THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS VOL. XVII. MAY, 19O3, to APRIL, 19O4. BOSTON : EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS : H. A. PILSBRY, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy oi Natural Sciences., PHILADELPHIA. C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural Histot y BOSTON. 2 INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XVII. INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES. Abida 115 Achatinellidae, description of new species . . . .34 Aquillus Montf. 24 Alsea .115 Alycoeus awaensis Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . .117 Amastra fossilis Baldwin, n. sp. .... .35 Amastra henshawi Baldwin, n. sp. . . . .34 Amastra saxicola Baldwin, n. sp. . . . . .34 Amastra senilis Baldwin, n. sp. ...... 35 Amnicola augustina Pils., n. sp. ...... 113 Amnicola galbana Hald. ....... 39 Ancylastrum . . . . . . . ' . .14 Ancyli adhering to water-beetles . . . . .120 Ancyli, notes on Eastern American . . . . 13, 25 Ancylus diaphanus Hald. (PI. II, figs. 13-18) . . 17, 31 Ancylus excentricus Morelet (PI. I, figs. 19-21) . . 27 Ancylus fuscus Adams (PI. I, figs. 1-9) . . . 15,19 Ancylus fuscus Adams var. eugraptus Pils. (PI. I, figs. 10-15) . 17,19 Ancylus, Gundlachia and 97 Ancylus haldemani 29 Ancylus kirklandi Walker, n. sp. (PI. II, figs. 1-12) . 29, 31 Ancylus obscurus Hald. (PL I, figs. 16-18) . . .14, 25, 28 (iii) iv THE NAUTILUS. Ancylus peninsula Pilsbry & Johnson (PL II, figs. 19-21)^28, 31 Ancylus rivularis Say ........ 25 Ashmunella thomsoniana Coopei'se, at Pecos, N. M. . . 36 Bernier, Julien ......... 36 Bulimulus blanfordianus Ancey, n. sp. . . . 90 Bulimulus ephippium Ancey, n. sp. . . . 102 Bulimulus goniotropis Ancey, n. sp. . . . . . 102 Cancellaria rapella Johnson, n. sp. . . .143 Cataloguing a collection of shells . . . . .39 Carychium pessimum var. borealis P. & H., n. v. ,.. : . 119 Cerithium albocoopertum Davis, n. sp. (PI. IY, figs. 32, 33) . 129 Chione cancellata in the Jersey City market . . .130 Chloritis tosanus Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . .31 Chondrus . .... • • • • • I15 Clam-orous crow. ........ 120 Clanculus gemmulifer var. pallidus Pils., n. v. . . .71 Colobostylus, distribution of Jamaican species of . . 62 Colobostylus albus Sowb. . . . . . . . 65 Colobostylus banksianus Sowb. . . . . . .65 Colobostylus bronni Ads. ....... 63 Colobostylus chevalieri Ads. ...... 63 Colobostylus humphreyanus Pfr. . . • . . .63 Colobostylus interruptus Lam. ...... 63 Colobostylus jayanus Ads. ....... 63 Colobostylus lamellosa Ads 65 Colobostylus nuttii Pils., n. sp. . . . . . 62, 65 Colobostylus redfieldianus Ads 63 Colobostylus tectilabris Ads. ...... 65 Colobostylus thysanoraphe Sowb. . . . . .63 Colobostylus yallahensis Ads ...... 65 Dentalium vallicolens Raymond, n. sp 123 Ennea iwakawa var. oshimana P. & H., n. v. . . .53 Eosinica Aldr., n. subgen 19, 20 Epiphragmophora orophila Ancey, n. sp 82 Epiphragmophora turtoni Ancey, n. sp. . . . 82 Eucore . . . . . . . . . .116 Eulota chishimana Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . .... 116 Eulota endo Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . . . 105 Eulota luhuana yakushimana Pils. & Hir., n. v. . . .78 THE NAUTILUS. V Eulota (JEgista) friedeliana var. peraperta P. & H., n. v. . 45 Eulota (^Egista) kobensis var. discus P. & H., n. v. . .105 Eulota (Euhadra) connivens var. diversa P. & H., n. v. . 53 Eulota (Euhadra) euterpe Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . .44 Eulota (Euhadra) quresita var. decorata P. & H., n. v. . 52 Eulota (Euhadra) submandarina var. miyakejimana P. & H., n. v. ... ...... 53 Eulota (Euhadra) submandarina var. niijhnana P. & H.,n. v. 53 Eulota (Eulotella) commoda var. izuensis P. & H., n. v. . 105 Eulota (Plectotropis) conomphala P. & H., n. sp. . . 45 Eulota (Plectotropis) inarginata P. & H., n. sp. . . . 44 Eulota (Plectotropis) shikokuensis var. hadaka P. & H., n. v. 105 Faula . . . . 116 Fauxulus . . . . . . . . .116 Ferrissia Walker, new section of Anc3'li . 15 Fulgur, notes on the genus . . . . . . 73 Fulgur, occurrence of zinc in . . . .144 Ganesella raoellendorffiana Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . 78 Gastrochtena mowbrayi Davis (PI. IV, fig. 21) . .128 Gastrochsena striatula Aldr. (fig. 2) ... 19, 20 General Notes ' . . . 12, 36, 58, 71, 84, 120, 130, 144 Gibbula affinis var. cognata Pils., n. v. . . . .69 Gibbula incarnata Pils., n. sp. . . .70 Gibbula vittata Pils., n. sp. ..... 69 Goniobasis, a proposed study of . . 22, 32 Gundlachia and Anc3*lus . . . . . . .97 Guppya miamiensis Pils., n. sp. . . . 77 Haldeinania . . . . . . . .14 Helicogona arbustorura in Newfoundland . .131 Helicostyla, the use of the generic name . . . .58 Helix hortensis at Perce, P. Q. . . ..... 71 Helix hortensis in New England . .... 121 Isthmia . . . . . . . . . ..114 Jaminea . . . . . . . . . .115 Japanese shells, description of new 31, 44, 52, 69, 78, 104, 116 Japonia sadoensis Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . 31,105 Japonia toshimana Pils. & Hir., n. sp. .... 104 Kaliella harimensis var. sadoensis P. & H., n. v. . . .46 Kaliella nesiotica Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . .54 Vi THE NAUTILUS. Kaliella prsealta var. izushichitoensis P. & H., n. v. . . 54 Kaliella sororcula Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . 107 Kaliella xenica Pils. & Hir., n. sp. ..... 32 Laevapex Walker, new section of Ancyli . . . .15 Lambert, Le Pere 119 Laux ........... 14 Lauria . . . . . . . . . .116 Law, Annie M. . . . . . . . . .86 Linearia? divaricata Johnson, n. sp. ..... 143 Lotorium .......... 24 Macrochlamys decens Pils. & Hir., n. sp 106 Macrochlamys izushichitojimana P. & H., n. sp. . . . 106 Marston, George S. . . . . . . .47 Melampus coffeus var. alternatus Davis, n. v. . . 127 Melampus coffeus var. bisbopii Davis, n. v. . . . . 127 Melampus coffeus var. verticalis Davis, n. v. . . .127 Melampus flavus var. albus Davis, n. v. . . . .126 Melampus flavus var. purpureus Davis, n. v. . . . 126 Metzgeria californica Dall, n. sp. . . . . .52 Mollusca of tbe Bermuda Islands, notes on the . . .125 Mollusca on Pike's Peak Colorado . . . . .130 Molluscan fauna of one log [Des Moines, Iowa] . . . 130 Mollusks of Cedar Lake, Indiana ..... 112 Monilea (Rossiteria) nucleolus Pils., n. sp 70 Montana Shells .....:...! Mt. Desert, Maine, Land shells of . . . .99 Murex marcoensis Sowerby, note on . . . . .88 Murex messorius var. rubidum Baker . . . . .89 Nesopupa tamagonari Pils. & Hir., n. sp. .... 118 New land mollusca from middle America . . . .56 New species of eocene fossils from the lignitic of Alabama. 19 Odontostomus deraini Ancey, n. sp. . . . . .103 Odontostomus gemellatus Ancey, n. sp. . . . 104 Odontostomus glabratus Ancey, n. sp. . . . .103 Odontostomus squarrosus Ancej', n. sp. . . . 103 Olney, Mrs. Mary P. ... .... 60 OreoheJix .... 131 Periploma sulcata Dall., n. sp. . . . . . . 122 Phasianella tristis Pils., n. sp. . . . . .69 TffE NAUTILUS, vil Pisidium ash muni Stei'ki, n. sp. . 42 Pisidium complanatum Sterki, n. sp. . . . . .19 Pisidium costatum Sterki, n. sp. . . . . . . 22 Pisidium cuneiformis Sterki, n. sp. . . . .Si Pisidium danielsi Sterki, n. sp. . . . . . .42 Pisidium mainense Sterki, n. sp. . . . . . 21 Pisidium okioense Sterki, n. sp. . . . . 20 Pisidium rowelli Sterki, n. sp. . . . . . . 80 Pisidium obtusale Pfr. , . . . . 43 Planorbis magnificus Pils., n. sp. . . . . . 75 Pleistocene mollusks of White Pond New Jersey . . 38 Pleurotomaria hirasei Pils., n. sp. . . . . .36 Polygyra townsendiana var. ptychophora .... 4 Pol3rg3'ra tridentata discoidea Pils., n. subsp. . . . 142 Polyplacophora of the Conchylien Cabinet, notes on . .58 Porphyrobaphe galactostoma Ancey , . . . .89 Porphyrobaphe sarcostoma Ancey, n. sp. . . . 83, 104 Porphyrobaphe victor Pfr. ....... 90 Porphyrobaphe yatesi Pfr. ...... 89, 104 Price, Miss S. F 71 Pristiloma japonica Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . .70 Ptychochilus . .116 Publications received ... 24, 47, 58, 72, 92, 107, 132 Punctum infans Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . .107 Pnpacea and associate forms, notes on the nomenclature of . 114 Pupilla . . .115 Pyramid ula solitaria ........ 4 Pyramidula strigosa Gld. ....... 1-5 Pyramidula strigosa Gld. var. alpina Elrod n. var. . . 2 Pyramidula strigosa Gld. var. Cooperi W. G. B. . . . 4 Quadrula, observations on the genus . . . . .111 R'ossiter, Richard ........ 36 San Nicholas Island, notes on the Mollusk fauna . . 66 San Salvador, Bahamas, a partial list of the marine mol- lusks of . . . . . . . . . .57 Saraphia . . . . . . . . . .115 Schismope rimuloides (Cpr.) at San Diego, Cal. . . .84 Scissurella dalli Bartsch, n. sp. . . . . . . 90 Septidae, note on the family ...... 55 Vlll THE NAUTILUS. Shell collecting clays at Frenchman's Bay, Me. . . . 109 Shells of Douglas Co., Wash. . . . . 84 Sigaretus noyesii Ball., n. sp. . . . . . 37 Siphonaria alternata var. intermedia Davis, n. v. . . 127 Siphonaria alternata var. opalescens Davis, n. v. . . . 127 Sitala niijimana Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . .54 Somatogyrus constrictus Walker, n. sp. (PI. V, fig. 3) . . 135 Somatogyrus coosaensis Walker, n. sp. (PI. V, figs. 6, 7) . 137 Somatogyrus crassus Walker, n. sp. (PI. V, figs. 11, 12) . 138 Somatogyrus georgianus Walker, n. sp. (PI. V, fig. 13) .139 Somatogyrus hinkleyi Walker, n. sp. (PI. Y, figs. 1,2) . 135 Somatogyrus nanus Walker, n. sp. (Pi. V, fig. 4) . . . 136 Somatogyrus obtusus Walker, n. sp. (PI. V, fig. 10) . . 138 Somatogyrus parvulus Tryon (PL Y, figs. 22, 23) . . 142 Somatogyrus pennsylvanicusWalker,n.sp. (PLY, figs. 15,16) 140 Somatogyrus pilsbryanus Walker, n. sp. (PL Y, figs. 20,21) 142 Somatogyrus umbilicatus Walker, n. sp. (PL Y, fig. 5) . 137 Somatogyrus virginicus Walker, n. sp. (PL Y, figs. 17, 18, 19) 141 South America, new land snails from . . 82, 89, 102 Sphyradium . . . . . . . . .116 Streptostyla clavulata Ancey, n. sp. . ... 56 Streptostyla sumichrasti Ancey, n. sp. . . .56 Stylobates Dall, n. gen. ....... 62 Stylobates seneus Dall, n. sp. . . . . . .62 Succinea ikiana Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . ... 117 Tellina laevigata var. stella, n. v. . . . . . . 128 Tertiary fauna of Florida, contributions to the . . .94 Tonicia arnheimi Dall, n. sp. . . . . . .37 Tornatellina kitaiwojimaua Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . 53 Torquilla . . 115 Trishoplita mesogonia var. minima P. & H., n. v. . . 106 Trivia ritteri Raymond, n. sp. . . . . . 85 Trochidie, a new genus of . . . . . . .61 Umbraculum (Eosinica) elevatumJAldr. (fig. 1) . . .19 Unio declivis Say, the specific value of (PL III,) . 49, 51 Unio geometricus Lea. (PL III) .... 49, 51 Unio tetralasmus Say (PL III.) 49,51 Unio, notes on the structure of the shells of . .98 Unio (Quadrula) . . . . . . . .Ill THE NAUTILUS. IX Unionidae, observations on the byssus of . . . .76 Yelletia . . . .14 Vertigo andrusiana Pils. . . . . . . .131 Vertigo japonica Pils. & Hir., n. sp. ..... 118 Vitrea, a new British ........ 12 Vitrea radiatula var. radiata Pils. & Hir., n. v. . . .117 Vitrina depositing eggs ....... 91 Volvaria avena var. southwicki Davis, n. v. . . . 128 Wolcott, Mrs. Henrietta H. T 83 INDEX TO AUTHORS. Aldrich, T. H. . 19 Ancey, C. P. .... . 56,82,89,102 Baker, Frank C 38, 57, 88, 112 Baldwin, D. D. . . . .34 Bartsch, Paul ... 90 Billups, A. C. ... 22 Blaney, Dwight 109 Cockerell, T. D. A. . . . . . .36, 130 Clapp, Geo. H 91 Colton, H. S. . 99 Ball, Wm. H 37,51,55,61,83,97,114,122 Davis, C. Abbott 125 Elrod, Morton J 1 Frierson, Lorraine S 49,76,98,111 Hedley, Charles 119 Hinkley, A. A 32 Hirase,Y 31,44,52,78,104,116 Jarvis, P. W , . . . .62 Johnson, Charles W. . . 24, 72, 73, 94, 96, 120, 132, 143 Lowe, Herbert N. ........ 66 Pilsbry, Henry A. 31, 36, 44, 48, 52, 58, 65, 69, 75, 77, 78, 84, 92, 104, 107. 113, 116, 131, 142 Raymond, W. J fi, 85, 123 Rous, Sloman 130 Stearns, R. E. C. . 120 Sterki, V .20, 42, 79 Van Hyning, T 130 Walker, Bryant 13, 25, 133 . Whiteaves, J. F 131 Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton .... 39, 92, 132 Winkley, Henry W 121 (xi) $1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) 10 cts. a copy. THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. EDITORS : H. A. PILSBRY, Special Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. XVII. MAY, 1903. No. 1 CONTENTS: To OUR READERS . . . . I MONTANA SHELLS. By Morton J. Elrod 1 WRITINGS OF JAMES G. COOPER ON CONCHOLOGY AND PALAE- ONTOLOGY. By Wm. J. Kaymond 6 GENERAL NOTES. 12 Published by C. W. JOHNSON, Manager. Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. Kutered at the Boston Post-Office as Second-Class matter. 11 THE NAUTILUS. Established 1873. L. Hettrich Sr Company, 638*640 Washington St., San Francisco, California. Esrtensi-tre ^Dealers in Sea SHells and Marine Specimens. Give this address to your local dealer, as we sell to the trade only. XTo Goods a-b Pte-ta.il. TO SHELL COLLECTORS. I am offering a very large and varied stock of Shells, Land, Fresh Water, and Marine, from all parts of the world, correctly named, and localities given. Specimens required will be sent on approval to accredited parties. SLOMAN ROUS, 929 De Kalb Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. P. Geret, Conchologist, has the honor to inform the readers of THE NAUTILUS that he has for sale several large and fine collections of shells. There are now in stock more than 18,000 species, all in the best condition and cor- rectly determined. Sendings will be made by mail, customers having the privilege of returning all specimens not satisfactory. Lists of species of any genus desired, with prices, will be sent on application. Let us know your desiderata. Address, MR. IP. GERET, 76 Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, 10e Arr'., France. N. B.