Las een te i? ae Loa ay age aly fe of JA Zl \ » wet | y j VIRO CELEBERRIMO THOM#H PENNANT ARMIGERO, NATUR INDEFESSO INDAGATORI, CUJUS STUDIO ET ACUMINE PHYSICIS TUM EXTERIS TUM PR/ECIPUE NOSTRATIBUS PROVECTIOR, ORNATIOR, LOCUPLETIOR, TRADITA EST SCIENTIA, QUARTUM HUNC NATURE VIVARII FASCICULUM, DD GEORGIUS SHAW, FREDERICUS P. NODDER. i Cum yo & th p THOMAS PENNANT ESQUIRE, FROM WHOSE LITERARY LABOURS NATURAL HISTORY IN GENERAL, S THAT OF GREAT BRITAIN IN PARTICULAR, HAS RECEIVED SUCH AMPLE IMPROVEMENTS, THIS FOURTH VOLUME OF nee E NATURALIST’s MISCELLANY Is WITH MUCH RESPECT INSCRIBED, BY HIS MOST OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANTS, GEORGE SHAW, FREDERICK P. NODDER. $52 1789 T E" DIPRA PUÜNCTATA. 4 ^. Tg Ped terdp)piteteteletototopepetdetetetetPetet o CHARACTER GENERICUS. 3 o a gerrimum, apice incurvum. Pedes greflorii. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 338. | CHARACTER SPECIFIC US. PIPRA grifea, fufco undulata, vertice alifque ni- gris, albo punctatis, tectricibus caudze rubris. Femina? minus vivida, capite maculis flavefcentibus. Plura de hac avicula, quam plene defcribit character {pecificus, dicere fupervacaneum habui, nifi quod fpe- cies prius apud. nos incognita, a Nova Hollandia nu- perrime advenerit, De modo vivendi nihil eft quod proferre poffum ;. de hoc enim prorfus filetur. THE SPECKLED MANAKIN. otetotoootetoteieteteietotejeteteteteteootet co GENERIC CHARACTER. Bil thorter than the head, fomewhat trüüngular at the bafe, bent at the tip. Feet greflorial. - SPECIFIC CHARACTER. GREYISH-BROWN MANAKIN, undulated with dufky, the top of the head and the wings black fpeckled with white, the coverts of the tail red. Lhe fuppofed female is lefs vivid im colour, and tbe bead 1s fpotted with yellowi/p. Of this bird, which is fully defcribed by its fpecific character, it is unneceffary to fay more than that it is a new {pecies; having been lately received* from New Holland, but unaccompanied by any particulars rela- tive to its manner of life. 71 (OF ve, Pack cate n dé Mona ly vh o e. (a ^ i 21 , Vut lute f s 2 rene cfe fondo i cal fug Ts 79 ly I4 A s DAE X 7 Lt, f MEDUSA INFUNDIBULUM. Q3otetetetetetetetetet dottor PEED CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus gelatinofum, orbiculatum ideato ni de- depreffum. Os fubtus centrale. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. MEDUSA OVATA, coftis ciliatis novem. i Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 8152. VOLVOX BEROE. | Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1324. In Infule Jamaice hiftoria formofam hanc Medufz Ípeciem primus notaffe videtur Dominus Browne; cujus defcriptionem cum lectoribus lubentiffime communi- cavi. Forma eft ovata, obtufe actangula, cava, extremi- tate majore aperta, pellucida, fubftantia firma et gelata. Facillime fe contrahit et dilatat; inter natandum femper expanfa. Radii longitudinales validiores ad verticem, unde quafi a ftella pulchra et oblonga affürgunt, ad marginem fenfim attenuati. Singuli autem ferie ten- taculorum gracilium breviumque ornantur, que hinc inde inde ad arbitrium animalis a fummo ad imum celerrime moventur.. Membrorum mollium et tenellorum quafi undatim fe invicem affequi properantium incitati curfus, variique et fole repeicuffi colores nequeunt facile verbis exprimi. Circa infulas Jamaice occiduas frequenter {pectantur hzc animalia, raro tres pollices cum dimidio pollicis longitudine fuperantia, duofque vel duos cum dimidio in diametro. DI THE FUNNEL MEDUSA. HHH eeeileineieie GENERIC CHARACTER. Body gelatinous, orbicular, in moft fpecies de- preffed. Mouth beneath, central. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. OVATE MEDUSA with (commonly) nine cili- ated ribs. The elegant fpecies of Meduía here reprefented, appears to. have been firft obferved by Dr. Patrick Browne, who, in his Hiftory of Jamaica, has defcribed it in the following words : «* This beautiful creature is of an oval form, ob- tufely octangular, hollow, open at the larger extremity, tranfparent, and of a firm gelatinous confiftence. It contracts and widens with great facility, but is always open and expanded when it fwims or moves. The longitudinal radii are ftrongeft at the crown or fmaller extremity, where they rife from a very beautiful oblong ftar, and diminifh gradually from thence to the margin: _ but each of them is furnifhed with a fingle feries of fhort, delicate, flender appendixes or limbs, that move with with great celerity either the one way or the other, as the creature pleafes to dire& its flexions, and in a regu- lar accelerated fucceffion from the top to the margin. It is impoffible to exprefs the livelinefs of the motions of thefe delicate organs, or the beautiful variety of colours that rife from them while they play to and fro in the rays of the fun; nor is it eafy to exprefs the fpeed and regularity with which the motions fucceed each other from one end of the rays to the other." Thefe animals are frequently feen about the weftern iflands of Jamaica: they feldom exceed three inches and a half in length, or two and a half in the largeft tranfverfe diameter. PAPILIO NESTOR. Gptodetetetojoteleietotojeteletetetoletetetetejole ® * CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne apicem verfus craffiores, fzepius clavato- capitate, Ale (fedentis) erete furfumque conniventes. . (Folatu diurno.) Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 744- CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. PAPILIO alis dentatis fupra fufcis albo macu- laus difcoque czruleo, fubtus ocellis tribus quatuorque. - Fabr. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 24. PAPILIO alis dentatis: fupra fufcis maculis dif- coque czeruleis, fubtus ocellis tribus binifque. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 752. Eq. Achiv. Papilionem Achillem in hoc opere jam defcriptum magnitudine fere equat, forma eleganti fuperat Papilio Neftor. Alarum ore profunde denticulate funt, me- diaque pars, feu difcus es lucidiffime ceruleus; limbi autem autem funt nigri, maculis lunatis albis et cerulefcenti- bus, ut et figura demonftrat, notati. Americam Auf- tralem incolit papilio Neftor. Inferior fuperficies eft . fufca, maculas habens ocellatas, marginibus centrifque albidis. NEUE =< 3$ : M oor a 7 f dog "meo ua ge Ayre ‘ai gp y PSY? PLA PG : | , : á l- m ur rome. "77 NES TO R. €——————— E GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne or Horns thickening towards the upper part, and generally terminating in a knob, or club-fhaped tip. Wings (when fitting) ere&, and meeting upwards. (Fight diurnal.) | SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. BUTTERFLY with indented blackifh wings with bright-blue difk and white fpots; the under furface brown, with larger and fmaller ocellated fpots. Mer. Sur. t. 9. Cram, 2. t. 19. f. A. B. The Papilio Neftor is nearly equal in fize to the P: Achilles, which has already been figured in the pre- Íent work; but is more elegant in fhape, the wings being deeply indented or fcolloped round the edges. The chief or middle part of all the wings is of the richeft brilliant blue: the edges are black marked with lunated lunated fpots of white and blueifh, as reprefented in - the figure. It is a native of South America. The lower furface is brown, with fome ocellated fpots with whitifh margins and centres. | MOTACILLA HIRUNDINACEA. OPES CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum fabulatum, rectum: mandibulis fubz- qualibus. Nares obovatee Lingua lacero-emarginata. Lin. Sy. Nat. p. 328. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. MOTACILLA ? chalybeo- nigra, gula. pectore | criffoque phoeniceis, abdomine niveo faícia longitudinali nigra. Speciem hanc, Nove Hollandiz incolam, in An- gliam mon ita pridem illatam, ignoraffe videntur orni- thologi. Vultu eft paululum ambiguo, et dubitari forfan poffit an hirundini potius quam motacille fit fimilior. Cum vero prorfus fit impoffibile avis penitus nove (prefertim fi ipfum fpecimen vel tantillum lefum fit) verum et certum locum in fyftemate defignare ; no- men igitur triviale dedi, quod admoneat ulterius que- rendum effe, fi detur aliquando occafio accuratius ex- aminandi. — x B U4 eg ON THE SWALLOW WARBLER. SAH e GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fabulated (or owl-fhaped ;) ftrait; the man- dibles nearly equal. | | Nofirils nearly oval. Tongue jagged, or-lacerated towards the tip. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. BLACK WARBLER? with a glof of fteel-blue, throat breaft and vent crimfon, abdomen white with a longitudinal band of black. This is a fpecies hitherto unknown to ornithologitts : it is"an inhabitant of New Holland, and was very lately brought into this kingdom. — Its general appear- ance feems to be fomewhat doubtful, and it may be thought perhaps to make as near an approach to the genus Hirundo as to that of Motacilla. As it is impof- poffible, however, in new fpecies, efpecially when the fpecimens have received the fmalleft injury, to afcertain with perfect precifion their true place in fyftem, I have therefore therefore applied to this bird a trivial name which may ferve as a hint for farther inquiry, fhould opportunity offer, of examining the fpecies in a more accurate manner. GRYLLUS LAURIFOLIUS. ————— M CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput inflexum, maxillofum, palpis inftructurn. Antenne fetaceze, feu filiformes. Ale quatuor, deflexe, convolutz: inferiores pli- cate. : . Pedes poftici faltatorii. Ungues ubique bini — Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 693. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Se. | GRYLLUS:' thorace fubtetragono levi trilobo, alis lanceolatis elytro obtufiore longioribus. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 695. " LOCUSTA thorace tetragono ]avi, alis lanceo- latis elytro longioribus. | 4 Fob. Jpec. inf. 1. p. 356. | LOCUSTA maxima viridis, alis latiffimis, Sloan. jam. 2..p. 201. t. 236. f. 1. Nomen inde adeptum eft hoc infe&um quod alarum thece feu elytra Lauri folis fimillima fint. In generi- - bus Grylli et Mantis gos fpeciebus facies eft quafi foliata ; foliata; quod voluiffe quodammodo videtur Natura, ut in arborum coma verfantes ab avium aliorumque hofüum rapacitate fiant fecuriores. Reperitur hee ' grylli fpecies in America. | | MS nate n Ibo erre andes ga / Z^ A Ld P á Dv V ua B vesc Ste0el: THE BAY-LEAVED LOCUST. DEES HEE PEO GENERIC CHARACTER. Head inflected, armed with jaws, and furnifhed with palpi or feelers. Antenne either fetaceous or filiform. Wings four, deflected, convolute; the inferior ones plaited. ! Hind-feet formed for leaping. Claws on all the feet double. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. LOCUST with fmooth and fomewhat tetragonal thorax, and wings (commonly) rather longer | than the wing-fheaths. THE BAY-LEAVED LOCUST. This infect has obtained its name from the ftrong general refemblance which the upper or outer wings bear to the Ícaves of the Pay tree. Several fpecies in the genera of Gryllus and Mantis are highly remark- able for this leaf-like appearance, which feems in- tended in fome meafure as a fecurity to the animals a from from the attacks of birds and other creatures while feated amongft the foliage of the trees which they frequent. This fpecies 1s a native of many parts of America. TRIGLA CATAPHRACTA. Cototetotetetetetetetetepetetetetetetetetetetetei co CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput loricatum lineis fcabris. Membr: branch: radiis feptem. Digiti liberi ante pinnas pectorales. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. TRIGLA digitis: geminis, roftro furcato elongato, corpore octagono. | Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 496. 'TRIGLA cirris plurimis, corpore octagono. Art. gen. 40. fyn. 75. Pifcium loricatorum feu cafapbractorum, ut dicuntur, vix elegantior eft fpecies quam que in tabula depingi- tur. Unica eft e Triglis que hoc tegmine defenditur, cum reliquis omnibus hactenus cognitis fquamz par- vule obduéte fint. Caput mire conformatum : rof- tram enim late bifurcum, apicibus obtufis; quod vel folum hunc pifcem fatis diftinguat a Cotto cataphracto alifque nonnullis, cum quibus fortaffe eum fpectator Ege ^ C incuri- incuriofus, notifque que genus difcriminant parum - verfatus, poffet confundere. Color albido-fufco- pallet. Longa eft, ut plurimum, Trigla cataphra&ta circiter fex uncias. In mari nafcitur Mediterraneo. 9 PRY mmo) OF YD. & APP) ib tp hh “VP RYRTD Aepuaz- * e o SES T ANA in Ux 3i THE MAILED GURNARD. DEEPER EES GENERIC CHARACTER. Head covered with long plates. Brancbioflegous membrane with feven rays. Appendages fituated before the pectoral fins. \ \ SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. GURNARD with two pectoral appendages, elon- . gated forked {nout, and mailed body. THE MAILED GURNARD. Amongft the mailed or cataphracted fifh, the fpecies here reprefented is one of the moft elegant. It is the only fpecies of Trigla which is diftinguifhed by this peculiar kind of coating; all the others yet known be- ing covered with fmall fcales. The form of the head is fingular; the fnout or upper jaw being widely bifur- cated, with the divifions or proceffes obtufe. This - forked appearance of the head is alone fufficient to dif- . ünguifh this fifh from the Cottus cataphra&tus and fome others, with which an incurious {pectator, not attend- Ing ing to its generic characters, might perhaps be in dan- ger of confounding it. Its colour is a very pale whitifh "brown, and its ufual length about fix inches. It isa . Li . : native.of the Mediterranean fea. CRAX ALECTOR, «odototeletetotetetetepotepetetetertetetetetetet« o CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rofirum bafi cera obdu€tum in utraque mandibula. Penne caput tegentes revolute. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 269. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, ce CRAX cera flava, corpore nigro, ventre albo. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 269. _ GALLUS INDICUS. | Sloan. Fam. 9. p. 302. t. 260. MITUPORANGA. : Rai. Syn. p. 52. 6. Crax Ale&or e maximis eft gallinacei generis. In America Auftrali abundat, caroque ejus in deliciis ha- betur. Fit cicur nullo fere negotio. Coloribus non- nunquam variat. Femina fuíco-ferruginea eft. ROUEN ay WANG f It; -- PEE. ied TEM acm Loue I Ne Aus SS MARS ZA... oret. | ele len 4 Zt Y 16 po. Ly BA. (A MET NGS Prone Cree londan, Lucllesheed D) go us Vs THE COMMON CURASSOW. iotletotopotottotpetpetpotetetetatoteteto GENERIC GHARACTER. Bill on both mandibles covered with a cere, Feaibers on the head revolute. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. BLACK CURASSOW with yellow cere; the lower part of the abdomen white. LE HOCCO DE LA GUIANE. Briff. orn. 1. p. 298. pl. 29. MITUPORANGA. Will. orn. p. 161. pl. 28. The Crax Ale&or or black Curaffow is one of the largeft of the gallinaceous tribe. It is common in South America, where it is much efteemed as an article. - ef food. It is eafily domefticated, and is fometimes fubject to vary in colour. The female is of a ferrugi- nous brown, MADREPORA CEREBRUM.: itoptotetoteteqetetepetetetetertoteteteteteeo CHARACTER GENERICUS. Animal Medufa., Corallium cavitatibus lamellofo-ftellatis. Lin Syft. Nat. p 4 272. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. MADREPORA fübglobofa, anfractibus longifli- mis tortuofis, prominentiis plano-obtufis. MADREPORA compofita, labyrinthiformis he- - miüfphzerica, lamellis duplicato ordine integris obtufis, finubus zequalibus. Hort. Cliff. 489. MADREPORA MEANDRITES. Pall. el. xooph. p. 292. n. 171. CORALLIUM CEREBRI FACIE. Petiv. gaz. t. 68. n. 11. Varia eft hujus Madrepore magnitudo. Interdum paucas tantum uncias, interdum duos pedes diametro fuperat. Forma illi eft fere fpherica, perfe&ior tamen in certis fpeciminibus. Ob fimilitudinem quam habet | fuperficies fuperficies parti externz corticate feu cinericie (ut vo- catur) in quadrupedum cerebro, nomen illi inde com- mune Lapis cerebri inditum eft. Alia eft fpecies, huic de qua jam loquimur fimillma, quamque primo vifu eandem putares; et fane dubitari poffit fitne hujus vari- - etas; differt enim tantam in gyris promisentibus, qui compreffiores et acutiores, non complanati, Notandum - eft Madreporis rotundatis non raro ineffe duo vel tria foramina, diametri non exigue, ad cylindros in ipfo coralio terebratos ducentia. Non videntur hujufmodi foramina nature opus effe, fed aliorum animalium, Terebellarum nempe (ut vocantur) que corallium per- forant, interdumque in imis hilce tubis quafi in cubile jacentes reperiuntur. | A. MN iA De t , x Tib pt Mire lins ava * Hd TO eer pe oe lont p 2 ty hs ye T un zh eed! (ety E Pn THE BRAIN MADREPOR E. