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Ssthay eve hy MONTHLY JOURNAL OF LED LED SB, =. wn. DENISON ROEBUCK, F. essen FRPSE, Hon. SECRETARY OF THE YORKSHIRE Tee Joint-AUTHOR OF A ‘HANDBOOK OF THE VERTEBRATE AUNA OF Yor«suire’; Hon. Memper oF THE BRADFORD NATURALISTS’ AND MicroscopicaL Society, CLEVELAND NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLup, * MAtton Naturaists: Sociwry, Liverroot -NaruRaLists’ , : FIELD CLUBS TEDG:, ETC. ; ae WITH THE ASSISTANCE AS REFEREES IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF f ‘ NES GEORGE T. PORRITT PLS, hao er ARKE, PLS, M8. O.U., 1. SHEPPARD, F.GS. JOHN W TAYLOR, F.L.Ss . BARWELL TURNER, F.R.M.S. LONDON 3) & Co. 6, “HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. RLEY & eee ens ote LEEDS. ) \ , Editor has to thank the Sepals for their support and ‘tom 187 i> to 834 he ea it in partnership with Mr. ees of Yorkshire and uate phases and of Tiecbiebere Non- poreealing to a circle sues than pad of the northern counties. Bestches, the bird- re is the only one published in Britain trictly i in accordance eet the law of priority as to BOM oA aaa > Clarke, now of the Edinburgh Museum, and that for 1892 nership with Mr. Edgar R. Waite, now of the Australian im at Sydney, each of whom was a colleague whose _ Marine Mollusca, as being of more than local importance and. , HN Ro it Oe eS ee ee PM va : AIL ee hs eet Bia Na an Fs * ON a Nee ve W. Eagle Clarke, Alfred Harker, C. P. Hobkirk, G. T. Porritt, ~ and W. Barwell Turner from 1889, Mr. John W. Taylor from 1900, and Mr. T. Sheppard in 1902, and to each and all of them warmest thanks are due and offered. To the contributors also, so numerous as to preclude any singling out of names of the living, thanks are also rendered, but as regards those who have passed away, it is due to the memory of Mr. John Cordeaux to recall how firm and staunch a friend and prolific a contributor he was to the very end of his | useful life. ‘ 3 : 7 It will not be out of place here to mention the excellent - | manner in which the magazine has always been printed, first by _ Messrs. McCorquodale & Co. Ltd. and of late years by Messrs. - Chorley & Pickersgill, to both of which firms the Editors have throughout been indebted for every consideration and assistance. | In this connection it has been to the advantage of the magazine that the same persons—Mr. Chorley himself, Mr. W. Howard, and Mr. W. Sykes—have had charge of the printing of the journal throughout the whole period of eighteen and a half vears of the present Editor’s tenure of office. As regards its spirit, ‘The Naturalist’ has always been—and intended to be—a scientific journal, dealing with every branch of the natural sciences capable of local application, and its great value is as a‘record of facts and a repertory of material caicu- lated to be of use to students and investigators of the natural ; . history and physical features of the eleven northern counties of England to which its scope is restricted. In future ‘The Naturalist’ will be under the joint editorship of Mr. Thomas Sheppard, F.G.S., of the Municipal Museum at Hull, and Mr. Thomas W. Woodhead, F.L.S., of the Technical College at Huddersfield, and their reputation for ability and ~ experience affords ample guarantee that the scientific standing 4 of the journal will in no way be impaired. | JANUARY 1902. | No. 540. (Published Ist January 1902). (No. 318 of current series.) cc \ aw) . y i STITT } ATS iT | 3 ne / ie aN wl Tm | les Cressbrock Dale/.C. Vela iy. 2@ xe oer 9.5 70: Hieracium diaphanoides Lindb. Supp. For Woanhill read Wormhill. Serratula tinctoria L. For Barnaston read Burnaston. Taraxacum officinale L. var. corniculatum DC. ; Ill. Near Shirley on limestone, possibly a limestone ‘form of var. erythrospermum Andrz., Lindon, Jn 185(C5 INSIOy6 Ds Aleloy Carduus (Cnicus) pratensis Willd. Supp. IIT. Wiaillineton; Bindley BEC Nepey.p-e, 2 Matricaria Chamomilla L. Page 8o. Apetalous form. Leo Edaleyv77707,7 Bi. Car Ne py fe ae Ill.) Cubley,-27ntor; Bb .E-@- Rep.» ip. 52 Euphrasia nemorosa H. Mart. II, Near Barlborough and near Woolley, Ashover Hay, Linton, Bb. Ce Reps pr O21 Naturalist, New. New. New. New. ELo2. 1 Zee Ne 1224. New Painter : Additional Notes to the Flora of Derbyshire. 9 Melampyrum pratense L. var. hians Druce. ie -Ashopton, :Z7n7/a7,,B.E.C.’ Rep: , p: 421. Mentha sylvestris L. (longifolia Huds.) var. nemorosa Willd. III. Marston Montgomery, H. Bromwich, B.E.C. Rep., p. 566. : 5- Mentha piperita Huds. For Snelstone read Snelston. Mentha gracilis L. ipa Chee Dale 2772707, Bb. .©. ep... p: 527% Galeopsis intermedium Sill. Now placed under G. Ladanum L. For Bolsover read ‘ near Bolsover.’ Salix aurita+cinerea. Supp. Ill. Yeldersley and Edlaston Coppy, Zznton, B.E.C. Rep., pp. 528, 564. Salix caprea+ cinerea. ie diaston Coppy, 277707, b.E.C. Rep., p. 528: . Epipactis atrorubens Schultz. i eoucstone dec. /77/07,"B.-C. Rep: p. 598. . Allium oleraceum L. Me Canalside neamitone Baton, £22207, B.E.C. Rep., P- 507. | Potamogeton compressus L. (P. /riesiz Rupr.). Ill: Near Derby, Lifton, B.E.C. Rep.; p. 407. Potamogeton crispus + perfoliatus = P. Cooperi Pinyer: ii Canals, neam Derby, 277207, Bb. B.C. Rep., p. 646. Potamogeion crispus+ Friesii= P. Lintoni Fryer. II. Canal, Renishaw, Zznton, B.E.C. Rep., p. 646. Blysmus compressus Panz. (Scirpus Caricis Retz.). Pave 122. I. Dove Dale, Paznter. Carex ovalis Good. var. bracteata. Page 124. Anerror. It is Blysmus compressus. Carex paniculata L. Page 115. Pe Siicley, L2n707, bib.C. Reps, p. 426. Alopecurus fulvus Sm. ie Sutton Scarsdale Park, /2zmzon, 3. E.€. Rep., p. 650- Alopecurus geniculatus L. var. pronus Mitt. I. Bradwell Old Moor, Lzzfon, B.E.C. Rep., p. 530. 1902 January tr. IO New. 21. 34- 48. IO0O. 120. I4I. Painter : Additional Notes to the Flora of Derbyshire. Glyceria plicata Fr. var. declinata (Breb.). |. Bradwell Old” Moor, “27/0n, BEC. Repeap. sar . Equisetum maximum Lam. not £. umbrosum. Seen growing by Rev. W. R. Linton in this habitat. MOSSES: Weissia mucronata Bruch. This entry should be cancelled. There is consider- able doubt if this moss has been found in the county. I have not seen a specimen.—AUTHOR. Dicranum palustre Bry.Eur. (D. Bonjeant DeNot.). I. Charlesworth and Kinder Scout, Whitehead; : Erwood, near Buxton, 1874, Ley. Notas in Supp. . Campylopus flexuosus Wils. var. paradoxus Husn. I. Kinder Scout, /. Whitehead, comm., Prof. Barker, p- 44." 7. Seligeria pusilla Hedw. I. Near Bradwell, Zzz¢on, p. 75. Seligeria acutifolia Lindb. The entry in the Supp. is misleading. The type does not grow in Great Britain, Dixon and Jameson’s ‘ Handbook of British Mosses.’ The entry should therefore be placed under the var. . Seligeria recurvata Hedw. J. Near the Snake Inn, Kinder Scout, Zznion, p. 75. Distichium capillaceum L. not Distichum capillacum as in Supp. Ephemerum serratum Schreb. not “pherum as in Supp. Webera cucullata Schp. . Mr. Whitehead’s remark ‘New to England’ was unfortunately omitted in Supp. This moss appears in ‘Dixon and Jameson’ as a sub- species of Ilebera nutans Hedw. . Bryum pendulum Schf. I. Wall, Castleton, 4. WV. Dzxon, p. 54. Tetradontium Brownianum Dicks. This should read Vefrodontium. * Moss Exchange Club Reports. The pages only are given in the entries. Naturalist, 183. 201. 205. Painter: Adadztional Notes to the Flora of Derbyshire. 1 Polytrichum piliferum Schreb. For Raworth in J. W. read Roworth. Fontinalis squamosa L. I. Fairbrook, Lzufon, p. 85: Fontinalis Dixoni Card. I. Chatsworth, Parker, p. 17. Neckera crispa L. var. falcata Boulay. I; Deepdale, Buxton, Prof. Barker, p..85. . Leskea polycarpa Ehth. For Anchor Church, Mickleover, read Anchor Church; Mickleover. =. Thamnium alopecurum L. For Dirmin Dale read Diminsdale. . Climacium dendroides W.&N. I. Stirrup Wood, Ludworth, &. Clough, p. 56. . Amblystegium Sprucei B.&S. I. Dove Holes, Dovedale, Prof. Barker, p. 36, who ; writes: ‘To an early distribution (of the Club) I sent several packets labelled A. confervozdes, Dove oles, Dovedale) Derbyshire «A. recent examination of what remained of my gathering Proved: LneamOoss tobe A. Sprucez. ... . ll called it A. confervoides in deference to the opinion of the late Mr. Whitehead.’ . Amblystegium confervoides Brid. I. Dr. Frazer’s habitat of this moss is in Staffordshire. Pid ACs: Asterella hemispherica (L.). (Reboulia hemrspherica L.) Fe Vionkis: Dales Gressbrook Wale; sheak Whorest ; Lathkill Dale; Hartle Dale, Bradwell, Zzn/fon, pe 4. Targionia hypophylla \. ie Wovedale, Zion. pp.42,, 62: Trichocolea tomentella Ebrh. I. Umberley Brook, Chatsworth, Lznton, p. 60. Scapania irrigua Nees. — YIIl. Hulland Moss, Zzzfon, p. 61. Scapania zquiloba Schweg. f. dentata (Gottsche & Bab.) (S. aspera Mill. and Bernh.). I Near Ashford, -Zzmi0n, p< o5.- 1902 January tr. Painter: Additional Notes to the Flora of Derbyshire. Mylia anomala Hook. I. Baslow, Lznton, p. 95. Jungermannia sphzerocarpa Hook. I. Coombes Moss; Jarvis Clough, Ashopton; Bar- brook; Baslow; Ashop Clough; Kinder Scout, Linton, pp. 40, 62, and 96. Jungermannia riparia Yay. I. Cressbrook Dale, Zznfon, p. 18. Jungermannia Bantriensis Hook. var. Mulleri Nees. I. Brassington Rocks; Ashwood Dale, Lznton, pp.- 62 and o6. Jungermannia attenuata Lindenberg : ; ( & sracilis Senlecich.\. i, Broceatt-7 b dale - Hathersage ; Birchen Edge, Baslow, Lznfon, pp. 41 and 06. Jungermannia Floerkii W.&N. I. Coombes Moss and six other localities, Zznéon, DeOZ. Jungermannia quinquedentata Web. (Lyonz Tayl.). I; Monks Dale 4772077, 9. 96: Jungermannia ventricosa Dicks. I. Hartland Edge, near Beeby; Baslow, L£zzion, Pp. 41. Jungermannia alpestris Schleich. ‘I. Deep Dale, Buxton; near Taddington; Great- Shacklow Wood, Ashford; Brassington Rocks, and Bradwell, Zzzzfon, pp. 19 and 41. Jungermannia turbinata Raddi. I. Great Shacklow Wood, Ashford; Cressbrook Dales Conies: Dale ww772707, apse Nardia compressa Gray. lS icdaleyEauion, pao. Fossombronia pusilla Nees. I. Bradley, £znzon, p. a2. Aneura pinguis L. I Weldersley secon. ao. Aneura sinuata Dicks. I. Waterfall, Froggatt, Zzon, p. 63. Naturalist, LINCOLNSHIRE WATER MITES: THIRD LIST. Creb PGEORGE SS MGR C!S: 1ete:, Kirton-in-Lindsey, Lincolnshire. SINCE my last paper on Water Mites, published in ‘The - Naturalist,’ May 1901, there has appeared in Germany a most — important work. on this subject, a volume forming the 13th eiiciewune. sor an) extensive work called “Das Vierreich. It deals with the Hydrachnide and Halacaridez of the world. The Hydrachnide is written by Dr. R. Piersig, of Annaberg, who gives a list of all the literature of the Hydrachnidz known to him in any language, brought up to the 15th of April 1901, and a description of every Water Mite certainly known, also very accurate and laborious analytical tables of the genera and species. Considerable alterations are’ made in the classification which will require the careful attention of the student; for instance, the generic name Lamznipes has been given to mites hitherto: known as Pona, Neumanza instead of Cochleophorus, and Pzona is substituted for Curuvzpes. From what I have said some little idea may be formed of the great value of this book to the hydrachnologist and the immense labour and learnigg bestowed upon it. The year has not been to me a very successful one in some respects, still I have a few more species to add to my Lincoln- shire list, which have all been taken by myself in the same district as the former ones. : Eulais (Eylais) georgei (Soar). See ‘Science Gossip,’ August IQ0I, pp. 68 and 69. This species is the one described in my first list as Aylars extendens. 1 circulated a mounted specimen (which I still possess) in the Postal Microscopical Secteuy in November) 1852) bub if is needless) to say it returned without any important remark or criticism. In 1896 Professor Koenike, of Bremen, published some observa- tions cn “ylazs which gave a great impetus to the study of this genus over the whole world, so that Dr. Piersig now describes no less than 35 species as certain, mentions two as uncertain, and one as a variety, and yet had not recorded this species, as it was only described by Mr. Soar in August 1901; and I have about half-a-dozen different species or varieties, taken and mounted by myself this year, whose 1902 January 1. I4 Notes on Hemiptera and Mammals. names I have not yet determined to my satisfaction. These names I hope to publish in a future communication. Hydrachna scutata (Piersig). See ‘Science Gossip’ for August 1900, p. 338. Hydrachna thoni (Piersig). Nymph. Hydrachna biscutata (Thon.). Hydrachna conjecta (Koenike). Hydrachna sp. not yet determined. I know of no English figures of the last four mites yet pub- lished. Like the preceding genus, AHydrachna has been much studied during the last few years, and many species described. In 1842 Koch published his ‘Ubersicht’ naming only three species, whilst Piersig in his work, published in June last, describes as certain 33, aS uncertain five, and one as a variety. Oxus ovalis (Mill.). Hygrobates reticulatus (Kramer). See ‘Science Gossip,’ October 1899. Atax ypsilophorus (Bouz.). I have long been morally certain that this was a Lincolnshire species, but on sth September last I found two specimens of Anodonta cygnea on the mud at the side of a pond; one was dead, the other still alive, and in each mollusc I found several specimens of this mite. Its parasitic nature causes it to be seldom observed, but it is common enough doubtless when looked for in the right place. —__—- > <=-_ NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE HEMIPTERA. Verlusia rhombea at Mablethorpe.—A Bug, captured on the sand- hills at Mablethorpe a few days ago, has been identified by the Rev. A. Thornley as Verlusta rhombea L. All the localities for it given by Saunders are south cf London.—C. E. PLAYLL, Louth, 3rd September igor. ee ——_| NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE MAMMALS. White Hares near Horncastle, Linc. N.—A white Hare (Lefus europeéus) has been recently shot near here. These are not accidental cases of albino hares, but a strain, which crops up periodically, generally with eyes of the ordinary colour. They are, for the most part, confined to this neighbourhood, but have, at intervals, to my knowledge, been seen for more than thirty years. It is three years, I think, since the last was shot in Tumby Wood. In ‘ The Field’ of 11th June 1898, Mr. Fieldsend men- tioned one, which I presented to our Museum at Lincoln Castle, and which had dark eyes. In the same communication he mentioned fifteen other similar instances.—J. CONWAY WALTER, Langton Rectory, Horncastle, 14th October Igol. Naturalist, YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT MASHAM. THOMAS GIBBS, 43, St. Ronan’s Road, Sheffield. Tue fourth excursion of the season 1Ig01 was the popular August Bank Holiday meeting, and was held this year at the quaint little town of Masham, situated near the junction of the river Burn with the Ure, just within the southern boundary of the North Riding. The district marked out in the programme for exploration was Colsterdale, the valley of the Burn, Birk Gill, and Arnagill, but time allowed only of a portion of this district being visited, members finding that the examination of Birk Gill and Colster- dale was enough for a good day’s work on the Monday, while the rest of the time was profitably spent in the woods and fields in the immediate vicinity of Masham and Swinton. _ A previous excursion of the Union to Tanfield and Hackfall in April 1896 very nearly approached the ground worked on this occasion, but the later party did not reach quite as far south as Hackfall, the western-most limit of the earlier excursion. The area proposed to be explored was therefore practically virgin soil to the Union, and the programme rightly drew attention to this fact, so that its little-known fauna and flora might be as thoroughly investigated as the time would allow. This was especially desirable, as some of the most interesting of the river valleys are to be submerged as part of a new water scheme of the Leeds Corporation. Work commenced on Saturday morning, 3rd August, when a few members under the guidance of Mr. William Forbes, Lord Masham’s head forester, had a pleasant ramble in the neighbourhood of Swinton Park and the well-wooded banks of the Burn. The estate nurseries were also visited, and here, under the guidance of an expert, the visitors could see how the rearing and care of timber can be carried on by men conversant with the best methods of scientific forestry. Other short rambles by the week-end visitors were southwards to Nutwith Cote and the woods in the vicinity of Hackfall, and northwards along the bank of the Ure towards High Burton. With Monday morning’s train came a considerable addition to the party, bringing up their number to nearly thirty, including representatives of several sections previously unrepresented. 1902 January 1. 16 Gibbs: Vorkshitre Naturalists’ Union at Masham. As Birk Gill, the locality chosen for the day’s work, was several miles distant, carriages were requisitioned for the scene of action; in these the general body of naturalists, including. zoologists, phanerogamic botanists, and geologists, were taken as far as Gollinglith Foot, while the two mycologists present considered it more profitable to spend the day in the woods. nearer home, and were dropped at the Saw Mill, near Healey, for the purpose of exploring the Hall Wood. Birk Gill is a narrow glen, the steep banks of which are clothed with deciduous wood of luxuriant growth, and with an undergrowth of equally luxuriant fern; on the left of the stream rise banks of shale and millstone grit cliffs, not of great height, but clothed with abundance of foliage and under- wood. About two miles up the glen there is a fine fall of some twenty feet, the stream here making a bend to the left ; above the fall the woods continue for some distance, but there are no more cliffs. : The following reports show the work done by the different sections :— | Mr. Kenneth McLean (secretary), writes as to the Verte- brata :—-He stated that the representatives of the Vertebrate Section are somewhat at a disadvantage when on these excursions. The objects of their pursuit, unlike the geological and botanical specimens, are movable ; some of them very movable. Consequently the greater number of people and the greater noise, the less chance there is of observing bird and animal life; quiet going and quiet waiting are absolutely . necessary to see, hear, and study these to advantage. This excursion, however, from an ornithological point of view especially, was on the whole a very satisfactory one, although nothing very rare was seen. Yet the great variety of birds, and the great numbers of certain kinds, made the day full of interest. Large numbers of Willow-Wrens, Whitethroats, and Sedge- Warblers flitted amongst the alders by the stream, and were joined by Cole Tits, Blue Tits, Wrens, Chaffinches, and many other common but interesting birds. All these were feeding upon insects of different kinds which were swarming near the water. Perhaps the summer visitors were being entertained by the residents at a sort of farewell picnic prior to their passing over to their winter homes. The Missel-Thrush on the grassy slopes were more numerous than he had seen them for Naturalist, Gibbs: Yorkshire Naturalists Union at Masham. 17 many years. A few years ago these birds, which are the first to suffer from severe weather, got so reduced in numbers by successive severe winters that for a year or two after their nests were few and far between. The Spotted Flycatcher and Redstart were fairly plentiful. Up near the edge of the moor many Blackbirds were accompanied by several of their near relations, the Ring-Ousel, some of them just beginning to show their white neckties. Many Red Grouse, too, had joined this party, evidently having the same object in view—to enjoy. the glorious feast of cranberries spread out before them. Several of the semi-rare birds were observed. Glimpses were caught of the Kingfisher as he flashed down the stream, showing his rainbow hues; the Dipper, with his tail and beak looking up- wards, bobbed on the stones in mid-stream; Mr. and Mrs. Bullfinch with their family, looking very bright and beautiful amongst the hazel bowers; the Green Woodpecker was heard, and its borings seen in many of the trees; and a young Cuckoo was receiving food from its little foster-mother, the Willow- Wren. The Carrion-Crow, Magpie, Sparrow-Hawk, Kestrel, of these only odd specimens were seen. During the day in all fifty-five kinds of birds were noted ; this was considerably above the average number seen on these excursions. The Mammialia had five representatives on the list, all common. Six kinds of Fish were seen, also common. Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, who represented the Conchological Section in the absence of its officers, writes that in consequence of the dryness of the ground traversed the number of mollusca observed was not great. Mr. Edwin Hawkesworth commenced the work on Saturday, 3rd August, when he collected several specimens within small compass in a dampish spot in Swinton Park. These having been submitted to Mr. Wm. Nelson, proved to consist of the following species :— Hyalinia alliaria. One, young. Helix rotundata. Two. Hyalinia pura. One, dead. Pupa umbilicata. One. Hyalinia radiatula. One, dead. do. var. albina. One. Hyalinia crystallina. Three. Planorbis albus. Two. The collecting on Monday, 5th August, yielded but few species. Mr. Roebuck worked down Colsterdale towards Masham, found Agriolimax agrestis at Gollinglith Foot, Arzon circumscriptus near Healey, a broken fragment of /elzx aspersa in a rubbish-heap at Healey, a single tiny specimen of Ancylus fluviatilis in the river Burn at Healey (the only one found after close and prolonged search), several examples of Helzx hispida 1902 January tr. B 18 Gibbs = Vorkshire Naturalists’ Unton at Masham. at Healey and at Swinton, numerous //. vrotundata at the latter village, and a very young example of ZLimax maximus under the bark of an oak log at Swinton. Messrs. C. Crossland, F.L.S., and Mr. Thomas Gibbs brought from the Hall Wood Ayalnia crystallina, H. alliaria (young), a pale greenish-white juvenile specimen of Avion afer, and a very small example of Zzmax marginatus (arborum) of typical markings but very dark. The last-named was of considerable interest in that from it emerged an extremely long thread-worm, evidently a parasite. Mr. Roebuck next visited Marfield Pond under the guidance of Mr. J. J. Burton, who had visited the place the previous day, a fine large sheet of water, overgrown in the centre with vegetation, and its muddy verge so trodden down by cattle as to render it difficult to get to collect in the clear water which stood between the reeds and the edge. Here were found Limnea stagnalis in great abundance and very large and fine, several LZ. palustris, Planorbis corneus in great abundance and of ordinary size, Pl. complanatus in great plenty and exceedingly fine, some of the specimens being as large as Mr. Nelson has seen, and Sythinia tentaculata, also in great plenty, besides a few examples of a fPzszedzum which were lost before they could be specifically identified. Most of the shells were covered with confervoid vegetation, except those collected at one or two points where it was evident the pond was fed by springs. The total list thus amounted to twenty-one species and one albino variety—eight species being freshwater, eight land snails, and five slugs. The Entomologists were sclely represented by Mr. G. T. Porritt, F.L.S., and Bank Holiday train exigencies unfortunately prevented him from having more than a short afternoon’s work ; his report shows what good use he made of this short time; he says that the Entomologists were exceptionally fortunate. In a district almost unworked, containing so much water, it was natural that the Trichoptera should be in full force, and in less than two hours’ work on the river Ure, in adverse weather conditions, Mr. G. T. Porritt succeeded in securing no less than five species hitherto unrecorded for Yorkshire, two of them being quite common; indeed one of them in great abundance. The new species were :— Lepidostoma hirta, common. Leptocerus albifrons. Neureclipsts bimaculata. Naturalist Gibbs; Yorkshire Naturalists Union at Masham. 19 Psychomyta pusilla, abundant. f1ydropsyche lepida. Other Trichoptera noticed included Leptocerus cinereus and Tinodes waenert, both common. Various species of Planipennia were taken and the Odonata included a fine &schna juncea, a dragonfly apparently much rarer in Yorkshire than its near relative 4. cyanea. A striking feature of the excursion, too, was the extra- ordinary number of the fine Hymenopteron Szrex e7gas which Were seen near the saw mills at Healey, probably at least twenty specimens being seen which had recently been found in the timber used at the mills. Scarcely any attention was paid to the Lepidoptera, but Manza maura, Melanthia rubi- otnata, and other species were taken. Mr. E. Snelgrove, B.A. (Sheffield), writes as follows on the Phanerogamic Botany :—The district examined by the botanists during the three days of the meeting extends along the south bank of the Ure, from two miles below Masham, up _ the Burn, which flows through Colsterdale, to Birk Gill. The records include 200 species of flowering plants, among which may be mentioned :—Campanula latifolia, C. glomerata, Hypericum hirsutum, H. dubtum, H. pulchrum, Gerantum sylvaticum, Mimulus luteus, Primula fartnosa, Parnassia palustris, Epipactis media, EF. palustris, Gymnadenta conopsea, Listera ovata, Scheenus nigricans, Carex pendula, C. flava, C. pantcea, C. paniculata, C. remota, Ononts spinosa, Pimpinella magna, and Rubus saxatilis. In Birk Gill, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium oxycoccos. Near Masham also Actea spicata and Saxtfraga tridactylites. Amongst Cryptogams, Aguzsetum palustre, E. sylvaticum, Lyco- podium selago, and an interesting list of ferns were recorded. For this last, Mr. J. E. Clark is responsible :—Pteris aqgutlina, Lomaria spicant, Asplentum adiantum-nigrum, A. viride, A. ruta- muraria, Athyrium filix-feemina, Polystichum lobatum, P. lobatum var. aculeatum, P. aculeatum var. lonchitidioides, Lastrea oreop- teris, L. filix-mas, L. spinulosa, L. dilatata, L. emula, Polypodium vulgare, Cystopteris fragilis, Phegopteris Dryopteris, P. poly- podtordes. Most of these were found in Birk Gill. There was some remarkably fine Pelézgera cantina on the mosses of the moist cliffs. The flowering plants were done carefully, but it cannot be said that any serious attempt was made upon the mosses, hepatice, or lichens, for want of specialists. The Botanical party were much indebted to Mr. W. A. Thwaites, of Masham, for valuable guidance to suitable localities. 1902 January tr. 20 Gibbs.: Vorkshtre Naturalists’ Union at Masham. Since this report. on Botany was drawn up Mr. J. F. Pickard informs me that, on going over his plants with Mr. F. Arnold Lees, he finds that Festuca sylvatica Vill. was among the plants of Birk Gill. It was growing sparingly on the steep left bank under the rocks, and as it is not recorded by Mr. Baker, it 1s an interesting addition to the North Riding Flora. Mr. Crossland’s report for the Mycological Section is included in his article on the ‘Fungi of Masham and Swinton’ in the present number of ‘The Naturalist.’ This course has been rendered necessary by the fortunate circumstance that two local men—Messrs. Forbes and Thwaites—were found who at once showed a keen and intelligent interest in the subject, and carried on their investigations through the autumn with the very creditable result shown in Mr. Crossland’s article. Mr. T. Sheppard, F.G.S., secretary of the Geological Section, writes :—‘ Owing probably to the fact that the district chosen for this excursion is not particularly attractive from a collector’s point of view, the geologists were but meagrely represented, and the few who were present decided to join the ‘general body’ of naturalists. To say that the district was uninteresting, geologically, would be inaccurate, as.many features were met with on the ramble which were of ‘great interest to the hammer-men. There are a few impure seams of coal in the neighbourhood, and judging from the recently formed refuse heaps, some of these are still being worked. Birk Gill proved a charming locality, and in the shales exposed on its sides were ripple-marks, rain-pittings, and sun-cracks. The hammer, however, was but little required, and for once the geologists had light loads to bring home. The proceedings closed with the usual sectional and general meetings, at the latter of which Mr. G.-i.. Portia Eas: presided, and 14 societies were represented. Two new members were elected, Mr. Wm. Forbes (Swinton) and Mr. Charles Harvey Colmar (Pickering); and the usual votes of thanks were accorded, and one of condolence with the relatives of the late Mr. John Burton, of Altofts, an old and valued member. The weather throughout the excursion was fine, though dull and cool, the accommodation was excellent, the meeting as the reports show was a profitable one as regards the work done, and all left with pleasant recollections of Masham in August 1901. Naturalist, ZI FUNGI OF MASHAM AND SWINTON. CHAS. CROSSLAND, F-L.S., Halifax ; Hon. Sec. Yorkshire Mycological Committee. In the circular announcing the Bank Holiday meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Masham (August 3rd-5th), the paragraph headed ‘Fungi’ says :—‘No records, but Mr. W. Forbes, Swinton, writes that Fungi are very abundant.’ This combined statement acted as an incentive to a few Yorkshire mycologists to try and make a beginning. These were Messrs. J. Williams Sutcliffe, Halifax, Thomas Gibbs, Sheffield, and the writer. Unfortunately, although the excur- sion was a ‘ week-ender,’ none of us were able to put in more than one full day. Two or three other members of the Union, notably Mr. John Naughton, of Harrogate, took a more than usual interest in this too-much-neglected, though very important, branch of natural history. We were indebted to Mr. Forbes for directing us to the most likely localities in which to meet with the objects of our search. This gentleman is arboriculturist on the estates of Lord Masham, and is personally familiar with every part of the extensive woods and plantations. His sylviculture is carried on upon the most approved scientific lines, and every effort is being made by him to minimise the attacks of parasitic fungi upon his trees and shrubs. In great stretches of woodland and plantation, principally of a mixed character, conifers often predominating, the trees were the very picture of health and active growth. There were one or two places where matters did not look so very promising, but he con- fident!y asserted that he would soon have all right, even there. The places we found best, from a mycological point of view, were in the older parts of the woods, in moist places by the river side. Many wild-plant parasites in the shape of Uredines were met with. There were also saprophytes in abundance on the dead branches, etc., if one had only had more time to look them up. The beautiful blue-green mycelium of Chlorosplenitum eruginosum had stained some of the broken branches quite through. Avrmzllaria mellea was here, and will be a tough customer to eradicate. At this particular place it appeared to have been established for some time. One affected tree had been cut down; on making a careful examination, the mycelium was found to envelope the whole tree beneath the bark, from base to apex, in a vast network of brown, cord-like strands. 1g02 January tr. 22 Crossland: Fungt of Masham and Swinton. Mr. Forbes had provided a very able lieutenant as supple- mentary leader, in the person of Mr. W. A. Thwaites, Masham, one of the carpenters on the estate ; it was soon found that he also took a keen interest in fungi, and proved exceedingly helpful. On comparing notes it was found that 106-8 known species had been noted. A fortnight later the writer, accompanied by Mr. U. Bairstow, Halifax, paid another short visit to the district, when a few more were added to the list. Messrs. Forbes and Thwaites again rendered both advice and assistance. The desirability of continuing the investigations for a month or two, as opportunity afforded, was talked over, when both our friends readily took up the suggestion and followed it out. Between Aug. 17th and Nov. 2nd, about 4o consignments of fungi were sent on to Halifax. On summing up the work, it was found the record of species had grown from nil to 416: not a bad season’s work for a comparatively small area. They were nearly all gathered in the valley of the Burn: the majority in the vicinity of the estates saw-mill, where there is plenty of decaying undergrowth, and also rotting bark and wood. This affords another instance of what may be done in mycological investigation. (Another striking example will shortly be forth- coming in the ‘Yorkshire List of Fungi,’ showing the vast quantity of field work done in this line by Mr. Needham about Hebden Bridge.) In addition to the number stated above, between 20 and 30 had to be laid on one side undetermined. A noticeable feature in the accompanying records is the number of species belonging to the two genera Mycena and Flelotium. Many other genera are also well represented, e.g., Lepiota, Tricholoma, Pleurotus, Trichia, etc. Among the rarer Yorkshire things are Pleurotus applicatus, Pluteus pellitus, Russula eruginea, Nyctalis parasitica, Marasmius polyadelphus, etc. So far as- can be ascertained’ at present, stheremane mo Species new to science. There are two additions to the British Flora, Ombrophila decolorans (Berk.& Curt.) = Bulgaria decolorans Berk. & Curt., Grevillea, Vol. 4 (1876), p. 6; and Mollista amenticola (Sacc.), Rehm. Rabh. Krypt. Flo. Disc. p- 540. The former has hitherto been a North American species gathered in Alabama by Peters (No. 5222) and described by Berkeley and Curtis in Grevillea, l.c. The type specimen is in Berkeley’s Herbarium (North American Fungi, n. 771) at Kew. It is one of those which has undergone re-description at the hands of Mr. Massee, the full text of which, and a figure, Naturalist, Crossland: Fungt of Masham and Swinton. AAR are contained in the Linnean Society’s Transactions, Vol. 31, pp- 466-7, Pl. 18, figs. 23-24. Mr. Massee has compared the Masham specimens, and found them to fit in every detail. The Mollista amenticola has up to the present been a Continental species found on decaying female catkins of Alnus oelutinosa. Many of the records are undoubtedly new to Yorkshire, but it is not possible at the present moment to say how many and which. In consequence of the continued investigations subsequent to the August meeting, the editor considered it advisable to keep the report and list of fungi apart from the general report of the Excursion at Masham, and to include all the observations in one paper. Mr. Gibbs has therefore kindly handed over to me the mycological notes, taken at the August excursion, which he had in hand for the general report. It will be noticed that the host-plant or habitat of a species is often omitted; it has scarcely been possible, under the circumstances, to give them in each case. The species observed at the August meeting are marked by an asterisk. The collecting of the remainder stands to the credit of Mr. Forbes and Mr. Thwaites. The classification of genera is the same as that used for the Cadeby list. BASIDIOMYCETA:. (GASTROMYCETA.. ) NIDULARIACEZAG. Cyathus vernicosus DC. On the ground. Crucibulum vulgare Tul. On dead twigs. Sphzrobolus stellatus Tode. On rotten wood in moist places. LYCOPERDACE:. “Lycoperdon, pyriforme Scheff. On the ground in woods. PalbenbowvistacL. In pastures. L. nigrescens Vitt. In pastures and meadows. PHALLACEA. Ithyphallus impudicus L. On the ground in woods. Mutinus caninus Fr. On the ground in moist places in woods. 1902 January 1. (HYMENOMYCETA.. ) AGARICACEE. Agarice2. Leucosporee. Amanita phalloides Fr. A. pantherina DC. A. rubescens Fr. A. asper Fr. Amanitopsis vaginata Roze. Lepiota procera (Scop.) Fr. L. acutesquamosa Wein. L. hispida Lasch. L. cristata A.&S. L. granulosa Batsch. On the ground in woods. L. polysticta Berk. Distinct in the Lepiotze on account of the thick firm flesh of the pileus. Among grass by side of footpath. L. seminuda Lasch. L. lenticulare Lasch. 24 Crossland: Fung? of Masham and Swinton. *Armillaria mellea Flo. Dan. C. dryophila Buil. Parasitic on various trees, and C. clava L. extremely difficult to keep C. ambusta Fr. in check. A form was col- Mycena luteo-alba Bolton. lected with a peculiar, shining, M. gypsea Fr. blackish stem. In tufts on the ground amongst Tricholoma spermaticum Fr. dead leaves. A great white, contorted speci- M. lactea Pers. men. M. rugosa Fr. T. flavo-brunneum Fr. M. galericulata Scop. T. albo-brunneum Pers. Both solitary and in fascicles T. terreum Scheeff. about old stumps. On the ground in a wood. M. polygramma Bull. T. saponaceum Fr. M. tintinabulum Fr. T. carneum Bull. On decaying branches. In pastures. M. plicosa Fr. T. personatum Fr. ‘ Blewits.’ M. alcalina Fr. In meadows and pastures. -*M. ammoniaca Fr. T. panzolum Fr. M. metata Fr. T. melaleucum Pers. M. stannea Fr. In pastures. On the ground amongst grass. T. humile Fr. M. filopes Bull. Clitocybe galinacea Scop. Amongst decayed leaves. C. gigantea Sow. ~*M. debilis Fr. C. maxima Garten.& Mey. M. speirea Fr. *C. infundibuliformis Scheff. M. acicula Scheeff. On the ground in woodsamongst “*M. sanguinolenta A.&S. fallen leaves. On and about decaying leaves. C. geotropa Bull. M. galopoda Fr. On the ground in woods. On the ground in woods amongst C. ericetorum Bull. rotting twigs. C. brumalis Fr. M. epipterygia Fr. Amongst dead grass and leaves Amongst grass on the margins in woods and open places. of woods. | C. fragrans Sow. M. clavicularis Fr. On the ground in woods. M. tenerrima B. Laccaria laccata (Scop.) B.& Br. M. corticola Schum. “le bellamir M. hiemalis Osbeck. Collybia butyracea Bull. M. capillaris Schum. On the ground amongst dead On beech leaves. leaves in woods. Omphalia hepatica Batsch. C. velutipes Curt. Growing in bed of moss, etc. On living tree trunk. ©. grisea Fr. C. conigena Pers. On beech leaves. On decaying fir-cones. *O. fibula Bull. C. tuberosa Bull. *O. integrella Pers. Springing from Sclerotia formed Pleurotus dryinus Pers. among organic débris in moist On oak wood. corners in woods. P. ostreatus Jacq. C. nummularia Fr. P. salignus Pers. Among grass by road-side. P. columbinus Bres. C. acervata Fr. On tree stump. Naturalist, Crossland: Fungi of Masham and Swinton. 25, Pleurotus mitis Pers. P. septicus Fr. P. applicatus Batsch. On dead twigs laid in hedge bottom. Rhodusporee. “Pluteus cervinus Scheeff. On dead stumps. P. pellitus Pers. Amongst grass. Entoloma sinuatum Fr. E. jubatum Fr. *E. sericellum Fr. E. sericeum Bull. All in pastures and meadows. Clitopilus prunulus Scop. *C. orcella Bull. Leptonia lampropoda Fr. In pastures. Nolanea pascua Pers. In pastures and meadows. *Claudopus variabilis Pers. Ochrospore. *Pholiota przecox Pers. P. squarrosa Mill. On dead trunk. P. spectabilis -Fr. P. mutabilis Scheff. The two latter on dead stump. Inocybe lanuginosa Bull. I. incarnata Bres. edlacera: ir. I. rimosa Bull. *T. asterospora Quelet. Very similar to rimosa, but easily distinguished by its nodulose spores and bulbous base _ of stem. I. geophylla Sow. On the ground in woods. Hebeloma mesophzum Fr. H. crustuliniforme Bull. On heavy soil in open places in woods. Flammula sapinea Fr. On heathy ground or in woods. Eeapicnea, Hr: Naucoria temulenta Fr. N. escharoides Fr. *Galera tenera Scheeff. G. spartea Fr. In fields. 1902 January 1. *G. hypnorum Batsch. On mossy banks and _ moss- covered rocks—the moss itself being obviously the habitat. G. minuta Quelet. Tubaria furfuracea Pers. On the ground. T. inquilina Fr. On bit of rotten twig. Crepidotus mollis Scheff. Bolbitius tener Berk. B. titubans Fr. In rich meadows. Cortinarius purpurascens Fr. . elatior Fr. . ochroleucus Scheff. . cinnamomeus L. . hinnuleus Fr. . acutus Pers. Melanospore. Agaricus arvensis Scheff. AAO @Q@ “A. campestris L. A. hemorrhoidarius Kalch. In pastures. Stropharia zeruginosa Curt. In woods or shaded corners of fields. S. merdaria Fr. S. stercoraria Fr. *S. semiglobata Batsch. On cow dung in fields. Hypholoma fasciculare Huds. On dead stumps, in fascicles ; occasionally solitary. H. velutinum Pers. H. pyrotrichum Holms. *Panzolus phalzenarum (Bull.) Fr. Pemetirugis) hr P. sphinctrinus Fr. *P, campanulatus L. On dung in rich pastures. Anellaria separata L. On dung in pastures. Psilocybe subsericzea Fr. P. cernua Flo. Dan. In fragile fascicles on dead wood. Psathyra conopilea Fr. P. spadiceo-grisea Scheff. P. semi-vestita B.& Br. P. pennata Fr. *Psathyrella disseminata Pers. In crowds on dead stumps. 26 Crossland: Fungt of Masham and Swinton. *Psathyrella atomata Fr. Amongst grass. Coprinus comatus Fr. C. atramentarius Fr. C. niveus Pers. *C. micaceus Fr. On dead stumps and logs, from a beautiful golden-brown my- celium. C. radiatus Bolt. *C. plicatilis Curt. In pastures ; soon collapsing. Paxillez. Hygrophorus pratensis Pers. var. cinereus Fr. . virgineus Wulf. . niveus Scop. . ceraceus Wulf. . coccineus Scheff. . miniatus Fr. . puniceus Fr. . obrusseus Fr. . chlorophanus Fr. . psittacinus Scheff. All in pastures or.on grassy road- sides. Paxillus involutus Batsch. P. panuoides Fr. Lactarieez. Lactarius torminosus Scheff. L. turpis Weinm. L. quietus Fr. L. glyciosmus Fr. IU, I, IG, anggangen enya enangengan . mitissimus Fr. . subdulcis Bull. . camphoratus Fr. All on the ground in woods or on field sides bordering woods. Russula nigricans Bull. wdelica Bir, . furcata Pers. . vesca Fr. . cyanoxantha Scheff. . heterophylla Fr. . fellea Fr. wemeticalr. . ochroleuca Pers. . eruginea Fr. . fragilis Pers. . integra L. All on the ground in woods, or fields bordering woods. se *K SL * DHAAADAR DAH Cantharellez. *Cantharellus cibarius Fr. C. aurantiacus Fr. Nyctalis parasitica Bull. On decaying Russula nigricans. Marasmiee., Marasmius urens Bull. M. peronatus Bolton. Amongst dead leaves. *M. oreades Bolton. In ‘fairy rings’ in pastures. *M. ramealis Bull. On decaying twigs. M. rotula Scop. M. androsaceus L. On stems of wild raspberry, on pine leaves, and larch twigs. In every case showing superficial mycelium, which gave the twigs, etc., the appearance of being entangled in horse hair. M. saccharinus Batsch. M. polyadelphus Lasch. On fallen Cratzgus leaves. Lentinus tigrinus Bull. Panus conchatus Fr. POLYPORACE4.. Boletez. *Boletus flavus With. *B. chrysenteron Fr. B. subtomentosus L. *B. badius L. *B. piperatus Bull. B. granulatus L. *B. Scaber Er. Fistulina hepatica Fr. Polyporee. *Polyporus squamosus Fr. On living ash trees. P. varius Fr. *P, giganteus Fr. Both on dead stumps. *P, sulphureus Fr. *P. hispidus Fr. On living ash trunks. P. betulinus Fr. On birch. *P. fumosus F. On dead stump. Naturalist, Crossland: Fungi of Masham and Swinton. 27 Polyporus adiposus B.& Br. On soil, remains of twigs, etc. Polystictus versicolor Fr. On all kinds of dead wood. P. radiatus (Sow.) Fr. P. hirsutus Fr. P. velutinus Fr. Fomes fomentarius Fr. F. annosus Fr. On decaying tree root. F. applanatus Wallr. “F. ferruginosus (Fr.) Mass. Spreading extensively over old trunk lying in sawmill yard. *Poria vaporaria Fr. On dead branches. P. medulla-panis Fr. On dead decorticated trunks or branches. *P. blepharistoma B.& Br. On damp decaying branches. Pecallosasiar. P. sanguinolenta A.&S. Trametes serpens Fr. Deedalia quercina Pers. Merulius lacrymans Fr. On wood used in the structure of an outbuilding. HYDNACEE. *“Hydnum niveum Pers. H. argutum Fr. *“Grandinia granulosa Fr. All on decaying wood. CLA VARIACEE. Clavaria muscoides L. C. cinerea Bull. A very fine tuft. in woods. C. cristata Holmsk. C. inzequalis Flo.Dan. Amongst grass in pastures. C. vermicularis Scop. In pastures. Typhula erythropus Fr. From Sclerotiain dead herbaceous stems. Pistillaria puberula Berk. On damp rotting leaves of Ulmus montana. On the ground 1902 January 1. THELEPHORACEAE.. Thelephoree. Stereum hirsutum Fr. S. purpureum Pers. On dead wood. Corticium sambuci Fr. On elder bark. *C, sanguineum Fr. C. comedens Fr. On living branches of hazel. Hymenochete rubiginosa Lév. On dead wood. Cyphella Pimii Phil. C. capula Fr. Both on dead herbaceous stems. C. villosa Karst. On dead branches. C. dochmiospora B.& Br. Thelephora laciniata (Pers.). On the ground in woods, often enveloping twigs, grass, etc. TREMELLACEE. Tremellee. Ulocolla foliacea (Cke.) Bref. Tremella lutescens Pers. *T. mesenterica Retz. All on dead branches. * Dacryomyceteez. *Dacryomyces deliquescens Duby. *D. stillatulus Nees. Both plentiful on decorticated, or on worked wood. Protoclavarie@. Calocera viscosa Fr. C. cornea Fr. UREDINACE4.. Puccinee. *Uromyces polygoni (Pers. ). On Polygonum aviculare. Puccinia calthe Link. On Caltha palustris. P. variabilis Grev. On Taraxacum. *P, violze (Schum.) Wint. On Viola odorata. *P, pimpinellz (Straus.). On Myrrhis odorata. 28 Crossland: fungt of Masham and Swinton. *Puccinia menthe Pers. On Mentha in moist places in a wood. P. rubigo-vera (DC.). On Holcus mollis. P. poarum Niels. 4Ecidium on Tussilago. *P. caricis (Schum.) Wint. On Carex leaves. *P. hieracii (Schum. ). On Carduus palustris. *P. lychnidearum Link. On Lychnis diurna. *Triphragmium ulmarize (Schum.) Wint. On Spirzea ulmaria. *Phragmidium violaceum (Schultz.). On Rubus. *P. subcorticatum (Schum.). On Rosa. Melampsora farinosa Schreet. On Salix caprea. *M. epitea (Kze.&Schm.). On Salix viminalis. *Coleosporium sonchi (Pers.). On Petasites vulgaris. USTILAGINACE 45. Ustilago violacea (Pers.). On anthers of Lychnis diurna. ASCOMYCETE. (PYRENOMYCETZ..) PERISPORIACEA.. Erysiphee. *Spherotheca humile (DC.) Burr. On Alchemilla vulgaris. *S. pannosa Lévy. On Rosa (Oidium stage). Uncinula aceris (DC.) Sacc. On sycamore leaves. Microspheria grossulariz Lév. On gooseberry leaves. Erysiphe polygoni DC. On Lychnis diurnaand Heracleum sphondylium. *E. cichoracearum DC. On burdock= Arctium Lappa. SPHAERIACEA. Spherellez. *Spherella rumicis Desm. On Rumex acetosa. Pleosporee. Leptosphzeria doliolum (Pers. ). On dead herb stems. L. acuta Mont.&Nestl. Spheriez. Lasiosphzeria ovina Pers. On rotten wood. Sordarie2. Sordaria coprophila C.& DeN. S. minuta Fekl. On rabbit dung. Sporormia intermedia Awd. S. minima Awd. Both on rabbit dung. X YLARIA CEE. Xylaria hypoxylon L. On dead stumps, etc. VALSACE 4. *Eutypa lata Tul. DOTHIDEACE 2. Phyllachora junci Fr. On rush stems. P. graminis Fr. On leaves of Aira czspitosa. HYPOCREACE. Nectria cinnabarina Fr. N..coccinea Fr. On decorticated branches. N. aurea Grev. On rotting chip. *“Hypocrea rufa Pers. On worked wood. *Epichloé typhina Pers. On grass stems. Cordyceps militaris Fr. On dead pupz buried in the soil. Naturalist, Crossland: Fungi of Masham and Swinton. 209 (DISCOMYCET4E.) HELVELLACEA.. Geoglossez. Mitrula cucullata Batsch. On fallen leaves of Scotch fir. PEZIZACEE. *Peziza vesiculosa Bull. P. ochracea Boud. P. badia Pers. On the ground. P. pustulata Pers. Otidea aurantia (Pers.). O. luteo-nitens (B.& Br.) Mass. “Humaria Oocardii (Kalch.) Sacc. On twigs in water. H. granulata Sacc. On cow dung. *Lachnea scutellata (L.). On dead sticks in wet places. L. umbrorum (Cke.). On moist banks. Helotium claro-flavum (Grev.). On dead branch. H. ferrugineum (Schum.). On dead twigs. H. lenticulare (Bull.). On decaying stump. “HL. pallescens Fr. H. flavum (Klotz.). On dead branch. H. lutescens (Hedw.). On decaying moss-covered branch. H. salicellum Fr. On dead willow branch. H. virgultorum (Vahl.). On dead branches of birch and hazel. *H. cyathoideum (Bull.). On dead herbaceous stems. H. scutulum Karst. On dead herbaceous stems. forma rubi Rehm. On decaying stems of Rubus idzeus. H. herbarum (Pers.). On dead herbaceous stem. H. epiphyllum (Pers.). On the veins of rotten leaves. 1go2 January 1. H. phyllophilum (Desm.). On dead leaves of beech and oak. H. renisporum (Phil.) Ellis. On petioles and sometimes on the principal veins of dead oak leaves. H. fagineum (Pers. ). On beech mast; also on hazel husks. H. alniellum Karst. On decaying female catkins of alder. Cyathicula coronata (Bull.). On decaying herb stem; often nettles. *Chlorosplenium zruginosum (Ed. Some thick branches were stained a beautiful blue-green com- pletely through. *Mollisia atrata (Pers.). On decaying herbaceous stems. *M. cinerea (Batsch.) On decorticated wood. *M. melaleuca (Fr.) Sact. On wood. M. amenticola (Sacc.) Rehm. On female catkins of Alnus glutinosa =alder. Tapesia czesia (Pers. ) Fckl. On decorticated wood, from a spreading, white subiculum. *Dasyscypha virginea (Batsch.) Fckl. On wood, twigs, and herb stems. *D. nivea (Hedw.) Mass. On old root-wood. D. bicolor (Bull.). On dead branches. *D. acuum A.&S. On pine leaves. D. aspidicola (B.& Br.) Sacc. On dead rachis of bracken. *D. hyalina (Pers.) Mass. On decaying wood and bark. *D. calycina (Schm.)=P. Wilkommii. Erumpent on bark of twigs and branches of larch. D. subtilissima (Cke.) Sacc. On bark of firs.- Externally -much resembling the _ pre- ceding species, but at once recognised by its smaller spores. RO Crossland: Fungt of Masham and Swinton. Dasyscypha pygmea (Fr.) Sacc. Belonidium pruinosum (Jerd.) Mass. On Eutypa lata. ASCOBOLACE4:. Ascophanus equinus Mill. Ryparobius argenteus B.& Br. On rabbit dung. Ascobolus furfuraceus Pers. A. immersus Pers. DERMATACE 2. Cenangium dryinum (Cke.) Mass. BULGARIACEE. Ombrophila decolorans(Brk.&Crt. ). On decaying stump. *O. clavus (A.&S.) Cke. On decaying twigs in water. Orbilia vinosa (A.&S.) Karst. *O. leucostigma Fr. O. luteo-rubella (Nyl.) Karst. All on decaying wood. Coryne sarcoides (Jacq.). On decaying wood. PHACIDIACE4E. Stegia ilicis Fr. On dead holly leaves. *“Rhytisma acerinum Pers. *R. punctatum Pers. Both on sycamore leaves. PHYCOMYCETAE. MUCORACE 2. Mucoree. Mucor mucedo L. Spinellus fusiger V.T. On agaric. Pilobolus crystallinus Tode. ‘Common on cow dung. Cystopodace2. Cystopus candidus Lév. On Capsella=shepherd’s purse. ENTOMOPHTHORACEA:. Empusa muscz Cohn. Enveloping a dead fly. PERONOSPORACE2. “Phytophthora infestans DeBary. Attacking live potato-haulms. MYXOMYCETAE. MYXOMYCETACEE. Physaree. Physarum leucophzeum Fr. P. nutans Pers. Fuligo varians Somm. *Chondrioderma difforme (Pers.) Rost. Didymiec2. Didymium squamulosum Fr. forma genuinum Rost. Stemonitez. *Stemonites fusca Roth. *S. Friesiana DeBary. Tubulinee. Tubulina flexuosa Poir. Reticularie2. Reticularia lycoperdon Bull. Tricheez. Trichia fragilis Rost. T. varia Rost. T. chrysosperma DC. *T. fallax, Pers: T. affinis DeBary. Hemitrichia rubiformis (Pers.). Arcyrie2. Arcyria punicea Rost. A. nutans Grev. A. cinerea (Gmel.) Schum. Lycogalee. *Lycogala epidendron Rost. CERATIOMYXACEE. *Ceratiomyxa mucida Schreet. =Ceratium hydnoides A.&S. On rotten wood. DEUTEROMYCETA:. SPH4ERIOIDACEA.. Phoma nebularis Berk. P. samarorum Desm. On ash fruits. Ascochyta aceris Lib. On living leaves of sycamore. Naturalist, Crossland: Fungt of Masham and Swinton. 3 LEPTOSTROMACE 4. Leptothyrium ribis Lib. On fading leaves of red currant. EXCIPULACEA:. Dinemasporium graminum var. herbarum Cke. On decaying herbaceous stems. Pilidium acerinum Kze. On dead leaves of sycamore. HYPHOMYCETAE. MUCEDINACE 42. *Monilia aurea Genel. Cylindrium flavo-virens Bon. On dead oak leaves. Botryosporium pulchrum C. On decaying herbaceous stem in shaded places, as nettle beds, Cle. Trichoderma lignorum Harz. == il, qniniclo: Hersh On worked wood, or on cut surfaces of unworked. The conidial stage of Hypocrea rufa. Penicillium glaucum. Botrytis cinerea Pers. On decaying leaves. Sepedonium chrysospermum Fr. On decaying fungi. It appears to have a preference for living Boleti, which it soon stifles, but alsoattacks Lactarii and others. It is the conidial condition of Hypomyces chrysospermus. Verticillium agaricinum Corda. On decaying agaric. Possibly the conidial stage of some Hypomyces. *V. lateritium Berk. On decaying herbaceous stems. Dactylium dendroides Fr. On gills of living Cantharellus aurantiacus and other agarics. The Masham specimen was at first in a little round patch on the gills. The pileus of the Cantharellus was laid gills up- ward on a bed of moistened moss in a dish, and put in a 1902 January 1. cool places alt, was seen to gradually extend its borders in all directions. Its develop- ment was very rapid. In seven days it had completely en- veloped the agaric and spread over the moss to the extent of a couple of inches nearly all round. Conidia were produced in myriads. This mould is stated to be the conidial stage of Hypomyces rosellus Tul. The production of perithecia is being anxiously looked for. Cladosporium herbarum Link. On decaying grass leaves. Polythrincium trifolii K.&S. On fading leaves of clover. *Torula herbarum Link. On dead herbaceous stems. Stilbum tomentosum Schrad. Parasitic on Trichia. S. vulgare Tode. On wood. S. fimetarium B.& Br. On rabbit dung. Isaria farinosa Fr. On dead pupze. The conidial con- dition of Cordyceps militaris. I. floccosa Fr. On a dead grub which had crept inside a perforated empty shell of hazel nut. I. brachiata Schum. On decaying agaric. Tubercularia vulgaris Tode. Has a strong liking for fallen beech branches. The mycelium circumscribesthe wood beneath the bark and pushes through to the surface of the bark its coral- red tubercles of conidiophores and conidia. The conidial con- dition of Nectria cinnabarina. * 7Egerita candida Pers. On rotten wood in moist places. Volutella ciliata Fr. On decaying wood, twigs, etc. *Fusarium roseum Link. On decaying stems. *F. brassicze Thtim. On cabbage stalk. 2 Nv NOTES on DURHAM MAMMALS. Long-eared Bat in the Derwent Valley, Durham.-—In May 1899 a fine specimen of the Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritus) was shot near Rowlands Gill, by Mr. Robert Grey, of that village.—-J. W. FAWCETT, Satley, Darlington, 22nd November Igo1. Badgers in the Derwent Valley.—In the summer of 1899 a female Badger (JJeles meles) was caught near to the Broad Oak covers, between Whittonstall and Chopwell, and was kept in confinement for some time. This animal, once rare in the Derwent Valley, is now becoming fairly common, and has established itself in many places, and especially in the woods of the Hixhope dene, near Muggleswick, the Flandersbrough woods on the Derwent, near the same village, the woods near Alansford, the woods of Milkwell Burn, and Gibside woods. On 11th June 1901, three Badgers—a mother and two young—were dug out of a hole in a wood on the Durham side of the Derwent Valley, a little above Alansford.—J. W. FAWCETT, Satley, Darlington, 22nd Nov. tgot. + <___ NOTES on YORKSHIRE BIRDS. Black Redstart near Scarborough. —A nice specimen of the Black Redstart (Ruticilla tithys) 2 has come into my possession. It was shot at Scarborough on 15th November.—R. FORTUNE, Harrogate, 19th Nov. rgot. Montagu’s Harrier in Yorkshire.—I have added to my collection a good specimen of Montagu’s Harrier (Czvcus cineraceus) 8 which unfor- tunately met its death by being caught in a trap at Bickley on 26th April.— R. FORTUNE, Harrogate, 19th November Igol. ee NOTE on DURHAM BIRDS. Hoopoe in the County of Durham.—In the month of June 1go1 a fine specimen of the Hoopoe (Upupa epops) was wantonly shot in Chopwell Woods, in the Derwent Valley, in the County of Durham, by a pot-hunter. It is a great pity that such characters, who, for the selfish pleasure of exhibiting the carcase of a rare bird in a glass case, and so depriving the rest of people of the delight of seeing the bird in its natural state, cannot be severely punished.—J. W, FAWCETT, Satley, Darlington, 22nd Nov. igor. > NOTE on CUMBERLAND COLEOPTERA. Euryporus picipes near Carlisle.—On znd November last I had the pleasure of taking a single specimen of the very rare Staphylinid Beetle, Euryporus picipes Pk., near here. The locality was a piece of waste land overgrown with Heather (Polytrichum and Sphagnum) bordering on a Fir wood close to the village of Durdar. It was taken by teasing Sphagnum over a sheet of brown paper.—JAs. Murray, 11, Close Street, Carlisle, 11th December rgo1. : Se NOTES on LEPIDOPTERA. Death’s Head Moth in Durham.—A beautiful specimen of the Death's Head Moth (Acherontia atropos) was captured at Castlesides by Mr. Charles Almond, of Consett, on Saturday, 8th June 1901.—J. W. FAWCETT, Satley, Darlington, 22nd November toot. Death’s Head Moth in South Northumberland.—On Monday even- ing, 14th October r1go1, a fine specimen of a Death’s Head Moth (Acherontia atropos), measuring five inches from tip to tip of wing, with the length of body 23% inches, was captured in the Vicarage garden, at Haydon Bridge, by Mr. J. H. Mandell, jun., a rare occurrence for this season of the year.— J. W. FAWCETT, Satley, Darlington, 22nd Nov. rgo1. Naturalist, LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt. SECOND SERIES now ready, post free, Is. 2d. ; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, Ambleside. On the 1st of every Month, greatly enlarged, price 1s. Sa. ; The Journal of Botany, BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 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They have given a short introductory exposition of the principles by which they have been guided, and an excellent brief sketch of the physical aspects of Yorkshire, and the summary of the results of their investigation of its Vertebrata. The little book is a most valuable contribution to British zoologi- cal literature. —daz. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ‘The work is an excellent one of its kind.’ —A thenazum, Please mention ‘ The Naturalist’ in replying to Advertisements. Sa 1 FEB.1902 FEBRUARY 1902. 3 No. 541. (Published Ist February 1902). (No. 819 of current series.) (PR. Uh i sul i Ser z MONTHLY JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., 259, Hype Park Roap, LEEpDs; WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S., ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., JOHN W. TAYLOR, F.L.S., CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., W. B. TURNER, F.R.M.S. Contents :— PAGES. Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire—S. Lrstex Petty .. ae a Bo ey! List of Lincolnshire Hepatics—J/7ss S. C. Stow . ns a a ze Bue oe ae) Lincolnshire Freshwater Alge—/. Larder... oA vat # ss ES Pra <5 9-0 Some Flower Features of the Southern Ainsty—/. Arnold Lees, M.R.C.S., etc. 65-64 Note en Coleoptera :—Chrysomela gcettingensis in South Yorkshire—Z. G. Bay ford, 64. Notes on Yorkshire Lepidoptera:—Proposed Supplement to the ‘ List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera —Geo. T. Porritt, P.L.S., &.E.S., 62; Hermaphroditism in Crocallis elinguaria—William Hewett, 62; Eupithecia isogrammata at Doncaster: an Addition to the Yorkshire County List—Geo. 7. Porritt, F.L.S., F.E.S., 62; Lepidoptera Captured near Middlesbrough in r901—7. Ashton Lofthouse, 62. LONDON : Bovere REEVE & Co. .LTD., 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. Cnuorrtey & -Pickersci.t, THE Enecrric Press, CooKRiIDGE Srreer, LEEDS. PRICE SIXPENCE NET. BY POST SEVENPENCE. Annual Subscription 6s. 6d. post free; through Booksellers, 6s. Net. THE NATURALIST. BOOKS RECEIVED. Nottingham Naturalists’ Society.—48th Annual Report, for 1899-1900. [The Society. W. W. Watts, Secretary.—Photographs of Geological Interest in the United Kingdom, eleventh report, Igo1. [The Author. The Naturalists’ Directory, for 1902-3. publ. 25.1.’02. [L. Upcott Gill, Publ., Lond. Bicher-Verzeichniss von R. Friedlander & Sohn.—No. 441, Geologie und Geognosie, I., Allgemeine Geologie und Geognosie, received 12th January 1902. [ Publishers. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc.—Mem. and Proc., Vol. 46, Pt. 1, Dec. 1901. [Soc. Journal of Malacology, Vol. 8, No. 4, 30th Dec. 1go1. [W. E. Collinge, Editor. Annals of Scottish Nat. Hist., No. 41, for January 1902. [The Editors, Edinburgh. Lincolnshire Notes and Queries, Vol. 7, No. 53, for January 1902. [The Editors. Entomological Society of London.—Transactions, 1901, Part 4, 3eth Dec. 1901. [Soc. 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Soc.—No. 64, January 19¢e2. [The Society. Hobbies, Vol. 10, Nos. 322-324, 14th, 21st, and 28th Dec. igor. [The Publishers. Entomologists’ Record, Vol. 14, No. 1, 15th January 1902. [J. W. Tutt, Editor. Science Gossip, N.S., Vol. 8, No. 92, for Jan. 1902. [John T. Carrington, Editor. Knowledge, Vol. 25, No. 195, for January 1902. .[H. F. Witherby, Ed., London. The Zoologist, 4th Series, Vol. 5, No. 727, 15th Jan. 1902. [West, Newman &Co., Publ. Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. 11, No. 115, January 1902. [Charles Mosley, Editor. The Nautilus, Vol. 15, No. 9, for January 1902. [H. A. Pilsbry, ete., Editors. Psyche: Journ. of Entom., No. 309, forJan. 1902. [Cambridge Ent. Club, U.S.A. The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 11, No. 1, for January 1902. [The Editors, Dublin. Nature Notes, Vol. 13, No. 145, for January 1902. [Selborne Society, London. Peterborough N.H., etc., Soc.—Precis of 28th Ann. Rep. 31st Dec. 1899. [Society. Plymouth Institution.—Ann. Rep. and Trans., Vol. 13, Part 1, 1898-9. [The Inst. Aquila, Hungarian Journal of Ornithoiogy, 8th Vol., r901. [Magy. Ornith. K6ézp. Ott6 Herman.—Madarvédelem ; 4to. reprint, 1got. [Magy. Ornith. Kézp. Jészef Jablonowski.—A Varjak Mezégazdasagi Jelentésége ; 4to. reprint, Igor. [Magy. Ornith. Kdzp. Otté Herman.—A Madarak Hasznardl és Kararél ; 4to. reprint, 19o0r. [Magy. Ornith. Kézp. Istvan Chernel.—A Feny6rig6é (Turdus pilaris) Fészkelése ] Magyarorszagon ; 4to. reprint, 1QOl. | Magy. Ornith. K6zp. Gaal Gaston Gyulai.—Phalaropus lobatus a Balaton Maddrfaundjdban, 4to. reprint, 1901. [Magy. Ornith. Kozp. G. S. West.—On the Sensory Pit of the Crotalinze, 8vo. reprint, 1gor. [ Author. G. S. West.—On some British Freshwater Rhizapods and Heliozoa; 8vo. reprint, 1gOI. [ Author. C. W. Benson.—Our Irish Song Birds; 2nd edition, 8vo., cloth, 1gor. [Hodges, Figgis & Co., Publ. Edward T. Connold.—British Vegetable Galls ; 4to., cloth, 1901. [Hutchinson & Co., Publ. Exchange.—Aelix nemoralis and H. hortensis—variations in colour, banding, etc., wanted. Notes of observations upon these species gratetully accepted. Ex- change given in other British forms.—CHAs. PANNELL, jun., East Street, Haslemere, Surrey. Birds of the Isle of Man.—Being engaged in the collection of material for a work on Manx Birds, I would gratefully receive and acknowledge informa- tion bearing on the subject, or references to books, periodicals, ete., in which — such occur, and which may not have come under my notice.—P. RALFE, The Parade, Castletown, Isle of Man. 33 SOME PLANTS OF SILVERDALE, WEST LANCASHIRE. Sig EARS DIE IRDA IE NG Ulverston. For some reason the Silverdale area, like that of Leck,* seems to have been neglected except by the rarity hunter and Messrs. Wilson and Wheldon. Occasionally parties of members of local natural history societies have visited the district, but their records are usually so loosely given as to be, for list purposes, worthless. In attempting to include the rather scattered references in the Exchange Club’s issues, a difficulty presented itself which I have been unable to overcome; some of these issues are, seemingly, neither to be borrowed nor bought, therefore I know not what they contain, and if any record is omitted, it is to be Heoretted, but so it must be. The area of Silverdale proper is marked on Ordnance 6-inch Map, 18, Lancashire. It runs from a stream in the Saltmarsh called The Pool, along the railway to the road near the station, along this road to Trowbarrow, running along the Trough to> White Scar between the tarns at Hawes Water. From thence almost straight along — north-west to the county boundary stone near Cold Well Limeworks. From there westward over the moss to the railway, following it to a lane from Middle- barrow Quarry (some 600 feet from the boundary wall at Waterslack Wood), then up through Waterslack and Eaves Wood, keeping to the wall; over Castlebarrow, and down to the shore at Wall End. Round the shore, across the marsh below Heald Brow to Quakers’ Stang, and so to the railway again. On account of several old records, Little Hawes Water _has been included in Silverdale, though really in Yealand Red- mayn, and less than 1,000 yards from the line over White Scar. . The formation is limestone. : I have to express my great indebtedness to Messrs. A. Milgong eh lS. and j., A. Wheldon, F.L.S.. Mr. Wilson allowed me to use a list of his; this is indicated by the initials ‘A. W.’ Mr. Wheldon, besides helping the list, kindly read for me some of the issues of the Bot. Exchange Club which I could morsee. Mr. |. Cosmo. Melvill, F.L.S., and Mr. Arthur Bennett, F.L.S., have both been good enough to examine species for,me; and the latter also searched the Record Club and Exchange Club's S Plants: of ects VC... 60, aoe Neataralicee March and Nga ae rgoz February 1. © 34 Petty: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. issues. The former gentleman also allowed some of his finds to be included. BIBLIOGRAPHY.—1688. Ray, Fasciculus. 1719. Derham, Philos. Letters of Ray, for Lawson’s letter to Ray, April 1688. 1775. Jenkinson,* Description of British Plants. 1843. The Phytologist—quoted here in place of Newman’s Ferns, as I have no access to that book. 1859. Moore and Bradbury, Nature Printed Ferns, 8vo. ed. 1864. Botanists’ Chronicle. C. J. Ash- field’s list. (1869) Aspland’s Guide to Grange. Anthony Mason’s list. 1883. Watson, Top. Botany, ed. ii. 1885. Baker’s Flora of Lake District, two records by Miss Beever. 1897. The Naturalist, April. 1898. Journal of Botany. Of the issues of Bot. Exchange Club, Botanical Record Club, Watson Exchange Club, there are still a few to see to ensure completeness. Thalictrum flavum L. Ditch near Silverdale Station, A. W. Ditch-side on Silverdale Moss, and in field side of road to Middlebarrow Crossing, but in West Lance., 1go1. Anemone nemorosa L. Eaves Wood and other woods and lane-sides. Ranunculus Drouetii Godr. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, [8Si-2,) p. 163. Ditch inean: Aunside NowermWasmalleyes Mir. Lees!) wrote me that the locality is) reallyaamm NViese ancs., near the railway line. Ranunculus heterophyllus Fr. var. submersus. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, p. 203. ‘ Ditch by railway between Silverdale and Arnside, in that portion of the district within the boundary of West Lancashire, Chas. Bailey.’ Ranunculus peltatus Schr. Stream: from Burton Well. Ranunculus hzderaceus L. Bank Well. Ranunculus sceleratus L. Side of The Pool, just over Quick- sand Pool Bridge, 1gor. Ranunculus Flammula L. Stream from Little to Great Hawes Tarn. Ranunculus auricomus L. Frequent in the district, A. W. * J. JENKINSON.—Some years ago I tried to get some particulars of him and failed. Messrs. Britten and Boulger, in their ‘Index of British and Irish Botanists,’ fared no better. The following copy of his tombstone inscription at Yealand Conyers, was kindly obtained for me by a gentleman in the district:—‘Sacred | to the Memory of | James Jenkinson, Esq. | Yealand Conyers, | who departed this life | 15 October 1808 | having nearly completed his 7oth vear | and according to his request was interred here.’ Naturalist, Petty. Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. iS) Gt Ranunculus acris L. Road-side near Great Tarn. Ranunculus repens L. Foot of walls in village. Ranunculus bulbosus L. In field near station. - Ranunculus Ficaria L. Common in the District, A. W. Caltha palustris L. About Burton Well, Bank Well, and Little Hawes Tarn. Helleborus viridis L. Mr. Wilson told me he had heard that this species grew years ago in an old orchard (now gone wild) at Silverdale. We have both seen it there this season. Aquilegia vulgaris L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. ‘ Abundant, woods and hedge banks,’ C. J. Ashfield. Castlebarrow ; Waterslack Wood. Berberis vulgaris L. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, p- 248. ‘Amongst limestone rocks, Heald Brow, Silver- dale,’ A. Wilson. Nymphea lutea L. 77S eenlicinsomy sprit. (Pb ni 2: ‘Hairs Water.’ He does not say which tarn; on Little Hawes it is abundant. Castalia speciosa Salisb. 1775. J. Jenkinson, Brit. Plants, Pier ooOut mars Vater.) Dhere still. Papaver Rhoeas L. Near the station, A. W. Amongst oats, near Cray Green. Papaver dubium L. Near the station, A. W. (Glaucium fiavum Crantz. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. Sea shore, © |. Ashfield in his list of Silverdale plants. He included species from Arnside, and as I have not seen it here, or heard of it from Arnside, if any reader has seen it in the latter locality will he kindly communicate.) Chelidonium majus L. (1864. Bot. Chron., 73. ‘ Hedge bank meamnitctorna Inn, ©. |. Ashheld?, “Where 4s this?) Seen about Silverdale, A. W. Outside a cottage near Cray Green. Road-side near last house before Silverdale Moss Road. Fumaria Borei Jord. Oat field outside path, Cray Green to side of Hagg Wood, 1901. Specimen seen by Mr. Wilson. Border of the field which contains Little Hawes Tarn, 1808. Fumaria officinalis L. Field border near Hagg Wood, root. Hedge side near Little Hawes Tarn, 1808. Cheiranthus Cheiri L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. ‘Cliff on coast between Silverdale and Arnside Point,’ C. J. Ashfield. Three plants in cleft of rock (just below the wall) between Cove and Westmorland boundary, 1808. 1902 February t. 36 Petty: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. Nasturtium officinale R.Br. Side of stream from Burton Well and other places. Arabis hirsuta Scop. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. ‘Not uncommon by road-sides, on rocks, banks, etc.,’ C. J. Ashfield. Fre- quent, A. Wilson; and so I found it, fine on Castlebarrow. Cardamine pratensis L. Side of stream near Burton Well, etc. Cardamine hirsuta .. Side of feeder, Great Tarn. _Cardamine impatiens L. 1883. Watson, Top. Bot., ed. ii., p--4. ) V.€..jo0, ‘West:Laincs. , J.-C.) Melville viel val kindly tells me he gathered the plant in the Silverdale district in 1868. Erophila brachycarpa Jord. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1OOl-2)) py 240-4 Silverdale, Aqw VVilson: Cochlearia officinalis L. Saltmarsh at Silverdale, A. W. Hesperis matronalis L. Border of Hawes Tarn, 1868, J. C. Melvill. Sisymbrium officinale Scop. Road-sides, Silverdale village. Sisymbriaum Alfiaria Scop. Hedge- and road-sides. | Brassica Sinapistrum Boiss. Cultivated ground and road- sides; far too common. Bursa Bursa-pastoris Web. Road- and field-sides. Lepidium hirtum Sm. Side of road near old church. Cakile maritima Scop. A few plants only, near the Cove. Reseda Luteola L. Ina field near Silverdale Station, 2nd July 1900. Helianthemum Chamecistus Mill. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. “Rocks, very abundant, €. J. Ashfheld. = Frequent, A: Wilson. Everywhere common, from shore level to 250 on Castlebarrow. Viola palustris L. Road-side, Challan Hall to Tarn, but nearer Tarn. Viola hirta L. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, p. 248. ‘Woods, Silverdale,’ A. Wilson. Lane-side, near Tarn, and in Magstone Wood, etc. Viola Riviniana Reich. Edge of Eaves Wood; named at sight only, no specimen kept, 1808. - Viola tricolor L. Eaves Wood clearing; side of feeder to Great Tarn. Polygala serpyllacea Weihe. From shore bank to high up on Castlebarrow. Naturalist, Petty. Some- Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. aa Silene Cucubalus Wibel. On shore, and lining many lane- sideswecron. Red) Bridge Lane. . Silene maritima With. Frequent, A. W. On the shore. Lychnis alba Mill. Near Burton Well, A. W. Ina meadow, on path between Hollin Lane and Heald Brow. On road- side opposite Holly House, a few plants, 1001. Lychnis dioica L. Eaves Wood; side of Little Hawes Tarn, and road-sides. Lychnis Flos-cuculi L.. Side of stream near Burton Well, and in the fields near Bank Well. Cerastium glomeratum Thuil. Road-side near Challan Hall and near Tarn. Stellaria media Cyr. Foot of walls in village, etc. Stellaria Holostea L. Hedge-side in Cove Lane; wood-side sound Wittic’ Larn: Stellaria uliginosa Murr. Side of Little Tarn. Arenaria verna L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. Hilly pastures, imeguemt, ©.) je Ashtield; Frequent, A. W. I. should. say common from shore bank. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Fields near shore; hard margin of Great Tarn. Var. leptocilados Guss. Side of Bottoms Lane. Specimen seen by Messrs. Wheldon and Wilson. Arenaria peploides L. Shore, A. W. Seen. Sazgina procumbens L. Road-side, Jenny Brown’s Point and inadern | A weed, carden walks, Cray. Green. Buda media Dum. and B. marina Dum. On the shore, but sparsely distributed. Alypericum perforatum 1. Eaves Wood and road-sides. Alypericum quadratum Stokes. Near the Tarn. ffypericum humifusum L. On the edge of the Common, near the Darn, etc.. - Hypericum pulchrum LL. Castlebarrow and other localities. Hypericum hirsutum L. Eaves Wood. Hypericum montanum L. Rough pastures between Burton and Bank Wells. Malva moschata L. Side of lane near Oak Cottage. Malva sylvestris L. Outside Bottoms—a farm; on shore bank. 1902 February r. 38 Petty: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. Geranium sanguineum LL. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. Dry woods and rocky places, C. J. Ashfield. Eaves Wood; Waterslack Wood. Seen also by Mr. Wilson. Geranium pratense L. Silverdale Moss Road, lining road- side, beyond last house. Road-side, outside a garden, Silverdale ; an escape here. Geranium molle L. Eaves Wood and many road-sides. Geranium dissectum L. Eaves Wood and road-sides. Geranium columbinum L. Hedge-side near cemetery ; and just off shore, Cove ; shore foot of Heald Brow, toot. Geranium lucidum L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. Old walls, very abundant, C. J. Ashfield. I can but echo this. Geranium Robertianum LL. Elmslack, etc. White flowered form, Burton Well Scroggs, 1898 and root. Mr. Wilson tells me he has seen all these Geraniums. Erodium cicutarium LHerit. A few plants on ground near Jenny Brown’s Point, 1got. Oxalis Acetosella L. Eaves Wood and hedge banks. Ilex Aquifolium L. Eaves Wood and on the limestone scars. Euonymus europzus L. 1864. Bot. Chon., 73. Woods and hedges, frequent, C.J." Ashfield?” 18755 Ixep= Bot Rec, Club: 1874." Silverdale, ‘©. Bailey. ~ Silverdalleg. VVe In all the woods and many hedges. Rhamnus catharticus L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 73. Woods and hedges, frequent, C. J. Ashfield. Fine in hedges near the Darn, 1898. Seen)there; A.W. Rhamnus Frangula L. Seen at Silverdale, A. W. Hedge near Great Tarn, but not so frequent as previous species. Acer Pseudo-platanus L. Eaves and other woods. Seedlings spring up plentifully but of course originally introduced. Genista tinctoria L. Silverdale, A. W. Ulex europzus L. Shore bank and other places. Ononis repens L. Road-side near station. Trifolium pratense L. Many road-sides; fine in lane to Burton Well. Trifolium medium L. Road-side near Elmslack. Trifolium procumbens L. From shore level upwards. Trifolium dubium Sibth. From shore level upwards. Anthyllis Vulneraria L. From shore level upwards. Lotus corniculatus L. From shore level upwards. Naturalist, 4 ‘ - : Petty. Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. 39 Lotus crassifolius Pers. Shore. Lotus uliginosus Schk. Side of railway line at Trowbarrow. Hippocrepis comosa L. Shore bank. Rocks near Jenny Brown’s Point. Vicia hirsuta Gray. Trowbarrow and other places. Vicia Cracca L. Waterslack hedges. Vicia sepium L. Field hedges near Elmslack. Lathyrus pratensis LL. Fine in field opposite Vicarage, 1808. Prunus spinosa L. Castlebarrow, and in woods and hedges. Prunus Avium L. A fine tree at Trowbarrow. Hanging over from a field into Hollin Lane—in good fruit—rgot. Spirea Ulmaria L. Wood Well, and in coppice close by. Spirza Filipendula L. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, p- 210. Pasture near Silverdale Station, A. Wilson. Very fine on the rough ground between Bank and Burton Wells. Rubus Idzus L. Eaves Wood, etc. Silverdale, Messrs. Wheldon and Wilson. Rubus pulcherrimus Neum. Silverdale, J. Wheldon in J. of B., October 1898. Rubus rusticanus Mere. Silverdale, Mr. Wheldon in letter. Rubus Sprengelii Weihe. Silverdale, Mr. Wheldon in letter. Rubus leucostachys Schl. J. A. Wheldon in Rep. Bot. Ex. Club, 1898, and J. of B., October 1898. Rubus pallidus Bab. J. A. Wheldon in Rep. Bot. Ex. Club, 1898, and J. of B., October 1898. Rubus rosaceus (sp. col.?). Silverdale, J. A. Wheldon in letter. Rubus corylifolius Sm. var. sublustris. J. A. Wheldon in Rep. Bot. Ex. Club, 1898. Rubus cesius L. Messrs. Wheldon and Wilson. Castle- barrow; Eaves Wood. Rubus saxatilis L. 1887. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1884-5-6, p. 90. Rocky woods above Hawes Water, Silverdale, A. Wilson. Geum urbanum \L. Eaves Wood and road-sides. Geum rivale L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Marshes, frequent, C. J. Ashfield. Side of stream from Burton Well, 1898- IQOl. Fragaria vesca L. In profusion on White Scar, between the tarns. Potentilla Fragariastrum Ehrh.. Everywhere common. 1402 February r. 40 Petty: Some Plants of Stlverdale, West Lancashire. Potentilla verna L. 1885. Baker, Flora of Lake District, 78. Silverdale, Miss Susan Beever. Potentilla sylvestris Neck. Common, as is Potentilla Anserina L. Alchemilla vulgaris 1. Side of path, Oak Cottage to shore, Se Agrimonia Eupatoria L. Trowbarrow; road-side near Challan Hall; Magstone Wood and shore rocks outside. Poterium Sanguisorba L., 1864. Bot. Chron., 74> < “Dry. pastures,” frequent, C.~ J. Ashfield)” ~~ ‘Road=siges; mete. common. Poterium officinale Hook.fil. Castlebarrow; White Scar ; Heald Brow. Near Wood Well. Rosa spinosissima L. Eaves Wood; Castlebarrow ; common near Wood Well. Pyrus rupicola Syme. As Aria Theophrasti Ger., 1688. Ray, Fascic., 26. Silverdale, T. Lawson; and often repeated. As 2. rupicola, 1872. Rep. Bot: Ex: Club, 1aja5 g...14- Silverdale, C. Bailey; and repeated 1875. Rep. Bot. Ex. “Club, 1872-3-4, p. 163 and repeated 1675. Repeber ince Club, 1874, pp. 44 and 58. Exposed >dimesiome rocks, Silverdale, Chas. Bailey. On limestone rocks and in the woods, Silverdale, A. Wilson. From shore rocks to high up on Castlebarrow, say over 250 feet. Pyrus Aucuparia Ehrh. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Woods, common, C. J. Ashfield. Eaves Wood, etc. Pyrus Malus L. In wood near Great Tarn, and in hedges. Crataegus Oxyacantha L. Hedges and trees everywhere— possibly some really monogyna Jacq., but no flowers seen. Cotoneaster integerrimus Medic. Foot of a boulder near Wood Well, in flower. Bird sown? 1901. One small plant on road-side between Jenny Brown's and Gibraltar, in flower, I90T. Saxifraga tridactylites L. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, p. 248. Limestone rocks, Silverdale, A. Wilson. Castle- barrow, fine. Parnassia palustris L. 1864. Bot. Chron:, 1864, p. 74. Bogs, frequent, C. J. Ashfield. I have not met with this species, but am told it grows about the Great Tarn. Rides Grossularia L. In hedges, Hollin Lane ; Scout Wood ; near the station, etc. Bird sown? _ Naturalist, a ES pad. a. Petty: Some Plants of Silverdule, West Lancushire. AI Ribes nigrum L. -In hedge near Burton Well. Sedum Telephium LL. Side of road between the Row and Chapel Lane. Shore rocks below Magstone Wood, in bud, 22nd June 1gol. Sedum sexangulare L. Garden escape, on a wall near Cray Green. On railway bridge between Ford Lane and Water- slack Road. Sedum acre L. Common from shore to top of Castlebarrow. Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Bank Well; Tarn feeder. Epilobiam hirsutum L. Wedge ditches about Great Tarn. Epilobium parviflorum L. Gathered from a stone heap, Trowbarrow Quarry. Epilobium montanum L. Eaves Wood and hedge-sides. Circza lutetiana L. Eaves Wood; foot of rock near Wood Well, and other places. | Hydrocotyle vulgaris. LL. Bank Well. Great Tarn; damp place on Saltmarsh below Magstone Wood, igot. Sanicula europea L. Eaves Wood, and possibly every other. Conium maculatum L. Near the station, Silverdale, A. W. Apium nodiflorum Reichb. Bank Well. Conopodium denudatum Koch. Everywhere common. Cherophyillum temulum L. Cove Lane. Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. Near Waterslack Farm. Crithmum maritimum L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. | Cliffs between Silverdale and Arnside Point, occasionally, C. J: Ashfield. Gone there now, at least on the Silverdale area. CEnanthe LachenaliiC.Gmel. Saltmarsh east of Jenny Brown’s Point, Aw W. (Enanthe crocata L. 1875. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1874, p. 44. Silverdale. I much regret having omitted to copy the name of the finder. Angelica sylvestris L. Near Burton Well, and other places. Heracleum Sphondylium L. Clearings in Eaves Wood. Daucus Carota L. From shore upwards. fledera Helix \. On rocks, Castlebarrow, etc.; on. trees, Eaves Wood. Cornus sanguinea L. Frequent, A. W. Waterslack, Eaves, | and Hage Woods, and in many hedges. (As C. Mas L. | 43872. Jkep: Bot. Ex. Club., Silverdale, C. Bailey:) | | Sambucus nigra L. Eaves Wood and in hedges. 1902 February 1. 42 Petty : Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. Viburnum Opulus L._ Fine near Great Tarn, Eaves Wood, etc. Lonicera Periclymenum L. Woods and hedges; fine on Castlebarrow. Lonicera Xylosteum L. Fine in Eaves Wood, but from its position, outside a garden wall, and its companions, probably of garden origin. Galium Cruciata Scop. On almost every road-side. Galium verum L. From shore upwards. Some plants much infested by a gall, Avzophyes galiobius Can. ? Galium Mollugo L. From shore upwards; fine on common near Tarn. Galium sylvestre Poll. Castlebarrow. Galium palustre .. Side of stream between Burton Well and second field below. Galium Witheringii (Sm.). 1887.7 Rep.) botwekeen © ub, 1884-5-6, p. 99. Near Silverdale, A. Wilson. Galium Aparine L. Common almost everywhere. Asperula odorata L. 1864... Bot: whronyy 74 2 ioods: abundant, C. J. Ashfield. Eaves Wood, Waterslack Wood and others, and in cOpPIES beyond south-east end of White Scar. Asperula cynanchica L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Hill-sides and rocky places, plentiful; abundant below the ‘ Trough,’ Trowbarrow, “C.J. Ashfield] ” Silverdale,) Aj We] “es. plentiful from shore bank to high on Castlebarrow. Sherardia arvensis L. At shore end of Cove Lane amongst rubbish ; under first gate into Magstone Wood, from the path to shore from main road. Valeriana dioica L. Ditches about Burton Well; road-side ditch above Challan Hall. Valerianella olitoria Poll. Hilly ground, Silverdale, frequent, A. W. Scabiosa Succisa L. Field near Burton Well, etc. Scabiosa Columbaria LL. Silverdale, frequent, A. W. Scabiosa arvensis L. Common at Silverdale, A. W. Side of new road, above smithy, etc. Eupatorium cannabinum LL. Ditches near Tarn, ete. Solidago Virgaurea \.. Eaves and other woods, common. Bellis perennis L. Aster Tripolium L. Saltmarsh, Silverdale, A. W. N Banos Petty : Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashtre. A3 Erigeron acre L_- On one of the hills, Silverdale, A. W: Mr. Wilson has given me, of course,a more exact locality. Antennaria dioica R.Br. Limestone hills, Silverdale, A. W., Castlebarrow, for instance. For some reason trippers who visit the district almost always pull up this species, so it is quite gone from one locality. Inula Conyza DC. Shore rocks foot of Heald Brow, Igot. Near Challan Hall; Castlebarrow ; Trowbarrow. Achillea Millefolium L. Road-sides and fields. Achillea Ptarmica L. Field near Burton Well, etc. Chrysanthemum segetum L. A few plants in Eaves Wood clearing, 1898. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. Sadly too common. Chrysanthemum Parthenium Pers. An escape, about quarry near Bottoms. Matricaria inodora L. Amongst rubbish on shore at Cove. Tussilago Farfara L. Edge of Eaves and Waterslack Woods, and near Tarn and on road-sides. Senecio vulgaris L. Common enough. Senecio Jacobza L. Lower slopes of Castlebarrow ; Silverdale Carlina vulgaris L. Silverdale, rather common, A. W. Top of Castlebarrow, 270 feet. Arctium minus Bernh. (Taken as mznus, not in flower.) Eaves Wood. Carduus pycnocephalus LL. Coast near Brown's Houses, A. W. Cnicus lanceolatus Willd. and C. arvensis Hoffm. Common from just above shore level. Serratula tinctoria L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Plantation behind blacksmith’s shop, C. J. Ashfield. Still there, 1808- IgOl. Centaurea nigra L. Rough ground near Bank Well, and on road-sides. Centaurea Scabiosa L. Near top of sea cliffs, south of Silver- dale, and near the station, A. W. Centaurea Cyanus L. Corn-fields, Silverdale, but rare, A. W. In an oat-field near Cray Green, rgor. 1902 February t. Aw Petty: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. Lapsana communis LL. Eaves Wood, and on walls and dry banks. Crepis virens L. Booked without locality, 1808. Hieracitum Pilosella L. Road-side near Elmslack and other road-sides. Hieracium murorum L. What I took for this, on rocks beyond Cove, 1808. ! Leontodon hirtus L. Near Burton Well, A. W. Leontodon hispidus L. and L. autumnalis L.. Road-sides and fields. = Taraxacum officinale Web. and Sonchus oleraceus L. Very common. Tragopogon pratense L.- Fine at Trowbarrow, 1898. Grow- ing outside Silverdale Station, in road-side, 1goo0. Campanula rapunculoides L. 1897. Naturalist (April). Mr. F. A. Lees chronicles this as found near Little Hawes Tarn, 1881, by Miss K. Pickard. I saw in 1898 some drawn, delicate-looking Campanulas in a clearish place in the wood around the Little Tarn, possibly this species. Campanula latifolia L. What I take to be this, but not in flower, 24th June 1901, Bottoms Wood. Campanula rotundifolia L. Side of Eaves Wood, etc. Calluna Erica DC. and Erica cinerea L. From shore bank to high on Castlebarrow. Armeria maritima Willd. Saltmarsh near Silverdale, A. W. On the marsh from near railway to Westmorland boundary. Primula acaulis L. Eaves Wood, etc. Primula acaulis x P. veris. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Recorded by Ashtield as 2: elatzor, and) ol) frequent joceummence= Castlebarrow, fine. Primula veris L. On road-side near Challan Hall, and on Burton Well Scroggs, in quantity. Primula farinosa L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Boggy places about Hawes Tarn, C. J. Ashfield, and often repeated. Still EMene yn QO: Lysimachia Nummularia L. Road-side, Silverdale to Jenny Brown’s Point, A. W. Glaux maritima LL. Shore. Anagallis arvensis LL. Near the station, A. W. Fine in clearing, Eaves Wood. Road-side near Gibraltar. Naturalist, Petty: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. 45 Anagallis tenella L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74.. Boggy ground near Hawes Tarn, C. J. Ashfield. Fraxinus excelsior L. On the hill-sides and woods. Ligustrum vulgare L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Apparently wild, C. J. Ashfield. Looks so on Castlebarrow and on shore rocks near Brown’s Houses. Erythrzea Centaurium Pers. Castlebarrow; Eaves Wood; shore foot of Heald Brow; ground about Wood Well. Gentiana Amarella L. Lower slopes of Castlebarrow. Symphytum asperrimum Wild. A cultivated fodder plant. Escape in Eaves Wood, from a cultivated patch. One plant, side of Town Field pathway, 1898. Four plants, 1901. Myosotis cespitosa F. Schultz. Near Tarn. Myosotis palustris Rehl. Shore bank, and on old pier or landing-place. Myosotis arvensis L. Near Silverdale Station, A. W. Side of path below Castlebarrow. Myosotis versicolor Reichb. Near the well at Wood Well. Lithospermum officinale L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Between pe Darns, ©.-|. Ashfield. Hedge bank near Great: Tarn, 1898. Hedge side, Red Bridge Lane, from station. Mr. Wheldon records it between Silverdale and Carnforth. I saw it in plenty on the road to Warton. Volvulus sepium Jung. In hedges, near houses, e.g., Water- slack. Convolvulus arvensis .. Side of railway line at Trowbarrow. Solanum Dulcamara L. Eaves Wood, and on almost every road-side. Lycium barbarum L. Wood, near Burton Well Scar, quite naturalised now. Atropa Belladonna L. Fine on common near Challan Hail, Lagos) MLOst of it cut down now, 1901. (One plant on RViatte Scar, 1901. One plant, Drowbarrow, 1807, W. Deason. A fine plant amongst brushwood on shore bank, 1808. Verbascum Thapsus L. 1864. Bot. Chron.,.74. Road-sides occasionally, C. J. Ashfield. Near Silverdale, A. Wilson. Castlebarrow; shore rocks foot of Heald Brow: wood between Burton Well and Bottoms ; Trowbarrow Quarry. Linaria repens Mill. 1887. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1884-5-6, p- 102. Seacoast, Silverdale, A. Wilson. 1897. Naturalist, 1902 February 1. ———————————————————————E 46 Petty. Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. 127. Near Silverdale, 1881, Miss K. Pickard. Several places on the coast between Westmorland boundary and Jenny Brown’s Point, A. W. Linaria vulgaris Mill. Side of railway line and the tram-road at Trowbarrow. Linaria viscida Moench. On the ‘six-foot,’ railway line at Trow- barrow. Silverdale Station, on ground opposite signal-box, 1898. Spreading, 1901. Scrophularia oblongifolia Loisel. Near Burton Well, fine. Scrophularia nodosa L.- Eaves Wood. Digitalis purpurea L. Burton Well Scroggs, ete. Veronica serpyllifolia L. Near Hawes Tarn. Veronica hybrida L. 1885. Baker’s Flora of Lake District, 152.) silverdale, Miss: S:-Bbeever- Veronica officinalis L. On rocks at shore end of Magstone Wood, 1901. Veronica Chamezdrys L. Shore bank and road-sides, and a weed in gardens. Veronica Anagallis-aquatica L. Between Silverdale and the station, A. W. Stream from Little Hawes Tarn; ditch- side of Great Tarn; side of pool, Quicksands Bridge. Veronica Beccabunga L. Fine in ditch, beyond railing, north- west end of Hawes Tarn. In wet ‘dub’-at end of rocky slope from Trowbarrow, almost joining White Scar. Damp ground, Wood Well. Euphra:ia officinalis L. From shore upwards. Euphrasia gracilis Fr. What I take to be this on Castlebarrow. Bartsia Odontites Huds. On road-side, Silverdale Moss; last field, Silverdale to Heald Brow. Pedicularis sylvatica L. Open ground before Wood Well, IQOl. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Rough ground near Wood Well; road-sides and fields. Melampyrum pratense L. Eaves Wood, Waterslack Wood, and many other localities. Melampyrum pratense var. Jatifolium Syme. 1875. Rep. Bot.’ Rec. Club, 1874, p. 63. ‘* Widely spread in the neigh- bourhood of Arnside and Silverdale,’ Chas. Bailey. Pinguicula vulgaris L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. ‘ Margin of Hawes Tarn,. C..]. 2AShiteld: Yes; “almost wp tor vy bite Scar Foot, and on the Moss. Naturalist, Petty: Some Plants of Stlverdale, West Lancashire. AT Verbena officinalis =. Rock crevices on shore ; fine on rocks near old landing pier, near Jenny Brown’s Point, root. I saw it too in Mr. Wilson’s locality, near Brown’s Houses. Mentha hirsuta Huds. Side of ditch near Hawes Tarn. Mentha arvensis L. In field near Trowbarrow Quarry. Origanum vulgare L. Seen about Silverdale district, A. W. Thymus Serpyllum Fr. 1887. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1884-5-6, p- 103. Silverdale, A. Wilson. From shore to high up on Castlebarrow. Calamintha Clinopodium Spenn. Common, A. W._ Eaves Wood, near the station, and other places. Salvia Verbenaca L. Road-side between Mount Lindeth and the village. In fields, side of path, Cove to Post Office. Nepeta Cataria L. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, p. 248. ‘Hedge bank near Jenny Brown’s Point,’ A. Wilson. One plant on the pier, or embankment, near Jenny Brown’s, 1go1. Nepeta Glechoma Benth. Eaves Wood and road-sides. Scutellaria galericulata L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. ‘Near mimicwharu. C.- |. Ashtield. Prunella vulgaris L. Cove Lane, etc. Stachys Betonica Benth. Side of path under Castlebarrow. Stachys arvensis L. Heald Brow, Silverdale, A. W. Galeopsis Tetrahit L. Booked without locality, but probably Eaves Wood clearing. Lamium intermedium Fr. 1883. Watson, Top. Bot., ed. i1., giviwesVVest Iancs.,. Melvill.. -Mr. Melvill kindly tells me the specimen was gathered at Silverdale, and seen by the late H. C. Watson; this applies also to Lamium hybridum Vill. 1883. Watson, Top. Bot., ed. ii., Buse West Lancs., Melvill:’ Lamium purpureum LL. Railway bank near Trowbarrow, and road- and wood-sides. Teucrium Scorodonia L. Eaves Wood and hedge banks. Ajuga reptans L.. Eaves Wood, etc. Plantago major L. Road-sides and fields. Plantago media L. Common about Silverdale, A. W. Path below Castlebarrow. Plantago lanceolata L. Margin otf Hawes Water and other places. Chenopodium album L. On side of path near Elmslack, etc. 1902 February 1. 48 Petty: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus L. Outside last house before Silverdale Moss Road. Atriplex Babingtonii Woods. Foot of rocks in Cove. Salicornia herbacea .. A few plants on shore, Cove side. Sueda maritima Dum. Saltmarsh near Silverdale, A. W. Polygonum aviculare L. Road-side in village, and other neglected places. Polygonum amphibium L. What should have been a damp place, before fork in road, Windy Scout and Carnforth, not far from Ordnance B.M. 24.6. Rumex Acetosa L. Outside Eaves Wood, and field borders and road-sides. Rumex Acetosella L. The same. Daphne Laureola L. Was to be found in one of the woods in 1897. Name withheld. Euphorbia Helioscopia LL. In oat-field, side of path, Cray Green to Hagg Wood side. Side of Silverdale Moss Road, TQOT. Euphorbia Peplus L. In cultivated fields and gardens as a weed. Euphorbia exigua L. Corn-fields, Silverdale, A. W. A few plants near quarry in Bottoms Lane; a nice patch on oppesite side of the lane nearer the farm, Igor. Mercurialis perennis L. Common, woods, lane- and field- sides. Ulmus montana Stokes. In the woods and in field-sides. Humulus Lupulus L. Coast near Brown’s Houses, A. W. Hedge near Elmslack. Over hazels, Levens Bottom Wood —so, at. any rate, I was told the wood was called. It is the land for sale, for building purposes, opposite Richmond's shop. Urtica dioica L. Everywhere common. Fine in ‘The Trough,’ Trowbarrow. Urtica urens LL. Outside last farm, Waterslack to Silverdale Moss. Parietaria officinalis L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Cliffs about Silverdale, plentiful, C. J. Ashfield. Rocks at the Cove, A.-W. On the shore rocks, railway to Jenny Brown’s Point ; about the Cove and beyond; in the woods also, and high on Castlebarrow ; ‘and other localities. Naturalist, Petty: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire. Ke) Myrica Gale L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 74. Plentiful near the Pittle) Darn, ©. J. Ashfield.; Really almost all round the Little Tarn, and side of the stream from this Tarn, etc. Alnus glutinosa Medic. Side of tarn, and round Little Hawes Water. Corylus Avellana L. In woods and hedges throughout the district. Quercus Robur L. and Fagus sylvatica L. Planted, and as seedlings in the woods. Salix pentandra L. Near Silverdale, A. W. Salix fragilis L. Hedge near tarn, etc. The fine S. alba in cemetery has been planted there, I am told. Salix Caprea L. Eaves Wood, Waterslack Wood, and on the mosses. Populus tremula L. Eaves and other woods. Juniperus communis L. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. Dry hills and road-sides, abundant, C. J. Ashfield. 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, p. 248. Lime-hills, Silverdale, A. Wilson. Castlebarrow, Trowbarrow, and very fine near ‘The Three Brothers’ at Warton. Taxus baccata .. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. Woods, very plentiful, Cmlbrachiield, » 1883. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, pi: 240. Silverdale, in woods and on the scars, A. Wilson. Eaves Wood, Castlebarrow, Trowbarrow. Stratiotes Aloides L. Bank Well; seen there in 1868, J. C. Mellie tess: Jncp- Bot: Nec. Club, 1881-2, ..p: /240. Silverdale, introduced? A. Wilson. It may have been, but looks quite settled now. Listera ovata R.Br. 1868. Bot. Chron., 75. Woods, abun- dant, C. J. Ashfield. Mr. Wilson writes, ‘frequent,’ and so it is, in woods and on road-sides. Spiranthes autumnalis Rich. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. Dry hilly pastures, frequent, C. J. Ashfield; and I hear that the Rev. J. A. Barnes saw it on a lawn at Silverdale. Epipactis latifolia All. Woods near Silverdale, frequent, A. W. Eaves Wood and others, occasionally on road-sides. Epipactis atro-rubens Schultz. On one of the limestone scars in Silverdale area. Specimens seen by Mr. Arthur Bennett. He tells me it is a new county record; but Mr. A. Wilson found it earlier in an adjacent parish. 1902 February 1. D 50 Petty: Some Plants of Stltverdale, West Lancashire. Epipactis palustris Crantz. Found by Mr. Wilson in the area. Orchis Morio L. Found by Mr. Wilson. Orchis mascula L. Near the Tarn. Orchis latifolia L. 1883: Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1881-2, 240. Near Hawes Water, A. Wilson. Orchis maculata L. Common near Wood Well. Ophrys apifera Huds. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. Said to grow in several places about Silverdale, but I have not seen it, Cz jevasmitelick - Ophrys muscifera Huds. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. In wood, left-hand side of road, station to village, not unfrequent, C. J. Ashfield. Used also to be found in Eaves Wood and on Castlebarrow, now gone. Habenaria conopsea Benth. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. Pastures, frequent, ©. J:-Ashfield. Silverdale, tequent-aaewvwe Near the Tarn, and on road-sides, as well as in fields. Habenaria viridis R.Br. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. Hill-sides below ‘ The Trough,’ Trowbarrow, abundant, C. J. Ashfield. 1887. Rep. Bot. Rec. Club, 1884-5-6. Silverdale, frequent, A. Wilson. Ascending from pastures, just above shore level. ; Habenaria bifolia R.Br. 1864. Bot. Chron., 75. Rather frequent, C.«J. Ashfield. “Frequent, A. W. ~ Ascending from pastures just above shore level. Var. Chlorantha Bab. In the pastures above shore and on common near Challan Hall. Iris Pseudacorus L. Wet field and ditch, side of line, between level-crossing and Slack Wood Farm; also ditch near The Pool. Narcissus Pseudonarcissus L. Near Silverdale, A. W. Tamus communis L. Eaves Wood, and many hedges. Polygonatum officinale All. PF. As dees’ ist in Outhnesnionae Blasia pusilla \.. N. 7. Rasen neighbourhood (Usselby, etc.), 1879, F. A. Lees. - Pellia epiphylla L. N. 2. Twigmoor, 1892, Rey. E.A-> W2 Peacock and j= B: Davy. 7. Frequent about Kingerby and Osgodby, 1877-79, F. A. Lees. 8. Brackenborough Wood, 1899, J. Cordeaux. 10. Hundleby, 1890, J. B. Davy. S. 13. Doddington, 1892, J. B.- Davy 3; Court eys, 1900, 5. C. Stow. -14. Cranwell, 1808, S)C2-Stomaaeaeeicele Ponton and Stoke Rochford, 1898, H. Fisher. Pellia calycina Tayl. N. 10. Kirkby Moor, Woodhall, 1890, J. B. Davy. Aneura pinguis L. N. 7. Frequent about Rasén, 1877-79, PF. A. Lees: Aneura multifida L. N. 7. Tealby Churchyard and Willingham House ponds, IO yg 7Oy 1. Aegdueces: Metzgeria furcata L. N. 7. Tealby and Claxby Wood, 1877-79, F. A. Lees. S: 13. Court’ Leys, 1808, ,/S:. C2) Stomnj314e Oranmens 1899, S. C. Stow. 15. Stoke Rochford, 1898, H. Fisher ; Brandon, 1898, S. C. Stow. Naturalist, cn WO LINCOLNSHIRE FRESHWATER ALG. J. LARDER, Louth; formerly Cryptogamtc Secretary, Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union. THE following list is the second part of notes for a future cryptogamic flora of Lincolnshire, and comprises all the records at present on the register of the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union in this branch of botany. Though very incomplete, it may be found of some interest and value, as showing what has dlGeady cen, done in the county... A large number: of the Eeeerdceiave been made by Mr. DT. Spencer Smithson, of Rochdale (chiefly in the Sturton district), and I am indebted to him, as well as to Mr. William West, for identifying specimens taken by myself. As with the moss list, so in this case, Mr. J. Burtt Davy (now of the University of California) com- menced the compilation of this list. The numbers of the Lincolnshire Natural History Divisions are prefixed to the various localities. Sciadium arbuscula. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Nostoc czeruleum. 6 West. Sturton district (T. Spencer Smithson). Nostoc commune. 13 West. Caythorpe (J. B. Davy). *Tolypothrix coactilis. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). * Spirulina oscillarioides. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Rivularia dura. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Protococcus pluviatilis. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Scenedesmus acutus. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Scenedesmus obtusus. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Ques Saltileetby i(). Larder). Scenedesmus guadricauda. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). to North. ‘ Jordan’s Ponds,’ Woodhall Spa (2) arder,). Pediastrum boryanum. 06 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). 10 North. ‘Jordan’s Ponds,’ Woodhall Spa Gelatde;). Pediastrum Ehrenbergii. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). 10 North. ‘Jordan’s Ponds,’ Woodhall Spa Qe warden): 1902 February 1, 60 Larder: Lincolnshire Freshwater Alge. Closterium rostratum. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Closterium moniliferum. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Closterium lunula. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Micrasterias denticulata. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Cosmarium botrytis. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). @.) Saltileetby aq Larder): Cosmarium Meneghinii. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Cosmarium Turpinii var. Lundellii.. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Cosmarium granatum var. subgranatum. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Synedra acus. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Synedra pulchella. Saltfleetby (|. Larder). Zygnema Sstellinum. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Spirogyra flavescens. 6 West. Stiurtons distieh (iy Ss: Smithson). 14 West.. River Slea, mean eslearond ia): Larder). Spirogyra tenuissima. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). 79: ( Saltileetby (J. Warder)e 14) Westen River Slea, near Sleaford (J. Larder). Spirogyra condensata. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Mesocarpus pleurocarpus. 14 West. River Slea, near Slea- ford (J. Larder): “Nottypical;- fs) Smuithsone Mesocarpus nummuloides. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Staurospermum quadratum. Sturton district (T. S. Smith- son). “Volvox globator. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). 2 South. Manton Common (W. C. Brown). 6 East or 13 West. Lincoln district (Fairbank Catalogue). Pandorina morum. © West. Sturton district (T. S. Smith- son). 10 North. ‘Jordan’s Ponds,’ Woodhall Spa (J. Larder). Gonium pectorale. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). *“Merismopedia glauca. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). 10 North. Woodhall Spa (J. Larder). Lingbya turfora. 6 West. Sturton and Till Bridge (T. S. Smithson). Naturalist, Larder: Lincolnshire Freshwater Alge. 61 *Ceelospherium Kutzingianum, 10 North. ‘ Jordan’s Ponds,’ Woodhall Spa (J. Larder). *Gleocystis ampla. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). “Apiocystis Brauniana. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. SmuvosoM)s O.) oaltileetby ()- Larder). Vaucheria hamata. 6 West.: Sturton district. (T.S. Smithson). Vaucheria sessilis. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Microspora floccosa. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Microspora fugacissima. Sturton district Giza Sess tmaielson): Cladophora fracta. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Cladophora glomerata. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Conterva bombycina. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Conferva bombycina forma genuina. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Conferva fontinalis. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Soiensom). to North. ‘Jordan's Ponds, Woodhall Spa (J. Larder). Conferva tenerrima. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Bulbocheete intermedia. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Stigeoclonium fastigiatum. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Batrachospermum moniliforme. 8 South. Hubbard’s Valley, Louth (J. Larder). Chetophora elegans. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Chetophora pisiformis. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Mougeotia pleurocarpus. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Coleochzte scutata. 6 West. Sturton district (T. S. Smith- son). Draparnaldia glomerata. Sturton district (T. S. Smithson). Ulothrix zonata. Sturton district (Get Sa Smiltincom) Raphidium falcatum. to North. ‘Jordan’s Ponds,’ Woodhall Spa (J. Larder). Cocconeis placeniula. 9. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Gomphonema curvatum. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Gomphonema dichctomum. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). Diatoma elongata. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). *Tetraedron regulare. Saltfleetby (J. Larder). 1902 February 1. NOTES on YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Proposed Supplement to the ‘ List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera.’ — During the past few years the desirability of publishing a Supplement to the ‘List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera’ has been suggested to me over and over again, and as lately the appeal has been made oftener and more forcibly, I have decided, if I can secure the necessary co-operation of Yorkshire lepidopterists, to compile such supplement. I am probably in possession of all, or nearly all, of the published information since the issue of the original list in 1883, but a number of our lepidopterists must be in possession of much useful information which has not been published, and it is to them I now appeal. I want particularly full details of the captures of any species, should there be such, which are not included in the county list, and have not been recorded since 1883. Also lists of fresh localities for all local species, especially from districts which, up to 1883, had been little, or not at all, worked. Lastly, I shall be glad of particulars as to local variation of all species, even including the commonest. All information should be forwarded to me as soon as possible.—GEo. T. PoRRITT, Crosland Hall, near Huddersfield, 4th January 1go2. Hermaphroditism in Crocallis elinguaria.-_1 possess two herma- phrodite specimens of the Scalloped Oak Moth (Crocallis elinguaria) bred in 1899, from eggs obtained from Everingham in 1898. One has the left antenna male and the right female, and the other has the right antenna male and the left female. Both specimens are in beautiful condition.— WILLIAM HEWETT, York, 18th January 1902. Eupithecia isogrammata at Doncaster: an Addition to the Yorkshire County List.—Mr. L. S. Brady, of Sheffield, informs me that he found larve of ‘Aupithecia tsugrammata in the greatest profusion in flower buds of Clematis vitalba growing at Wadworth, near Doncaster, in August last. The species has not previously been recorded for Yorkshire, and is a very interesting addition.—GEo. T. PORRITT, Crosland Hall, near Huddersfield, 4th January 1902. Since the foregoing was written, I have had an opportunity of looking through the manuscript of Mr. John Sumner’s list of the Lepidoptera of Everingham, and find the species is included there. As it is several years since the list was compiled, the credit of adding the insect to the Yorkshire List is due to Mr. Sumner.— GEO. T. PORRITT, 21st January 1902. Lepidoptera Captured near Middlesbrough in 1901.— The following are a few of the more noteworthy Lepidoptera that 1 have come across during the past season in the Middlesbrough district :— Acronycta megacephala. A single specimen, 5th June; on Poplar tree trunk in Cambridge Road, Middlesbrough. Calamia lutosa. A specimen taken off grass stem in garden, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough, on 14th September. Mamestra albicolon. A single worn specimen at sugar in garden, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough, on 24th June. Another specimen * poked” out of sand-banks at Rueslenr, ona theiiuly “heater specimen Wil Sipe ee and laid a quantity of ova about the 8th; these hatched out in due course, but I was unsuccessful in rearing them, the larve rotting off in the early stages in a way peculiar to a ood many Noctua larve. I notice there is only one locality recorded for this insect in Mr. Porritt’s Yorkshire list, but I have no doubt it would be taken all along the coast if sugared for at the proper time. Pachnobia leucographa. Took three specimens, all Qs, off Sallows in April, at Saltburn-by-the-Sea. I also took three specimens, all gs, in the same locality in 1900. Teniocampa populeti. ‘Two worn specimens, taken off Sallows in April, at Kildale.—T. ASHTON LOFTrHoUSE, The Croft, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough, December 1gol. N tamale: 63 SOME FLOWER FEATURES OF THE SOUTHERN AINSTY. Bae Ve OND EEE Sa Mek CaS. LR’ CP. Lonp., Leeds; Author of ‘The Flora of West Yorkshire.’ RECENTLY, in the course of a pleasant ramble from Ulleskelf, via Ryther Ferry, past Nun-Appleton and Appleton Roebuck to Steeton Hall—the old home of the Fairfax—and back to Bolton, I was somewhat struck by the number of doubtfully-native or certainly-introduced species which appear to be more than hold- ing their own amid the indigenous vegetation. At Ryther I noticed the Scotch Thistle (Oxopordon) finely-decorative of growth, cheek by jowl with luxuriantly trespassing Hop, its shoots snaking forward with threatening pythonic curve; and on the north bank of the Wharfe at Ryther Ferry quite a jungle of the yellow-green Zhalictrum flavum—this last at least a native beyond doubt. But what surprised me most was to come upon several bushes, almost trees, of Vzburnum Lantana by the road- side near the newly-erected Lodge at the north-west corner of Nun-Appleton Park. These were in fine fruit, the elderberry- like cymes heavy with oval discoid fruit of three colours— pinking green, bright red, and dull purple-black. I do not account the ‘ Mealy Wayfaring-tree’ above suspicion, but here it plays the part of homester almost convincingly. The Mistle- toe used to grow hereaway: does yet, I believe: why should Moun) commune we equally a. relic, im this kindly. cltmated, sequestered corner of the Vale? Who knows what the Bishops’ foresters planted, or Fairfax’s, when the Nunnery was installed hundreds of years ago? The whole district was a fen-level liable to inundation until the ‘Bishop’s dike’ and ‘ Bishop’s wood’ were made for necessity and pleasure. This part of the Ainsty does not seem to have found its za/ural chronicler, albeit antiquarians have written more than enough about Steeton, Sherburn, and Cawood. Then, just to the east of Roebuck village is a rectangularly moated pasture, locally known as ‘the Daffy field.” On the Ordnance Map the spot is marked ‘ Site of Brocket Hall,’ but there is no aboveground sign of Norman masonry now (Roman tiles and a jar from there are in the Postmaster’s possession) ; and 6rocarte in Norman-French meant a Roebuck which smells suspiciously like a rat, as if the village- name was modern, a translation of some Norman settler’s patronym. I hint all this, tentatively, because it is not tgo2 February 1. 64 Bayford: Chrysomela gattingensis tn South Vorkshire. impossible that the Daffodil, the Vzburnum, the Hop—ay! other integers in the local flora of To-Day, may bear some relation as effect from cause with medieval appropriators of the land. But, certainly from a much more recent time must date the American Snowberry (Syaphoricarpus racemosus Michx.) noted by me an hour later in profusion in the hedge of the highroad north of Colton bridge over the railway towards Steeton Hall, now a large farmhouse. This must have been introduced with quickset for the fence, but is now there for good, or until the vicinal boundaries are done away with. At the Hall itself Euphorbia Lathyris, the Caper-spurge (the semina were formerly used as a pickle), fruits as freely and sows itself, as the Walnut does both here and around Thorp Arch. Lastly, mzrabzle dictu, visiting a while back—not on this occasion—the old Roman Way of ‘Rudgate’ just north of St. Helen’s Ford and south of Walton, I actually saw ‘with these very eyes’ a few plants of the Roman Nettle (Urtica pilulifera), the seeds of which must have been brought with the baggage-waggons of the Latin cohorts, and survived unrotted in the pavement over a thousand vears! The ‘way’ had been disturbed for its stones, and lo! the Nettle with the Vervein had resuscitated. This makes the tale of a singular list of ‘ suspects.’ Of interesting indigens the district can claim few enough. On the inner courtyard and office walls of Steeton Hall (near South Milford) the Black Spleenwort (Asplentum Trichomanes) grows plentifully, with avery little A. Adzantum-nigrum—probably its nearest locality to Leeds. About the ‘diaper’ stones set in the walls of Ryther church the Wallrue (Asplentum Ruta-muraria) - flourishes, with Ranunculus sceleratus in the flood-trench below the curious raised causeway along which worshippers of old time could alone approach the ancient Saxon-arch’d kirk, and it was also a plant of the dew-pond or cattle-plash within the rectangle of ‘the Daffy field’ before-mentioned. Stachys palus- tris was, I saw, in cornfield, mangel-broad and polder-dike, everywhere—telling likewise its tale of lands liable to inundation. LOO Irs NOTE on COLEOPTERA. Chrysomela gottingensis in South Yorkshire.—While walking from Edlington Church to the wood on the afternoon of the 1st August I picked up a dead specimen of this insect. As Fowler considers the locality ‘near Burton-on-Trent’ the most northerly one, disregarding that of Stephens for ‘ Edinburgh’ as ‘ probably an error’ it may be as well to place the present occurrence on record as early as may be.—E. G. BAYFORD, ‘Barnsley, 12th August Igol. Naturalist, 1 FEB.I902 | to be addressed to LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. Ambleside. By Mary L. Armitt. now ready, post free, Is. 2d. ; both series 2s. 3d. Sea SERIES , from GEORGE MIDDLETON, On the 26th of every Month, price 62. Sree to ay pari of the world. THE ENTOMOLOGIST: An Illustrated Jouraal of General En‘omology. > OS. @ year fost Lithographed Plates by the best Entomological Artists and frequent Woodcuts. Edited by RICHD. SOUTH, F.E.S with the assistance of Radia er Pes.> . R:- -Billups, F.E:S.; W. LL, Distant, F_L.S:, ete.; Edward A. 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DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., 259, Hype Park Roap, LEEps; WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF oe x uy a i J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., Coral WS W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S., ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., JOHN W. TAYLOR, F.L.S., CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., W. B. TURNER, F.R.M.S. Contents :— PAGES. The North of England Harpidia (after Renauld) (with Woodcut and 4 Plates)— J. A. Wheldon, F.L.S. .. = ne ae be a He ae Ss At 65-92 Harpidioid Hypna of Yorkshire and Durham-—JV7//iam Ingham, B.A. ay ~ 93-96 List of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Birds— .. “i ~ oe ie % Pe O7-LLe Ilustrations :—-Four Plates of North of England Harpidia. Basal Cells of the Four Groups of Hypnum fluitans, gz. LONDON: LOVELL REEVE & Co. Lrp., 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. Cuortey & Pickerseirt, Ture Erecrric Press, CookrRipGe STREET, LEEDS. PRICE HALF-A-CROWN NET. THE NATURALIST. BOOKS RECEIVED. Berwickshire Nat. Club.—Proceedings, Vol. 17, No. 2, for 1900. 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Soc.—Newspaper Report of 5th Annual Meeting, Feb. 1902. [Society. Society for the Protection of Birds, No. ee —Bird Law Rhymes, Feb. 1902. [Soc. W. Junk.—Book Catalogue, Vertebrata, 1. Mammalia, Reptilia, Pisces, 1902. | Publishers. The New Phytologist, ed. A. G. Tansley, Vol. 1, ‘No. 1, 23rd Jan, rooe. ~ Editor. George H. F. Nuttall.—The New Bioiogical Test for Blood in Relation to Zoological Classification, 8vo. reprint, 1992. { Author. Edgar R. Waite.—Studies in Australian Sharks, No. 2, 8vo. reprint, Jan. 1902. { Author. Edgar R. Waite.—Notes on Fishes for Western Australia, No. 2, 8vo. reprint, Jan. 1902. { Author. Wilhelm Neuburger.—Preisliste No. 7, Palzearctische Schmetterlinge, rgo2. { Publ. Charles Dixon.--Birds’ Nests, an Introduction to the Study of Caliology, 8vo., cloth, 1902. - [Grant Richards, Publ. F. H. Herrick.—The Home Life of Wild Birds, 4to., cloth, 1902. [G. P. Putnam's Sons, Publ. Lepidium.—I earnestly desire notes of the occurrence of Lepidium Draba and sativum, and hope to have correspondence from any locality where it occurs. —A. SMITH, 5, Cavendish Street, Grimsby. For Sale, Collections of British Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, Cabinets and Store Boxes; also several thousand duplicates of local Southern Species at very low rates. Selections on approval.—Particulars from ‘ HILLSIDE,’ Sunny- hill Road, Pokesdown, Hants. LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt. SrecoNnpD SERIES now ready, post free, Fs. 2d. ; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, Ambleside. Carboniferous Fossil Plants.—In answer to repeated requests, and for the purpose of popularising the study of Fossil Botany, I have decided to issue Series of Fossil Plants to subscribers. Series A, 50 typical forms, 7s. 6d. Series B. 50 finer examples, 15s. Orders taken in rotation; payment on delivery. To Petrologists.—Rock Specimens from Lakeland and South Scotland, invaluable to Glacialists, from 3d. each. Rock Section Cutting a speciality, either thin slices for finishing or finished micro-slides. List and particulars free.--W. HrmMInGway, 170, Old Mill Lane, Barnslev. ; 3 iON oat THE NORTH OF ENGLAND HARPIDIA (AFTER RENAULD). - j. A. WHELDON, F.L.S., Liverpool. Tue past decade has witnessed a great accession of interest in British Bryology, and the path of the’student of our mosses has been smoothed by the publication of the greater portion of Dr. Braithwaite’s splendid ‘ British Moss Flora’ and Mr. H. N. Dixon’s indispensable ‘Handbook of British Mosses.’ In _ addition the ‘Moss Exchange Club’ affords a means of ex- changing notes and specimens, and its beginners’ section holds out a helping hand to the less advanced members. With all these facilities the increased interest is not sur- prising, and there is reason to hope that in the future more attention, will be devoted to the larger critical genera, such as Sphagnum, and the subjects of the present paper. Much remains to be done in identifVing our forms with those described by Continental botanists, and in tracing their comital distribution in the British Isles. The lists of localities in Mr. Horrell’s “European Sphagnacee’ afford a useful starting-point for. the former, but none of our books deal at all exhaustively with the latter. In this paper I propose to deal with the Harpidia of the Northern Counties of England only, as my knowledge of the remaining counties and their botanical workers is very limited. I am very largely indebted to Mons. Renauld for much of the information given below—not only to his masterly exposition of these plants in his ‘Monograph of. Harpidium’-in Husnot’s _‘Muscologia Gallica’ (which I have freely quoted from), but also for many critical notes and much labour in verifying and naming specimens. Mr. H. N. Dixon has also rendered me much assistance, and has not only named or confirmed the names of specimens, but has frequently kindly supplied interest- ing examples for comparison. It was thought unnecessary to figure the leaves and cell structure, these having been already delineated in various descriptive works, and especially in ‘Muscologia Gallica.’ The plates are from nature prints of actual specimens, by Mr. John Marten, of Chatham, and are intended to give an idea of the general habit of the various forms. Some of them are, how- ever, so variable that it is impossible to do justice to them with a single figure, and the limitations of space have necessitated the selection of small stems of some of the more robust species. 1902 March 3. E 4 66 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. The plants of this section of the great genus Hypnum are of much interest on account of their variety of form and the beauty of many of the species. They present one of those natural associations of closely allied forms which are looked upon by the mere collector as stumbling-blocks, and dubbed ‘critical,’ but which are of the highest interest to the real student, the continuity of the chain of forms permitting the study of the origin or limitations of species under the most favourable con- ditions. The Harpidia are usually readily distinguished from their allies by their tall erect or floating stems, often pinnately branched, without tomentum or paraphyllia, usually hooked at the apex of stems or branches. The leaves are more or less falcate-secund or circinate, generally with fine points, and the cells linear above, at basal angles shorter subquadrate, more or less inflated, and frequently forming well-marked auricles. Their tints vary through all the shades of green, yellow, brown, red, and purple, and they are sometimes very richly coloured. Nearly all the species grow in bogs, pools, and marshes, and their appearance is often greatly modified by the nature of the habitat, as is frequently the case with aquatic plants. This variability and the occurrence of numerous transition forms between the groups renders their determination unusually difficult. Mons. Renauld emphasises the fact that it is impossible to satisfactorily name all such intermediate states. He says in a recent letter that ‘pretendre distinguer et nommer toutes le formes qui ne correspondent pas complétement aux varietiés principales est une pure chiméra et, en suivant cette method, on arriverait a la distinction de la form individuelle, cut a dire au cahos.’ Sanio and other Continental botanists have endeavoured to define hybrids, and the system of classification adopted by the former is partly based on the occurrence of hypothetical hybrids. It will be observed that the definition of Harpzdium given above excludes those plants (Cvratoneuron) distinguished by having stems clothed with paraphyllia or tomentum. I have followed Mons. Renauld in retaining A. scorpiordes, and with him have rejected HZ. callichroum, which is placed by Sanio after HT, uncinatum. For the purpose of preservation, good and liberal specimens should be collected, so as to show the habit of the plants. I have found that the principal forms and varieties main- tained by Mons. Renauld, if of somewhat unequal value, nevertheless truly represent types that frequently recur, and Naturalist; Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. 67 which when quite typical are readily identified, even by eye characters alone. His arrangement, which is followed here with one exception, is an eminently natural one, in which plants are not arbitrarily removed from their nearest associates bya slavish adherence to any single character at the expense of others equally important. In the exception alluded to, I have followed British bryologists in subordinating Aypnum Wilsont to #1. Sendinert rather than to H. lycopodioides. in this country at least, the two former appear to be more closely connected. If there is a chain of forms linking A. Wilsonz with A. lycopodioides I cannot avoid the conclusion that the whole of the forms coming under these three names should be united to form an aggregate species, as the segregates do not differ so widely as do forms of HI. aduncum and H. fiuztans, which are united without question. Most of the following descriptions are based on those of Renauld in ‘Muscologia Gallica,’ but I have not hesitated to add to them from the writings of Dr. Braithwaite or Mr. H. N. Dixon, or from my own observation, where there was no doubt of the » plants described being identical. In a few instances Mons. Renauld has given names to plants submitted to him which are not defined in his monograph. These I have endeavoured to describe briefly from my specimens, with the aid of his notes on them. Any defects in these descriptions must be attributed to me, but it may be assumed that the plants themselves are correctly referred to the varieties named on Mons. Renauld’s authority. In the lists of localities a note of exclamation after the col- lector’s name indicates that a specimen has passed through my hands. The double sign is intended to imply that Mons. Renauld has seen the specimen and confirmed the name. SECTION I.—LEAVES AURICLED, DECURRENT. In ascertaining the presence or absence of auricles great care is necessary. In some species they are difficult to detach with the leaves, but may be seen attached to the stem. In others, really without true auricles, false auricles are formed by the adhesion to the leaf base of portions of the cuticular tissue of the stem. These are carefully figured and described in Renauld’s monograph in ‘ Muscologia Gallica,’ and examples may readily be found in A. vernicosum and FH. revolvens. I.—H. aduncum Hedw. (Amblystegium Knerffit Schimp. Bry Eur. and of Braithw. Moss FI.). Very polymorphous. Stems erect or floating, subsimple or vaguely branched, or regularly 1902 March 3. 68 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. pinnate, from 5 to 40 cm., or more, in length. Leaves usually: laxly arranged, rarely as strongly falcate as in the succeeding groups, sometimes patent, with entire or at most sinuolate margins, excavate and decurrent at basal angles. Cells lax at base, hexagono-rectangular, those of the angles dilated and forming distinct auricles. . Outer perichztial leaves small and wider, inner large, long, and thinly nerved, plicate. Annulus broad. Peristome teeth “transversely striate, densely trabeculate, bordered. eS Perhaps no single character affords a reliable means of separating barren plants from AZ. fluztans, with which some of the forms are easily confused. The broader leaves, entire margins, shorter and laxer areolation will sometimes suffice, but in addition the cells at the insertion of the leaf wsually pass insensibly into those of the stem—in //. fluztfans the transition is abrupt. According to Renauld even this character cannot always be relied on. Frequent on clayey or sandy soils (with us much rarer on peat, if not quite absent), at low elevations, seldom ascending above too feet. Group typicum Ren. Facies of slender forms of A. fluztans (exannulatum), H. . filictnum, or H. vernicosum. Stems usually slender, - leaves dense, more or less secund-falcate, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate- triangular, with a rather short subulate canaliculate acumen, the apical ones forming a hook.at ends of stems ae branches. Nerve thin and sometimes very short. Forma falcata Ren. Tufted, erect, usually short (5-10 cm. sometimes taller). Stems divided, divisions more ‘or less pa nate, hooked at the apices. Stem leaves falcate, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, subulate, nerved above half-way. Usually taller than forms graczlescens and ¢enuzs, and with longer and more gradually acuminate leaves. ‘i 8. West of Radbourne (57), W. R. Linton! 9g. Southport (59), Holt!! Wheldon!! St; Annes (60), Wheldon ! | 10. Coatham Marshes (62), Ingham!! Clifton Ings (62), Ingham! Quarry near Knottingley (63), Ingham! Forma /zvis Boul. Pale or yellowish green. Stem erect (6-10 cm.). Stem leaves erect appressed, slightly secund above, acumen not flexuose. The extremities are scarcely hooked. The transition from group Zypzcum to var. pungens. to. Barlby (61), Ingham ! Naturalist, Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. 69 Forma gracilescens Ren. (4. aduncum var. gracilescens Schimp.). Stem erect, shorter (5-8 cm.). Leaves shorter, from a more dilated base, suddenly narrowed to a short acumen, often undulate or folded at its base. Nerved about half-way. Basal sinus somewhat wide and shallow. 8. Ropsley (53), 5. C. Stow! 9g. St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon!! Ainsdale (59), W. Wilson! ro. Clifton Ings (62), Ingham (teste Dixon). Coatham Marshes (62), Ingham! | Sometimes the auricular cells in this and var. /falcatum become yellow and incrassate when growing in maritime situa- tions, and are then liable to be mistaken for an analogous form of H. Sendinerz, the Var. gracilescens Schimp., but the latter may be distinguished by its firmer texture and stouter nerve. Forma tenuis Ren. (var. fenwe Schimp. ?). In dense depressed, yellowish tufts, intricately branched, more or les pinnate. Leaves very small, from an oval base rapidly con- tracted to a short recurved point. Nerve very short, sometimes rudimentary. Probably a starved form of the preceding. 9g. Southport (59), Holt (Braithw. Moss F1.). 10. [Knottingley (63), W. Ingham. | Var. aquaticum Sanio. Stouter and more robust than any of the preceding, usually submerged, in large yellowish-green tufts. Stems 10-15 cm. Leaves larger (3% to 4 mm.), more distant, falcate secund, with a long spreading, flexuose, gradually attenuated acumen. Nerve wider, ceasing in the base of the acumen. Cells longer, the basal ones sometimes opaque. g. Southport, and near Hightown (59), Wheldon!! Catforth (Goetiemiscesicy. Birkdale (59); W.. Wilson! (ex herb. E. C. Horrell). | - to. Brick-pond near Bedale (65), Wheldon ! Var. diversifolia Ren. MS. Somewhat rigid, regularly pinnate, 6-10 cm. high. Leaves markedly dimorphous, those of the stem, from an ovate-lanceolate base prolonged into a long slender acumen, erect secund, subfalcate at the apex; those of the branches much smaller, more suddenly acuminate, falcate- secund. Auricular cells frequently with thickened walls, less hyaline, especially in maritime situations. 9. West Kirby (58), Wheldon! Ainsdale, and to the North of Southport (59), Wheldon! Between Lytham and St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon !! . 10. Coatham Marshes (62), Ingham!! Selby (61), Ingham!! 1902 March 3. 70 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. Group Kneiffii Ren. (H. aduncum* Knerfit Boul. H. aduncum Blandowit Sanio ex parte). Facies not or only indistinctly harpidioid. Usually larger plants than those of the last group. Leaves ordinarily lax, the lower erect or spreading, or slightly secund here and there, the upper much wider and shorter, ovate, acuminate, with a flat point. Var. pungens H.Mull. Yellowish green. Stems procumbent, simply divided or slightly ramulose. Leaves erect, subimbricate, the apical ones appressed, forming a cuspidate point, which is straight or slightly curved. Leaves oblong to oval oblong, the lower ones ovato-lanceolate and more spreading. Upper cells long and linear, lower but little dilated. Apparently rare with us. g. Pits between Knutsford and Thelford (58), Holt ! The only other British specimen I have seen was collected near Stanion (32) by Mr. H. N. Dixon. Var. polycarpon Bland. Green. Stems procumbent, much divided, divisions numerous and slender, sometimes fastigiate, not pinnate. Leaves patent or erect, slightly curved at the point, hardly falcate except at the apex of the branches, oval- deltoid or oval-oblong, shortly acuminate, very decurrent, the lower oblong lanceolate, those of the branches often secund. Cells oblong-linear, short, suprabasal lax, quadrate. Fruit apparently rare, but when fructiferous the sete are very numerous. g. Near Morecambe (60), Wheldon! Walton, near Liver- pool (59), Wheldon !! - to. Near Scarborough. (62), Wheldon !.. Naburn (67), Ingham. Var. attenuatum Boul. Rich bright green. Stems very slender, elongated, hardly pinnate, intricate. In drier situations more rigid and depressed, of a less lively green, resembling a miniature form of the preceding. Stem leaves short, deltoid, patent, and recurved at the point, with a short nerve tending to become forked. Auricles of the branch leaves usually almost or quite obsolete. The habit of this plant is very distinct, recalling that of Amblystegium Kochi. Apparently rare. g. Burscough (59), Wheldon!! A poor state in half dried- up pools. Catterall, near Garstang (60), very fine and typical, - A. Wilson !! Naturalist, . Wheldon: The North of England Harpidza. 7 Var. intermedium Schimp. Green or yellowish-green. Stems submersed, elongated, distantly branched, with distant leaves, or shorter with leaves more imbricate. Leaves very variable, sometimes erect, sometimes spreading’, scarcely secund; the lower lanceolate, the upper oblong, acuminate. Cells shortly linear, rather longer than in var. folycarpon, and it forms a con- necting link between that and the next group. Marshes, ponds, and ditches on a sandy or clay soil. 8. Kirkby-on-Bain, near Woodhall Spa (54), S. C. Stow! Near Whitwell and Sandacre (57), W. R. Linton! 9g. Burscough, Ince Blundell, Crossens, Walton, and Kirkby (59), Whelden!! Southport (59), Holt! Near Bidston (58), Wheldon! Garstang and Thrang Moss (60), A. Wilson! 10. Coatham and Naburn (62), Ingham! Near Romanby (62), Wheldon! Forma penna Sanio. Yellowish green, rather robust owing to the more dense foliation, tufted, with numerous short pinnate branches. g. Warbreck Moor, near Walton (59), Wheldon!.! Pond near Oldham (59), Wheldon ! . Forma Jaxifolia Ren. (var. Jaxzfolium Sanio). Slender, elongate, with more distant leaves, the apical ones appressed subconvolute, forming a falcate cusp. Sa Caythorpe (53), 5. C. Stow! 9. Walton near Liverpool, and Rainford (59), Wheldon !! Sourmpores(59),, tlolt (teste \Sanio)! Hale Moss (58). Holt. Ashton, near Preston (60), H. Beesley ! 10. Bedale (65), Wheldon! Coatham (62), Ingham. North- allerton (62), Wheldon! Group pseudo-fluitans Sanio. (77. aduncum var. laxum Schimp. in Ren. Rev. Harpid.). Robust ; mostly pinnate. Stem leaves distant, erect patent, less heteromorphous than in the preceding group, oblong lance- olate or lanceolate, gradually prolonged into a slender point. Nerve rather long, cells often very long, the enlarged cells of the angles occupying nearly all the leaf-base. The strongly decurrent auricles approach each other, forming between them a small suborbicular sinus. Closely resembling some forms of H. fluzzans. Var. paternum Sanio. Floating in deep ponds or ditches. Yellowish green, ochreous, or fuscescent. Stems long (10- 40 cm.), rigid and robust, or compactly tufted and softer, regularly pinnate or nearly simple. Stem leaves distant below, 1902 March 3. 72 Wheldon : The North of Eng oland Harpidia. heer Or, sub- -patent, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, gradually nar- rowed into long, usually not twisted points. Leaves of the branches patent, except at the apices, where they are imbricate, forming an acute point. : g. Stretford (59), Holt! Southport (59), Holt. Wheldon !! Birkdale, Ince Blundell, and Walton (59), Wheldon!!° St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon!! Ashton (60), H. Beesley ! 10. Strensall Common (62), Holt. Ingham! Burrill, near Bedale (65), Wheldon! Coatham Marshes (62), Ingham. Note.—A very handsome state of this plant occurs at Birk- dale, near Southport, with stems very long and elegantly plumosely pinnate from apex to base. Mons. Renauld has for the present withdrawn a provisional name given to it, as it has not been found elsewhere, but it remains very constant after several years’ observation in the original locality. Forma gracilis Ren. MS. Much less robust, slender, gracile, producing few branches, which are either simple or with a very few short distant pinnew. Stem leaves narrower, very distant, loosely flexuose, spreading, or suberect, acuminate. Apical ones convolute forming a slightly curved cusp. 8. West of Radbourne (57), W. R. Linton! ‘ 9g. Southport, Rainford, and Walton (59), Wheldon !! 10. Near Scarborough and Strensall Common (62), Wheldon ! [Var. flexile Ren. Stems emergent, more slender, flexuose. Leaves narrower, flexuose, sometimes subsecund, prolonged into a very long, fine twisted subulate point. To be looked for. Plants approaching it are found at South- port and St. Anne’s (Wheldon), Catforth (Beesley), Strensall Common and Church Fenton (Ingham), but Mons. Renauld has not accepted any of them as exactly his variety. | Il.—Hypnum Sendtneri Schimp. (47. aduncum «. legitimum Sanio). Dioicous. With us often deeply tinged with yellow or brown, and simulating forms of H. revolvens, more rarely of the deep green which Mons. Renauld describes as its usual colour. Stems erect, loosely casspitose, sometimes elongated when grow- ing in deeper pools. It varies greatly in size; and very slender forms occur which closely resemble some states of HY. aduncum (typicum). Stems simple, slender, often regularly pinnate, the apices and branches hooked. Leaves crowded, regularly circinate or falcate-secund throughout, glossy, from an ovate base, lanceolate, longly acuminate, slightly flexuose and twisted when dry, not plicate, but sometimes lightly striate when dry, entire. Cells resembling those of H. aduncum, but slightly narrower on e Naturalist, Go Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. Vi account of ‘the thicker cell walls, linear. flexuose, obtuse, the basal ones with non-porose walls, the. angular firmer, less hyaline, with mcrassate walls, forming distinet.decurrent orange or brown auricles. These latter» vary considerably in size in different specimens, and. when very small are sometimes difficult to detach with the leaves, and, remaining attached to the stem, are liable to be overlooked unless sought in situ. The capsule is longer and narrower than in A. aduncum. Grows.in marshes, mostly near the sea, but also inland. I have not seen it at the elevations indicated in some of our Floras; nor on the grit moorlands of Lancashire, but Dr. Braithwaite states (British Moss Flora, Vol. III., p. 41) that it is not uncommon on the mocrs of North Yorkshire. | GulkGinder) Scout (57), G. A. belt. — Carr Meadow (57), Holt. 10. Hale Moss (58), Wilson (Br. Moss Flora). A plant I have from this locality so labelled by Mr. G. E. Hunt is referred by Mons. Renauld to H. revolvens var. tntermedium. Southport (59), W. Wilson. Birkdale (59), Wheldon!! Between South- port and Ainsdale several puzzling states of this plant occur, one with auricles nearly obsolete, another Renauld labels ‘ forma late auriculata.’ A third and distinct-looking form has the leaves secund, but much less falcate, not at all circinate. St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon!! Here also occurs a form very closely resembling A. Wrlsonz in facies, of which Mons. Renauld writes ‘a la part du A. Wilsonz, et les caracteres du A. Sendtnerz, ouillettes grandes, cellules basilaires non poreuses.’ Forma wulgaris Sanio. Much more slender, but stouter than the forma gvracilescens Sno. Stems several times divided, divisions pinnate. Leaves densely arranged, very glossy, strongly falcate-secund, from a widely ovate base, more suddenly narrowed to a long, strongly-curved point. : g. Netherton and Burscough (59), Wheldon!!. St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon. : 10. Marsh, near Naburn (61), Ingham ! Forma trivialis Sanio. An elongated deep water form, with more distant leaves, less strongly falcate, or the points only reflexed from an erect base, from an oval-oblong base more gradually narrowed to a very long subulate point, which is flexuose or twisted ; cells usually longer. to. Southport (59), Renauld, in Hus. Musc. Gall., p. 374. _ Var. giganteum Schimp. Syn., Ed. Il. (4. hamtfolium Selmmp:, syn., Bd: Il:, ex parte.) This appears to be dis- tinguished by a broader nerve, longer cells, a very long 1902 March 2. ) 74 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. setaceous acumen, and very small, badly-defined auricles. It has not yet been detected in Britain. Ill.—H. Wilsoni Schimp. Variously classed by different authors as a species or sub-species, sometimes under H. Sendt- mert, at others under 4. lycopodioides. If great weight is attached to one or two minute structural details, e.g., the more or less porose basal cells and the thickness of their walls, it might be subordinated to H. lycopodioides; but if the general habit, pinnate branching, more erect growth, and less-rugose leaves are taken into account, it must be held in these parti- culars to approach more nearly to WH. Sendtnert, with which, in British specimens, it is much more easily confused. Grows in robust, golden-yellow tufts, 6-12 in. long, stems subsimple, with distant pinne, leaves rather more distantly placed, larger, oblong lanceolate, gradually tapering to a long slender acumen, concave, auricles less distinct, smaller, of fewer cells. 8. North Somercotes (54), Rev. W. W. Mason !! 9g. Southport (locus classicus) (59), W. Wilson! Also at Ainsdale and Birkdale (59), W. Wilson! It is still abundant in these localities, Wheldon!! St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon!! 10. Strensall Common (62), Holt (Br. Moss Flora). Var. hamatum Schimp. Very robust and more closely and regularly pinnate; leaves larger and more regularly circinate, with a very long acumen, more densely crowded. Auricles very small. g. Ainsdale and Southport (59), Wheldon!! St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon!! Mons. Renauld refers specimens collected at Lough Neagh, county Armagh, by the Rev. C. H. Waddell, to this variety, and Mr. H. N. Dixon kindly sent me a specimen from Castlethorpe (24)!! These appear to be the only British localities. IV.-—H. lycopodioides Schwegr. (7/7. aduncum 6 molle Sanio). Dioicous. In large depressed patches, very soft, golden or greenish yellow above, fuscous below. Stems little divided, branched irregularly, branches scarcely pinnate, few, hardly hooked. Stems really slender, but rendered very turgid-looking by the crowded concave leaves. In this respect it resembles HT. scorpiotdes, but the tufts are never tinged with purple. It occasionally gives off very slender shoots, which are liable to be mistaken for H. Wilsonz. Leaves large, concave, secund-falcate, oval or oblong, more or less rapidly narrowed to a long fine acumen, slightly sulcate and rugulose when dry, entire, base broadly and not deeply excavate, angles very slightly decurrent. Naturalist, Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. 75 Cells, upper linear, thin-walled, acute, basal long, rectangular, incrassate, porose, those of the auricles a little dilated, sub- hexagonal with coloured walls, not distinctly separated from the others. g. Ainsdale and Southport (59), Wilson, Marratt, Holt, Whitehead, etc., where it still grows abundantly and occasion- ally fruits.. In the first-named locality an unusually obese form occurs, the stems having a remarkably stout appearance due to the very densely crowded leaves. St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon !! 10. North Riding of Yorkshire, Teesdale. Pilmoor (62), Baker; spruces | otockton Porest (62), Spruce; Wheldon! ‘Strensall Common (62), Baker; Ingham! Skipwith Common (61), Ingham. Semer Water, near Hawes (65), Baker; Wheldon! 11. Prestwick Carr (67), Thornhill. Wuiddy Bank Fell (66), Baker; Ingham! . V.—[Hypnum Capillifolium Warnst. (H. aduncum var. Schimpert Sanio). A marked feature of this interesting plant is its strongly excurrent nerve. Mr. Dixon refers here some speci- mens found in post-glacial deposits at Mundesley, Norfolk, by Mr. Clement Reid. It should be looked for in the north, as it is a boreal species. | VI.—Hypnum uncinatum Hedw. (H. aduncum Linn. Amblystegium aduncum Lindb.). Pale or yellowish green, decumbent or suberect, remotely pinnately branched, branches falcato-incurved at apex. Leaves long, strongly falcate-secund, toothed, from a truncate base broadly lanceolate, piliform subu- late-acuminate, strongly plicate. Decurrent angles of small, not swollen, rectangular, hyaline cells. Perichastium very prominent, of erect, lanceolate, plicate, leaves, long nerved. Annulus of three rows of cells. Outer peristome teeth with a faint border, transversely striate. Autoicous. Frequent in subalpine places, on walls, tree trunks, and damp ground. Not a marsh plant. I have records of its occurrence in numerous localities in the following vice-counties :—57 to 60, 62 to 67, 69, 70. Forma plumosa Ren. (var. plumosum Schimp.). More slender, greener, prostrate, more closely pinnate. Leaves narrower, often contracted above the base, with a long and fine circinate point. | 9. Near Preston (60), H. Beesley! Greygarth Fell (60), A. Wilson. : 10. Hebden Bridge (63), Crossland and Needham! Holwick (65), Wheldon! Beamsley Moor (63), A. Wilson. 11. Falcon Clints (66), Wheldon! 1902 March 3. “6 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. Var. plumulosum Schimp. Darker coloured, much more slender, prostrate, intricately branched. Leaves hardly at all striate, subentire, smaller and shorter. Capsule smaller. 10. Mickle Fell (65), Wheldon! Hebden Bridge (63), Crossland and Needham. ; 11. High Force (66), Ingham! , Hypnum fluitans Linn. Monoicous or dioicous. Pale or vellowish-green, passing sometimes to chestnut, purple, or brown. Stem varying from 10 to 30 cm. in length, usually hooked at the extremity, more or less regularly pinnate. Leaves frequently falcate, oblong or oblong lanceolate, sometimes nar- rowed below some distancé above the insertion, terminating in an acuminate point, which is normally denticulate, sometimes dentate, more rarely sinuolate or subentire, smooth or slightly striate. Nerve generally entering the acumen, sometimes reach- ing the point or a little excurrent. Texture close. Cells linear, remaining elongate almost to the base. Basal cells passing abruptly to those of the stem, angular cells sometimes igflated forming swollen auricles more or less distinctly separated, and frequently extending to the nerve. Perichztial leaves entire, nerved, smooth. Annulus none. External teeth punctate or very teebly striate, scarcely limbate.” (See less 1 moan poi) Group Amphibium Ren. (Z@. fluctans 5 amphtbium Sno.). Usually monoicous, often fertile. Tufts pale,green, stems floating or in depressed patches, slender, slightly divided, occa- sionally imperfectly pinnate. Leaves rather distant, loosely appressed, flexuose or spreading, feebly secund below, terminal ones more falcate-secund, narrow, margin denticulate below or all round, and sometimes dentate above, rarely subentire. Nerve relatively narrow, rarely exceeding three-quarters, more usually reaching a little more than half-way, and sometimes still shorter, in some forms showing a tendency to become forked. Texture thin, cells linear, very narrow, little altered except at the extreme base, the angular cells very little dilated, forming badly- defined auricles which are very slightly or not at all swollen. Fruit stalk very long. The plants of this section are found principally in peat-bogs, and ascend from the levei of the sea to Over 2,000 feet in West Lancashire. Mature leaves from the best developed plants should be selected for examination. (See ier ily [a Cita) *This arrangement, uniting A. fluztans and FH. exannulatum, is not usually recognised by British bryologists, but there can be no question that it is a natural one, all the forms intimately intergrading. Naturalist, Wheldon: The North of England Hurpidta. a Var. Jeanbernati Ren. (var. paludosum Sanio). The name Jeanbernatt of Renauld (1879) takes priority over that of paludosum Sanio (1880), having been published a year earlier. Monoicous. Pale green above, sometimes pale reddish-brown below, slender, very little branched, loosely floating, or rather compactly tufted, forming depressed mats when the pools are partially dried in Shiner Leaves rather distant, terminal falcate-secund, loosely appressed or feebly secund below, some- times slightly spreading towards the base, narrow, oblong lanceolate, sinuolate denticulate, sometimes distantly dentate above, narrowed to a short acuminate point, which is sometimes wide, but occasionally narrower. Nerve narrow, reaching about two-thirds. Upper cells very long, those of the angles Metle dilated, forming very obscurely -defined auricles. 9. Woolston Moss (58), W. Wilson! Ex herb. E. C. Horrell. Hale Moss (58), Whitehead!! Abbotts Moss (58), Holt !! White Moss, Hindburn; and Harris End Fell (60), A. Wilson and Wheldon!! Bleasdale Fell and Marshaw (60), A. Wilson! Greenbank Fell and Greygarth Fell (60),,A. Wilson and Wheldon! 10. Skipwith Common (61), Ingham! ! Gibslack Moor, near Wadsworth (63), Needham and Crossland! Whernside (64), Fi.N. Dixon. Forma tenella Ren. Musc. Gall., 1894 (var. ¢enellum Ren. Class. Harpid. in Revue Bryolog., 1881). Stems very slender, flexuose, filiform. Leaves distant, small, patent, divaricate, narrowly lanceolate. Bears the same relation to var. /eanbernati that forma gracilis does to A. aduncum (pseudo-fluttans) var. paternum, and is sometimes mixed with the first-named. It was placed by Sanio under H. aduncum pseudo-fontanum. 9g. Bleasdale Fell, near Calder Vale, and Harris End Fell, (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson! 10. Skipwith Common, W. Ingham! . Forma Holleri (Sanio) Ren. Pale green, in depressed patches. Tufts rather dense. Stems slender, flexuose, slightly and irregularly branched. Leaves distant, flexuose, spreading slightly, lanceolate, finely acuminate, slightly denticulate or sub- entire. Nerve weak and little exceeding the middle. Cells shorter. Angular cells smaller and auricles almost obsolete. This is the H. fluztans (obsoletum) var. Hollert Sanio, but Mons. Renauld has recently come to the conclusion, already hinted at in his monograph, that it is only a state of his var. Jeanbernatz. Having. had many opportunities of seeing the two plants grow- ing, I have no hesitation in accepting this conclusion, and 1902 March 3. 78 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. accordingly describe the plant here rather than in the group obsoletum. Many of the British forms hitherto referred here must be placed under var. atlanticum Ren. 9. Tatham Moor, Cotshaw Fell, and Hawthornthwaite Fell (60), A. Wilson!! Mallowdale Fell (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson !! Forma condensata Sanio. Stems short and tufts compact. Appears to be merely a starved state of dried-up marshes. 8. Crowden Brook, Edale (57), W. R. Linton.. : 9. White Moss, Hindburn (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson!! Var. atlanticum Ren. (Journ. Bot., 1901). Approaching the var. Jeanbernati, but differing in its glossy green colour, its leaves wider, oval, more suddenly narrowed to a shorter acumen and usually densely chlorophyllose. Nerve wider at base (58-64 p. as against 46-48 »). Basal cells wider and shorter, gradually longer above, chlorophyllose. For a fuller description see Journ. Bot., 1901, p. 277, ‘New Varieties of Hypnum fluttans,’ by fi N. Dixon. 8. Kinder, near Hayfield, and Redcar Brook, above Dove (57), W. R. Linton ! g. River Wyre, Wyresdale (60), Albert Wilson!! Pendle Hill (59), Wheldon !! Calder Valley, above Oakenclough (60), A. Wilson! Longridge Fell (60), Wheldon! Black side of Tarnbrook Fell, Hare Apple Tree Moss, and Abbeystead Fell (60), A. Wilson and J. A. Wheldon. 10. Near Halifax, a large submerged form (63), Crossland ! Forma gracilis Ren. More slender, leaves smaller, but of similar form to the type. - Nerve narrower, but the cells remain wider than in var. /eanbernatz. to. Arncliff Wood (62), W. Ingham!! It is probable that this variety, which has already been found in France (Lachenaud) and North America (Dr. Grout), will be found not only widely spread, but variable, and the var. Hollerz may have to be subordinated to it. They require further study. Var. elatum Ren. et Arnell. More laxly tufted than the last, loosely intricate and floating. Stems more robust, and more branched, the branches again pinnately divided. Leaves larger, more crowded, somewhat falcate, oblong or oblong lanceolate, truncate at the base, rather suddenly contracted to a rather wide and short acumen, denticulate. Nerve narrow, reaching three-quarters, or shorter. Cells long and narrow, auricles ill defined, their cells sometimes a little swollen. This approaches very closely to the var. /eunbernatz, but is taller, Naturalist, Wheldon : The North of England Harpidia. 79 more robust, less compactly tufted, with larger and broader leaves, and subpinnate branches. g. Cockerham Moss, in deep cutting in the peat (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson?! ‘ Var. gracile Boul. Tufts soft, green. Stems slender, gracile, slightly branched. Leaves distant, erect patent below, falcate-secund above, narrow, contracted at the base, with a long slender, sometimes filiform, acumen, which is denticulate or strongly dentate. Nerve thin, reaching a little beyond the middle. Auricles ill defined, their cells slightly swollen. Although often bright green when growing, it soon fades, and old herbarium specimens are usually more or less pale fuscous yellow. Ascends from sea level to over 2,000 feet in Lancashire and Yorkshire. Distinguished from the var. /ean- bernatt by its narrower, more lanceolate leaves, with more slender points. A small-leaved form with more falcate leaves (forma abbreviata Ren.) occurs on Greygarth Fell and Ingle- borough. Another remarkable form with decurrent leaves occurs on Greygarth Fell which may merit description after further observation. g. Pendle Hill (59), Wheldon! Longridge Fell (60), Whel- don!! Greygarth Fell, Botton Head Fell, and Whiteray Fell (60), A. Wilson!! Cockerham Moss (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson. Burn Moor (60), A. Wilson. 10. Near Boltby (62), R. Barnes! Ingleborough and Whern- side (64), Wheldon! Skipwith Common (61), Ingham!! Ilkley Moor (63), A. Wilson. Beamsley Moor (63), A. Wilson. 12. Potter Fell (69), Rev. C. H. Waddell. Forma Jaxifolia Ren. (H. aduncum var. pseudo-fontanum Sanio of Br. British Moss Flora). Pale yellowish green. Stems elongated, floating, intricate, with very short branches or nearly simple. Leaves falcate-secund above, more distant, flexuose patent below, strongly denticulate, narrowly lanceolate, pro- longed into an extremely long filiform twisted acumen. Basal cells lax, angular rectangular, very decurrent as in var. sub- mersum Schimp. It seems impossible to unite this with H: aduncum without unduly straining all the characters of that plant. A comparison with H. fluttans (amphibtum) var. gracile Boul. will at once make evident the fact that it is a deep-water form of that very variable plant. 9g. Oakmere (58), Holt !! 1902 March 3. So Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. Var. Payoti Ren. Tufts submerged;:pale green, vinous red below. Stems long, slender, prostrate and: intricately inter- lacing. Leaves rather distant, erect patent, slightly flexuose, not at all secund except at the extreme apex of the stems, narrowly oblong lanceolate, finely but shortly acuminate, slightly denticulate. Nerve reddish, thin, reaching sometimes three-quarters. Basal cells’often a little thickened and coloured. Auricles strongly decurrent, sometimes a little swollen, but not abruptly separated from the rest-of the lower cells... The habit of this plant is very marked. g. [Greenbank Fell (60), Wheldon and - Waren i aes was not quite typical, but agrees better with this than any of our forms. Mons. Renauld said of our specimens ‘ad var. Payott accedens.’| aAaes 3 Var. submersum Schimp. A slender, elongated floating form, with very distant, patent leaves, not falcate, from.a broad base, with decurrent auricular cells, lax almost to the nerve, hyaline, but little dilated. We have seen no specimens of this collected in the North of England. Other forms are frequently erroneously referred to it. A plant from Boltby, North York- shire, collected by Mr. R. Barnes, approaches it nearly, but I have not had the name confirmed. Var. setiforme Ren. Loosely fufted, submersed, of a glossy yellow green above, passing to red and brown. Stems of moderate length, straight, simple, or with a few very short pinne. Leaves erecto-patent, nearly straight below; and only slightly secund at the extremities, very long (5-7 mm.), lanceo- late, gradually narrowed almost from the base, terminating in a long setaceous point, with large recurved teeth. -Nerve narrow. Cells generally very long. - Auricles small, of few slightly-inflated yellowish cells. 10. Flints Reservoir, Soyland, near Halifax (63), C. Cross- land. Referred to this var. originally by Mr. Dixon, and accepted by Mons. Renauld, as a form of var. setzforme somewhat approaching var. gracile. It seems sufficiently distinct in its colour and the erect spreading leaves, which are less narrowed below. - The Soyland specimens have a shorter leaf point than the original specimens. Var. Robertsi# Ren.& Dixon and var. squalidum Ren. and Dixon, belonging to this group, should be looked for in the North of England. They are described in Journal of Botany, 1QOl, Pp. 7277 SO ee eee ee eee a re Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. 81 Group falcatum Ren. (H. fluttans B falcatum Bry. Europ.). Monoicous. Tufts yellow, passing to red or green above, becoming deep chestnut or brown below. Leaves falcate, strongly curved, crowded, more or less truncate based, sinuo- late or slightly toothed above. Nerve wide andlong. Texture firm, cells very long and narrow, those of the base and angles with incrassate walls, often coloured orange red, small, little dilated, shortly rectangular or quadrate, forming small more or less distinct auricles. These are composed of smaller more numerous cells than in the succeeding groups. (See fig. 2, p. gt.) Var. falcatum Schimp. Tufts yellowish, more or less fuscous-reddish below. Stems of moderate length, erect, subsimple. . Leaves rather closely arranged, falcato-recurved throughout, the lower lanceolate, upper oblong-lanceolate, with a shortly subulate acumen, involute below. Male flowers numerous. — 9. Abbotts Moss (58), Holt! Pendle Hill (59), Wheldon! Harris End Fell, Calder Valley above Oakenclough, Tatham Moor, Lower Bleasdale, near Garstang,!! and Fairsnape Fell (60), A. Wilson! Tarnbrook -Fell (60), A. Wilson and Wheldon ! 4 1o. Hebden Bridge (63), Crossland and Needham! Rams- pilgiceke Nidderdale. (64), J. S-. Wesley! Simon, Seat, Wharfedale (63), Dixon. Ilkley Moor (63), A. Wilson. . Skip- with (61), Ingham. 11. Burnhope Seat (66), Ingham! (teste Dixon). nore hell (60), Rev. ©. EH. Waddell ! Var. anglicum Sanio. (H. fluztans anglicum homophyllum Floltazzi Sanio. FH. fluitans var. Holtit Sanio of Braithw. British Moss Flora). Stems elongated, rather rigid, yellowish green above, fuliginose-fuscescent below, pinnate with numerous short, crowded, erect branches. Leaves erecto-patent, lanceo- late, with a long flexuose subulate acumen. Aurrcles approaching more nearly those of the Group AmphAzbium, margin remotely denticulate. Habit and colour very distinct. Mons. Renauld looks upon this as a transition form connect- ing the Groups Amphibium and falcatum, but places it with the latter on account of its colour. 9g. Abbotts Moss (58), G. A. Holt (locus classicus), June 1887. Var. ovale Ren. MS. (in litt. ad Wheld.). Journ. Bot., rgo1, p. 299. Dark vellowish green, suffused with smoke brown, in 1902 March 3. 82 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. habit resembling small forms of var. atlanticum, but with narrower cells and of a more lurid colour. Stems slightly branched, procumbent. Leaves from an oval base, rather suddenly contracted to a moderate recurved, rather fine sub- entire acumen, which is canaliculate below. Basal cells slightly incrassate, sometimes coloured, auricles almost obsolete, of small square cells when present. Nerve reaching base of acumen, but often shorter, and sometimes forked, especially in branch leaves, in which it is sometimes nearly obsolete. Per- haps more closely related to Group Amphzbtum ? 9. Greygarth Fell, at 1,800 feet (60), Albert Wilson !! Pendle Hill (60), Wheldon. : | 10. Denton Moor (65), A. Wilson! Warley, near Halifax (63) (somewhat doubtful), Crossland! Falcon Clints (66), Wheldon! Var. Arnellii Sanio. In deep, soft tufts, green on the surface, brown in the interior. Stems floating, regularly and sometimes closely pinnate. Leaves long, narrowly oblong- lanceolate, with very long attenuated denticulate points. Nerve very strong, reaching about three-quarters or more. Upper cells long and narrow, with thin walls; basal rectangular, incrassate, angular ones yellowish, with incrassate walls, not dilated ; forming auricles which are sometimes rounded on the outer margin, but not always. This was placed by Sanio in the ce Amphibium, but we follow Mons. Renauld in retaining it here. 1o. Strensall Common (62), Holt. Skipwith Common (61), Ingham ! (teste Dr. Braithwaite). GRouP exannulatum Ren., Musc. Gall. (7. fluttans var. exannulatum Ren., Rev. Harpid., 1870. B exannulatum Sanio, 1883. AH. exannulatum Guemb., 1854). Dioicous. Yellowish green, often purpurascent, more or less compactly tufted, erect or procumbent, pinnate, with circinato- incurved branches, Leaves crowded, glossy, uncinate, secund, denticulate or subentire, basal margin usually serrate, some- times lightly striate, especially when dry. Nerve strong and wide, reaching nearly to the apex, and sometimes slightly ex- current. Cells often wider than in the preceding group, the angular ones dilated, forming large swollen auricles, which are hyaline, distinct, and sometimes extend to the nerve. (See NSS fo, Chita) Var. pinnatum Boul. Yellowish green or green. Stems of moderate length, erect, rigid, pinnate. Leaves falcate-secund, Naturalist, Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. 83 x oval or oval-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, with a slender acumen of varying length, denticulate above, serrate below. Nerve reaching high in the acumen. Auricles large, swollen, hyaline, rounded, of rather numerous cells, with usually thin walls. 8. Hulland Moss and Brackenfield Green (57), W. R. Linton! g. Hale Moss (58), Whitehead! Pendle Hill (59), Wheldon! Greygarth Fell, Borwick, Calder Valley, Tarnbrook Fell, Bleas- dale Fell, etc. (60), A. Wilson!! Mallowdale Fell and White Moss, Hindburn (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson! ! copeitolwick= Fell” (65); Wheldon! Ingleton Fell (64), -Wheldon! Terrington Carr (62), W. Ingham. 12. Benson Knot (69), C. H. Waddell. Forma acuta Sanio (4. exannulatum acutum assimile Sanio). Leaves wider, more shortly pointed, less strongly falcate. The connecting link between var. pzmnatum Boul. and var. brachy- dictyon Ren. This and the next are the two forms referred to by Mons. Renauld in the note to var. fpznnatum in Muscologia Gallica, p- 385. g. Whittington Moor (60), A. Wilson!! Gavell’s Clough (60), Wilson. Occurs also in the South of England (Pirbright Common (17), Sherrin and Horrell)!! and elsewhere. Forma stenophylloides Ren. © Stems longer, leaves nar- rower, with a longer and finer acumen, the upper leaves of the stems and branches strongly falcate. The passage from var. pinnatum to the var. falczfolium Ren. (Group Rote), which it resembles in its long falciform leaves and frequently very regularly pinnate stems. » & tarland Bdge, Beeley (57), W. R. Linton! 9g. Tatham Moor, Hindburn (60), A. Wilson!! Tarnbrook Fell and Fairsnape Clough (60), A. Wilson. Ireby Fell, Whel- don and Wilson. 10. [Wearhead (66), W. Ingham. An anomalous form which I place here with some hesitation. | Forma gracilescens Ren. Less erect and less robust generally. Stems more slender, less regularly pinnate, some- times subsimple. 8. Hulland Moss (57), Rev. W. R. Linton (?). g. Abbotts Moss (58), James Cash!! Woolston Moss (58), Wm. Wilson ! 10. Strensall Common (62), Wheldon! Skipwith Common (61), W. Ingham. Ilkley (64), H. N. Dixon! Riccall Common (61), Wm. West! : 1902 March 3. 84 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. Forma montana Ren. Stems rigid, much divided, rather short and stout, the divisions irregularly pinnate. Deep fuscous brown, the very strongly-hooked tips of the stems and branches only being of a yellowish green. Leaves very strongly falcate throughout, at the apices almost circinate, firm in texture from a broadly-ovate base, suddenly narrowed above to a long, invo- lute recurved point. Nerve strong, from a very broad base, prolonged into the commencement of the acumen. This form, of which I have seen no description, has a well- marked facies, recalling some forms of Hypnum revolvens. In its very strong nerve and rather shorter cells, it approaches the var. brachydictyon, but the general habit and shape of the leaves are quite different. 8. Hulland Moss (57), W. R. Linton ! g. Walton Bog (58), W. Wilson! ex herb. E. C. Horrell. Hale Moss (58), Cook and Whitehead !! 10. Denton Moor, Ilkley (64), A. Wilson! Saltonstall Moor, Halifax (63), Crossland! Near Cronkley, Weesdale (65), Wheldon! } a Forma polyclada Ren. MS. — Growing in large, densely- compact cushions, of a glossy golden-green colour above, pale fuscescent below. Stems rather robust, several times divided, the divisions densely ramose, with crowded, erect, not bifarious branches, which are usually falcate, and strongly hooked at the extremities. Leaves, lower narrowly lanceolate, upper from an ovate base gradually contracted into a long, slender recurved acumen, margin serrulate below, subentire above. Auricles very distinct, of inflated cells, sometimes extending to the nerve, which latter is often tinged with orange-red on the line of insertion, the coloration being confined to the extreme base and middle, and is rarely, but sometimes faintly, traceable in the auricles. The walls of the auricular cells in the upper leaves are thin and hyaline, in the lower a little incrassate, and occa- sionally yellowish. Habit very distinct, both as regards the large cushions in which it grows, the golden colour, the method of branching and the very silky texture. It is: intermediate between vars. pinnatum and purpurascens. 8. Umberley Brook, Chatsworth (57), W. R. Linton! 9. Mallowdale Fell (60), Wheldon and’ A. Wilson!! Gavell’s Clough and Tarnbrook Fell, Wvyresdale (60), A. Wilson ! 2s | Barbon Fell (69), E. D: Marquand and C. H. Waddell! This was not quite typical. Naturalisi, Wheldon : The North of England Harpidia. 85 Var. brachydictyon Ren. Green, in broad patches, laxly tufted. Stems slender, erect, pinnate. Upper leaves short, feebly secund, oval at the base, often sulcate, terminating in a broad short acumen. Nerve thick and wide. Cells short, oblong- sublinear, the lower very short, those of the large, rounded, swollen auricles numerous, dilated with usually thin walls. Frequently referred to H. aduncum, on account of its short lax basal cells. The firmer texture, thicker nerve, and occa- sionally denticulate margin will assist in identifying it. g. Morley Common and Oakmere (58), Wm. Wilson! Rain- ford Moss and Netherton (59), Wheldon!! Longridge Fell (60), Wheldon!! White Moss, Hindburn (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson. 1o. Strensall Common (62), Wheldon! Skipwith Common (61), Ingham! Pilmoor (62), W. Ingham! Var. purpurascens Schimp. Often entirely purple, but sometimes purple and green. Stems rather compactly tufted, . densely branched. Leaves crowded, more or less falcate, oblong-lanceolate, with a moderate point, striate, small. Nerve purple, reaching nearly to the apex, stout. Cells of medium length, between those of the vars. pennatum and brachydictyon, but seeming narrower on account of the more incrassate walls. Auricles triangular, of large dilated cells, which are elongate, incurved, few in number, sometimes arranged in a single row, with usually somewhat incrassate walls. This variety connects the Group exannulatum with Group Rote. 8. Harland Edge, Beeley (57), W. R. Linton! g. Fishpool and Blackstone Edge (58), Holt! Calder Valley, above Oakenclough (60), A. Wilson!! Harris End Fell (60), A. Wilson. 10. Whernside (64), Wheldon ! 11. Weardale (66), Ingham ! 12. Above Staveley Hill Head (69), Waddell! Barrow Mountain (69), Mrs. Monsarrat. Mardale (69), A. Wilson! SUB-GRoup Rote Ren. (Hypnum exannulatum y Rote Schimp. Amblystegium Rote DeNot. Hypnum stenophyllum Wilson. Hypnum fluitans var. Stenophyllum Schimp.). Dioicous, almost always sterile, usually purplish, rarely entirely green. Leaves rather distant, narrower and longer than in group exannulatum, with piliform attenuated points, toothed. Nerve strong, percurrent or excurrent, sometimes 1902 March 3. 