THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. -o- VOL. XII. MAY 1898, to APRIL, 1899. -O — PHILADELPHIA : Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON. IN DFX TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XII INDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED. Achatinidae, note on the generic names of two groups of 92 Amnicola missourieusis Pilsbry. n. sp . 43 Amuicola Walkeri Pilsbry, u. sp. Amnicolida?, notes on new and little known.. . . 42 Amnicolida? of the Western United States . -•• 121 Ampullaria Pinei Dall, n. sp. . 7.i Anodonta imbecillis, hermaphroditic 87 Ashrnunella Pilsbry and Cockerel!, n. gen . 107 Ashmuuella pseudodout-i (Dill) capitansnsis Ashmun and Cockerell, n. sub-sp • 131 Beddome, C. E . (Obituary) ... 8!> Bitidaria Ashmnni, a new species of Pupida? 49 Bitidaria Ashmuni form minor. . 92 Bitidaria Dilliana Sterki. n. sp ^ Bitidaria hordeacella Pils. var. pavvidens Sterki. n. var 128 liitidaria perversa Sterki, n. sp. . •>:) Bitidaria quadrideutata Sterki, n. sp. 127 Biologia Centra li Americana. Mollusca (Review ) 11 Care of Shells 132 Ceres Nelsoui Dall, u. sp 27 Cerion Fordii Pils. & Van. (Figs. ], •>, ;•{. 4,). • Ceriou Pillsburyi Pils. & Van. (Fig. 5.) Chicago drainage canal, a day on the . . . 63 Chitons, notes on a few "'O Collecting in the Great Smokies.. 97 Collecting shells in the Klondike country 109 Columbella avara in Brazil and Uruguay. 45 Conchology in the Klondike 24 Conulus chersinus dentatus Sterki • .110, 131, 144 Conulus chersinus polygyratus Pils., i\ var. 1 Ti Conulus chersinus (Say) 1 1 (n> ( 'onulus chersinus trochulus (Reinhardt) . 11<> Conulus tulvus alaskensis Pils., u. var. . Couulus fulvus mortoui ( Jeft'reys) (iii) 27 27 iy THE NAUTILUS. Couulus fulvus (M tiller) 115 Couulus, remarks on the American species of 113 Crosse, M. H.— In Memoriam 104 Crossopoma enganoense Henderson, n. sp. (PI. II. figs, i, o, 3.) 17 Cycladidas, some studies on the morphology of the 117 Cyclostrema Dautzenbergianum Aucey, n, sp 54 Cypraea Rashldghana, note on 80 De Camp, William Henry (Obituary, with portrait) 61 Descriptions of new species and varieties of American Zouitidae and E iid odont like 85 Diplommatiua liwaensis Aldrich. u sp. (PI. 1, figs. 3, 4 ) 4 Drillia empyrosia Dall., n. sp 127 Enneastrictilabris Ancey, u. n forE. riiicrostoma. Smith, preoc. 72 Epiphragniophora arrosa var. expansilabris, Pils., u. var 22 Epiphragmophora tudiculata var. mnbilicata Pils.. u. var 22 Flumiuicola columbiana Hemphill, n. sp 125 Fluminicola erythropoma Pils., n. sp .. 125 Fossil pearls 3 Mariaella Dussumerieri. note on. - '•' Melampus floridanus Shuttl. in Maryland 1<>7 Melania (Melauoides) badia Henderson, n. sp. (PI. II. fig "•) • 14 Melauia (Melanoides) heivula GUI. var. (PI. II. fig. c.) 14 Mollusks of the great African Lakes. ....... 37 Moricandia Pils. & Van., n sub-g. 57 Myllita insequalis Dall, n. sp 41 Mytilus Stearusi Pils. & Ravin., n. n. (Vol. XIII, pi. I. n'os. 1. 2,3.) 70 Nauiua(Hemiplecta)marangensis Aldrich. n.sp.'Pl. l,figs. 9, 10 .)2 New American land shells I'll New Jamaican land shell. (Illustrated.) New species and varieties of American land shells Nomenclature of some African shells 72 Note on Mollusks from Arcadia. Mo ....... 30 Notes on some land and fresh water shells from Sumatra, with description of new species. (Illustrated.). 1 Notes on Uruguay and Argentine fresh water shells, supple- mental to the list in NAUTILUS X, pp. 70-81 4(i Odontostomus, notes on the genus 57 Olivella Blr.nesi Ford, u. sp. (Vol. XIII, pi. I. tig. 4)... 00 Omphalhn fuligiuosa polita Pils., n. vaiv 80 Omphalotropis (Selenomphala) dohertyi Aldrich. n sp. (PI. 1, figs. 1,2.).. 3 Paludestrina imitator Pils., n. sp 124 Paludestrina Stearnsiaua Pils., n. sp 124 Pennsylvania!! mollusks from the Ohio River system below Pittsburgh 13:'. PUidium fallax var. sepentrionale Sterki. n. var 78 Pisidium Roperi Sterki, n. sp Pisidium Walkeri var. maiuense Sterki. u. var 79 Planispira Aldrichi Henderson, u. sp (PI. IT, ti^s. 4. 5.) 15 Planorbis dilatatus Gld. in Texas l-(4 Polygyra altissima Cockerell. n. sp. (from New Mexico) 7i> Polygyra edvardsi Bid. at Elizabethton. Tenn 12(1 Polygyra lawae var. tallulahensls Pi!s. n. var 22 Polygyra miorhyssa Dall. n . sp 7."> Poiygyrapostelliaua subclausa Pils . u var 144 Polygyra richardsoui liugualis Pils., n var .... 144 Polygya i-hyssa var. hyporhyssa Cockerell, n. var 77 Polygyra Roperi in Shasta County, Cal 59 Polygyra trideutnta var. complanata Pils. n. var (. . . ... 22 Pomatiopsis californica Pils., n sp 120 Postage on Natural History specimens to foreign countries. . 58 Potamolithu* jacuhyeusis Pils , u. sp , . 113 yi THE NAUTILUS. Prosopeas argeutea Henderson, u.. sp. (PI. II, fio-. io> IG Pteronotus Carpenteri Dall, n.ep .. iss Publications received in. •$;{. 47. fin, 72. Si , s Pupa (Pupilla) sonorana var. teuella Sterki. u. var ii'9 Pupida?, new 127 Pyramidtila Cockerelli, Pils.. n. sp 85 Pyramidula striatella catskilleusis Pils., u. var 8(5 Pyramidu la strigosa (young) 24 Quarternary fossil shells, Long Bea jh. Cal 7 Ravenia Hollandi Henderson, u. sp (figured) 2f> Roper, Edward W., In Memoriam 12!) San Diego, California, as a collecting ground 88 Septi fer hi f'u rcatus Conrad, note ou <;» Septifer bifu rcatus Rve. and Mytilu? bifurcatus Conrad, an in- terrogation i n regard to r,7 Shallcross. John (Obituary) •. Shell collecting at Mt. Desert. Maine 7;! Shells of ReJding, Shasta County, Cal ;>7 Succinea retusa magister Pils., u. var 10H Terebra texa ua Dall, n. sp 45 Trochomorpha Dohertvi Aldricli, n. sp (PI. 1. figs 7. S) -J ITnio cornplanatus Sol. at New Philadelphia, Ohio 24 I 'nio collecting S Unio cylindricus Say, var. strigillatus Wright, n. var (i Vnio Iheringi Wright, n. sj) Unio villosus Wright, n. sp s Unionidae, Emigration of 1^9 Unionidie. some observations ou the genital organs with refer- ence to classification 18. -2s Urosalpinx cinereus in San Francisco Bay 'l]-2 Vallonia on the Pacific Coast GO. 71 Vitrea carolinensis. Cockerel! 120 Vitiea iudentata var. umbilicata Siugley 120 Vitrea, notes on the iudentata group of 120 Vitrea Rhoadsi Pils., n. sp 101 Vitrea sculptil is Bid 120 Zonitoides Randolph! Pils. and Clapp, n sp S7 INDEX TO AUTHORS. Aldrich.T. II. 1 Ancey, C. F 21 , 5-2, 72, 92 Baker, Frank > C 36. (53, 65 Bradshaw, Mrs. M. F !) Burns, Frank ::G Campbell, Julia E 7 Clapp, George H 14 Cockerell, T. D. A i>, 48, 7(i, 107, 120, 13] Cooke, llev. A. II ]04 Da 11, William II -I. 27, 4(>. 44. 7r>. 127, 138 Ferriss, James H 117 Ford, John <;<; Fiiersou, Lorraine S. . i;50 Henderson Jr., John 15 13, 2.~. 73 Keep, Prof. Josiah 1:52 Kelsey, F. W 88 Lemon, James II G Melvill, James Cosmo 80 Pilshry, Henry A.. 22, 2G, 42, -1(5, 50, 57, (51), 7!>. 85. 101, 103. 121, 140, 144 Randolph, P. B 109 Raymond, W. J 69 R hoads, Samuel N 133 Roberts, S. Raymond 24, 80 Stearns, R. E. C 10(5, 112 Sterki, Dr. V 18, 24, 28. 41). 77. 89, 90. 117,127 Strode, Dr. W. S s Sykes, E. R 41 Varatta, E. G 107 Walker. Bryant Gi, 120 White, J. J... . . 142 Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton G7. 71 Wright, Berlin II.. . 5, 32. 93, (vii) THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XII. MAY, 1898. No. 1. NOTES ON SOME LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS FROM SUMATRA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY T. H. ALDRICH. In the fall of 1890, the writer received from Marang, Sumatra, a small collection of shells made by Win. Doherty, Esq., at that place. A partial list of same is here given, with descriptions of some new forms :— 1. Nanina gemina Busch. 2. Ariophanta weyersi Smith. 3. Ariophanta dohertyi Aldrich. 4. Hemiplecta marangensis n. sp. 5. Sitala carinifera Stol., var. marangensis n. var. 6. Trochomorpha dohertyi n. sp. 7. Amphidromus palacens Busch. 8. Helicina parva. 9. Clausilia aenigmatica Sykes. 10. Cyclophorus eximius Mous. 11. Cyclophorus perdix Brod. 12. Orossopoma bathyraphe Smith. 13. Lagocheilus marangensis n. sp. 14. Omphalotropis (Selenom])hala~) dohertyi n. sp. 15. Diplommatina liwaensis n. sp. 16. Leptopoma fultoni n.sp. 17. Cyclotas sp. 18. Melania lirata Bens. 19. Melania artecava Mouss. Z THE NAUTILUS. 20. Melania javanica v. d. B. 21. Melania rustica Mouss. (?) 22. Melania perplicata Brot. 23. Melania sobria Lea. 24. Melania rudis Lea. 25. Melania scabra Mull. 26. Melania tuberculata Mull. 27. Melania {Tiara'} setosa Sw. 28. Melania mitra Meuschen. 29. Melania winteri V. de B. 30. Melania scabra Miill. 31. Melania herklotzi Petit. 32. Faunus ater L. 33. Ampulla/rid ampullacea L. 34. Pythia scarabceus L. 35. Melampus fasciatus Dh. 36. Cerithidea cornea A. Ad. 37. Navicella tessellata Lain. 38. Eatissa sphiericnla Prime. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. Nanina (Hemiplecta) marangensis n.sp. PI. I, fig. 9, 10. Shell thin, narrowly urubilicated, obliquely striated above, smooth below; spire obtuse; color light brown; whorls seven, body whorl carinated, outer lip sinuous, expanded. Diam. of largest specimen 22 mm. This shell resembles H. aceidota Bttg. from Java, but is more acutely keeled and has no band, the substance of the shell is thin- ner, and when adult is larger ; it also resembles N. naninoides Bens. Sitala carinifera Stol. vav. marangensis n. var. PI. I, fig. 6. The specimens before me differ from the description by Stolicka. It is characterized by having six whorls, base rounded, body whorl bilirate, the others with but a siugle raised line, moderately umbili- cated. The largest specimen shows six whorls, the others but fiveh base is more rounded than typical forms. It also is close to S. bili- rata W. T. Blanf, except having one whorl less, and not being so openly umbilicated. Alt. 4 mm. Troohomorpha dohertyi n. sp. PI. I, figs. 7, 8. Shell thin, lenticular, whorls six to seven, body whorl acutely keeled, whorls bordered by a yellow band covering the suture, peri- THE NAUTILUS. 6 phery of body whorl also with a yellow color band, both above and on base, suture moderately impressed. Aperture oblique, acute oval, umbilicus wide and deep, base somewhat rounded. Diameter 17 mm. This handsome shell is similar to the well known T. bicolor Mts., but is larger, has a different and wider umbilicus, is flatter and dif- fers in its coloration ; the base is a uniform brown, except at peri- phery of body whorl. Type in my collection, examples also in Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Lagocheilus marangensis n. sp. PI. I, fig. 5. Shell turbinate, umbilicate, whorls six, convex, epidermal lines of growth prominent at sutures, shell with a dotted baud of red just below suture, and also another one on base below periphery of body whorl ; aperture circular, with a very thin callus on the body whorl ; lip expanded, partially reflected over the umbilicus. Diam., maj. 8 mm., alt. 9 mm. This species is very close to L. ciliocinctus Von Martens, but au- thentic specimens of that species do not show the dotted red band on the base. The body wall has a connecting callus, the lip is also somewhat exserted, while our species differs in both these particulars. Omphalotropis (Selenomphala) dohertyi n. sp. PI. I, figs. 1, 2. Shell umbilicated; ovate conical, very finely striate ; whorls 6 to 7, convex, suture deeply impressed, aperture ovate, peristome sim- ple, color yellowish brown. Diam. 3 mm., alt. 4? mm. This species is close to 0. colombeliana Heude, but has one more whorl, and a more expanded outer lip. Dr. O. Von Mollendorf pronounces it new and of a group not heretofore known from Su- matra. Xeptopoma fultoni n. sp. PI. I. figs. 11, 12. Shell medium, conical, narrowly umbilicated, whorls six, the first three smooth, the others with numerous revolving lines, aperture oblique, rounded, exserted lip expanded and tinged with red within ; a few specimens show a dark green band extending from the back of the inner red coloring half around the body whorl, gradually narrowing to a point. Those with this green band are invariably smaller than those without it. Height 12 mm., max. width 13 mm. 4 THE NAUTILUS. This species resembles L. matildae Dohrn,and may eventually be classed as a variety of that species. The peculiar color markings constituting the chief differences. The red color within is always present. Over 60 specimens received. Diplommatina liwaensis n. sp. PI. I, figs. 3, 4. Shell dextral, fusiform, thin, sculpture fine and close, covering all the whorls, color pale brown, whorls rounded, apex not acuminate, suture impressed, whorls seven, antipenult. largest, constriction in front. Aperture ovate, outer lip reflected, columellar tootli small. Maj. diam. If mm., alt. 4 mm. Locality : Liwa, at 4,000 ft. altitude. Close to D. gracilis Beddome, but has much finer sculpture, is larger and has one more whorl. ON A NEW SPECIES OF FUSUS FROM CALIFORNIA. BY WM. H. DALL. Fusus Roperi n. sp. Shell small, rather short and wide, with a short, subacute spire and about six whorls ; color ferruginous brown, faintly spirally zoned and lighter on the siphonal fascicle, pillar and throat whitish, outer lip between the white of the throat and the margin showing narrow spiral brown lines on a yellowish ground, whorls with a ten- dency to a white, narrow peripheral line most evident on the sum- mits of the ribs; whorls excavated behind, somewhat rounded before the periphery, the margin at the suture strongly appressed with the whorl in front of it somewhat constricted ; suture distinct, hardly undulated, the spiral thread in front of it slightly minutely imbri- cated; axially directed sculpture of finely wrinkled silky incremen- tal lines and (on the last whorl) nine rounded ribs with rather wider interspaces, the ribs are obsolete near the suture, on the early whorls, and on the base; spiral sculpture of numerous flat strap- like threads with the interspaces much narrower and sharply re£icu- lated by the incremental sculpture which rises in the interspaces nearly to the level of the tops of the threads ; the nucleus (lost) is small, the first two or three whorls are more coarsely reticulate than the later ones ; aperture elongated and insensibly passing into a rather wide and short canal ; siphonal fasciole rather marked, VOL. xii. PLATE I. 13. 9. ALDRICH— SUMATRA MOLLUSCS. *$S5 LIBRARY THE NAUTILUS. O though the siphon is not recurved ; pillar smooth, nearly straight with little callus; the body with no subsutural callus; the outer lip slightly flaring, hardly thickened ; Ion. of shell 26, of aperture 15.5> lat. 13.0 mm. San Pedro, Cal., in rather deep water, E. W. Roper; in whose honor the shell is named. This is a singular species, recalling Ocinebra or Muritidea by its surface sculpture and the constricted and appressed sutural region of the whorls. I have not been able to find any species with similar characters in the monographs or in the National Collection. It is probable that it should be separated sectionally from the group typified by F. coins, and it cannot be associated with Sipho or Chry- sodomus, so it may be regarded as typifying a new section, Roperia. NEW UNIONIDJE. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. U. Strodeanus sp. nov. Shell smooth, subtriangular, not inflated, inequilateral, rounded before, obtusely angular behind, slightly arched above and grace- fully rounded beneath. Substance of the shell solid and nearly uniform throughout. Beaks gracefully pointed, not prominent, scarcely extending above the short red ligament and surrounded by a few coarse, low undulations which do not extend back as much as usual. Umbos flattened. Epidermis olive-black, rayless. Not polished and with distant, faint marks of growth. Umbonial slope obtusely angular or rounded ; posterior slope slightly compressed and with two or three slightly impressed lines extending from beaks to margin. Cardinal teeth strong, deeply cleft and inclined to be direct. Lateral teeth prominent, curved and inclined to be double in both valves. Shell cavity moderate and quite uniform. Beak cavity slight and abruptly rounded. Cicatrices small, barely dis- tinct and well impressed. Nacre white and only slightly iridescent towards the margins. AVidth 2 in., length \\ in., diarn. 2 in. Habitat : Escambia River, West Flordia. Type in National Museum. Remarks: Affinity, U. reclusus nobis and U.simulans Lea. From the former it differs in having a darker and rougher epidermis, not so pointed behind, flatter sides, shorter and teeth heavier. From THE NAUTILUS. the latter it differs in its shorter dorsal line, more pointed posterior, .red ligament and greater length. It has the outline of U. Genthii Lea but it is darker, rayless and the teeth are heavier, the single lateral being uniformly tapered off to its posterior end instead of ending abruptly. Twelve specimens were taken along with U. succisus (cacao) Lea, U. incrassatus Lea, var. boykinianus Lea and neissleri Lea, var. We name it in honor of our esteemed friend, Dr. W. S. Strode, of Lewiston, 111. U. cylindricus Say, var. strigillatus nov. The chief distinguishing characters of this variety are : Much more compressed, sculptured throughout, and lateral teeth widely diverging and curved downwards. The umbonal ridge is very low nad broad, and fluted with elongated, divergent, flattened elevations. Nacre usually pink. Habitat : Clinch River, Lee Co., Va. Type in National Museum. Remarks: A large number of these shells was received several years ago from Mr. J. F. Sword, of Jonesville, Va., and sent out under Mr. Say's name. Recently several young ones were found which convinced me of their varietal value, indicating a connecting link with U. tuberculatus Barnes. ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. [Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Association by its General Secretary, Dr, W. S. Strode] . INTERGLACIAL SHELLS AT TORONTO, CANADA. [Extract from the report of James H. Lemon. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1897.] The most interesting deposit from a Conchological standpoint is found at Taylor's Quarry on the banks of the Don River, a mile northeast of the city of Toronto. At this point a good section of the Drift has been exposed. The underlying rocks are Hudson River shales belonging to the Silurian period, rising about 30 feet above the bed of the river. They are immediately covered by a layer of till three feet thick, and which fills in all irregularities of the underlying shale. The fossils are found in a few inches of clay THE NAUTILUS. / j ust above this till. Dr. Coleman, of the School of Practical Science, collected and sent a number of the species to Dr. Dall and C. T. Simpson, who identified them as follows: U. phaseolus, U. clavus U. pustulosus, U. pustulusus var. schoolcrafti, U. occidens(F), U.luleolus, U. undulatus, U. rectus, U. trigonus and U. solidus. Besides these a number of other shells have been found, viz. : Pleurocera subulare, P. elevatum, Goniobasis, Valvata sincera, V. bi- carinata, Campeloma decisum, Amtiicola, Physa, Planorbis, Pisidium, Sphaerium, etc. A peculiar fact is the comparative rarity of Campeloma, Plauor- bis and Physa, shells which are very abundant to-day in the waters of the Don. Of the 10 species of Unios identified by Dr. Dall and Mr. Simpson only U. luteolus and U. rectus are found here to-day. Unio phaseolus and U. undulatus have been found in small numbers in Lake Erie, but not in Lake Ontario. Three of the species, Unio pustulosus, U. solidus and U. clavus are uot found to-day in the St. Lawrence drainage system at all, but are confined to the Mississippi area where they are extremely common. The presence of the Mississippi forms seems to indicate that the climate existing during the first interglacial period was somewhat more southern than it is to-day, and this conclusion is also borne out by the nature of the plant remains. Along the shores of Lake Ontario to the east of Toronto is along line of cliffs known as Scarboro' Heights, composed entirely of Drift deposits. Only a very few shells have as yet been found here, but the beds are very rich in insect and plant remains. The deposits along the Don River have yielded by far the most interesting results in the shell line. QUATERNARY FOSSIL SHELLS, LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA. [Excerpts from report of Julia E. Campbell, 1896] . One day in April, 1896, while out for wild flowers, we drove to Signal Hill, which lies back from the ocean about 2* miles. Down one side of the hill runs a narrow ravine or little canon as it is often called. While climbing up in the center of this ravine we found the banks on either side literally filled with fossil shells. We secured the fol- lowing species, viz. : Nassa mendica Old., N. perpinguis Hds., Den- THE NAUTILUS. talinm pretiosum Nutt., Lutricola alia Cour. and Callista (Amian- tis*) callosa Conr. UNIO COLLECTING, BY DR. STRODE. On October 1st I went to London Mills on Spoon River, about 40 miles up stream in the hope of finding U.capax and U. aesopus,\>ut, was disappointed. I was surprised to find U. undulatus Bar. super- ceeding U. plicatus and U. multiplicatus, so common lower down the stream. M. complanata Bar. was hei*e in great numbers ; U. occidens and U. gibbosus were also quite abundant. On Nov. 10th, while on a picuicing expedition at Duncan Mills, 20 miles from the mouth of Spoon River, I observed on the oppo- site side of the stream a rocky ledge and beach below extending for quite a distance up and down the river. The thought at once struck me that my giant multiplicatus might be once more found here. Accompanied by Dr. Maguire and our wives we crossed over and lost no time in getting into the water among the rocks. Almost the first shell brought up was one of these big fellows. They were here in company with scores of big plicatus, ligamentinns, tuberculatus and a dozen other species. In two hours' time we had found over fifty of the multiplicatus, one good U. capax and one M. confragosa four inches long. The doctor's bird dog Belva, partook of our enthusiasm and manifested a desire to also search for shells. After a little showing she understood how it was done, and it was amusing, indeed to see her with head sub- merged hunting a shell and then after securing it the air of import- ance assumed as she waddled ashore with it. AVe hope, the coming season, to make an expert collector of her. One of the most pleasant and profitable collecting trips of the sea- son was made in September at a place called " The Devil's Elbow," five miles below Havana on the Illinos River. At this place the south bank for nearly a half mile is a sand-bar, full of little bayous, and in these places was where we found the Unios. Prof. Hart, of the State Biological Station, who was one of the party, brought with one sweep of his dredge-net over fifty specimens, covering a dozen spe£ cies. All of the following species were found plentiful, viz.: U. plicatus, U. multiplicatus, U. alatus, U. gracilis, U. pustulosus, U.pustulatus, [7. lachrymosus, U.anodontoides, U. gibbosus, U. ligamentinus, U.ebenus, U. ellipsis, U. solidus, U. donaciformis, U. cornutus, U. elegans, M. confragosa, M. rugosa, M, complanata. A half-dozen U. seciiris were found, the first record of this species for the county. THE NAUTILUS. ORANGE, CALIFORNIA. [Excerpts from report of Mrs. M. F. BradshawJ. To-day (February 13) we went to the blue rock above Laguna and had great success, finding some species not before collected by us. Digging in the soft rock with a hatchet and turning over loose rocks brought us the following species : Ischnochiton conspiciius, Mopalia muscoaa, Trachydermon dentiens, T. hartwegii, Lepidopleurus rugatus, Camingia californiea, Liicina californica, Diplodonta or- bella, Cklorostoma fasescens, C. gallina, C. aureotinctum, Volvaria varia, Parapholas californica, Pholadidea penita, Nettastomella dar- winii, Norrisia norrisi, Leptothyra bacula, Phasianella compta var. pulloides, Mytilus bifurcatus, Septifer bifurcatus, Lastea rubra,Chama pellucida, Fissurella volcano, Adula falcata, Lithophagus plumula, Astyris gausipata, Cerostoma nuttalli, Conus californicus, Corbula luteola, Hlpponyx antiquatus, Macron lividus, Monoceras lapilloides, Milneria minima. Went to day (February 14), to Fisherman's Bay, and were at last successful in finding the Setnele rupium. Down deep in the sand where they were built upon themselves two or three stories high, down cellar under water, here hide the beautiful Semele. The incoming waves kept us from looking long or carefully, which was greatly to be regretted, as it is a long walk to this place and only to be approached at the very lowest tide; even then one is continually obliged to run from the waves, so that it will never be possible to get many. We also found a few Diplodonta orbella, Kellia suborbic- ularis, Rupellaria lamellifera, Megatebennus bimacalatus, Trivia californica, and nearer to shore in the weeds on the rocks one live Chama muricata. GENERAL NOTES. NOTE ON MARIAELLA DUSSUMIERI. — It is tolerably evident that we have all along been making a stupid blunder about the type lo- cality of this slug. The original specimen, in the British Museum, is labelled simply as from " Mahe " by Valenciennes. This must be Mahe the French colony on the southeast coast of India, not far from the Travancore Hills, whence came Mariaella beddomei (G.- Aust.), which is, to all appearances, the same animal. I had been 10 THE NAUTILUS. provisionally keeping beddomei as a subspecies, thinking that the Seychelles type (as it was supposed to he) dussumieri might, when examined anatomically, show some distinctive characters. But since dussitmieri is from Mahe, India, it is doubtless the same as beddomei, which must sink as a synonym. For a general discussion of the synonymy of Mariaella see Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., Jan., 1891, pp. 103-104. - The removal of Mariaella from the Seychelles fauna gets rid of an apparent anomaly in geographical distribution. While on the subject of Oriental slugs I may as well refer to cer- tain section-names proposed in the plural in the paper just cited, and again published in the Check-List of Slugs (1893). I did not change them to the singular number, because I thought that might be left to special students of Oriental slugs ; but as no one has taken the matter up, the changes are made herewith :— Ibycus, sect. Cnjptibycus (Cryptibyci, Ckll.,1891) type /. magnifi- •CMS, Nev. & G.-A. Amtenia, sect. Euaustenia (Euaustenice, Ckll., 1891); type A. scutella, Bs. Austenia, sect. Cryptaustenia (Cryptaustenice, Ckll., 1891) ; type A. planospira. — T. D. A. COCKERELL, March 21, 1898. RECENT PUBLICATIONS. NOTICE OF SOME NEW OR INTERESTING SPECIES OF SHELLS FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE ADJACENT REGION, by William Healey Dall (Nat. Hist. Soc. B. C., Bull. No. 2, 1897. 18 pp., 2 plates). While based largely upon material collected by Dr. C. F. Newcombe, Rev. Geo. W. Taylor, Mr. Whiteaves, and other Canadian naturalists, material from Alaskan waters has also been utilized by Dall in preparing this paper. The occidental species of Crenella and Modiolzria are discussed, (7. columbiana, Leana and japonica, M. Taylori and seminuda being new. Nucula charlottensis, Leda •cellullta, conceptionis and leonina are also new or lately described forms. Other new species of bivalves belong to Yoldia, Malletia and Macoma. Two Cadulus, Hepburni and Tolmiei, and species of Cythara, Turbonilla and Odontostomia are described as new. Ris- $oina Newcombei, Molleria quadrce, and Eucosmia htrida are also new ; all being illustrated by very good figures. THE NAUTILUS. 11 BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA: MOLLUSCA, by E. von Mar. tens. After an interval of several years, during which no parts of this work appeared, its publication has been resumed, we hope to be continued without interruption ; two parts having been issued in November and December, 1897. These treat mainly of the Cyl- indreUidce, comprising the genera Eucalodium, Ccelocentrum, Holo- spira, Cylindrella, Macroceramus. The most remarkable feature of von Marten's treatment of thi& family is not what he has to say about it, which, so far as it goes, is well enough, but what he leaves out. It would seem that the Berlin authorities are not only excluding American fruit, but have been excluding American malacology as well for several years past. Papers published in periodicals as well known as the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum and of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, seem to be quite unknown in Berlin. Eucalodium is divided into several sections, based upon size, color and external form. Of these sections Resupinata, for E. spcciosum, edwardsianum and deshayesidnum, is new, and Anisospira of Strebel is regarded as another section. The division based upon the pres- ence or absence of a strong spiral plait upon the colutnella, and the dentition, published in September, 1895, is not mentioned, and the sectional name then proposed for E. blandianum and its allies is ignored, even in synonymy. Some fine new species of Ctelocentrum are described, while others made known by Dall are omitted. It is in the genus Holospira, however, that eccentricity seems most pronounced. An American malacologist, whom we had supposed was not unknown in Berlin, published a new classification of this genus in September, 1895 (two years and three months before the appearance of the genus in the Biologia), in which the species were distributed into some six sections or subgenera according to the presence and arrangement or absence of folds, laminre or plaits within the shell. This was a great advance in the study of the genus, as the species are so similar externally that their determina- tion without such an aid as this was difficult and uncertain ; to say nothing of the gain in knowledge of the interrelations and descent of the species. In the Biologia not only are these subgenera com- pletely ignored — denied a line in the synonymy — but even the facts of nature which they represent are unnoticed in the tables of specific characters. After this it does not seem worth while to mention such 12 THE NAUTILUS. trifles as that H. clavl/ormis Martens, 1897, was described and figured as H. elizabethce as long ago as May, 1889, from specimens taken at the same locality, or that species published from Mexico in 1896 are not mentioned. The peculiar group Epirobia Strebel is made a subgenus of Holo- spira. Whether this rank is or is not correct, may fairly be held a matter of opinion ; but that von Martens errs radically in including all of the Mexican " Cylindrella " in Epirobia is not a matter of opinion but of fact. The true Epirobia species have teeth consider- ably like Holospira correllated with a hollow shell axis (as in Holospira and Ccelocentrum'); and here belong apiostoma, polygyra, polygyrellit, and, perhaps, some others. Other continental species, such as bourguignatiana, morini, speluncce, subtilis, have the entirely different dentition of the slender Antillean species of Cylindrella, such as those of the Caribbean Islands, correllated with a, solid shell axis, and unquestionably belong to a widely different genus. The only species left in " Cylindrella" by von Martens is C bourguignatiana Ancey, of which he says " unknown to me," cur- iously forgetting to cite the figures of it published in 1891, although the paper which these figures illustrate is freely quoted in the earlier parts of the Biologia. Want of inclination as well as lack of space forbids allusion to numerous other infelicities in the text ; and it is a pleasure to say that the plates are superb examples of lithography. It cannot but be a matter of serious regret to conchologists inter- ested in Mexican and Central American land snails that the later parts of this great work fail to sustain the high standard of the earlier, and that they fall short of what all have learned to expect from their brilliant and eminent author. — H. A. P. ON THE ANATOMY OF Apera Burnupi, E. A. SMITH, by Walter E. Collinge, (Ann. Mag. N. H., Aug., 1 897). The detailed anatomy of this South African Testacelloid slug is prefaced by a resume of the history of the genus, which was originally established by Bin- ney under the preoccupied name Chlamydophorus. The pedal (sub- oral) gland, as usual in Agnatha, is very large. The genital system is rather simple, with very short vas deferens hardly differentiated from the slender penis, and the spermatheca is large and of peculiar form. The genus is held to be nearer to Testacella than to Schizo- glossa of the Rhytididse ; but while this is probably correct, it is difficult to form an estimate of its affinities without some knowledge of the muscular system, kidney, etc. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XII. JUNE, 1898. No. 2. A LIST OF LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS OF ENGANIO WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR. The shells forming the subject of this paper were collected in the Island of Enganio by Mr. William Doherty, by whom they were sent to Mr. Aldrich, of Birmingham, Ala. Enganio, or Pulo Telan- jang, is a small island surrounded by deep sea, off the southwest coast of Sumatra, about one hundred miles west of Benkoelen. Mr. Doherty has published in the "Asiatic Journal " of Bengal, 1886, his observations upon this island. From geological features and the faunal relations of the birds and insects collected, he concludes that Enganio forms a continuation of a submerged mountain chain, isolated peaks of which constitute the present Nias group. He finds the fauna of Enganio to be more closely related to that of the Anda- mans and the Nicobars than to that of Sumatra, and also to possess decided Javau affinities. He finds other evidence of the long isola- tion of this island from either the mainland or neighboring islands. A study of these shells tends to confirm the correctness of hia views. The land and fresh water mollusks of Perak, and, in general, of the entire Malay Peninsula, bear a striking resemblance to those of Enganio. I have been unable to learn anything about the inollus- can fauna of the Nias group, which, if known, would probably furn- ish additional evidence of the one-time closer connection of Java and the mainland through Enganio, the Nias group, the Nicobara and the Andamans. As will be seen, several of the species herein enumerated are identical with Javan forms, and others strongly 14 THE NAUTILUS. suggest Andaman and sometimes Indian species. None may be directly referred to any Sumatra species. These species of Enganio and Sumatra that do most resemble one another are widely distribu- ted throughout the Malayan province, yet none of them are identi- cal. It should be admitted, however, that the Sumatran land shells are less perfectly known than those of either Java or the mainland, and it is possible that a more thorough conchological exploration of the island might disprove the conclusion that Enganio bears to it so distant a relation. 1. Melania (Melanoides) herculea Gld. var. PI. 2, fig. 6. This species with variabilis Bens., episcopalis Lea, of India ; julieni Desh., chaperi, perakensis from the Malay peninsula; bocceana Brot. from Sumatra ; varicosa and infracostata from Java, etc., constitute a natural group of allied forms admitting a considerable range of speci- fic variation. Many of the more recently published species of this group, will, I believe, be found to be no more than local varieties of Benson's well known Melania variabilis. Dr. Brot suggests the identity of M. herculea and M. variabilis, which, if correct, will re- duce the former to varietal rank ; nevertheless I have thought it best to refer these specimens to herculea as they agree almost per- fectly with authentic examples in the National Museum. In the Enganio shells the whorls are slightly less rounded than in the typical form, and the number of heavy longitudinal ribs is some- what greater (16 to 20). The inside of the aperture is bluish-white with two purplish-brown revolving color bands to be seen upon the outside of the shell only in young specimens. 2. Melania (Melanoides} badia n. -. PL 2, fig. 7. Shell heavy, strong. Whorls 14 to 15, excavated below the suture, the first 3 or 4 generally lost ; remaining upper whorls decorated with sharp longitudinal riblets which are crossed just above the suture by a series of four revolving strise. The balance of the shell is perfectly smooth, no trace of other than faint growth lines being visible under the glass. The median whorls of the spire are ornamented with a revolving row of spots, or broken line, of dark chestnut. Suture simple ; below the suture a zone of some- what lighter color on the last three whorls. Aperture small, widened below, pointed above, outer lip simple, columella callous. Bluish within, a rich chestnut without. Height 40, diam. 12£ mm. The main characters of this shell are — (a) its solidity, (b) costate upper whorls, (c) smooth lower whorls, (d) interrupted line of dark THE NAUTILUS. 15 chestnut along the upper middle whorls just below the suture. In most specimens the first three or four whorls are broken off, leaving only about two that show the sharp costulation. 3. Melania hastula Lea. One young specimen, apparently referable to this species. 4. Neritina zigzag Lam. 5. Neritina cornea L. 6. Neritina turrita Chemn. All of these have a wide distribution throughout the East Indies. 7. Melampus fasciatus Desh. Color pattern very variable. A variety, "javanica," occurs in Java (Mousson, p. 46). 8. Pythia striata Reeve. This agrees more perfectly with the mainland form than with the Javan P. pyramidata, yet for geographical reasons it may be likely that this is a localized variety of the latter. The two species seem to be very close. 9. Cassidula mustellina Desh. Quoted from the Philippines to Java. 10. Amphidromus enganoensis Fulton. Ann. and Mag., series 6, Vol. 17, p. 71. 11. Trochomorpha Hartmani Pfr. Originally described from Java. The largest of three specimens collected measures: height 1T5, greater diam. 35, lesser diara. 29 mm. 12. Planispira Aldrichi n. s. PI. 2, figs. 4, 5. Shell depressed, deeply umbilicate, low conic above, rounded be- neath; acutely carinated at periphery. Whorls 4£, the last not descending, excavated above and below the keel. Aperture some- what oblique, subtriangular. Lip simple above, expanded below, basal lip reflexed partly over the umbilicus. Ends of lip connected by a faint callous. Sutures not impressed. Light chestnut brown, a darker space above and below the keel and above the sutures. Sculpture of faint wrinkles of growth, covered with very faint, re- volving strife below the keel ; under the glass showing a minutely pitted-granular surface, the granulation more pronounced below the keel. Alt. 15, greater diam. 28, lesser diam. 23 mm. 16 THE NAUTILUS. The nearest neighbor is Planispira trochalia Benson, from the Andaruans, from which, however, it is very distinct. This species would probably fall within the subgenus Trachia, even though its last whorl is not descending. The pitted surface indicates the pres- ence of hairs in young specimens — a special character of this group. 13. Macrochlamys Dohertyi n. s. PI. 2, figs. S, 9. Shell perforate, depressed, nearly planulate above, thin, shining; excavated about the umbilical region. Whorls 4*, convex, exca- vated at the sutures. Aperture lunate-circular. Lip simple, slightly reflected over the umbilical perforation. Growth lines strong below the suture, becoming faint on the periphery, a trace of faint revolving strife on the base. Alt. 6, maj. diam. 13$, ruin. diam. 11 mm. Spire more depressed than in M. amboinensis Mart., var. perforata Bttg. (Java) and umbilicus smaller. Resembles also M. malaccana Pfr. (Sumatra), but has more impressed sutures. 14. Helicarion albellus Mart. var. I refer this doubtfully to albellus, which has a somewhat shorter spire. Probably a localized variety of the Javan species. « 15. Glessula ? Specimen too poor for satisfactory identification. 