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal refembling a Medufa. Coral marked with lamellar ftriated cavities. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. NEARLY GLOBULAR MADREPORE, with _ very long tortuous undulations, the promi- nent ones terminating flattiíh. THE GREAT BRAIN-STONE. pc C C mc c! ccc cccccci The Madrepore reprefented on this plate is found of various fizes, from a few inches to upwards of two feet in diameter. Its form is nearly globular, but much more accurately fo in fome fpecimens than in others. From the general refemblance which the undulated fur- face bears to the cortical or exterior part of the brain in quadrupeds, it has obtained its common title of Brain-ftone. ‘There is another fpecies which in fize and general appearance fo very nearly refembles the pre- fent, that on a curfory view it would readily pafs for the fame; and indeed can fcarce be regarded in any other other light than that of a variety. ‘The difference con- fifts in the prominent undulations, which in that fpecies are of a mote compreffed form, fo as to rife with a fharp edge; not flattened as in the prefent fpecies. I fhould obferve that in the globular Madrepores are often, and indeed generaily, feen one or two or more round orifices of confiderable diameter, and which lead to cylindrical perforations in the body of the coral. Thefe holes do not feem fo much owing to the natural ftru&ure of the Madrepore itfelf, as to the operation of other animals, fuch as Terebelle, which are dud found imbedded in thefe tubes. ar | vie MANTIS SICCIFOLIA. pstetetotetetettetotetettettttdtdetpdlewtee CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput nutans maxillofum, palpis inftructum. Antenne (plerifque) fetaceze. Ale quatuor, membranacez, (plerifque) convo- lute ; inferiores plicatze. . Pedes aniict comprefii, fubtus ferrato-denticulati, armati ungue folitario et digito fetaceo laterali articulato. Poffici quatuor leves, greffori. Thorax linearis, elongatus, anguftatus. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 689. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. MANTIS thorace denticulato, femoribus ovatis membranaceis. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 689. Roef. inf. 2. t. 17. fig. 45. Edw. av. t. 258. Omnibus Mantin hanc obiter intuentibus, precipue fi alarum thece feu elytra claudantur, in mentem venit folii mortui exficcatique fimilitudo. Verifimile eft vive virefcere potius colores quam fubfufcari: quz tamen in . Europam illata funt fpecimina refpondent tabula. Cum D. E ei alarum inferiorum rudimenta tantum fint, non im- pofübile eft quin revera fit larva fpeciei cujufdam hac- tenus non plene cognite et defcripta ; ni potius e - numero fit illorum infectorum quz conftanti nature confilio alis carent, quorum multa funt non folum in claffe Hemiptera fed et Coleoptera; in certis fcilicet Gimi- _ cis, Garabi, aliorumque fpeciebus. THE DRY LEAF MANTIS. PEEP EEE EEE PEE EEO GENERIC CHARACTER. Head unfteady ; Mouth armed with jaws, and -furnifhed with palpi. Antenne fetaceous, (fome few fpecies excepted.) Wings four, membranaceous, in moft fpecies con- voluted: the lower ones (generally) plicated. Feet anterior comprefied, ferrated beneath, armed with a lateral folitary claw and jointed pro- cefs; pofferior four fmooth, formed for walk- ing. Thorax Gn moft fpecies) elongated and narrowed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. MANTIS with denticulated thorax and ovate. membranaceous thighs. THE WALKING LEAF, Edw, pl. 258. ‘The very remarkable fhape and colour of this in- fe& uniformly fuggeft the idea of a dried or withered leaf, which the animal, when its wings are clofed, fo much / much refembles, that, on a curfory view, it might eafily be miftaken for fuch. It is not improbable that in a recent ftate the colour may be rather green than brownifh : the fpecimens however which are brought into Europe are generally of the tinge reprefented in the plate. It is remarkable that this curious animal has merely the rudiments of under or lower wings. It is therefore not improbable that it may in reality be the larva of fome fpecies not yet fully defcribed ; or elfe that it isa fpecies which is naturally apterous; a cir- cumftance of which feveral inftances occur, not only in the clafs Hemiptera, but alfo in that of Coleoptera; as is fufficiently proved in fome fpecies of Cimex, Carabus, and others. | TANTALUS RUBER. EOE ERR PON EES CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rofirum longum, fubulatum, teretiufculum, fub- arcuatum. Facies ultra oculos nuda. Lingua brevis, lata. Saccus jugularis nudus. Nares ovatae. Pedes tetradactyli, bafi palmati. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 240. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. TANTALUS facie roftro pedibufque rubris, cor- - bere fanguineo, alarum apicibus nigris. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 241. NUMENIUS brafilienfis coccineus. Briff. av. 5. p. 344. t. 29. £. 1. 2. NUMENIUS RUBER. Catefb. Car. 1. p. 84. t. 84. NUMENIUS INDICUS. Clus. exot. 366. Avium nitidffimarum parens orbis occiduus paucas alit hac fplendidiores, cui totus veftitus, exceptis remi- gum longiorum apicibus, letiffime eft coccineus. Rof- E | trum trum pedefque pallentes rubent. — Varias licet Americe partes incolat, in auftralioribus tamen frequentior eft. Magnitudine Numenio communi fere zqualis eft, eo- : . demque propemodum utitur vivendi modo; AVE p DID Nov. tinge by Fe PNodder eG: Ms: Brewen oreet wu ‘THE JS a Rd EB Piet BUYS. Re Rae tonum susct GENERIC CHARACTER. — Bill long, thick at the bafe, incurvated. Face, and fometimes the whole head, naked. Nofiris linear. Tongue fhort. : Toes connected at the bafe by a membrane. vat Lath. Syn. 3. p. 104. £ SPECIFIC CHARACTER, €9c. . SCARLET IBIS with red beak and legs; the wings tipped with black. SCARLET IBIS. ba | | Lath. Synopf. 3. p. 106. RED CURLEW.- |. Catefo. Car. 1. p. 84. pl. 84. Amongft the brilliant birds of the weftern Continent few are more confpicuous than the prefent; the whole plumage of which, except the tips of the wings, is of the brighteft and moft vivid fcarlet. The bill and legs are of a pale red. It is found in many parts of Ame- rica, but is moft common in the fouthern | provinces. Its fize is nearly that of a Curlew, which it alfo refer bles in its manner of life. E 2 j E. M EOS GORDIUS AQUATICUS EE d CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus filiforme, aequale, leve. | Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1075. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, C9c. GORDIUS pallidus extremitatibus nigris. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1075. SETA, s. uoc aquaticus. Aldr. inf. 720. t. 765. GORDIUS SETA. Mull. hift. verm. 1. 2. p. 30. n. 161. SETA PALUSTRIS. Planc. conch. app. c. 22. t. 5. f. F. Vermis ifte, fete fimillimus, qui Gordius vocatur, in aquis mollibus et ftagnantibus precipue cernitur, idque - fere omni tempore, frequentius autem zftivo. Longus, ut plurimum, vix quatuor uncias, pertingit interdum ad quinque vel etiam fex. Color communis fufco-pallet, extremitatibus nigricantibus, vel faltem magis infufcatis reliquo corpore. Nomen Gordii, quod et generi com- mune, inde (UNE eft, quia contorquere fe et colligere foleat foleat quafi in nodum qui Gordiws nuncupatur. Cum diu manferit convolutus, iterum in priftinam longitu- dinem gradatim fe explicat. Interdum in aquis move- tur more hirudinis, fatis celeriter; alias cunétanter, grefluque quo nihil concipi poteft languidius. Nomen vulgare Hair-worm, non ob formam folummodo datum eft; fed quod eum revera ortum effe a feta que ab equo feu alio animali in aquas deciderat, olim credide- rit indoctum vulgus, etiamnum erroris tenax. Si Gor- dius digitum morfu leferit, paronychiam non raro ex- citare dicitur: idque in Suecia fubinde accidere a Lin- nao memoratur fide non modo rufticorum, fed experi- mento viri eruditi, nature et veritatis ftudiofiffimi. Poffum quoque egomet teftimonium proferre hominis fide digniffimi, qui mil retulit, Gordium, quem in- caute. nuda manu ex aquis eripuit, extremum fibi digitum vulneraffe, indeque exortam effe paronychiam. An infit morfui peculiaris quzdam irritatio, an ab alia qualibet punétura idem proveniret effe&us, vix aufim dicere. Piaculum foret, fi de Gordio locutus morbum nomine Vene Medineafis cognitum filerem, qui oritur a Gordii fpecie que in calidioribus mundi regionibus (cum adhuc forte parvula fit) fub cutim irrepere dicitur, ibique in magnam crefcere longitudinem, et difficillime extrahi, dolorem fummum moleftiamque excitans. Nec .pretereundum eft, gordii {pec iem, (ipfum fortaffe vul- garem dum adhuc junior) in anigsalibus variis preter omnem expectationem invenin; in fcarabeeis fcilicet, erucis, aliifque infectis. Immo memini meipfum in cerebro Lacerte aquatice Linnei Gordios adeo exiguos .Obfervaffe, ut cum microícopio acurate eos examinaf- fem, unciz millefimam partem vix fuperare viderentur. ! Vite Vite tenaciffimus eft Gordius vulgaris, et quamvis in aqua fervatus quafi mortuus multas horas jaceat, poftea tamen integrari videntur priftine vires. Notandum eft reperiri eum non modo in aqua fed interdum in ipfa terra; in hortis precipue poft pluviam, et in humo argillacea, in qua facillime et liberrime fe movere folet. THE COMMON GORDIUS, OR . HAIR-WORM. PIPE EEE POE EPO GENERIC CHARACTER. Body filiform, equal, fmooth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Se. PALE-BROWN GORDIUS with dark extre- mities. THE COMMON HAIR-WORM. The Gordius aquaticus or common Hair-Worm is principally an inhabitant of foft ftagnant waters, and may be found during the greateft part of the year, but - is moft plentiful in the fummer months. It grows to the length of five or fix inches, but is not very often feen of more than about four inches. Its moft general colour is a palifh brown, with the extremities blackifh, or at leaft darker than the other parts. It has obtained the generic name of Gordius, from its having a habit of fometimes twifting itfelf into fuch peculiar con- torfions as to refemble a complicated or Gordian knot. In this ftate it often continues for a confiderable fpace ; | and "op uA ua Fuga u a0, ^ vU? UOP UOT EPMA) Laat cA er 22 PS PAR Ap tatu, oy LOT 7A sei A ;EF and then flowly difengages itfelf, and extends its body at full length. Sometimes it moves in the water with a pretty quick undulating motion like that of a leech; and at other times in the floweft and moft languid man- ner imaginable. Its popular name | f Hair- Worm was not given it from its form alone, but from an idea that it was produced from the hair of horfes and other ani- mals which had been caft in the water: an opinion which is not even yet extinct amongft the vulgar. A remarkable cireumftance relative to this animal 1s, that its bite, which it fometimes inflicts on being taken out of the water, has been known to produce the complaint called a whitlow. This is mentioned by Linnzus as a popular idea in Sweden, and which had been confirmed by the experience of a perfon of high reputation. I can alfo add the teftimony of a gentleman of great ve- racity, who affured me that on having incautioufly taken a Gordius out of the water, he was bit by it on the tip of his finger, and that in confequence of the bite a whitlow foon took place. . Whether however there . be really any thing peculiarly irritating in the bite of this worm, or whether a fimilar puncture caufed by any other means might not produce the fame effect, I cannot take upon me to determine. It would be unpardonable on this fubject to omit obferving that the complaint called the Guinea- Worm, or Vena Medinenfis, which fometimes happens in the warmer regions, is owing to a fpecies of Gordius, which is faid to infinuate itfelf (probably when very fmall) un- der the fkin; where it grows to a great length ; is pro- ductive of very troublefome fymptoms, and is extremely difficult to extract. It is remarkable alfo that a fpecies of m of Gordius, perhaps the Gordius aquaticus in a. very young ftate, occurs not unfrequently in animals in which one would leaft expe& to find it; viz. in beetles of dif- ferent forts, in caterpillars, and other infects; and I once difcovered in the brain of the fmaller Water-Newt (La- certa aquatica. Lin.) a number of microfcopic Gordii fo extremely minute as not to exceed the thoufandth part of an inch in length. The gordius aquaticus is very tenacious of life, and after being kept a long time in a veffel of water, will fometimes appear perfectly motion- - lefs, and as if dead, for feveral hours; after which it will again affume its former vigour, and feem as heal- thy as at firft. It fhould alfo be. obferved that the Gordius is not unfrequently found in earth as well as in water; efpecially in garden-ground after rain; and ‘in clayey foils, in which it moves with great facility. te COLUBER CERASTES. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Scuta abdominalia. Squame fubcaudales. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 275. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, €9c- COLUBER cornutus fufco-ferrugineus, fcutis ab- dominalibus 150, {quamis fubcaudalibus 25. Bellon. jv S9. Ellis. acf. angl. 56. t. 14. Coluber Ceraftes, longus ut plurimum, pedem feu quindecim uncias, cornubus duobus incurvis fupra ocu- los fitis et antrorfum fpectantibus infignis eft: que licet nequaquam fimilia fint quadrupedum cornubus, nec vulnus poffint vel inferre vel defendere, augent tamen quodammodo odium quod contra totum genus ferpen- tinum plerique folemus concipere, ipfiufque animalis vultum maligniorem et truculentiorem reddunt. In Africa innafcitur Ceraftes, precipuamque fibi fedem delegit in defertis ficcis et arenofis. In /Egypto? com- ' munis eft, nec non in certis Nubie et Abyffiniz parti- bus. In Syria quoque et Arabia plurimus, Ad vipere | vulgaris vulgaris fimilitudinem non parum accedit Ceraftes ; ob morfum tamen magis.eft pertimefcendus, quippe non folum eos qui incaute illum proculcant vulnerat, verum etiam magno et repentino impetu in pratereuntes e lonzinquo infilit. In multis Africe regionibus, fi qua fides peregrinatoribus digniffimis, funt qui hos nec non alios venenatos ferpentes medicamentis pollentibus he- betatos poffunt fafcinare; quique rite parati nihil ab ilis metuunt, omnigena licet provocatione irritentur. Lubenter crederem ferpentes ita delenitos, telis vene- natis, dentibus fcilicet tubulatis prius fuiffe privatos, ni Brucio, cui in itineribus Africanis plurimz .oblatz funt occafiones veritatem eruendi, longe alia mens effet. ** Audacter poffum affirmare me in urbe Cairo vidiffe *€ (quod fane alicui in quotidianum datur confpectum,) ** errantem quendam ab avium conditarum coemeteriis, qui nudis manibus Ceraftem e plurimis in imo dolio, jacentibus fublatum capiti impofuit, pileoque com- /.f* muni rubro cooperuit; poftea in pectore fovit, et ** quafi monile circa collum ligavit. Simul ac vero [14 [11 ** galline admoveretur ipfiffimus hic ferpens, momordit ** eam, illaque cito periit. Tandem homo, ut faftigi- **.um operi imponeret, ferpentem collo prehenfum, a * cauda incipiens ftatim abíque ullo faftidii figno, ac ** fi quis daucum aut celeri devoravit." Addit Brucius omnes populos nigros in regno Sennaar perfe&e hoc modo contra Ceraftes armari, eofque non folum in pectoribus imponere, fed cum iis ludere, et in .fefe timoris et periculi expertes invicem conjicere, uti pueri poma. — PE ur nct A A 27 a A a SOL THÉ CERASWM' ES, OR HORNED VIPER. «ototetetetetetetetetetetet-dotetefeleetejetetele Se GENERIC CHARACTER. Tranfverfe Lamelle under the abdomen, Alternate Sca/es under the tail. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. FERRUGINOUS-BROWN HORNED VIPER with about 150 abdominal plates and 25 ios caudal {cales. Tur CERASTES, orn HORNED SNAKE. The Coluber Ceraftes, which commonly grows to the length of about a foot or fifteen inches, 1s diftinguifhed by a pair of horns or curved procefles, feated above the eyes and pointing forwards. ‘Thefe horns have no- thing analogous in their ftructure to the horns of qua- drupeds, and are by no-means to be confidered in, the light of either offenfive or defenfive weapons: they in- creafe however the natural antipathy fo generally felt Againft the ferpent iu and give the animal a more than than ordinary appearance of malignity. "This ferpent is a native of Africa, and is principally found in fandy deferts and dry places. In Egypt? it is common, as well as in fome particular parts of Nubia and Abyffinia. It alfo abounds in Syria and Arabia. It bears a very great analogy to the common viper: its bite is perhaps füll more to be dreaded, fince exclufive of the general danger in treading accidentally on one of thefe reptiles, and thus irritating it unawares, it poffeffes a propenfity of fpringing with great fuddennefs to a confiderable diftance, and affailing without provocation thofe who happen to approach it. In many parts of Africa, ac- cording to the teftimony of the moft refpectable travel- lers, there prevails a method of charming, as it were, or ftupifying thefe, as well as other poifonous ferpents, by the ufe of certain preparations of fuch powerful efficacy as effectually to fecure the perfon fo prepared from being in the leaft bitten by the animals, though oppreffed by every fpecies of irritation. A fufpicion might naturally arife that the ferpents thus treated had been firft deprived of their fangs, and confequentiy of their power of poifoning ; but that this is not the cafe, is exprefily declared by Mr. Bruce, who, during his African travels, had ample opportunities of witneffing thefe extraordinary experiments. On this fubjeét Mr... Bruce expreffes himfelf as follows : <¢ [ will not hefitate to aver, that I have feen at Cairo ** (and this may be feen daily, without trouble or ex- * pence) a man who came from above the catacombs * where the mummy-birds are kept, who has taken a ** Ceraftes with his naked hand from a number of * others lying at the bottom of the tub; has put it ** upon 6 a 66 [14 [14 €$ [13 [34 €€6 €6 66 upon his bare head, covered it with the common red cap he wears, then taken it out, put it in his breaft, and tied it about his neck like a necklace; after which it has been applied to a hen, and bit it, which has died in a few minutes: and to complete the ex- periment, the man has taken it by the neck, and beginning at his tail, has ate it, as one would doa carrot, or a ftock of celery, without any feeming repugnance." Mr. Bruce adds, that all the black people in the kingdom of Sennaar are perfectly armed in this manner againft the bite of the Ceraftes, and put them at any time into their bofoms, and throw them at one another _as children do apples, with the moft perfect impunity. DIDUS INEPTUS, SEO PERO EPP EE f CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum medio coarétatum rugis duabus tranf: verfis: utraque mandibula inflexo apice. Facies ultra oculos nuda. Lin. Syfl. Nat; p. 967; CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. DIDUS nigricans albido-nebulofus, pedibus tetra- dactylis.. " DIDUS INEPTUS. | | Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 267. GALLUS gallinaceus peregrinus. Clus. exot. QQ. t. 100. CYGNUS CUCULLATUS. Nüeremb. nat. 231. STRUTHIO CUCULLATUS. » Lin. Syf. Nat. X. p. 155. Si unico vero et genuino exemplari, quod ab ipfa vita delineari dicitur, undeque reliqua fere omnia adum- bratafunt, danda fit fides; hebetat vultum hujus avis tam plumbea ftupiditas, ut nomen inde triviale adepta F fits fit. Mole faltem zqualis effe dicitur cygno ; cujus ab eleganti forma in reliquis longe abhorret. Color gene- ralis niger eft; alarum autem pars media, abdomen, et in cauda plume aliquot fere albent. Roftri enormis maxilla fuperior prope apicem macula magna rubente diftinguitur, bafi feu lata parte longe fuper frontem retro excurrente, ut facies quafi cucullata videatur. Mirum eft, cum fcientie naturalis ftudio quotidianum fere nunc dierum fiat incrementum, deeffe vel unicum Ípecimen fingulàris iftius avis, que, quantum ipfe com- peri, rariffime in Europam illata eft ab anno 1598, quo tempore a parvula Mauritii infula Indica adveniffe di- citur. Deferipferunt eam plurimi auctores, Nierem- bergius fcilicet, Bontius, Clufiufque inter vetuftiores, et e recentioribus Buffonus, Edwardus, Briflonus, ali- ique. Pene tamen ignofceremus dubitantibus an revera extiterit, ni alitér teftarentur Herbertus aliique qui fe ipfam in natalibus regionibus fuis oculis confpexifle profitentur; ipfeque Willoughbeius fuum calculum ad- deret, qui afferit fe fpolia ejus in mufeo Joannis-Tra- defcanti vidifie. In Mufeo Britannico affervatur, quod plurimi auctores imitati funt, ipfum unde avis depicta eft archetypum. — Frumento vefci dicitur Didus, et in- genio effe manfueto. Sitne ad edendum utilis varie difputatur. - Alu durum et injucundum ducunt; alii contra dignum putant ut menfe apponatur; pe&us pre- cipue, quod, tcfte Bontio, tantum eft, ut horum tria quatuorve centum convivis fufficiant. Africa et Indie Orientalis infulas inhabitat. Denique, liceat fortaffe nobis conjicere annon Diome- dee exulantis Linnei nondum etate provecte infide de- lineationi Didus originem debeat.. Quod fi concedatur, certe certe manus pictoris nimium nimiumque oblita eft veri- tatis, que pedes Diomedeze pinnatos alafque ampliffi- mas et longiffimas neglexerit, ut taceam cetera, in quibus hz aves nullo. modo convenire queant. E con- trario tamen negari non poffit roftrum Diomedez roftro quod Didi putatur non multum "effe diffimile; et fi fpecimen Diomedez junioris examinemus cui color ad- huc imperfe&us, cujufque fuper alas ceterafque partes albedo cum nigredine commifcetur, praefertim fi avem torpidam et fubfidentem fingimus, quod interdum fit, non omnino impoffibile fatebimur quin a falfa aliqua hujufmodi reprefentatione Didus. originem duxerit. Charltonus in libro cui titulus Onomafticon Zoicon, aflerit roftrum cum capite Didi tunc temporis in Mufeo Re- galis Societatis Londinenfis fuiffe fervatum. Quod tamen ille roftrum Didi cenfuit nihil aliud fortaffe fuerit quam Diomedez roftrum. Res igitur non prorfus caret dubio, et optandum admodum eft ut avis ipfa vera et genuina, fi modo talis alicubi exftet, laudabili phyfico- rum hodiernorum diligentia in Europam tandem afpor- tetur. 123 xai STS AT —Loredor, Üben ee "a orga ty VAI oder I N95" eater operi: Ke v THE D O D O OPPS GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill large, bending inward in the middle of the upper mandible, marked with two oblique ribs, and much hooked at the end. Noffrils placed obliquely near the edge, in the middle of the bill. Legs fhort, thick, feathered a little below the knees. Toes three forward, one backward. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. BLACKISH DODO, clouded with whitith; with tetradactylous feet. THE DODO. Will. orn. p. 159. pl. 27. Edw. pl. 294. DOD-EERSEN, or VALGH-VOGEL. Herbert. trav. p. 382. pl. in p. 383. This bird, if we may depend on the fidelity of the only original figure, (which is faid to have been taken from the life, and from which almoft all authors have hitherto hitherto copied,) is diftinguifhed by an afpe&t of fuch confirmed ftupidity, as to have obtained the trivial name of ineptus. In fize it is faid at leaft to equal, if not exceed, a fwan, but in fhape and general appear- ance forms a ftriking contraft to that elegant bird. Its prevailing colour is black, but the middle of the wings, the belly, and fome of the tail feathers are white, or nearly fo. The beak, which is of a very fingular form, and of enormous fize, is diftinguifhed near the tip by a large red patch on the upper part; while the bafe or broad part runs far back over the front, fo as to give the face a fort of hooded appearance. It is aftonifhing that in the prefent improved ftate of natural hiftory, we fhould ftill be at a lofs for a fingle fpecimen of this extraordinary bird, which, fo far as I am able to dif- cover, has fcarce been imported into Europe fince the year 1598, nearly at which period it is faid to have been brought from the little ifland of Mauritius in the Eaft Indies. It has been defcribed by feveral authors, as Nieremberg, Bontius, and Clufius, amongft the older writers, and by the Count de Buffon, Edwards, Briffon, and others amongft the moderns. Were it not, how- ever, for the atteftations of Herbert and others, who profefs to have feen it in its native regions, together with that of Mr. Willoughby, who affures us that he | faw a fkin of it in the Mufeum of Sir John Trade/cant, we might be almoft inclined to call in queftion the ex- iftence of fo fingular an animal. "The original figure above mentioned, and which has been repeated by fo many authors, is preferved in the Britifh Mufeum. This bird is faid to be granivorous and of a gentle nature, With refpect to its merit as an article of food, the the opinion of authors feems to vary; fome reprefenting it as tough and unpleafant, while others confider it as by no means ill adapted for the table; efpecially the breaft, which, according to Bontius, is of fuch-a fize that three or four of them are enough for a very large company. It is an inhabitant of Africa and the Eaft- Indian iflands. After all, can it be poffible that an Albatrofs, (Dio- medea exulans Lin.) not fully grown, and inaccurately reprefented by a draughtíman, may have given rife to the fuppofed exiftence of the Dodo? If this be granted, we muft furely admit an uncommon degree of careleff- nefs in the painter, who could thus neglect to exprefs the webs on the feet of the Albatroís, as well as to reprefent the wings extremely large and long, inftead of fmall and fhort; together with other particulars in which the two birds can by no means be made to agree. Yet, on the other hand, it is undeniable that the gene- ral appearance of the beak of an Albatrofs is not greatly diffimilar to that of the fuppofed Dodo. And if we contemplate a young or half-grown fpeciaten of the great Albatrofs, before it has arrived at its proper colour, and while there is a mixture of black and white on the wings and other parts, and to this fuperadd the heavy and crouching pofture in which it fometimes ap- pears, it will perhaps feem not abfolutely impoffible that an erroneous fketch from fuch a bird may have ‘been the bafis on which the exiftence of the Dodo has hitherto ftood. Charleton in his Oxomafficon Zoicon, affirms that the bill and head of the Dodo were then in the Mufeum of the Royal Society. "This reputed bill of a Dodo may however have been | | . nothing nothing more than that of an Albatrofs. "The fubje& therefore may be ftill confidered as in fome degree doubtful, and it remains to wifh that the laudable zeal and fpirited exertions of modern naturalifts may. at length put an end to the uncestainty by importing the real bird into Europe, if it can be found to exift. de PENNATULA ARGENTEA, OPM EO CHARACTER GENERICUS. Flores Hydre, ad marginem denticulatum pin- narum. Stirps libera, fubulata, apice pinnata. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1321. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. PENNATULA penniformis lanceolata, ftirpe levi tereti, pinnis creberrimis imbricatis. PENNATULA lanceolata penne facie, ftirpe lavi tereti, pinnis creberrimis imbricatis den- tatis virgatis. Soland. et Ellis zooph. p. 67. n. 10. Inter maximas qua hactenus note funt Pennatulas habenda eft hec fpecies, nulli cedens pulchritudine : eft enim argenteo-alba, utrinque fuper partes expanfas feu penniformes lineis aterrimis eleganter ftriata. Ra- riffima eft, et maria incolit Indica. Delineata eft figura magnitudine naturali ab eximio fpecimine quod fuppe- ditavit Mufeum Britannicum, _ London, al lished eet eu FPN 6. 2 AA s WE Ed ier. Sire z Pu (E 2 5» QUSE CN: peor dli —! TLE THE SILVER SEA-PEN. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal free, or locomotive. Body (generally) expanding into proceffes on the upper part. Proce[fes or branches furnifhed with rows of tubu- lar denticles. - Polype-head proceeding from each tube. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. LANCEOLATE FEATHER-SHAPED PEN- NATULA, with: round ímooth ftem and thick-fet imbricated pinnules. SILVER. SEA-PEN. Elis. and Soland: zooph. p. 66. t; OP duae Of all the Pennatule yet known the prefent is one of the largeft as well as the moft fpecious in its appear- ance; being of a beautiful filvery white, elegantly ftri- ated on each of the feather-like proceffes with lines or ftreaks ftreaks of the deepeft black. It is extremely rare, and is a native of the Indian feas. The figure here given is copied from the very fine fpecimen in the Britifh Mu- Íeum, and reprefents the animal in its natural fize. 3 PAPILIO RIPHEUS. detetetetetetetetedeteteteletetetetetetetetetete o CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne apicem verfus craffiores, fzepius clavato- capitata. Ale fedentis erecta furfumque conniventes (vo- latu diurno.) Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 744. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. SPAPILIO alis fexdentato-caudatis nigris viridi fafciatis,. pofterioribus medio aureo-rubris ni- gro maculatis. PALILIO alis fexdentato-caudatis: nigris viridi fafciatis, pofterioribus fubtus macula ani fer- ruginea higro punctata. Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 2235. Fabr. mant. inf. 2. p. 6. n. 43. Cram. pap. 93. t. 985. f. A. B. Eq. Achiwv. d d Papilionem in hac tabula depinximus non modo ra- rifimum, fed etiam coloribus fplendiffimis omnibus fere fui generis antecellentem. Haud multis abhinc annis in Europa innotuit hzc fpecies in perpaucis mufeis vel | nunc nunc confpicienda. Indie Orientalis eft incola, et in China precipue invenitur. Papilioni Leilo Linnzi valde affinis eft tum forma tum coloribus; jactat tamen majorem elegantiam lautioremque varietatem. — Eruca, hujus papilionis parens adhuc incognita eft, verifimile autem eft eam eruce papilionis Leili a Domina Merian inter infecta Surinamenfia depi&te non abfimilem effe. E] x 2094 RT 77 ye E AYP OY "LE hy UL, 00 G5 P die a5 2 ^ D VNDE — RIPHEU SS, OR PALE: ORIENTAL EMPEROR. (——Ó ER GENERIC CHARACTER. The Antenne or Horns thickening towards the - upper part, and generally terminating in a knob, or club-fhaped tip. - | The Wings (when fitting). ere&, and meeting upwards. (Fight diurnal.) SPECIFIC CHARACTER. BLACK BUTTERFLY fafciatéd with golden- ereen ; the lower wings marked,in the mid- dle with a large patch of golden-red {potted with black, and furnifhed with fix elongated or fubcaudated proceffes. | Cram. pap. 33. t. 995: f. A. B. Drury. 2. pl: 23. f 1. 2. ? We have here reprefented a Papilio, which, exclu- five of the extreme rarity of the fpecies, may perhaps be pronounced the moft beautiful of that fplendid tribe. ]t is but a few years fince this gay infe& became known in Europe, and it is at prefent fo rare as to be found in very very few collections. It is an Eaft-Indian infect, but is principally found in China. It is very nearly allied both in fhape and general difpofition of colours to the - Papilio Leeilus; but is ftill more elegant, and difplays a much richer variety of tints. ^ The caterpillar of this butterfly is yet unknown; but it probably bears a near refemblance to that of Papilio Leilus, which has been figured amongft the Surinam infects by Madam Merian. PICUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS, «b4ototetstetetotetetetetetepetetetetetetetetetete o, CHARACTER GENERICUS. | Roftrum polyedrum, re&um : apice cuneato. Nares pennis fetaceis recumbentibus obtecte. Lingua teres, lumbriciformis, longiffima, mucro- nata, apice retrorfum aculeata fetis, - Pedes {canfori. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 173. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Cc. PICUS capite toto rubro, alis caudaque nigris, abdomine albo. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 174. PICUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS VIRGINIEN- SIS. Briff. av. 4. p. 53. n. 19. t. 3. £. 