86 Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. rather shorter, but always reaching high in the acumen. Reti- culation denser than in var. pennatum, cells much narrower and longer, vermicular. Auricles very distinct, of large oblong- elongated cells, the outermost incurved, often arranged in a single series, their walls frequently incrassate and coloured. (Seegioe A 0.p. sors) | Var. falcifolium Ren. Usually more or less purplish or brownish, mixed with green. Tufts submerged. Stems 5-10 cm. or longer, pinnate. Leaves falcate above, suberect flexuose below, rather lax, lanceolate, narrowed to a long, often spirally- twisted, distantly-dentate acumen. Nerve lost in the acumen or reaching the point, but not distinctly excurrent. Cells very long and narrow. Auricles of the group. The name séenophyllum Wils., having been applied generally. to plants of this group, is, in the absence of original specimens, abandoned by Mons. Renauld. I have received a plant from Mr. Horrell labelled ‘ Mypnum stenophyllum Wils., teste W. Wilson, Strensall Common, May 1859. Coll. W.-Wilson.- Ex herb. Mus. Brit.’ ~This differs’ im very few respects from the var. Azznatum Boul., and is no doubt a state of that. The nerve is by no means long, the auricles are those of the last group rather than this, and the cells too short for the Group Rofe as now understood. 8. Hulland Moss (57), W. R. Linton. 9. Hale Moss (58), W. Wilson. Simmonswood Moss (59), Marrat. Martin Mere, near Southport (59), Wheldon! St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon! Between Greenbank and Dolphinholme (60), Wheldon!! Marsham (60), A. Wilson. Catforth (60), H. Beesley ! ' 10. Pilmoor (62), Ingham! Strensall Common, 1859 (62), W. Wilson! Sandburn Common (62), Wheldon! Skipwith Common (61), Ingham and Waddell. Denton Moor, near Ilkley (63), A. Wilson! Forma viridis Boul. Green. Stems floating, more elongate and slender, slightly divided, a few short, pinnately-arranged branches in the upper part of the stem. Leaves very long, generally less crowded, the upper circinate, secund, rather dense, the lower flexuose, falcate-spreading, laxer. Cells of the auricles with walls hardly, or only slightly, incrassate. g. Near the Marshaw Wyre, above Marshaw (60), A. Wilson. 10. Greenfield (63), Wheldon!! ‘ Bien caracterize,’ Ren. Forma inundata Ren. Tufts deep, green above, brown below. Stems immersed, erect, elongated, regularly pinnate. Naturalist, Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. 87 Branch leaves often small, narrowly linear; flexuose-spreading, giving it a handsome plumose appearance. Stem-leaves falcate. g. Over Wyresdale (60), Wilson and Wheldon ! Tt. Wearhead (66), Inghant!! ‘Bien caracterize,’ Ren. Strensall Common (62), Ingham!! Coatham: Marshes (62), Ingham!! ‘Ad forma zrundata accedens,’ Ren. SECTION I].—LEAVES TRUNCATE AT THE BASE, NOT AURICLED. Hl. vernicosum Lindb. Dioicous. In large tufts, pale yellow, passing to red or brown. Stems erect, rigid, pinnate, hooked. Leaves glossy, secund, hamato-reflexed from the middle, or at the point only, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, concave, with a rapidly-contracted short recurved canaliculate acumen, entire, strongly sulcate, neither decurrent nor auricled. Nerve short, flexuose, reaching a little beyond the middle. Cells narrowly vermicular, flexuose, subobtuse, about fifteen times as long as wide, about two or three rows at the base coloured of a red-brown, with incrassate walls, rounded quad- rate, one or two rows above these narrowly oblong or sublinear. Perichetial bracts lanceolate, deeply sulcate, lower recurved, upper erect, nerved. Capsule oblong, arcuate, subhorizontal, contracted below the mouth, on a reddish seta twisted to the icize annulus broad: Peristome teeth finely punctate. The cuticular cells of the stem often adhere to the bases of the leaves when they are detached, and may be mistaken for true auricles. 8. Kinder Scout (57), Holt! 9. Wybunbury Bog (58), W. Wilson! (ex herb. E. C. Horrell). 10. Mickle Fell (65), Wheldon ! 12. Head of Kentmere (69), and near Haweswater and Gras- mere (69), Binstead. Var. majus Lindb. Much more robust (as large as #H. Wilsont var. hamatum), fuscescent. Stems flexuose, distantly- pinnately branched. Leaves larger, less falcate, often only Cinvedat tne point im the lower leaves, termimal strongly hooked, sometimes faintly striate. Nerve wider, less flexuose. Cells longer, the marginal narrower. 5. Longmynd (40), R. de G. Benson !! g. Bog near Docker (60), Albert Wilson! ! Mons. Renauld states that these latter accord well with specimens from the North of Europe received from Dr. Sanio. HT. revolvens Swartz. Monoicous and dioicous. In large, solbmoreen, brown, Of purple tufts, glossy. JLeaves dense, 1902 March 3. 88 _ Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. circinate, secund, sometimes slightly crisped or flexuose, spread- ing at the points, acumen twisted, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed more or less rapidly to a linear, sometimes subulate- canaliculate point, not plicate, subentire, truncate at the base. not at all, or very briefly, decurrent. Cglls narrow, vermicular, with thick walls, the basal rounded quadrate in one or two rows, with incrassate walls which are sinuous and sometimes porose, the angular not enlarged. This is composed of the following three segregates :— Forma typica Ren. (#. revolvens Swartz). Monoicous, often fertile. In large, soft, rufous-purple and green, or blackish tufts, with a metallic gloss. Stems irregularly divided, with rather few imperfectly pinnate branches. Leaves large, densely crowded, circinate, from an ovate or oblong-lanceolate base, tapering into a very long fine canaliculate acumen, which is recurved usually until it almost reaches the base forming a circle. Base truncate, not excavate nor decurrent. Nerve narrow, but rather strong. Cells long, narrow, and incrassate, vermicular, the suprabasal ones nearly all prosenchymatous. Not distinct or decurrent at the angles. 8. Carr Meadow (57), Whitehead. Buxton (57), ~. Ley. Kinder Scout (57), Holt! Whitehead! Staley Brushes (58), Whitehead! Wybunbury Bog (58), W. Wilson! 9g. Southport and Ainsdale (59), Wheldon!! Pendle Hill (59), Wheldon! Ireby Fell, Marshaw Fell, and Harris End Fell (60), A. Wilson! St. Anne’s (60), Wheldon! Udale and Roeburndale (60),, Wheldon and A. Wilson!! Ireby ell (60), A. Wilson. Burnley (59), Holt. Haweswater (60), Wheldon ! Borwick Swamp (60), A. Wilson. 10. Hambleton Hills, near Hawnby (62), Wheldon! Mickle Fell (65), Wheldon! Beamsley Beacon (63), West! Malham Tarn (64) and near Todmorden (63), Nowell! Ilkley Moor and Beamsley Moor (63), A. Wilson! 12. Riggindale Ridge, Mardale (69), A. Wilson! Loughrigg (69), Gore. Helvellyn (69), Clowes. Patterdale (6a) (G. H. Bryan)! Deep Ghyll and Barbondale (69), Stabler. ) Var. Cossoni Ren. (Hvp. Cossont Schimp.). Dioicous or sterile. Robust, taller, frequently richly coloured, reddish brown. Stems more or less regularly pinnate. Leaves larger, more distant, less regularly circinate, the tip of the acumen generally flexuose, spirally twisted and spreading. Nerve a little wider. Cells slightly shorter than in the type, the supra- Naturalist, Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. 89 basilar consisting of a mixture parenchymatous and _ prosen- chymatous tissue. Mons. Renauld considers this to be connected with the type and the succeeding variety by intermediate forms; it resembles the former in the lengthgof its cells and leaves, and the latter in its sterility and partly parenchymatous areolation. Mr. Holt, who has paid much attention to this group, considers that it is certainly a form of H/. zntermedium rather than H. revolvens. — Saikinder Scout (57), Holt. Gy Southport «50),° Holt (teste Sanio); Birkdale (so), .a somewhat intermediate form, Wheldon!! Upper Roeburn- dale (60), Whelden and Wilson! Docker (60), A. Wilson ! 12. Loughrigg (69), Gore! Canswick Tarn, Kendal (69), Waddell! High Street, Mardale (69), A. Wilson! Forma falcata (Sanio) Ren. Glossy, spadiceous to yellowish- green. Stems elongated, slender, rather rigid and wiry, some- times denuded of leaves below, sparingly branched, branches subpinnate, falcate. Leaves distant, from an erect-falcate base narrowed into a very long, slender, patent, distantly-dentate point, secund, strongly falcate, but not at all circinate, except very occasionally at the tips of some of the branches. g. Udale (60), Wheldon and A. Wilson. 12. Widdy Bank Fell (66), Ingham !! I have seen no description, nor have I been able to find any reference to A. Cossonzt forma falcata Sanio. The above description is from a specimen so named by Mons. Renauld, but it appears to be very different from Sanio’s HH. znlermedium verum falcatum. That is evidently an tntermedium form, and this is just as certainly more nearly related to var. Cossonz. It would appear that there are in reality analagous forms of these two closely-related varieties. Mr. Dixon holds that H. Cossonz and zmtermedium intergrade, which is no doubt the case. Mons. Renauld also emphasises this view, but keeps them distinct. The extremes are easily recognisable, and it is convenient for purposes of reference, and to facilitate further study, to have names for forms which keep recurring, although it appears to be almost impossible to satisfactorily describe them. Some of the forms which are most distinct and easily recognisable in the field are extremely difficult to separate on paper. Var. intermedium (Lindb.) Ren. (4. ¢ntermedium Lindb.). Dioicous or sterile, rarely fruiting. Tufts yellowish-green, green above and brownish below, or sometimes more or less fuscous throughout. Stems less robust than in the preceding, simply 1902 March 3. go Wheldon - The North of England Harpidia. divided or irregularly pinnate. Leaves usually smaller, less rigidly circinate, with a shorter acumen, sometimes slightly spreading, often flexuose and twisted, and even decidedly crisped. Cells shorter, less incrassate, the suprabasal ones nearly all parenchymatous, with straight or oblique transverse walls. The basal cells are usually less incrassate and less coloured. 8. Deeping Fen (53), S. Gasking! Kinder Scout (57), Holt! g. Hale Moss (58), G. E. Hunt (sub nom. A. Sendtnerz) !! Whiteley Dean and Southport (59), Holt! Ainsdale (59), W. Wilson! > Still there, Wiheldon'! !-- Weiehtan seek (Go), A. Wilson! Birkdale, Wheldon! To. Strensall Common: -(62),; Holt:, Northallerton 42): Wheldon! Askern (63), Ingham! 12. Broadgate Bog, Staveley (69), C. H. Waddell! Forma falcata Sanio (/7. zntlermedium verum falcatum Sanio). Differs from the corresponding form of H. Cossonz in its paler vellower tint, less glossy, much shorter and smaller leaves, with the basal areolation of var. zzfermedium. ‘The leaves are falcate throughout, less crowded, not crisped or twisted when dry. 9g. Southport (59), G. A. Holt! (teste Sanio). H. Scorpioides |... Dioicous, robust. Procumbent, yellowish, passing to reddish-brown, purple, or black. Stems rendered tumid by the very concave leaves. Leaves oval, or oval-oblong, large, rugose, and undulated when dry, obtusely acuminate or apiculate, entire, or sometimes with a longer, acute, denticulate acumen. Nerve short and double, or obsolete, very faint. Cells long and narrow, with incrassate and porose walls. Seta long. Annulus of three rows of cells. Deep bogs, either siliceous or calcareous, rather rare. Sanio describes vars. angustijolium, julaceum, fuligineum, and rubrotinctum, some of which should be found in Britain. g. Baguley Moor and Wybunbury Bog (58), W. Wilson! ‘Brookhouse Moss (58), J. Cash! Fairbage Moor, near Glossop (58), J. Whitehead. Marshaw Fell, Leighton Beck, near Silverdale, and bog near Docker (60), -A. Wilson! Sparingly in a swamp near Southport (59), F. P. Marrat. Hareley Wood, near Todmorden (59), John Nowell. 10. Stockton Forest and Verrington Carr (62); R- Spruce: Battersby Moor (62), W. Mudd. Strensall Common (62), J. G. Baker! Malham Tarn (64), John Nowell. 12. Naddle Forest and Windermere (69), Stabler. Bowness (69), Barnes. Benson Knott (69), Waddell! Grisedale (69), W. B. Waterfall. Loughrigg (69), Gore! Naturalist, ie, OO eeeeeeeeeer_e_ = Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. gI I have to record my grateful thanks to many kind friends for Specimens received during the preparation of this paper, all duly acknowledged under the respective species; but I would especially mention my indebtedness to Messrs. G. A. Holt, E. C. Horrell, and A. Wilson, who have supplied both intorma- tion and specimens which have been of the utmost service ; without such help, and that previously mentioned, this very full list would have been an impossibility. Numerous records and specimens which have passed through my hands are unnoticed in this compilation, owing to uncertainty as to where they should be placed. A few to which less doubt’ attaches, but which still require further observation before un- qualified admission to our list, are enclosed in brackets [ ]. After exercising every care, | cannot hope, however, that no errors have been made. If more observers are induced to give some attention to the abundant material our district provides, errors will be weeded out, fresh facts brought to light, and the object of this article accomplished. Basal Cells of the Four Groups of Hypnum fluitans. 1. Group Amphibium. 3. Group exannulatum. 2. Group falcatum. . 4. Group Rote. 1902 March 3. * — CD MI ANUEY DP o — ARH Y p ° . Hypnum fluitans (amphibtum) var. gracile Boul. . Hypnum fluttans (falcatum) var. ovale Ren. _ ° — an _ SNE ST ON Mea ee) Wheldon: The North of England Harpidia. HHypnum Hypnum Hypnum . Hypnum Hypnum . Hypnum . Hypnum flypnum Hypnum Hypnum Hypnum fypnune Hypnum Hypnum Hypnum Hlypnum Hypnum flypnum . Hypnum Hypnum . Hypnum EXPLANATION OF PLATES. aduncum (pseudo-fluitans) var. paternum Sno. aduncum (Knetffiz) var. intermedium Schimp. Prantl: aduncum (pseudo-fluitans) var. paternum Sno. f. gracilis Ren. aduncum (pseudo-fluttans) var. flexile Ren. aduncun (typicum) var. aguaticunt Sno. aduncum (Knetffiz) var. attenuatum Boul. aduncum (Kneiffit) var. polycarpon Bland. aduncum (typicum) forma falcata Ren. aduncum (Kneiffit) var. pungens H.Mill. aduncum (typicum) forma gracilescens Ren. uncinatum Hedw. uncinatum forma plumosa Ren. uncinatum var. plumulosum Schimp. Hypnum fluttans (faleatum) var. anglicum Sno. Hypnum fluttans (amphibtum) var. elatum Ren. et Arn. Hypnum fluitans (falcatum) var. falcatum Schimp. . Hypnum fluitans (amphibtum) Piva alle var. Jeanbernati Ren. forma Holler: (Sno.) Ren. revoluvens Sw. var. intermedium (Lindb.) Ren. revolvens var. Cossont (Schimp.) Ren. vernicosum Lindb. revolvens Sw. Wilsont Schimp. var. hamatum Schimp. vernicosum Ldb. var. mazgus Lindb. Wilsont Schimp. scorpiotdes Linn. Prare thie Hypnum lycopodioides Schweg. . Hypnum Sendtnert Schimp. forma vulgaris Sno. . Hypnum Sendtnert Schimp. lPananie IAW Hypnum fluilans (Rote) var. falctfolium Ren. forma viridis Boul. Hypnum fluttans var. falcifolium Ren. Hypnum fluitans (exannulatum) var. pinnatum Boul. f. polyclada Ren. . Hypnum fluitans forma stenophylloides Ren. Hypnum fluttans var. pinnatum Boul. fypnum fluitans var. brachydictyon Ren. Hypnum fluttans var. purpurascens Schimp. * The specimen figured is a small one on account of the exigency of space. | These frequently attain a much greater length. Naturalist, ‘March 1902. The Naturalist. North of England Harpidia, Plate 1. me March 1902. The Naturalist. 2 4 ak Y North of’ England Harpidia, Plate 2. March 1902. The Naturalist. North of England Harpidia, Plate 3. March 1902. The Naturalist. ore ¢ amy ae ve q { d Pe)" ws . She ts NG ah Aetna ne Seta sare “i ae TE 4s Wi AI a: NO ON CS NS See rae North of England Harpidia, Plate 4. eel Ree r ; , * : ay 3 : Z —_ f - — ' , 4 t ~ ¥ ¥ z é 7 - . 93 HARPIDIOID HYPNA OF YORKSHIRE AND DURHAM. WILLIAM INGHAM, B.A., Organising Inspector of Schools, Haxby Road, York. THE tollowing list contains the water-loving Hypna only, which prove so difficult to identify to students of mosses. I think it well to place this list on record, for I have given special attention to these ‘ water’ mosses, and have succeeded in finding in York- shire and Durham all the British species except one, and nearly all the varieties. This list has a special value, because not only have the_ mosses been kindly verified by H. N: Dixon, M.A., F.L.S., and Jeeaoevvineidon, iL. S., but many of them have beck examined and brought up to date by Mons. Renauld himself. As we should have expected, there is a wonderful range of varieties and forms among these water mosses, especially in the case of HZ. aduncum and H. fluctans. On Coatham Marshes we have the various Fornis Cl a. aduncum growing within close proximity to each other, and vet . varying so much as not to appear to be the same mosses. In two of the Coatham forms the alar cells of the leaves are imerassate, So contrary to the type of A. aduncum. Mons. Renauld says these incrassate alar cells are accidental and due to the semi-salt soil on which the mosses grow. The numbers after the habitats are those of the botanical vice-counties. It is interesting to notice that the new form diverstfolia Ren. of AH. aduncum occurs in two widely-separated habitats, Selby and Coatham Marshes. In the case of Ayvpnum aduncum and F/. fiuilans, the nomen- Clature adopted in this paper is that by Mons. Renauld in ‘Muscologia Gallica,’ and by Renauld and Dixon in the ‘Journal of Botany’ for August 1901. The order of Dixon’s ‘ Handbook of British Mosses’ has been followed with all the remaining Species. : Hypnum aduncum Hedw. [.--GrovuP. Typicum. 1. Forma @ypica. On the floor of magnesian limestone quarry, Knottingley (63), the forma anomala depauperata Ren. ; Clifton Ings (62), on side of ditch, the forma depauperata, ‘ad Group Typicum accedens.’ 1902 March 3. 94 J/ngham: Harpidioid Hypna of Yorkshire and Durham. 2. Forma falcata Ren. Askern Spa (63), in field on side of ditch; on floor of magnesian limestone quarry, Knottingley (63); on Coatham Marshes (62), the forma dzverszfolia Ren. 3. Forma ¢urficola Ren. An aberrant form of this among grass on the floor of magnesian limestone quarry, Knottingley (63). 4. Forma gracilescens Ren. =var. gracilescens Schimp. By side of ditch on Clifton Ings, York (62). 5. Forma diversifolia Ren. Among grass by pool, Selby (61); on Coatham Marshes (62), the forma anomala diverstfolia. 6. Forma Zenuzs (var..tenue Schimp.). On side of ditch by wood, Barlby (61). [].—Group Kneiffii Boulay. 1. Var. Anezffiz Schimp. On side of ditch, Naburn (61), the true Anezffiz, which appears to be a rare plant. 2. Var. zntermedium Bry.Eur. Submerged in pool, Strensall (62); in marsh, among bulrushes, Naburn (61), c.fr. Forma’ laxtfolia (var. laxifolium Sanio), on Coatham Marshes (62) ; Naburn (61). Lie ==Girowir pseudofluitans Sanio. 1. Var. paternum Sanio. Submerged in pool, Strensall (62). 2. Var. flexile Ren. In brickpond, Church Fenton (64), approaching var. paternum; Submerged in pool, Strensall, ‘ad v. flexile accedens.’ The two forms /alcata and diverstfolia, the latter characterised by longly-subulate stem-leaves and much shorter branch-leaves, are to be raised by Renauld to the rank of varieties when they have been proved to be widely distributed. Mr. Wheldon has, I believe, found forma fa/cata in Lancashire. Hypnum fluitans L. I.—Group amphibium Sanio. 1. Var. Jeanbernatt Ren. (var. paludosum Sanio). Floating in large masses, in fruit, Skipwith Common (61); in pool on moor above Farngill, Reeth (65). 2. Var. elatum Ren.& Arnell. Covering bed of lake, Skipwith Common (61), the forma e/afa, ‘ad var. e/atum transiens.’ Naturalist, Ingham : Harpidiotd Hypna of Yorkshire and Durham. 95 3. Var. gracile Boul. On Skipwith Common (61), a delicate and vivid-green moss. 4. Var. atlanticum Ren. By Burnhope Burn, Wearhead (66). Forma gracilis Ren., on wet stones by the river in Arncliffe Wood (62); a delicate, dark green moss, upon which Renauld founded the new var. atlanticum. 5. Var. Payott Ren. Near this var. on Skipwith Common (61). I1.—Group falcatum Schimp. 1. Var. falcatum Schimp. On Skipwith Common (61); on the top of Burnhope Seat, Durham (66), in fine erect tufts, with abundant fruit; and by Burnhope Burn, c.fr. 2. Var. ovale Ren. A newvar., by Burnhope Burn (66); and nearer this than var. falcatum, Falcon Clints (66). 3. Var. Arnellat Sanio. On Skipwith Common (61). Ill.—Group exannulatum. 1. Var. pinnatum Boulay. On Terrington Carr (62) ; on Skip- with Common (61), approaching forma graczlescens ; on Pilmoor (62). Forma stenophylloides Ren.MS., on the Weardale side of road overlooking Langdon Beck (66), a very fine and robust plant. 2. War. brachydictyon Ren. On Pilmoor (62); on Skipwith Common (61), a singular and very pretty form. 3. Var. purpurascens Schimp. On Langdon Beck, side of Weardale Road (66). IV.—-Sus-Group Rote. Var. falcifolium Ren. (var. stenophyllum Wilson). On Skip- with Common (61), on bed of partly dried-up pool; on Sandburn Common (62), near York, forming the bed of the small pools there; on Pilmoor (62), forming the bed of large pools; on Strensall Common (62), floating in large pool, a very robust growth. ‘Ad forma zmundata Ren. accedens.’ Floating in large, dense masses in deep, dark pool, near Ireshope Burn, Wearhead (66). ‘Forma /nundata, bien caracterisé.’ On top of Weardale Road, overlooking Langdon Beck (66), a large, golden-yellow moss. Hypnum Sendtneri Schimp. A tall, fine growth and truly typical, which seems very rare for this moss. Near Naburn (61). 1902 March 3. 96 Stow: Lincolnshire Hepatics—a Correction. Hypnum Wilsoni Schimp. Very fine on Skipwith Common (61); Askern Spa (63). : Var. hamatum Lindb. Ina bog in front of the White Force, Teesdale (65). Hypnum lycopodioides Schwer. Very finely developed, and covering a large extent of ground on Skipwith Common (61) ; Strensall (62); and Widdy Bank Fell (66). In these three habitats the true moss is found, and is not apocryphal (see Lees’ ‘Flora of West Yorkshire’). Hypnum uncinatum Hedw. Very abundant in fruit in Teesdale on both sides of the river (65 and 66); Hackness (62) ; Burnhope Burn, Ireshope Burn, and Kilhope Burn, Wearhead (66) ; Castle Howard (62). Var. plumosum Schimp. On tree, Saltburn (62). Var. plumulosum Schimp. In fruit, High Force, Teesdale (66); Holwick Scar (65). Hypnum revolvens Sw. Skipwith Common (61); White Horces(65)|>) Milmire) (Cn): Var. Cosson? Ren. Driffield (61), fine growth. Var. Cossont Ren. forma falcata Sanio. In pool on top of Widdy Bank (66). Hypnum intermedium Lindb. Fruiting in field at Askern Spa (63); near Selby (61), slightly striate, and approaching HT. vernicosum WLindb.; Skipwith Common (61); Strensall Common (62). Aypnum commutatum Hedw. Teesdale (65 and 66) ; Castle Howard (62); Kirkham Abbey (62); Knaresborough (64); Filey (61); Helmsley (62)> Mich “Force (66); Burnhopes ligne ete (66) ; Cowshill,. c.fr., a very slender form (66); White Force (65); Boltor Woods (64); Thomassen Force, Goathland cine a very slender form (62); Arkengarthdale (65). Hypnum falcatum Brid. Widdy Bank, c.fr. (66); Holwick Scan, Cir. (65); ‘ugh Forces (60); PWV bites once s (Gn gems Kee with Common (61); Naburn (61); Burnhope Burn, c.fr. (66) ; Driffield (61); Mallvan Spout, Goathland (62). Var. gracilescens Schimp. E Subscribers’ names received. AN IMPORTANT NEW WORK. Just Published. Price 6s. FAMILIAR BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. Ponies Y, Fo .S., F.E-S:,, Assistant tn Zoological Department, British Museum (.Natural History). With 18 Special Plates containing 216 : Illustrations in Colours. CASSEL bee. Ltd.,’ London; and all Booksellers. A HANDBOOK OF THE Vertebrate Fauna of Yorkshire Being a Catalogue of British Mammais, Birds, Reptiles, Amiphibians : and Fishes, showing what species are or have, within historical periods, been found in the county. BY W. Eagle Clarke, F.L.S.,& W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. PRICE 8s. 6d. May BE HAD OF THE AUTHORS, OR OF LOVELL REEVE & Co., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. EXTRACTS FROM REVIEWS:—'‘ The authors of this cata- logue may take a pride in their work, which has evidently been executed with most consci ientious care. They have given a short introductory exposition ofthe principles by which they have been guided, and an excellent brief sketch of the physical aspects of Yorkshire, and the summary of the results of their investigation of its Vertebrata. The little book is a most valuable contribution to British zoologi- cal literature. "--d 272. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ‘The work is an excellent one of its kind.’—4 /hemeio. TO GEOLOGISTS. FIFTH YEAR OF DISTRIBUTION. 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(Published Ist April 1902), (No. 321 of current series.) bd “ ‘i The be ot " ee i m. i Bei Sibi! Salil mm e y Mt Ht orf rattt: mu 0 Till] Hi ee MONTHLY JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. EDITED BY WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., 259, Hype Park Roap, Leeps; WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S., 7 ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., JOHN W. TAYLOR, F.L.S., CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., W. B. TURNER, F.R.M.S. Contents :— PAGES. : A May-Day on Maw-Rigg (near Langdale End)—Rev. W.C. Hey, M.A... LS aigiag Yorkshire Naturalists at peePeronsh and Doncaster ened) erbers Fl. Corbett, M.R.C.S i .. 117-124 Lincolnshire Naturalists at Torksey— Rex Edward as Woodruff Pencick: LES TE irl tid Spe a Came i . 133-138 Notes on the Lepidoptera of Senin hoene acine See Morley oe .. IgI-144 Short Notes:—Mammalia, 774, 716; Birds, 725, 226, 127; Mollusca, 738, 739; Lepi- : doptera, 770; Neuroptera and Trichoptera, 744; Spiders, 11S: Polyzoa, 724; Flowering Plants, 775, 776, 129, 130; Lycopods, 7372; Mosses and Hepatics, 130, = 131, 140; Fungi, 7372; Geology, 128; Book Notice, 72g; Notes and News, 728. Mlustration :—-Lower Magnesian Limestone Escarpment, Conisborough Common, 778. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE & Co. Lrp., 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. CuoORLEY & PicKERSGiLL, THE ELecrric Press, COOKRIDGE STREET, LEEDS. ~ “PRICE SIXPENCE NET. BY POST SEVENPENCE. Annual Pon 6s. 6d. post free; Le: Booksellers, 6s. Net. : WATKINS & DONCASTER, ‘Naturalists and Manufacturers of Apparatus and Cabinets. BUTTERFLY NETS, 1s. 3d., 2s., 4s. STORE BOXES and INSECT CASES, COLLECTING BOXES, 6éd., 9d., As: 2s. 6d., 3s. Gd., 4S., 5s. _ NESTED CHIP BOXES, 4 doz. 7d. GEOLOGICAL HAMMERS and CHISELS. _ ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS, mixed, 1s., BOTANICAL COLLECTING TINS. earls 6d. OZ. 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Royal Dublin Society.—Scient. Trans., Vol. 7, Part 11, Sept. 1901. {The Society. Le Mois Scientifique, 4¢ Année, No. 3, Mars igo2. [J.B. Bailliere & Fils, Paris. Geological Magazine, N.S., Dec. 4, Vol. 9, No. 452, for February 1902. American Monthly Micro. Journ., Nos. 265-6, Jan.-Feb. 1902. (C. W. Smiley, Publ. Geography: Notes of Manch. Geog. Soc.—No. 66, March 1go2. [The Society. Hobbies, Vol. 13, Nos. 333-335, rst, 8th, 15th March 1902. [Lhe Publishers. Entomologists’ Record, Vol. 14, No. 3, 15th March 1902. [J. W. Tutt, Editor. Science Gossip, N.S., Vol. 8, No. 94, for March 1902. [John T. Carrington, Editor. Knowledge, Vol. 25, No. 197, for March 1902. {H. F. Witherby, Ed., London. The Zoologist, 4th Series, Vol. 5, No. 729, 15th Mar. 1902. [ West, New rman & Co., Publ. Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. 11, No. 117, March 1902. [Charles Mosley, Editor. The Nautilus, Vol. 15, No. 11, for March 1902. (H.-A. Piusbry, etc., Editors. Psyche: Journ. of Entom., No. 311, for March 1902. [Cambridge Ent. Club, U.S.A. The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 11, No. 3, for March 1902. [The Editors, Dublin. Nature Notes, Vol. 13, No. 147, for March 1902. [Selborne Society, London. -Plymouth Institution.—Ann. Rep. and Trans., Vol. 13, Part 3, 1g00-1gor. {The Inst. The New Phytologist, ed. A. G. Tansley, Nos. 2-3, Feb.-March 1902. [ Editor. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist. Soc.—Trans., Vol. 3, Pt. 3, 1895-6, 8vo. [The Society. W. Herbert Smith.-—-Songs of Moor and Stream, 4to. cloth, rgor. [The Author. T. Sheppard.—Bygone Hull Naturalists, 2, A. H. Haworth, 8vo. reprint, 1902. [Author. W. Whitwell.—Notes of Shells Collected in East Sussex, 8vo. reprint. [ Author. W. Whitwell.—East Sussex Botanical Notes, 8vo. reprint, March 1902. [Author. C. E. Salmon and A. Bennett.—Norfolk Botanical Notes, 8vo. reprint, March 1902. {Authors. For Sule Vase Moth Trap: Very successful. —Full F pasicmee CLAYPON, SE Spilsby. LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary i Armitt: SECOND SERIES now ready, post fr ee, Is. 2d.; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, Ambleside. Exchange.— Helix nemoralis and H. hortensis—variations in colour, banding, etc., wanted. Notes of observations upon these species gratefully accepted. Ex- change given in other British forms.—CHAS. PANNELL, jun., East Street, ESI, See Fossil Mollusca from Eocene and DO oce Pare Basin. Suites of these interesting Fossils, boxed, named, and localised, 40 varieties, by parcels post, on receipt of postal order for 6s. 6d. —Address R. CHARLES, Naturalist, Highcliffe-cn-Sea, Christchurch, Hants. To Naturalists.—For Sale by private contract, a very fine Collection of British Birds, about 1too cases. Beautifully set up. In a perfect state of preservation. Can be seen by giving three days’ notice. A list can be obtained by applying to J. E. MARSDEN, The Cottage, Scalby, R.S.O., Yorks. Birds of the Isle of Man.—Being engaged in the collection of material for a work on Manx Birds, I would gratefully receive and acknowledge informa- tion bearing on the subject, or references to books, periodicals, etc., in which such occur, and which may not have come under my notice.—P. RALFE, The Parade, Castletown, Isle of Man. A MAY-DAY ON _ MAW-RIGG (NEAR LANGDALE END). Rev. W: C. HEY.: M:A.. West Ayton, near Scarborough, Vorkshire. Ir is the 20th of May. The wind blows soft but cool from the south-east. The sun beams from a cloudless pale biue sky. The approach to the moor is brilliant with the golden foliage of Sycamores and the graceful white festoons of the Bird-Cherry. Once on to the moor, and the only vegetation that rises con- spicuously above the still dead heather consists of small isolated Birch trees and scattered Whin bushes in the height of their ‘golden glory. The ground has become dry from the long con- tinuance of sunny east winds, but the patches of Sphagnum are still moist, and rosetted over with the dew-spangled Droseras (D. rotundifolia). As we tramp on an aromatic scent rises from our footsteps, and, looking down, we notice the fragrant catkins of the Sweet Gale, but the leaf is still dormant. A little higher and we pass through dwarf thickets of Bilberry, bearing its pale crimson, urn-shaped flowers. Here and there are seen the bright box-like leaves of the red Whortleberry (Vaccinium witts-td@a), but the delicate clustered flowers are still a week from opening. In grassy spots are spread pink carpets of Lousewort, contrasted with a few blue spikes of Milkwort. By the bank of the moorland stream the soft golden flowers of the Colt’s-foot are still gay. Down in the valley it has long since passed from flower to downy pappus, and gone to make feather- beds for the young birds. | Insects. are numerous and conspicuous. I once remarked that Thecla rubt was just like an animated Birch leaf. To-day I observed that the butterflies seemed to be aware of the fact themselves, for again and again I noticed them render them- selves invisible by alighting among the foliage of the little Birch trees that stud the moor. Emperor Moths came flying past; all of these appeared to be males, but I found a female on the heather in the company of a male. It was not a great day for beetles, as all the little bogs and rills were dry, but I took one insect I had not taken before-—Staphyvlinus c@sareus, a large rove beetle, with blood-red thorax, fringed about with pale gold silk. Mr. R. Lawson had, however, recorded it for the Scarborough district many years ago. : 1902 April r. Li4 Notes on Mammats. People do not generally associate Cuckoos with the moors, yet all day was the bird’s sweet call in our .ears;, and ‘very strangely it contrasted with the Curlew’s wild notes—music more suited to the great brown wastes of heather. My com- panion, wandering away from me, told me he had found by the beck a Blackbird’s nest with three young ones, but it was ‘a funny blackbird with a white patch on its breast.’ So I gathered that the bird was a Dipper (often called ‘Water- Ouzel’). The sun’s > power was now failing’, and the easterly wind was freshening. It is far from warm on the high moors in May when the afternoon is closing in, and we were not sorry to crown our ramble with a cup of good hot tea at. the sign of the “Moor Bird: > NOTES on MAMMALS. Albino Rat near Pocklington.—On the toth October 1901 a farmer living near Pocklington told me that two or three years ago he had seen a white wild Rat (presumably Wus decumanus) on his farm.—WILLIAM HeEWETT, York, 18th January 1902. ; Otters in the Grimsby District.—Otters (Zutra lutra) have turned up at Swinhope (Louth, Div..8 by Rev. E. A. -W. Peacock’s County Divisions). I wrote to the Rector (Rev. J. McKim, M.A.) regarding the same, and he replies: ‘The Otters you wrote about are not being molested, at present at anyrate, though the probability of Trout: for breakfast will now be very remote. We di scovered them quite accidentally, a small terrier, put into a hole at a tree root by the’stream, for Rabbits, bolted Otters instead. They were a fine young couple; they swam to the néxt tree root, where they found safety ; we tried to dig to them, but the water was too high in the brook. “ARTHUR SMITH, 5, Cavendish Street, Grimsby, 7th Feb. 1go2. How do Mammals Drink ?—Is there anyone who can say offhand with certainty how all our common mammals drink? I cannot, and I ought to be able. One keen naturalist to whom application was made replied, ‘After all the years of rabbit-keeping, and saucers of milk I have given them, it is too stupid to be unable to say with certainty how ‘they drink: But surely it is a matter of sucking like a horse, only done in a more quiet and high-toned manner. Do rabbits, however, dri ina wild state? Has anyone ever seen them doing so? I seem to think IT have read in a book that they never do more than ‘a sort of nibble’ the drops of dew from wet herbage.’ Another observer ‘who used to keep tame rabbits’ says ‘ they drink with their lips.’- I fail to see how any creature can drink in any other way. A third lover of nature and born student says, ‘My impression, too, is ‘they drink with their lips,’ though I cannot speak with any certainty. In very dry seasons, when there is little dew for weeks, rabbits must take water at times surely in a wild state. Sheep are also said not to drink, but they wili during droughts. I saw one myself drink out of the hoof marks where bullocks had heav ily trampled wet ground.’ I can set the question of drinking at rest at least, for through telesc opes and field-glasses I have seen sheep, hares, rabbits, rats, voles, and Mustelidz all take water at becks and drains in dry weather. The true carnivora lap, as we all know, and in describing the action of the horse and the cow we should not get far wrong. What, however, are the right phrases to use for the action “of the stoat, rat, or hare? I am not setting any natural history puzzle, but asking for definite information.— E. A. W. Peacock, Cadney, Brigg, 18th Jan. 1902. SD) N ce T15 NOTE ON SPIDERS. Lycosa purbeckensis in Northumberland.—In looking over a number of Spiders collected in 1897 near Hexham, one Lycosid was found which did not altogether agree in its specific characters with the name given to it, and was thus presumably of some other but allied species. No descriptions of recent Lycosids being at hand for reference, it was forwarded to Mr. F. P. Smith, of London, who determined it to be JZ. purbeckensts F.O.P.-Cb. It has since been compared with the figure, etc., given in the Ann. and Mag.- Nat. Hist., series 6, vol. 15, which may be consulted in the Leeds Reference Library, and there can be no doubt of its identity. It is rare and local, and new to the county, though found in Cumberland on the opposite side of the Pennine chain. The example found was a mature female.--WM. FALCONER, Slaithwaite, Huddersfield, 12th February 1902. > > NOTES on LINCOLNSHIRE FLOWERING PLANTS. Bullfinch Feeding on Sea Buckthorn Seed.—This summer I sent a lot of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaé rhamnoides L.) seed to the north for coast sand sowing. While I was talking about the matter to a friend, who is a good botanist and ornithologist, I learned that only one bird, the Bull- finch (Pyrrhula europea Vieill.), is known to feed on the very plentiful seeds of this shrub. Is this the experience of our shore dune naturalists ?— FE. ADRIAN -WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK, Cadney, Brigg, 18th January 1902. aD) Some Flowering Plants at Woodhall Spa, Linc. N.—During a visit to Woodhall Spa, Div. 10, last October, I came across several interesting plants, and give in the list below all those that are not mentioned in my list of Woodhall Spa Plants (‘ Naturalist,’ August- 1900), or in Mr. Melvill’s * Addenda ’.(‘ Naturalist,’ November 1900). I again found the Agrimonia about which there was a doubt in my previous paper, so sent a specimen to the Rev. E. A. Woodruffe Peacock, who says it is odorata ; it is a fine plant, and a new record for Lines. I also sent Mr. Peacock some curious specimens of Juncus bufontus, and which he says are the variety viviparus ; this is new too. It was abundant on the edge of a pond near the Bath House, with Sczrpus setaceus. Ranunculus Flammula var. radicans Nolte was fairly plentiful in a ditch on the road to Old Woodhall. I was surprised to see it there, for I had only a week before found it in S. Lincs. ; a new record also. Ina piece of waste ground on the ‘ Kirkby Lane’ I saw 7hlaspi arvense, Erysimum chetranthotdes, Silene noctifora, Lamium amplexicaule, long corolla form, and MWelzlotus alba Desr. ; in a stubble-field close by, Arodzum cicutartum var. cherophyllum and Polygonum aviculare var. rurivagun Jord. ; on the borders of the lane, Myrica Gale, Rhamnus Frangula, Poly- gonum amphibium var. terrestre Leers. Lastrea spinulosa and Gerantum molle, flore albo were plentiful. I saw Stellaria media var. neglecta Weihe on the Horncastle road, and one plant of Scabiosa Succisa, flore albo. ‘On the moor near the ‘ Victoria,’ J/olinza varia and a few plants of pink flowered Prunella vulgaris; Linaria Elatine was abundant in a field by Bracken Wood; and in Reed’s Beck, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Myrio- phyllum spricatum. Vinca major was plentiful in a hedge on the Stixwould Road. Centaurea nigra var. decipiens Thuil. I found within a few yards of the new church; the spot will soon be built on, Onopordon Acanthium was growing as an escape on the road to Kirk- stead (Tattershall), just where the pellucid sewer crosses the road ; in the next field, in a marshy spot near the ponds, were a few plants of 7rzgloch?) palustre. ; These are all in Woodhall Spa parish. On Kirkby Moor I saw Polypodium vulgare ; ina pond near Kirkby-on- Bain village, Chera hispida was abundant.—S. C. Stow, Court Leys. Brandon, Grantham, toth November root. tgoz April x. 116 NOTE on YORKSHIRE MAMMALS. Albinism in Rats near Selby, Yorkshire.—On the rith April 1901 Mr. W. Horsfield, of Scalm Park, Bishop's Wood, Yorkshire, told me that during the winter of 1898 and_1899 he had killed with the aid of ferrets and dogs 140 Rats (J/us decumanus) from one stack at Scalm Park, and that one of the rats was of a sandy colour with pink eves. — WILLIAM Hewett, York, 18th January 1902. NOTES on FLOWERING PLANTS. Primroses in Bloom in January in South Lincolnshire. —Primroses (Primula acaulis) were to be seen in bloom in Sapperton Wood, Div. 15, in January; on the 23rd of that month my father saw many plants in bloom, four and five flowers were fully out on some of the plants.—S. C. Stow, Court Leys, Brandon, Grantham, 1oth February 1902. Plant-Names and Folk-Lore at Newsome, Huddersfield.— Advert- ing to Mr. J. W. Fawcett’s interesting’notes on ‘ Plant-Names in the North of England,’ on p. 4 of ‘The Naturalist’ for January, the following list of local names used by the inhabitants of the village (Newsome) in which I reside may perhaps interest your readers. They are always used by the natives, both upgrown and children, but, most unfortunately, neither one or the other can tell you who taught them these names; the invariable answer being, in the case of children, that either father or mother has taught them, and the upgrown people tell you that they were taught them when young. Of course the answers are always given in the dialect so well known in our neighbourhood. One has, therefore, to be satisfied with the thought that the names have been handed down from one generation to another, and, despite education, are still cherished. The Foxglove (Digital’s purpurea) is always called the ‘Poppy,’ the Common Red Poppy (Papaver Rheas) receiving the name of ‘Cornflower.’ A more wide differentiation of naming species one could not desire. ‘Eggs and Bacon’ is the title bestowed on ° the Yellow Toadflax (Lznaria vulgaris). The Marsh Marigeld (Caltha palustris) is known as ‘ Water-blobs’; Common Chickweed (Stedlarza media) as ‘Chicking-weed’; Black Knapweed (Centaurea nigra) as ‘ Horse- knobs’; Cuckoo Pint (Arum maculatum) as ‘Wake Robin’; Cleavers (Galium aparine) as * Robin run th’ hedge’; Great White Ox-eye (Chrysan- themum leucanthemum) as ‘Dog Daisy’; Yellow Archangel (Galeobdolon luteum) as ‘Yellow Weasel Snout’;. Wood Anemone (Anemone nemorosa) as ‘Snowdrop.’ Local vernacular gives the name of ‘ Grunsil’ to Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris); ‘ Foal-fooit’ to Coltsfoot (Zusszlago farfara) ; whilst the Greater Plantain (Plantago major) is better known as the plant that yields Canary seed. The ‘ Wiggin Tree’ is the common nanie for the Mountain Ash (Pyrus aucuparia), and * Horse Mint,’ strictly speaking, is the Marsh Whorled Mint (Wentha sativa). The Furze (Ulex europeus and U. nanus) is always better known as the ‘He Broom,’ whilst the Broom (.Savothamnus scoparius) proper is termed ‘She Broom.’ Most people will have it that they are one and the same species, and that the Furze is the male plant. and the Broom the female plant. . The Perennial Rve Grass (Lolfum perenne) is known as the * Tinker Tailor’ Grass. A favourite pastime of the children is to pluck a spike of bloom, and, starting from left to right, touch each spikelet, repeating the following ditty :— ‘ ; ‘Tinker, tailor, Soldier, sailor, Rich man, poor man, Beggar man, thief,’ repeating until the end of the spike is reached. The Quake Grass (riza media) receives the name of ‘Trembling Grass..—W. E. L. WatTtay, Newsome, Huddersfield, 24th January 1902. Naturalist, 117 Vs NATURALISTS AT CONISBOROUGH ~ AND DONCAS STER. HERBERT *H. CORBEDD, MAR. C.S:, Doncaster. Tue 162nd meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union was held on Thursday, 26th September 1901, for the investigation of the Don valley from Conisborough to, Doncaster. About forty members and associates met at Conisborough Station. at II.30a.m., and proceeded to the ancient castle. Here those who had their cameras found subjects of antiquarian and geological interest, while the bryologists, coleopterists, and conchologists were busy among the loose, moss-clad stones in the old moat. The castle having been investigated, the party divided into three: one part of the general body of naturalists taking the left bank Pecncn Don, under the leadership of Mr. M.H. Stiles, F.R.M:S. ; the other, led by Mr. E. G. Bayford, following the right side ; and the geologists, conducted by Messrs. H. H. Corbett and H. Culpin, taking a third course. These latter proceeded to the top of Conisborough Common, where a fine view was obtained of the escarpment of the Lower. Magnesian Limestone, with the nvcu Monreutiine through it. “Turning to the left, along the summit of the escarpment, the South Yorkshire coalfield was seen, with its dense population and smoky air. On going down the steep face of the limestone hill the guides called attention to the fossiliferous bed which is always present near the base of the Permian series in this part of Yorkshire. It varies from a few inches up to 15 feet in thickness, and is crowded with the casts of shells. These are generally very imperfectly preserved, though at some places, e.g., South Elmsall, Hampole, and at the Ash- field Brickworks at Conisborough good specimens are to be found. They consist of species of the genera Schzzodus, Mya, Turbo, Terebratula, etc. Passing again over the face oi the escarpment towards Conisborough the valley of a small tributary of the Don was noted as following the line of a fault which has thrown up the coal measures against the Permian rocks. A splendid section of these carboniferous rocks is seen at the Ashfield Brickworks, which were next visited. The section exposes a long series of clays, sandstones, and thin beds of coal. In some of the beds are vegetable fossils which have been referred by Mr. Hemingway to the horizon of the junction of 1902 April itp 118 Corbett: Yorkshire Naturalists the Middle and Upper Coal Measures. At the upper part of the section are some much-contorted marls, and above them is again seen the shell-bed of the Lower Magnesian Limestone. This is capped by Boulder Clay containing well-striated boulders of local rocks and also of Mountain Limestone. From the brickworks a move was made towards the Don valley, some curiously weathered blocks of Magnesian Lime- stone in a field on the way coming in for notice and record by means of Mr. Bingley’s camera. From this point the route followed was the same as that taken by the party under Mr. Bayford’s Lower Magnesian Limestone Escarpment, Conisborough Common: Taken during the Excursion by Mr. Godfrey Bingley. leadership. The footpath to Doncaster follows the river pretty closely and passes through some beautiful country diversified by wood and rock. In one place a remarkable ridge of hard crystalline rock runs up the side of the valley, and this ridge is very rich in fossils. These consist of the same species as those found in the limestone at the Ashfield section, with the addition of a Retepora. At Warmsworth the limestone has been exten- sively quarried, and good sections were seen and photographed. Some very good examples of the winding of a river through a rocky country were noted, the stream surging from side to Naturalist, at Conisborough and Doncaster. 119 side of the valley in a series of curves, with steep rocky banks — on the convex, and low-lying lush meadows on the concave sides of the bends. | On arriving at Balby the Permian formation was left and the Trias was reached, a quarry on the roadside showing a section of Bunter Sandstone with current-bedded post-glacial gravels above. The party led by Mr. M. H. Stiles were joined by some of the mycologists, namely, Messrs. T. Birks, W. N. Cheeseman, and Thos. Gibbs, who had been taking part in the fungus foray at Cadeby. As will be seen by the report sent in, several speci- mens were found that had not rewarded the fungus-men during their week’s work until this bit of new country was explored. On arrival at Doncaster the members assembled for tea at the Glyn Hotel, after which the Sectional and General Meetings were held under the chairmanship of the Rev. W. Fowler, of Liversedge, President of the Union. The various sections handed in their reports of the day’s finds, and votes of thanks were given to the local guides and to the landowners and quarry proprietors for permission to visit their estates. The following is a record of the objects observed in the locality during the excursion, and in the case of the Bryological report a general moss list for the district is added. Of course the time of the year at which the excursion was held, made the records in some sections very meagre, but still the appended lists from the different recorders will show that the day was far from unprofitable. Mr. John W. Taylor, F.L.S., President of the Conchological Section, reported that he and Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., had spent their day in the investigation of the ponds at Cusworth in search of a peculiar form of Lzmncea auricularta which had been sent from that locality some years ago. In this object they were not successful, for although a few examples of the species were found they were young and of the ordinary form. One or two Limneea truncatula occurred, a tew Planorbts nautileus, numerous Pl. albus, and a few very young Pl. carinatus, along with a characteristic example of var. dzsci- formis. Bythinia tentaculata was common, and several examples of Valvata cristata occurred. The Bivalves found included a tew examples each of young Spherium corneum, Prstdium pusillum, LP. obtusale, and P. fontinale. One or two Caddis-cases found were built mainly of Planorbis albus, Pistdium pusillum, and young Bythinia tentaculata. A single example of Swccznea elegans was 1902 April r. 120 Corbett: Yorkshire Naturalists found by the pond side. The Slugs found were Arion minimus, one adult; A. czrcumscriptus, one very minute; Aerzolimax agrestis, very common and of the typical form without markings i and Limax levis, very numerous and mostly young, under damp logs. The land shells found included one Ayala cellaria, a few fH. nitidula, several AH. crystallina, several H/. fulva, and several Zua lubrica var. lubricordes, while Helix rotundata and //. hispida were common. The total for Cusworth thus amounted to 23 species, of which 4 were slugs, 8 land and 11 freshwater shells. , In addition to this, Mr. H. H.. Corbett collected about Conisborough Castle one He/¢x rotundata, one Hyalinia crystal- lina, two Hl. allturia, and one Clausilia bidentata var. everetti, the two last-named raising the total bag for the day to 10 land shells and 25 altogether. The coleopterists present were Messrs. E. G. Bayford and H. Ostheide, who met with the following species :— Pterostichus nigrita F. Bibloporus bicolor Denny. Anchomenus angusticollis F. Coccinella 7-punctata L. Anchomenus albipes F. Exochomus 4-pustulatus L. “Hyphydrus ovatus L. Scaphidium 4-maculatum Ol. Hydroporus planus L. Scaphisoma agaricinum L. Ocypus olens Mill. Elmis zeneus Miill. Tachyporus hypnorum F. ‘Geotrupes spiniger Marsh. *“Trechus minutus F. var. obtusus Er. = Rhinosimus ruficollis L. It may be noted that the ‘ List of Yorkshire Coleoptera’ is published as far as the Staphylinide, to which TZuachyporus av belongs. The species marked * are not included in the list as occurring in the S.W. district, although they are fairly common everywhere in it. Mir. M. vHs Stiles, (ohyR-M.S:)> reported that ime Micra Zoology and Botany, with the exception of a gathering from a small spring on the Cadeby Cliff opposite Conisborough, nothing was done until Cusworth was reached. Here, in con- junction with Mr. Ht. Moore, F-R.M:S.,: of -Rotherham\, the ponds were fished with very fair results, although it was late in the day when the party arrived there and wished that more time had been at their disposal. They were especially gratified to find in the pond on the south, leading from the ‘Bubbling Spring,’ traces of Volvox globator, the membranous sacs only being present ; this constitutes a new record. In the same pond Bosmina longtrostris was very plentiful. Mr. Moore furnishes. the following list of Rotifers, which he found in these ponds :—' Naturalist, at Contsborough and Doncaster. Anurza aculeata. Anurza cochlearis. Common. Brachionus baker. . Brachionus rubens. Dinocharis pocillum. Euclanis triquetra. Pterodina patina. Common. Rotifer vulgaris. He did not meet with any tube-builders. Mr. Stiles also noticed Stentor. The Diatomaceous gatherings were worked out in two Amphora ovalis. 1. Amphora ovalis var. affinis minor. 1. rmbela cuspidata. 1. ‘mbella cuspidata var. naviculiformis. 1. Cymbella cymbiformis var. parva. Cy Cy bo ho Stauroneis phzenicenteron. 1, Stauroneis anceps. I. Navicula major. 1. Navicula viridis. 2. Navicula oblonga. 2. Navicula viridula. 1. Navicula radiosa. 1, 2. Navicula rhynchocephala. 1. Navicula humilis. 1. Navicula dicephala. 1, 2. Navicula lanceolata. 2. Navicula cuspidata. 1. Navicula sculpta. 1. Navicula limosa var. gibberula. Colletonema lacustre. 2. Amphipieura pellucida. 1. Pleurosigma attenuatum. 1, Pleurosigma spencerii. 1, 2. Gomphonema constrictum. 1, 2. Gomphonema acuminatum. 1, 2. Gomphonema montanum var. subclavatum. 2. Gomphonema intricatum. 2. iS) Lis) ° groups -one from Cusworth (1), the other from the little spring at Cadeby (2), a fragment of scum from the middle pond at the latter place being especially rich. 5 lo Gomphonema angustatum. Cocconeis placentula. 1. Epithemia turgida. 1. Epithemia gibba var. ventricosa. TI. Epithemia gibberula var. producta. 1. Epithemia zebra. 1. Eunotia lunaris. 2. Eunotia lunaris — var. bilunaris. 2. Synedra vaucheriz var. parvula. ~ 2. Synedra ulna. 2. Synedra ulna var. longissima.- 1. Synedra acus.° 2. Fragilaria capucina. 1, Meridion circulare. 2. Diatoma elongatum. 1. Cymatopleura elliptica. Cymatopleura solea. 1, Surirella ovalis. 2. Surirella ovalis var. minuta. 2. Surirella biseriata. 1. Campylodiscus hibernicus. 1. Hantzschia amphioxys. 1. Nitzschia punctata var. elongata. I. Nitzschia acuminata. I. Nitzschia sigmoidea. 2. i) _ iS) ‘Melosira varians. 2. Mr. William Ingham, B.A., of York, reported on the Mosses as follows :—-At the foot of Conisborough Castle grow Aurhyn- chium confertum Milde (in fruit as usual), Tortula muralis Hedw., Brachyvthectum rutabulum B.&S., Eurhyvnchium prelongum B.&S., Amblystegium serpens B.&S., A. juratske Schimp., Eurhynchium speciosum Schimp., and Bryum cespiticium lL, Ot 702" Ap rif x. 122 Corbett: Vorkshire Naturalrsts these mosses the best and rarest 1s Aurhynchtum speciosum, a fine glossy-leaved moss, which, until quite lately, has been con- sidered as specially belonging to the South of England. The same moss occurs ‘at Ackworth and Staddlethorpe. Ambly- stegium juratzké is also a good moss,.and one that I have proved to be well distributed throughout Yorkshire and Durham. Bryum cespitictum also occurs on a wall near Balby, where it is quite hoary, due to its long leaf points, this state being caused by the dry habitat on the magnesian limestone. urhynchium confertum is found in large patches on the walls at Wadworth village. Near Balby is a shallow quarry where grow Pottia truncatula Lindb., Barbula cylindrica Schimp. (a golden yellow form), Brachythectum velutinum B.&S., Hypnum chrysophyllum Brid., HH. sfellatum Schreb., A. molluscum Hedw. Crossing the Don near Conisborough we soon reached a wall carpeted with a delicate form of Amblystegium serpens B.&S., which has collected a vast amount of the finest black dust, proving the state of the atmosphere in that part. On passing through the wood we found two good mosses on blocks of magnesian limestone. These are the delicate and minute /vsszdens pusellus Wils. (crowded with fruit), and the rare Plagiothectum depressum Dixon. In the Rectory grounds at Sprotborough occurs Eurhynchium murale, very near vat. julaceum Schimp. Between Sprotborough and Doncaster, and close by the Don, is a quarry rich in mosses, as the following, which | have found in spring and on the present occasion, will show :—A/vsszdens bryoides Hedw., /. taxzfolius Hedw., Pottia truncatula Lindb., Tortula muralis Hedw., Barbula rubella Mitt., B. convoluta Hedw., B. revoluta Brid., Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw., which carpets one part of the floor of the quarry with its vivid green patches, but always barren, as it is an exceedingly rare fruiter ; Brachythecium rutabulum B.&S. (fruiting freely on the sides of the quarry), Aurhynchium prelongoum B.&S., &. Swartsit Hobk. (a dark green form), Z. strzatum B.&S., LE. confertum Milde, a very delicate form of Amblystegium serpens B.&S., Aypnum riparitum L., in fruit (proving how wet a magnesian limestone can become, as this is a moss particularly delighting in water, as its specific name implies), 7. chrysophyllum Brid. (of golden yellow, as its name signifies, on the earthy side of the quarry), FH. cuspidatum in fruit, and another large, very pinnate, and highly chlerophyllose form, due to the blending of the two fine conditions, i.e., abundance of water and abundance of lime- Naturalist, at Contsborough and Doncaster. be ee stone, and Hylocomzum squarrosum B.&S. Mr. Dixon calls the barren 7. cuspidatum above a very fine growth. On the same side of the Don, near Marr, is a quarry rich in good mosses, as the following will show :—D¢trichum flexicaule var. densum Braithw., usually a mountain plant, is here well established, and the tufts have the strange habit in the autumn of detaching themselves from the substratum and lying loose on the surface, a habit this has in common with Wedstu fortilis C.M.. which occurs in the Jackdaw Crag Quarry, Tadcaster; Poftta truncatula Lindb., P. /anceolatu C.M., Tortula ambigua Anestr., Wersta viridula Hedw., Barbula fallax Hedw., B. fallax var. brevifolia Schultz (in fruit, a rare moss and also rare in fruit), B. convoluta Hedw. (in abundant fruit), B. wueurculata Hedw., Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw., Thurdium recognitum Lindb. (a rare and beautiful moss on banks in the quarry), Brachythectum rutabulum B.&S., B. glareosum B.&S., Hurhynchium prelongum approaching var. S/okeszz, -. Swartstt Hobk. (a light delicate brown colour), 4. striatum B.&S., Amblystegium serpens B.&S. {a very slender form with delicate julaceous, silky stems), A. filictnum DeNot., Hypnum ripurtum L., H. chrysophyllum var. erectum Bagnall (the fourth habitat for this moss, the others being Dovedale, Derbyshire by Bagnall, Wharfedale by Cocks, Ireshope Burn, Durham by myself), A. stellatum Schreb., H. stellatum var. procensum B.&S., a large form of 47. cupresstjorme L., Hf. molluscum Wedw. (very fine on rocks by roadside from Marr to Doncaster), H/. cuspidatum L. Several of the above mosses are new records for Vice-county 3, in which the river Den is situated. ; For the Fungi Mr. Thomas Gibbs reported as. follows :— Notwithstanding that, in order to carry out the day’s pro- gramme, the pace had to be much faster than is suitable for thorough mycological survey, the day’s work resulted in a substantial addition to the finds of the previous days of the foray. Conisborough Castle, which the party visited immediately upon their arrival, does not look a promising hunting-ground for the mycologist, but a close ‘search in some damp spots on -the site of the ancient moat resulted in the finding of several small Discomycetes upon dead twigs and leaves. One of these, a minute species which occurred in some quantity upon dead oak leaves, has since been pronounced by Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S., to be AHelotium tumidulum Rehm, a_ species not previously recorded as British. Others noticed about the same 1goz April r. 124 A. Smith: Polyzoa at Grimsby. spot were Hlelofium lutescens Fr. and Hl. ferrugineum Fr. The walk through the woods and fields yielded several species not noticed during the previous days, the most interesting of these being Lepiota excoriata Scheeft., Tricholoma melaleucum Pers. var. porphyroleucum Fr., and Agaricus sagatus Fr. At Cusworth an Ash tree was seen’ bearing several piles of the destructive tree parasite Homes toniarius Fr.; the top of the tree was entirely dead, and doubtless the interior would be permeated by the mycelium of the fungus. At Cusworth also the stump of a felled tree formed a centre for an extensive colony of the prettv, though common, Psathyvrella dtsseminata Pers.; besides dense clusters in and around the stump itself, smaller groups were scattered along the lines of the spreading roots of the tree for several yards on every side. Among the Myxogastres a fine colony of Physarum leuco- pheum Fr. was found in Potridings Wood, ‘and the pretty Trichia varia Pers. occurred in profusion. The Hollyhock disease fungus (Puccinia malvacearum) was seen on a plant of Matlva sylvestris in the village of Sprotborough. <> = NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE POLYZOA. Polyzoa at Grimsby. After the north-east winds a great amount of sea-weed, etc., is washed up on the foreshores of Grimsby and Clee- thorpes, and amongst this are of course found great numbers of marine specimens. < ‘NOTES and NEWS. Weare in receipt of various reprints. From Hull Mr. T. Sheppard, F.G.S., sends us his memoir of the celebrated Adrian Hardy Haworth, F.L.S., who lived from 1767 to 1833, the second of his most interesting series of ‘ By- Gone Hull Naturalists... And Mr. W. Whitwell, F.L.S., favours us with reprints of ‘ East Sussex Notes’ (botany at Horsted Keynes) and his “Notes of Shells Observed and Collected in East Sussex’ (at the same place). Naturalist, 129 NOTES on FLOWERING PLANTS. Callitriche autumnalis in Lake Lancashire: a Correction.— Mr. Martindale, of Staveley, Kendal, writes me that the station I gave in the December ‘ Naturalist,’ p. 362, for Callitriche autumnatlts is not in Lake Lancashire but in Westmorland. I am very sorry to have led you to publish this error, but I certainly took it for Lake Lancashire.—A. BENNETT, RAIS High Street, Croydon, 5th December 1901. This makes for geographical precision, but makes no difference to topo- graphical botany, inasmuch as Westmorland and Lake Lancashire. are combined to form V.C. 69. —-ED. Nar. Silver-leaved Holly at Barrow-in-Furness.—Early in’ 1900 a Holly tree (Ilex aquifolium), about six féet high, flowered profusely in my front garden, and during the summer the berries went through four of the prismatic tints in reverse order, viz., green, yellow, orange, and. red. On 28th September 1900 the berries were assuming a red colour. About Christmas 1900, as the tree is planted near my front gate, some Knaves were attacted by the large quantity of berries and stripped the branches off one side of the tree. In the year 1g9o1 the tree did not flower and made little new wood. The same berries which gréw during the summer of 1900 are still (18th January 1902) on the tree, and most of them are as brilliant in colour now as they were at Christmas tg00. About a dozen to a score of berries still remain on many of the small branches. In some cases the berries have withered and the small branches on which they grew have died. Is this a common occurrence? I enclose a small branch for inspection.— HARPER GAYTHORPE, Claverton, Prospect Road, Barrow-in-Furness, 18th January 1902. Botanical Finds near Carlisle in 1901.—The following isa list of some of the plants found during the summer of 1901 in the neighbourhood of Carlisle :— At Monkhill Lough, Potamogeton gramineus var. obtusifolius, Zanni- chellia palustris, Alisma ranunculoides, Scirpus acicularis, Scirpus lacustris. Near Warwick, Botrychium Lunaria. At Upperby .Brick-Ponds,.and at the old canal bed, Kirkandrews-on- Eden, Ranunculus sceleratus. At Silloth, 7rzfolium filiforme, Pastinaca sativa, Rumex pulcher, Gypso- phila porrigens (this species was also found near Carlisle in a different locality from that recorded for 1g00). ‘At Dalston, on a piece of waste ground near the railway station, Verbascum thapsus, Antirrhinum majus, Valerianella dentata, Dipsacus sylvestris. ~ Néar Rockcliffe, Rumex aquaticus. : | “Right bank of Eden, opposite Beaumont, Giléa capitata, Neslia panicu- LALDS Near Grinsdale, Parietaria officinalis, Ranunculus arvensis, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Echinospermum lappula, Lythrum Grefferis Fenore. Near Carlisle, Thalictrum ‘majus, Pyrus communis, Carduus nutans, Centaurea calcitrapa, Borago officinalis, Lithospermum arvense, Polygonum minus, Lepidium ruderale, Diplotaxis muralis, Erystmum chetranthoides, Cochlearia officinalis, Camelina sativa, Caucalis daucoides, Caucalis latifolia, Galium tricorne (found also at Skinburness), Linum usttatissimum, Plantago psyllium, Anagallis cerulea (plentiful), Claytonia perfoliata, Cephalaria syriaca, Lathyrus octuus DC., Setaria viridis, Panicum glaucum, Hordeum nmaritimum, Hordeum jubatum, Lolium temulentum, Bromus un zoloides. It should’ be mentioned with. reference to the aliens in the above list that some of them were represented only by. single specimens. The most interestitig find of the season was the discovery of Ranunculus reptans by Mr. T.'S. Johnstone (recorded in a previous number of ‘The Naturalist’) on the left.-bank of the Eden, quite close to Carlisle. Mr. Johnstone also found Lepidium virginicum and Xanthium spinosum on the ballast heaps at Silloth. —W. THomson, Carlisle, November !qQ01. Yooz April r. NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE MOSSES and HEPATICS. Some New Mosses for North or South Lincolnshire.—During the past vear there have been some new species and varieties discovered in the county, six for North Lincolnshire, V.C. 54, and eight for South Lincolnshire, V.C. 53, viz. :— Dicranum spurtum Hedw. ‘Woodhall Spa, Div. 10, tg01, S. C. Stow. Pottia bryoides Mitt. Louth, Div. 8, 1901, J. Larder. Toriula muralis Hedw. var. @estiva Brid. Court Levs, Div. 13, 1901, S: C. Stow. Tortula mutica Ldb. 1igo1. Takenat L.N.U. Meeting at Torksey, Div. 6. Barbula lurida Lab. Louth, Div. 8, 1900, Rev. W. W. Mason. Barbula cylindrica Schp. Louth, Div. 8, 1901, Rev. W. W. Mason. Cylindrothecium concinnum Schp. Cranwell, Diy, 4, 1901, S. C.. Stow. Eurhynchium tenellum Milde. Sapperton, Div. 15, 1901, S. C. Stow. Hypnum cupresstforme L. var. ericetorum B.&S. Mere, Div. 13, Rev. W. W. Mason. Hypnum aduncum (typicum) var. gracilescens Schp. Sapperton, Div. 15. 1900, S. C. Stow. HA. aduncum (typicum) var. diversifolia Ren. Spalding, Div. 17, 1901, S. ©. Stow. H. aduncum (Knerffit) var. intermedium Schp. Kirkby-on-Bain, Div. to, T90r, S. C. Stow. ! Hl. aduncum (Knetffiz) var. intermedium Schp. fornia laxifolia Sanio. Court Leys, Div. 13, 1900, S. C. Stow. H. aduncum (Anezffit) var. intermedium Schp. forma penna Sanio. Sur- fleet, Div. 16, 1901, S. C. Stow. These forms of H. aduncum have all been very kindly named for me by Mr. J. A. Wheldon. The last list of.Lincolnshire Mosses was printed in ‘ The Naturalist,’ for March 1go01.—S. C. Stow, Court Leys, Brandon, Grantham, 8th February 1902. : to NOTE on FLOWERING PLANTS. Cypripedium calceolus, etc., in 1782 at Ingleton and Kilnsey.— When making some researches in the Bodleian Library 1 came upon MS. in the Gough Collection containing a ‘ List of a few of the more rare plants - which grow wild in or near the West Riding of Yorkshire, with the places where they grow, made in i782’ (no name). Of the ‘ G ypripedium ’ ine says, ‘ This plant, having for some years been an article of sale at Ingleton, the people there having hunted so much after it that it is almost extirpated in the neighbourhood, I met with only two plants this summer, and these too young to bear flowers. They grew — just under the wall at top of the wood among the privet bushes, in the lower part of the Helk, near Ingleton. I saw about a dozen plants of it in a garden belonging to Mr. Lobby, attorney-at- law, in Bingley, who told me they were brought from Kilnsea Crag, in Craven, a place [ have never seen. Does not this help to account for the scarcity of the plant at the present day ?—it is now almost extinct. It has been generally supposed that the removals of this plant were made chiefly in the nineteenth century, but this extract shows that the mischief was done much earlier. Of Geranium pheum he says, ‘In a wood near Clapham. But most abundant in Frear Wood, near Chappel in the Dale; it grows in the lower part of the wood mixt with the 77od/zus europaeus. He also says that Polygonum Bistorta ‘is much used as food by the poor people in the months of April and May. They gather the leaves while young and tender, shread them, and, adding x a little oatmeal, tie them up in a cloth, and boil them till they become a stiff pudding, which they eat with butter.’ -W. A. SHUFFREY, Arncliffe Vicarage, Skipton, 8th November igo1. Naturalist, NOTES on MOSSES. North of England Harpidia: Corrections.—Perhaps the following errata had better be corrected in my paper on Harpidia :— : Page 78, line 19. Dove should be Dore. Page 88, lines 22-23. Staley Brushes and Wybunbury Bog should be in Eroninice 9: -“ : Page 90. The Fairbage Moor locality for H. scorptordes is in V.C. 57, Province 8. ; 1 am indebted to the Rev. W. R. Linton for these corrections.—J. A. WHELDON, Liverpool, 18th March tgo2. Is Webera cucullata Schimp. a Derbyshire Moss ?—This species is recorded for Derbyshire in Whitehead’s ‘ North Derbyshire Mosses,’ in Braithwaite's * British Moss Flora’ (Part XVI., Addenda), and in Dixon and Jameson’s * Student’s Handbook,’ and thus seems amply vouched for. These records, I believe, all rest on Mr. Whitehead’s specimens from Kinder Scout, who, ina letter enclosing a little of his original gathering, wrote that he had himself named the moss, and that Dr. Braithwaite and Mr. Boswell had both confirmed the name. and Fishes, showing w hat species are or have, within historical periods, been found in the ON W. Eagle Clarke, F. L.S.,& W. Denison Roebuck,F.L.S. PRICE 8s. 6d. May BE HAD OF THE AUTHORS, OR OF LOVELL REEVE & Co., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London. EXTRACTS FROM REVIEWS :—‘ The authors of this cata- logue may take a pride in their work, which has evidently been executed with most conscientious care. They have given a short introductory exposition of the principles by which they have been guided, and an excellent brief sketch of the physical aspects of Yorkshire, and the summary of the results of their investigation of its Vertebrata. The little book is a most ee DIS contribution to British zoologi- cal literature.'"—d 22. & Mag. Nat. H7si. ‘The work is an seek hes one of its kind.’—A ¢herceuy:. Now ready, complete, 8vo., cloth, with Coloured Map, price x 1s. od. The Flora of West Yorkshire. By FrreDERIC ARNOLD Lees, M.R.C.S., ete. This, which ferme fire: 2nd Volume of the Botanical Series of the Transactions, is perhaps the most complete work of the kind ever issued for any district, including detailed and full records ot 1,044 Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams, 11 Characezaz, 348 Mosses. 108 Hepatics, 258 Lichens, 1,009 Fungi, and 382 Freshwater Algz, making a total of 3,160 species. Lovett REEVE & Co., 5, Henrietta St.. Covent Garden. Or the work may be had from the Hon. Sees. of the Y.N.U., 259, Hyde Park Road, Leeds. London: Please mention ‘ The Naturalist’ in replying to Advertisements. JUNE 1902. No. (Published Ist June 1902), oo oma fm | : | jl uit ST Sa 545. (No. 323 of current series, } MON EEN. JOURNAL OF Suni NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. EDITED BY Peete a WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, FE.L.S., (es XB. ey? i 259, Hype Park Roap, Lerns; e. ria WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E. S., ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., JOHN W. TAYLOR, F.L.S., CHAS, P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S., W. B. TURNER, F.R.M.S. Contents :— PAGES. The Fenland Soils—Rev. Edward Adrian iWoodruffe Peacock, L.Th., F.L.S. = GS. Be : Sa EOe! Lincoinshire Naturalists at ‘Spalding —Re: . Edward Adrian Woodr rut Peacock = Lh LEP T AS Sieg ae EK Ce 189-191 Lepidoptera in Kensington Road, Middlesbrough, duriog: the Wears 1898- : 19090—Frank Elsee .. : : a2 . 193-196 The Birds of North-West iadiey = Max Peacock .. ae 5 ee Se .. 97-204 Terrestrial Mollusca cf Doncas*er—Herbe:t //. Corbett, M.R.CS. .. aE 2 = 205=207, Short Notes :—Birds, 792; Spiders. 207; Local Place-Names, gr; Tidal Phenemena, 208; Book Notice. 208. a LONDON : BOvert hitve & Co. EYrp., 6, Henrierra STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. Cirorvtey & Pickersei.r, Tie Erecrric Press, Cookrince Srreer, LEEDS. PRICE SIXPENCE NET. BY POST SEVENPENCE. Annual Subscription 6s. 6d. post free; through Booksellers, 6s. 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Henceforth this rule will still apply to all Zoological names, but in deference to the wishes of our botanical contributors the specific names of plants — will conform in this respect to the standard catalogue or monograph in each branch of botany. pean eee : BOOKS RECEIVED. Southport Soc. of Nat. Science.—Fourth Report, for 1898-99. [The Society. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 13, No. 60, May igo2z. [The Mineralogical Society. Marlborough College Nat. Hist. Soc.—Rep. No. 50, for year 1901. |The Society. Manchester F. Nat. and Arch. Soc.—4z2nd Report and Proc. for 1go01. [The Society. Moss Exchange Club.—Reports, etc., for the year rgo2. [The Club. Boston Society of Nat. History.—Proceedings, Vol. 29, No. 15, May 1go1. [Society. Természetrajzi Fiizetek, Vol. 25, 1902, Partes 1-2, 2oth April 1902. [Hung. Nat. Mus. Annotationes Zool. Japonenses, Vol. 4, Pars 2, March 1902. {Zool. Soc. of Tokyo. Hertfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc.—-Trans., Vol. 11, Part 2, Dec. 1901. [The Society. Lincolnshire Notes and Queries, Vol. 7, No. 54, for April 1902. [The Editors. Bericht tb. d. Verlagsthatigk. v. Friedlander & Sohn, No. 46, Jul.-Dec. 1901. [| Publs. Cardiff Naturalists’ Soc.—Report and Trans., Vol. 33, for 1900-1901. [The Society. The Wombat, Vol. 5, No. 2, for March 1902. [Gordon Technical College, Geelong. Entomological Society of London.—Transactions, 1902, Part 1, 14th Apl. 1902.[Soc. Science Gossip, N.S., Vol. 8, No. 95, for April 1902. [John T. Carrington, Editor. Manchester Geol. Society.—Trans., Vol. 27, Part 9, March 1902. [The Society. Hull Museum Publications, No. 7.—Old Hull Pottery and East Riding Geology, by T. Sheppard, 8vo., March 1902. [ Author. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc.—Mem. and Proc., Vol. 46, Pt. 4, March 1902. [Soc. Revue Bryologique, 29° Année, 1902, No. 3, 23rd May. [M. T. Husnot, Cahan, Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, No. 379, 1° Mai 1902. [Mons. Adrien Dollfuss. Royal Dublin Society.—Scient. Trans., Vol. 7, Part 13, Oct. 1901. [The Society. Geological Magazine, N.S., Dec..4, Vol. 9, No. 454, for April 1902. American Monthly Micro. Journ., No. 268, for April 1902. [C. W. Smiley, Publ. Geography: Notes of Manch. Geog. Soc.—No. 68-9, May-June 1902. |The Society. Hobbies, Vol. 13, Nos. 338-345, 5th April to 24th May 1902. [The Publishers. Entomologists’ Record, Vol. 14, No. 5, 15th May 1902. [J- W. Tutt. Editor. Knowledge, Vol. 25, No. 199, for May 1902. [H. F. Witherby, Ed., London. The Zoologist, 4th Series, Vol. 5, No. 731, 15th May 1902. [ West, Newman& Co., Publ. Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. 11, No. 119, May 1902. [Charles Mosley, Publisher. The Nautilus, Vol. 16, No. 1, for May 1902. [H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors. Psyche: Journ. of Entom., No. 313, for May 1902. [Cambridge Ent. Club, U.S.A. The Irish Naturalist, Vo]. 11, No. 5, for May rooz. [The Editors. Dublin. Nature Notes, Vol. 13, No. 149, for May 1go2. [Selborne Society, London, New Phytologist, edited by A. G. Tansley, No. 5, 16th May 1902. [ Editor. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist. Soc.—Trans., Vol. 4, Pt. 2, 1897-99, 8vo. |The Society. Bulletin of University of Montana, Biological Series, No. 1, 1901. [ University. C. G. Lloyd.—Mycological Notes, Nos. 1-4, Nov. 1898-Nov. 1899. [Lloyd Library. ‘“Oneand All’ Gardeners’ Chronicle and Guide, 1902, 8vo. [Agric. & Hort. Assn. Ltd. W. C. Crawford.—Presidential Address: Nature Study from the Points of View of the Field Naturalist. [The Author. W. B. Crump and W. G. Smith. —The Utilization of Waterworks’ Gathering-Grounds by Afforestation, 8vo., 1902. [The Authors. H.S. Pratt.—A Course in Invertebrate Zoology, 8vo., cl., 1902. [Ginn & Co., Publ. LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt. Seconp SERIES now ready, post free, Is. 2d. ; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, Ambleside. THE FENLAND SOILS. Rev. EDWARD ADRIAN WOODRUFFE PEACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S., Vicar of Cadney; Organising and Botanical Secretary, Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union. No one can understand the meaning of the phrase ‘Fenland Sous) whois mot a native of the level and something of a geologist. The maps, pictorial diagrams, and illustrations I show you [The Spalding Gentlemen’s Society] this evening etemiorrime spurpose of bringing home this fruth. It is a practical as well as a scientific fact, as I hope I shall be able to demonstrate. It was pceinted out years ago that the past and present shade into one another in the Fenland area— geological time gradually changing into existing circumstances, as the fauna and flora of the deposits and that of the time being prove. During the Tertiary Epoch, especially in Newer Pliocene time—which has not left a fragment of a bed in Lincolnshire— the county stood at a much higher level than at present. One chief river flowing through the now much-denuded Lincoln Gap, joined by a number of smaller tributary streams flowing from the west and south-west, cut out the huge basin of the Fenland in the Secondary strata. The emboucher gap of this river system is 20 miles across from the chalk at Skendleby, in Lincolnshire, to the same rock at Hunstanton, in Norfolk. This, however, gives but a poor idea of the Fenland proper, which lies within the entrance chalk barrier. From Greetwell, in Lincolnshire, to Quy-cum-Stow, in Cambridgeshire, the distance in a bee line is 74 miles across peat and silt only. Imeitie “other direction, from the west of Braceborough, in Lincolnshire, to Wormegay, in Norfolk, it is 36 miles. The depth cut down by this ancient river system is from 1,000 to 2,000 feet. As the Upper Chalk is wholly missing in this county, having suffered denudation by marine or subaérial agencies as it rose gradually from its deep-sea bed, and later from the ice- plough of the Pleistocene Epoch—and the levels are not the same as formerly—it is quite impossible to be more precise. The whole of the Chalk and Neocomian strata were cut through and removed oceanwards, and the Kimeridge Clay and even a part of the Oxford Clay were cut out. Nothing could resist the attrition and scooping power of the water from the then high lands.of the west. As far as I know no contemporary eravels, sands, or silts of the Tertiary River period have been observed, neither are they likely to be discovered. It is 1gc2 June x. M 178 Peacock: The Fenland Sozls. a question whether there was a ‘North Sea’ during the earlier time of the formation of the Fenland basin. In Middle Tertiary time, in all probability, Britain was joined to Norway by the Orkneys and Shetlands, and to Iceland by the Faroes. In Oligocene times the old Fenland river system, if it then existed, must have drained into a southern sea, where France, Germany, and the Netherlands are now situated. If we put the Fenland basin denudation period much later, as I believe we should, in late Pliocene times the detritus of the river would be discharged many miles to the east of our present coast line into what would be then a continental river rather than the ocean. The Thames and Rhine would be other branches of this stream, and the Fenland one of its middle height valleys. Certainly in Pleistocene times, the forest period before the peat formation, a large river only would be found where the North Sea rolls at present. The only point for us to notice specially is that all the material cut out of the Fenland basin was swept out of our area completely. The Pleistocene, Quaternary, or Modern Period, began with the increasing cold of Pre-Glacial time. When it reached its local climax in the Chalky Boulder Clay Period of the Ice Age, the whole of the Fenland basin was practically covered with Boulder Clay, gravel, and sand, under a vast sheet of ice. The ice stream came from the N.E. along the deepest part of what is now the ocean bed. The north of England and Scotch ice was deflected by the Scandinavian ice-stream, which lay still further to the east, over east Yorkshire and the whole of Lincolnshire lticame to us from thes NE sa baespne = Chal kay, Boulder Clay chalk predominates; there is also much Neocomian, but distant boulders are found from the N. of England, Scotland, and Norway. They vary in proportion to the nearness of the localities from which the supply has been transported. The Boulder Clay is said to be 4o0o feet thick at Boston, and at one time must have filled the whole basin of the Fenland. It is now covered by thin beds of the Fenland deposits of Pleistocene age except in a few spots. > ———____ NOTE on SPIDERS. Diplocephalus spinosus (sp. nov. ?) in South-West Yorkshire.— No less than twelve males of the Spider described in ‘The Naturalist,’ December 1901, as D. spinosus sp. nov. occurred to me during the past year in the neighbourhood of Slaithwaite. It is not, however, a good species in the opinion of our leading English authority (Rev. O. Pickard Cambridge), and, on reconsideration, not even in that of its author himself, It does not specifically differ from, but is a strongly-marked form of, D. permixtus Cb., having three spines, instead of the more usual two spines, on the radial joint of the male palpus. In the collection of the former gentleman is an example having three radial spines on one palpus, and two radial spines on the other. All the D. permixtus Cb. I have collected here are of the more robust spznosus form.—WM. FALCONER, Bank Field, Slaithwaite, Huddersfield, 12th February 1902. 1gcz June 1. NOTE on TIDAL PHENOMENA. Three Tides in Twenty-four Hours. ; are the order of the day in the West Indies, the following note pe my pee s, Edward Peacock, F.S.A., of Wickentree House, Kirton- Lindsey, may not be without some little interest to geologists :—‘ My father (Edward Shaw Peacock, of Bottesford Moors, Brigg), when he was a young man (probably about 1815, but I am not certain of the year), knew old Abraham Egar, who was super- intendent at the clough heads of the Double Rivers at “Keadby, i in Athorpe parish. One day he visited Keadby, and in’conversation with him the old man said, ‘There has been an earthquake somewhere! Can you tell me where?’ My father said he had not heard of one. ‘Iam sure there has,’ the old man answered, ‘for there were three tides came up the Trent a few days since, but the extra tide was only a little one.’ He then went on to say that he was only a lad helping his father, who held the same post as he then did in 1755, when the great earthquake at Lisbon took place, and then a third tide, a very large one, rushed up the Trent. My father saw in the newspapers some time afterwards that there had been an earthquake, but not a severe one, somewhere in Spain or Portugal, corresponding with the time Abraham Egar indicated.’ As our tides come to the Humber from the north these earthquake waves must have travelled round the British Islands before it could run down the North Sea.—E, ADRIAN WOODRUFFE- PEACOCK, Cadney, Brigg, 16th May 1902. BOOK NOTICE. Transactions | of the | Hull Scientific and | Field Naturalists’ Club | for the Year 1oor1.| Vol. I. No. 1V. | (With Title Page, Index, &c.) | Edited by Thomas Sheppard, F.G.S.| — | Price Five Shillings Net. | — | (Free to Members.) | Sold by | A. Brown & Sons, Ltd., Savile St. & King Edward St., Hull. | — | December, 1gor. [Svo., paper covers, pp. 157-252, and plates 12-32. | The bulk of this interesting part is devoted to an excellent paper by Messrs. F. W. Mills and R. H. Philip on ‘The Diatomacee of the Hull:District,’ in which no less than about 600 species and varieties are enumerated, with localities, including all the forms recorded in the classical lists of George Norman of 1859 and 1865. The introductory remarks to the paper are of great interest, and the paper is exceedingly well illustrated on 16 plates with 588 figures from drawings by Mr. Mills. The Rev. E. Maule Cole follows with a a paper on ‘W ater- Spouts on the Yorkshire Wolds,’ illustrated by 3 plates and a text-illustration. Next comes one of those most interest- ing articles on ‘By-gone Hull Naturalists’ written by the Editor, his subject being Adrian Hardy Haworth, of whom a portrait and autograph are given. An unsigned article follows, in which Mr. Tom Petch very thoughtfully dis- cusses the East Riding distribution of the Sea Lavender (Statice limonitum), and by the same writer is a paper on ‘Paludestrina jenkinsi near Hull.’ The next important article is Messrs. T. Stainforth and H. E. Johnson's ‘Second List of Coleoptera occurring near Hull.’ Mr. C. Crossland next records with figures, ‘Wollista cinerascens Rehm. at Brough,’ a new record for Britain; and the Secretary's Report on the Progress made by the Club during 1900-1901 winds up the part. Once more the Hull Naturalists are to be congratulated on their enthusiasm, their energy, and their public spirit, and above all upon the scientific value of the papers they publish and the care with which they avoid publishing popular and chatty articles of but ephemeral value and articles outside their geographical area, and we trust that all who wish them well will express their sympathy in terms of the pocket, and purchase this part, if only to recoup the club for their financial enterprise. Naturalist, The Naturalists’ Journal. Edited by CHARLES MOSLEY. The most popular Illustrated Magazine published in the interests of nature students (especially beginners). Prepaid Subscription: 2s. 6d. per annum, post free to any part of the world. Send stamp for specimen copy. A Superior Edition is published at 5S. per annum, with coloured plates. Speci- men copy sixpence. MUSEUM Press, Lockwood, HUDDERSFIELD. THE 204 pp. Demy Svo., Cloth extra, price 6s. 6d. net. 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ALFRED Tabi iY) Eee \ sys ay Pepe ped Sl Dee Iniusoria of Grimsby District. —A. Surri; F.L:S: j Durham Diptera, a Preliminary List.—Rev. W. J. WinGate. Birds of Rydal Parish, Westmoriand.—Miss M. L. Arwmirr. Bulbiferous Forms of Webera annotina.—Prof. T. Barker. Half-Day Ramble at Mablethorpe.—A. Smirn, F.L.S., F.E.S. a Always Urgently Needed: An Abundant Supply of Short Notes. FROM JOHN C. NIMMO’S LIST. EMPOR PANS WORE ON BRS ES avs Now Ready. One Volume, ewe. Ben. , Buckram Cloth, a top, with Thirty-five Coloured Plates, Price £2 2s. Net. A HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS, Showing the Distribution of the Resident and Migratory Species in the British Islands, with an Index to the Records of the Rarer Visitants, By J. E. HARTING, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Member of the British Ornithologists’ Union. New and Revised Edition. With 35 Guloured Plates carefully reproduced from Original Drawings by the late Professor Schlegel. Lonpon: JOHN C. NIMMO, 14, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND AN IMPORTANT NEW WORK. On the 15th of every Month. Price One Shilling. Just Published. Price 6s. FAMILIAR BUTTERFLIES | ! HE ZOOLOGIST. The Recognised Journal of Natural History. AND MOTHS. By. WF KIRBY; F-ES.-6- Ess, eS ee ee Assistant in Zoological Department, ‘A Fourth Series commenced with the January British Museum (Natural History). number (667 from commencement). With 18 Special Plates containing 216 Illustrations in Colours. CASSELL & Co., Ltd., London; and GN DGes all Booksellers. West Newman & Co., 54, Haiton Garden. Annual Subscription, post free, 12s. In Piper. as ACOSTA EAN ee Sea SYDNEY. MONOGRAPH No. It. NESTS AND EGGS OF BIRDS FOUND BREEDING IN AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA. By A. J. NORTH, C.M.Z.S., Ornithologist, Australian Museum. With Numerous Figures of Birds and Plates of Nests, Eggs, and Breeding Places. To be issued in Parts. Price 25/- complete. Orders will be recetved at the Misses. or by Messrs. ‘Anwes & Robertson, Castlereagh Street, Sydney; Messrs. 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Infusoria of the Grimsby District —4rthur Smith, F.L.S., FE. =e 209-210 The Yorkshire Boulder Committee and its Fifteenth Year's ee pet: rope —FPercy F. Kendall, F.G.S., and /. H. Howarth, F.G.S. 211-216 The Yorkshire Bou'der Committee and its Work—a Retrospect— Phowmns Sheppard, F.G.S. 2 xe Lincolnshire Rambie in Search of Ciagciine alps C. Ss ar ter, MCS. Mosses of Pooi, Yorkshire—George B. Savery ae Buibiferous Forms of Webera annotina—Prof. 7. Bar ee The Birds of Rydal—JZiss Mary L. Arimitt ae a a iz Short Notes :—Birds, 227, 224; Mollusca, 228; Pde Layo 222 Crustacea. 2105 Flowering Plants, 222, 227, 234; ‘Mosses, 234; Algz, 236: Geology, 276; —Palzontology, 222. bo A | ' iS} to ty to to to bb 2 ly wv >) ' Ny ow ak Cys AW J NI to Ww 9 ¢ LONDON : LOVELL REEVE & Co. LTD., 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. CHoRLEY & PickersGiLL, Tue Erecrric Press, CookrRipGE SrrReET, LEEDS. “PRICE SIXPENCE NET. BY POST SEVENPENCE. 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Should the Author of any short note wish its simultaneous appearance in another journal mention should always be made of such wish. The Copyright of all the contents of ‘The Naturalist’ is reserved to the proprietors. This will not prevent reproduction of any article on leave being expressly obtained from the Editor, and full acknowledg- ments given. NOMENCLATURE RULES.—The Nomenclature adopted in ‘The Naturalist’ will be —as far as possible—in accordance with the latest standard list of monograph, with such alterations as are necessary to bring the name inte accordance with the strict law of priority. CAPITALISATION OF SPECIFIC NAMES.—Hitherto the rule of ‘The Naturalist’ has been the Zoological one, that specific names shail invariably commence with a simall letter, never with capitais. Henceforth this rule will still apply to all Zoological names, but in deference to the wishes of our botanical contributors the specific names of plants. will conform in this respect to the standard catalogue or monograph in each branch of botany. BOOKS RECEIVED. Manchester Geographical Society. —Supplement to Vol. 12, for 1896, published January 1902. {The Society. Yorkshire Archeological Society.—Programme, Excursion to Guisborough, Kirk- leatham, and Redcar, 13th June 1902, 8vo. [The Society. Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Society. = Journal, Vol. 11, No. 85, March 1gor. [Soc. Manchester Geog. Soc.—Journ., Vol. 17, Nos. 7-9, July- Sept. 1901. [The Society. Bicher- Verzeichniss von R. Friedizender & Sohn.—No. 445, Geographia Plantarum, Florz, received 9th June igoz2. [ Publishers. Scientia, No. 13.—M. Mendelssohn, Les Phénomeénes électriques chez les étres vivants. June 1902, 8vo. boards. [C. Naud, Editeur. The Halifax Naturalist, Vol. 6, No. 38, for June 1902. [Halifax Stientuhic Society. Field Naturalist’s Quarterly, No. 2, for May 1902. [W. Blackwood & Sons, Publ. Southport Soc. of Nat. Science.—Fifth eee for 1899-1900. [The Society. j ol. 29, No. 16, May 1901. [Society. Hertfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc.—Tfrans., Vol. ae Part 3, March 1902. [The Society. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc.—Mem. and Proc., Vol. 46, Pt. 5, May 1902. [Soc. Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, No. 380, 1° Juin 1902. {Mons. Adrien Dollfuss. Geological Magazine, N.S., Dec. 4, Vol. 9, No. 455, for May 1902. Hobbies, Vol. 13, Nos. 346 and 347, 31st May and 7th June igo2. [The Publishers. Entomologists’ Record, Vol. 14, No. 6, 1st June igo2. [J. W.: Tutt, Editor. The Zoologist, 4th Series, Vol. 5, No. 732, 15th June1go2. |West, Newman & Co., Publ. Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. 11, No. 120, June 1902. [Charles Mosley, Publisher. The Nautilus, Vol. 16, No. 2, for June 1902. [H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors. Psyche: Journ. of Entom., No. 314, for June 1902. [Cambridge Ent. Club, U.S.A. The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 11, No. 6, for June 1902. [The Editors, Dublin. Nature Notes, Vol. 13, No. 150, for June 1902. [Selborne Society, London. Bulletin of University of Montana, Biological Series, No. 2, 1902. [ University. C. G. Lloyd.—My cological Notes, No. 5, December 1900. [Lloyd Library. Dent's County Guides: The Lake Counties, by W. G. Collingwood, 8vo. cl., 1902. ie Ge M. Deseo. Publs. Clifton F. Hodge.—Nature Study and Life, 8vo. cl., 1902. [Ginn & Ga. Publs. Hilderic Friend.—Studies in Irish Enclytraids, 8vo. reprint, 1902. | Author. H. Wallis Kew.—On the Mucus-Threads of Land-Slugs, 8vo. reprint, 1902. [ Author. Rochdale Literary & Scient. Soc.—23rd Annual Report, for year 1901. —[Society. LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt. Srconp Series now ready, post free, Is. 2d. ; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, Ambleside. Birds of the Isle of Man.—Being engaged in the collection of material for a work on Manx Birds, I would gratefully receive and acknowledge informa- tion bearing on the subject, or references to books, periodicals, etc., in which such occur, and which may not have come under my notice.—P. RALFE, The Parade, Castletown, Isle of Man. 209 INFUSORIA OF THE GRIMSBY DISTRICT. ARTHUR SMITH, F.L.S., F.E.S., Erc., Hon. Secretary and Curator of the Grimsby and District Naturalists’ Soctety. I BELIEVE that this list is the first on the subject that has been published for this County (Lincolnshire), certainly for this district; and I have to thank members of the Grimsby Natural- ists’ Society for their help in bringing samples of water and deposit from localities they may have been visiting. To Mr. Parker I am indebted for all records from Irby. The rest are recorded from my own takings, together with those brought to me. The chief work of identification, however, has been carried out most willingly by our best of local microscopists, Mr. Walter J. Wood, F.R.M.S., who has spent much time and care in naming specimens of microscopic pond life. The whole of these have been taken in the Grimsby area, from June 14th to Septem- ber 30th, 1900. As will be seen, they have been roughly classified into three chief groups, and the names are chosen from the most popular works on the subject, which will give a clue to microscopists who find so much difficulty arising out of the many synonyms given to these tiny organisms. PLEAGELLATA. Monas lens Ebr. Brocklesby, Humberstone, Little Cotes, Clee. Monas crepusculina Ebr. Brocklesby. Cercomonas globulus. Brocklesby. Heterometa ovata. Little Cotes. Trichomonas limacis Duj. Clee. Trachelomonas cylindrica E. Irby. Euglena viridis E. Humberstone, Little Cotes, Irby, Keelby, Clee, Great Cotes. Euglena acus E. Irby. Euglena longicauda Duj. Irby, Keelby, Clee, Great Cotes, Scatho. Euglena (Phacus) pleuronotes Duj- Irby. agce2 July 1. Astasia limpida Ebr. Clee. Cryptomonas globulus Ebr. Great Cotes. Chztoglena volvocina. Little Cotes. Dinobryon sertularia. Irby. Amblyophis viridis Ebr. Irby, Clee. Crumenula texta. Clee, Little Cotes. Cyclidium glaucoma. Great Cotes. CILIATA, Paramecium aurelia E. Brocklesby, Humberstone, Irby, Little Cotes, Healing, Keelby, Scatho. Alyscum saltans Duj. Humberstone, Great Scatho, Little Cotes. Coleps hirtus Ebr. Humberstone, Healing, Irby, Clee, Great Cotes, Scatho. Cotes, ie) 210 Euplotes charon. Keelby, Little Cotes. Euplotes varius. Little Cotes. Euplotes patella. \Keelby. Nassula elegans. Little Cotes. Loxophyllum (Amphileptus) meleagris Duj. Irby, Little Cotes. Amphileptus fasciola Ebr. Little Cotes, Keelby, Chilodon cucullulus. Little Cotes, Healing, Keelby, Clee, Scatho. Cheztonotus larus (placed by Ebr. among the Rotatoria, by Dujardin among the Infusoria; recently assigned a special sub-class, Gastrotricha, in the Rotatoria). Little Cotes, Healing, Great Cotes. Stylonichia histrio Ehr. Little Cotes. Stylonichia pustulata. Great Cotes. Stylonichia mytilus. Healing, Keelby, Clee, Scatho. Stylonichia lanceolata. Irby. Colpoda cucullus. Healing. Stentor polymorphus. Irby, Little Cotes. Stentor mutleri. Little Cotes. Bursaria mulieri. Irby. Bursaria vernalis. Irby. Bursaria truncatella. Little Cotes. Vorticella microstoma. Irby, Keelby, Clee, Little Cotes. Vorticella nebulifera Ebr. Clee, Great Cotes, Scatho, Little Cotes. Smith: Spiny Lobster off Flamborough. Glaucoma scintillans Ebr. Irby, Clee. Chetotyphla armata Ebr. Irby, Little Cotes. Dileptus folium. Keelby, Great Cotes, Little Cotes. Acineria incurvata. Keelby. Acineria acuta, Clee. Urostyla grandis. Keelby. Kondylostoma patens Duj. Keelby. Aspidisca lIynceus. Great Cotes, Little Cotes. Leucophrys patula. Clee. Trachelius lamella. Clee. Diselmis viridis. Irby. Uroleptus lamella. Clee. Trachelocerca olor. Clee. Phialina viridis Bory. Great Cotes. Loxodes bursaria. Great Cotes, Little Cotes. Loxodes rostrum Ebr. Irby. Loxodes viridis. Great Cotes. Plagiotoma lumbricti. Great Cotes. Kerona mytilus. Great Cotes. Kerona polyporum. Little Cotes. Scyphidia rugosa Ebr. Great Cotes. Pleuronema chrysalis. Little Cotes. Enchelys nodulosa. Little Cotes. Oxytricha pellionella Duj. Little Cotes. Oxytricha gibba. Keelby. SUCTORIA. Acineta grandis. Little Cotes. —_$$—-+ = NOTE on YORKSHIRE CRUSTACEA. Spiny Lobster off Flamborough.—A very fine specimen of the Spiny Lobster (Palinurus vulgaris) has been presented to the Grimsby Museum. It was taken in the trawl off Flamborough Head by Mr. Campion on April 24th and measures about 12 inches, not including the very long antenna. According to Bell it may be considered a rarity in northern waters, though plentiful on the western and southern coasts.—A. SMITH, 5, Cavendish Street, Grimsby, zoth April 1902. Naturalist, THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE AND ITS FIFTEENTH YEAR’S WORK, 1900-1901. PERCY F. KENDALL, F.G.S., Leeds, Chairman, AND J. H. HOWARTH, F.G.S., Halifax, Hon. Secretary. In furtherance of the objects of the Committee an excursion to the Lake District was arranged by the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society. The area chosen for study was the country round Keswick, which is so rich in rocks of pronounced petro- logical characters which might be expected to have travelled over into Yorkshire. The influence of this excursion is at once to be seen in the records of ‘erratics’ which have already been recognised. The peculiar rocks of Eycott Hill and Carrock Fell have been found at Dimlington, and a well characterised volcanic breccia occurring as boulders on Dunmail Raise has been found at Hornsea, along with a specimen of the well-known Armboth Dyke. A striated surface discovered on the southern slope of Skiddaw has been reported to the Committee as the only convenient method of recording an isolated but valuable observation. The reports from the coast tract of Yorkshire continue to yield new stations for the very characteristic Norwegian rhomb- porphyries and elzolite-svenites. The visit paid by the geologists of Yorkshire to the Cheviots and some of its results were commented upon in the last report of this Committee. Two facts stand out in the present series of records, in the light of a more intimate acquaintance with the Cheviot rocks. While we find that many observers note the great preponderance of Cheviot porphyrites over every other type of far-travelled stones, no example of the Cheviot granite has ever been identified in Yorkshire. The Chairman has long been impressed with the singularity of this absence of evidence, and after examining the rock in situ has made careful search for it at Filey, Bridlington, Whitby, and other places, where the porphyrites abound. No clearly identifiable specimen could be found. A collection was made of granitic pebbles from the shore at Whitby in order to get a sufficient series to base an opinion upon. Seventy of these stones have been sliced, and the results of a preliminary examination are not encouraging to the hope that any positive identification of the Cheviot granite can be made. The results 1902 July 1. t 212 Yorkshire Boulder Committee: Fifteenth Vear’s Work. of a fuller examination will be presented in the next report of the Committee. Meantime it may be remarked that the striking disproportion which must exist between the boulders of the Cheviot granite and those of the porphyrites will perhaps find an explanation in the conditions which prevailed in the Cheviots themselves during the time when the distribution of the erratics was in progress. i Mr. Stather’s numerous records of greywackes of a similar type in various parts of Yorkshire and on the lower slopes of the Cheviots suggests the probability of their derivation from the basin of the Tweed. Two very remarkable discoveries are reported by Mr. Fearnside. The gravels: of the Yorkshire Calder have long been noted for remarkable uniformity in the character of the included stones; besides local rocks there had been found nothing but well-defined types of Lake District rocks, andesites, agglomerates, and the granitic rocks of the Buttermere and Eskdale types, all such as might have come by way of Lancashire from the western side of the Lake District, and perhaps one or two examples of the Galloway granites. Mr. Fearnside now adds the Norwegian rhomb-porphyry, brockram, brown flints, and Shap granite—discordant elements difficult to reconcile with the very consistent series previously known. Mr. H. H. Corbett, of Doncaster, points out a singular fact: the three boulders of Shap granite found respectively at Royston, Adwick, and Balby have a vein of felspar running through each of them. Mr. Corbett has sent the Committee two Ordnance Maps of the district around Doncaster, upon which the distribution is shown of— 1. Boulder Clay. 2. Peat and Warp. 3. Gravels comprising’ principally Triassic pebbles. 4. Gravels comprising principally Coal Measure pebbles. 5. Gravels comprising both Triassic and Coal Measure pebbles. These maps appear to show that while Coal Measure rocks are found to the east of the Coal Measures of Yorkshire, the Triassic pebbles are found to the west of the Triassic area in the district. In part of the area mapped the two are mixed. Mr. Corbett writes :—Nearly all these gravels are strongly current-bedded, the dip being always towards the south-east. This is the case even with gravels on the south-east side of the Naturalist, Yorkshire Boulder Committee: Fifteenth Year's Work. 213 Don Valley. These do not dip towards the Don, but towards the Trent. Just outside the boundary of the map, near Bawtry, are gravels of Triassic pebbles with boulders of Lower Magnestan Limestone with Axinus below them. About Hatfield Moor, in the low peat land, are some low- lying mixed gravels with large erratics. (a) Granite, (4) Mill- stone grit and gannister ; and (c) Whin sill, gannister, and grit. (? Borne by floating ice when the thaw had begun.) In the Balby boulder clay (@) are numerous erratics as already reported, e.g., Shap granite, Eskdale granite, quartz porphyry, etc. About Cusworth (e) are numerous erratics, turned up by the plough, e.g., gannisters, grits, mountain limestone, whin sill, quartz porphyry, etc. At Cadeby (g@) are large rounded boulders of Lower Magne- sian limestone and coarse gravel, mostly carboniferous, with a few mountain limestones. Very similar material is found at Conisborough (A). At Adwick-on-Dearne (7) is a large Shap boulder. It is worthy of remark that the Shap boulders found at Royston, Adwick, and Balby are each traversed by a vein of felspar. (? Are they all fragments of one piece.) In the Balby clay and in the gravels near Bawtry a very large percentage of the Lower Magnesian limestone boulders contain fossils, Axznus, Mya, Turbo, etc. Near the base of the Lower Magnesian is a very constant bed containing these fossils. The only place where I have found this fossil bed cropping out is at Hooton Pagnell (4). Here it is about 15 feet thick. CUMBERLAND. Reported by JOHN CARLTON, Hull Geological Society. SKIDDAW. On left of pathway to top of Skiddaw, about 30 yards above second hut, 1,450 feet above Keswick, Glacial striz were observed on solid slate from which the turf had been recently removed. Direction W.S.W. YORKSHIRE. Reported by G. A. AUDEN. DRINGHOUSES, YORK. Carboniferous sandstone, two large boulders, one weighing 3—4 tons, obscurely striated. 1902 July 1. 214 Yorkshire Boulder Committee: Fifteenth Year's Work. Reported by W. GREGSON, F.G.S. KIRKLINGTON, Srx MILeEs N.E. or Ripon, aT COLDSTONE HOUSE FARM. One galliard or ganister, 4 ft. x 2% ft. x 2 ft. subangular, top smoothed and grooved, striz N. and S. Reported by W. G. FEARNSIDE. HoORBURY, NEAR WAKEFIELD. In an excavation for the south pier of a bridge over the river Calder. Three Shap granite, one brockram, one rhomb-porphyry, one brown flint. The boulders were taken up in the scoop of a dredger, along with a portion of basal clay, when excavating for the concreting of the foundations of the bridge pier. Reported by P. F. KENDALL, F.G.S. SETTRINGTON, VALE OF PICKERING. In fields about half a mile S.W. of railway station a thin scattering of foreign pebbles occurs among the fragments of the subjacent oolite. Twenty were collected: they include— One vein quartz pebble, (?) trias, six saccharoid quartzites, one liver-coloured, (?) trias, two carboniferous sandstone, one felspathic, one red jasper, four flints, one fine-grained gneiss (?), one basalt, one sandstone, one limestone (? local). Reported by E. HAWKESWORTH. WIGHILL, NEAR TADCASTER. Taken from material excavated in making a drain. Two dolerites, one chert. KETTLENESS, NEAR WuitTBy. On beach just south of Kettleness. One Cheviot porphyrite, one elzolite-syenite, one gneiss. WYKEHAM, VALE OF PICKERING. From gravel-pit. One dolerite, one Cheviot porphyrite, one Cheviot andesite, two grey flints, one elaolite-syenite (?), a small pebble. BROMPTON, NEAR NORTHALLERTON. The turnpike road from Northallerton to Stockton cuts through a ridge of drift just before reaching the village. It yielded— One rhyolite, one dolerite, one gabbro (?), two carboniferous limestones (black), and carboniferous sandstones. Communicated by the BOULDER COMMITTEE OF THE HULL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. AYTON, NEAR SCARBOROUGH. One rhomb-porphyry. Naturalist, Yorkshire Boulder Committee: Fifteenth Year's Work. 213 HUTTON BUSHELL, VALE OF PICKERING. In gravel-pit at east end of village. One rhomb-porphyry. WYKEHAM, VALE OF PICKERING. Jn sand-pit behind the Downe Arms Hotel. Cheviot porphyrite, lias. SEAMER. In glacial gravel in pit contiguous to railway station. Rhomb-porphyry, Cheviot porphyrite, basalt, red granite, magnesian limestone (Roker type), carboniferous limestone, black flint lias, and much sandstone from local sources. ETTON, NEAR BEVERLEY. In strong boulder clay at east end of the village. Cheviot porphyrite (several varieties), greywacke sandstone, Irasetc; GARDHAM, NEAR BEVERLEY. A shallow pit in chalky gravel west of the village contained a few foreign pebbles, among which Cheviot porphyrites were predominant. Basalt. Carboniferous limestone was also noted. Reported by THOMAS SHEPPARD, F.G.S. MEAUX, NEAR BEVERLEY. Rhomb-porphyry, Cheviot-porphyrite, carboniferous lime- stone and sandstone, lias. Reported by J. W. STATHER, F.G.S. LECONFIELD, NEAR BEVERLEY. In old gravel-pit east of Pump Bridge. Gravel consisting of chalk with a few foreign pebbles, chiefly Cheviot porphyrites and greywacke sandstone. CHERRY BURTON, NEAR BEVERLEY. Chalk capped with eight feet of boulder clay half mile east of station. Among the pebbles of non-local rocks in the clay Cheviot porphyrites greatly preponderate. Basalts are also plentiful. Greywacke sandstone and lias were also noted. BARTINDALE FARM, NEAR NortH Burton. Fifty yards east of house. Ipasalin A it, «3 ftexsg ft: GRINDALE-ON-THE-W OLDs. Many boulders occur in this neighbourhood, and a pavement has been made of them at Field Spring. Basalts are the most common. DIMLINGTON. One dolerite, Eycott Hill; one gabbro, Carrock Fell. tgo2 July 1. 216 Kendall; Notes on Geology. FERRIBY COMMON, NEAR HULL Chalky gravel in a small pit on the Humber side contains a small percentage of foreign rocks, including rhomb-porphyry, basalt, carboniferous limestone. THORNTON DALE, VALE OF PICKERING. In the cutting east of the station, through beds mapped as glacial, no trace of foreign rocks seen, all locai oolite. Reported by F. ¥F. WALTON, F.G.S. HORNSEA. One volcanic breccia, 4 in. x) 3°1n: x: 3. int, identical with boulders found in stream at Dunmail Raise, Cumberland. One quartz porphyry (Armboth Dyke), 4 in. x 3 in. x 3 in. tp NOTES on YORKSHIRE GEOLOGY. Current Bedding in the Carboniferous Limestone.—Mr. R. H. Tiddeman, in his suggestive papers on the limestone knolls of Craven, has expressed the opinion that the Carboniferous Limestone on the upthrow (northern) side of the southern Craven fault was accumulated in shallow water. Ona visit to Malham about three years ago I found several angular fragments of distinctly current-bedded limestone in the screes above the waterfall at Gordale Scar. I have made no attempt to trace these blocks to the bed from which they originate, and I think it would be a profitable task for some of our young and active geologists.—P. F. KENDALL, Leeds, 7th June 1902. C. Fox Strangways mentions in his great Monograph of the Jurassic Rocks of Yorkshire the occurrence of ‘water-worn fragments of Belemnites and Ammonites, the latter being unmistakable Lower Lias forms,’ in the Dogger at Saltwick, near Whitby. In other parts of his memoir he describes the evidences of erosion of the Upper Lias prior to the deposition of the Dogger. NOTE on YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Melanic Variety of Phigalia pedaria at Doncaster.—This variety, which has been gradually increasing in West Riding localities since its dis- covery (circ. 1880), has made its appearance in Wheatley Wood for the first time this spring, when I took a specimen on 21st March.—H. H. CORBETT, Doncaster, 6th April 1902. > NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE FLOWERING PLANTS. Queries anent the White Thorn.—Can any brother botanist give me an idea of the age which the White Thorn (Cra/egus oxyacantha) will attain when it is permitted to grow into a tree and to run its natural course? Is there any proof of the very general belief that the two-seeded variety (C. oxyacanthordes) is the old English Thorn, and that the commen hedge- row variety (C. monogyna), which is one-seeded, is a modern introduction from abroad? I have looked through the literature on the subject, but can find nothing about these two points; and when asked for my opinion a short time ago about these questions I had to acknowledge I had never met with any evidence which was of any value.—E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK, Cadney, Brigg, 15th April 1902. <> <= NOTE on YORKSHIRE PALAEONTOLOGY. Saccammina carteri Brady in Yorkshire.—The occurrence of this interesting foraminifer at two localities in Yorkshire seems worth recording, though it is unfortunately impossible to indicate the horizon in the carboniferous series to which the examples might be referred. The first specimen was found in a pebble of limestone in a gravel-pit excavated in the glacial deposits on the left bank of the river Wharfe, about fifty yards above the wooden bridge in Bolton Woods. The other specimen—the most beautiful example I have ever seen, though I have collected the species from the well-known ‘‘ Pea Post” of Northumberland —is a block of yellowish limestone, presumably an erratic, found on a wall in the village of Clapham. The colour and aspect of the limestone, which is closely packed with Saccammina, suggests that it has undergone some dolomitisation; and if that surmise be correct, then perhaps some geologist: with a more detailed knowledge of the Lower Carboniferous rocks than I possess may be able to indicate its probable horizon.—P. F. KENDALL, Leeds, 7th June 1902. Naturalist, is) ie) W NOTE on YORKSHIRE PLANTS. Propagation of Myriophyllum by ‘ Winter Buds.’—Last August I placed some flowering plants of Myriophyllum verticillatum in a small aquarium. During the whole of the winter a detached terminal of one stem has floated on the surface of the water. Two weeks ago I sank the piece by means of a small stone tied to it. Now (6th April 1902) it is growing and unfolding its whorls of leaves.—H. H. CorBett, Doncaster, 6th April 1902. —__—=> + <=—__ NOTE on YORKSHIRE BIRDS. Bird Notes from Easington and Spurn, Spring 1902.—We are having very cold weather here—had a little snow to-day. An odd Swallow (Hirundo rustica) here on the 17th April, and only the odd one; still Ido hope that they have not come to trouble in crossing. Five Red-legged Partridges (Caccabis rufa L.) were picked up one day in March on the Humber shore. They must have dropped short of the land and got drowned in crossing from Lincolnshire. I heard the first Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) on the 17th April. A Ring-Ouzel (Werula torquata), a Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus minor), and Willow Wren (P. ¢rochilus) were killed by flying against the Spurn Light- house on 16th April, and other smail birds. A fine male Pintail Duck (Dajfila acuta) was picked up here 2oth April. It must have flown against something, as it soon died. In skinning it fer my collection I found it was very badly hurt. On the 7th inst. a male Dotterel (Zudromias morinellus), very tame, was seen here in a grass field near the sea amongst a small flock of Whimbrel (Vumenius pheopus). Flock of Godwit (Zimosa sp.) about same day.—PHILIP W. LOTEN, Easington, 13th May igo2. — Se NOTES on LINCOLNSHIRE BIRDS. Heron Nesting at Laughton, Lincolnshire.—Mr. James Allinson, keeper to Mrs. Meynell-Ingram, of Laughton, recently discovered a newly- vacated Heron’s nest on a Scotch Fir, near Peacock Hole, Bunker’s Hill, Laughton. The Heronsew (Ardea cinerea), more rarely Heronshaw (from shaw, a wood), is commonly found in the peat-dykes of this neighbourhood, but cases of nesting are rare.—E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE PEACOCK, Cadney, Brigg, 20th May 1go2. ; Pied Flycatcher at Lea, near Gainsborough.—Watched a Pied Flycatcher (Fizcedula atricapilla L.) for some time, in some trees in the field in front of Lea Hall. It was very tame, and gave me a splendid view of it, reminding me much of a small Martin. It looked very cold, but was in lovely plumage, with a rosy tinge on its white breast. This is the first dated and personal record which I have of the occurrence of this bird in Lea ; but some years ago the late Sir Charles Anderson's butler shot one almost in the same spot at the same time of year. I had never before seen the bird myself alive.—MARGARET L. ANDERSON, Lea Hall, Gainsborough, 13th _May 1902. Great Spotted Woodpecker and Hawfinch at Gainsborough.— Amongst the birds coming to feed on bones placed outside my dining-room window this last winter, the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopus mayor) is worthy of record. It was first seen on the 9th March and it has continued to come at intervals up to the present time. It feeds only on a hollow marrow bone filled with ‘dripping,’ and its powers of consumption are considerable. . I have seen it drive little birds away, but they don't seem to have any fear of it, and I have seen a small Tit feeding at one end of the bone and the Woodpecker at the other. The Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) came on several occasions to crumbs thrown out on the grass, but it was never seen to eat them.— F. M. Burton, Highfield, Gainsborough, 14th April 1902. 1902 July tr. bo bo ars NOTES on LINCOLNSHIRE BIRDS. Variety of Coal Tit at Gainsborough.—In the June 1901 number of ‘The Naturalist,’ p. 191, I recorded two specimens of this bird (Parus britannicus) and alluded to another in the museum at the Rev. W. Earle’s School at Bilton Grange. The two birds returned to the ‘bones’ this year on the 11th January and are still here. One of them on careful inspection is not so distinctly marked as the other, the grey patch at the back of its head, though abnormal in shape, being more like that usually seen on an ordinary Coal Tit. Last summer I had another opportunity of seeing the Bilton specimen, and I find it is not so like the birds here as I supposed. It is, I think, a Coal Tit with a slight variation in the shape of the patch. A good ornithologist, who was lately staying with me, says he never saw any like these two Tits before, but thinks from their small size and uniform dark colour that they resemble the Marsh Tit (Parus palustris) more than the Coal Tit. If so, the difficulty of identification becomes greater (a cross between the two is, I suppose, quite inadmissible). Another winter I should be very glad if any skilled ornithologist would pay me a visit by arrange- ment and report on the birds.—F. M. Burton, Highfield, Gainsborough, 14th April 1902. Ruff and Reeves, and late Fieldfares, at Lea, near Gainsborough. —While walking in Lea Marshes, on the afternoon of Thursday, 24th April, I observed three birds which I have very little reason to doubt were a Ruff and two Reeves (Pavoncella pugnax L.), standing in the middle of a grass field, at some distance from me. One, probably the male bird, was con- siderably larger than a Redshank; the other two, which I took to be females, were about the same size, or a very little larger, than that bird. The apparent male, observed through my field-glasses, had a black head and chest, with a curious square look about the former before the eyes, just about the base of the beak; the back was dark reddish-brown ; the sides grayer, and the belly white, or at anyrate lightish. The two smaller birds were much grayer, also dark about the head, with lighter backs and whitish bellies. They would not allow me to get any nearer, and flew away when I approached, but still remained in company and pitched in the Great Marsh, two or three fields away, where I afterwards fancied I saw them through the glasses, dancing and jumping upon the ground. Of this last circumstance, however, I cannot be certain. In flight the larger size of the one bird was very apparent. The wings were carried much like those of a Redshank, and showed a good deal of white, as a Redshank’s wings do, but it was not nearly so drz7ght a white, and the whole plumage was conspicuously darker than that of a Redshank. I mentioned the circumstance of my having seen such birds to Mr. Burton, of Highfield, Gainsborough, who passed on my note to Mr. Caton Haigh. I felt a certain amount of doubt as to the correctness of my theory owing to the apparent absence of any ruff or collar from the neck of the male bird. Mr. Caton Haigh’s reply, however, served to dissipate my last hesitation, and determined me in my resolution to send a record of such interest to ‘The Naturalist... He wrote: ‘I think Miss Anderson is un- doubtedly right in her surmise as to the identity of the birds seen by her. The male bird had probably not completed his ruff at the time.’ He added: ‘Mr. Peacock informs me that they still attempt to breed on Scotter Common.’ I may add that on Tuesday, 29th April, I again walked down into the Marshes with Mr. Burton, but did not again see our visitants, a fact which seems to be still further in favour of the correctness of my theory. On the way back to the house on this latter occasion we noticed a party of eight Fieldfares. This is the latest date on which I have recorded the appearance of these birds, with the exception of a note which I have recording their stay so late as the 2nd May 1899.—MARGARET L. ANDERSON, Lea Hall, Gainsborough, 5th May 1902. Naturalist, LINCOLNSHIRE RAMBLE IN SEARCH OF CLAUSILIA ROLPHII. Caso CARTE Re Honorary Curator of the Museum of the Louth Antiquarian and Naturalists’ Society, Louth, Lincolnshtre. Peenerend.of April 1oo1 Mr. J. W. Taylor, F.L.S., and Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., joined some of their Lincolnshire fellow-workers—the Rev. E. A. Woodruffe Peacock, F.L.S., Bates ands Mir. H.-M: Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S.—in making investigations in the neighbourhood of Gainsborough. Thence they proceeded to Louth, where I had the pleasure of meeting them in company with Mr. H. Wallis Kew, F.Z.S., who was also visiting the county; and of submitting to Mr. Taylor a very widely scalariform monstrosity of Helix rofundata which I had previously found in a living state at North Reston, near Louth,’ and which monstrosity he pronounced to be extremely unusual. On the 1st May we visited several of the delightful woods which flank the wolds southward of Louth, our principal object being to search for Clausilia rolphit, for which Mr. Kew had, in 1887, discovered three habitats in this neighbourhood. This notable mollusc, which was formerly supposed to be restricted in Britain to the South of England, has in this island a very discontinuous and local distribution; and its discovery in Lincolnshire—far removed from its previously known range— was of considerable interest to conchologists.” Indeed, Mr. Roebuck, in his admirable ‘ Materials towards a List of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of Lincolnshire (1887),’ stated that the record of this species was the most important and significant fact which his paper contained—important inasmuch as this new locality was so far distant from the very few English counties which the species had hitherto been known to inhabit and much further north than any one of them, and significant as showing the possibilities of a county which had been so little worked as Lincolnshire.2 The places in which the animal was found are 1¢.S. Carter, Helix rotundata m. scalariforme, Science Gossip, 1900, N.S., Vol. 7, p. 96. 2J. W. Taylor, Discovery of Clausilia rolphit in North Lincolnshire, Journal of Conchology, 1887, Vol. 5, p. 220. 3W. Denison Roebuck,.Materials towards a List of the Land and Fresh- water Mollusca of Lincolnshire, Naturalist, 1887, pp. 245-277. 1902 July 1. 226 Carter: Lincolnshire Ramble. three old oak woods, viz., Maltby Wood, Haugham Pasture, and Burwell Wood, and though not very close together are all in the same neighbourhood, on the eastern flank of the wolds ; in some parts the chalk is slightly covered with clay, but it is interesting to note that the three localities for the shell are in the same long post-glacial ravine, where the surface is chalk. This ravine is the most important of the post-glacial excavations of the immediate neighbourhood, and is described in detail by Mr. Jukes-Browne in his Geological Survey Memoir of 1887. The principal channel commences, he says, at the south corner of Burwell Wood and runs N.W. to Haugham Wood, where it receives two tributaries. The valley bottom is flat, but not level, having shallow depressions or basins where rushes grow, and which are, doubtless, hollows of solution or swallow-holes. At the S.W. corner of Haugham Wood there is a curious bulge in the valley, forming a kind of cul de sac with an oblong swallow-hole in the centre; it succeeds a very sharp bend in the valley, and has evidently been formed by the forcible rush of water in times of flood. In Haugham Pasture the channel takes a sharp horse-shoe bend, and here there is a large pond, probably marking the site of a swallow-hole. The ravine then runs north-east to Cawthorpe.* This ravine is, I understand, the most northerly locality in Britain in which Clauszlia rolphit has yet been found. Passing by Jenney Wood, we paused to examine a Keeper’s tree—an oak—from whose branches hung two Polecats, several Weasels, a Hedgehog, a Kestrel, a Sparrowhawk, a Jay, a Mag- pie, etc. On some of these victims we observed in considerable numbers the well-known beetle Dermestes murinus. Continuing our walk we arrived at the border of Maltby Wood, and found ourselves in the field known to some Louth naturalists as the ‘Botanists’ Meadow,’ but more commonly called the ‘Greasy Field,’ from the fact that this is the only local habitat for the ‘Greasy Fritillary’ (W/elite@a artemis). Here, amongst long dry herbage of the previous season, Anemone nemorosa raised innumerable delicate blossoms to the May-day sun, and the whole scene was one of indescribable loveliness. The charm was enhanced by the notes of the cuckoo, the green wood- pecker, the melodious voices of the lark and other songsters. Here, too, was the charming pink of the little Lousewort (Pedcu- larts sylvatica); and the ‘Oxlip’—not the true Primula elatior, 44. J. Jukes-Browne, Geology of East Lincolnshire, Geological Survey Memoir, 1887, p. 125. Naturalist, Carter: Lincolnshire Ramble. 227 however, but the cowslip-primrose or hybrid between Primula veris and Primula vulgaris. In this field our entomologists find, besides the Greasy Fritillary, several interesting Lepidoptera, amongst them being the Burnet Noctua (Auclidia glyphica) and the Mother Shipton (Zuclidia mz). The local Tansy Beetle (ddimonta tanacetc) is also found here, and its little blackish larve may be seen later in the year feeding on the leaves of the Devil’s-bit-Scabions. Keeping. to the border of Maltby Wood, along the road leading from Little Cawthorpe to Haugham, we entered the somewhat shallow ravine above mentioned. At the extreme corner of the wood is a small long-disused pit, into which we turned, and this with some eagerness, for we had now arrived at one of the known habitats of Clauszlia rolphit. Turning over pieces of chalk and logs of wood, we speedily found the mollusc in a living state, but not in great numbers. Besides this species “we found C. lamzinata, C. bidentata, Helix hortensts var. lutea 00000, /7. rotundata, H. aculeata, H. hispida, Hyalinia alliaria, f1y. crystallina, Hy. fulva, Cochlicopa lubrica, Buliminius obscurus, Carychium minimum; and of slugs, Arzon ater (young only), A. hortensis, A. circumscriptus, Agriolimax agrestis, and A. levis. Of beetles we found Chrysomela polita and Barynotus obscurus. The characteristic plant was the Broad-leaved Garlic (Allium urstnum), which was just beginning to show buds. On leaving this place—as the time at our disposal would not permit us to visit Haugham Pasture—we crossed the fields to the Haugham and Burwell Woods, whose margins were gay with primroses, cowslips, wild hyacinths, and anemones, the last varying in shade from white to crimson. In an adjoining field I found a very good neolithic flint flake. We now re-entered the long winding ravine, which is here a considerable valley, running along the border and within the confines of Burwell Wood, and known as Grisel Bottom. This was also one of the places in which we were to look for Clauszliu rolphti, and in which, moreover, we had the good fortune to refind it. In this place we also found C. daminata, C. biden- tata, Helix nemoralis, H. hortensis (a few dead specimens), /7. arbustorum, H. rotundata, H. lapicida (one dead specimen—an interesting find as only two examples had previously been found in the Louth district, and these some years ago by Mr. Kew), Ayalinia cellaria, H. alliaria, Buliminus obscurus, Carychium minimum, Cyclostoma elegans, Arion ater (young only), A. hor- tensis, A. circumscriptus, A. minimus, and Agriolimax agrestis. 1902 July 1. 228 Carter: Clausilia rolphit in Lincolnshire. Mr. Roebuck dredged a shallow pond and found Aplexa hyp- norum, Planorbis nautileus, and Pisidium pusillum. It may be of interest to mention that this wood was once part of the possessions of the father of the celebrated Martin Lister, whom we rightly regard as one of the pioneers of natural history observations.’ Being pre-Linnean, this eminent man had not the advantage of the bi-nominal designations with which we are now so familiar. In referring to the mollusc we now call Cyclostoma elegans, for instance, he wrote in his ‘ Historiz Animalium Angliz,’ 1678: Cochlea cinerea, tnterdum levtter rufescens, striata, operculo testaceo, and for our fyalinia fulva, Buccinum parvum sive Trochilus sylvaticus agrt Lincolniensts. He records the occurrence of both these animals in Burwell Woods, in which place both were re-discovered— more than 200 years afterwards —in 1886-7.° Lister also describes our Hel7x /apicida under the title of Cochlea pulla, sylvatica spiris tn actem depressts, and says that it is an elegant and rare shell, and that he found it in the woods of Lincolnshire. In Grisel Bottom we found a six-leaved specimen of Herb- paris (Paris quadrifolia) in bloom; and I gathered the Tooth- wort (Lathrea squamaria), which was of special interest, as it had not been previously recorded for the district. The day after our ramble, Mr. Kew, in these same woods, re-found an interesting little acquaintance of a former year—the land- planarian (Rhynchodemus terrestris), the only native representa- tive in these Islands of the terrestrial planarian worms. >R. W. Goulding, Martin Lister, Lincolnshire Archzeological and Archi- tectural Society Report, 1900, Vol. 25, p. 339. 6H. W. Kew, Cyclostoma elegans re-discovered in North Lincolnshire, Naturalist, 1886, p. 347; H. W. Kew, Zonztes fulvus re-discovered in its ancient locality in Lincolnshire, ‘ Journal of Conchology,’ 1887, Vol. 5, p. 199. Sa ee SS NOTE on MOLLUSCA. New Locality for Clausilia rolphii in Lincolnshire.—On 11th May, when passing the chalk pit once famous for Marbled White Butterflies, by the side of London Road, near Kenwick Bar, I went in, began turning over lumps of chalk, etc. Under one lump I found a fine specimen of Clausilia rolphiz, and another under a piece of wood. This pit is about a mile north-west from the nearest locality, Maltby Wood, where this species has previously been found. Besides CZ. rolphii 1 found Arzon ater, A. minimus, Agriolimax agrestis, Hyalinia cellaria, H. alliaria, Helix rolundata, H. hispida, H. pulchella v. costata, and Cochlicopa lubrica.—C. S. CARTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 12th May 1go2. Naturalist, to bo Ne) MOSSES OF POOL, YORKSHIRE. GEORGE B. SAVERY, Silverton, Exeter; formerly of Pool, Yorkshire. Tue district from which the following mosses were collected comprises the Wharfe Valley from Farnley to Harewood, the Washburn Valley as far as Norwood, and the higher ground round Almias Cliff and Adel Bog. The mosses were gathered at various times from 1899 to 1001. The whole district is on the Millstone Grit, and is unfor- tunately much polluted by smoke: the result of this has been to practically annihilate the more delicate mosses. For example, the genus Wezssza Ehrh. is totally wanting, and Orthotrichum is only represented by O. diuphanum and a few stunted specimens of O. affine. The old moss-flora of Adel Bog seems to be going in the same way as the Phanerogams have gone. SAryum Duvalit Voit. is the only interesting discovery there. Almias Cliff still retains a few montane forms, but in a stunted condition. A fair number of moorland mosses were collected from the peat at Norwood. From the Wharfe the most interesting moss was Fissidens rufulus. Previous records for this district are very few, but of them only one or two have been confirmed. The majority of the mosses have been collected by my brother, Mise Savery . The more critical species have been kindly named for me by various more experienced bryologists. The names used are those of Dr. Braithwaite’s ‘British Moss Flora,’ but, as that work is not completed, the remainder are taken from Mr. C. P. Hobkirk’s ‘Synopsis,’ Edition II. Georgia pellucida (L.) Rabenh. Creskeld. Catharinea undulata (Web.) Mohr. Common. Polytrichum aloides Hedw. Common. Polytrichum piliferum Schreb. Leathley and Lindley Wood. Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. Almias Cliff. Polytrichum commune L. Common but sterile. Fissidens viridulus (Swartz.) Wahl. Castley. Fissidens incurvus Starke. Castley and Leathley. Fissidens bryoides (L.) Hedw. Common. Fissidens fontanus Schimp. Wharfe bank at Castley (teste CP dlebkirk): | 1go2 July 1. 230 Savery: Mosses of Pool, Yorkshire. Fissidens rufulus Schimp. Wharfe bank at Castley (teste C. P. Hobkirk and R. Braithwaite). Fissidens taxifolius (L.) Hedw. Common. Pleuridium axillare (Dicks.) Lindb. Farnley Fish-pond. Pleuridium subulatum (L.) Rabenh. Pool Bank and Leathley. Pleuridium alternifolium (WKaulf.) Rabenh. Castley. Dicranella heteromalla (Dill.) Sch. Common. Dicranella cerviculata (Hedw.) Sch. Norwood. Anisothecium -rubrum (Huds.) Lindb. Lindley Wood and Arthington. Anisothecium rufescens (Dicks.) Lindb. Stainburn. Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz.) Brid. Norwood, c.fr. Campylopus fragilis (Dicks.) Br.&Sch. Norwood, c.fr. Campylopus flexuosus (L.) Brid. Pool Bank and Norwood. Dicranoweissia cirrata (L.) Lindb. Common. Dicranum scoparium (L.) Hedw. Common but sterile. Dicranum Bonjeani DeNot. Leathley and Norwood. Dichodontium pellucidum (L.) Sch. The Washburn and Riffa Beck at Stainburn. Dichodontium flavescens (Dicks.) Lindb. Farnley and the Riffa Beck at Stainburn. Oncophorus striatus (Schrad.) Lindb. Norwood. Ceratodon purpureus (L.) Brid. Very common. Phascum acaulon L. Common. Pottia truncatula (L.) Lindb. Common. Pottia lanceolata (Hedw.) C.M. Castley. Pottia Starkei (Hedw.) C.M. var. Davallii Sm. Arthington. Tortula aloides (Koch) DeNot. Castley. Tortula muralis (L.) Hedw. Very common. Tortula subulata (L.) Hedw. Common. Tortula mutica Lindb. Wharfe banks at Castley and Arthing- ton. Tortula montana (Nees.) Lindb. Stainburn. Tortula ruralis (L.) Ehrh. Stainburn and Castley. Mollia viridula (L.) Lindb. Very common. Mollia tenuirostris (Hk.&T.) Lindb. Norwood. Leptodontium flexifolium (Dicks.) Hampe. Almias Cliff and Norwood. . Naturalist, Savery: Mosses of Pool, Vorkshtre. 2 Go on | Barbula rubella (Hofim.) Mitt. Common. Barbula lurida (Hsch.) Lindb. Common on the Wharfe banks (teste C. P. Hobkirk). Barbula brevifolia (Dicks.) Lindb. Pool, c.fr. (teste C. P. Hobkirk). Barbula fallax Hedw. Almias Cliff and Bramhope, c.fr. Barbula spadicea Mitt. Pool, c.fr. Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mitt. Castley. Barbula cylindrica (Tayl.) Sch. Common but sterile. Barbula Hornschuchii Schultz. Adel and Leathley (teste W. Ingham). Barbula convoluta Hedw. Common. Barbula unguiculata (Huds.) Hedw. Common. Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P.B. In the Wharfe. Leersia contorta (Wulf.) Lindb. Common. Grimmia apocarpa (L.) Hedw. Leathley and Castley. Grimmia apocarpa (L.) Hedw. var. rivularis (Brid.) W.M. Common in the Wharfe. Grimmia pulvinata (L.) Sm. Common. Grimmia trichophylla Grev. Almias Cliff. Grimmia obtusa (Sm.) Lindb. Almias Cliff (teste C. P. Hobkirk). Grimmia heterosticha (Hedw.) C.M. Almias Cliff. | Grimmia acicularis (L.) C.M. Stainburn and Almuias Cliff. Grimmia fascicularis (Schrad.) C.M. Lindley Wood. Glyphomitrium polyphyllum (Dicks.) Mitt. Almias Cliff. Orthotrichum affine Schrad. Wharfe bank at Castley. Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrad. Castley. Discelium nudum (Dicks.) Brid. Bank of the Washburn at Farnley. } Physcomitrium pyriforme (L.) Brid. Leathley. Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Sibth. Common. Leptobryum pyriforme (L.) Wils. On brickwork at Pool. Pohlia nutans (Schreb.) Lindb. Common. Pohlia carnea (L.) Lindb. Wharfe bank at Arthington, c.fr. Pohlia albicans (Wahl.) Lindb. Common but sterile. Bryum inclinatum (S.W.) Bland. Farnley. Bryum pendulum (Hsch.) Schimp. Farnley. Bryum intermedium Brid. Pool. 1902 July 1. 222 Savery. Mosses. of Pool, Vorkshire. Bryum cespiticium L. Common. Bryum argenteum L. Common. Bryum bicolor (Dicks.) Leathley and Arthington. Bryum pallens Sw. Lindley Wood, c.fr. Bryum Duvalii Voit. Adel Bog (teste C. P. Hobkirk and R. Braithwaite). | Bryum ventricosum Dicks. Farnley, Leathley and Norwood Bryum capillare L. Very common. Bartramia pomiformis (L.) Hedw. Bramhope and Stainburn. Philonotis fontana (L.) Brid. Lindley Wood and Stainburn. Gymnocybe palustris (L.) Fries. Norwood. Gymnocybe palustris var. imbricata (B.&S.) Lindb. Nor- wood (teste R. Braithwaite). Gymnocybe palustris var. fascicularis (Brid.) Lindb. Adel. Orthopyxis androgyna (L.) P.B. Stainburn and Weeton. Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) P.B. Castley. Mnium hornum (L). Very common. Mnium silvaticum Lindb. Bramhope. Mnium cuspidatum (L.) Neck. Almias Cliff. Mnium undulatum L. Common. Mnium rostratum Schrad. Common. Mnium stellare Reich. Castley. Mnium pseudopunctatum B.&S. Norwood, c.fr. Mnium punctatum L. Common. Thuidium tamariscifolium (Neck.) Lindb. Common. Leskea polycarpa Ehr. Common by the Wharfe. Amblystegium filicinum (L.) DeNot. Common. Amblystegium fluviatile (Swartz.) Schimp. In the Wharfe at Castley. Amblystegium serpens (L.) Br.&Sch. Very common. Amblystegium riparium (L.) Br.& Sch. Weeton and Farnley. Amblystegium riparium var. longifolium Schultz. Weeton (teste ©. Pe ilobkirk): Amblystegium glaucum (Lam.) Lindb. Castley. Amblystegium aduncum (L.) Lindb. Almias Cliff; Lindley Wood, and Adel Bog, c.fr. Amblystegium fluitans (L.) DeNot. Castley. Amblystegium Kneiffii Schimp. Farnley Fish Pond. Naturalist, Amblystegium palustre (Huds.) Lindb. Savery. Mosses of Pool, Yorkshire. io») ioe) Common. Amblystegium stramineum (Dicks.) DeNot. Norwood. Hypnum purum 1. Common. Hypnum striatum Schreb. Norwood. AHypnum preiongum LL. Common. Hypnum Swartzii Vurn. Castley. lypnum crassinerve Yayl. Bank of the Wharfe at Castley. Hypnum piliferum Schreb. Bramhope and Castley. Hypnum rusciforme Neck. Common. Hypnum murale Neck. Arthington and Castley. Hypnum confertum (Dicks.) Br.& Sch. Common. Hypnum velutinum L. Common. Hypnum pseudoplumosum Brid. Inthe Washburn and Riffa Beck. Hypnum viride Lamk. Leathley and Castley. Hypnum rutabulum L. Very common. Aypnaum rivulare Bruch. Common. Hypnum sericeum L. Common. Isothecium myosuroides (L.) Brid. Leathley. [sothecium viviparum (Neck.) Lindb. Weeton. Climacium dendroides W.&M. Adel Bog. Rhynchostegium depressum Bruch. (teste W. Ingham). Plagiothecium denticulatum L. Common. Farnley, Almias Cliff Farnley and Castley Plagiothecium Borrerianum Spruce. and Bramhope. Plagiothecium undulatum L. Almias Cliff and Pool Bank. Hypnum cupressiforme Dill. Very common. Hypnum resupinatum Wils. Hypnum cuspidatum LL. Common. Hypnum Schreberi Willd. Pool Bank and Almias Cliff. Hylocomium splendens Hedw. Leathley and Almias Cliff. Hylocomium squarrosum L. Common. Hylocomium triquetrum L. Weeton. Fontinalis antipyretica L. Common. Neckera complanata LL. Harewood. Thamnium alopecurum L. Common. Sphagnum cymbifolium Ehr. Norwood. Castley and Stainburn. ILeaitialesy, @.ine- 1902 July r. 234 Notes on Plants. Sphagnum subsecundum Nees. Norwood. Sphagnum subsecundum var. contortum. Norwood and Adel. Sphagnum acutifolium Ehr. Norwood. Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehr. Norwood and Adel. ——s >> < NOTES on YORKSHIRE PLANTS. East Yorkshire Plant Notes.—I do not know the neighbourhood of Scarborough at all well, and only send you these notes in case you think them of any value. My sister showed me on the 16th specimens of Equisetum maximum and Stellaria Holostea from near Fyling Dales, Robin Hood’s Bay. The petals of the latter plant were not cut and divided in the usual way. Otherwise the specimen was normal.—E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE- PEACOCK, 19th May 1902. Acer campestre in North Yorkshire in 1702.—Bishop Nicolson in his diary, 23rd May 1702 (see Trans. Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Archeol. Soc., New Series, Vol. 2, 1902, p. 156), writes that he saw ‘ Acer mznus abundantly in the hedges.’ Apparently the locality was somewhere about what he calls ‘ Thornton Bridge,’ for in the next paragraph he goes on to say ‘That night to York.’ Mr. J. G. Baker, in the second edition of his ‘North Yorkshire* (Trans. Yorks. Nat. Union, Pt. 15, p. 276), has ‘Area general . . . Frequent in woods and hedges,” ete:—S*) LE.) Retry, Ulverston, 20th May 1902. Ivy Berries and Blackbirds.—Miss M. Fowler writing from Liphook, Hampshire, says :—‘ Look at the enclosed seeds. I am much interested in them. This is their history. The Blackbirds especially, but also the Thrushes, are just now eating great quantities of Ivy (Hedera Helix) berries. They swallow the berry whole and then later on threw up the seeds, nicely cleaned from the pulp. The garden is covered with the enclosed seeds. Here, however, is the strange part of the observation. The natural colour of the seed skin is white, with a shade of cream, turning slightly more yellow in drying—w hereas nearly all the thrown-up seeds have the skin of this pretty red.’ I should call them rose- pink unless they have taded. ‘I suppose the digestive juices of the birds act on the skin of the seed and produce this change of colour. No book I have goes further than saying that the birds eat the ivy berries during the late winter,’ I should very much like to know whether anyone has observed this change of colour in ‘The Naturalist's’ district of England.—E. ADRIAN WOODRUFFE-PEACOCK, Cadney, Brigg, 19th May 1902. Naturalist, BULBIFEROUS FORMS OF WEBERA ANNOTINA. T. BARKER, Whaley Bridge. Prof. CoRRENS (Untersuchungen tiber die Vermehrung der Laubmoose etc.), after studying these forms and the develop- ment of the bulbils, has established out of them four species, V1Z. :— (1) Webera erecta (Roth) Correns. (2) Webera proligera Lindb. (3) Webera annotina Hedw. Emend. (4) Webera bulbtfera (Warnst.) Correns. The variety of form of the bulbils is noticed, so far as I have observed, in the ‘Student’s Handbook’ only—‘in the axils of the leaves, small reddish, leafy bulbils, or crowded green foli- aceous, 2-3 pointed gemmez.’ The descriptions elsewhere appear to refer to (1) only. ‘These forms all occur in this part of Derbyshire (near Whaley Bridge), and except perhaps (4) are fairly common, indeed (2) is abundant; I cannot, however, find any information as to their occurrence and distribution in this country; and the object of this brief note will have been attained if it serves to direct the attention of bryologists to these forms, and to the very interesting work of Prof. Correns. A few short notes may facilitate the recognition of these forms, and may serve as a ‘key’ to them, but for full details the work just referred to must be consulted. (1). Webera erecta. Bulbils roundish ovate with slightly tapering ends, green when young, brown when ripe, occurring singly in a few leaf axils about the mzdd/e of the stem, the foliaceous points being rather widely triangular. The containing leaves diverge more widely than the others which are erect. - The plant occurs in rather compact yellowish green, somewhat glossy, little patches, in gritty rainwater channels on old roads. (2). Webera proligera. Bulbils Jong, narrow, slightly widening from base to apex, green, with longer, narrower foli- aceous points, very numerous along the upper half of the stem up to the apex, giving to the stem a sort of bottle-brush appearance under the lens. Plant in habit and leaf similar to (1); in similar 1902 July 1. 236 Stow. Diatoms taken at Clee, Lincolnshire. situations, and also abundantly on moist decaying gritstone rocks. There is also a slender laxly tufted form on damp sides of brooks, very similar to (3) in habit. (3). Webera annotina. Bulbils shorter and much ¢hicker than in (2), resembling in shape those of (1), but smaller, green, several, up to about 6, to each leaf along the greater part of the stem. Plant slenderer, paler green am colour, in lax pateles ; leaves smaller, more distant, and more spreading in comparison with (1) and (2). It grows in moist situations on the sloping sides of old roads and ditches. (4). Webera bulbifera. In habit and situation, and in the position and number of the bulbils resembling (3); the bulbils themselves, however, being guzte different. In shape they are like a roundish egg attached by the narrower end, the upper half being an empty hollow space, which is arched over by valves (foliaceous points), with their edges in close contact. If the bulbils be dried and then moistened again, the contained air is not at once expelled, and the shape of the cavity is easily seen. . The bulbils are to be found during summer and autumn, and perhaps at other seasons. Although they vary somewhat, their distinctive characters seem well maintained. In all these forms the leaves seem to be longly and narrowly decurrent, and in (1) and usually in (2) they are larger and more erect, and have more of the margin recurved than in (3) and (4). I do not know how these forms are related to the varr. angustifolia and fenutfolia of the ‘Student’s Handbook,’ as I have no authentic specimens for comparison. SS NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE ALGA.. Diatoms taken at Clee, Lincolnshire.—Mr. A. Smith, of Grimsby, sent me the following list of diatoms taken by him at Clee (Div. 4) 23rd March 1902 :— Meridion circulare. Pleurosignia acuminatunt. Synedra ulna. Pleurosigma attenuatum. Synedra ulna var. vitrea. Mastogloia Smithit. Synedra acus. Rhabdonema arcuatum. Nitzschia linearis var. tentts. Nitzschia sigmoidea. Nitzchia paradoxa. Rhoicosphenia curvula. Surirella ovalis var. angusta. Navicula didyma. Amphora angusta. Cymatopleura solea. Navicula cryptocephala var. exilts. Diatoma elongatum. Fragilaria hyalina. Navicula viridis. Pleurosigma Spencerit. —S. C. Stow, Court Leys, Brandon, Grantham, 3oth April 1902. Naturalist, iS) THE BIRDS OF RYDAL. Miss MARY L. ARMITT, Rydal, Westmorland. TuHeE parish of Rydal contains 3,020 acres. Its mountainous character is evident from the one fact alone, that within this small area lie the summit of a mountain nearly 3,000 feet high and a lake only 180 feet above sea-level. It is drained by the river Rothay, flowing through its main valley, and by the Rydal Beck, a considerable stream rising within its boundaries, which joins the Rothay below Smithy Bridge. Its boundaries follow in general the sky-line of the heights which hem in its lake and its streams. A line ruled along the rugged and much deflected summits of Loughrigg, rising to a general altitude of 1,000 feet, represents its boundary to the south. Where the mass of Loughrigg falls to the dip of Red Bank (which alone separates it from the neighbour-height of Silver How), the boundary cuts down in an arbitrary and almost straight line to the shore of Grasmere Lake ; it follows the shore downwards—passing the exit of the river Rothay from the lake-foot-—-and completely round the lower end of the lake, till it reaches the grounds of the Prince of Wales Hotel. Thence it turns, after crossing the high-road, along a wall within the grounds of How Foot that borders the drive, and so reaches the older, higher road between Rydal and Grasmere. This it follows upward, mounting with a still higher and older road till the summit is reached at White Moss Tarn, believed by some to be the scene of Wordsworth’s Leech-gatherer, and now a tame, domestic duck-pond.* Thence, leaving all tracks, it strikes up the rough fell-side to Dunny Beck, a small stream draining the back of Nab Scar. With the beck it rises and curves round the Scar, till, leaving the source behind, it reaches the bold height of Lord Crag, 1,500 feet high. Thence it follows the summits of those heights that form so remarkable an amphitheatre round the upland valley of Rydal Head (or Fairfield basin), touching as it runs northward Heron Crag (2,000 feet), Great Rigg (2,500 feet), and stopping a little short of the actual summit of Fairfield (2,862 feet). At this point it meets the boundary of Barton parish, and turning with it follows the sky-line still, but now southward and downward (though with little drop at first) to * A reedy pool lower down also claims this honour, and more fitly. 1902 July 1. 238 Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. Hart Crag (2,508 feet), and still on, after the Barton boundary strikes away to skirt Scandale, along the gradually lessening heights to High Pike (2,155 feet), to Low Pike (1,656 feet), until, with the shoulder of the fell, it drops abruptly to the main valley of the Rothay. Before reaching the floor of the valley it joins.company with Scandale Beck; with this it crosses the highway at Scandale Bridge, and the flat meadows of the bottom, till it reaches the Rothay itself. The boundary should now keep with the river, but in actual fact does not. A wide deflecting curve is made by it about the meadows. towards the new church of Ambleside and Cross Syke. And this curve represents the old course of the river, for which a shorter and artificial channel was cut some time back; so that it may be said that the river has left the boundary, rather than the boundary the river. It regains the river just past the grounds of Miller Bridge, follows it to the house called Gilbert Scar Foot, and thence strikes straight up Gilbert Scar, to reach the heights of Loughrigg: and so completes its circuit in some fourteen miles. The area thus circumscribed falls into three natural divisions: (1) A mountain basin: which holds Rydal-water, the smallest mere of the country, scarcely over a mile long and a quarter broad. It was described by Hawthorne as a flood in a field, and yet it possesses in miniature every property of a true glacial lake, in sloping rocky shores, wooded islands, and rocky islets. And small as it is, the mountain basin that holds it is no larger. The water brims to the slopes, and Loughrigg and Nab Scar rise at either hand without a perch of flat meadow between ; while the scant pasture and meadow land of this division has altogether an Alpine character, on steep, thin-soiled inclines. The Rothay, flowing into the lake from Grasmere, rounds the projecting arm of Whitemoss by a rough little pass at full speed; then, slackening speed as it enters the lake, forms a very small marsh at the head. On leaving the lake it again finds but a narrow passage, and rounds the outstanding spur of Loughrigg in rapids, leaving the mere shut in completely. (2) The second natural division embraces the rise and course of the Rydal Beck up to its union with the Rothay. The stream is enclosed by the amphitheatre of heights enumerated above, and—their wild and desolate slopes rising sheer above it—forms as typical an Alpine valley as Lakeland possesses. Springs supply its source, and intermittent rills that flow down the northern face of Fairfield, often crowned with snow; it starts Naturalist, Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. 239 fairly at a level of 1,500 feet, and pursues a tolerably level course on a valley bottom that drops imperceptibly till it reaches a point almost parallel with Lord Crag on one hand and Low Pike on the other. Here it meets with a wall of rock that lies right across its path—a massive, pyramidical wall, not high, but even and smooth and regular as a breakwater made of concrete. No better instance of the action of ice in a former age can be offered than this wall of rock, ground and polished to an even height by the glacier that no doubt once filled the valley and poured its volume downward and over the obstacle With itresistible force. Now the little stream turns sharp against the wall and runs behind it, till it finds the crack itself has worn at flood-times or when perhaps at a higher level than now. And by this it flings itself over the wall in a long fall, to settle at the base in a deep pool known to natives by the strange name of Buckstones Jam. Once beyond this natural lock, that has kept its level high, the beck knows no quietude, but leaps down the sloping screen that shuts off Rydal Head from the Rothay valley in a series of waterfalls that are among the shows of the county. (3) When Rydal Beck has entered the Rothay, the last naturaldivision of our parish is reached. This division consists of a flat and fertile valley bottom, enclosed on three sides by moderate heights. Cut off completely from Rydal Water, it seems to form a basin, filled in with alluvial matter, to itself. But it is in fact only the head of the Windermere basin; and the great lake, shut off by rocky knolls, is at present only half a mile beyond our boundary limit, while once, no doubt, it reached further up the flat. This valley bottom, formerly a marsh, has been carefully drained by the farmer, and its water- channels walled and guarded; and it forms the only deep arable land of the parish. Its smooth, green surface is diversified by hummocks of rock that stud it like islands; and once maybe they were islands in the wide stream of ice that has ground their up-valley sides into pyramidal and smooth contours, and left their down-valley sides sharp and broken. All of them are crowned with trees, remnants of a forest that was older than the age of man’s settlement and his careful tillage of the soil. [In compiling the following list, I have received the generous aid of all who had information at their disposal; but it un- ‘doubtedly suffers from the fact that it is based on a short experience only. Mr. Wykeham-Martin, who has kindly sent me notes, left the parish, after a seven years’ residence, in 1896, /1902: July 1. 240 Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. when I came to it.. Mr. H. E. Rawson, of Windermere, who has also kindly helped, is a recognised authority for the whole of the district.] The dates refer to the first and last appearances of migratory birds, and stand not for the parish alone, but for the district. Rook. Trypanocorax frugilegus (L.). Permanent resident. Rookery at the Hall; and a few nests are annually built on Old Hall Hill, where the former seat of the lord of the manor stood. Raven. Corvus corax L. Seen frequently; and nested undoubtedly in Igor. Carrion Crow. Corone corone (L.). Permanent resident. Breeds in the deepest woods or wild tracts where trees grow. I have seen several of these birds follow a Buzzard, hampering it; probably because the Buzzard occasionally takes its nest. One new-made nest of the Crows’ I subsequently found occupied by Buzzards. Jackdaw. Coloeus monedula (L.). Permanent resident. Frequent; breeding in old trees and in crags, as well as in chimneys. Jay. Garrulus glandarius (L.). Permanent resident. By no means rare, though kept down. Magpie. Pica pica (L.). Permanent resident. Not abun- dant, and oftenest seen by White Moss. Common Starling. Sturnus vulgaris L. IAIN 1D, feo DON. Wie - THE NATURALIST. SUBSCRIPTIONS to this journal are for the Whole Calendar Year. DISCONTINUANCE Notices do not take effect till the End of the Year during which they are received. COPYRIGHTS, etc.—Articles and notes sent for publication in ‘The Naturalist’ are accepted on the understanding that such publication is not anticipated elsewhere. Should the Author of any short note wish its simultaneous appearance in another journal mention should always be made of such wish. The Copyright of all the contents of ‘The Naturalist’ is reserved to the proprietors. This will not prevent reproduction of any article on leave being expressly obtained from the Editor. and full acknowledg¢- ments given. NOMENCLATURE RULES.—The Nomenciature adopted in ‘ The Naturalist’ will ‘be —as far as possible—in accordance with the latest standard list or monograph, with such alterations as are necessary to bring the name into accordance with the strict law of priority. CAPITALISATION OF SPECIFIC NAMES.—Hitherto the rule of ‘The Naturalist’ has been the Zoological one, that specific names shali invariably commence with a small letter, never with capitals. Henceforth this rule will still apply to ali Zoological names, but in deference to the wishes of our botanical contributors the specific names of plants will conform in this respect to the standard catalogue or monograph in each branch of botany. BOOKS RECEIVED. . Tufts College Studies, No. 7, May 1902; 4to., paper cover. | Tufts College, Mass., U.S.A. Manchester Microscopical Soc.—Trans. and Ann. Report, for 1901. [The Society. North Staffordshire Nat. F.Club.—Ann. Rep. & Trans., Vol. 36, 1901-2. [Society. Yn Lioar Manninagh, Vol. 3, Part 12, received 17th jane 1902. [Isle of Man N.H.S. Philadelphia Acad. of Nat. Sci.—-Proceedings, 1901, Part 3, Sept--Dec. [Academy. Ornithologisches Jahrbuch.—Jahrg. 13, Heft 3-4, Mai-Aug. 1902. [Zu Schmidhoften. Geologists’ Association.—Proc., Vol. 17, Part 6, for Feb. 1902. [The Association. Australian Museum.—Records, Vol. 4, No.6, dated 31st May 1902. [The Trustees. Kansas University Bulletin, Vol. 1, Nos. 1-4, Feb. 1902. [The University. Journal of Malacology, Vol. 9, No. 2, 30th June rgoz. [W. E. Collinge, Editor. Annals of Scottish Nat. Hist., No. 43, for July 1go2. [The Editors, Edinburgh. Journal of Sere Vol. 10, No. i for July 1902. [The Conchological Society. Le Mois Scientifique, 4° Année, No. 6, Juin 1902. [ J.B. Bailliere & Fils, Paris. Lincoinshire Notes pe Queries, Vol. 7, No. 55, for July 1902. [The Editors. Entomological Society of London.—Transactions, 1902, Part 2, 17th June 1902. [Soc. Hull Museum Publications, No. 8.—Hull Coins and Tokens, by W. Sykes, 8vo., May 1902. [Author. New Phytologist, edited by A. G. Tansley, No. 6, 25th June 1902. [ Editor. Northamptenshire Nat. Hist. Society.—Journal, Vol. 11, No. 86, June igor. [Soc. Scientia, No. 14.—A. Imbert, Mode de Fonctionnement économique del’Organisme, June 1902, 8vo. boards. [C. Naud, Editeur. Southport Soc. of Nat. Science.—Sixth Report, for 1g00-1901. [The Society. Boston Society of Nat. History.—Proceedings, Vol. 29, No. 17, June 1gor. [Society. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc.—Mem. and Proc., Vol. 46, Pt. 6, 24th June 1902. [Sec. Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Nos. 381-2, Juill.-Aofit 1902. [Mons. Adrien Dollfuss. Geological Magazine, N.S., Dec. 4, Vol. 9, No. 456, for June 1902. Hobbies, Vol. 13, Nos. 348- 353; 14th June to 19th July 1902. [The Publishers. Entomologists’ Record, Vol. 14, No. 7, 1st July 1902. [J. W. Tutt, Editor. The Zoologist, 4th Series, Vol. 5, No. 733, 15th July 1902. [West, Newman &Co., Publ. Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. 11, No. 121, July 1902. [Charles Mosley, Publisher. The Nautilus, Vol. 16, No. 3, for July 1902. [H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors. Psyche: Journ. of Entom., No. 315, forJuly 1902. [Cambriage Ent. Club, U.S.A. The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 11, No. 7, for July 1902. . [The Editors, Dublin. Nature Notes, Vol. 13, No. 151, for July 1902. [Selborne Society, London. C. G. Lloyd. —My cological Notes, Nos. 6-8, May, Sept., Nov., 1901. [Lloy d Library. Selborne Society. —Seventh Annual Report, 1901-1902, 8vo. [The Society. Bibliothek Hermann, Fol. 1.—Evertebrata, 1902. [Max Weg, Buchhandler. Edmund Selous. —The Old Zoo and the New, 8vo. reprint, rgor. [Humanitarian League. D. Wilson-Barker.—Clouds and Weather Signs, Svo. reprint, 1oth June 1902. [Knowledge Office/ LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt.- SECOND “SERIES now ready, post free, Is. 2d.; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, Ambleside. Distt © SE Ts . Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. 241 Hawfinch. Coccothraustes coccothraustes (L.). Accord- ing to the account given by the intelligent woodman of the estate, he appears to have found nestlings of this species, six or seven years ago, in the upper Hall gardens. He carried them to a cage in his cottage, and a parent followed them this considerable distance, remaining in a tree over against the verandah in which the cage was hung, for the few days they lived. In 1901 the fresh occupant of the same cottage saw a pair of Hawfinches constantly about, so in all probability they nested there. Chaffinch. Fringilla coelebs L. Permanent resident. Abundant at all times. The occasional winter flocks seen— feeding, for instance (as I discovered them to do), on the minute grubs of the Spangle-gall ina season when these are abundant— may be immigrants from other parts. Brambling. Fringilla montifringilla . Winter visitant. Comes in flocks, sometimes of a great size, when snow is on the ground, and the Beech harvest has been full. Goldfinch. Carduelis carduelis (L.). It is reported not only as having nested in the neighbourhood formerly, but to have, within the memory of middle-aged men, resorted in autumn flocks to the lower pastures of Loughrigg. I have never seen it. Lesser Redpoll. Cannabina rufescens (Vieill.). Permanent resident, in the sense that it nests in the district, though possibly not every year in this parish. It is oftenest seen in winter, either singly, keeping up with a party of Bullfinches, or in a small flock, feeding on the Alder or Birch trees. I once met quite an army, passing through the Fir-woods of the high ground between the Esthwaite and Langdale valleys. House Sparrow. Passer domesticus (L.). Permanent resident, and abundant. Crossbill. Loxia curvirostra L. Occasional visitant, doubtless. A flock of them remained in the fir woods of the heights round the Esthwaite valley all through the late summer and autumn of 1894. I first saw them on roth July, 15 to 16 in number, and constantly afterwards ; and was told they remained through the winter after I left. Bullfinch. Pyrrhula europza Vieill. Permanent resident. Most frequently seen in winter in small flocks when feeding upon ‘the birch-seeds of the wood. But a brood or two are hatched every Summer in some secluded part of the parish. A family of young birds is generally led to this garden in early July, where 1902 August 1. Q 242 Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. they are fed on various kinds of seeds—those of the Welsh Poppy, eaten green, the Melancholy Thistle, and the small Vola cornuta. This bird in winter will take the driest of hard seeds, notably those of the late Blackberry flowers, that never swell to fruit ; as well as Knapweed, Dock, and, I think, the dry seed of the Heather plant. Reed Bunting. Emberiza scheniclus L. Summer visitant. Nests on the marsh at the head of the lake. Appears from the middle to end of March. 12th March 1888. Yellow Bunting. Emberiza citrinella L. Summer visitant to this parish, where it nests in a few spots on wild land. I have never seen it here in winter, though small parties linger round the farmsteads of the upper Esthwaite valley regularly at that season. Sky Lark. Alauda arvensis L. Summer visitant. This bird is practically absent from Lakeland, where, according to an old inhabitant, it once existed in fair numbers—a change ascribed to the lapse of old corn-lands into pasture and meadow. But it is a remarkable fact that a few pairs return each summer to nest on the summit of our mountain range. It is to be heard singing, | am told, on almost the topmost height of Fairfield ; and the farmer, whose sheep range over the slopes, has found its nest towards the top of the spur called Heron Crag—marked in the Ordnance Mapas Earring Crag. Its choice of this exposed position, rather than the floor of the Fairfield basin, where Meadow-Pipits have their home, is hard to understand. Pied Wagtail. Motacilla lugubris Temm. Summer visi- tant. Numerous. Nests in walls and sides of barns; and is par- ticularly fond of a ruined building. Appears in March (generally in the second or third week), and is then seen in companies upon a fresh-ploughed field or lake margin, which shortly break up into nesting pairs, but gather together again in autumn. At this time I have frequently observed it rest upon telegraph wires on which House Martins were congregating, and fly round imitatively after these birds or follow them over the lake. It sports also very prettily over the lake margins, and roosts in the reeds. Generally it withdraws in early October, but odd birds are often seen in winter. A solitary bird lived in Amble- side through the mild winter of 1895-6. Grey Wagtail. Motacilla melanope Pall. Summer visitant. Appears on the Rothay early in March. Nests on the shores of the lake and on the streams. Withdraws in August and September, but odd birds are sometimes seen in November. Naturalist, Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. 243 Yellow Wagtail. Motacilla campestris Gray. Summer visitant. I found the bird on 6th May 1808, on the spot where I had always looked for it—the bit of flat about the river and Dunny Beck, where they flow into the lake. The site, however, is closely hemmed in and commanded by the noisy highway, and it did not stay. It is there again this year, I am glad to say. Mr. Macpherson, in the ‘Fauna of Lake- land,’ conveys the impression that this bird is rare with us. It may be well, therefore, to note its stations hereabouts. All are of the same character: a flat alluvial meadow, situated at the junction of an affluent of some size with a lake. By the Troutbeck and by Burdhouse mouth, on Windermere; by the Rothay, on Grasmere; by Black Beck, on Esthwaite: The two stations I am best acquainted with are occupied year after year, and where the space is considerable by several pairs. Tree Pipit. Anthus trivialis (L.). Summer visitant. Abundant wherever there are trees, even in the scanty fringe of those along the Rydal Beck, in the basin under Fairfield, 600 feet high; and so crowded is it on the limit of its range that while one bird may be seen in possession of the very last singing post (an old dwarf Ash) another beyond starts and concludes its aérial course of song from a wall-top or bank. It is also in the Junipers of Loughrigg. First singers heard from the 16th to 25th April. A beautiful though variable singer. Seems to sing best and most on the wing, in cold, wet seasons, while in heat and drought it keeps more to the boughs and sings in shorter strains. Nests generally in dry grass slopes, close to trees or wood. Possibly a second nester sometimes. Last seen 20th August. - Meadow Pipit. Anthus pratensis (L.). Summer visitant. This bird leaves us as regularly as the preceding species, though its method of autumnal roaming and its very occasional re- appearance in a mild winter evidence a more partial migration. It comes, like the Pied Wagtail, in March, and often as a small band, but does not settle to its higher breeding-ground till quite a month later. It appears to have two characters of nesting habitat : one in the valley, upon a marsh or watery meadow ; the other upon the high, bleak, and grassy slope of the mountains, where, however, a stream flows near. In the latter station it sings more freely than in the former. There is a colony of these birds in Rydal Head ; and their range, bare and treeless, touches, almost overlaps, that of the Tree Pipits’, which ascends to the highest bush of the vale ; so that the two 1902 August 1. 244 Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. species may be heard singing together. The Tree Pipit far out- numbers it on lower ground. In autumn it collects (like the Pied Wagtail) in lively parties, and lives upon the heather uplands, where, I believe, from its actions, it eats the minute green seeds of the plant. It disappears from the heights at the end of September or early in October. Tree Creeper. Certhia familiaris L. Permanent resident. Present in all the woods. Will undertake a second brood as soon as the young of the first are self-supporting. Has nested quite a number of times in a rustic garden summer-house. Great Tit. Parus major .. Permanent resident. Numerous. Nests generally in sides of barns or in high walls; sometimes in holes of trees. Eats Beech-mast (beginning quite early), as does also the Coal, but not, in my experience, the Marsh Titmouse. It breaks open the Hazel-nut in winter by blows that resound through the coppice. It eats the hard, green Yew-berry, reject- ing the aril; also Sunflower seed, Knapweed, and Elderberry. It breaks the marble gall, I believe, for the grub inside. Blue Tit. Parus czruleus .. Permanent resident. Very numerous. Nests in walls, or—when they are to be had—in small pocket-holes of trees. Searches house-fronts for spiders’ eggs (possibly spiders too) in September, as does the Great Titmouse. It is not so great a fruit-eater as that bird, but will eat Laburnum seed and seed of Arundo Phragmites, and of Alder. I have seen the hen, in the manner of the Marsh Tit, peck at a hole of an Oak tree to enlarge it, incited by its mate. Coal Tit. Parus britannicus S.&D. Permanent resident. General, though not so abundant as Great and Blue. Nests in low walls; very occasionally in tree-holes. Eats, besides Beech- mast, Alder and the seed of Conifers, when the woody scales have opened. British Marsh Tit. Parus dresseri Stejn. Permanent resident. Nests invariably in rotten or pollard trees. The only bird I know that is partial to the Honeysuckle-berry ; and this it feeds upon—rejecting, as Titmice do in all fruits, the juicy out- side and picking at the hard seeds within—from early August right on to November, when the second crop of flowers have set their seeds in a dry, juiceless skin. It will eat the Yew- berry; and loves the Thistle seed, as well as Sweet Violet, Knapweed, and even Hogweed. In late September I have seen it apparently busy with Rhododendron seed, then in a hard, green state. It breaks up the Cherry-gall for the grub inside. Naturalist, Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. 