— Exchanges will be made for desirable or new species. The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not exceeding three Hnes will be free to subscribers as long as our limit of space will allow: OFFERED : Marine, Land, and Fresh-water shells for the same. Enw. W. GIFFORD, 3256 Briggs Ave., Alameda, Cal. THE NAUTILUS. Vou XVII. MAY, 1903. No. 1. TO OUR READERS. With the present issue, the publication office of THE NAUTILUS is changed from the Wagner Institute, Philadelphia, to the Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. This change is in con- sequence of the appointment of MR. JOHNSON, the Business Man- ager and Junior Editor, to the curatorship of the Boston Society. All subscriptions, advertisements and other business communications should hereafter be addressed to MR. JOHNSON, at the Boston Society ; while MSS. for publication should be sent to DR. PILSBRY, at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Books and papers for review may be sent to either or both of the editors. MONTANA SHELLS -PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA. MORTON .1. ELROD. The various forms of Pyramidula strigosa give a series of exceed- ingly interesting and widely varied structure. The series found in western Montana shows plainly the result of different environment. The different forms of strigosa vary from the large shells along Flat- head Lake, measuring 24.34 mm. in diameter, to the very small speci- mens described below. On July 15, 1900, the ascent of Sinyaleamin mountain was made. At height of 8,500 feet an alpine variety was found among the loose rock. There was very little vegetation. No trees were near. They had been left 500 feet below. An occasional scrubby plant and the lichens of the rocks afford the food. Ten days iJ THE NAUTILUS. later an ascent was made of McDonald's Peak, fifteen miles further north in the range. At height of 7,500 feet a hunt was made for the shells, and the first were found at 7,800 feet, continuing until nearly 8,500, when the rocks were so large and so steep it was useless to search for them. Finding specimens on the high slopes of two peaks in the same range, at about the same altitude in each case, seems to indicate that they are not found lower. At this altitude the summer is short. The months of June, July, August, with possibly a little of Septem- ber, is the period of activity. Snow was not far from the specimens found. In one case, only a few feet from the shells was a large snow bank. The slope on McDonald on which they were found lies to the west. The shells here would receive the sun early in the forenoon, and the last rays as the sun sank behind the hills would strike the ridge on which they were living. The conditions were much more favorable than on Sinyaleamin peak. The snow melts sooner, the ridge is broader with more pulverized rock and more vegetation. The absence of snow tempers the winds. The altitude is a few hun- dred feet lower, which might make a difference. Search was made for an hour or more for the shells. A large shell vial was filled, a couple of dozen live ones being placed in a separate vial. Living specimens on both McDonald and Sinyaleamin peaks were proof that they live there at the present. The summit of Mc- Donald is too rough and broken, without soil or vegetation, for shells to live. None were found. As these shells show decided differences from any yet collected, they are here given as a separate variety, and description follows. They seem distinct enough to mark a separate species. Pyramidula strigosa Gld., var. aJpina n. var. Shell small ; brownish-gray, tending toward light horn color, in dead shells turning to pearly white ; lustre somewhat silky ; shell flat, little elevated ; lines of growth, under hand lens, fine, an occasional increment of growth giving the appearance of sculpturing; suture well impressed, the periphery well rounded ; aperture nearly circular, slightly obovate, somewhat higher than wide; markings as in strigosa, the upper band continuing in the spire, gradually disappearing; um- bilicus medium, circular, deep, subcylindric. THE NAUTILUS. Large diam., 7-10 mm., average of ten specimens, 8.91 mm.; greatest depth, 3-5 mm., average of ten, 4.34 mm.; aperture, 3.65— 4.38 mm., average of eight, 3.99 ; whorls, 4-4.50 mm., average of ten, 4.2G mm. Specimens taken at 8,500 feet, on Sinyaleamin mountain, Mission Range, Montana. Also taken on McDonald Peak, same range. Alt. 7,800 to 8,500. Types at the University of Montana. The averages from the seven localities where shells have been col- lected show very conclusively the effect of altitude on the size of the shells. Increase in altitude diminishes the length of the season, the amount of heat received, the amount of food supply, and the chances of life. The result is to stunt or dwarf the animals attaining the heights. This is plainly shown in the sizes of shells at the different altitudes. As greater altitudes are reached, shells reduce in diameter, in depth, in the size of the aperture and in the number of whorls. Young specimens taken from the adults at Flathead Lake had shells with 2.25 to 2.50 whorls. If all the young at different altitudes start with the same number when born, the reduction of shell growth in spirals is easily deduced. The very significant observation is that a few hundred feet in altitude shows a corresponding reduction in size of the shells. The smallest shells are but three-eighths the diameter of the largest, one-third of the depth, have an aperture two-fifths as large, and have but two-thirds the number of whorls. The relative proportions of the largest, from Flathead Lake, to the smallest, on Sinyaleamin mountain, are seen from the following approximate ratios : Largest shells. Smallest shells. Large diam. to depth . . . 11 to 7 14 to 7 Depth to width of aperture . . 28 to 22 20 to 22 Large diam. to aperture . . 23 to 11 21 to 11 This story, in brief, as brought out by study, is as follows : Pyra- midula strigosa, var. cooperi, from some source got into the Flathead Lake region. At this altitude, 3,000 feet, it flourished and grew, but the slow-moving animals migrated. As they ascended the mountain sides, following the streams to the banks of the lakes, and then as- cended the wooded slopes the difficulties in securing food for exist- ence became more of a problem. The shorter season required more hardy animals. Stunting or accidental variation produced smaller individuals, which would not require so much food on account of the THE NAUTILUS. reduced size. The ascent of the mountain continuing, the reduction in size became more pronounced, resulting in the specimens as found. The shells at high altitude are less than one-half the size in any dimensions, as a consequence being less than one-eighth in volume. Present collecting shows that all but the two extremes have been by some perchance killed, although later search may produce the inter- vening specimens. But in many places in the mountains of western Montana shells of medium size are found at from 5,000 feet to 6,000 feet or higher. D Pyramidula strigosa Gld., var. Cooperi W. G. B. This species abounds along the banks of Flathead Lake and along the banks of lakes in the Mission mountains. At Sinyaleamin Lake, in this range, altitude about 3,800 feet, they were not uncommon, but could not be called abundant. As-sociated with it, but occurring in very small numbers, was Polygyra townsendiana Lea, var. ptycho- phora A. D. Br., and Pyramidula solitaria Say. At McDonald Lake, in the same range and fifteen miles further north, the species was abundant, in common again with the Polygyra and P. solitaria Say. Here some two quarts were secured by a day's search among the dead leaves and under decaying logs. To gather them was to crawl on hands and knees among the dense growth of small trees and underbrush, the interlacing dead branches being a constant hindrance as well as a menace to clothing. Many live ones were secured. A large series was gathered which had evidently been killed and eaten by squirrels. As the pine squirrel, Sciurus richardsoni Buck, was rather abundant ; he is charged with the damage, though it is not unlikely the little chipmunk, Tamias sp., takes a part in the work. This collecting was in July, 1900. The shells were generally opened at the apex of the spire, a large opening being made. An occasional shell was punctured at some other place, but not many. The enemy seems to have discovered how and where to strike in order to secure the meal with the least effort. Pyramidula strigosa var. Cooperi had the larger number of shells thus injured — fifty-four. Of Pyramidula solitaria fifty were found cut by animals, and but three of Polygyra townsendiana var. ptychophora. The two former were much more abundant, and cooperi more conspicuous than solitaria. P. townsendiana were quite difficult to find, and the small number of injured shells shows how THE NAUTILUS. 5 this affects their mortality through foes. Being of the same color as the decaying leaves and moss, and for the most part under logs and debris, they seem to escape their enemies more readily than the two species of Pyramidula. Along the banks of the Flathead Lake, near the University of Montana Biological Station, this species' was also found in rather large numbers. In July, 1899, numbers of shells were found con- taining young. While they were in colonies, yet the specimens were much scattered, and it required much care and search to find them. The search was usually made after a rain, which was the most suit- able time for finding them, but at the same time the conditions made the work very disagreeable. Pyramidula strigosa Gld., a small variety. Shells entirely different from those mentioned in the preceding paragraph are found on most of the lower slopes of western Montana. They n't in between cooperi and alpina, but are not found associated with either variety. Nowhere does it seem abundant. The small size is probably due to the shortness of the season at which the ani- mals can live. By July the hills and mountain slopes have become dry and parched, although in this monlh there are occasional light showers. Their dimensions, in millimeters, are as follows for ten specimens taken at 5,000 feet : Large diameter, 11.95 to 16.73, aver- age 13.83; depth, 5.30 to 7.40, average 6.12 ; aperture, 4.72 to 6.67, average 5.57 ; number of whorls, 4.8 to 5.4, average 6.15. Pyramidula strigosa Gld., var. A series of shells was collected on the Tobacco Boot range by Ear! Douglass and E. H. Murray, which the writer has examined. An- other series was taken by Prin. P. M. Silloway,of Lewistown, Fergus- county. These are the only collections of strigosa made in the State east of the Rocky Mountains, so far as the writer knows. They are immediately recognized as differing from those west of the divide. The sculpturing is coarser and they look thicker and more earthy. They are decidedly greater in depth than those found on the higher slopes west of the divide. They differ in these particulars also from the high altitude form aJpina. In general shape they are much like cooler?', but very much smaller. The dimensions in mm., average of ten specimens, are as follows : From Tobacco Root mountains, alti- tude 7,000 feet. Large diameter, 15.21 ; depth, 9.30; aperture, 7.06; G THE NAUTILUS. whorls, 5.05. From Lewistown, altitude 4,792 feet, Large diam- eter, 16.80; depth, 11.78; aperture, 7.66; number of whorls, 5.28. From the above it will be seen that the specimens at higher alti- tude are diminished in size, as also in the number of whorls in the shell, as is the case of those west of the main range. The following table of comparisons of ten average specimens will give a better idea of the differences than can be given in any other way : Altitude. Large Diam. Depth. Aperture. No. whorls. Flathead Lake .... McDonald Lake .... Sinyaleamin Lake . . . Lewistown . ... 3,000 3,300 3,800 4 792 23.12 22.16 21.82 16 80 13.96 12.98 12.28 1 1 7S 10.85 10.66 10.24 7 RR 6.01 5.99 5.75 5OQ Mt. Lo Lo 5 000 13 83 6.12 5 fi7 f\ 1 K Tobacco Root Mts. . . McDonald Peak .... Sinyaleamin Peak . . 7,000 7,800 8,500 15.21 10.17 8.91 9.30 4.79 4.34 7.06 4.25 3.99 5.05 4.47 4.26 In examining the preceding table, it will be remembered that the specimens from Lewistown and the Tobacco Root mountains were taken east of the continental divide, all the others from the west slope. The series ranges from 3,300 to 8,500 feet altitude. There is a gradual diminution in each measurement, the smallest and hi- 3 Described from two imperfect specimens. 4 Described from two specimens. 34 THE NAUTILUS. I would like to see an interest taken in this neglected group of mollusca. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINELLIDJE FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. BY D. D. BALDWIN. Amastra henshawi n. sp. Shell dextral, imperforate or subperforate, solid, ovately conical, apex subacute ; surface lusterless, striated with somewhat irregular lines of growth; embryonic whorls under a lens showing very deli- cate radiating sulcations. Color varies from light to very dark brown, the upper whorls generally much darker than the body whorl ; the lower whorls with traces of a deciduous, brown epidermis. Whorls G, somewhat convex, the last one with a light carination at the periphery ; suture well impressed. Aperture ovate, a little ob- lique, livid white within ; peristome acute, slightly thickened within, extremities united with a thin, livid-white parietal callosity; colu- mella white, flexuous, abruptly terminating in a thin lamellar plait. Length 18, diam. 10 mm. Habitat: South Kona, Island of Hawaii. Found in damp woods at the roots of ferns and nearly buried in trash, at altitudes of from 1,800 to 4,000 feet. We take pleasure in dedicating this shell to Prof. H. W. Henshaw, formerly of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. He discovered both this and the following species. The Professor is at present a resident of Hilo, Island of Hawaii, and his explorations are contributing largely to our knowledge of the land fauna of this island. Amastra saxicola n. sp. Shell dextral, imperforate, rather solid, elongately ovate-conic, apex subacute ; surface lustreless, sculptured with delicate growth lines ; embryonic whorls smooth and polished. Color reddish-brown, tending to lighter shade on the middle whorls ; apex pearly white ; destitute of the usual fugacious epidermis of this genus. Whorls 7, slightly convex ; suture well impressed. Aperture ovate, a little oblique, pinkish within. Peristome simple, acute, not thickened within, extremities joined by a very thin, pinkish parietal callosity; THE NAUTILUS. 35 columella white, flexuous, terminating in a moderately-developed lamellar plait. Length 20^, diam. 10 mm. Habitat : Kau, Island of Hawaii. Tliis shell seems to live among and under rocks to an unusual de°ree. It is found on old lava Hows attached to the under side of o rocks, or in loose soil and trash at the base of bunch grass growing on lava flows. The locality is very arid. Amastra senilis n. sp. Shell fossil, dextral, deeply perforated, the perforation penetrating to the apex; moderately solid, globose with a short conical spire, apex acute ; surface sculptured with coarse, irregular growth lines, with a few irregular cross striae or ridges on the three lower whorls ; embryonic whorls under a lens exhibiting delicate and regular sulca- tions. Color of the living shell unknown. Whorls 7, convex. Aperture siuuately oval, a little oblique ; peristome simple, acute, not thickened within, extremities joined by a thick parietal callosity; columella terminating in a slight, flexuous fold. Length 23, diam. 18 mm. Habitat : Hamakua, Island of Hawaii. This and the following species were discovered and sent to me by Mr. Eugene Horner, of Paauila, Hawaii. They were found at a place called Palihoukapapa on the Hamakua slope of Maunakea, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. The shells were imbedded in the earth about one foot below the surface. Prof. Henshaw reports other similar localities on the island of Hawaii where there are extensive deposits of fossilized land shells about a foot below the surface of humus. Nearly all the known genera of Hawaiian land shells are represented in these deposits by species, some still extant, others probably now extinct. The deposit of earth above the fossilized shells indicates several hundred years antiquity. Amastra fossilis n. sp. Shell fossil, dextral, minutely perforated, somewhat solid ; elon- gately conical, apex rather acute ; surface striated with somewhat irregular growth lines ; embryonic whorls under a lens exhibiting very delicate and regular sulcations. Color of living shell unknown. 