1. Notiffima eft hec pici fpecies per omnem fere Sep- tentrionalem Americam, habeturque arvis et pomariis inimicifima, zezque et fructibus magnam ftragem in- ferre. Elegans eft, fi quae alia, et concinna. Caput collumque lztiffime phoenicea. Cetera avis nigrat quafi polita non fine nitore quodam czruleo; fi ex- cipias pe&us, abdomen, uropygium, remigefque fe- : G cundarios, cundarios, que | omnia nivea funt, {capis eorundem remigum nigris. Roftrum pedefque faturatim plumbea. Mas et feemina valde inter fe fimiles: foeminz tamen caput minus rubet, immo interdum fere fufcum. Mag- nitudine prope equalis eft. hzc fpecies pico maculato majori Anglico, qui picus major Linnei. Vv Aoniton, Sublihed fan. EN 105793. by FP Nodder ee? AY, 4S Brewer Street~ ———— ~ THE RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill angular, ftrait,.cuneated at the tip. Nofrils covered with reflected briftly feathers. —— Tongue cylindric, worm-fhaped, very long, fharp- pointed, and (generally) aculeated at the tip with reflex briftles. Feet formed for climbing, viz. two toes forward and two backward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Se. BLACK WOODPECKER with the head and neck crimfon; breaft, abdomen, and fhorter wing-feathers white. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. Catefb. car. 1. pl. 2 The fpecies of Woodpecker here figured is extremely common in moft parts of North America, and is con- fidered as a moft deftructive enemy to plantations and orchards, devouring great quantities of maize and fruit. It is a bird of fingular beauty and neatnefs of appear- ance, The head and neck are of the richeft crimfon : the reft of the bird of a deep polifhed black, with à blueifh blueifh glofs, except the breaft, belly, rump, and fhorter feathers of the wings, which are {now-white. The fhafts of the white wing-feathers are black. "The beak and legs are of a deep lead-colour. The male and female greatly refemble each other, but the head of the female is lefs rich in colour, and fometimes even _brownith. The fize of this fpecies is nearly that of the greater {potted Englifh Woodpecker, or Picus Mgjor of Linnzus. RANA ARBOREA. OPM HEE uot CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus tetrapodum, nudum, ecaudatum. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 354. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, C9c. RANA corpore levi: fubtus punétis contiguis tuberculato, pedibus fiffis, unguibus orbicu- lato-dilatatis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 357. RANUNCULUS VIRIDIS. Ge/fn. pifc. 808. RANA ARBOREA S. RANUNCULUS VIRI- DIS. Raj. quadr. 251. In Anglia licet ignoretur bella hec et parvula rane fpecies, Galliz tamen, Germanie, multifque Europzis regionibus communis eft. Inter arborum folia preci- pue verfatur, quorum, ut plurimum, pagine inferiori folet adharere; pedibus ad hoc ipfum mire formatis, cum fcilicet fingulus digitus in orbiculum depreffum definat ; ita ut rana a glabra quavis fuperficie fatis fe- cura í cura poffit pendere. Nafcitur, ut et reliquum genus, primo gyrinus: foemine enim, ut ova deponant, arbo- res deferunt, et aquas petunt; quo tempore mas fac- cum feu globum magnum e gula protrudit, alias vix et ne vix vifibilem. | FN : London, Published fon A 9d be FR Mor AD Brewer Street, THE TREE FROG. dosototopotetetetoopepotetotepotetotototetetetoteco GENERIC CHARACTER. Body four-footed, naked, tailed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Se. GREEN FROG, with unwebbed feet and or- bicular flattened toes. THE TREE FROG. oe The beautiful little fpecies of frog here reprefented is not uncommon in many parts of Europe, as France, Germany, &c. but is not found in England. It refides amongft the foliage of trees, and generally adheres to the under fide of the leaves, the ftructure of the feet being finely adapted for this power; each toe termi- nating in an orbicular flattened procefs, by means of which the animal can apply itfelf with perfe& fecurity to the fmootheft furface. Like others of its genus, it is firft produced in the ftate of a tadpole; the females during the breeding feafon leaving the trees, and be-: taking themfelves to the water, in order to depofit their fpawn. The male during that period has a large in- flated gular pouch or globe, which at other times is . fcarce ever vifible. | LATCUASRI USO nia: A TES «ptetetotetoteteteotodoteoioteteteteteteteteted CHARACTER GENERICUS. Pedes o&o. Oculi duo ad latera capitis. Tentacula duo articulata, pediformia. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1022. © CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Gc. ACARUS ORBICULATUS PLANIUSCULUS, aureo-maculatus, fupra excavato- NL DN abdomine fubcrenato. ACARUS IGUANJE? T Fabr. fbec. inf. 2. p. 485. Spargi videtur genus Acari per totum orbem, conti- netque proculdubio multas fpecies adhuc incognitas, quarum plurime ob parvitatem non nifi Lynceo oculo poflunt difcerni. Sunt tamen nonnulle fpecies que ceteras adeo mole fuperant ut facile etiam modico in- tervallo percipi poffint; e. g.“Acarus Ricinus Linnzi in canibus frequenter confpeétus, Acarus columbarum in columbis, et acarus qui ob vividum ruborem et fu- perficiem lanuginofam holofericus dicitur. Licet di- ftinguantur plerique forma fingulari potius quam pul- chritudine, chritudine, fpeciem tamen exoticam excipiamus neceffe eft quam oftendit tabula non tantum magnitudine natu- rali, fed et microfcopio auctam : notas enim gerit hec non vulgaris fplendoris ; maculas fcilicet tres in corpore fuperiori, et interdum plures, colore quodam metallico velut aurato, qui fplendor precipue notabilis, fi im- merfum fuerit infectum in liquore qui vulgo dicitur /piri- tus vini. Color imus fufco-virefcens, pallet, punctulis minimis nigris corpori impreffis. Abdominis margo leviffime crenata ferie macularurh nigrarum. — Caput magna ex parte conformatum eft eodem fere modo quo acari columbini, cui in hoc auratus valde videtur afhi- nis; ope nempe roftri, cujus fuperficies inferior preci- pue ferrata, uncis retro fpe&antibus, animali quod vex- are cupit arctifime adherens. Summa autem eft fimili- tudo inter hanc fpeciem et Acarum Iguane Fabricii, quem memorat ille detectum effe mordicus affixum fac- culo gulari Lacerte Iguane Linnzi, que poftea in fpiritu vini affervabatur. Simili modo auratus fe affigit Colubro Naja Linnzi, cujus fpecimina eodem liquore condita remanent. Verifimile eft fpeciem effe novam, nifi potius varietatem effe Acari Iguane de quo jam diximus, Memorat Seba ferpentes interdum acaris in- feftari, fed, quod vitium erat fui temporis, laxe et am- bigue loquens, non acaros fed pediculos eos vocat. ——. tonden Published danti art, ly Fh Mataler, BR Mug Brewer Street, 420 bx cs THE GOLD-SPOTTED ACARUS. DEE EEE EES GENERIC CHARACTER. Fight Legs. Two Eyes, fituated on the fides of the head. Two Tentacula, jointed, and fhaped like feet. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ORBICULAR FLATTISH ACARUS, with gold-coloured fpots; the body marked above by numerous impreffed points; the abdomen fubcrenated. The genus Acarus, which feems to be diffufed throughout all parts of the world, and of which a great many fpecies muft doubtlefs remain ftill undifcovered, is, in general, diftinguifhed by the extraordinary mi- nutenefs of its appearance; feveral kinds being fcarce vifible without clofe infpection, and eafily efcaping the notice of a common eye. Some fpecies however fo far exceed the reft of the genus in fize as to be fufficiently confpicuous even at a moderate diftance; for inftance, the Acarus Ricinus or common tick, fo frequently feen on dogs; the Acarus columbarum, not lefs plentiful on pigeons and fome other animals; and the Acarus holoferi- ceus or velvet mite, fo remarkable for its bright fcarlet colourand downy furface. In general the Acari are much more more diftinguifhed by the fingularity than the beauty of their appearance. The very curious exotic fpecies here figured, both in its natural fize and magnified by the microfcope, is an exception to this general rule, and is adorned with marks of no inconfiderable fplendor; the: upper part of the body being furnifhed with three and fometimes more large fpots of a golden tinge, accom- panied by a metallic luftre. This appearance is how- ever moft confpicuous while the animal is immerfed in {pirits of wine. The general colour of this fpecies is a pale greenifh-brown, variegated with minute fpecks of black, forming fo many impreffed fpots on the furface of the body. The edge of the abdomen is very flightly notched or indented by a row of marks of the fame . colour. In the general form of the apparatus at the head, this fpecies bears a moft ftriking affinity to the pigeon-tick or Acarus columbarum, being furnifhed like that animal, with a ferrated fnout, the proceffes of which lying on the under furface, and pointing back- wards, enable it to adhere with great firmnefs to the fkin of the creature it infefts, ‘The fpecies to which it bears the greateft refemblance is the Acarus Iguanz of Fabricius, which is by that author commemorated as having been found ftrongly affixed to the gular pouch of the Lacerta Iguana of Linnzus preferved in fpirits. The prefent fpecies is found adhering in the fame man- ner to fpecimens preferved in fpirits of the Coluber Naja or Cobra de Capello. It is moft probably a new fpecies, unlefs it fhould be regarded as a variety of the A. Iguane of Fabricius. The circumftance of fnakes being fometimes infefted by Acari is mentioned by Seba, who, in the ufual inaccurate ftyle of his time, gives them the title of Pedicult. cbt ete Ge 1.9 A 5,P LDA, AERE aoe "CHARACTER GENERICUS. | Roftrum trigonum, craffum, rectum, longum. | Lingua carnofa, breviffima, plana, acuta. Pedes greííorn pleri/que. | tUi: : Lin. Syfl. Nat. p« 178. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Se. ALCEDO BRACHYURA, fupra cyanea, fubtus fulva, loris rufis. - a Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 179. ALCEDO BRACHY URA SUBCRISTATA CJERULEA, fubtus rufa, loris fulvis, ver- | tice nigro undulato, macula aurium gulaque albis. | Lath. ind. ort. p. 252. ALCYON. | 4 | Gefn. av. 95. ASPIDA. ju - Gefn. av. 571. Will. orn. 101. — Non modo avium Britannicarum fed et Europearum. nitidiffima eft et lautiffima Alcedo Ifpida, exceptis Lin- nel eae Garrula memepet tue Apiaftro, quas neutras genuit . ee genuit Britannia, bate licet advenam ad nos fariffimus cafus appulerit. Cum p íciculis vefcatur Alcedo, rivos ideo et loca impertubata querit, folitudinis et filentii cupida; quam ob caufam melancholiz fymbolum ha- betur, exemplumque egregiae pulchritudinis protervos oculos fedulo evitantis, cuique non male convenit cele- berrimi poete votum ** Flümina amem fylvafque." Turbata motu fertur celerrimo vix' ac ne vix hofti- zontem füperans, coloremque adeo vividum in tranfitu oftentat, ut alis papilionis Menelai fere equalem diceres. Interdum fufpenfa füper aquas alis expanfis rapideque vibfatis more Nifi confpicitur, fulgores ja&ans tunc temporis praeter folitum fj plendidos. Inter ripas fluvio- rum, interdum etiam aquarum flagnantium, in forami- nibus alte effoflis nidificat, ova deponens quinque, fep- tem, vel etiam novem, Inter marem et féminam fete ambigua eft fimilitudo. Alcedo plerumque vera Hal- cyon creditur, quam nidum fluitantem conftruere puta- bant veteres; qui in hoc fortaffe errarunt, quod nidum Colymbi alicujus pro nido Halcyonis habuerint. Co- lymborum enim certz fpecies nidos fluitantes e plantis aquaticis revera contexunt, qui juxta riparum aggeres inter arundines laxius fiti, fuper aquas nonnunquam a :jpa huc illuc feruntur. — GERE E ba COMMON KINGFISHER. OPERE HEP EH HM GENERIC CHARAETER. Bill trigonal, thick, ftrait, long, tharp-pointed. Tohgueflethy, very fhort, Mat, fharp-pointed. Feet (in mott fpecies) greflorial, 7.2. three toes forward and one backward, and the three lower joints of the middle toe clofely jointed to thofe of the outmoft. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Gc. SHORT-TAILED KINGFISHER, blue above, -fülvous beneath, with rufous lores and ie auricular fpot. THE COMMON KINGFISHER. Lath. Syn. 1. p. 626. Will, orn..146. LE MARTIN-PECHEUR. d Buff. oif. 7. p. 164. Pi. enl. Zo. dcr i $5 : "The Alcedo Ifpida or-common Kingfiher is by far the moft brilliant of the Britifh birds: indeed no other bird of Europe can equal it in livelinefs of colours ex- yao Ia cept cept the Roller, (Coracias Garrula. Lin.) and the Bee- Eater, (Merops Apiafter. Lin.) neither of which are natives of Britain, though the former has fometimes been feen as an accidental ftrageler. ‘The Kingfifher is a bird of a retired and folitary difpofition, and as from , the nature of its food, (which confifts entirely of fmall fifh,) it is moft commonly found near ftreams and un- frequented places, it has therefore been fixed upon as an emblem of melancholy, and an example of dazzling beauty, in a ftate of voluntary retirement. “ Flumina amem fylvafque" feems to be its motto, and it is rarely feen except in fuch fituations. If difturbed, it darts along in a rapid horizontal motion, and difplays a tran- fitory glance of colour which is almoft equal in luftre to the wings of the Papilio Menelaus. Sometimes it may be feen fufpended over the ftream in the manner of a hawk, and rapidly vibrating its expanded wings, when its colour is ftill more beautifully confpicuous. The Kingffher builds in deep holes in the banks of rivers, and fometimes of ftagnant waters... It lays from five to feven or even nine eggs. The male and female bear an extreme refemblance to each other. The King- fifher is generally fuppofed to be the true Halcyon of the ancients, which was believed to build a floating neft. In order to accoünt for this erroneous idea,. we need only fuppofe that the nefts of fome of the Colymbi or Grebes were miftaken for thofe of the Halcyon: fome of the Colymbi do really build floating nefts of aquatic plants, &c., which though placed amongtt the reeds contiguous to the banks, are yet fo loofe as oc- cafionally to be carried to fome little diftance on the furface of the water. - ' GYMNOTUS E LECTRICUS. ——— TA CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput operculis làteralibus. Tentacula duo ad labium fuperius. Ocul: cute communi tecti. Membrana Branchioftega radiis quinque. Corpus compreffum, fubtus pinna carinatum. _ Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 14.4. CHARACTER SPECIFIC US, C9c. GYMNOTUS NUDUS, dorfo apterygio, pinna caudali obtufiffima. anali annexa. | Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 144. GYMNOTUS CAUDA TRUNCATA, maxilla inferiore longiore. F Gron. zooph. 168. GYMNOTUS NIGRICANS, cauda curta obtufa. - Seb. muf. 3. p. 108. t. 34. f. 6. - Bloch. aufl. Fifcb. 