16. Prosopeas argentea n. s. PI. 2, fig. 10. Whorls fully 8, slightly convex. Apex obtuse. Sutures well impressed. Aperture oblique, elongate, pointed above, dilated in the middle, narrow below. Lip sharp and thin ; columella slightly arcuate ; ends of lip connected by an exceedingly thin shining cal- lous. Growth lines closely crowded, strong and roughened. First or apical whorls regularly costulate. Color shining silvery white, becoming yellowish toward the base. Height 23, diam. 6 mm. The Stenogyras are widely distributed throughout the Malayan province, being represented in all the islands by more or less closely allied species.. This resembles Opeas acutissima Bttg. ( 0. hastatus Bttg.), of Java, in color and sculpture, but is less slender and has fewer whorls. It is a much larger shell than 0. achatinacea Pft\, of Java. It differs from Opeas paroensis Bock, of Sumatra, in being a larger shell with a smaller apex. Stenogyra echelensis de Morg. of Perak, bears a strong resemblance to this Enganio form. VOL. XII. •<• ' . J» "*** •*»• •l**f PLATE II. 9 10 HENDERSON— ENGANIO MOLLUSKS. THE NAUTILUS. 17 17. Lagochilus ciliferus Mousson. The typical form (Javan) is somewhat carinated, but this does not seem to be a persistent character. These bear scarcely a trace of carination. 18. Leptopoma vitreum Less. Slightly heavier than typical. 19. Crossopoma enganoense n. s. PI. 2, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell much depressed. Whorls 5£, well rounded. Sutures channeled, the channel being partially covered by succeeding whorl below. Aperture oblique, scarcely descending, round. Peristome double, the outer border expanding above into a sutural fold, slightly descending and sinuate, reflected below. Inner peristome deeply notched above, elsewhere continuous and almost exactly round. Umbilicus wide, showing all the whorls. Growth lines prominent. Sometimes a series of heavy cord-like spiral lines on last whorl. Light yellowish-brown above, mottled with irregular patches of dark chestnut; a white band at periphery ; a dark chest- nut band below this of more or less solid color ; base light chestnut with a wide, white (denuded) band within the umbilicus. Operculum horny 4. nearly flat, multispiral, edges slightly raised and bevelled, nucleus central, slightly concave below. Alt. 15, greater diam. 30, lesser diam. 24 mm. The color pattern is somewhat variable, though following in gen- eral that of the type. In many specimens the sutural canal is en- tirely covered. It bears a strong superficial resemblance to Crosso~ poma planorbulum Lam. (Sumatra), but differs in being higher, more deeply umbilicated, and in the notched inner peristome. It differs also from Pterocyclus sluiteri Btg. (Java), in its higher spire, less oblique aperture, less developed wing on outer peristome and more pronounced notch upon the inner peristome as well as in the general color pattern. The operculum of this shell is rather that of Cyclophorus than of Pterocyclus, but its shell characters are essen- tially of the latter. It is a third species of von Marten's genus Crossopoma, based upon the crenate or toothed edges of the outer lamella of the operculum. 20. Helicina ? I am unable to refer this to any known species. 21. Truncatella ceylonica Pfr. A widely distributed shell. 18 THE NAUTILUS. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONID2E, WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION.1 BY DR. V. STERKI. The classification of the Unionidse is undergoing considerable changes, owing to a closer study of their anatomy, and we are await- ing Mr. Simpson's publication with considerable interest. In the meantime a few observations made on many of our species, espe- cially from the Ohio river drainage, may be worth communicating. 1. The difference in the season of maturing ova and sperma, and discharging the young, in the different groups, has been confirmed by the examination of thousands of specimens from different waters. In Lampsilis2, the ova and sperma are matured, and the former trans- ferred to the branchiae, during summer. The young are mature in fall, and a part of them discharged during October and November, but most of them are retained until spring. Some of the branchial sacks, single, or in groups of several, were found empty before win- ter, e. g. in L. alatus and subovatus, and the same was found early in spring ; but in most species, the marsupium was still fully charged at that time. Very probably the time of spawning, as it has been called, depends, to a certain degree, on the weather and the temper- ature of the water. It would be of value to make such observations in the south, and also on the Great Lakes. Quite different it is with the other Uniones, with a few exceptions. Their branchiae are invariably found empty during fall, winter and early spring, while the ovaries are charged with ova and the testes with mature sperma. Their season of charging the branchiae, bring- ing the young to maturity and dismissing them, is in the summer, and naturally lasts a considerably shorter time than in Lampsilis and the other winter breeders. This discrepancy in the season of propagating, in connection with the different types of the uterus sacks, and the characters of the shell, I consider very significant and pointing at a different phylo- genetic origin of the several groups. They probably originated at different geological ages and under different climatic conditions. In many species, the ovaries and testes were seen beginning renewed activity while the young were still in the branchiae, and this is probably so in general. the articles of Mr. C. T. Simpson in Am. Naturalist, April, 1895 and the NAUTILUS XI, p. 19, and by the writer, the NAUTILUS IX, p 91. 3 A well characterized and well defined genus. THE NAUTILUS. 19 Sometimes mature, or apparently mature glochidia and quite un- developed ova are found mixed up in the branchial sacks. Whether the latter will develop into embryones later, or remained unchanged for want of impregnation, remains to be studied up. 2. Branchial sacks, or uteri. On Lampsilis, the branchial sacks are differentiated even when not charged with ova or young. They are situated in the posterior part of the outer branchia, in a group, the marsupium, which, when charged, is very considerably enlarged, often exceeding half the length of the shell, and crowding away the unchanged anterior and posterior parts of the branchiae. It has already been said that the number of sacks is, to a certain degree, characteristic for each species, yet rather variable even in individ- uals of the same size, and it is also hardly ever the same on the two sides. In the young, there are only a few, and their number is increasing with the age of the auimal. They are also not all of the same size, and each one may occupy a smaller or greater number of branchial filaments. In younger animals, there are always a number of small, empty sacks adjacent to the gravid ones, preformed to be charged in the following year. The shape of the uterus sacks in U. irroratus Lea is known from the author's description and figure. There is considerable variation in their numbers. Of three specimens from the same place, all medium sized, one had seven sacks on one side, four on the other, the second had eleven and ten, the third, ten and eight. At the proximal ends there were exclusively ova ; at some distance, those in the periphery had transformed into glochidia, and at the distal ends the latter were in excess, while a great number of ova had still remained unchanged. In accordance with this, the flesh color was much more intense at the proximal than at the distal ends, as the ova are colored, the young colorless.3 The ova are packed closely together and coherent by some intermediate substance, so that the whole worm-like cylinder can be extracted in toto from the enclos- ing membrane. The young, in the uterus, show marked differences from those of all other species seen, as to soft parts and shell. The latter is con- siderably longer than high and has numerous distinct, crowded, con- centric lines of growth. Its length is O21, alt. 0'17, diam. 0'14 mill- imeters. * In one specimen, the ova, and so the whole cylinders, were colorless, a rare exception. 20 THE NAUTILUS. In cornutus Bar., the sacks are also permanently differentiated, about six or seven on each side, near the middle of the outer branchiae, and considerably projecting over their edges, much as in irroratiis. But while the latter were found gravid in fall, the few cornutus seen, had the marsupia empty at that time, (late in Octo- ber) ; the ovaries were filled with ova and the testes with sperma. More observations are necessary. U. phaseolus is so different from all other species and groups that Simpson and Wetherby are certainly right in regarding it as the representative of a distinct genus. The outer branchiae, in their whole extent, are permanently differentiated, much less high than the inner ones, and with a brownish edge. Thin and even while barren, they are much larger when gravid, and heavily, somewhat irregularly plaited, the folds being caused by the considerable increase of the length of the branchiae. The sacks are very numerous ; in a large specimen, 283 were counted on one side. Each one is formed by a thin, translucent, yet rather strong and somewhat rigid mem- brane, enclosing the ova, or the young, loosely inserted in the sub- stance of the branchiae, with a projecting, half-globular head. It. can easily be extracted, and, when the young are mature, probably, is expelled in toto. The young, although in the shape of the shell not much different from other species, shows marked peculiarities of the soft parts. The uteri were found charged from July, or August to April, in numerous specimens. More exact data must still be obtained. Most of the remaining species of the old genus Unio show no differentiation of the branchiae or parts of them which are destined to lodge the ova and the young animals. The outer branchiae, in adult specimens, are charged in their whole extent, and often4 also the inner pair; while gravid, they show only a general bulging, but no differentiated or prominent parts, and after the young are discharged, they are in no way different from "common" gills, except a somewhat ragged margin now and then in old specimens. Of a number of species, those cited by Lea, and some others, we know that also their inner branchiae were found charged, but we do not know whether this is constantly so or not, and whether in all species it may be found occasionally. This uncertainty is partly * In the writer's article, 1. c., p. 91 there is a sad, unintentional lapsus, and cited by Mr. Simpson (1. c. ), about this point; the correction will be found in the above. THE NAUTILUS. 21 due to external causes ; probably nine-tenths, or more, of all collect- ing has been done during late summer and fall, since in spring and early summer the water is usually high, muddy and cold, and col- lecting is difficult, and in many places almost impossible. Now it is necessary that we overcome those difficulties and secure large numbers of muscles just in the time when the Lampsilis discharge their young and those under consideration become gravid. ( To be continued.} DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HELIX. BY C. F. ANCEY. Helix disparilis Ancey. (PI. I, fig. 13). Testa imperforata, leuticularis, solidula, subnitida, carinata, su- perne et infra subtus cariuam Itetefulva et rnaculis strigisque virenti luteis irregulariter conspersa. circa regionem umbilicarem luteo- virens, concolor. Spira depresso-fornicata, convexa, valde obtusa. Anfractus 5, regulariter crescentes, perparum convexi, sutura liueari et superficial! discreti ; embryonales kevigati, concolores, sequentes oblique striatuli, ultimus lineis impressis spiralibus confertisque, sub- tus pnesertim perspicuis striatus, sequaliter utriuque convexus, carina acuta mediana insiguis, antice lenissime vixque deflexus, in umbilici loco impressus. Apertura perobliqua, diagonalis, securiformis, fauce pallidula, marginibus distantibus, callo tenui ad insertionem subincrassato junctis, supero antice rotundatim producto, declivi, obtusato, basali elliptico, subincrassato. Peristoma haud, nisi infra carinam expansiusculum. Diam. max. 17?, min. 14?, alt. 7? mill. Locality unknown. This is a very ambiguous and highly interesting shell. It is un- known to Mr. E. A. Smith of the British Museum, to whom it was submitted by Mr. John Ponsonby, of London. Its color is very striking, reminding one of that of Helix parilis Rang, while the form is nearly that of Helix Josephines, but it has no teeth on the peristome and the sculpture is peculiar. Notwithstanding its external facies, I however think the true affinities of this remarkable species are with Dendrotrochus Pilsbry, such as D. Cleryi, Eva, etc., and Mr. Ponsonby shares my opinion. The absence of locality is un- fortunate, as it would, perhaps, enable us to guess to what group it might belong. ^>^ /& -' y&^& \C\ 22 THE NAUTILUS. The type has been in my collection for about 20 years ; it is very perfect. A similar, but partially broken example, is in my father's hands. I never saw others. NOTICES OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. The following forms were included by name in the recently pub- lished catalogue of American Land Shells, but have not hitherto been described. Epiphragmophora arrosa var. expansilabris n. v. Compact and globose-turbinate, imperforate or nearly so, wrinkle striate, malleated in places ; band above periphery broad and dark ; spire conic, whorls 5f ; lip very broadly expanded, reflexed below, thickened within, white. Alt. 19-20, diam. 23-25 mm. Near Eureka, Humboldt Co., California. The specimens de- scribed were received from Mr. Fred L. Button. The band is some- times wanting. Epiphragmophora tudiculata var. umbilicata n. v. Shell sruoothish, the malleation weak or subobsolete ; umbilicus widely open. Alt. 16s, diam. 27, width of umbilicus 3 mm., or smaller with similar proportions. San Luis Obispo Co., California. Types were presented to the Academy by Mr. John Ford. Polygyra lawse var. tallulahensis n. var. Very small, shaped like P. jejuna Say, the peristome expanded, subreflexed, thickened within, no teeth or lamellae; umbilicus minute. Whorls 4£, the last with a slight ridge or crest and then a wide groove behind the peristome, slightly descending in front. Surface nearly lusterless, with faint growth lines and sparse, sub- obsolete spiral striae. Alt. 3£, diam. 5£ mm. Tallulah Falls, Georgia. This is apparently the toothless form mentioned in Man. Ame'r. Land Shells, p. 317. Polygyra tridentata var. complanata n. var. Shell large, depressed and glossy, with weak striation ; whorls 6, umbilicus rapidly expanding in the last whorl, between | and & the THE NAUTILUS. 23 diameter of shell ; lip teeth of aperture typical in position, but very small, almost obsolete. Alt. 10, diam. 23 mm. Burnside, Ky. (James H. Ferris). Types No. 71,399 coll. A. N. S. P. Macrooeramus texanus n. sp. Shell resembling M. Gossei of Jamaica, but constantly stouter, decidedly less attenuated above. Sculpture of thread-like oblique stria?, finer and closer; sutural crenulation more irregular on the lower whorls, and disposed to be subobsolete. Whorls 9* to 10*. Alt. 10z, diam. of penultimate whorl 3J mm. Alt. 8f, diam. of penultimate whorl 3j mm. New Braunfels, Comal Co., Texas. Macroceramus floridanus n. sp. Shell resembling M. Gossei somewhat, but smaller, very much more finely and closely striated, the sutural denticles less pro- nounced, mainly formed by the confluence of three or several striae (instead of one or two, as in Gossei) ; striation of the spire finer than in M. texanus. Whorls 9 to 9£. Alt. 7i to 8, diam. of penul- timate whorl 3 mm. Little Sarasota Bay, Florida. A comparison with good series of the true M. Gossei Pfr. from Jamaica, the type locality, with Beries from Florida and Texas, shows that there are certain readily observable differences. The Jamaican shell is more coarsely and distantly striated than any Continental specimens ; the denticles at the suture are formed by single striae or the confluence of two, and the shell is more con- spicuously variegated than the generality of Floridan or Texan specimens. If fig. 458 of the " Manual of American Land Shells " was drawn from a Continental shell, or from the Jamaican M. Gossei, it is incorrect in showing all the striae simple at the sutures. That figure, however, is probably incorrectly drawn. M. Gossei var. arctispira Aric. from Utilla Island, Honduras, is apparently a small race of M. concisus Morelet, a common species in Yucatan. NOTES AND NEWS. ERRATUM. — Correct the following in February NAUTILUS, p. 113, 2d line from foot of page for " in the valve " read " in the left valve." 24 THE NAUTILUS. CONCHOLOGY IN THE KLONDYKE. — The following extract from a letter just received from Mr. P. B. Randolph, of Seattle, Wash., who is now in the Klondyke, may be of interest to readers of the NAUTILUS. Mr. Randolph left Seattle on July 31st of last year, and was 28 days in reaching Dawson City. He writes : " On my way in I collected a number of the smaller land and fresh water shells of the coast region at Dyea, on the ocean side of the mount- ains, and at Lake Linderman on the Yukon water shed. They consisted, on the Dyea side, of Paiula pauper, Conulus fulrus, Ver- tigo ovata (?) ; on Lake Linderman of the same with Vitrina sp., Limmm two species and Valvata sincera(7). " At Duncan's Island, on the trip up, I collected a number of Selenites Vancouver ensis and Mesodon townsendiana. I found two dead shells here (Dawsou City) of Succinea sp., and hope to find specimens when the snow melts, though the fires ran through this country last year completely destroying the undergrowth and moss." — Geo. H. Clapp. Sometime ago Mrs. Mary P. Gluey of Spokane, Washington, sent to me a small lot of Pyramidula strigosa Gld. and young taken from the oviducts of some found in Rathdrum, Idaho. In reply to my inquiry about them she writes : " I had cleaned several hundred strigosa and never found but one specimen with young, until a lot of fifty from which these came, and which contained from 6 to 15 each. — S. Raymond Roberts. A specimen of Unio complanatus Sol. (dead shell, but good and rather large), has recently been found at New Philadelphia, Ohio, in a mill race on the Tuscarawas River, Ohio River drainage. Probably the species has spread from Lake Erie by way of the Ohio Canal over the divide. — Dr. V. Sterki. LIST OF A COLLECTION OF SHELLS FROM THE GULF OF ADEN, by W. H. Dall (Field Columbian Museum Pub., No. 26). A brief list of shells collected by the well known ornithologist D. G. Elliot. There are numerous typographical errors such as Nerita " albicola," Trochus " saya," Turritella "torutosa," etc., etc., and two Olivas are put in the Trochidce. The value of the list hardly warrants the pre- tentious style of publication, but as it was published, it would have been better had the proof been submitted to the author for cor- rection, for, of course, the blunders are not Dall's. THE NAUTILUS. RARY VOL. XII. JULY, 1898. No. 3. A NEW JAMAICAN LAND SHELL. BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR. Eavenia Holland! n. s. I ni perforate, rather thin, subtranslucent, pale horn color. Whorls 10, well-rounded, sutures impressed ; from 30 to 35 somewhat strongly developed longitudinal waving ribs upon each whorl, except upon the two apical which are perfectly smooth. Apex obtuse. Aperture ear shaped, much narrowed in the middle, suggestive of the figure 8. Columella strongly twisted like the letter "S,"and thickened. Outer lip slightly pinched in the middle where it is armed with a prominent tooth. Alt. 9 mm. "Jamaica," Dr. W. J. Holland. The genus Eavenia was created in 1873 by Crosse (Journal de Conch., Vol. 21, p. 69) to include a single species from Curacoa, jR. blandi (do. Vol. 22, pi. 2, fig. 4). The author remarks that the form is an eccentric one "between Spimxis and Pupa." Tryou, in St. and Syst. Conch. (Pt. 3, p. 18), in- cludes the genus within the Streptaxidce. The exact position of this curious genus is doubtful, and, without a knowledge of the anatomy, cannot definitely be placed. It is not unlikely, however, that it will fall within the Stenogyridce, probably next to Spit-axis. The character of the constriction in the centre of the outer lip is common to Spiraxis, and is sometimes to be observed in Varicella, the Jamaican section of Glandina. There 26 THE NAUTILUS. are one or two of the rarer species of Spiraxis described by Adams that are suggestive of Ravenia. An examination of the types of these may necessitate their removal from Spiraxis. Note. — I am inclined to believe that the relation between the Jamaican Glandinas and the various genera of Stenogyra found ia the same island is much closer than supposed. Often the dividing line between Ope as, Subulina and Varicella is annoyingly close. It is to be regretted that a comparative anatomical study of the Glan- dina and Stenogyra in Jamaica has never been made. LAND SHELLS OF GTJN CAY, BAHAMAS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Gun Cay is a tiny islet on the extreme western border of the Bahama group. It is low, with very scant vegetation — " a few scattered specimens of cactus, wild grapes, wild geraniums and ver- bena " — with the usual Bahaman shore plants. There is a light- house, but no settlement. Dr. Wm. H. Rush, U. S. N., some years ago collected there the following species : 1. Ctenopoma bahamense Shuttl. ? One very young specimen. 2. Cepolis (Hemitrochus^) sp. (young ; rib-striate, like C.filicosta Pfr.). 3. Thysanophora vortex Pfr. 4. Cerion incanum Biuney. Basal volution more distinctly cos- tate than in Key West examples. 5. Cerion Pillsburyi Pilsbry & Vanatta.1 A new form resembling C. regina, but with narrow umbilical area. It is named at the re- quest of Dr. Rush, in honor of Lieutenant-Commander John Elliott Pillsbury, of the U. S. Coast Survey steamer " Blake." 6. Cerion glans Kiister, var. The only previous record from this islet is in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. xxv, no. 9, p. 119, 1894, where Dall enumerates three spe- cies collected by Prof. A. Agassiz : Cerion cinereum, C. pannosum and Cepolis (Hemitrochus') Troscheli. The young Hernitrochus taken by Dr. Rush may be an immature Troscheli, but it is more strongly ribbed than usual in that species. described in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1897, p. 366. THE NAUTILUS. 27 C. pannosum is a species of Little Cayman, south of Cuba, and as none of the Cayman species have been known to occur in the Ba- hamas, it is not unlikely that the identification might be modified on further comparison of good specimens; I think it likely that the form described as C. Pillsburyi is what was identified as pannosum, which it somewhat resembles. C. cinereum of Maynard is the typi- cal C. glans Kiister of New Providence, so that this corresponds with what Dr. Rush collected. At all events, it appears that at least six or seven species of land shells inhabit Gun Cay. ^ w Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, Cerion Fordii Pilsbry and Vanatta ; Fig. 5, Orion Pills* buryi P. & V., the latter from Gun Cay. A NEW SPECIES OF CERES FROM MEXICO. BY W. H. BALL. Ceres Nelsoni n. sp. Shell large, depressed, with a sharp, somewhat upturned keel over which the inner edge of succeeding whorls is laid ; color from pale lemon-yellow to deep orange, the umbilical region polished, translu- cent and always pale lemon-yellow ; whorls seven, the nucleus pol- ished, smooth, translucent, slightly prominent, of a whorl and a half; succeeding whorls flattened above, with an appressed suture, with low, fine raised threads in harmony with the incremental lines tend- ing to break up into granules, which, with the growth of the shell, gradually come to take on a centrifugal direction, and, in the adult, near the aperture, have a trend nearly at right angles to the lines of growth ; on the base the rugosities have a more punctate or vermi- 28 THE NAUTILUS. cular aspect, and in the young are much obscured by the polish of the base of the shell ; base rounded moderately, about as much as the spire, slightly depressed, with a very thin, brilliantly polished callus near the axis ; aperture with the upper lip projecting consid- erably beyond the lower one, moderately thickened and rounded, overrunning the keel at the inner corner where there is a narrow, sharp sulcus, of which the termination in fully adult shells makes a a decided notch in the edge of the lip ; lower lip receding, flexuous slightly thickened ; throat with three basal, one axial and two par- ietal, strong, subequal, spiral laminee, much as in C. salleana, the pillar very short, rendered flexuous by the end of the keel ; the in- ternal walls of the preceding whorls and most of the axis, absorbed. Lat. of base (major) 30, (minor) 26, alt. 11 mm. Habitat, Pilitla, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. W. Nelson. This is the finest species of the genus, more evenly divided by the keel, more depressed, and larger than C. salleana or C. eolina, the only species hitherto known. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL OEGANS OF UNIONIDJE, WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION. BY DR. V. STERKI. (Concluded^) " Margaritana." Considerable changes will be necessary about those species hitherto ranged under this genus, and some evidently related forms, e. g. Unio pressus Lea and Anod. edentula Say. The latter two species seem to stand near Marg. truncata, rugosa and complanata. In all of them, the soft parts are of rather the same appearance, and especially so are the branchiae, of which the outer are gravid, in almost their whole extent, from fall to spring. U. presses, Marg. rugosa and A. edentula were found with the posterior halves of the branchiae empty — evidently just emptied, the anterior part still filled with young, in spring. Some of them were seen with the branchiae empty, the gonads charged, in July. In edentula, the young are arranged in a singular way, apparently different from others. There are small, cylindrical, worm-like, whit- ish masses, of about one mill, diameter, lying transversely in the brauchise, closely packed together. In them, the young are located, six to ten or more in each one, in single or double file, each one in THE NAUTILUS. 29 an isolated cavity, which is evidently corresponding with, and de- scendant from an ovum. These cylinders seem to be not homologous with the "sacks" in Lampsilis and other groups, and may properly be called placentae. When removed from the branchiae and sur- rounded by water, they swell up, at the same time becoming more translucent, and each embryo is dislodged from its cavity, evidently expelled by the swelling of the surrounding substance, and the exit facilitated by its softening. But each one is still hanging on the cylinder, held by a short byssus thread, whose proximal end is attached to the soft parts of the young, the distal to the inner lining of the ovum cavity. Very probably these placentae are discharged as such by the parent, with the young first enclosed, and then attached for some time. In the other species named above, the ai-rangement is rather similar; the young are attached to and held together by filaments which seem to be homologous with the placentae of edentula. And the same byssus has been seen in the young of marginata, coiled up at the distal end. The embryonic young of these species as well known, are all of the same type, i. e. pointed below and strongly " hooked," quite different from those of other groups, a very significant character. The shells of the adult show some common features, and their nacre is of rather the same appearance. All these qualities combined seem to prove that the several species under consideration, with some nearly related forms, constitute a rather well characterized genus. That the hinge of edentula is still more rudimentary than that of most of the others, can be no valid argument to the contrary, and also the more developed placentae are, in my opinion, of secondary significance. 3. Gonad and gravid branchice in the young and old; Parasite.— It has already been stated that in young individuals, two, three, or possibly four years old, the gonads are not yet developed at all, and at that period the shells show no distinction of sexes, even in Lamp- silis. The animals seem to be asexual and, in this respect may be regarded as larvae. There are very few animals, of higher or lower order, showing this peculiarity in their apparently definite state, except possibly some of their congeners, marine Pelecypods. When the gonads commence growing, there are at first few acini developed, producing small quantities of either ova or sperma. It is a ques- tion, however, whether at that juvenile age the future sex of an in 30 THE NAUTILUS. dividual be already established in some way, or becomes so only with the development of the gonad. On the other hand, in very old specimens, the ovaries and testes seem to become atrophied, and lose their capacity of producing ova and sperma, respectively. There is a mass of fibrous, connec- tive tissue, while the glandular elements are considerably diminished or entirely lost. Yet it must be mentioned here that there is another cause of that degeneration. In the ovaries and testes of many species and differ- ent genera, from the Ohio and Tuscarawas Rivers, the Ohio canal, and other places, I have found a singular, polymorphous, worm-like parasite, of microscopic size and low organization, sometimes in im- mense numbers. It is very common, in old and middle-aged spec- imens, and wherever it occurs, the products of the gonad are con- siderably diminished or entirely suppressed. Details will be found in another place. It has been stated that in young Lampsilis the number of sacks in the marsupium is considerably smaller than in older ones. In the younger specimens of most other groups only a small area of the outer branchia3 may be charged, and slightly so, usually about the middle. The same is found in phaseolus. One specimen, 62 mill, long, had 12 sacks on one side, 38 on the other ; all of them were quite small, but of rather unequal sizes. 4. Hermaphroditism, etc.— It has been asserted, by different writers, partly long ago, that some, if not all, of the Unionida? are herma- phroditic, as some other groups of Pelecypods are. From my own observations I can say that it is found occasionally, rather an ex- ception than the rule, in the large majority of our species. In a number of specimens, ova and sperma were found in the same gonad, but usually one product was greatly in excess of the other. Very probably it has been overlooked in many instances, as there maybe only a few acini producing sperma in an " ovary," or vice versa. It takes a very keen eye to see that unaided, and to look over every parcel of a large gonad, requires an undue amount of time, when scores and hundreds of specimens are to be examined. > And so it would be with microscopic examination, either by looking over samples from all parts of the gonad, or by section series on hardened specimens. Yet the question should be studied carefully, especially as to Anod. imbecillis and some other species. That would be a task for persons having a good deal of time at their disposal. THE NAUTILUS. 31 One specimen of U. rubiyiitosus Lea, (Ohio Canal, May) had a few acini producing ova in the gonad charged with copious sperraa. In that instance the distinction was easy, for the bright crimson color of the ova. Among 120 specimens of U. pt/ramidatus, from the Ohio River, collected late in September, two were found contain- ing ova and sperma in the same gonads. Of U. parviis Barnes one specimen had a good quantity of sperma beside ova in abundance. This case especially needs revision. Among a limited num-ber of Anod. imbecillis four specimens (Ohio Canal, May) were found with ova and sperma in various proportions. The question whether such individuals are capable of self-im- pregnation, might be decided by experiment on such species where hermaphroditism is frequent. It has also been said that a total change of the sexes may take place in an individual, and that question also could be settled only by long continued observation and experiments. Or a large num- ber of specimens might be marked in some way, in a pond or certain place of a river or creek, and as many as can be found again, would be controlled year after year. That, however, would be necessary only for such forms in which the shells show no sexual differences. While such a change is a priori improbable in all Uniones, it ap- pears really absurd in regard to those forms in which the sexes are established and manifested by permanent characters of the branchire, and also the shells, as in Lampsilis and some others. It may be mentioned here that, as to my knowledge, observations on the question of possible ayamogenesis and parthenogenesis, in Unionidce, have not been made. Carefully conducted experiments might give interesting results in that direction. They would neces- sarily be difficult, for the possibility of hermaphroditism and self- impregnation, in every instance. 5. Sexual differences of the shells. — In Lampsilis, as well known, the posterior inferior part in the female mussel is dilated to make room for the marsupium, yet this dilatation is very various in kind and degree. But the differences sometimes are in a certain measure relative, owing to the nature of the habitat, and to inheritance. L. luteolus, e. g., in certain localities, is so short and inflated that the males may closely resemble the females froai other places where the mussels are more slender. In most other " Uniones," the differences are little marked. Yet, in general, the females are more inflated than the males, as in 32 THE NAUTILUS. undulatus, pustulosns, etc. In U. gibbosus the sexes may he rec- ognized with a fair degree of probability by the more inflated shells of the females. A decided difference we find in U. verrucosus Raf. (tuberculatus Barn.), where the older females are considerably elongated at the posterior end, that part of the shell being rather even, without the characteristic undulations and warty prominences. In younger, though fecund specimens, that feature is yet little marked. U. phaseolus shows no constant differences in the sutural shape of the shell, but a decided one on the inner surface, in older speci- mens. The female has, in each valve, a deep, oblique sulcus corre- sponding with and leaving room for the gravid outer branchise. In the female Marg. marginata the posterior end is directed downward and more inflated (with a stronger umbonal ridge), and the same can be said of " An." edentula, although it is less marked. 6. Numerical proportion of Sexes. — In most species, the number of males is in excess over that of the females, often considerably. A few examples may be cited. Of 50 specimens of L. subrostratus Say, from a lake in Indiana, only about one-third were females, and the same must be said of a lot of L. nasutus from Ohio. Here, as in many species, the females were averaging considerably smaller. Of 115 U. pyramidatus, from the Ohio River, 71 were males, and of eight retusus, seven were males, the eighth was young with the gonad undeveloped. It is a question whether this be the normal condition or due to local causes, or an evidence of beginning de- generation. In concluding, it may be said that the time has come when new species should be based not only upon the shells, but also the soft parts, if such be obtainable. New Philadelphia, Ohio, April, 1898. A NEW UNIO. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Unio villosus sp. nov. Shell ovate-elliptical, somewhat inflated, smooth, very inequi- lateral, bluntly rounded or subbiangular behind, subtruncate before, umbonal slope uniformly rounded above, disappearing at the lower margin. Substance of the shell moderately thin; very slightly THE NAUTILUS. 33 thickened before. Ligament long, thin and reddish. Beaks prom- inent and surrounded by coarse, oblique undulations, about four in number and rather acute at summit. Epidermis fuscous, black and deeply striate ; strong transmitted light shows a light-olive texture, densely covered throughout with broad, greenish rays. Cardinal teeth rather solid and deeply serrated. Lateral teeth long, slender, straight, nearly smooth and extending to the posterior cardinal. Posterior cicatrices scarcely visible ; anterior ones distinct. Beak cavities slight and rounded. Nacre tinged with salmon under the umbos, milky white anteriorly and of a bright blue and irridesceut behind. Width, 2£ in., length 11 in., diam. I in. Habitat. — Suwannee River, Suwannee County, Florida. Type in National Museum. Remarks. — This species seems to be related to both the ami/gdalum and parvus groups, is readily distinguishable from any of its associates by its remarkable width, beautiful rays and pointed, compressed posterior. It reminds one most of U. minor Lea, with which it is found, having the same dark, fuscous epidermis, and like that species is disposed to be sub-truncate before, but the rays, light teeth, thinner substance and greater size at once distinguish it. Some forms of U. trossulus Lea approach it, but the beak sculpture, outline and teeth are radically different, besides that species is never rough, but is smooth, polished and yellowish when taken from the water; the rays of the two species are quite similar, except that those of our species are only visible by the aid of transmitted light. KECENT PUBLICATIONS. SYNOPSIS OF THE RECENT AND TERTIARY PSAMMOBIID.E OF NORTH AMERICA, by W. H. Ball (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, pages 57 to 62). The title of this paper gives some idea of the ground covered by it. In the genus Psammobia a new section Grammatomya, is made by Dr. Dall, and in the group Sanguinolaria another one, Nuttallia is formed, with ftanguinolaria Nuttallii Conrad as the type. Heterodonax has been removed from the family Donacidre into this family. This will be gladly received by collectors who have been sorely puzzled to find affinites in Heterodonax bimaculata Lin. with Donax. Besides a full synonomy, the geographical distribution of the species are given. By the way, 34 THE NAUTILUS. Heterodonax bimaculata is not only collected at San Pedro all the year round, but is reported as far north as Anacapa Id. — one of the Channel Islands — off Ventura Co., California. Fossil species of Psammobiidje of the Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene formations are listed. A long list of shells that have been incorrectly named are appended under the title " Synonyms and Corrections." Some idea of the confusion which must have existed among some of the fossils of this family may be inferred when we find no less than five names have erroneously been bestowed upon Heterodonax bimaculata Liu. Dr. Dall's revision will be especially valuable to conchologists on the S. Atlantic and Pacific Coasts.— I/. B. W. ON THE MODIFICATIONS OF THE APEX IN GASTROPOD MOL- LUSKS, by Frank C. Baker, (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897). The apices of numerous species, including representatives of the main families of Gastropoda are described and illustrated by three plates of outline figures, drawn by the author. No considerable departures from a simple form occurred except in the Rhachiglossa. THE POST-PLIOCENE NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ESSEX, by A. S. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, (Essex Naturalist, X, 1897, pp. 87-109). This extensive paper apparently covers the subject in a thorough manner. Individual variation in the Pleistocene was even O more marked than at the present day. The absence of Helix pomatia furnishes additional proof of the theory that it is post- Roman in its introduction into England ; but H. aspersa has been recognized from pre-Romau deposits. Eulota fruticum (now extinct in England) occurs ; and Oyclostoma elegans was more widely dif- fused than at present. Some of the fossil species are more boreal in the modern fauna ; however there are also some species more south- ern in present distribution, so that a colder climate is not necessarily to be predicated. Helicella caperata is the only species which has increased in size since the Pleistocene, all the other forms having certainly diminished. " There can be no doubt that the Pleistocene molluscau fauna was in every way a finer one than that now exjst- iug," a conclusion of considerable interest, agreeing as it does with the mammalian fauna, which however has, of course, been affected by human intervention. The comparative age of the several expos- ures is fully discussed. Another paper, " THE MOLLUSCA OF THE ENGLISH CAVE DEPOS- ITS " by the same authors, appears in Journ. Malac. Soc. Lond., THE NAUTILUS. 