36 THE NAUTILUS. Whorls 7, slightly convex. Aperture oblique, ovate ; peristome simple, very thin, columellar margin slightly expanded over the umbilicus ; columella terminating in a flexuous thread-like plait. Length 18, diam. 9 mm. Habitat : Hamakua, Island of Hawaii. This shell in shape resembles some of the forms of Amastra tnrri- tella For., which is found on the island of Chili u. NOTES AND NEWS. We have lately learned, through Mr. Charles Hedley, of the death of two New Caledonian conchologists — RICHARD ROSSITER, on Jan- uary 10, 1903. aged 62 years, and JULIEN BERNIER, March 3d, at the age of 55 years. Both died at Noumea. Rossiter formed a large collection of shells, and supplied the types of many new forms to the editors of the Journal de Conchyliologie, to John Brazier, of Sydney, N. S. W., his brother-in-law, and to Dr. W. D. Hartman, of West Chester, Pa. His collection will probably be acquired by the Colo- nial Museum at Noumea. Julien Bernier was Clerk to the local Parliament of New Caledonia, and founded the " Musee Colonial " at Noumea. Some of his material has been described in the Journal de Conch, and elsewhere. Placostylns bernfert Hartman, and vari- ous other species discovered by him, preserve his memory. A NEW PLEUROTOMARIA. — Mr. Y. Hirase, of Kyoto, Japan, has recently discovered a new species of Pleurotomaria, related to P. bcy- richi, from which it differs in having much more numerous, distinctly beaded spiral cords. In shape and color it resembles P. beyriclii. The new form will be described under the name Pleurotomaria hirasei. — H. A. PILSBRY. ASHMUNELLA TlIOMSONIANA Co* >PK I! .1',. 1 have jlist found this form living in abundance at Pecos, New Mexico. The greatest diameter of five specimens measured is 10, 15, 15, 15, 15^- mm., thus averaging larger than the original specimens. The basal tooth is single, with at most a faint indication of doubling. — T. D. A. COCKERELL. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XVII. AUGUST, 19O3. No. 4. TWO NEW MOLLUSKS FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. BY WILLIAM MICA LEY DALL. The National Museum lias received through the kindness of Mr. J. S. Arnheim, of San Francisco, several interesting shells collected by Capt. William Noyes, of San Francisco, of which two appear to be undescribed. Sigarelus noyesli n. sp. Shell depressed, mottled purplish brown above, pale or nearly while below, pale purplish with two obscure revolving brown bands internally, nucleus minute, two-whorled, translucent, subsequent whorls two, rapidly enlarging; surface with obvious incremental lines, and faint, very fine, partially obsolete, spiral striation ; covered with a yellowish silky periostracum j" suture distinct but not im- pressed ; axis rather widely pervious, body with a slight, transparent coat of callus ; pillar lip hardly thickened or reflected, general form gibbous; alt. 10, major diam. 36, minor diam. 26 mm. Gorgona Islands, Colombia, in the Gulf of Panama. This species is a West American analogue of S. maculatus Say, of the east coast, which is more solid, more convex, with much more conspicuous spiral sculpture, and has the coil of the whorls impervi- ous or nearly so. Tonlcia arnheimi n. sp. Shell small, back rather rounded, girdle narrow, naked, yellow brown ; color pale pink with pale brown clotting, two white lines en- 38 THE NAUTILUS. closing a dark brown streak on the dorsal keel of the intermediate valves; eye spots with a metallic silvery lustre; anterior valve with seven, posterior with eight notches, the teeth radially striate ; inter- mediate valves with one lateral notch on each side ; interior colora- tion pinkish white with a magenta axial streak ; sculpture much like that of T. crenulata Sowerby, but central areas with much sparser riblcts and no defined central smooth area, the sutural crenulations stronger and forming a wider band, the pleural ruga? mostly fore and aft in direction, the second valve larger than the rest and with a more conspicuous mesial smooth area. Interior with sinus square not denticulate. Anterior and posterior plates with obscurely radial pustules and very numerous eyes. Length 15, hit. 7, height 4 mm. in the dried animal. Noyes Cove, Narborough Island, Galapagos Group, in 20 fathoms; Capt. Noyes. This species is clearly of the group of T. crenulatus but is sepa- rated by sufficiently distinct characters. The brilliancy of the eye spots, each situated in a deep, minute pit, is very remarkable. There are on this small creature nearly 1000 of them. PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSKS OF WHITE POND, NEW JERSEY. BY FKANK C. BAKER. The Chicago Academy has recently received from Dr. Stuart Weller, Paleontologist of the University of Chicago, a collection of Pleistocene mollusks from the marl beds of White Pond, near Marks- boro, New Jersey. The material consists of about a quart of mixed shells, which, when studied quantitatively, gave some interesting re- sults. Valvata and Amnicola made up ninety-five per cent, of the entire lot, the former being forty-five and the latter fifty per cent. Of the remainder, Planorbis bicarinatus made up two per cent., Planorbis cumpanulatus one per cent., and the rest of the species the other two per cent. Aplexa was the rarest, there being but two specimens in the entire lot. I am indebted to Mr. Bryant Walker for assistance in determin- ing some of the material. The list of species is as follows : Pisidium compressum Prime. Normal. THK NAUTILUS. 39 Amnicola limosa Say. Very variable and abundantly represented. Amnicola g alb ana Haldeman. Tliis characteristic fossil is very abundant in the White Pond formation. It shows some variation in the height of the spire, but seems to be easily separated from A. limosa. Several monstrosities of galbana were found in this collec- tion ; two were scalariform and the others (G) had the spire variously contorted, like the forms of Planorbis complanatus figured by Euro- pean conchologists. One specimen had the spire almost concealed by the gibbous last whorl. Monstrosities seem to be rare, as only eight were found in a lot of over two thousand specimens. Valvata tricarinata Say, var. confusa Walker. This is nearly as abundant as the Amnicolas. Only a small percentage of the speci- mens were typical confusa with two well-defined keels, the majority having the basal keel strongly developed, the upper part of the whorl being rounded. In some specimens the two keels are so strong that they form elevated ridges. Physa ancillaria Say. Not uncommon. Aplexa hypnorum Linne. Two specimens of a small Aplexa which seems referable to hypnorum are in the collection. Planorbis campanuJatus Say. Typical, but not abundant. Planorbis bicarinatits Say. Many specimens of this species show a tendency to form spiral lines, similar to those on var. slriatus Baker. Planorbis deflectus Say. Common and typical. Planorbis exacutus Say. But one specimen of this species was found. Limnsea galbana Say. Not common. Limnsea humilis Say. Not common. Succinea retu?a Lea. Not common. ON CATALOGUING A COLLECTION OF SHELLS. BY MRS. M. BURTON WILLIAMSON. When I began to catalogue my shells I used a ledger blank book, but in time the book looked untidy, as the space was not sufficient for the addition of species new to the collection that from time to time 40 THE NAUTILUS. were added to it. Then I copied the whole list, leaving space for the introduction of species not listed. But in some cases the blank spaces were not needed while more space was required for families and genera not represented in the book. Again I copied the entire catalogue, excepting the west coast species which I listed on cards to form a card catalogue. In time this second book began to look far from neat, so I tried a new plan. I used " Ward's Catalogue of the Mollusca," marking with a small mark such species as I had, and inserted blanks between the printed leaves for species that were not found in the price list ; but this made the pamphlet rather bulky and also necessitated my looking over two lists, the printed one and the written one, in order to find if I had certain species. The plan was satisfactory at first, then I thought out a better one which I will give you. I used a patent cover for blank leaves such as students use for laboratory notes, examination papers, etc., in colleges and schools. I bought paper the proper size for the cover, about eight by ten inches. This paper had holes stamped out at the right place for the metal clasps to be inserted. I use ruled paper, as names and locali- ties are quickly seen on the same line, but this is a matter of taste, as dots can mark the space between names of shells and their localities. The classification is a matter of choice. I use the same as that found in "Tryon's Structural and Systematic Conchology " for marine shells, excepting the west coast shells, for which I use an- other classification. My reason for using Tryon's is, if I get a shell from a family new to me I know where to list it immediately by re- ferring to the Systematic Conchology, for by constantly studying and referring to this work I have become tolerably conversant with the classification. I wrote only on one side of the paper when making out this new list, and paged only this side. This left a blank opposite each page to be used if the page became full. This blank page I numbered alphabetically to correspond with the numbered page. For example, if I required the blank leaf opposite page 5, I numbered it 5% and if I found it necessary to add new leaves at this place they would be paged 5b, 5°, 5d, etc. on the left page, on the right 51, 52, 5s, etc. The possibility of adding new leaves, one after another, or of taking out and rewriting the leaves is the strong feature in favor of using these covers. The use of the alphabet, or as much of it as is needed THE NAUTILUS. 41 in conjunction with the figures, iruikes repaging from time to time unnecessary when the book is enlarged. At the front of this catalogue I liave an index of genera arranged alphabetically. By indexing according to genera much space is saved and it does not take much time to refer to the page for species if one does not remember just where the species may be found in the classification. For the use of beginners I will tell how 1 list specimens on a page. After leaving space at the left hand of each page for the binding of the leaves with the metal clasps, I write the name of the shell, by whom named and the locality all upon one line, keeping the locality of each species at the extreme right hand of the page. At the left hand I write the initials or some letter to indicate from what source the shell or shells were received, also the number of specimens. Above the name of the genera and species I write the name of the family in large letters. I use red ink for this, as the family name is more prominent in this way. As noted before, if the space for the specific name becomes too crowded I write upon the opposite page the name of the specimen I desire to list, indicating this upon the page where the others are listed. As they are listed specifically ac- cording to the alphabet the place assigned to it upon the blank page is the same as upon the page that is filled. For West Coast shells, as before mentioned, I use cards. When a new specimen is listed upon a new card it is placed with the names of the rest of the genus. Any data desired are written upon each card. I got my cards cut and a hole punctured in each one by the thousand.* All cards for the specific name are the same size, those for the families and genera have an offset at the top. That is, a raised margin was left at the top of each card, these were raised sometimes at one end sometimes at the other end, and others had the margin in the center. When genera are listed upon a few cards the raised margins would hide each other if they were not placed at a little distance from each other, but if one generic name is at the ex- treme right hand of the row of cards in the box or drawer, another in the middle, still another at the extreme left hand, these generic names are readily detected by the eye, whereas if they followed one another all in a row some would be hidden from sight. * It is best to use the cards of the Library Bureau, as they are of uniform size and quality. 42 THE NAUTILUS. NEW NORTH AMERICAN PISIDIA. BY V. STERKI. Pisidium ashmuni n. sp. Mussel somewhat elongate, moderately inequipartite, scarcely ob- lique, moderately inflated; superior and inferior margins moderately curved, supero-anterior slope curved down to the rounded anterior end situated well below the median line ; posterior end subtruncate, with more or less of an angle at the scutum ; beaks somewhat pos- terior, rather broad, rounded, moderately elevated over the hinge margin ; surface shining, with microscopic, shallow, rather regular, crowded striae, and one or a few impressed lines of growth • color pale horn, shell translucent, thin ; hinge slight, plate narrow; cardi- nal teeth rather long, fine, lamellar, the right curved with its an- terior end much shorter and situated much higher up on the plate than the posterior which is somewhat thickened ; left anterior of the same shape as the right, rather hook-like at its anterior end, the posterior oblique, slightly curved and passing over about two-thirds of the anterior ; lateral teeth rather long, produced far beyond the pointed cusps; outer laterals of the right valve slight but distinct; ligament rather slight. Size: Long. 2.8, alt. 2.3, diam. 1.6 mill. Long. 2.3, alt. 1.9, diam. 1.4 mill. Most specimens are intermediate. Habitat : San Rafaels, New Mexico, collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun, in whose honor the species has been named. Pis. ashmuni ranges under the abditum group. It is easily recog- nized, being of about the same size witli Pi's, splendidulum St. It is more elongate and its beaks are broader. Pisidium danielsi n. sp. Mussel slightly inequipartite, moderately and regularly inflated, outlines nearly short oval ; all margins well curved, or the posterior subtruncate, anterior end rounded, rather below the median line ; angles at the scutum and scutellum not marked in most specimens, slightly so in some ; umbones little posterior, low, slightly projecting over the hinge margin, moderately broad, each with a depression be- low the apex and above a slightly raised, concentric ridge ; surface with somewhat coarse, subregular and sharp striae, and a few coarser T1IK NAUTILUS. 