2. p. 49. t. 150. "Vim illam ele&ricam quam pro arbitrio emittere po- teft Torpedo, quamque illi procul-dubio ad repellendas injurias dedit Natura, admirati funt antiqui fimul ac recentiores recentiores. phyfici. Tata Torpedine, ictum. illico. vio- lentum fentit hoftis, probaturque ab experimentis, iifque precipue Domini Walfh in A&is Anglicis, hunc ictum vere et omnino effe eleétricum, nullo modo diverfum ab illo qui a machina deducitur; poffeque cum pluri- mis, fi conjuncte fint manus, eodem temporis puncto communicari. Pifcis vero quem nune defcribere pergi- mus, vel ipfam Torpedinem vi fua electrica longe an- tecellit: quos enim in fluviis fuis natalibus fanus valent- que tetigerit, non folum motu fenfuque per breve ali- quod tempus privat ; fed fertur infuper illos qui parum faufte in iifdem aquis nataverint, ab immodico ejus im- petu fubito percitos interdum periffe. Mira hac facul- tate vitam fuftentat Gymnotus ; pifcefque, feu alia ani- malia prope ludentia que ta&u fuo obtorpuerit, corripit ftatim devoratque tyrannus ille quarum electricus. Pau- cis abhinc annis viva horum piícium fpecimina in Ang- liam illata funt, et Londini aliifque locis publice fpec- tabantur. Vultu eft Gymnotus tetrico et injucundo, primoque intuitu anguillam magnam quodammodo re- prefentat, Corpus fuum vel contrahere poteft vel pro- ducere; fibras nempe aliquot mufculofas conftringendo feu remittendo, Colore nigricat. Caput illi eft craffum,. corpore paulo latius, depreffiufque, feu complanatum. Oculi valde exigui; Os magnum: utrifque maxillis infunt dentes parvi, acuti, numercíiffimi, Circa caput, precipue finciput, varia funt foramina. "Totum anis mal muco lubrico, muco anguille non abfimili tegitur. Squame illi vifibiles nulle funt; detegi tamen fortaffe poffent, fi cutis exficcata et expanfa effet, more cutis anguille. Alli funt hujus generis pifces, qui tamen Gymnoto electrico adeo funt abfimiles ut, excepto charactere \ charactere generico, cum illo nequaquam conveniant, omnique vi electrica penitus carent. Americam Auf- tralem incolit Gymnotus electricus, precipue autem in Rivo Surinam in Guiana invenitur. L30 P4 c P Mole NGS 7, aise DU -—— THE ELECTRICAL GYMNOTUS. i I i qe ANAND CHARACTER. Head farnithed with lateral opercula. ‘Two. Tentacula at the upper lip. ‘Eyes covered by a fkin. Branchioftegous Membrane with five rays. A Se ee and carinated by a fin beneath. nce dt CHARACTER, Se. BLACKISH GYMNOTUS, without dorfal fin; the caudal, fin extremely obtufe and jointed to the anal one. THE ELECTRICAL EEL, The power with which Nature has armed the Tor- pedo, is füch as to have rendered it the wonder of the ancient as well as the modern world. This power con- fifts in a natural electricity, which is exerted. at the pleafure of the animal, in fuch a manner as to preferve it in great meafure fecure from all attacks of other creatures; fince no fooner is it touched than a very . ftrong electric fhock is inftantly felt by the invader. That That it is a real electric fhock, not differing from that Which is received from an electrical machine, has been | clearly proved by repeated experiments ; particularly by thofe of Mr. Walth, related in the Philofophical Tranfactions ; from. which it appears that the fhock is communicated at the fame inftant to a number of per- fons joining hands. The fifh however which we now proceed to defcribe, is pofleffed of a much greater fhare of natural electricity than the Torpedo: fo power- ful is the fhock which this fith, in its native rivers, and in full vigour, is capable of infli€ting, that it is faid to deprive almoft entirely of fenfe and motion for fome minutes, fuch as are expofed to its approach, and that, in confequence of this violent exertion of its ele&ricity, it has fometimes proved fatal to fuch as have incau- tioufly ventured to fwim in the fame water. It is by the power of electricity that the Gymnotus fupports its exiftence: whatever fmaller fifh or other animals happen to approach it are inftantly ftupefied, and fall | _ an eafy prey to the electrical tyrant. Some years ago fome of theíe curious fifh were brought alive from Surinam into this kingdom, and were publickly exhibited at London and elfewhere. It is a fith of a difagreeable appearance, and on a curfory view is not much unlike a large eel. ts colour is blackifh, and it has a power of fhortening at pleafure - the length of its body, by the contraction of its mufcu- lar fibres, and again relaxing : and extending itfelf to its former length. The head is fhort, fomewhat broader han the body, and a little depreffed or flattened : the eyes are very mall; the mouth large, and both jaws are furnifhed with a great many very {mall fharp teeth. About About the head, efpecially on the fore-part, feveral foramina or pores appear. The whole animal is coated With a fort of mucus, not unlike that of an eel. The Gymnotus 1s deftitute of apparent fcales; but the pro- bability is that in a dried fkin prepared in the manner of an eel-fkin the fcales might be found. There are fome other fpecies of Gymnoti, which differ very much in their appearance from this: they have-no electric power, and are only approximated to this fpecies by their generic character. The Gymnotus electricus is a native of South Ame- rica, and is principally found in the river Surinam in the province Guiana. dL Us (Ya EU Lat E (0 y i ' ; DA . at] I SCARABJEUS MIDAS. ootetototoletetetoteteteitotejedteintetideiet o CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne clavatze capitulo fiffili. Tibie antica fzpius dentata. Lim Syft. Nat. p. 541. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. SCARABZEUS exfícutellatus, thorace tricorni, clypeo finuato bicorni. Fab. Syft. Ent. p. 21. —— Spec. mf. p. 24. Gmel. Syfl. Nat. p. 1534. Varium adeo et multiforme eft totum fcarabeorum genus, cornuum partiumque prominentiorum tanta eff et fere incredibilis diverfitas, ut in iis generandis pene lufiffe naturam putemus. Quod fi majoribus animalibus mole zquales effent {carabzi, ipfa poetarum et pictorum monftra, quibus qualibet audendi fingendique poteftas, a revera exiftentibus vincerentur. Aliis caput tantum cornuturm eft, aliis tantum thorax, aliis tum caput tum thorax. Inter rariffimas vero fimul ac maxime fingu- lares fpecies eminet {carabeeus ifte in tabula, qui Ame- - ricam incolit; precipue Auftralem? Color eft aterri- mus: mus: «córpris infériora, prefértim verfus pe&tus'et in- fitiones crurum tomento obfcure ferrugineo veftiuntur. Elytra feu alarum “theca exteriores ftriis paucis longitu- dinalibus notantur. Perpulchrum rari hujus infecti fpe- cimen in Mufeo Levetiano confpicitur. í Deae pe prie WM I ago: iB " Lon aor a aoa Pobap t 92 p TELA EE LA ON Brewer Forces. m. (Ow. THE MIDAS BEETLE. HIE OREN EE REO GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne divided at the tip or head into feveral la- mella. Tibie, or fecond joints of the fore-legs generally toothed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. -NON-SCUTELLATED BEETLE, with broad - treble-horned thorax and double horned finu- ated clypeus. In the beetle tribe we are prefented with a wonderful, and, as it were, almoft capricious diverfity of form. Every variation of horn and procefs that imagination «an conceive being exemplified in the different fpecies of this extenfive genus; and if their fize approached to that of the larger animals, even the monfters of romance would be exceeded by the realities of nature. In fome the head alone is horned, in others the thorax: only ; and in others both head and thorax are furnifhed with thefe appendages. Amonft the rareft, as well as the moft fingular fpecies, may be reckoned the beetle here here reprefented, which is,a native of America, and particularly of South America? Its colour is a deep | black; but the under parts, efpecially toward the breaft and the infertions of the legs, are coated with a dark ferruginous down. The Elytra or wing-fheaths are marked by a few longitudinal ftrig. A very fine fpeci- men of this rare infect is to be found in the Leverian’ Mufeum. PSITTACUS MELANOPTERUS. pHoleltottbidettsettdebebp e CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rofirum aduncum : mandibula fuperiore mobili i cera inftructa. Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, integra. Pedes {canforii. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &e. PSIT'TACUS pallide viridis, dorfo alifque nigris, remigibus fecundaris luteis apice ceruleis, rectricibus purpureis fafcia nigra. Lath. ind. orn. p. 132. PSITTACUS pallde viridis, dorfo, te&ricibus alarum, cauda fafcia remigibufque primariis nigris, fecundariis flavefcentibus czruleo- punctatis. Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 350. Pfittacus Melanopterus, coloribus elegantiffimis uber- rime ornatus, infulam Javam inhabitat, in Batavia pre- cipue confpectus. In tabula exprimitur avis magnitu- dine prope naturali. In mufeis rariffima eft hac fpecies. Specimen ipfiffimum, unde hec noftra figura depicta eft, in Mufeo Britannico affervatur. K THE BLACK-WINGED PARRAKEET. DEI EEE POOPED GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Noftrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flefhy, broad, blunt at the end. - Legs fhort. Toes formed for climbing, viz. two forward and two backward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Se. PALE-GREEN PARRAKEET, with black back and wings; the fecondary wing-feathers yel- low tipped witb blue; the tail lilac- ‘coloured and crofled by a black bar. PERRUCHE à ailes variées. - bin 6. p. 172. PETITE PERRUCHE de Batavia. mu Penh. OL. Ets "The Pfittacus melanopterus, fo remarkable for the elegance of its colours, 1s a native of the ifland of Java, and is found at Batavia. ‘The plate reprefents it nearly of its natural fize. It is a fpecies very rarely feen in collections. The beautiful fpecimen from which this figure was executed is in the Britifh Mufeum. | [274 PY PYLE FF iy ata utiles o » Wii? (ddl BALZNA MYSTICETUS. : | "€——— CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentium \oco in maxilla fuperiore laminze cornez. Fiftula duplex. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 105: CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &e. BAL /ENA naribus flexuofis in medio capite, dorfo impinni. Lin, Syft. Nat. p. 105. BALZENA dorfo impinni, fiftula in medio BB dorfo caudam verfus carinato. Gron. zooph. 139. BAL/ENA vulgaris edentula, dorfo non pinnato. | Ray. pifc. p. 16. & 6. BAL/ENA vera Rondeletii, e? Balzena Rondeletii, Gefneri et aliorum. Will. pife. p. 38. DM Licet ob formz externe fimilitudinem et vitam zequoream videatur fortaffe inter pifces et animalia ce- tarla commune efle quoddam cognationis vinculum, revera tamen mammalia aquatica habenda funt. Utcun- | K 2 que jue enim corporis figura, quodque pedibus carere pu- tentur, a reliquis quadrupedibus primo vifu longe dif- crepent, funt tamen ijs revera pedes, quamvis non extrinfecus vifibiles; cum habeant pinnze duz anteriores offa us analoga quibus infiruuntur pedes antici cztero- rum quadrupedum, quibus vero poftici, ea contineant duz pofteriores, que in cauda quafi coadunatz pinnam unicam horizontalem videntur efficere. Similis quoque eft partium internarum conformatio ac in aliis mamma- lius, pulmonum fcilicet, inteftinorum, &c. Tepet preterea fanguis, ut in illis, feminzque pullos lacte alunt. Tanta eft in omnibus cetariis characterum gene- ralium fimilitudo, ut in uno genere fere reponi poffent. Ut vero fpecies facilius dignofcerentur, Linneo et om- nibus fere phyficis recentioribus placuit illa in quatuor genera dividere, quz notis fecundaris, fitu nempe dentium, fiftularum in capite, alüfque fignis diftingu- untur, quz vocantur Monxodon, Balena, Phyfeter, Del- phiaus. Horum in precipuis Balena et Phyfetere con- tinentur fpecies maxime. Omnium princeps eft Balzna Myfticetus, quo fane majus monftrum nec mare nec tellus generat, ni verum fit quod de Krakene narratur. Antequam numerum redegiffet balenarum, quem jam optime callent feptentrionales populi, capiendi modus, confpecti fzepius funt Myfticeti longitudine centum pe- dum. Raro nunc dierum videntur qui pedes fexaginta fuperant. Myfticeto vix excogitari poffit aliud animal rudius et informius. Conftat enim fere tertia pars e capite. Os monftrofe amplum. Lingua interdum pedes octodecim feu viginti longa. Oculi pro corpore minu- üffimi. In maxilla fuperiore fite funt numerofifime lamine cornez ferie zequali difpofite, que vulgo os cetaceum eetaceum vocantur. Per fiftulam, quz duplex in fum- mo capite, quafi columnam aque in altum affurgentem incredibili vi eructat. Color communis eft hvide al- bido-cinereus, dorfo pinnifque obfcurioribus ct fere fub- nigricantibus. Variat autem ut et alia pleraque ani- malia, colore plus minufve faturato. Habitat ut plu- rimum, in maribus feptentrionalibus, ibique arte om- . nigena in ejus perniciem confpiratur: in merce enim eft oleumrcetarium. Victitat precipue Medufis, Sepiis, aliifque ejufmodi. Dolendum eft poetas, utcunque legentium animos fuavitate dele&ent, et percellant fublimitate, in defcri- bendis iis quz ad hiftoriam naturalem fpectant epitheta adeo infcite feligere, ut ipfam rei de qua canunt imagi- nem fzpius a vero detorqueant. -Hoc nullibi mani- feftius quam in defcriptione illa, grandi certe et mag- -nifica, que apud. Miltonum legitur balenz dormientis, cui tamen adjungitur epitheton falfum omnino et incon- gruum. ** horrida ponti Bellua, qua flu&us inter mirabile Monftrum Navigat, zquorezeque exultat maxima gentis. Olim hzc noctivagz rectori vifa biremis, Norvegii falis in fpuma dum forte quiefcit,. (Sic perhibent nautz) vaíta infula creditur, amplo. Immenfum porrecta finu ; latus anchora prenfat Squamofum, et tuta fruitur ftatione Magifter, Dum pontum obvelant tenebrz, luxque alma moratur." Parad. amifs. lat. reddit. a Dosnsow. Nulli autem in toto genere contingunt Íquamz. At fi forte me putet aliquis hypercriticum, et voluiffe Mil- tonum baleznam non vere fquamiferam, fed fuperficiem tantum tantum habentem rudem et fcabrofam, qualis fcilicet eft cortex arboris, huic opinioni invitus affentiar: quod: enim illum 1n errorem duxerit non e longinquo peten- dum, figura nempe in Gefneri operibus, que praviffime efücta quafi magnis fquamis veftita videtur, cuique preterea infcribitur «€ Naute in dorfo Cetorum, que infulas putant, anchoras figentes, fepe periclitantur.” Vix poffit dubitari quin poeta noftras celeberrimus, qui multifaria imbutus fcientia, librorum quafi gurges erat et helluo, Gefneri fcriptis, grandi tunc temporis fcientize naturalis thefauro, optime effet veríatus, quodque ba- lena imago quam ibi viderat altius in animo inheferat. 7 ££? tubo mta Pp, "xe "yet LE 2 Ay eg pano peyepgap epo THE MYSTICETUS, OR GREAT NORTHERN WHALE. goed ea Sanaa cues GENERIC CHARACTER. No Teeth, inftead of which are fituated horny laminze in the upper jaw. A double P7//ula or fpiracle on the top of the head. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, (Sc. TOOTHLESS WHALE, blackifh above, white below, without dorfal fin. Tur COMMON or GREENLAND WHALE. Tur COMMON WHALE. Pennant. Arct. Zool. fup. 101. n. 5. Tur WHALEBONE WHALE. Phil. trauf. abr. 7. p. 424. The cetaceous animals, however nearly approximated to fifhes by external form and refidence in the waters, are in reality to be confidered as aquatic quadrupeds : for though from their general Mihepe and feeming want of of feet they appear at firft view widely removed from the reft of the Mammalia, yet thefe parts really exift, though not outwardly vifible; the two anterior fins be- ing furnifhed with bones like the feet of other quadru- peds, and the two pofterior ones (which from their fituation, appear to form but one horizontal caudal fin,) containing the analogous bones of the two hind feet. All the internal parts of this tribe of animals are like- wife formed on the fame plan as in other Mammalia: having fimilar lungs, inteftines, &c. They have alfa warm blood, and the females, like other quadrupeds, fuckle their young. The general characters of all the Cetacea are fo fimilar, that, in an enlarged view, they might all form one great genus; but as this perhaps would not facilitate the diftinction of the feveral fpecies, Linnzus and moft other modern naturalifts have agreed in dividing the cetaceous animals into different genera, difünguifhed by fecondary characters, as the fituation of the teeth and of the fpouting-hole or fiftula on the. head. This diftribution admits of four diftin& genera, viz. Monodon, Balena, Phyfeter, Delpbinus. Of thefe the genera of Balzna and Phyfeter are the two principal, - and contain the largeft animals. The Balena Myftice- tus, or great northern Whale, is as it were the chief of the whole tribe, and (unlefs the Kraken be not a fa- bulous exiftence,) is the largeft of all known animals either of land or fea. Before the northern whale-fifhe- ries had reduced the number of this fpecies, it was no. very uncommon circumftance to find fpecimens of an hundred feet in length. Thefe are now rarely feen, and it is not often that they are found of more than fixty feet, In In its general fhape and appearance this animal is peculiarly uncouth; the head conftituting nearly a third of the whole mafs. The mouth is of prodigious ampli- tude; the tongue fometimes meafuring eighteen or twenty feet in length. The eyes moft difproportionably {mall. In the upper jaw is a vaft number of very long horny lamine difpofed in regular feries: thefe are po- pularly known by the name of whale-bone. On the top of the head is a double fiftula or fpout-hole, through which the enormous animal difcharges the water at in- tervals, caufing the appearance of a marine jet d’eau afcending to a great height in the air. The general co- lour of this fpecies is a pale whitifh afh, deeper on the back and fins, (where indeed it is nearly blackifh.) Like moft other