35 Nov., 1897, supplements the preceding. " Hygromia urnbrosa Partsch (from Ightham fissure) is by far the most noteworthy form, since it has not been met with previously on this side of the channel. Its present range is southern Germany, Bohemia, Switzerland, etc., and according to Morch, near Holstenburg in Denmark." A peculiar form of Carycldum minimum also occurs. The exact age of this deposit is somewhat doubtful, but it is certainly Pleistocene. " Taken altogether, the shells from our cave deposits are decidedly larger than recent examples, and there can be no doubt that there has been a marked diminution in the size of our indigenous mollusca, and probably also in their numbers since Pleistocene times." In Amer- ica the only extensive Post-Pliocene deposit, the Loess, shows an opposite tendency, and the few Pleistocene caves, such as the fissure at Port Kennedy, which proved to be rich in sloth, sabre-tooth, pec- cary and other mammalian remains, have so far yielded no mollusca. M. le Dr. JOUSSEAME describes an alleged new genus and species of Nueulidce as Diabolica diabolica (Le Naturaliste, Nov., 1897, p. 265). Comment is superfluous. VERZEICHNISS DER AUF DEN PHILIPPINEN LEBENDEN LAND MOLLUSKEN, by Dr. O. von MollendorfF. (Abhandl. naturforsch Gesellsch.). In this timely list the multitudinous new species added to the Philippine fauna in recent years by Hidalgo and especially von Molleudorff are intercalated with those made known by Semper and the older authors, the whole classified, with references to descriptions and localities ; forming an indispensible handbook to the Philippine fauna. One thousand and seventy-nine species is the grand total of land shells. As an instance of the additions to this fauna made by von Molleudorff and his collaborator Quadras, we may mention the section Diaphora of Ennea, in which 32 of the 35 known species were described by him. This is an extreme case, but many genera have been more than doubled in species by von Mollendorff's researches. A very large number of the new species were des- cribed in the " Nachrichtsblatt " without figures; and it is to be hoped that the author's intention of figuring these forms will be fulfilled. We understand that another volume of Sernper's great work will be devoted to this purpose. MR. W. Moss has been investigating the genitalia of the English Zonitoides species, and has given a preliminary notice of some interesting results before the (Brit.) Conch. Soc., May 12, 1897. He announces the finding of a channel-shaped calcareous organ with 36 THE NAUTILUS. a rim or collar at one end, in the penis, similar to that which he had previously described and figured in Helix (Cochticella) acuta. Further investigations are in progress. GENERAL NOTES. NOTE ON MOLLUSKS FROM ARCADIA, MISSOURI. — Mr. Frank M. Woodruff, while on a collecting trip during the latter part of May and first part of June, incidentally picked up a few mollusks, a list of which may be of some value and interest in the study of geo- graphic distribution. The region is reported by Mr. Woodruff to be rather stony and arid, the rock being granitic, and pulmonate mol- lusks, therefore, were very scarce. The Mississippi River was very high, in fact a veritable torrent, and but one fresh-water mollusk was found. The list of species is as follows :— Latnpsilis ventricosus Barnes. Arcadia. Polyc/yra exoleta Binuey. Vineland. Polygyra thyroides Say. Viueland. Polygyra clausa Say. Arcadia. Polygyra appressa Say. Arcadia. Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea. Arcadia. Vitrea indentata Say. Arcadia. Py f. Shell large, solid, strong, with more than 21 slightly rounded whorls, color pale yellowish with darker yellow or brown flammulas ; sculpture of two revolving grooves one on each side of a peripheral slightly raised band, a little narrower than the areas between it and the sutures ; the whorls are crossed by numerous small flexuous rib- lets in harmony with the lines cf growth, those on the baud and pos- terior area oblique but nearly straight, those on the anterior area concavely arcuate, these are stronger on the spire and more feeble on the last whorl or two ; suture appressed, distinct ; last whorl moderately rounded ; pillar twisted, strong, with a sharp revolving keel and a feeble revolving ridge above it, continuing up the axis of the shell, but not visible in the aperture where the pillar seems only callous and rounded ; siphonal notch and fasciole strong. Length (of 21 whorls) 137 mm., diameter of last whorl 24 mm. This is the first typical Terebra known from the tropical waters of eastern America, and is much stouter and larger than the T. (Subula) floridana Ball. I do not find any other species with closely similar sculpture. GENERAL NOTES. The death of DR. W. H. DECAMP on July 4th is announced. A biographical sketch will appear in our next number. COLUMBELLA AVARA IN BRAZIL AND URUGUAY. — Dr. E. YOU Martens has recently described the form from Maldonado Bay re- 46 THE NAUTILUS. ferred to Colambella avara Say, in this journal for May, 1897, as a new species. C. brasiliana (Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 63, p. 171). The only difference he notes between this and the avara is that the intervals between ribs are smooth, not spirally striated. In the ser- ies of C. avara from Florida examined by me, this supposed distinc- tion proves to be invalid, some of them being quite as smooth as the South American shells. At most, C. brasiliana is only a variety. In the same paper, the Columbella misera Duclos (not Sowb.) is re- named C.japonica. — H. A. P. NOTES ON URUGUAY AND ARGENTINE FRESH-WATER SHELLS supplemental to the list in NAUTILUS, X, pp. 76-81. Amalia gagates Drap. Maldonado, Uruguay. Chilina Rushii Pilsbry. The largest specimen collected measures : alt. 22-i, diam. I3i mm.; alt. of aperture 16 mm. Limncea columella Say. Maldonado, Uruguay. The specimens seem to be the northern species; and if I am right in the identification it is probably a form introduced by man. No similar Limncea is known to me from South America. L. coluim 11« occurs as far south as Florida. Ancyltis obllquus B. & S., was collected also at San Carlos R., Uruguay. The Sphcerium and Pisidium mentioned on p. 80 are as follows : Sphceriutn argeutinum d'Orb. Creek in the Prado, Montevideo. Mr. E. R. Sykes of London has, with his accustomed good nature, compared specimens collected by Dr. Rush with the types in B. M. He writes: " There is only one valve of Cyclas ar.gentina, some- what damaged, in the Museum, with which, as far as one can judge from such a wreck, your shell is identical." Pisidium Sterkianwn Pilsbry. Same locality. Pisidium vile Pilsbry. Same locality. Requesting Mr. E. R. Sykes to compare these with Orbigny's type of P. pulchellum, he wrote " These are no specimens of Cyclas pulchella in the Museum and none were presented byd'Orbigny, as you will see by Gray's Catalogue. I am, therefore unable to com- pare these." Glabaris latomarginatm Lea and G. tenebricosus Lea were picked up at Buenos Ayres, dead valves only. — H. A. P. NOTE ON HALISTYLUS. This group was founded by Dall to contain a small, pillar-shaped shell, H. columna, from the east coast THE NAUTILUS. 47 of South America, which has the operculum and dentition of the TrochidoB. Subsequently Dr. W. H. Rush dredged the same species with a new one, H. circumstriatus Pils., in Maldonado Bay, Uruguay. Dull has referred the Californian Fenella pupoidea of Carpenter to Halistylus ; quite correctly, as it closely resembles the South Atlantic species in operculum and shell contour. There was, however, an earlier Fenella pupoides of A. Adams, which was ruled by Tryon to preoccupy Carpenter's name ; so that the West Coast species should be called Halistylus sabpupoides (Tryon). — H. A. P. KECENT PUBLICATIONS. REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUGS: BINNEYA, HEM- PHILLIA, HESPERARION, PROPHYSAON AND ANADENULUS/ By H. A. Pilsbry and E. G. Vauatta. — This admirable paper contains so much that is new and interesting that one can only recommend the malacologist to read it for himself. No mere abstract would do it justice. The whole subject is newly presented so as to bring out clearly the generic and specific characters, and while the work is complete up to date, it is full of suggestions for further investigation, so that the reader is stimulated as well as instructed. The authors excellently insist at the very beginning, that "all the facts of morphology should be taken into account in systematic classification," and " those who starve their souls on a mere study of the genitalia and oral armature miss the best part of the feast." This is very well shown in what follows. Prophysaon ccernletim is not especially marked by its genitalia or radula, but differs entirely from the other species of the genus in the external grooves on the body. P. liumile, on the other hand, has the grooves much as in the other forms, but differs greatly in the color-markings and geni- talia. P. foliolatum, again, has a good specific character in the radula. Thus the species of Prophysaon could not be well elucidated without examining all their characters, for the specific peculiarities do not reside in the same organs throughout the series. The Ariouidse are divided into three subfamilies, Arioninse, Biuneyinre (which was proposed by the present writer several years ago) and a new one, Ariolimacinse. Eight genera are recognized, 'Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [June 30], 1898, pp .219-261. Pis. IX-XVI. 48 THE NAUTILUS. Phenacarion being very properly suppressed. Prophysaon paeificum is referred to P. andersoni, a proceeding I had not expected, but which is probably correct. In this case P. andersoni v. paeificum will be the name of the yellow variety, the type being greyish — a dichroism like that offered by the European Arion subfusciis Drap. A more perplexing question relates to the probable identity of P. hum-He and fasciatum. These slugs are practically alike, except that the former has the jaw striate, while in the latter it is plicate or rib- bed. It appears that they occur together at Seattle, so it is hard to consider the difference as due to anything but variation ; yet it is certainly a curious case. In Philomycns such differences appear to have specific value. Phenacarion hewphilli W. G. B., is provisionally regarded as a synonym ofProph.foliolatum. It is probably a variety distinguished bv having yellow slime covering the body. Arion snbfuscus has such a form, which is quite distinct from the one having a yellow skin, as in P. pacific um. While the authors had a considerable amount of material at their disposal, it is evident that the region occupied by these slugs has by no means been adequately searched. Not only may it he possible to define several subspecies or races of Prop h. andersoni, but further new species, and even genera, may be discovered. Anadenulus is still only known from one locality, where it was found by Hemphill, and the distribution of most of the species is quite limited ; so there is plenty of room for striking novelties in those parts of the Pacific coast region where the foot of the sluggist has never trod. In the East, those who will hunt in gardens and greenhouses ought surely to turn up some of the European species of Arion, in addition to A. hortensis. — T. D. A. Cocker ell. DESCRIPTION OF TEN NEW SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL MOL- LUSCA FROM SOUTH AFRICA.2 By James Cosmo Melvill and John Henry Ponsonby. — The new species of this installment are mainly Enneas. A new Dorcasia, D. isomerioides, is described, the new subgenus Tulbaghinia being instituted for it. Another Achatinn is described. The richness of the fauna of South Africa, made known through the researches of Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby, is remarkable. -Annals and Magazine of N. H., Jan. 1898. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XII. SEPTEMBER, 1898. No. 5. BIFIDARIA ASHMUNI. A NEW SPECIES OF PUPIDJE. BY DR. V. STERKI. Shell cylindro-conical, with the apex rather acute, base perforated- rim ate ; whorls five, convex, with a rather deep suture, regularly increasing, the last somewhat proti acted, with a crest remote from the aperture and forming a projecting angle at the base, at last ascending; aperture strongly lateral, rounded subtriangular, equal- ling one-third the altitude of the shell, highest near its columellar side, with a sinus above on the palatal side; margin continuous, strongly everted, broadest so below, without a lip thickening; parietal lamella very large, strongly curved, nearer the periphery at its inner end ; angular lamella large, at its inner end united with the side of the parietal, at the outer with the palatal margin, thus closing the sinus above; columellar lamella large, spiral, ascending to the body whorl between the parietal and columella ; basal lamella and inferior palatal fold deep in the throat, the former radial, the latter above it, oblique; superior palatal short, tooth-like, rather remote from the margin ; surface shining, with slight, irregular stria? and microscopically rugulose, as is also the nucleus; shell horn colored, transparent ; lamella? and folds whitish ; alt. 2'0, diam. 1-1 mill. Habitat: Arizona and New Mexico. The soft parts could not be examined. In one living specimen, the foot and head were almost colorless, the mantle was slate- colored. 50 THE NAUTILUS. In size, shape and color, our species rather resembles B. procera Gld., but is somewhat more conic above, and less slender. In the formation of the last whorl and the aperture it stands near B. con- tracta Say, but is very different as to the formation of the angulo- parietal lamella and the presence of a strong, transverse basal. It is a highly remarkable and significant species, being intermediate between different groups, and showing strong features of its own. No other species of the geuus has the angulo-parietal lamella so highly developed. It is somewhat variable, in the few specimens seen ; the height varies from 1'9 to 2'3 millimeters, the color from pale to deep horn ; the parietal lamella in one New Mexico specimen is more tortuous and so large as to cover from sight the whole inferior palatal fold, which is visible only from the outside, and parts of the columellar and basal larnellse. The first three specimens seen were from the Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, kindly forwarded for examination and description by the U. S. National Museum, and at the request of Dr. Win. H. Dall, the species was named B. ashmuni. Later, two other examples, from Cook's Peak, N. M., were sent, also by the National Museum. For one specimen I am indebted to Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, who collected it at Dripping Springs, Organ Mts., N. M. New Philadelphia, O., July, 1898. NOTES ON A FEW CHITONS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. JAPANESE SPECIES. From the crevices of some valves of Ostrcea recently sent to the Academy, I obtained specimens of the following forms. Tonicia sp. Very young, length 6£ mm.; intermediate valves with 4-6 eyes in a single curved series on the forward part of each lateral area. A series of short, subobsolete grooves in front of the diagonal riblets. Head valve with 8 radial series of eyes. This is probably a new form, but too young for characterization. It is noted here because Tonicia is a genus new to the Japanese fauna. Locality, Yokohama, on Ostrcea denselamellosa. THE NAUTILUS. 51 Several valves of a different Tonicia with rugose lateral areas and head valve, lirate pleural tracts, and sparse, excessively minute eyes also occurred. Ischnochiton comptus Gld. Ischnoehiton Mitsukurii n. sp. Shell small, elevated, carinated, the side slopes slightly convex ; whitish, profusely speckled and clouded with brown, which color predominates toward the periphery. Valves not beaked, the sutural margins straight ; lateral areas somewhat raised, sculptured with three or four very shallow, incon- spicuous, radial sulci, hardly visible on some valves; the diagonal line not conspicuous ; entire surface cut into a fine, even granulation by the intersection of a series of forwardly converging with some- what stronger forwardly diverging grooves. Anterior valve evenly granular; posterior valve evenly granular, with central, scarcely projecting mucro, the slope behind it straight. Interior with the valve callus delicate purple ; in front of it and at the insertion plates green. Sutural laminse small, widely separ- ated by a wide sinus. Slits in valve i, ; in valves ii to vii, 1-1 ; in valve viii, 11. Teeth short, smooth ; eaves narrow and solid. Girdle compactly covered with small, rather coarsely striated scales, measuring O14 mm. in average width. Length about 8 mm. Angle of divergence 90°. Japan. Exact locality not known. The name is in honor of the well known Japanese zoologist. SOCORRO ISLAND, off Cape St. Lucas. A few species were collected by Mr. R. C. McGregor some time ago, and kindly presented to the Academy. Chiton articulatus Sowb. Very large specimens, measuring 90 mm. long. Chcetopleura sp. undet. A species allied to Ch. cohimbiensis but with very few pustules on the lateral areas. The surface having suffered from immersion in strong formalin, it is hardly in condition for description. Trachydermon deniiens (Gld.). Rather small, black with indistinct dirty yellowish speckling and the usual sutural dots. Gills ambient, 15 on the right, 13 on the left side. Socorro Island lies over 500 miles south of the souther- most previous locality for this species. 52 THE NAUTILUS. LIST OF MARINE SHELLS COLLECTED AT PORT GUEYDON, KABYLIA. WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYCLOSTREMA. BY C. F. ANCEY. The following is a list of marine shells mostly collected by the writer during a part of the summer of 1895. A few not personally collected are also included here and these are marked with an asterisk. Much attention has been paid to the minute shells ; thus the larger and less interesting ones have been somewhat neglected, and there is but little doubt that some, not rare indeed on the North African shores, are also to be found at Port Gueydon. This is not so good a locality for collecting as many other places visited by me, but as no list of marine shells of Kabylia has hitherto been published I thought the present one should be useful ; moreover I discovered here some little known or very rare forms, two of which at least I consider as new. Murex Irunculus Lin. One spec- imen is unusually large and has an orange-tinged aperture. Others are rather small, but very thick. Ocinebra Edwardsi Payr. Ocinebra aciculata Lain. Both alive. Muricidea cristata B r o c c h i . Fragments only. Purpura hcemaatoma Lin. Pseudomurex Meyendorffi, Calc. A single specimen, found under a stone, at low water. Pisania maculosa Lam. Pisania Orbignyi Payr. Eidhria, cornea L., f. minor. Cyllene granum Lam. Nassa incrassata Strom. Nassa costulata Ren. Nassa costulata Ren., f. minor. Nassa costulata Ren., f. minor- Icevis Monterosato. Nassa mutabilis Lin. Triton nodiferus Lam. Mitra Savignyi Payr. Living specimens. Mitra ebenus Lam. Living. Marginella miliaria Lin. Liv- ing. Mar gin el la Phillppii M o n t e r. Living. Marginella clandestina Brocchi. Living. Columella rustica Lin. Living. Mitrella scripta Lin. Living. Cassis sulcosa Brug. Empty shells. Natica Dillwyni Payr. Scala commit nis Lam. Opalia crenata Lin. Very rare. Cioniscus unicus Mont. A single living specimen. A littoral species. Odostomia inrrttoHanley. Rare. Odostomia rissoides Hanley. THE NAUTILUS. 53 Odostomia sp. ? (A very small species, not identified, found alive with the Cioniscus. Auriculina dilucida Monter. Auriculina scandens Brugnone. Parthenina excavata Phil. Parthenina turbonilloides Brus- ina. Parthenina monozona Brus. Parthenina Jeffrey si, B u c q., Dautz., DolJf. Parthenina tricincta Jeffr. Parthenina scalaris Phil. Parthenina gracilis Phil.— ema- ciata Brusina. Parthenina inter stincta Mont. Turbonilla obliqitata Phil. Turbonilla lactea Lin. Chemnitzia pallida Mont. E-ulima polita Lin. En lima distorta Desh. Eulima intermedia Cantr. Eulima incurva Ren. Eulima microstoma Brus. Cerithiopsis minima Brus. Cerithiopsis tubercularis Mont. Cerithiopsis bilineata Hoernes. Cerithiopsis Metaxa Delle Chiaje. Conus Mediterraneus Hwass. Sadropleura septangularis Lin. Mangilia tceniata Desh. Mangilia multilineolata Desh. Light and dark-colored spec- imens. Defrancia Philberti Michaud. Lachesis Folince Delle Chiaje. Lachesis turritellata Desh. Lachesis retifera Brugnone. Trivia Europcea Mont.* Cerithium rupestre Kisso= C. mediterranenm Desh. Bittiam lacteum Phil. Bittium Jadertinum Brusina. Bittiam reticulatum daCosta. Triforis perversns Lin. Littorina neritoides Lin.—cceru- lescens Lam. Rissoina Bruguierei Payr. Barlceia riibra Ad. var. The Algerian variety, brown with the base white around the col- umella. Alvania Algeriana Monterosato. Alvania Algeriana. Dark vari- ety. Alvania Montagui Payr. Alvania lineata Risso. Alvania pagodula Bucq., Dautz. and Dollfus. For the iden- tification of this and other puzzling species in the present list, I am indebted to the kind- ness of Mr. P. Dautzenberg. White and colored spec- imens. Alvania subareolata Monteros- ato. Alvania cimex Ij. = calathiscns Mont. Alvania Weinkavffi Schwartz. Alvania subcrenulata Schwartz. Alvania sculptilis Monterosato. Extremely rare. Alvania rudis Phil. Alvania mutabilis Schwartz. Apicularia Guerini Reel. Apicularia similis Scacchi. Apicularia dolium Nyst. Apicularia dolium f. castanea. One example, of an uniform brown color. Rissoa pusilla Phil. LI 54 THE NAUTILUS. Hissoa violacea Desru. Piissoa simplex Phil. Manzonia costata Ad. Cingula semistriata Mont. Oingula contorta Jeffr. Cingula contorta f. major. Setia sp. ? Setia Benjamina Monterosato. Setia amabilis Mouterosato. Liv- ing. Setia micrometrica Seguenza. Living. Peringiella nitida Brus., var. elongata Monterosato. Very rare. Pi sinn a (=Hagenmulleria~) punctnlutn Phil. = ? glabrata Miihlf. Pisinna punctulum f. elongata. Larger and more produced. Very rare. Pisinna (?) seminulum Montero- ato. This little known species was found living in quantities with P. punctulum. Zip'pora auriscalpium Liu. Rissoa sj). ? Rissoa sp. ? Eissoa sp. ? Hersilia Mediterranea Monteros- ato. Extremely rare. Vermetus triqueter Bivona. Vermetus glomeratus Lin. Caecum subannulatum Folin. Truncatella Icevigata Risso. Skenea planorbis Fab. Homalogyra Fischeriana Mon- terosato. A single specimen found alive, of this extremely minute but beautiful little species. A littoral species. Adeorbis subcarinatus Mont. Crepidula unguiformis Lin. In the interior of a large Turbo. Capulus hungaricus L. Young. Eingicula auriculata Menard. Atftralium rugosum Lin. Phasianella (Kutropia) pulla Lin. Cyclostrema nitens Phil. Rare. Cyclostrema Dautzenbergianum Anc. New species. Shell very minute (diam. 1, height z mill.), white, depressed, widely and openly umbilic- ated ; spire short, obtuse, con- vex, but little raised above the level of the last whorl. Whorls 3, rapidly increasing, with regular and delicate arched costellse, the last one furnished besides these with three con- spicuous raised and revolving line, the lower one below the periphery. Aperture some- what oblique, circular, entire. A full description and figure of this delicately sculptured little shell will be given at some future time. Only two specimens collected. Another very distinct and also new species from Algiers differs from the former in lack- ing the riblets and in having a very minute spiral striation, both above and below. There are only two revolving keels below the middle of the last whorl, the lower one being around the umbilicus, and the spiral sculpture is quite con- THE NAUTILUS. 55 spicuous in the latter. For this very scarce and distinct species, I would propose the name of C. Monierosatoi Anc. A single specimen was obtain- ed. Very rare. Gibbulaadriatica Phil. Rare. Glbbnla Racketti Payr. Living and abundant on Algte. Gibbula Drepanensis Brugnone. Living specimens, but very small. Gibbula rarilineata Michaud. Very common. Gibbula Richardi Payr. Also very common. Gibbula varia Lin. Somewhat rare. Gibbula villica Phil. Trochocochlea turbinata Born. Trochocochlea articulata Lam. Zizyphinus depictus Desh. Zizyphinus Gravince Mouterosato. Living, on Algse, but not very common. Clanculopsis glomus Phil. = C. Jussiani, var. cingulata Weink. A few living specimens. Schismope striatula Phil. Living specimens in various stages of growth. A littoral species. Haliotis lamellosa Lam. Fissuridea grceca Lin. Fissurella nubecula Lin. Emarginula tenera Monterosato. Rare. Emarginula solidula Costa. Tectura unicolor Forbes. Tectura virginea Miill. Living near the the shore, on stones. Patella ccerulea~L\i\. Abundant. Patella ccerulea L., var. Tarent- ina, von Salis. Also very common. The Patellas are edible rnollusca on the coast. Patella lusitanica Gm. Rare. Patella aspera Lam. Siphonaria Algesira: Quoy. Not common. Found with Patella. Probably the most eastern locality for the species. Utriculus truncatulus Brug. Utriculus umbilicatus Mont. Utriculus striatulus Forbes - cuneatus Tiberi. Utriculus minutissimus Martin. Volvula acuminata Brug. Haminea elegans Leach. Aplysia virescens Risso. Lepidopleurus siculus Poli. Lepidopleurus Algesirensis Cap- ellini. Lepidopleurus Rissoi Payr. Lepidopleurus Meneghinii, var. (?) Dautzenbergi Anc. Only two specimens. I extract the following note from M. Daut- zenberg's observations on my shell : "Je possede un exem- plaire sernblable de Sardai- gne etiquete Chiton Rissoi Payr., par le Dr. Tiberi, Ces deux specirnensqui concordent absolument, ne peuvent etre rapproches que du Chiton Meneghinii, Capellini (Journ. de Conch., 1858), maisils pos- sedent sur les aires laterales des valves des cotes ou plutot des series de tuberculesravonn- 56 THE NAUTILUS. antes beaucoup plus saillantes et moins nombreuses; il n'y ex- iste non plus ancune trace des sillons transverses ondules qui ornent d'une maniere tres-car- acteristique cette partie du test chez le Ck. Meneghinii, ainsi que chez le Rissoi. L' assimi- lation qu' a faite Mouterosato du Meneghinii an Rissoi dans sa monographie des Chiton de la Mediterranee parait deja un peu forcee, mais pour ce qui concerne votre coquille, elle me paraitrait tout a fait in- admissible." (Dautz., in litt.) Not having seen an authentic specimen of Meneghinii, I now prefer to make this a variety of the latter, although I am reasonably certain it will eventually be considered as a distinct species. I have much pleasure in associating with it the name of M. Dautzenberg, the well known writer on marine shells. Chiton fascicular is Lin . Saxicava arctica Lin. Mactra corallina Lin. Donax trunculus Lin. Donax semistriata Poli. Dosinia lupinus Poli. Callista chione Lin. Venus verrucosa Lin. Venus gallina Lin. Tapes decussata Lin. Tapes geographica Chemn. Since writing the above, I saw, Homaloyyra Fischer tana (No. 110 Petricola lithophaga Retz. Venerupis irus Lin. Cardium exiguum Gm. Cardium paucicostatum Cardium papillosum Poli. Cardium tiiberculutum L. Liicina reticulata Poli. Lucina divaricata Lin. (?) Kcllia Geoffroyi Payr. Montacuta sp. ? Lepton sp. ? Lascea rubra Mont. Cardita calyculata Lin. Chama gryphoides Lin. Astarte triangularis Mont. Very rare. Nucula nucleus Lin. Area Noce Lin. Area lactea Lin. Pectuneulus violacescens Lam. Very common and sometimes- used for food and bait. Modiola barbata Lin. Modiola Petagnce Scacchi. Modiola Adriatica Lam. Mytilus ofricanus Chemn.* Mytilus minimus Poli. Mbdiolaria costnlata Forbes. Lithodomus lithophagus Lin. Pecten varius Lin. Lima tenera Turton. Lima squammosa Lam. Avomia ephippium Lin. Ostrea cochlecer Poli.* Argiope cuneata Risso. Argonanta Argo Lin. Octopus vulgaris L. from Dr. Vayssiere's studies on- of the present list) that the above THE NAUTILUS. 57 named shell was generically distinct from Homalogyra and must be labelled Ammonicera Fischeriana. Altogether, I am not quite cer- tain that my shell is really the same as the one referred to by Dr. Vayssiere. It is smaller, horny, with 3 browu lines, has only 3 whorls and is but striate, lacking the very remarkable distant and regular sulci somewhat like those of Spirilla Peroni. NOTES ON THE GENUS ODONTOSTOMUS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. This group of peculiar land snails is widely spread in southern South America, extending from middle Brazil south well into Patagonia. It is not known to occur in the valley of the Amazon or its tributaries, and is absent in and west of the main chain of the Andes. It is allied to Anctus, Tomigems and Anastoma, all Brazilian genera. In conjunction with Mr. E. G. Vanatta I examined the species in the collection of the Academy some time ago, and we agreed that the following subgenera may be distinguished, based mainly upon apical sculpture : 1. ODONTOSTOMUS Beck (s. str.), type pantagruelinus Moric. 2. CYCLODONTINA Beck (restricted), type pupoides Spix, inflatus Wagner. 3. MORICANDIA Pils. & Van. (n. s.-g.), type fusiformis Rang. 4. SPIXIA Pils. & Van. (n. s.-g.), type spixii Pfr., wagneri Spix. 5. PLAGIODONTES Doering, type dentatus Wood. 6. MACRODONTES Swains., type odontostomus Sowb. Typical Odontostomus includes the largest and most solid forms, with very large aperture-teeth and folds; all are from eastern Brazil ; Mbricandia is also a Brazilian group. Part of the species^ such as angulatus Wagn., auriscervina Fer., fusiformis Rang, ivilli Dohrn., nasutus Mart., bouvieri Dautz., would naturally be referred, as most of them have been, to Goniostomus ; but their affinities are with 0. bahiensis, pundatissimus, and other dentate species. Spixia has vertical riblets at the apex, as in the Bulimulid group Ortho- toiniwn. Qyclodontina, which we revive in a much restricted sense, is mainly a group of southern Brazil. Plagiodontes is an Argen- tine group, with a host of species, many of which have not been properly defined. The apex is densely wave-striolate. Macrodontes 58 THE NAUTILUS. differs from the foregoing in the conspicuous development of a con- tinuous peristome and the strong spiral striation of the earlier whorls. The species are few — 0. odontostomus Sowb., grayanm Pfr.Jasciatus Dohrn (Novit. Conch. Ill, p. 473, pi. 102, f. 16, 17), degeneratus v. Iher. & Pils., aud finally 0. cordovanus Pfr., for which the suhgeneric names Scalarinella and Clessinia have been proposed, is probably a slender member of the subgenus Macrodontes. POSTAGE ON NATUKAL HISTORY SPECIMENS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. No doubt many of our readers wish to renew or open ex- changes with foreign Conchologists, at present impracticable, owing to the fact that letter rates have to be paid on natural history specimens. Reference to this matter was made in THE NAUTILUS, Vol. VII, p. 58 and Vol. X, p. 127. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia took the initiative in securing the ad- mission of specimens of natural history to the mails of the Universal Postal Union as "samples of merchandise" and appointed a Committee, which reported as follows: Your Committee have now but to make its official report of the generally well-known fact that the proposed modification as regards Natural History specimens was adopted at the Washington Congress of the Universal Postal Union in May last. The adoption of this modification is referred to by the Superintendent of Foreign Mails of the U. S. Post Office, Mr. N. M. Brooks, in his Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1897, and dated Washington, Oct. 13, 1897. The reference is as follows: Alluding to the work of the Universal Postal Congress, Mr. Brooks says (p. 7), "The following are, however, matters of general interest or importance which it may be well to mention, viz.: .... (4) Natural History specimens are admitted at the rate and under the conditions applicable to samples of merchandise." The same Report contains the full text of the convention concluded by the congress, and on page 42 contains the paragraph in question (chap, iii, art. xvii, parag. 5) as follows: "There are likewise admitted at the rate applicable to samples, articles of natural history, dried or preserved animals and plants, geological specimens etc., which are not transmitted for a commercial purpose, and which are wrapped in con- formity with the general stipulations concerning samples of merchandise." The rate for samples is fixed at 5 centimes for every fifty grams, that is 1 cent for every two ounces. According to art. 28 of chapter i. this Conven- tion is not to be put into execution until January 1, 1899. Your Committee has, therefore, fulfilled its labors and congratulates the Academy that the end aimed at in the first circular [see the NAUTILUS for THE NAUTILUS. 59 September, 1893, p. 58] issued by the Academy has been completely achieved. This result is the more gratifying in view of the predictions of failure freely expressed when your Committee entered upon its labors. It would, of course, be presumptuous to claim that the Academy's endeavors have been more than one of the factors in this achievement, but in such an international matter every such factor is of great importance. It may not be amiss to add here, for the benefit of our readers, further extracts from the above quoted Convention of the Univer- sal Postal Union contained in Mr. Brook's Report pp. 27 et seq. " Packets of samples of merchandise may not contain any article having a salable value; they must not exceed 350 grams [12.35 Avoirdupois ounces] in weight, or measure more than 30 centimetres [11.8 inches] in length, 20 centimetres [7.87 inches] in breadth, and 10 centimetres [3.93 inches] in depth, or, if they are in the form of a roll, 30 centimetres [11.8 inches] in length and 15 centimetres [5.9 inches] in diameter." (chap, i, art. 5, sect. 5). "It is forbidden: First, to send by mail: (a) sample and other articles which, from their nature, may prove dangerous to the postal employees, soil or injure the correspondence ; (/') explosive, inflammable or dangerous sub- stances, animals and insects, living or dead, excepting the cases provided for in the Regulations of detail." ' (chap, i, art. 16, sect. 3). The conditions which must be observed for the transmission of samples of merchandise remain as before — the packages to admit of easy inspection, not to "bear any manuscript other than the name or the social position of the sender, the address of the addressee, a manufacturer's or a trade-mark, number of order, prices and indications relating to weight and size, as well as to the quantity to be disposed of, or those which are necessary to precisely indicate the origin and nature of the merchandise," while articles of glass, liquids, oils, fatty substances and dry powders must be packed to prevent their damaging, or escaping into, the other contents of mails (chap, iii, art. xvli). *The "Regulations of detail and order lor the Execution of the Convention" form chapter iii, fiom which the most important— to naturalists— of our preceding quotations is taken. GENERAL NOTES. SHELLS OF REDDING, SHASTA Co., CALIFORNIA. — Mr. Richard C. McGregor, one of the enterprising ornithologists of California, has been so good as to collect some mollusks at Redding, on the Sacr- mento River, for the Academy of Natural Sciences. He found a specimen of Polygyra Roperi, of which only the original three exam- ples found by Mr. E. W. Roper have been known hitherto. The discovery of " Ancylus" patelloidea Lea, living and abundant, is the most important find. The list is as follows : Epiphragmophora mormonum Pfr., one young specimen. Polygyra Roperi Pils. One specimen. ^ •60 THE NAUTILUS. Vallonia pulchella Mull. "In a yard at base of rose bushes" not before reported from California. Possibly imported with the roses. Pompholyx effusa Lea. Planorbis lumens Cpr. Planorbis parvus Say. Llmnce.a adelincc Tryon. Ancylas oregonensis Clessin. Lanx patell.oidea Lea. This species, originally described as an Ancylns, is the only species of Ancylinse with variegated, opaque coloring. It looks a good deal like Acmcea testudinalis var. alveus Conr. Notes on the anatomy with illustrations, will be given later. NOTE ON THE SUBGENUS EucosMiA CPR. — Eucosmia, comprises a number of minute shells like Phasianella in smoothness and the stony operculum, but differing in being depressed with very short spire. Carpenter described four species from Cape St. Lucas and Mazatlan, — variegata with var. substriata, pitndata, cyclostoma and striatula. Dull has lately described another lurida, from British Columbia ; perhaps Turbo phasianella C. B. Adams, from Panama belongs here, and minima Phil, from Peru pretty certainly does. In the Gulf of Mexico we have E. brevis Orb. No species from other than American waters are known to belong here. It has hitherto escaped notice, I believe, that the name Eucosmia is pre- occupied in zoology for a group of moths established by Stephens in 1829. The Molluscan Eucosmia may therefore be called Eulithi- dium to distinguish it from the group of Lepidoptera. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. NOTES SUR LA FAUNA DU HAUT TONQUIN, par H. Fischer (Bull. Sci. France et Belg. xxviii, 1898). The present paper relates to shells collected by Dr. A. Billet. Interesting new species of Cama'.iui, Plectopylis, Clausilia etc., are described and figured. /• ARMATURE OF HELICOID LAND SHELLS, by G. K. Gude (Science- Gossip iv, No. 44, 45). We have already alluded to this very important series of papers. The present installments continue the genus Plectopylis, the following being new: P. leucochilus, P. perrieroe, P. blanda. VOL. XII. PLATE WILLIAM HENRY DECAMP. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XII. OCTOBER, 1898. No. 6. WILLIAM HENEY DECAMP. BY BRYANT WALKER. Thirty-five years ago, Grand Rapids might fairly have been called the scientific center of Michigan. Through the energy and enthusiasm of a little group of men interested in natural history, the Kent Scientific Institute was organized, and a great deal of good work was accomplished in developing the fauna and flora of the western part of the State. Prominent among the founders of the infant institution were three men, who were particularly interested in conchology, and through whose efforts the richness of the molluscan fauna of Michigan was developed with a thoroughness that has few parallels in the States west of the Allegheny Mountains. The names of A. O. Currier, J. A. McNiell and W. H. DeCarup will always be familiar to the students of Michigan who may follow their footsteps in the field of their favorite pursuit. By the death of Dr. DeCamp, which occurred on July 4th, the last of this little group has been called away from the activities of this life to " the unknown bourne." Dr. DeCamp was born at Mt. Morris, Livingston County, New York, November 6, 1825. He received his medical education in the medical department of the University of New York and the Medical College of Geneva, New York, where he graduated in 1847. He at once entered upon active practice in his native State, where he remained for eight years. In 1855, compelled by failing health, 62 THE NAUTILUS. he removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and resided there continu- ously until his death. From 1855 to 1857 he was engaged in the- drug business, but having been ruined by the destruction of his store by fire in that year, he resumed the active practice of his profession in which he continued until overtaken by his last illness. He made a specialty of surgery and acquired a large and success- ful practice. He was a member of the American Medical Associa- tion, the Michigan State Medical Society and the Grand Rapids Medical and Surgical Society, and, by the latter two, was, at differ- ent times, honored with the presidency. He was the author of a number of papers on medical and surgical subjects, which appeared in the proceedings of these societies and in different medical journals. He was also a member of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, and other scientific societies. Upon the breaking out of the war in 1861, he was commissioned surgeon of the First Michigan Regiment of Engineers and Mechan- ics, and remained in the service until 1864, when he was mustered out with his regiment. During the winter of 1862-3, he was Post Medical Director at Harrodsburg, Ky., where 1,500 Confederate wounded bad been left by General Bragg in his retreat from Ken- tucky after the battle of Perryville. From an early day, Dr. DeCamp was an active and enthusiastic student of natural history. Geology, botany, ornithology, entomol- ogy and conchology all received his attention and contributed to the fine collection which, in course of many years collecting, was accu- mulated by him. It was conchology, however, that, from the time of his removal to Grand Rapids, especially occupied his attention, and his work in this department will be his most lasting monument. He was an assiduous collector. During his army life he took ad- vantage of his opportunities in the south to pursue his favorite study and thereby acquired many interesting species. This material was forwarded by him to Mr. Currier, and by the latter to Dr. Isaac Lea and other eastern naturalists for determination. A somewhat ha§ty review of the literature has shown that the following new species were discovered by him during this period : — Pleurocera currierianum Lea. Pleurocera bicinctum Try on. Goniobasis decampii Lea. THE NAUTILUS. \ >>N& Goniobasis louisvillensis Lea. Gouiobasis informis Lea. Euryccelon leaii Tryon. Campeloma decamjni W. G. Binn. Somatogyrus currierianus Lea. Unio depygis Con. Two new species were added to the fauna of Michigan from bis •collection, viz. : Succinea decampii Tryon and Vertigo morsei Sterki. The types of Limncea desidiosa var. decampii Streng, recently de- scribed in THE NAUTILUS, were also found by him. In 1881, under the auspices of the Kent Scientific Institute, Dr. DeCamp published an elaborate "Catalogue of the Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Michigan." This, which is his only publication in conchology, contains a list of 221 species and 9 varieties, and was the most complete list of the State fauna published up to that time. Eliminating synonyms and doubtful forms, it gives a total of 185 species as now recognized as against 149 species cited in Currier's catalogue of 1868. It also is of particular value as containing de- scriptions and figures of three species named but never formally de- scribed by Currier, viz.: Limncea contrada, Physa parkeri and Ano- donta houghtonensis. He was an enthusiast in his scientific work, and his time and collection were always at the service of his fellow collectors. Through his generosity the first set of his Michigan shells, upon •which his catalogue was based, is a cherished part of the writer's collection, and the remainder of his shells have been deposited in the Kent Scientific Institute, where they " will be kept to benefit and instruct those who come after him." A DAY ON THE CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL. BY FRANK C. BAKER. July 30th, the Chicago Academy of Sciences spent its annual field day on that wonderful engineering triumph, the Chicago Drain- age Canal, and conchological results of the excursion may be of some interest to the readers of the NAUTILUS. The day was all that could have been desired, the sun being more or less obscured by clouds, which made collecting more comfortable 64 THE NAUTILUS. than under the boiling sun. The first stop was made at a point a few miles from the city, where the canal cut through the glacial clay or till. In a small stream by the side of the Santa Fe tracks, the conchologists picked up Vivipara contectoides, Planorbis tricol- vis, Sphcerium stamineium and S. simile, the first named species being very abundant. The second stop was made just east of Summit, where the canal cut through blue till, in some places almost as hard as rock.1 In one corner of the canal at this locality the bank and ground was fairly paved with minute shells perfectly preserved and of a whitish or chalky color. From this spot we collected Bythinella nickli- niana, Amnicola limosa, A. I untried, Cincinnatis cincinnatiensis, Planorbis truncatus !, P. campanulatus, P. deflectus and Vulvaia tri- carinata, the last two species being represented by thousands of in- dividuals. These mollusks are all referable to the Pleistocene deposits; P. truncatus was typical and very rare, as but one speci- men was found. From the Desplaines River Mr. Woodruff col- lected Alasmodonta complanata, A. deltoidea, Anodonta grandis, Li/iiipsllis luteolus and Calyculina truncata, the later very large. At Willow Springs, which was the next station, I spent about three-quarters of an hour hunting for Anodonta imbecilis, but only succeeded in finding one half grown specimen. This is the only locality, so far as known, for this species in the Chicago area, and we had entertained high hopes of finding a " colony " of them, but such was not to be. The specimen collected was found in a soft, slimy, black mud, filled with broken bottles, tin cans, etc. Under an old bridge we found Succinea retusa very plentiful. A long stop was made at Lemont to enable the palaeontologists to examine the many piles of limestone, which had been blasted from the canal, in search of Niagara fossils. Only a few were found, and those were very imperfect. Some brachiopods, a few mollusks, in- cluding several large Cyrtolites ampUcorne, and an occasional Crin- oid or trilobite was all that rewarded the geologists. The small boy got suddenly rich selling the common Niagara Calymene (C. niap- arensis) at from five to twenty-five cents each, according to quality. No recent mollusks were found. At Romeo, Dr. H. N. Lyon and myself walked half a mile north to the Desplaines River, and found a good collecting spot where the river ran over a bed of limestone arranged in ledges, and was quite 1 See Leverett, Bull. 2, Geol. & N., 16 Surv., Chi. Acad. Sci., p. 49. THE NAUTILUS. 65 shallow. Here we found Planorbis trivolvis, P. bicarinatus, Limncea desidiosa and Goniobasis livescens. Among the latter there were many which connected livescens with depygis, having well marked color bands and a purple timed columella. The last stop was made at Lockport where the train waited over an hour, and while the majority of the party studied the bear trap dam, the conchologists "pocketed" their cans and bottles and climbed (or fell) to a good sized creek (a branch of the Desplaines Kiver). Limncea palustris was here so abundant that it could be collected by the quart, and they were all large, fine specimens. Many specimens were very long and pointed and seemed to show a tendency toward L. refl.exa. The stream was very rapid, and Lim- ncea and Planorbis seemed to be the only genera able to live in any numbers. Physa was abundant dead, but only three or four living specimens could be found. It decidedly prefers still water in this region. A single specimen of L. palustris was found in which the base had suffered some injury, and the aperture was thrown off to the right, leaving a wide and deep false umbilicus. We collected here Limncea palustris, L. caperata, L. humilis, Planorbis trivolvis, P. bicarinatus, Aplexa hypnorum and Physa heterostroplia. Physa heterostropha at this locality shows a wide range of varia- tion. Some are long and cylindrical, others broad and stumpy, and the spire runs from obtuse to pointed. The number of whorls was invariably the same. In this lot one could easily pick out such pseudo species as gyrina, cyliadrica, parva, oleacea and soyii. The writer has recently tried Crosse and Fischer's suggestion in regard to specific characters in the form of the teeth on the radula, but thus far with a decidedly negative result. The results of the field day, conchologically, may be summed up as follows : Pleistocene species 8, recent species 19. We carried home several quarts of mollusks. A NEW SPH.ZER1UM. BY F. C. BAKER. Sphaerium lilycashense sp. nov. Shell differing from typical striatimim in being larger, more reg- ularly oval, much more inflated and with the umbones more inflated 66 THE NAUTILUS. and placed nearer the centre; the posterior end is broadly rounded in the variety, while in the typical form it is much produced and somewhat ram-shaped ; the color varies from light yellowish horn to rather dark horn, with an occasional zone of yellowish ; the surface is smooth and polished, the growth lines being faint on the umbones, but stronger on the ventral border. Length 14.00, height 11.00, breadth 8.50 mill. Length 12.50, height 9.75, breadth 7.50 mill. Habitat. — Lilycash Creek, near Joliet (coll. by J. H. Handwerk). This variety was referred to Dr. V. Sterki by Mr. Handwerk, and considered by him to be au uuusal form of striatinum, but he did not consider it distinct from the typical form. After examining a large number of specimens the writer has concluded that it is a form distinct enough for a specific name. Its beautiful polished surface and inflated shell will at once distinguish it from striatinum. It is shaped differently from stamineum and the beak sculpture is very much finer. Another form is found associated with the variety which is in a sense intermediate between the typical form and the variety, having a more oval shell than the type, but not being so much inflated as the variety ; it is very dark chestnut or dark brown in color. Sev- eral specimens of this form had the hinge wholly or partly inverse. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF OLIVELLA. BY JOHN FORD. Olivella Blanesi n. sp. Shell ovate, white, somewhat translucent, ornamented with three spiral series of irregularly formed crimson spots, one (of very small spots) at the suture, the others central and basal ; the rest of the surface showing a faint reticulation of the same color in some speci- mens. Whorls 5, spire produced, rather acute; suture chanelled. Aperture half the length of the shell, acuminate above, widest below the middle; basal notch wide, columella very short, vertical, cylin- drical and smooth, making a decided angle with the parietal wall, forming a deep sinus ; basal fascicle smooth. Length 8.9, diam. 3.8. length of aperture 4.75 mm. Length 7.5, diam. 3.2, length of aperture 4 mm. Locality. — Cardenas, Cuba. THE NAUTILUS. 67 The species has apparently heretofore been mistaken for 0. rosn- lina, although the one is quite distinct from the other, especially so in general form, number of spiral whorls, and the non-appearance in 0. Blanesi of the rose colored base of the columella, which is sel- dom if ever absent in 0. rosalina. A fine suite of these shells has been in my collection for several years, unnamed. Though convinced that they were an undescribed species they remained neglected until I recently found in the fine collection of Mr. Francisco E. Blanes, late of Cuba, a large number of the same form mistakenly labelled 0. rosalina Duclos. All, or nearly all of this entire lot had been collected by himself near Car- denas, Cuba. A brief explanation and comparison with genuine 0. rosalina was sufficient to satisfy him of their distinct character, and the result is the new name, Olivella Blanesi. Specimens entirely white, secured at the same locality might well be termed var. alba. Some suspicion that these colorless shells might be identical with 0. pura or 0. bullula as figured by Reeve being felt, specimens were submitted by a friend to Mr. E. R. Sykes of London for comparison with Reeve's types. To his kind assist- ance the following report is due: "I have compared your Olivella (with Mr. Smith's ever ready helping hand). It does not seem to be either pur a or bullula. Pura may not be the actual type, as it is recorded by Reeve as in ' Mus. Metcalfe.' It is much more drawn out than your shell. The one specimen is in pretty good condition and seems never to have had much color marking, certainly not like yours. 0. bullula here is snow white, but is thin and worn, so may have had some color. It is slightly more elongate and does not show the sinus that your species has in the columella. Very probably vours is new." A figure will be given later. AN INTERROGATION IN REGARD TO SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS RVE., AND MYTILUS BIFURCATUS CONR. BY MRS. M. BURTON WILLIAMSON. Shells that vary from the type sometimes raise a question in re- gard to the stability of their specific or generic values. Typical shells of Septifer bifurcatus Rve. and Mytilus bifurcatus Conr. are 68 THE NAUTILUS. unlike in the shape of their valves as well as in the presence or ab- sence of a septum. Yet some shells of the latter resemble the former so closely that it is sometimes necessary to open each shell in order to distinguish one from the other. The approximation appears too close for not only a generic, but a subfamily distinction to be main- tained between them. It appears to rest upon the presence or ab- sence of a septum. A shell having the same shape as the typical Mytilus bifurcatus has, upon examination, revealed the deck or sep- tum. On December 1, 1888, on one of the wooden piles of the old wharf at Santa Monica, Cal., I found shells of Mytilus bifurcatus in company with young examples of Mytilus californianus Conr., and some goose barnacles. One specimen was 1 of an inch from umbo to ventral margin, and in its widest part I of an inch. It was curved as in the type. There were three other shells, all like thi& one, only smaller. They were together and attached either by their own or the byssus of M. californianus. Three shells were opened and the absence of a septum noted. One specimen got broken and one was sent to another Los Angeles collector. In an exchange with Mr. W. J. Raymond, of Oakland, Cal., the one shell that had not been opened was sent to him, and I was surprised when he wrote that he had found a good-sized "deck in it! " They were all typi- cal Mytilus bifurcatus in appearance. My confidence in the constancy of the form of Mytilus bifurcattis was further shaken by receiving what appeared to be four young shells of Septifer bifurcatus that Mr. Raymond had received from San Diego. One of these was without a deck, and Mr. Raymond called my attention to it as a proof that M. bifurcatus could resem- ble, in shape, a Septifer more closely than a Mytilus. Here we have an illustration that a shell found among young Septifers, and their counterpart externally, is a Mytilus bifurcatus, and one shell, in form, that looks like a typical M. bifurcatus, proves to be a Sep- tifer. The San Diego examples from Mr. Raymond all have purple in- teriors, and the Santa Monica example has a white interior. But- some shells, collected at one of the " Points " in Los Angeles County and sent for identification by Mrs. E. A. Lawrence, are also white in their interiors. But there is a marked difference between the Santa Monica Mytilus and those from the "Point" and San Diego in their outward appearance. In order to determine the genus to which each belongs, the value THE NAUTILUS. 69 seems to vest upon the presence or absence of a septum. As this generic character may he present or absent in some of the shells found in the same place, an interrogation naturally arises as to the value to be placed upon the septum in separating approximate forms into two different subfamilies, the Mytilinre and Dreisseusinre. NOTE ON SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS CONRAD. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND W. J. RAYMOND.1 Among the shells brought home by Thomas Nuttall from his jour- ney to the Pacific coast and the Hawaiian Islands, were specimens of a mussel which Conrad named Mytilus bifurcatus? Two speci- mens of this species were presented by Nuttull to the Academy of Natural Sciences,3 where they are still preserved. Conrad gave the locality " Sandwich Is." for his species; but the specimens were probably from California. In the Conchologia Icon- ica, vol. 10, Mytilus, pi. 9, fig. 41 (1851), Reeve figures and de- scribes a specimen from Cuming's collection as Mytilus bifurcatus Conrad, giving no locality. I do not know that the interior of this shell has been examined ; but Nuttall's shells in the Academy col- lection prove to belong to the genus Septifer, having a well-developed septum or little deck across the apices of the valve cavities. There is no especial reason for believing Reeve's specimen to be a true Mytilus; but if they should be, the name M. bifurcatus Reeve can- not be retained, on account of the conflict with Conrad's prior M. bifurcatus. As Mrs. Williamson's article (above) shows, California!! conchol- ogists find two species excessively similar externally upon the Call- 1 In placing Mr. Raymond's name with my own, it should be mentioned that he is directly responsible only for the passages placed in quotation marks ; though indirectly for the positions taken in the remainder of the article. — H. A. P. 2 Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, VII, 1834, p. 241, pi. 18, fig. 14. 3 Neither of these shells seems to be the original of Conrad's figure, and probably that particular shell has been smashed and discarded, the specimens having been glued to a card and consequently exposed to such accidents. A nearly complete series of Nuttall's shells is in the Academy Collection, includ- ing some not described by Conrad. 70 THE NAUTILUS. fornian coast, one a true Mytilus, the other a Septifer. As long ago as 1882, Dr. R. E. C. Stearns* noticed this fact. It would seem, therefore, that the shell called Mytilus bifurcatus by West Coast conchologists requires another name. I have not seen Mytilus mul- tiformis Carpenter,5 but from the description and measurements of that species I would consider it a distinct polymorphic species or a composite of two species. In the latter case the smooth form may retain Carpenter's name. At all events, nothing like the variability in sculpture or degree of inflation, which Carpenter says character- ize his species, are found in the California!) Mytilus under consider- ation, which is invariably corrugated and never green in color. I would, therefore, in conjunction, with Mr. Raymond, propose that our form " be called Mytilus Stearnsi, since Dr. Stearns was the first to definitely show that a true Mytilus of this type is found on our coast." " Usually the two species can be separated by external characters. In the Mytilus the umbonal (diagonal) ridge is strongly developed, the valves of the adult shell are very deep, and the ven- tral margin is generally incurved. Inside, besides the absence of the septum, there are several denticles at the angle of the hinge line, which are rather stronger than the corresponding crenulations of Septifer bifurcatus; Mytilus is also lighter colored ventrally. " I have no doubt Nuttall's shells came from this State, for from Santa Barbara southward it is an extremely abundant species, covering the rocks in places. The Mytilus is smaller and might easily be passed over as the young of Septifer. I have many Septi- fers from Santa Barbara, but no Mytilus among them. I have Sep- tifers from San Diego collected by Crawford, and among these I found the few Mytilus mentioned by Mrs. Williamson." Septifer bifurcatus was collected by Henry Hernphillat San Hippolite Point, Lower California, and Mytilus Stearnsi he found at the same local- ity and also at San Ignacio Lagoon on the peninsula. The type of Mytilus Stearnsi Pils. & Raym. (plate 4, figs. 1, 2, 3), is a San Diego specimen. So far as the series before me shows, M. Stearnsi does not grow so large as S. bifurcatus, a length of 25' ram., or one inch being a good size, while bifurcatus may measure nearly double that. An " unusually large " specimen of Carpenter's *Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1882, p. 241. See also Dall and Orcutt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 551, and Keep, West Coast Shells, pp. 171, 173. In the latter work Conrad's name is misapplied. 5Ma/atlan Catalogue, p. 118. THE NAUTILUS. 71 M. multiformis measured : length 0.45, width 0.24, diam. 0.32 inch. This would be very small for M. Stearnsi. As to color, our species seems to be invariably brownish-purple above, with the ventral face straw colored, white beneath the cuticle. None of the specimens I have seen could be called green. Carpenter describes M, multifor- mis as " purpureo, ad marginum ventralem viridi," with a variation " omnino riridi." Regarding the question raised by Mrs. Williamson, it may be said that all the main genera of Myt'didos have both corrugated and smooth species, and experience has shown that the character:- upon which the genera are founded, such as the presence of a septum, the position of the beaks and sculpture of the hinge line, are largely independent of the surface sculpture, the latter being a compara- tively trivial character. At the same time, it is remarkable that two species of different genera, and so similar in external characters, should be found living together. It is probably a case of conver- gence of specific characters through the influence of identical exter- nal conditions. NOTES AND NEWS. The death of Mons. J. C. HIPPOLITE CROSSE, on the 7th of Aug- ust, removes one more prominent French conchologist from the ranks. For many years editor of the Journal de Conchy liologie, Crosse had become known to malacologists the world over as one of most able and industrious workers on mollusca ; and by many con- chologists to whom he was personally known and esteemed, his loss will be felt with deep regret. A biographical notice will follow later. VALLONIA ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE. — In THE NAUTILUS for September, in a note on " Shells of Redding, Shasta Co., Califor- nia," Vallonia pulchella Mull., is quoted as " not before reported from California." In my collection I have this species from Oak- land, Cal., collected by Mr. Fred L. Button of that city, and in Dr. J. G. Cooper's Catalogue of West North American Shells, he quotes this species as " circumboreal " and found as far south as " Mono County, California." In " Subalpine Mollusca of the Sierra Ne- vada," by W. J- Raymond, he reports finding V. pulchella var. 72 THE NAUTILUS. costata in one of the canons — represented by one example. In the same bulletin Dr. Cooper adds additional notes, and he lists V. />"/- chel/a at Douner Lake and near Truckee, both in Navada County, California. Of the presence of this species in Oakland, probably Mr. Button could supply more data. — M. BURTON WILLIAMSON. NOMENCLATURE OF SOME AFRICAN LAND SHELLS. — When study- ing the African mollusks, I remarked that the name Ennea micro- stoma Smith, proposed for an African species, already is preoccupied by Mollendorff for a Chinese species. Hence I should propose to call the former E. strictilabris ; also Vertigo thawnasta Melvill & Ponsonby is the same as V. sinistrorsa Craven ; also Hapalus is pre- occupied in entomology, and must be called (Jnrvella diaper ; also Faula preoccupied in Coleoptera, must be relegated to the synonymy of Favxuliis, Schaufuss. — C. F. ANCEY. ISCHNOCHITON ONiscus. — The words " lateral " and " median " were transposed in line 2, p. 42 of the August' number, in describing this species. NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. REVISION OF THE MARINE GASTROPODS REFERRED TO CYCLOS- TREMA, ADEORBIS, VITRINELLA and related genera, with descrip- tions of some new genera and species belonging to the Atlantic, Fauna of America, by Katharine Jeannette Bush (Trans. Con- necticut Academy, x). An attempt to define and limit these difficult groups by determining their type species, which are mostly figured, and enumerating the Atlantic coast species. Several described groups, such as Callomphalus Ad. & Ang. are omitted, and the details of dentition are rather scanty and insufficiently illustrated, but the paper is sufficiently complete to be of very great assistance to those who in future work upon these genera. The new genera Lissospira Leptofjyra, Molleriopsis, Choristella, Cyclostremella are' established. THE NON-MARINE MOLLUSCS OF ESSEX. By Wilfred Mark Webb. — Reprint from The Essex Naturalist, Vol. X. pages 27-48 and 65-81, 1897. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XII. NOVEMBER, 1898. No. 7. SHELL COLLECTING AT MT. DESERT, MAINE. BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR. The coast of Maine has been thoroughly explored by biologists for many years, and has, indeed, become a classic ground in the annals of American conchology. Frenchman's Bay and the waters imme- diately about Mt. Desert seem to have been less exploited than other localities in Maine. Collectors of marine invertebrates going " down East" generally take their dredges and trawls to Casco Bay, or, if more ambitious, they hurry on to the famous old collecting region about Eastport and Grand Menan. A few notes from the shores of Mt. Desert Island may, however, prove acceptable. Frenchman's Bay is a large body of water with a wide pass out to sea which is somewhat obstructed with bold, rocky islands. Through the openings between these islands the twelve and fourteen feet tides flow with great swiftness, scouring out the channels to a depth of from forty to fifty fathoms. In these deep places a tough form of algae clings tenaciously to the rocky bottom, and harbors within its tangle of branches and stems a vast multitude of small crustaceans (often phosphorescent), many curious star-fishes, and a wen 1th of molluscan life. Margarita cinerea, an occasional Scala groenlandica, abundant Trophon clathratus, Bela turricula and de- cusxata, Cemoria noachina, young Sipho, and the lively little Nassa trivittata were observed. Dredging in these deep, rocky places is attended with many difficulties, but often yields satisfactory results. The general average depth of the bay is twenty to thirty fathoms. The bottom is mud, with patches here and there of hard, pebbly 74 THE NAUTILUS. ground, becoming rocky. These stretches of hard bottom are often the resort of great numbers of Pecten magellanicus, known to the natives as "scallops." This giant among the Pectens is gathered somewhat extensively for the markets, but does not make a particu- larly dainty dish. It is best collected by sinking or draging along a fishing-line over the bottom of the scallop beds. The big fellows seize the line viciously and permit themselves to be hauled out of the water ; unfortunately, adult specimens are usually badly eroded. Such stations contain Crenella glandula ; they swarm with Nassa trivittata, and seem literally to be paved with Nucula proximo,. The mud bottom is fairly rich in Lunatia triseriata, Yoldia limatala and thraciceformis, and again Nucula proximo,. Leda tenuisulcata is occasionally met. Passing out to the open sea the water very gradually deepens, and patches of shelly bottom are frequent. These places, made up for the most part of broken shells, fine gravel and sand, offer good rewards to the collector. Dentalium entails, Turrit el la erosa, Pecten islandicus (dead), Cardium pinnulatum, Aatarte snlcata and Tere- bratulina septemtrionalis, the latter, invariably imbedded in sponges, may be readily obtained. Upon the rocks between tide?, the usual Litorinas, together with Purpura lapillus, are always abundant, a splendid red variety of the latter occurring near Otter Cliffs. Just below the low-tide mark, Chrysodomus decemcostatus and a degenerate form of Bucdnum un- datum, range. Their home among the rocks protects them from the dredge, but they may be easily tempted by bait. In all rocky places of moderate depth the pretty little Margarita undulata, tinged with red and iridescent within, can be found. On flats, exposed by the receding tide, of which there are a few in the vicinity of Mt. Desert, the soft clam, Mya arenaria, lives buried several inches below the surface. The number of these creatures annually taken by fishermen for bait from the "Bar" at Bar Harbor, figures well into the hundreds of thousands, yet the supply never seems to diminish. A few dead valves of Arctica islandica indicates the presence ^of this boreal species in the bay. A more thorough examination of the depths of the harbor would undoubtedly reveal many more interest- ing things to the explorer than I came across in my two or three moderately successful dredging expeditions at Bar Harbor last summer. THE NAUTILUS. A NEW POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO. BY W. H. DALL. Polygyra miorhyssa n. sp. Shell depressed, dark brown with about five and one third rounded whorls, the periphery somewhat above the middle of the outer whorl ; suture distinct, umbilicus small, deep, narrowing rapidly toward the apex ; surface polished, with microscopic revolving strise and fine, small, slightly irregularly distributed oblique transverse ridges; aperture subcircular with a reflected white peristome continued over the body by a thin, translucent callus; within the aperture is small, oblique, white parietal tooth, the reflected peristorne lias an obscure thickening inside the peripheral part, and another more distinct inside the base. Alt. 8.5, lat. 15.5 mm. Habitat : Sierra Blanca, Lincoln Co., New Mexico, Rev. E. H. Ashnmn and C. H. Tyler Towusend, from localities between 7,500 and 8,500 feet above the sea. This species is one of a group comprising the species described by me under the names of Polygyra Ashmuni, pseudodonta, chirica- hnana and rhyssa, all characteristic of high altitudes in the mount- ains of New Mexico and Arizona, and doubtless derived from a single original stock. To this P. Levettei also seems allied, or, per- haps, is conchologically intermediate between the above group and the species like P. Mearnsii. The present species is most nearly re- lated to P. rhyssa, which is a coarser, more rugose and lighter colored shell and usually of larger size. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMPULLARIA FROM FLORIDA. BY WM. H. DALL. Ampullaria Pinei n. sp. Shell large, thin, with a depressed spire, polished surface and five rounded whorls separated by a narrowly channelled suture; sculp- ture of obscure incremental lines and numerous indistinct low re- volving ridges, variably prominent in different specimens ; besides these there are very fine, sharp, minute, obscurely beaded revolving threads with rather wide interspaces, which are occupied by micro- scopic revolving striae ; this sculpture is often more or less obsolete, but traces of it can usually be found on any specimen ; color of the 76 THE NAUTILUS. shell dark livid olive, often lighter near the aperture with a broad band near the suture and numerous, narrow revolving bands below, of a paler olive; near the base there is usually an area somewhat darker ; throat deep livid purple, with a light subsutural band, and the smaller bauds visible by transmitted light, the peristome bor- dered with a conspicuous vitreous red margin, especially on the inner lip ; aperture rounded above and below, with a thick parietal callus, umbilicus narrow and deep. Alt. of shell 60, of last whorl 58, of aperture 47 ; lat. of shell 65, of aperture 35 mm. Operculum thin, horny, externally finely concentrically striated, and of a black- ish olive-green. Habitat: Homosassa River, Florida, collected by Mr. George Pine. This species is related to A. depressa Say and A. Ghiesbrechti Phil., but separated from both by its form, sculpture and color. It is most readily recognized by its deep red border to the aperture, wide shell and very depressed spire. NEW POLYGYRAS FROM WHITE MOUNTAIN, NEW MEXICO. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. Polygyra altissima n. sp. Shell with 5J whorls, pale yellowish-brown, suture moderately deep, spire flattened and low, periphery rounded ; apical whorls nearly smooth, with little sculpture as far as the middle of the penultimate whorl, after which the shell becomes distinctly and strongly obliquely ribbed, the ribs near the aperture being particu- larly strong ; the last whorl bears about 48 of these ribs. Umbili- cus narrow and deep. Aperture obliquely semilunar ; the peristome subcircular except where interrupted by the parietal wall, strongly thickened, recurved with a sharp edge, yellowish- white, without teeth. No parietal denticle. Diam., max. 12, min. 10 mm. ; alt. 6 mnr. Hab. — Highest summit of White Mountain (Sierra Blanca), Lincoln Co., New Mexico, altitude 11,092 feet; three under a rock, Aug. 14, 1898. Collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend. The specimens are practically alike, and differ greatly from P. rhyssa Dall, to which they are most nearly related, and from which they are presumably descended — or ascended, I suppose we should say, considering the altitude at which they are found ! THE NAUTILUS. 77 Compared with P. rhyssa, P. altissima is not only much smaller, but also much flatter, with the aperture consequently narrower and the last whorl less evenly rounded. I have specimens of P. rhyssa from the original locality, collected by Mr. Ashmun ; the species was also found by Prof. Towusend in the White Mountains, at an altitude of about 8,000 feet. The following form, also from the White Mountains, seems worth defining : Polygyra rhyssa var. hyporhyssa v. nov. Like P. rhyssa in size and form, but umbilicus wider, exposing the penultimate whorl ; sculpture finer, consisting of strke rather than rihlets. Collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend on the lower slopes of Sierra Blanca, N. M., above head of Ruidoso Creek, in aspen belt, about 9,500 ft. alt., Aug. 14, 1898. One specimen, diam., max. 15, min. 121, alt. 9 mm. This is clearly a variety of rhyssa, and is not the same as Ball's MS. P. miorhyssa, which appears to me to be a perfectly distinct species. NEW PISIDIA. BY DR. V. STERKI. P. roperi n. sp. Mussel rather large, strongly inflated when mature, very little so when young ; oblong to ovoid in outline, margins regularly curved, with no projecting angles (in the adult) ; scutum and scutellum scarcely marked ; beaks moderately posterior, very broad, surface somewhat glossy, with irregular, not sharp, striaj and some strongly marked lines of growth ; color of the dry shell straw to yellowish- horn, often with one to several fine, concentric lines of purple ; shell rather thin, nacre whitish, muscle insertions scarcely marked, hinge comparatively fine and short; cardinal teeth quite small, the right one moderately curved, slightly thickened at the posterior end; the left ones very short ; the inferior slightly angular, truncated or pointed on top, the superior sometimes almost obsolete ; lateral teeth short, small, scarcely projecting into the interior; ligament rather fine. Long. 5'5, alt. 4'4, diam. 3.8 (4) mill. Long. 4'5, alt. 3'7, diam. 3'0 mill. 78 THE NAUTILUS. Soft parts pink, especially so the foot and mantle edges; the liv- ing mussel appears pale red ; but the color soon fades away after the death of the animal ; it is also very pale, scarcely noticeable in the young, becoming more intense with the age of the animal. Habitat: Maine, Rhode Island, Indiana, Illiouis and Minnesota; probably also Utah, California and Washington. Pis. roperi can not be mistaken for any other species except some forms of P. abditum Hald., but is at once distinguished from the latter species by its comparatively very broad beaks, the more elon- gated and more regular outline, the different appearance of its sur- face, usually the lighter color, the comparatively finer and shorter hinge, and, in the living animal, by the pink color of the soft parts, shining through the shell. It is the only species in which that color has been noticed so far, yet it remains to ascertain whether this be a constant character. But, however that may be, the species is valid. From several places specimens were obtained in company with P. abditum, and at once recognized as distinct. It was first noticed among Pisidia sent by Mr. E. W. Roper, in whose honor it is named. The largest and most beautiful specimens were collected in Higginbotham's spring, near Joliet, 111., by Messrs' J. H. Ferris and G. H. Handwerk, who, from April, 1896, to this summer, re- peatedly forwarded me lots of living specimens together with P. abditum and another species. There are specimens from the Wasatch Mountains, Utah (sent by Mr. Bryant Walker), the Sierra Nevada (Mr. Roper), and Seattle, Wash. (Mr. P. B. Randolph), resembling the present species, although somewhat different from it as well as among themselves, and it is with some doubt that they were referred to P. roperi. Pis. fallax var. sepentrionale n. Differs from the type by the following characters: it is more rounded in outline, less inflated, the beaks are less prominent and without ridges ; the striation is less sharp; usually there are whitish dots and irregular blotches, evidently caused by disease. This seems to be a northern form. Pine and Mountain Rivers on the south shore of Lake Superior, collected by Mr. Bryant Walker ; Clear Water River, Minn., in company with rather typical and in- termediate specimens (Mr. H. E. Sargent), Little Madawaska River at New Sweden, and Aroostook River at Caribou, Me. (Mr. Olof O. Nylander), from the latter river in 1896 and '98, and there are some specimens with distinct ridges on the beaks, or indications of such. THE NAUTILUS. 79 It may be mentioned here that typical P.fallax has been collected in the Sand Creek, Ottawa Co., and Plaster Creek, Kent Co., Mich., by Dr. R. J. Kirkland. Pis. walkeri var. mainense n. Differs from the type in the following points : it is smaller, shorter, especially so the anterior part, and less saccate. But it re- resembles P. walkeri by the small beaks situated near the very short and truncated posterior end, the surface sculpture and color, and the thin shell. Placed side by side with typical specimens, which, in outline, have a marked resemblance with P. virginicum, it would hardly be ranged under the same species. But by comparing num- erous specimens from different places, I came to the conclusion that they are not distinct. Habitat : Different waters near Caribou, Aroostook Co., Maine, collected bv Mr. Olof O. Nylander. /*"M New Philadelphia, Ohio, Sept., 1898. ^v&w* HALIOTIS CRACHERODII Var. CALIFOKNIENSIS Swainson. BY H. A. PILSBRY. In his " Zoological Illustrations," Vol. II, pi. 80 (1821-2) Swain- son describes and figures the " small-holed California!! ear-shell," which differs, he states, from the ordinary black ear-shell by its more numerous smaller holes, deeper spiral, differently shaped outer lip, etc. Mr. Fred L. Button, of Oakland, has lately forwarded to me a specimen from Guadaloupe Island, off Lower California, which agrees well with Swainson's account and figures, and unmistakably indicates, I think, a valid variety of H. Cracherodii. Mr. Button writes: " It. came to me as H. Cracherodii var. californica Stearns, as I wrote you. On looking it, up I find it mentioned several times by Dr. Carpenter, both in his Brit. Asso. Report, 1856 (pp. 174, 199, 291, 320, 350 and 351), and in his Smithsonian Report, 1872 (pp. 6, 6, 13, 84, 100 and 137). In the latter, he speaks of it as the rare var. of H. Cracherodii, and calls it an ' extreme var. of H. cracher- odii,' having 10-11 holes (p. 13). " Swainson's H. calif orniensis was figured in Zool. 111., II, 80, with 10 small holes. I have one with 16 holes. The specimen I send is from Guadaloupe Island, Lower California, nearly 1,000 miles south 80 THE NAUTILUS. of Monterey, the home of the type H. Cracherodii. The type runs usually 5-7 holes, with rarely as few as 2-4 " or as many as 8 or 9. The specimen now before me measures: extreme length, 112, width 87, convexity 38 mm. There are 12 holes, with the thirteenth nearly closed. The holes measure 2 mm. diam. except the first and third, which are a little smaller. A young specimen in the collec- tion of the Academy measures 74 mm. in length and has 9 holes, with the tenth nearly enclosed. This variety is probably restricted to the south, and, perhaps, to this single island. It will be interest- ing to learn whether other West Coast collectors have the form, and what its distribution is. C. E. BEDDOME. BY S. RAYMOND ROBERTS. "Died on Thursday, September 1, 1898, at his residence, 'Hill- grove,' Brown's River road, near Hobart, Tasmania, Charles Edward Beddome, retired Lieutenant of the late Indian Navy, aged 59 years." In the death of Mr. Beddome, natural science, particularly as relating to Australian malacology, has met with a severe loss, for he was a careful observer and an indefatigable worker in its field. This has been evidenced through his various writings upon the sub- ject, his last contribution to conehological literature being an ad- mirable paper entitled "Notes on Species of Cyprcea Inhabiting the Shores of Tasmania," which appeared in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sept. 29, 1897. GENERAL NOTES. Note on Cyprsea rashleighana. — The above Cowry was described in 1887,* and in the following year was refigured, the original description bei ng repeated' in the " Survey of the Genus Cypi-ira, 1888. '2 Although the habitat \v;is queried it seems probable that the type came from the neighborhood of Hong- kong. Since this time three or four specimens have occured amongst the Hadfiekl mollusca from Lifu ; these, however, are either too young or in a not very satisfactory state of preservation. My object in alluding to this species at the present opportunity is to call attention to a very beautiful and large example which has been for years in the National Collection at South Ken- sington, having formed part of the Cumingian stores. This was figured by THE NAUTILUS. 