43 lines of growth, rather dull and microscopically rugulose ; color grayish white to yellowish horn, in some specimens slightly plumbe- ous around the beaks ; shell moderately thick, nacre white, muscle insertions distinct but not impressed ; hinge rather stout, plate, rather broad; right cardinal tooth strongly curved over a deep excavation, its posterior part thickened and grooved to bifid, the left anterior strongly curved and rather massive, placed rather high up on the plate, the posterior oblique, curved, its anterior part reaching to or over the middle of the anterior ; lateral teeth stout, the cusps rather short, the outer ones in the right valve rather small but well formed ; ligament strong. Size : Long. 4.5, alt. 3.9, diam. 2.6 mill. Habitat: Marsh from a spring on Lake James, Steuben Co., In- diana, numerous specimens collected by Mr. L. E. Daniels, of the Indiana Geological Survey, in whose honor the species is named. During the season of 1902 Mr. Daniels has collected many and in- teresting Pisidia and Sphasria, especially in northern Indiana, a section from which very little had been known. The present species has some resemblance with — typical — Pis. strengii. but in the latter species the o.utlines are more angular, the beaks narrower and more prominent and rounded, the striation is finer, and the hinge slighter. Pis. daniehi is of special interest. From the features of the surface, the beaks and the hinge, there is no doubt but that it ranges under the same group with P. com- pressurn, kirkhmdi, cructatum, fallax, etc., although the rounded out- lines, the low beaks, and the moderate and regular convexity would suggest rather the contrary at first sight. Young specimens, how- ever, have an unmistakable similarity of the outlines with those of Pis. compression Pr. In some of the specimens the beaks are broader, and the depression and ridge are less marked or almost ob- solete, just as it is with certain forms of Pis. compressutn. Pisidium obtusale C. Pfr. At the same place as the preceding Mr. Daniels has collected numerous specimens which are distinct from all North American species described, but exactly like Pis. abtusale from several places of Europe, and appear to be identical with that species. They are rather large and almost globular; long. 3.6, alt. 3.1, diam. 2.6 mill. It is to be expected that the same will be found also at other places. 44 THE NAUTILUS. NOTICES OF NEW JAPANESE LAND SHELLS. BY II. A. PILSBRV AND Y. HIKAS1C. Eulota (Euhadra) eutope n. sp. Shell umbilicate, depressed, tlie upper surface low-conic, lower surface convex. Last 1^ wliorls white under a thin yellow cuticle., which is in part worn off in the type specimen ; the periphery marked with a narrow dark chestnut band, the edge of which appears above the suture of the penultimate and last wliorls ; the inside of the um- bilicus of the same dark color ; inner whor/s red-brown, the apex whitish. Surface rather glossy, rather closely plicate-striate above, somewhat smoother below the periphery. AVhorls 6, slightly con- vex, regularly and slowly increasing, the last scarcely descending in front, distinctly angular at the periphery, the angle almost disappear- ing just below the lip. Aperture oblique, lunate, white and show- ing the brown band within, peristome reddish-brown, a little thickened within, the upper margin slightly expanded, the outer and basal margins reflexed, columellar margin dilated. Alt. 24, greater diam. 39, lesser 34.5 mm. Prov. Kunchan, Riukiu. Type no. 1078 of Mr. Hirase's col- lection. This very handsome Euhadra belongs to the group of E. merca- toria. It is similar to that species in the umbilicus and shape of the peristome, and the slow, regular increase of the whorls; but it differs from mercatoria in the depression of the whole shell, the more angular periphery, the finer and closer sculpture, and in coloration. Only one specimen has been received. Eulota (Plectotropis) marginata n. sp. Shell broadly and openly umbilicate, convexly low-conic above, convex beneath, solid and strong; light brown, surface lustreless, sculptured with irregular growth-wrinkles only. Whorls 7, but slightly convex, slowly and regularly increasing, separated by a slightly impressed suture which is distinctly margined above. Last whorl slightly descending in front, acutely carinate at the periphery, the keel narrowly impressed on both sides; base convex, not angular around the umbilicus, but very suddenly curving into it. Aperture oblique, nearly as high as wide; the peristome slightly thickened THE NAUTILUS. 45 within, white, noticeably grooved at the position of the keel, below which it is more thickened, expanded and narrowly reflexed. Alt. 14, diam. 27, width of umbilicus 6.5 mm.; width of aperture 11, ob- lique alt. 10.5 mm. Kunchan, the northern province of Riukiu Island. Type no. 84924 A. N. S. P., from no. 1080 of Mr. Hirase's collection. A large, solid species, with the keel margined on both sides, and projecting a trifle at the suture. Eulota (Aeyista ) friedeliana var. peraperta n. v. Differs from friedeliana from Nagasaki, the type locality, in the more widely open umbilicus and the noticeably smaller aperture in shells of the same size. Alt. 9, diam. 17 mm.; width of umbilicus 5.5 mm. Isshochi, Higo. Type no. 84925 A. N. S. P., from no. 343a of Mr. Hirase's collection. Eulota (Plectotropis^) conomphala n. sp. Shell umbilicate, depressed, low-conic above and below the acute peripheral keel. Thin, light brown, nearly lustreless, slightly stri- ated with growth lines, and showing very fine, close, rather indis- tinct spiral lines under a lens, obsolete in places. On the upper sur- face there are sparse, short cuticular processes, easily rubbed off. Whorls 6^, slowly widening, nearly flat, the keel of the last whorl bearing a fringe of cuticular filaments, triangular at their bases. Base angular around the deep, conic umbilicus. Last whorl very little descending in front. Aperture oblique, the upper margin of the peristome simple, basal margin thin, very narrowly reflexed ; columellar margin dilated above. Alt. 9.5, diam. 19.5 mm. Yakujima, Osumi. Type no. 84926 A. N. S. P., from no. 905a of Mr. Hirase's collection. A very distinct, thin species, noticeably bi-conic in shape, and angular around the regularly conic umbilicus. It is an interesting addition to the fauna of Yakujima. Hirasea planuhita n. sp. Shell imperforate, discoidal with rounded periphery and level upper surface. Yellowish brown, dull and very densely, very finely radially striate above, becoming smooth and glossy beneath. Spire 46 THE NAUTILUS. almost level, but the inner whorls are very slightly sunken. Whorls 5£ to 5|, convex, slowly widening, the last falling a little to the aperture and noticeably contracted at the lip ; the base impressed in the middle as usual. Aperture nearly vertical, narrowly crescentic, the lip thickened within by a strong white rib. Alt. 1.8, diam. 3.5 mm., or a little smaller, alt. 1.4, diam. 3.2 mm. Hahajima, Ogasawara. Type no. 82976 A. N. S. P., from 849b of Mr. Hirase's collection. This was formerly thought to be a small form of H. biconcava, but the study of additional specimens of both show H. planulata to be constantly smaller, with a nearly level spire, while in biconcava the spire is conspicuously sunken. KaUeJla incensa n. sp. Shell almost imperforate, depressed, the spire very low, conic, the base convex, periphery rounded in fully mature shells; thin, yellow, translucent and smoothish, under a strong lens seen to be minutely and closely striate obliquely above, the strise decussate on the earlier whorls, the base smooth. Whorls 3|, but slightly convex, the last nearly double the width of the preceding. Aperture slightly oblique, lunate, the peristome thin, columellar margin suddenly dilated and reflexed near the axial insertion. Alt. 1.6, diam. 2.8 mm. Hakusan, Kaga. Types no. 84788 A. N. S. P., from no. 973a of Mr. Hirase's collection. A small species with few rather wide whorls, the last one rapidly widening. The columellar lip is more oblique than usual. It might be placed in Microcystina, but it has the sculpture of Kaliella. (Incensus, unrecorded.) Kaliella harimensis var. sadoensis n. var. This variety is somewhat larger than K. harimensis. It also re- sembles K. okiana, but the columellar margin is less widely dilated. It is from Shukunegimura, Sado ; types no. 84764 A. N. S. P., from no. 1034 of Mr. Hirase's collection. THE NAUTILUS. 47 GEORGE T MARSTON. We regret to announce the death of our friend and correspondent, George Terence Marston. He was born in Chicago, Jan. 31, 18G7. When he was five years of age his father died and his widowed mother moved to De Pere, Wisconsin. He attended the public schools and graduated from the high school at the age. of fourteen years. He immediately found employment in a bank at De Pere, but was soon called to a position of higher responsibility in a bank at Green Bay. Here his ambition and tempermental intensity of nature led him to overwork, and after a few years he resigned his position and sought to regain his health by a vacation at the seaside. He came to Quincy in 1891 and was employed in the bank of the State Savings Loan and Trust Company. His clear mind, industry, mastery of the principles of business and a rare talent for the accurate and systematic management of details, made him a valued and trusted man. Though compelled to devote himself to business, his special de- light was in scientific studies, especially conchology. He had col- lected and had in his cabinet specimens of nearly every species found in Wisconsin, and cherished a hope of some day being able to have the time to prepare a work on the mollusks of that State. His last work was in photographing the embryological develop- ment of the snail, with some very good results. Among his contri- butions to the NAUTILUS was an article on the occurrence of Helicina occulta Say, in Brown county, Wis. He was married to Helen E. Collins, daughter of W. H. Collins, Oct. 3, 1898, who with two children survives him. GENERAL NOTES. REVIEW OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CTRENACEA. By William H. Dall. Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., vol. xvi, pp. 5-8, 1903. In working over the Cyrenacea for the Memoir on the Tertiary Fossils of Florida, Dr. Dall found the nomenclature and classifica- tion of this super-family in much confusion, and while the details are 48 THE NAUTILUS. reserved for the memoir a synopsis of the arrangement adopted has been given in this pamphlet, which deals with the families of Cyrenidse and Sphseriidse. In the Cyrenidse twenty-three proposed genera, subgenera and sections are listed and type specimens with synonyms are given; to these Dr. Dall has added one new genus and four new sections. Of the genus Donacopsis Sandberger, 1872, he says: "I suspect tliis to be merely a subdivision of Cyrena." Of the family Sphceriidce fourteen genera, subgenera and sections are listed with type specimens. Section Cyclocalyx, subgenus Cymatocyclas, and subgenus Tropidocyclas are new. The three types are Pisidium scholtzii Clessin, P. compressum Prime, and P. henslowianum Sheppard. " Per a Leach, and Euglesa. Leach, 1852. are synonymous with Comeocyclas s. s.," and Gulileja Costa; Kuglesia Leach, 1840; Pisum Gray, 1847, not Megerele, 1811 ; Cordula Leach; Fluminina Clessin; Cycladina Clessin, and Rivulina Clessin, are, according to Dr. Dall, not separable from Pisidium s. s. — MRS. M. BURTON WILLIAMSON. LAND SHELLS OF CURACAO. — In Mr. Smith's useful review of the land shells of this island (Proc. Malac. Soc., London iii, 113) several species seem to have been overlooked : Gionella yloynii and Succinea gyratn, both described by Gibbons in the Journal of Con- chology II, pp. 135, 136, plate I, Stenogyra octonoides, Pupa fallax, and Drymczm multilineatus noticed on p. 136; also Man. Conch. XIII, p. 29. Perhaps CloneUa yloynii belongs to Mr. Smith's group Neosubulina. Another species, " Macroceramus inermis Gundl.," is also reported. The dentition of some of these specimens has been examined by Binney, and proves to be like that of M. yossei, so that the Cura9ao shell is a member of the genus Microceramus. It is no doubt distinct from the East Cuban Mac. inermis, and may be re- lated to or identical with Pineria bonairexsis Smith. The latter is probably a Microceramus, but I have not seen specimens. Mr. Gib- bons' note adds six species to the fauna of Curacao, raising the total number now known to twelve. — H. A. PILSBRY. THE NAUTILUS, XVII. PLATE III. FRIERSON : UN1O DECLIVIS AND U. TETPALASMUS. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XVII. SEPTEMBER, 19O3. No. 5. THE SPECIFIC VALUE OF TJNIO DECLIVIS, SAY. BY L. S. FKIERSON. The synonymy of JJnio tetrctlasnnis Say, given by R. E. Call in the Transactions St. Louis Academy of Sciences, vol. vii, 1895, page 52, has been very generally followed ; wholly by some, and partially by others. Mr. Call says : " It preserves its specific character so generally that it is a matter of great surprise that so many synonyms should fall under it. The study of the figures, descriptions and localities above indicated will furnish convincing evidence of identity. Of the total number [of synonyms] listed seven came from Louisiana and contiguous territory; of these seven, five are from the same state (Louisiana] and of those five two are from the same bayou." I have faithfully studied the descriptions, etc., above indicated, together with the shells themselves in their native habitat, Louisiana, with the result that I find U. dedii'is Say, to be readily recognizable as a perfectly distinct species from the balance of this group, with U. geoinetricus Lea, as a synonym (according to Dr. Lea himself). Unio declivis is, moreover, very rare as compared with the rest of the group, and generally misunder- stood. In order that students may recognize the shell it is figured herewith, and the following specific differences noted: First. It never attains the extreme size of U. tetrulasmus as shown by the following measurements, based on adult specimens of each : 50 THE NAUTILUS. U. declivis, length 85, height 45, diameter 35 mm. U. tetralasmus, length 133, height 70, diameter 50 mm. Second. The beaks of U. declivis are more nearly terminal than in U. tetralasmus (both Say and Lea mention this fact in describing the species). Third. The color of the nacre of U. declivis is " purplish" (vide Say and Lea), while that of U. tetralasmus is always while, very fre- quently dull, with large blotches of olive-brown. This is an in- variable characteristic of the thousands I have collected. Fourth. U. tetralasmus Say, is rounded or bluntly pointed pos- teriorly, with a rounded or obsolete posterior ridge ; while U. declivis when perfect is much more acutely rostrate posteriorly, as noted by Mr. Say, with a " subcarinated " posterior ridge. Finally, these species inhabit different stations, U. declivis being found in rivers (Say's type and Lea's U. geometricus both came from Bayou Teche, a navigable stream) while U. tetralasmus invariably lives in the " small streams and ponds of the South," as stated by Conrad. An apparent exception being Lea's U. symmetricus which he said came from (Alexandria, La.) the Ked River; but he pro- cured his shell at second hand from Dr. Hale, who no doubt was in error, as he assuredly was in the case of other shells said to have come from the same river. These shells can live in localities where, from three to six months at, a time, there is absolutely no water ; in fact living shells have been thrown out by the plowshare, and hun- dreds have been seen killed by fire sweeping over the dried-up ponds. (See plate III, middle figure.) This ability to withstand droughts is no doubt a cause for tJie misunderstanding of the group. Mr. Simpson, in his ''Synopsis of the Naiades," says: "and if there were no connecting links, it would be easy to make half a dozen species out of it." If the species happens to grow in constant waters, they form more or less perfect shells, and are easily seen to be distinct species. But on account of their drought-resisting abilities and the preference for small streams in the case of the tetralasmus crowd, it may easily be seen that a majority of the adult shells have had to resist droughts and live through a succession of dormant stages. During these dormant periods, the mantle of the animal is partially withdrawn and the deposition of the epidermis and columnar layers ceases, but the inner nacre is still deposited. The mantle is especi- ally withdrawn from the end of the prominent rostrated portion of THE NAUTILUS. 