animals, however, it varies in intenfity of colour. Its general refidence is in the northern feas, where it has long conftituted the principal trade of the whale or oil fifhery. Its food confifts chiefly of diffe- rent fpecies of Sepie, Medufe, &c. It is to be lamented that in the poetical defcriptions of various flriking fcenes in natural hiftory, the epithets by which many objects are diftinguifhed are, for want of due knowledge of the fubje&, improperly chofen, and utterly inconfonant with the character of the things intended; by which means the defcription, however beautiful in point of language, fails in point of accu- racy. ‘Thisis no where more ftrikingly illuftrated than in the auguft lines of Milton, in which the defcription of a fleeping whale is injured by an epithet of all others the leaft according with the nature of the animal. ——————— € that fcaticaft Leviathan, which God of all his works Created Created hugeft that fwim th’ ocean ftreara : Him, haply flumb’ring on the Norway foam, The pilot of fome fmall night-founder'd fkiff Deeming fome ifland, oft, as feamen tell, With fixed anchor in his fcaly rind, Moors by his fide under the lee, while night Invefts the fea, and wifhed morn delays." None of the cetaceous tribe are furnifhed with fcales, or any thing analogous to them. It muft be acknow- ledged however that this obfervation may appear in no {mall degree hypercritical, and that Milton by the ex- preffion of /caly rind might only mean rough or fcaly in _ the fame fenfe that thofe epithets are applied to the bark of a tree, or any irregular furface. ‘There can be little doubt however that real and proper fcales were intended by the poet; nor is it difficult to difcover the particu- lar circumftance which imprefled Milton with this erro- neous idea, viz. a figure in the works of Gefner, fo injudicioufly expreffed as to appear on a curfory view as if coated with large fcales, with a veflel near it with harpooners, &c. over which is the obfervation of failors often miftaking a whale for an ifland, and thus endan- gering themfelves by attempting to anchor on it. As the general learning and extenfive reading of our great poet are fo well known, it can hardly be doubted that he was converfant with the writings of Gefner, whofe work was then the great depofitory of natural knowledge, and that the figure and defcription there given left a lafting impreffion on his mind. CERAMBYX LONGIMANUS. DEERE EEE EEE EE CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne attenuate. Thorax {pinofus aut gibbus. Elytra linearia. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 621. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &e. CERAMBYX thorace. fpinis mobilibus, elytris bafi unidentatis apiceque bidentatis, antennis longis. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 621. SCARABZEUS CAPRICORNUS maximus ni- gricans, fafciis elytrorum coccineis et flavis. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 209. Merian Surin. t. 28: ^dubeni, PL. Enl, 64. £.3. Cum ad genus Cerambyx, quo nefcio an ullum aliud contineant Coleoptera mirabilius, numerofifime refe- rantur fpecies; perpaucz tamen funt que longimanum vel magnitudine vel colorum pulchritudine poffunt fu- perare. In tabula depingitur hoc infe&um magnitudine naturali. Americe Auftralis eft incola. Elytrorum color color primarius eft fufcus, feu potius nigricans, ftriis maculifque fubflavis et aurantiis, et in nonnullis {peci- minibus, fubrubris interftin&tus. Caput etiam cum tho- race fimili modo variatur; cruraque eodem colore faf- ciata. Elytrorum fuperficies propius confpeca villo feu tomento breviffimo veftitur. Speciem hanc przci- pue difünguunt crura antica ultra folitum producta ; quz tamen longiora funt mari quam femine. Ceram- byces, ut et alia Coleoptera, ab ovis oriuntur, larva- rumque mutationes fubeunt, que plerumque albo-fla- vefcunt, et in putridis arborum truncis potiffimum degunt. Sa T ame nma Sy e aperire ye dg nt png Pye ay. pg e rer E b (y by THE LONG-LEGGED CERAMBYKX, d GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne attenuated. Thorax either fpinous or gibbous. Elytra linear, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. BLACKISH CERAMBYKX with elytra fafciated with red and yellow, with very long fore- legs and antenne. | NOCOONACA. i Grew. muf. p. 163. t. 19. L'ARLEQUIN pz CAYENNE. PI. enl. 64. f. 1. The genus Cerambyx, one of the moft curious in the whole tribe of coleopterous infects, contains a pro- _ digious number of fpecies; many of which are ex- tremely remarkable for the fingularity of their appear- ance, "There are however few which can exceed in this refpe& the fpecies here reprefented, which is alfo one of the largeft of the genus, and is highly diftinguithed by by the beauty of its colours. The figure fhews it of its natural fize. It is a native of South America: the ground-colour of the elytra or wing-cafes is a brownifh black, varied with ftreaks and markings of pale yellow and orange, which in fome fpecimens approaches to red. The head and thorax of the infect are alfo marked in . the fame manner, and the legs are croffed by a band of — the fame colours. The furface of the wing-cafes, when narrowly viewed, is of a velvetty appearance, or coated with a fine upright villus. This fpecies is principally diftinguifhed by the great length of the fore-legs, which are ftill longer in the male infect than the female. The Cerambyces, like other infects of the beetle-tribe, pro- ceed from eggs, and pafs through the ftate of larve, which are generally of a yellowifh white colour, and principally refide in the decayed parts of trees. AMPELIS GARRULUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum xe&um, convexum: Mandibula fuperiore longiore, fubincurvata, utrinque emarginata. Lingua acuta, cartilaginea, bifida. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 297. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, C3c. . AMPELIS occipite criftato, remigibus fecundartis apice membranaceo colorato. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 297. GARRULUS BOHEMICUS. Gefn. av. 703. Will. orn. 9o. t. 20. LANIUS GARRULUS. Fn. Suec. 2. n. 82. Frequens licet reperiatur bella hzc avis in variis Europe temperatioris partibus, nos non nifi fortuita advena invifit, idque precipue fi hyems fuerit frigidior. Ingenio eft vivido admodum alacrique, et ut taceam inufitatam forme elegantiam, nota fibi fere peculiari diftinguitur, cui fimile vix in alia ave Europea poffit jog Hes obíervari, " obfervari, remigum nempe fecundariorum appendici- bus, que cornez, plane, oblonga, lucide, et ruber- rime. Colores femine languidiores. Magnitudine alaudam communem paulo fuperat Ampelis Garrulus, et fru&ibus baccifque pracipue vefcitur. ' 435 THE BOHEMIAN CHATTERER. PIPES GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill trait, a little convex above, and bending to- wards the point; near the end of the upper mandible a fmall notch on each fide. | Noftrils hid in briftles. Middle Toe clofely connected at the bafe to the outmoft, Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. CRESTED CHATTERER, with the fecondary wing-feathers tipped by horny red appen- dages. THE BOHEMIAN CHATTERER.. Will. ora. p. 132. pl. 20. THE SILK-TAIL. : Ray. Syn. p. 85. A. THE WAXEN CHATTERER. : Br. Zool. No. 112. pl. 48. This beautiful bird, though common in many of the temperate parts of Europe, is but an occafional vifi- tant in our own country, into which it fometimes mi- hp: grates, grates, particularly during a fevere winter. It is of a moft lively and. active difpofition, and is diftinguifhed, exclufive of the general elegance of its form, by a par- — ticularity fcarce to. be obferved in any other European bird, viz. the extraordinary formation of the fhorter — or fecondary wing-feathers, which aré tipped by ob- long, flat, horny appendages of a lucid furface and of a bright vermilion-colour. The colours of the female are lefs brilliant than: thofe of the male. Its fize is fomewhat larger than that of alark. This fpacias feeds | principally on dus and berries. L.P-MbyROX OAT E OR. 4Hltopteltetetoteteletotetettetetdetetetet o CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus oblongum, repens; fupra clypeo carnofo ; fubtus Difco. longitudinali plano. | Foramen laterale dextrum pro genitalibus et excte- . mentis. Lentacula quatuor, fupra os. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1081: - CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &e; LIMAX ATERRIMUS fubtus pallidus. LIMAX ATER. Lift. Angl. 131. LIMAX tota nigra. | ; | "Aldr. inf. 702. COCHLEA NUDA 3 tota nigra. Gefn. aquat. 954. LIMAX, ATER. ias 3 | Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 1081. “LIMA X MAXIMUS. C»ttetottdttettutottpottetetteltellet e o | CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Fe, LIMAX CINEREUS atro maculatus. LIMAX MAXIMUS cinereus ftriatus. Lift. anat. t. 3. £. 6—A40. |. LIMAX MAXIMUS. | | Lin, Syft. Nat. p. 1081. LIMAX CINEREUS. f. Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 3100. Nudum 2 Nudum eft genus Limax caretque tefta. De hoc differere fupervacaneum fortaffe nonnullis videatur, quippe quod vulgatifümum non poffit ignorari. Dig- niffimum tamen eft genus quod fpeciatim defcribatur, cum exítet exemplum generale feu archetypum unde omnes fere teftarum univalvium incole formantur; quorum nonnulli adeo Limaci fimiles, ut primo vifu in hoc tantum differre videantur quod fe ad libitum intra teftam pofünt fubducere. Exemplo fit genus Helix di&um, in quo nempe continentur Helices vulgares teftaceze. | Quinimo relique univalves (exceptis paucis - que infigniter difcrepant) ad genus Limax plus minus appropinquant. Specierum Britannicarum notiores funt Limax ater, et Limax maximus: quorum prior ater- rimo colore facillime diftinguitur, in pratis et pafcuis fzepiffime repertus; alter rarior, fufco-pallens, non fine maculis ftriifque inequalibus nigerrimis, in fylvis pre- cipue confpicitur, nec raro in hortis vere et autumno : in domos etiam irrepit. Convenit utrifque de victu, foliis fcilicet et radicibus plantarum. Limax maculatus, (ut et alii nonnulli) acaris minimis fuper corpus tur- matim difcurrentibus, et in ipfum etiam foramen late- rale thoracis irrepentibus fepiffime folet infeftari. Vetat tamen torpidum ingenium, aut mucus quo obducitur corpus, ut figna det moleftie et perturbationis, vel exeuntibus acaris, vel intrantibus. 7 amr ud Ld NN. 4 aS AW Lol Y "enn TRS WM Tz aae oe end age SASS CON Mw " d IT [n SA eme SS S SEEN ANS SN Ves AM OV e NS COO MSN 72227 ty d o TA MG Nis Bora deret. A INE THE BLACK LIMAX. PEEP EEE OEE EP PEE EEE EEO J GENERIC CHARACTER. Body oblong; Thorax convex or fhielded above, flat beneath ; with a Foramen on the right fide. Four Tentacula, fituated above the indonh. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Gc. JET-BLACK LIMAX, pale beneath. THE BLACK SLUG. THE COMMON BLACK SNAIL. bok. qug SPOTTED LIMAX. cosolotototoqetototetotgootototetetetetejotte o SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. GREYISH LIMAX, fpotted with black. THE GREAT SPOTTED SLUG. THE SPOTTED WOOD-SNAIL. THE SPOTTED HOUSE- SLUG, or CEL- LAR-SNAIL. - "The genus Limax or Slug, confifts of the naked or fhell-lefs Snails. As thefe animals are fo very common, it might feem almoft unneceffary to introduce them into - into a work like the prefent. The genus however is in reality of very great importance, fince it ftands, as it were, the general archetype or pattern on which the animals of almoft all the univalve fhells are formed: indeed fo very nearly are fome of them allied to this genus, that they feem, on a curfory view, to differ in {carce any other circumiftance than that of being fur- nifhed with fhells, into which they can at pleafure withdraw themfelves. Of this the genus Helix, which contains the common or fhell-fnails, is a convincing proof. ‘The reft of the univalves, (with a few remark- able exceptions,) are more or leís fimilar to the genus Limax. Two of the moft familiar fpecies of Limax which this country produces are the Limax ater and maximus: the one is diftinguifhed by its intenfe black- nefs, and is extremely common in fields and meadows ; the other, lefs common than the former, is of a pale brown, with irregular deep-black fpots and ftreaks : it is principally feen in woods and in garden-ground du- rng the vernal and autumnal feafons, and not unfre- quently creeps into houfes. Both agree in their mode of living; feeding on the leaves and roots of vegetables. The fpotted Slug, like fome others of its genus, is often infefted by a very {mall fpecies of acarus; which ap- pears in great numbers, running with much celerity over the animal, and frequently entering the lateral foramen of the- body. ‘The Limax however, either from its natural hebetude, or from being coated at all times by a quantity of mucus, feems to feel no parti- cular inconvenience from thefe little” infects, and fhews no fymptoms of irritation even whén they are cundi in and out of the orifice in its fide. GRYLLUS CITRIFOLIUS. DEE EOE EEE Oe CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput inflexum, maxillofum, palpis inftru&um. Antenne Íetaceze s. filiformes. Ale quatuor, deflexz, convolutz: inferiores pli- catze. Pedes poftici faltatorii : Ungues ubique bini. | | Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 692. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. GRYLLUS thorace tetragono angulis fcabro. Lin. Syf. Nat. p. 695+ LOCUSTA VIRIDIS. | Degeer. inf. 3. p. 497. n- 7. t. aot fog. LOCUSTA CITRIFOLIA.. L: thorace tetra- gono angulis crenatis. Fabr. fp. inf. 2. p. 356. Gryllorum omnium quotquot continet genus elytris quafi foliatis diftinctos, maxima fortaffe eft hzc fpecies, folioque fimillima. — Varias Indie Orientalis partes in- colit. . M it VE das ger eo Sa Am uL ee E FE BLAZE IS ES THE CITRON-LEAVED LOCUST, €——— TORRES GENERIC CHARACTER. Head infle&ed, armed with -jaws, and furnifhed . — with palpi or feelers. Antenne either fetaceous or filiform. Wings four, deflex, convolute: the inferior ones plaited. | | Feet hinder formed for leaping: Claws on all the feet double. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. LOCUST with the thorax of a fomewhat qua- drangular form and crenated on the edges, with very large green leaf-like exterior wings. Of all that tribe of the genus Gryllus diftinguifhed by the leaflike appearance of the elytra or exterior wings, this feems to be the largeft fpecies. It alfo yields to none in the perfect and ftriking refemblance to leaves which its wings exhibit. It is a native of various parts of India. i wie TR PARUS CAERULEUS. «pdotpoyopotetodetepoteteteteteteteteteteiotepedeieo CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rofirum integerrimum, bafi fetis tectum. . Lingua truncata, fetis terminata. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 340. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Se. PARUS virefcens, fubtus luteus, remigibus cz- rulefcentibus, fronte alba, vertice caeruleo. PARUS remigibus czrulefcentibus : primoribus margine exteriore albis, fronte alba, vertice caeruleo. ! Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 341. PARUS CZERULEUS. Gefn. av. 641. Will, orn. 175. Raj. av. 74. Licet inter pulcherrimas avium Britannicarum merito numerari poffit Parus caeruleus, detrahit tamen a pretio quotidianus confpe&tus. Fatendum etiam eft ineffe illi indolem minus aptam ad conciliandum favorem; non tantum enim gemmas arborum frugiferarum devaftat, (ON fed fed et audax eft ultra molem. Univerfo fane generi ingenium eft minime mite et amabile; ferunter enim. aliis avibus vim inferre et occidere cerebrum evellendo, quod folent comedere. Hoc licet frequenter fieri vix aufim dicere, a fedulis tamen hiftorie naturalis indaga- toribus affirmatur. Paris omnibus mira eft in nidifi- cando folertia, foecunditafque ultra fidem. Ifte de quo jam loquimur nidum ftruit elegantem in cavis ar- borum, vel füb murorum fummitatibus, interdum etiam in tuguriis et ftabulis. Ova duodecim, quindecim, et etiam octodecim deponit; parturit tamen, ut plurimum, non nifi femel in anno. THE BLUE TITMOUSE. DEEP POPES GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill (trait, a little comprefled, ftrong, hard, and fharp-pointed. Noftrils round, and covered with reflex briftles. Tongue as if cut off at the end, and terminated by three or four briftles. Toes divided to their origin; back toe large and ftrong. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, €. GREENISH-BACKED TITMOUSE, yellow beneath, with bluifh remiges, white fore- head, and azure crown. THE BLUE TITMOUSE. Will. orn. p. 242. pl. 43. Br. Zool. 1. No. 163. pl. 57. fig. 2. LA MESANGE BLEUE. \ PI. enl. 3. fig. 2. Amongft the moft beautiful of the Britith birds may — be numbered the Parus ceruleus or common blue Tit- moufe, which, from its pirequent appearance, is lefs re- garded ~ ^ garded than fo elegant a vifitant would otherwife be. It has however fome qualities which are not calculated to obtain it univerfal approbation; fince it is not only deftructive to the young buds of fruit-trees, but has alfo a certain audacity in its difpofition which would hardly be expected from fo {mall a bird: indeed the manners of the Pari in general are obferved to be not the moft amiable, and they ere accufed of fometimes attacking other birds, and killing them by picking out their brains. Whether this can be confidered as a fre- quent occurrence I cannot take upon me to determine, but it is recorded by fome of the moft accurate obfer- vers óf Nature. The birds of this genus eminently excel in nidification, and are prolific almoft beyond belief. The prefent fpecies builds its curious neft in holes of trees; under the eaves of walls, and fometimes in out-houfes. - It lays about twelve, fifteen, and even fometimes eighteen eggs, but feldom breeds more than once in a year. PENNATULA RENIFORMIS. «pt detotetetetefetetetetetetetteiteteretetdee e CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus in aliis pinnatum, 1n aliis integrum. Stipes nudus officulo interno. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &e. PENN ATULA RENIFORMIS, altero latere po- lypifera, ftipite lumbriciformi. Pall. el. xooph. p. 374. n. 222. PENNATULA RENIFORMIS, ftirpe lumbrici facie, altero latere. polypifera. Soland. et Ellis xooph. p. 65. n. 8. ALCYONIUM AGARICUM. Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 3811. Formofifime huic Pennatule diverfa eft facies a plerifque congeneribus. E ftipite qui brevis vermique fimilis, exoritur corpus expanfum, reniforme, fupra foraminibus tubulatum, unde ad libitum extenduntur tentacula, feu membra hydras referentia. Color in parte fuperiori viget letiffime purpureus; in inferiori pallidior eft, et interdum fere flavefcens. In infulis . Americe variis innafcitur pennatula reniformis, nec raro circa littora confpicitur. DTE n iX - mu ro eb TCR MUN li, dp M s n Pin AN ity | xam d pais ER ries Dn À pur - n d. AL" TA Ks ce Merry 2S6 d 2 ^ a we 1 A E - 0 ye Abs DD huss vae * * THE KIDNEY-SHAPED PENNATULA. DIEPPE EPROP EPPO GENERIC CHARACTER. Body in fome fpecies pinnated, in fome entire ; with polypes proceeding from its upper fur- face, and having a naked ítem, furnifhed . with an internal bone. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, €. KIDNEY-SHAPED PENNATULA with worm-like ftem. "THE KIDNEY-SHAPED PURPLE SEA- PEN. e | Phil. Tranf. vol. 53. t. 19. fig. 6—10. Soland. and Ellis xooph. p. 65. "This moft beautiful Pennatula is to be rariked amongft thofe fpecies which recede in point of habit . from the major part of the genus. lt confifts of an expanded, kidney-fhaped, flattened body, rifing from a fhort worm-like ftem, and covered on the upper fur- face with numerous tubular orifices, through which are exferted at pleafure the tentacula or polype-formed limbs limbs of the animal. "The colour of the upper furface is a beautiful purple; of the lower lefs brilliant, and fometimes yellowifh. . It is a native of the Weft-Indian Iflands, where it is not uncommon. | ZEUS IMPERIALIS. x«oteloteteetoteterepotetetepieppiteiteietete o CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput compreffum, declive: Labium fuperius mem- brana tranfverfa fornicatum. Lingua fubu- Tata: Membrana branchioftega radius feptem perpendicu- laribus :: infimo tran{verfo. Corpus compreffum. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 454+ CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. ZEUS cauda fublunari, corpore nunc rubente, nunc viridi, nunc purpureo, albo-guttato. ZEUS LUNA? ty Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 1225. POISSON DE LUNE? | Du Hamel des péches, 3. p. 74. t. 15. ZEUS cauda bifurca, colore argenteo purpureo {plendens. | | Strom. Sondmor. 323, 325. t. 1. f. 20. Specierum omnium, quas paucas continet genus, maximam longe et fplendidiffimam depinximus, reli- quos fane pifces Europzos vividis coloribus vincentem ; quibus nitet adeo cum recens capta fit, ut infignes ful- Lo - gores gores imitando affequi incaffum conetur ars pi&toria. Variat praeterea color primarius, qui vel ruber vel vi- ridis aureo fplendore quafi vernice obducitur. "Totum. corpus, excepto ventre, maculis plurimis ovatis ar- genteo-albis guttatum eft." Pinne, ut plurimum, coc- cines. Cauda latiffima admodum lunata. Repertus eft Zeus imperialis in Europeis multis littoribus, ra- rius in Britannicis. Crefcere folet in magnam molem, nec defuit fpecimen quod tres pedes longitudine, pondere centum fere libras zequaret. Notandum vero eft alios plerofque pifces quos complectitur genus, modicos effe fi non parvos, nitide argenteos, infignes latis corporibus, forma tenui et comprefla, radiofque nonnullos pinnarum que in dorfo caudaque, longius ultra reliquos excurrere. [^ T. , " ns M teg mee 7 = seen EI | THE ie pue OR IMPERIAL ZEUS... GENERIC CHARACTER. Head compreffed, floping down: Upper Ls arched by a tranfverfe membrane. | Tongue fubulate. Branchiofiegous membrane with feven perpendicular rays ; the lower tranfverfe. Body comprefled. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sec. ZEUS with fomewhat lunated tail: the body generally either red, green, or purple, with oval white fpots. . OPAH or KING-FISH. Phil. Tranf. abr. XL. p. 670. t. 5. Brit. Zool. ML. p. 195 t. 42. f. 2. Of all the fpecies of this genus, which is not a nu- merous one, the fifh here delineated is by far the larg- eft as well as the moft fplendid in its colour: it may indeed indeed be confidered as the moft fuperb of all the European fifh, and when recently taken exhibits an appearance fo fingularly vivid as to furpafs all the at- tempts of art to give an adequate idea of its beauty. It alfo varies in this refpeét ; the predominating colour being either red or green, with a rich luftre of gold, and appearing as if varnifhed. The whole body, ex- cept on the belly, is fprinkled with numerous oval fpots of a filvery white. The fins are commonly fcarlet. The tail is very broad and ftrongly lunated. This moft elegant fifh is fometimes found on the Britifh coaft, but is more frequent on thofe of other parts of. Europe. It growsto a very large fize, having been feen of the length of three feet, and of the weight of an hundred pounds. It may not be improper to obferve that moft. of the other fifhes of the genus, exceptthe Doree, are {mall fpecies, remarkable for their fhining filvery colour, the great breadth of their bodies, their thin or comprefied form, and the length of fome of the rays of their dorfal and caudal fins, which frequently run out far beyond the reft. | VULTUR PERCNOPTERUS. «otetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetjeterete o - CHARACTER GENERICUS. Roftrum re&um, apice aduncum. Caput impenne, antice nuda cute. — Lingua bifida. | : Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 121. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. VULTUR remigibus nigris margine exteriore (praeter extimas) canis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 123. VULTUR CHA sas es capite nudo, gula plu- mofa. Haffelq. it. 209. FALCO MONTANUS 4GYPTIACUS. Hafelg. adh. flockb. 1751. p. 196. VULTUR SACER ZEGYPTIUS. "Aldr. av. 1. p. 378. t. 379. De avidiffima borum alitum voracitate copiofius dif- ferere longum effet et fupervacaneum. Norunt om- nes inexplebilem fere effe iis cupiditatem edendi. Non i s tamen m ue tamen inopportunum fit notare paucos preter Con- doram feu vulturem maximum Americanum, animalia viva mortuis anteponere, fed cadavera diligenter que- rere que mira narium fagacitate e longinquo fentiunt. In orientalibus regionibus varie vulturum fpecies ex- ercituum motus comitantur, juxtaque fatales campos gregatim circumvolant, dapem e ftrage orituram avide expectantes. Longam tamen paffe efuriem, preter folitum. voraces quicquid cibi fors obtulerit fubito et audacter arripiunt. Narrat Dominus Bruce peregri- nator celeberrimus, dum iter Abiffinum perageret, et in monte qui Lanalmon dicitur, cum fociis jam jam pranfurus effet, vulturem immanem e proximis ru- pibus magna vi in patinam infiliffe, et cum coxa ar- moque caprinis fimul arreptis avolaffe : mox reducem et plus preda meditantem {cloppeto ab ipfo interfec- tum fuiffe. Aquilam vocat hunc alitem Dominus Bruce, fed a figura et defcriptione fatis patet vulturem fuifle, barbatum fcilicet Linnei, mole et gula jam- dudum infignem. Non poffum non fufpicari Stym- phalidas veterum majoribus vulturini generis fpeciebus originem debere. Vultur Percnopterus non tantum in calidioribus regionibus invenitur, fed et in Europa temperata. Figura hec noftra ab ipfa ave fideliter delineata eft. | 4 DE. ae fene "0 ygd ty Uo Vodder wr Vs Ursus Mpreet. 441 THE ALPINE VUZTUXEEtE App oppi pite GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill ftrait, hooked at the tip. Head commonly bare of feathers, with a naked {kin in front. | Tongue bifid. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. VULTURE with black remiges, hoary on the outer edge (except the exterior ones.) Tue VULTURINE EAGLE or ALDROVAND. Will. orn. p. 64. t. 4. Le VAUTOUR DES ALPES. Brifs. orn. 1. p. 464. te 4 Le PERCNOPTERE. NEL : Buff. ois. 1. p. 149. px PI. enl. 426. "The vóracity and predacious difpofition of the birds of this tribe are too well known to require particular defcription. It may be obferved, however, that moft of the faeries prefer the fleth of dead animals to other pra prey ; prey; few, except the Condor, or great South Ámie- rican vulture, attacking any living animals in preference, but diligently fecking for the remains of carrion, which they are enabled to perceive from a wonderful diftance by their exquifite power of fcent. In the Eaftern cli- mates vultures of various fpecies never fail to attend the field of battle, eagerly hovering in multitudes at fome diftance, in expectation of their wifhed-for ban- quet. When preffed by hunger, they become unu- fually rapacious, and feize with indifcriminating hafte whatever food is acceffible. Thus we are affured by the celebrated Mr. Bruce, that during his Abyffinian expedition, while himfelf and his companions were feated on the top of the mountain Lanalmon, prepa- ring their repaft, a large vulture came from the neigh« bouring cliffs, and, feized out of the veffel in which: their meat lay, a leg and fhoulder of goats flefh in its talons, and flew away with them both; and foon re- turning for a fecond booty, was fhot by Mr. Bruce. From the defcription and figure given by that gentle- man, it appears probable, that though called an Eagle; it was a fpécies of vulture; viz. the vultur barbatus of Linneus, which is one of the largeft of the genus, and is a bird of great ftrength and vigour. It is no im- probable fuppofition that the attacks of fuch birds may have afforded fome foundation for the ancient fictions of the Stymphalides. The vultur percnopterus is found. not only in the hotter regions of the world, but even. in the temperate paits of Europe. The figure here reprefented was taken with P accuracy from the bird pus ncc LACERTA BASILISCUS. J"——————— CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus tetrapodum caudatum, nudum. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 359. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &ec. LACERTA cauda tereti longa, pinna dorfali ra- diata, occipite criftato. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 366. Laur. ampb. p. 50. n. 75. Seb. muy. fot, doce E Bafilifcus, quem memorant antiqui animalium ve- nenofiffimum, vivit non nifi in bellis pictorum et . poetarum fabulis... Omiffis aliis, Liucanum fatis fit ci- tare, qui licentia fifus vere poetica defcribit eum ar- denti in Africa horrendum fibilantem, et torvo lumine ipfum etiam ferpentinum genus procul a feipfo deter- rentem. ** Sibilaque effundens cunctas terrentia peftes, Ante venena nocens, late fibi fubmovet omne Vulgus, et in vacua regnat Bafilifcus arena." Bafilifcus autem, quem eo nomine norunt nunc tem- poris phyfici, eft lacerte fpecies forma admodum fingu- n | | lari, lari, queque eminenter diftinguitur cute velut in ale formam expanfa, per totum dorfum et maximam caude partem continuata, intufque radiata, qualiter fere funt. pifcium pinnz, feu ut rectius loquar, ale draconis five lacerte volantis ; quaque inzqualiter affurgit in variis partibus, adeo ut finuofa et denticulata videatur, et ad arbitrium vel erigitur et dilatatur, aut deprimitur et contrahitur. Occiput intus cavum quafi in cucullum feu potius in criftam extenditur. | Vifu licet terribilis fit Bafilifcus, ingenio tamen eft prorfus innocuo. Alia- rum plurimarum lacertarum more, inter arbores ver- fatur, infectis aliifgue ejufmodi victitans. Americam Auftralem incolit. Jamdudum in Seba thefauro de- pictus eft eleganter admodum et fideliter; effecit autem forma nova et incognita (rariffima enim eft fpecies) uta multis pro monftro imaginario haberetur. Extat tamen in Mufeo Britannico fpecimen perfe&iffimum, fpiritu vini conditum, quod Sebanz figure veritatem abunde comprobat. Probabile porro eft, immo pene certum, Linneum, qui, teftante filio, ipfum animal nunquam viderat, ab hac Sebe figura defcriptionem fuam fpecificam condidifie. Color Bafilifci pallet fufco- cinereus, corpore fuperiore notis feu umbris aliquot obfcurioribus variato. Longitudo ei eft quafi fefquipe- dalis. Notandum eft, juniorem cutis iftius que por- rigitur fuper dorfum caudamque nec non crifte que in occipitio affurgit, levia tantum veftigia oftendere. 442 — TC WO OME m rtl GAOT rete UT s tly " Ss Sie 6 “ff, - f - Saath ill are home: Bc = | PAY A tlt +? WP nu 74 Lo il di MEN tu. m é = NE " duci i A La E 5 ce Ce tae Ab MM MC ag ee Mle n 7, ra yp 74 (Me Mo 72 Mit MAM. LI fx ‘ FE Gi ae ba | « a i , a zs og , (AG Vp AS Gay 39 & . d eae 2 EEE rore He Pas bn ru p, Bes AGU GLAU. 2, p» o m A door ae AR Ne Pos NE 7 Ce TENE MA oM ou i © f CE 7, f a Éx E os ze heii e, Siblishod June ata & FL Neder GN G5 Brewer pA ES : THE Bol L.LSSE. DEERE EEO ! GENERIC CHARACTER, Bedy four-footed, tailed, naked. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, (Sc. LONG-TAILED LIZARD, with radiated dor- fal and caudal fin, and pointed occipital creft. THE BASILISK. The Bafilifk of the ancients, fuppofed to be the moft malignant of all poifonous animals, and of which the very afpect was faid to be fatal, is a fabulous ex- iftence, to be found only in the reprefentations of painters and poets. Without citing other defcriptions, it may be fufficient to quote that of Lucan, who, with true poetic licence, reprefents the Bafilifk exerting his terrific glance in the burning deferts of Africa, and obliging the reft of the poifonous tribe to preferve an humble diftance. | ** Sibilaque effundens cunctas terrentia peftes, Ante venena nocens, late fibi fubmovet omne Vulgus, et in vacua regnat Bafilifcus arena.” But But fiercely hiffing, thro' the poifon'd air The Bafilifk exerts his deathful glare : At diftance bids each vulgar peft remain, And reigns fole monarch of his fultry plain. But the animal known in modern natural hiftory by this name is a fpecies of lizard, of a very fingular fhape, and which is particularly diftinguifhed by a long - and broad wing-like procefs or expanfion continued along the whole length of the back, and to a very con- fiderable diftance on the upper part of the tail, and fur- nifhed at certain diftances with internal radii analogous to thofe in the fins of fifhes, or ftill more fo to thofe in the wings of the draco volans or flying lizard. This procefs is of different elevation in different parts, fo as to appear ftrongly finuated and indented, and is ca- pable of being either dilated or contracted at the plea- fure of the animal. The occiput or hind part of the head is elevated into a very confpicuous pointed hood : or hollow creft. Notwithftanding its formidable ap- pearance the Bafilifk is a perfe&ly harmlefs animal, and like many other of the lizard tribe, refides prin- cipally amongft trees, where it feeds on infects, &c. It is a native of South America. It has long ago been admirably figured by Seba, and as it is an extremely rare fpecies, has fometimes been confidered, (from the ftrangenefs of its form) as a fictitious reprefenta- tion. There is however in the Britifh Mufeum a very fne fpecimen, well preferved in fpirits, and which fully confirms the excellency of Seba's figure; from which, in all probability, Linnzus himfelf, (who never faw the animal,) took his fpecific defcription. | The The colour of the Bafilifk is a pale cinereous brown, with fome darker variegations towards the upper part of the body. Its length is about a foot and half. The young or fmall fpecimens have but a flight appear- ance either of the dorfal or caudal proceís, or of the pointed occipital creft. PBS ZID.I. €————— EA PEDE HERCULEM! Didum ineptum Linnzi, miram fcilicet et anomalam avem, in priore numero hujus operis fideliter ad exem- plar archetypum depicam defcripfi. At de vera avis exiftentia a multis femper dubitatum eft, eoque magis quod adhuc credi folitum eft nulla ejus in mufeis Eu- ropzis reperiri poffe veftigia. Dum autem in mifcel- laneam farraginem et quifquilias Mufei Britannici nu- perrime obiter inipiciebam, comite ingeniofo pictore domino Reinagle juniore, faufte admodum fe oculis obtulit pes adeo infolitus ut primo vifu Didi pedem nobis illico in mentem revocaverit. Examinato dehinc ulterius fpecimine, verum effe et genuinum Didi pedem fatis conftabat. Dubium autem omne fuftulit Grewii defcriptio in opere quod dicitur “ Mufeum Reealis ** Societatis," cui eum plene et ad amuffim refpondere fenfi. Figure igitur, que juxta naturam depingitur, adjunxi etiam deícriptionem que apud Grewium legi- tur, occafionem avide arripiens rem rariffimam diuque defideratam lectoribus proponendi. ** Qui ibi affervatur pes fquamis flavo rubefcentibus ** contegitur, et longitudine paululum fuperat quan- *€ tuor uncias, latitudine quinque, faltem circa arti- ** culos; et licet minor fit pede ftruthionis et cafuarii, ** forían tamen fere equali fit robore, fi ratio habeatur ** brevitatis." A uae 4445 Aonitn, Liblihed jum trug PS Vos ps Mis Brewen eret IM UL: _ London EP cal. mg. AH AP Volle & e ; : for ^ 9o by AL. Vedder 3v j^ APO EET Street. THE LEG OF A DODO. Gopoototototqoototototototetototetetetetejotet In a preceding number of the prefent work I have given a defcription, accompanied by a figure accu- rately copied from an original picture faid to have been taken from nature, of that .moft fingular bird called the Dodo: an animal fo very rare, and of an appear- ance fo uncouth, as to have given rife to fome doubts as to its real exiftence; which was alfo rendered ftill more fufpicious from the fuppofed want of any remains of the bird itfelf in the mufeums of Europe. A very - fhort time fince however, on curforily examining feveral mifcellaneous articles in one of the apartments of the Britifh Mufeum, in company with that very ingenious artitt Mr. Reinagle jun’, we had the good fortune to difcover a leg, which even at fift view appeared of fo peculiar an afpect that it inftantly fugeefted the idea of the bird in queftion. On farther examination it was {till lefs to be doubted that it muft really have belonged to that curious bird; and on collating it with the de- {cription given by Grew in his Mufeum Regalis Soci- etatis, it agreed in all points with the meafurements there particularized. I therefore accompany the figure, here given, which is reprefented of the natural fize, with the defcription from the above work of Grew, and it is with peculiar pleafure that I embrace the op- portunity of prefenting my readers with fo interefting a curiofity. | b e «© The leg here preferved is covered with a reddifh ** yellow fcale. Not much above four inches long ;. ** yet above five in thicknefs, or round about the ** joints: wherein though it be inferior to that of an * Oftrich or Caffoary, yet joined with its fhortnefs, ‘© may render it of almoft equal ftrength." TESTUDO MELEAGRIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus tetrapodum,. caudatum, tefta obtectum. Os mandibulis nudis, edentulis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 350. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. TESTUDO pedibus fubpalmatis? tefta ovata gla- bra maculis innumeris flavis guttata. Plurimas teftudinum fpecies fibi invicem nimis affines accurate dignofcere difficillimum eft. De aliis ne du- bitari quidem poffit, quippe que notas gerant confpi- cuas et infignes ad diftinctionem : qualis fcilicet eft teftudo geometrica, quam ftriarum flavarum fuper {cutum bella et ordinata ferie vel tiro ftatim agnoverit. Illam etiam quam defcribere pergimus a reliquo genere fatis fejungit notabilis characterum et colorum difpofitio. Longa eft, ut plurimum, quinque vel fex uncias. Color fufco-caftaneus faturatior per totum corpus fupe- ‘rius guttulis ovatis albido-flavefcentibus pulcherrime afpergitur, in fingula tegminis divifione quafi ducenis. Scutum lave eft, carens fulcis et prominentiis, nifi quod per medium trium praecipuarum divifionum excurrat carina paululum levata, que tamen in nonnullis fpeci- Q. | minibus minibus obfcurius cernitur. levis etiam eft margo {cuti, feu ex partibus conftans una ferie continuatis, non inzqualiter ferratis, fed figuram prope ellipticam toto ambitu efficientibus. ' Superficies inferior flavefcit maculis aliquot fufcis et inequalibus notata. Caput modicum. Oculi magni. Pedes ii fimiles quos ha- bent relique teftudines terreftres et fluviatiles, ungui- bus muniuntur validis. Cauda longula et {quamofa. Si fuper fundum nigriorem confluxerint inter fe ma- cule, quod rarius evenit, perit magna ex parte pul- chritudo teftudinis meleagridis. In America praecipue innafcitur. 444 Pd c : A P Zovezer- Se 4 7 Aber oF FR. ly gh 6 Mee: z anat, Pallated 77 THE SPECKLED TORTOISE. pnopotooooeopdetopotoooottotototototetec GENERIC CHARACTER. Body four-footed, tailed, covered with a fhell. Mouth confifting of naked toothlefs mandibles. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cic. TORTOISE with fubpalmated? feet, and ovate {mooth fhell fpeckled with innumerable yel- low dots. LA JAUNE. | | | E Hift. Nat. des quar. ovip. f. p. dS57 CH So great is the fimilarity between feveral of the tor- toife tribe, that it is by no means eafy to diftinguith with accuracy the particular fpecies: Some however are fo ftrongly characterized as to be at all times readily afcertained. Thus the Teftudo geometrica or ftriped "Tortoife is fo ftrikingly diftinguifhed by the beautiful and regular difpofition of the yellow marks on its fhicld, as to be inftantly recognifed by any one in the leaft con- verfant with this genus. The fpecies here reprefented is alfo, in general, fo remarkable in its appearance as Q 2 to to be immediately known from any other kind. Its ufual length is about five or fix inches: its colour a deep chefnut-brown, moft elegantly marked over the whole upper furface with innumerable oval fpecks of yellowifh white. There are fcarce lefs than 150 or 200 of thefe fpecks on each divifion of the fhield. The whole is fmooth, or undiftinguifhed by any furrows-or rifings on the divifions, except that down the middle of the three chief or central pieces runs an elevated or projecting carina as it were, which is much lefs diftin& . in fome fpecimens than in others. The edge or outline of the fhell is fmooth, or compofed of pieces which do not project unequally, but form one continued, nearly eliptic figure. The lower furface is pale yel- lowifh, with a few irregular patches of brown. The head is moderately large. ‘The eyes large. The feet of the ufual ftructure in other land and frefh-water tor- toifes, and furnifhed with ftrong claws. The tail long- ifh and fcaly. It fometimes happens that the beautiful appearance which generally diftinguifhes this fpecies, is nearly loft, or at leaft greatly obliterated, by the. dark ground-colour predominating too much, and the fpots becoming confluent. This however is not often the cafe. It is a native of America. DORIS ARGO. opotetetqoiototetetoteteojotototetottototete o CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus repens, oblongum, fubtus planum. Os antice fubtus. Anus pottice, fupra cinctus ciliis. Tentacula duo, fupra corpus antice, intra foramina retractilia. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. DORIS OVALIS, corpore levi, tentaculis duo- bus ad os, ano ciliato phrygio. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1083. ARGO. Bohadfch. mar. 65. t. 5. £. 45. LEPUS MARINUS alter major. | Column. ecbbr. t. 32. Plurima quz hoc genus ample&itur animalia limaci- bus valde afünia omnino in mari degunt. Oftendit tabula fpecierum Europearum maximam et formofiffi- mam. Color variat : interdum fcilicet flavus eft, plus minuíve faturatus; interdum aurantius, feu etiam coc- cineus. In multis Britanniz littoribus non raro con- {picitur Doris Argo. THE LEMON DORIS. ae HEH He Meee} GENERIC CHARACTER. Body repent, oblong, flat beneath. Mouth placed below, toward the anterior end. Vent behind, furrounded above by a fringe. Tentacula two, feated on the upper part of the body in front, retractile. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Sc. OVAL DORIS with fmooth body; the vent furrounded by a ramified fringe. LEMON DORIS. Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. p. 36. THE SEA-LEMON. The animals of this genus are greatly allied to thofe of the genus Limax, but are entirely marine. The {pecies of Doris are numerous. The largeft as well as the moft elegant of the European kinds is that figured . on the annexed plate. In colour it varies much; being fometimes of a yellow, more or lefs deep, and fome- times of a bright orange, or even fcarlet. ^ It is not unfrequently found on feveral parts of the coafts of Britain, . 4n6 EES Q S SPONGIA INFUNDIBULUM. bittet, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Animal? fixum, flexile, polymorphum, torpidif- fimum, contextum vel e fibris reticulatis, vel e fpinulis gelatina viva veftitis ; O/culis feu foraminibus fuperficie: aquam refpiran- tibus. Soland. et Ellis xoopb. p. 182. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, Sc. SPONGIA infundibuliformis turbinata flexilis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 1296: SPONGIA forma infundibuli. C. Baub. pin. p. 369. F. Baub. bif. pl. 3. p. 816. SPONGIA foliata afpera et Spongia infundibuli- formis. i Petiv. peregr. t. g. f£. 4. 6. SPONGIA (crateriformis) infundibuliformis mol- liufcula, membranaceo-cellulofa, extus vil- lofa craffior. - Pall. el. 20055. p. 386. n. 233. De fpongiarum natura, mira certe et ambigua, diu patuit philofophis amplus difputandi campus. Credi- : derunt derunt nonnulli fatis inepte, quaque opinio nunc peni- tus abolevit, effe eas vermium quorundam opus qui in cavitatibus pererrantes reperiuntur. Alii mera effe ve- getabilia putarunt. Ineffe autem iis vim vite ex hoc fatis conftat, quod in aquis natalibus attre&atz a tactu paululum refugiant, quodque quiefcentes poros alter- natim contrahant et dilatent, Ut verbo dicam, con- ftant fpongie .e ramofiffima tuborum capillaceorum copia, facultatem quandam contractationis habentium : horum ope nutrimentum ex. aquis in quibus crefcunt abforbentes. is igitur utpote zoopbyforum omnium in- ertiffimis feponendus eft locus proprius et ab aliis fepa- ratus. Facie inter fe plurimum differunt. Aliz fcilicet amorphe, feu figura carentes certa et conftanti, ut fpongia officinalis vel vulgaris. Alie cyathi inftar for- matz. Alize tubulate; alie multiformes; alie denique. ramofz et etiam reticulate ad fimilitudinem quodam- modo accedunt Gorgonie, feu Flabelli Veneris. Spe- cies, quam pro exemplo depinximus, maris Mediter- ranei et Indici rupibus, more reliqui generis, adhzret. Magnitudine variat. Habet nempe interdum diametros pedem, ad minimum, interdum paucas tantum uncias, Color ejus leviter fufcus, et fubftantia minus tenax quam fpongiz vulgaris, que et officinalis dicitur, | 145 + ee SE: SbWOngys eu. C ORE DUE d ^ 9, Ze y. 20 Ponden, Ulloa . fey Prud 293 FUNNEL SPONGE. OHO GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal ? fixed, flexible, torpid, of various forms ; compofed either of reticulated fibres, or maffes of fmall {pines interwoven together ; clothed with a living? gelatinous flefh full of {mall mouths or foramina on its furface, by which it fucks in and throws out the water. — SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cc. FUNNEL-SHAPED FLEXILE SPONGE with furface more or lefs irregular or roughened. CUP SPONGE. | FUNNEL SPONGE. Sponges have afforded a field of controverfy for philofophical obfervers, and may be numbered amongft the moft obfcure or doubtful productions of nature. By fome they have been fuppofed the fabric of certain worms allied to 'Terebelle, which are often found ftraying about in their cavities: an idea not very pro- bable, and which is now fufficiently exploded. Others KR | have have imagined them to be mere vegetables; but that they are really poffeffed of a living principle is evident from the circumftance of their alternately contracting and dilating their pores, and fhrinking in fome degree from the touch when examined in their native’ waters. In fhort, fponges confift of an infinitely ramified mafs of capillary tubes, poffeffed of a certain degree of con- tractile power, and capable from their ftructure, of abforbing nutriment from the furrounding fluid in which they are by nature immerfed. They therefore form an animal tribe different from all others, and may be confidered as the moft torpid of all Zoophytes. The different fpecies of Sponge differ greatly in ap- pearance from each other: fome being amorphous, or of no regular fhape, as the common or officinal fponge : others cyathiform or cup-fhaped: others tubular, and of various forms; and fome are ramified and reticulated in fuch a manner as to bear a confiderable refemblance to the fea-fan or Gorgonja Flabellum of Linneus. The {pecies here exhibited, as an example of the genus, is found both in the Mediterranean and Indian feas; ad- hering, like others of its genus, to rocks. In fize it varies from a few inches in diameter to that of a foot or more. Its colour is a pale brown, and its fubftance lefs ftrong or tenacious than that of the common or officinal fpecies. INDE X. ZEE auratus. . Alcedo Ifpida. . Ampelis Garrulus. . Balena Myftcetus. . Cerambyx longimanus. . Coluber Ceraftes. . Crax Ale&or. . Didus ineptus. . Doris Argo. . Gordius aquaticus. . Gryllus laurifolius. . Gryllus citrifolius. . Gymnotus electricus. . Lacerta Bafilifcus. . Limax ater & max'. . Mantis ficcifolia. . Madrepora Cerebrum. . Medufa Infundibulum . Motacilla hirundinacea . Parus cexruleus. . Pes Didi. . Papilio Neftor. . Papilio Ripheus. . Pennatula argentea. . Pennatula reniformis. . Picus erythrocephalus. . Pipra pundtata. . Pfittacus melanopterus. . Rana arborea. . Scarabzus Midas. . Spongia Infundibulum. . Tantalus ruber. . Teftudo Meleagris. . Trigla cataphracta. . Vultur Percnopterus. . Zeus imperialis. AAAI ABE IAN EEE EE SLE ME EEE ed opel etoteietebtqet Pep etetibebepbtet e tet debe ES IN D-E X. . Ac ARUS gold-fpotted . Bafilitk. . Beetle Midas. . Butterfly Neftor. . Butterfly Ripheus. . Cerambyx long-legged. . Chatterer Bohemian. . Curaffo common. . Dodo. . Dodo leg. . Doris Lemon. . Prog tree. - Gurnard mailed. . Gymnotus electrical, . Hair-worm. ; [bis fcarlet. . Kingfifher common. . Locuft bay-leaved. . Locuft citron-leaved. . Madrepore Brain. . Manakin fpeckled. . Mantis dry-leaf. . Medufa Funnel. . Opah, or imperial Zeus. . Parrakeet black-winged. . Pennatula filver. . Pennatula kidney-fhaped. . Slug black, and fpotted. . Sponge Funnel, . litmoufe blue. . Tortoife fpeckled. . Viper horned. . Vulture Alpine. . Warbler Swallow. . Woodpecker red-headed. . Whale great Northern. PEN ois ett ges Nun Sd cd m al Ta o ER IBN LER LIB LESS mL