245 British Long-tailed Tit. 4githalus vagans (Leach). Permanent resident. Not very numerous. It is fond of the Juniper as a nesting-place. Common Goldcrest. Regulus reguius (L.). Permanent resident. Though in general a solitary bird, or in winter keep- ing up with the mixed parties of small birds that go about quiet places together, I once met a little flock of the species amongst the Juniper bushes of the fell. They prattled joyously, and even attempted to sing, though only January. The song, minute as the bird, is regularly begun about the 17th February. Waxwing. Ampelis garrulus L. Occasional visitant. Seen several times in winter by Mr. Wykeham Martin. Whitethroat. Sylvia sylvia (L.). Summer visitant. Nests in waste corners of gardens and low coppice-woods. In the latter station it is not infrequently the companion of the Garden Warbler. Blackcap. Sylvia atricapilla (.).. Summer visitant. Rarer than the Garden Warbler, and hardly ever nesting in coppices as that bird does, but in shrubberies of gardens or parks. Males arrive in the latter days of April; but in general it is a late nester, nests often not being begun before early June. It is also capricious and often starts afresh. 18th April 1902 ; 14th September 1804. Garden Warbler. Sylvia simplex Lath. Summer visitant. Tolerably frequent, nesting in large gardens as well as in close coppices. Is stationed in the highest woodland (about 550 feet) on the Rydal Beck, as on the Stock Beck. Arrives (as far as can be told from the song) later than the Blackcap; varying from the 4th to 15th May. Whether the cock takes part in the building of nest, as I have seen the Blackcap do, I am not sure ; but I once found four collections of nest materials yet unworked, which I believed he had brought together; for he sang close by one, which caused me to find it, and seemed to be seeking a mate. The nest is placed lower than the Blackcap’s. Wood Warbler. Phylloscopus sibilator (Bechst.). Summer visitant. Fairly abundant where there are trees of large growth. Arrives about a fortnight later than the following species. Fore- runners appear in the last week of April, late comers first week of May. Nests generally on rocky braes below trees, though occasionally on a bank. Feeds its young on small caterpillars as well as insects. 22nd April 1893; 1st August. Willow Warbler. Phylloscopus trochilus (L.). Summer visitant. Abundant. Arrives by twos and threes in the second 1902 August 1. 246 Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. or third week of April. Great accession of numbers about the fourth week, when singing is general. Nests wherever there is foliage of small trees. 6th April 1893; 20th September 1894. Chiffchaff. Phylloscopus minor (Forst.). Somewhat rare in the Lake country. It nests, however, in several woodland patches on the lower slopes of Loughrigg. One of these, by Fox Ghyll, in Rydal parish, it resorts to year after year. On 11th September I have seen and heard this bird at a spot above the Hawkshead valley where it never nests. As a friend has heard it there also in late summer, it may travel that way when migrating. Sedge Warbler. Acrocephalus phragmitis (Bechst.). Summer visitant. Though its song is occasionally heard, in passing, at other spots, it probably nests nowhere but about the dykes of the marsh at the head of the lake. Arrives towards the end of the first week in May. Blackbird. Merula merula (L.). Permanent resident. Ring-Ouzel. Merula torquata (L.). Summer visitant. Nesting occasionally in Rydal Head, or on Fairfield. This Species is, in fact, rare in Lakeland, where ground fruits such as belong to true moor-lands are scarce. I have seen it above Yewdale, and on Skiddaw. Redwing. Turdus iliacus =. Winter visitant. Present in the old woods, singly or in considerable parties, when Holly, Thorn, and Ivy are fruited. I have known it appear (13th October) before the coveted harvest of Yew berries has been cleared by Throstles and other residents. Song Thrush. Turdus musicus LL. Resident, in the sense that odd birds may be occasionally seen in winter, even in times of severe frost. But the mass withdraws from these rocky lands (where no deep clay soils exist) in November. By early February they are back and beginning to sing. Mistle Thrush. Turdus viscivorus 1. Permanent resi- dent. Is perhaps the first ‘bird, except the Starline; sto flock when the nest-season is over, and parties of 12 to 20 may be met with in early July, scouring the wilder lands for food. In winter, however, it feeds singly on the fruit of Thorn, Ivy, and Holly. The song is certain to be heard about the 22nd of January, but often begins earlier. Fieldfare. Turdus pilaris L. Winter visitant. Erratic in its immigration, which depends—along with the length of its stay—on the quantity of food in a neighbourhood, and on the Naturalist, Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. 247 weather. In times of snow large flocks remain wherever old Thorns and Hollies are full of berries. As I have seen Field- fares in great numbers over a fell where Junipers were in fruit, I conclude they take this fruit likewise. No bird has a more skilfully-managed commissariat, for the feeding of large travelling armies, than the Fieldfare; two and three birds moving as scouts backwards and forwards. Its system of sentries and of signalling, too, while the main body settles to the feast, is a feature to admire. Odd parties may be seen till the latter end of April and even the 1st May. At that time, though not heard to sing (which happens presumably when they break flock on their northern nesting-ground), they show musical susceptibility. A concert of Starlings will draw them nearer, with many sounds of excitement. I have known them in large numbers, along with Starlings and Rooks, to mob a Sparrow Hawk ; when the volume of sound made by Starlings and Fieldfares in concert was astonishing, and quite beyond the needs of the occasion. Redbreast. Erithacus rubecula (L.). Permanent resident. As frequent by wood edges as in gardens. Is an occasional, though rare, fruit eater. Have seen it eat the Honeysuckle berry, peck at Crab-apples, and swallow a hard Yew berry. This it seemed to do in emulation of other and larger birds (Great Tit, Throstle, Blackbird, etc.), that were greedily devouring the fruit. Iam told of it swallowing a Cotoneaster berry. Redstart. Ruticilla phoenicurus (L.). Summer visitant. No species, whether migrant or resident, more numerous; yet so skilfully does it evade notice that few people are aware of its presence. It nests generally in walls, both of the dusty highroad and the lonely fell, as high as trees grow ; occasionally in a nick Oreck OF Quarry, or in a heap of mossy stones. Only once have I seen it in a cleft of pollarded tree. The nests are often, in spite of the extreme jealousy of the cock birds, not 120 yards distant. The date of first arrivals varies; 1oth or 11th April is not unusual, though early (it was seen on the 3rd in 1893 by Mr. White, and on the 6th by myself !), and 20th April is late. The general arrival and settlement takes place in the last week of the month, when the hens appear with the later males. The song varies with the season. In some years, especially cold ones, it is rarely heard; in others, when the spring is hot, and when hens seem late in coming, it is loud and prolonged. Nesting is begun as soon as the birds are paired. The early hens pretty often start their building on the goth, and in about 1902 August t. 248 Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. ten days’ time will be ready to sit. The cock, who rarely feeds the hen, sings at this time. She comes off early and late and at noon to feed, frequently calling, as if to bring him. Indeed, the penetrating ‘ //weet’ heard everywhere in the first and second weeks of May, confounded with the Chaffinch’s note, seems the invitation of the hens to their mates. (This call is sometimes heard from the first arriving males while in ambush, and from the last wary travellers, who seem to be alone. In a softer tone, and followed by a Robin-like ‘ Tit-tit-tit-tit,’ it 1s the weil-known alarm signal of the nesting time.) The nesting operations occupy about 28 days, 14 for the sitting and 14 for the feeding- stage in the nest. The parents are highly nervous, and in quiet places often call the passer’s attention by their cries of alarm. But in frequented places feeding is conducted with the utmost skill and secrecy, and it is the bird’s caution as well as its speed of flight that enables its brilliance to pass unnoticed and its broods to emerge safely upon roads, like the Rydal one, noisy with trafic. Ina nest close to the house, which was placed in a shadowy stable-side abutting the highway, I watched the procedure of food-getting. In order to reach the river-bank, where much of the ground food for the nestlings was collected, the birds kept first along the trees of the road bank, then they crossed the road to a garden hedge, which runs at right angles, and along this they sped swiftly to the river, practically unseen. Flies were collected nearer the nest and bits of gravel carried in. The blue eggs frequently number seven. The young often fly (possibly owing to the hen sitting before all her eggs are laid) in two instalments, and usually in the middle of June. The 24th is a late date; one noted 15th July 1899, for the miei omthe two last nestlings, must have been a second venture after accident to first. The young are fed for certainly ten days after flight, and though piloted to a safe distance from the nest at once, they appear to return to its neighbourhood each night to roost for some weeks longer, as the notes of the parents attest. (The Redstart is sadly put out if one halts by his usual roosting station at dusk.) From mid June to mid July the young families remain, gathering strength. Then they leave, and Redstarts are rare by the end of the month. Odd birds, possibly passing travellers, are occasionally seen or the call-note heard at the end of August. Last heard, 8th September 1894. Wheatear. Saxicola cenanthe (L.).. Summer visitant. Nests in a few places only, on high and wild ground in Rydal Head and on Loughrigg. I have known it once to appear on Naturalist, Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. 249 the open fell above Lake Windermere on 29th March (where indeed Mr. White saw it on the 12th) 1893; but in general it arrives On the first days of April. In the bleak valley of Rydal Head it is still later in settling. Whinchat. Pratincola rubetra (L.). Summer visitant. The highway traffic seems to have banished this bird from the valley under Loughrigg, where it once had nesting-ground. It is now found in the wilder nooks and principally in Rydal Head, where there are several pairs. Occasionally it may be seen on 21st or 22nd April, but 30th April or rst May are the more usual dates of its arrival. Hedge Sparrow. Tharrhaleus modularis (L.). Permanent resident. Nests most frequently in gardens, but in wild spots also. Has two, or even three, broods. Eats minute seeds, as of the Nettle plant, Welsh Poppy, Violet. Dipper. Cinclus aquaticus Bechst. Permanent resident. Nests on the Rothay and Rydal Beck. Starts its autumn song shortly after the Robin, generally in the first days of September, though occasionally in August. Continues until the nesting season is advanced. Pairs often in January and builds in late February and March. Is fond of the arch of a bridge to build in, to which it resorts year after year; or the face of a rock. A nest built on the rock-face opposite this garden was used afterwards by a Wren, that contracted its too-large entrance. I doubt if there are many second nests in these parts, where rivers and becks are apt to run low in the usually dry weather of early summer. The Dipper is on Rydal Mere almost a lake bird, at least in winter, when two or three are generally squirming in the shallows. There it invariably flies to the feeding spot, and drops through the water like a stone. Wren. Anorthura troglodytes (Macg.). Permanent resi- dent. Fairly numerous. A frequent nester, and young may fly as late as 11th September. Spotted Flycatcher. Muscicapa grisola LL. Summer visitant. Most abundant, nesting on every dwelling and out- house, and upon the broken and ancient trees of the woodlands. Arrives generally from goth to 11th May. 5th May 1893, 15th May 1899: 23rd September. Pied Flycatcher. Ficedula atricapilla (V.). © Summer visitant. Fairly abundant in Rydal, where the ancient trees of the estate afford it nest room. Numbers vary, as well as the nesting-ground, owing in some degree at least to other birds 1902 August 1. 250 Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. following it in its nest-hole and using it in the next season. The Blue Titmouse will do this, and I believe the Great; but the Starling is the worst enemy. A patch of woodland that was literally crowded by a colony of these gentle little birds in 1895, was in April 1899, at the time of its arrival, fully possessed by Starlings, who completely occupied all the old trees. The spread of the Starling is certainly mischievous to the smaller woodland birds and likely to diminish their numbers. Single old cock birds begin to arrive from the 18th April, taking up at once their old stations, entering the old nest-hole, and singing for their mates. When the hen arrives (from three to six days later) singing abates and the two proceed to nest at once very quietly in the same hole. Later cocks arrive on the last days of the month, and through the first and even second week of May. Being probably young birds there is much more com- motion while they try to procure both a mate and nest-hole ; and their excitement on gaining the two is extraordinary. They fail, often, however, of one or the other, and many of the later comers appear never to establish themselves. The nest processes occupy, from the sitting of the hen to the flight of the young, 27 to 30 days; the latter period being most usual. The eggs are often seven in number, like the Redstarts. The young are fed by the parents at least eight days after flight. They then retire into the deepest seclusion and silence, and are difficult to trace. Last sight I have had of them was on 18th July ; last sound, 29th July. I have twice seen pairs toy and court while they were yet feeding their nestlings, but have never known a second nest. The food of this species is much of it taken from the ground, like the Redstart. It consists of small beetles, such as the Bracken Clock (Phyllopertha horticola); and Lagria hirta; Wolf Spiders, or Lycose; as well as flies, more particularly the large-winged, slow-flying ones that come from water. An abundant greenish river-fly often taken I am unable to name. The Pied Flycatcher has the pretty habit of hanging to its nest-hole, warbling, with fanned tail. Upon excitement it lowers and raises its tail slowly; also upon excitement and fear flickers its wings high. House Martin. Chelidon urbica (L.). Summer visitant. Not abundant. Nests on the hall and upon a few cottages. Sand Martin. Clivicola riparia (L.). Summer visitant. Small bands in spring seem to be explorers for new nest- quarters, which are not to be had in the parish, and are rare all over Lakeland. Holes are sometimes bored in the low Naturalist, Armitt: The Birds of Rydal. Zan alluvial bank of the river, where it flows into Windermere, but I am not sure that broods are brought off there. Another station is by Wray, in a thin patch of gravel (the Samme/ of the district) above a small quarry. Chimney Swallow. Hirundo rustica | L. Summer visitant. Present, but not abundant, as farmsteads and rafters open to the air suitable for its nest-station are few. Great Spotted Woodpecker. Dendrocopus major (L.). Bred regularly in the Park a few years back. Mr. H. E. Rawson has taken voung from the nest there. Mr. Wykeham-Martin says, however, he never knew more than one nest in the season. The present keeper has seen the bird but once, and in winter when a pair were at work on an old tree. He shot one. I have been unable to find it myself, nor has the squire seen it for eight or more years. Common Cuckoo. Cuculus canorus L. Summer visitant. Fairly numerous. Common Swift. Cvpselus apus (L.). Summer visitant. Has no nesting accommodation in the parish; but comes regularly from Ambleside to hawk over the river. Pushes its excursions into Rydal Head, and probably to the tops of the range. Common Nightjar. Caprimulgus europzus L. Summer visitant. Nests on the fell slopes by a wood edge in several spots ; probably drawn by Z7ypheus vulgaris, which burrows in great numbers, as well as the Dor beetle. Common Kingfisher. Alcedo ispida L. Occasional visitant. Becoming possibly more frequent. - ———____ NOTES on YORKSHIRE PALA:ONTOLOGY. Large Mammoth’s Tooth at Aldborough.—On a joint excursion of the Hull Geological Society and Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club to Aldborough, on the 5th July, a very fine tooth of a Mammoth (4lephas primigenius) was obtained. The specimen is in an excellent state of preservation, and apparently belonged to a fairly young animal. In propor- tion the grinding surface of the tooth is only small, being five inches across, whereas the greatest length of the tooth is twelve inches. Its weight is only a trifle short of fourteen pounds. It has been placed in the Hull Museum.—T. SHEPPARD, Municipal Museum, Hull, 7th July 1902. Pleistocene Fishes in South-East Yorkshire.—In the Geological Magazine for February 1901, Mr. E. T. Newton, F.R.S., gives a list of all the records of remains of British Pleistocene fishes known up to that time. This includes a Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) from the posi-Glacial lacustrine deposits at Hornsea and Withernsea, and the Cod-fish (Gadus morhua L.) from the pre-Glacial buried cliff at Sewerby. The former records are taken from Clement Reid’s ‘Geology of Holderness’ (Geol. Surv. Memoir, 1885), and the latter from G. W. Lamplugh’s * Drifts of Flamborough Headland’ (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc,, Vol. 47, 1891). To these records I am able to add remains of the Pike (sox luczus L.), from the post-Glacial peat beds at Atwick, Hornsea, and Out Newton. The latter station is between Withernsea and Spurn.—T. SHEPPARD, Municipal Museum, Hull, 5th July rgo2. Naturalist, 239 NOTES on COLEOPTERA. Habrocerus capillaricornis near Carlisle.—On 2nd March last, while working flood refuse for Coleoptera on the Eden at Wetheral, I took eight specimens of this beetle. They were all taken from one heap of refuse. According to Fowler’s ‘British Coleoptera’ this species has not been recorded from further north than Scarborough.—JAs. MuRRAy, 11, Close Street, Carlisle, 9th June 1go2. Agabus congener, etc., in Upper Teesdale.—During an early visit to Upper Teesdale, on the 25th April, I took a specimen of Agabus congener Payk. in a mossy pool on the slope of Mickle Fell. An old and somewhat doubtful Askham Bog record appears to be all that is known of this northern or subalpine species as a Yorkshire insect. In the same pool were numbers of Hydroporus gyllenhali Schiddt., a common moorland water-beetle in the northern portion of the county.— M. LAwsON THOMPSON, 35, Leven Street, Saltburn-by-the Sea, 22nd May 1902. Chiznius vestitus at Bridlington Quay.—Canon Fowler says of C. vestitus Payk. ‘not recorded from the north of England,’ but in hunting up records for the Yorkshire List I found that Archdeacon Hey had recorded in his diary taking it at Clifton, near York, in 1842, and that Mr. E. A. Waterhouse had met with it at Studley. The Wentbridge record is perhaps doubtful. However, no one seems to have taken it either on the Yorkshire coast or in the south-eastern district of the county, so that I felt much pleasure in capturing eight specimens of this conspicuous and beautiful beetle on the cliffs midway between Bridlington Quay and Sewerby. I found the insects running upon wet slopes of gravel and boulder clay. The species has a wide distribution, for the last time I saw it was near Cordova, in Spain, where, on turning over a big stone, I found it in company with a yet finer (but non-British) species, Chlenius velutinus Duftschm., and four young snakes! Insect-hunting in England is, perhaps fortunately, not often accompanied with such lively incidents. —W. C. HEy, West Ayton, Yorkshire, 9th July 1902. > +e ———__... NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. Hull Museum Publications, No. 7, contains a paper on ‘East Riding Geology, by the Curator, recently read to the Hull Geological Society, as well as a paper on ‘Old Hull Pottery.’ These publications are descrip- tive of various objects in the Museum, and are sold at one penny each. $e Captain Colbeck, of Hull, who has had much experience in the Antarctic Seas, and was on the staff of the ‘Southern Cross’ expedition, sailed early in July in charge of the ‘Morning, which will act as tender for the ‘Discovery, now in the Antarctic. Several of the crew are also Hull men. ———_¢<>-e—__—_ ‘The Alga-Flora of Yorkshire,’ by W. West and G. S. West, which has been issued to the members of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in sections, as Transactions, is now complete, and can be obtained, suitably bound, from the Honorary Secretaries of the Union at Leeds, The price is six shillings. —_e¢e——__ The Report of the British Association, Glasgow meeting, has been published, and contains several items of interest to Yorkshire naturalists, though they principally occur in Section C. In addition to abstracts of papers on Yorkshire Geology, the volume contains reports of the Com- mittees on Erratic Blocks, Geological Photographs, and Life Zones in the British Carboniferous Rocks; in all of which Yorkshire geology and geologists play an important part. 1902 August 1. 260 NOTE on YORKSHIRE FLOWERING PLANTS. Gagea lutea near Silsden.—I wish to place on record the occurrence of Gagea lutea Ker., in Lower Airedale. On 13th April of the present year a gentleman informed a Skipton friend of mine of a plant he had found ina plantation at Swartha, Silsden. From his description my friend judged that it must be none other than Gagea lutea, so he advised him to send on a few specimens for identification. On 16th May I myself had the pleasure of seeing these, and can therefore vouch for the specimens being, although only mutilated ones, certainly Gagea lutea Ker. ; so that the record is one of very great interest for the lower part of Airedale, seeing that Mr. F. A. Lees in his ‘Flora of West Yorkshire’ does not give a single note of the plant for that part of the Aire valley ; and considering that the plant has during the last ten years been recorded in no less than three localities for Wharfedale, it is very singular that it should not have been recorded for Airedale before now.—LISTER ROTHERAY, Market Square, Long Preston, R.S.O., 9th June tgo02. ae, Oe NOTE on YORKSHIRE MOSSES. Additional Records of Harpidioid Hypna in Yorkshire.—The following are additions to my list of Harpidioid Hypna of Yorkshire and Durham published in ‘ The Naturalist,’ March 1902 :— 1. Hypnum aduncum Hedw., Group typicum Ren., forma falcata Ren., Naburn (61); Group pseudofluitans Sanio, var. paternum Sanio, forma gracilis Ren. MS., Naburn (61) and submerged in pool, Askham Bog (64). 2. Hypnum fluttans L., Group amphibium Ren., forma Hollerz (Sanio) Ren., Skipwith Common (61); forma condensata Sanio, Skipwith Common (61); forma ferrestris Sanio, Skipwith Common (61); var. graczle Boul., forma laxifolia Ren., Skipwith Common (61), Group falcatum Ren., var. alpinum Sanio, Skipwith Common (61). Group exannulatum Ren., var. pinnatum Boul., Strensall Common (62) ; forma gracilescens Ren., Strensall Common (62); forma polyclada Ren. MS.., Skipwith Common (61), fine and typical. Sub-group Rote Ren., var. falcifolium Ren., Strensall (62), a small form, truly typical ; forma zxundata Ren., in pool on top of Widdy Bank, Teesdale (66). Mr. Wheldon has kindly confirmed the above.—Wmn. INGHAM, York, 30th June 1902. Te Oe NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. Dr. A. W. Rowe, F.G.S., who has done so much work on the Zones of the White Chalk of the South of England, has recently visited Yorkshire. together with Mr. C. Davies Sherborn, F.G.S. These gentlemen spent some weeks on the magnificent cliff sections around Flamborough Head- land, and the result of their work is awaited with interest. <> o Probably one of the most important contributions to the Glacial literature of our northern counties that has been made for some time is a paper by Professor P. F. Kendall, F.G.S., the President of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, recently read to the Geological Society of London. This was on ‘A System of Glacial-Lakes in the Cleveland Hills... The paper will probably appear in extenso in the next issue of the Society's journal. Mr. Edward Lamplough, of Hull, has issued a: book of ‘Hull Sonnets’ for private circulation, several of them dedicated to naturalist friends :-— ‘For often: underneath the blue We've trod the grass and plucked the scented bloom, And vowed it was a joy to simply live And revel ‘mid the greenwood and the dew, Wrapped in the gay breeze and its rich perfume.’ Naturalist, 261 LINCOLNSHIRE NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA., H: WALLIS KEW, F.Z.S., London; formerly of Louth, Lincolnshire.. FIFTEEN years have now elapsed since the publication of Mr. Roebuck’s admirable ‘ Materials towards a List of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Lincolnshire,’ which appeared in ‘The Naturalist’ for August 1887. Since that time, owing in great measure to Mr. Roebuck’s continued interest in the subject and to the enthusiasm which he has transmitted to others, important additions have been made; and within the knowledge of the present writer there are conchologists in Lincolnshire who do not possess a long series of volumes of ‘The Naturalist’ and are thus in ignorance of the exact constituents of the non- marine molluscan fauna of the county. Is view of this fact it seems useful to mark a list of British species to show at a glance those which have, and those which have not, been found within our area. This is now done, and it is hoped that its publication will stimulate Lincolnshire conchologists to a more careful search for such of the unrecorded species as may reasonably be expected to occur, e.g., Acicula lineata, Hygromia fusca, Azeca tridens, Vertigo antivertigo, etc. Asa further encouragement it may not be improper to say that Mr. Roebuck hopes to give, at a future date, a new and full account of the subject, with all necessary details of localities, and proper acknowledgments of the work done by each collector. In addition to the unequivocal land and freshwater mollusca, the present list is made to include -lss’minea, Paludestrina, and all the British Pulmonata, although some of these are in a certain sense marine, living in more or less brackish water, or leading a semi-terrestrial existence under the influence of the sea. A few species which do not belong to our fauna, but which have established themselves in our midst, are also included: but, on the other hand, certain forms—somewhat recently described or brought forward as British—about the status of which difference of opinion is understood to exist, are omitted. In this way we arrive at a total of 149 species; and of this number 110 have already been found in Lincolnshire. The vast majority of the specimens have been collected by Mr. Roebuck himself, or submitted by their finders to the referees of the Conchological Society as formerly constituted at Leeds; and in all cases where the contrary is not indicated 1902 August fig 262 Kew. Lincolnshire Non-Marine Mollusca. Mr. J. W. Taylor has been made responsible for the deter- mination of the shell-bearing species and Mr. Roebuck for the slugs. One must not omit to mention in this place the good work done by Mr. C. S. Carter, of Louth, whose name is associated with six recent additions to the county-fauna, viz. :— Vertigo angustior and Vitrea luczda, collected by himself at Somercotes and Welton Wood; Pupa secale and Pyramidula rupestris, collected by Mr. R. Worsdale and Mr. H. Preston near Grantham ; /Peszdium henslowanum, collected by the Rev. EK. A. Woodruffe Peacock and by the writer in the Ancholme district ; and Paludestrina jenkinsz, collected by Mr. Carter at Tetney and by the writer at Cleethorpes. As regards arrangement and nomenclature, the outline classification here employed resembles that of Pelseneer’s ‘Introduction a l’Etude des Mollusques’ (1894); the genera of Helicidze are those approved by Pilsbry in his ‘ Guide to the Study of Helices’ (1894); and the general arrangement of the Pulmonata Stylommatophora is that of the same author’s ‘Catalogue of the Land Shells of America North of Mexico’ (1897-8). For the rest the list is largely based on the Con- chological Society’s catalogue of 1892; but valued hints have been taken from the list appended by Kennard and Woodward to their ‘ Post-Pliocene Non-Marine Mollusca of the South of England’ (igor). In all cases where a species figures as a member of our fauna in Jeffreys’ ‘British Conchology’ (1862-9) the name used by that author is added in square brackets. The world has moved apace since the publication of this delightful work; and in common with a large number of colleagues, the present writer looks forward with confidence, and some im- patience, to the time when the completion of Mr. Taylor’s ‘Monograph of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles’ will furnish our conchologists with a modern text-book and a uniform system of nomenclature. A. GASTROPODA. I1.—PROSOBRANCHIA. a. ASPIDOBRANCHIA. NERITID&2. x 1. Neritina fluviatilis (Linn.). [Neritina fluviatilis. | 6. PECTINIBRANECHIA. PALUDESTRINID&. 2. Paludestrina confusa (Frau.). {Hydrobia similis. | Naturalist, Sie FB: 4 Sear ahs Sucgk 6 eee ay 8 Q. xe, EO II SC an 13 eA. is I) 17 Seexcitza 18 ae) Xa, 20 oir ley 22% 1902 August 1. . Paludestrina stagnalis (Bast.). . Otina otis (Turt.). . Ancylus fluviatilis Mill. Kew: Lincolnshire Non-Marine Mollusca. Paludestrina jenkinsi (Smith). . Paludestrina taylort Smith. . Paludestrina ventrosa (Mont.). [Hydrobia ventrosa. | [Hydrobia ulve. | . Bithynia tentaculata (Linn.). | Bythinia tentaculata. | . Bithynia leachii (Shepp.). [Bythinia Leachii. | VIVIPARID&. Vivipara vivipara (Linn.). Vivipara contecta (Millet). [ Paludina vivipara. | [Paludina contecta. | VALVATIDA. Valvata piscinalis (Miill.). [Valvata piscinalis. | Valvata cristata Mill. | [Valvata cristata. ASSIMINEIDZ. . Assiminea grayana Leach. |Assiminea Grayana. | CYCLOSTOMATIDZE. . Cyclostoma elegans (Miill.) [Cyclostoma elegans. | ACICULID2. Acicula lineata (Drap.). [Acme lineata. | Il.—PULMONATA. a. BASOMMATOPHORA. AURICULID&. . Carychium minimum Mill. [Carychium minimum. | . Alexia denticulata (Mont.). [Melampus myosotis var. ringens. | . Alexia denticulata v. myosotis (Drap.). [Melampus myosotis. | . Leuconia bidentata (Mont.). eS [Melampus bidentatus. OTINID. [Otina otis. LIMN EID. [Ancylus fluviatilis. Velletia lacustris (Linn.). Limnezea stagnalis (Linn.). [Ancylus lacustris. | Limnaza stagnalis. ZO NG OG IR ae (Spy (spy Ao} H O Li) Py ios) (Sis) (op) (ery (6S) ay (Ceie (op) CO OC} Ut > \O Kew-: Lincolnshtre Non-Marine Mollusca. . Limneza palustris (Mill.). [ Limnza palustris. | 24. Limnea truncatula (Mill.). -[Limnea truncatula. | . Limneza glabra (Miill.). [Limnzea glabra. | . Limneza auricularia (Linn.). [{Limnzea auricularia. | . Limneza pereger (Miill.). [| Limnza peregra. | . Limnezea involuta Harv. [ Limnza involuta. | : Amp hipeplea glutinosa (Mill.). [Limneza glutinosa.| Planorbis lineatus (Walker). |Planorbis lineatus. | Planorbis fontanus (Lightf.). [Planorbis nitidus. | Planorbis nautileus (Linn.). [Planorbis Nautileus. | Planorbis dilatatus Gould. Planorbis albus Miill. {Planorbis albus. | Planorbis glaber Jett. [| Planorbis glaber. | Planorbis spirorbis Miill. {Planorbis spirorbis. | Planorbis vortex (Uinn.). [| Planorbis vortex. | Planorbis carinatus Mill. _ [Planorbis carinatus. | Planorbis marginatus Drap. [Planorbis complanatus. | . Planorbis corneus (Linn.). [| Planorbis corneus. | . Planorbis contortus (Linn.). [Planorbis contortus. | PHYSIDE. . Aplexa hypnorum (Linn.). [Physa hypnorum. | . Physa fontinalis (Linn.). [Physa fontinalis. | . Physa acuta Drap. . Physa heterostropha Say. 6b. STYLOMMATOPHORA. HELICID. . Helix aspersa Mill. _ [Helix aspersa. | . Helix pomatia Linn. [Helix pomatia. | . Helix nemoralis Linn. [ Helix nemoralis. | . Helix hortensis Mill. [ Helix nemoralis var. hortensis. | . Helix pisana Miill. | Helix Pisana. | 51. Helicigona arbustorum (Linn.). [Helix arbustorum. | . Helicigona lapicida (Linn.). { Helix lapicida. | . Helicodonta obvoluta (Mill.). [ Helix obvoluta. | Naturalist, Kew: Lincolnshire Non-Marine Mollusca. 26 5 x 54. Hygromia rufescens (Penn.). [ Helix rufescens. | 55. Hygromia revelata (Mich.). [ Helix revelata. | x 56. Hygromia hispida (Linn.). [ Helix concinna. | x 56a. Hygromia hispida v. hispidosa (Mous.) veoh hispida. | x 57. Hygromia granulata (Ald.). | Helix sericea. | 58. Hygromia fusca (Mont.). | Helix fusca. | 59. Helicella cartusiana (Mill.). {Helix Cartusianaa. | x 60. Helicella cantiana (Mont.). [ Helix Cantiana. | 61. Helicella barbara (Linn.). |Bulimus acutus. | 62. Helicella elegans (Gmel.). x 63. Helicella caperata (Mont.). | Helix caperata. | x 64. Helicella itala (Linn.). [ Helix ericetorum. | x 65. Helicella virgata (DaC.). | Helix virgata. | x 66. Acanthinula aculeata (Miill.). | Helix aculeata. | 67. Acanthinula lamellata (Jeft.). [ Helix lamellata. | 68. Vallonia pulchella (Mill.). [Helix pulchella. | x 69. Vallonia costata (Mill.). [Helix pulchella var. costata. | BULIMINID2. 70. Buliminus montanus (Drap.). [Bulimus montanus. | x 71. Buliminus obscurus (Mill.). [Bulimus obscurus. | PUPID. x 72. Pupa secale Drap. [Pupa secale. | 73. Pupa anglica (Fer.). [Pupa ringens. | 74. Pupa cylindracea (DaC.). [Pupa umbilicata. | 75. Pupa muscorum (Linn. ). [Pupa marginata. | 76. Vertigo antivertigo (Drap.). | Vertigo antivertigo. | 77. Vertigo moulinsiana (Dup.). | Vertigo Moulinsiana. | x 478. Vertigo pygmeza (Drap.). | Vertigo pygmea. | 79. Vertigo alpestris Ald. [Vertigo alpestris. | 80. Vertigo substriata (Jeff.). [Vertigo substriata. | 81. Vertigo pusilla Mill. [Vertigo pusilla. | x 82. Vertigo angustior Jeff. | Vertigo angustior. | A. x 83. Vertigo minutissima (Hartm.). 1902 August 1. [Vertigo minutissima. | 266 te ae ae a aN TRON I SRC ON . Balea perversa (Linn.). . Clausilia rolphii Gray. . Clausilia biplicata (Mont.). [Clausilia biplicata. . Clausilia laminata (Mont.). — [Clausilia laminata. . Testacella maugei Fer. . Vitrea radiatula (Ald.). . Vitrea pura (Ald.) [Zonites purus. Vitrea crystallina (Mill.). | Zonites crystallinus. . Euconulus fulvus (Mill.). [Zonites fulvus. . Zonitoides nitidus (Mill.). . Zonitoides excavatus (Bean). [Zonites excavatus. . Limax maximus Linn. Kew. Lincolnshtre Non-Marine Mollusca. [Balia perversa. | 5- Clausilia bidentata (Strém.). [Clausilia rugosa. | . Clausilia cravenensis Taylor. [Clausilia rugosa var. dubia. [Clausilia Rolphii. | | | ACHATINID. . Opeas goodalli (Miull.). . Cecilioides acicula (Mill.). [Achatina acicula. . Cochlicopa lubrica (Mill.). [Cochlicopa lubrica. . Azeca tridens (Pult.). ee [Cochlicopa tridens. TESTACELLID. . Testacella haliotidea Drap. [Testacella Haliotidea. | . Testacella scutulum Sby. [Testacella Haliotidea var. scutulum. | [Testacella Maugei. | ZONITIDE. Vitrina pellucida (Mill.). Vitrea lucida (Drap.). Vitrea cellaria (Mill.). Vitrea glabra (Brit.Auct.). Vitrea alliaria (Mill.). Vitrea nitidula (Drap.). [ Vitrina pellucida. | [Zonites cellarius. | [Zonites alliarius. [Zonites nitidulus. [Zonites radiatulus. Ne [| Zonites nitidus. ee ee ee LIMACID2. | Limax maximus. | . Limax cinereo-niger Wolf. . Limax flavus Linn. | Limax flavus. | . Limax arborum B.-Ch. [Limax arborum. | . Agriolimax agrestis (Linn. ). [Limax agrestis. | Naturalist, euiena. So) URIS et TOF 10.76 110. LZ), eK OS: 08 Zales 122. XM ze nee 125. x 126. 27 x 128. 129. 130. i 3) Bie gia Ae as: Sam: igez August 1. T¥O. Kew. Lincolnshtre Non-Marine Mollusca. 267 Agriolimax levis (Miill.). [Limax levis. ] Amalia gagates (Drap.). [Limax gagates. | Amalia sowerbyi (Feér.). | Limax marginatus. | ARIONID. Arion ater (Linn.). [Arion ater. | Arion subfuscus (Drap.). Arion intermedius (Norm.). [Arion flavus. | Arion hortensis Févr. [Arion hortensis. | Arion circumscriptus Jolnst. Geomalacus maculosus Allm. [Geomalacus maculosus. | ENDODONTIDZ:. Pyramidula rotundata (Mill.). | Helix rotundata. | Pyramidula rupestris (Drap.). | Helix rupestris. | Punctum pygmzum (Drap.). [Helix pygmea. | Sphyradium edentulum (Drap.). [Vertigo edentula. | SUCCINEIDE. Succinea putris (Linn.). [Succinea putris. | Succinea elegans Risso. [Succinea elegans. | Succinea oblonga Drap. [Succinea oblonga. | ONCHIDIIDA. Onchidiella celtica (Cuv.). | [Oncidium Celticum. | B. PELECYPODA. I.—EULAMELLIBRANCHIA. a. SUBMYTILACEA. DREISSENSIID2. Dreissensia polymorpha (Pall.). [Dreissena polymorpha. UNIONIDZ. Unio tumidus Phil. | [Unio tumidus. | Unio pictorum (Linn.). [Unio pictorum. | Unio margaritifer (Linn.). [Unio margaritifer. | Anodonta cygnea (Linn.). [Anodonta cygnea. | Anodonta anatina (Linn.). [Anodonta anatina. | 268 Kew: Lincolnshire Non-Marine Mollusca. CYRENID. 137. Spherium corneum (Linn.). |Spharium corneum. | x 138. Spherium rivicola (Leach). [Sphzerium rivicola. | 139. Spherium pallidum Gray. [Sphzrium ovale. | x 140. Spherium lacustre (Mill.). [Sphzerium lacustre. | x 141. Pisidium amnicum (Mill.). — [Pisidium amnicum. | x 142. Pisidium fontinale (Drap.). | Pisidium fontinale. | x 143. Pisidium henslowanum (Shepp.). | Pisidium fontinale var. Henslowana. | 144. Pisidium pulchellum Jenyns. | | Pisidium fontinale var. pulchella. | 145. Pisidium cinereum Ald. | Pisidium fontinale var. cinerea. | x 146. Pisidium pusillum (Gmel.). — |Pisidium pusillum. | 147. Pisidium obtusale (Lam.). [Pisidium pusillum var. obtusalis. | x 148. Pisidium nitidum Jenyns. [ Pisidium nitidum. | x 149. Pisidium milium Held. | Pisidium roseum. | S. Specimens obligingly examined by Mr. Edgar A. Smith, of the British Museum. A. Marked on the authority of Mr. L. E. Adams, ‘The Collector's Manual of British Land and Freshwater Shells,’ ed. 2, 1896, p. 102.° F.-On the authority of Mr. JF. W. Pierke, “@he Natuyalist,” 1803, 4p.) 312s ee On the authority of the’ Rev. @. A. Woodrutte Peacock\) ihe Naturalist;, 1901, p: 355: VW. On the authonty of Mie ave Vie Webb, ‘Journal of Malacology,’ VI. (1897), p. 26. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The writer ventures to append a short Bibliography indi- cating the two principal papers on Lincolnshire Non-Marine Mollusca (those of Mr. Ball and Mr. Roebuck), and the pub- lished records of the finding of additional species from time to time. (1) BALL, THoMAs. ‘Land-Shells of Lincolnshire.’ [A list of 67 land and freshwater mollusca (with a mention of unidentified Pzszdza) taken in the northern part of the county, principally in the neighbourhood of Brigg; and including, among freshwater shells Drezssena poly- morpha (=Dreissensia polymorpha), Cyclas rivicola (=Spherium rivicola) ; among land shells Helix cantiana (= Helicella cantiana), Achatina acicula (=Cecilioides acicula); together with the semi- terrestrial Conovulus myosotis (= Alexia denticulata v. myosotis), Naturalist, Kew. Lincolnshire Non-Marine Mollusca. 209 the last doubtless from the Humber.] ‘Young England,’ III. (1864), pp- 76, 128. Reprinted in ‘The Naturalist,’ 1894, pp. 287-288. (2) RoEBUCK, W. DENISON. ‘ Materials towards a list of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Lincolnshire.’ [A detailed enumeration of 88 species—1r1i slugs, 39 land and 38 freshwater shells—known to the author to inhabit the county, with full particulars of localities, a description of the districts which the author and his co-operators had investigated—more particularly the neighbourhood of Alford and Louth, from whence came Clauszilia rolphii—and a_ brief account of the bibliography from Lister (1678) to Lightwood (1882). The list includes, besides C. rolphit, Neritina fluviatilis, Limnea glabra, Planorbis lineatus, Helix lapicida (= Heltcigona lapicida), Felix sericea (=Hygromia granulata), Amalia gagates, Pisidium roseum (=Pisidium milium), etc.; and read in conjunction with Ball (1)—allowing for changes of view as to the status of certain forms—it brings up the total to 94 species.] ‘The Naturalist,’ 1887, pp. 245-272. (3) QuiILTER, H. E. ‘Note on the Occurrence of Testacella scutulum Sow. in Leicestershire.’ [Belvoir Castle gardens: Linc. S.?] ‘Journal of Conchology,’ V. (1888), p. 320. (4) Kew, H. W. ‘Shells of the Lincolnshire Coast.’ [Hydrobia ulve (=Paludestrina stagnalis), Saltfleetby, etc.; Hydrobta ventrosa (=Paludestrina ventrosa), Somercotes.] ‘The Naturalist,’ 1889, PP: 357-365: (5) RoEBUCK, W. DENISON. [Arion minimus (=A. intermedius), ines Nel ‘Journal of Conchology,’ VI. (1890), p. 269. (6) GupE, G. K. [Pisidium obtusale, Rigsby (J. B. Davy).] ‘Journal of Conchology,’ VII. (1892), p. 46. (7) Burton, F. M. [Assiminea grayana, Cleethorpes, etc. The writer hesitates to mark this species in the present list, thinking it probable that the animal referred to is Paludestrina stagnalis. | ‘The Naturalist,’ 1893, p. 255- (8) FierKE, F. W. [Ayalinia excavata (= Zonitoides excavatus), W ood- hall Spa.] ‘The Naturalist,’ 1893, p. 312. (9) Kew, H. W. ‘Limnea glutinosa in Lincolnshire.’ [=Amphipeplea glutinosa, Saltfleetby.] ‘The Naturalist,’ 1894, p. 68. (10) Apams, L. E. ‘The Collector's Manual of British Land and Fresh- water Shells,’ ed. 2, 1896, p. 102. [Vertigo minutissima, Clee- thorpes. | (11) WEBB, W. M. ‘The British Species of TZestacedla.’ [ Zestacella scutulum, High Park Gardens, Stamford.] ‘ Journal of Malacology,’ Ween (SQ7)5. p-2 20: (12) Burton, F. M. ‘ Testacella haliotidea at Gainsborough.’ ‘The Naturalist,’ 1898, p. 320. (13) TayLor, J. W. ‘ Vertigo angustior in Lincolnshire.” [Somercotes, C. S. Carter.] ‘The Naturalist,’ 1900, p. 291. (14) PEACOCK, Rev. E. A. WoopruFFE. ‘ Zimax cinereo-niger near Brigg.’ ‘The Naturalist,’ 1901, p. 355- 1902 August 1. 270 ‘Votes on Lincolnshtre Mollusca. (75) CARTERS CC. SS: ‘Pyramidula rupestris near Grantham.’ “The Naturalist,’ 1902, p. 270. (16) CARTER, C. S. ‘ Pupa secale in South Lincolnshire.’ ‘The Naturalist,’ 1902, p. 270. 7) AAR RAG St near Brigg and Kew, H. W. [Two notes on Pistdium henslowanum “| “The! Naturalist,;“1602; p> 2 (18) CARTER, C. S. 6 Hyalinia lucida near. Alford, North Lincolnshire.’ [= Vitrea lucida.| ‘The Naturalist,’ 1902, p. 270. (19) Kew, H. W. ‘ Paludestrina jenkinsi in Lincolnshire.’ ‘The Naturalist.’ 1902, p. 270. > NOTES on LINCOLNSHIRE MOLLUSCA. Pyramidula rupestris near Grantham.—Among a collection of shells gathered at Great Ponton, near Grantham, Div. 15, and sent to me on 28th June by Mr. R. Worsdale, I found about twenty specimens of Pyramidula rupestris. Their identification has been verified by Mr. J. W. Taylor.— C. S. CarTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 4th July 1902. Hyalinia lucida near Alford, North Lincolnshire.—On 14th July 1900, when the Louth Antiquarian and Naturalists’ Society had an excursion to Welton Wood, Div. 11, a few miles from Alford, I searched for mollusca. Only a few specimens were found, and these I put away in a box. During a recent visit to Louth, Mr. H. Wallis Kew, F.Z.S., examined my collection, among them the Welton Wood specimens, one of which he suggested was possibly flyalinia lucida, its torm and texture correspond- ing with that species, but it was small in size. I have since submitted it to Mr. J. W. Taylor, who has identified it as Hyalinia lucida. It was found under a large piece of timber in a disused chalk-pit along with H. helvetica, . H. crystallina, Helix arbustorum var. alpestris, H. hispida, Clausilia biden- tata, and C. laminata.—C. S. CARTER. 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 4th July 1902. Paludestrina jenkinsi in Lincolnshire.—Specimens of this now notorious mollusc—Paludestrina jenkinst (Smith)—were found by Mr. C. S. Carter and the writer on 17th April last in small ditches communicating with the North Fitties Drain on the landward side of the bank at Tetney, and just within the district of the estuary of the Humber. On the following day, moreover, a very numerous community of this species was found living in a dirty pool by the Grimsby Road at Cleethorpes, in company with small examples of Limnea pereger. The Tetney shells were chiefly of the ecarinate form; but the vast majority of those from Cleethorpes were distinctly keeled and often beautifully tufted. Mr. Edgar A. Smith, of the British Museum, has kindly confirmed the identity of this animal, which is new to the county of Lincoln, but not to the Humber, being already known on the Yorkshire side, near Hull.—H. WALLIS KEw, London, roth July 1902. Pupa secale in South Lincolnshire.—When visiting the Rev. E. A. Woodruffe Peacock, at Cadney, on 22nd and 23rd May, I had the pleasure of examining his collection of Lincolnshire land and freshwater shells. Among them I found a tube containing a single specimen of Pupa secale, with label saying ‘Grantham, 1go00, R. Worsdale.’ Mr. Peacock informed me that he found it among a few Auliminus obscurus sent to him by Mr. R. Worsdale, of Grantham. As this species has not been recorded for the county, I wrote to Mr. Worsdale for its exact locality ; he replied they were found on Hall Hills, Grantham. Since writing he has sent me a collection of local shells, and among them another specimen of Pupa secale from the same spot. Mr. Peacock informs me that this identification has been verified by Mr. J. W. Taylor.—-C. S. CARTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 3oth June 1902. Naturalist, 271 NOTES on LINCOLNSHIRE MOLLUSCA. Pisidium henslowanum and Band-Formula 12045 of Helix nemoralis near Brigg.—Other specimens of interest which I also saw at Cadney were Piszdium henslowanum and the curiously and somewhat scarce banded form of Helix nemoralis (12045). The former was taken by Mr Peacock at Cadney, toth March 1900; the latter were found in 1900 living at Bottesford and dead at Ingoldmells in 1901.—-C. S. CARTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 30th June 1902. Gs nie Pisidium henslowanum in Lincolnshire.—Although easily recog- nisable and far from scarce, this molluse—P. henslowantum (Shepp. )—which I took from one of the drains by the Ancholme, near Appleby, in April last does not appear to have been previously published as a Lincolnshire species. The Rev. E. A. Woodruffe Peacock, however, has a specimen taken at Cadney in 1900, and he has recently communicated to Mr. C. S. Carter, of Louth, a caddis-case from South Kelsey, on which are four of these shells. Mr. J. W. Taylor has obligingly confirmed the naming of my specimen.— H. Wat is Kew, London, roth July rgoz2. : Mollusca from Grantham District.— As comparatively little work among the mollusca of South Lincolnshire has been done, the following list of shells, collected in the immediate neighbourhood of Grantham, and sent to me on 7th June by Mr. R. Worsdale, may be of interest :— Hyalinia cellaria var. albina. One specimen. flyalinia helvetica. Hyalinia nitidula, Hyalinia crystallina. Flelix rotundata. flelix pulchella. Flelix lapicida. Four very good specimens, ‘found in one spot on a wall at Great Ponton.’ Mr. Worsdale remarks that he could not find a sinele specimen a yard from the spot. i Flelix nemoralts vars. libelliula (123)(45) and rubella : : 345, 00300. Helix hortensis vars. lutea 00000, 12345 and roseolabiata ooooo. flelix arbustorum. Helix cantiana. One immature specimen found at Somerby Hill. flelix rufescens. flelix hispida. ; Flelix itala. ‘ Railway embankment near Grantham.’ Helix virgata vars. albicans and subalbida. Somerby Hill. Bulimtnus obscurus. Pupa secale. One specimen. Pupa muscorum., Clausilia bidentata var. everetti. Cochlicopa lubrica var. lubricoides. One specimen. Ancylus fluviatilis. The following were taken from the canal between Grantham and Harlaston :— Succinea elegans. Planorbis vortex. Planorbis carinatus. Limnea auricularia var. albina, One specimen, Limnea palustris. Vivipara vivipara. Bythinia tentaculata. Valvata piscinalis. Spherium corneum. Dreissensia polymorpha. —-C. S. CarTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, goth June 1902. > NOTE on YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. Pupa ringens at Flamborough Head,—Near the Lighthouse are some slopes of boulder clay covered with moss through which water trickles. Here I found Pupa ringens in abundance last June. | notice this species prefers moss through which water passes, whereas Vertigo anti vertigo affects moss by stagnant pools.—W. C. Hey, West Ayton, 9th July 1902. 1902 August 1. eye NOTE on LAKELAND PLANTS. Bog-Orchis in Lake-Lancashire and Westmorland.—In his Flora, appended to the new Lake Counties Guide (J. M. Dent & Co.), Mr. Petty mentions that the last record for the Bog-Orchis (Malaxis paludosa) in Lake Lancashire is one hundred vears old. It may be well, therefore, to record my acquaintance with it there. It was found between the Esthwaite and the Grizedale valleys in August 1892, by Mr. Webb, a young botanist staying in the neighbourhood. A careful description led me to the spot, where it grew in a rill of rushes, fostered by water gathering from the Hawkshead fells, and but just beginning to trickle down towards Grizedale. I went and found it again in the two following years. An unrecorded habitat for the plant in Westmorland is on Loughrigg, where I have seen it for a number of years.—SOpHIA ARMITT, Rydal, 17th June tgoz. Se NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE MAMMALS. Otters at Great Sturton, Lincolnshire.—I senda note on two Otters (Lutra lutra) shot by Mr. G. Wattam, farmer, on or about 30th March 1go1 in the parish of Great Sturton.—A. E. JARvis, Brussels, 15th July rgo2. He says :—I went to scare Crows off a field of newly-sown barley, and just walked round a pond situated about a quarter of a mile from the river Bain, as I always do when near it, as it is a favourite place for game, Rabbits and Wild Duck, when in season. A lot of willows, thorns, and long grass grow up in and around the pond, and make good covert. On this day I saw something under the bushes, and supposing it to be a stray Cat I fired my gun, and something reared itself up, which I saw was not a Cat, but could not tell what it was; so fired again, and on going to look found to my great surprise not only one but two Otters. I brought them away and had them stuffed—they were both females, mother and daughter, one being older and bigger than the other. My brother has the mother and I have the daughter. They had made a kind of bed of dead grass under some of the thorns and willows, which had been cut down, and were curled up asleep like two kittens.—GEORGE WatTTAM, Highgate House, Great Sturton, Lincolnshire. —__——>- <= NOTE on LAKELAND BIRDS. Migration of the Pied Flycatcher, etc., in Northern England.— Mr. Butterfield’s note on the migration of the Pied Flycatcher (Licedula atricapilla) is interesting and suggestive. Is it not possible that this species may reach its breeding ‘haunts i in ‘Westmorland and Cumberland by a route across Yorkshire from the East Coast? Birds migrating, that turned inland at the Humber mouth, might penetrate the river vallevs to their source in the Pennines; then, crossing the gaps in. the range, find themselves in a new network of streams, up which they would pass and settle. Birds tracking up the river Ure, for instance, would find themselves upon the source of the Eden (the old stronghold of the species) almost at once. Or, turning the other flank of Baugh Fell, they would be upon Morecambe Bay, with the Lakeland rivers open to them. In the same vear in which Mr. Oxley Grabham reported the species as unusually numerous in the Yorkshire dales it likewise arrived here in great numbers. This year it was very early in its appearance. Late and cold as the season has proved all through, there was yet one fluctuation, when, fora few days in mid-April, warm, light breezes blew, which carried up objects such as dead leaves to sail high like kites. These breezes appeared to bring birds, that were then travelling, on with a rush; and a number of male Pied Flycatchers had arrived at their old nest-stations on the morning of 18th April, and were singing volubly. This is three days earlier than I have personally met with the species before. The Blackcap Warbler (Sp/vza atricapilla) appeared on the same day.—Mary L. ArmiTT, Rydal, Westmorland, 17th June 1902. 2 AUG. 19 iV ‘Naturalist, Now complete in One Volume, Cloth, Price £2 2s. A MONOGRAPH Land & Pe chiwater Mollusca OF THE BRITISH ISLES (Structural and General), BY fee CAVEOR, -F/L.S.. Membre Honoraire de la Société Malacologique de France, With the assistance of W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., the late Chas. Ashford, and other well-known conchologists. 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Contents :— PAGES. Jew’s Ears Pie and other Dainties—W. Norwood Cheesman AG ae sie 2 7G =ey sy Yorkshire Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn (illus.)—Rev. 7. A. Brodc, B.A. 277-284 Yorkshire Coleoptera in 1901—JZ. Lawson Thompson, I. E.S. 285-287 Additions to the Bowland Flora—/oseph F. Pickard j 289-291 Yorkshire Naturalists at North Grimston (Illus.)—7homas Sheppard, F, GC. Se 293-301 Half-a-Day’s Ramble at Mablethorpe—4/thus Smith, F.L.S., FES. 303-304 - Short Notes :—Mammals, 304; Birds, 276; Fishes, 297; Mollusca, 292; Coleoptera, gor; Coccids, 307 ; Lepidoptera, 302; Flowering Plants, 302; Fungi, 288; Notes and News, 287, 258, 292, 302. Illustrations :—279, 299. Sri : Sau ; LONDON : LOVELL REEVE & Co. Lrp., 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. CHortey & PickersGiLt, THe Erecrric Press, CookrivGk Srreer, LEEps. PRICE SIXPENCE NET. BY POST SEVENPENCE. Annual Subscription 6s. 6d. post free; through Booksellers, 6s. Net. . 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Charles Janet.—Various Reprints, viz.:—Notes sur les Fourmis et les Guépes, 9g parts, 4to., 1894-9; Etudes sur les Fourmis, les Guépes et les Abeilles, Notes 17, 18, 19, 8vo., 1898 ; Sur l'emploi de Désinences caractéristiques dans les dénominations des groupes établis pour les classifications zoologiques, 8vo., 1898; L’Esthétique dans les Sciences de la Nature, 8vo., 1900; Les Habitations a Bon Marché dans les Villes de Moyenne Importance, 8vo., 1897 ; Notice sur les Travaux Scientifiques présenté par C. Janet en 1896 pour le Prix Thore. [L’ Auteur. LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt. Sreconp SERIES now ready, post free Is. 2d.; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, . Ambleside. Private Collection of Birds, Minerals, Butterflies, etc., to be Sold owing ~ to decease of owner. Can be seen at 5, Victoria Avenue, London, E.C. : 27) JEW’S EARS PIE AND OTHER DAINTIES. W, NORWOOD CHEESMAN, Selby; Member of the Vorkshire Mycological Committee. OO A FEW weeks ago I accepted a long-standing invitation to spend the day with a farmer friend and taste Jew’s Ears Pie for dinner. The morning was spent in viewing stock and crops, which made us late for the dinner. Our appetites were right, and the pie was right too. Certainly it contained other ingredients besides the ‘Hebraic external auricular cartilages,’ juicy and tender beef- steak being particularly noticeable. The ‘boys’ had been in to their dinner and the pie was half consumed. This inspired me with confidence, and we paid the cook the compliment of leaving the dish empty and pronouncing the repast a kingly one. During an after-dinner pipe the farmer told me that he gathered the fungi on a ‘dry bank.’ This aroused my curiosity and anxiety, as the Jew’s Ear fungus* (Avrneola Auricula-Jude) only grows on Elder wood. I secured a small dried fragment of the repast and it reminded me very much of a feszza. On arriving home I submitted it to a microscopic test and found the spores in asci (Ascomycetes), and further examination proved the specimen to be Peziza repanda Wahlenb. So after all the disappointment was compensated by the fact that another species was added to the record list of my district, and a ‘new to science’ one to the list of known esculent fungi. Some years since there flourished an old Selby worthy who spent his time between the workhouse in winter and gathering Watercress, Buckbean, ‘Sanctuary’ (Aryihrea centaurtum), and Mushrooms in summer. He answered to the name ‘Three keels,’ for his younger days had been spent as a freshwater sailor, and at one time he was the owner of three keels, but his thirst-quenching proclivities had induced him to swallow them. The man was bringing into town one day, in his basket, some Champignons (Marasmius oreades) when a gentleman accosted him with, ‘My good man, you are surely not going to sell those things to the people? You will poison them!’ He replied (with a twinkle in his eye as he told me), ‘Noa, aam goin’ to eeat ’em mesen; aam not quite reat e’ me eead.’ And certainly the effect on the man’s appearance of swallowing ‘three keels’ did not belie the latter part of his statement. ——————————————————————————————— a *Found plentifully on Elder bushes in Leys Wood, North Grimston. We Oe Exc. 12th) June 1902. tg02z September 1. 274 Cheesman: few’s Ears Pie and other Datnties. Marasmius is a very palatable dish of a delicate mushroomy flavour, but somewhat leathery and requiring some mastication ; but is not at all objectionable on that account. A noted authority on edible fungi, now gone to rest, when questioned by his friends as to how he obtained knowledge of this kind, jokingly observed that he recorded the effect of new dishes upon his wife and family before venturing himself to taste new species. My ‘three keel’ friend had not the advantages for research as had the above eminent mycologist, as he ‘enjoyed’ single blessedness to the end of his days and died in the workhouse, aged 83, still desiring another ‘keel’ to swallow; nevertheless the man was deeply interested in the esculent properties of fungi, and he has certainly added a little to the stock of know- ledge on this subject. In the late autumn and early winter, when toothsome fungus dishes are scarce, large quantities of the Ring TZ+rzcholoma (Agaricus grammopodius) are found here in damp pastures grow- ing in rings (fairy rings), after the manner of A/arasmtus oreades. My ‘three keel’ friend tried this and found it a good thing, and sold to the Irish field-workers in our district a good stew for a mere trifle, and since his demise other experts have arisen who collect for this class of people large quantities of the fungus; occasionally I have specimens brought to me for veri- fication, with inquiries if they are the same as ‘Three keels’ discovered and recommended. I have not tasted this fungus myself, but am told by those who have that it makes a very good meal with a few potatoes, ‘but that it does not require any pepper.’ The Beefsteak Fungus (/7stulina hepatica) is common here on Oak stumps and in sawmill yards. It has a distinctly meaty taste, and when well cooked with plenty of seasoning is not to be despised. It may easily be distinguished from all other fungi by its red beefsteak-like appearance. In size it grows from a few inches to a foot or more in diameter. Several of our woods produce one of the English Truffles (Elaphomyces granulatus). These grow from six inches to a foot below the surface in light sandy soil, and may be found by a parasitic fungus (Zorrubza ophiglossoides) appearing above the surface. Cooked any way either to flavour bread stuffing for fowls or fried whole, it forms a good substitute for the fifteen shillings per pound Truffle from France (Zuber estivum). Naturalist, Cheesman: few’s Ears Pie and other Dainties. 275 The Morel (Morchella esculenta) is a rare fungus in this district, but 1 occasionally have a dish sent to me from Par- lington Park by a woodman who teils me they readily fetch half a crown a pound at Leeds. Some time ago I examined under the microscope a drop of ‘commercial’ ketchup and found it consisted almost entirely of the spores of a Coprinus, probably C. comatus, certainly not Agaricus campestris or A, arvensts. The Helvellas (Helvella crispa and H. lacunosa) and Hydnum repandum, all well-known edible fungi, are only found sparingly here, and it is many years since | tasted them cooked; but they make an agreeable bonne bouche during a long tramp on a fungus foray, when the sandwich-box is empty and the flask is dry. If anyone has the courage to ask his cook to prepare a breakfast dish of young puff-balls (all species are good) they will be found equal to button Mushrooms, only they must be young and slice up white; when brownish and old, and when the spores are formed, they acquire a musty flavour. I have tried a mixed dish of Clavarzez (club and coral-shaped fungi), with the result that I have great faith in the possibilities of the whole family as a food product. As Nature has with such a lavish hand scattered fungi over our land, and indeed over all our globe, it seems a pity that our knowledge of the edible properties of fungi is so scanty and uncertain. It is true there is no royal road to the discrimination of the esculent from the poisonous species; but, as we find amongst the Phanerogams Orders like Ranunculacee, Papa- veraceeé, Umbellifere, Solanaceae, Scrophularinee, Luphorbiacee, etc., containing some distinctly poisonous species, and nearly all the species of those orders of a suspicious character, so we find other natural orders like Cruczfere, Rosacee, Composite, Boraginee, producing species none of which are poisonous, but all innocuous, and many valuable as food plants. Cannot in like manner the fungi be divided into Divisions, Orders, Families, or at least Genera having poisonous or non-poisonous properties? Of the former we have Amanita, Russula, Boletus, etc., and of the latter the genera Psallzota, Coprinus, Marasmius, Hydnum, Fistulina, Hirneola, Tuber, Morchella, Helvella, etc., and the Orders Clavariet, Trichogastres, etc. May I suggest to the Chairman and Secretary of our Myco- logical Committee of research that this branch of economic botany be considered at the next Fungus Foray, which takes place at Arncliff, near Whitby, in September. . 1902 September 1. 276 NOTES on YORKSHIRE BIRDS. Rook with Recurved Beak near Barnsley.—On 17th May I saw, perched on one of the telegraph wires near the Lancashire and Yorkshire Station here, a Rook (Zrypanocorax frugilegus) with the beak much recurved. It is impossible for me to say whether the malformation affected both upper and lower mandibles, probably the former only. The length of the beak was fully twice that usual in the bird, and gave to it a most curious appearance.—E. G. BAYFORD, Barnsley, 15th June 1902. Unusual position for Nest of Sedge-Warbler, Hornsea Mere. — During the excursion of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club to Hornsea Mere, on 28th June, a nest of a Sedge-Warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis) was noticed in a Willow tree, at a height of ten feet from the ground. It contained four eggs and had every appearance of the nests usually built among the reeds, with the exception that it was built amongst the young shoots of the Willow tree. The tree was situated many yards from the water’s edge.—T. SHEPPARD, Municipal Museum, Hull, 2nd July 1902. Hull Museum: the Swailes Collection of Eggs.—Mr. George Swailes, of Beverley, has presented to the Hull Municipal Museum the col- lection of eggs of British-breeding birds, got together during twenty years’ collecting by his brother, the late Mr. Johnson Swailes, of Beverley. There are nearly 1,300 eggs, and many of them are of great value and local interest. The collection is well known to north country ornithologists, who will be pleased to hear that it has been permanently secured to the district through the kindness of Mr. G. Swailes.—T. SHEPPARD, Municipal Museum, Hull, 4th July 1902. Hawfinch at Huddersfield.—Noticing that the peas in my garden were being rapidly taken by birds, last evening I had them netted. This morn- ing, on going past them, my son found that a Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) had got beneath the nets, and he was able to catch it at once. It was an adult specimen in beautiful plumage. After an exami- nation of it in the house, during which it showed me the strength of its powerful beak on my flesh, I set it at liberty. The peas were so surrounded with netting we hoped they would effectually keep off birds, and it shows the fearless boldness of this species that it should at once discover a small opening and get under. A single Sparrow (Passer domesticus) was in with it, but my son says there were a number of other sparrows outside vainly endeavouring to get in. I recorded a young Hawfinch from close by here last year; and I had previously seen one on another side of the town, so apparently the bird is not so rare here as we formerly supposed.—GEo. T. PORRITT, Crosland Hall, near Huddersfield, 9th August 1902. Se NOTES on LAKELAND BIRDS. Hawfinch in Westmorland.—On the authority of Mr. W. Duckworth, of Penrith, it is recorded that a Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) was found dead on a farm in North Westmorland on 15th April last.— T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 22nd July 1902. Hawfinches in Westmorland.—It may be of interest to note, in connection with Miss Armitt’s remarks on the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) as breeding at Rydal, Westmorland, that just about the time of receiving my ‘ Naturalist’ for August a young specimen of this bird was placed in my hands. It had been caught in a Sparrow-trap along with Sparrows at Levens, in South Westmorland. Similarly, about a fortnight previously, another specimen was caught in exactly the same way and at the same place. Last year another young one was shot near Arnside; this was stuffed and is now in my possession.—G. STABLER, Levens, Westmor- land, 13th August 1902. Naturalist, TG YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT COXWOLD AND KILBURN. Rev. T. AINSWORTH BRODE, B.A., Vicar of St. John’s, York. THe Whit-Monday Excursion of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union is generally a popular and well-attended outing, and this year’s fixture was no exception to the rule. Those who were not deterred by the doubtful character of the weather had their reward in a very enjoyable day. The weather was not perfect, but a mackintosh and a pair of stout boots were provision enough to make against the one or two heavy showers which were the only really unpleasant features of the day. As our moemilyeeecesident said, “Think what it~ might have been!’ Then again, beyond the natural beauties of the locality and apart from the objects of varying interest to members as naturalists, there was the added pleasure of seeing the pretty village of Coxwold, the fine church with its octagonal tower, and the house where Laurence Sterne wrote ‘Tristram Shandy’ in 1758; and to some of the party the no less pleasure of visiting Byland Abbey (which was built about 1180 A.D. by some monks who originally came from the Abbey of Furness), the ruins of which are even now of great beauty. On these and other points of antiquarian interest those who were able to spend the week-end in the neighbourhood scored considerably. The main body of naturalists, under the able guidance of Mr. J. Richardson, went by a pathway behind the village of Coxwold across the fields and into the lane by Kilburn Thicket to Oldstead. There they parted into two divisions, one of which went to Scotch Corner and on to Roulston Scar, returning to Coxwold via Kilburn; and the other, reinforced at Oldstead by some entomologists and belated botanists, went up Oldstead Bank, and finding the time short, made for Coxwold by the lane between Oldstead and High Kilburn, joining the returning geologists just outside Kilburn village. Mr. T. W. Woodhead, F.L.S., reported that the botanists had an excellent day, but it soon became evident that the time at their disposal was all too short to examine in detail the large and interesting tracts of country included in the excursion. In consequence of this fact attention was largely confined to the hedgerows, which proved luxuriant and varied, and well repaid research. After leaving the station, where a fine patch of 1902 September 1. 278 Brode: Yorkshire Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn. Galitum erectum was seen, abundance of Svtellaria nemorum occurred in the hedge where the path began, close to the village, while here and there might be seen S¢ellaria media var. neglecta. Close by was noted Rubus alpinus. Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn) was a striking feature, and Rzbes grossularia (Gooseberry) fre- quently recurred. In the old pastures, across which the path led, Ophioglossum vulgatum (Adder’s Tongue) and Botrychium Zunarta (Moonwort) were plentiful ; and the horse-ponds yielded Veronica Beccabunga (Brooklime), Alisma plantago-aquatica (Water Plantain), and a few plants of Ranunculus hederaceus (Ivy-leaved Crowfoot). It may be of interest to note that in the last field before entering the lane, which goes to Oldstead and skirts Kilburn Thicket, a sitting Water-hen was disturbed, and her nest was found containing four eggs. Coming into the lane there was only just time to peep into the woods near by with their well-grown Pines and carpet of Bluebells. Just beyond Kilburn Thicket, Jyosotis collina (Early Field Scorpion-grass) was seen, and further on, where the lane dipped down, Lathrea squamaria (Toothwort) on roots of Elms. On the ditch side Chrysosplentum alterntfolium (Alternate-leaved Golden Saxifrage) was fairly abundant, and in the neighbouring damp ground Equisetum maximum (Great Water Horse-tail)-was sending up its fine fertile cones in advance of its stately barren shoots. Near Oldstead a plant or two of Onopordon Acanthium (Cotton Thistle) was found, also a fine bank of Geranium phaeum (Dusky Cranesbill). Along the route Ranunculus auricomus (Goldilocks) was common, with occasionally Lzstera ovata (Twayblade), Orchis mascula (Early Purple Orchis), Adoxa Moschatellina (Moschatel), Myosotis sylvatica (Wood Scorpion-grass), and a specimen or two of Lithospermum officinale (Gromwell). Primroses were at their best and made a magnificent show, but the sight of the day was Helieborus feetidus (Stinking Helle- bore) on Oldstead Bank, just in its prime and in unusual abundance. In the hedges here were seen Daphne Laureola (Spurge Laurel), and Gerberis vulgaris (Barberry), and in one spot Primula elatior (Oxlip). At Scotch Corner, a hill capped with Ling, Bilberry, and Gorse, were found L£vrophila vulgaris, Cerastium semtdecandrum, and a curious form of barren Straw- berry, with large, foliaceous, and deeply serrate sepals, and very small yellow petals. On the hill slopes were large patches, uniformly brown with the dead fronds of Bracken, and on the opposite hill a very regular plantation of alternating rows of Naturalist, Brode : Yorkshire Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn. 279 Pines and Larches. From the Corner the course lay across the moor, to the right being a plantation of Pine with an under- growth of Ling and a little Bilberry ; to the left, parts reclaimed and sown with Oats ; but for the rest an extensive plain covered for miles with an uniform sheet of Ling. Near Roulston Scar Helleborus foetidus in fruit, hedge-bank on Oldstead Bank. From photograph by W. B. Crump, M.A., roth May rgo2. a few patches of Ampetrum nigrum (Crowberry) were met with in flower, while at the foot of the Scar was another glorious patch of Primroses. As regards the Cryptogamic department the district proved very interesting to the bryologist also. In fact it was hard work to get the ‘moss-men’ along the route in anything like 1902 September 1. , 280 Brode: Vorkshire Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn. time. Mr. W. Ingham, B.A., reported the following varied list :— By the road-side from Coxwold Station to Roulston Scar vid Low Kilburn the predominant Mosses are EHurhynchium prelongum (fruiting freely on a bank), Brachythectum rutabulum, Hyloco- mium triquetrum, Kurhynchium Swartzit, Hypnum cuspidatum (found in fruit by Mr. H. J. Wilkinson), and Amblystegium filtctnum. Two rarer Mosses of the road-side are Barbula stnuosa (Braith.) occurring in small brown patches on stones, and Ortho- trichum stramineum (Hornsch.) both found by Mr. Barnes. On the lower slopes of the Scar occur these Mosses—Plagziothecium latebricola (B.&S.), growing with Zetraphis pellucida on rotten wood in shade ; Campy/opus pyriformts (Brid.), fruiting freely on the side of a cutting ; Ceratodon contcus (Lindb.), on wet clay ; Tortula subulata (Hedw.), Bryum cespiticium, in fruit; Barbula rigidula, Weissta viridula (Hedw.); W. microstoma (C.M.) with its var. brachycarpa (Schp.); Mnium punctatum; Pleuropus sericeus, in fruit; /sothectum myurum ; Eurhynchium murale and E. confertum. Ona large stone in shade grows a very interest- ing little Moss, Plagiothectum denticulatum var. densum, in fruit, with short and striate capsule. On the bases of tree trunks may be seen the large golden masses of Plag. sylvaticum, and on the sloping banks the same Moss becoming short-stemmed and of very compact habit. Plag. denticulatum, typical form, fruits by the road-side. Near the top of the Scar two minute Mosses, Seligeria pusilla and SS. recurvata, are found. On the rock under the summit are large patches of eckera crispa var. falcata, which looks very much like a Hepatic, and is an invari- able index of a limestone habitat. By its side grows a very pretty and small form of Aypnum molluscum, probably var. gracile (Boul.). At this particular spot several hepatics of luxuriant growth may be seen, viz., Porella platyphylla, the smooth-coated Reboulia hemispherica, Lepidozia reptans, and Metzgeria pubescens. On the top of the Scar in a large pool is a fine growth of Sphagnum cuspidatum var. submersum (Schp.), of rich brown colour and with the habit of SAh. Torreyanum, associated with the glossy brown Aypnum fiuttans, group Amphibium var. Jeanbernati (Renauld). To this list Mr. M. B. Slater, F.L.S., adds the following plants, seen on a different route :—Mosses: Ceratodon purpureus, Mnium hornum (both male and fruit), Catharinea undulata, Tortula muralis, Grimmia pulvinata, Hypnum striatum, Ambly- stegium serpens, and Plagiothectum denticulatum var. aptychus. Hepatics : Lepzdosia reptans and Lophocolea heterophylla. Naturalist, Brode: Vorkshtre Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn. 281 In the Mycological Section some good work was done, allowing for the season. To the general naturalist the most interesting fungus of the day was the Edible Morell, which attains a very large growth in this district. The writer has often eaten it when he lived in Hertfordshire, and can testify to its pleasing and delicate flavour as an adjunct to the breakfast rasher. He was accustomed to gather it about half the size of the specimens seen at Oldstead, probably in a younger stage. Mr. T. Gibbs reports that the date was too early for a large ‘bag’ of fungi, so the list given below must be considered fairly satisfactory. The district, with its fine woods, its well- watered valleys and rich meadows, looks as if it would well repay aregular ‘foray.’ The most productive ground met with was a little wooded ravine near the hamlet of Wass, with rocky and precipitous sides, and containing a stony stream-course (then dry). Here on the dead wood and herbage the smaller Discomycetes abounded, none however being of special interest. A fine large Pegzza (Peziza venosa Pers.) was found in a quarry in the same wood. Some very fine specimens of the Morell (Morchella esculenta Pers.) were a prominent feature on the hedge banks near Oldstead. The Agarics were fairly repre- sented for so early in the year, and included the curious and rather uncommon = Cantharellus infundibuliformis Fr. The following 32 species were identified :— Lycoperdon Bovista L. Agaricus campestris L. Hypholoma fasciculare Huds. On dead wood. Psilocybe spadiceo-grisea Schff. Coprinus atramentarius Fr. Coprinus radiatus Fr. On dung. Coprinus plicatilis Curt. Marasmius oreades Bolt. In large ‘Fairy ring’ in meadow. Cantharellus infundibuliformis Pers. In Cam Wood. Poria vaporaria Fr. Ondead wood. Dacryomyces stillatus Duby. On dead wood. Lasiosphzeria ovina Pers. On dead wood. Leptospheeria acuta. On dead stems of Nettle. Nectria cinnabarina Fr. Conidial stage on dead twigs. Xylaria hypoxylon. 1902 September 1. On dead wood. Ditiola radicata Fr. On rotten wood. Hysterium ilicinum DeNot. Stegia ilicis Fr. Both on dead Holly leaves. Peziza venosa Pers. Helotium cyathoidum Bull. On dead herbaceous stems. Mollisia cinerea Batsch. Dasyscypha virginea Batsch. Dasyscypha hyalina Pers. The last three on dead wood. Ascophanus testaceus Phil. On Rabbit dung. Ascobolus glaber Pers. On Rabbit dung. Orbilia leucostigma Fr, On dead wood. Orbilia succinea Quelet. On dead stems of Nettle. Rhytisma acerinum Pers. On dead Sycamore leaves. Morchella esculenta Pers. Cystopus candidus Ley. On Shepherd's Purse. 282 Brode: Vorkshire Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn. Sporodinia aspergillus. Stemonitis Friesiana DeBary. On decaying Agarics. On dead wood. The conchologists, though few in number, worked assiduously, and several additions were made to the previous records for the district. Perhaps the most interesting capture was ffelzx lapi- cida, taken near Roulston Scar, as this snail, even where it is known to exist, is difficult to find ‘at home.’ Mr. J. E. Crowther, President of the Section, gives the following list of 29 species :— Arion ater. Helix hortensis. Arion hortensis. Hygromia hispida. Arion circumscriptus. Helicella caperata. Agriolimax agrestis. Buliminus obscurus. Vitrina pellucida. Pupa cylindracea. Vitrea cellaria. Clausilia bidentata. Vitrea alliaria. Clausilia laminata. Vitrea nitidula. Cochlicopa lubrica. Vitrea crystallina. Carychium minimum. Vitrea fulva. Planorbis albus. Pyramidula rotundata. Planorbis spirorbis. Helicigona lapicida. Limnzea peregra. Helicigona arbustorum. Spherium corneum. Helix aspersa. Pisidium fontinale. Helix nemoralis. Among the members of the section for Vertebrate Zoology were some who had the advantage of the longer time which a week-end stay at Coxwold gave them. Mr. Kenneth McLean reports that the absent members certainly missed a splendid opportunity for the study of bird and animal life. The district is so diversified and the changes so abrupt that many kinds of birds were found ‘near neighbours’ which are generally separated by great distances. For instance, the sheltered wooded valleys are inhabited by Willow Wren, Wood Wren, Whitethroat, Tits, and Finches in large numbers, while but a few hundred yards above, on the wide-stretching moors, is the habitat of the Red Grouse, Curlew, Ring Ousel, Wheatear, etc. Byland Abbey was seen to shelter a much larger number of inhabitants than ever it had in its bygone days of magnificence, for every hole, crevice, and cranny is now the home of Jackdaw, Starling, or Sparrow, and the grand old ruins were alive with the call of hungry youngsters. Although many of the tree trunks in the neighbourhood bore the marks of the Woodpecker’s strong bill, not a single specimen was seen or heard. Amongst the Spruce and Larch on the richly-wooded hill-side was seen the beautiful little Goldcrest, active in search of food, while the twitter of the Wood Wren Naturalist, Brode: Yorkshire Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn. 283 (Phylloscopus stbtlatrix) was heard on all sides. Considering the time of the year, perhaps the most interesting bird noted was the Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola). The nest was not found, but it was evidently breeding in the immediate vicinity, and it is known to do so in this district from year to year. Although most of the summer visitors were seen, including the Cuckoo and Corncrake, the lateness of the season was emphasized by the appearance of a small flock of Fieldfares. In some late springs they may be seen near the coast, even towards the end of May, but for them to be seen so far inland as late as 19th May is very unusual. Forty-five different kinds of living birds were noted in all, and some of the party came across the shrivelled remains of Hooded Crows, Jays, Magpies, Carrion Crows, Sparrow Hawks, Kestrels, etc., the usual victims of the gamekeeper. Eight species of mammalia were seen, alive and dead, viz.:—Fox, Stoat, Weasel, Rat, Water Vole, Rabbit, Hare, and Squirrel. Owing to the lateness of the season, already noticed, the entomologists did little or nothing with Lepidoptera. Mr, M. Lawson Thompson, F.E.S., President of the Section, reports that the following species of Coleoptera were met with in working along the route. He adds that they are all common beetles, the day proving unfavourable to really successful investigations. Leistus rufescens F. Agriotes obscurus L. Harpalus latus L. Agriotes pallidulus IIl. Pterostichus madidus F. Dolopius marginatus L. Pterostichus vulgaris L. Lema lichenis Voet. Pterostichus nigrita F. Batophila rubi Payk. Anchomenus dorsalis Miill. Plectroscelis concinna Marsh. Bembidium lampros Herbst. Anaspis rufilabris Gyll. Dromius meridionalis De}. Apion dichroum Bed. Cercyon melanocephalus L. Apion humile Germ. Baptolinus alternans Grav. Otiorrhynchus picipes F. Homalium rufipes Foure. Polydrusus micans F. Homalium rivulare Payk. Polydrusus tereticollis DeG. Necrophorus humator F. Polydrusus cervinus L. Adalia obliterata L. Phyllobius urtice DeG. Coccinella to-punctata L. Barynotus elevatus Marsh. Coccinella 7-punctata L. Liosoma ovatulum Clairv. Omosita discoidea F. Cceliodes quadrimaculatus L. Meligethes zneus F. Ceuthorrhynchus contractus Marsh. Meligethes picipes Sturm. Ceuthorrhynchus troglodytes F. The Geological Section took a different route to Roulston Scar, and headed by Mr. Percy F. Kendall, F.G.5., went straight up the village, past Shandy Hall, then on to the Snapes 1902, September 1. 284 Lrode: Yorkshire Naturalists at Coxwold and Kilburn. Quarry, Kilburn, and thence to the Scar. Mr. J. E. Hall reports that the geologists made a start by inspecting the quarry at the back of Shandy Hall, where about 20 feet of the Calcareous Grits are exposed. Along the Kilburn Road, where water- mains have been recently laid, several erratics were noted, including Chert, Mountain Limestone, and various specimens of Lake District lava, ash, and schist. On reaching Snape Quarries a small part of the east face produced Ammonztes tri- plex, Am. cordatus, Linia rigida, and a few Gasteropods. In a recently-worked section of sandstone near the summit Am. perarmatus (?), Belemnites abbreviatus, and spines of a Czdaris were noted. In the main quarry there is a fine section of the Upper Calcareous Grits; and looking up at the towering escarp- ment of Roulston Scar, it was difficult to realise that the rocks here exposed are more recent than those which, in the Scar, lie nearly 600 feet above. But such is the case; for though it was impossible to trace the Coral Rag, which was formerly exposed at the base of the quarry, yet the finding of its characteristic Coral (Thecosmilia annularts) by Mr. E. Hawkesworth proved its existence ; and the visit paid to an old working of the Jet Shales of the Upper Lias, in a neighbouring field, helped the party to realise the remarkable character of the fault in a still more vivid manner. At the Fauconberg Arms Hotel, Coxwold, the workers gathered together for ‘high tea’ after their pleasant tramp ; and when ample justice had been done to the repast, during which friends renewed acquaintance and enjoyed comparing notes, the usual sectional meetings took place, followed by the general meeting, over which Mr. P. F. Kendall presided with characteristic ability and geniality. Ten affiliated societies answered the roll-call read by Mr. E. Hawkesworth, the worthy secretary ; and after four new members of the Union had been elected, the customary brief but very interesting reports of the results of the excursion were given by officers of the various sections. These reports, made on the spot and by experts in their own particular subject, are of necessity valuable; andi it is hoped that the detailed form in which they appear here may extend and preserve their value for a wider circle of naturalists, beside serving to recall the incidents of a very pleasant day with nature. All who were present supported with heartfelt sincerity the vote of thanks to the landowners, whose kind permission to go over their estates made such an enjoyable excursion possible. Naturalist, 285 YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA IN i901. M. LAWSON THOMPSON, F.E.S., Saltburn-by-the-Sea; Hon. Secretary Yorkshire Coleoptera Committee. Tue following is the Report for rgo1 of the Yorkshire Coleoptera Committee :— Much good work has been done by the Yorkshire Coleoptera Committee during the past year, and the meetings of the York- shire Naturalists’ Union at Brough, Wykeham, Wetherby, and Conisborough were attended by some of its members. An account of the Brough meeting is published in ‘ The Naturalist’ for 1901 (pp. 227-8), and contains Mr. E. G. Bayford’s list of 30 species taken on that occasion. Mr. Bayford also attended the Wykeham meeting, spending the week-end there. His list is published in Mr. J. Waddington’s account of the excursion (‘The Naturalist’ for 1901, pp. 296-7), and consists of 48 species. Of these Omostphora limbata F. and * Hylastes ater Payk. are of particular interest. At Wetherby I met with 47 species, of which two—WMicroglossa pulla Gyll. and Apion spencer Kirby—are not imcluded in Mr. F. A. Lees’ account of the meeting (‘The Naturalist’ for 1901, pp. 329-30), having only recently been determined. The coleopterists present at the Conisborough meeting were Messrs E. G. Bayford and H. Ostheide, who reported finding 16 species near Conisborough (‘The Naturalist’ for 1902, p. 120). Of these Bzbloporus bicolor Denny is worthy of note. Upper Teesdale has also been visited with very interesting results, as this district contains the highest land in the county. With regard to observations on this subject already pub- - lished I must refer Yorkshire coleopterists to the list of coleoptera by Messrs. T. Stainforth and H. E. Johnson in the Transactions of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club for tgo1 (Vol. I., No. IV., pp. 239-243). It enumerates 148 species taken in the neighbourhood of Hull and on the foreshore of the Humber. Many are of extreme interest owing to the maritime locality in which they are found. A previous list, which should also be consulted, was published by the late Mr. C. W. Russell in the Transactions for 1900 (Vol. I., No. III., pp. 129-134). The following notes from various parts of the county have been selected from material at my disposal and certain observa- tions of my own—all referring to the year 1901. Throughout 1902 September 1. 286 Thompson. Yorkshtre Coleoptera in rgor. this report I have marked with an asterisk species which do not appear to have been previously recorded for Yorkshire :— *Platyderus ruficollis Marsh. Bridlington, on the coast in September (W. C. Hey). | Calathus melanocephalus L. var. nubigena Hal. Upper Teesdale, near the summit of Mickle Fell in May (M. L. Thompson). Calataus micropterus Duft. Upper Teesdale, near Cronkley, in September (M. L. Thompson). Pristonychus terricola Herbst. Among sand and clay on the coast near Bridlington Quay—rather a strange situation in which to find this insect (W. C. Hey). Bembidium atroceruleum Steph. Bridlington (W. C. Hey). Bembidium stomoides Dej. Upper Teesdale, on the margin of a moorland stream near Cronkley in September (M. L. Thompson). Patrobus assimilis Chaud. Upper Teesdale, on the slope of Mickle Fell, in May (M. L. Thompson). *Brachinus crepitans L. Mr. A. Robertshaw picked up a living specimen of this south country insect near Midgley. It had probably been imported into the district with timber, of which a large quantity is brought from various parts of the country. Hydroporus melanarius Sturm. Upper Teesdale, in a mossy pool on Mickle Fell, in May. In the same locality occur H. morio Dej. (atriceps Crotch), #. obscurus Sturm, A. gyllenhali Schiddt., H. tristis Payk.—all moorland species (M,. L. Thompson). Agabus didymus Ol. Filey (W. C. Hey). Ilybius guttiger Gyll. Upper Teesdale, in a pool at Cronkley. May (M. L. Thompson). Phihydrus maritimus Thoms. Eston Marsh, in brackish water near the sea (M. L. Thompson). Hydreena pygmea Wat. West Ayton, under a stone in the river, September (W. C. Hey). *Homalota fragilis Kr. Saltburn, on the margin of a stream, July (M. L. Thompson). Staphylinus c#sareus Ceder. Langdale End, near Scar- borough, running on a sandy road, in May, one specimen (W. C. Hey), Naturalist, Death of Mr. C. P. Hobkirk. 287 Ocypus tuscatus Grav. Eston Marsh, near the sea, one specimen under a stone, in September (M. L. Thompson). Xantholinus longiventris Heer. Bridlington (W. C. Hey). *Lathrobium atripalpe Sharp. Upper Teesdale, near Cronkley, one specimen under a stone on the moor, in September (M. L. Thompson). Bledius dissimilis Er. Bridlington, on the coast (W. C. Hey). Necrodes littoralis L. A specimen was taken at Barnsley, attracted by electric light (E. G. Bayford). Halyzia conglobata L. (14-punctata L.). Midgley (A. Robert- shaw). Geotrupes typhzus L. Lonsdale, near Kildale in Cleveland (O. C. Hudson). Rhagonycha unicolor Curt. (translucidzs Brit. Cat.) Salt- burn Wood, in July (M. L. Thompson). Malthodes mysticus Kies. Saltburn, in June (M. L. Thompson). *Malthodes misellus Kies. Saltburn Wood, by sweeping, one specimen, in June (M. L. Thompson). Dasytes zrosus Kies. (plumbeoniger Goeze). Saltburn, in June (M. L. Thompson). *Chrysomela gottingensis L. Edlington Wood, near Don- caster, one specimen picked up dead on ist August (E. G. Bayford, ‘The Naturalist’ for 1902, p. 64). Chrysomela hyperici Forst. Eston-in-Cleveland (O. C. Hudson). *Anaspis garneysi Fowler. Saltburn Wood, on Whitethorn, in Tune, one specimen (M. L. Thompson). Apion zneum F. Seamer, near Scarborough, on Sallofa nigra, in September (W. C. Hey). Apion zthiops Herbst. Saltburn Wood, in June (M. L. Thompson). *Sitones griseus F. Redcar sandhills, in September (M. L. Thompson). Hylesinus fraxini Panz. Bridlington (W. C. Hey). ——__