51 U. deciivis. In consequence there are produced in this way many variations and malformed specimens. A colony of rough, bla.ck and corroded U. tetralasmus was taken from a stream across which a boy could jump, and planted in a rail- road tank of fifteen acres, newly made by the K. C. S. R. R. Two years after, one of their progeny was taken from this tank, with a yellow, smooth epidermis as hard and glossy as glass, and as distinct from U. deciivis as lateolus is from ligamentinus (see pi. iii, upper figure). In this connection, the writer would remark that in an article published several years ago (NAUTILUS XI, 3), under the caption " Conchological Notes from Louisiana," he spoke of the above- mentioned difference in habitat of U. deciivis and U. tetralasmus. But at that time all of his specimens were named according to preva- lent tradition, and he exactly reversed their names. Like many other young collectors, the writer has in this way sent out numbers of shells with erroneous names, and helped to make confusion worse confounded. He hopes herein to correct at least one of these errors, and at the same time to render justice to that most excellent naturalist, Thomas Say. By comparing the figure with that given by Conrad in his Mono- graphy, page 45 (and on which Mr. Call's synonymy is based, no doubt,) it will be seen that the shells of U. declicis and U. tetralas- mus are utterly unlike. EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Upper figure. U. tetralasmus Say. R. R. tank, De Soto, La. Middle figure. U. deciivis geometricus Lea. Dried bed of Lake Connisnia, La., showing stunting and periodicity of growth induced by successive droughts. Lower figure. U. deciivis Say. Bayou Plaquemine, La., at Church Point. A NEW SPECIES OF METZGERIA. BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. The genus Metzgeria Norman, has hitherto been known from a single species, the pusilla of Sars or alba of Jeffreys. This is re- ported from the coast of Norway and the northeastern North At- 52 THE NAUTILTJS. lantic- in relatively deep water. A second species from the Santa Barbara Channel, California, has lately reached me. Metzgeria calif arnica n. sp. Shell small, translucent white, with a pale straw-colored, dull, wrinkled and rather conspicuous periostracum ; nucleus small, smooth, white, obliquely inclined, of nearly two whorls; there are four or h've rounded subsequent whorls separated by a deep, not channelled, suture; sculpture of about nine rather prominent, rounded axial ribs extending from suture to suture and on the last whorl to the base, separated by wider interspaces and crossed by numerous subequal spiral threads, covering the whole shell, their wider interspaces striated by the incremental lines. Aperture about half as long as the shell, the outer lip sharp, the throat smooth and white ; the pillar white, not callous, with three distinct, oblique plaits beside the slightly raised margin of the canal, these are only visible from the side of the aperture ; anteriorly the pillar is tortuous, slightly recurved, open and rather wide. Length of shell 14, of aperture 7 ; width of shell 6 mm. This species is easily discriminated from M. pusilla by its deeper sutures and more convex whorls, and by having a more tortuous pillar with three or four distinct oblique plaits instead of only two. On a direct view, at right angles to the plane of the aperture, the plaits are invisible, but are perfectly distinct from a point more laterally situated. The operculum is elongate-quadrate with apical nucleus. The shell, with other specimens from the same locality, was sent to the National Museum by J. H. Paine. NOTICES OF NEW LAND SHELLS OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND Y, HIRASE. Eulota (Euhadra) qucesita var. decorata n. v. Smaller than qutzsita, and much more coarsely sculptured with irregularly spaced, fold-like strire, which are well raised and in part light yellow ; the ground-color of the shell being either that of quatsita or of the form perryi, the types being of the dark pattern. Alt. 22, diam. 35 mm. (Okuki). Alt. 18.5, diam. 28 mm. (Chojamura). THE NAUTILUS. 53 Okuki and Chojamura, Mutsu. Types no. 84884 A. N. S. P., from no. 985a of Mr. Hirase's coll. Eulota (JSuKadra) connivens var. diversa n. v. Shell resembling the smaller E. connivens var. phtzo gramma Anc., but larger, with the periphery strongly angular, like a thick Plecto- tropis. Alt. 18, diam. 25.3 mm. Riukiu I. Type 84877 A. N. S. P. Collector unknown. Eulota (Euhadra) submandarina var. miyakejimana n. v. Shell similar to E. submandarina, but the whorls of the spire are flatter, less convex. Alt. 18.6, diam. 25 mm. Alt. 16.5, diam. 21.7 mm. Miyakejima, Izu. Types no. 84879 A. N. S. P., from no. 1067 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Eulota (Euhadra) submandarina var. niijimana n. v. Decidedly smaller than E. submandarina ; subangular at the periphery, with 4| to 5 whorls. Alt. 12.3, diam. 17.5 mm. Alt. 12, diam. 17 mm. Niijima, Izu. Types no. 84880 A. N. S. P., from no. 1051 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Ennea iwaJcawa var. oshimana n. var. Differs from E. iwakawa in being much larger; from var. yaka- shimce in the decidedly more slender form. Alt. 4.3, diam. 1.7 mm. Oshima, Osumi. Types no. 84875 A. N. S. P., from no. 936 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Like almost all of the species of Oshima, this is quite noticeably differentiated from the allied form of the main islands of Japan. TornateUina kitaiwojimana n. sp. Shell perforate, globular, with short, very obtuse, conic spire ; thin and fragile, transparent horn-colored, faintly and finely striate. Whorls STT, convex. Aperture large; columella bearing a promi- nent, squarish double fold ; parietal wall bearing a small, rather short entering lamella. Length 2.7, diam. 2 mm. 54 THE NAUTILUS. Kita-Iwojima, Izu. Types no. 84965, A. N. S. P., from no. 1094 of Mr. Hirase's collection. An extraordinary species, very unlike any other yet known from the region. Kita-Iwojima is one of the Sulphur or Volcano Islands, a little group lying southwest of the Ogasawara group, and on a line with the Izushichito group, or " Seven islands of Izu." They were discovered by Bernard de Torres in 1543, and are governed by Japan from the Ogasawara Is. Volcanic forces are still active in this group, which is regarded by Yoshiwara as a continuation of the Fuji chain, rather than orogenically belonging to the Ogasawaran volcanic chain. The following species of land shells have been found on Kita- Iwojima : Tornatellina inexpectata Pils. Tornatellina kitaiwojimana Pils. Tornatellina hataiana Pils. Opeas gracile ogasawaranwn Pils. Kaliella prsealta var. izushichitoensis n. v. Shell smaller than K. praefilta, with decidedly stronger peripheral angle. Brown, somewhat transparent. Miyakejima, Izu. Types no. 84961, A. N. S. P., from no. 1060a of Mr. Hirase's collection. Also, Niijima, Izu, no. 1060 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Kaliella nesiotica n. sp. Shell conic, with very slightly convex lateral outlines, obtuse sum- mit, acutely th read-car inate periphery and slightly convex base; transparent brown. Whorls fully 6, slightly convex, parted by a suture in which the fine thread-like keel ascends. Sculpture of ex- tremely minute, rather widely-spaced hair-striae. Aperture basal, squarish, the columellar margin reflexed above. Alt. 3.6, diam. 3.2 mm. Miyakejima, Izu. Types no. 84964, A. N. S. P., from no. 1072 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Near K. crenulata Gude, but the excessively fine hair-like striae are much more widely spaced in this species. Sitala niijimana n. sp. Shell minutely perforate, with conic spire, obtuse apex, strongly THE NAUTILUS. 55 angular periphery and convex base; thin, fragile, and of a pale, somewhat transparent horn-color. Surface faintly marked with growth-wrinkles, and under very strong magnification, showing an excessively minute, close decussation of radial and spiral lines. General outlines of the spire straight. Whorls 3^, convex. Colu- mella reflexed above. Alt. 2, diam. 2.3 mm. Niijima, Izu. Types no. 849G3, A. N. S. P., from no. 1057 of Mr. Hirase's collection. The rather acutely angular periphery is nearly in the middle of the height of the shell. It is referred to the genus Sitala on account of its spiral sculpture, which is, however, excessively minute. NOTE ON THE FAMILY SEPTIDJE. BY W. H. BALL. In the Report on the Mollusks of Porto Rico, I adopted for the family Tritonidce of authors, the name Septidce, and for the typical genus the name Septa, proposed by Perry in 1811. Perry's list of species comprised six, beside which he mentions the Murex tritonis of Linne (spelling the specific name tritonia, but his meaning is ob- vious). His genus was equivalent to the genus Triton, as ,used by authors of the first half of the 19th century. His largest and most conspicuous species, which he compares with Murex tritonis, belongs to the same group as the latter, which was generally accepted as the type of the old genus Triton and reserved for it by Montfort when he divided the genus, a year earlier than Perry. Therefore I accepted Septa rubicunda Perry (= Triton nodiferus Lam.) as the type of Perry's genus and applied the name to the congeneric species of Porto Rico, since Triton is preoccupied. In an interesting and useful paper by H. Leighton Kesteven, re- ferred to in the June number of the NAUTILUS, the author does not accept the name Septa because Perry's first species is a Lotorium and without argument is taken by Mr. Kesteven as type. He shows very clearly that the name cannot be used for Lotorium, but does not observe that I never proposed to so use it. I used it for the group of Murex tritonis L., which is generically distinct from the group of which Lotorium is a member, and which, as Mr. Kesteven shows, 56 THE NAUTILUS. has no other name at present which is valid. I was not obliged to take the first species of -Septa as a type, knowing it to be a Lotorium, and did not. The species for which I used it had no valid generic name 'and Septa was applicable, and should, I think, be adopted. ON SOME NEW LAND MOLLUSCA FEOM MIDDLE AMERICA. BY C. F. ANCEY. I. Streptoslyla Sumichrasti, n. sp. S. Sumichrasti, Crosse & Fischer, in coll. Salle. Testa cylindraceo-oblonga, tenuis, nitidissima, obsolete et flexuosa substriatula, Irate fulvo cornea, concolor sed ad apicem obtusulum pallidior. Spira gradata, conoideo-attenuata. Anfractus 6^ convex- iusculi, sutura canaliculata divisi, ultimus elongatus, iatere dextro leviter planulatus. Apertura subauriformis, superne longe attenuata, basi subdilatata ; lamina columellaris tennis, vix callosa, elongata, spiraliter torta, basi antice vix truncata. Peristoma obtusiusculum, flexuosum, medio antice dilatatum, basi recedens. Long. 29, diam. 13, alt. 19^ mill. Hab. in isthmo Tehuantepec, reipublicre Mexicana (coll. Ancey, Dautzenberg, Jousseaume). A fine large species related to the smaller S. lurida, Shutt. and S. Bocourti, Cr. & Fisch., but much more slender than the latter and of a more graceful oblong shape than the former. This is surely dis- tinct from any species I examined in the collection of the late A. Sall4, now in the possession of Mr. Ph. Dautzenberg. II. Streptostyla clavulata, n. sp. Testa parvula, primo aspectu Ferussaciis ex grege F. procerulne similis, tenuis, nitida, obsolete vix striatula, verisimiliter statu re- centi pallide cornea, sed emortua albido-hyalina, cylindraceo-elon- gata, oblongula. Spira producta, regulariter attenuata, obtusa, apice magno. Anfractus 6^, subplanulati, sutura appressa, parum distincta, infra pellucido marginata divisi ; ultimus cylindraceo- oblongus, basi subattenuatus. Apertura superne angusta, basi dila- tata, lamina columellaris brevis, parum valida, subcallosa, leviter THE NAUTILUS. 57 spiraliter torta, basi antice truncatula. Peristoma obtusum, medio antice flexuoso-productum, basi recedens. Long. 8|, lat. 3, alt. apert. 4 mill. Hab. in America centrali (?). A small elongate shell, quite unlike any other I am acquainted with and resembling a Ferussacia. I am indebted for a specimen to Mr. Ph. Dautzenberg, who procured two examples in a lot of loose miscellaneous shells from various localities. A PARTIAL LIST OF THE MARINE MOLLUSKS OF SAN SALVADOR, BAHAMAS. BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER. The following partial list of San Salvador shells is based on a col- lection exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition, and now in the Field Columbian Museum, by whom it was referred to the writer for identification. San Salvador, or Watling Island, is one of the Bahama Islands, and lies just north of the Tropic of Cancer. Its molluscan fauna is like that of the West Indies and Florida. The specimens are mostly beach shells. Area barbata Linne. Cerithium literatum Born. Lucina dentata Wood. Trivia pediculus Linne. Lucina pennsylvanica Linne. Trivia qtiadripunctata Gray. SubemarginulaoctoradiataGmelin. Lambidium oniscus Linne. Acmaea punctulata Gmelin. Tritonium chlorostomum Lam- Fissurella barbadensis Gmelin. arck. Fissurella fascicularis Lamarck. Pyramidalla dolabrata Linne. Nerita tessellata Gmelin. Columbella ovulata Lamarck. Nerita versicolor Lamarck. Columbella mercatoria Lamarck. Nerita peloronta Linne. Olivella nivea Gmelin. Neritina pupa Linne. Conus mus Hwass. Hipponyx antiquatus Linne. Conus verrucosus Hwass. Polinices lactea Guilding Bulla occidentalis A. Adams. Natica canrena Lamarck. Melampus flavus Gmelin. Tectarius muricatus Linne. Cerion sp. 58 THE NAUTILUS. NOTES, NEWS AND REVIEWS. THE USE OF THE GENERIC NAME HELICOSTYLA In the dis- cussion of the nomenclature of " Cochlostyla" it has not been noticed that Morch, in 1865, used the name Helicostyla to include Axina,' Corasia, Helicobulimus, etc. He gives a new name Pythohelix for the species boholensis and fulgetrum and misspells Orustia ("Onistia") and Corasia (" Coracia "). See Journ. de Conchy!.. 1865, p. 385. -H. A. P. THE ZOOLOGICAL RECORD, Vol. xxxix, 1902. Mollusca. By E. R. Sykes, B. A., assisted by E. A. Smith, I. S. 0., pp. 85. The total number of titles recorded is 611 ; this of course including many papers purely palaeontological. As in the preceding records compiled by Mr. Sykes, the summaries relating to Anatomy and Distribution are especially full, and cannot fail to be of the utmost utility to many students. Thus, on p. 45, references to all articles dealing with inland mollusks of the United States may be found. It may be well to call attention here to a slip, whereby the species of New Mexico are placed under " Neotropical, Mexican Region," p. 44, and omitted from "American Region." While New Mexico has a " Lower Austral " element in Hotospira, this genus has occurred only in a few places in the extreme south, and the fauna as a whole is over- whelmingly " nearctic." Again, Washington, Oregon and Bahamas are put in the "Transatlantic Province" (p. 50), whereas the two former should have been placed in the " California!!," and the latter in the " Caribbean." The systematic part seems to be very well done ; though in treating the Pelecypoda, a further classification would certainly facilitate reference. The several parts of the Record may now be purchased separately, the Mollusca for 4, the Brachiopoda 1 shilling.1 They will be found well worth the price, even to the local naturalist, for the information on what is being done the world over in the study of mollusks. NOTES ON POLYPLACOPIIORA OF THE CONCHYLIEN CABINET. The monograph on this group, by S. Clessin, has now progressed 'From the Zoological Society, 3 Hanover Square, London. THE NAUTILUS. 