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Chanler REVERENDISSIMO IN CHRISTO PATRI, JOANNI MOORE, PROVIDENTIA DIVINA, ARCHIEPISCOPO CANTUARIENSI, ^ ANIMI CANDORE, INGENII SUAVITATE, VITJE INTEGRITATE SPECT ATISSIMO, LER Tae Eu INC NATURE VIVARIE FASCICULUM, CULTU OMNI ET OBSERVANTIA, DDD: GEORGIUS SHAW, FREDERICUS P. NODDER. TO 'FHE MOST REVEREND FATHER IN GOD, JOHN, BY DIVINE PROVIDENCE, | ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, &c. &c. &c. THIS THIRD VOLUME OF ‘Tun NATURALIST’s MISCELLANY IS, WITH THE MOST PROFOUND. HUMILITY, INSCRIBED, BY HIS GRACE’S MOST DEVOTED SERVANTS, GEORGE SHAW, FREDERICK P. NODDER. abe MU "5 ne is CERTHIA COCCINEA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum axcuatum, tenue, fubtrigonum, acutum Lingua acuta. : Pedes ambulatorii. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 184. Pice. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &é. CERTHIA COCCINEA, alias caudaque nigris, roftro pallido. CERTHIA COCCINEA. Gmel. Syfl. 1. p. 470. CERTHIA VESTIARIA. | Lath. Ind. orm. p. 282. Certhia Coccinea, in infulis Sandvicenfibus copiofif- fima, roftrum gerit prelongum, incurvum et pallidum : tota avis coloris eft lete rubri, exceptis alis caudaque nigris: tabula illam exprimit magnitudine naturali: interdum utrinque juxta humeros macula alba confp - eitur. ex) » doi Dee ol THE SCARLET CREEPER. €—— ÁO d GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill flender, incurvated, fharp pointed. Tongue differing in fhape in the different fpecies. Legs moderately ftout. Toes placed three before, and one behind; back toe large: claws hooked and long. | | Linneus. Latham. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Se. SCARLET CREEPER, with black wings and tail, and pale bill. | HOOK-BILLED RED CREEPER. Lath. Synopf. 1. p. 704. The Scarlet Creeper is a native of the Sandwich Iflands, where it is extremely numerous. ‘The bill in this fpecies is very long, hooked, and of a pale colour. 'The whole bird is of a vivid red, except the wings and tail, which are black. In fome individuals a white fpot appears on each fide the fhoulders. - RANA CORNUTA. QE ORE OEE ERS CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus tetrapodum, ecaudatum, nudum. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 354- CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. RANA PALPEBRIS CONICIS. Lin. Syft. Nat. v. 356. BUFO CORNUTUS s. Spinofus Virginianus. Sep qut. mo T oq BUFO CORNUTUS. Laur. ampb. p. 25. n. 2. . Qui queftioni refpondere vellet, quidnam animal effinxerit natura deformiffimum? vix hereret ranam cornutam quafi exemplum infolite turpitudinis feligere; qua fane vel ipfa Pipa feu Surinamenfi foedior eft et monítrofior. Non poffumus illam non horrefcere et _averfari frontem intuentes quafi cornua gerentem, fum- mas nempe palpebras in mucronem callofum produ&tas, orifque immodicam amplitudinem, hiatumque ultra fo- litum immanem. Rariffima eft rana cornuta. Americam Septen- Septentrionalem inhabitat, et in Virginia potiffimum in- venitur. Color generalis eft fufco-virefcens, fafciis latis albicantibus longitudinalibus per dorfum ductis. Cutis quoque corporis fuperioris tuberculis aculeatis contecta eft. Crura fufco tranfverfim fafciata funt, DS) SENSO D. Sw x Ne Su 2 a A »- ES onum Be T tag 5579), ly GF 3 Motard E Vas Brecordirce/a THE HORNED FROG. oh es Po GENERIC CHARACTER. Body four-footed, Bake. without tail. Lin. Syft. Nat. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. FROG with horned eyelids, Should inquiry be made, which is the uglieft animal yet known to exift? the creature here repre- fented might perhaps with juftice be propofed as an anfwer: an animal of fuch prodigious deformity as even to exceed in this refpe& the Surinam toad, or Rana | Pipa. What gives an afpect fo peculiarly forbidding to the prefent fpecies is the horned appearance of ilis front, which is caufed by a fharp-pointed elongation of the upper part of each eyelid into a callous procefs refembling a horn: to this may be added the exceffive width of the mouth, which exceeds that of every other known fpecies of Rana. This animal is extremely rare, and is a native of fome parts of North America. - It is principally found in Virginia. Its general colour is is a greenifh brown, with broad longitudinal ftripes of whitith on the back, and the fkin on the upper part of the body is covered with a kind of fpiny tubercles: the legs are tranfverfly fafciated with brown. PAPILIO HELENA. pojtottetetotoptogotetotototeteleteteteteleten CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne apicem verfus craffiores, fzepius clavato- - capitatze. | Ale (fedentis) crete furfumque conniventes. (Folatu diurno.) : Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 744- Eq. Tr. . CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, C9c. PAPILIO alias dentatis atris concoloribus: pofti- cis difco communi aurato. | | Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 748. Clerk. ic. t. 22. f. 1. | Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 10. . Papilionem Helenam, vix ab ullis exoticis pulchri- tudine fuperatum, diftinguit aterrimus et quafi holo- fericus alarum color; quarum fibre virgis nonnullis pallidioribus et cinereis notantur. Alis utrifque inferi- oribus fummum decus affert macula ampliffima infigni- ter aureo-flava, venifque nigris pulcherrifme, ftriata. Americam auftralem incolit Papilio Helena, et pra- cipue in Surinamia invenitur. abra « UM 77 HELENA. OR, THE BLACK-AND-GOLD BUTTERFLY. ERE EEE EEE EEE PPE EIFS GENERIC CHARACTER. The Antenne, or Horns, thickening towards the | upper part, and generally terminating in a knob, or club-fhaped tip. The Wings (when fitting) erect, and meeting up- wards. (Fight diurnal.) . —— SPECIFIC CHARACTER. BLACK BUTTERFLY with both furfaces alike; the difk of the lower wings of a brilliant | gold colour. The Papilio Helena, one of the moft beautiful of the exotic butterflies, is diftinguifhed by the deep velvet black of its wings, which are marked by a few lighter or greyiíh ftripes accompanying the fibres ; while the lower wings are each ornamented by a very large fpot or patch of the richeft golden-yellow, traverfed by fe- veral veins of black. It is a South-American infect, and is principally found at Surinam. MEROPS SUPERBUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rofirum curvatum, compreflum, carinatum. - Lingua apice laciniata, Pedes greflori. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 182. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. MEROPS RUBER, íronte, gula, uropygioque -ceeruleis, re&ricibus duabus intermediis lon- gioribus. Quanquam Meropi Brafilienfi Lathami affinis admo- dum fit hec avis, adeo tamen coloribus difcrepat, ut pro diftin&a fpecie jure habeatur. llam igitur diverfo nomine fignavi. In Mufeo Britannico affervatur pul chrum fpecimen unde delineata eft hec noftra figura, Ln E UNI ily Ih | | yl LT mmo. Ae ire PTET e THE | SUPERB BEE-EATER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill curved, compreffed, carinated, and fharp ‘pointed. Fie: | Tongue (generally) laciniated at the tip. Feet grefforial, 7. e. three toes forward and one backward; and the three lower joints of the middle toe clofely joined to thofe of the outmoft. gi SPECIFIC CHARACTER. RED BEE-EATER, with front, throat, and rump, blue; and the two middle tail-feathers longer than the reft. The colours of this bird differ fo much from thofe of the Merops Brafilienfis of Mr. Latham, to which it is yet extremely nearly allied, as to juftify its being re- garded as a diftinct fpecies, I have therefore called it by a different title. The beautiful fpecimen from which the prefent figure was taken is preferved in the pon Mufeum. - MADREPORA FUNGITES. «»otolotetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetet- oe CHARACTER GENERICUS. Animal Medufa. Corallium cavitatibus lamellofo-ftellatis. Lin. Syff. Nat. p. 1272. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. MADREPORA fimplex acaulis convexa, fubtus plerumque concava, interdum convexa et pedunculata. FUNGUS LAPIDOSUS. | Clus. exot. 125. f. 1. FUNGUS. LAPIDEUS. Buch. bif. 3. p. 801. f. 1, 2. Cum anteactis temporibus, dormiret recentiorum phi- lofophorum curiofa fedulitas, qua jam fere per totum . orbem feliciter diffunditur; nugis et fabellis anilibus fepius credebatur, vetuitque plurimorum hominum he- bes incuria ut vel ampla effet fpeciminum fupellex, vel etiam nactorum plena et genuina defcriptio. In planus igitur et animalibus indies erratum eft. Radix filicis in feptentrionali Afia fatis vulgaris naturam cum quadru- pede participare dit cenfebatur, vocabaturque commu- niter tüter agius vegetabilis. Gryllorum certe fpecies etoticas quibus ale funt ample, virides, et venofe, folia ani- mata habebantur: nec defuere qui ferio et pertinaciter afferuerunt arborum quarundam Indicarum et Ameri- canarum, fimul ac deciderant folia, fubito alis pedi- bufque gaudentia circa ipfam arborem volitare. Coral- lium quoque, feu Madreporam in tabula depi&am, fungum effe, five agaricon in lapidem converfum opi- nabantur tunc temporis phyfici. Ignofcendum eft fane huic errori potius quam alis multis, cum Madrepora agarico fimillima plerofque fpectatores (exceptis paucis, quibus res penitus fcrutari cordi eft) poffet decipere. Comperti funt tandem in India Orientali, ubi fre- quentior eft Madrepora, feduli examinatores, effe eam fulcrum feu habitaculum fubftantie gelatinofe et ani- mate, forma ad Medu/as ut vocantur, orbiculatás et depreffas accedentis. Efficit animal mirandum hoc do- micilium, materiem calcariam glutinofam ab omni cor- poris parte copiofe exprimendo; ita ut fulci feu depref- fiones in Madrepora, lamellis totidem acutis et radiatis in ipfius animalis corpore refpondeant; quod cum fit tenerrimum, aeri expofitum in meram pelliculam paucis horis decrefcit, nec nifi in aqua marina, qua nafcitur, probe poteft examinari. In nonnullis fpeciminibus ex parte inferiore, feu concava, proles minor varia protrudi- tur. In India precipue Orientali invenitur Madrepora Fungites, crefcitque interdum ad magnitudinem fex unciarum in diametro, interdum vix unam fuperat. Color albus non caret elegantia, totaque fuperficies ex- terior tuberculis minutiffimis leviter exafperatur. La- mellarum margines interrupto ordine ferrate funt. I M " t ie EI 2 mn M ool per Gg, ty FP Noddy YP 2 4 L7: MUR itera 7) (THE MUSHROOM MADREPORE. ————ÉO GENERIC CHARACTER. "The Animal refembling a Medufa. The Coral marked by lamellated ftar-fhaped ca- vities. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. MADREPORE with rifing or convex laminz above, generally concave and papillofe be- neath, and fometimes footftalked. Before that fpirit of inquiry which characterizes the modern cultivators of natural hiftory began to diffufe itfelf in Europe, innumerable errors were committed in the hiftories both of animals and vegetables, while the general negle& with which the major part of mankind regarded fubjects of this nature, ftill increafed the dif- ficulty of obtaining proper fpecimens and defcriptions of feveral of the moft curious and intere(ting produc- tions of nature. The root of a fpecies of fern, not un- common in the northern parts of Afia, was fuppofed to partake of the nature of à quadruped, and was digni- fied by the title of the vegetable lamb. Some of the locuft tribe with large green veiny wings were believed to to be animated leaves; and there were not wanting thofe who were ready to vouch the certainty of the leaves which fell from feveral trees in India and America becoming fuddenly furnifhed with legs and wings, and foon after fluttering round the branches of the tree which gave them birth; while the coral which forms the fubje& of the prefent plate was regarded as a fpecies of petrified mufhroom. It muft be confeffed that of all erroneous ideas this was one of the moft plaufible ; for fo very ftriking is the general retemblance which this coral bears to the genus Agaricus, that it is impoffible not to be forcibly imprefied with the fimilarity of the ftruc- ture. From obfervations, however, which have been made in thofe parts of India where it is commonly found, it appcars to be the production of an animal of a foft or gelatinous nature, and which bears a general affinity to the fhape of the orbicular depreffed Medufe or Sea-Blubbers. The animal forms this curious ful- crum or habitation by fecreting a copious depofitiom of calcarious matter from every part of its body, and the fulci or furrows in the Madrepore anfwer to fo many fharp radiated lamine of the creature's body. So ten- der is this animal, that it collapfes and fhrinks to a mere pellicle when expofed for fome hours to the air ; fo that it is only in the fea-water that it can be viewed to advantage. Some fpecimens of this Madrepore are proliferous, or have young productions of the fame form growing from feveral parts of the concave or lower furface. The Madrepora Fungites is found of various fizes, from an inch to fix inches in diameter. Its colour is an elegant white, and every part of the | external external furface is roughened by fmall protuberances, and the edges of the lamelle or gills are irregularly ferrated. It is principally found on the coafts of the Eaft Indies. SCARABJEUS GOLIATUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne clavate capitulo fiffili. Tibi antice fzepius dentate. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 541. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. SCARABZEUS feutellatus, thorace inermi, cly- peo bifurco. | Fabr. Spec. Ins. tom. 1. p. 14. Drur. Ins. 1. tab. 31. €9 3. tab. 40. Voet. Scar. tab. 22. fig. 51. Scarabeeus Goliatus, fui generis fere rariffimus, Afri- cam incolit, precipue Guineam. Coloribus variat; thorace interdum rofeo nigris lineis variato, elytrifque purpureo-ferrugineis; interdum tum thorace tum elytris albido-flavefcentibus, nigro interftinctis. In elegantif- fimo opere Domini Drury primo depi&ta eft hec fcara- bzei fpecies. og Lr pl a A PUYOL Dr RE Sra up d “TENG DP és P 7 FORK-HEADED BEETLE, GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne divided at the tip, or head, into feveral lamelle. Tibia, or fecond joints of the fore-legs, generally . toothed, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. BEETLE with plain thorax ftriped with black, and forked head, The Scarabeus Goliatus, one of the rareft of its genus, is a native of Africa, and is principally found in Guinea. Itis afpecies which varies much in colour; - fome fpecimens having the thorax rofe colour, ftriped with black, and deep-ferruginous or purple-brown elytra, or wing-cafes, while in other fpecimens both | thorax and elytra are of a dull yellowifh white, or cream- colour, ftriped and varied with black. This curious infect was firft figured in the elegant work of Mr. Drury. N at rco; EAT "m TROCHILUS MULTICOLOR. Ed CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum fabulato-filiforme, apice tubulato, capite longius: Mandibula fuperior vaginans infe- riorem. Lingua filiformis, filis duobus coalitis tubulofa. Pedes ambulatorii. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 189. " CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Se. TROCHILUS curviroftris fufcus, vertice, gula, pe&ore, humerifque, viridi-aureis, abdomine rubro, genis cyaneis. TROCHILUS MULTICOLOR. Lath. ind. orn. p. 308. Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 490. Trochilus Multicolor, variis ditiffimus coloribus, inter rariffimas fui generis fpecies habetur. Depingitur figura noftra a fpecimine pulcherrimo quod fuppeditavit Mu- íeum Britannicum. Americam Auftralem incolit hzc avicula. jet fee a THE HARLEQUIN HUMMING-BIRD. DIRE EE EEE EEF EEG GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill lender, tubular, the upper mandible fheath- ing the lower. . Tongue very long, miffile; formed of two con- joined cylindric tubes. Toes three forward, one backward. / SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. Curve billed brown Humming-Bird, with goid- green crown, throat, breaft, and íhoulders, red belly, and blue cheeks. HARLEQUIN HUMMING-BIRD. Lath. Synopf. 2. p. 760. —— The Trochilus Multicolor, or Harlequin Humming- Bird, fo remarkable for the diverfity of its colours, is one of the rareft of its genus. The figure here repre- fented is taken from the beautiful fpecimen in the Britifh Mufeum. This bird is a native of South Ame- rica. dk t 18 Tub Os Tat) * , vg ie od "ir meo d wt or a dt i ci f Ap gan pf. Sad adn ISIS NOBILIS. 4otletdettotdettetteetetote Heber CHARACTER GENERICUS. Stirps lapidea, rigida. | Flores Hydre e poris lateralibus. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. ISIS fürpe corallina equali continua, {triis obfo- letis obliquis, ramis vagis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1288. CORALLIUM RUBRUM. Baub. pin. 366. GORGONIA PRETIOSA. Elf. Zooph. p. 9o. lüs nobilis, feu Corallum vulgare rubrum, e fub- ftantiis illis marinis eft que, communi fere phyficorum recentium confenfu, ab animalibus hydras feu polypos quodammodo referentibus effing: creduntur. Degunt hzc animalia in cavitatibus iftis quz in cortice corallu molli et fubereo freauenter confpiciuntur ; , eorumque veftigia paulatim diftantia punctifque fimilia in fuper- ficie etiam duriffima imprimuntur, omnibus corallu ipfius ramufculis ftriis longitudinalibus ab ipfa bafi ex- trinfecus notatis. Fatendum fane eft non mediocri fide opus effe ut omnia Lithophyta ab animalibus incolenti- bus bus revera et omnino formari perfuafum habeamus. Cum vero noftrum non fit notifümas Domini Elhfii ob- fervationes in dubium vocare, gaudeant volumus lec- tores fuis fententiis, ftatuantque ipfi an inter animalia an vegetabilia fubftantias hafce fatius fit numerare: ad utraque enim miro modo videntur pertinere. Notan- dum eft fpecimina corallii rubri, quo formofiora vide- antur, cortice exteriore, ut plurimum, denudari. De- pingitur igitur ramulus cortice obductus juxta ipfam naturam. fig. 2. UE Do G2 RED CORAL, PERE PPP PEGS GENERIC CHARACTER. The Coral having the habit or appearance of a plant. : . The Stem, or internal part, differing in the diffe- rent {pecies, and generally either of a horny or a {tony appearance. The cortical part ioft, and inhabited by animals refembling polypes. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, ec. BRIGHT-RED STONY-BRANCHED CO- RAL, with longitudinal ftrize. COMMON RED CORAL. The Ifis nobilis, or common red Coral, is one of thofe numerous fubmarine productions which, by the almoft general confent of modern naturalifts, are re- garded as the fabrication of animals refembling polypes, which refide in the cavities fo conftantly feen in the foft or cortical part of the coral; and the impreffions or veftiges of which’ are vifible even on the furface of the hard part or the coral itfelf; being generally feated at diftant in- tervals, and appearing like {mall impreffed fpots, while the the wholecoral, throughout all its ramifications, is marked externally by longitudinal ftrie proceeding from the very bafe itfelf. It muft be candidly confeffed that a good fhare of philofophical faith is neceffary to reconcile us to the idea of all the coral tribe being entirely the work of animals: yet as we cannot prefume to contro- vert the well-known obfervations of Mr. Ellis, we (hall leave our readers to their own opinions, and at perfe& liberty to regard thefe curious fubftances either as be- longing to the animal or vegetable kingdoni, to both of which they feem to be ftrangely allied. It is necef- fary to obferve that the fpecimens of red coral as gene- rally feen, have, in order to increafe the beauty of their appearance, been deprived of their cortical or exterior coat. A branch in its natural ftate, or with its exterior coat, is reprefented at jig. 2. in the annexed: plate. LACERTA VARIA, C endetetotitetatepetelojeteteletetelotetetetetetele e CHARACTER GENERICUS: Corpus tetrapodum, caudatum, nudum. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, LACERTA cauda longa carinata, corpore macu- lis tranfverfis variis. Tam prope accedit hzc lacerta ad illius fimilitudinem quam Linnzus nomine Monitoris defcripfit, ut dubium forfan fit an fpecies vere fit diftincta, feu illius tantum varietas. Corpus uncias circiter quindecim longum eft, caudaque multolongior. Color niger eft, notis, ftriifque flavis, imparibus, per corpus tranfverfe difcurrentibus. Super crura funt feries tranfverfe macularum rotunda- rum, caudaque fafciis latis nigris flavifque alternatim interftinguitur. In nonnullis fpeciminibus color flavus pallidior multo eft quam in aliis, et fere albefcens. Plurima hujus lacerte fpecimina noviffimis a Nova Hol- landia navigiis in Angliam illata funt. n LOT T LJ » TW E 30th SR A WR mM NY ius s deena ta 4541 40. obl Seal s cidinh it ans ^ ay e po dde E wee We AN cae Ke aw Xt p rere S ve mee RE GOT AS — eee ee se Ss a T m SET EN xw Ron b Bi wee TE a ue ong ses eg THE VARIEGATED LIZARD. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body four-footed, tailed, naked, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. LIZARD with long carinated tail, the body tranf- verfely variegated. "This Lizard approaches fo extremely near to the Lacerta Monitor of Linneus, or Monitory Lizard, as to make it doubtful whether it be not in reality a variety of that fpecies, The body is about fifteen inches in length, and the tail is confiderably longer. The animal is of a black colour, variegated with yellow marks and fireaks of different fhapes, and running in a tranfverfe direction, On the legs are rows of tranfverfe round fpots; and on the tail broad alternate bars of black and yellow.. In fome fpecimens the yellow is much paler than in others, and nearly white. Several fpecimens of this fpecies were brought from New Holland during the late voyage from Botany Bay. S, qo | d 5. A te ant vec 1 sible adi FU A ^ 4 we " +e i NW TAA ic pation NS I: TETRAO PORPHYRIO. QOH PEPER EE PPE EEE to CHARACTER GENERICUS. Macula prope oculos nuda, papillofa. Lin. Syff. Nat. p. 273. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc, TETRAO VIOLACEO-NIGRICANS, viridi fuffufus, alis fufco-ferrugineis, crifta com- preffo-ere&a ferrugineo-rubente, LE ROULOUL DE MALACCA, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. 2. p. 174. pl. 100. Genus Tetrao numerofum varias fpecies complectitur que nominibus perdicum, urogalloram, coturnicum, &c. communiter vocantur ; pertinetque ad divifionem gallinaceam, que fcilicet continet omnes illas aves que forma vivendique modo ad gallum gallinaceum plus minus accedunt. Tetraonum plures exotici funt; max- ima pars extra Europam nutritur. Species de qua jam loquimur, ut fileamus inufitatum colorem, generis fui eft rarifüna. Notandum praterea eft characteres illi effe incertos; ut ad genus Columba non minus quam T'etraonis pertinere videatur; prafertim fi fpecimen ex- ficcatum infpicias. Figura hec noftra ab ipfa ave viva fideliter depicta eft, — Palpebris peculiare quoddam eft ; F margo margo nempe crenis parvulis ruberrimis et exftantibus ornatus. Crifta quoque molliffima et quafiferica. Pe- ninfulam Malaccam, variafque Indie Orientalis infulas inhabitat Tetrao Porphyrio. Obfervandum eft in ali- quibus fpeciminibus, (maribus fortaffe,) exítare in baft frontis fetas aliquot nigras, quz in hoc fpecimine defu- ere. Notandum quoque eft hanc avem, quamvis in genere adeo diverfo, in multis fimilem effe Cuculo Per- fe Linnzi. oe Ll TE ee A 4 «d 4 THE VIOLACEOUS PARTRIDGE. apdetteototetetdetetototeteteetetetetetedetepet o GENERIC CHARACTER. ; Eyes (generally) bounded, either above or ori one fide, by a granulated red fkin; Bill convex, fhort, and ftrong. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, C. VIOLACEOUS - BLACKISH PARTRIDGE with a caft of green, ferruginous- brown wings; and comprefled, upright, ferrugi- nous-red creft. LESSER-CROWNED PIGEON. Lath. Syn. vol. 2. p. 622. The numerous genus Tetrao, comprehending all the fpecies of Grous, Partridge, Heathcock, &c. belongs to the order called Galling, or fuch as in their general characters and appearance make fome approach to the common Cock, or Phafianus Gallus of Linneus. By far the major part of the Tetraones are exotic birds; and indeed moft of them are extra-European birds. The prefent fpecies, exclufive of its unufual colour and peculiar elegance, is likewife remarkable for being one of the rareft of the genus: it is alfo to be obferved, Fa that - that from a kind of ambiguity in its appearance, it may. feem to bear almoft as much affinity to the genus Co- lumba as to that of Tetrao; and indeed in a dried fpe- cimen it is not eafy to decide with abfolute precifion to which genus it fhould with the greateft propriety be referred. The prefent figure was taken from the living bird, and exhibits with great fidelity its feveral charac- ters. The eyelids are fingularly formed; being regu- larly furrounded by a feries of rifing crenatures of the moft vivid fcarlet. The creft alfo, which is of a ftruc- ture peculiarly delicate, adds greatly to the beauty of ihe bird. It is a native of Malacca, and fome of the Eaft-Indian iflands. It fhould be obferved that in fome fpecimens, (perhaps males,) a certain number of long; black, rifing briflles appear, feated at the bafe of the front: thefe in the prefent fpecimen were wanting. It may be added, that notwithftanding the difference of its genus, this bird bears a ftriking affinity with the Cu- culus Perfa of Linnzus. : -PHALANGIUM CANCROIDES. «»»totototetoteteteteteteteteteteteleteteletetetete CHARACTER GENERICUS. Pedes octo. Oculi verticis duo contigui, duo laterales. Frons antennis pediformibus. Abdomen xotundatum. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1028. (^. CHARACTER SPECIFIC us, €9c. PHALANGIUM abdomine obovato depreffo, che- lis laevibus: digitis pilofis. 5 ee Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1028. CHELIFER abdomine lineis tranfverfis. Geoffr. Paris. 2. p. 618. SCORPIO MINIMUS. Roefel. 3. Supl. t. 64 Animalculum hoc, phyficis diu cognitum, diverfis temporibus ad divería genera retulerunt entomologi. Laboriofus celeberrimufque Swammerdamus quafi fcor- pionis fpeciem defcripfit, Idem fecit Roefelius. Quan- quam in editione duodecima Syftematis Nature Lin- nzus in genere Phalangii pofuerit, in Fauna tamen Su- ecica ab eodem auctore conícripta, inter acaros nume- ratur. Nigsnielus Degeer genus illi diftinctum nomine Chehferi Cheliferi infütuit. Fabricius denique in Syftertiate Ei: tomologico iterum ad genus $c0r9;; amandavit, cui for: taffe conjunctius eft quam ulli alu. Magnitudine mul- tum variat hoc infe&um : quz enim in Anglia inveni- untur fpecimina, multo minora funt quam in Sebe; Swammerdami, et Roefelii operibus depicta. Figura microfcopica in hac noftra tabula accuratiffime delineatur. Altera quz disjungitur, caput et thoracem amplitudine admodum aucta oftendunt, ut partes pectinate appa- reant; que quamvis fitu diverfe, formam tamen fere eandem habent ac in fcorpiis, Figura 1. magnitudinem naturalem infe&i, ut in Anglia confpicitur, monftrat. Accufat hoc infe&um Linnzus, fed (ut mihi videtur,) injuria, cutim interdum penetrandi, papulamque mag: nitudine pifi, fummo cum dolore excitandi. Circa pa- rietes antiquos, ut plurimum invenitur, et interdum inter papyram, &c. confpicitur. Inter infecta quoque rariora non immerito numeratur. | | iu] | - | N " M ‘ 1 H^ m E ^ i | H "TEN. | E. | | z 2 did : RPS ae Bf? No Fre à aS py EP PE: Nove Vaga" by if BA aller Bf News BA ae, ez. | à THE CANCROID PHALANGIUM, GENERIC CHARACTER. Eight Legy. ‘Two vertical and two lateral Eyes. Antenne refembling legs. Abdomen rounded. , SPECIFIC CHARACTER. PHALANGIUM with obovate depreffed abdo«-^^ ; men, and fmooth chele, flightly hairy at the tips. This little infect, which has long been known to na- turalifts, has been occafionally referred to very different genera. The celebrated and laborious Swammerdam has defcribed it as a fpecies of Scorpion. In the works of Roefel it is alfo regarded as a Scorpion. In the twelfth edition of the Syftema Nature of Linnzus it is ranked under the genus Phalangium; while in the Fauna Suecica of the fame author it is made an Acarus. The ingenious Degeer inftitutes for it a feparate genus under the name of Chelifer. Laftly Fabricius in his Syftema Entomologie has remanded it to the genus Scorpio, to which perhaps it is more nearly allied than to any other. This soni feems to vary confiderably in fize; thofe which which are found in our own country being much fmaller than the reprefentations given by Swammerdam, Roefel, and Seba. The microfcopical figure in the annexed plate is executed with the greateft accuracy. "T'he fepa- rate figure reprefents the head and thorax very much magnified, in order to fhew the pe&inated parts, which though differing in fituation, are nearly of the fame form as in fcorpions. Fig. 1. fhews the natural fize of the Englith fpecimens. Linnzus accufes it (I believe moft unjuftly,) of fometimes getting under the .fkin, and raifing a painful tumour. It is generally found on old walls, and fometimes amongft papers, &c., and is not a very common infect, AMPHISBANA ROSEA. : | Var. A. Alle. Cotetetetotototetogetetotetdetototoototetetejede CHARACTER GENERICUS, Annuli trunci caudzeque. ' | Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 392. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. AMPHISBZENA annulis trunci circiter. 223; caudz 16. Generis Amphifbenez perpauce que nofcuntur fpe- cles a plerifque ferpentibus tantum differunt, ut eas primo vifu vermes potius quam angues putemus : fqua- mis enim penitus carent, quarum in loco corpus cin- gunt annuli feu fpatia circularia aque diftantia, que {triis innumeris in longitudinem du&is decuffantur. Caput in areas paucas dividitur, fquarnis majoribus in pleroque colubrino genere non abfimiles; caudaque non fenfim attenuata, fed vix a proportione ceteri cor- poris recedens, apiceque valde obtufo feu rotundato. Orta eft ab hac forma vulgaris opinio, Amphifbene duo effe capita, unum fcilicet in utraque extremitate : cum enim oculi adeo minuti fint ut primo vifu non dif- tinguantur, eo fit ut inter caput et oppofitum extremum ambiguum fit difcrimen. Hujus generis fpecies max- ima eft Amphifbena alba; ob colorem pallidulum, gil- G vum vum feilicet, feu fere album, fic nominatà, Colore tamen eft interdum pulcherrime rofeo, qualis in tabula depingitur. Non raro pedali eft longitudine. | Ameri- cam incolit et plane innocuus eft ferpens. | " — PA yo Pep T fep bL ape psd, V TPN EL = M “© tameo amma I SS NS ut SS ( « Y \\ TJ jo TS ANN SS ES SEF I — AES CCS CEN SEES =e ES P Ü | i. " PELO mr recy (i a) K d: 24 I ) a 9? THE ROSE-COLOURED AMPHISB/ENA. Dolegotedopetetotetopototototetetetetotefeteteteteco GENERIC CHARACTER. 'Ihe whole anm marked by annuh or circular fegments, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AMPHISB/ENA with the annuli of the body amounting to about 223; of the tail 16. The animals of the genus Amphifbzna, which con- - tains but very few fpecies, differ fo much from the ma- jor part of the ferpent tribe, as to be almoft liable, on a curfory view, to be miftaken for worms rather than {nakes; being totally deftitute of fcales; initead of which the whole animal is marked with equidiftant an- nuli, or circular fpaces furrounding the body, and de- cuffated by an infinite number of longitudinal divifions or ftria. The head is marked with a few large divifions or fpaces analogous to the large fcales in the major part of the genus Coluber; and the tail, inftead of tapering gradually, is fcarce diftinguifhable from the proportion of the reft of the body ; and is extremely obtufe or rounded. This péculiarity of fhape in the genus Am- phifbena, gave rife to the erroneous idea of the Am- phifbena being furnifhed with a head at each extre- mity : mity: for as the eyes are very final!, and at firft view inconfpicuous, the head bears no ftriking mark of dif- tinction from the oppofite extremity. The largeft fpe- cies of this genus, is the Amphifbzna alba; fo called from its colour; which is a very pale cream-colour, or nearly white : it fometimes however occurs of a beautiful rofe-colour, in which ftate it is reprefented on the an- nexed plate. The Amphifbena alba is frequently feen of at leaft a foot in length. It is a native of America, and is perfectly harmlefs. XIPHIAS PLATYPTERUS. LEE DEA MEPPPHMPA HEP PMEHHO “CHARA C TER GENERIC US. Caput tnaxilla fupetiore terminatum roftro atthe formi. Corpus alepidotum. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Ge. | XIPHIAS pinna dorfi latiffima, appendicibus pecs toralibus acuminatis longiffimis, GUEBUCU. Maregr. brass ls 4. 