——— ~ NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. We have to mourn the loss which ‘ The Naturalist’ has sustained in the decease of a member of its editorial staff, Mr. C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., who, in conjunction with Mr. G. T. Porritt, F.L.S., was the first editor of the present series, 1875 to 1884, and who, previous to that, was the conductor of the series published 1864 to 1867. We hope to print memorial notices in an early number. 1902 September tr. 288 NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE FUNGI. Geaster fornicatus at Torksey, Linc., N.—Mr. F. Mills sends from Torksey (Div. 6 West) the curious-looking fungus, Geaster fornicatus Fr., gathered. by him last week. Owing to the inner layer of the sporidium becoming arched, and attached to the outer layer by the tips of the rays only, the appearance is that of a man with large head, small body, and four legs, standing on the extremities of a four-pointed saucer. Berkeley says of it, ‘ Not common, though found occasionally in as high a latitude as Nottinghamshire.-—W. FOWLER, Vicarage, Liversedge, 25th August 1902. SS Cr ae NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. Mr. W. H. Wheeler, of Boston, Lincolnshire, is the author of a recently- published work on ‘The Sea-Coast: (1) Destruction, (2) Littoral Drift, (3) Protection.’ ee The ‘Flora of the East Riding of Yorkshire,’ by Mr. J. F. Robinson, Botanical Recorder of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’. Club, is about to be issued. It extends to nearly 250 pages, and will be the first ‘Flora’ of the East Riding. Lees’ ‘ Flora of West Yorkshire’ and Baker's North Riding Flora are well known to our readers. ———_<+¢——_— An effort is being made by the naturalists and others at Barnsley to form a permanent public Museum in that town. The matter has been discussed at a meeting of the Corporation, at which Mr. E. G. Bayford, the President of the Barnsley Naturalists’ Society, stated that there would be no difficulty in the Society's collections being placed in the proposed Museum. We wish our Barnsley friends success in their efforts. ——_o<+-oe—____ It is with great pleasure that we learn that Mr. Alfred Harker, M.A., F.G.S., Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and of the Geological Survey of Scotland, has been honoured with a Fellowship of the Royal Society. Mr. Harker’s connection with this journal is well known to the readers. He has contributed to our pages many most important papers on the Igneous Rocks of the Lake District, etc., and for many years edited the annual ‘ Bibliography of Geology and Palzontology.’ ——_—_¢ + NOTES on LANCASHIRE FISHES. Shark on the North Lancashire Coast.—A man seeking for ‘ flukes’ between Tridley Point and Meaness early in July, found in a hole in 5 ft. water a dead Shark (Zamna cornubica Gm.), about 5 ft. long. A dangerous customer to face alive with a fluke prod in a place with more turning room. Macpherson’s ‘ Fauna,’ 466-7, gives no Lancashire locality.—S. L. PETTy, Ulverston, 28th July 1902. Sturgeon on the North Lancashire Coast.—On 18th July some fishermen netting for Salmon caught a Sturgeon (Aczfenser sturio L.) near Tridley Viaduct. According to the account in the ‘ Advertiser,’ 24th July, the fish was 8 ft. long, about 5 ft. in girth, and was said to weigh about 3 cwt. I heard after the capture that the weight was really above 3% cwt. It went to Barrow and was sold there at small prices. The only one mentioned by Macpherson, ‘ Fauna,’ 470-71, for North Lancashire is a small one—60o-70 lbs.—and caught in 1842. The share once claimed by the King was declined on account of his Majesty's absence from London. The Duke of Devonshire, the owner of the Leven fishing rights, wrote pleading absence also. I hear that a few years ago a small example of the same fish was obtained in about the same locality. The head has been obtained by Mr. Scott for preservation for the Fishery Laboratory.—S. L. Petry, Ulverston, 28th July 1902. a ee NOTE on YORKSHIRE FISHES. _ Fishes in the Parish of Halifax.—The following is a list of the fishes I have met with in the parish of Halifax :— Perca fluviatilis. Perch. Uncommon. Cottus gobio. Miller's Thumb. Plentiful. Gastrosteus aculeatus. Stickleback. Very plentiful. Cyprinus carpio. Carp. Uncommon. Carassius auratus. Gold Carp. Common in warm waters such as mill dams, -Gobio fluviatilis. Gudgeon. Uncommon. Leuciscus rutilus. Roach. Common in places. Leuciscus cephalus. Chub. Uncommon. Leuciscus vulgaris. Dace. Common in places. Leuciscus phoxinus. Minnow. Very plentiful. Tinca vulgaris. Tench. Uncommon. Nemachilus barbatulus. Loach. Common. Salmo fario. Trout. Common. Anguilla vulgaris. Eel. Uncommon. S hich w uncommon were once common: e.g., the Eel was ome which are no co 7 very plentiful in the Calder 4o years ago. A specimen was once taken in the dam-stones at Longbottom Bridge nearly three feet long. HAROLD PICKLES, 137, Hyde Park Road, Halifax, 31st May 1902. 1902 September r. NOTE on YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. Valvata cristata in Upper Airedale, Yorkshire.—Whilst working the Leeds and Liverpool Canal above the Five Rise Locks, Bingley, for aquatic molluscs, along with my friend Mr. Fred Booth, I was pleased to find Valvata cristata had made its appearance and was fairly common. This is a new record for Upper Airedale, also for the district under the supervision of the Bradford Naturalist Society, as a living mollusc; it has only been previously found in the lake marl in Crummockdale by Hugh Richardson in 1886 (see ‘ Journal of Conchology,’ Vol. 5, p. 61). This shell has certainly been introduced since the publication of Messrs. Carter and Soppitt’s ‘Land and Freshwater Molluscs of Upper Airedale,’ in ‘The Naturalist’ of March 1888, for this particular place is one that has been most visited by the various collectors mentioned in that list and would certainly have been found if it had been there. —FRED RHODES, Art Museum, Brad- ford, 2oth August 1902. SSS NOTES on LINCOLNSHIRE MOLLUSCA. Cyclostoma at Oxcombe, Linc. N.—Four dead specimens of Cyclostoma elegans were found by Mr. H. W. Burchnall and the writer on 4th August in Jericho Plantation, Oxcombe, and Farforth Valley, Div. 10 North.—C. S. CARTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 14th August 1902. Pisidium subtruncatum near Louth, Linc. N.—Among the mollusca taken from a large pond, in boulder clay, near Haugham, Div. 8 S., on 4th August, was a Pistdium, which I have since submitted to Mr. J. W. Taylor, who says it is rather uncertain, but that he was inclined to refer it to Pisidium subtruncatum of Malm, which is perhaps properly regarded as a form of P. fontinale. Other specimens obtained were :—One P. milium, one Planorbis nautileus, three Pl. albus, and several fine examples of Limnea stagnalis.—C. S. CARTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 14th Aug. 1902. Agriolimax agrestis Devouring Earthworms.—On Saturday, 14th June, when journeying along Horncastle Road, Louth, my attention was attracted to an Agriolimax agrestis apparently devouring an earthworm, the worm being about three inches in length. As I had always thought this slug was exclusively herbivorous, I was in doubt whether it was really devouring the poor creature, but after watching it through my lens for a little time, I no longer had any doubt, for by this time it had eaten some portion of its victim’s posterior end. The worm was in a semi-helpless condition, and made one or two attempts to get away. On the next day and on the same road, but about a mile further, I found another devouring a portion of an earthworm. This worm had apparently been crushed to death by some pedestrian, as other portions were lying close by. To-day, when looking at some molluscs I have in captivity, I found Hyalinia cellaria devouring Helix rufescens, and it had already disposed of a considerable portion of the Helzx.—C. S. CARTER, 8, Bridge Street, Louth, 16th June 1902. ee ee a NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. The pith of the Wild Birds Protection Act, 1902, which has just been passed by Parliament, is as follows :—‘ Where any person is convicted of an offence against the Wild Birds Protection Acts, 1880 to 1896, the Court may, in addition to any penalty that may therein be imposed, order any wild bird, or wild bird’s egg, in respect of which the offence had been committed, to be forfeited and disposed of as the Court shall think fit.’ To which we would add an expression of a hope that it will always be strictly enforced, and that any such specimens, if of value, shall be presented to such national or municipal museums as are willing to display it permanently. It would be a pity that useful specimens should be destroyed, while the en- forcement against the offender would go far to prevent similar destruction. Naturalist, 296 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT NORTH GRIMSTON. THOMAS SHEPPARD, F.G.S., Curator of the Municipal Museum at Hull: Secretary of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club, and of the Geological Section of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. THE 14th June was surely a well-chosen date for an examination of the fauna and flora of the East Yorkshire wolds, but in common with the absolute disregard which the Clerk of the Weather appears to have had for seasonable warmth and cold during the last twelve months, middle June was more like mid- April, and cold winds and sharp showers prevailed. Immediately preceding the 14th there had been much rain, and even on the early morning of that date threatening clouds hung overhead, and probably had some influence on keeping some of the members away. Notwithstanding this, however, there was a very fair and representative attendance. On the previous occasion of the Union visiting this neigh- bourhood the members had the advantage of the guidance of Mr. S. Chadwick, who worked so well amongst the rocks and quarries, and did so much towards forming a museum at Malton. Mr. Chadwick is now in the Antipodes, and we were debarred the pleasure of his presence this year. The Rev. E. M. Cole, M.A., F.G.S., of Wetwang, another geologist and antiquarian, who probably knows the wolds as well as anyone, was to have conducted the geological section, but unfortunately was pre- vented at the last moment from attending. Mr. M. B. Slater, F.L.S., of Malton, a well-known figure at the Union’s field meetings, was on his native soil, a fact which rendered his presence even more welcome than usual, were such possible, and he was able to show the visitors many interesting places. The district around North Grimston is a particularly happy one for an excursion in which naturalists of so many different interests are taking part. On the hills around are numerous barrows and entrenchments and other evidences of the pre- historic inhabitants of the area, who two thousand years ago, and more, were ‘naturalists’ of necessity! Then the Romans knew the neighbourhood well, and had several ‘streets’ from various parts, all centring in an important Roman camp, now Malton. The chalk wolds, oolitic hills, dry valleys, and clayey flats not only afford a variety of material for the geologists to 1902 September 1. 2904. Sheppard: Yorkshire Naturalists at North Grimston. work at, but also provide the varying soils and diversity of natural features so welcome alike to the botanists, entomologists, and conchologists. The effect of the different subsoils upon the vegetation was most marked, and could readily be detected by those who had not the trained eye of the botanist. Lord Middleton’s well-kept park and gardens were also within the field of operations, and the botanists had the pleasure of seeing the beautiful fruit trees and flowers, and_also passed through an enormous number of glass houses, where all manner of luxuriant exotic plants flourished. The pond near the Hall was stocked with beautifully-marked Loch Leven trout, some of which were examined, thanks to the efforts of an angler, who was ably assisted in the operation of ‘landing’ his catches by a large retriever dog. The members conducted their investigations in three parties; the geological section, which commenced operations at Burdale Station, included Messrs. P. F. Kendall, F.G.S., J. W. Stather, F.G.S., E. Hawkesworth, and the senior Secretary of the section; the botanists, includine; Messrs.) M-> 1B: Slater aes mela Woodhead, F.L.S., C. Waterfall, and J. F. Robinson started at North Grimston Station, as did also the conchologists and ornithologists, including Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.5S., Rev. E. P. Blackburn, Mr. Kenneth MacLean, and Mr. A. White, E:Z3S)- Mir. Go i, Porritt; is Ss ncoresempcedmrmc entomologists. The different parties had a very profitable time, judging from the reports given at the meeting on the close of the day’s excur- sion. For Vertebrate Zoology, Mr. Kenneth MacLean, Secretary of the section, has provided the following notes :—The district is truly an interesting one to naturalists of all branches, and particularly so to those belonging to the vertebrate section. Although no very great rarity was seen, several of the birds observed might be considered fairly scarce, and were certainly very interesting. For instance, the Green Woodpecker was there, and its sharp beak had left marks on many of the trees. Several of its nesting-holes were also seen. One of these holes had been taken possession of by Starlings, a not infrequent occurrence. The Woodpeckers are said to use the same nesting- holes year after year, but in nine cases out of ten Mr. MacLean has noticed the holes appropriated by Starlings after the first year’s use. Starlings are known to be guilty of usurping not only the nesting-holes of Woodpeckers, but those of Swifts, Sparrows, Redstarts, etc. ; in many cases actually turning out the rightful Naturalist, Sheppard: Yorkshire Naturalists at North Grimston. 295 - occupants. The beautifully-constructed little nest of the Gold- crest was seen hung at the end of the Spruce branch, in which it had deposited eight tiny eggs. The Goldfinch was also seen during the day. The nests of the Wood Pigeon were very numerous, in some cases two or even three being in one tree. The pellets of the Tawny Owl were found and examined, but the bird itself was not seen. During the few hours at the disposal of the party 46 different kinds of birds were seen, about half of which were nesting; some of the old birds were sitting so closely that they almost allowed themselves to be handled. Many nests contained young birds, and several young were also seen on the wing. The following is a complete list of the birds seen :— Chiffchaff. Phylloscopus minor. Sedge Warbler. Acrocephalus phragmitis. Reed Warbler. Acrocephalus streperus. Blackbird. MZerula merula. Rook. TZzrypanocorax frugilegus. Carrion Crow. Corone corone. Jackdaw. Coleus monedula. Magpie. Pica pica. Starling. Sturnus vulgaris. Greenfinch. Ligurinus chloris. Turdus musicus. Chaffinch. /ringilla celebs. Goldfinch. Carduelis carduelis. Brown Linnet. Cannabina cannabina. House Sparrow. Passer domesticus. Reed Bunting. Amberiza scheniclus. Yellow Bunting. EAmberizacitrinella. Song Thrush. Mistle Thrush. Zurdus viscivorus. Redbreast: rithacus rubecula. Redstart. Ruticilla phenicurus. Whin Chat. Pratincola rubetra. Hedge Sparrow. Tharrhaleus modularis. Wren. House Martin. Sand Martin. Anorthura troglodytes. Chelidon urbica. Clivicola riparia. Corn Bunting. Miliaria miliaria. Sky Lark. Alauda arvensis. Pied Wagtail. Motacilla lugudris. Tree Pipit. Anthus trivialis. Swallow. Airundo rustica. Meadow Pipit. NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE COCCIDS. Lecanium capre@ var. genevense at LincoIn.—On the roth June 1902 I took on the Fossdyke, north side, in Lincoln, Div. 6 W., ona twig of Haw- thorn (Crategus oxyacantha)a Coccid which Mr. R. Newstead has determined to be Lecanium capree var. genevense 2? .—J. EARDLEY MASON, 42, Carholme Road, Lincoln, 25th June 1902. SN NOTES on COLEOPTERA. Ravages of Harpalus ruficornis in Holderness.—At a recent meeting of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club, Mr. J. Porter reported that at one or two localities in Holderness strawberries were being damaged by the ravages of Harpalus ruficornis. This beetle eats away the strawberries around the seeds, and disfigures them. —T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 31st July, 1902. Three Cumberland Longhorns.—This year I have taken both dsemum striatum L. and Pachyta octomaculata F. in this neighbourhood for the first time. Neither species is, apparently, common. A. striatum was found sitting on a cut fir pole, which was lying on Orton Common, near Carlisle, on 15th June. On the same day, but on the other side of the woods, Saperda popuinea L. was about in fair numbers. Had the afternoon been bright, instead of dull, Saferda would have been much more in evidence, as it flies freely when the sun is shining. I first found this beetle abundantly in this same place on 11th June 1899. In 1900 it was never seen, so that evidently it takes two years to complete its metamorphosis. A single specimen of Pachyta octomaculata Fab. was taken by me in Gelt Woods, near to where the Hell Beck joins the Gelt, on 27th July last. It was sitang on a head of Hemlock in the bright afternoon sunshine.—JAs. MURRAY, 11, Close Street, Carlisle, 11th November rgot. 1902 September 1. G2 O iis) NOTES on YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Nemotois fasciellus at Medge Hall: an Addition to the York- shire List of Lepidoptera.—On Monday, 4th August 1902, I found Nemotois fasciellus F. (=schiffermillerella Schif.) at Medge Hall, near Thorne. Its distribution in England, according to Meyrick, is ‘ Kent, Suffolk, Cambridge, local.’ This leaves a large hiatus from Cambridge to Yorkshire, where no doubt the insect occurs, but has not been recorded.— H. H. CorBeEtT, 9, Priory Place, Doncaster, 15th August 1902. Vivat Melanargia galatea!—Having been informed by a friend of a choice locality where this insect—the Marbled White Butterfly—still occurs in our own county of York, I had the great pleasure of visiting this place a few days ago, when I saw about thirty on the wing. I am not at liberty to divulge the exact locality, but for those desirous of information I may add that the place is within an easy ride from the ancient city of York.—REGINALD H. BARKER, Grosvenor Bank, Scar- borough, 14th August 1902. So ee NOTE on FLOWERING PLANTS. Marsh Helleborine in Mid-Cheshire.—During the last week of July I found the Marsh Helleborine (Zfzpactis palustris) flowering in profusion in one part of Knutsford Moor, the low-lying morass at the head of Tatton Mere, between the town of Knutsford and the railway. Associated with it were the Fragrant Orchis (Gymnadenia conopsea), the Twayblade (Listera ovata), the Spotted Orchis (Orchis maculata), and such marsh-loving plants as Drosera rotundifolia, Pedicularis palustris, Menyanthes trifoliata, and Comarum palustre—the ‘ Pit Strawberry’ of the Cheshire country folk. The Marsh Helleborine was recorded from Knutsford Moor in the third edition of Withering’s ‘Botanical Arrangement of British Plants’ (1796) on the authority of A. Aitkin, of Warrington, but it does not appear to have been noticed there by more recent Cheshire botanists, and Lord de Tabley (‘Flora of Cheshire,’ p. 303) doubted its occurrence. Mr. Charles Bailey has kindly confirmed my determination of the species. —CHas. OLDHAM, Knutsford, 5th August 1902. Se, + NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. The inhabitants of Withernsea and other Holderness villages are greatly concerned about their water supply. Water from borings in the Boulder Clay is not the most satisfactory, and a suggestion that a supply should be obtained from the Wolds is now being considered. See The Transactions of the East Riding Antiquarian Society, for 1go1, just issued to the members, contains a paper ‘On an Ancient Model of a Boat and Warrior Crew, from Roos Carrs, near Withernsea,’ by Thomas Sheppard, F.G.S., who considers the curious relic to be of Scandinavian origin and pre-Viking age. The same volume also contains a paper by the Rev. C. V. Collier, F.S.A., on ‘Further Notes from Old Burlington.’ In the Churchwardens’ accounts for 1669, quoted in this paper, an amount of 4d. is recorded as paid to ‘ Francis Harison’ for a ‘ Fowmart head.’ —— -@ PRICE SIXPENCE NET. BY POST SEVENPENCE. Annual Subscription 6s. 6d. post free; through Booksellers, 6s. Net. WATKINS & DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Apparatus and Cabinets. feos a: ‘ BUTTERFLY NETS, 1s. 3d., 2s., 4s. STORE BOXES and INSECT CASES, % COLLECTING BOXES, 6d., 9d., is. 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., 4s., 5s. q NESTED CHIP BOXES, 4 doz. 7d. 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This. will not prevent reproduction of any article on leave being expressly obtained from the Editor, and full acknowledg- ments given. NOMENCLATURE RULES.—The Nomenclature adopted in ‘The Naturalist’ will be —as far as possible—in accordance with the latest standard list or monograph, with such alterations as are necessary to see the name into accordance with the strict law of priority. CAPITALISATION OF SPECIFIC NAMES.—Hitherto the rule of ‘The Naturalist ’ has been the Zoological one, that specific names shall invariably commence with a small jetter, never with capitals. Henceforth this rule will still apply te all Zoological names, but in deference to the wishes of our botanical contributors the specific names of plants will conform in this respect to the standard catalogue or monograph in each branch of botany. BOOKS RECEIVED. Birmingham N.H.& Phil. Soc.—Proc., Vol. 11, Pt. 2, Session 1901. _[Society. Chester Society of Nat. Science.—3rst Annual Report, for 1901-2. [The Society. Missouri Botanic Garden.—13th Annual Report for 1901. |W. Trelease, Director. Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Soc.—Trans., Vol. 7, Part 3, 1901-2. [Society. Manchester Geol. Society.—Trans., Vol.-27, Part 10, Sept. 1902. [The Society. Knowledge, Vol. 25, Nos. 200-3, June-Sept. 1902. {[H. F. Witherby, Ed., London. Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, No. 383, Septembre igoz. {Mons. Adrien Dollfuss. Naturz Novitates, 1902, Nos. 12-16, Juni-August. | Fried]J4nder & Sohn, Publishers. Revue Bryologique, 29 Année, 1902, No. 5, 23° Septembre. [M. T..Husnot, Cahan. American Monthly Micro. Journ., No. 270, for June 1go2. [C. W. Smiley, Publ. Hull Museum Publications, No. 10, July 1902. [The Museum. Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Society.—Journal, Vol. 11, No. 88, Dec. 1901. [Soe. Boston Society of Nat. History.—Index to Proceedings, Vol. 29. [Society. Geological Magazine, N.S., Dec. 4, Vol. 9, No. 458, for August 1902. Hobbies, Vol. 13, Nos. 359-362, 30th Aug. to 2zoth Sept. 1902. {The Publishers. Entomologists’ Record, Vol. 14, No. 9, 15th September 1902. [J. W. Tutt, Editor. Zoologist, 4th Series, Vol. 6, No. 735, 15th Sept. 1902. [West, Newman & Co., Publ. Naturalists’ Journal, Vol. 11, No. 123, Sept. :902. [Charles Mosley, Publisher. Nautilus, Vol. 16, No. 5, for September 1902. [H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors. Psyche: Journ. of Entom., No. 317, for Sept. 1902. [Cambridge Ent. Club, U.S.A. irish Naturalist, Vol. 11, No. 9, for September 1902. [The Editors, Dublin. Nature Notes, Vol. 13, No. 153. for September 1902. [Selborne Society, London. Commons and Footpaths Preservation Society.—Accounts for :899-1901. [Society. Aquila, redact. Otto Herman, Jahrg . 9, 1902, gto. [Magyar Ornith. K6zp. Kiad. Charles L. Hett.—A Glossary of Popular Names of British Birds, 1902. [Author. K. F. Koehler’s Antiquariatskatalog, No. 555, Evertebrata, 1902. [ Publishers. British Association, Belfast.—Various Papers, etc. {[T. Sheppard. Brown’s Pocket Map of Geology and Flora of East Riding. [ Publisher. john Lee.—Geology of the Great Whin Sill, 1902. { Author. Sowerby and Fulton.—Catalogue (with prices) of Recent Shells, 1902. [Publishers. R. W. Goulding.—-Martin Lister, M.D., F.R.S., 8vo. reprint. [ Author. Rd. W. Goulding.—Christian Frederick Esperger, 8vo. reprint, 1902. | Author. Chas. Hedley. Mollusca of Sos eee H.M.S. SS 19 | Author. LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt. SrecOND SERIES now ready, post free Is. 2d.; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE MIDDLETON, Ambleside. Birds of the Isle of Man.—Being engaged in the collection of material for a work on Manx Birds, I would gratefully receive and acknowledge informa- tion bearing on the subject, or references to books, periodicals, etc., in which such occur, and which may not have come under my notice.—P. RALFE, The Parade, Castletown, Isle of Man. 395 THE BROCKRAMS OF THE VALE OF EDEN AND THE EVIDENCE THEY AFFORD OF AN INTER-PERMIAN MOVEMENT OF THE PENNINE FAULTS. PERCY F. KENDALL, F.G.S., Leeds; President of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. THE writer has been engaged, during occasional visits to the Vale of Eden, in the study of the well-known Brockram Con- glomerates which form so conspicuous an element in the Poikilitic Series of the district. Tentative results obtained five or six years ago have been fully confirmed by later observations. It is perhaps as well, therefore, to put upon record a preliminary statement of views which have already obtained some currency by annual demonstrations in the field to scientific societies of the North of England. The stratigraphical relations of the Brockrams can be well studied in the almost continuous sections which are exposed between Hoff Beck, two miles west of Appleby, and Brackenber Common, three miles east of the town. The beds dip to north-east at about 20, and the succession exposed is as follows :— St. Bees Sandstone (Trias). (Shales and Sandstones. Magnesian Limestone. Upper Brockram, interbedded with and overlain by Penrith Sandstone. Penrith Sandstone. ( Lower Brockram. Carboniferous Rocks. The Lower Brockram forms a mural escarpment near Hoff Beck, and the nature of its constituents can conveniently be ‘studied in great clean faces of quarries, as well as in the natural exposures. In the course of several careful examina- tions of the pebbles it was found that they all, except some twenty or thirty at most, consisted of Carboniferous Limestone or Chert, the former well-rounded and frequently very fossil- iferous. Saccamina cartert was found in one. The stones ranged in size up to nearly a foot in diameter. The few exceptions mentioned above were Hematite, Sard- stone, and ten or twelve small pebbles of Vein-quartz, such as ‘might be found in the Millstone Grit, the Carboniferous Base- a =e & 4 s i) “Ay ‘1g02 October 1. : 306 Kendall: The Brockrams of the Vale of Eden. ment conglomerate, or, more remotely, as veins in the Skiddaw Slates. Recurrences of the same bed, presenting the same characters as regards the nature and source of the pebbles, are seen on the west bank of the Eden below Appleby, on Gallows Hill, and at Hungriggs Quarry, east of Appleby. At the last two localities the pebbles have been very extensively dolomitised evidently subsequently to deposition, for the pebbles have in many cases been reduced to a mere shell, usually lined with crystals of dolomite. The same aspect of the Lower Brockram is presented in the exposures at Stenkreth (Kirkby Stephen) and in several quarries to the northward of Hungriggs. It can be seen from these facts that for a distance of ten or twelve miles along the strike, and for over two miles on the dip, the character of the pebbles in the Lower Brockram undergoes no change. The Penrith Sandstone about Appleby attains to a thickness of probably a thousand feet, but no exact estimate is possible owing to the occurrence of a large number of faults of unknown throw. Near its upper boundary numerous incalations of the Upper Brockram conglomerate occur, especially in the section in Hilton Beck. The Upper Brockram in this section consists of a rather friable conglomerate in beds of a foot or two in thickness, parted by beds of sandstone from a few inches up to thirty or forty feet thick. The constituent pebbles are partly of Carbon- iferous Limestone, very soft and much dolomitised, but other elements frequently preponderate. These are well-rounded pebbles of Vein-quartz, angular pebbles and blocks of quartzite, fragments of conglomerate containing Vein-quartz in a quartzite matrix, and finally pebbles of Rhyolite. At other exposures to the northward, as at Crackenthorpe, the same characters recur. The source of the different pebbles may now be considered. The limestones are, of course, from the lower part of the Carboniferous series—they present no peculiar features; the pebbles of Vein-quartz are clearly derived from the numerous quartz veins in the Skiddaw Slate of the Cross Fell Inlier, but their thoroughly rounded condition shows that they must have come at an intermediate stage through some pre-Permian Con- glomerate. This conclusion is confirmed by the occurrence of fragments of a conglomerate containing such pebbles, which is recognisable as the very characteristic Basement Carboniferous conglomerate of the Cross Fell Range. The angular blocks of Naturalist, Kendall: The Brockrams of the Vale of Eden. 307 quartzite can be matched precisely by the rocks which succeed the Basement conglomerate on Roman Fell. At one time the writer regarded the Rhyolites as indisputable evidence of the exposure of the Borrowdale rocks of the Cross Fell Inlier to denudation during Permian times, but, while this still seems to be the most probable explanation of their presence in the Upper Brockram, it is possible that they could have been derived from the Carboniferous Basement conglomerate in which, at Swindale Beck, a few such pebbles occur. Setting aside the Rhyolite pebbles, there is still a body of evidence which seems to warrant deductions of very great interest. The facts to be explained are—the occurrence in the Lower Brockram of a practically pure gathering of Carboniferous Limestone, while the Upper Brockram contains a very high percentage of rocks from the very base of the Carboniferous Series. They might be explained on the supposition of deriva- tion from opposite sides of the Vale of Eden, the Lower Brockram being supposed to come from the Carboniferous Limestone out- crop towards Orton, while the Upper Brockram was derived from the Pennine Range. This view has little to commend it. If the Carboniferous Basement conglomerate was exposed to denudation during the deposition of the Upper Brockram, then the Carboniferous Limestone must have formed a bold and lofty escarpment at the same time, and, that being granted, it is highly improbable that it failed to yield the materials of the Lower Brockram, which at Hungrigg’s is less than three miles from the Outer Pennine Fault, which exposed a scarp of Carboniferous Rocks in Permian times. Upon the alternative, and, as it seems, preferable hypothesis, that the materials of the two Brockrams were all derived from the Pennine Chain, an inter- Permian movement of the faults which threw up the Cross Fell Range and the well-known Inlier seems necessary. Professor Lapworth has pointed out that when an anticlinal fold is exposed to denudation the derivative beds will consist of the same material as those of the anticline, but in reverse order. The uppermost beds of the anticline will yield the pebbles in the lowest of the derivative beds, while the core of the anticline will be represented only in the highest of the ‘derivative beds. This principle may be illustrated by the Tertiary Beds of the south-east of England: the Lower Eocene Conglomerates contain only flint pebbles from the Chalk, while the high-level gravels which rest on the Bagshot series contain, besides flints, many pebbles derived from the Lower Greensand. 1902 October 1. 308 ~ ~Varitous Short Notes. Where, however, the exposure is by a fault scarp the whole of the beds exposed in the scarp will contribute to the first- formed derivative Conglomerates. The absence of detritus of the: Basement Carboniferous from the Lower Brockram shows that the Basement Beds were not exposed in early Permian times, but that a movement of the fault exceeding the thickness of the Penrith Sandstone brought the lowest members of the Carboniferous Series above the surface at the time of the deposition of the Upper Brockram. Bis Ne availa , NOTES on YORKSHIRE BIRDS. Little Stint near the Spurn, Yorkshire.—A Little Stint (Lzmonztes minuta) Was seen here on the 2nd inst.—PuHiLip W. LOTEN, Easington, 13th September 1902. White-headed Variety of Guillemot at Speeton.—A white-headed variety of the Guillemot (Lomvza trotle) was seen at Speeton in July.— T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 31st July 1902. Curious Nesting-place of a Wren at Winestead, Holderness.— A Wren (Anorthura troglodytes) has recently nested and brought off its brood in the deeayed carcass of a Carrion Crow, which was hung, together with Stoats, Weasels, and other ‘ vermin,’ comprising a gamekeeper’s hoard at Winestead, in Holderness. After the Crow had been hung up some time nothing remained but the feathers and bone, inside which a Wren built its nest.—T. SHEPPARD, Municipal Museum, Hull, 5th July 1902. Aibino Swallow and Swift near Bradford, Yorkshire.—During the first two weeks in August an albino Swallow (Hzrundo rustica) has frequented a place near Bradford, and, from the general appearance and flight, evidently was a young bird. ~ Jt would be interesting to ascertain the cause of this albinism. There is no doubt the present season has been a fatal time for small birds. During the time the Swallows made their appearance frosty mornings were of frequent occurrence, this state having been repeated more or less through- out, and it is quite possible that the absence of pigmented corpuscles may be due to malnutrition caused by the disorganisation of the digestive apparatus, in this or its parents, consequent on the disturbance in the food supply from the cause alluded to. In my opinion the albinism was not analogous to an albino Blackbird or the white in a pied Blackbird, because apparently in normal seasons Blackbirds of the pied variety—or at any rate birds with a sprinkling of. white feathers—are by no means rare, and may, for anything we know, be the initial steps for ultimately establishing a new species, similar to what we see in the Ring Ouzel. I should be pleased to learn if any readers of ‘The Naturalist’ have observed any albino Swallows elsewhere, and, if so, to record them, in order to see if there is any relationship between the present abnormal season and the appearance of albinos. In addition to the above I have heard of an albino Swift (Cypselus apus) having been seen in the neighbourhood, but I have had no satisfactory con- firmation.—ROSSE BUTTERFIELD, Wilsden, Bradford, 23rd August 1902. oR SSS NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. On the 4th of August, 1902, the memorial to the late Canon H. E, Maddock, M.A., F.G.S., was dedicated at Patrington. It consisted of a new groining in the north aisle of the nave. Canon Maddock was known to the readers of this journal, and was deeply interested in the geology and botany of East Yorkshire. Naturalist, 399 THE HAZEL (CORYLUS AVELLANA). P.O: KEEGAN; LED, Patterdale, Westmorland. It may be owned and said that the Hazel bush or a small shrubbery of Hazel bushes is specially attractive to the juvenile spirit. The quite peculiar and eminently remarkable tufted and, so to speak, ‘concentrated’ manner in which it throws out its branches and shoots coupled with the lavish vestiture of its foliage, not to mention the edible quality of the fructification, contribute a spectacle which no young eye may overlook. Natural steeps, or damp hollows seamed by a bubbling beck, somehow acquire aspects of picturesqueness and witchery from a copse- wood of Hazels. I propose, therefore, as a memorial of old days, to present a brief structural and physiological account of this interesting shrub, passing in successive review the axial organs (stem, root, etc.), the foliar organs (leaves), and the reproductive organs (flower, fruit). STEM AND Root.—The wood is oaly of medium hardness and weight (specific gravity 0°62 to 0°73), compact, homo- geneous, with regularly circular growth, uniformly white, and with no distinction between alburnum and duramen save where, in oldish specimens, a physiological alteration or tannic de- generation attacks the central part, which then turns brownish- ted. The medullary rays (macro) are seemingly of unequal size —-some very thin, the others very thick and sparser, but (micro) really formed of very thin rays alternating with narrow plates (sometimes only one plate) of fibrous tissues free from vessels (false rays); the vessels are apparently equal and hardly larger or more numerous in the inner (spring) wood than in the outer (autumn) wood of the annual ring, are either isolated or in radial files of 2 to 12, and have simple pits and no scalariform thickening ; the fibres are the predominant element of the wood and have very thick walls, and are associated with parenchyma describing very fine and indistinct concentric zones; the annual rings are sharply defined by the interposition between them of a thin layer of closely appressed fibres. In the bark there is next the wood a close-set medley of thin-walled parenchyma and sieve-tubes, traversed by very fine, nearly straight medullary rays; outwards some large stone- cells (scleroblasts) occur with large crystals, and a single bundle of stoutish fibres surrounds the whole vascular bundle in a ring; a collenchyma and a phello- derm are found within the periderm, which latter, in the young 1902 October 1. 310 Keegan: The Flazel (Corylus avellana). twigs, consists at first of wide, yellowish, thin-walled cells, but later on a series of brown flat-celled layers alternate with these, and the former, being soft, burst, peel off in shreds, and remain as a sort of débris on the exterior of the older shoots; so that the bark of the branches eventually becomes of a brown-red shade streaked with abundant lenticels, finally becoming smooth and silvery grey, but it is only at the base of the trunk of a very old tree that a secondary periderm (rhytidome) is ever developed furrowed and scaly. The wood contains much starch all the year round, also free phloroglucin, coniferin, and a little tannin ; the vessels are rich in glucose in summer and winter; in October and throughout the winter the central pith is quite devoid of starch, and by mid November the starch also vanishes from the bark until the ensuing March, when it reappears preparatory to the unfolding of the leaf-buds. The bark contains about 1 per cent. wax, fat, etc., a trace of carotin, 5 resin, mearly 3° tanuin, also free phloroglucin, glucose, and mucilage, and 6°6 ash in dry, which in May contains 12°5 per cent. alkaline salts, 5 silica, 40 lime, 4°5 magnesia, and 2°7 P?O*. The wood yields o'5 per cent. of ash which in May contains 24°5 per cent. soluble alkalies, 14 potass, 4°6 silica, 25 lime, 8°5 magnesia, and 10°4 P*O’. There is much iron in the bark, and much manganese in the wood; in fact, the whole tree absorbs a large amount of the heavier minerals of the soil. No powerful vigour or redundancy of growth is allotted to the Hazel. Its principal stem consum- mates, so to speak, when it has attained a certain height, and becomes replaced by straight, slender, very elongated shoots, which evolve from the stock or from the roots (suckers). At first the rooting apparatus is represented by a straight pivot root clothed abundantly with hairs; in about three years’ time this ceases to lengthen, and lateral roots are now developed therefrom, one of which later on takes the lead, and is prolonged far below the soil, while still retaining throughout nearly its whole length an equal diameter. It is this remarkable capacity of shooting by suckers that occasions the characteristic ‘ con- centrated’ growth. According to Leipzig, the dry root yields 3°27 per cent. of ash which contains only 8°6 per cent. soluble salts. Leaves. —The mesophyll is composed of two layers of pali- sade cells occupying about half its thickness, and a very open lacunar tissue with large granules of chlorophyll (heliophily) ; the upper epidermis is clothed with long soft hairs, there is no hypoderm beneath it, and the lower epidermis is hairy also in Naturalist, Keegan: The Hazel (Corylus avellana). 211 e] youth, and has when mature about 150 stomata per square millimetre; the vascular bundle system of the lamina is closed (not open as in Birch). This structure indicates a considerable protective safeguarding against excessive transpiration, rather than great assimilatory energy ; and the leaf being rather thick it absorbs much heat. The voung leaf contains a considerable amount of carotin, with moderate amounts of wax, fat, and resin, which remain throughout most of the life of the organ. Rutin is present with a benzene group not detectable in allied genera, and the tannin amounts to about 5 per cent. in autumn. Free phloroglucin occurs in nearly all the epidermal cells and in the mesophyll. A special feature is the presence of inosite. At the end of July—the period of mature development of the leaf— it contains in dry about 14°5 per cent. albumenoids, 65°8 non- nitrogenous matter, 14°5 fibre, and 6°3 ash. The ash presents some remarkable features. The proportion of soluble salts therein is comparatively small (about 30 per cent. at most). At the end of July there is 18 per cent. soluble salts, 4:2 silica, 30°4 lime, 7 magnesia, 4°5 SO* and 7°7 P?O’; iron and man- ganese are present in some cases in considerable quantity ; in the autumn the silica rises to about 15 per cent., and the phosphorus sinks to 3°9 P?O*. This composition clearly indi- cates a sparse production of carbohydrates, and forsooth this is a palpable feature in the analysis of the leaves, and is doubtless incidentally connected with the powerful evolution of fatty matters in the seed. FLOWER AND Fruit.—The Hazel is the most precocious of all our flowers of the forest. The bracteal scale of the male catkin is clothed with hairs, and its epidermal cells have infolded walls. The ovary encloses two loculi with one ovule in each, and is surmounted by two long styles of a purple-red colour. The nut is a one-seeded achene resulting by abortion from the bilocular ovary. Its pericarp is composed of an epidermis studded with fine hairs, below which a layer of roundish cells occurs with moderately thin walls arranged tangentially ; these cells gradually give way to large oblong radially disposed cells with very stout walls pierced by numerous very fine pore canals, while towards the interior the thickening of the wall is so augmented that finally nothing is left but an almost solid mass with merely a very small cavity within. The hard, dry, tooth-cracking nut is, therefore, constructed of a highly lignified cellulosic skeleton or framework, not strengthened by anv serious intermixture of mineral matters, but solely the result "1902 October 1. 312 Keegan: The Hazel (Corylus avellana). of a highly advanced stage of deassimilation. In its growing period the pericarp encloses a very large quantity of tannin, which aids or is used up in the process of lignification (the lignin constitutes 14 or 15°7 per cent. of the sclerous tissue). The kernel (seed) possesses an oily endosperm only slightly developed, but has thick tuberous cotyledons containing aleurone and oil, but no starch whatever at any period of their growth or existence. At the time of pollination there is not the faintest sign of a placenta or of ovules, hence the pollen must possess an enormous stimulus-energy and demand abundant pabulum for the performance of its function. The pollen contains 9 per cent. of water, and dried has 4°8 nitrogen, 31°6 albumenoids, 64°3 non-nitrogenous matter (4 fat acids, 7 to 8 cane-sugar, O°l, vermine, 5 starch, 3 cuticle, etc.), and) 4 asia sine male catkin in January yields 2°17 per cent. of ash in fresh which has 4°58 per cent. phosphorus (in March, 4 phosphorus and 2°4 sulphur). The kernel contains about 48 per cent. of water and 62°6 oil, and the dry substance has 16 per cent. albumenoids, 67 oil (55 by pressure), 21 carbohydrates, 4°8 fibre, and 2°8 ash. The oil is slow-drying, inodorous, of a mild taste, specific gravity 0916, of 1°468 refractive index, congeals at -19 C, con- sists chiefly of olein with a very small quantity of palmitin, and gives with nitric acid a greenish, with sulphuric acid a bluish- green and gray colour. The principal albumenoid of the seed is a heavy snow-white powder insoluble in water, but is easily dissolved by salt solution, and yields with HCl a splendid violet-blue colour. Aleurone grains, globoids, and crystals are observed in the celis along with the droplets of fat-oil, which first appear visible only at the time when the reserve albumenoids are deposited in notable quantity by the action of the protoplasm which for this purpose utilises the sugars of the seed as a powerful respiratory stimulus and material. The distinctive feature is that the aleurone and oil are organised without any production of starch. Once upon a time about Holy Rood Day (14th September) I undertook the troublesome task of incinerat- ing the fresh nuts divested of their leafy wrappers. The ash amounted to 0°53 per cent., and contained 36°5 per cent. soluble salts, 25°7 potass and soda, 1°6 silica, 15°2 lime, 8°6 magnesia, 6°2 phosphorus, and 2°2 sulphur. SUMMARY.—It may be gathered from the foregoing recount that the Hazel presents many features of interest. It is helio- philous, i.e., it depends on light for the full development of its foliage, which at best is never, redundant—the light within its Naturalist, Northern Notes and News. 3213 deepest covert being about one-third the intensity of that in the open (that of its ally the Hornbeam being only one fifty-eighth). The peculiar structure of its wood and leaves, the feebleness of their conducting and transpiring elements, the extraordinary inflorescence and the functions of the pollen grains, the powerful amassment of oil in the seed and the thoroughgoing lignification of the pericarp, the wide extension and food-searching efficacy of the root system—all these are worthy of special study and consideration. The crowning feature, with which all the rest are connected, is the plethora of oil in the seed produced and evolved by the protoplasm without the aid of starch—a circum- stance which allies it physiologically with the Hornbeam and Walnut, and separates it unequivocally from the Beech, Oak, and Spanish Chestnut. a NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. Although the meeting of the British Association this year was held in Belfast, many matters relating to the northern counties were brought before the members, principally, however, in Section C (Geology). It was particularly gratifying to find how deeply indebted several committees of research were to the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and to Yorkshire workers. The Erratic Blocks’ Committee’s Report, for example, consisted entirely of records supplied by the Yorkshire Boulder Committee and the Belfast Society. Professor Watts referred to the great assistance given to the Geological Photographs’ Committee by Yorkshire geologists. The Report of the Committee on the Movements of Underground Waters of North-West Yorkshire dealt, naturally, with work in our largest County, whilst the ground covered by the Committee for studying Life-Zones in the British Carboniferous Rocks is largely situated in northern England. ——_o<>¢—__ Two new Committees were formed at the Belfast meeting for conducting geological work. The first, with Professor Herdman as Chairman and Mr. J. Lomas as Secretary, is to study the Fauna and Flora of British Trias. The second is to make a thorough examination, by borings, etc., of the deposits at Kirmington, Lincolnshire, which may be of pre-Glacial age. This Committee consists of Mr. G. W. Lamplugh (Chairman), Messrs. C. Reid, F. W. Harmer, Thomas Sheppard, and J. W. Stather (Secretary). aS ‘In addition to the reports of committees already referred to, the follow- ing papers, bearing on the geology of the northern counties, were read in Section C:—‘On the Brockrams of the Vale of Eden, and the Evidence they afford of an inter-Permian Movement of the Pennine Faults,’ by P. F. Kendall; “The Fossil Flora of the Cumberland Coal Field,’ by E. A. Newell Arber. The first of these appears in this number of ‘The Naturalist. ————o + ———____ NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. Resuming our notes on the Belfast meeting of the British Association, another item of interest to north country geologists was mentioned in connection with a discussion on a paper dealing with the Permian Rocks of the Vale of Eden. It will be remembered that some time ago Mr. J. G. Goodchild described a striated boulder found by Mr. Atkinson in the Brockram. This was deposited in the Penrith Museum. The importance of this boulder was such that Mr. P. F. Kendall paid a special visit to the museum, and, together with the Curator, searched high and low for the specimen, but it was not to be found. This, as Mr. Kendall pointed out, was particularly unfortunate, as with the boulder was lost a// the evidence of a Permian glaciation in England ! ———o@o—__—_ In Section K (Botany) several papers dealing with the plants of the Coal-Measures were read. These were by Messrs. A. C. Seward, E. N. Arber, James Lomax, D. H. Scott, and Miss M. Benson. Oo In Section B (Chemistry) Mr. W. Ackroyd (Halifax) gave a paper on ‘The Telluric Distribution of the Elements in relation to their Atomic Weight,’ in which it was shown that, as a rule, the rarity of an element increases with atomic weight. -0<>-9 At the Meetings of Delegates from Corresponding Societies various suggestions were brought forward by the representatives of different sec- ctions, as to the manner in which the value of the work done by the field clubs might be increased. Some of the suggestions were useful, and might be adopted with advantage. Professor W. W. Watts, the Chairman of the Conference, hit upon the happy idea of inviting the delegates to an ‘at home,’ when probably much more was accomplished in an informal manner than was done at the official meetings. e+e Grants amounting to £960 were made for scientific purposes, the follow- ing being of interest to our readers:—Fauna and Flora of British Trias, £5; Erratic Blocks, £10; Underground Waters of North-West Yorkshire, £40; Life-Zones in British Carboniferous Rocks, 45; and Geological Photo- graphs, £10. ——_—_oe—__—_ Students of Palzeo-Botany will be pleased to learn that the eminent and long-continued services rendered to that branch of science by Mr. Robert Kidston, F.R.S.E., of Stirling, have been recognised by his election this year to the Fellowship of the Royal Society. ———o<+>-e—__—_ The date of the Annual Meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Hull, which had been intended for October, has now been fixed for Wednesday, 3rd December. The President, Mr. P. F. Kendall, F.G.S., will deliver an address on ‘ Problems in the Distribution of Animals and Plants.’ Every effort is being made by the local societies to ensure the success of the meeting. Special exhibits will be arranged for the benefit of the members, and it is hoped that there will be a good attendance. Naturalist, LATHYRUS OCHRUS: A NEW YORKSHIRE COLONIST. BARING DEES, Mak CaS. RC B.lomp., Leeds; Author of ‘The Flora of West Vorkshire.’ On originally-intended Coronation Day (26th June) fell to my friend Mr. Joseph F. Pickard the honour of finding and enabling me to name with certainty a new West Riding Colonist. I put it in this way because the plant in question had been observed in the spot where Mr. Pickard gathered it, in a young state as early as 1883, and reported to me as Lathyrus Aphaca. In absence of actual specimens this name was accepted by me, the calcareous subsoil being such as the ‘ Yellow Vetchling’ exclusively affects as an indigen, but in consonance with a prac- tice of (perhaps) over-caution, in 1887 I omitted to record it for the Wharfe river basin in my ‘ Flora of West Yorkshire.’ This ‘new’ Vetchling is Lathyrus Ochrus DC.—the Ochrus pallida of Persoon. It is an abundant Colonist in a large field of grain, sloping down to the north-west from Smaws Wood, 14% miles west of Tadcaster, south of the river and railway line. The Vetch has appeared hereabouts for fully thirty years, but not always in its entirety flowering and fruiting, by reason of the cutting of the crop. When young the plant has a very similar facies to Z. Aphaca, the leaf-like decurrent stipules (expansions from the stem) being either bi- or tri-fid, ending in capillaries, the central produced from the mid-rib. When older the petioles (still conspicuously decurrent) have one pair of pinne, with a third ovate leat-like prolongation with one or more tendrils at its apex, by which the plant holds on to adjacent vegetation. Full grown, the Vetch attains a height of nearly two feet. The flowers are axillary, solitary, on a brief pedicel, and of fair size, in colour a cream- yellow, papilionaceous and quite half an inch in length. From this soon proceeds a garden-pea-like pod, which, however, ts so markedly different from the other species of Lathyrus that Bauhin first described it as Ochrus—a genus to itself. This pod is made flat on the upper side (dorsum) by rectangular wing- expansion from the seed-bearing suture. Length of ripe pod, fully two inches, carrying three or four peas. From its long establishment here this Vetchling seems to merit more notice than is accorded to a casual alien. This 1 goz October 1. 316 Various Short Notes. annual is a native of the fields and hedges in the South of Europe, from Albania through Italy to Spain and central France. Of course, it must have been in the first instance introduced to the Tadcaster district, but this may quite con- ceivably date back to the Roman occupation. The reasons in support of this, as well as the occurrence in the district of Urtica pilulifera, cannot be enlarged upon here; but even as an ‘alien’ it is, I believe, new to England. —$——=> > >_ NOTES on FLOWERING PLANTS. Plants noted at Y.N.U. Excursion to Coxwold: a Correction. — In ‘The Naturalist,’ Sept. 1902, p. 278, line 4, for Rubus alpinus read Ribes alpinum, and line 7 from bottom for Primula elatior (Oxlip) read Primula vulgaris x veris.—T. W. WOODHEAD, Huddersfield, 11th September 1902. Silverdale Plants.—I was pleased to see in‘ The Naturalist’ for February a list of the plants of Silverdale, and as I spent a holiday there this summer I carefully took notes of what I saw. I found some plants not mentioned in the list. They may not all be strictly within the area, the boundaries of which I was not perfectly acquainted with, but they are all within what we might term almost speaking distance. Medicago sativa 1 found in 1900, and this year in a corn field near Cove House. Tilia parvifolia. Two fine trees at Wood Well. fippuris vulgaris. Waterslack. Parnassia palustris, recorded in the List as rather doubtful, I found above the large Tarn in plenty. Valeriana officinalis. Waterslack. Vinca major. On the rocks at Jenny Brown’s Point. An inhabitant told me it had been there to his knowledge for forty years, but no doubt an escape at some time. Stachys palustris. Waterslack. Teucrium chamedrys. Ina field on the green. Samolus valerandi. . Near Jenny Brown’s Point. Lonicera xylosteum is, I regret to see, cut down in the Eaves, also that Serratula tinctoria is gone from the back of the church. But my main object in writing is to correct an error respecting the shrub Cotoneaster vulgaris (integerrimus) of the list, which is really C. microphylla. I got specimens from the places named, both alike. I am confirmed in what I say by my friend Mr. J. F. Pickard, who has visited Silverdale since I was there, and I send this note, as it would be a pity for any ardent botanist to visit the place in search of C. vulgaris and not find it there.— Wo. KirRKBY, 5, Tanfield Place, Virginia Road, Leeds, 18th Sept. 1902. >< NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE FUNGI. Geaster fornicatus: a Correction.—In my note, ‘ Naturalist,’ Sep- tember, p. 288, line 4, for ‘sporidium’ read ‘exoperidium.’—W. FOWLER, Liversedge, 3rd September 1902. te NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. The fine series of eggs of the Great Auk collected by the late Mr. Champley, of Scarborough, which was exhibited to the members of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union on their visit to Scarborough a few years ago, has been acquired by Mr. Rowland Ward, of Piccadilly. Naturalist, 317 BIBLIOGRAPHY : Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History ae and Physical Features of the North of England. | GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1800. THE present instalment has been compiled and edited by THOMAS SHEPPARD, F.G.S. eaevione instalments of the Bibliography of Geology and Paleontology have appeared as follows :— For 1884, in ‘Naturalist,’ Dec. 1885, pp. 394-406. iy PESOS, a Nov. 1886, pp. 349-362. el SSO, ws June 1888, pp. 178-188. LOO]; ‘mn Feb, .1889, pp. 61-77. | on Tsterey Sy April-May 1890, pp. 121-138. 4) HESTON i Nov. 1890, pp. 339-350. #4, 1890, a Oct-Nov, 1891; pp, 313-330. LOO) Iy, He July-Aug. 1892, pp. 219-234. ee SO2. : Sept. 1893, pp. 265-270. 19 LSS a Sept.-Oct. 1898, pp. 273-206. me LSOA, ms March-April 1899, pp. 81-103. en tsos, i Oct.-Nov. 1899, pp. 305-324. 55 Meier aie June 1900, pp. 173-101. Be LOOT, ae Jan.-Feb. 1901, pp. 17-36. 1898, an Oct.-Nov. 1901, pp. 305-3 2 I ae to thank Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, P. bore tesa | Mr. Alfred Harker, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., for assistance. Particulars of papers, etc., omitted from the following list will be gladly received and included at the commencement of the 1900 Bibliography. Every effort will be made, however, to ensure these lists being as complete as possible. The lists for r900-1go1 are ready and will be published as soon as possible, and it would render them more complete if editors of periodicals, secretaries of societies, and especially ‘authors of papers in local journals, etc., would send copies to the editor of this journal at 259, Hyde Park Road, Leeds. Reprints and authors’ separate copies should bear the name of the publication, the number of the volume or part, the ov/gvna/ paging and the actual date of publication. As regards dating, we would suggest to editors and secre- taries that care be taken to give the actual date of publication on the wrapper of all parts of journals and transactions; there .ago2 October r. 318 Libliography: Geology and Puleontology, 1893-4-6. is often difficulty and uncertainty, and we might instance some Transactions as not even stating the year of publication of the various parts. Bibliographers would greatly appreciate attention to this point. The Watsonian vice-counties are adopted throughout these bibliographies as more convenient and uniform in extent than the political counties; those comprised within the North of England are the following :— 53) Lincoln S.; 54.) Lincoln N:;-56,) Notts: 3577 euby.. ascr Cheshire; 59, Lancashire S.; 60, Lancashire W.; 61, York S.E.; 62, York NE 5402, YorksS: We 64) W onke Vie Nh eoee Vio N.W.; 66, Durham; 67, Northumberland S.; 68, Cheviotland ; 69, Westmorland with Furness and Cartmel; 70, Cumberland; and 71, Isle of Man; with their adjoining seas. The use of the phrases ‘ Northern Counties,’ ‘ Lake District,’ ‘ Yorkshire,: etc:, implies that the, references! ane. vacue., o% general in their application; the phrase ‘All the Northern Counties’ implies that every vice-county is represented by definite mention; in all other cases the vice-counties referred to are named. 1893. AS EACROLX: YORK N.E. Les Enclaves des Roches Volcaniques [pp. 653, 654 and pl. 2, fig. 1; the demolition by fusion of a derived felspar crystal enclosed in the Cleveland dyke at Great Ayton]. Macon, 1893. NORTHD. S., DURHAM, YORK N.E., LANc. S. AND W., W. H. WHEELER. CHESH., Linc. N. AND S. Tidal Rivers, their (1) Hydraulics, (2) Improvement, (3) Navigation [investigating the motion of the water in an estuary, the formation of bars, the littoral drift, etc. ; the Tyne, Tees, Mersey, Dee, Ribble, and Witham considered]. Roy. 8vo., pp. vili. +467, 1893; London. 1894. HARRY SPEIGHT. YorRK MID W. Nidderdale and the Garden of the Nidd: a Yorkshire Rhineland [with incidental notes on the geology and physical features]. 8vo., pp. 514; London, 1894. 1896. GEORGE FREDERICK DEACON. LANc. S. [Geological Notes on] ‘‘ The Vyrnwy Works for the Water- Supply of Liverpool.” Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, Vol. 126, 1895-6, Part 4, pp. 24-67; discussion at pp. 68-125. GEORGE HENRY HILL. LAKE DISTRICT, LANC. S. ‘‘The Thirlmere Works for the Water-Supply of Manchester’’ [Geological Notes]. Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, Vol. 126, 1895-6, Part 4, pp. 2-23; discussion at pp. 68-125. EDWIN A. WALFORD. NORTHERN COUNTIES. On the Making of the Middle Lias Ironstone of the Midlands. Quart. Journ. Iron and Steel Inst., 1896 [not seen]. Naturalist, Bibliography: Geology and Paleontology, 1899. 319 be HENRY WOODs. NORTHERN COUNTIES. ementary | Palzontology | Invertebrate | by | Henry Woods Re = 7S Vicccond’edition, Cambridge: |. . | i806|. 1° C. J. WOODWARD. NORTHERN COUNTIES, ‘*Crystallography for Beginners.’’ London, 1896. Reviewed by ‘©A. H[arker].” in Mineral. Mag., May 1897, pp. 222-3. . 1899. ANON. [not signed]. NORTHERN COUNTIES. Home Office. | Mines and Quarries: | General Report and Statistics | For 1898. | Part I.—District Statistics. | Statistics of the Persons employed, output and | accidents at mines and quarries in the United | Kingdom, arranged according to the Inspection | Districts. . . | London (eee le8g99; ANON. [not signed]. NORTHERN COUNTIES. Home Office. | Mines and Quarries: | General Report and Statistics | for 1898. | Part Il.—Labour | General Report and Statistics relating to persons | employed and accidents at Mines and Quarries | in the United Kingdom, and to the enforcement | of the Mines and Quarries Acts. |. . | Koudon |; .|-. . |) 1809, pp. 49-113. ANON. [not signed]. NORTHERN COUNTIES. Eminent Living Geologists: Henry H. Howell, F.G.S., formerly Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain [with a Portrait (plate xxi); briefly refers to his work in the northern counties]. Geol. Mag., Oct. 1899, pp. 433-437- ANON. [not signed]. ISLE OF MAN. Report of the Geological Section (C) [of the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society ; contains a brief account of the work done on the island during the year]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, Vol. 3, Part 10, 1899, pp. 486-488. ANON. [not signed]. YorRK Mip W. Harrogate | as a | Health | Resort | Published by | The Corporation | 1899. [Pamphlet of 40 pp. ; contains particulars of the properties, etc., of the various Harrogate waters. | ANON. [not signed]. Lincs N. [Review of] . . . Memoirs of the Geological Survey of England and Wales. ‘‘ The Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and Weymouth.” By Aubrey Strahan, M.A., F.G.S..... London, 1898. [Compares the formations of the South of England with their equivalents in the North. | Geol. Mag., April 1899, pp. 167-173. ANON. [signed ‘Tom o’ Cronkley ’}. YorK N.E., N.W., DURHAM. The Geology of Upper Teesdale: a reply by Tom 0’ Cronkley, 1899 [not seen]. ANON. [not signed]. DURHAM. The Devil’s Spout [a blow-hole on the coast between South Shields and Marsden ; notice with reproduction of photograph]. Strand Mag., Feb. 1899, Vol. 17, p- 237: ANON. [not signed]. Linc. S. [Notice of] ‘‘ The Geology of the Borders of the Wash, including Boston and Hunstanton” [by W. Whitaker and G. W. Lamplugh]. Nature, 23rd March 1899, p. 492. ANON. [not signed]. LaNnc. S. The Lancashire Coalfield. Coll. Guard., Vol. 77, 1899, pp. 240, 304) 335) 381, and 488. 1go2 October 1. 320 Bibliography - Geology and Paleontology, 1899: ANON. [not signed]. YORK MID W. AND S.W. The Yorkshire Coalfield. Coll. Guard., Vol. 77, 1899, pp. 1183-1184 ; Vol. 78, 1899, pp. 44, 106. ANON. [not signed]. DURHAM. The Durham Coalfield. Coll. Guard., Vol. 78, 1899, pp. 539, 591, 634, 683-4, 748, 779-780, 830-1, 875-6, 925-6, 974-5, 1020, 1068-9, 1116-7, 1212-3. ANON. [not signed]. NORTHUMBERLAND S. The Northumberland Coalfield. Coll. Guard., Vol. 78, 1899, pp. 1162-3. W. ACKROYD. YORK S.W., Lanc. S., WESTMD., CUMBD. Researches on Moorland Waters. I. Acidity [In the case of the Halifax waters the acidity is low when the average gradient of the gathering ground is high, as the water drains. off the ground into the reservoir so rapidly that it dissolves much less acid from the peat]. Trans. Chemical Soc., 1899, pp. 196-200; Abstract in the Halifax Naturalist, June 1899, p. 36. | W. T. AVELINE. CUMBERLAND. The Geology of the Country around Carlisle [letter criticising Mr. Holmes’ Memoir]. Geol. Mag., July 1899, PP: 335-336. J. BARNES. See ‘W. F. Holroyd.’ b. AS BATHER: OR Kar: A Record of, and Index to, | the Literature of | Echinodermata | published during the year 1898, | with a few items from previous years. | Compiled by F, A. Bather. | Reprinted, . . . from the Zoological Record for 1898. London: 1899 [briefly refers (p. 41) to Mr. Lamplugh’s paper, in which Bourgueticrinus ? is recorded from the Yorkshire Chalk]. 73° PP: F. A. BATHER. CHESHIRE. Pebbie from the gravel at St. Margaret’s, Bowdon (Cheshire) [exhibited at a meeting of the Geological Society, and compared with the pyramid pebbles of the ‘diluvium’ of the North German plain]. Geol. Mag., July 1899, pp. 332-333: Jas. BEDFORD. IsLE OF Man. ‘‘ Flint Implements in the Isle-of-Man’’ [specimens from Peel described (mainly ‘ rejected contributions’); as no flint occurs in situ on the island, the cores were either collected from the gravel or brought from Ireland]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, p. 13. L. L. BELINFANTE [Editor ; not signed]. NORTHERN COUNTIES. Geological Literature | added to the | Geclogical Society’s Library | during the | year ended Decémber 31st, 1898. | . . | . . | London. | 1899. | L. L. BELINFANTE [edited by]. NORTHERN .COUNTIES. Abstracts | of | The Proceedings | of the | Geological Society of London. | Session 1898-1899. | Nos. 697-713. | London:|. .|. ~. | 1899. . | 128 pp. [Contains numerous abstracts of papers referring to the geology of the Northern Counties]. H. H. ARNOLD-BEMROSE. DERBYSHIRE. Geology of the Ashbourne and Buxton Branch of the London and North Western Railway: Ashbourne to Crake Low [sections in the Boulder Clay; Trias, Mountain Limestone, and Yoredale beds]. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. 55, May 1899, pp. 224-238 ; Abstracts in Nature, 19th Jan. 1899, p. 287, and Geol. Mag., Feb. 1899, pp. 91-92 ; also summary by Edward A. Martin in Sci. Goss., March 1899, p. 298. H. H. ARNOLD-BEMROSE. DERBYSHIRE. A Sketch of the Geology of the Lower Carboniferous Rocks of Derbyshire. With special reference to the Long Excursion [of the Naturalist, Bibliography : Geology and Paleontology, 1899. 22K Geologists’ Association] of 1899. Plates 3-7 [described under the heads of ‘Introduction, Local Rock Formations, Mountain Limestone (Main Inlier, Ashover Inlier, Crich Inlier, Kniveton Inlier, Caverns and Under- ground water, Lead and Lead Mining, and Metamorphic Limestone), Yoredale Rocks, Millstone Grit, Sands and Fire Clays, Glacial Drift, Calcareous Tufa and Warm Springs, Igneous Rocks, Petrography, and Nererences |) Proc. Geol. Assn:, Vol.’16, Part 4, Aug. 18099, pp. 165- 220. H. H. ARNOLD-BEMROSE. DERBYSHIRE, On a Sill and faulted Inlier in Tideswell Dale (Derbyshire) [endeavours to prove that the compact. dolerite in the marble-quarry in Tideswell Dale is really a sill, as suggested by Sir A. Geikie in his ‘Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain’]. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1899, pp- 239-249, with Map and Plates ; Abstracts in Nature, 30th March 1899, p-. 526, and Geol. Mag., May 1899, pp. 230-231. H. ARNOLD-BEMROSE AND WHEELTON HIND. DERBYSHIRE. Long Excursion to Derbyshire [describing the Lower Carboniferous Rocks, including the lead-mine at Mill Close, the Millstone Grit of Kinderscout, a fossiliferous quarry at Cavedale, the Blue John Mine, Miller's Dale and Tideswell Dale, the volcanic rocks in the Carboniferous at Tissington, etc.]. Proc. Geol. Assn., Nov. 1899, Vol. 16, pp. 221-225. H. H. ARNOLD BEMROSE. See ‘ Walcot Gibson’ and § Wheelton Hind.’ H. BOLTON. ISLE OF MAN. The Palaeontology of the Manx Slates of the Isle of Man. [Specimens of Dictyonema sociale and Dendrograptus flexuosus found in splintery masses of the Manx Slates, which indicates that ‘the strati- graphical position of the slates will be found ultimately to be either amongst the uppermost beds of the Cambrian system, or in the Arenig series’]. Manchester Memoirs, Vol. 43, 4th May 1899, No. 1, 15 pp. and one plate ; also issued as Notes from the Manchester Museum, No. 5, 1899. Wm. E. Brapy. YorK S.W. Preservation of the Royston Shap Granite Boulder [placed in Locke Park, Barnsley ; corrects the measurements given in a previous issue of ‘The Naturalist’]. Naturalist, April 1899, p. 124. A. J. JUKES-BROWN. See ‘W. Whitaker.’ F. M. BURTON. VORKIS | eINC a. Lincolnshire Coast Boulders [considers that the southerly tidal action is altogether inadequate to account for the presence of boulders on the flat sandy coast of Lincolnshire ; quotes from W. H. MW heeler and A. Atkinson in support of this view]. Naturalist, April 1899, pp. 105-111. F, M. BuRTON. York S-E:, Linc. N. Lincolnshire Coast Boulders [a further contribution on the subject]. Nat., Nov. 1899, pp. 325-329.- J. BURTON. YorRK S.W. Eskdale granite [at Balby, near Doncaster (in twelfth report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee)]. Naturalist, Jan. 1599, p- 15. J. BUTTERWORTH. LANC. S, Further Research on the Structure of Psaronius, a Tree-Fern of the Coal-Measures. Mem. and Proc. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc., Vol. 43, No. 2, 1899, pp. 1-8. J. W. C[ARR]. NOTTINGHAM. Edward Wilson, F.G.S. [Obituary Notice; his work on the geology of Nottingham briefly referred to]. Ann. Rep. Nott. Nat. Soc. for 1597-5, publ. 1899, pp. 21-23, with photograph. 1902 October 1. 322 Bibliography - Geology and Paleontology, 1899. JOHN T. CARRINGTON. YorK N.E. Meteorites [refers (p. 68) to the Meteorite which fell near Middlesbrough in 1881, which is now in the Newcastle Museum]. Sci. Goss., Aug. 1899, pp. 65-69; Sept. 1899, pp. 117-118. W. LOWER CARTER. YORKSHIRE. Excursions [of the Leeds Geological Association] in 1897 [briefly describes the various places visited]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, p. 33. W. G. CLARKE. YorRK N.E. ‘* Flint Jack’’: his Life-History [refers to Flint Jack’s work in Yorkshire, etc.]. Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc., Vol. 6, Part 5, 1898-9, publ. 1899, pp. 463-468 and three plates. FRANK CLOWES. DuRHAM, LANC. S., CHESHIRE, NOTTS. Deposition of Barium Sulphate as a Cementing Material of Sandstone [read to the Royal Society on 23rd February 1899; examples of sandstone containing sulphate of Barium occur at Bramcote and Stapleford, Notts.; Prenton and Bidston, Beeston, Alderley Edge, Oxton, Storeton, and Peakestones Rock, Alton]. Abstract in Nature, 16th March 1899, p. 476. E. MAULE. COLE. YORK N.E. AND S.E. The Distribution of Moorlands in the East of Yorkshire, as explained by the Glacial History of the County [suggests that the glaciers planed the rocks and left bare districts, which are now the moors|. Proc.. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt, Soc.,) Vol’ 124 Pani, 1609) Ppp. 400-401. J. CLORDEAUX]. YorK S.E. In Memoriam. Henry Bendelack Hewetson [briefly refers to geological work in the Spurn neighbourhood]. Naturalist, Aug. 1899, pp- 237-240. M. COSSMANN. NORTHUMBERLAND, YORKSHIRE, ETC. [Review of] A Monograph of the British Carboniferous Lamelli- branchiata. Part 3, by Wheelton Hind. Revue Critique de Paléozoologie, Oct. 1899, pp. 156-157. W. H. CROFTS. d MORK 65.5. Post-Archen (sic) Granite from Angermanland [at Easington (in Twelfth Report of Yorkshire Boulder Committee)]. Naturalist, Jan. 1899, ‘Oy US; H. CROWTHER. YORK N.E. ‘*The Yorkshire Esk’’ [describes the various strata met with in a journey from Whitby to the Esklets, nearly 30 miles inland]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, p. 8-10. SW. CURGRISS: YorK Mip W. Kingsdale and its Pot-Holes [gives a description of the geology of Whernside district and of descents of Jingling Pot, Rowten Pot, etc. ]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, pp. 33-35: S. W. CuTTRISs. YORK Mip W. Notes on the Caves of Yorkshire, Part II. [classifies them under the heads of Caves of Engulphment and Caves of Débouchure, and gives a further contribution to the study of the Limestone Caves of Yorkshire]. Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt. Soc., Vol. 13, Part 4, 1899, pp. 433-443, Plates 63-4 and plan. S. W. CUTTRISS. YORK MID W. ‘* Cave Hunting in Yorkshire’’ [describes the principal caverns of western Yorkshire]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, pp. 7-8. Naturalist, Bibliography: Geology and Paleontology, 1899. B28 ie R. DAKYNS. YORK MIp W. The Limestone Knolls of Craven [letter criticising J. E. Marr’s paper on this subject]. Geol. Mag., Dec. 1899, p. 573. J. R. Dakyns. YorK Mip W. The Limestone Knolls below Skipton and Grassington in Craven. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. 55, 1899, pp. 359-361 ; Abstracts in Proc. Geol. Soc., 1899, p. 89; Nature, 25th May 1899, p. 94; and Geol. Mag., June 1899, p. 281. CHARLES DAVISON. NORTHERN COUNTIES. The Hereford Earthquake of 1896 [an abstract from the author’s work on ‘ The Hereford Earthquake of 17th December 1896,’ Birmingham]. Knowledge, 1st June 1899, pp. 121-124. C. E. DERANCE. NORTHERN COUNTIES. Horizontal Thrusting in Joints, Mineral Veins and Faults in the North-West of England, etc. Trans. Inst. M.E., Vol. 14, 1899, pp. 415-426. C. E. DERANCE. NORTHERN COUNTIES. The Occurrence of Anhydrite in the North of England [borings]. Trans. Inst. M.E., Vol. 14, 1899, pp. 75-84. C. E. DERANCE. FURNESS. The Geology of Furness. Trans. Inst. M.E., Vol. 14, 1899, pp. 305-313, and Abstract in Coll. Guard., Vol. 78, 1899, p. 62. - JOSEPH DICKENSON. LANC. S., CHESHIRE, ETC. Subsidence caused by Colliery Workings [discussion on paper printed in a previous number]. Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., Vol. 26, Eagie2.. Pp. 50-31. JOSEPH DICKENSON [not signed]. LANC. S. Striated Boulder from Blackpool [from the clay near the Gynn, Blackpool, exhibited and described]. Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., Vol. 26, Part 5, 1899. WILFRID EDGECOMBE. YORK Mip W. Why People go to Spas [briefly refers to the properties of the Harrogate waters, etc.]. Nature, 31st Aug. 1899, Vol. 60, pp. 416-420. D. FORSYTH. NORTHERN COUNTIES. ‘©A Review of the Ice Age Question’’ [summarises the various theories which have been put forward to account for the superficial beds in Northern England]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, pp. 16-18. C. LE NEVE FOSTER. ALL NORTHERN COUNTIES. Home Office. | Mines and Quarries: | General Report and Statistics | for 1898. | Part II].—Output. | General Report and Statistics relating to the | output and value of the Minerals raised in | the United Kingdom, the amount and value | of the metals produced, and the exports | and imports of Minerals. | Edited by C. Le Neve Foster, D.Sc., F.R.S. eee. | London-|. : |. 1869, pp. 117-266. ANT. FRITSCH. LANC. S. Preliminary Note on Prolimulus Woodwardi, Fritsch, from the Permian Gaskohle at Nyran, Bohemia [amongst previously recorded Limuloid Crustaceans, Prestwichia Birtwelli H.Woodw. (1872) from the Coal Measures, Padiham, Lancashire, is mentioned]. Geol. Mag., Feb. 1899, PP- 57-59: | E. J. GARWOOD (Secretary). YorK Mip W. Life-Zones in the British Carboniferous Rocks.—Report of the Committee . . . [refers to the collection of valuable specimens from the shales in the Millstone Grit at Eccup, near Leeds]. Rep. Brit, Assn., 1898 (Bristol), publ. 1899, pp. 529-530: 1902 October tr. 324 Bibliography : Geology and Paleontology, 1899. ARCHIBALD GEIKIE [Director-General]. DERBYSHIRE, ISLE OF MAN, Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom for 1898 [with remarks by C. Fox-Strangways on the Triassic ‘Waterstones’ of Derbyshire and the drift of the Trent basin, and record by G. W. Lamplugh of a boring at the Point of Ayre traversing nearly 500 feet of drift and 422 feet of Keuper Marls with salt-bands]. Mem. Geol. Surv., publ. 1899, pp. 1-216 [135, 159, 167, 168]; see also Reviews in Nature, 21st Dec. 1899, pp. 181-183, and Geol. Mag., Nov. 1899, paszie JOHN GERRARD. Lance. S. An Outburst of Gas at Westleigh Colliery [in the Wigan 4-feet Mine, on 16th December 1898]. Trans. 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Cave Finds in Ribblesdale [describes the contents of a cavern discovered whilst blasting a limestone quarry near Moughton, Ingle- borough; list of remains given]. Naturalist, Jan. 1899, p. 32. ALFRED HARKER. CUMBERLAND, WESTMORLAND. On the Average Composition of British Igneous Rocks [briefly refers to the Lake District Rocks, as compared with those of the Malverns]. Geol. Mag., May 1899, pp. 220-222. ALFRED HARKER. CUMBERLAND, WESTMORLAND. Chemical Notes on Lake District Rocks. I. The Ordovician Volcanic Series [gives the silica-percentages of 60 Lake District lavas and tuffs, etc.; and also a large number of specific gravities of rocks which are not examined chemically ; contains a useful account of previous work on the same lines]. . Naturalist, Feb. 1899, pp. 53-58. ALFRED HARKER. CUMBERLAND, WESTMORLAND. Chemical Notes on Lake District Rocks. II. Intrusive and Sedimentary Rocks [a continuation of the work referred to above]. Naturalist, May 1899, pp. 149-154. 