59 far enough to show the general quality of the work. The figures are all bad copies, as well as most of the descriptions ; and such classifi- cation as there is is only right by accident ; such cases being readily accountable for by the law of chances. If it were only a reasonably careful compilation, the work might still have a certain value ; but it abounds with minor blunders, such as " Chiton sowerbyanrus " for C. sowerbyanus, " Port Jankson," " Chiton goodalii," etc.; but per- haps the most amusing case in the part just issued is that of Chiton sulcatus Wood. This is renamed Chiton Woodii Cles., and said to be from " Lord Woods Insel der Gallopagos." The new name is of course quite unnecessary, because Ch. sulcatus Wood dates from 1814, some years prior to any other use of that specific name. The new name Chiton (CaUochiton) Carpenteri Cles. (p. 64), is a syn- onym of Callutochiton pnlchellus Gray, besides being pre-occupied, see p. 25 of the same work. When the monograph on Seaphopoda in the Conchylien Cabinet \v us issued, I thought that for blunders and general inadequacy it could not be surpassed ; but the work on Chi- tons, by the same author, promises to be a close second — H. A. P. Zweiter Beitrag zur Binnen-concJiylien des Miocdns I'on Oppeln in. Schlesien.— Von Prof. Dr. A. Andreas. Hildesheim, Dec., 1902. In this further study of a Miocene land-shell fauna, Prof. Andreae brings out several novelties of unusual interest. The new group Gyralina contains Hyalinia (G.) roemeri n. sp., a form very similar to our Helicodiscus lineatus. There is a new species of Strobilops, described under the name Strobilns. Also several interesting Heli- ces. Adelopoma martensi n. sp., is a minute Diplommatina-like form, in which relation is found with South American species de- scribed under the genus Adelopoma of Doering, ranging from Argen- tina to Guatemala. In this connection it may be well to call atten- tion to the fact that forms of the same genus occur in eastern Asia. " Diplommatina " pusilla Mart, of Japan, and its variety omiensis Pils., which are placed by Kobelt (Tierreich, Cyclophoriden] in Cylindropalaina, really have all the shell characters of Adelopoma. Also D. amurensis Mouss. (Journ. de Conchyl., 1887), from Vladi- vostock, which is apparently identical specifically with pusilla Mart. Another German Miocene species, Diplommatina dietzi Elach, is re- ferred by Dr. Andreae to Adelopoma. The distribution of the genus 60 THE NAUTILUS. is somewhat similar to that of Clausilia and the Belogonous Helices — European, Oriental and South American — H. A. Pilsbry. A BIOLOGICAL RECONNOISSANCE IN THE VICINITY OF FLAT- HEAD LAKE [MONTANA]. — By Morton J. Elrod. (Bulletin Univ. of Montana, No. 10.) A synopsis of work in all branches of Zool- ogy done at the Biological Station of the University of Montana. Besides a good many notes on mollusks throughout the text, there is a catalogue of Montana shells (pp. 170-174), and illustrations of a series of varieties of Pyramidida strigosa (plate xxvii) and P. Elrodi (pi. xxxii). CLASSIFICATION OF THE BRITISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS SOLEN L., etc. By H. H. Bloomer (Journal of Malacology, x, 1903). Mr. Bloomer, continuing the series of articles upon the an- atomy of Sulen, gives us a description and illustrations of Ceratisolen legumeii, Solecurtus strigillatus and S. candidus. The former has much in common with S. enst's, while as would be expected, Sole- curtus differs in many respects. Respecting the true Solens, Mr. Bloomer looks upon " Solen vagina as a more primitive form, and JSusis ensis and E. siligua as more specialized forms." Cultellus pelluc/dus coming somewhere between. He finds anatomical differ- ences between Solen and Ensis, sufficient to call for the generic sep- aration of the latter group, which until very recently has been con- sidered a subgenus of Solen. These careful, comparative studies in Pelecypod anatomy are valuable and worthy of imitation. MRS. MARY P. OLNEY. •We have recently learned with great regret, of the death of Mrs. Mary P. Olney, of Spokane, Wash. Mrs. Olney was a devoted lover of nature, and notwithstanding her advanced years, has taken a very active interest in the study of mollusca. Interesting notes such as: " Odor of snails," " Young Pyramidula strigosa," etc., were fre- quently contributed to THE NAUTILUS, and one form, Polygyra mullani var. OLNEY^E, was dedicated to her. THE NAUTILUS. VOL. XVII. OCTOBER, 19O3. No. 6. A NEW GENUS OF TROCHIDJE. BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. •In dredging between Oahu and Molokai in the Hawaiian Islands, in depths varying between 220 and 436 fathoms, sandy and rocky bottom, the U. S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross" obtained a number of specimens of a large deep-water gastropod shell, occupied by hermit crabs and completely covered by the extended basal mem- brane of a large Actinia. It is not uncommon to find gastropod shells covered by sponges or hydroid zoophytes, commensal with a Paguroid crab, and it often happens that the zoophyte grows beyond the margin of the aperture forming a shield for the growing crab, to their mutual advantage; since the crab in such cases does not have to seek a new habitation on the ground that the old one has become too small for him, while his movements prevent the zoophyte from becoming smothered by the mud, as might happen if the crab sought another domicile and left the old one lying on the bottom. In such cases the lime of the original shell is often gradually absorbed, though the sponge or zoophyte retains more or less of the original form. In the present case, however, the original shell appears to be normally so deficient in lime as to be practically of a flexible, horny consistency and chiefly composed of a rather tough, thick layer of couchioline. In order that it may retain its shape, it is necessary to keep it in alcohol, as in the case of Torellia and some forms of Vehitinidai. 62 THE NAUTILUS. STYLOBATES n. g. Shell depressed-turbinate, few whorled, feebly calcified, with a deep, funicular umbilicus bordered by a carina ; surface wrinkled in harmony with the incremental lines ; aperture ample, interrupted by the body whorl, the pillar lip straight, the outer lip and base continu- ously arcuate; the suture appressed. Animal? operculum? Stylobates ceneus n. sp. Shell large, flexible, with three rapidly-enlarging whorls, winch are moderately convex above, descending to a well-marked but not deep appressed suture ; base convex, the margin of the umbilicus carinate, its cavity straight-sided and funicular : last whorl expanded at the aperture, which has a thin, simple margin, straight at the ter- mination of the umbilical coil, slightly angular at the intersection of the umbilical carina, the lips above separated for a short distance on the body whorl ; shell of yellowish-gray color (in alcohol) with a well-marked, brassy lustre ; sculpture of small, irregular wrinkles harmonizing with the lines of growth ; outer lip somewhat sinuous and gently excavated at the periphery ; upper margin of the aperture advancing beyond the lower. Maximum diameter about 75, mini- mum 40, height 35, diameter of umbilicus about 10 mm. Habit, station 3893 of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer "Alba- tross," in the Hawaiian Islands. There are occasional minute granu- lations on the surface which may, however, be merely individual peculiarities. The soft parts and operculum are as yet unknown. This large and peculiar shell dons not closely resemble any other deep-water form yet recorded. "While its proper classification must remain unsettled until the soft parts are obtained, its general form and habit recall several of the 7'mc/n'i/ce, and bear a curious super- ficial resemblance to the New Zealand land shell formerly known as IJe!tx (now Paryphunla) busbyi. DISTRIBUTION OF JAMAICAN SPICIZS OF COLOBOSTYLUS. BY P. AV. JAUVIS. In this group there are thirteen clearly marked species : Colobostylus interruptus (Lam.). C. nutlii Pils. C. humphreyanus (Plr.). C. albus (Sowerby). THE NAUTILUS. 63 C. thysanoraplie (Sowerby). C. banksianus (Sowerby). C. jayanus (Ads.). C. yallaliensis (Ads.). C. redneldiaiins (Ads.). C. tectilabris ( Ads.). C. bronni (Ads.). C. lamellosus (Ads.). C. chevalier! (Ads.). Culobostyhis interruptus (Lam.) (Area No. 12). Living specimens of this species are very rare, and only occasionally found on the Dal- las mountains, but weather-beaten shells are very abundant on Long and Dallas mountains, lying to the north of Kingston. In Mr. Henry Vendrye's list of Jamaican Land and Fresh- Water Shells, it is classed under Choanopoma. Cu/obosfyltts humphreyamis (Pfr.) (Area No. 4) inhabits a very wide area, from the Cockpit country in St. Elizabeth and Trelawny, westward to " Silver Spring," in Westmoreland. The differencea between specimens from distant localities are very slight and there seems to be no tendency to vary amongst individuals. Colobostylus thysanoraphe (Sow.) (Area No. 6) occurs on the high mountains in the center of the island. Fairly abundant in the Cave Valley district. Colobostyhis jayanus (Ads.) (Area No. 7) is common throughout Manchester. This species is somewhat nearly allied to G. thysano- raphe. I have not yet found either any intermediate varieties or both species in one locality. Colobostyhis redfieldianus (Ads.) (Area No. 5) occurs in the two parishes of Westmoreland and Hanover. Varies considerably in size and color. Colobostylus bronni (Ads.) (Area No. 1). The metropolis of this shell is the highland parts of St. James and Trelawny where it abounds, it is common in smaller numbers throughout these two parishes. Culobostyhis chevalieri (Ads.). The typical form of this very pretty shell occurs somewhere in the mountains near Montego Bay. I have not yet found it. Dr. F. A. Sinclair, who has kindly given me speci- mens, did not take note at the time of the exact locality. The varie- ties album and virgatwn of Adams, are found together at Green Island in Hanover (Area No. 13). cc p H w O W tn y M O w -- O » O H in (64) THK NAUTILUS. 65 Colobostylus nultii Pils. (Area No. 2), is found on the Coast moun- tains at Braco, near Duncans. Colobosfylus albus (Sowerby) (Area No. 3). The typical forms of this species inhabit the coast mountains from Port Maria to St. Anns Bay and for a few miles inland. The var. fuscus of Adams, comes from the John Crow hills in Portland (Area 14). Colobostylus banksianus (Sowerby) (Area No. 7). This species has its headquarters in Manchester and spreads for a considerable distance across the borders of St. Elizabeth and through the Cockpit country. Colobostylus yallnhensis (Ads.) (Area No. 9). The types of this species came from " Roaches Gully," on Creighton Hall Estate, in St. Thomas ; it is also found at one or two other places on the Yal- lahs hills. This species also crops up at Schwallenburg (Area 9 A) on the slopes of Mount Diablo, in St. Anns. I do not know of its having been found anywhere else than in these two small areas. Colobostylus tectihtbris (Ads.) (Area 10), inhabits the central and southern parts of Manchester. It is widely distributed over this area but not common. Colobostylus lamellosits (Ads.) (Area No. 11) is found on the mountains of the South Coast of St. Elizabeth. A NEW JAMAICAN COLOBOSTYLUS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Colobostylus nuttii n. sp. Shell narrowly umbilicate, turbinate conic, similar in general shape to C. chevtdieri (C. Bl Ad.); surface very finely, densely and regularly striate throughout, the stria; more spaced and sharper on the early whorls, exactly as in C. albus. Coloration various, but usually consist- ing of a wide, purplish or purple-brown belt, leaving a pale or whitish band below the suture and around the umbilicus; the penult, whorl or whorl and a half bicolored, the lower part dark, the upper whitish; the upper whorl always purple-black. 3 to 3^ very convex whorls remain, the summit being truncate. The aperture is vertical, chest- 66 THE NAUTILUS. nut-brown within, at least in large part, not quite circular, being a little longer than wide, and with the inner margin less arcuate than the outer. Peristome moderately broad, witli a low, brown, raised inner rim, and whitish or white expansion, which is dilated into a slightly recurved or concave lobe above, adnate to the preceding •whorl ; it is also a little dilated at the columellar margin. The um- bilicus is smooth within, but rarely shows faint traces of a few spiral cords. Length 17, diam. 13 mm. Length 15, diam. 11 mm. The operculum is white externally, slightly concave, rather coarsely -wrinkled tangentially, and with about 2^ whorls after the blackish .nucleus, which is situated at about the lower third, and much nearer the columellar than the outer margin. The edge is very deeply grooved, the sides of the groove smooth or nearly so. Braco, Trelawny, in northwestern Jamaica, the types collected by Mr. George Nutt, and sent by Mr. P. W. Jarvis. This species differs from G. chevalieri in the sculpture of fine vertical stria?, the obsolescence of spiral cords around the umbilicus and in col- oration. C. albus, which has similar sculpture and operculum, differs in the narrow lip, not dilated above. The latter species is the most nearly related form known to me. Sometimes the wide median color zone is split by a lighter per- ipheral tract ; or it may be reduced to a narrower belt below the periphery. NOTES ON THE MOLLUSK FAUNA OF SAN NICHOLAS ISLAND. BY HERBERT N. LOWE. San Nicholas, the most bleak and barren bit of land in the whole group of the Santa Barbara Islands, lies apart from its more favored sister islands, sixty-five miles from the mainland. It is a small island, barely nine miles long, by four or five wide, without a vestige of a tree of any kind, and very little of the cactus, which grows in such quantities on the other islands. About half its area is a great desert of shifting sands where lie the bleaching bones of an extinct .race of Indians which inhabited the island many years ago. Many THE NAUTILUS. G7 strange and interesting implements of stone, bone and shell have been found, showing very skillfull workmanship. On this favored spot it was the writer's good fortune to spend three weeks in scientific research during the month of February, 1902. The marine shells are all of rare occurrence, with the exception of Acmsea giganten, Haliotls cracherodii and Mytilus califvrnianns, which grow on the rocks by the thousand. The red " abalone," Haliotis rufesce)is, used to be very abundant on the island, as was also the giant Cryptochiton stelleri, but are now of very rare occurrence. The smaller species, such as Ocinebra circumteyfa, Marginella varia, Gadinia reticulata, Mitromorpkafilosa, Megatebennus bimaculatus and a few of the smaller chitons were found under stones in little shel- tered inlets away from the heavy surf. The remainder of the coast line is composed alternately of great ledges of smooth rocks and strips of smoother sand beach. Unlike the other islands, with their sleep cliffs jutting off abruptly into deep water, San Nicholas is low, lying with bluff's sloping gradually to the water's edge, with shallow water a long distance from shore. A belt of kelp, in places more than a mile wide, surrounds the island, mak- ing a landing very difficult. A fair idea of the marine species in- habiting the coast may be obtained from the bleached shells found on the old Indian camp grounds, as they seemed to have eaten molluscs of every description, principally the Haliotis, fragments of which cover the mounds by the million, and the irridescent shells reflecting the rays of the sun in a gorgeous and dazzling play of color, present a picture long to be remembered. The following is a list of marine species found on the Indian mounds: Cyprsea spadicea Gray. Trivia solandri Gray. J'rato vitelina lids. Acmsea gigantea Gray. Acmsea mitra Esch. ActnseapeUa var. nacelloides Dall. Chlorostomn brunneum Phil. Chlorostorna montereyensis Kien. Cftlorostoma funebrule A. Ad. Gadinia reticulata Cpr. Cryptochiton stelleri Midd. Cardium quadrigenurium Con. Cnrdium biangulittuin Shy. Rupellaria latnellifera Con. Luciua californica Con. Venus fordii Yates. Hinnites giganteus Gray. Pec ten eequisulatus Cpr. Tapes st(tminea Con. Norrissia norrissii Sby. 68 THE NAUTILUS. Lucapina crenulata Sby. Monoceros lapilloides Com. Fissuridea aspera Escli. Olivellu boetica Cpr. Pachgpoma inequale Martyn. Oliva biplicata Sby. Pomaulax undosus Wood. Purpura saxicola Val. Ocinebra circurntexta Stearns. Mytilus californianus Con. Fusus barbarensis Trask. Haliotls rufescens Swain. Mitra maura Swains. Haliotis cracherodii Leach. Cancellnria cooperi Gabb. Haliotis corrugata Gray. Ischnochiton conspicuus Cpr. Natica sp. The reefs where the Acmaea gigantea have their liome, jutting out between the sand beaches, are, after every storm, temporarily cov- ered over with sand. At such times a large quantity of sand gets under the mantle of the Acmcea, causing little nodules to be formed on the inside of the shell, from the size of a pinhead to that of a small bean. The shells were of unusual thickness, to withstand the con- tinual pounding of the surf. As I have previously stated, the island is almost destitute of vege- tation, making the land shells few and far between. The only species were: Helix tryoni, found alive in small numbers; H. f emits, one fresh specimen and occasional dead ones; H. sodalis, none but dead and bleached ones. I should probably not have obtained any live Helices had it not been for a rain storm which came on while I was on the island, when the tiny creatures seemed to sprout as it were from the bowels of the earth. After every rain storm there comes a fierce, drying, west wind, which makes the snails "hunt their holes" in a hurry, and any unfortunate Helix not under cover is made short work of by the scorching winds and sand blowing upon them. About the only food for the snails is a low-growing salt bush, at the roots of which they burrow in the dry season. At the east end of the island are found the few scattering live Helices with comparatively few dead shells, while at the west end of the island the dead and bleached shells lie by the thousand on the great stretches of shifting white sand. As there is no vegetation whatever at that end of the island, and the prevailing winds, in the opposite direction, makes it impos- sible for them to have been driven there by that agency, it remains an unanswered question how came these myriads of dead and bleached shells in this sand desert? At the west end occasional springs of fresh water drip from over- THE NAUTILUS. 69 hanging ledges of rock to little pools on the sand beach, and then flow to the great ocean without having benefited the island in any way. In these little pools a few small stunted Physas were found. During the winter season the island is the rendezvous of Japanese fishermen, who catch lobsters for the Los Angeles market. They also make a business of hunting abalones at low tide. The meats are cleaned from the shells, boiled in salt water and spread on the flat rocks to dry, when they are sacked up and shipped to Japan and China, and considered a great delicacy by the celestial epicures. The shells are sent to Los Angeles and made into pearl buttons, souvenir spoons and various "curios" to tempt the pocket-book of the tourist. NEW JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRT. Phasianella tristis n. sp. Shell imperforate, globose turbinate, thick and solid, dark reddish- brown, the apical whorl whitish ; smooth. Spire short. Whorls 3, rapidly increasing, the last rounded. Aperture more than half the length of the shell, oblique, rounded-ovate ; columellar margin regu- larly concave, flattened and callous. Alt. 3.6, diani. 3 mm. Rishiri, Kitami. Types no. 85222 A. N. S- P., from no. 1367 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Near P. oligomphala, but the aperture is less oblique, the shell more solid and of a more sombre color. Gibbufa ciffinis var. cognata n. v. Differs from G. affiuis of the Viti Is. in having the larger spiral cords more equal and regularly spaced, the apical whorls rose-colored. Riukiu I. Gibbula vittata n. sp. Shell narrowly but openly umbilicate, conic, fleshy-brown, striped longitudinally with white, the white stripes about half as wide as the darker ones. Surface nearly lusterless. Whorls subangular above 70 THE NADTILUS. the middle of the upper surface, the last also angular at the periph- ery ; sculptured with narrow spiral cords, of which there are four between the peripheral angle and the shoulder, the surface nearly smooth or with one cord above the shoulder. Base with about nine spiral cords. Whorls nearly 6. Aperture oblique, rounded, angular at the base of the columella, smooth within. Columella straightened in the middle. Umbilicus smooth and white within. Alt. 6, diam. 5.3 mm. Riukiu I. Types no. 82037 A. N. S. P., from no. 1318 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Gibbula incarnata n. sp. Shell perforate or closed, turbinate, coral-red, uniform or with some paler or whitish spots at the periphery, a small area around the columella white. Sculptured with nearly smooth spiral cords as wide as their intervals, nine in number on the penultimate whorl. On the somewhat flattened base there are about 8 finer cords. Spire conic, the apex obtuse. Whorls 5, convex, the last subangular around the base. Aperture oblique, irregularly rounded, smooth within. Colu- mella wide and calloused. Alt. 5.3, diam. 5. Kumihama, Tango. Types 82141 A. N. S. P., from no. 1323 of Mr. Hirase's collection. Monilea (Rossiteria} nucleolus n. sp. Shell depressed globose-conic, narrowly umbilicate ; white with an interrupted buff zone above, and conspicuously variegated with squar- ish black-brown spots, of which there is a row of broad ones below the suture (three or four on a whorl), a row of smaller ones just above the periphery, and another on the base. Besides these, there is an irregular articulation or dotting of dark brown on the spiral cords. Surface glossy, sculptured with numerous very low and sub- equal, nearly smooth, spiral threads, almost obsolete on the base, but reappearing at the border of the umbilicus ; and showing under a lens, subregular, close, longitudinal grooves, almost obsolete, but visi- ble near the suture and umbilicus. Whorls 5, convex, the last well rounded. Aperture oblique, the columellar margin deeply concave in the middle ; columella abruptly truncate at the base. Outer lip bevelled to a sharp edge, thickened and spirally lirate within. Alt. 5.6, diam. 6.3 mm. THE NAUTILUS. 71 Compared with M. nucleus Phil., this species differs in being smaller, with the whole sculpture much fainter, subobsolete. It is also more depressed, and the umbilicus widens more at the opening. Clancnlus getnmulifer var. pallidus n. v. Differs from gcmmidffer by its pale, yellowish-brown tint, with roseate apex, and some indistinct, paler, radial flames ; only a few of * the liras having sparse black beads, eacli between two white ones. Kasliiwajima, Tosa. Types no. 83221 A. N. S. P., from no. 9106 of Mr. Ilirase's collection. MISS S. F. PEICE. We learn with deep regret of the death, at her home at Bowling Green, Ky., on July 3d, of Miss Sadie F. Price. Miss Price was born at Bowling Green. Her parents were Alexander M. and Marie Price. For many years Miss Price had been actively interested in the flora of her State, upon which she published a number of articles, among them a useful illustrated work, " The Fern Collector's Hand- book." Ornithology also claimed her attention, and in the last dozen years she became interested in mollusks, and becoming ac- quainted by correspondence with concliologists working upon inland species, she collected assiduously and successfully, publishing a list of her local collections in this journal for November, 1900. Miss Price assisted upon the Kentucky exhibit at the Columbian Exposition, where she exhibited plants and a series of paintings of the birds of Kentucky, which attracted much attention. Like a true naturalist, Miss Price passed on to many pupils the love of nature. She is sur- vived by her sister, Miss Mary Price, with whom she had lived for many years. GENERAL NOTES. HELIX HORTENSIS AT PEUCE, P. Q. — Dr. John M. Clarke reports this species as very common in the limestone regions at Perce, Gulf of StT Lawrence. A specimen sent is of the five-banded form. II. A. P. 72 THE NAUTILUS. PROF. T. D. A. COCKERELL, of East Las Vegas, New Mexico, has removed to Colorado Springs, Colorado. REV. A. B. KENDIG, of Brookline, Mass., has sold his large col- lection of land shells to the Franklin and Marshall College, Lancas- ter, Pa. THE largest fresh-water pearl on recovd was found at Genoa, Wis- consin, by seventeen-year-old Frank Hastings while he was fishing. It weighs 185 grains and is pure white. It measures ||- of an inch in diameter. A local dealer bought the pearl, just as it was when it came from the shell, for $2,675. — Cleveland Leader. MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, of Chicago, has recently added to her large and beautiful collection of Oypraidce a specimen of Cyprcza broderipii Gray. We believe this is the only specimen in America. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. A NEW LAND SHELL FROM CALIFORNIA. By Paul Bartsch (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, pp. 103, 104, 1903). Sonorella wal- cotliana is described from Palm Springs, San Diego Co., where it occurred in crevices' of rocks. ON SOME ADDITIONAL FOSSILS FROM THE VANCOUVER CRETA- CEOUS, WITH A REVISED LIST OF THE SPECIES THEREFROM. By J. F. Whi leaves. (Geological Survey of Canada, Mesozoic Fossils, vol. i, part 5, pp. 309-415, plates 40-51.) This part is similar to the one published in 1879, consisting of a report of the many collections received since that time. Some 27 species of Cephalopoda are recorded, including six new species. The Gastropoda are represented by 35 species, 12 of which are new. Scaphapoda two species, arid Pelecypoda 48 species, 10 being new to science. The synonymy and bibliography is given in full and the illustrations are excellent. The work is a valuable contribution to American paleontology. — C. W. J. THE NAUTILUS. Vol.. XVIT. NOVEMBER, 19O3. No. 7. SOME NOTES ON THE GENUS FULGUE. BY CHAS. \V. JOHNSON. In the very interesting and valuable paper, " Studies of Gastro- poda II, Fulgur and Sycotypus," by Amadeus W. Grabau (Amer. Naturalist, August, 1903), the author has again brought to generic rank the name of Sycotypus. No stronger evidence is brought forth to uphold this view than that already given, viz., the character of the protoconch, as pointed out by Conrad. Dr. Dall and others consider the condition of Conrad's specimens to have been pathologic, while the many tertiary forms seem to completely bridge all distinguishing conchobgieal characters, leaving only the ciliated periostratum, a feature which is lost in the fossils and in Fulgur pyrum is often obso- lete or wanting. Still Sycotypus, as a rule, forms a recognizable group, very convenient in tracing the origin of many of the species. Has the protoconch of F. pyrum been studied? It may have no bearing on the subject, but it is interesting to note that while the egg-capsules of F. canalicalatum are readily distinguished from F. carica and F. perversum by having a single-keeled edge, those of F. pyrum are biangular, resembling those of F. perversum in miniature. In tracing the ancestral relations of the various so-called species, Mr. Grabau has brought out many points which deserve careful con- sideration. Every one who has made a study of the tertiary species probably has a different view in regard to the relationship of the various forms, and these views should be freely given and the con- sensus of opinion adopted. All agree that the Eocene Levifusus is probably the immediate 74 THE NAUTILUS. ancestor of Futyur, the latter being first represented in the Oligocene and Lower Miocene by F. spiniyer and its several varieties, and in the middle Miocene by F. fusiform* 8? From this form was probably derived, as Mr. Grabau states, "the large and ponderous Fulgur maximum Conr.," which apparently, through the varieties tritonis andflosum* leads to the recent F. carica and its variety eliceans. On the other hand, the sinistral form un- doubtedly evolved from F. maximum in the upper Miocene much earlier than Mr. Grabau's table would imply, and by forms such as F. adversarium and F. obfilosum leads directly to the recent F. perver- sum, and its rare variety kieneri Phil, presenting exact parallels to the F. tritonis jilosum and F. carica eliceans series, thus strengthening the theory of a common ancestry. During the Pliocene, F. pvrcer- sum seems to have extended and found more favorable conditions further south, for it is really more plentiful and better developed in the Caloosahatchie than in the Waccamavv beds. On the gulf coast at the present time it is more abundant than on the Atlantic, while F. carica is not found at all in the Gulf of Mexico. In the Caloosahatchie beds there appeared a new form, F- rapum Heilp., probably derived from F. perversum (as such forms of perver- sum as Mr. Grabau has called obrapum would indicate) and appar- ently representing a reversion to the maximum type. \ would not consider obrapum to be sinistral rapum, neither would I consider obfilosum to be a sinistral Jilosum; for while admitting a common ancestry, the immutability of the recent perversum and carica has given us reason to believe that the same stability has ex- isted since they originated. To admit the mutability of sinistral and dextral forms only makes " confusion worse confounded." F. rapum, through the form tritonoides Grabau, leads to the recent F. coarcta- tum Sowerby of the Gulf of Mexico, an extremely rare shell which may possibly be extinct. The long anterior canal of the monstrosity F. candelabrum. Lam., as figured by Kiener, indicates a position here, rather than under eliceans. 