6 15. p. 171. Monftrum fortaffe nullum hoc infignius generat o¢ea- nus vel Indicus vel Pacificus. Si roftrum fpe&ernus pe- racutum et velut enfiforme, Xiphie communi phyficis optime cognito afine putemüs: cum tamen ab illo variis notis difcrepet, fpeciem omnino diverfam habe- amus neceffe eft. Longitudo illi eft viginti pedum j interdum multo major. Pifcem hunc primus defcripfit Marcgravius in hiftoria fua Brafilienfi, qui etiam figuram addidit, certe non elegantem, que tamen ip- - fam animal fatis accurate exprimit. Color generalis eft fub-czruleo-argenteus, dorfo fuperiori, capite, caudas que exceptis, quz infigniter fufca funt. Pinna dorfi magna fufco-pallefcit, maculis rotutidatis plurimis nis Id Serrimis gerrimis notata, Specimen ipfiffüimum, quo ferfan nul- lum pulchrius et perfectius, unde figura hzc noftra delineata eft, in Mufeo Britannico affervatur, cui dono dedit illuftris ille phyficus JosspHus Banxs, Baronet- tus; ad quem tribus circiter abhinc annis, venerunt litere a Prafecto navis Indice, robur fere incredibile pifcis defcribentes, afferenteíque illum. deníam et foli- dam navis carinam roftro penitus transfixifle. Mortem ipfi Xiphiz conícivit ictus violentia. Faufte admodum evenit non potuiffe pifcem roftrum reducere; quod fi feciffet, perdita effet navis immiffa aqua. Roftrum ip- fum ligno infixum in Mufeo Britannico confpici poteft, Non folum maria Indica et Auftralia, fed etiam Septen- trionalia incolit Xiphias Platypterus. Fertur eum ba- lenis effe inimicifimum, cumque iis fepius acerrime pugnare. Notatu dignum eft loqui Plinium de navibus Xiphia perfoffis; quod tamen inter fabulas veterum phyficorum femper habitum eft. Cum vero ita fe rem revera habere intra pancos annos variis exemplis certif- fme compertum fit, probabile eft Plinium, infcium licet, de hac ipfa fpecie locutum effe, que tunc teme poris a Xiphia communi minus accurate diftin&a eft. P d 7 ' Lee FUP Tnm me IN? apt PRAE IN fi! m a YE TH i | BROAD-FINNED SWORD-FISH, »dotetototetototototetetlegotetdetoteteta e GENERIC CHARACTER. Head fornifhed with a fword-fhaped fnout of upper Jaw, Body witliout apparent Ícales, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. SWORD-FISH with extremely broad back-fin, and very long Íharp-pointed thoracic appendages. Amongfít the monfters of the deep which inhabit the Indian and Pacific oceans, the fifh here repre- fented is one of the. moft remarkable. From the ap- pearance of the long and fharp-pointed procefs of the head, it appears, on a curfory view, very nearly allied to the Sword-fith, already fo well known to naturalitts. It differs, however, in feveral particulars, from. the common or European Sword-fih, and can by no means.be regarded as the fame fpeciese This extraordinary fifh is found of the length of twenty feet, or fometimes much, longer. It was firft de- . Ícribed by Maregrave, in his Hiftory of Brafil, who has illuftrated his defcription by a figure, which, though not poílefüng any degree of elegance, is yet fufficient | liz | te to afcertain the animal. The general colour of this fifh is a filvery blueifh white, except on the upper part of the back, the head, and the tail, which are of a deep brown. The back-fin is of a pale brown, finely {potted with roundifh marks of deep black. 'Thé fkin is fmooth, and without any appearance of fcales. "The fpecimen from which the prefent figure was taken, is an uncom- monly fine one: perhaps the moft complete and perfect éver feen in Europe. It is now in the Britifh Mufeum, to which collection it was prefented by Sir JoszpH Banxs, Bart. Prefident of the Royal Society. About three years ago a letter was fent to the Prefident, from the captain of an Eaft-Indiaman, accompanied by an account of an aftonifhing inftance of the powerful ftrength which this fifh occafionally exerts: the bottom of the faid fhip having been pierced through by a fifh of this fpecies, in füch a manner that the fword or Ínout was completely imbedded or driven through, its whole length, and the fifh killed by the violence of the effort. A moft fingularly fortunate circumftance for the prefervation of the veffel! which, had the fifh been en- abled to have withdrawn its fnout, muft inevitably have foundered in confequence of the leak. The wood, together with the fword imbedded in it, is now in the Briüfh Mufeum. This fifh is found not only in the Brafilian and Eaft-Indian feas, but alfo in the N orthern ocean; It is faid to be a great enemy to whales, with which it is reported to have frequent combats! It is remarkable that Pliny mentions the circumftance of the Sword-fifh being able to transfix veffels; which has generally been regarded as one of thofe exaggerations {a fo frequent in the works of the ancient naturalifts; but as the prefent fifh 1s well known to poffefs this power, - (feveral other equally-well authenticated accounts hav- ing been:received within thefe few years,) it is furely no improbable fuppofition, that Pliny, though not con- {cious of the difference, in reality fpoke of this very fpecies, which at that time was doubtlefs confounded with the common Sword-fifh. LACERTA UNISTRIATA. d4epepletietetetetelettetdoteteteteteaeteeb on _ CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus tetrapodum, caudatum, nudum. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. LACERTA FUSCA, fubtus pallidior, linea dor: fuali albida, fuper caput furcata, digitis un- guiculatis, fubtus, lamellatis. LACERTA VITTATA ? | Gmel. Syl. Nat. 1. p. 1067. Rariffima eft hec lacerta, nec certum eft annon adhuc unquam defcripta fit. Inter fpecies Linnzanas fruftra requiritur, nec non in numerofo horum animalium agmine que fuppeditat Thefaurus Sebe. Quantum colligere poffum a fpeciminibus que egomet infpexi, longa eft, ut plurimum, fex uncias, interdum ad no- vem pertingens. Color eft languide fufco-flavefcens, ochre fimilis, fubtus pallidior. Cauda gilva notis lon- gitudinalibus fufcis variatur. Per dorfi longitudinem late difcurrit linea infignis albo-gilva, quae ab utroque latere capitis furca inflar, divaricat ; extremitatibus oculis tenus protenfis: Cutis tuberculis, praefertim ver- * fus caudam, levitur exafperatur, que minutiffima cum ^ fint, non nifi attento oculo confpici queant. Simillima eft ( . eft illi hec fpecies quam Linnzus nomine Gecko dif- tinxit. In figura noftra exhibetur animal magnitudine ipfius fpeciminis; fed in figura r. augetur paululum pars inferior pedis, ut traniverfe lamelle clarius difs tin&iufque infpiciantur, oe a 1 H $9 Sd ac i SR av x P es i Y te Ww MN ny WA See ee | ab WR wh NM - Ek ay “WX WA TES — p NN NM Na a EN \ Sy Wwe Wass AN EN Rem NN y Sox MSS LAs ee = hg SSNS VN d TS ». THE SINGLE-STRIPED LIZARD. olejotedettettettletteteeteteteteyjteieeo GENERIC CHARACTER. ne) four-footed, tailed, naked, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. BROWN LIZARD, paler beneath, with a white dorfal line forked over the head, and un- guiculated feet, lamellated beneath, This fpecies of Lacerta is extremely rare, and it may be doubted whether it has yet been defcribed. It cer- tainly is not a Linnean fpecies, nor does it occur in sthe numerous collection of Seba, The fize of the fpe- cimens which I have examined is rather fmall, viz. from about fix to nine inches in length. The colour is a foft yellowifh brown, paler beneath; the tail is cream- coloured, varied with longitudinal marks of brown, and on the back of the animal is a very remarkable white, or rather cream-coloured broad line, which di- vides on each fide the top of the head in the manner of a fork, the extremities of each divifion juft reaching to the eyes. The fkin of this Lizard, when clofely ex- amined, is flightly exafperated, efpecially towards the tail, with minute tubercles, but they are fo extremely {mall that they are not perceptible without a clofe ex- amination. ‘The feet are tran{verfely lamellated beneath. The The fpecies to which this animal feems to bear the ereateft affinity is the Lacerta Gecko of Linneus. The figure here given reprefents it of its fratural fize; and at fig. 1. is reprefented the under part. of one of the feet, rather larger than nature, in order to thew with greater ais the tranfverfe lamellz qum which it jsfarnifhed. ^. — — E PSITTACUS CONCINNUS, dplpdobidtddeltetdotelbletddetaeo ' CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roffrum aduncum :. mandibula fuperiore mobili, cera inftructa. Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, integra. Pedes {canforii, | | | Lin, Syft. Nat. p. 139, CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. PSITTACUS fubmacrourus viridis, fronte macu- laque poftoculari coccineis, vertice carule- {cente. Valde affinis P. pacifico, Lath. Syn. 1. p. 252. Nove Hollandiz eft incola perpulchra hec Pfittact fpecies, et inter alias plurimas aves phyficis Europzis nuperrime innotuit. Magnitudo eft quafi parvi Ture turis, ^w lE M deos - 7 4 ph > SN 2 " raa Me Droit ty Go dean 4 Ais Go JE erede ay ais THE CRIMSON-FRONTED PARRAKEET DEI EEE PEEP EEO is GENERIC CHARACTER, Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Nofirilsround, placed in the bafe of the bill, Tongue fiefhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs fhort. ‘Toes formed for climbing, viz. two backward and two forward. lLiumeus and Pennant. BPECIFIC CHARACTER. GREEN PARRAKEET with lengthened tail, front and fpot behind the eye crimfon, and bIneifh. crown. N. B. This fpecies is extremely nearly allied to the Pacific Parrot of Latham. vol. 1. p. 252. The beautiful Parrakeet figured on this plate is a native of New Holland, and is one of the numerous new fpecies of birds very lately made known to the naturalifts of Europe. Its fize is that of a {mall turtle. ne qj MT ga i i e me T3 A "eie rd E PLATALEA AJAJA. pe CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum planiufculum : apice dilatato, orbiculató, . plano. Pedes tetradadtyli, fernipalmati. Lin. Sy/t. Nat. p. 231; CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. PLATALEA corpore fanguineo. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 231. PLATALEA rofea. Briff. Av. 5. p. 356. t. 30. PLATALEA brafilienfis AJAJA dita. Marcer. bras. 204. Platalez leucorodie Linnei, feu communi, corporis forma fimillima eft eximia hec avis; coloribus autem. longe difcrepat: univerfa enim, exceptis roftro pedi- bufque, pulcherrime rofea eft, alarum parte fuperiori dorfoque phoeniceis. Fertur autem setate grandior ple- neque et perfecte plumata, tota effe penitus lete phoe- nicea, vel etiam coccinea; collumque inferius torque feu cingulo nigro ornari. Roftrum fufco-pallet. Crura fere nigricant, Vivit eodem modo quo Platalea com- ] ! munis, munis, feu leucorodia, littora nempe locaque aquoía quaerens, animaliaque minora, ranas fcilicet, vermes, et alia ejufmodi depafcens. Americam incolit Auftrá- lem. | X0 LM SS "yy mesa CST 2Z2 29 TY E ; Se ffs ever 9M mr oes ay, ] LEM i x "T Minis, Mey n Sem E (os cM Tu quem at eret ul t fe us "t Et NS FOL Hp Qo Mr Shree ete P THÉ ROSE-COLOURED SPOON-BILL. itotteteteddptetetetettetetotedoletetpeti GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill flattifh, with dilated, orbicular, flat tip. Feet 4-toed, femi-palmated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, C. SPOONBILL with crimfon plumage. SPATULE couleur de rofe; | Buff. Al. enl. ti. 165. ROSEATE SPOONBILL. Lath. Syn. 3. p. 16. This elégant bird, which is a native of South Ame- rica, in its general fhape bears a near refemblance to the Platalea leucorodia of Linneus, or common Spoon- bill, but differs widely in color; the whole bird, except the beak and lees, being generally of a fine full rofe- colour, which on the upper part of the wings and the back, deepens almoft into crimfon. It is faid however, that the bird, when advanced in age, and in full per- fe&ion of plumage, is entirely of a vivid crimfon, or even fcarlet, with the addition of a black circle or col- -. ar round the lower part of the neck. The bill is of a La pale pale brown: the legs blackifh." In its manner of life ié refembles the European or common Spoonbill; fre- quenting the fhores and watery. places, and feeding on the fmaller aquatic animals, as frogs, worms, &c. ' MONOCULUS POLYPHEMUS. | SPH Herik CHARACTER GENERICUS. Pedes natatorii. Corpus crufta tectum. Ocul; pde approximati, TETUR innati. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, 8. MON OCULUS tefta antica convexa lunata, cauda triquetro-fubulata. MON OCULUS tefta convexa futura lunata: pof- tica dentata, cauda fubulata longiffima. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1057. Cluf. exot. 1. 6. c. 14. p. 128. Bont. jav. l. 5. c. 31. Monoculum dicitur hoc genus, quod oculi, ut plu- rimum, fibi invicem adeo appropinquant, ut primo in- tuitu unicus effe oculus videantur. Aliquarum tamen Ípecierum oculi, et praefertim ejus de qua jam agitur, - funt alter ab altero valde remoti. Animal quod repre- fentat tabula, omnium proculdubio eft maximum, quot- quot inter infecta numerare hodiernis vifum eft phyficis: eft enim illi corpus, extra caudam, interdum bipedale in longitudinem. | Linnzus dicit ** infe&torum omnium facile Mw LU facile maximum.” — Oceanum Indicum incolit, et, (ut fertur) bina plerumque fimul confpiciuntur, fcilicet mas et femina prope natantes. Plereque hujus generis fpecies parvula funt infe&a in aquis dulcibus viventia, quorum multa adeo funt minuta, ut inter animalcula microfcopica numerentur. Qui intimas et minus cog- nitas Nature partes fcrutari folent, et innumera animal. culorum agmina quibus aque fcatent, attentius exámi- nare, i fane fumma cum voluptate confpiciant neceffe eft varias hujus generis fpecies, quz fine ope microfco- pi vix vidende, chara&eribus tamen genericis plane demonttrant certiffimum effe illis cum ingenti et gigan- tea fpecie de qua jam loquimur, cognationis vinculum. Hec animalcula menfibus eftivis in omnibus fere aquis ftagnantibus facillime reperiuntur; eorum etiam non- nulla a fcriptoribus microfcopicis, Bakero precipue, non fane eleganter, fatis tamen accurate delineantur, et exempla funt mire quoad magnitudinem differentia quam in ejufdem generis animalibus non poffumus non obfervare. Huic defcriptioni Monoculi Polyphemi non abs re fit addere, quod tunica oculi externa, que in aliis in- fe&is e convexitatibus innumeris bafi hexagona inclufis conftat, in hoc, atteftante Domino André (Phil. Tranf, t. 72.) e corpufculis plurimis conicis fit conflata. Poffit etiam obfervari quod oculi multarum parvularum Mo- noculi fpecierum, ab oculis aliorum infe&orum ftra&ura et afpectu differunt, et velut e pluribus ocellis feu glo- bulis tunica communi contentis, componi videntur, Notandum praterea eft genus Monoculi generi Cancri (quod aftacos omnes et cancros includit) valde effe affine. | us | EA » a. 4 Fondo, Lablished gin tg Maggs by FR Nodder Le Nes. t wir Sire, ——— 2 THE INDIAN MONOCULUS. P P Rd GENERIC CHARACTER. Feet formed for fwimming. Body covered by a cruftaceous fhell. Eyes (in moft fpecies) approximated, fixed in the fhell. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. MONOCULUS with the anterior part of the fhell lunated, and long, triangular, fharp- pointed tail. The INDIAN MONOCULUS, MOLUCCA CRAB, or KING-CRAB. 