81 Mr. Lovell Reeve3 as a stunted form of C. tabescens L. , but has been over- looked by Sowerby* and by Mr. Raymond Roberts in the " Monograph of Cypi-iea."'* Rather blindly following Reeve in 1888,6 I signalized this as var. a of C. tabescens under the proposed varietal name of latior. Mr. Edgar Smith being disposed to allow it specific rank, labelled it in the National Col- lection " ia/ior Melv." Last year, however, it was closely examined by us both, in comparison with the original type of C. rashleighana^?c&&. pronounced identical. The pyriform shape, different dentition, narrower aperture, small clearly defined dark brown lateral punctuation, with other characteristics, dif- ferentiate this species from its allies, C. tabescens, C. feres and C. interrupla.- JAMES COSMO MELVILL, Journal of Conchology, July 1898. i ?. Conch., vol. 5, p. 288. 2 blanch. Mem. (4), vol. 1, p. 218, 219. 3 Conch. Icon., pi. 14, no. 66a, 1845. 4 Thes. Conch. 5 Tryou, Man. Conch., vol. 7, 1885. 6 Loc. cit., p. 218. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE UNIONID^E IN MICHIGAN, by Bryant Walker. (Read before the Michigan Academy of Science, March 31, 1898). This paper is based upon the reports filed in connection with the census of Michigan mollusca undertaken by the Concho- logical Section of the Academy. A sketch of the plan of these re- ports may be found in this journal for January, 1898. Of the Unios, 7 or less than one-fifth, are known to range over the whole State, 3 are characteristic of the northern portion, while 30, or 75%, are confined to the southern portion of the State, and do not extend north of the valleys of Grand and Saginaw Rivers. As no natural barrier prevents the spread of these species northward, an explana- tion is sought in the physical conditions of the region during the glacial period, when the lakes drained into the Mississippi from the southern end of Lake Michigan and into the Ohio from the western end of Lake Erie. On the partial recession of the ice-sheet a chnu- nel was formed across the State along the Saginaw-Grand valley. " There can be no doubt that it was through these ancient channels that the barren waters of the lake region were peopled by an immi- gration of southern forms." A map illustrates the records of dis- tribution of Unio luteolus, rubiginosus and Anodonta footiana. THE MOLLUSCA OF THE CHICAGO AREA : THE PELECYPODA, by Frank Collins Baker, Chicago Academy of Sciences, Bull. no. iii. This bulletin of 130 pages and 27 plates forms the first installment 82 THE NAUTILUS. of an illustrated monograph on the niollusks of Cook and DuPage Counties and adjacent portions of AVill Co., Illinois, and Lake Co., Indiana. Mr. Baker prefaces his account by a useful general con- sideration of the structure of mollusks, their preparation for study, collection, etc., with full notes on the general character of the Chi- cago fauna, localities where the various forms occur, and other in- formation and statistics which will prove of great use both to subsequent naturalists in that locality, and to those who may have occasion to compare the fauna with that of some other district. In the treatment of the species, full descriptions of each at various stages of growth are given, with the synonymy, distribution, judi- cious comparisons with allied forms, and more or less extended ac- count of the soft parts. In the generic arrangement, the assistance of Mr. C. T. Simpson has been secured ; and the old genera Unio and Margaritana have been dismembered, and their species distributed among Alasmodonta, Strophitus, Unio, Anodontoides (a new genus for Anodonta ferussa- ciaiia and subcylindracea), Quadrula, Obliquaria, Plagiola and Lampsilis, the latter with subgenera Metaptera, Euryma and Corun- cn/hia (new section for U. parvus). Those familiar with Mr. Simp- son's studies of this family will probaby agree with us that these genera are well founded, and their recognition is a distinct advance in our knowledge of the group. Most of them were originally founded by Rafinesque ; but their limitation and definition is essen- tially Mr. Simpson's own work. The plates are excellent halftone reproductions of photographs. Some of them are among the best figures of Uniones we have seen ; and while a few do not show the details of the teeth as well as could be desired, and we would prefer them to be printed in a different color, still there is little to criticize. They are a distinct success. Conchologists throughout the middle west, as well as others inter- ested in the shells of that region, will find Mr. Baker's book of great service. While there are a few slips, such as the statement on p. 12 that the mollusca are " of quite recent date geologically," and on p^ 11 that in one group (Gastropoda) the mouth is provided with a radula, where the author probably meant that a radula is present in all but one of the groups (Pelecypoda), still such oversights are few. We heartily congratulate the Chicago Academy of Sciences upon the appearance of the work, and their success in placing before its THE NAUTILUS. >•'> people such a complete account of the present status of their mollus- can fauna. We only wish it were possible to have similar works pre- pared in all of our large cities, before advancing civilization de- stroys or locally exterminates many species. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TERTIARY FAUNA OF FLORIDA, by Wm. H. Dall. (Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, Vol. Ill, pt. 4, 1898). This volume is a continuation of Professor Call's great work on the Tertiary Mollusks of Florida, and treats of two orders of the Pelecypoda: Prionodesmacea and Teleodesmacea. " Including in many cases a complete revision of the generic groups treated of and their American Tertiary spe- cies." In the Nuculidce and Ledidce the generic and specific synonymy is fully given and 18 new species described. The name Parallelo- dontidce is substituted for Meier odontidce (in pt. 4) since the generic name Macrodon is preoccupied. In the family Arcidce 30 new spe- cies are described and many changes are made in the nomenclature. Glycymeris DaCosta 1778, is used instead of Pectunculus Lamarck 1799, and a number of Conrad's species are reduced to synonyms. Area occidentalis Phil, is adopted for the Florida and West Indian species that has been referred to Area now Linn, by many author?. " A careful comparison shows that the American shell should not be united with the Mediterranean Area noce." Area campechenais Dillwyn has precedence over A. pexata Say. Area americana Gray is also considered a synonym, We cannot altogether approve of Dr. Ball's manner of treating the names of subgenera and sections ; more uniformity in writing the name of a shell would simplify matters greatly. We do not think that subgeneric names should be used instead of generic, or the names of sections in place of subgeueric names. In the family Pinnidce 5 new species are described. Melina Ret- zius, 1788, is adopted instead of Perna Lamarck, 1799, which necessitates changing the family name to Melinidoe. In the family Pteriidce, Pteria Scopoli, 1777, takes the place of Avicula Olivi, 1792. A very interesting account of the " origin of the mutations of Ostrea " is given, followed by a review of the described species. The family Pectinidce is well represented in the American Tertiary, including the fossil species from the Pacific Coast. One hundred and twenty-five species and varieties are enumerated, 21 of which 84 THE NAUTILUS. are new, including 5 from the Pacific Coast. Under Spondylus echinatus Martyn, the common recent Spondylus of the West Indies, fall no less than 21 synonyms. Plicatula gibbosa Lam., 1801, is used instead of P. ramosa Lam., 1819. In the family Limidce 7 new species are described and Lima lima Linn, is adopted for L. squa- mosa Lam. Five new species of Anomiidce are described. For Placunanomia rudis Brod. and P. macro schisma Desh. the genus Pododesmus Phil, is used. To the Mytilidce are added 10 new spe- cies. Lithophagus forficatus Ravi, and L. candigerus are synonyms of Lithophaga aristata Dillwyn. Dreissina or Mytilopsis leucophceta Conrad has been placed in the genus Congeria. Jul'ddce is adopted in place of Prasinidce. Julia Gould antedating Prasina Deshayes by one year. The Recent and Tertiary Pholadidce are thoroughly reviewed and two new species described. Zirfcea "Leach, 1817," Gray, 1847, is adopted instead of Zirphcea Leach, 1852. But one species of Panopea is recognized from the Florida Pliocene. The many generic orsubgeneric names proposed for various forms of Corbula are either placed in the synonymy or used as sections. Ten new species are described. In the study of the family Mactridce Dr. Dall presents an im- mense amount of valuable systematic work on the Mactroid hinge. "To make these details clear and avoid excessive verbiage, it be- comes necessary to name the parts of the hinge, and for clearness I prefer to use, for the most part, plain English terms, applied for the occasion in a particular and ex elusive sense." These characters are clearly shown by ten figures. The classification is that given in THE NAUTILUS, Vol. VIII, pages 25-28, 39-43. Fourteen new species are described. The work closes with the family Mesodesma- tidce in which six new species of Ervilia are described. The volume contains 13 plates. The Pliocene fauna is so closely allied to the Recent that much of Professor Dall's work bears upon the latter quite as much as on the Tertiary, and we shall, therefore, notice the work applying particu- larly to recent shells and their evolution separately next month. Typographically the volume is a beautiful one, most creditable to the Trustees of the Wagner Free Institute and to those engaged in its mechanical execution. We take exception to only one fea- ture, the date " April, 1898 " upon title-page and cover. The first copies, we believe, were distributed October 29, 1898. THE NAUTILUS&VS VOL.. XII. DECEMBER, 1898. No. 8. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN ZONITIDTE AND ENDODONTIDJE. IJY HENRY A. PFLSRRY. Pyramidula Cockerelli n. sj>. Shell having the general shape of P. striatella ; thin, greenish, more or less streaked and dotted with light yellow ; a little shining, very irregularly wriukle-striate, some specimens unequally ribbed in places above and at the margin of the umbilicus. Spire convex, the first whorl a little protruding. Whorls 4|, the first whitish- corneous and glabrous when unworn, the rest convex, regularly widening, separated by a deep suture ; last whorl obtusely angular at the periphery in front, becoming rounded on its later portion ; base well rounded, the umbilicus showing all the whorls, its width contained about 3.7 times in that of the shell. Aperture oblique, rounded, the penultimate whorl cutting out a segment of about one- fourth the whole circle of the thin and simple peristome; the greatest diameter of aperture contained about 2.4 times in that of the shell. Alt. 2.8, diam. 5.5 mm. (specimen from New Mexico). Alt. 3.2, diam. 6.5 mm. (specimen from Colorado). This species is based upon a series of shells from Labelle, Taos County, New Mexico, collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun, and speci- mens from Custer and Saguache Counties, Colorado, collected by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. It is what has been very generally known as Pat n la Crohkhitei Newc. ; but reference to co-types of 86 THE NAUTILUS. that species in the collection of the Academy (part of the original lot), shows it to be very strongly ribbed. Indeed, Dr. Newcomb himself bases its claim to distinctness from P. striatella upon the stronger ribs and smaller size. P. Cockerelli is -far smoother than P. striatella, and, indeed, is so distinct from that species that no de- tailed comparison is needed. P. Cockerelli is far more like the Japanese P. pauper Gld. than any American species; but there is- no evidence showing P. pauper Gld. or P. flocculus Morel, to occur in American territory. The latter was described from Kamchatka, and has been found on Bering Island in the western Aleutians. Dr. von Martens has well figured the type specimen in his coucho- logical miscellany, " Conchologische Mittheilungen." P. Oronkhitei is barely distinguishable from P. striatella by the features alluded to above, and its standing even as a sub-species of striatella is dubious. It occurs commonly in northern California, in the counties draining into the Sacramento, and the same form has been found in Alaska ; but I have not seen it from intervening territory. Pyramidula striatella catskillensis n. v;ir. Sculpture sharper than in the typical form, umbilicus wider and shallower, and periphery angulated. Tannersville Valley, Catskill Mountains, N. Y. ; White Pond, Warren County, N. J. Mentioned in the Catalogue of Amer. L. Shells (No. 344a), but not before described. Omphalina fuliginosa polita n. v. Similar in general features to 0. fulif/inosa, but the surface glossy, as though varnished. Mountain region of eastern Tennes- see and western North Carolina, particularly the ranges along the boundary. Mentioned, but not described, in the Classified Cata- logue of Land Shells of America, No. 246a. Gastrodonta Clappi n. sp. Shell depressed, shaped much like G. multidentata, the upper surface somewhat convex, lower surface flattened, deeply 'In- dented around the minute umbilicus; thin, a little transparent, deep chestnut-amber colored and brilliantly glossy; composed of fully 6i very narrow and closely coiled whorls, the initial one rather coarse, the first half turn smooth, the rest of the shell sculptured with closely spaced impressed radiating grooves, which extend with THE NAUTILUS. 87 undirninished strength over the -base; last whorl broadly rounded at the periphery. Aperture very narrowly lunate, the convex out- line of the crescent somewhat angular in the middle ; peristome thin and simple. Alt. 3, diam. 5.7 mm. Mirey Ridge, Great Smoky mountains, Tennessee, near the North Carolina boundary. This is one of the fruits of Messrs. Ferriss and Clapp's summer journey to the Great Smokies and Uuakas, the story of which will be given to our readers by Mr. Ferriss, who suggested to me the propriety of naming the species in honor of Mr. George H. Clap]). Though both the adult and young specimens 1 have seen are toothless, G. Clappi seems to be allied to G. lamellidens and multi- deniata, but with a decidedly smaller umbilical perforation, the same number of whorls with twice the diameter, and a decidedly different ornamentation, the radiating grooves reminding one of Vitrea sculptilis Bid. V. capsella is more widely umbilicated. Zonitoides Randolph! n. sj>. Shell depressed, with the general form of Pyramidula striatella, thin, somewhat translucent, brownish ; the upper surface somewhat convex, the first H whorls decidedly protruding, glossy, whitish- corneous, contracting at the beginning of the next whorl; surface irregularly but strongly striated, both above and below. Whorls 3j, decidedly convex, the last convex below; width of umbilicus somewhat over one-fifth the diameter of shell, showing all the whorls. Aperture oblique, subcircular, somewhat less than one-fourth of the circle excised by the penultimate whorl. Alt. 2.7, diam. 4.8 mm. Lake Linderman, Alaska. The last whorl is less flattened than in Z. limatttli(s,t\ie umbilicus narrower, and there are fewer whorls. ANODONTA IMBECILLIS, HERMAPHRODITIC.' BY DR. V. STERKI. < >n October 2 Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. 4 Hipponyx tumens, Cpr. 4 Haminea virescens, Sby. 4 Acmaea depicta, Gld. 3 Acmaea incessa, Hds. 7 Acmaea palacea, Gld. 6 Crepidula adunca, Sby. 3 Crepidula dorsata, Brod. 3 Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. 2 Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. 4 Fissurella volcano, Rve. 25 Calliostomagemmulatum, Cpr. 4 Chama exogyra, Conr. 2 Chama pellucida, Sby. 1 Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. 37 Omphalius fuscescens, Phil. 36 Cerostoma Nuttalli, Conr. 58 Saxicava arctica, Linn. 2 Litorina planaxis, Nutt. 14 Litorina scntulata, Gld. 7 Mopalia muscosa, Gld. 5 Ischnocbiton magclalenensis, Hds. 31 Ischnochiton regularis, Cpr. 6 Tracliydermon Nuttalli, Cpr. 8 Trivia Californica, Gray 1 Pomaulax uudosus, Wood. 2 lanthina trifida, Nutt. 1 Odostomia nuciformis, Cpr. 0 Odostomia gouldii, Cpr. 1 Astyris gausapata, Gld. 7 Astyris tuberosa, Cpr. 15 Scalaria Hindsii, Cpr. 7 Conus Californicus, Hds. 3 12 species unknown to me, !<6 90 THE NAUTILUS. NEW SPECIES OF BIFIDARIA. BY DR. V. STERKI. Bifidaria perversa n. sp. Shell sinistrorse, obloug-cylindro conical, horn-colored, trans- lucent; apex rather acute; base umbilicate-rimate, the umbilicus partly overlaid by a projecting part of the last whorl ; whorls 5-', rather slowly and regularly increasing, convex, with the suture moderately deep, the last equaling two-fifths of altitude, slightly narrowed at the periphery, at last somewhat ascending and then protracted horizontally beyond the periphery of the spire, for a length equal to one-third of the diameter, with a rather high, oblique crest-swelling all around, in front of that contracted, and margins broadly everted all around at the aperture ; on the palatal side of the protracted part, behind the aperture, a deep longitu- dinal ( = spiral) impression; surface slightly shining, with fine, almost regular, crowded stria; nucleus microscopically rugulose; aperture of moderate size, rounded below, truncated above, with a sinus occupying the upper half of the palatal side. Lamellae and folds : angulo-parietal large ; angular at its inner end joining the side of the parietal, with a curve reaching the margin at the supero- parietal angle ; parietal very high, strongly curved, the (inner) convexity toward the columella, its front end at a rather large dis- tance from the supero-columellar angle ; columellar spiral, with its front end on the parietal wall, its inner part not visible; basal radial, lamellar, high ; inferior palatal fold very deep in the throat, long, lamellar, curved downward over the basal, visible only from the outside; superior quite short, high, tooth-like, in front of the inferior. Alt. 2.-'), diam. of spire 1.1, whole diam. 1.5 mm.; apert. alt. 0.8, diam. O.b' mm. H(tbit«t. — Nogales, Arizona, on the Mexican border. Collected by Mr. E. H. Ashmun, together with Bi.f. Ashm/uni(see below) and the following species: Bif. jierrersa is unlike any other species of the genus, by its being sinistrorse and the last whorl protracted considerably beyond the periphery of the spire. In size, shape, color, striation, the con- II IE NAUTILUS. 91 figuration of the aperture with its lamelhe and folds, it stands nearest Bifid. Ashrmini. These two species represent a new type a in 'ing the already very different groups of the genus. Bifidaria Dalliana n. >•[>. Shell minute, ovate-turriculate, perforate-rimate, pale horn-col- ored, translucent; apex somewhat obtuse; whorls 5, regularly in- creasing, convex, with the suture deeper between the upper than the lower whorls ; the last whorl ascending at the aperture, compressed at the periphery, especially so toward the aperture, with a slight, shal- low crest-elevation, its base narrow except just behind the aperture, where there is a slight depression ; surface with very fine, crowded stria;; aperture equaling a little over one-third of altitude, almost as wide as high, rounded below, with three almost equal angles above, margins approximate, somewhat extended upward and con- nected by a slight, straight callus, somewhat everted, especially below, without a thickened lip. Lamella? and folds: angular and parietal rather large, connected but distinct, the former ending at the margin; a nodule-like iufraparietal ; columellar rather large, lamellar, horizontally encircling the somewhat projecting columella ; basal transverse (radial ) on the impressed part of the base, short lamellar, abrupt; parietal folds approximate, the superior rather short, the inferior longer, deeper in the throat, somewhat oblique. Alt. 1.6 to 1.8, diam. 0.8 to 0.9, apert. alt. 0.6 mm. Soft parts very light-colored. Jaw rather strongly arcuate, with rather fine, irregular, crowded, tubercular ribs projecting as irregu- lar denticulations on the cutting edge. Radula 0.48 mm. long, 0,13 wide, with 72 transverse rows of 19 teeth, c : 4 : 5 ; the central narrow, with three short cuspids, the laterals bicuspid ; marginals : one tricuspid, the others serrate — four to six-cuspid. Habitat. — Nogales, Arizona, with the preceding species. Bifid. Dalliana stands near B. hordeacella Pilsbry, for the smallest forms of which it might be mistaken, and some of the smallest West Indian species of the genus. From hordeacella it is distinguished by its being less cylindrical, the presence of the infraparietal nodule, and the basal being lamellar, placed radially upon the impressed part of the base, and nearer the margin than is the basal of hordea- cella. These differences appear to be trifling, but they are signifi- cant. Over thirty lots of B. hordeacella, from Key West, through Florida, Mississippi, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and from dif- !>2 THE NAUTILUS. ferent stations along the Mexican border, have been carefully com- pared, and the characters noted were found constantly different in both species. The n. sp. has been named in honor of Dr. William H. Dall. Bifid, Ashmuni, form minor. In company with the two preceding Bitidarhe, Mr. Ashmun found some specimens of Bif. Ashmuni, which are not only smaller than the types, 1.5 to 1.9 mm. high, but the shell is also thinner, the color paler, the everted part of the lip less broad, the number of whorls one-half to one less. NOTE ON THE GENERIC NAMES OF TWO GROUPS OF ACHATINID.ZE. BY C. F. ANCKY. When \vritiug on the terrestrial mollusca collected by Mr. P. Duzen, Dr. Y. Sjostedt, and Dr. J. R. Jungner in the German colony of Cameroon, Mr. Adolf d'Ailly has thought to propose a new gen- eric name for Aehatina Shuttleworthi, Pfr. and Barriana, G. B. Sowerby. The author overlooked the fact that I had some years ago (Bulletins de la Society Malacologiqiie de France, 1888, p. 69), proposed a name for the same group, of which A. Shuttleworthi was made the type. Thus Ganomidos, d'Ailly, becomes a synonym of Callistopepla, Ancey. Mr. d'Ailly was not aware that Petitia, Jouss., established for Aehatina pulchella, von Mart, (or rather Petitia Petitia, Jouss., which is a synonym), already being used for another group of shells— a section of Stoastoma — has been changed by me to Lepto- cala in the same paper (page 70, foot-note 3). Aehatina mollicella, Morelet, probably is the oldest name for the type of the genus, as I believe (and Mr. E. A. Smith, i. 1., agrees with me in that respect) that A. pulchella, v. Mart. (== Petitia Petitia, Jouss., = Aehatina Smithi, G. B. Sow., not Craven == Achat. Sowerbyi, Smith) is a synonym or at least a mere smaller, more solid and conic variety of- the same. I have in my collection a typical specimen of ^4. mollicella, Mor., one of the two original ones collected at the Gaboon by Captain Vignon, and also examples of A. pulchella, von Mart., sent me by the author, and cannot detect any characters of specific value to distinguish them from authentic mol/icelfa, Morelet. THK NAUTILUS. A NEW UNIO FROM TEXAS. r.y BERLIN IT \VI:K;HT. II. Iheringi. *\<. nov. Shell sub-plicate or slightly folded on the posterior slope and forward over the uinbonal area, sub-quadrate; substance of the shell rather thick and uniform ; beaks prominent, small, angular, and ornamented with three or four doubly looped and corrugated ridges; epidermis yellowish green to very dark red and nearly covered with coarse faint green rays ; teeth solid, remarkably smooth, single in the right and double in the left valves; cicatrices almost confluent, smooth and well impressed ; cavity of the beak moderate ; nacre a clear, lustrous white. Diam. 1, length (height) H, width 3 inches. Habitat. — San Saba River, Menard Co., Texas. Type in National Museum. REMARKS. — This species was discovered by Mrs. John Alex. Smith, of Meuardville, Texas, who found it in company with N. coloracloensis, Lea, houstonensis, Lea, gracilis, Bar. (?) tuberculatus, Bar. petriuus, Gd., pauciplicatus, Lea, speciosus, Lea, anodon- toides, Lea, and An. undulata, Say? Its affinities are with I . piiciferus, Lea and U. Mitehellii Simpson.. It differs from the first in being less rayed, lighter epidermis, white nacre, sharper umbonal angle, and more produced posterior dorsal margin, and lower and flatter umbo. From the latter it differs in the beak sculpture, which in Mitehellii is coarser and not looped, sharper umbonal ridge, higher umbo, more generally folded, and in being rayed. It gives us great pleasure to name this species in honor of Dr. H. von Ihering, Director of the Museum Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil, who has done so much valuable work iu many departments ot Natural Science. To Mr. Charles T. Simpson, of the National Museum, I am in- debted for his comparisons with the type of his species. RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY VOL. IX, No. 3, JULY AND OCTOBER. 1898. — Additions to " British Conchology " (continued) By J. G. Marshall ; "The Marine Mollusca of Madras and the 94 THE NAUTILUS. immediate neighborhood " by J. Cosmo Melvill and R. Standen ; " Notes on some Anglesea land aud fresh water Mollusca " by Chas. Oldham ; " Observations on the pairing of Limax maximus L." by Lionel E. Adams; "Notes on a Collection of Marine Shells from Lively Island, Falkland, with list of species," by J. Cosmo Melvill and K. Standeu, the following new species are described and figured. Lachesis euthrioides, Cyamium falklandicum, Thracia Antarctica. " Observation on abnormal specimens of Planorbis spirorbis and other fresh water shells at Tenby," by A. G. Stubbs. The article is illustrated by a very interesting plate showing the various abnormal forms. " Notes on the land Mollusca of Grange-over-sands, Lan- cashire" by R. Standen; "On Latirus armatus Ad." by J. Cosmo Melvill. JOURNAL DE CONCHYLIOLOGIE, Vol. 46, Jan. 1898 (received Sept. 23). " Note sur quelques Mollusques terrestres des Isles Phil- ippines encore peu repandus dans les collections," par. H. Crosse (1 plate ). " Coquilles nouvelles proveuant des n'coltes de M. L. Levay dans le Haut-Mekong pendant la campague du Massie (1893-'94-'95), par. A. Bavay. New species described and figured : Amphidromus Laosianus, Paludina simonis, P. Lagrandierei). Additions a la Faune Malacologique terrestre et fluviatile de la Nouvelle-Calt-- donie et de ses dependances, par. H. Crosse. Description de coquilles fossiles des Terrains tertiaires inferieurs (suite), par. M. C. Mayer Eymar (2 plates) 12 new species are described. The 430te and 437te Lieferungen of the Systematisches Conchy- lien Cabinet have appeared. The former, by Clessin, treats of Aplysia, aud it is so inexpressibly bad that it is beyond criti- cism. Lieferuug 437 continues Kobelt's account of the Aurlcnlidw , including Zoospeum, Carychium, Pythia, Alexia and Cas8idula,&nd is by far the best monograph yet published on these forms, though omissions are more numerous than we could wish. Thus in ( '(trychium, Bourguignat's description and figures of his two worth- less species, existelium and euphceum, are given, while exile, occi- dentale and jamaicense, all well marked American species, figured years ago in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and in this journal, are not mentioned. The Cali- foruian form of Alexia is also omitted, etc., etc. THE NAUTILUS. '.'•"» ON THE ANATOMY OF BtTLIMUS SINI8TRORSUS DESK., by Will. Moss and W. M. Webb (Journ. of Malacol., VI, 1897, no. 1). Specimens from Lifu of this species, the type of the group l>m- parnaudia Montrouzier,1 yielded preparations of the genitalia, dentition, etc., which are figured and briefly commented upon. The penis has a terminal retractor and bears a well differentiated epiphallus, but no flagellum. Jaw apparently almost smooth, judging from the figure. Radula with mesocones only developed on the rachis, laterals with large ectocone, marginals 4-denticulate from deep splitting of both mesocone and ectocone. The details given are sufficient to show that Drapamaudia is not a subordinate group of Papuina. It lacks the arboreal or subarboreal type of teeth, the weak, wide ribbed jaw, and the insertion of the retractor on epiphallus. The dentition and jaw also exclude it from the immediate neighborhood of Amphidromus. Penial accessories are absent, so it cannot be a Bull minus. Drapamaudia would seem to be a valid genus, not a satellite to any larger group; and the evidence offered indicates its position to be among the epiphal- logonous Helices ; though until the pallial region is investigated, we cannot be certain that it is not a member of the Bulimulidce. NEW CRETACEOUS FOSSILS from an artesian well-boring at Mount Laurel, New Jersey, by C. W. Johnson (Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898, pp. 461-464). A list of some 36 species is given, obtained from depths of 100 to 160 feet. The fauna is regarded by Mr. Johnson as equivalent to the Ripley bed of the Alabama and Mississippi Cretaceous. C in i ilia rostata, Anchiira pergracilis, Turritella <]iiad- rilira and Tuba reticulata are described and figured as new, and the lip of another new Anchura is figured but not named. Mr. John- son states that Tiigonia eufalensisis merely the young of T. thor-« Morton.— H. A. P. NOTES AND NEWS. We regret to announce the death of our esteemed friend, Mr. John Shallcross, which occurred at his home in Frankford, Phila- delphia, on October 30th. He was born in that suburb January 4th, 1827, where he spent his entire life. He was a prominent 1 See NAUTILUS, Feb. 1897. 96 THE NAUTILUS. lawyer, beiug admitted to the bar in 1856. As a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences he was especially interested in conchology, his collection being notably rich in Volutidre and Cyprseidse. The Boston Society of Natural History has purchased the Rev. J. T. Gu lick's personal collection of Achatiuella of the Hawaiian Islands. In his annual report, the curator, Prof. Alpheus Hyatt says : " This accession makes the Society's collection the most com- plete in existence, if to the list of species and the number of shells we also add the facts that it is accurately labelled, contains seventy- two originals of the species already described, has a full representa- tion of a number of now extinct varieties and species, and was collected so many years ago that it can be used in some localities to show that new species have arisen upon Oahu within the past ten or twenty years. There are at present under this roof about fourteen or fifteen thousand shells of this one group, which many naturalists consider to be but one genus. These practically all belong to the Society, and there are also about six thousand more, the property of Mr. Oleson, of Worcester, kiudly loaned to the curator for study ; in all about twenty thousand shells." — E. W. R. NEWSPAPER CONCHOLOGY. — "One of the most beautiful shells found along our coast is that of a large snail which climbs certain trees and grows delicately fat on the young birds. The shell is as thin as tissue paper, oddly curved and almost as transparent as the finest glass. It belongs to the family of edible snails so prized as a delicacy on the coast of France, and if properly prepared makes a delicious dish. It is most abundant about New River inlet, where the slight shake of a tree about sunset will bring a shower of them to the ground. The breakage of a shell seems to be of little trouble to the snail — he repairs the damage and moves on." — Jacksonville (Fla.) Citizen. The JOURNAL DE CONCHYLIOLOGIE is to be published hereafter under the direction of Messrs. H. Fischer, Ph. Dautzenberg and L. Dolfus. We wish the new directors success equal to that enjoyed or so many years by the late directors, Crosse and Fischer. LIBRARY THE NAUTILUS. Ym:. XII. .JANUARY, 1S<)<». No. !>. COLLECTING IN THE GREAT SMOKIES. BV .IAMKS II. VEKRISS. For three summers t have collected in the Great Smokies, princi- pally upon Thunderhead and Mirey ISidge and in Cade's Core. Clingman's Dome was skimmed over a couple of times and also the bluff of the Little Tennessee at Tallassee ford, and this year I gave three days to the Unaka range. This range is also on the line be- tween Tennessee and North Carolina. When a tenderfoot in shells, Mrs. M. L. Andrews, of Knoxville, sent me Vitrinizonites latissimus. I felt that if a woman could do as well as that, a man might find something as large as a tin cup, with spines. At the first opportunity the wonderful shell land was surveyed, and since then I have seen some of the most delightful days of my life' These mountains are covered with a luxuriant growth of trees and plants of many varieties, fungi and shells. Tt is an enchanted land surely, for I am homesick until I return. This year, George H. Clapp, of Pittsburgh, a careful student, a tire- less collector, a regular cracker-jack, to speak professionally, and my wife went with me. From Knoxville we go southward thirty-five miles in a farm wagon. There the road and telephone ends, and collectors are at home with William Blair in Cade's Cove, as "-ood a man as was ever ' O made up to (his time. Cade's Cove, six miles in length, is thickly settled, but from this point one must ride a mule or walk. Mr. Clapp arrived in the Cove about noon a few days after I had completed a little hasty prospecting. Late in the afternoon we OS THE NAUTILUS. bagged twenty Polynyra Chilhoweensis, These were fine, some pearly white and dentated. We- also obtained a few P. appressa perigrapta Pils. and other good shells. There were none to throw away, for even the Pyramidula altcrnata were a beautifully ribbed variety, var. costifera Lewis, perhaps. P. Chilhoweensis is an active snail, and whenever a piece of shaded open woods in some level cove was found it was almost sure to be there in the old brush piles or around old logs and stumps. P. perigrapta is a bark shell, sometimes found |in the moss upon the trunks of the poplar trees and basswood, but usually under the old bark of dead trees. We found ninety in one hour among the slabs of an old mill yard. The favorite trees for snails are the basswood, buckeye and poplar, the latter known in other localities as tulip or white wood. The stumps of the latter, when damp, are covered with the small va- rieties of Zonites, Pupa and Strobilops. The next day a short trip was made to a piece of oak barrens where Poly. Christyi was to be found among the dead leaves. Here we also found a beautiful rose-colored albolabrix, called " redii " for short, of about thirty mm. in width; tridentata with double teeth; Gastro's interte.cta, demissa and gularis ; also Omphalina Andrcicstt and variety montivaga. Pils ; fuliginosa and variety polita, Pils.; IMicodiscus fimbriatus, Wetherby ; Poly. Clark! and a Strobilops I am waiting to hear what Mr. Pilsbry has to say about it. The third day we took our dinner pails and went farther and found plenty of Poly. Wheatlyi and some fine stenotrema depilata Pils. It rained and Mr. Clapp had difficulty with a pair of rubber boots. Wet boots are hard on the feet. With the aid of two canes he could do but little more than crawl coming down the mountain. Not being very much acquainted with him at that time, not knowing how far to press him, fearing he might think I wanted to run off with his boots, he was punished a little more than really necessary. When he had about come to a standstill I persuaded him to trade for my moccasins. I then carried the boots upon my back to show good faith, and we rolled homeward with light hearts, though our feet were heavy. For collecting small shells Mr. Clapp had wooden pill bottles with wooden stoppers. For the Helices I had a small fisherman's creel with a wide rubber band over the mouth, in which there was a slit. To turn over sticks and barks and kill rattlesnakes I had something of a ginseng hook made of a socket garden hoe, the blade cut down to an about an inch and a half in width and about four inches in length* THE NAUTILUS. <)<> running to a point. Mrs. Andrews lent us a surgeon's hook. Mr. Clapp had a surgeon's abscess syringe and I had a brush, or swab with a flexible handle, made by twisting small copper wire around a piece of sponge. Our collections were cleaned up every day and the shells are cb'an. In cooking we kept the water at a boiling point, and with a dipper made of wire netting boiled the large Poly. Andmcmp, a few at a time, the albolaljrls or Gliilhoweensis 40 seconds; ajtprcssa and Fer- rissii 18; the Omp. Andrewsse, 8, and Christyi and Stcnotremas •">. the small Zouites 3 seconds. The evening of this third day Mr. Clapp powdered his feet with talcum and the next morning was ready to go up to Thuuderhead with a mule. Here we camped several days to recuperate, and opened a mine for G astro, lamellidens. These snails are under the shingle or spawls of rock from one to two feet down. With these \ve found a new Gastro. about the size of Gastro. AiiJrcicsfr, which Mr. Pilsbry named " Clappi." It is exceedingly frail, and before we un- derstood this many of our few examples were broken. There will be only enough for Pilsbry and the National Museum this time. We also found it at Mirey Ridge, about twelve miles further east. The mules were brought up again to move us, but were so loaded with our camp dunnage we walked. Mrs. F. could not walk half a mile to the street cars at home. Mr. Clapp left us at this camp for home, and Mrs. F. and I stayed another week alone and then took a hasty trip to Clingman's Dome when the mules came again. It rained all that part of the trip and we went back to the Cove in one day in the rain. There were twenty miles to cover and a number of those sat upon edge, so they didn't count, but Mrs. F. had her mule to ride this time. I only found the red and banded varieties of Poly. Andrewsx and Fi't-rissii upon Clingman in the two hours I was there. I was a little afraid of bears and may not have looked close enough for the smaller varieties. Before leaving, Mr. Clapp helped to open a mine for Fen-lssi'i upon the slope of Mirey Ridge. The shingle was soon abandoned, for we found the snails under heavy, damp slabs of stone from three to twenty feet across, piled up at the foot of slides. By clearing away the inoss and roots and getting light under, and by taking different angles of observation we could often find two or three under one roof, and occa- sionally a Whcatlcyi, and I once found tbe new Gastrodonta. The young of Ferrissii were hirsute. We wore our finger nails down to the sore point and crawled around on the damp soil until our lady 100 THE NAUTILUS. partner made a protest. The soil in itself was clean, but when plas- tered all over with it we looked bad. It will always be worth a dollar apiece to collect lamellidens and Fcrrissfi unless some higher grade localities are discovered, Mr. Clapp has since written me that he hns found lamellfdcns from New Hampshire. Poly. Clarki had climbed higher or dug deeper this year. Very few were found, and those only by accident. Our largest was one of 18 mm. in width. In our opinion the dark coves at the base of the mountains are the best collecting grounds. But as the recuperation of health is the only excuse I have to get away from business partners. I led the way to the mountain tops. At 6,000 feet it is cool and bracing when hot below. It is also too high for mosquitoes and flies. Polygyra Andrewsse, Omp. Andrew SK, Folygyra Riigcll, Circlnarin concava and Gastro. acccra are the most active snails at all elevations. Yltrinizonites latissimus is active upon the slopes near the mountain tops. It is found in damp situations and there are two varieties, one light horn color with a smooth, firm shell ; the other, known as the grape skin variety for convenience, larger, nearly black, very thin shelled and nearly always crumpled. Both social, but. usinlly col- onized separately. The large white or light horn colored variety of Poll/. Andrewsee is the most active variety of this species, and is to be found in the paths among the leaves, upon the trunks of trees or old logs everywhere, and it is very sociable. I found twenty-three around one stump. This species bothered us. The large variety does not colonize with the smaller. We found it 37 mm. wide and 25 in height. The smallert smoky, typical variety, with a round aperture and about 22 mm. in width, was found upon the top of Thunderhead. It was usually a, rest under the moss of the trees or under the rocks, but it is nearly as active as the larger variety. It has a banded variety. Upon Mirey Ridge, upon the Tennessee slope, was a larger, banded form of about 27 mm. with a white variety. Here we found the dark, cherry-red form of about 27 mm., with a white lip, resting in the moss upon old logs or the lower corner of large rocks lying up from the ground. /Phe animal was light colored also, and when it rolled out from under the moss its shining red whorls and white lip glittered like a jewel, and .Mr. Clapp never failed then to whoop like an Indian. The shell is solitary in its habits and never found traveling. We only found two at once upon the same stone. Upon the North Carolina side of the ridge we found a form about the same size as the latter, which we called THE NAUTILUS. |()1 •• half and half" for couveuience. The lower half of the body whorl was light colored, the upper dark. Upon Clingman the habits seem to change. The mountain is cov- ered with balsam and the moss is very deep, and as this mountain is the highest of the group the clouds hang about the peak continually. Here the red Andrewsse was active, sometimes in the grass, which grows as high as one's head, and sometimes two or more were upon the roof of large rucks, in company with a light colored form and Ferrissii. Hut only one Fcrrissif was found under a rock at a time, and the last whorl was much larger than those upon Mirey Ridge. The next trip T went alone with some deer hunters about forty miles to the south into the Unaka range. Tarrying at the Little Ten- nessee I found Poly . pustuloides Bid., Gastro. signrficans and a beauti- ful form of depressed Omphnlina Ixcigata. In color the latter had that peculiar blue of the Campelomas, and it was 25 mm. in width. 