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Report Barrow Nat. Field Club and Lit. and Sci. Assn., Vol. 13, 1899, pp. 12-14- Won. HERDMAN. DURHAM. Shap Fell Granite Boulder in Upper Teesdale [records boulder found in the London Lead Company's Park, Middleton-in-Teesdale}. Naturalist, April 1899, p. 124. z902 October r. 326 Bibliography: Geology and Paleontology, 1899. WHEELTON HIND. LANC. S. On Three Species of Lamellibranchs from the Carboniferous Rocks of Great Britain [describes a new species of Anthracomya which occurs at Fallowfield in the Manchester Coalfield at horizons higher than that characterised by A. phillipsz]. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1899, pp. 365- 370 and plate ; Abstracts in Nature, 25th May 1899, p. 94, and Geol. Mag., June 1899, p. 281. WHEELTON HIND. YORK MIp W. On the Occurrence in British Carboniferous Rocks of the Devonian Genus Paleonezilo, with a Description of a New Species [from the Carboniferous Shale (Yoredale Shale), south of Hammerton Hall, Slaid- burn, Yorkshire; now in the Museum of Practical Geology, London]. Abstracts in Nature, 21st Dec. 1899, p. 191, and Geol. Mag., Jan. 1900, Peto: WHEELTON HIND. DERBYSHIRE, YORK N.W., NTHD. S. The Sub-divisions of the Carboniferous Series in Great Britain and some of their European Equivalents [the various beds in Derbyshire, Wensleydale, Northumberland, and other paris of Great Britain, are carefully enumerated and described, and their lithological and palzonto- logical characteristics pointed out and compared with the Carboniferous Beds on the Continent]. Trans. Edinburgh Geol. Soc., 1899, pp. 332-360. WHEELTON HIND. CHEVIOTLAND, NORTHUMBD., ISLE OF MAN, YorkK N.W., Mip W., S.W., DERBYSHIRE. A Monograph of the British Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata. Part IY. 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Flora of Cumberland;.../...{|...{|.. by | William Hodgson |e | seal ce (Pou s ellewwartlanram ho oe Chapter | on the Soils of Cumberland, by | eG: “Goodchild hic . | with a map of the County | SA sl “spileae veel deeeeaetee |i pemexaccva sae @ontaine essay on the Soils of Combediaad bya Jr 'G: Goodchild ; reviewed in Naturalist, April 1899, pp. 115-116]. BENJAMIN HOLGATE. YORK S.W. ‘‘Some Points of Comparison between the Plants of the present and those of the Coal Measure Period”’ (illustrated by a fine series of specimens collected from the coais and shales of the South Leeds district by Mr. Bond]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, pp. 19-20. B. HOLGATE. YORK Mip W. ‘¢ The Geology of the Meanwood Valley and the District to the North of it’’ [sections in the Ganister, Millstone Grit, etc., described]. Trans. Leeds Geol. Assn., 1897-8, publ. 1899, pp. 35-36. T. V. HOLMES. CUMBERLAND. The Geology of the Country around Carlisle [describing the Permian and Triassic formations (St. Bees Sandstone, Gypseous Shales, Kirklinton Sandstone, and Stanwix Shales), the outlier of Lower Lias, Naturalist, Bibliography: Geology and Paleontology, 1899. 327 and the various superficial deposits (with an account of the Solway Moss)]. Mem. Geol. Surv. Engl. and Wales, 1899, pp. iv. +64, London. W. F. HOLROYD AND J. BARNES. DERBYSHIRE. On the Superposition of Quartz Crystals on Calcite in the Igneous Rocks occurring in the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire [describes and figures such crystals from the ‘ toadstone’ of Miller's Dale]. Trans. Manch. Geol. Assn., 1899, Vol. 26, Part 2, pp. 46-40. E. HOWARTH. DERBYSHIRE, YORKSHIRE. Catalogue | of the | Bateman Collection of Antiquities | in the | Sheffield Public Museum. | Prepared by | E. Howarth, F.R.A.S., F.Z.S., Pees | eondon|. .! 1899. 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Foraminiferal Boulder Clay, Riverside, Cheshire [gives lists of Species collected from the Boulder-Clay, nearly all of which are referable to species at present living in shallow water off the British coast]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc., 1898-1899, publ. 1899, pp. 357-364. T. MELLARD READE. Lanc. S., CHESHIRE. The Gypsum Boulder of Great Crosby [contains about 280 cubic feet, and weighs about 18 tons; and has now been set up at Great Crosby in the same position and orientation as it originally occurred in the Boulder Clay; list of foraminifera from the clay given]. Proc. Liverp. Geol. Soc. for 1898-1899, publ. 1899, pp. 347-356, and 3 plates. BKC. REED. YorK Mip W. The Limestone Knolls of the Craven District [letter criticising J. E. Marr’s paper on this subject]. Geol. Mag., Nov. 1899, pp. 527-528. F. R. COWPER REED. YorK Mip W. Woodwardian Museum Notes: A New Carboniferous Trilobite [named Phillipsia cracoensis, collected by Prof. Hughes’ geological party from the Pendleside Limestone of Butterhaw Knoll, Cracoe, Yorkshire ; figured]. Geol. Mag., June 1899, pp. 241-245. CLEMENT REID. YORKSHIRE, ETC. The Origin of the British Flora. London, 1899, pp. vi. +191; Reviewed in Natural Science, Sept. 1899, pp. 226-227, and Geol. Mag., Aug. 1899, eee o- , ; DIETRICH REIMER. _ALL THE NORTHERN COUNTIES. Carte Géologique internationale de l’Europe [Livraison 3 contains the British Isles, etc.]. 1899. WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY. NORTHERN COUNTIES. A | Selected Bibliography | of the | Anthropology and Ethnology | of Europe | by | William Z. Ripley | Ph.D. |. . |. . | Boston MUeS. As]. . |... | 1899 [am extensive list of the principal publications on the subjects named, in alphabetical order]. 160 pp. eke J. F. ROBINSON. \ ORK S.E. Basalt [Boulder at Wassand (in the Twelfth Report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee)}. Naturalist, Jan. 1599, p. 15. 1902 October 1. 232 Libliography: Geology and Paleontology, 1899. HAROLD SALES. YORK Isc: [Boulders at] Willerby near Hornsea [should be ‘near Hull’ (in Twelfth Report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee)]. Naturalist, Jan. 1899, p. 15. R. F. SCHARFF. ISLE OF MAN, ETC. The History of the European Fauna. London, 1899, pp. vii. + 364 [see Review in Nature, 8th Feb. 1900, pp. 341-342]. DEE SCons LANce. S. On a new Medullosa from the Lower Coal Measures of Lancashire [found by Messrs. Lomax and Wild at Hough Hill; the specimens being from a lower horizon than those previously recorded]. Rep. Brit. Assn., 1898 (Bristol), publ. 1899, pp. 1045-1046. Dy EC ScOmm LANc. 5S. On Medullosa anglica, a new representative of the Cycadofilices {the author has examined a large number of specimens of a new species of the genus Medullosa, discovered by Messrs. Wild and Lomax in the Ganister beds (Lower Coal Measures) of Lancashire]. Proc. Royal Soc., Vol. 64, 1899, pp. 250-253; Abstract in Nature, 16th Feb. 1890, pp- 381-382. fe Gon SERIE Ve CHESHIRE. On a Monotreme Footprint from the Trias at Stourton. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1899, p. Ixxxix., and Abstracts in Proc. Geol. Soc., 1898-99, pp. 102-103, and Geol. Mag., July 1899, p. 329. A. C. SEWARD. Lane. S. Notes on the Binney Collection of Coal-Measure Plants. Part I. Lepidophloios. Part II. Megaloxylon, gen. nov. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., Vol. 10, 1899, pp. 137-174, with two plates and five figures ; Abstract in Nature, 30th March 1899, p. 527. A. C. SEWARD. LANG. S. Notes on the Binney Collection of Carboniferous Plants. II. A new type of Palzeozoic plant [a fragment of a stem from the Coal-Measures of Lancashire]. Camb. Univ. Reporter, 23rd May 1899, Vol. 29, p. 919; Abstract in Nature, 1st June 1899, p. 119. A. C. SEWARD. YORK: NoE: On the Structure and Affinities of Matonia pectinata, R. Br., with Notes on the Geological History of the Matonineze [contains numerous references to the Jurassic flora of Yorkshire ; and figures (p. 198) Pinnule of Laccopteris woodwardi, from the Inferior Oolite of Yorkshire, and Laccopterts polypodivides from the Upper Shale, Gristhorpe Bay]. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc., Series B, Vol. 191, 1899, pp. 171-209 and Plates 17-20. THOMAS SHEPPARD. YORKSHIRE. Work of the Ouse [summarises Platnauer’s notes on this subject (see ‘H. M. Platnauer’) and points out their bearing on the origin of the Humber mud]. Sci. Goss., June 1899, pp. 24-25. THOMAS SHEPPARD. YORK-'S.E. The Mortimer Museum. | Suggested Purchase | By the | Hull Corporation [containing details of the geological and archzological contents of the Museum]. Hull, 8 pp., 1899, privately printed. T. SHEPPARD. YORK S.E. The Contents and Origin of the Gravels around Hull [the gravels are divided under three heads: (1) pre-glacial, (2) glacial, and (3) post- glacial; and their mammaliferous and other contents are described and correlated]. Trans. Hull Sci. and Field Nat. Club, Vol. 1, Part 2, 1899, pp- 45-51; and Plate 2, figs. 1 and 2 showing photographic views of the Burstwick and Kelsey Hill Gravel Pits. Naturalist, Bibliography : Geology and Paleontology, 1899. 222 re) THOMAS SHEPPARD. YorK S.E Note on a Bronze Celt recently found in Holderness [at Burst wick ; previous similar finds enumerated]. Trans. Hull Sci. and Field Nat. Club, 1899, Vol. 1, Part 2, pp. 52-54. T. SHEPPARD [Hon. Sec. ]. YorkK S.E. Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club [portion of mammoth tusk and other geological specimens from the Yorkshire coast exhibited at a meeting on 1st Feb.]. Sci. Goss., March 1899, p. 319. THOMAS SHEPPARD. ALL THE NORTHERN COUNTIES. Bibliography : Papers and records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. Geology and Palzontology, 1894 [enumerates titles, etc., of 220 papers]. Naturalist, March 1899, pp. 81-96; April, pp. 97-103. THOMAS SHEPPARD. ALL THE NORTHERN COUNTIES. Bibliography : Papers and records published with respect to the Natural History and Physical Features of the North of England. Geology and Palzontology, 1895 [contains titles, summaries, etc., of 205 papers published during 1895]. Naturalist, Oct. 1899, pp. 305-320, and Nov., pp. 321-324. T,. SHEPPARD. YORK N-E. Lake Dwellings at Pickering [a resume of Captain the Hon. Cecil Duncombe’s paper which appeared in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for August and November, 1898]. Naturalist, April 1899, p. 112. THOMAS SHEPPARD. YORK S.E. [Boulders at] Atwick, Brough, Dimlington, Easington, [etc., including new localities for Shap granite, rhomb-porphyry, etc.; also notes chalk, belemnites, and sea-urchins in the boulder clays which are foreign to the Yorkshire Chalk (in the Twelfth Report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee)|]. Naturalist, Jan. 1899, pp. 16-18. T. S[HEPPARD]. YORK S,E. Skull of Anas boscas from the peat at Withernsea [describes the skull of a duck found by T. Pygas, junr.]. Trans. Hull Sci. and Field Nat. Club, Vol. 1, Part 2, 1899, p. 44. T. S[HEPPARD]. WORK Sub: Skull of Elephant at Kilnsea [found on the beach by Mr. Murray ; uncertain whether a recent specimen or a fossil]. Trans. Hull Sci. and Field Nat. Club, 1899, Vol. 1, Part 2, p. 54. WILLIAM SIMPSON. YorK S.W. Record of a Boring made through the Grit Rocks of Halifax, in 1898-g: with notes thereon [to a depth of 508 feet from the surface ; details given]. Halifax Naturalist, Vol. 4, No. 23, Dec. 1899, pp. 81-84. Prine. SLADE. YORK S.E, Our Water Supply [describes the effect of the recent drought in different parts of the country, and shows that the water supply of Hull will amply meet the needs of the population at that place for many years to come]. Trans. Hull Sci. and Field Nat. Club, Vol. 1, Part 2, 1899, pp. 29-31. F. W. SMITH. YorK Mip W. The Natural Waters of Harrogate [not seen]. Reviewed in Nature, 11th May 1899, p. 28. . W. J. SOLLAS. DERBYSHIRE. On the Occurrence of Sponge-spicules in the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1599, pp. 710-7175 Abstracts in Geol. Mag., June 1899, p. 278, and Nature, 27th April 1899, p. 622. 1902 October 1. 334 Bibliography: Geology and Paleontology, 1899. E. Jj. BURGESS SOPP. CHESHIRE. Submerged Forests near Hoylake [describes the various beds of peat exposed on the Cheshire shores; and refers to their former fauna and flora, and also to the numerous archzeological relics found therein, amongst which are no fewer than 42 Roman fibulz; two views of the peat beds accompany the notes]. Sci. Goss., Aug. 1899, pp. 81-83. H. SPEIGHT. Lanc. W. Shap Granite [at Morecambe (in the Twelfth Report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee)]. Naturalist, Jan. 1899, p. 15. JAMES SPENCER. YORK S.W. The Yoredale and Millstone Grit Rocks of the Upper Calder Valley and their Fossils [dealt with under the heads of ‘Third Grit Rocks,’ ‘Rough Rocks,’ ‘ Description of the Strata along the line of Section I.,’ ‘The Character and Thickness of the Strata Shown in Section I.,’ and ‘Section of the Millstone Grit Rocks from west to east along the south side of the river Calder’ ; with sections and lists of fossils from the Yore- dale and Millstone Grit Shales]. Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt. Soc., Vol. 13, Part 4, 1890, pp. 375-394- L. J. SPENCER. NORTHERN COUNTIES. Supplementary List of British Minerals. Geol. Mag., Feb. 1899, PP: 75-77- M. STABLES. See ‘A. Haweridge:: J. W. STATHER. WORK NE: [Boulders at] Scalby Mills, Burniston, [etc., including several new records for Shap Granite (in the Twelfth Report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee)|. Naturalist, Jan. 1899, pp. 18-19. MARK STIRRUP. NORTHERN COUNTIES. Report of the Delegate to the British Association Meeting at Bristol, 1898 [refers to papers read at the meeting which bear upon the Geology of the northern counties]. Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., Vol. 26, Part 2, 1899, pp. 82-92. MARK STIRRUP. LANC. S. The Earthquake of February 27, 1899 [Manchester, etc.]. Trans Manch. Geol. Soc., Vol. 26, 1899, pp. 174-176. MARK STIRRUP. EANGS: Occurrence of a Gypsum Boulder at Blackpool. Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., Vol. 26, - 1899, p. 170. A. H. STOKES. DERBYSHIRE. Castleton: History, Geology, Minerals, and Mining. Coll. Guard., Vol. 78, 1899, pp. 553-554- A. STRAHAN. CUMBERLAND, LANC. S. The Age of the Vale of Clwyd [compares the arrangement of the faults in the Vale of Clwyd with that of the faults in West Cumberland, South Lancashire, etc.]. Geol. Mag., March 1899, pp. 111-117. C. Fox-STRANGWAYS. DERBYSHIRE. Third Excursion [of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society] to Swadlincote, Ticknall, and Melbourne [on 17th June, 1899, with geological notes and section]. Trans. Leicester Lit. and Phil. Soc., Vol. 5, Part 6, Oct. 1899, pp. 303-305. LORD DE TABLEY. CHESHIRE. The Flora of Cheshire [edited by Spencer Moore; with a Biographical Notice of the Author by Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff, pp. cxiv. + 399, with portrait and map, London, 1899. Geology referred to; not seen]. See Review in Nature, 1st June 1899, p. 100. Naturalist, PLOMOSTuUpny - Geology ana L£ateontology, 1599. 335 BEEBY THOMPSON. LINC eS: Excursion to Weldon, Dene, and Gretton [visits to Weldon and Corby (Upper Lias clays), Corby and Weldon (ironstone), Great Weldon stone-quarries, Dene (section of Lower Oolites and Northampton Sands), and Gretton (ironstone)]. Proc. Geol. Assn., Nov. 1899, Vol. 16, pp. 226- 231. BEEBY THOMPSON. Geology of the Great Central Railway [new extension to London of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway]: Rugby to Catesby. Abstract in Geol. Mag., Jan. 1899, pp. 45-46. . A. THORNLEY. Notts. The Functions of a Natural History Society (the Presidential Address of the Rev. A. Thornley, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.) [suggests lines of research, and briefly refers to the geology of the county of Nottingham]. Ann. Report Notts. Nat. Soc., 1897-8, publ. 1899, pp. 25-30. ROBERT F. TOMES. | YORK S.E. Observations on some British Cretaceous Madreporaria, with the Description of two New Species [refers to specimens of Caryophyllia (now Trochocyathus) conulus trom the Speeton Clay, etc.]. Geol. Mag., July 1899, pp. 298-307. eee etl) RATT. LAKE DISTRICT. Henry Alleyne Nicholson, M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., etc. [Obituary Notice of; refers to his work amongst the Lake District rocks, ete. ]. Natural Science, March 1899, pp. 247-248. WeoY> VEIrCH. York N.E. Pre-historic Middlesbro’ [brief geological notes, and describes some pre-historic skulls and other objects]. Proc. Cleveland Nat. Field Club, 1896-1897-1898, publ. 1899, pp. 5-12. J. CONWAY WALTER. Linc. N. Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood: Historical, Anecdotal, Physiographical, and Archeological, with other matter. Horncastle, 1899, p. 263. [Brief geological notes]. J. CONWAY WALTER. Linc. N. Boulders near Horncastle [describes a series of large boulders of Spilsby Sandstone, etc., at Langton]. Naturalist, Sep. 1899, pp. 273- 274. W. W. Watts (Secretary). CUMBD., LANC., WESTMORLAND, YORKS. Photographs of Geological Interest in the United Kingdom. Ninth Report of the Committee. . . . [includes particulars of photographs of sections in the northern counties, notably from Yorkshire]. Rep. Brit. Assn. (Bristol), 1898, publ. 1899, pp. 530-546. C. B. WEDD. Notts. Note on Barium Sulphate in the Bunter Sandstone of North Staffordshire [refers to previous records of Barium Sulphate as a cementing material in the Triassic Sandstone near Nottingham]. Geol. Mag., Nov. 1899, p. 508. EDGAR D. WELLBURN. YORK S.W. AND LANC. S. Fish Fauna of the Lower Coal Measures of the Halifax and Littleborough Districts [describes the remains of twenty-four species o! Carboniferous fishes, with remarks as to their distribution, ete.} Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt. Soc., Vol. 13, Part 4, 1899, pp- 419-432, Plates 61-62. EDGAR D. WELLBURN. | YorK Mip W. AND S.W. On Some Fossil Fish found in the Millstone Grits of Yorkshire [describes specimens of Acanthodes sp.? and Acrolepis hopkinsi from the 1902 October 1. te een, ee ied SS a ~ e es “ _— etal Tima x, ciillltiaess Amys sappy > stills te aii, cirysilliae 330 Bibliography : Geology and Paleontology, 1899. Middle Millstone Grits of Eccup ; Acanthodes wardi from the base of the Third Grit at Boulder Clough, Sowerby, and Acrolepis hopkinsi, and Cladodus (mtrabilis Agassiz?) from the Millstone Grit, Wadsworth Moor, etc.]. Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt. Soc., Vol. 13, Part 4, 1899, pp. 395- 399, and Plate 60. EDGAR D. WELLBURN. . YORK S.W. On a New Species of Lepracanthus from the Yorkshire Coal Measures [spine of Lepracanthus rectus, sp. nov. from the shale above the Better Bed Coal, Lower Coal Measures, Low Moor, Yorkshire]. Geol. Mag., Oct. 1899, pp. 451-452. EDGAR D. WELLBURN. YORK S.W. Fish Fauna of the Lower Coal Measures of the Halifax District. Part I. [the fish remains are obtained from a thin layer of shale lying directly on the Hard Bed Coal; figures and describes tooth of Dzplodus gibbosus ; tooth of Janassa (lingueformis) ; teeth of Helodus sp.?; tooth of Pleuroplax rankinet; tooth of Pleuroplax attheyz; and spines of Hoplonchus elegans and Acanthodes ward). WHalifax Naturalist, April 1899, pp- 12-14. EDGAR D. WELLBURN. YORK S.W. Fish Fauna of the Lower Coal Measures of the Halifax District. Part II. [a further contribution; concludes by giving a ‘Tabular Summary of Fish Remains showing their Stratagraphical Distribution’; eighteen species are enumerated]. Halifax Naturalist, Aug. 1899, pp. 47-50. W. WHITAKER AND A. J. JUKES-BROWNE. Line. S. The Geology of the Borders of the Wash: Tenia Boston and Hunstanton: Explanation of Sheet 69 [embodying Lamplugh’s recent observations on the Lower Cretaceous strata of the district and their correlation, with much information concerning the Gault and Red Chalk, the Lower and Middle Chalk, and the Glacial and other superficial accumulations, and with an appendix of well-sections]. Mem. Geol. Surv. Eng. and Wales, 1899, pp. vil. + 146, London; see also Geol. Mag., June 1899, Pp. 274-275- J. W. WILSON. YorK N.E., DERBYSHIRE. Essay No. 1.| The | Existence of | Plant or Vegetable Life | as noted in the Geological Formations | especially as found in the British Isles. | By | J. W. Wilson, F.R.H.S., M.S.A. (London) | written by com- mand | of the Faculty of Central University | Indianopolis, Ind., U.S.A. | Hull: | [1899 on cover; contains brief references to Yorkshire plant- peti: beds, Ste 385 Op: F[LORA] WINSTONE. DERBYSHIRE. Archeology in Derbyshire [an account of the British Archzological Association’s 56th Congress, held at Buxton]. Sci. Goss., Sept. 1899, Pamo3. HENRY Woops. YORK’ Ss, LING. .N: A Monograph of the Cretaceous Lamellibranchiata of England. Part I. Nuculanide, one? Anomiide, and Arcidz lincluding species of Nuculana (one new sp., WV. speetonensis), Nucula lamplughi, sp. nov., from the Speeton Clay, and Cucullea (Dicranodonta) from the Speeton Clay and from the Claxby Ironstone and Spilsby Sandstone of Donning- ton]. Palzontog. Soc., Vol. 53, 1899, pp. 1-72, Plates 1-14. ARTHUR SMITH WOODWARD. YORK N.E. On the Fossil Fishes of the Upper Lias of Whitby. Part IV. [describes remains of Dapedius micans, Belonorhynchus acutus, B. brevi- rostris, and Gyrosteus mirabilis]. Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polyt. Soc., Vol. 13, Part 4, 1899, pp. 455-472 HENRY WOODWARD. See ‘T. Rupert Jones. ; wos Naturalist, (y. eS ; *) 4 OCT.1902 , -* A - Now ready, complete, Svo. Cloth, Price 6s., post free. 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DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., /% 2 ; “nt KT nN 259, Hype Park Roap, Leres; Bre Vis red WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF ww aN 4 iy ‘ - J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., Nur AL 4! ev W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., ' THOMAS SHEPPARD, F.G.S., ( ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S., ERS: JOHN W. TAYLOR, F.L.S., GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S., W. B. TURNER, F.R.M.S. Contents :— PAGES. North of England Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium at Swansea— Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell, M.A. 337-342 North of England Plants in the Motley Herbarium at Swansea— Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell, M.A. 343-351 Occurrence of the Little Bunting at Tees Mouth, Co. Durham: an Addition to ihe North Country Avi-Fauna—C. 2. Wilburn ae on ms Loy Fungus Foray at Egton Bridge and Arncliffe Woods, near Whitby— CC. Crossland, FLL.S. 955-505, ‘Short Notes :—Birds, 353, 954; Reptiles, 367; Lepidoptera, 368; Mollusca, 366; ri Geology, 357, 365; Plants, 342, 352; Meteorology, 366; Notes and News, 354, 366, 367, 368. 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EE. COLLINGE, Mason University College, BIRMINGHAM. Please mention ‘ The Naturalist’ in replying to Advertisements. ~ Prepaid Subscription, t2s. per a Ln al 33% NORTH OF ENGLAND PLANTS IN THE BICHENO HERBARIUM AT SWANSEA. Rev. H. J. RIDDELSDELL, M.A., St. Michael's College, Aberdare, South Wales. Tue Royal Institution of South Wales at Swansea is in posses- sion of a collection of dried plants presented to it in 1839 by J. E. Bicheno, shortly before he left for Tasmania. The collection is unfortunately in bad condition owing to the attacks of damp and insects; and at the outset its usefulness was much lowered by the carelessness of Bicheno himself. It is by no means an infrequent thing to find specimens unnamed; very frequently, indeed, they are without date, and often either unlocalised or credited with too general a locality to be of much use. Further, there is some admixture of a second collection, presented in 1848 by Mir. Motley, now of Labuan,’ to the same society. But Bicheno’s specimens are on the whole very correctly named. There are few errors which | (with, however, a very limited know- ledge) was able to trace. A specimen of Chenopodium hybridum from Newbury is labelled C. rubrum, with pencil note ‘ perhaps botryodes, not rubrum.’ Scleranthus annuus var. brennis is put down to S. perennis : Vaccinium Oxyceccos is called V. Vitis-7dea. All parts of the British Islands are laid under contribution : and there are in some genera (e.g. Galium) good series of foreign plants. And, moreover, contributions have by various well-known botanists. The initials T. F. F[orster}., Heevileods|:, W. J.'-Hlooker]., and others’are of occurrence. been made frequent The ‘ Naturalist’ will demand some account of the North of England plants which Bicheno possessed. ‘Mr. Motley, now of Labuan,’ must yield place to his better known predecessor, though there is a great deal of interest to be found for North of England botanists in his collection also. Of new records for Yorkshire I can only trace one, Vaccznium uliginosum, for which no precise locality is given. Of new localities in West Yorkshire (if they are such) Meum athamanticum, near Halifax ; Mentha rotundifolia, Ripon ; and Polygonum viviparum, Ingleton.) It is not clear that these are not vaguer accounts of what is given more precisely in Mr. Arnold Lees’ flora. jee ee oo 1902 November 4. 338 Riddelsdell: Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium. The old record of Sedum villosum for Ingleborough is con- firmed. The Flora of West Yorkshire appears to carry it down to 1778 only. But perhaps the most) imteresumomnecondiic that of Ranunculus Lingua for Giggleswick Tarn. The Flora mentions J. Windsor’s record, with the comment ‘ Gone—if ever there?’ A specimen sent by J. Woods to Bicheno is included in this collection, identical with the ordinary form of R. Lzneua, so far as I can see, except that the leaves of the flowering stem are decidedly stalked. From W.]. He come various Peesdale plants; yisromn|-avVe a number of the choice things of Craven—Polemontum, Saxtfruga umbrosa, Thalictrum minus from Gordale, and Rzbes rubrum! from Gordale, etc. These specimens are, many of them, undated; but as the dated Yorkshire specimens of the collection are all 1814-1824, the same period may be taken to cover those not specified. The complete records for the Vice-Counties of the North of England contained in Bicheno’s collection are as follows :— 57- DERBYSHIRE. Turritis glabra. Near Matlock, 1821. Cardamine impatiens. Matlock, 1821. Arenaria verna. Matlock, 1821. Lycknis Flos-cuculi. Dovedale. Young plant. Misnamed L. viscaria. : Helianthemum vulgare. Dovedale, 1814. Geranium sanguineum. Matlock. Vicia silvatica. Matlock, 1821. ‘Galium sp. nova Planta pubescens.’ Dovedale. Galium pusillum. Matlock. Dipsacus pilosus. Matlock, 1821. Campanula latifolia. Matlock. Myosotis silvatica. Dovedale. Empetrum. Between Chatsworth and Sheffield. The Dovedale plants are all (except Zychnzs) attributed to ‘j. W., and’ of course’ are not necessarily from) the Derbyshire side; the locality for Ampetrum is more probably in Derbyshire than in Yorkshire. The ‘ Galium sp. nova’ is a curious looking plant. It looks like some form of G. erectum, but is densely pubescent. It would probably repay critical examination at capable hands, and may be refound in its Dovedale habitat. Naturalist, . Riddelsdell: Plants tn the Bicheno Herbarium. 230 69. WESTMORLAND AND N. LANCcs. Thalictrum majus. (Kendal, 1814. Troilius. Ambleside. Fumaria claviculata. Ambleside. Stellaria nemorum. Ambleside. Silene acaulis. Wastdale Head. Geranium silvaticum. Near Kendal. Prunus Padus. UHaweswater. Rubus saxatilis. Kendal. Rosa collina. Westmorland. Rosa Villosa. Westmorland. Rhamnus Franguia. Windermere. Sedum anglicum. Ambleside, 1814. Saxifraga stelilaris. Westmorland, 1814. Saxifraga aizoides. Westmorland. Meum athamanticum. Coniston Moor. fiieracium paludosum. Ambleside (J. W.). ‘Veronica fiybrida. Wumphrey Head. Primula farinosa. Westmorland, 1814. Oxyria. Westmorland, 1814. Polypodium Phegopteris. Westmorland. Cystopteris fragilis. Westmorland (J. W.). Cryptogramme crispa. Westmorland, 1821. Botrychium Lunaria. Near Asham. Equisetum lfimosum. Westmorland. 70. CUMBERLAND. Ranunculus hirsutus. Borrodaile. Spergula pentandra. Whitehaven. (This looks like a weak LO Ol S. SALZUA. ) Helianthemum vulgare. Cumberland. Rosa collina. Cumberland. Rosa tomentosa. (Keswick, 1814. Geranium silvaticum. Cumberland. Circza alpina. WLodore. Alchemilla alpina. Cumberland. *Poterium sanguisorba. Cumberland. Rubus suberectus. Cumberland (J. W.), 1814. * Not in Watson’s Top. Bot., 2nd edition. 1g0z November 4. 340 Riddelsdell: Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium. Saxifraga hypnoides. Cumberland, 1814. Saxifraga ajugifolia. Cumberland. (This is one of the hypnoides forms.) Chrysoplenium oppositifolium. Lodore. Rhodiola rosea. Cumberland. is Galium uliginosum. Cumberland (J. W.). Galium boreale. Derwentwater (J. W.). Galium pusillum. Cumberland. Carduus heterophyllus. Borrodaile. Apargia hispida. Bampton. Hiieracium silvaticum. Cumberland. Hieracium ? Lawsonii. Cumberland. Hieracium paludosa. Cumberland (J. W.). Hieracium murorum. Wastdale (J. W.), 1815. Pyrola secunda. Near Mr. Pocklinton’s, Derwentwater, up the Gill. Veronica officinalis. Cumberland. Armeria maritima. Near Whitehaven. Urtica pilulifera. Cumberland. Aspidium dilatatum. Cumberland. Asplenium marinum. St. Bees Head. Lycopodium alpinum. Cumberland. Potentilla fruticosa. Wastdale Screes, Lancs. (J. W.). LAKES, ETC., not assignable to any one V.C. Thalictrum alpinum. Helvelyn (J.W.). Caltha minor. Lake Country. Saxifraga Stellaris. UHelvelyn, 1821. Parnassia. HUelvelyn, 1821. Chrysosplenium alternifolium. Helvelyn, 1814. Lobelia Dortmanna. Lakes. Polygonum viviparum. Helvelyn. Salix herbacea. Helvelyn, 1814. ‘ LANCASHIRE.’ Sisymbrium monense. Jasione montana. Convolvulus Soldanella. Lithospermum arvense. | ? County. Rhodiola rosea. On Dow Craggs. Naturalist, Riddelsdell: Plants tn the Bicheno Herbarium. 341 EOueLANCS: 9. Erythrea littoralis. Liverpool. o25 YorKS. N.E, Anchusa sempervirens. Eskdale. 63. Yorks. S.W. Meum. Near Halifax. 64. YorKs. Mip West. Thalictrum minus. Gordale (J.W.), 1821. Ranunculus Lingua. Giggleswick Tarn (J.W.). Actza. Ingleborough (J.W.). Rosa villosa. Giggleswick. Ribes rubrum. Gordale (J.W.). Sedum villosum. Ingleborough. Polemonium. Craven (J.W.): Mentha rotundifolia. Ripon. Polygonum viviparum. Ingleton. 65. Yorks. N. W. Lysimachia thyrsiflora. Leckby Carr. 66. DuRHAM. Sagina maritima. Hartlepool. Thiaspi alpestre. Middleton-in-Teesdale (from W. J. H.). Potentilla fruticosa. Middleton-in-Teesdale (from W. J. H.). Pyrola minor. Gibside Woods. 67. NORTHUMBERLAND S. Dianthus deltoides. Robson, Newcastle, 1824. Rosa tomentosa. Newcastle. Senecio lividus. Newcastle. Hieracium silvaticum. Newcastle. Arbutus Uva-Ursi. ‘Lightfoot’s habitat. Earl Common Wood, near Hexham.’ 68. CHEVIOTLAND. Euphorbia esula. Alnwick. Epilobium alsinifolium. Cheviot. ‘ YORKSHIRE.’ Draba incana. Arenaria verna. Viola lutea var. From W. J. H. Impatiens noli-me-tangere. From J. W. 1902 November 4. 342 Notes on Flowering Plants. Potentilla aurea. Geum rivale. b) Rosa canina ‘var. e. Rosa villosa. Saxifraga umbrosa. From J. W.- Vaccinium uliginosum (a poor specimen but correctly named). New record for Yorkshire. ‘TEESDALE. Cochlearia officinalis. 1821. Saxifraga hypnoides. Gentiana verna. I have to thank the President and Council of the Royal Institution of South Wales for their kindness in allowing me to publish these details. ~ et NOTE on CUMBERLAND PLANTS. Vernacular Names of Piants (ante, p. 4).—-Is there any use in chronicling these names if they are in Britten and Holland's ‘ Plant Names,’ Dialect Society? If there is, and what are quoted below are not in Britten and Holland, then in Cumberland:— _. Melilotus alba Des. is at Workington, apparently, ‘Bee Flower,’ ‘ King Clover.’ Vicia hirsuta Koch. ‘Traddah,’ which, according to the late W. Hodgson, A.L.S., is also applied to V. Cracca, and ‘other tethery plants of the same order.’ Spirea Filipendula L. fl. pleno.. ‘Lady's Ruffles’ at Carlisle, according to the Rev. Hilderic Friend. Sempervivum tectorum L. is ‘ Syphelt of the dalesfolk.’ These instances are taken from Hodgson’s ‘ Flora of Cumberland,’ 1898, pp. 82, 88, 95, and 126. No doubt there are more in the same book, but anyone interested had better see the volume mentioned above, i.e., Britten and Holland, and then fill the gaps; I have no access to it.—S. L. PETTY, Ulverston, 3rd January 1902. [If possible Mr. Petty’s suggestion should be acted upon, but Britten and Holland’s book is not accessible to everyone. Moreover, it seems desirable that names already chronicled in that work may be recorded again, where the record extends our knowledge of the actual geographical range of the name. In fact, whenever the record tends to greater precision.— Eps. Nar. | «=> <)><=—__— NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE PLANTS. Juncus compressus at Brandon, Linc. S.—On the 17th August I unexpectedly found /uncus compressus Jacq. growing on the edge of a road in Brandon parish, Div. 15. Though I frequently pass that way, I had not seen it before; perhaps the very wet season may have caused it to flourish, the road having been for some months in a constant state of slush, caused by the overflowing of a pond in an adjacent field. This is a fourth record for the county.—S. C. Stow, Court Leys, Brandon, Grantham, 20th September 1902. Naturalist, NORTH OF ENGLAND PLANTS IN TiE MOTLEY HERBARIUM AT SWANSEA. Rev. H. J. RIDDELSDELL, M.A., St. Michael's College, Aberdare, South Wales. VHESE notes are published by the kind permission of the President and Council of the Royal Institution of South Wales, at Swansea. The Royal Institution of South Wales possesses a collection of dried plants, presented to it in 1848 by Mr. Motley, a resident in the locality. The specimens are in most cases carefully mounted, dated (year only), localised, and enriched with notes, some of them valuable. The notes are sometimes in Mr. Motley’s own hand, sometimes in another; but apparently micyealways proceed from himself, either directly, or as guotations from leading botanists of the day. The actual annotation is never (so far as | can see) in any other reputable beOtamisis, ¢.o., Bicheno’s hand. The specimens are well preserved, though they suffer somewhat from dust; but I have hopes that both Motley’s and Bicheno’s collections may be shortly put into a more secure condition. They are well worth preserving. Motley’s identifications are on the whole accurate, if we omit the critical genera Rubus, Rosa, and the like, which have received much attention and subdivision since his time. The worst mistakes are Lycopodium annotinum for L. Selago ; Galium anglicum for G. Mollugo; Erythrea littoralis for #. Centaurium ; Trintaz for some young umbellifer which I cannot identify, but which certainly is not Zvznzza. The chief supply of plants 1s local, from Swansea, and the parts of Glamorgan and Carmarthen Counties adjacent; but there are some good Scotch plants, some of them supplied by Don, and a large number of North of England plants. The dates range for the most part from about 1839 to 1844, though some are given as early as 1828, others as late as 1846. Motley was in communication with various botanists of the day, several of them men of eminence. Besides Don and Bicheno, people like Borrer and Babington, as well as T. Pursloe (with Salop specimens), Miss Burton, and T. F. Forster, all had a share in building up the collection. A peculiar interest attaches to a specimen of Apizmedium alpinum, communicated by Miss Maitland, ‘ gathered by Southey, near Winander Mere.’ 1902 November 4. 344 Riddelsdell: Plants in the Motley Herbarium. I subjoin a complete list of Motley’s North of England plants, arranged under the heads of Watson’s vice-counties, so far as exactness of designation makes it possible to do so. 50. LANCS. S- Blysmus rufus. Bootle. 59 or 60. ‘ LANCASHIRE.’ Anchusa sempervirens. 1840. Vaccinium Vitis-idza. Cloffa Pikes, 1840. 60. Lancs. WEST. Cochlearia groenlandica. Poulton-le-Sands, 1840. *Geranium pyrenaicum. Lytham. Trifolium arvense. Poulton-le-Sands. Scabiosa Columbaria. Poulton-le-Sands, 1840. Erigeron acris. Silverdale, 1839. | “Potamogeton pusillus var. compressus. Poulton-le-Sands, 1840. *Isolepis fluitans. Poulton-le-Sands, 1840. 61. YORKSHIRE S.E. Cornus sanguinea. Westwood, Beverley, 1829. Circea lutetiana. Beverley, 1838. Dipsacus silvestris. Beverley, 1839. Dipsacus pilosus. Risby, 1839. Eupatorium cannabinum. Beverley, 1838. Bidens cernua. Risby, 18309. Filago germanica. Risby, 1839. Gentiana Amarella o. autumnalis. Westwood, Beverley, 1OZ0- Scrophularia aquatica. Risby, 18309. Mentha aquatica f£. hirsuta. Risby, 18309. Melissa Clinopodium. Beverley, 1839. Lysimachia nummutlaria. Beverley, 1838. Polygonum minus. Risby, 1838. Epipactis latifolia. Risby, 1838. Acorus Calamus. Risby, 18309. | 62. YorKS., Nii: Chelidonium majus. Clifton, near York, 1830. Cheiranthus Cheiri. Clifford’s Tower, York, 1839; St. Mary’s Abbey, York, 1840. Naturalist, Riddelsdell: Plants in the Motley Herbarium. 2A al Nasturtium officinale. York, 1840. Nasturtium amphibium. Clifton Ings, 18309. Cardamine amara. Clifton Ings, 1840. Reseda luteola. Clifton Ings, 1840. Viola palustris. amscliffe Wood, Scarborough. Cerastium arvense. Clifton Scope, 1840. Ononis arvensis «. spinosa. Clifton Scope, 1840. Rosa spinosissima. Stockton, near York, 1838. Montia fontana. Heworth Moor, 1840. Petroselinum sativum. Clifford’s Tower, York, 1839. (nanthe fistulosa. River Foss, York, 1840. Valerianella olitoria. Clifton, 1840. Campanula glomerata. Bishopthorpe, 18309. Campanula rapunculoides. Manor Shore, York, 18309. Campanula patula. St. Mary’s Abbey, York, 1840. Echium vulgare. York, 1841. Linaria vulgaris. Clifton Ings, 1840. Mentha aquatica «. nemorosa. Easely Bridge, York, 1840. (This is 7. satcva.) Polygonum Bistorta. Clifton Ings, 1840. Sagittaria. River Foss, York, 18309. Convallaria majalis. Scarborough. Crocus vernus. (navesmire, York, 1840. 63. Yorks. S.W. Rubus Chamemorus. Near Halifax. Cornus suecica. Halitax. Trientalis. Halifax, ‘the most southern locality known for the plant.’ Asarum, Near Halifax. Hypericum pulchrum. Oulton, 184o. 64. Yorks. Mip WEST. Thalictrum minus. Malham, 18309. Anemone nemorosa. Holton Ings, 1841. Trollius europeus. Malham, 1827. Actza spicata. Malham. Corydalis lutea. Fountains Hall, 1830. Corydalis claviculata. Adel, 1841. Cardamine pratensis. Osmondthorpe, 1541. 1902 November 4. 346 Riddelsdell : Plants in the Motley Herbarium. Cardamine pratensis var. acaulis. Osmondthorpe, 1838. This is a form with leaves all radical, and one flower on a long stalk. Cardamine hirsuta. Adel, 1841. Draba incana. Malham Moor, 1837. Draba incana (dwarf). Malham Moor, 1837. Draba muralis. Malham Cove. Cochlearia officinalis. Gordale, 1837. Lepidium campestre «. vulgatum. Holton, 1841. Viola palustris. YThorner, 1840; Adel, 1841. Viola lutea P. amcoena. Malham, 18309. Drosera rotundifolia. Adel, 1841. Drosera rotundifolia (viviparous). Adel, 1841. Alypericum quadratum. Halton, 1840. Hypericum perforatum. TYhorpatch, 1843. Geranium pratense. Harewood, 18309. Geranium dissectum. Osmondthorpe, 18309. Erodium cicutarium «. prwcox. Acomb, 1840. Dianthus deltoides. Greenhow Hill, 18309. Silene nutans. (naresborough. Lychnis dioica {. silvestris. Halton, 1841. Lychnis Flos-cuculi. Adel, 1841. Larbrea aquatica. YVhorner, 1840. Arenaria verna. Pateley Bridge, 1839; Greenhow Hill, 1839. Genista tinctoria. Halton, 18306. Medicago sativa. Osmondthorpe, 1838. Trifoliam medium. Seacroft Foundry Mill, 1841. Lotus corniculatus o«. arvensis. Seacroft, 1841. Ervum hirsutum. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Orobus tuberosus. Templenewsam, 1840. Adoxa. Studley, Ripon, 1841. Saxifraga hypnoides «. platypetala. Malham, 18309. Saxifraga umbrosa. Heseltine Gill. Saxifraga umbrosa «a. crenata. Thorparch. Sedum acre. Brimham, 1839; Osmondthorpe, 1841. Bryonia dioica. Bishopthorpe, 1839. Epilobium hirsutum. Halton, 18 4o. Epilobium parviflorum. WUolme Bog, near Halton, 1840. Naturalist, Riddelsdell: Plants tn the Motley Herbarium. 347 Fragaria elatior. Templenewsam, 1840. Rubus Idzeus. TYemplenewsam, 1840. Rubus suberectus. Adel, 1841. Geum rivale. Warewood, 1839; Thorner, 1841. Potentilla Comarum. Adel, 1841. Agrimonia eupatoria. Vemplenewsam, 1830. Rosa arvensis. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Alchemilfa vulgaris. Thorner, 1841. Pimpinella Saxifraga. Osmondthorpe, 18309. /Bthusa Cynapium. Osmondthorpe, 184o. Conitum maculatum. Osmondthorpe, 1839. Asperula odorata. I\kley, 1830. Galium pusillum. Settle. Gallium verum. Halton, 1830. Galium cruciatum. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Hfieracium paludosum. Adel, 1840. Centaurea nigra. Osmondthorpe, 1839. Solidago virgaurea. UWackfall, 1837. Inula dysenterica. (irkstall, 1841. Chrysanthemum segetum. Scarcroft, 18309. Achillea ptarmica. Osmondthorpe, 18309. Achillea Millefolium. Osmondthorpe, 1839. Antennaria dioica. Ilkley, 1838. Erica tetralix. Brimham, 18309. Vaccinium Myrtillus. Brimham, 1839; Ilkley, 1839; Adel, 1841. Vaccinium Vitis-idea. Ilkley, 1839; Adel, 1841. Vaccinium Oxycoccos. ilkley, 1839; Adel, 1841. Pyrola media. WHackfall, 1830. Campanula latifolia. Burley, 1840. Empetrum. Ilkley, 1840. Atropa Belladonna. Fountains, 1838. Erythrea Centaurium. ‘Templenewsam, 1535. Pedicularis palustris. Adel Dam, 18309. Pedicularis silvatica. Templenewsam, 1830. Rhinanthus Crista-galli, Halton, 1540. Euphrasia Odontites. Osmondthorpe, 1540. Veronica officinalis. Walton, 1540. Veronica Chamedrys. Studley, 1839. 1902 November 4. 348 Riddelsdell: Plants tn the Motley Herbarium. Veronica Buxbaumii. Osmondthorpe, 1838. Pinguicula vulgaris. Ilkley, 1838; Adel, 1830. Galeopsis Tetrahit «. parviflora. Osmondthorpe, 1841. Galeopsis Tetrahit y. versicolor. Osmondthorpe, 1841. Lysimachia nemorum. Adel, 18309. Primula veris «. officinalis. Halton Ings, 1840. Primula veris [£. elatior. Templenewsam, 1840. Primula farinosa. Malham, 1830. Rumex Acetosella. Adel, 1841. Euphorbia Lathyris. Templenewsam, 1840. Euphorbia exigua. Halton, 1840. Polemonium. Malham. Parietaria. Fountains Abbey, 1838. Orchis pyramidalis. Thorparch, 1840. Orchis latifolia. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Gymnadenia conopsea. Barwick, 1840. Habenaria bifolia. Ilkley, 1839; Thorner, 1840. Ophrys apifera. Malham; Scarcroft. Afifium ursinum. Osmondthorpe, 1841. Paris. Ilkley, 1830. Juncus acutiflorus. Killing Beck, 1840. Juncus lamprocarpus. Thorner, 1841. Juncus bufonius. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Juncus squarrosus. Adel, 1840. Luzula Forsteri. Potternewton. Colchicum autumnale. Barwick, 1840. Potamogeton proteus {. heterophyllus. Ilkley, 1838. Potamogeton natans. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Eleocharis pauciflorus. Adel, 1841. Eleocharis cespitosus. Adel, 1841. Scirpus silvaticus. Halton Beck, 1840. Scirpus setaceus. Thorner, 1840. Carex dioica. Adel, 1830. Carex vulpina. Halton, 1840. Carex paniculata. Adel, 1840. Carex fulva. Thorner, 1840. Carex laevigata. Adel, 1840. Carex ampullacea. Adel, 1840. Naturalist, Riddelsdell : Plants in the Motley Herburium. 349 Carex paradoxa. Near York. Alopecurus agrestis. Halton, 1841. Alopecurus pratensis. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Aira caryophyllea. Adel, 1840. Sesleria cerulea. Craven. Briza media. Osmondthorpe, 1840; Ilkley, 1840. Melica uniflora. I(l\kley, 1840. Dactylis glomerata. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Cynosurus cristatus. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Bromus racemosus. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Bromus sterilis. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Lolium perenne. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Triticum repens. Osmondthorpe, 1840. Lycopodium clavatum. likley, 18309. Lycopodium annotinum. Brimham, 1840. (This is Z. Seago.) Lycopodium Selago. Ilkley, 1840. Botrychium Lunaria. Scarcroft, 1840. Blechnum boreale. Meanwood, 1840. Asplenium viride. Malham, 1840. Asplenium Ruta-muraria. ‘Thorparch, 1840. Asplenium Filix-foemina. Roundhay, 1841. Aspidium spinulosum. Adel, 1841. Aspidium spinulosum y. dumetorum. ‘Templenewsam, 184o. Cystopteris fragilis. Malham, 1840; Skipton, 1840; Grass- ington, 1840. Polypodium Dryopteris. UHackfall, 1840. Scolopendrium vulgare. UHackfall, 1840. Aspidium aculeatum 3. lobatum. WUackfall, 1840. Equisetum hiemale. WUackfall, 1840. YORKSHIRE (61 to 65). Draba incana. Ribes alpinum. Ribes petreum Sm. (not Wulpen). Myosotis silvatica. gs VORKS. N. W. Hypericum hirsutum (marked ‘monfanum’). Richmond. Hypericum montanum. Richmond. (This is //. Azrsuéum.) Scheuchzeria. Leckby Carr (sent by Sir W. J. Hooker). 1902 November 4. 350 Riddelsdell : Plants in the Motley Herbartum. TEESDALE (65 or 66). Avena alpina. Tofieldia. Gentiana verna. 66. DURHAM. Hieracium succisefolium. 1845. Poa Parnellii. Both from the High Force. The latter ‘gathered with the specimen figured in Engl. Bot. Suppl.’ 67. NORTHUMBERLAND 5. Senecio viscosus. North Shields. Andromeda poliiolia. Prestwick Carr. Ruppia rostellata. Meggys Burn, 1843. Carex irrigua. Muckle Moss. Carex pauciflora. White Lee Syke, 1846. 69. WESTMORLAND AND N. LANCASHIRE. Trollius europzus. Windermere, 1828. Epimedium alpinum. Gathered by Southey near Winander Mere. Meconopsis. Near Winander Mere. Helianthemum canum. Near Kendal, 1827. Hypericum andros2mum. Windermere, 1820. Hypericum calycinum. Windermere, 1828. Flypericum quadratum. Waundermere, 1829. Geranium pheum. Windermere, 1820. Impatiens noli-me-tangere. Windermere, 1829. Staphylea pinnata. Windermere, 18209. Spirea Salicifolia. ‘Windermere, 1829. Epilobium angustifelium. Windermere, 1820. Circeza alpina. Bowness, 1838. Chrysosplenium aiternifolium. Windermere, 18209. Saxifraga granulata. Windermere. Ribes petreum Sm. Windermere, 1840. Sedum Telephium. Ambleside. Sedum villosum. Westmorland. Peucedanum Ostruthium. Legberthwaite, 1844. Lathrea squamaria. Windermere, 1829. Euphorbia cyparissias. Windermere, 1828. Euphorbia amygdaloides. Cartmell, 1840. Naturalist, Sheppard : Perthshire Rocks in East Yorkshire. Polygonum Bistorta. Ambleside. Aristolochia. Windermere, i828. Daphne Mezereum. Windermere, 1820. Taxus baccata. Windermere, 1820. Epipactis palustris. Windermere, 1828. Listera nidus-avis. Windermere, 1820. Allium carinatum. Windermere. Aspidium spinulosum 6. rigidum. Ulverston. fflymenophylium Wilsoni. Stock Gill Force. Lycopodium alpinum. Helm Craz, Grasmere. 70. CUMBERLAND. Arenaria rubra «. campestris. Flimby, 1820. Geranium sanguineum. Flimby, 1820. Ervum hirsutum. Flimby, 1820. Saxifraga stellaris. Skiddaw, 1841. Aster Tripolium «. radiata. Flimby, 18ao. Rumex alpinus. Mungrisedale. Juncus filiformis. Meadow at Thirlmere, 1844. Scirpus setaceus. Flimby. Eriophorum gracile Smith. ‘I hold these three, graczle Sm., angustifolium and polystachyon, to be of one species, &. poly- stachyon Linn. Should £. eracile Sm. be separated, it must bear Gaudin’s name, o/zgostachyon. Gaudin, however, gives it aS a var., but with an expression of doubt whether it ought not to be separated.’ ; Cryptogramme crispa. ‘Keswick. sik <> <= NOTE on YORKSHIRE GEOLOGY. Perthshire Rocks in East Yorkshire.—In the Tenth Report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee, published in ‘The Naturalist’ for February 1897, Mr. H. B. Muff, B.Sc., F.G.S., and the writer recorded a number of rocks, some of which could not at the time be definitely localised. Since then Mr. Muff’s appointment on the Geological Survey has brought him into contact with Scottish geology and Scottish geologists. To two of these latter (Messrs. B. N. Peach, F.R.S., ete., and E. H. Cunningham-Craig, B.A., F.G.S.) he submitted several of the Robin Hood’s Bay boulders. These gentlemen have identified some undoubted Perthshire rocks amongst the specimens, and it is interesting to note that they were principally obtained from the Upper Boulder clay, which yields sucha large proportion of Cheviot rocks. Details of the boulders will appear in the next report of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee. Mr. Muff has kindly presented the specimens to the Hull Museum, where they can be at any time referred to. T. SHEPPARD, F.G.S., Museum, Hull, 16th August 1902. 1902 November 4. (op) or 1) NOTE on YORKSHIRE PLANTS. Sagina ciliata near Leeds.—Somebody may have already noted the occurrence of this pearlwort—Sagina ciliata (Fr.)—in Alwoodley Lane; but, even if that be so, it seems worthy of mention (rare as the plant is in the West Riding) that it was there this summer in some abundance and quite finely grown. Whilst cycling along the lane last month I noticed it fringing the base of a sandy wayside bank, and dismounted in the hope of gathering S. apetala. The concealed fruit with its closely-fitting calyx, however, soon put an end to that idea; and when a lens revealed the mucronate points on two of the four sepals I concluded that it must be S. cz/iata. The plants in mass were of a beautiful, almost translucent green, and many of them some- what exceeded six inches in height. —A. E. BRADLEY, Leeds, 1st October 1902. =) + eo —_ NOTES on LAKELAND PLANTS. Menyanthes trifoliata at an Unusually High Elevation.—In July last, whilst botanising in the neighbourhood of Borrowdale, Cumberland, I found the Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) in pools near the summit of Glaramara, and flowering freely, at an altitude of about 2,350 feet.— ALBERT WILSON, 4, Eaton Road, Ilkley, 13th October 1902. Peucedanum sativum in Cumberland.—This plant, which is not in Mr. Hodgson’s ‘Flora of Cumberland,’ I found in October of this year (1902) at Silloth. There was quite a large patch of it on the embankment of the single rail that runs through the sandhills to the gun trial yard on the shore. —S. ARMITT, Rydal Cottage, Ambleside, 25th October 1902. Aliens in Cumberland. —At Silloth this October (1902) I found two interesting foreign plants apparently quite at home on the sandhills: Solanum rostratum, which had been seen previously by Miss E. J. Glaister, of Skinburness, but not recorded, and Solanum triflorum, which was in flower and making good fruit.—S. ARmiITT, Rydal Cottage, Ambleside, 25th October 1902. Heather on Humphrey Head.—On 27th September I paid a visit to Humphrey Head in Morecambe Bay, North Lancashire. The day was warm and calm, the tide was out and showed no symptonis of return, the sands were firm, and an air of peacefulness (enhanced by the spectacle of numerous gulls reposing on the waste) contrasted most forcibly with the savage ruggedness of the mountain valley I had left two days before. Walking towards the Head I observed the limestone rocks charged with fossils that flanked the shore, then having mounted the grassy summit, my attention was immediately directed to some tufts of tiny, low-crouched diminutive Heather that struggled to peer above the stunted, sheep-cropped grass. Wretched, indeed, was the plight of the heather, so utterly different from the splendid ‘three-feeters’ conspicuous on the summit of Hawkshead Moor on the previous day. Heather in a limestone district, and on soil perched on a foundation of briskly effervescing lime! It was rather a surprise. So, having secured a small quantity of the heath-clad soil, I examined it analytically on my return hither. The soil (which was acid to test-paper) was dried, passed through a 30-mesh sieve, etc., and extracted with boiling aqua regia. No effervescence whatever. The acid extracted only 9 per cent. of its weight, and left behind a brown mass of very fine granules of sand. The g per cent. included 4 oxide of iron, 2°9 alumina, 0°3 lime (CaO), leaving 1°8 of other constituents. That was enough ; the wretched poverty in lime triumphantly explained the presence of this eminently calcifugous plant on the grassy waste of Humphrey Head, but I leave to those afflicted with ‘ distribution on the brain’ to account for its passage across the limestone tract of the Cartmel district from the, say, Upper Silurians in the neighbourhood.—P. QO. KEEGAN, Patterdale, 3rd Oct. 1902. Naturalist, OCCURRENCE OF THE LITTLE BUNTING AT TEES MOUTH, CO. DURHAM: AN ADDITION TO THE NORTH COUNTRY AVI-FAUNA. C. E. MILBURN, 105, Grange Road E., Middlesbrough. On 11th October 1902, while Mr. C. Braithwaite, of Seaton Carew, and I were ‘working’ the Tees mouth on the Durham side of the river, a small bird rose at our feet out of the long grass which grows upon the inner sea wall, and at once drew our attention by its diminutive size. It settled on a piece of slag, and, upon being followed up, rose, and, uttering a ‘tick- tick-tick’ call which was strange to us, settled between the inner and outer sea wali, where it was shot by my companion. On close examination we came to the conclusion that the bird was probably the Little Bunting, but, to make assurance doubly sure, it was forwarded to the South Kensington Museum, and was identified by Mr. Ogilvie Grant as being Eméberiza pusilla Pall. The specimen is a female (by dissection), and was exhibited at a meeting of the B.O. Club on 22nd October on behalf of its present owner. As this is the first example which has occurred in the North of England, so far as is known, and only the second recorded specimen for the British Isles, the above record will no doubt be of great interest to north country ornithologists. The easterly winds which brought the above bird over caused the arrival of a good number of regular immigrants, as on the above date we noted three Shore Larks (Ofocorys alpestris), a pair of old Snow Buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis), single Great Grey Shrike (Zanius excubitor), and Hooded Crow (Corone cornix), besides the Thrushes, Redwings, Redbreasts, Rock Pipits, Larks, etc., during our usual week-end ramble. ><> NOTE on LINCOLNSHIRE BIRDS. Early Migration of Wild Geese near Horncastle.—Last evening (Friday, 12th September) I was walking in my fields when I was surprised to hear the cackling of Wild Geese, and, looking up, I counted eight passing over me, probably from the Wash to the Trent. There was a very cold east wind, but I have never seen them so early in the season. J. CONWAY WALTER, Langton Rectory, Horncastle, 13th September 1902. 1902 November 4. 34 NOTES on YORKSHIRE BIRDS. Honey Buzzards near Driffield.—A fine Honey Kite (Pernis apivorus L.) was shot about five weeks ago at Elmswell, near Driffield. It is a female, in splendid condition and plumage, the violet sheen on the plumage being very marked. The wings are 4 feet 2 inches from tip to tip. It has been stuffed, and is in one of the shops i in Driffield on exhibition. Last week what was supposed to be its mate was shot either at Ruston Parva or Rudstone, both in the neighbourhood of Driffield. —E. PERCY BLACKBURN, Driffield, 8th August 1902. Autumn Bird-notes from Spura.—An old male Snow Bunting (Plect7o- phenax nivalis) was seen here 12th September. This is an early date. A Curlew Sandpiper (dAncylochilus subarquatus) killed by flying against the telegraph wire at Spurn, 28th September. A female Fulmar (Fudmarus glacialis) was caught by some lads here on 29th September, near the fishing boats. On 6th October a good many Goldcrests (Regulus regulus) about here and since. A good many Ring Ouzels (Merula torquata) were about last week and a Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola).—PHILIP W. LOTEN, Easington, Spurn, 14th October 1902. Abundance of Magpies in the Huddersfield District.—I shall be interested to know if any of our ornithological readers experienced a large increase in the number of Magpies (Pica pica) in their districts during the past season. Here I never knew them so much in evidence, and we “have seldom been without them in the garden—in the summer often four or five at a time—all through the year. None actually nested in the garden, but one pair built in a tree just outside. A little further on were two other nests, and altogether I think there were quite ten nests within several hundred yards on different sides of this house and grounds. The effect on the smaller birds breeding in the garden was disastrous, for many which built even but a short distance from the house had their eges promptly eaten by the beautiful but ravenous Magpies, which even sucked the ducks’ eges on the pond sides. An unusual number of the smaller birds, however, doubtless directly from the self-preservation instinct, did build near the house, and four or five pairs of Thrushes and Blackbirds i in the ivy actually growing on it ; one pair of Thrushes close to one of the doors where people were constantly going in and out. Another pair built, and got their young safely away, zuside the greenhouse. The birds went in and out through a broken pane of glass, the orifice of which was so small and narrow I often wondered they were not injured by the sharp edges; whilst still another pair for safety built under a narrow wood footbridge, which was on a level with the garden path, and where almost everyone coming into or going out of the garden necessarily walked over the nest. In “his and nearly all the other cases, the young birds got safely away. It was no doubt, too, on account of the Magpies that this year we had scarcely any Missel Thrushes’ nests. These birds usually build in such exposed spots, they would have been found by the Magpies at once. The previous year an unusually large number of Missel Thrushes bred in the garden.—GEo. T. PORRITT, Crosland Hall, near Huddersfield, roth October 1902. ><> NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. The August ‘Windsor Magazine’ contains an interesting article on ‘Land Won from the Sea,’ by Beckles Willson and H. Goulding. This is accompanied by plans of Sunk Island, Hatfield Chase, ete. oe —— Yorkshire botanists will be glad to hear that Mr. George Massee, of Kew, has prepared a work, ‘ European Fungus-Flora,’ which includes 1,553 British species, which was lately published by Messrs. Duckworth & Co. Naturalist, 355 FUNGUS FORAY AT EGTON BRIDGE AND ARNCLIFFE WOODS, NEAR WHITBY. CHARLES CROSSLAND, F.L.S., Flalifax; Hon. Sec. Vorkshire Mycological Committee. THE 169th Meeting consisted of a Fungus Foray, the thirteenth of its kind (the eleventh annual) organised by the Union. It was held at Egton Bridge, near Whitby, 27th September to 2nd October, under the direct management of the Mycological Committee. Its object was the investigation of Arncliffe Woods and other portions of the romantic valley of Eskdale, a charming and fairly well-wooded district. The centre of operations was at Egton Villa, a most comfortable and in every way convenient house, which the Union Secretaries had succeeded in securing beforehand, typical headquarters where all could be accom- modated under one roof, and where all assembled on the Saturday. There were present Messrs. G. Massee, F.L.S., V.M.H. of the Royal Herbarium, Kew (President of the Committee); W. N. Cheesman, Selby; A. Clarke, Huddersfield; J. Wms. Sutcliffe, Halifax ; J. Needham, Hebden Bridge; J. H. Holland, F.L.S., and A. D. Cotton, London; C. H. Broadhead, Thongsbridge ; Reena, tfull;> and C. Crossland, Hon:\Sec. Mr. 1. Birks, Yarm-on-Tees, was unable to stay beyond the first day. Messrs. W. T. H. Wager, Derby, and Thos. Gibbs, Sheffield, wrote expressing regret at being unable to take part in the foray, and wishing it success. Consignments of fungi were received from Bramhope, Dews- bury, and Holmfirth. The opening day was very successful ; it established a record both as to numbers met with in one day and new finds. Less than a mile was covered in pastures and woods in the vicinity of Egton Lodge, and in the evening it was found that close upon 200 species had been met with. One, growing among moss on a semi-submerged boulder in the stream, proved to be new; it belongs to the Discomycetes, and is quite distinct from any hitherto-described species. It will be known as Coryne aquatica, and a full description will be given in ‘The Naturalist’ in due course. Among many other uncommon things met with was Coprinus Bresadole Schultz in the corner of a wood, and new to 1g0z November 4. 6 Crossland: Fungus Foray at Eeton Brideve Fay o> & or 3 Britain; it is a near relative of C. atramentartus. It is very seldom pasture species are met with in such variety within a small area as they were on this occasion. There were no less than twelve species of Hygrophorus and five of Clavaria. Among the former was JZ. bicolor Karst., noticed for the first time in Britain; it is distinguished from A. pratensis by its chalk-white, gradually downward-tapering stem. The beautiful pink-white A. calyptreformis was also among the number. A splendid group of Badhamia utricularta rewarded the lifting of a decaying branch from the floor of the wood; the iridescent sporophores of this elegant Myxomycete hang in grape-like clusters on a slender stalk from the under surface of the matrix upon which it has been feeding and multiplying. The first portion of the second day was given to Limber Wood, and a pasture or two on the left bank of the Esk, between Eeton Bridge and Glaisdale. A fine example of Z7icholoma sevum Gillet was picked up in one of the pastures; the second British record. It is rather remarkable that the same species should be sent to the meeting by Mr. Thomas Whitham from Bramhope. Limber Woods, with their eastern aspect, were rather barren of fungi. The Esk was crossed by the Beggars’ Bridge, Glaisdale, and presently the basket containing the lunch was unpacked at a very opportune wayside inn. After full justice had been done to the good things ‘put up’ by the hostess of Esk Villa, no time was lost in making for the adjoin- ing Arncliffe Woods. These, owing to moisture and shade, were more prolific than Limber. A quantity of well-grown plump Hydnum repandum was noticed growing in a segment of a circle. Among other things gathered were Clitocybe obsoleta, Leptontu chalybea, Pholiota flammans, Lactarius pergamenus, and Lnocybe Godeyz Gillet; the latter adds another new British record. On the Wednesday a visit was paid to Mulgrave Woods, and many additions made to the records of 1894 and 1900, among them being Muarasmius Vaillantiz, Leptonia formosa, Pholtota adiposa, Polyporus cestus, and Puccinia carices on Carex pendula, a host for this species not given in Plowright’s British Uredinee. Each morning, before starting on the day’s excursion, short runs out in the immediate neighbourhood of the headquarters were made by several of the members, while others worked at the previous day’s finds left overnight undetermined. Mr. A. Clarke took photographs of several species of especial interest. While odd genera were fairly well represented, many common species were almost nil. For instance, only a solitary specimen Naturalist,, and Arncliffe Woods, near Whitby. 354 Ur of Armillaria mellea was seen. There were no great troops of anything, but, what was perhaps better, a varied sprinkling of species. The tough, fleshy fungi which find favour with Special beetles were marked by their absence; this was disappointing, as a worthy coleopterist connected with the Union had expressed a wish that some should be sent him. The absence of weight of fungi was set down to the abnormally low temperature which prevailed in July and August. Notwithstanding weather drawbacks, this foray, in point of new and important discoveries, has been the most successful of recent years. In addition to the new species already referred to, others are under consideration, and quite a number have been added to the already long list of Yorkshire fungi. The wide experience and knowledge of fungi possessed by the President, who has a thorough grasp of the whole subject, has been the great factor in bringing about these good results. His recently published book on European Agaricacee proved exceedingly useful. It is a valuable addition to the literature dealing with systematic British Mycology. Its pages show at a glance which Species had been met with in this country up to the date of its publication and which had not. All the necessary books and microscepes were brought to the meeting. Mr. A. Clarke brought a number of new stereo-photographs of fungi, and the writer a few recent water-colour drawings of micro species. Mycology generally appears to be creating a wider interest than formerly, both from a systematic and economic standpoint. There is plenty of scope, the field being wide and the workers few. The Committee, through the Union, is much indebted to the Messrs. J. and A. B. Foster for granting the free run of their extensive Egton estates. A very intelligent and most useful local guide was also provided. Three hundred and forty Species were collected. Papers bearing the following titles were read:—‘The Modern Method of Studying Agarics,’ by the President, illustrated by large diagrams; ‘The Economic Uses of Fungi,’ by Mr. J. H. Holland, F.L.S., of the Kew Museum, illustrated by diagrams and specimens; ‘The Use of Photography in connection with the Study of Fungi,’ by Mr. A. Clarke, illustrated by numerous beautiful stereo and other photographs. Abstracts of each of the papers will appear in a future issue. , At the business meeting, held on the Wednesday evening, Mr. G. Massee was elected President of the Mycological Com- 1902 November 4. 358 Crossland: Fungus Foray at Egton Bridge mittee for the ensuing year. It was decided to recommend Helmsley for next year’s foray, commencing 26th September. In the list of species found the sequence of the groups and genera is that followed by Professor Saccardo in his ‘ Tabule Comparative Generum Fungorum Omnium,’ with a few slight exceptions. The abbreviations of the names of places where the specimens were found are :—E.B.=Egton Bridge; L.W.=Limber Wood ; A.W. =Arncliffe Woods ; M. = Mulgrave Woods. All names of species previously recorded in ‘ The Naturalist ’ for Mulgrave Woods are here omitted. not published. BASIDIOMYCETE. (GASTROMYCET 4.) NIDULARIACEAE. Cyathus Haller. C. striatus Hoffm. M. Sphezrobolus Tode. S. stellatus Tode. M. On rotting wood. LYCOPERDIACE. Geaster Micheli. G. hygrometricus Pers. E.B. Among grass in hill-side pasture. Lycoperdon Tournf. i Hoyle Bern ab: Among grass in open wood. L. gemmatum Batsch. E.B. In pasture. L. pyriforme Scheff. E.B. In hill-side pasture. Bovista Dill. Be plumbea Pers Shp: In hill-side pasture. SCLERODERMACEA:. Scleroderma Pers. S. vulgare Fr. A.W. PHALLACEE. ithyphallus Fr. I. impudicus L. E.B. In open wood. Mutinus Fr. M. caninus Fr. E.B. Among moss in woodland. The 1894 foray was (HAYMENOMYCETA:. ) AGARICACEA. Agaricee. Leucosporee. Amanita Pers. A. muscaria (L.). L.W. A. pantherina (DC.). E.B. AS rubescens Pie) Sas: Amanitopsis Roze. A. vaginatus (Bull.). E.B. Lepiota Fr. L. procera (Scop) eae L. naucina Fr. 5B. L. carcharia (PRers.)) ) ESB: In hill-side pasture. L. granulosa (Batsch). E.B. In open wood. Armillaria Fr. A. mellea (Vahl). L.W. The mycelium only, on stump. Tricholoma Fr. T. spermaticum Fr. LW. On the ground. a stans Pro wae T. cutilans (Sthzett)) Sa cawWwe About decaying stump. album (Scheels) ieee. T. szvum Gillet. E.B. In pasture near. T. grammopodium (Bull.). T. sordidum Fr. Clitocybe Fr. C. nebularis (Batsch). M. On the ground. C. phyllophila Fr. A.W. Among dead beech-leaves. AVE EEDA. Naturalist, and Arncliffe Woods, near Whitby. C. infundibuliformis (Scheeff.). C. obsoletus (Batsch). A.W. C. fragrans (Sow.). E.B. Ge aecatay (Scop.) (=Laccaria 7B laccata B.&Br.). E.B. In open wood. Collybia Fr. Weradicata( Bull.) E.B. C. platyphylla Fr. L.W. Among dead leaves. C. butyracea (Bull.). E.B. Wrvelunipes (Curt.). -. M. C. confluens (Pers.). E.B. CAdryophila (Bull.). E.B. Among dead leaves. Mycena Fr. Wirpura (Pers.). . E:B. Among grass, wood-side. Nesowpscackr. 1.5. Among grass. Megucesa Fr. E.B. On rotting stump. M. galericulata (Scop.). E.B. On dead stump. M. polygramma (Bull.). E.B. On dead stump. MS alealina Fr. - E.B. On decaying wood. M. stanea Fr. On the ground among grass. Menlopes (Bull). &.B. M. hzematopoda (Pers. ). On decaying branches. M. sanguinolenta Fr. E.B. On decaying leaves. M.tenerrima B. E.B. M. corticola (Schum. ). Omphalia Fr. O. fibula (Bull.). Among moss. Var. Swartzii Fr. Pleurotus Fr. _P. chioneus (Pers. ). On dead twigs. DA oy i. B: E.B. L.W. hel 8% Rhodosporee. Entoloma Fr. Be jubatum Fr. E.B. E. sericeum (Bull.). In pasture. KE. nidorosum Fr. Among grass. E.B. A.W. 1902 Nove.nber 4. oe) Sat \O Clitopilus Fr. C. prunulus (Scop.). M. C. stilbocephalus (Berk.). Leptonia Fr. L. solstitialis Fr. E.B. In hill-side pasture. L. chalybea (Pers.). L. formosa Fr. M. Nolanea Fr. N. pascua (Pers.). 1s 1B). A.W. i. B. Ochrosporee. Pholiota Fr. Reucocie iva ia wld. P. adiposa Fr. M. Under decaying tree trunk. P. flammans Fr. A.W. On new stump. P. mutabilis (Scheeff. ). On decaying stump. Inocybe Fr. I. Godeyi Gillett. A.W. ierimosa: (Bull) eB eAc We I. Clarkii (B.& Br.). A.W. I. geophylla (Sow.). A.W. Hebeloma Fr. Ee elutinosum (eid). {EB: E.B. lal, joeyoreneteuen Ij ds ie%. Flammula Fr. Pe spumosarhna 2 S- Naucoria Fr. N. melinoides Fr. E.B. N. temulenta Fr. E.B. Ne sobniavlina lea N. conspersa Fr. E.B. N. carpophila Fr. E.B. Galera Fr. G. tenera (Scheeff.). E.B. G. hypnorum (Batsch). E.B. Tubaria Fr. ab. turturacea (ens. eb. Crepidotus Fr. C. mollis (Scheeff.). E.B. On dead trunk. C: applanatus(Pers.). E.B. On fallen branch. Bolbitius Ir. B. flavidus (Scheeff.). L.W. B. titubans Fr. E.B. In meadow. Cortinarius Pers. C. (Phleg.) varius Scheff. E.B. 60 (os) A.W. BB. eB: L.W. . (Derm.) sanguineus Fr. . (Hygr.) dolobratus Fr. . (Hygr.) leucopus Bull. . (Hygr.) acutus Pers. PU@le@l (e Melanospore2. Agaricus L. A. arvensis Scheff. A. campestris L. A. comptulus Fr. Stropharia Fr. . S. albocyanea (Desm.). S: stercorania Fr: “ESB. S. semiglobata (Batsch). Hypholoma Fr. H. sublateritium (Scheeff. ). On stump. ~~ E-B., L.W. Fi. elzcodes | Fr Law. On stump. H. fasciculare (Huds.), On stump. H. velutinum (Pers.). On the ground. H. Candolleanum Fr. M. On stump. Panzolus Fr. P. leucophanes B.& Br. E.B. P. phalznarum Fr. E.B. P. campanulatus L. E.B. P. papilionaceus Bull. E.B. All on decayed dung in pastures. Anelliaria Karst. i. Be Bob: £3: 2B: E.B. E.B. LW: A Se petatan i. yaa: A. fimiputris Karst. E.B. Both on cow dung. Psilocybe Fr. P. sarcocephala Fr. A.W. P. semilanceata Fr. E.B., A.W. Var. coerulescens C... E.B. Pr spadiceari: Var. polycephala Fr. A.W. P: icenisecu Pers, - 2283 Psathyra Fr. P. conopilea Fr. Among grass. P. obtusata Fr. Psathyrella Fr. PL sraciis tis) ab: P. disseminata (Pers.). About old stump. P. atomata Fr. E.B. Roadsides, among grass. EB: EB: EUB: Crossland : fungus Foray at Egton Bridge Coprinus Pers. C. atramentarius Fr. A.W. On decayed stump. C. Bresadolze Schultz. E.B. On the ground among branches in a wood. C. niveus Pers. . E.B. On decayed cow dung. C. micaceus Bull. E.B. On decaying stump. C. radiatus (Bolton). E.B. On horse dung among tall grass. rotten C. plicatilis Curt. E.B. Among grass. C. hemerobius Fr. — E.B. Gomphidius Fr. G. gracilis)/Berk.” EeB! Among grass. Paxiilez. Hygrophorus Fr. calyptrzeformis B. E.B. . psittacinus Scheeff. E.B. . unguinosus Fr. E.B. . nitratus Pers. M. All the Egton Bridge Hygrophori were in the pastures about Egton Lodge. Paxillus Fr. P. involutus Fr.) EB: P. paradoxus Cke. -E.B. On sandy ground, stream side. H. eburneus Bull. M. i. pratensis, Pr, ibe Hi. bicolor Karsizas ab H. virgineus Wulf. E.B. H. niveus Fr. E.B. H.. lztus Fr: (=H Houghton: B:). Bab: H. vitellinus Fe- EZB. H. ceraceus Wulf. E.B. H. turundus Fr. A.W. H. puniceus:hr BB: H. obrusseus Fr. E.B. lel H H H Lactarie@. Lactarius Pers. L. torminosus (Scheeff.). M. L. pyrogalus (Buil.). E.B. L. piperatus (Scop.). E.B. L. pergamenus Fr. A.W. Naturalist, and Arncliffe Woods, near Whitby. 361 L. pallidus (Pers.). M. B. chrysenteron Fr. E.B. Peamictus Fr. £.B: Besbaidians, en Awe L. glyciosmus Fr. E.B. IB Seejosin lhe, 18,18, L. fuliginosus Fr. E.B. On the ground among grass in L. picinus Fr. A.W. and near the woods. L. volemus Fr. E.B. L. subtomentosus Lind. A.W. Polyporee. All in the woodlands and on the borders of adjoining fields. Russula Pers. R. nigricans Bull. aaaustaseers.. K.B. mustelina Fr. L.W. . cutefracta Cke. M. supra DC. ZA.W., E.B. vesca Fr. A.W. azurea Bresad. E.B. cyanoxantha Scheff. E.B. fellea Fr. E.B. ochroleuca Pers. . granulosa Cke. Piiaciisseers. I.B. . lutea Huds. A. W. Ail in and about the woods. 1 Be laa ee A.W. AAA A A Cantharellez. Cantharellus Pers. Cyaurantiivacus Fr. A.W. Marasmiee. Marasmius Fr. M. peronatus (Bolton). E.B. M. oreades (Bolton). E.B. In rings in pastures. M- erythropus Fr. .E.B. M2 Vaillantii Fr. M. M. amadelphus Fr. E.B. M. candida (Bolton). E.B. Msrorula Scop. E.B. M. androsaceus L. E.B. M. Hudsoni Pers. E.B. . Under holly bushes on the fallen leaves. Lentinus Fr. L. cochleatus Fr. M. On old stump. POLYPORACEZA.. Boletez. Boletus Dill. Betuteus L.> E.B. B. elegans Schum. Isolbe 1902 November 4. Polyporus Mich. P. squamosus Fr. E.B. On stump. BP. Rostkowil Mirae iB: On decaying stump. panko ms) Ene lyase On decaying stump, almost over- grown by. moss and grass. P. sulphureus Fr.’ A.W. P. czsius Fr. M. Pa fragilis a EB: On decaying fir wood. Fomes Fr. F. fomentarius Fr. E.B. On stump. Peannosusv hr) ob. Bs On new stump. F. applanatus (Wallr.). On base of trunk. F. ferruginosus Fr. Polystictus Fr. P. versicolor Fr. E.B., etc. Common on dead stumps. P. abietinus Fr. A.W. On decaying fir wood. Poria Pers. Pe Vaporaga tr. oka, (es We, ke. On fallen branches, etc. P. blepharistoma B.& Br. On dead twigs. Pemucida Bir. IME PMtecrestnist hn. she b:, law. On damp, shaded ground. Dedalea Pers. D. unicolor Fr. M. On dead log. Be. Dabs Id als D. quercina Pers. E.B. On oak stumps. HYDNACE2.. Hydnum L. H. repandum L. On the ground, Arncliffe Wood. Fine specimens growing in the segment of a circle. 362 Crossland : Grandinia Fr. G. granulosa Fr. E.B. On decaying wood. CLAVARIACEA3. Clavaria Vaill. ~lastictaita lan Dob. . cinerea Bull. L.W. Chistata, Molmsk., Ie, We . fusiformis Sow. A.W., E.B. E.B. EBs . inzequalis Fl. Dan. . vermicularis Scop. .fumosa Pers. E.B. All in pastures except C. cinerea and C. cristata, which were found in Limber Wood. Typhula Pers. d pusilla’ Schreet. VAGW: On decaying leaves. THELEPHORACEA:. Thelephoree. ACO OOOO Stereum Pers. S: hirsutum rs) EBs S. purpureum Pers. E.B. S. rugosum Fr. E.B. All on dead wood. Corticium Fr. C. sebaceum (Berk.). E.B. C. arachnoideum Berk. A.W. C. roseolum Mass. L.W. On decaying rail. C. comedens Fr. E.B. On cortex of hazel branch. Hymenochete Lév. Hetabacinialvev-menvle On fallen trunk. Cyphella Fr. Cy capulay Pima Eas. On dead herbaceous stems. Peniophora Cooke. P. cinerea Cke. E.B. Coniophora DC. C. arida Karst. TREMELLACEZE. Auricularie2. L. W. Hirneola Fries. H. auricula-judz Berk. E.B. On living branches of Sambucus nigra. Fungus Foray at Egton Bridge Tremellez. Exidia Fr. E. albida Brefeld. Tremella Dill. EB: T. mesenterica Retz. M. Dacryomyctez. Dacryomyces Nees. D. chrysocomus Br abe On decayed wood. Protoclavariez. Calocera Fr. ©. viscosa Fro. EB: Crcorneashic ais: Both on dead stump. UREDINACE AG. Melampsoree. Melampsora Cast. M. betulina (Pers.). L.W. On Betula alba leaves. M. cireeze (Schum.). “EW. On leaves of Circzea lutetiana. Coleosporium Lévy. C. senecionis (Pers.). On Senecio vulgaris. C: sonchi (Pers.). E-B: On Petasites vulgaris. 13,186 Puccinee. Uromyces Link. U. fabz (Pers.). M. On Faba vulgaris. valerianz (Schum.). E.B. On Valeriana officinalis. Puccinia Pers. Peavaolac (Sicitumals) yaa Peimentha Persh bss: On Mentha aquatica. Us P. rubigo-vera (DC.). “E.B: P. poarum Niels as P. suaveolens (Pers.). E.B. On Carduus arvensis. P. caricis (Schum.). M. On leaves of Carex pendula. P. hieracii (Schum.). E.B. P. centaureze Mart. E.B. On Centaurea nigra. P. taraxaci Plow. E.B. On Taraxacum officinale. P. polygoni Pers. E.B. On Polygonum amphibium. Naturalist, and Arncliffe Woods, near Whitby. 36 P. oblongata (Link.). E.B. On Luzula maxima. P. lychnidearum Link. E.B. On Lychnis diurna. Peveronicc (Schum.).. &.B: On Veronica montana. P. glechomatis DC. M. On Nepeta glechoma. Phragmidium Link. P. violaceum (Schultz.). Pecubn(eers.)s7 E.B: Both on Rubus. P. subcorticatum (Schrank). E.B. On leaves and stems of Rosa. ASCOMYCETA:. (PYRENOMYCET4.. ) PERISPORIACEZE. Erysiphee. EB: Sphzrotheca Lév. S. pannosa Lév. E.B. Oidium stage, on Rosa. S. Castagnei Lév. E.B. On peas in garden. Erysiphe Hedw. E. polygoni DC. E.B. On Heracleum sphondylium and Anthriscus sylvestris. FE. cichoracearum DC. L.W. On Arctium. SPHAERIACE A. Spherelleez. Spherella C.&D. S. fragariastri Tul. E.B. On cultivated strawberry ‘plants, garden, Esk Villa. Saaumicis Desm. — i. B. On Rumex obtusifolia. Sihederce Sow. E.B. XYVLARIACE AE. Hypoxylon Bull. H. rubiginosum Fr. Xylaria L. Nesinypoxylon Ll. E.B., .W., A.W. VALSACEA.. Eutypa Tul. 1h. lene, Ill, 1902 November 4. E.B. Bis 1B. DOTHIDEACE4é. Phyllachora Fckl. P. graminis Fckl. On grass stems. IBA 1B%e HYPOCREACE4®. Nectria Fr. N. cinnabarina Fr. E.B. Mostly in the conidial stage on fallen branches. Hypomyces Fr. H. chrysospermus Tul. On decaying Boletus. abs HYSTERIACEA:. Lophodermium Chev. LU pinastue(Schrads). Vil: We On leaves of Scotch Fir. Dicheaena Fr. D. quercina-(Pers.). On dead oak wood. Dabs (DISCOMYCET.. ) HELVELLACEA&. Helvella L. H. ephippium Lév. M. On the ground. PEZIZACEAE. Peziza Dill. P. sepiatra Cke. E.B. On road scrapings. P. succosa Berk. (=Galactinia succosa Sacc., Syl Vill ns307)) Mk Humaria Fr. H. melaloma (Fckl.) Mass. H. granulata (Bull.) Sace. On cow dung in fields. Daler BB. H. violacea (Pers.) Sacc. E.B. On charred ground. H. Oocardii (Kalch.) Sace. L.W. On decaying thorn wood in swamp. Lachnea Fr. L. coprinaria (Cke.) Phil. E.B. On cow dung in field. L. scutellata (L.) Gill.” A.W. On decaying moist wood and on bare ground. 364 L. umbrorum (Cke.) Gill. E.B. On bare ground. Helotium Fr. H. terricenunl Ckey 2.1: On bare ground. H. citrinum (Hedw.) Fr. E.B. On dead wood. H. flavum (Klotsch.) Phil. A.W. On decorticated wood. Rese On dead twigs in swamp. H. moniliferum (Phil.) Mass. A.W. On dead wood with the conidial condition. . H. cyathoideum (Bull.) Karst. E.B. On decaying herbaceous stems. H. scutulum (Pers.) Karst. E.B. On decaying herbaceous stems. H. herbarum (Pers.) Fr. A.W. On decaying herbaceous stems. Hivepipliyllumay (ers: e i vee On dead leaves. Hy iaedneum) (Pers. eg. eV: On decaying hazel nuts. H. conigenum (Pers.) Fr. On fir cones. Cyathicula DeNot. © coronata (Bulll))) 12. B ae. On dead herbaceous stems. Chiorosplenium Fr. C. zruginosum CEd. L.W. Mollisia Fr. M. cinerea (Batsch). E.B. M. fusca (Sacc.) Mass. M. Pseudopeziza Fckl. . P. fenesueda (Tul.) Mass. Dasyscypha Fr. D. nivea (Hedw.) Mass. A.W. D. acutipila (Karst.). E.B. On decaying grass stems. D. Soppitti Mass. M. On dead oak leaves. H. uliginosum Fr. 151835 D. hyalina (Pers.) Mass. E.B. On dead wood. D. calycina (Schum.). E.B. On larch twigs. Belonidium M.&D. B. pruinosum (Jerd.) Mass. Erinella Sacc. EK. apala (B.&Br.). On dead Juncus. E.B: Et Crossland: Fungus Forav at Egton Bridge, etc. ASCOBOLACEA. Ascophanus Boud. A. granuliformis (Crouan). E.B. On cow dung. A. equinus (Miill.). E.B. Ascobolus Pers. A. furfuraceus Pers. E.B. Common on cow dung. A. atro-fuscus Phil.& Plow. E.B. On charred ground. A. immersus Pers. E.B. On cow dung. BULGARIACE2. Leotia Hill. Leaciculans Pensa a leaie Orbilia Fr. ©. leucostigma Fr. ~ AW. O. auricolor (Blox.). E.B. O. luteo-rubella (Nyl.) Karst. E.B. All three on dead wood. Coryne Tul. C. sarcoides (Jacq.). On dead wood. C. aquatica Mass.&Crossl. E.B. Among moss on partially sub- merged boulder in the river Esk. PHACIDIACE4E. Trochila Fr. T. ilicis Crouan. E.B. On dead holly leaves. Rhytisma Fr. R. acerinum Pers. E.B., L.W., A.W. Common on sycamore leaves. PHYCOMYCETA®. MUCORACE4:. Mucoree. Syzygites Ehrb. S. megaloacarpus Ehrb. (=Sporo- A.W. iB: dinia aspergillus Schreet.). On decaying Agaric. Pilobolus Tode. P. crystallinus Tode. E.B. Common on cow dung. CYSTOPODACEA®. Cystopus Lév. C. candidus Lév. On Capselia. EB: “Naturalist, Sheppard: Notes on Geology. 305 PERONOSPORACEZ2. Phytophthora DeBary. P. infestans DeB. E.B. On potato leaves. DEUTEROMYCETA. SPHA2RIOIDACE 2. Phyllosticta Pers. P. viola Desm. E.B. HYPHOMYCETA.. MUCEDINACE4E. Cylindrium Bon. C. flavo-virens Bon. M. On fallen oak leaves. Botryosporium Corda. B. diffusum Corda. E.B. On dead branch. Penicillium Link. P. glaucum Link. E.B. On decaying Agaric. Botrytis Mich. Beognlsarnis, Pr. EB: On dead herbaceous stems. Ramularia Unger. Re caleea Ces. EB. On ground-ivy leaves. DEMATIACE4&. Torula Pers. ieedecoariumelini. Bb. On dead herbaceous stems. Cladosporium Link. C. herbarum Link. E.B. On dead herbaceous stems. STILBACE i. Stilbum Tode. _S. fimetarium B.& Br. 18183 Common on rabbit dung. Isaria Pers. i tarninosaptt, 9S. I. brachiata Schum. E.B. On decaying Agaric. TUBERCULARIACE A. 4Egerita Pers. Va cCanaicarl ea) joa. MY XOMYCET AE. Physaree. Badhamia Berk. B. utricularia B. E.B. Pendant irom: a branch. Physarum Pers. Renutansvee meas Craterium Trent. C. leucocepkalum (Pers.) Ditm. E.B. On leaves, etc. fallen rotten Didymiez. Didymium Schrad. Diseroala kin eb. Dy nicinipessinn | lab: Heteroderme2. Cribraria Pers. C. macrocarpa Schrad. E.B. Tricheez. Trichia Hall. T. fragilis Rost. E.B. Arcyrie&. Arcyria Hill. A. punicea Pers. E.B. On rotten wood. A. nutans Grev. (=A. flava Pers.). M. On rotten wood. o>? ___ NOTES on GEOLOGY. Landslip at Withernsea.—A landslip occurred at Withernsea early in July, at the north end of the village, carrying away part of some farm buildings.—T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 22nd July 1902. Deep Well at Lincoln.—A well is now being constructed at Lincoln which will be over 2,000 feet deep when completed, and should add to our knowledge of the underground geological structure of Lincolnshire. T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 22nd July 1902. 1902 November 4. 366 NOTES on MOLLUSCA. Limax cinereo-niger in North Lancashire.—On the evening of 6th September my wife called my attention to a fine slug of uncommon colour, on the roadside between Water Yeat and Lake Bank. It turned out to be the above species. On referring to Adams’ ‘ Shells,’ ed. 2, 1896, p. 198, I found that at that date it was not on record for V.C. 69, and I do not know if it has been chronicled previously to this for the Lancashire portion of the vice-county.—S. LISTER PETTY, Ulverston, 6th October 1902. Shells at Hornsea Mere.—On the excursion of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club to Hornsea on 30th August, a section exposed during the erection of a new gasometer at the Hornsea Gasworks was examined. This is situated near the railway station, some little distance from the Mere. The excavation had been made through beds of gravel, shell marl, and peat, which showed that the Mere had formerly occupied this area. From the marl the following shells, identified by Mr. Petch, B.Sc., were collected :—Spherium corneum, Pisidium fontinale,* Valvata piscinalis, V. cristata,” Bithynia tentaculata, Limnea peregra, L. aurt- cularia,* and Planorbis albus.* The four marked with an asterisk (*) are additions to the list from a similar deposit at Hornsea, given in Reid’s ‘Geology of Holderness,’ p. 82.—T. SHEPPARD, The Museum, Hull, 6th September 1902. ee ee NOTES on METECROLOGY. Remarkable Sunsets in Yorkshire.—For several evenings, but particularly on 17th July, Yorkshire people have experienced most beautiful sunsets. These have been connected with the recent eruption in the West Indies, which filled the atmosphere with minute particles of voicanic dust.— T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 22nd July 1¢o02. Waterspout at Cottingham, East Yorkshire.—A waterspout burst over Cottingham, near Hull, during the morning of 17th July. According to the ‘Eastern Morning News,’ the clouds, which assumed a tortuous conical shape, rotated rapidly towards the earth. The phenomena lasted several minutes, and then the spout commenced to grow shorter and shorter, until it disappeared altogether.—T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 22nd July 1902. ee 0 ars NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. A Condor (Sarcorhamphus gryphus), brought sixteen years ago as a nestling from the Chilian Andes, has recently laid an egg at the Natural History Museum, Newcastle-on-Tyne. ae Mr. J. R. Mortimer, the Driffield antiquary, is about to publish the results of his forty years’ diggings amongst the Ancient Britons. All the important ‘finds’ will be illustrated from drawings by Miss Mortimer. ——_0+-e—_—_—— In the House of Commons on the 15th July Sir John Leng asked whether any record had been kept of the loss of land on the Holderness coast, and whether any measures had been taken to arrest the changes affecting the navigation of the Humber. In reply it was stated that no official record was kept, and that attention was given to the protection of Spurn Point. ———o<>-o9—___ Mr. J. W. Wilson, F.R.H.S., of South Cave, has printed two pamphlets for private circulation, viz.: ‘The Economic Properties of dgave americana (the American Aloe),’ and ‘The Chrysanthemum: its History and Develop- ment.’ The latter was read to the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club last November. Naturalist, NOTES on REPTILES. Grass Snake near Hull.—During the last few years Grass Snakes (Zvopidonotus natrix) have been very numerous in Holderness, particularly in the district immediately east of Hull. A very fine specimen, caught at Kelsey Hill by Mr. J. W. Boult, has been placed alive in the Hull Museum, where it is a source of attraction.—T. SHEPPARD, Hull, rsth July rooz. The Grass Snake in the Hull Museum has recently cast its skin. The entire skin was gradually stripped, commencing at the head, and the process occupied two days. The snake has also laid seven eggs—two on 4th August, one on the 8th, one on the 13th, and the remainder at intervals of about a week each. The eggs are nearly an inch long and are of a cream colour. They have a tough cuticle instead of the ordinary ege shell.—T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 14th August, 1902. Lizard in Lancashire (Vice-Counties 60 and 69).—Macpherson (‘Fauna of Lakeland,’ p. 462) gives only one localised record for the occur- rence of Lacerta vivipara Jacq., and that is in Westmorland, near Tebay. The animal is said by him to be plentiful. It may on the warm moors, but it so happens that I have not been so fortunate as to see many. Last year one crossed the road in front of me near Newland Trough, outside Ulverston, and the other day one was on the stones of the stile at the bottom of the hill between Bank and Burton Wells, Silverdale.—S. L. PETTY, Ulverston, 9th July 1902. Living Toads in Solid Stome.—I was told by a friend the other day that the sexton at his church had found a yard deep, while digging a grave, a flower-head ‘like a knur,’ and in good preservation, which proved to be that of the Globe Thistle. Feeling incredulous—I suppose I looked so— when my friend said, in answer to my thoughts, ‘ the sexton knew it was so, because he threw it out with the earth.’ That both were perfectly sincere I had no doubt, but I knew, of course, that (as they stated it) it was impossible. On inquiry, I found that a ‘ mate’ had slipped the flower-head into the sexton’s pocket, in order to ‘have him on,’ and he ‘ reckoned ’ it had fallen out while he was digging. Here, thought I, is a parallel to the ‘living toad’ story. The flower-head is the toad; the sexton is the finder thereof ; the friend is the one who tells what the finder has found, both fully believing what they state, but (having no scientific training) mistaken. The finding of an undecayed thistle-head a yard deep in undisturbed earth is as well authenticated as the finding of a living toad in a solid block of carboniferous sandstone, neither more nor less. When one has seen a dead toad under such circumstances, it will be quite soon enough to expect to see a living one. The head of the Globe Thistle (Echinops spherocephala) is, however, an interesting example of Linnzeus’ Class Syngenesia, Order Polygamia segregata, each floret having a separate involucre, or (more scientifically expressed) ‘numerous one-flowered capitula collected into one large spherical head.’--W. FOWLER, Liversedge, 22nd September 1902. ye NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. It is reported that two slight earthquake shocks occurred at Cheadle, Cheshire, on the 8th July. oo Mr. C. S. Eccles (Hull) has issued a 28 pp. pamphlet dealing with the ‘History of the Springhead Waterworks,’ from which Hull's water supply is obtained. f ———oo—__—_ The Rev. M. C. F. Morris, Rector of Nunburnholme, has written a valuable pamphlet of 32 pages on ‘The Vowel-Sounds of the East Yorkshire Folk-Speech.’ 1902 November 4. 3608 NOTES on LEPIDOPTERA. Death’s Head Moth in Furness.—On either the 1st or 2nd of October I heard of a Lindal Moor miner who had a ‘ singing butterfly.’ On getting hold of him in the evening the insect, which was in a tin box and making a great noise, turned out to be Acherontia atropos. Seemingly the moth was in decent condition, but its owner would not allow it to be taken out of the box. It was caught on Lindal Bank, Lindal-in-Furness. I am told a few were’ heard of last year.—S.. L. Petty, Ulverston, 6th October 102. Sesia sphegiformis at Bishop’s Wood, Yorkshire.—In connection with the proposed supplement to the ‘List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera,’ Mr. F. Emsley, jun., of Leeds, recently sent me for examination a fine specimen of this Moth, which he took ‘on an alder leaf’ in Bishop’s Wood, near Selby, 1st July 1894. The only previous county record for the species was that of a specimen taken at York many years ago, the locality of which (Langwith) is now destroyed.—GEoO. T. PoRRITT, Crosland Hall, near Huddersfield, roth October 1go2. Sphinx convolvuli and Yanessa io near Spurn.—I had brought me by two boys on 15th August a specimen of Sphinx convolvulz. After telling them what it was we let it go. A Sparrow on the house-top must have been watching us, for, as soon as we let it go, it flew after the moth, and, in spite of our running and shouting, it flew with it over a wall to enjoy its prey. Another S. convolvult was seen in the garden last week. These are the only two I have heard of this season about here. We have had a good many Peacock Butterflies (Vazessa io) of late about here. It is some years since I have seen them in my garden.— PuHiLtip W. LOTEN, Easington, 13th September 1902. Zeuzera zsculi and other Lepidoptera near Caistor, Lincoin- shire.—On the 13th August I caught a beautiful example of Zeuzera esculz, 3% inches in length. It was laying eggs when I caught it. I saw another two days later. On the 15th August I caught a Common Footman (Lithosia complanula). Last year | caught two examples of the Small Elephant Hawkmoth (Chevocampa porcellus) on the Syringa trees.—F. W. SOWERBY, Cuxwold Hali, Caistor, Lincolnshire, 19th August 1902. The occurrence of Zeuzera esculz is interesting ; the insect appears to have been unusually common this year, quite a number having occurred in the Barnsley district.—G. T. PoRRITT. => <= NORTHERN NOTES and NEWS. ‘Lincolnshire Spiders’ is the title of a pamphlet issued by the Grimsby Naturalists’ Society. It is a reprint of Mr. A. Smith’s paper in ‘The Naturalist,’ and is interleaved. a ‘Pigmy Flint Implements from the Sand Beds at Scunthorpe in Lincolnshire’ is the title of a paper by the Rev. R. A. Gatty, printed in abstract in ‘Man’ for February last. Several small flint flakes are figured and described, but whether these are evidence of a Pigmy race of people is another matter. There is certainly not the slightest evidence of such a race in England. a So In the transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society, Part 4, 1902, just published, our enthusiastic contributor, Mr. C. Crossland, F.L.S., has a most important contribution on ‘Some Place-Names in the Parish of Halifax, considered in relation to surrounding Natural Features.’ In this, Mr. Crossland reveals ability of observation such as could only be acquired by a naturalist. No fewer than 1,300 place-names have reference to the natural inequalities of the-gurface in the parish of Halifax. Pig ae Naturalist, CNET} 8 NOV.1902 THE NATURALIST. SUBSCRIPTIONS to this iournal are for the Whole Calendar Year. DISCONTINUANCE Notices do not take effect till the End of the Year during which they are received. 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List & Francke, Leipzig. —Antiquariats- Katalog, No. 347, Bibliotheca Zoologica, November 1902. [ Publisher. Chas. Bailey.—Adventitious Vegetation of the Sandhills of St. Anne’s-on-the-Sea, 8vo. reprint, 1902. _[Author. W. Neuberger, Berlin.—Preis-Liste, No. 8, No. 9, Lepidoptera, 1g02. [Publisher. LAKELAND BIRDS, Studies of. By Mary L. Armitt. Sreconp Srrigs — now ready, post free Is. 2d.; both series 2s. 3d., from GEORGE. MIDDLETON, ~ Ambleside. : we pee 369 DISTRIBUTION OF HYPOCHAERIS MACULATA IN ENGLAND. ARTHUR BENNETT, F.L.S., Croydon: In England in former days this plant was much confused with maculate Azeraciz, as notes by S. Gibson (Phytologist, 1, 744i, 1943), and-H. C. Watson (l.c., 841-1138) will show. ‘In Hudson’s time (1798) the ‘ Devil’s Ditch and Burnach Heath, Northampton,’ were the only stations given, and as late as 1849 we find H. C. Watson (Cyb. Brit., 2, 40, 1849) writing ‘I make no doubt that the greater number of localities recorded for this plant are wide errors, through mistaking the maculate varieties of Hieructum murorum, and probably other species, for the present plant.’ He there only records Suffolk, Cambridge, and Carmarvon,; but ini 1852 (Cyb. Brit., 3,451) he allows that Cornwall and Essex must be added. The counties now known are 1. Cornwall W.!, 16. Essex N.!, 26. Suffolk W.!, 29. Cam- bridge!, 32. Northampton!, 49. Carnarvon!, 53. Lincoln §S.!, and 69. Lake-Lancashire.! Of these it is probably existent in all except the second and fifth. Hypocheris maculata Linn. Sp. pl., ed. 1, 2, 810, 1753. Achyrophorus maculatus Scop. Fl. Carn., No. 4, 986, 1753. 8. minor. N. E. Forsall, Bot. Notiser, 34, 1844. The single headed small form. : 4. Muelleri Lange (Leoniodon hirtum Millie LS Dank. teloon em. tlanb. Danske Fl., ed. 3, 584, 1864. With pinnatifid leaves, leafy stem and several flower-heads. Bas pBoet., ed.,1, t. 2253, ed. 3, t.\.791, the simgle headed \ ~ small plant. English name, Spotted Cat’s-ear. t.CORNWALL W. - The Lizard: Hore in Phytl., 163, 1842; Johns. in Herb. ‘Brit. Museum, July 1847! Kynance: Johns. in Herb. Roy. Hist. Soc. Cornwall; R. V. Tellam sp., 1869; W. M. Rogers sp., 1873; W. B. Waterfall sp., 1874; W. Curnow sp., 1878. 16. Essex N. Bartlow Hills; S. Dale before 1686; E. Forster, 1799; “Cumings in Herb. Winch!, 1840; G. 5. Gibson, 1861 ; App. Fl. Essex, 412, 1862. Prof. Boulger writes that he has. no knowledge of its being found since 1861. Sought for carefully Ghia Pa “ 1902 December t. 370 Bennett: Distribution of Hypocheris maculata. in 1901, without success; I fear it is gone. These hills are no doubt artificial, i.e., tumuli, but the neighbourhood abounds with rare chalk plants. 26. SUFFOLK W. Risby Chalk bank, Sir T. G. Cullum, 1804; Jordan sp., 1876; Cavenham, Lady Blake ; Icklingham, Sir J.-E: Smith>. Hind,” Pl. Suff., 2190, 1889; Newmarket Heath, Ray, Cat. Pl. Cant. ADO. LOOR. 28. NORFOLK W. Gressinghall, R. Wigham, Add. in FI. Britt. Fl. Norfolk, _ p. vill. and 83, 1866, K. Trimmer. No recent record, and the Rev. E. F. Linton saw nothing of it in visits to Gressinghall ; but he was unaware of the ‘ Devil’s Ditch’ near there, where I suspect it grew. | 29. CAMBRIDGE. Gogmagog Hills, Ray, 1663; hillock between Triplow Heath and Foulmire; TP. Martyn; Meth. Pl. Cant: nas:, 1727 ;, Devils Ditch, near Reche, Henslow; Devil’s Ditch, Winch Herb.!, 21st. June 1823; Elildersham Purze irulls, ©. Ce Babineten, West, 1895! Searched for here in 1901 unsuccessfully. 32. NORTHAMPTON. Southorpe, Berkeley MS., Watson, Top. Bot., ed. 1, 216, 1873 ; Southorpe Quarries, June 1878, G, C. Druce sp.; Bernech or Bernach Heath (Ray), Eng. Flora. 49g. CARNARVON. Cliffs above the town of Llandudno, Winch Herb.!, June 1828 ; rocks at Llandudno, Winch, New Bot. Guide, 240, 1835 ; Painter sp., 1897; Griffith sp., 1882. 527 J eINCOLN |S): Highdyke, Leadenham, on the old Roman road, 1896; Woodruffe Peacock sp., Naturalist, 169, 1897. 69. WESTMORLAND. Between Kendal and Ambleside, Woodward. Not been confirmed. LAKE-LANCASHIRE. ‘Limestone clitfs of the steep west face of Humphrey Head ; said'to be plentiful*by Mr. Hall;> Witherme; Arr. Brit. Pl, eds W. 2) 6G 1h, 17,66: Dr. Windsor, 22rd June 18575 21st/Jume 1861 5“ Phy teaee 1857; 260, 1861; Dr.'M. Hind, 20th July 1870 (22 inches high Naturalist, Bennett: Distribution of Hypocheris muculata. AGal and two headed), Herb. Brit. Mus.!; ‘Now nearly or quite extinct,’ Baker, Lake Flora, 121, 1885; see Naturalist, Petty, 1o1, 1876; W. R. Nash, 1885, J. of Botany, 330, 1885; gathered in 1902 by Mr. A. Wilson (sp.) who ‘saw many other specimens in inaccessible situations.’ JERSEY. Sea-cliffs, St. Ouen’s, July 1872, Piquet sp.; ‘still there in 7ge0, Lister in litt. Other reputed counties :— 4. DeEvon N. Lynton, Ravenshaw; but see Phyt., N.S., Ai 2AS), Wolo SON iimacomibes thyt.,N:S., 1,437, 1855-6. g. DORSET. Not noticed by Mr. Mansell- ele in his Fl. Dorset, ed. RogAee OLcd.. 2, 1805. 15-16. KENT. Watson, Outl. Geog. Dist. Brit. Pl., 184, 1832; not noticed inthe Flora of Kent, p. 218, 1809. ein SURREY. Watson, l.c. Probably on the authority of Mr. Graves, of Edinburgh, see p. xii., l.c. Not known as.a Surrey species. B22 LOVICESTER EF. “In the meadows at Swindon,’ Buckman, Bot. Guide to Cheltenham, 50, 1844; ‘No such plant is in the Gloucester Herbaria,’ Coley in litt. As Buckman does not give H. radicata, it was perhaps that species. 64. YORK Mip W. A maculate Hzeractum was so named here. 70. CUMBERLAND. Keswick, -—Hutton, Bot. Guide, 158, 1805; not, noticed by Balser bake Flora, 121, 1885; or Hodgson, Fl. Cumberland, 189, 1808. 90. FORFAR. Dry woods to the East of Forfar, G. Don. No confirmation. First record : ‘ Hzeractum montanum caule aphyllo non ramosa flore pallidiore,’ Ray, Cat. Pl. Cantab. Nas. App. 1, 6, 1663. ‘On Gogmagog Hills and Newmarket Heath,’ Clarke, First Rec. Brit. Fl. Plants, ed. 2, 84, 1900. Reported for Ireland in ‘Contrib. towards a Flora of Tyrone, Londonderry, and 1902 December 1. 72 Notes on Crustacea and Tidal Phenomena. (OS) Donegal,’ in MS. Mag. of Glasgow Nat. Soc., No. 3, July 1862. Not) noticed by, CybyHiby, eds’ 23) pe vemiy SoS en Om) ieee Praeger in Irish Top. Bot., 198, r901; or by H. C. Hart in FI. Donegal, 191, 1808. DISTRIBUTION IN EUROPE. Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Lapland, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, N. Italy, Austria, Dalmatia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Transylvania, Servia, Bosnia, Russia. ASIA. Caucasus, Siberia, Davuria ? ee NOTE on CRUSTACEA. Large Crab at Withernsea.—A Crab weighing over 5 lbs. was caught at Withernsea on 17th July. This is the largest specimen caught at Withernsea within the memory of any of the inhabitants.—T. SHEPPARD, Hull, 22nd July 1902. ee NOTE on TIDAL PHENOMENA. Big Waves on the Yorkshire Coast.—It appears that now and again a wave of extraordinary volume occurs upon the Yorkshire coast, immensely larger than any which go before or follow it. I have made a note of several such waves in recent years. The most notorious example is the wave which, on 13th October 1873, swept Mr. and Mrs. Paget off the rocks just north of Filey Brigg. A tablet inserted in the cliff records that ‘the spot in question is rarely covered at high tide, and at the time of the accident it wanted but an hour and a half to low water.’ One Sunday afternoon (again in October), about fifteen years ago, I was standing with the Vicar of Saltburn on Bridlington Pier near the Victoria Rooms. A gentleman came on to the pier and leant upon the iron rail, looking down on the water. Immediately a huge wave reared itself right on to the place where he stood, and, but for the support of the rail, must have swept him away. When the water ran off the pier, a number of live Swimming Crabs (Portunus depurator) were left behind, a striking testimony to the depth of the water hurled up. No wave before or after even cast spray on this place during that tide. At the extreme point of Flamborough Head, near the isolated rock called ‘Green Stacks,’ is a small ‘creux’ (or roofless cave). Mr. G. W. Lamplugh has told me that one day about twenty years ago, when he was examining the boulder-clays which cap the chalk at this point, a wave of great volume boiled up in this creux to such a height that he was in imminent danger of being carried down by it. Some eight or nine years ago I saw it reported in a local paper that a lady nearly lost her life in Thornwick Bay. She was sitting on the shore reading, far away from the sea, when she found herself almost swept off by a wave. I myself witnessed an extraordinary wave in the same bay in October 1887. I have questioned fishermen about these extraordinary waves, and I find their occurrence is quite recognised. They say they only occur when there is a big swell on. The fact that never more than one appears to occur on each occasion is very singular, and seems to point to some rare coincidence. The practical lesson seems to be that, if the sea is at all disturbed, it is best to keep a lookout when wandering on the rocks or shore.—W. C. HEy, West Ayton, Yorkshire, 5th September 1902. Naturalist, | YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT BAWTRY. HERBERT H. CORBETT, M.R.C.S., Doncaster. THE report on the 166th meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union might pretty well have been made by means of a blank sheet. The district for investigation was most promising, and, judging by the official programme, botanists, conchologists, and vertebrate-zoologists should have had a good day ; while the en- tomologists were going to capture long series of the supposed extinct /Vzszonades semzargus. Alas! ‘The best laid schemes of mice and men gang aft agley.’ ‘/¢ rained!’ TVhat is the only remark to be made upon the weather. The section of members who were to get WV. semiargus journeyed to Haxey Station, and remained in the waiting-room until a train arrived to take them back to Doncaster. At Haxey they foregathered with a few enthusiasts from the Lincolnshire Union who accompanied them on the return journey. The Bawtry party, under the \leadership of Mr. Jordan, tramped through the soaking rain for some time, but, finding work impossible, they made for Finningley Station and took train to Doncaster. \ The Finningley party, led by the present writer, were blessed with two short intervals when it did not rain, during which a little work was possible among insects, molluscs, and plants. They were finally driven from their posts by the incessant down- fall, and walked weary miles through mud and water until Doncaster was reached. All the parties having arrived at the Glyn Hotel at an earlier hour than would have been the case had the day been fine, tea was ordered an hour earlier, and this having been finished, the most pleasant part of the day ensued. Old friends met each other once again, and new acquaintanceships were formed that may develop into old friendships. Pleasant chat and amusing anecdotes on matters relating to natural history whiled away the time until the formal business of the meeting was due. This was held under the presidency of WieeG.’ f. Porritt, F.L.S., an’ ex-President of the Union. In his remarks he welcomed the members of the Lincolnshire Union to the meeting. A vote of thanks to the landowners, guides, and all who had contributed to the success of the meeting was proposed by 1902. December 1. 374 Corbett: Yorkshire Naturalists at Bawtry. Mr. T. Sheppard, F.G.S., seconded by the Rev. E. A. Woodruffe Peacock, F.L.S., Secretary of the Lincolnshire Union, and carried unanimously; «Mr. M. oH. Stiles, PoRoM.S rane pitied: The sectional reports were naturally, on such a day, very meagre. Hor the; Geological section, «Miri. (Sheppardyake Gas.) ats, secretary, who officially represented it, writes as under :—By the circular prepared for this meeting, we were warned by Mr. Corbett that the country around Bawtry and extending to Doncaster presented little attraction to the geologists, and, naturally, this somewhat poor prospect did not result in large — numbers of hammermen being present. Possibly some of those who had determined to go thought otherwise in view of the incessant rain which fell from the early morning. The geolo- gists included. Mr.. Corbett, Mr. E. Hawkesworth, and ‘the writer, who took different routes; but each one reported the result of his day’s work as nil; and as this result was to a certain extent prophesied, they could hardly be disappointed. The members of the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union, however (including the Rev. E. A. Woodruffe Peacock, F:G.S.; Mr. F. M. Burton, F.G:S.) and) Mr.v El. Preston, 1 Gis.) 2 wher jomedaume party at Haxey, had been more fortunate, having visited the site of an exceptionally deep boring a few miles away. The party adjourned to the Glyn Hotel at an early hour, and a pleasant afternoon was spent in discussing ‘ stony’ subjects. An opportunity of this character amply repaid the members for their trouble in travelling to Doncaster. At the general meeting held after tea it was particularly gratifying to the geologists to propose that the hearty congratulations of the Union be offered to Mr. Alfred Harker, M.A., and Mr. Robert Kidston, F.R.S.E., on their election to the Fellowship of the Royal Society. Both gentlemen are well known to the members of the Union from their sound work on the geology of our greatest county. For Vertebrate-Zoology Mr. H. H. Corbett reported that little could be done. Birds were hidden from the constant rain. Some Stoats were seen hunting a rabbit, and at Kilham Farm, Cantley, a stuffed Badger, shot on the farm a few years ago, Was examined. For Conchology Mr. Corbett reported that during a short interval of the rain the following species of mollusca were found in the river Torne and a drain near it. Sythinza fentaculata, Limnea peregra, L. palustris, Planorbis contortus, P. complanatus, P. vortex, P. corneus, Physa fontinalis, and Ancylus fluviatilis. Naturalist, ne Peacock - Lincolnshire Naturalists at Scunthorpe. Aly For Entomology Messrs. Porritt and Hewett reported that nothing could be done among the Lepidoptera. Uhe Coleopterists, represented by Messrs. Bayford and Corbett, did a little collecting in the Torne and a small amount of ‘beating’ also, the result being, Marpalus ruficornis, Pterostichus madidus, Pt. niger, Anchomenus albipes, Calathus ersteloides, Deronectes depressus, Hydroporus pictus, Haliplus ruficollis, H. fluviatilis, Anacena globula, Coccinella 1o-punctata, Rhagonycha limbata, Crepidodera transversa, Deporaiis betula, Phyllobius calcaratus, Stophosomus coryli, Rhynchites nanus, and “lms ceneus. Insects of other orders were submitted to the Rev. Alfred Thornley, M.A., F.L.S., who reported that the Hymenoptera Aculeata were Gorytes mystaceus and Odynerus callosus ; and the solitary Hemiptera-Heteropteron, Psallus betulet?. Other sections reported complete blanks. Sympathetic reference was made to the death of Mr. A. Pater- son, the oldest local member of the Union, and a vote of thanks to the Chairman terminated the meeting. It is to be hoped that the Union will repeat the excursion at an early date and have better weather, when there can be no doubt that a most enjoyable and valuable day would be spent. ee EO NOTES and NEWS. We have received from Mr. R. Charles, of Highcliffe, Christchurch, Hants, a suite of Eocene and Oligocene Mollusca from the Paris Basin, Which includes 4o different species, all in excellent condition, carefully named and with particulars as to locality and geological horizon. Mr. Charles spares no pains to give satisfaction to his clients, and the great interest of being found in deposits of the same relative age as the Upper Eocene of Barton, the Middle Eocene of Bracklesham Bay, and the Oligo- eene of Hordwell, as well as the exquisite beauty of form and fine state of preservation, makes this ninth series noteworthy, and we heartily recommend all who are interested to at once give Mr. Charles their patronage. $< LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT SCUNTHORPE. Rev. EDWARD ADRIAN WOODRUFFE PEACOCK, L.Th., F.L.S., F.G.S., Vicar of Cadney; Organising and Botanical Secretary, Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union. THE wet day on the roth July ruined the Joint Meeting of York- shire and Lincolnshire Naturalists at Doncaster and Epworth. With the 11th came fine weather for the Scunthorpe meeting, but Yorkshire was only represented by one of the Secretaries of the Union, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S. Considering 1902 December tr. OL Me ind and Va par ca ; S70 Peacock : Lincolnshire Naturalists at Scunthorpe. the unsettled state of the weather, the Lincolnshire men turned out in goodly numbers and did a fair day’s work, Grantham, Lincoln, Boston, and Louth all providing members. Mr. H. Preston, \F.GsS.) reported: the, geology shortly: for the time being as follows :—This section, which in the unavoid- able absence of Mr. F. M. Burton, F.G.S., was led by Mr. Preston, made tracks for the ironstone quarries. The main object of the visit was to examine the ironstone and its adjacent clays, and to add to the recorded list of fossils made two years ago from the Ironstone or Semicostatus Zone of the Lower Lias ; and also to see the ‘Stone Curtain,’ which was not reached on the previous occasion. Some length of time was spent in the pits, where most of the old fossil types were noted, and some good examples collected. A fine specimen of Azppopodium ponderosum was found at the top of the ironstone bed. This species, although recorded in the Geological memoir for the district (sheet 86), had not been seen on our previous visits. Rock specimens also were found showing the beautiful oolitic — structure occasionally seen in this ironstone. A good specimen of an ammonite having the transversely plaited keel (Amaltheus murgaritatus °) was obtained from a concretionary nodule lying in the clay immediately over the ironstone. The typical ammo- nite for the Middle Lias (A. margaritatus) is particularly rare in ~ this district, and therefore has not been used as a zonal type by the geological surveyors in assigning the upper limits of the Lower Lias. After examining some of the faults occurring in these beds, and the fused appearance of the fault-rock, the party proceeded to that most interesting of tufaceous deposits, the ‘Stone Curtain.’ Some little time was spent here examining the — structure and discussing the probable origin of the gutter which runs along the top of the mound. Mr. Charles S. Holgate, not the least active member present, stated that he well remembered the time when the spring issued above the top end of the mound and formed a treacherous bog, when limewater almost invari- ably flowed: down the natural formed gutter on the top. Mr. Holgate can remember it eighty years, long previous to the land being drained and the spring being conducted down to its present outlet over the cattle-trough, a little distance south of the ‘ cur- tain.’ Several of the party being greatly interested in ‘ Early Man’ as well as Geology, the opportunity was taken to return to the town by way of the sand moors, some of which have been so prolific in their yield of flint and bronze implements of Neo- lithic and the so-called Pigmy man age. Many flint flakes were Naturalist, es Peacock: Lincolnshire Naturalists at Scunthorpe. a7 found, and one extremely good leaf-shaped arrow-head. was picked up. Returning from a most successful and interesting ramble, full duty was done to the excellent tea provided, after which Mr. Cobban, the local water engineer, handed to Mr. Preston some further particulars of the recent boring for water, which will appear in a subsequent issue. Miss S. C. Stow acted as botanical secretary as usual, and reported 216 species and varieties. In so well worked a district nothing new turned up, and some ‘old familiar friends’ were not seen; perhaps ‘they are gone forever.’ Dzplotaxis muralrs, Szsymbrium Sophia, and Linaria viscida were conspicuous on the viaduct embankment. lola palustris, Stellaria palustris, Drosera rotundifolia only, Cnicus palustris and its variety flore albo, Cnicus pratensis, extremely robust specimens of Cvrepzs virens, the flore roseo variety of Prunella, Potentilla palustris, with Epipactis palustris, Orchis maculata and its variety flore albo, Eriophorum angustifolium, Scirpus setaceus, and Carex flava in abundance, were taken in the viaduct delph on Brumby West Common. The Liassic loamy roads or eolian. sand supplied Lychnits dioica, flore rosante, L. Githago, Sagina procumbens ; S. apetala, on wall tops at Frodingham; Genzsta anglica, where I first saw it just forty years ago, Asperula odorata, Arctium majus, Centaurea Cyanus, Lithospermum officinale, Allium olera- ceum, Atra caryophyllea, Deschampsta flexuosa, Poa nemoralis, either very rare or always passed over, as is Agropyron caninum, which was taken by Brumby Woodside. In Miss S. C. Stow’s words :—The list of mosses contains ~ 38 species, some of which are rather good ones. - On walls in Frodingham village, Div. 2 :— eranimia pulvinata Sm. *Bryum czspitosum L. *Tortula muralis Hedw. *Bryum argenteum L. _ Barbula unguiculata Hedw. On Brumby West Common, with marsh and moor ground by the viaduct :— Sphagnum cymbifolium Ehr. Aulacomnium palustre, Schwer. *Sphagnum subsecundum Nees. Webera nutans Hedw. -*Catherinea undulata W.& M. *Bryum bimum Screb. *Polytrichum aloides Hedw. New to N. Lincs. *Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. *Bryum capillare L. Polytrichum formosum Hedw. *Mnium rostratum Schr. Ceratodon purpureus Brid. Mnium undulatum L. Dicranella heteromalla Schp. Brachythecium albicans B.&5. Dicranum scoparium Hedw. Brachythecium rutabulum B.X5. *Fissidens bryoides *Brachythecium velutinum B.&S. *Funaria hygrometrica Sibth. *Brachythecium purum Dixon. 1902 December 1. 378 Peacock: Lincolnshire Naturalists at Scunthorpe. Eurhynehium prelongum B.&s. Hypnum cupressiforme L. *Plagiothecium denticulatum B.&S. *“Hypnum stramineum Dicks. *“Amblystegium serpens, B.&S. “Hypnum cordifolium Hedw. Amblystegium filicinum DeNot. Hypnum cuspidatum L, *“Hypnum fluitans (group Rotae) Hypnum Schreberi Willd. var. falcifollum Ren. “~Hylocomium splendens B.&S. New to Lincs. Hvylocomium squarrosum B.&S. Those marked with the asterisk (*) are new to Div. 2. Two Hepatics were taken :—Lophocolea bidentata L. on the lane between Scunthorpe and the viaduct, and Marchantia polymorpha near the viaduct. The geologists took some beauti- ful specimens of the Marchantia, showing fructifications and gemme, from an old disused face of ironstone in the Lindsey Ironstone Quarry at Scunthorpe. The only lichen taken was Peltigera cantina on the lane between Scunthorpe and the hill-top before the viaduct. The Rev. W. Fowler says :—The only fungus worth men- tioning in the report was a fine clump of Panus conchatus Fr. Mr. €- S. Garter, M-C:S., reported thatthe: Gonchroloricall Section was represented by its President (Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, oI. S:)amd Secretary - (Mir Cy S)) Cartem ee iACaa) who were conducted by the Organising Secretary. a For Entomology the Rev. Alfred Thornley, M.A., F.L.S., re- ported that the day was cool but kept fine; nevertheless, the great rain of the day before had evidently driven away the insects, as the number taken was far too low for such a magnificent district. The best find, be thought, was the beautiful. little Noctua, Fly drelia uncula, which was not at all uncommon on the heath, and several specimens were taken. Several young Kitten larve were taken on Salzx repens which he thinks were D. furcuda, but he forgot to bring away a specimen. It was very interesting to capture a specimen of the Wood Tiger (Nemeophila plantaginis) so late as this, as it usually flies in May, but this only shows once more how late the season is. Very few butterflies were observed, and this was very disappointing, as the search for the long-lost Lycena aczs the day before at Epworth was rendered abortive by the exceedingly wet weather. Only a single speci- men of that very common Dragon Fly—-Agrion puella, was observed in the pond; it was a sore puzzle what had become of the rest in so likely a locality for their occurrence. The beetles scarcely call for comment, and the same must be said of the Diptera. The little and very pretty fly, Vemo/te/us uliginosus, swarmed on Umbellifera: in the bog; and one exam- ple of Chrysotoxum bicinctum, a common fly hereabouts, which mimics an Odynerus wasp, was taken. robber fly, Dysmachus trigona, were seen and caught. 1902 December 1. Several specimens of the But the Peacock : Lincolnshire Naturalists at Scunthorpe. ie 380 cool wind evidently kept the insects in hiding, as only in very sheltered places did they resort to flowers. Bugs (Hemiptera) were strangely absent, though several immature forms were noticed. The grasshoppers were still very small and undeveloped. At Gainsborough, on the day preceding, the larve of the Mullein Shark Moth (Cuculléa verbasc’) were found feeding not only on Verbascum, but also on Scrophuluria aquatica. LEPIDOPTERA.—The only butterflies seen were the Common Blue (Lycena icarus), the Small Heath (Caenonympha pamphilus), the Meadow Brown (£pznephele janira), and the Common Skipper (Hesperza sylvanus). In addition, the following moths were picked up :— | Zygena filipendula. Common. Euchelia jacobez. Larve. Nemeophila plantaginis. A worn @. Piusia gamma. Plusia chrysitis. Hydrelia uncula. Several on the heath, climbing up the stems of grass. Agrotis segetum. Leucania lithargyria. Dicranura furcula (?). Several young larve, most probably of this species, feeding on Salix repens. Bupalus piniarius. Flying freely in the pine-woods. Panagra petraria. Cabera exanthemata. Trachea piniperda. Larve. Larve. COLEOPTERA. Cicindela campestris. Pterostichus striola. Harpalus rubripes. singular variety. Amara apricaria. Agabus guttatus. Agabus paludosus. Hydroporus pubescens. A small and Hydrobius fuscipes. Telephorus bicolor. Luperus niger. Cyphon coarctatus. Athous niger. HYMENOPTERA. Gorytes mystaceus. Crabro cribrarius. @. Crabro dimidiatus. @. Odynerus spinipes. 6. Halictus villosulus. Selandria serva. DIPTERA. Volucella bombylans. Volucella pellucens. Chilosia cestracea (illustrata). Syrphus ribesii. Pollenia rudis. Sarcophaga carnaria. Dysmachus trigona. Leptis scolopacea. Thelaira leucozona. Nemotelus uliginosus. Chrysotoxum bicinctum. Eristalis arbustorum. Pachyrrhina maculata. A few immature Grasshoppers were taken, but it was impossible to determine the species from them; and a single specimen of Agron puella, the common small blue Dragon Fly. Mr. C. S. Carter reported finding two specimens of Pseudo- Scorpions. One was afterwards unfortunately lost, the other upon examination was found to be the common one, Ch¢honzts . rayi; they were both taken from under stone on the railway embankment. i Naturalist, ae “ 381 ADDITIONS TO SPHAGNA OF YORKSHIRE. WILLIAM INGHAM, B.A., Organising Inspector of Schools, Haxby Road, Vork. In the May number of ‘The Naturalist’ for 1901 I published a list of ‘Sphagna of Yorkshire and Durham,’ named according to the new system by Warnstorf. This paper gives the Sphagna of Yorkshire only that I have found and determined since May 1901. ommsune ‘stimet accuracy, Mr. "E.. C. Horrell,/ F:L.S.; has also kindly examined them. The numbers after the habitats are those of the botanical vice-counties, as explained in my former paper on Sphagna. \ I.—SPHAGNA ACUTIFOLIA ScuHime. Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. Var. tenue Grav. By the side of Saltersgate Beck (62), July 1902. Var. robustum Braithw. By the side of Saltersgate Beck (62), July 1902. Sphagnum rubellum Wils. Var. rubrum Grav. Among heather, south of Goathland (62), July 1902. Var. versicolor Russ. Among heather, three miles south of Goathland (62), September 1902. Var. violaceum Warnst. On wet land by Eller Beck, Goath- land (62), July 1902. _ Sphagnum acutifolium Russ. & Warnst. Var. flavo-rubellum Warnst. Among heather, south of Goathland (62), August 1902; by the side of Upper Cross Haw Beck, Baugh Fell (65), \ugust 1902, in deep tufts. Var. versicolor Warnst. Among heather south of Goathland (62), September 1902. ~ Var. viride Warnst. Among grass by the Strid, Bolton Woods (64), August 1902. Sphagnum quinquefarium Watrnst. By the roadside in a rather dry habitat, Beedale (62), June 1901, the var. wired Warnst. _1goz December rt. 382 Ingham: Additions to Sphagna of Vorkshire. Sphagnum subnitens Russ.& Warnst. Var. flavescens Warnst. On the north-west shoulder of Baugh Fell (65), August 1902, in much deeper tufts than on Strensall Common. Var. flavo-rubellum Warnst. On slope of hill, crowded with fruit, south of Goathland (62), September 1go2. Var. pallescens Warnst. Among heather, south of Goathland, (62), September 1902. Var. versicolor Warnst. At the foot of hill, south of Goath- land (62), September 1902. Var. violascens Warnst. By Saltersgate Beck (62), July 1902, identical with a specimen from Caithness. Var. virescens Warnst. Under dripping water in Arncliffe Wood (62), the forma sguarrosula; also in very deep tufts, over one foot in depth and crowded with fruit, by the side of Saltersgate Beck (62), July 1902. II.—SPHAGNA SQUARROSA Scuime. Sphagnum teres Angsttr. Var. imbricatum Warnst. Among heather on low land south of Goathland (62), August 1902. IIl.—SPHAGNA CUSPIDATA ScuHiImp. Sphagnum recurvum Russ.& Warnst. Var. amblyphyllum Warnst. North-west shoulder of Baugh Fell (65), August 1902; also south of Goathland (62), in abundance and partly submerged, August 1902. VaR. mucronatum Warnst. In Arncliffe Wood (62), Sep- tember ro9o1, tall and green; on the north-west shoulder of Baugh Fell (65), the form with equilateral triangular stem leaves; by the side of Saltersgate Beck, (62), July 1902, in fruit, which is very rare for S. xecurvim,; and on face of wet rock, Saltersgate Beck, August I902, reaching nearly two feet in length. Sphagnum parvifolium Warnst. On the north-west shoulder of Baugh Fell (65), by the Rawthey River, August 1902. Sphagnum molluscum Bruch. By Saltersgate Beck (62), c.fr., July 1902. V.—SPHAGNA RIGIDA Scurmp. Sphagnum compactum DC. Var. imbricatum Warnst. Goathland, south (62), August 1902. Var. squarrosum Russ. Strensall Common (62), February 1897. Naturalist, Ingham: Additions to Sphagna of Vorkshire. 20 3 V.—SPHAGNA SUBSECUNDA Scuimp. Sphagnum subsecundum Limpr. On Barmby Moor (61), December 1900. Sphagnum inundatum Warnst. On Pilmoor (62), completely submerged, and of variegated colour, March 1901; on Sandburn Common (62), a similar colouring to that on Pilmoor, April 1901 ; south of Goathland (62), partly sub- merged, and of vivid green and pale brown colour, August 1902. Sphagnum Gravetii Warnst. A rare Sphagnum; in thick ‘iron’ water by Taith’s Gill on Baugh Fell (65), August 1902; also on high moorland, south of Goathland (62), July 1902. Sphagnum rufescens Warnst. By the side of the road, south of Goathland (62), a yellow and brown form, july 1902; and on wet low land, south of Goathland (62), all green, and all the branches terete, September 1902. VI.—SPHAGNA CYMBIFOLIA Scuimp. Sphagnum cymbifolium Warnst. Var. fusce-rubescens Warnst. By Taith’s Gill, on Baugh Fell (65), associated with the S. Gravetzz, August 1902; also on wet ground, south of Goathland (62), September 1902. Var. glaucescens Warnst. On Pilmoor (62), c.fr., March 1901. Var. glauco-pallens Warnst. On Skipwith Common (61), in dry habitat, July rgo1r; on Pilmoor (62), September 1808. Var. pallescens Warnst. On side of Saltersgate Beck, in : large masses (62), c.fr., July 1902; on Skipwith Common (61), August 1900. Sphagnum papillosum Lindb. Var. normale Warnst. forma conferta (Lindb.) Warnst., in fruit, south of Goathland (62), September 1902. Var. sub-lzve Limpr. On the north-west shoulder of Baugh Fell (65), August 1902; and south of Goathland (62), September 1902. Sphagnum medium Limpr. VAR. glauco-purpurascens ee: A few miles south of Goath- land (62), on low wet land, September 1902. Var. purpurascens Warnst. South of Goathland (62), on wet land, August 1902. 1902 Dceember 1. 384 NOTES on FLOWERING PLANTS. Peucedanum sativum in Cumberland.—Referring to Miss Armitt’s note in the November number, page 352, as to the finding of this plant at Silloth, in October last, I may add that I found it at the place indicated by Miss Armitt in July 1901, and recorded the fact in the April number of the ‘Naturalist ' this year, page 129. It is also worth mentioning that the late Mr. Hodgson, of Workington, sent me a specimen of the plant in 1899, which he had found on some ballast at Maryport. In a book of Mr. Hodgsson's = (Cako) in my possession) there is a note in his own writing against this plant, ‘ Railway slope near the Armstrong Range, Silloth,’ but unfor- tunately there is no date given, though I have no Kaamoe that that note refers to a ‘find’ prior to the publication of his ‘ Flora of Cumberland.’— W. THOMSON, 14, Feversham Crescent, York, 11th November, 1902. Plants seen in North-East Yorkshire (V.C. 62) in August 1902.— For ten days I was at Robin Hood's Bay and think the following notes may be of interest. I have marked with an asterisk (*) plants not mentioned in Baker’s ‘ North Yorkshire’ :— Ranunculus circinatus. At Malton (Dist. 3 of Baker). “Ranunculus Flammula var. repens. In very good condition at Pilmoor (Disth.2): *Papaver Rheas var. Pryorit (Druce). At Brafferton (Dist. 2) and Cundall (Dist. 8). ; Sinapis nigra. At Malton (Dist. 3). *“Spirea Ulmaria var. denudata. At Mallion’s Sout. Goathland (Dist. 4). “Artemisia vulgaris var. coarctata. Frequent in Districts 4 (Robin Hood's Bay) and 8 (Cundall and Topcliffe). * Senecio viscosus. Near Whitby (Dist. 4). Mentha piperita. Robin Hood's Bay (Dist. 4). Lamium purpureum fl. albo. At Cundall (Dist. 8). *Polygonum Convolvulus var. pseudo-dumetorum. Cundall (Dist. 8). —H. J. RIDDELSDELL, St. Michael's College, Aberdare, 7th Sept. 1902. Sedum villosum at Ingleborough.—The Rev. Mr. Riddelsdell’s remarks on this subject in his paper (‘ Naturalist,’ November 1902, p. 337- 342) on ‘ Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium,’ have drawn my attention to the matter. I am able to report that specimens of S. vz/losuwm L.—rather poor ones, but unquestionable—were gathered at Helln (Alum) Pot in 1894 by my friend Mr. Reginald J. Farrer, of Ingleborough Hall, and are now in my herbarium. Mr. Farrer’s full label with them is—‘ Helln Pot, on Ingle- borough, 2nd Sept. 1894.’ Found on the same day and in the same ramble as my first specimens of Arenaria gothica Fr. R.J. F.” The Bicheno specimen endorsement apparently gives ‘ Ingleborough’ simply, without any more precise indication of locality. Whether, therefore, it continues the Ray record for (I. copy from ‘Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum: Editio Tertia: 1724’) ‘on the moist Rocks about JZzg/e- borough-fiill, as you go from the Hill towards Horton in Rzbbles-Dale, in a Ground where Peat is got in great plenty,’ or Mr. Woodward’s authority in the (Old) ‘ Botanist’s ‘Guide’ by Turner and Dillwyn—published 1805— ‘Close by Weathercote Cove,’ or whether it represents an independent , station does not appear. : The Ray locality is most distinctly connected with the mountain itself, and apparently belongs to its directly eastward slope. Weathercote Cove is near the north-western base of Ingleborough; Helln Pot in a’ similar position on its north-east. Mr. Bicheno’s station may have been one of these, or a similar though not identical one, and still be rightly though. vaguely described as ‘Ingleborough.’ Anyhow, Mr. Farrer’s specimens supply, if not an entirely new locality for the species, at any rate confirma- tion of one which (vide Mr. Riddelsdell’s list, and also ‘Flora of West Yorkshire’) has not been corroborated tor at least seventy years.— WILLIAM WHITWELI, Underhill, Lower Hagley, Worcestershire, 17th Nov. 1902. Naturalist, CONTRIBUTORS. “Anderson, Miss Margaret’ L., 223, 224, 257- Armitt, Miss Mary L., 237, 272: Armitt, Miss Sophia, 272, 352, 352. Auden, G: A., 213. Barker, Reginald H., 302. Pe iuschwerOnid., M.A, 131, 234, 235. Bayford, Edwin G., 64, 120, 276. Bennett, Arthur, F.L.S., 129, 360. Blackburn, Rev. E. P., 296, 354. Bradley, A. E., 352. Brode, Rev. T. Ainsworth, B.a., 277. Burson. Meo. L.S.,. F.GiS., 128, 133, WEP SO, 1770, 223,224: Burton, Philip A., 128. Butterfield, Rosse, 192, 192, 308. Carlton, John, 213. Wagers. 5... C,S.,- 136, 137, 147, 163, go ea 220, (270,1270; 270,271, 271, 292),°292,: 292, 378. Cheesman, W. Norwood, 273. Clark, James Edmund, B.A., B.SC., 19. Clayton, R. G., 140, 140. Cole, Rev. Edward Maule, M.A., F.G.S., 314. Corbett, Herbert H., M.R.C.S., 117, 164, mule7Ou2O5, 222,223, 302, 373: feeerossiand, Charles, F.L.S:, 1, 21,132, Sing bie Crowther, J. E., 281. Crump, W. B., M.A., 279. : Elgee, Frank, 140, 193. Falconer, William, 115, 207. Baweett, J. W:, 4,4, 32, 32,'32, 32, 32; m2: ‘Fearnside, W. G., 214. Poomunc, Riley, F.Z.S., 32, 32, 1604, 192. Howler, Rev. William, M.A., 288, 316 367 378. Gaythorpe, Harper, 129. George, Charles F., M.R.C.S., 13. Gibbs; Thomas, 15, 123, 132, 281 Gregson, Wm., F.G.S., 214. - Gyngell, Walter, 157. 1902 December :. Hawkesworth, Edwin, 214. Hewett, William, 62, 114, 116, 127, 127, U2 7 U2 ee ley lez a7. P27 OmenAGs 140. Hey, Rev. W:" Croser, M.A...) 11355258, PAO Pigs, Howarth; (Es F.G.S.3 201, 222. Tnghamy Wim;5B.A:, \93,., 121, 20072505 298, 381. Jarvisy Mrs. sAs 272: Keecan, PaOiy EL. De \tO5, BOO a52- Kendall Percy, Fe on.G.S)s 212 toner Oo, 222 BOs: Kew, HeiwWadlis, in: Z,S.5\ 049) 261, y2 70% Aapats Kirkby, Wm., 316. Warder. \e550: Leaeha. Rak. , Mea. FOL.S., FiG:Si. 055. Lebour, Miss M. V., 171. Lees, F. Arnold, M-.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 63, se Tor oes ‘Ashton, vAcR. 1. Bsa. OZ. Loten, Philip W.,'223, 308, 354, 368. MacLean, Kenneth, 16, 282, 294. Martindale, J. A., 131, 132. Mason, J., Eardley, 170, 3or. Massee, George, F.L.S., I. Milburn, C. E.). 353. Moore, H., F.R.M.S., 120. Morley, B., 141. Murray, James, 32, 259, 301. Oldham, Charles, 302. Ostheide, Heinrich, 120. Painter, Rev. W. H., 5. Peacock, Rev. Edward Adrian Wood- ruftey-L. THs’ F.L.S., £.G.S.; 114, D155 125, 125, 125, 126, 133, 135, 139, 139, 143, 164, 164, 164, 176, 177, 222, 223, 234) 234) 375: Peacock, Max, 197. Petty, S: Lister; 33, 170, 192; 201, 342, 366, 367, 368. 234, 291, 386 Classified Index. CONTRIBUTORS—continued. Pickard, Joseph F., 280. Smith, Arthury F.@.S., F.B.S.; 1414, 124) Pickles, Harold, 291. 126; 139; 209; 210.4220,9302. Playll Gr Beit Sneath, JS. 140; 180: Porntt, Geor of, sFyE/S!3.P.E.S2, (3) 0 18). 4 osnelorove. Ft By Avena: 62, 62, 144, 144, 148, 163,°276, 297, |, Sowerby, FP. Ws, 3638: 354, 368, 368. Stabler, George, 276. Pratt, Rev. Charles T., 258. Stather, A., photograph at 299. Preston, Henry, F.G.S., 376. Stather, John W., F.G:S., 170, 215. Stiles, Matthew H., F.R.M.S., 120. Rhodes, Fred, 292. Stow, Miss’S: C., 55.115, 116, 130;/136, | Riddeisdell, Rev. H. J.; M.A.; 337, 343; 140,147,193, MOO, -442ne 77. 384. Robinson, J. B., 136. Taylor, John Wm., F.L.S., Ifo. Roebuck, Wm. Denison, F.L.S., 17, 97, Thompson, M. Lawson, 259, 283, 285. Ba 5s Thomson, Wm., 129, 384. Rotheray, Lister, 260. Thornley, Rev. Alfred, M.A.,’ ¥F.L.S; FBS.) £255) 1375 b4ag 190, 399: Savery, George B., 229. ; Shaw, Dr. Eland, F.E-.S., 138. + Walter, Rev. J. Conway, ™.4.; ow. 126, Sheppard, Thomas, F.G.S., 20, 215, 217, 127, 2575 353- . 257, 258, 258, 259, 260, 276, 276, 276, | Walton, F. Fielder, F.G.S:,-216. Z8O;) 202,202) BOls 202, 204, 304, 304, Wattam, George, 272. 208, 1308,- 308, 3865 317,) 35,6 3545 305, | Wattam, We Eee 365, 366, 366, 366, 366, 367, 367, 368, Wheldon, Je Ae, RAL Se tga kr. 392: Whitwell, William, FLL. S., 384. See Rev. W. A., M.A., 130. Wilson, Albert, F. L. Sis 352k Slater, Matthew B., F.L.S., 280. Woodhead, T. War BLShs 2a75 2075: Bl Os BOOK NOTICES. Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.—Proceedings, Vol. 15, 170. British Association.—Report ot Glasgow Meeting, 259. H. Goss.—Insects of the Victoria History of Surrey, 148. Hull Museum Publications.—No. 7, 259. Hull Scientific Club.—Transactions for 1go1, 176. T. Husnot.—Graminées, 1899, 124. | T. Sheppard.—By-gone Hull Naturalists: A. H. Haworth, 128. West, W. and G. S.—Alga-Flora of Yorkshire, 259. W. Whitwell.—East Sussex Botanical and Shell Notes, 128. 5 : 4 a ’ Z 2 LAE US PRALTONS: Four Collotype Plates of North of England Harpidia, to face p. 65. Chalk-pit, Middle Chalk, Aldro, A. Stather, 299. Cionus scrophulariz, Cocoons on Figwort flowerhead, 152. 5 Conisborough Common, Lower Magnesian Limestone Escarpment at, Godfrey = Bingley, 118. Helleborus foetidus in fruit, hedge-bank on Oldstead Bank, W. B. Crump, 279 Hypnum fluitans, Basal Cells of the Four Groups of, J. A. Wheldon, 91. Naturalist, * Classified Index. 387 SPECIES NEW TO SCIENCE DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. Mycena cinerea M.&C., 1. | Coprinus Gibbsii M.&C., 1 SPECIES NEW TO BRITAIN BROUGHT FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME. MOSSEs. Various Forms of Harpidioid Hypna, 65-92. FUNGI. | MOSSES. Ombrophila decolorans B.&C., 22. Webera erecta (Roth.) Correns, 235. Mollisia amenticola (Sacc.), 22. Webera proligera Lindb., 235. Helotium tumidulum Rehm., 123. Webera bulbifera(Warnst. NCosrens! 2315. CHESHIRE. Flowering Plants: Marsh Helleborine | Mosses: North of England Har- and other plants on Knutsford Moor, pidia, with Cheshire Localities, C. Oldham, 302. J. A. Wheldon, 69-90: Corrections Geology and Palzontology : Biblio- of localities therefor, J. A. Wheldon, graphy for 1899, T.. Sheppard, 317- 131. 334. Earthquakes at Cheadle, 367. CUMBERLAND. Arachnida: Lycosa purbeckensis in | Flowering Plants: Plant-names and Cumberland, W. Falconer, 115. Folk-Lore, Mother-Die, etc., J. W. Fawcett, 4, 4; Botanical Finds near Carlisle in 1901, W. Thomson, 129; Plants noted on Cumberland Sand- hills, W. Gyngell, 161 ; the Chemistry of some Common Lakeland Plants, P. QO. Keegan, 165-169; the Hazel, Corylus avellana, P. QO. Keegan, 309- Birds: Birds observed ona Naturalist’s Holiday amongst the Cumberland | Sandhills, W. Gyngell, 157-163; ‘Migration of the Pied Flycatcher, Peecte.. im, Northern: England, Miss foe Ee Armitt, 272. Coleoptera : : Euryporus picipes near | 313; Cumberland Plants in the Carlisle, J. Murray 32) Habrocer Bee pietens Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. capillaricornis pea Carlisle, J. Riddelsdell, 339-340; Vernacular Murray, 259; Three Cumberland | names of Plants in Cumberland, S. L. Longhorns, J. Murray, 301. | Petty, 342; Cumberland Plants in the Motley Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. Ferns and Fern-Allies: Botrychium j Riddelsdell, 351; Menyanthes tri- lunaria near Carlisle, W. Thomson, 129; Lycopodium annotinum in Cum- | foliata atan unusually High Elevation berlancd,. J. A. Martindale, 1g2; |.’ on Glaramara, A. Wilson, 3523 Chemistry of some Common Lake- | Peucedanum sativum at Silloth, Miss lamd: Plants, P.O. Keegan, 165-169 > | S. Armitt, 352; Alien Solanums at ‘Cumberland Ferns and Lycopod in | — Silloth, Miss S. Armitt, 352; Distri- the Bicheno Herbarium at Swansea, | bution of Hypochzris mac a. ita in filer jn. Riddelsdell,,. 340; Crypto- || England, A. Bennett, 369-372 ; Peuce- gramme from Keswick, in the Motley | danum sativum in Cumberl: ai W. Herbarium’ at Swansea, H. J. Rid- | Thomson, 384. delsdell, 351. 1902 December tr. 388 ‘ Classified Index. Ce RR Re CUMBERLAN D—continued. Geology and Palzontology: Biblio- graphy for 1899, T. Sheppard, 317- 335: ; Geology of Keswick neighbourhood mittee, P. F. Kendall and J. H. Howarth, 211; Glacial striz on Skiddaw, J. Carlton, 213, | Societies: Cumberland Notesat British noted by Yorkshire Boulder Com- | Association Meeting at Belfast, 313. DERBYSHIRE: Fern-Allies : Equisetum maximum in Derbyshire, W. H. Painter, tro. Flowering Plants: Additional Notes to the Flora of Derbyshire, W. H. Painter, 5-10; Derbyshire Plants in | the Bicheno Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 337-338. Geology and Paizontology : Biblio- graphy for 1899, T. Sheppard, 317- 336. Mosses and Hepatics: Additional Notes to the Flora of, Detbyshire; W.. Hs Painter?” po-n2):) North of England Harpidia, with Derbyshire localities, J. A. Wheldon, 68-90 ; Cor- rections to same, J. A. Wheldon, 131 ; Is Webera cucullata a Derbyshire Moss ? T. Barker, 131 ; Two Probably Erroneous Moss Records for Derby- shire, T. Barker, 234; Bulbiferous Forms of Webera annotina near Whaley Bridge, T. Barker, 235-236. DURHAM. Birds: Hoopoe in Chopwell Woods, | Geology and Palzontology: Biblio- | J. W. Fawcett, 32; Little Bunting at Tees Mouth, an addition to the North- Country Avifauna, C. E. Milburn, 353. Flowering Plants: Plant-names and | : _ Mammalia: Long-eared Bat and Bad- Folk Lore, Mother-Die, etc., J. W: Fawcett, 4; Plant-names inthe North of England, Id., 4; Durham Plantsin the Bicheno Herbarium at Swansea, | | | | | | H. Jj. Riddelsdell, 341-342; Durham Plants in the Motley Herbarium at | Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 350. graphy for 1899, T. 333: & Lepidoptera: Death’s Head Moth in. Durham, J. W. Fawcett, 32. Sheppard, 317- gersin Derwent Valley, J. W. Fawcett, Re. Mosses: North of England Harpidia, with Durham localities, J. A. Wheldon, 75-89; Harpidioid Hypna ot Yorkshire and Durham, W. Ingham, 93-96. LANCASHIRE: Ferns and Fern-Allies: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire, S. L. Petty, 53-54- Flowering Plants: Some Plants of Silverdale, West Lancashire, with lnsti<'S.7 dks) Petty, 33-545 moilverdale Plants, W. Kirkby, 316; Lancashire Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 340-341; Lancashire Plants in the Motley Herbarium «< at) Swansea,'. Ha: Riddelsdell, 344. | Geology and Paleontology: Biblio-- graphy for 1899, T. Sheppard, 317- | 335° Mosses: North of England Harpidia, ~ with Lancashire localities, J. A. Wheldon, 68-90. Personal Notices: Grave of James_ Jenkinson at Yealand Conyers, S. L. Prepiyy 24% > ua - Ss. BL «if Reptiles: Lizards near Silverdale, Li Petty, 467: Natural re ak ae 7B tex Classified Index. — A886 J LINCOLNSHIRE. Algz: Lincolnshire Freshwater Algze, ’ Rise. vleardet, 59-61; List of Diatoms taken at Clee, A. Smith, 236; Algzw noted at Mablethorpe, A. Smith, 304. Arachnida: Lincolnshire Water-Mites, perde dist, iC. i. George, 13-14; Chthonius rayii noted by L.N.U. at Porksey, C.'S. Carter, 137; and by Eee. at, Scunthorpe, ‘C..S., Carter, 380. Birds: List of Yorkshire and Lincoln- shire Birds, W. Denison Roebuck, 97-112; Thrushes and Barbed Wire at, Cadney; KE. A. W. Peacock, 125; Vernacular Names for Hooded Crow at Winterton, E. A. W. Peacock, 125; Cats and Birds, Cadney and Kirton Lindsey, E. A. W. Peacock, 125; Little Auk near Grimsby, A. Smith, 126; Blackbird eating a Frog at Horncastle, J. C. Walter, 126; Lin- colnshire Observations on Towering and Spiring Birds, E. A. W. Peacock, 126; Bird-remainsin Fenland Soils, E. A. W. Peacock, 182; Natural History in Lincoinshire Place-Names, E. A. W. Peacock, 191; Birds of North-West Lindsey, Max Peacock, 197-204; Heron Nesting at Laughton, E. A. We. Peacock, 223; Pied Flycatcher at _ Lea, near Gainsborough, Miss M. L. Anderson, 223; Great Spotted Wood- pecker and Hawfinch at Gains- borough, F. M. Burton, 223; Variety of Coal Tit, near Gainsborough, Peeve. bimrton, 224; Ruff and WReeves and late Fieldfares at Lea,.near Gainsborough, Miss M. L. Anderson, 224; Birds noted on a Weepers Wree near jLouth, C. S. Carter, 226; Common Birds noted on a Conchological Ramble near Louth, Gees.) Carter, 226; Woodcock ‘and - Nightjar Nesting near Horncastle, Peele Walter, 257; Nidification and Variation of Numerous Species of Birds at Lea, near Gainsborough, Miss’ Mo: L. Anderson, 257; Early Migration of Wild Geese near Horn- castle, |..C. Walter, 353. _ Coleoptera: Beetles noted by L.N.U. fat Torksey, A. Thornley, 137; Notes on the Weevil-Cocoons of the Fig- worts, H. Wallis Kew, 149-1553 Beetles noted by L.N.U. at Surfleet, A. Thornley, 190, 191; Dermestes murinus, Adimonia tanaceti, Chryso- | 1962 December 1. | \ | mela polita, and Barynotus obscurus near Louth, ©. S. Carter, 226-7; Beetles noted by L.N.U. at Scun- thorpe, A. Thornley, 379-380. Diptera: Diptera noted by L.N.U. at Porksey, Av) Ehoraley,'137°8);) calls of Cecidomyia veronicze noted by L.N.U. at Revesby, E. A. W. Peacock, 146; Diptera noted by L.N.U. at Scunthorpe, A. Thornley, 379-380. Ferns and Fern-Allies: Lastrzea spinulosa, Polypodium vulgare, and Chara hispida near Woodhall Spa, Miss S. C. Stow, 115; Chara foetida and C. hispida in Fenland Soils, E. A. W. Peacock, 183, 184; Asple- nium ruta-muraria noted by L.N.U. at Crowland, J..S. Sneath, 189. Fishes: Trout and Sticklebacks at Aylesby Bog, E. A. W. Peacock, 184. Flowering Plants: Bullfinch feeding on Sea Buckthorn Seed, E. A. W. Peacock, 115 ; Some Flowering Plants at Woodhall Spa, Miss S. C. Stow, 115; Primroses in Bloom in January in South Lincolnshire, Miss S. C. Stow, 116; Butomus umbellatus in the Trent near Torksey, F. M. Burton, Ig5 sh lants! moted Moye Ne Waar Torksey,| :. A. We "Peacock, 7136); Astragalus glycyphyllos at Torksey, G.°S: ‘Carter, £36; Plants noted by WAIN ZUie hat uRevesbya) ].o. poledtls 146; Scrophularia aquatica in Lin- colnshire, H. W. Kew, 149; Plant- notes from Sapperton, Miss S. C. Stow, 163; Plants found in the Lincolnshire Peat, E. A. W. Peacock, 180-1; Salicornia herbacea on the Lincolnshire coast, E. A. W. Peacock, 185; Plants. noted by WN Ue. vat Spalding, J. S. Sneath, 189; Queries anent the Whitethorn, E. A. W. Peacock, 222; Plants noted during a Conchological Ramble near Louth, C. S. Carter, 226-228; Plants noted ona half-day Ramble at Mablethorpe, A. Smith, 303-304; Juncus compressus at' Brandon,:Miss S. C. Stow, 342; Distribution of Hypochezris maculata in England, A. Bennett, 369-372; ‘Plants noted by L.N.U. at Scun- thorpe, Miss S. C. Stow, 377: Fungi: Mycena cinerea sp. nov. M.&C., at Louth. Massee and Crossland, 1 ; abnormal Polyporus squamosus at Torksey, J. B. Robinson, 136; Geaster 390 Classified Index. LINCOLNSHIRE—continued. fornicatusat Torksey, W. Fowler, 288; correction at 316; Panus conchatus noted by L.N.U. at Scunthorpe, W. Fowler, 378. Geology and Palzontology: Biblio- graphy for 1899, T. Sheppard, 317- 330: Fossils ina Clay-pit near Lea, P. A. Burton, 128; Lincolnshire Boulders, at Gainsborough, F. M. Burton, 128; Geological observations at L.N.U. Meeting at’ Torksey, EF.’ M. Burton, 133-136 and 156; also at Revesby, F. M. Burton, 145-146; The Fenland Soils, E. A. W. Peacock, 177-188 ; Geology of the country of Clausilia rolphii near Louth, C. S. Carter, 226 ; Neolithic Flint Flake near Louth, C.S. Carter, 227; Investigation of deposits at Kirmington, 313; Deep Welk at Lincoln, T. Sheppard, 365; Geological notes by L.N.U. at Scunthorpe, H. Preston, 376. Hemiptera: Verlusia rhombea at Mablethorpe, C. E. Playll, 14; Rho- palotomus, «ater- at: Torksey, A. Thornley, 138; Nabis limbatus at Crowland, A. Thornley, 190; Leca- nium. caprez var. genevense at Lincoln, J. E. Mason, 301. Hymenoptera: Hymenoptera noted by L.N.U. at Torksey, A. Thornley, 137; at Crowland, A. Thornley, 190; and at Scunthorpe, A. Thornley, 380. Infusoria: List of Infusoria of Grimsby District, A. Smith, 209-210. Lepidoptera: Tanagra atrata noted at L.N.U. Meeting at Torksey, A. Thornley, 137; Calocampa exoleta noted by L.N.U. at Revesby, A. Thornley, 148; Chrysophanus phloeas at Spalding, Miss S. C. Stow, 191; Melitzea artemis and both Euclidiz near :Gouth) (©.-.S; Carter, 220-7; Euchelia jacobez at Mablethorpe, A. Smith, 304; Nisoniades semiargus extinct at Epworth, H. H. Corbett, 3733. Lepidoptera noted by L.N.U. at Scunthorpe, A. Thornley, 379-380. Lichens: Lichens noted by L.N.U. at Revesby, Miss S. C. Stow, 147; Pel tigera canina noted by L.N.U. at Scunthorpe, Miss S. C. Stow, 378. Mammals: White Hares near Horn- castle, J. C. Walter, 14; Otters near Grimsby, A. Smith, 114; How do Mammals Drink? E. A. W. Peacock, 114; Rat's Mode of Drinking ob- served at Alford, J. EH. Mason, 170;, Mammalian Remains in Fenland Soils; EK. SAC UW. =Beacock, 182, 155< Natural History in Lincolnshire Place-Names, E. A. W. Peacock, igi; Animals ona Keepers Tree; near Louth, C. S. Carter, 226; Otters at Great Sturton, G. Wattam, 272. Mollusca, Land and Freshwater: Helix arbustorum impaled by Vhrush on Barbed Wire near Brigg, E. A. W. Peacock, 125; Shells notediby L.N.U. at Dorcksey,, C2s. Carter 136), Dinu Shells from the River Ancholme, Cadney- Parish;. baw WwW. Peacock, 138 5 North-West Lindsey Mollusca, South Kelsey Parish, BE: A.W. Pea- cock, 139; Anodonta cygnea in North- West Lindsey, E.. A. W. Peacock, 139; Wariations in delelices in «tlie Grimsby District, A. Smith, 139; Shells noted by L.N.U. at Revesby, C.S. Carter, 147; Mollusca in Louth District, C. S. Carter, 176; Molluscan Remains in Fenland Shell-Maris, E. A. W. Peacock, 183, 185; Mollusca noted by L.N.U. at (‘Crowland, -E.' A WW, -Peacock, 190s. Lincolnshire Ramble in Search of Clausilia rolphu, C. S. Carter, 225-228; New Locality for C. rolphii near Louth, Cas, Carters 228; Catalogue of Lincolnshire Non- Marine Mollusca; Hi. Wallis Kew, 261-270; Pyramidula rupestris near Grantham, C. S. Carter, 270; Hyalinia lucida near Alford, C. S. Carter, 270; Paludestrina jenkinsi in Lincolnshire, H. W.:Kew; 270; Vapasecale,-ete, near Grantham, C. S. Carter, 270; Pisidium henslowanum and _ Band- Formula 12045 of Helix nemoralis near Brigg. Cc 3 Spa nioms 02/7ire Pisidium henslowanum in Lincoln- shire, H. Wallis Kew, 271; Mollusca from Grantham district, C. S. Carter, ‘71; Cyclostoma at Oxcombe, C. S. Carter, 292; Pisidium subtruncatum fear - Louth;= GS Carter.) 2025 Agriolimax agrestis devouring Earth- worms, C. S. Carter, 292; Mollusca noted by L.N.U. at Scunthorpe, C. S. Carter, 378-379. Mollusca, Marine: Molluscan Re-_ mains in Fenland Estuarine Soils, E.. A. W.. Peacock, 185; Marine Shells noted in half a day’s Ramble at Mablethorpe, A. Smith, 304. Naturalist, rag : Classified Index. SOT LINCOLNSHIRE—continued. Mosses and Hepatics: List of Lin- colnshire Hepatics, Miss S. C. Stow, 55-505 Correction, 140; North | of England Harpidia, with Lincolnshire Localities, J. A. Wheldon, 609-90; Some: New Mosses for North or South Lincolnshire, Miss S. C. Stow, Eeena esses, toted by’ Li.N-.U. at Meese, Miss S. ©.) Stow, 136; _ Mosses and Hepatic noted by PeNewe at Revesby, ) Miss. S.-C. Stow, 147; Hypnum fluitans in Lin- colnshire Peat, E. A. W. Peacock, race VEosses “noted: by L.N.U.. at Crowland and Spalding, E. A. W. Peacock, 190; Mosses and Hepatics noted by L.N.U. near. Scunthorpe, Miss S. ©. Stow, 377-378. Neuroptera: Neuroptera noted by E.N-U: at Torksey, A. Thornley, 138; *Agrion puella noted by L.N.U. at Scunthorpe, A. Thornley, 379-380. Orthoptera: Orthoptera noted by MEONsU; at. Torksey,: Eland Shaw, 138; Periplaneta australasiz at Bomttee.\ 5. Carter, 163; Steno- Arachnida: Lycosa purbeckensis at Hexham, W. Falconer, 115. Museum at Newcastle, 366. “Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium 4 at Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 341; Northumberland Plants in the Motley / pclell,) 350. _ Geology and Palzontology: Biblio- Birds: Peregrine Falcon and Haw- finch in Notts., A. ‘Thornley, 125; + Blown Eggs in Nests at Bingham, mie er A W. Peacock, 164; Thrush- | Notes and Cuckoo-Notes from Bing- iam, i A W. Peacock, 164, 164. 1902 December 1. Birds: Condor laying an Egg at the | Flowering Plants: Northumberland _ Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. Riddels- bothrus bicolor at Thornley, 190. Personal Notices: W. H. Wheeler and his book on the Sea-Coast, 288; A. Smith‘and his paper on Lincoln- shire Spiders, 368; Rev. R. A. Gatty’s paper on Pigmy Flint Implements at Scunthorpe, 368. Polyzoa: Polyzoa at Smith, 124. Reptiles and Amphibians: Black- bird eating a Frog, Horncastle, J. C. Walter, 126; Frogs and Toads at Spalding, Miss S. C. Stow, rot. Societies: Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union at Torksey, E. A. W. Pea- COC Aen at wINeVeS Dy. ila. eae Peacock, 145; at Spalding, E. A. W. Peacock, 189-191; and at Scunthorpe, EK. A. W. Peacock, 375-380. Tidal Phenomena: Three Tides on the irene: ini 7249 hours. Be; Ae Ve Reacoek, 176. Crowland, A. Grimsby, A. Worms: Rhynchodemus terrestris near Louth, C. S. Carter, 228. FS OR oMAN: Geology and Palzontology: Bibliography for 1899, T. Sheppard, 317-333- NORTHUMBERLAND. graphy for Sheppard, 317- 333: cease Cheviots as a Source of Yorkshire Boulders,.P. F. Kendall and J. H. Howarth, 211; Saccammina carteriin Northumberland, P. F. Kendall, 222. 1899, T. Lepidoptera: Death's Head Moth at Haydon Bridge, J. W. Fawcett, 32. Mosses: North of England Harpidia, with Northumberland localities, J. A. Wheldon, 75. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Fungi: Geaster fornicatus in Notts., W. Fowler, 288. Geology and Paleontology: Biblio- graphy for 1899, T. Sheppard, A902 DIO" m, OF fe Classified Index. . WESTMORLAND AND LAKE LANCASHIRE. Birds: The Birds of Rydal, Miss Mary | L. Armitt, 237-256; Migration of the Pied Flycatcher, etc., in Northern England, Miss M. L. Armitt, \ 272 ; | Hawfinch in Westmorland, T. Shep- pard, 276, G. Stabler, 276. Coleoptera: Saperda populnea at Ambleside, G. T. Porritt, 4; Lagria hirta and Phyllopertha horticola as | food of Pied Flycatcher at Rydal, Typhzeus vulgaris and Dor Beetle at Rydal, Miss M. L. Armitt, 250, 257: Ferns and Fern-Allies: Asplenium | marinum at Cow’'s-Mouth, S. L. Petty, 53; Lycopodium annotinum in West- morland, J. A. Martindale, 132; Some Westmorland Ferns, R. E. Leach, 156; Westmorland Ferns and Fern- Allies in the Bicheno Herbarium at Swansea, H:. J. Riddelsdell, 339; Westmorland and Lake-Lancashire Ferns and Lycopod in the Motley Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdeil, 351. Fishes: Shark on the North Lan- cashure (Goasts -S. (Le Petty. ois Sturgeon on the North Lancashire Woast, S. ‘L. Petty, zor. Flowering Plants: Callitriche autum- nalis in Lake-Lancashire, a Cor- rection, A. Bennett} 129; Silver- Leaved Holiy at Barrow-in-Furness, H. Gaythorpe, 129; Some Westmor- land Piants, R. E. Leach, 155-156; The Chemistry of Some Common Lakeland Plants, P. Q. Keegan, 165- 169; food-plants noted in List of Birds of Rydal, Miss M. L. Armitt, 237-256; Bog-Orchis in Lake-Lan- cashire and Westmorland, Miss S. Amit. 272) Phe WHazelss Cornylus avellana, P. Q. Keegan, 309-313; Notes on Westmorland and Lake- Lancashire Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium ‘at\ Swansea, ) Hs “fi Riddelsdell, 339-340; Westmorland and Lake-Lancashire Plants in ‘the Motley Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 343 and 350-351 ; Heather on Humphrey Head, P. OQ. Keegan, Distribution of in 3223 maculata 369-372. Geology and Palzontology: Biblio- graphy for 1899, T. Sheppard, 317- 335: J. E. Marr's discovery of metamor- phosed metalliferous vein near Shap, T. Sheppard, 302; The Brockrams of the Vale of Eden and the Evidence they afford of an inter-Permian Move- ment of the Pennine Faults, P. F. Kendall, 305-308; Striated Boulder in the Brockram, 314. Lepidoptera: Species noted at Amble- side, G. T. Porritt, 3-4; Death’s Head Moth at = Lindal-in-Furness, S.. L. Petty, 368. Mollusca, Land and Freshwater: Ancylus fluviatilis in Windermere Lake,’ F. «Mi. Burtony 1765 times: cinereo-niger in North Lancashire, 5. . Petty,/ 366. Mosses: North of England Harpidia, with Westmorland and Lake-Lan- cashire localities, J. A. Wheldon, 79-90: Neuroptera and Trichoptera: Con- tribution towards the Entomology of Ambleside, G. T. Porritt, 3-4. | Reptiles: Lizard in Lake-Lancashire, igs. sPetty1407- YORKSHIRE. Algze : Voivox observed by Y.N.U. at Cusworth, M. H. Stiles, 120; List of , Diatoms noted by Y.N.U. at Cus- worth and Cadeby, M. H. Stiles, 121 ; Delesseria sanguinea and Laminaria digitata as habitats for mollusca at Sandsend, Miss M. V. Lebour, 171-’| 176. Arachnida: Diplocephalus spinosus (sp. nov.?) near Slaithwaite, W. | Falconer, 207. Birds: Birds noted by Y.N.U. at | Masham, K. McLean, 16-17; Black Redstart near Scarborough, R. For- = Montagu’s' Harrier at — tune ;;: B25 Hypocheris | England, A. Bennett, — a _ Naturalist, Bickley, R.. Fortune, 32; List -of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Birds, W. Denison Roebuck, 97-112; Cuckoo, Curlew, and Dipper on Maw Rigg, W. C. Hey, 114; Albino Skylark at Buckton, W. Hewett, 127; Albino Swallow at Bempton, W. Hewett, 127; Cream-coloured Skylark at | Bempton, W. Hewett, 127; White Hedge Accentor at Beverley, W. Hewett, 127; Merlins and Curlews on Rombalds Moor, W. Hewett, 127; Nuthatch at Helmsley, W. Hewett, 127; Red-backed Shrike at Spurn and at Everingham, W. Hewett, 127; | Bird Destruction at Bridlington, J. C. Walter, 127; Cuckoo and its Foster- Parents, York; W.. Hewett, 127; Tengmalm’s Owl at Bickley, R. Fortune, 164; Spotted Crake near Doneaster, -_H. H-. Corbett, 164; Nightingales at Knaresborough, R. Pariane, 192; Nesting at Thornton Bridge in 1702, ‘S. L. Petty, 192; Increase of Great . Spotted Woodpecker in the Wils- | den district, R. Butterfield, 192; Migratory Note on the Pied Fly- | catcher and Chiffchaff in West York- shire, R. Butterfield, 192; Bird-Notes from Easington and Spurn, Spring of ieee, Woten, 223; .Peregrine: | fear Driffield, T. Sheppard, 257; Migration of the Pied Flycatcher, etc., in Northern England, Miss M. L. Armitt, 272; Rook with Recurved Bill near Barnsley, E. G. Baytord, 276; Unusual Position for Nest of Black-headed Gull | Classified Index. | | 393 YORKSHIRE—continued. Coleoptera: Chrysomela gcettingensis at Edlington. E. G. Bayford, 64; Staphylinus cesareus at Maw Rigg and Scarborough, W. C. Hey, 113; Beetles noted by Y.N.U. at Conis- borough and Doncaster, E. G. Bay- ford and H. Ostheide, 120; Broscus cephalotes and Calathus mollis at Auburn, W. C. Hey, 258; Agabus congener and Hydroporus gyllenhali in Upper Teesdale, M. L. Thompson, 259; Chleenius vestitus at Bridlington Quay, W. C. Hey, 259; List of Beetles noted by L.N.U.at Kilburn and Cox- wold, M. L. Thompson, 283; York- shice,sColeoptiera, an) noor, (Mee Thompson, 285-287; Ravages of Harpalus ruficornis in Holderness, T. Sheppard, 301; Beetles noted by VNU near) Doncaster, > "hl vri Corbett, 375. Crustacea: Bosmina longirostris noted by Y.N.U. at Cusworth, M. H. Stiles, 120; Spiny Lobster off Flamborough, AQ oSmithy 210 large Crab iat Withernsea, T. Sheppard, 372; Por- tunus depurator at Bridlington, W. C. ELewing 7/2: Ferns and Fern-Allies: Equisetids and Lycopods noted by Y.N.U. at Masham, E. Snelgrove, 19; Ferns also. noted, J. 7E. Clark, 1953.) Werns noted at Steeton_and Ryther, F. Arnold Lees, 64; Equisetum maximum at Fylingdales, E. A: W. Peacock, 234; Ferns and Equisetid noted by Y.N.U. at Kilburn and Coxwold, T. W. Woodhead, 278; Ferns noted oF _ Sedge-Warbler, Hornsea Mere, T. | ee, Shepherd, 276; Hull Museum, the | by Y.N.U. at North Grimston, T. W. ~ Swailes Collection of Eggs, T. Shep- | Woodhead, 298; Ferns and Fern- ____pard, 276; Hawfinch at Huddersfield, Allies in the Motley Herbarium at : te fee: 2.) Porritt, 276 ;° Birds noted by Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 349. ee oe Y¥.N.U. at Kilburn and Coxwold, YY. W. Woodhead, 278, K. McLean, i) 282-283; Birds noted by YIN. Ui at North Grimston, K. McLean, 294-295 ; | Little Stint near Spurn, P. W. Loten, 308; White-headed variety of Guille- mot at Speeton, T. Sheppard, 308 ; Curious Nesting-place of a Wren at - Winestead, Holderness, T. Sheppard, 308; Albino Swallow and Swift near | . Bradford, R. Butterfield, 308 ; Honey - Buzzards near Driffield, E. P. Black- burn, 354; Autumn Bird-Notes from ~ _ Spurn, P. W. Loten, 354; Abundance of Magpies in the Huddersfield Dis- | Prmrch,. Gf. Porritt, (354. Fishes: List of Fishes of the Parish’ of, Halifax, Fi. Pickles, 261. Flowering Plants: Folk-Name Mother-Die applied to Germander Speedwell, J. W. Fawcett, 4; Plants noted .by Y.N.U. at Masham, E. Snelgrove, 19; Festuca sylvatica near Masham, T. Gibbs, 20; Some Fiower Features of the Southern Ainsty, F. Arnold Lees, 63-64; Plants noted on a May-Day on Maw Rigg, near Lanedale End, W. C. Hey, 113-1143 Plant-Names and Folk-Lore at New- some, Huddersfield, W. E. L.Wattam, 116; Cypripedium calceolus, etc., in 92 December 1. 94 Classified Index. YORKSHIRE—continied. 1782, at Ingleton and Kilnsey, W. A. Shuifrey, “130; Nuphar= lutea “at Wheatley, H. H. Corbett, 205 ;. Pro- pagation of Myriophyllum by ‘ Winter Bods, H.. H. Corbett; 92235" Variety, of Stellaria holostea at Fylingdales, E. A.W. ae in North Yorkshire in 1702, Se Petty, 234; Maritime Pidnts at ones WC. Hey, 258; Gagea lutea near Silsden, L. Rotheray, Plants observed by Y.N.U. wold and Kilburn, T. W. Woodhead, 277-279 and woodcut; List otf addi- tions to the Bowland Flora, J. F. Pickard, 289-291; Plants noted by WoN Wat sNorth -Grimstony iV: Woodhead, 297-298; Lathyrus ochrus, a new Yorkshire Colonist, F. A. GEES, 5-316; Plants noted by Y NeoU=* at: Coxwold;:a~ Correction; T. W. Woodhead, 316; Yorkshire Plants in the Bicheno Herbarium at | Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 338-339, 341-342 ; ~ Yorkshire Plants “in the Motley Herbarium at Swansea, H. J. Riddelsdell, 344-350; mean Leeds; A. By Bradley, 352); Wis- tribution of Hypochzeris maculata in England, A. Bennett, 369-372 ; Plants seen in North-East Yorkshire in 1902, H. J. Riddelsdell, 384;. Sedum vil- losum at Ingleborough, W. Whitwell, 384. Fungi: New Yorkshire Agarics, G. Massee and C. Crossland, 1-2; List of Fungi of Masham and Swinton, C. Crossland, 21-31; Fungi noted by Y.N.U. at Conisborough and Don- caster, T. Gibbs, 123-124; Fungi, a Correction, C. Crossland, 132; Puccinia malvacearum at Rich- | Copro- | mond, |2 W.Pawcett, 132); philous Fungi collected near Sheffield, DPeGibbs; 132 3. Jews Bars: Pieland other Dainties, W. N. Cheesman, 273-275; Fungi noted by Y.N.U. at: | Kilburn and Coxwold, T. Gibbs, 281- 282; Fungus Foray of -Y.N.U. at Egton Bridge and Arncliffe Woods, near observed, C. Crossland, 355-365. Geology and Paizontology : Biblio- graphy for 1899, T. Sheppard, 317- 336: Geological Observations made at Masham by Y.N.U., T. Sheppard, 20; at Conisborough and Doncaster ZG | AO xan Sagina ciliata | Cadeby. | Whitby, with List of Species | Peacock; 234°; ‘Acer cam- | Hymenoptera: by °Y.N..UOL, ‘He: Eee Cerbett, | tr7srg and woodcut ; Ichthyosaurus thyreo- spondylus at Speeton, J. W. Stather, 170; Yorkshire Boulder Committee and its Fifteenth Year's Work, P. F. Kendall and J. H. Howarth, 211-216; Current Bedding in Carboniferous Limestone in Craven, P. F. Kendall, 216; Origin of the Rosedale Iron- stone; > Pu) FS oJKendally «2164s Phe Yorkshire Boulder~ Committee and its Work, a Retrospect, T. Sheppard, — 217-222, J. H.. Howarth, 222);)-Sac- cammina carteri1 Brady in Yorkshire, P. F. Kendall, 222; Boulders at ane thorne, near Barusleys ©. i Pratt 250 ; Large Mammoth’s Tooth at Aldborough, T. Sheppard, 258; Plei- stocene Fishes i in East Yorkshire, T. Sheppard, 258; Geological notes by Y°ON.U: at. Kulbusnejand Coxwolds J. E. Hall, 284; Geological notes by Y.N.U. at North Grimston, T. Shep- pard, 300-301; Water Supply of Withernsea, T. Sheppard, 302 ; Perth- shire Rocks in North-East Yorkshire, T: Sheppard,...35%;5-° andslip. at Withernsea, T. Sheppard, 365; House of Commons and the Denudation of the Holderness Coast, 366; Geological notes by Y.N.U. at Bawtry. T. Shep- pard, 374. Hemiptera: Psallus betuleti noted by WING near Corbett, 375. Face Ee Doncasterx, Sirex gigas near Masham, G. T. Porritt, 19; Cimbex sylvarum and Opheltes glaucopterus near Huddersfield and Barnsley, G. T.. Porritt,” 1603 5: -Simex ‘eieas ae Wetwang-on-the-Wolds, E. Maule Cole, 314; Gorytes mystaceus and Odynerus callosus noted by Y.N.U. near Doncaster, A. Thornley, 375. Lepidoptera: Captures at Masham, G. T. Porritt, 19; Proposed Supple- ment to the ‘List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera, G. Tf. Porritt, 625 Hermaphroditism in Crocallis eling- naria at Everingham, W. Hewett, 62 3. Eupithecia isogrammata at caster, an addition to the Yorkshire County List, G. T. Porritt, 62; Lepi- doptera captured in 1901 near Mid- dlesbrough, T. A. Lofthouse, 62; Thecla rubi and Saturnia carpini on Maw Rigg, Langdale End, W. C. — Hey, 113; Hummingbird Hawkmoth — Naturalist, : ¥ Don- © — Classified Index. YORKSHIRE—continued. at Wilton, convolvuli at Ennomos erosaria W. Hewett, 140; Sphinx York, W. Hewett, 140 ; in Cleveland, F. Elgee, 140; Vanessa antiopa and V.io at Middlesbrough, R. G. Clayton, 140; Sallow Season at Bishop’s Wood in 1901, W. Hewett, 140; Hibernation of Vanessa urticz at Middlesbrough, Ro. G. Clayton, 140; Notes on the Lepidoptera of Skelmanthorpe during tgo1, B. Morley. 141-144 ; Lepidoptera in Kensington Road, Middiesbrough, during the years 1898-1900, F. Elgee, - 193-196; Melanic variety of Phigalia f Zeemoncastes, . Hd: H.-Corbett, 222 ; ~ Melanthia albicillata noted by Y.N.U. at North Grimston, G. T. Porritt, 297; Nemotois sfasciellus at Medg¢ Hall, an Addition to the Yorkshire List, H. H. Corbett, 302; Melanargia galatea in “Fa estes) Re Relea. 302; Sesia sphegiformis at Bishop's | iweod.G. 1b ~ Porritt, 368; Sphinx | _ convolvuli and Vanessa io near Spurn, pc P. W. Loten, 368; Zeuzera zesculi at Barnsley, G. T. Porritt, 368. _Lichens: Peltigera canina noted by ~Y.N.U. near Masham, T. Gibbs, 19. PMoiitifialia : Albino Rat near Pock- lington, W. Hewett, 114; Albinism in Rats near Selby, W. Hewett, 116; - Mammals noted by Y.1 N.U. at Kilburn hand, -Coxwold, K.. McLean, ~283; near Hull, T. Sheppard, 304; Rein- Bees keer. eater in the Peat, Withernsea, _ T. Sheppard, 304 ; Stoats. and Weasels _. in keeper’s hoard at Winestead, aE __ Sheppard, 308; Mammals noted by ~Y.N.U: near Bawtry and Doncaster, ie Seimeite Corbett, 374. Be scolony : Remarkable Sunsets in - East Yorkshire, T. Sheppard, 366; _ Waterspout at Cottingham, T. Shep- _ pard, 366. "Mollusca, Land and Freshwater: Mollusca noted by Y.N.U.at Masham, _W. Denison Roebuck, 17-18; Mol- _lusca noted by Y.N.U. at Cusworth Limnza peregra m. decollatum at Rossington, H..H. Corbett, 176 ; pe ecirial Mollusca of Doncaster, H. H. Corbett, 205-207; Helix can- ee in sea-side sand at Auburn, Mammals noted by Y.N.U. at North | 3 Grimston, K. McLean, 295; Badger | at Speeton, T. Sheppard, 304 ; Otter. and Conisborough, J. W. Taylor, 119; | Wi. €. Hey, 253; Pupa ringens at Flamborough Head, W. C. Hey, 271 ; Mollusca noted by Y.N.U. at Kilburn and Coxwold, J. E. Crowther, 282; Valvata cristata in Upper Airedale, near Bingley, F. Rhodes, 292; Mol- lusca noted by Y.N.U. at North Grimston, E. P. Blackburn, 296-297 ; Shells at Hornsea Mere, T. Sheppard, 366; Mollusca noted by Y.N.U. in the river Norne,; H. H. ‘Corbett, 374. Mollusca, Marine: Marine Mollusca of Sandsend, Miss M. V. Lebour, 171- 176. Mosses: North of England Harpidia with Yorkshire Localities, Jee ee Wheldon, 68-90; Harpidioid Hypna of Yorkshire and Durham, W. Ingham, 23-96; Mosses noted by YON GU Sak Conisborough, Sprotborough, and Marr, W. Ingham, 121-123; List of Mosses of Pool, G. B. Savery, 229- 234; Additional Yorkshire Records for Harpidioid Hypna, W. Ingham, 260; Mosses and Hepatics noted by Y.N.U. at Kilburn and Coxwold, W. Ingham and M. B. Slater, 280; Mosses and Hepatics noted by Y.N.U. at North Grimston, W. Ingham, 298- 299; Additions to Sphagna of York- shire, W. Ingham, 381-383. Neuroptera and Trichoptera: Perla maxima and P. cephalotes on the Wharfe, G. T. Porritt, 3; Trichoptera and Neuroptera at Masham, G. T. Porritt, 18-19; Neuroptera and Tri- choptera at Huddersfield, G. T. ~ Porritt, 144; Phryganea minor and Limnophilus bipunctatus at Skipwith, G. T. Porritt, 144; Neuroptera and Trichoptera noted by Y.N.U. at North Grimston, G. T. Porritt, 297. | Personal Notices: Capt. Colbeck, of Hull, in the Antarctic, 259; A. W. Rowe and C. D. Sherborn studying Flamborough Geology, 260; P. F. Kendall's paper on a system of Glacial-Lakes in Cleveland, 260; E. Lamplough’s ‘Hull Sonnets, 260; Death of C. P. Hobkirk, 287; J. F. Robinson and his new E Riding Flora, 288; Proposed establishment of a Public Museum at Barnsley, 255 ; Alfred Harker elected F.R.S., 258 ; Museums Association at Bradford, 288; Cartwright Memorial Museum at Bradford, 288; Memorial to late | } asl 396 MARGOT SAWAN ttn ore ada ahs! hi, oh ts TN Pde M ms eh sh ¥ sido < 5 ‘yaa my } i Classified Index. YORKSHIRE—continued. Canon Maddock, 308; Robt. Kidston elected (sRURIS is 314 3) the» Pate jor ~Champley’s collection of Great Auks’ Eegs, 316; George Massee and his work on the European Fungus Flora, 3545 ‘J. R. Mortimers intention to publish his researches, 366; J. W. Wilson and his privately printed pamphlets, 366; C. S. Eccles and his pamphlet on Hull Water Supply, 367; Rev. M. C. F. Morris and his paper on Vowel-Sounds of the East York- | shire Folk-Speech, 367; C. Crossland and his paper on Halifax Place-names and Natural Features, 368. Reptiles and Amphibians: Amphi- | bians noted by Y.N.U. at North Grimston, K. McLean, 296; Grass Snake near Hull, and its Behaviour in Captivity, T. Sheppard, 367; Living Toads in Solid Stone, the Problem discussed, W. Fowler, 367. Rotifers: Rotifers noted by Y.N.U. at Cusworth, H. Moore, 120. } j Societies: Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Masham, T. Gibbs, 15-20; Yorkshire Naturalists’ Unionat Conis- borough and Doncaster, H. H. Cor- bett, 117-124; Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Coxwold and Kilburn, T. A. Brode, 277-284; Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at North Grimston, T. Shep- pard, 293-301; Transactions of East Riding Antiquarian Society for 1901, 302; Yorkshire notes from British — Association Meeting at Belfast, 313- 314; Date of Annual Meeting of Y.N.U. at. Hull, 3143" Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Bawtry, H. H. Corbett, 373-375. Sponges: MHalichondria panicea at Sandsend, Miss M. V. Lebour, 171- 176. Tidal Phenomena: Three Tides in Twenty-four hours, up Humber and Trenty) Ey AW Peacock. 176 sslaic Waves on the Yorkshire Coast, W. C. Hey, 372. | MISCELLANEA. Botanical Nomenclature: On the Name Harpidium, J. A. Martindale, egiite Food of Birds: Ivy Berries and Black- birds in Hants, E. A. W. Peacock, 234. Fossil Mollusca: Notice of R. Charles’ Series from Paris Basin, 375. Printed by Chorley & Pickersgill, The Electric Press, Leeds. Fungi in Surrey; Mycena cinerea at Kew, Massee and Crossland, 1. Vernacular Names and Folk-Lore: Editorial note, 4. Wild Birds Protection Act of i902, 292. \ Now Ready, in One Volume, Crown Svo. cloth. ’ Price Five Shillings. WILD BIRD PROTECTION _ LEEDS: 30 Varieties. a AND NESTING BOXES. With Illustrations of various Designs of Boxes, Brackets, etc., that have actually been used by Wild Birds for Nidification, and a full list of the Orders made under the ‘ Wild Birds Protection Acts’ on the application of County Councils, with the Names of the Species protected. By JOHN R. B. MASEFIELD, M.A., Vice-President of the North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club, TAYLOR BROTHERS, Pusvisuerrs. TO GEOLOGISTS. 1903. Ninth Year of Distribution. 1903. Typical Collections from famed Barton Beds (Middle Eocene). Boxed, Named, and Localised. Over 100 Specimens in each Series. 3s. each on receipt of Postal Orders. Also Suites of Paris Basin Mollusca (Zocene and Oligocene). Series 1, 2, 3. Boxed, Named, and Localised. 40 Varieties, 6s. 6d.; 100 Varieties, 158.; by Parcel Post on receipt of Postal Orders. Ninth Year of Distribution. R. CHARLES, Naturalist, Highcliffe-on-Sea, Christchurch, Hants. The Naturalists’ Journal. Edited by CHARLES MOSLEY. The most popular iliustrated Magazine published in the interests of nature students (especially beginners). Prepaid Subscription: 2s. ‘6d. per annum, post free to any part of the world. Send ‘stamp for specimen copy. a Superior Edition is published at.5$. per annum, with coloured plates. Spect men copy sixpence. 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THE ENTOMOLOGIST: An Iflustrated Journa! of General Entomology. Lithographed Plates by the best Entomological Artists and frequent Woodcuts. Edited by RICHD. SOUTH, F.E.S., with the assistance of Re Adkine “IC. Sve" I. Rey Billups,” FBS; W. L. Distant, F.L.S., etc.; Edward A. Fitch, F.L.S., etc.; EF. W. Frohawk, F.E.S.; Martin Jacoby, 3°. ES. ; Ait let urby elas. ees Je Sy Lecehi, B.A., F-.L.S., éte. é Dr. I). Sharp, KR Sete 2G: a Verrall, F.E.S. ; W. Warren, M.A., F.E.S. z LONDON: Wsr, Newman & Co., 54, Hatton Garden, E.C. Now ready, complete, 8vo., cloth, wit Coloured Map, price &x rs. The Flora of West Yorkshire. By Freperic ARNOLD Lrzs, M.R.C.S., ete. 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