'The name Monoculus was beftowed on this genus of infe&s from the circumftance of the eyes being gene- rally feated fo near each other, as, upon a curfory view, to appear as if fingle. In fome fpecies however, (as'in the prefent,) it happens that they are really very remote from each other. Of all the animals which modern naturalifts have agreed. to diftinguifh by the appellation of Infe&s, the creature figured on this plate is by far the largeft yet known; fpecimens being fometimes feen of two feet in length, exclufive of the tail. Linnzus calls calls it ** infe&orum omnium. facile maximum.” It ig a native of the Indian ocean, and is faid to be gene- rally found in pgirs, or male and female fwimming to- gether. - Moft of the fpecies of Monoculus are {mall frefh-water infects, and fome of them even belong to the tribe of microfcopic animalcules. "To thofe who are accuftomed to penetrate into the lefs confpicuous provinces of Nature, and to inveftigate the legions of animated beings with which the waters in particular are peopled, it mutt afford a pleafing entertainment to view feveral fpecies of this genus, which though fcarce per- ceptible without the affiftance of the microfcope, yet with refpe& to their generic characters, bear the moft ftriking refemblance to the gigantic fpecies juft deferi+ hed. "Thefe minute Monoculi are very common ani- malcules, and may be found i in the fummer menths in almoft all flagnant waters. Same of them are figured, (though not very elegantly, yet with ‘fafficient exa&- nefs,) in Baker's works on the microfcope, and may ferve as curious examples of the wonderful difparity of fize which fom netimes takes place in animals of the fame genus. à 1994, dA. ee es To what has been faid of. the Monoculus Polyphe- mus, I fhould not omit to’ add, that the eyes in this animal, according ta the obfervations of Mr. André, (Phil. Tranf. vol. 72.) con&(t of a great number of. very fmall cones, in which refpect they differ from thofe of moft other infe&s, in which the outward coat of the eye is compofed of innumerable flight convexities, each bounded by an hexagonal outline. It may be proper, to add, that the eyes of moft of the fmaller fpecies of | Monoculi "Monoculi differ in their ftra&ure and appearance from thofe of the generality of infects, and feem compofed of a number of finaller eyes or globular parts united by the fame external tunic. It may alfo be obferved that the genus Monoculus is very nearly allied to that of Cancer, which contains the Crab and Liobfter tribe. PAPILIO ULYSSES, i i ee ee i ie ei ee od CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne apicem verfus craffiores, fapius clavato capitatze. Ale (fedentis) erect furfumque conniventes, (volatu diurno.) | CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. PAPILIO alis caudatis nigris, difco caeruleo radi- ante; pofticis fubtus ocellis feptem. | Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 748. Fabr. fpec. inf. 2. p. 18. Eq. Achiv. — [Or qs ts 2S. Cram. pap. 1 1. t. 1281. Infolite pulchritudinis eft Ulyffes. Ale funt niger- rimz et quaii holofericee ; area autem feu pars media plaga magna ameniffime caerulea impletur, cum ad -oras pertigerit radiata. Exemplo eft hoc infe&um pa- pilionum caudatorum, in quibus fcilicet alz poftice in proceffus feu quafi caudas excurrunt. Afize eft incola Ulyffes. In quibufdam fpeciminibus color alarum fuf- cus eft potius quam niger. Superficies inferior nigra eft, prope apices rufo tin&a; alarumque pofticarum ore ferie macularum ocellatarum caruleo-rufefcentium, albo nigroque fimbriatarum, decorantur. vana omn sis y serpeyy gio A gef rpg ttg We ULYSSES, i OR . THE RADIATED BUTTERFLY. | y, SEEPS GENERIC CHARACTER. - Antenne or Horns thickening towards their ex: tremity, and generally terminating in a knob; or club-fhaped tip. | Wings (when fitting) erect, and meeting upwards. (Flight diurnal.) SPECIFIC CHARACTER. BUTTERFLY with tailed black wings, the mid- dle-part blue and radiated, with 4 ocellated {pots on the under furface of the lower wings, This is an infe&t of uncommon beauty. The wings are of the deepeft velvet black, while the area or mid- dle part of each is poffeffed by a very large bed of the moft exalted blue that can poffibly be conceived, and which terminates in a radiated manner round the edges. This infe& alfo affords an example of the caudated pa- pilios, in which the lower wings are furnifhed with a pair of appendages refembling tails. It is an Afiatic infect. The ground-colour in fome fpecimens is rather brown than black. The under furface is black, tinged with. with rufous near the tips, and the edges of the lower pair are ornamented by a feries of large ocellated fpots; of a reddifh colour tinged with uds. and edged with black and white: M aer PSITTACUS EXIMIUS DEEPER MOP EP EEE PEE EE PEE c CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rofirum aduncum: mandibula fuperiore mobili, cera inftructa. ares in roftri bafi. | uw Lingua carnofa, obtufa, integra. Pedes {canforii. we Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 139. CHARACTER. SPECIFICUS. PSITTACUS macrourus varius, capite gula pec- tore criffoque coccineis, dorfo-nigro flavo- viridi undulato, alis caudaque czeruleis. Roftrum pallidum. | Pedes nigricantes. Reétrices duce intermedia virides. A Nova Hollandia nuperrime illata eft hec avis, et jam primo depingitur. De fplendido ejus ornatu fpeci- atim differere fupervacaneum foret, cum figura varios colores exquifite oftendit. Magnitudine et forma gene- rali pfittaco fuperbo fen Pennantii fimillima eft. > mu ‘heady + gp SET IE eh i FRNedder ff 0Nis Brewer oreet London, Lublisteedk Dur 92, LZ 2a THE NONPAREIL PARROT. pxtotototetetetepetetegotetqetoietoketetotototote d GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Noffrils roundith, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flefhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs fhort. ‘Toes formed for climbing, viz. two forward and two backward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. LONG-TAILED VARIEGATED PARROT, with head throat breaft and vent crimfon, back black undulated with Jellowe gssone - blue wings and tail. The two middle tail-feathers are green — This bird is a fpecies hitherto undefcribed ; having been very lately brought from New Holland. To par- . ticularize the richnefs of its robe would be unneceffary; the figure accurately fhewing all its variegations of . colour. ‘In fize and general form it is {trongly allied to the Pennantian Parrot, Ka COLUBER NASICORNIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Scuta abdominalia. Squame fabcaudales. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 275. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. COLUBER fubolivaceo-ferrugineus, nigro irro- ratus, maculis dorfalibus pallidis nigro. cir- cumfcriptis, fafcia laterali undulata pallida. Abdomen pallide ochraceum fuliginofo-maculatum. Scuta abdom: 127. Squam: fubcaud: circiter 32. Inter fpecies hucufque ignotas numerandus eft Colu- ber naficornis. E numero eft dirorum iftorum ferpen- tum quorum morfus in calidioribus mundi partibus, mortem inferre folet celerem et luctuofam. Si totum fere genus ferpentinum horrefcunt plurimi homines in hujufmodi inveftigationibus minus verfati, quanto ma- jori metu putemus illos percuti, qui in vivum hunc colubrum inopinato inciderint; quem totum horrificum deformat vultus preter modum torvus et atrox. Cor- nua enim gerit duo magna et acuminata, (non, qualia Ceraftis,) fupra oculos; fed fuper nafum feu fummum maxilla maxille fuperioris fita.. Ere&a propemodum funt, pau- lum tamen retro fleCtuntur, extrinfecufque ab utroque latere. Non omnino cornea funt, fed quodammodo flexibilia, forma fere triangular five triquetra. Longa funt circiter dimidium uncie, et a bafi utraque exftat {quama dura ejufdem fere formae cum ipfis cornubus ; quo fit, ut duo quafi minora cornua exurgere videantur. Os illi, ut alis venenatis ferpentibus, telis tubulatis duobus utrinque munitur, quz, cum maxima fint, vul- nus fzeviffimum poffunt infligere. Florum minora funt poftica. Longus eft Coluber naficornis uncias circiter triginta quinque. Coloris eft fufco-flavefcentis, maculis parvulis nigricantibus creberrime irrorati. Per totam dorfi longitudinem, magmuis intervallis, decurrit feries macularum fufco-flavefcentium, majoribus nigris im- merfarum ; protenditurque per utraque latera a capite ad caudam fafcia angufta, ochracea, acute flexuofa, cujus pars inferior feu ventri proxima, nigrior multo eft quam reliquum corpus. Venter obfcure ochraceus eft, fcu cinereo-flavus, labeculis variis nigricantibus notatus; fparguntur infuper per totum corpus huc, illuc, ma- cule plurime diverfe magnitudinis. Cauda tenuis brevifque pro corpore. Squamz afpere dureque et infigniter carinate, Caput fquamis parvis tegitur, parf- que fuperior maculam habet permagnam fufcam, utrin- que in proceflus acuminatos excurrentem. . Latera ca- pitis plumbeo, feu cinereg colore cinguntur. Caput. ipfum latum et depreffum, genaque fufco et flavicante varia. eon Captum fuiffe putem hunc ferpentem cum jam ex- uvias depofiturus effet; fquame quippe exteriores a | fubja- fubjacentibus facile feparantur, que, hoc facto, luci- diores videntur; immo circa ventrem fere albefcunt, maculis nigrioribus notatz. Colubrum naficornem ac- cepit Dominus Epvarpvus Jzxxrws in oppido vulgo di&o Charles-Toton in Carolina Auftrali degens, a na- varcha e Guinea profe&o, illoque nuperrime Mufeum Britannicum ditavit. Notum efle eum creditur in in- teriori Africa. | y^ " «02 VER: AP em, P ; des A 2 e. wA Nm 2 «0 027160 7— SETS = STS Sa THE HORN-NOSED SNAKE. eee eee eee GENERIC CHARACTER. '"Tranfverfe Lamelle under the abdomen. Broad alternate Sca/es under the tail. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. OLIVE-BROWN SNAKE, freckled with black- ifh, with a row of pale dorfal fpots fur- rounded by black, and a flexuous pale faícia on the fides. The abdominal plates are 127. The fubcaudal [cales about 32. The belly is of a pale olive-colour with dufky [pots The fnake here reprefented muft be confidered as a {pecies hitherto unknown, and adds to the number of thofe malignant reptiles whofe bite, in the hotter regions of the globe, proves the dreadful forerunner of a fpeedy and painful death. If at firft glance of moft of the ferpent-tribe an involuntary fort of horror and alarm is fo often felt by thofe who are unufed to the examination of thefe animals, how much greater dread muft the unexpected view of the fpecies here exhibited be fup- pofed to infli&t ? when to the general form of the crea- ture ture is fuperadded the peculiar fiercenefs and forbid- ding torvity with which nature has marked its counte- nance; diftinguifhed by the very uncommon appear- ance of two large and fharp-pointed horns, fituated, (not as in the Ceraítes, above the eyes,) but on the top of the nofe, or anterior part of the upper Jaw. They ftand nearly upright, but incline flightly back- wards and and a little outwards on each fide, and are of a fubftance not abfolutely horny, but in fome degree flexible. Their fhape is fomewhat triangular or three- fided. They are about half an inch in length, and at the fore-part of the bafe of each ftands an upright ftrong fcale, of nearly the fame fhape with the horn it- felf, and thus giving the appearance of a much fmaller pair of horns. The mouth is furnifhed with extremely: large and long fangs or tubular teeth, fituated as in other poifonous ferpents, and capable of inflicting the moft.feveré wounds: two of thefe fangs appear on each fide of the mouth, of which the Binder pair are fmaller than the others. The. length of this animal is about thirty-five inches. Its colour is a yellowifh olive- brown, very thickly fprinkled all over with minute blackifh fpecks. Along the whole length of the back is placed, at confiderable diftances, a feties of yellowith- brown fpots or marks, each of which is imbedded in a patch of black; and on each fide the body, from head to tail, runs an acutely flexuous or zig-zag line or nar- © row band, of an ochre-colour. This band is bounded beneath by a much deeper or blacker fhade than on the reft of the body. The belly is of a dull ochre- colour or cinereous yellow, freckled with fpots and markings markings of blackifh. Befides thefe there is a number of black fpots of different fizes here and there difperfed over the whole fnake. "The tail is fomewhat thin and fhort in proportion to the body. The fcales of this fnake are harfh and ftiff, and are very ftrongly carinated. The head is covered. with fmall fcales, and is on its upper part marked by a very large longitudinal patch of brown, running out into pointed proceffes at the fides, and bounded by a fpace of dull lead-colour or cinereous. The fhape of the head is broad and flat- tened : the cheeks are varied with blackifh and yellow. It feems to have been taken at a period not far diftant from that of cafting its fkin; as the exterior fcales fepa- rate eafily from the fubjacent ones, which then appear of a clearer and lighter colour than before, and the yel- lowifh-variegations on the fides and belly approach to a whitifh colour, "with darkifh fpots and marks. This fnake is fuppofed to be a native of the interior parts of Africa, and was obtained from the mafter of a Guinea veffel by the Rev. Epwarp Jexx1Ns of Charles- Town, South Carolina, by whom it was lately prefented to the Britifh. Mufeum. MANTIS STRUMARIA. USER EERE EPP EEE PEO CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput nutans,- maxillofum, palpis inftru&tum. Antenne (plerique) fetaceze. fle quatuor, membranaceze, (plerifque) convo- lute; inferiores plicate. Pedes antici compreffi, fubtus ferrato-denticulati, armati ungue folitario et digito fetaceo late- rali articulato. Peftici quatuor, leves, gref- fori. Thorax Baars, clongatus, anguftatus. Lin. Sy/t. Nat. p. 689. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, e. MANTIS thorace utrinque membranaceo-dilatato obcordato. | Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 691. Roef. inf. 2. gryll. t. 3. | Mer. Sur. 27. t. 97. "-* »o* Cum anteaétis temporibus, fabulis et erroribus im- merfa jaceret veritas, non defuere qui hujufmodi infecta folia effe quafi animata firmiter credididerint. Notabilis admodum eft thorax potens et dilatatus, Alein- ’ feriores feriores pellucida funt, leviffimo tantum virore tinctz. Americam Auftralem incolit fingulare hoc animal- culum. Fig. 1, Pupa, feu infe&um adhuc imperfe&tum. Fig. 2, Imago, feu infectum declaratum. M Sondon, Bibbitied oy (pg ty FR Abd der Dr 76 N15 Brewer Sie. PAC THE BROAD-BREASTED MANTIS. »ototetetteteteteteretetdeterdotetetetetetelewr GENERIC CHARACTER. Head unfteady: Mouth armed with jaws, and furnifhed with palpi. | Antenne {etaceous, (fome few fpecies excepted.) Wings four, membranaceous, in moft fpecies con- voluted: the lower ones (generally) plicated. Feet anterior compreffed, ferrated beneath, armed with a lateral folitary claw and jointed pro- cefs; pofferior four, {mooth, formed for walking. Thorax (in moft fpecies) elongated and narrowed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, 6. MANTIS with the fides of the thorax nearly membranaceous and greatly dilated. Mer. Sur. t. 27. Ref. 2. gryll. t. 3. p——————————— M: The Mantis Strumaria is amongft the number of thofe infects which in lefs enlightened times have been confidered as a kind of animated leaves. The very large, dilated thorax in this infect is highly remarkable. The The lower wings are of a tranfparent appearance, and j have but a flight caft of green. This curious animal is a native of South America. ^ Fig. r, The infe& in its pupa ftate. Sty - Fig. 2, The infect in its complete fate. ' ^ ET " [^ / i E. 1 E » , ta ts ja p . b. PSITTÁCUS, PULCHELLUS. e»dotpetetettotpteetgpteistteterpptee toe CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum aduncum: mandibula fuperiore mobili, cera inftructa. . Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, Doc integra. Pedes {canforii. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 139s CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. PSITTACUS macrourus viridis, fubtus. luteus, capiftro alifque czeruleis. Roftrum pedefque nigricant. Inter minimas fui generis numeranda eft hzc fpecies, non longe enim fuperat magnitudine figuram que in tabula continetur. Notabile eft hanc avem, parvula licet fit, magno illi pfittaco qui Ararauna dicitur, primo intuitu admodum fimilem.efle. Species procul dubio nunquam adhuc defcripta eft, et novam Hollandiam incolit. Anya Fy pr my Biduciyi oer PUE oe tid Canes s P faa ] ar Td um y 4T d 7 nar, Pbtisteed March y t ty FP Ned der 9? THE TURCOSINE PARRAKEET. SNELL GENERIC. CHARACTER. Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Noffrils roundifh, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flefhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs íhort. ‘Toes formed for climbing, viz. two backward and two forward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. LONG-TAILED GREEN PARRAKEET, yel- low beneath, with blue wings and frontlet. The beak and legs are black. This may be numbered amongft the fmalleft of its tribe, not very much exceeding in fize the figure here reprefented. It is remarkable that this diminutive fpe- cies bears at firft view a confiderable refemblance to the Pfittacus Ararauna, or great blue and yellow Maccaw. It is an undoubted non-defcript, and is a native of New Holland. SILURUS CALLICHTHYS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput nudum. Qs cirris aliquot filiformibus ten- taculatum. Membr. branch. radiis 4— 14. Corpus: Radius pinnarum pectoralium aut dorfalis primus f{pinofus, retrodentatus. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 5Ole CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. SILURUS pinna dorfali poftica uniradiata, fqua- mis ordine duplici, cirris quatuor. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 500. - Aman. acad. 1. ps 817. t. 14. f 1. Gron. muf. 1.0.70. — SUD. THU]: TOS s BO. te 49. Squamarum quibus pifces muniuntur, pulchritudo et diverfitas, obfervationum microfcopicarum ftudiofis am- plifüi(mam diu praebuerunt materiem. Nonnullis fant Íquamz ovate, annulis concentricis fibrarum reticulas - tarum ornate: aliis fere quadrate, fibris in divifiones inequales difpofitis, marginibus aculeorum pellucido- rum ferie diftinctis. Quarundam fpecierum fquamza ob. | exigui- -— exiguitatem primo vifu vix difcerni poffunt; aliarum non modo minimas fed et muco denfo coopertas atten- tiffima oculorum acie inveftigare neceffe eft. Sunt e contrario pifces qui fquamis teguntur ampliffimis; quod infigniter evenit in peculiari illa varietate, (ni potius difin&am fpeciem putemus) Cyprini, nomine Cyprini Regis diftin&i; cujus fquame quadrantem diametri ipfius corporis quant. Non defunt denique exempla pifcium ad diverfifima genera pertinentium, quorum {quam ampliffime ct duriffime a reliquis in tantam difcrepant, ut prima facie ad ipfa animalia cruftata vide- antur accedere. Hos vocat Linnzus catapbraétos, quod fcilicet quafi lorica muniantur. Ejufmodi principes funt silurus cataphractus,Silurus Callichthys, Cottus cataphrac- tus, Trigla cataphra&a, Loricaria cataphracta. Silurus Callichthys, quem, oftendit tabula, tum Europam tum Americam inhabitat; plerumque autem in America Auf- trali, et precipue in Brafilia invenitur. Rivulos incolit, e. quibus, fi zftate fervidiore fere exficcati fuerint, mirum dictu! fe furripit, et per prata late evagatur, aquas al- tiores queritans. E pifcinis quoque in quibus fervatus fit interdum etepit, margines feu aggeres perforando. Relictis tamen aquis, fuper terram. incedere non folius eft Callichthys; idem enim facere folent alii nonnulli, Murena precipue Anguilla dica, qua per prata noctu prorepit, limaces fortaffe aliaque id generis predatura ; et fi hyems fuerit feverior, fub ipfo etiam foeno et in avernis latitans interdum deprenfa eft. Callichthys longitudo communis eft circiter quatuor pollices : color fufco-flavefcens, dorfo paulum» obfcuriore. Oculi mi- nuti; et utrinque ad latera oris (ut in aliis ejufdem ge- neris) tentacula duo longá et magna extenduntur. M Ub often. Marche nt. 792, by FP Nodder M (AN Brewer Sireet2 | THE WANDERING SILURUS «psopostpetoteteptettotetedeteteteletetetete to GENERIC CHARACTER, Head naked, large, deprefied. Mouth wide, generally furnifhed with long ten- tacula or beards. Firft ray of the pe&toral and dorfal fins commonly {trong and ferrated backwards, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, €9c. SILURUS with a double range of fcales, four beards, and the laft dorfal fin fingle-rayed, Gron. muf: 3. t. 29. fig. 13 Marcgr. bras. 151. The beautiful and varied ftru&ure which diftinguifhes the fcales of fifhes, has long afforded an extenfive field for microfcopical obfervation. In fome the fcales are of an oval fhape, with concentric rings of reticulated fibres; in others of a fquarifh form, with the fibres curioufly difpofed into diffimilar patches or fubdivifions, and ornamented at the extremities with a feries of tranf- parent aculei or prickles. In fome fifhes the fcales are fo extremely fmall as to be fcarce diftinguifhable on a curfory view, and in fome they are not only very fmall, but but fo coated over by a mucous tegument as to require the moft attentive invefügation in order to difcover them. In others, on the contrary, they are as remark- able for their extreme largenefs, as in the peculiar va- riety (if not diftin& fpecies) of Cyprinus or Carp, known by the title of the King-Carp, in which the {cales are equal to a fourth part of the diameter of the fifh. Laftly, there are not wanting fome inftances of fih belonging to very different genera, which are coated with fcales of a fize fo very large, of a ftructure fo un- commonly ftrong, and of a difpofition fo unlike that which appears in the fcales of other fifh, that they feem at firft glance to belong to the cruftaceous tribe. Fifhes of this peculiar caft are termed by Linnzus cataphraéted or mailed fifh, as if in fuits of armour. Of thefe the moft remarkable are the Silurus cataphraétus, Silurus Callichthys, Cottus cataphractus, Trigla cataphra&ta, and Loricaria cataphracta. ‘The Silurus Callichthys, here reprefented, is a native both of Europe and Ame- rica, but is more common in South America than in Europe, being principally found in Brafil. It inhabits rivulets, and when thefe during a dry feafon grow ex- tremely fhallow, it has the extraordinary faculty of. creeping out and traverfüng over the dry ground in order to feek deeper water. It has alfo been known to make its efcape from fifhponds in which it has been confined, by piercing through the banks. This terref- trial- locomotion of fifhes is not however confined to the Calüchthys, but 1s known to take place in fome others, and particularly in the conimon eel, which fre- quently creeps about meadows by night, in queft per- haps of flugs, &c., and has been known during the frofts of a fevere winter to take refuge under hay-ricks and -- am um and in caverns. The general length of the Callichthys, is about four inches: its color is a yellowifh brown, X fomewhat deeper on the back than on the other parts. ^ The eyes are fmall, and on each fide the mouth are fituated (as in feveral others of this genus) two very - large and long cirrhi or beards. | MU D 3n A je. m | TUBIPORA MUSICA. »ttdoptbpiptedotttotitelettei CHARACTER GENERICUS. Animal Nereis ? Corallium tubis cylindricis, cavis,.erectis, paral- lelis, x ; Lin. Syfte Nat. p. 1270. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &e. TUBIPORA tubis fafciculatis combinatis: diffe- pimentis tranfverfis membranaceis diftantibus. Lin. Syf. Nat. p. 1270. PSEUDO-CORALLIUM RUBRUM. Aldr. muf. 291. ALCYONIUM FISTULOSUM RUBRUM. Baub. biff. 3. p. 808. fig. 2. TUBULARIA PURPUREA. Tourn. inft. t. 942. lis lithophytis annumerandum eft hoc corallium quo- rum fi formam generalem fpectes, vix poffit dubitari quin ab animalibus efüc&ta fint. Conftat quippe tota inaffa e tubulis erectis et parallelis, alio. fuper alium eradatim affurgente, qualiter fere fit in cellulis apum. Septa tranfverfa quibus tuborum ftrata connectuntur, af{cendunt inzqualiter in variis partibus, tubis ipfis raro unciam, unciam, interdum femiunciam altis, eorundem diametro nunc decimam nunc octavam pollicis partem attingente. Ab hac tamen proportione in diverfis fpeciminibus longe deceditur. Vera animalium incolentium natura vix adhuc pro certo explorata eft: ea tamen putat Lin- neus Nereidibus vix ac ne vix differre. Speciem hac pulchriorem vix fortaffe inveniemus in toto genere co- rallino : ftru&ture ‘enim ipfius elegantiam mire auget color fuaviter purpureus feu phoeniceus. Si finguli tubi accuratius infpiciabtury patebit eorum unumquemque tubulum minorem geniculis aliquot feu feptis radiatis divifum continere, cujus ope diverfis ftratis fepe cum fe invicem communicátur. In magnam molem fefe ex- tendit formofum hoc corallium, nec defuere fpecimina que pedes duos immo tres diametro fuperarunt. Cum' adhuc fit recens, tota fuperficies exterior gelata feu mu- cofa fubftantia obducitur, quz etiam per partes tubulatas quodammodo diffundi videtur. Magna Tubipore mu- fice eft copia circa littora infularum Indicarum nec non maris Pacifici. Fig. 1, Pars aperta, et microfcopio aucta, ut ftruGura in- terior pateat. Fig. 2, 3, 4, Tubuli feparati magnitudine naturali. Sy SN Londen, utto! tlaxet: we, GOs by FB NG der ce a Mis Brewer ape CRIMSON TUBIPORE, OR ORGAN CORAL. DEERE PEEP PEEPS GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal allied (probably) to the genus Nereis. Coral confifting of erect cylindric parallel tubes. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. TUBIPORE with fafciculated connected tubes, ' and diftant tranfverfe membranaceous difle- piments. Argenv. conch. t. 26. fig. A. Ellis Zoopb. p. 144. t. 27. This 1s one of thofe Lithophytes which in ftru&ure and general appearance feem plainly to indicate the operation of animals, the whole mafs confifting of an affortment of upright parallel tubes, rifing over each other by ftages, fomewhat in the manner of the cells of an honeycomb. ‘The ftages or traníveríe ditfepiments by which the ftrata of tubes are connected, are of unequal heights in different parts of the mafs, and the tubes of each ftratum feldom rife to the height of an inch, and íometimes do not exceed half an inch, ' and their diameter is from about a tenth to an eighth of an an inch. In different fpecimens however there is a confiderable variation, both in the proportional length and diameter of the tubes. ‘The real nature of the in- habiting animals of thefe tubes is not clearly afcertained, but they are fuppofed by Linnzus to be ftrongly allied to Nereides.. In point of beauty ícarce any of the coral tribe can exceed the prefent fpecies; the colour, which is a rich purple or deep crimfon, highly in- creafing the elegance, of the fabric. The individual tubes, when accurately examined, appear each furnifhed with a fmaller internal tube, which is divided at certain diftances by radiated diaphragms or partitions. By means of thefe internal tubes the different ftrata often communicate with each other. This curious coral ex- tends itfelf to a very confiderable fize; fpecimens hav- ing been frequently feen of from one to three feet in diameter. In its recent ftate the whole upper furface is coated over by a mucous or gelatinous fubftance, which feems to pervade the tubular texture of the whole coral. The tubipora mufica is produced in the greateft abun- dance about the fhores of the Eaft-Indian iflands and thofe of the Pacific Ocean. Fig. r, A piece laid open and magnified by the microftope, in order to {hew the interior ftructure. Fig. 2, 2, 4» Separate tubes of their natural fize. CASUARIUS AUSTRALIS. DEERE EEE EEE PE PPE ED CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum depreffum, rectum, fubconicum. Nares ovate. | Ale breviffimz, .volatui inutiles. Femora in parte inferiore denudata. Pedes trida&tyli, digitis omnibus anticis. Cauda nulla. hai CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. CASUARIUS FUSCUS, vertice inermi. STRUTHIO CASUARIUS. st Lin. Syft. Nat. CASUARIUS NOV HOLLANDUE. Lath. ind. orn. Lath. ind. orn. p. 664. p. 265. p. 665. Inter aves quas protulit ingens illa infula Nova Hol- landia (ni continens potius appelletur) infignis eft que in tabula depingitur Cafuarii fpecies; a communi feu Africana adeo difcrepans, ut dubitari non poffit illam penitus et revera diverfam effe. Magnitudine enim eft multo- majori, alta interdum, ad minus, pedes feptem. Color imus cinereo-fufcus, fubtus pallidior. Caret ca- “put galea feu crifta illa cornea, que fpeciem commu- M acm nem diftinguit- Collum preterea loco rugofz illius et rubre cerulezque cutis, et caruncularum que in Afri- cana confpicug, pennis parvis veftitur, per quas ipfa cutis in hac parte leviter cerulea vix ac ne vix difcerni poffit. In apicibus alarum, que ad volandum inutiles, unguiculus eft incurvatus et acutus. Crura validiffima, nigricantia, et in parte poftica confpicue ferrata. Rof- trum ejufdem fere coloris cum cruribus. aa THE SOUTHERN CASSOWARY. Qd 4oetéteteteeetetereteteteteteteteteteteteteo GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill depreffed, ftrait, nearly conical. Wings extremely fmall, and unfit for flight. Feet trida&ylous, with all the toes ftanding for- ward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. DARK-BROWN CASSOWAR Y with unarmed head. NEW-HOLLAND CASSOWARY. White's Voyage, pl. 1. p. 129. One of the moft remarkable birds which the conti- nent of New Holland has yet afforded is a fpecies of Caffowary which differs from the common or African , kind in fo many refpects as to leave no doubt of its being perfectly diftin&d. In fize it is confiderably fu- perior to the common Caffowary, having been feen of the height of at leaft feven feet. Its general colour is a fort of cinereous brown, fomewhat paler beneath. The head is deftitute of that horny creft which fo flrikingly diftinguifhes the African fpecies; and the neck inftead of being furnifhed with a wrinkled longitudinal red- and-blue fkin and wattles as in that bird, is covered M 2 with with fmall feathers, through which the fkin, which is of a bluifh colour in that part, is juft vifible. The wings are’ perfectly ufelefs for flight, and at the tip of each is a fmall, fharp, crooked fpur or claw. The legs are very ftrong, of a blackifh colour, and of a ferrated appearance on the hinder part. ‘The beak is of nearly the fame. colour with the legs. ARGONAUTA ARGO. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Animal Sepia. , Jefa univalvis, fpiralis, involuta, membranacea, unilocularis. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1161. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. ARGONAUTA carina utrinque fubdentata. Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 3367. NAUTILUS fulcatus. ! | Klein. offr. t. 1. f. 9. NAUTILUS tenuis. Rumpf. muf. t. 18. f. 1. 4. A. B. Utcunque inter animalia ejufdem familie eadem fere fit forme partiumque fimilitudo, pauca tamen proferri poffunt exempla, in quibus a norma fua infigniter aberrare folet natura; precipue vero in claffe teftacea. Teftarum enim univalvium (ut dicuntur) incole, generi Limacis fimillimi funt; bivalvium contra generibus Tethyos et Afcidie. Forme hujus anomale nullum notabilius argumentum poffit feligi- quam in genere Argonaute; vel Nautili qui papyraceus dicitur: ab omnibus enim aliis ejufdem divifionis adeo difcrepat animal animal hanc teftam inhabitans, ut illius verum effe et — genuinum incolam non mirum fit fi eere credatur. © Linnzus igitur de hac re fcribit, ** Domunculam alie- nam, quemadmodum Cancer Diogenes feu Bernhar- dus, intrafle Sepiam, cum non connexa fit tefie, fibi adeo aliene, qui non crederet, nifi tot teftes nobis ob- firingerent, qui propriis oculis viderunt Argonautam velificantem ?” Extra teftam vifus Argonaute habitator fepiz fpeciem, fepiam precipue octopodiam admodum refert: nec fane ab ea forma generali differt, nifi quod ad extremitates brachiorum duorum membranas ovatas habeat, quas cum fuper mare pacatum navigat, erigit, reliquis fex brachiis remigans. Fieri non potuit ut miranda res hominum oculos effugeret : ideoque a variis auctoribus defcriptam legimus ; nullis elegantius quam Plinio. - * [nter precipua autem miracula eft, qui vocatur .Nautilos, ab aliis Pompilos. Supinus in fumma zquo- rum.pervenit, ita fe paulatim fubrigens, ut emiffa om- ni per fiftulam aqua, velut exoneratus fentina, facile naviget. Poftea prima duo brachia retorquens, mem- branam. inter illa mire tenuitatis extendit; qua velifi- cante in aura, ceteris fubremigans brachiis, media cauda, ut gubernaculo, fe regit. Tta vadit alto, Libur- nicarum ludens imagine, et fi quid pavoris interveniat, haufta fe mergens aqua." Cavendum eit hanc teflam, que verus eft Argo- nauta, cum Nautilo communiter dicto, feu Nautilo concamerato contundamus, qui generis eft omnino dif- tinci. Crefcit Argonauta Argo ab una uncia ad fex - vel etiam octo. Mare Mediterraneum nec non Indi- cum incolit. | | PES : a E " I " — J m =: "^: - d ee —-- dits “7 y i-e u-— —À ) * "WS Ss 1 TOT THE ARGONAU T, OR PAPER NAUTILUS. SREP PPO GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal extremely refembling a Sepia. Shell univalve, {piral, extremely thin. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Coc. ARGONAUT with whitfh furrowed fhell, with the keel dentated on each fide. THE PAPER NAUTILUS. NAUTILLE PAPIRACÉ. 3 | "Argen. t. 5. Notwithftanding the general fimilarity of ftructure which prevails amongft animals of the fame-tribe, there are yet fome remarkable deviations from it. ‘This is no - where more. confpicuous than in the teftaceous tribe, in which the inhabitants of moft of the Univalves bear a . ftrong affinity to the genus Limax, or Slug, while thofe of aimoft all the Bivalves are diftinguifhed by a ftriking fimilarity to the genera of Tethys and Afcidia. Amongft the inftances of deviation from the general plan may be ^ be adduced the very remarkabie and curious genus Argonauta or Paper-Nautilus, which is inhabited by an animal of an appearance fo widely removed from thofe -of moft of the Univalves, as almoft to make doubtful the reality of its being the genuine and proper inhabi- tant of the fhell in which it refides. Linnzus accord- ingly has well obferved, that unlefs the evidence of fo many eye-witnefles had enforced belief, it might have been reafonably imagined that an animal fo unlike the reft of the tribe, was only'a ufurper of the fhell; in the fame manner as the Cancer Diogenes and a few others, which take poffeffion of fuch vacant fhells as happen to fuit their convenience. The inhabitant of the Argonauta, if feen detached from its fhell, might país for a real Sepia, and bears fo great a refemblance to the Sepia octopodia or eight-armed Cuttle-fifh, that the principal difference confifts in its being furnithed at the extremities of two of it arms with a pair of mem- branes of an oval form, which, during its occafional navigations on the furface of a calm fea, it raifes up- right and expands to the gale; while by the affiftance of the fix remaining arms it rows itfelf along. It feems impoffible that fo curious a fpectacle could have efcaped the particular obfervation of mankind. Accordingly we find it defcribed by various authors : by none how- ever more elegantly than by Pliny, whofe fhort and beautiful defcription, has generally been quoted by mo- dein writers. ** But amongft the principal miracles of nature is the animal called Nautilos or Pompilos. It afcends to the farface of the fea in a fupine pofture, and gradually raifing itfelf up, forces out by means of its tube all the water | water from the fhell, in order that it may fwim the more readily; then throwing back the two foremoft arms, it difplays between them a membrane of wonderful te- nuity, which a&s as a fail, while with the remaining arms it rows itfelf along; the tail in the middle acting as a helm to dire& its courfe ; and thus purfues its voy- age like a little fhip; and if alarmed by any appea- rance of danger, takes in the water and defcends." We muft be careful not to confound this fhell, which is the real and proper Nautilus, with the chambered or pearly Nautilus, which belongs to a very diftinct genus. The Argonauta Argo is found of various fizes, from one to fix or eight inches in length, or even larger. It is a native both of the Mediterranean and : Indian feas. * SCORPIO AFER. SME EEE PEPE FEO CHARACTER GENERICUS. Pedes o&to: infuper Chele duz frontales. Oculi o&o: horum tres ad latus utrumque tho- racis; duo in tergo. Palpi duo, cheliformes. - Cauda elongata, articulata, terminata Mucrone arcuato. : Peétines duo fubtus, inter pectus et abdomen. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 10937. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, CSc. SCORPIO ped&inibus 19-dentatis, manibus fub- cordatis pilofis. | Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1098. SCORPIO INDUS. Degeer. inf. 7. p. 341. n. 3e “Inter omnia infecta ha&enus cognita, que venenofe et maligne funt indolis, Scorpiones primo femper nu- merari foliti funt. Notandum tamen eft vim veneni vel augeri vel minui pro diverfa hominum vulnerato- rum idiofyncrafia, ftatuque ipfius animalis, majorive minorive impetu quo plaga infligitur. Concedendum etiam eft vulgarem Scorpionem Europeum, multo ma- gis & gis quam neceffe eft timeri, cujüs ab aculeo vix aliquid mali poteft evenire. At vero ingentes Africani Scorpi- ones, qualis eft ille qui in tabula depingitur, vulnus infligere poffe jure cenfetur, quod dolor acerrimus, vi- rufque graviffimum folent comitari. Venenum per tria minutiffima foramina prope apicem aculei exit, a fummo fere apice et ab utroque latere. Notum eft multum diuque dubitaffe phyficos fitne foramen necne, per quod venenum effunditur, in aranearum forcipibus. Similiter de foraminibus in fcorpionis aculeo. dubitatum eft, immo pene ad lites perventum. Celeberrimus Redi, ' optimis licet vitris microfcopicis tunc temporis inftruc- tus, non potuit foramen difcernere; qui tamen revera illud extare minime dubitavit, quippe qui ab aculeo compreffo guttulam quafi liquoris albefcentis juxta api- cem exprimi fepe viderat. Alii autem multi ullum effe foramen plane negarunt. Wallifmeri et Leewenhoek foramina duo triangula clare vifa defcripferunt ab utro- | que latere prope apicem fita; alii tria detexerunt; unde patet Scorpionis aculeum venenum promptius efflare poffe quam alius cujufvis animalis. Pars illà qua Scor- pionibus fub pectore fita eft, queque more pectinis denticulata eft, hoc ipfo nomine peétinis a Linnzo de- fignatur; qui etiam diverfas fpecies numero dentium in pectine diftinguere conatus eft. F efellit tamen multos hec difcriminandi methodus; pectinibus enim ejufdem fpeciei impar forfan fit numerus dentium ; ideoque hoc folo figno fpecies non poffunt fatis accurate dignofci. Species hic depicta eft magnus Scorpio Africanus, a Linneo Scorpio Afer nominatus. Color ejus communis | eft admodum fufcus, interdum pene ‘nigricans. In nagnam crefcit molem, interdum multo majorem quam repre Lc. TAE. L. : | reprafentat tabula. — Vivipari funt Scorpiones, et pluri- mos uno partu edunt pullos, qui perfecte formati, nul- lam aliam mutationem fubeunt, nifi forte quod arane- arum more exuvias abjiciant. Que fcripferunt varia et mira de his animalibus antiquiores phyfici, aniles funt fabule, quas prefens evum, cui omnigena affulfit {ci- entia, egre et indigne audiat. Elec igitur putida et inania lubens taceo... Unum tamen e plurimis fas mihi fit feligere; Scorpionem nempe carbonibus ignitis cir- cumdatum, cum nullum fibi exitum patere viderit, faluti tandem defperantem, fui ipfius aculei i&ibus perire. Hanc fabulam, quafi fide dignam, plures etiam - nunc temporis, ferio et graviter recitant, et pro unico fuicidii exemplo inter inferiora animalia feligunt. Fig. 2. Pectines. THE Aon ca SCORPION. OPER HH HH EES GENERIC CHARACTER, Eight Legs, befides the 2 frontal Chelz. Eight Eyes, viz. 3 on each fide the thorax, and 2 ^ on the back. ' Two cheliform Pal: or feelers. Tail long, jointed, terminated by a crooked point. Two Combs beneath, between the thorax and ab- domen. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Se. SCORPION with 13-toothed combs and fome- what heart-fhaped hairy claws. Swammerd. bibl. nat. t. 9. f. 3. Roef. inf. 3. t. 65. £ Scorpions may be confidered as the moft malignant and poifonous of all known infects. It is true that the effect of their fing will differ ereatly according to the different circumftances of the conftitution of the perfon receiving the wound, as well as of the ítate of the ani- _ mal itfelf, and the degree of violence with which the wound was inflicted. It is alío to be acknowledged that the common European Scorpion is not in general of die 007 dcr NU al QUSS sn of fo terrible a nature as is commonly fuppofed, and it is but rarely that any bad confequences happen from its fting. But the large Scorpions of Africa, fuch as here reprefented, may well be fuppofed capable of inflicting a wound. of the moft fevere pungency and of. the moft dreadful malignity. The poifon is evacuated through three very fmall foramina near the tip of the füng, viz. one on each fide the tip, and the other in the upper part. Itis well known that a diverfity of opinion has fubfifted amongft authors relative to the flit or foramen in the fangs of fpiders, through which their poifon is evacuated. ‘The fame contrariety of fentiment takes place with refpe& to fuch a foramen in the Scorpion's füng. The celebrated Redi, affifted by the beft micro- {copes he could procure, was not able to difcover it; though he was well convinced of its exiftence from perceiving the minute drop of poifon exfude from near the tip of the fting. Others have denied the exiftence of the foramen; but Vallifneri and Leewenhoek have both defcribed two foramina, viz. one on each fide the tip, and which are of a fhape inclining to triangular: befides thefe a third foramen has fometimes been feen ; {fo that the fting of the Scorpion can with greater faci- lity difcharge its venom than that of any other animal. The part in Scorpions which is feated below the breatt and is toothed in the manner of a comb, is in the Lin- nzan language termed the pe&en; and Linnzus has endeavoured to diftinguifh the fpecies of Scorpions from the number of teeth in this part; but this has been found a fallacious mark of diftn&ion ; fince they vary in the number of teeth, and confequently no great ' certainty can be obtained from this character alone. The The very large fpecies here reprefented is the great African Scorpion, or Scorpio Afer of Linnaeus. Its general colour is a deep brown, nearly approaching in ~ fome fpecimens to black. It growsto a very large fize; fpecimens being fometimes feen which far exceed . in fize the figure here reprefented. Scorpions are vi- viparous infects, and produce a very confiderable num-. ber of young at once; which are completely fhaped, and undergo no farther change, except (perhaps) caft- ing their fkin from time to time in the manner of fpi- ders. Several fabulous anecdotes of thefe animals have been recorded by the older writers on natural hiftory, . which are totally unworthy of being related in the pre- fent enlightened age. One of the moft remarkable of thefe legends is, that a Scorpion furrounded by live coals, finding no method to efcape, grows defperate from its fituation and ftings itfelf to death. It is not uncommon to hear this quoted with ferious credulity as the only inftance of fuicide amongft inferior animals. Fig. 2. The pectinated parts or combs. CERTHIA CARDINALIS. REE PP @ CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rofirum arcuatum, tenue, fubtrigonum, acutum. Lingua acuta. | Pedes ambulatorn. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 184. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Se. CERTHIA RUBERRIMA, alis caudaque nigris, : abdomine albido. CERTHIA CARDINALIS ? Lath. ind. orn. p. 290. CERTHIA RUBRA ? Gmel. Syfl. Nat. 1. p. 479. Inter minimas numeratur hec avicula fui generis, fifticque eam tabula magnitudine naturali. Forma ge- merali Certhie cruentate Linnzi videtur fimillima. In infulis aliquibus Auftralibus nafci creditur; quicquid autem ad pec;'iares illius mores attinet incognitum omne et incertum eft. "THE CARDINAL CREEPER. Cb Hl Hepat Hel|epHe pp ree GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill (lender, incurvated, fharp-pointed. Tongue differing in fhape in the different fpecies. Legs TUM {tout. Toes placed three before, and one behind; Hack toe large: claws hooked and long. | ^Linneus. Latham. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, €c. CARMINE-RED CREEPER, with black wings and tail, and whitith belly. CARDINAL CREEPER. | Lath. Syn. 1 p. 733. This bird may be numbered amongft the fmalleft of its genus, the figure reprefenting it of its natural fize. In its general appearance it fcems extremely nearly al- lied to the certhia cruentata of Linneus, ‘or red-fpotted creeper. It is fuppofed to be a nati» of fome of the Southern iflands, but its particular hiftory feems to be unknown. 10Z SM ASTERIAS CAPUT MEDUSA. - (000 QUuaMAHAHAMHPERHHHHAHHHRHHRO CHARACTER. GENERICUS. Corpus depreffum : crufta fubcoriacea, tentaculis muricata. Os centrale, quinquevalve. - Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1098. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, (Sc. ASTERIAS radiis dichotomis, ore deprefio. ASTERIAS CAPUT MEDUSZE. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1101. STELLA MARINA. — Fonft. inf. t. 26. f. 11. Afterie, feu ftelle equoree, ut vulgo nominantur, mirum et numerofum conftituunt genus animalium ma- rinorum. Specierum diverfarum diverfa admodum eft facles externa. Pars maxima formze funt ftellate, feu in quinque radios equales divifz: alie in plures radios, decem nempe vel tredecim : nonnullz fcabre et tube- rofe, nonnulle leves, alie denique fpinofz funt. Spe- cies vero reliquis lange mirabilior Afterias caput Me- dufe vocatur. Hac a centro in quinque equales et zqueé diftantes radios geniculatos primum dividitur, quorum finguli dein in duos alios minores divaricant ; N 2 hi hi iterum paulo longiore intervallo in duos adhuc mi- nores feparantur; et hoc modo, divifionibus minoribus et numerofioribus, infinita pene ferie fenfim attenuata et multiplicata, diftribuuntur membra, donec millia multa numero fuperent. Inde fit ut animal quafi rete fit vivum, nec immerito re/e mirabile poffit dici, cum. illa que pro cibo natura voluit animalia, contractis fu- bito innumeris ramulis amplectatur, et adempta aufugi- endi poteftate, mifera devoret. Afteriz facultatem re- pullulandi habent, membrumque aliquod vel cafu vel vi abruptum aut avulfum progreffu temporis renovatur. In;oceano, prefertim prope littora cibi captandi gratia vagantur, animaliaque non tantum nuda et molliora fed etiam teftis obtecta comedunt; dentibus enim duris et acutis fpinas referentibus armantur, adeo fitis ut aculei omnes ad centrum convergant, difpares in diverfis fpe- ciebus. Species hic depicta in oceano fere omni inve- nitur, precipue in mari Mediterraneo. — Colore variat : interdum pallida, feu rufo-albefcens, interdum fufcef- cens, immo etiam penitus fufca reperitur — Afteriz (fortaffe) ut plurimum, vivipare? funt. THE BRANCHED ASTERIAS, OR MEDUSEAN STAR-FISH. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body depreffed ; covered with a coriaceous cruft, muricated with tentacula. Mouth central, with five valves. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. ASTERIAS, with regularly-divided and fubdivi- ded branches, and depreffed mouth. MEDUSA-HEAD STAR-FISH. BASKET STAR-FISH, The Afteriz or fea-ftars, as they are generally called, form a very numerous and wonderful genus of marine animals. ‘The feveral fpecies differ greatly in appear- ance from each other: the greater number are of a ftellated form, and are divided into five rays or pro- - ceffes; others are.divided into a much greater number of rays, as ten, and thirteen. Some fpecies are fmooth, ~ fome tuberculated, others prickly. The fpecies which of all others is moft worthy of admiration is that called the Caput Medufe, or Medufa's Head Star-fifh : this very very curious animal is firft divided into five equidiftant, thickly-jointed proceffes, each of which is foon fub- divided into two other fmaller ones, and each of thefe, at a fomewhat farther diftance, into two others ftill Ímaller: this mode of regular fubdivifion is continued to à vaft extent, and in the moft beautiful gradation of minutenefs, till at length the number of the extreme ramifications amounts to feveral thoufands. By this moft curious ftru&ure the animal becomes as it were a living net, and may well deferve the title of rete mirabile, and is capable of catching fuch creatures as are by na- ture deftined for its prey, by the fuddén contraction of all its innumerable ramifications, by which the un- fortunate object is fecured beyond all poffibility of eícape. The fea-ftars have a very confiderable degree of reproductive power, and if injured by accidental violence, or if one or more of their limbs or branches be torn or cut off, the creature will in time be furnifhed with new ones. They wander about the ocean, parti- | cularly near the fhores, in queft of food, and prey not only on the fofier animals, but even on the ímaller fheli-fith ; and are armed for this purpofe with hard and fharp teeth, refembling prickles, and fituated in a circular form, with the points converging towards the opening of the mouth, and differing in number in the different fpecies. The fpecies here reprefented is not uncommon in moft feas, and is frequently found in the Mediterranean. In colour it varies, being fometimes pale, or reddifh white, and fometimes of a brown, more or lefs intenfe. "The Afterie in general are vivi- parous ?. animals. PTINUS FATIDICUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne filiformes; articulis ultimis majoribus. Thorax fabrotundus, immarginatus, caput exci- piens. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 565. CHARACTER SPECIFIC US, &e. PTINUS Sms fubpilofus, grifeo irregulariter .. maculofus. DERMESTES TESSELATUS ? ? Fabr. Syft. Ent. p. 56. Sp. inf. p. 65. PTINUS PULSATOR? Gmel. Syf. Nat. p. 1605. Ex ineptiis omnibus que imbecillos vulgi animos occuparunt, inan?or nulla eft quam mortifagi, ut dici- tur, metus; qui parvulum licet infe&um, ruris quietem perturbare, vanifque et falfis terroribus totum pagum folebat implere. Dominatur etiam nunc in populorum animis fuperftitiofa ifta folicitudo, nequiitque fugare has tenebras quod jam fere per totum orbem diffunditur {cientiz et veritatis lumen. Fatendum quidem eft, illis qui in pane quotidiano comparando totum fere tempus | terere terere coguntur, deeffe tum otium tum mentem ut in ‘caufam peculiaris alicujus fonitus accurate philofophi- ceque inquirant: mirum tamen eft infe&um commune non penitius cognofci, nec melius intelligi unde fonitus exoriatur. . Vere jam prove&o, mutuo fe convocare folent for- midata hzc animalcula, eodem fere modo quo aves; licet non fit vera vox, fed pulfatio capitis clypeati in duram aliquam fubftantiam. Audiuntur ictus fepties, novies, vel undecies ; quod ipfum fortaffe majorem vulgo metum incutit. Repetuntur fonitus celeriter, in- certis intervallis, et in domibus antiquis, ubi maxima eft Mortifagorum copia, pertotum fere diem poffunt audiri; prefertim fi calidior fit aeris temperies. Exacte imitar poteris hos ictus fi unguem modice in menfam impingas. Cum colori ligni veteris fimillimus fit color mortifagi, inquirentis oculus diu eluditur. Longus eft circiter quadrantem uncie, modica craffitie. Ad cole- optera pertinet, quorum nempe ale elytris feu tegu- mentis corneis munitz funt; licet enim rariffime volet, volatilis eft. Referri debet proculdubio ad genus Priaus dictum. Miror nec inveniri eum in editione duodeci- ma fyftematis nature Linnei, nec in opere entomolo- gico Fabricii, ni forte Derieffes teffelatus idem fit, quod fi fiat, erravit Fabricius in genere. In volumine vige- fimo, nec non in vigefimo fecundo A&orum Anglico- rum, nec male, defcribitur, additis obfervationibus celeberrimi Derhami, qui de animalculi forma mori- bufque recte differuit. Vereor ne quod falfum et inep- tum fit afferere videar, cum dicam poffe mortifagum, in pyxide fervatum, ad id manfuetudinis et docilitatis perduci, ut menfe impofitus pulfanti alicui prompte re{pondeat. refpondeat. Cavendum eft ne hoc infe&um, (quod verus eft rufticorum mortifagus pulfatorius,) cum alio confundamus, quod interdum eodem nomine dicitur, quodque horologii more diu et fine ulla intermiffione fonum edit; pertinet enim hoc ad ordinem penitus di- verfum, nomine Termitis pulfatorit a Linneo diftinctum. Claudet hanc Mortifagi defcriptionem quod in opere celeberrimo, Pfeadodowia {cilicet Epidemica, obfervavit vir doctiffimus "Thomas Brown. ** Qui ab animis po- puli unicam hanc fuperftitionem poffet evellere, ille profecto a pavidis nutricum et aviarum capitibus fudoris multum gelidi depelleret.” & London, (o2 7 2 AN May 4 wg? ty FP. loaller Hire 42, 4 (Breuer I ee = 404 y? | THE BEATING PTINUS "T OR DEATH-WATCH. ^——^—-—————— GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne filiform; the laft joints larger than the others. ! Thorax roundifh, immarginated, receiving the head. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. Dufky and fomewhat hairy PTINUS, with irre- . gular grey-brown fpots. THE DEATH-WATCH. Phil. Tranf. vol. 20. p. 376. vol. 22. p. 932. Amongft the popular fuperftitions which the almoft general illumination of the prefent century has not been able to obliterate, the dread of the Death-watch may well be confidered as one of the moft predomi- nant; which, though nothing more than a fmall infect, , fill continues to difturb the habitations of rural tran- quillity with groundlefs fears and abfurd apprehenfions. iis > ay It is not indeed to be imagined that they who are en- gaged in the more important cares of providing the immediate neceflaries of life fhould have either leifure or inclination to inveftigate with. philofophic exactnels the caufes of a particular found: yet it muft be allowed to be a very fingular circumftance that an animal fo common fhould not be more univerfally known, and the caufe of the particular noife which it occafionally makes, be more generally underftood. It is chiefly in the advanced (tate of fpring that this alarming little being commences its found; which is no other than the call or fignal by which the infe&s of this fpecies mutually attend to each other, and which may be con- fidered as analogous to the call of birds; though not owing to the voice of the infect, but to its beating on any hard fubftance with the fhield or fore part of its head. The prevailing number of diftinct ftrokes which it beats, is from feven to nine or eleven, which very circumftance may perhaps ftill add in fome degree to the ominous character which the animal bears amongft the vulgar. Thefe founds or beats are given in a pretty quick fucceffion, and are repeated at uncertain intervals; and in old houfes where the infects are numerous, may be heard almoft every hour of the day; efpecially if the weather be warm. ‘The found exa&ly refembles that which may be made by beating mode- rately hard with the nail on a table. The infect is of a colour fo nearly refembling that - of decayed wood, viz. an obfcure greyifh brown, that it may for a confiderable time elude the fearch of the inquirer. It is about a quarter of an inch in length, and is moderately thick in proportion, It belongs to to the clafs of coleopterous infects, or fuch as have horny or thelly (heaths defending their wings, for it is a winged infeét, though rarely feen in flight. The genus to which it unqueftonably belongs is that of Pinus; but itis remarkable that it does not occur in the twelfth edition of the Syftema Nature of Linnzus ; nor has Fabricius diftincly mentioned it in his en- tomological works, unlefs his .Dermeffes teffelatus be intended for the fame infect, in which cafe he muft have placed itin a wrong genus. In the twentieth and twenty-fecond volumes of the Philofophical Tranfac- tions. it has been long ago defcribed, and fome very juft obfervations made relative to its habits and. general appearance, by the celebrated Mr. Derham, and it is extremely fingular that fo remarkable an infect fhould have almoft efcaped the notice of more modern ento- mologifts. Ridiculous, and even incredible as it may appear, it is an animal that may in fome meafure be tamed; at leaft it may be fo far familiarized as to be made to beat occafionally, by taking it out of its confinement and beating on a table or board, which it readily anfwers, and will continue to beat as often as required. | We muft be careful not to confound this infect, which is the real Death-watch of tbe vulgar, (em- phatically fo called,) with another infect, which makes a found like the ticking of a watch, and which con- © tinues its found for a long time without intermiffion : it belongs to a totally different tribe from the Death- - watch, and is the Termes pulfatorium of Linneus. -I fhall conclude this defcription of the Death-watch by a fentence from. the celebrated work P/eudodoxia x Epidemica, Epidemica, or Vulgar Errors, by the learned Sir Tho- mas Brown, who expreffes himfelf in fome fuch words . as thefe. ** He that could eradicate this error from the minds of the people would fave from many a cold fweat the meticulous heads of nurfes and grand- mothers." LOXIA CARDINALIS. SEE PEPE O CHARACTER GENERICUS. » Roftrum conico-gibbum, frontis bafi rotundatum verfus caput: Mandibula inferior margine laterali inflexa. Nares in bafi roftri. Lingua integra. Lin. Syff. Nat. p. 299. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. LOXIA CRISTATA RUBRA, capiftro nigro, roftro pedibufque fanguineis. » Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 300. COCCOTHRAUSTES RUBRA. Catebis Cram ps, SOe tons COCCOTHRAUSTES VIRGINIANA CAR- DINALIS di&a. | Dra. uv. 3. p. 252: LOXIA CARDINALIS. Lath. ind. orn. p. 375. FE, calidioribus Americe Septentrionalis partibus in Europam jamdudum illata eft Loxia Cardinalis. Ob colorem lautum fplendidumque vocemque potentem et fuaviloquam apud nos magni femper habita eft, nec de- funt qui eam ipfi lufcinie vix ac ne vix cedere exifti- mant. Ingenio eft alacri, vivido, docilique. O THE CARDINAL GROSBEAK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill {trong, thick, and convex. INoftrils {mall. Longue truncated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. CRESTED RED GROSBEAK with black frontlet. VIRGINIAN NIGHTINGALE. Rai. Syn. p. 85. Will. ort. p. 245. pl. 44. CARDINAL GROSBEAK. Lath. Syn. 2. p. 118. The bird here figured is a native of the warmer parts of North America, from whence it was imported foon after the firft difcovery of that continent; and from the glowing fplendor of its colour, and the extraordinary ~ powers of its note, foon became a diftinguifhed favo- rite in Europe. It is even by fome confidered as fcarce inferior to the nightingale. It is a bird of a lively nà- ture, and pofleffes a confiderable degree of docility. Sune gt 7: QA, ber. CF E p e. ^ T e « Noddler 4,” « Ns Bs econ Hires n ah 7 2d Se » ISTIS HTIPPURTS Ed CHARACTER GENERICUS. Flores Hydra, fparfi e floribus lateralibus. Stirps radicata, lapidea, rigida, fzpe articulata. — Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1287. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. ISIS fürpe corallina, articulis ftriatis, geniculis attenuatis. | Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1287. ACCABARIUM ALBUM. Rumpf. Amb. 6. p. 228. t. 84. HIPPURIS SAXEA. | Cus. exot. 124. LITHOPHYTON articulatum internodiis ftri- "atis. Guali. tef. 118. fig. 16. Jactare fane poffunt perpauca Lithophyta eleganti- orem faciem quam hzc, de qua jam agitur, fpecies. Ne quid enim dicam de ramulorum pulchritudine, bella : eft oppofitio albarum expanfarumque partium, nigro- rumque quibus conne&untur geniculorum. Notandum tamen eft pulchrum hunc afpe&um non effe ipfius na- O2 ture 5 ture ; hee enim veftivit iidem cortice albo et fpongi- ofo, foraminibus parvulis creberrime excavato, in qui- bus, cum adhuc recens fit lithophytum, habitant ani- malia polypos referentia, que ipfum corallium edifi- caffe creduntur. Crefcit Ifis Hippuris in variis mundi partibus, in mari precipue Indico. Diverfz extat mag- nitudinis, alta interdum paucas uncias, interdum, duos fere pedes. "uy; uj) 3s Linchn 2 aa! fie 4) te I Dean Er zad [5271 Prewer Sirect= THE BLACK-AND-WHITE ISIS, OR JOINTED CORAL. ee ee ae a a GENERIC CHARACTER. The Coral having the habit or appearance of a plant. The Stem or internal part differing in the different fpecies, and generally either of a horny or a {tony appearance. The cortical part foft, and inhabited by animals refembling polypes. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. ISIS with white ftriated joints and black junctures. PIED JOINTED CORAL. BLACK AND WHITE JOINTED CORAL. Ellis. Zooph. p. 105. t. 9. Few, if any, of the Lithophytes can boaft a more elegant appearance than the prefent fpecies; which, exclufive of the neatnefs of its ramifications, is diftin- guifhed by the agreeable contraft between the white expanded parts and the black internodia by which they are dre united. It is to be obferved, however, that this beautiful appearance is very different from that of the {ame coral in its natural ftate; in which it is coated over by a foft or fpongy whitifh part, thickly marked with fmall foramina, which in the recent Lithophyte. are the habitations of fo many animals refembling po- lypes; the fuppofed fabricators of the coral. The Ifis Fiippuris is produced in feveral parts of the world, but ' is chiefly found in the Indian feas. It is found of vari- ous fizes, from a few inches to nearly two feet in height. | CERCARIA MUTABILIS. Coepit ppt Heer CHARACTER GENERICUS. Vermis nudo oculo inconfpicuus, du egent caudatus. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. CERCARIA VIRIDIS, (interdum rubra,) cor- pore cylindraceo mutabili, cauda acuminata fub-bifida. CERCARIA VIRIDIS ? Mill. anim. infus. p. 126. tab. 19. fig. 6 13. Oftenditur in tabula animalculum, fitu varium, mi- crofcopio fummopere auctum. Hujufmodi eftivis men- fibus denfiffima fuper paludes conglomerantur agmina, adeo ut interdum tota fuperficies rubra videatur feu viridis; alias ipfius aque corpus vel hoc vel illo colore non leviter tingatur. Forma limaci, motu hirudini fimilior eft cercaria. Cum huic, ut et aliis multis ani- malculis, fumma fit contra&ionis vis, hinc fit ut nunc. fere in orbem colligatur, nunc in diverflimos longitu- dinis gradus ad libitum extendatur. Motu incedit tar- diufculo; cumque natet penitus explicata, utraque ex- tremitas pellucida videtur, corpufque granulis. virenti- bus aut rubellis, pifcium ova non male referentibus, refertum. refertum. — Caput feu anterior pars obtufior, cauda au- tem acuta, apicem interdum leviffime bifurca; quod tamen vix ac ne vix conípici poffit. Cum in reliquis omnibus prorfus conveniant cercarie in tabula depictz, nifi quod he fint rubre, ille. virides, nolumus ob fo- lam colors differentiam vere difün&as pronunciare. Virides fzepifüme menfibus Maii et junii, interdum citius, mane plerumque et vefpere aquarum ftagnanti- um fuperficiem occupant, medio die fundum petentes. Rubre, que longe rariores, aquas nonnunquam quafi in fanguinem convertunt; narrantque auctores univer- fos populos hoc figno ingenti ftupore perculfos: quod íane vulgo facile condonari poflit ; caufam enim fepif- fime ignorent neceffe eft, cum ipfa animalcula fine microfcopii ope non nifi acutiffimo oculo confpici pof- fin. Vidi egomet non femel magnam paludem una nocte rubore obductam et fanguine veluti perfufam, cujus die proxime elapfo ne minimum erat veftigium. Notandum eft etiam eodem fere modo, licet minus, decolorari paludes a monoculo pulice Linnzi, nec-non a larva culicis communis, aliifque multis. Quid igitur mirum, anteactis temporibus, cum adhuc curta effet philofophia, vitrique optici ignoraretur ufus, fi homi- nes vani et meticulofi aquas fanguineum rubentes con- fpicati, Deos illico infeftos et prafens aliquod exitium pertimuerint? Immo narrat celeberrimus Swammer- damus totam Lugduni civitatem hac ipfa re fupra modum attonitam, aquis primo mane immenfo (ut poftea compertum eft) animalculorum agmine quafi cruentatis: nec dubitamus quin fpecies eadem fuerit cum hac noftra quam deícripfimus. Hoc preterea omine turbatos Romanorum animos, inter alia que Cefaris Caefaris fatum. aut preibant aut fequebantur portenta, memoravit Virgilius. TW "D ritibus aut extis fibrze apparere minaces, Aut puteis manare cruor ceflavit.” - «€ pec tempore eodem S London, P rd June 19792, ty S AG age voa Brewer Strect. THE CHANGEABLE CERCARIA. DEEPER EERE EPO GENERIC CHARACTER. Worm unobfervable by the naked eye, fomewhat pellucid, tailed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. GREEN CERCARIA, (fometimes red,) with cylindric mutable body, and flightly bifid pointed tail. The animalcule of which microfcopical figures, very highly magnified, are reprefented on the annexed plate, is amongft thofe legions of animated beings which, in the warmer months, contribute to people the generality of ftagnant waters; fometimes covering the whole furface with a continued fheet of a red or . green colour, and fometimes diffufing a ftrong tinge of thofe colours throughout the whole mafs or body of the water. The general fhape of this animalcule is not much unlike that of a flug, but its motions are more analogous to thofe of a leech. In its poftures it is infinitely variable, poffeffing, like many others of the animalcular animalcular tribe, the higheft degree of contractile power; in confequence of which it occafionally appears in all the various ftates of elongation and contraction reprefented in the plate; and not unfrequently reduces itfelf to a globular form. Its motions are rather flow than fwift, and when fwimming at full length it gene- rally appears tranf; arent at both extremities, while the body feems filled with a congeries of globules or grains of a green or” reddifh colour, and not ill refem- bling the fpawn of fifh. The head or fore-part is ob- tufe, but the tail or extremity is acute, and fometimes exhibits a flight appearance of bifurcation at the tip; but this is a particular which in general is fcarce to be perceived. The difference in colour between thefe animalcules feems hardly fufficient to juftify our regard- ing them as fpecifically diftinét; fince both the green and the red fort are fo perfectly alike in other refpects that no difference can be perceived between them. The green fort may be very frequently obferved in moft flagnant waters in the months of May and June, and fometimes much fooner, appearing commonly on the furface in the evening and early in the morning, and retiring towards the middle of the day to the bot- tom. The red variety is far lefs common, and the appearance which it fometimes exhibits is fuch as to alarm a fuperftitious mind with the idea of the water being tinged with blood: a panic of which numerous inftances have been adduced by authors; and which is the more excufeable in thofé who are ignorant of the caufe, as the animalcules are fo extremely minute as to be utterly imperceptible, (except to an uncommonly fharp fharp eye,) without the, affiftance of a glaífs; fo that even taking up the water and examining it affords to the vulgar no fatisfa&ory elucidation. I remember to have more than once obferved the whole furface of a large moat or pool completely covered in the fpace of a fingle night with this animalcule, when the day before there was not the leaft appearance of difcolora- tion in the water: the whole furface appeared as if covered with florid blood. It fhould, be obferved that feveral other fpecies of animalcules fometimes give the fame tinge to ftagnant waters, though in a far lefs ftriking degree: thus the monoculus pulex of Linnzus is frequently fo numerous as to redden the water: the larva of the common gnat has alfo been known to pro- duce a fimilar difcoloration. Thefe are appearances which in lefs enlightened ages, unaffifted by the microfcope, have fo often filled the minds of the people with the moft terrible appre- henfions, and have been regarded either as the pre- curfors of fome great calamity, or magnified into the immediate fymptoms of heavenly difpleafure. We are affured by the celebrated Swammerdam that the city of Leyden was in a ftate of confternation on difcover- ing one morning that the waters of that place were apparently changed into blood; which, upon accurate examination, was found to be owing to no other caufe than prodigious numbers of minute red animalcules, (in all probability of the very fame fpecies here repre- fented.) For the effe& which fuch appearances pro- duced on the minds of the ancients, it may be fufficient to recal to the recollection of the reader the words of Virgil, Virgil, who, in his terrific lift of prodigies which either preceded or accompanied the death of Julius, has not neglected to enumerate this phenomenon. ** nec tempore eodem ‘Triftibus aut extis fibrae apparere minaces, - Aut puteis manare cruor ceffavit." The trembling prieft o'er boding victims ftood, And wells, portentous omen! flow’d with blood. ANAS PLUTONIA. rd CHARACTER GENERIC US. Roftrum lamellofo-dentatum, convexum, obtufum. Lingua ciliata, obtuía, Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 194. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. ANAS NIGRA, remigibus albis. ANAS ATRATA? Lath. ind. orn. p. 834. Cum ipfa nive candidior fit cycnus communis, color- que ei. conftans femper fuerit et perpetuus, mirum for- taffe fonet populi auribus qui jam olim in proverbium abit cycnus niger. ‘Nemo tamen fanus unquam dubita- verit quin e numerofiffimo genere anatino exitare poffet alicubi in terris fpecies quzepiam diftincta, que forma licet modoque vivendi cycno candido fimillima, a na- tura tamen colorem prorfus contrarium fortita fit. Haec jam tandem comperta eft in Nova Hollandia infulifque adjacentibus, quamque tabula fideliter depictam often- dit. Si nigredinem excipias, convenit huic in reliquis fere omnibus cum cycno Europeo. Idem ei natanti decor, eadem nec ingrata fuperbia, variüque corporis E fitus, fitus. Tota avis, remigibus albis exceptis, coloris eft aterrimi. Roftrum amoeniffime rubrum, cute implumi, qua bafin cingit, fuper frontem late et ultra oculos ex- - currente. Apici mandibule fuperioris nigricanti prope adjacet macula flava. Crura nigra, pedes paulo pal- lidiores. ; Amiciffime nobifcum communicavit exemplum fide- liter depi€tum, unde figuram hanc noftram mutuati / fumus, Thomas Wilfon armiger, quod ei nuperrime miferat cum aliis multis hujufmodi cimelis Dominus White, Nove Hollandiz chirurgus pracipuus. P OR 2 LO 406 2 Lender Pub eo fale 1 794, ty FP Nodder A Nos Brewer cent. THE wR LACK SWAN. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill broad and flattened; the edges marked with fharp lamellz. Tongue broad and ciliated at the edges. | SPECIFIC CHARACTER. BLACK SWAN with white remiges. To vulgar ears a black fwan has the found of a miracle: but this arifes merely from annexing the pro- verbial name to the common fwan, fo emphatically dif- tinguifhed by its conftant fnowy plumage, from which it was never known to vary: but no one could ever rationally be fuppofed to call in queftion the poffible exiftence of fome diftin& fpecies of this numerous ge- nus, which, however nearly allied. in point of fize and habit to the common fwan, might yet be naturally black. In fact fuch a fpecies is now difcovered. It is a native of New Holland, and the neighbouring iflands, and is accurately reprefented on the plate annexed. In general.appearance it bears the moft ftriking refem- blance to the common fwan, and 1s remarkable for all thofe gracefully-varying attitudes which fo eminently Pex diftinguifh diftinguith the European fpecies. ‘The whole bird, except the long wing-feathers, which are white, is of the deepeft and fulleft black: the beak is of a fine red, and the fkin furrounding the bafe is continued high over the forehead and beyond the eyes: the tip of the upper mandible 1s blackifh, and near the tip is a fpot of yellow. ‘The legs are black; the feet fomewhat paler. The original drawing of this, moft curious bird, ac- curately taken from the life, and from which the pre- fent figure is copied, was obligingly communicated by Thomas Wilfon, Eíq. of Gower Street, to whom it was fent, together with many other non-defcript ani- mals, &c. by Mr. White, chief furgeon to the Englifh fettlement at New South Wales. ee tt MYRMECOPHAGA ACULEATA. eteteletetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetote CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes nulh. | Lingua teres, extenfilis. Os anguítatum in roftrum. Corpus (plerifque) pilis tectum. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. MYRMECOPHAGA ACULEATA, cauda bre- viílima. Digna eft que penitius examinetur hzc fpecies, non modo quod nova prorfus fit et adhuc inaudita, fed quod in ea infigne detur exemplum mire iftius gradationis qua genera diverfiffima interdum fibi invicem appro- pinquant. Vinculum videtur effe hec quo connec- tuntur genera fatis diftin&ta Hy/tricis et Myrmecopbage, cum enim huic fit facie veftituque fimilior, illius habet roftrum verofque characteres. Pedem circiter unum longa eft, quatenus a fpeciminibus adhuc vifis colligi poffit: deeft igitur figure noftre plufquam di- midia pars magnitudinis naturalis. "'otum corpus fu- perius cum cauda fpinis contegitur validis et longiori- bus, quales omnino funt hyftricis vulgaris, nifi. quod vice circulorum qui alternatim albi nigrique, plerum- que albeant, apicibus altius nigro tinctis, quodque albedo albedo a nigredine feparetur annulo parvo fordide aurantio. Alie vero {pine tote albent, fi excipias ex- tremitates leviffime nigricantes, Caput, crura, corpo- rifque partes inferiores e fufco nigricant, veftiunturque pilis feu fetis potius denfiffimis. Caudz brevioris api- cem denudate et paululum complanate fuperficies fu- perior fpinis contegitur perpendicularibus, illas faltem longitudine zquantibus quz in dorfo cernuntur. Rof- trum longum, nudum, nigrum, tubulatum, eodem modo formatum quo roftrum Myrmecopbage jubate, in apice ri&tum habet minimum, unde lingua lumbricifor- mis longe protruditur, qualis eft étiam Myrmecopha- garum. Nares parva, ad extremum roftri fite. Oculi minimi, nigri, iride cerulea. Crura breviffüma, craf- fifima, digitis quinque inftructa. Pedum anticorum digitis funt ungues quinque validiffimi, longi, obtufi- ufcull, nigricantes: pofticorum quatuor tantum (pollex enim czteris latior, ungue caret,) quique differunt inter fe: prior fcilicet eft longiffimus, paululum curva- tus, et acutus; fecundus paulo brevior, fed fimiliter formatus; reliqui duo multo breviores, aliquatulum curvi, et obtufiufculi. "Vivit proculdubio hzc fpecies more aliaum Myrmecophagarum, in tumulo enim quem congeflerant formice primo deprenfa eft, ideoque nomine Hwfricis formicarie difüncta. Ad nos a Nova Hollandia allata eft. - Cum nuperrime detectum fit hoc animal, neminem fcientia naturali vel leviter imbutum latere poffit minus quam antea convenire Linneanos characteres generi Myrmecophage. Cum igitur que in generibus Maas et Myrmecopbage continentur animalia veftitu folo diffe- rant, huic enim corpus fquamofum, illi pilofum; fatius forfan forfan foret duo hec genera conjungere, annumerata iis noviffima hac fpecie, et ex parte characterum dicere Corpus vel pilis vel fquamis vel aculeis vefitum : ni no- vum omnino genus infütuatur, a generibus Manis et Myrmecophage in hoc tantum difcrepans, quod nec Íquamis, nec pilis, fed aculeis contegatur. Lo THE PORCUPINE ANT-EATER. PEEP EEE EEE PETS GENERIC CHARACTER. Body (in moft fpecies) covered with hair. Snout tubular; mouth fmall; no teeth. Longue cylindric, long, extenfile. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. SPINY ANT-EATER with very fhort tail. This extraordinary animal may well be confidered amohgít the moft curious and interefting quadrupeds yet difcovered ; fince it is not only an abfolutely new and hitherto unknown fpecies, but is alfo a moft ftriking inftance of that beautiful gradation, fo frequently ob- ferved in the animal kingdom, by which creatures of one tribe or genus approach to thofe of a very different one. It forms a connecting link between the very dif- tant genera of Hyftrix and Myrmecophaga; having the external coating and general afpe& of the one, with the mouth and peculiar generic characters of the other. This animal, fo far as can be judged from the fpeci- mens hitherto obferved, 1s about a foot in length : the figure confequently reprefents it of nearly half the natu- ral fize. The whole upper parts of the body and tail are SS - - AES - T ARM = — ee SSS IL 222 Hie LLL pie eec eL = j TENE IL IIR PLA are thickly coated with ftrong, fharp fpines, of a con- fiderable length, and perfectly refembling thofe of the common porcupine, except that inftead of being an- nulated with feveral alternate rings of black and white, as in that animal, they are moftly white, with black tips, the colour running down to fome little diftance on the quill, and. being feparated from the white part by a circle of dull orange: others are entirely white, or at leaft have but a flight appearance of black towards the tips. The head, legs, and whole under parts of the - body are of a deep brown or fable, thickly coated with ftrong, clofe-fet, briftly hair. ‘The tail is fhort, bare, flightly flattened at the tip, and coated on the upper part of the bafe, with fpines at leaft equal 1n length to thofe of the back, and feated perpendicularly upwards. The fnout is long and tubular, and perfe&ly refembles in ftru&ure that of the Myrmecophaga jubata, or great ant-eater; having only a very {mall opening or ri&us at the tip, from whence is protruded a long lumbrici- form tongue, as in the ant-eaters. The noftrils are fmall, and feated near the extremity of the fnout. The eyes are very {mall, and black, with a pale-blue iris. The legs are very fhort and thick, and are each fur- nifhed with five rounded broad toes: on the fore feet are five very ftrong, long, and blunt claws, of a black colour; feated on each toe. On the hind-feet are only four claws, the thumb, which is broader than the reft of the toes, being deftitute of a claw. The firft claw on the hind-feet is extremely long, fomewhat curved, and fharp-pointed; the next rather fhorter, but of fimi- lar appearance; the two remaining ones far fhorter, very flightly curved, and not fharp- pointed. In In its mode of life this animal beyond a doubt re- fembles the Myrmecophage, having been found in the midft of an ant-hill; for which reafon it was named by its firft difcoverers the ant-eating porcupine. It is a native of New Holland. It cannot efcape the obfervation of every itk naturalift, that in confequence of the difcovery of this. curious animal, the Linnean character of the genus Myrmecophaga is in part rendered inapplicable. Since therefore the animals in the genera of Myrmecopbaga and Manis differ only in the external coating of the body, the former being covered with hair and the latter with fcales, it would perhaps be not improper to con- join the two genera, to add this as a new fpecies, and to give as part of the generic character Corpus pilis, fquamis, vel aculeis tectum. But if this be not done, it would perhaps he proper to make this animal conftitute a new genus, which would differ from the genera of Manis and Myrmecophaga in having the body coated with aculei, inftead of hair as in the Myrmecophaga, or of fcales as in the Manis. CICADA PLEBEIA. €—€————— "€ CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum inflexum. Antenne íetaceze. | Alg quatuor, membranacez, deflexe. Pedes (plerifque) faltatorii. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 7065. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Gc. CICADA fcutelli apice bidentato, elytris anafto- mofibus quatuor, lineifque fex ferrugineis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 707. Mouff. inf. 127. dr. inf. 307. Mattb. Diofc. 264. Cicada, quam fepiffime memorant poete antiqui, quamque communiter cum gryllo vulgari feu campeftri confundunt plerique interpretes, Europam incolit cali- diorem, in Italia et Grecia, ut plurimum reperta. Species notiffima, feu cicada plebeia Linnei quam de- pinximus, zftate calidiflima confpicitur, ramoque infi- dens per totum fere diem ftridulum canit et acutum. In Italia eft altera fpecies, (que cicada orni Linnzi) huic fimillima, fed minor. Majorum cicadarum varie : funt funt fpecies, adeo inter fe fimiles, ut revera licet di- ,verfe, eafdem tamen putarent incuriofi fpectatores. Omnes ab ovis originem ducunt, que deponunt pa- rentes in arborum radicibus juxta terram, quaeque in larvas excluduntur, a veteribus fcriptoribus Tettigome- trarum nomine diftin&as. Pera&o duorum annorum fpatio, exuvias ponunt larve, perfectumque nafcitur infectum. Figura tertia Tettigometram feu larvam cicade plebeie monftrat. Notandum eft in Britannia plurimas effe cicadarum fpecies; parvule tamen funt, nec vocem feu ftridorem notabilem emittunt. —— va BM Y ine etn uly Mage. lo Se PN adden " [2 i 271 iig Ais 4 Brewer Street H0 "-— | THE COMMON CICADA. stotetetetetotetetetetereteteteteletetereietetete GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak infle&ed. Antenne {etaceous. Wings four, membranaceous, deflected. Feet (in moft fpecies) formed for leaping. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. CICADA with the {cutellum bidentated at the tip, the elytrze marked with four anaftomofes and fix ferruginous lines. The Cicada, fo often commemorated by the ancient poets, and fo generally confounded by the major part of tranflators with the grafshopper, is a native of the warmer parts of Europe, and is particularly plentiful in Italy and Greece. The moft common fpecies, or cicada plebeia, here reprefented, appears in the hotter months of fummer, and continues its fhrill chirping during the greateft part of the day; fitting amongft the leaves of trees. In Italy there is another fpecies, (the cicada orni, Lin:) which bears a very great gene- ral refemblance to the former but is confiderably lefs : indeed amongft the larger cicadze there are feveral forts, which, ae which, though really diftinét, are yet fo very nearly al- lied to each other, as to be eafily regarded, on a curfory view, as the fame fpecies. All the cicade proceed from eggs, which are depofited by the parent infects in and about the roots of trees, near the ground : they hatch into larve, which, when grown to a certain fize, are the Tettigometre of the older writers. Thefe larvae, after having continued in this ftate two years, caft their fkins and produce the complete infe. Fig. 3. fhews the larva or Tettigometra of the cicada plebeia. I fhould obferve that in our own country we have feveral {pecies of this genus, which however are extremely {mall, and are not diftinguifhed by any found fufficient to excite attention. Pr. IN D E X. 86. MPHISB/ENA rofea. . Anas Plutonia. . Argonauta Argo. . Afterias Caput Medufz. . Cafuarius Auftralis. . Coluber naficornis. . Cercaria mutabilis. . Certhia Cardinalis. . Certhia coccinea. . Cicada plebeia. . Ifis Hippuris. . Ifis nobilis. . Lacerta varia. . Lacerta uniftriata. . Loxia Cardinalis. . Madrepora Fungites. . Mantis ftrumaria. . Merops fuperbus. - Monoculus Polyphemus. . Myrmecophaga aculeata. . Papilio Helena. . Papilio Ulyffes. . Phalangium cancroides. . Platalea Ajaja. . Pfittacus concinnus. . Pfittacus eximius. . Pfittacus pulchellus. . Ptinus fatidicus. . Rana cornuta. . Scarabzus Goliathus. . Scorpio Afer. . Silurus Callichthys. . Tetrao Porphyrio. . Trohcilus multicolor. . Tubipora mufica. . Xiphias platypterus. PI. 107. Spopedotedetotpotetotoletotototebedeototetotoltetetelopototetotototetoeototdetotetetetetotetetetetetetetetdotetltototdedeteterepetetetotetejeltetetetetetepoite fe) fo) I N D E X. 86. MPHISBANA rofe-coloured. . Afterias Medufa-Head. . Ant-Eater Porcupine. . Beetle fork-headed. . Bee-Eater fuperb. . Butterfly black-and-gold. . Butterfly radiated. . Caffowary Southern. Cercaria changeable. . Creeper fcarlet. . Creeper Cardinal. . Cicada common. . Coral common red. . Coral black-and-white. . Death-watch. . Frog horned. .. Grofsbeak Cardinal. . Humming-bird Harlequin. . Lizard fingle-ftriped. . Lizard variegated. . Mantis broad-breatted. . Madrepore Mufhroom. . Monoculus Indian. . Nautilus paper. . Parrakeet turcofine. . Parrakeet crimfon-fronted. . Parrot nonpareil. . Partridge violaceous. . Phalangium cancroid. . Scorpion African. . Silurus wandering. . Snake horn-nofe. . Spoon-bill rofe-coloured.. . Sword-Fifh broad-finned. . Swan black. . lubipore crimfon. ys ; vA Td & git a pa i v