1 also found Unio regular is. Lea, in the river, and of ferns I found the inclsum form of Asplenium trichomanes heretofore found only in San Diego, Cal., and Vermont. Upon the deer hunt we left our tent, coats and blankets behind and carried cooking utensils, corn meal and bacon upon our own backs. We slept under sheds large enough for a tire made of hemlock bark on the spot. The fire was needed every night. We slept on bark, good bark. Alone and so far away, among bears, rattlesnakes and strangers, I felt timid and did not get many snails, but I know it will be good ground for next year. The snail hulls, as they cail them in Tennessee, were very large. One of niy Chilhoweemis measured 40 mm.; a Poly. An- tirewsze, 39 ; Wheatleyi, 24 ; Palliata and an Omphalind subplana, 25 each. I also found the rose-colored variety of albolabris upon the hillsides, colored through and through and shining like a piece of china. It measured about 20 mm. When Mr. Pilsbry's report comes in I may send THE NAUTILUS a list of the snails found upon the Smokies by Mrs. Andrews, Mr. Clapp and myself. — •» » »• — NEW AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Vt'ti-ca rhoadsi, n. sp. Simijar to V.mdentata, but differing from that species in the distinct umbilicus, about one-half mm. wide, showing the penultimate whorl within ; radial grooves more numerous, and there- fore closer. The same characters, and the smaller size, separate 1<)1_> THE NAUTILUS. r-hoadsi t'rnui V.carolinerisfs. Alt. 2.5. diam. 4.x mm.. <>r some- what smaller. Distribution, mainly along the Blue .Ridge and Tor some distance each side of it, and south to the Great Smokies. Ft is lacking, so far as we know, in New York, Ohio, the whole trans- Alleghaniau region ;md the Gulf States, where V. hxlrntafa is of common occurrence. Special localities are as follows : Connecticut: W. Granby. Hartford County (Benton Holeomb). New Jersey : White Pond. Warren County ( Pilsbry & Rhoads. type locality). Pennsylvania : Top of High Knob, Pike County (S. N. Rhoads) ; Philadelphia (Try on) ; Monterey, Adams County (Pilsbry) : Fulton County (C. W. Johnson ). Maryland : Cumberland (Howard Shriver). West Virginia : Wirt County (William J. Fox). North Carolina: •• Roandale Farm." near Magnetic City (A. G. Wetherby). Tennessee: Roe's Flat. Cade's Cove, in the Great Smoky Moun- tains (James H. Ferriss). This Vftrea seems to be especially characteristic of the somewhat mountainous northern portion of New Jersey and Pennsylvania tra- versed by the Blue Ridge. It often occurs associated with typical V. tndentata, from which it is perfectly easy to separate it by the well- marked umbilicus. The series before me shows constantly the dif- ferences mentioned above, with no intergradation whatever, even when rhoadsi occurs with indentatus. Tt is named in honor of Mr. S. N. Rhoads. who collected the types with the writer. Mr. Rhoads found it also in Pike County, Pennsyl- vania. Probably the •' variety with an open umbilicus/' which Mr. Binncy mentions without locality under Z. indentafus (Manual of American Land Shells, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 28, p. 63, p. 17) is this form. Collectors who will look through their series of 1". hidentata and T'. hammonis from the region iudicafed above will probably find speci- mens of V.rhondxf. Tt is much easier to separate from indfiifafa, than cftroh'nensis is. V1TREA INDENT ATA AND VARIETIES. The widely distributed V. imlcntata varies from distinctly perforate to a scarcely punctured condition. In Say's types the perforation mav be THE NAUTILUS. 10;! seen with a good lens, though it was not noticed by Say, who probably worked with what would now be thought an inferior glass. In cen- tral and southern Texas a large race occurs, in which the shell attains a diameter of (i mm. It is always distinctly perforate, pale and pellucid. The difference between this and the form from other regions is slight. but seems correllated with geographic position. Some hundreds of specimens have been examined, from New Braunfels, Hidalgo, San Antonio, etc. I have seen this form labelled " Z. scidptilif, " by some collectors, and Mr. Binney so identified the specimens collected in Texas by Hemphill, some of which are before me. (Man. Amer. \i. Sh. p. 219). It is quite unlike true sculptilis, but approaches Yii- rea carolinensi* Ckll., which is a geographically separated mountain form, very close to imlrntata, though, I believe, sufficiently distinguish- able. SUCCINEA RETUSA MAGISTER n. var. Distinguished from 8. r< - fttsa Lea (ovalls Grid, not Say) by its larger size, less developed spire and larger aperture. Alt. 18, greatest width 9o-10, length of aperture 13-14 mm. A common form in the northern Mississippi valley, sufficiently un- like '• oval is " to be separated therefrom by collectors generally, and frequently called " S. JUgginsi.'1' It is No. 35Sa, of the catalogue. Types are from Rock Island, Illinois, collected by myself. PUPA DECORA AND ITS ALLIES. — An excellent series of the typical /'itpa decora having been secured by Mr. P. B. Randolph in the Dye a Valley, it is possible to institute more satisfactory comparisons with allied forms than the limited number of specimens before avail- able permitted P. decora seems to vary but little. Of its imme- diate allies 1'. corpulenta Morse is very near decora, perhaps only varietally distinct. P. cot/cinnula, Ckll. is a smaller shell, with elongated lamina; rather than denticles within the outer lip. It oc- curs in Colorado, and I have received specimens from the Jemex. Mountains, New Mexico, collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun. P. co- /umbiana Sterki is an apparently valid species of this group, though not yet described; and I have still another form from near Lake Su- perior which is allied to P. decora, but differs in smaller size, in hav- ing another denticle at the foot ot the columella (five in all, instead of four), and a sharper, higher crest behind the outer lip. the edge of the latter more projecting in a point above, when seen in a profile view. This may be called J\ipa (Neafctula) svperiori*. The west 104 THE NAUTILUS. Nearctulas, I'. California! and its allies, differ from those of the in- terior iu wanting the crest behind the outer lip. From a study of Morch's description and figures in the American Journal of Conchology, vol. IV, p. 80, pi. 3. f. 6-9. it is obvious that Pupa Jioppii Moller is not identical with P. decora. Binney's figure in Man. Araer. L. Sh., f. 190, does not represent the true hoppii ; and no reliable record of its occurrence outside of Green- land has been made. IN MEMORIAM-M. H. CROSSE. (1 BY REV. A. H. COOKE, KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBKIlMiE. E\,hod?.a, ff/.seUa and Volnta. It naturally befel one who had the handling of vast masses of ma- terial to found new genera, as well as innumerable new species, yet he was no sympathizer with the "splitting" school, and discountenanced, rather by example than rebuke, the folly of those who reduce the sci- ence to confusion by manufacturing a new species for every second specimen. To Crosse are due, either singly or in conjunction with P. Fischer, the following, amongst other genera : Acropd/chia, P>erend- tia, Diplomplialus, Eucalodiuw. (reo&iilhi'i. Guextieria. Perei- a. Xtrtbeha and Xanthony.c. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS BY ROBERT E. ('. STEAKNS. Haliotisfulgens, Phil , var Walallensis, Stearns. On the coast of Mendocino county, California, in the extreme south- west corner, close to the northerly boundary line of Sonoma county, is an embarcadero or shipping point of the lumber interests of that neigh- borhood; here is situated a small settlement known as Gualalla.* The coast hereabout is broken and rocky, with bluffs fifty to a hundred feet high. In the immediate vicinity of this village Mr. J. J. Rivers some years ago collected the forms herein described, specimens of which are contained in the National Museum (No. 98,327) and in the mu- seum of the University of California. The examples in the National collection were kindly presented to me by Mr. Rivers, and are a part of the original lot. The largest adult is of much smaller size than the average adult examples of the ordinary form of H. fulgcns ; my ex- amination of the entire series collected by Mr. Rivers su<™;ested the v OO European H. tuberrulata of the Channel islands. There is a Japa-'' nese figure in Reeve's Conch. Icon., H. planata, which it somewhat resembles. As my note book containing the diagnosis, etc., of the above was unfortunately destroyed some years ago, I am indebted to '••' Guallala, which is the official pnst office name of the village, is a local- ized corruption of the Indian Walalln^ which latlei, I think, stnuld be per petuated . THE NAUTILUS. 107 the courtesy of my friend, Dr. W. H. Ball, for the following descrip- tion from the National Museum examples: Shell of an oval form, considerab y flattened and with about two and a half whorls ; color, dark brick red, with occasional mottlings of pale bluish green ; holes, four in the young to six in the adult, ; sculpture, of fine, somewhat irregular spiral threads, crossed by fine, close, slightly elevated, sharp, concentric lamellae, and a few small obscure wavelets which radiate obliquely from the apex ; nacre rather pale, with pink and pale green reflections, but much less deep in color than the typ- ical fulyens Lon., 100 ; lat., li« ; alt., 17 mm. This variety differs from the type in its more elongate and flattened form, its constantly finer, spiral threading and its paler nacre. The concentric lamellation is sometimes undeveloped on the young shells. It has the same number of holes as the type. This varietal form may be regarded as the extreme northerly expres- sion of//. fu/(/ois ; the latter, if my memory is not at fault, has not heretofore been credited to any part of the coast north of Point Con- cepcion ; from that point to Griialalla is an immense jump, about 320 nautical miles. GENERAL NOTES. A NK\V (TENUS OP HELICES. — Upon dissecting specimens of P»li/- V//>'" mitn'hi/ssfi Dall. recently. Prof. Cockerell noticed several important points of divergence in the genitalia as compared with what has been been observed in Polyrida.nnx, Shuttl. May not other collections have this Floridian spccios from northern localities? E. G-. VANATTA.V /£ lit 10S THE NAUTILI'S PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. THE LOWER CRETACEOUS GRYPH^EAS <>F THE TEXAS RK<;K>N. By ROBERT T. HILL and T. WAYLAXD VAUGHAN. (Bull. 151, U- S. Geol. Survey.) In the introduction to this work there is an ac- count of the great controversy that arose between Prof. Jules Mar- cou and other American paleontologists "concerning the species Gryphcea pitcher i, Morton, and the formation in which it was found." "By the erroneous impression given to Dr. Roemer, through the careless preservation of original type specimens, the first confusion of Morton's G. pitcher) with other species of Gryphcea was started, and the nucleus was created for an almost endless misrepresentation and conlusion of forms, which has so permeated all the literature of the country that the task of correcting it at times seemed almost impossible." The variations of Gryphwu <-orrti-<;•_>). recent studies of Newberry and Schiel's Grjfp/«ij(f />/Yr//ov from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico and Utah shows it to be a distinct spe- cies (G. If eirbei- r i/i, Stan.), and removes the last vestige of G. pitch en' from the Upper Cretaceous " A review and classification of the fossil Oslreidae of the Texas re- gion is given, after which is a historical statement of the discovery of the forms referred to. G pilchei'i, Mort, and the geographical and stratigraphical distribution of the Lower Cretaceous Gry- phseas." A description of species follows G, tt-(ii'i1cliet'i, Blake (not Morton) the name of (i . tmircoui is pn>po>ed. The other forms that have been referred to, G pildtcri. etc., by various authors, are here arranged under four species: G. <-<>rnt 5. 6, ti. Since the above was written, additional specimens from San Fran- cisco have been received from Mr. VV. J. Raymond. They agree in all respects with the types. — • ^ » — ON A NEW SPECIES OF DRILLIA FROM CALIFORNIA. BY \VM. H DALL. Drillia empyrosia, u. sp. Shell solid, with a high acute spire and polished surface; color yel- lowish with a burnt sienna brown tint on the later whorls, a paler peripheral band develops white patches where it crosses the ribs ; transverse sculpture of (about 11) slightly oblique somewhat flexuous ribs, obsolete below the periphery and upon the anal fasciole, sharpest on the earlier whorls ; Spiral sculpture of coarse, sometimes nearly obsolete threads, most obvious below the periphery ; whorls nine, the nucleus lost in the specimen ; aperture short, wide, with a deep wide notch leaving a wide fasciole, a callous lump above the notch on the body, and a rather strong whitish callus, externally brown-edged, on the pillar; siphonal notch wide with a marked fasciole, the canal slightly recurved. Lon. of shell 31, of last whorl 16; of aperture 10, max. diam. 10 mm. Found in deep water off San Pedro, Cala., by Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd. This species resembles D. unitnaculata Sowerby. but is smaller, with a different coloration, with less nodular and more oblique ribs, and more slender form. Though not the largest, it is perhaps the most elegant Pleurotonioid of alta California. NEW PUPIDIE. BY DR. V. STERKI. BIFCDARIA QUADRIDENTATA, n. sp. Shell narrowly perforate-rimate, conical-turriculate, with the apex somewhat obtuse; colorless glassy; 128 THE NAUTILUS. surface very slightly striated, shining ; whorls six, gradually increasing, with the suture rather deep between the upper, less so between the lower whorls; the last whorl moderately ascending at the aperture, rather rounded at the base, slightly expanded near the aperture, with an impression over the inferior palatal fold ; aperture rather oval, truncated above, margins well everted, the palatal somewhat more curved than the columellar, the two connected by a thin callus; lamellae and folds four, subequal ; angulo-parietal appearing almost simple, inclined toward the columella ; columellar horizontal, rather short and strong, palatals rather short and stout, in normal position, the inferior somewhat larger and more remote from the margin ; size : alt. 2.4 to 2.8, diam. 1 3; apert. alt. 1.0 mm. Hab.: Capitan Mts., Lincoln Co., New Mexico. Over a hundred good, fresh specimens were collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun. In size, shape and color, our species has much resemblance to Bif. contracta Say, but the aperture, with its lamellae and folds, is very different, as is at once apparent from the description. Bif. quadridentata rather ranges with Bif. pilsbryana, which, however is very much smaller, usually has a basal lamella and whose angulo- parietal shows hardly its being complex. BIP. HORDEACELLA Pils. var. PARVIDENS, n. Quite small, apex more acute than in typical examples, and outline more obovoid ; peristome rather abruptly but narrowy everted ; lamella? and folds small, es. pecially so the upper palatal, often being a mere trace ; basal absent or very small; color pale horn ; alt. 1.5 to 2 mm. Jerome, Arizona, a good number of specimens, collected by Rev. E. H. Ash mum. PUPA (PiJPlLLA) SONORANA, n. sp. Shell perforate-rimate, cylin- drical, apex obtuse, rounded ; color brownish horn ; surface finely striated-rugulose, more coarsely so near the aperture ; whorls 6£, grad- ually increasing; suture rather deep; the jast whorl comparatively small, compressed in its inferior part, the base narrow, almost keeled ; near the aperture a high, sharp bulging filled with a strong whitish callus, shining through the shell ; a narrow, deep constriction in front of it, and an impression over the palatal fold; aperture rather small ; margins abruptly but rather narrowly everted ; lamellae and fold&-3, white; parietal rather deep seated, long, spiral ; columellar perpen- dicular (along the columella), lamellar ; palatal (the inferior) rather strong, often with a thread-like prolongation inward. Size : alt. 2.ti, diam. 1.3. THE NAUTILUS. J •_>«» Hab.: White Oaks, Mescale, Giluiures, New Mexico, and of one lot the origin is unknown, (very probably New Mexico or Arizona) col- lected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun. Far. TENELLA, n. Shell rather oblong or ovoid ; the bulging in the palate less high, and only with a slight callus inside. Most speci- mens are less high than the types (2.3 to 2.6). Capitan Mts., New Mexico, Mr. Ashmun, a dozen specimens. This Pupilla is distinct from all uur American forms; but it stands very near P. triplicata, Studer, of Europe, and may prove to be dis- tinct only as a var It is smaller than P. blaudi, the last whorl is more compressed below, and the granular surface, the long parietal, and the perpendicular, elongated, lamelliform columellar lamella, are other distinguishing features. IN MEMORIAM EDWARD W. ROPER. Edward Warren Roper was born in Revere, Mass., October 12, 1858. When he was three years old his mother died, and he was taken into the family of her sister, Mrs. Benj. F. Perry, where he grew up to manhood. When six years of age his uncle and aunt re- moved to a farm in Lynnfield, Mass. This farm was his home until the age of fifteen. The creatures of the woods and fields were his favorite companions. He was especially interested at this time in birds and wild flowers. An essay on "The Nesting Habits of Birds," won him a prize while in High School, and led to his early recommendation for membership in the Boston Society of Natural History. The family having removed to Revere, Edward's education was finished in the Chelsea High School, from which he graduated in June, 1877. The treasures of the sea, shore and marsh had begun to interest him, and he now determined to concentrate his scientific efforts on conchology. Three years after leaving school Mr. Roper became employed in newspaper work, which he followed for eleven years, editing the "Revere Journal," and afterwards a paper in Somerville, "The Truth," and for several years the '• Chelsea Record." In December, 1893, he suffered a severe attack of grippe. As soon as he was able he went to Jamaica for the remainder of the winter, and returned apparently fully recovered. 130 THE NAUTILUS. In October, 1894, he married Miss Flora G. Allison, of Dublin N. H. The following winter brought a return of the former illness, and again he went to Jamaica, accompanied by his wife. They spent four months on the island and collected and brought home a large number of land shells and ferns. The spring and summer of 1895 Mr. Roper spent in putting his af- fairs in order preparatory to becoming a permanent exile from New England. The next year was spent in Colorado Springs. Mr. Roper was oc- cupied a great part of the year in arranging and cataloguing his special collection. And here a daughter was born in March, 18!'6. In September, 1896, Mr Roper and family went to California, going first to Pasadena, a year later to Long Beach, and last July to San Diego. Mr. Roper's health never really improved, but he was able most of the time to do some collecting. Even Southern California is not free from grippe, and in the early part of October Mr, Roper had an attack from which he could not recover. In November he was some- what better and made several trips to the beach. As late as November 27th he was driven with his family to La Playa and spent the day on the shore. He usually succeeded in finding a choicer shell than any of the rest of the party. About the middle of December his health began to fail quite rapidly. His indomitable energy kept him from giving up, and he was confined to his bed only one day. The end came on the last day, of the year 189*. Mr. Roper's collection of about 3000 species, including his special collection of Cyrenidje, becomes the property of the Boston Society of Natural History. Mr. Roper was well known to con^hologists through his papers in THE NAUTILUS. His articles were always of the greatest interest, including such subjects as: " Collecting Land Shells in Southern California," "In a Maine Cpnchologist's hunting ground," "Collect- ing at Eastport, Maine," " Pleurodonte Brainbridgeiand other Jamaican,- Shells," etc., etc. Later Mr. Roper made a special study of the Sphaeria and Pisidia, and contributed the following articles on the subject: "Notes on Sphserium secure Prime," "Anew American Pisidium," (P. idahoense) Vol. iv, page 85, December, 1890. "Notes on the THE NAUTILUS. 131 Washington Splueria and Pisidia with Description of New Species," (P. randolphii) Vol. ix, page 97, January, 1896. "A Word About Sphseria." The species Poli/gyra Ropcri and Fusus Roperi, were discovered by Mr. Roper and named in his honor. The latter is type of Roperia a new section of Fusus. *«•> ANOTHER NEW SNAIL FROM NEW MEXICO. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. Ashmunella pseudodonta (Dal.) subsp. cipitanensis Ashnum & Cockerell, n xubsp. Shell depressed, shining, dark horn color or even reddish; the usual stride distinct but not sharp ; spiral impressed lines visible with a lens; whorls 5^ rounded; aperture oblique, semi-lunar; lip expanded, broad, reflected, strongly tinged wah pinkish or coffee color, edentulous, except that the basal part bears within a distinct but slight callus, which is more or less li/id; parietal denticle either ru- dimentary or distinct, but never large; umbilicus broad, exposed, broadly exposing the penultimate whorl. Diam., max. 17 to 18^ ; min., i*1/? to 15; alt., 8 to -o mm. Habitat ; Near Baldonado Springs, Capitan Mts., Lincoln Co., New Mexico, alt 8,200 ftet. (E. H. Ashmun.) This is to pseudodonta practically as chiricahuana is to ashmuni. — • ^ • — GENERAL NOTES. STATION OF LIMN/EA GRACILIS — By a curious blunder. Reed s Lake was said to be near Detroit instead of Grand Rapids, Mich., in the February NAUTILUS, page 119. Canon A. M. Norman, in the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History," for January, 1899 (page 79), gives an interest- ing account of two recent specimens of the gigantic Madeiran Helix Lowei Fer. This species, which attains a diameter of up- wards of 2 inches, is not uncommon in the calcareous beds of Porto Santo, but only two recent specimens are known : one collected by Sr. J. M. Moniz some years ago, the other recently acquired by Canon Norman, formerly in the collection of the late Baron von Maltzan. CONULUS CHERSINUS var. DENTATUS. — The toothed form of Conulus was first noticed by Mr. W. G. Binney (Man. Amer. Land bhells, p. 69). A note on the dentition of Conulus by Dr. V. Sterki will be found in NAUTILUS VI, p. 10u. 132 THE NAUTILUS. ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. acted in the int< Agassiz [Conducted iu the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the gassiz Association by its General Secretary, Dr. W. 8. Strode.] CARING FOR 8HELLS. [Extract from the reportof Prof. Josiah Keep. From tlie Transactions of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1898.] During the past year the time that I have been able to give to conchology has chiefly been spent upon my cabinet of shells. There is one enemy that is ever present, namely, dust; and my work has largely been in the line of erecting fortifications to repel its intrusion. Shells will get dusty in the best kept houses, and labels are liable to be lost or grow dim. So now it is my practice to put all my small shells into some dust-tight recepiacle and to put the labels with them or else secure them firmly upon the outside of the box. The cost of suitable boxes and vials has been an obstacle in the past ; but that has been now largely overcome, and I can do no greater service to "Isaac Lea" comrades, than to suggest one means at least of securing the desired end. In past years I have used homoeopathic vials for the smallest shells, and one or two-ounce, wide mouthed bottles for the larger oms ; but neither of these were very satisfactory. The homceo. vial has too small a mouth, and the bottles were coarse and clumsy. Last Summer I purchased a quantity ot " seal shell vials," which are merely short pieces of glass tubing, sealed at one end and ready to receive a cork at the other. These vials I obtained from Whitall, Tatum & Co., 410 Race street, Philadelphia. I bought three gross, of different sizes, the smallest beiny1 about y2 inch in diameter and \y^ inches in length ; the largest is 34 inch diameter and 2^ inches long. The cosi, with corks, was only about one cent on an average. For my very small shells I use short l^ dr. homceo. vials. The shells are safely coiked in these vials, with the Ubel inside, where they may defy the old enemy, dust ; and a little wiping of the tubes will make them appear as good as new at any future time. But these vials will not answer for flat shells, like limpets or small pectens. So, for these, I bought, of the same firm, a quantity of turned wooden boxes, y2 ounce, • ounce and 2 ounces, phoenix pat-^ ern. They cost even less than the vials, and are very convenient for many purposes. After filling a box, I paste a label on the top of the cover. I use Dennison's laoels. Nos. 204, 208 and i\z. They are very inex- pensive and convenient. MILLS COLLEGE, CAL.. Jan. \. 1899. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XII. APKIL, 1899. Xo. 12. ON A RECENT COLLECTION OF PENNSYLVANIAN MOLLUSKS FROM THE OHIO RIVER SYSTEM BELOW PITTSBURG. BY SAMUEL N. RHOADS. Owing to the steady extermination of the molluscan life of the Ohio river in western Pennsylvania, due to the pollution and damming of the waters of that river^and of the Monongahela, and to a smaller extent of the Allegheny river, any information relating to the species still existing in these waters must be quickly put on record to be pre- served. It is the aim of this paper to give a list, briefly annotated, of the fresh water species recently collected by the writer in the vicin- ity of Pittsburg. While the time devoted to this collection was lim- ited to less than a week's work, and the number of species taken do not duplicate all those hitherto secured by local collectors in that re- gion, it seems desirable to publish, if only to inspire others more fa- vorably situated than myself to record their knowledge in this line be- fore it is too late. Indeed, it is remarkable, when we consider the amount of molluscan research carried on by the conchologists of Penn- sylvania that as yet nothing in the nature of a faunal list of the aquatic mollusca of western Pennsylvania has yet appeared.* Before giving the list it is proper to enumerate some of the agencies which are surely accomplishing the extinction of so much of the fluviatile life of the Ohio river and its tributaries. Above the city of Pittsburg the Mo- nongahela is bordered for the greater part of its navigable length with factories, furnaces, refineries, mines, and oil and gas wells, whose refuse products are continually draining into the river. The sewage of the towns on this river is also a factor in its pollution. Great as this pollution may appear, it is not likely that it would cause the death *Some Unionidiv from the Allegheny river in Warren county, Pennsylva- nia, were listed by W. B. Marshall in Bulletin of the New York .State Museum, Vol'i, but as no localities are given in the list it is impossible to determine whatspecies were taken in Pennsylvania and what in New York. 134 THE NAUTILUS. of many mussels and fish, which now no longer exist in the lower half of the MoDongahela,if the waters had their free course ; but the damming of the river has so concentrated this sewage during low water that the imprisoned animals have no relief from the free flow of the current nor means of escape from the limits of the dammed area. The Mononga- hela is said to be now dammed for purposes of navigation throughout its entire length in Pennsylvania and for some distance farther into West Virginia. Old rivermen told me that it was useless to try and get live mussels below Cheat river, though only a year since, a small col lection of uniones from the Monongahela near Charleroi, Washington county, was made for the Carnegie Museum. It is noteworthy, how- ever, that most, if not all, of these were " dead " shells. At McKees- port, the junction city of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny rivers, I was unable to find any evidences of molluscan life in the waters of either river, nor were any dead shells to be found on the mud banks and shoals exposed by the very low stage of water then prevailing. A boatman stated that there was little hope of finding any live mussels below Connellsville on the Yousjhiogheny.* A similar condition exists in the Allegheny river above Pittsburg, as far as my search extended a few miles above Sharpsburg, only dead shells of the larger uniones being found where three years since a member of the High School Naturalists' Club of Pittsburg told me he had secured the living animals- The same remarks apply to Chartier's creek within the city limits and flowing into the Ohio river at McKees rocks, just above the Davis Island dam. A few dead shells of U. Ugnmcnthuis were picked up in the bed of this creek. Following the instructions of Mr George H. Clapp, of Edgeworth, Allegheny county, Pa., who kindly gave me the full benefit of his intimate knowledge of the Ohio river between his home and Pitts- burg, I searched for water niollusca at the lower end of Neville Island opposite Coraopolis, but without success, only a few cast-up shells of liyamentinus and crassidens being noted. Just as I had given up the search and was wilting for a trolley car on the bridge above Coraopolis, connecting the citj with Neville Island, I espied some live uniones in the shallow running water of the "back river" which flows beneath the * This is, no doubt, largely due to the immense volume of " mine water " now discharged Into the river. This " mine water " is heavily charged with sulphuric acid, due to the leaching out of the sulphate of iron in the coal measures. At times of excessively low water the percentage of free acid in the water is so high that works along the banks of the Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers as far down as Pittsburg have been forced to suspend operations, due to the eating out of the steam boilers, and the railroads which use this water in their engines, for lack of a better supply, have spent large sums of money in putting up treating tanks in which to neutralize the acid before pumping into the boilers. — G. H. C. THE NAUTILUS. I;;;( bridge at that point. Here, and for a distance of two and a half miles above it, the small stream, to which the "back river " dwindles at ex- treme low water on the south side of Neville Island below the wing dam, is more or less thickly populated with living uniones. This stream is supplied almost wholly by fresh water springs rising along its bottom. From the absence of live mollusks in any part of the main river and other parts of the " back river " where these fresh springs exert no influence, it is just to conclude that to these alone is due the existence of the only living uniones which I was able to locate in Allegheny county. A special collecting trip for mussels was taken to Beaver, Beaver county, search being made in the Ohio river at the junction of Beaver river, and at several points below Beaver to the mouth of Raccoon creek and up that creek two miles. Living shells were yery scarce anywhere along this route, most of them being taken where the less polluted waters of the Beaver joined those of the Ohio. Below this, along the bed of the Ohio, nearly all the uniones found were dead or dying, a condition of affairs which the ferryman at Vanport told me had come to pass largely in the last two years. The subjoined list will also contain an enumeration of the species found during a day's hunt in the Beaver river below Wampum, in the southern border of Law- rence county, about fifteeen miles north of Beaver. The conditions obtaining among the water mollusca in that locality are probably normal. Mr. Clapp has kindly consented to read the manuscript of this paper and make such annotations as may be of special interest. To such notes his initials are appended. In the identification of this collection the author was accorded every facility afforded by the collection of uniones in the Carnegie Museum, identified by 31 r. Simpson and by the historic collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, where the final determinations were made. To Dr. W. J. Holland, of the former, and Prof. Henry A. Pilsbry, of the latter, I am especially in- debted for services rendered in this connection. For sake of conven- ience in reference the nomenclature of Lea's Synopsis (1870) is adopted for the Uniones; and the sequence of the genera and species of Unionidse is alphabetic. Annotated List of Species. Family UNIONIDAE. Auffdonta edentula Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 16; Beaver, 1 .^ Bearer R., 14. i:;<; THE NAUTILUS. Anodonta gracilis Lea. Ohio R., Beaver, 9; Coraopolis, 9. Anodonta marginata Say. Ohio R , Coraopolis, 4 : Beaver R., Wampum, 100. Margaritana rugosa Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 5; Beaver,!; Bea- yer R. , Wampum, 6. Unio aesopus Green. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver R., Wam- pum, 1. Unio alatusSsLj. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 14; Beaver, 1. Unio coccineus (Hild) Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 7. Unio cooperianus Lea. Ohio R.. Beaver, 1 ; Corapolis, 4. Unio contutus Bar. Ohio R., Beaver, 1 ; Corapolis, 1. Unio ci/lindricus Say. Ohio R., Corapolis, 1 ; Beaver, 1 ; Beaver, R. , Wampum, 2. Unio crassidens Lam. Ohio R.. Coraopolis, 40; Beaver, 3. Unio donaciformis Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis. 2. The larger speci- men is 66 mm. long. Unio elegans Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3. These specimens out- wardly appear like rubioinoms from the same locality, in this respect being much more elongated and less sharply carinated than the typical elegans. Unio gibbosus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 41 ; Beaver, 9; Beaver R., Wampum, 28. Unio irrorotus Lea. Ohio R., Beaver, 1. Unto kirtlandianus Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 150. Unio lens Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver R., Wampum, 25. Unio ligamfintinus Lam. Ohio R. , Coraopolis, 100*; Beaver, 20 ; Beaver R., Wampum, 70. In the Ohio this was the most abundant niollusk, exceeding in numbers all the other Unios put together. Unio luteolus Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 16; Beaver R., Wampum, 18. Unio metaneve.r Raf. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 12; Beaver, 5. Unio multiradiatus Lea. Beaver R , Wampum, 14. Unio obliquus Lam. (U. subrotundus and varicosus Lea.) Ohio R., Coraopolis, bl ; Beaver, 8. Forty adult specimens of the obliquus type presents so many gradations corresponding on either hand to sub- rotundus and varicosus in the series at the Academy of Natural Sciences named and presented by Isaac Lea, that I am obliged to lump them as above. There is also a complication regarding the appli- cability of the name mytiloides Raf., to some of these. It is probable THE NAUTILUS. 137 that my series represents two species, but the task of separating them must be left to a specialist. Unio ovatus Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 29 ; Beaver, 1 ; Beaver R.,. Wampum, 3. Unio parvus Bar. Beaver R., Wampum, 1. Unio phaseolus Hild. Beaver R., Wampum, 37. Unio pilaris Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1. Unio plicatus Lesueur. Ohio R., Beaver, 1 ; Beaver R., Wam- pum, 10. A more careful examination may show some of these to be andulatas. The distinction between these two species as identified in the Academy collection is not correlated by constant differences. Unio pressus Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 3. Unio pustulosus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1; Beaver R., Wam- puni, 8. Unio rectus Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 4; Beaver, 5. Unio rubiginosus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 5. Unio securis Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1. Unio triangularis Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 17; Beaver, 10; Beaver R., Wampum, 15. Unio trigonus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3. These specimens are so young that their identification is not satisfactory. Unio tuberculatus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1 ; Beaver, R.» Wampum, 2. Unio verrucosus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 2 ; Beaver, I ; Bea- ver R., Wampum, -2. Family CYRENID/E. Sphaerium stamineum Conr. Ohio R, Coraopolis, 20; Raccoon Creek, Beaver Co., 4. Sphaerium striaiinum Lani. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 15; Raccoon Creek, Beaver Co., 3; Beaver R., Wampum, 2. Family PLEUROCERID^E. Goniobasis depygis (Say). Ohio R., Coraopolis, 150; Beaverr 10 ; Beaver R.. Wampum, 60 ; t-leurocera canahcul atum Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 50; Beaver^ 16. Family VIVIPARID.E. Campeloma subsolidum (Anth). Beaver R., Wampum, 20. Family PHYSIDJE. Physa heterostropha Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver, 20; Allegheny R., 6 m. Isl., Pittsburgh, 60; Beaver R., Wampum, 27. 138 THE NAUTILUS. Physa Integra Hald. Ohio R., Coraopolis, I ; Beaver, (j. Family LIMN^EID^E. Limnaea columella Say. Shenley Park, Pittsburgh, 20 ; Ohio E., Beaver, 1. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Ohio R.. Coraopolis, 15. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 20. Family ANCYLID^. Ancylus diapha.nns Hald. Near mouth of Raccoon Creek, 2o ; Allegheny R., G m. Isl., Pittsburgh, 50. Ancylus rivularix Say- Beaver R., Wampum, 6; Raccoon Creek, Beaver Co., '6. — « o * — A NEW FTERONOTUS FBOM CALIFORNIA. fiY W. H. DALL. Pteronotus Carpenter!, n. sp. Shell trialate, reddish brown, with obscure spiral lines of darker brown, the aperture whitish with a darker throat; nucleus brownish, whorls about eight, the last much the largest; suture distinct, ap- pressed, intervarical surface smooth or obscurely spirally striate, the apical whorls with reticulate threading; the last two or three whorls •with a single obscure nodulosity on the periphery between the var- ices ; varices continuous up the spire; posterior face of the varices smooth with obscure radial ridges which slightly crenukte the margin, in adolescent shells; but in full grown ones there are about five rather wide, low radial ridges, each of which terminates in a digitation of the margin ; anterior face of the varices with profuse, close-set crenulate imbrications, which in fully grown shells show radial depressions cor- responding to the ridges on the back of the varix; digitations exca- vated in a shal'ow manner anteriorly, tennin iting in somewhat blunt projections, thin and sharp edged ; aperture small, oval, with a con- tinuous, raised, smooth margin without denticulations; canal closed, moderately wide, bent to the right in front, a disused smnller canal bordering its posterior two-thirds on the left. Length of shell 57, of last whorl from the suture, 42; width including varices, 35 ; width of aperture, 9.5; length of aperture, 13 mm. Monterey, Gala., F. L. Button ; at station 2908, off Pt ConceptFon, Cala., in 31 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Com.; and at the Farralone islands, Gala., J. S. Arnheiui. This shell recalls P. mucropterus Desh.. of the Antilles, and like it belongs to the section Ptcropurpura Jouss. Young- specimens are more pointed, and with narrower, less digitate varices, THE NAUTILUS. ]:',<,» than the ;ulults. A specimen withmu l.ir.ility, but probably from ."Monterey, was in the collection of Mr. F. Button, now belonging to his son, F. L Button. HOW UNIONES EMIGRATE. BY LORRAINE s. FRIERSON. In the June number of NAUTILUS, 1S91, is an article by Mr. C. T. Simpson, on "The Means of Distribution of Unionida? in the South- eastern United States," in which he says that he had often found U- obesus Lea in dry places, where for nine mouths of the year they must have been in a dormant condition. This Unio. which is no doubt a variety of U. declivis, U. si/mmet- ricus, etc., is one that can stand such changes. I have obtained them in places where they must have spent half of their lives in such a dor- mant condition. On the other hand, some Anodontas and Margari- tana confra.yosa Say are so intolerant of heat that they are frequently killed by the sun's rays while yet in water six inches deep. For the spread of these species of Unionidce some other means than those which would suffice for U. obesus must be employed. Should it be shown that embryonic unios become encysted in fish, of course the problem would be solved in large part. There is, however, a method em- ployed in nature which I have not seen mentioned, and which is to my mind a complete solution of the problem. Did any of my fellow Unio "cranks" ever catch Unio during the winter months by means of a long slender switch ? You go to a bed of mussels in clear water, and standing on [the shore you gently poke the end of your switch into the gaping shell of the unsuspecting unio. As soon as it feels the stick it closes the shell tightly on it; then you gently pull the mussel out and put it in your game bag. Now suppose that this mollusk was an impregnated female, and that instead of a switch it was a wild duck's toe, which was accidentally caught between the valves. What would happen ? Why, that the duck would fly out of the Black Warrior river in Alabama, and finally alight in Lake Kissiinee, Florida, and by this time either the unio would let go or the duck's toe be cut off; and presto, a whole colony of unios is established. This is no fancy, but an observed fact, that is, so far as the transportation of unios is concerned. Twice I have killed wild ducks with unios attached to their toes, 140 THE NAUTILUS. and have seen what I believed to be unios hanging from the feet >>1 others flying overhead. What has coine under my individual obser- vation twice must have happened thousands of times. How else could Unionidae from the Mississippi drainage get into Florida? DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMEBICAN LAND SHELLS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Gastrodonta coelaxis, n . sp. Shell rather widely unibilicate, the width of umbilicus contained 6 to (i| times in the greatest diameter of the shell; thin, somewhat fragile, yellow-corneous, sub transparent, the last suture readily visible through the base; much depressed, the periphery subangular, upper surface convex; surface glossy, sculptured with irregular wrinkles in the di- rection of growth lines above, almost smooth beneath, and in favorable lights showing subobsolete spiral stride. Whorls 6J, slowly w idening a little convex, the last moderately convex below. Aperture oblique irregularly lunar, deeply excised by the preceding whorl, not calloused inside, two-toothed a short distance within ; one thin and rather short lamella projecting from the lower part of the outer wall, and another smaller one from the middle of the baso-columellar wall; both some- times wanting; pristome thin and sharp, the outer margin well rounded, baso-columellar margin straightened. Umbilicus well-like, but widening at the opening and showing the penultimate whorl. Alt 3, diani. 6 to 65 mm. Cranberry, North Carolina (Mrs. George Andrews). This species adds another to the long series of mountain snails dis- covered by Mrs. Andrews, whose success in finding new and rare species has been remarkable. Future students of the snails of this "Cumberland" mountain region will always gratefully remember two ladies who have done much of the pioneer work — MRS. ANDREWS and Miss LAW. G. coelaxis is intermediate between G. gularis (Say) and G. las- modon (Phill). It is more widely umbilicate than the former and has a narrower umbilicus than the latter species. There is no callus within the basal lip, such as shows a yellowish blotch in most speci- mens of gularis. This species is perhaps what Mr. Binney identified as Zonites ma- cilenta Shuttl. in First Supplement to Terr. Moil. V, p. 143, but is not the macilcnta of Shuttleworth, which is an absolute synonym of THE NAUTILUS. G. lasmodon Phill. That so good a conchologist as Shuttleworth should have described a known species is readily explicable in this case; " H. lasmodon'' having been described but a short time before in the proceedings of a society probably not in Shuttleworth.' 3 posses- sion, it had not been figured and was not contained in any general work on the shells of America. However this may be, so good a diagnosti- cian as Shuttleworth could have used the words, u late et perspective umbilicata " of no other species of the region, and the rest of the de- scription,* as well as the comparison with Patula, agrees excellently with lasmodon. This conclusion will remove macilenta from the list of valid species and place it under latnwlon as a synonym. The gularis group of Gastrodonta is a peculiarly perplexing one. Both gularis and cuspidata were originally described as imperforate ', butboth have perforate forms also. G. gularis was described from Ohio and I will be most grateful to anyone who has Ohio specimens, for a few. Shell out, brethren ! Mr. Vanatta, who has recently overhaul«d the series in the Ac id 3 my collection, informs ni3 that he finds great diffi- culty in separating G. collisella from gularis, and it seems likely that that form should be ranked as a variety of gularis rather than a dis- tinct species. He finds, too, that there is a narrowly umbilicated var- iety (already noticed by Biuney) and another with notably excavated base, consequently straight baso-columellar lip, and more or less defi- cient internal teeth. This was named by Mr. A. D. Brown in his collection (now in coll. A. N. S. P.); but pending a thorough exam- ination of the gularis group, it is scarcely fair to worry a long-suf- fering generation of conchologists with any names for these local races. The genitalia of the various forms should be examined. Polygyra postelliana sub3lausa, u. v. Differs from P. postelliana in the greater development of all the oral obstructions. The parietal process enters more deeply ; the upper lip-tooth is more deeply placed, more strongly hooked than usual in the typical form, and the apertural orifice decidedly narrower through- out, shaped like an interrogation mark (?) without the terminal dot. Surface regularly rib-striate, below as well as above. Whorls 5£ to 6. Alt. 5.7, greatest diam. 10 m n. \lt. 5, greatest diam. 9 mm. Bauldingsville; Baldwin, Baker county, and Imri, Hamilton county, Florida. A smaller form of this variety, smoother below, occurring in Volu- * A slightly inaccurate translation is given by Binney in Manual of Ameri- can Land Shells, p. 227. 142 THE NAUTILUS. sia county, Florida, differs as follows: Aperture similar to the preced- ing, but anterior outline of the parietal wall more elevated, straighter, less excavated in front of the parietal fold. Surface almost or quite free from rib-striate below. Whorls 4£ to 5. Alt. 4, greatest diam. 7£ mm. Alt. 3^, greatest diam. 6i mm. Typical P. postelliana occurs in Glynn and Wayne counties, Georgia, and South Carolina. I have not seen it from Florida. ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. [Conducted iii the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the gassiz Association, by its General .Secretary, Dr. W. S. .Strode.] A gassiz SHELLS OF LAKE WORTH, FLORIDA. [Extract from the report of J. J. White. From the Transactions of the Isaac P-I i 'rmflinlnp-ifHl ('banter for 1898.1 Lea Couchological Chapter for 1898.] Having had occasion to visit the soldiers stationed at Miami, in July last. I could not let such an opportunity pass without profit! ng by it. Heavy rains kept me within doors the greater part of the time. When dry enough I was out in the woods skirting the town and was amply repaid by finding large quantities of the beautiful Liguus fas- ciatus Brug. These I found on trees, sometimes as high as twenty feet from the ground. I had to procure a long pole to detach them from trees, catching them in my hands, so as to prevent them from breaking by falling on the rocks and roots of trees. I soon found that I must have a safer way to collect them ; so I made a little basket of twigs and bark, and attached it to the end of my pole, and found it to work admirably. I soon collected all I thought I would need. While sitting in the car, waiting for the train to start for Palm Beach, I counted twenty-seven on the trees close by the station. During my stay of five weeks at Palni Beach and Lake Worth I made a number of trips up to the new and old Lake Worth inlets, which have been my favorite collecting grounds in years past. Finer collecting grounds would be difficult to find on the Atlantic coast, and those who visit them always come away well repaid. Lake Worth is about the northern limit for the Strombus, except S. pugilis^ which is sometimes found further northward. While stopping with W. E. Spencer, of Lake Worth, he helped me make a water glass, which was a great help in collecting. We took a small butter tub, and, after taking out the bottom, we cut a sheet of window glass to fit in its place THE NAUTILUS. an d cemented it with beeswax, and it was a great benefit to me during my visits to the inlets. Inside the inlets there are vast sand flats, which are mostly covered at high tide and exposed at low tides. When the flats were exposed at low tides we found a great many fine shells, such as Tag el us gibbux, Fulcjar pyruin, Natica Uvida Sigaretus perspective, Neverita duplicata, Cardium magnum, G. isocardia, Lucina tlgerina, L. dioaricata, L. pennsylvanica, Oliua literata, Venus crib rarea, V. cancellata,' Geritliium liter- atuin, G. muscarum, C. minimum, G. ftoridanum, Neritina vir- ginia and Nassa mbe.x. In the shoal waters around the outside of the flats, on the open bottoms and among the grasses, we waded around, using the water glass by resting.it on the surface of the water, looking through it. We could then see the bottom and everything on it as plainly as though there was no water above it. There we found Strombus gigas, S.pugilig, berculatus and S. accipitrinus by the hundreds and in all stages of growth, Fasciolaria distans, Area ponderoxa, Atrina rigida (" Pinna muricata"), Dolium galea and Pllcatula ramosa in limited numbers, and one each of Fulgur peruerxum and Fasciolaria yigantea, each one ten inches in length At the old inlet, in the shoal waters, I found a great many Itulla occidentaUs, Venus macrodon, Macoma iampaensis, Modiola pli- cat.ula, Liocardium mortoni and Mar.gmella apicina. On the rocks at the mouth of the inlet we collected several hundred Purpura hcemastoma and P. hsemastoma var. undata, while everywhere the rocks were literally covered with Siphonaria lineolata and Littorina lineata Orb.; but, as I already had all I wanted of these last, I did not molest them. I do not know how many shells I would have collected during my stay there, but Mrs. White put up a vigorous protest, declaring I had more than I needed; and, of course, I had to respect her wishes, and stopped. I, however, came home with a large trunk full of very fine specimens. By this time, however,! have disposed of the greater part of them, showing that her judgment about the number of shells needed is not to be relied on. I believe, as the Means did in " The Hoosier Schoolmaster," "While you are a gittin', git a plenty." Acting on that advice, while collecting Ampullaria caliginosa and Planorbis trivolvis, in the fresh water ponds back of Rockledge, I gathered at least half a bushel of the large Ampullaria and hundreds of the Plan - orbt's. 144 THE NAUTILUS. GENERAL NOTES. THE DENTATE VARIETY OF C^u'ilns was first noticed by William Doherty in the Quarterly Journal of Conchology (Leeds), I, p. 344, in 1870. He found it at several points near Cincinnati, Ohio, describ- ing the shell as follows: "The 'teeth ' are placed as in Z. multiden- tatus Binn., and vary from one slight shapeless roughening of the inner surface of the outer whorl, to four large elongate teeth, radiat- ing from the umbilicus like the spokes of a chariot wheel. As is usual with gastrodont snails, these teeth attain their greatest de- velopment in the half-grown shell. From the chief locality of this variety I obtained 39 young fulviis, of which 18 or nearly half were more or less dentate, while of 17 adult fulvus from the same place, one had in the next to the last whorl a single tooth, much flattened and eroded, while all the others were toothless. Hence I suppose that the teeth are gradually worn away by the motions of the animal. In Z. multidentatus, rows of teeth appear at an early age, and as often as the shell grows a quarter of a whorl a new row i ] reduced, while the earliest is worn away. So the shell grows to maturity, always having three or four rows of denticles. In this variety oi fulvus, however, this process seems to cease long before the shell reaches maturity and the last whorl is thus left without teeth." POLVGVRA RICHARDSONI var. LiNGUALis n. var. — Similar to the type in ^ize (alt. 5-5/2, di.nn. 10-11*4 mm.), very smooth and glossy, depressed above and below, though the base is convex, pro- jecting downward as far as or below the basal lip ; umbilicus filled by the preceding whorl <-xcept for a minute axial puncture ; parietal fold of the aperture decidedly longer than in richardsoni, extend- ing to within one-half or one-third of a millimeter from the broad lamina on the o Jter lip. Whorls +yz (instead of 5). Rosario, near Mazatlan, N. W. Mexico, collected by M. A. Knapp, received from W. J. Raymond. — H. A. PILSBRY. PLANORBIS IJILATATUS Gould has recently been found by Hori'. J. D. Mitchell in the Guadalupe river, in Victoria Co., Texas. This is further south and west than previously recorded. $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS 1 \ / i OF CONCHOLOGISTS. "$*&&& EDITOR: H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. MAY, 1898. No. 1 CONTENTS : PAGE. NOTES ON SOME LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS FROM SUMATRA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By T. H. Aldrich. ... 1 ON A NEW SPECIES OF Fusus FROM CALIFORNIA. By Wm. H. Ball. . 4 NEW UNIONID^. By Berlin H. Wright. 5 ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. 6 GENERAL NOPES 9 RECENT PUBLICATIONS. ... 10 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. 11 THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, m paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IV to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Vol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly, " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each month. Address, C. VV. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES, The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE : — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first. C. F. ANCEY, administrates — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. OFFERED : — Land, fresh-water and marine shells, many desir- able species. Also a few Couchological books. A. A. HINKLEY, Dti Bois, 111. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France. THE NAUTILUS. Ill The Chambered Nautilus. NAUTILUS POMPILIUS, Linn. Western Polynesia. Specimens in alcohol of this rare animal, with shell bisected, mounted in glass jar, as shown above, $12.00 Sent moist without jar 10.00 Non-bisected 1000 Non- bisected, without jar 8.00 Small-sized, $3.00 less than above. Write for special cifcnlftr to imam's natural Science Establishment, 18 to 28 COLLEGE AYE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. Watch this page for notice of publication of our new Shell Catalogue. IV THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OP CONCHOLOQY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is & fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more > pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of •which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at Si.oo each. The Monography of the Bulitni has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part. Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO \V. TRYON, Jr. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual address : S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth £3.00, paper $2.50. ShellsMarine Curios, &c. low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply. J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA. CONCHOLOGY. G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform- ing their clients that they have joined in partnership linking their rich and exteiisive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment unique in its vastness. Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections on approval at moderate prices. Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock. SOWERBY & FULTON, 121 I I III X >l ROAD, LONDON, S. W., ENGLAND. $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS-, A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A. PILSBRV, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. JUNE, 1898. No. 2 CONTENTS : PAGE. A LIST OF LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS OF ENGANIO WITH DESCRIP- TIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By John B. Henderson, Jr. . . 13 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONID^E, WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION By Dr. V. Sterki. . . .18 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HELIX. By C. F. Ancey 21 NOTICES OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. By Henry A. Pilsbry 22 NOTES AND NEWS. . . 23 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. 11 THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Yol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly, " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES, The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection. List first. C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jacksou Boulevard, Chicago, 111. OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtiuaw Ave., Chicago, 111. THE NAUTILUS. Ill The Nautilus is Not the Only Mollusc which we can furnish IN ALCOHOL. LET us call your attention to a few other forms of great interest to the malacologically minded, most of which are typical of groups of molluscs that form no shell or so small a shell that it is very desirable to have them represented in a cabinet by the entire animal. All the following are preparations of a high order, preserved according to modern methods, and many are objects of considerable beauty. Among Cephalopods, several species of Octopus, from Australia, the Mediterranean, etc.; also Eledone, Scaeurgus and Parasira. Argon- auta, the female in the "shell," and the male showing various stages of hectocotylization, singly or in series. Loligo and Ommatostrephes, several species ; also the curious Sepiola, ( see figure) and other caltnars. Sepia, several species. (We have also fine cuttle-bones of the gigantic Sepia hercules, from Torres Straits). Nautilus, as previously advertised. Numerous forms of Pteropoda, including the beautiful Cymbulia and Tiedemannia, the odd Creseis, etc. Fulgur, Buccinum, Cyprsea, Dolabella, Umbraculum, etc., among shelled Gasteropods ; Firola and Carinaria, .^olis, Phyllirrhoe, Doris, and other interesting Heteropods and Nudibranchs ; Limax, Testacella, and other slugs. Teredo, Macha, and Pecten among bivalves. WRITE FOR CIRCULARS AND PRICES. Watch this space for notice of publication of our new and enlarged illustrated Catalogue of Mollusca, now in press. Write for illustrated circular of the Beecher Brachipod Models, showing arm supports, hinge structure, etc., used in the classification of this group. Also list of American fossil brachiopods. Mini's natural science Esiami 18 to 28 COLLEGE ATE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. IV THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more ) pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress: the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each. The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part. Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual address : S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth 53.00, paper $2.50. Shells, Marine Curios, &c. low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply. J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA. CONCHOLOCY. G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform- ing their clients that they have joined in partnership uniting their rich and extensive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment unique in its vastness. Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections on approval at moderate prices. Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock. SOWERBY 6. FULTON, 121 I II. II V M ROAD, LONDON, S. W., ENGLAND. UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED. in order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's new " Classified Catalogue " used as check- list. GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa. $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Sect ion, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. JULY, 1898. No. 3 CONTENTS : PAGE. A NEW JAMAICAN LAND SHELL. By J. B. Henderson, Jr. (Illustrated). 25 LAND SHELLS OF GUN CAY, BAHAMAS. By Henry A. Pilsbry. ( Illustrated). 26 A NEW SPECIES OF CERES FROM MEXICO. By W. H. Ball. . . 27 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONID^J, WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION. By Br. V. Sterki. (Concluded). 28 A NEW UNIO. By Berlin H. Wright. 32 RECENT PUBLICATIONS. . . . . . . 33 GENERAL NOTES. . 36 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. 11 THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper coyer. PRICE 25 CTS. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Tol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly, " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES, The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE : — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection. List first. C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur— adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of France. WANTED ; — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE : — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. THE NAUTILUS. Ill NOW READY New Shell Catalogue, 172 Pages. 2O5 Illustrations. TO those who are familiar with the previous editions of our ' ' Catalogue o/Mollusca, ' it is sufficient to say that the one just completed retains the general plan and all the best features of the preceding, but greatly surpasses it in size, in convenience of arrangements, and in the copious- ness and artistic character of its illustrations. But to all who are lovers and students of Natural History we can say that while this catalogue represents the immense series of shells which we carry in stock and the current prices for them, it is far from being a mere price-list. In its one hundred and fifty-six pages (exclusive of index, etc. ) is to be found a mass of valuable, reliable, and up-to-date information that no text-book of Conchology affords. Extensive des- criptions of the larger groups of Mollusca, and condensed but ample descriptions of families, orders, and suborders, carefully revised and in accordance with established classifications, make it a valuable book of reference. The alphabetical arrangement of the species under each genus, the concise method of indicating their subgeneric and sectional affinities, the systematic sequence of families and genera, and above all the completeness of our stock represented therein, fit it for a convenient check-list and guide in arranging collections. Interesting notes and remarks liberally interspersed, relieve from monotony ; and the hand- some and accurate illustrations which ornament each page, give beauty and finish, as well as aid the amateur. The Index contains the English meanings of over 1100 difficult Greek and Latin compounds, — the names of the genera and subgenera listed in the catalogue. The price is 40 cents post-paid. WRITE FOR CIRCULARS, ETC. Ward's natural Science Esiamisiunent. 18 to 28 COLLEGE ATE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. IV THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OP CONCHOLOQY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated nionography of recent mollusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more } pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each. The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices: — Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part. Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual address : S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth $3.00, paper #2.50. I am now ready to sup- ply first.ciass stock at low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply. J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA. CONCHOLOGY. G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform- ing their clients that they have joined in partnership uniting their rich and extensive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment unique -in its vastness. Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections on approval at moderate prices. Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock. SOWERBY & FULTON, 121 FULHAM ROAD, LOXDON, S. W., ENGLAND. UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED. iu order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's new " Classified Catalogue " used as check- list. GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa, $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. AUGUST, 1898. No. 4 CONTENTS : PAGE. THE MOLLUSKS OF THE GREAT AFRICAN LAKES. ON A NEW SPECIES OF MYLLITA. By W. H. Dall. . . .40 NOTE ON ISCHNOCHITON ONISCUS Krauss AND I. ELIZABETHENSIS Pilsbry. By E. R. Sykes, B. A., F. Z. S. . . . 41 NOTES ON NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN AMNICOLJD.*;. By Henry A. Pilsbry. 4i' A NEW SPECIES OF TEREBRA FROM TEXAS. By W. H. Dall. . . .44 GENERAL NOTES. . . . ... 45 RECENT PUBLICATIONS. 47 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. \V. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. 11 THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Tols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Tol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly, " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES, The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection. List first. C. F. ANCEY, administrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. OFFERED: — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. THE NAUTILUS. Ill Recent Acquisitions. Since the publication of our new Catalogue of Mollusca, an- nounced in the July issue, we have acquired a series of Rare and Beautiful Shells, many of which are not in the regular catalogues. They have been culled from the well-known collection of a deceased French Con- chologist, and include some unique shells. Among them, we call attention to Strombus go lint h (a magnifi- cent specimen), Strombus thersites, Murex trifariospinosa, Triton tigrinus, Bucci- nopsis canaliculatiis, Dall, Northia serrata, Valuta junonia, V.kingi, V- mamilla, etc., Mitra terebralis, Harpa crenata, Conus fiorldanns, Halia priamus, Cerithium Iceve, Turbo splendid ulus with authentic local- ity, etc. The collection is especially strong in the families; Muricidcc, Ollvidce, Conidce, Strom bidce, Cypneidce Turbinidce and Trochidtc, Fissurellidce, Patellidie, and the Chitons; and among bivalves there are fine series of Tellina, Venus, Cytherea, Pecten, Spondylus, and Brachiopoda. Price lists of species not in our regular slock will be sent to collectors upon application, but, since many of the more desi rattle species are represented by single specimens only, specialists desiring to fill out their suites would do well to write to us at once naming their chief desiderata. The demand for the new CATALOGUE OF MOLLUSCA ( 170 pages, 200 illu- strations ) shows that it has met the approval of the public. It is sent to any address for 10 cents, post-paid. WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 18 to 28 COLLEGE AVE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. IV THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY. Founded by the late Geo. \V. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, bv Henrv A Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is aftilly illustrated monography of recent raollusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more ) pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series " Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at Ji.oo each. The Monography of the Buliini has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) 58. oo per part. Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual addiess : S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth $3.00, paper $2.50. Shells, Marine Curios, &c. low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply. _ J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA. Tie Largest and Fines) Stock of SKeiis iq me Worm. Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca which contain thousands of species representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you may be wanting, we can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock. Special Offer, 25 Species of Pteropoda post free $5.00. SOWERBY 4. FULTON, 121 I I I. II V >l ROAD, I OM»ON. S. W., ENGLAND. UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED. lu order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's new " Classified Catalogue " used as check-list. GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa. $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A. PILSBRV, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. . Vol. XII. SEPTEMBER, 1898. No. 5 CONTENTS : PAGE. . 49 50 BIFIDARIA ASHMUNI, A NEW SPECIES OF PUPID/E. By Dr. V. Sterki. NOTES ON A FEW CHITONS. By H. A. Pilsbry LIST OF MARINE SHELLS COLLECTED AT PORT GUEYDON, KABYLIA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYCLOSTREMA. By C. F. Ancey. . 52 NOTES ON THE GENUS ODONTOSTOMUS. By Henry A. Pilsbry. . . .57 POSTAGE ON NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. . 58 GENERAL NOTES. ........... 59 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. . 60 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. 11 THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Yols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Tol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly, " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES, The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection. List first. C. F. ANCEY, administrates- — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. OFFERED: — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells pf France. WANTED ; — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE : — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. THE NAUTILUS. Ill NOW READY Our New Shell Catalogue, Pages. 2O5 Illustrations. TO those who are familiar with the previous editions of our "Catalogue ofMolhtsca, ' it is sufficient to say that the one just completed retains the general plan and all the best features of the preceding, but greatly surpasses it in size, in convenience of arrangements, and in the copious- ness and artistic character of its illustrations. But to all who are lovers and students of Natural History we can say that while this catalogue represents the immense series of shells which we carry in stock and the current prices for them, it is far from being a mere price-list. In its one hundred and fifty-six pages (exclusive of index, etc. ) is to be found a mass of valuable, reliable, and up-to-date information that no text-book of Conchology affords. Extensive des- criptions of the larger groups of Mollusca, and condensed but ample descriptions of families, orders, and suborders, carefully revised and in accordance with established classifications, make it a valuable book of reference. The alphabetical arrangement of the species under each genus, the concise method of indicating their subgeneric and sectional affinities, the systematic sequence of families and genera, and above all the completeness of our stock represented therein, fit it for a convenient check-list and guide in arranging collections. Interesting notes and remarks liberally interspersed, relieve from monotony ; and the hand- some and accurate illustrations which ornament each page, give beauty and finish, as well as aid the amateur. The Index contains the English meanings of over 1100 difficult Greek and Latin compounds, — the names of the genera and subgenera listed in the catalogue. The price is 40 cents post-paid. WRITE FOR CIRCULARS, ETC. Ward's natural Science Esiamismneni. 18 to 28 COLLEGE AYE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is & fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more > pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, "Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each. The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part. Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth $3.00, paper $2.50. I am now ready to sup- ply firstciass stock at low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply. J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA. aulFiiiest siocR ot sneiis in He worm. Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca which contain thousands of species representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you may be wanting, we can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock. Special Offer, 25 Species of Pteropoda post free $5.00. SOWERBY &. FULTON, 121 FUJLH AM ROAI>, LONDON, S. W., ENGLAND. UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED. in order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's new " Classified Catalogue" used as check-list. GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa. $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A . PILSERY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. OCTOBER, 1898. No. 6 CONTENTS : WILLIAM HENRY DECAMP. By Bryant Walker. . A DAY ON THE CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL. By Frank C. Baker. . A NEW SPH^RIUM.. By F. C. Baker DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF OLIVELLA. By John Ford. AN INTERROGATION IN REGARD TO SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS RVE. , AND MYTILUS BIFURCATUS CONR. By Mrs. M. Bui ton Williamson. NOTE ON SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS CONRAD. By H. A. Pilsbry and W. J. Raymoml. ........... NOTES AND NEWS .... NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. PAGE. . 61 . 63 . 65 66 67 69 71 72 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Yol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES. Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly, " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each month. Address, C. VV. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES, The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection. List first. C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Austrian shells; also various marine, land and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France,. FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh-water and laud shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philp- pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers. Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England. THE NAUTILUS. Ill A WORD TO NEW COLLECTORS. A gentleman who has recently interested himself in the study of shells and has commenced to form a collec- tion, desires some suggestions as to the best course in purchasing shells. Doubtless many others are asking the same question, and a few general hints to the readers of THE NAUTILUS may not be out of place. First, last, and always, buy only from a reliable dealer. Nothing is more important to the collector whose library or experience is limited than the accuracy of the labels accompanying his specimens. A misnamed or carelessly named shell is a positive nuisance in a cabinet. Second only to the identi- fication comes the quality of the specimen. Last of all is the price. It is far better to be sure of authentic and first- class shells than to run risks with "cheap" tradesmen. And the rarer species may invariably be obtained of the reliable dealer at much more reasonable prices, without the danger of fraud. Only the expert conchologist can safely buy from the so-called "shell-dealers." The less experienced should avoid all risk of error or fraud by making their purchases at Ward's Natural Science Estab- lishment, Rochester, N. Y., the largest and most reliable dealers in America. IV THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia bv Henrv A Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more \ pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious founder. Of the SKCOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series "Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each. The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition ^500 per part Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part. Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price ^6 oo For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual address : S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth £3.00, paper $2.50. Shells, Marine Curios, &c. low prices and should you wish anything from this" section, let me hear from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply. J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA. Tie largest and Finest Sjocj uiTftiislfj Two! Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca which contain thousands of species representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you may be wanting. We can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock. Special Offer, 25 Species of Pteropoda post free $5.00. SOWERBY & FULTON, 121 I I 1,11 \ II 1(0 \ It, l.o Mtov S. W., ENGL.AND. UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED. in order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's new " Classified Catalogue " used as check-list. GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa. $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. /^ '^•'W^*' 't* (LIBRARY . \ / L. v i* n ~.* . S Vol. XII. NOVEMBER, 1898. No. 7 CONTENTS: PAGE. SHELL COLLECTING AT Mr. DESERT, MAINE. By John B. Henderson, Jr. 73 A NEW POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO. By W. H. Ball. . . 75 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMPULLARIA FROM FLORIDA. By Wm. H. Dall. 75 NEW POLYGYRAS FROM WHITE MOUNTAIN, NEW MEXICO. By T. D. A. Cockerell. 76 NEW PISIDIA. By Dr. V. Sterki 77 HALIOTIS CRACHERODII VAR. CALIFORNIENSIS SWAINSON. By H. A. Pilsbry. 79 C. E. BEDDOME. By S. Raymond Roberts 80 GENERAL NOTES .80 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. ....... 81 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. 11 THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IV to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Vol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly, " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES, The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection. List first. C. F. ANCEY, administrates — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. FOR EXCHANGE : — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh-water and land shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philp- pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers. Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England. FOR EXCHANGE : — Marine, Fresh-water and Land Shells. C. H. LAWTON,— P. O. Box 37.— Santa Barbara, Cal. THE NAUTILUS. Ill FINE SHELLS. FOR ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF MOLLUSCA, New Edition, 170 pages, over 200 Illustrations. Just Received : — A^shipment of fine shells of Argonauta argo attaining the'iemarkable size of 8 to 10^ inches. Also several fine specimens of Scalaria pretiosa. Write for prices; also for list of American Unionidce. laif s natural Science EstaDlislunent, 18 to 28 COLLEGE AYE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. IV THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Bach part comprises 64 (or more ) pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, "Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each. The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced ill the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part. Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price S6.oo. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual address : S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth £3.00, paper £2.50. TUB Largest and Finest Stock of Stieiis in tie World. Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca which contain thousands of species representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you may be wanting. We can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock. Special Offer, 25 Species of Pteropoda post free $5.00. SOWERBY & FULTON, 121 FULHAM ROAI>, t-ONDON, S. W., ENGL,A]VD. THE JOURNAL OF MALACOLOGY, Established in 1890 as "The Conchologist, a Journal of Malacology." EDITED BY WALTER E. COLLINGE, F.Z.S., PRESIDENT OF THE MIDLAND M ALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. •WITH THE CO-OPERATION OF DR. JOSEF F. BABOR. E. R. SYKES, B. A., F. Z. S. REV. A. H. COOKE, M. A., F. Z. S. W. M. WEBB, F. L. S. CHARLES HEGLEY, F. L. S. B. B. WOODWARD, F. G. S. Indispensable to all Students of the Mollusca. Fully Illustrated. Prepared Annual Subs. 6/ free to any part of the World. Vol. VII, pt. i in the press. ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO W. E. COLLINGE, Mason University College, Birmingham, England, $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) 10 cts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. DECEMBER, 1898. No. 8. CONTENTS: PAGE DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN ZONI- TID^; AND ENDODONTID^:. By Henry A. Pilsbry, . . .85 ANODONTA IMBECILLIS, HERMAPHRODITIC. By Dr. V. Sterki, . 87 SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, AS A COLLECTING GROUND. By F. W. Kelsey, 88 NEW SPECIES OF BIFIDARIA. By Dr. V. Sterki, . . 90 NOTE ON THE GENERIC NAMES OF Two GROUPS OF ACHATINID/E. By C. F. Ancey, 92 A NEW UNIO FROM TEXAS. By Berlin H. Wright, . . 93 RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED, . . 93 NOTES AND NEWS, . . 95 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. •11- THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells. A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897, to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties, and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE, 25 Cts. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Tol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES. Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor- tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly. " copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 20th of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES. The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow. FOR EXCHANGE : — Many desirable land, fresh water, and marine shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection. Last first. C. F. ANCKY, administrates — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria. FOR EXCHANGE: — Austrian shells; also various marine, land, 3ind fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. OFFERED: — Tertiary and recent land and fresh water shells of -France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St. Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE : — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh water, and land shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea, and Philip- pines, etc. ). Wanted rare land or offers. Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England. FOR EXCHANGE : — Marine, fresh water, and laud shells. C. H. LAWTON, P. O. Box 37, Santa Barbara, Gal. THE NAUTILUS. 1,1 FIME SHELLS. FOR ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF MOLLUSCA. New Edition, 170 pages, over 200 Illustrations. SOMETHING NEW.— Carefully prepared mounted dissec- tions in formalin of Anodonta and Loligo, in neat glass jars, show- ing all important features of anatomy; should be seen to be fully appreciated. Write for prices. Ward's Natural Science Establishment 18 to 28 COLLEGE AVE., ROCHESTER, N. Y. IV THE NAUTILI'S. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Founded by the late lieo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Concho- logical Section,. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbiv, Conservator. The Manual of Coiicliology is Aj'ullii illustrated monograph y of recent mollusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises M lor more) pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress: the FIKST SEUIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by the illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs. Ten Volumes have been pub- lished, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purpose of a Catalogue or Check list can also be had at $1.00 each. The Monography of the Bidimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices:— Plain (uncolored) edition, $3.00 per part. Colored edition, S.">.oo per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates). $8.00 per part. Structural and Systematic Coiicholojjy, by GEO. W. TRYON, JR. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAI, TEXT-BOOK of 1,200 pages, 140 plates, ami <>ver ;'.,:>(>. The Largest and Finest Stock of Shells in the World. MESSRS. SOWERBY & FULTON Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca, which contain thousands of species, representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to ;tpply for estimate for any collections of Mollinca you may be wanting. We can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock. SPECIAL OFFER— 25 Species of PTEROPODA, post free. $5.00. SOWERBY & FULTON, 121 Fulham Road, London, S. W., England. FOR SALE. — On account of sickness of proprietor ^estab- lished twenty-five years) a Natural History Store and Curiosity Shop, at 816 Broadway, New York City. $1.00 per Year, ( $1,12 to Foreign Countries,) 10 cts, a copy, THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY I>l«: VOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTR. KDITOl; : II. A. I 'i i, SHI; v.< 'miser v:i tor ( 'onclmlogk-al Section. Acjidem y <>l N;imi-:il Sciences. Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE ED1TOK: i . \Y. JOHNSON, Cvmitor of the \Vajrner Free Institntc <>!' Science. Vol. XII. JANUARY, 1899. No. 9. CONTKNTS: PAGE. (JOLLECTIXG IN THE GREAT SMOKIES. By Jaillt'S II. Fei'lMSS. ... !l7 NEW AMERICAN- LAND SHELLS. By Henry A. Pilsbry 101 IN MEMOIUAM — H. CROSS E. By A. H. Cooke 104 A NEW VARIETY OF UALIOTIS. By Robert E. C. Stearns l<><; ( i ENERAL NOTES 107 HECEIVED. . los Published by II. A. P1LSHKY, Kditor. Academy of Xat, Snences, Pliihi ( . W. JOHNSON. M:iiiasiiT. Wii-iiier Ki-L-L- I nstitiiU' of Science. I liiladolpliin. l-'.nlered :il I'liiliidel pliia 1'osl-l illice jis secund-chiss ninller. THE NAUTILUS A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells- A revised reprint of the Catalogue published iu THE from August. 1897. to April. 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties, and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE, 25 Cts. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IV to XI inclusive, $1.OO per Vol NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES.. Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per inch for eich insertion in advance. Smaller space in proport'nn. A discount of 25 per cent. -will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to hav?, the paper out promptly, "copy " is put in the printer 's hands on the 20th of each month. Address, (J. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FKEE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES. The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding t hree lines will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow FOR EXCHANGE: — Marine, fresh water and land shells for same. Especially desire to receive duplicate lists of foreign collectors. CHARLES S. HODGSON, Albion, 111. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land, and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh water shells ol France. WANTED: — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St. Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells. Send list and receive mine. TH. JANSEN, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh water, and land shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philip- pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers. Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England. FOR EXCHANGE : — Marine, fresh water, and land shells. C. H. EAWTON, P. O. Box 37, Santa Barbara, Cal. THE NAUTILUS. in "OUR OWN" DISSECTIONS. These finely mounted dissections, which \vr have lately placed within the reach of all progressive students and teachers of /.oology and biology, are pre- pared in our laboratories by trained specialists and represent the highest type of American workmanship. They are all preserved in formalin, thus retaining their natural colors, and the method of mounting in the jar enables all sides to he readily inspected. Their superiority over charts or models is self-evident. and the favor with which they are being received proves i hat we ha\emei a se- rious need of the modern educator. The dissections now ottered are: METRIDIUM MARGINATUM : Sen Anemone. An expanded specimen, sectioned longitudinally, showing alimen- tary cavity with septa and sienitalia, oesophagus, etc. Price. v-l. .">(). ASTERIAS VULGARIS : Mui-fixlt. The body and three of the arms laid open, showinu stomach, liver. genitalia, water-vascular system (also from heneathi. skeleton, etc. In rectangular jar with polished face. Price. S4 on. ECHINUS NORVEGICUS: tiea I'lrhiii. Portions of tlie test removed, exposing interior, with alimentary (••anal, masticatory apparatus, uniit ilia, etc. Price. ^.'OD.l THYONE BRIAREUS: A'w Cucumber. < ipened down one side, and partially turned inside out. displaying alimentary system, branchial "tree." u'enita Ma, etc. Price, si "id. ANCDONTA PLANA : Pond MH.W/. Our figure of this, perhaps the most beautiful and most complicated of the series, fails to do it justice, especially in lacking the contrasting tints of the actual specimen and in not showing the containing jar. I'.ut it indicates fairly well the features most prominently displayed — the muscular system, adductors, pedal retractors and protractor, foot, etc., the nervous system, ganglia, commissures, etc.; the respiratory system, gills and siphons : the alimentary system, pa I pi, mouth, liver. stomach, intestines, rectum, etc': the circulatory system, heart, peri- cardium, aortas, etc.: the nephridia : the irenitalia: the mantle, shell, ligament, etc., etc. Price, s:!.oo. LOLIGO PEALII : - Branchial chain her e\ posed by slitting the ma in le side, showing various organs. Price, *1. •">(>. down t he si phonal CAMBARUS SPINOSUS: Viscera removed to show the nervous system. Price, ^."iii KK Write tor circulars: and for list of I:K,II-:N-I f.i; A NCII IOIMUIS. .'!'_' species. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 28 TO 40 (New numbering) COLLEGE AVENUE. ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. IV THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CQNCHOLOGY. I 'Minded l>\ | la- late < ieo. \\". Try on. Jr.. continued under tlie care of the Con- chologica] Section. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry,< !onservator. The .Manual of ('oiicliology is a ttill\ illii.^tra/i'd monouraphy of recent mol- lii^ks. [ssued iii octavo form, in <|ii;>.rterl v parts. Kadi part coiai)rises (Hior more) paires of letterpress, and !."> to -JO plates. Two scries ;>re now in proinvs< : the FIKST SKUI i-:s. Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by the illustrious founder. ( ifthe SKCONM SKI: i KS, Terrestrial Mollusks, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of t his series. •• ( iuide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the [ndex, suitable for the purpose of a < atalogne or < 'heck list, can also be had at -1.IMI each The Monography of the Bull mi hi' - been commenced in the tenth and eleven I h \ olnmes. The illustrations of the .Manual h;:ve received hiuh commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices:— Plain umcoloredi edition, s:>.0d per part. Colored edition, s~>.(Xl per part. Fine edition i both colored and India-tinted plates i. sx.oo per part. Structural a ori Systematic t'onoliolo».v, by (ii-:o. W. TRYON, JR. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT-BOOK of 1,200 pages, 140 plates, and over 'i.-iiHi timires of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price, sfj.w. I-'or I'urt hei- information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Man- na I. add res,.;. S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S A. An illiisiniic.l CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLU^KS, by !•'. Stearns and II. A. Pilsbry. Cloth. s'!.(KI; pa]>er, *•>.'•*). MESSRS. SOWERBY & FULTON [nvite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca. which contain thou- sands of species, representing neai-l.x- all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you may be wanting. \Ve can supply such at lowest co-it. Exchange or Purchase for Sppcies not in Stock. SPECIAL OFFERS-16 Species of Pretty Philippine Tree Snails, post free, $2 00 25 Soecies of PTE ROPODA, nost free, $5.00 SOWERBY & FULTON, 121 Fulham Road, London, S. W., England. FOR SALE. On account of sickness of proprietor (estab Hshed twenty- five years), a Natural History Store and Curiosity Shop, at 816 Bioadway, New York Citv. $1,00 per Year, ($1,12 to Foreign Countries,) lOcts.acopy, THE NAUTILUS f-o-%. \\ * A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS "•*-'* >X OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR: H. A. PILSBBY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. FEBRUARY, 1899. No. 10 CONTENTS: PGA K. COLLECTING SHELLS IN THE KLONDIKE COUNTRY. By P. B. Randolph ................................................ Kin UROSALPINX CINEREUS IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY. By Robert E. C. Stearns ................................................ 112 POTAMOLITHUS JACUHYENSis, N. SP. By H. A. Pilsbrv ........ li:> REMARKS ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF CONULUS By Henry A. Pilsbry ................................................ 113 SOME STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CTCLADID^E. By Dr. V. Sterki ........................... 117 GENERAL NOTES ................................................ llli Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat, .Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science. Philadelphia. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells- A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897, to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties, and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE, 25 Cts. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IV to XI inclusive, $1.OO per Vol NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES.. Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.00 per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in proportion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to haw the paper out promptly, "copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 15th of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES. The following space is to he given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow FOR EXCHANGE: — Marine, fresh water and land shells for same. Especially desire to receive duplicate lists of foreign collectors. CHARLES S. HODGSON, Albion, 111. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land, and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh water shells of France. WANTED: — Tertiary and recent shells of North America. ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St. Michel, Paris, France. FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells. Send list and receive mine. TH. JANSEN, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave. , Chicago, 111. FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh water, and land shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philip- pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England. FOR EXCHANGE : — Marine, fresh water, and land shells. C. H. LAWTON, P. O. Box 37, Santa Barbara, Cal. THE NAUTILUS. 111 1 J The quaint and marvellous shells of this extremely inter- esting group of molluscoid " worms " are very scarce in col- lections of recent shells. Essentially a class of the past, it is all but extinct, the living forms hardly exceeding a hundred. Eagerly sought by progressive students, our stock of them is constantly changing, but at present we have on hand the following species, — -a very representative series : Lingula anatina 15 — .40 " hians .15 " sp. (wet) 50— .75 Discinisca lamellosa .00 " l8evis(wet) 20— .80 Cran ia anomala ( wet ) Lacazella meditteranea Hemithyris psittacea " nigricans? Terebratulina caputserpentis.. (unguicula) ..£> !.50 .40 .10— .15 .15 -.35 -.30 .75 -..50 -.00 .00 Liothyrina sphenoidea ? 1.00 Terebratella dorsata ? ( brach. v) .20 •' cruenta 1.50 " rubicunda .25 Terebratalia transversa 50 — .75 Laqueus californicus 50 — .75 " rubellus .50 Magellania flavescens '25 — .50 ( Neothyris) lenticularis 50 — .75 " dilatata .50 Macandrevia cranium .25 Dallina gray! .40 Muhlfeldtia truncata .35 Frenulina sanguinea .25 Megerliiia lamarckiana .25 Kraussina rubra .35 Cistella cuneata (wet) 10 — .20 septentrionalis 1; " (wet) 1.: japonica cancellata? „ 3.: Liothyrina vitrea 4." " " (wet) I The classification is that of Hall and Clarke. ) .Specimens marked " wet " are carefully preserved in alcohol or formalin. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 28 TO 40 COLLEGE AVENUE, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK: THE DR. JftMES LEWIS COLLECTION. OF MOHAWK. NEW YORK, was recently purchased by us and added to our already large stock. Not for many years has a collection containing such valuable suites of Land and Fresh Water Shells been offered to collectors in large or small lots. Dr. Lewis was wel 1 known as one of the ablest scientific conchologists in the 'OO's and '70' s. He assist- ed in arranging the Fresh Water Shells in the Smithsonian, Vassar, and Hamil- ton Colleges, State Museum at Albany, and many others. The ablest concholo- gists of his time were his constant correspondents, and many thousand shells in his cabinet were from Isaac Lea. One of his favorites was the Strepomatidse. Nearly all his specimens had been compared with types, so that probably no bet- ter labeled shells are in existence. We can furnish to collectors choice suites of any Strepomatid;^. other Fresh Water Univalves, fully 2,000 species of Foreign Land and Fresh Water Shells , and a very attractive lot of Marine, and especially the smaller marine shells- Write us fully what you are collecting or specializing and we will gladly send you a box on examination. Our new system of approval boxes has met with favor in every part of the country. Over one hundred active conchologists are con- stantly selecting from same. WEBB'S MM. SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, Walter F, WeiA, M'gr,, ALBION, NE\V YORK. 4Sf"Col lections purchased for immediate cash. iv THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chological (Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mol- lusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more) pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by the illus rious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Mollusks, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purpose of a Catalogue or Check list, can also be had at $1.00 each. The Mouography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices:— Plain (uncolored) edition, $8.00 per part. Colored edition, $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates), $8.00 per part. Structural aurt Systematic Conchology, by GEO. W. TRYON, JR. A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT-BOOK of 1,200 pages, 140 plates, and over 3,500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price, *(i.OO. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Man- ual, address, S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S A. An illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUsKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth, $3.00; paper, $2.50. MESSRS. SOWERBY & FULTON Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca, which contain thou- sands of species, representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you may be wanting. We can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Spfcies not in Stock. SPECIAL OFFERS-16 Species of Pretty Philippine Tree Snails, post free, $2 00 25 Species of PTEROPODA, post free, $5.00- SOWERBY & FULTON, 15 STATION PARADE KEW GARDENS STATION, LONDON, W.. ENGLAND. LUND SHELLS AND BUTTERFLIES FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. IN FINEST CONDITION AND AT CHEAP RATES. WRITE FOR PRICE LISTS. H. FRUHXTORFER, Thunn-MraxHrW, Berlin, N. W., Genmnii/ $1,00 per Year, ($1,12 to Foreign Countries,) lOcts.acopy. THE NAUTILUS •O ~o5jBs^ v. A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONOHOLOGISTS. EDITOR U.A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR : C. \V. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. MARCH, 1899. No. ii CONTENTS: PAGE. CATALOGUE OF THE AMNICOLID^: OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. By Henry A. Pilabry 121 ON A NEW SPECIES OF DRILLIA FROM CALIFORNIA. By WM. H. Ball 127 NEW PUPID.*:. By Dr. V. Sterki 127 IN MEMORIAM — EDWARD W. ROPER 12!) ANOTHER NEW SNAIL FROM NEW MEXICO. By T. D. A. Cock- erell 131 GENERAL NOTES 131 ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT 132 Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia. Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter. THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells- A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILI'S from August, 1897, to April, 1898. Giving the geographic- distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties, and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE, 25 Cts. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS, Vols. IV to XI inclusive, $1.OO per Vol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES.. Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of S LOO per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in proportion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to hav? ihe paper out promptly, " cupy " is put in the printer's hands on the 15th of each month . Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES. The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow FOR EXCHANGE: — Marine, fresh water and land shells for same. Especially desire to receive duplicate lists of foreign collectors. CHARLES S. HODGSON, Albion, 111. FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land, and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first. A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria. WANTED : — Species of Plectopylis in exchange for other shells or cash. Lists first. G. K. GUDE. 114 Adelaide Road, London, N. W., England. FOR EXCHANGE : — U. S. and foreign shells. Send list and receive mine. TH. JANSEN, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111. FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh water, and- land shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philip- pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers. Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England. FOR EXCHANGE : — Marine, fresh water, and land shells. C. H. LAWTON, P. O. Box 37, Santa Barbara, Cal. THE NAUTILUS. 111 1 J The quaint and marvellous shells of this extremely inter- esting group of molluscoid " worms " are very scarce in col- lections of recent shells. Essentially a class of the past, it is all but extinct, the living forms hardly exceeding a hundred. Eagerly sought by progressive students, our stock of them is constantly changing, but at present we have on hand the following species, — a very representative series : Lingula anatina 15— .40 " hians .15 " sp. (wet) 50— .75 Discinisca lamellosa .60 " Isevis(wet) 20— .30 Crania anomala (wet) .25 Lacazella ineditteranea .20 Hemithyris psittacea .50 " nigricans? .40 Terebratulina caputserpentis. . .10 — .15 (unguicula) .15 septentrionalis 15— .35 (wet) 15— .30 japonica cancellata? 35— .50 Liothyrina vitrea 45 — .60 " " (wet) .60 (The classification is that of Hall and Clarke. > Specimens marked " xvet carefully preserved in alcohol or formalin. Liothyrina sphenoidea ? 1.00 Terebratella dorsata ? ( brach. v \ .20 •' cruenta 1.50 " rubicunda .25 Terebratalia transversa 50 — .75 Laqueus californicus 50 — .75 " rubellus .50 Magellania flavescens 25 — .50 (Neothyris) lenticularis 50 — .75 " .dilatata .50 Macandrevia cranium .25 Dallina grayi .40 Miihlfeldtia truncata .35 Frenulina sanguinea .25 Megerlina lamarckiana .25 Kraussina rubra .35 Cistella cuneata (wet) 10— .20 " are Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 28 TO 40 COLLEGE AVENUE, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK: THE DR. JflMES LEWIS COLLECTION. OF MOHAWK, NEW YORK, was recently purchased by us and added to our already large stock. Not for many years has a collection containing such valuable suites of Land and Fresh Water Shells been offered to collectors in large or small lots. Dr. Lewis was well known as one of the ablest scientific conchologists in the '60's and '70' s. He assist- ed in arranging the Fresh Water Shells in the .Smithsonian, Vassar, and Hamil- ton Colleges, State Museum at Albany, and many others. The ablest concholo- gists of his time were his constant correspondents, and many thousand shells in his cabinet were from Isaac Lea. One of his favorites was the Strepomatidse. Nearly all his specimens had been compared with types, so that probably nobet- ter labeled shells are in existence. We can furnish to collectors choice suites of any Strepomatidse, other Fresh Water Univalves, fully 2,000 species of Foreign Land and Fresh Water Shells^ and a very attractive lot of Marine, and especially the smaller marine shells. Write us fully what you are collecting or specializing and we will gladly send you a box on examination. Our new system of approval boxes has met with favor in every part of the country. Over one hundred active conchologists are con- stantly selecting from same. WEBB'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, Walter F, Webb, M'gr,, ALBION, NE\V YORK. 4tS=Collections purchased for immediate cash. iv THE NAUTILI'S. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con- chologlcal .Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. The Manual of Conchology is a fullv illustrated monography of recent mol- lusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more) pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by the illus rious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Mollusks, Ten Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purpose of a Catalogue or Check list, can also be had at $1.00 each. The Monography of the Buti-ni has been commenced in the tent hand eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices: — Plain (uncolored) edition, $3.00 per part. Colored edition, $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates), $8.00 per part. Structural aufi Systematic Concholouy, by GEO. W. TRYON, JR. A ( 'OMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT-BOOK of 1,200 pages, 140 plates, and over 3,500 figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price, .fli.OO. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Man- ual, address, S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S A. An illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE IVIOLLlJsKS, by F. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth, $3.00; paper, $2.50. MESSRS. SOWERBY & FULTON Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca, which contain thou- sands of species, representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you may be wanting. We can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock. SPECIAL OFFERS-16 Species of Pretty Philippine Tree Snails, post free, $2.00. 25 Species of PTEROPODA, post free, $5.00 SOWERBY & FULTON, 15 ST ATION PARADE KEW GARDENS STATION, LONDON, W., ENGLAND. LUND SHELLS AND BUTTERFLIES FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. I X FINEST CONDITION AND AT CHEAP RATES. WRITE FOR PRICE LISTS. H. FRriTXTORFER, Thvnn- Wrasse 37, Berlin, N. W., Germany $1,00 per Year, < $1,12 to Foreign Countries ,) lOcts.acopy, THE NAUTILUS.** A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTEKESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITOR H. A. Pi LSBRY,ConservatorConchologlcal Section, Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia. ASSOCIATE EDITOR: ('. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science. Vol. XII. ARRIL, 1899. No. 12. CONTENTS: PAGE. ON A COLLECTION OF PENNSYLVANIAN MOLLUSKS. By S. N. Rhoads .......... . ............ , ....... ; ........ 133 A NEW PTERONOTUS FROM CALIFORNIA. By Wm. H. Dall. - 138 How UNIONES EMIGRATE. By Lorraine 8 Frierson . 139 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. By H. A. Pilsbry ........... ................................ 140 ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT .................... . — 142 GENERAL NOTES ................................. Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHXSOX, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia. Entered at Philadelphia Post-OJtict as second-class matter. THE NAUTILUS. A New Catalogue of North American Land Shells- A revised reprint of the Catalogue published iii THE NAUTILUS from August, 1897, to April, 1898. Giving the geographic distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties, and classification of all species known to inhabit America north of Mexico. 35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE, 25 Cts. COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTIT.US, Vols. IV to XII inclusive, $1.OO per Vol. NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES. Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $ 1.00 per inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in proportion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of six months or longer. In order to haw the paper out promptly, "copy" is put in the printer's hands on the 15th of each month. Address, C. W. JOHNSON, WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa. EXCHANGES. The following space is to he given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three lines will be free to subscribers a* long as our limit of space will allow : FOR EXCHANGE: — Marine, fresh water and land shells for same. Especially desire to receive duplicate lists of foreign collectors. CHARLES S. HODGSON, Albion, 111. SOUTHERN UNIOS : — The collections this season promise to be so vast that we shall not be able to avail ourselves of all the tempting offers unless additional subscribers to the collecting fund be ob- tained. For particulars address BERLIN H. WRIGHT, Penn Yan, N. Y. Printed check list of North American species upon application. WANTED : — Species of Plectopylis in exchange for other shells or cash. Lists first. G. K. GUDE, 114 Adelaide Road, London, N. W., England. FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells. Send list and receive mine. TH. JANSEN, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave. , Chicago, 111. FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh water, and land shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philip- pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England. FOR EXCHANGE : — Marine, fresh water, and land shells. C. H. LAWTON, P. O. Box 37, Santa Barbara, Cal. THE NAUTILUS. in Glass-top Boxes. "What to do with the Ut'le shells," " How to make them both sate and accessi- ble," " In what way to show them to the best advantage," are serious questions to many an ardent collector. For the tiny species demand notice quite as much as their larger cousins. The older methods— pill-boxes, vials, capsules, affixing to tablets, have been weighed, found wanting, and discarded one by one. Some years ago we found a much more satisfactory solution of the problem, and have since used in our mounted collections Glass-top PaperBoxes of various sizes, both circular and rectangular. In re- sponse tothe demands of our customers we are now sup- plying the smaller sizes of these at low rates per dozen or gross. They are neat and pleasing in appearance, while- lined and black-bound; and when the shells are placed within upon sufficient white or colored cotton to hold them against the glass cover, they are safe from all injury, beautifully displayed and readily examined without, removal. The bottom of the box is left white, to receive the label or list number. Write to us for sizes and prices. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 28 TO 40 COLLEGE AVENUE, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. A New Classification of the Unionidae^^^^^^ " THEMOLU'M'A OF THE CHICAGO AREA." F. C. Baker. 130 pages, 270 figures, 28 plates. Gives descriptions and figures of Northern Uni- ted States Unionidse andSphaeriidse. Price, tiO cents, post-paid. Address K. C. BAKER, The Chicago Academy of Sciences, Lincoln Park, Chicago. iv THE NAUTILUS. THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Coii- chological Section, Academy of Natural .Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator. • W- f-^ The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mol- lusks. Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more) pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates. Two series are now in progress: the FIHST SERIES, Marine Univalves, ol which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by the illustrious founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Mollusks, Eleven Volumes have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide to the Study of Helices " will he sold separately at the regular subscription price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purpose of a < 'atalogue or Check list, can also be had at SI. 00 each. The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh volumes. The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully equal to the best figures of shells published. Prices:— Plain (uncolored I edition, $3.00 per part. Colored edition, $5.00 per part. Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates), SS.OU per part. Structural aucl Systematic Concliolof>y, by GEO. W. TKYON. JR. A COMVLKTK ('ONTHOLOGICAL TEXT-BOOK of 1,200 pages, 140 plates, and over 3,500 figures of Genera, Anatom y, etc. Three volumes bound in one. Cloth. Price, few. For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Man- ual, address, S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer, P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S A. An illustrated CATALOGUE OK JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUsKS, by I-'. Stearns and H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth, $3.00; paper, 12.50. MESSRS. SOWERBY & FULTON Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca, which contain tliou sands of species, representing nearly all the genera. To Curators of American Museums. We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of Mollusca you ina\ be wanting. We can supply such at lowest cost. Exchange or Purchase for Spf cies not in Stock. SPECIAL OFFERS— 16 Species of Pretty Philippine Tree Snails, post free. $2.00. 25 Species of PTEROPODA, post free, $5.00- SOWERBY & FULTON, 15 STATION PARADE KEW GARDENS STATION, LONDON, W.. ENGLAND. LUND SHELLS fiHD BUTTERFLIES FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. IX FINEST CONDITION AND AT CHEAP KATES. WHITE FOR PRICE LISTS. H, FRUH8TOEFEP, Tlwrm-Mntx**-.:',, liirlin, \. W., Germany MBL WHOI LIBRARY II I I I •• • ••• • • • " UH 17UH K