1 In a bed which overlies the Chipola and having an out-crop in a mill-race two miles east of Argyle, Fla., I found this species, identical with specimens from St. Mary's, Md. 2 F. Jilosum did not originate in the upper Miocene, as indicated by Mr. Gra- ban's table; F. maximum, tritonis and Jilosum are all associated with F. indie at Yorktowu, which moreover is the type locality for filosum. THE NAUTILUS. I <> The Sycnti/pits group probably originated, as Mr. Grabau suggests, with such forms as F. bnriisii, perizGnutttin and tainpaensis in tlie Upper Oligocene (Lower Miocene?) and F. coronulum and nujosum in the Middle Miocene. It ^eems ratlier a doubtful conclusion to refer to F. rugosum as the direct ancestor of F. canaliculatum. have not seen the " Faison variety " of F. canaUferum referred to, but I am inclined to consider F. alcealus and incite as intermediate forms and to trace the line of ancestry of F. canaliculatum and pijrum through the same formations in which I trace F. carlca and perver- O sum, viz., the Miocene of Virginia and North Carolina and the Plio- cene of the Waccamaw and Caloosahatchie. The typical F. incite of Yorktown seems to have evolved into two forms in the Duplin county beds ; the one, F. conradil1 Tuomey and Holmes, leads to the so-called canaUferum Conr., the type of which is the F. canaliculatum T. & H., from the Waccamau, and in no way separable from the recent form. The other form, derived from indie, represents a very mutable species, and to the various forms had been applied the names of F. carolinensis, excavatus, elongatus and pyri- formis. These exhibit, however, all gradations and extend through the Pliocene to the recent F. pi/rum Dillvv. F. conclnnum does not belong to the " Middle Miocene." The type locality is Sampson Co., N. C., and I found it also along the Cape Fear River, ten miles above Elizabeth town, Bladen Co., in a bed typically Duplin. I do not know the forms which Conrad de- scribed as amcenum and Kerrii and a study of the form from Walker's Bluff, N. C., might throw additional light on the subject. THE GREATEST AMERICAN PLANORBIS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. Planorbis magnificus n. sp. The shell is very large and high, sinistral as usual, the upper or spire half yellow or pale brown, the lower or umbilical half dark brown. Surface glossy, finely marked with growth-lines, and usually some spiral series of minute long granules, as in many species of pond •That F. conradii represents an intermediate form between incile and canali- culatum is clearly shown by a series in the Joseph Willcox collection of Ful- gurs, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 76 THE NAUTILUS. snails (but without thread-like striae such as Planorbis frivol vis has). Spire narrow, deeply sunken, with steep sides; the summit of the whorls acutely angular. Umbilicus deeply funnel shaped, the base of the whorls so narrowly rounded as to appear almost angular. Whorls nearly 5, the last very large, rounded at the periphery, some- what flattened and sloping above, more convex below it. Aperture but slightly oblique, irregularly ovate, angular or subangular above, broadly rounded below, the peristome slightly expanded. Diam. 36, height 24.5 mm. Diam. 34, height 22 mm. Lower Cape Fear River in the vicinity of Wilmington, North Carolina, collected by Mr. Wm. P. Seal. This species is remarkable not more for its size than for the great width, far exceeding any other species. It differs from P. trivolvis, animon and their allies in the surface sculpture and narrower umbili- cus. Planorbis corpulentus Say is also somewhat related, but its differential features will be obvious in a comparison with Mr. Bryant Walker's illustrations and description of that species, NAUTILUS XIII, p. 133, plate 3 (April, 1900). OBSERVATIONS ON THE BYSSUS OF UNIONIDJE. BY L. S. FRIERSON. Recently, while collecting young or very small Unionidse, two species were obtained having a byssus. Seven or eight specimens of Lampsilis texasensis Lea, were taken so provided, and one specimen of Lampsilis faHaciosus Simpson. The L. texasensis varied from one-eighth to one-half inch in length, while the />. faUaciosus was five-eighths of an inch long. The size of the shell and the length of the byssus did not appear to bear any constant ratio, nor did the size (or diameter) of the byssus vary. The most of the texasensis and also the faUaciosus were taken by means of a combination flour scoop and sieve such as is used in our kitchens. This was used to scrape up the bottom, and then the mud washed out leaving the larger stuff behind. In this way the original position occupied by the shells could not be ascer- tained ; but several specimens were taken attached to sticks, and these were hanging suspended in the water clear of the bottom. THE NAUTILUS. 77 The byssus was attached to the soft parts at about one-fourth dis- tance from the anterior to the posterior end. One of the texasensis had a byssus cylindrical in shape, about half the diameter of a human hair laid alongside for comparison. But that of the others and also of the fallaciosus was roughly ribbon- shaped, and resembled a flat piece of '' molasses pulled-candy," both in texture and in contour. While wet they were very elastic, but exceedingly brittle when dry, appearing to be of the same composi- tion as the ligament of the shell. These ribbons were irregularly twisted, now to the right, now to the left, as well as vertically undu- latory. This gave them a sort of spiral spring effect which was quite noticeable. The proximal end, when separated from the soft parts by slight traction, was bulb-shaped and attached to a style-like process which occasionally could be drawn from between the valves. My appli- ances were not equal to the task of determining whether this process was an outgrowth of the foot or of the mantle. The distal ends were attached to quite a little raft of heterogeneous material, and 1 believe that this " raft " serves to make a float, analogous to the balloons by which spiders sail through the air in the autumn months. None of them seemed to be directly fastened to any large body such as sticks or old shells, but merely entangled with the moss or algas growing on the sticks, etc. The lengths of these byssi were about three to eight inches. Several very small Quadrulas were taken. But no byssus was noted on any of them. Could this feature be a characteristic of Lampsilis and closely allied genera? A NEW GUPPYA FROM FLORIDA. BY HENRY A. PILSBKY. Guppya miamiensis n. sp. The shell is perforate, almost exactly like Guppya gundlachi in shape, size and color ; glossy and smooth, with no trace of spiral fines, even under high magnification. Alt. 1.5, diam. 2.3 mm., whorls 3|. Miami, Bade Co., Florida. Types no. 77083 A. N. S. P., col- lected by S. N. Rhoads, 1899. In Mr. Rhoads' list of Miami shells, published in a former num- 78 . THE NAUTILUS. ber of this journal, (his was listed as G. yundlachi. Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, who obtained some of Rhoads' specimens, directed my atten- to its distinctness. G. gundlachi occurs at a neighboring locality, Lemon City, Fla., as well as throughout the St. John's valley, and in west Florida — probably extending all over the peninsula. It was collected by Mr. Singley at Hidalgo, Texas, and is a well-known West Indian and Mexican species. G. yundlachi is invariably characterized by the presence of a sculpture of very minute regular and close, spiral stria?, as mentioned in the descriptions of Pfeiffer, von Martens and others, and as I have confirmed in numerous speci- mens from Florida, Texas, Mexico and the West Indies. NEW LAND SNAILS OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE KY H. A. PILSBRY AND Y. HIKASK. Eulola lulmana yakushimana n. var. Shell small with conic spire, yellowish red-brown or bright yellow- ish green, indistinctly streaked with darker or sometimes with two or three bands faintly indicated; wrinkle striate with dense fine spiral lines as usual. Whorls 5^, the last very deeply descending below the periphery of the preceding whorl. Umbilicus very narrow and rapidly contracting within. Aperture nearly horizontal, the upper and lower margins subparallel ; peristome narrowly refiexed, thick- ened within. Alt. 17.5, diam. 23. width of umbilicus 2 mm. Alt. 17, diam. 23, width of umbilicus 2.5 mm. Yakushima, Osumi. Types no. 85752 A. N. S. P., from no. 895 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This race has the small, contracted umbilicus of E. I. nesiotica, but it differs in the very small size and conic spire. Ganesella moellendorjjiana n. sp. Shell openly umbilicate, depressed, with low conic; spire, the base concave around the moderately open umbilicus, one-tenth the diameter of the shell ; thin, reddish brown, with a narrow, darker band above and a pale band at the periphery. Surface glossy, weakly marked with growth-wrinkles and densely engraved with minute, spiral lines. Whorls (i, convex, very slowly and regularly increasing, the last but THE NAUTILUS. 79 very slightly descending anteriorly, very slightly angular in front, becoming rounded. Aperture lunate, moderately oblique; peristome thin, narrowly retiexed. Alt. 20.5, diam. 29. G, width of umbilicus 3 mm. Amagisan, Izu. Type no. 85753 A. N. S. P., from no. 1140 of Mr. Hirase's collection. This is one of the finest of the japonica group of species, resemb- ling G.jacobii in contour, but much larger, with a comparatively wider umbilicus and darker in color. It is named in honor of Dr. O. von Moellendorff, in whose untimely death malacology has lost one of the most acute and industrious authorities upon Oriental snails. Pristiloma japonica n. sp. Shell minute, imperforate, discoidal, the upper surface very low, conoidal, base convex, periphery rounded; pale yellow, somewhat translucent, glossy and almost smooth, very faintly striate radially above. Whorls 5^, slowly widening, slightly convex, the base im- pressed in the center. Aperture nearly vertical, narrowly lunate, the outer lip acute and thin, strengthened a short distance within by a white, callous ridge, showing as a buff streak outside; columellar margin narrowly reflexed at the insertion. Alt. 1.5, diam. 2.7 mm. Toya, Kuziro, in eastern Yesso. Types no. 85754 A. N. S. P., from no. 1146 of Mr. Hirase's collection. It is impossible to say whether this is really a Pristiloma until the jaw and teeth can be examined ; but from the close resemblance of the shell to P. lansingi, the generic reference seems probable. There is no Oriental group to which it could properly be referred, to my knowledge. It is a new generic type for Japan. NEW PISIDIA. BY V. STERKI. Pis. complanatum n. sp. Mussel inequipartite, slightly oblique, moderately inflated ; superior margin short, somewhat curved, with rounded, more or less projecting angles at the scutum and scutellum ; posterior part short, truncate, passing with a rounded angle in the inferior margin, which rises in a strong curve to the rounded-angular anterior end ; supero-anterior slope not well marked, slightly curved ; 80 THE NAUTILUS. beaks rather posterior, projecting over the hinge margin, slightly bulging anteriorly and posteriorly, flattened laterally ; surface with very fine, almost regular stria? and a few faint lines of growth, with a slight, silky gloss ; color light to brownish-horn ; shell scarcely translucent ; nacre thin, with the muscle insertions visible but not impressed ; hinge slight to moderately stout, plate rather narrow, right cardinal tooth curved, occupying the whole width of the plate, its anterior end abruptly thick and grooved or bifid, its ends are con- nected by the sharp, inferior edge of the plate, thus forming a groove ; left anterior cardinal tooth short, curved or angular, the posterior quite short, small, oblique ; lateral teeth moderately stout, with short, pointed cusps, the outer ones of the right valve quite small but dis- tinct ; ligament short, comparatively stout. Long. 3.2, alt. 2.8, diam. 1.8 mill.; long. 2.7, alt. 2.4, diam. 1.6 mill. Habitat : Little Black Creek and lakes in Muskegon Co., Michi- gan, sent by Mr. Bryant Walker. This species is different and distinct from all our Pisidia. It somewhat resembles P. ultramontnnurn Pr., but is much smaller, its beaks are narrower, of different shape and more prominent. Some of the specimens from the creek are higher over the beaks and in the posterior part, and thus the mussel is of a rather different shape. In others, the beaks are less flattened, laterally. Pis. rowdli n. sp. Mussel well inflated, elliptical-ovate in outline, angles at scutum and scutellum slightly projecting, broadly rounded; posterior margin just perceptibly subtruncate, supero-anterior slope slightly marked ; beaks a little posterior (" in normal position "), large, rounded, projecting over the hinge margin ; surface shining, slightly and irregularly striate, with a few coarser lines of growth ; horn colored to brownish over the beaks, usually with a lighter zone along the margins, not sharply defined ; shell translucent, rather thin ; hinge slight, plate rather narrow ; right cardinal tooth angular, with its posterior part thicker and grooved, left anterior short, tri- angular, placed high up on the plate, the posterior much longer, oblique, curved ; lateral teeth with rather short, abrupt cusps in the left valve ; the outer ones in the right valve small ; ligament slight. Long. 7.5, alt. 6.2, diam. 4.5 mill. Habitat: Near Sisson, at the foot of Mount Shasta, California, collected by Rev. J. Rowell. THE NAUTILUS. 81 This large and beautiful Pisidium cannot be mistaken for any other species. It seems to be related to abditum Hald., and some of the old-world Pisidia. Young specimens are very little inflated, and of a light, almost whitish color. Pis. cuneiforme n. sp. Mussel inequipartite, oblique, moderately to rather well inflated, mostly so near the beaks; hinge margin slightly curved, the angles at the scutum and scutellum projecting; anterior part considerably longer, attenuated, somewhat cuneiform, and directed downward, the end rounded, supero-anterior slope well marked, straight or slightly curved ; posterior part short, subtruncate ; beaks moderately large and slightly elevated over the hinge margin ; surface finely and irregularly striate, pale to yellowish horn-colored, or whitish, dull to shining ; shell opaque to subtranslucent, thin ; hinge slight, short, plate narrow ; cardinal teeth placed far towards the anterior, well formed ; the right curved, its posterior part slightly thicker and grooved ; the left anterior well curved, the posterior slightly so, almost longitudinal and above the anterior, long ; right lateral teeth slight, cusps low and rounded, the outer ones well formed ; in the left valve the cusps are short, high, abrupt, pointed ; ligament slight. Long. 2.8, alt. 2.4, diam. 1.8 mill. Habitat: Michigan and Minnesota. In Michigan: Byer's trout pond, Kent Co. ; Blue Lake and Green Creek, Muskegon Co.; Hess Lake, Newaygo Co.; Lake Michigan, at High Id. Harbor. Clear- water River, Stearns Co., Minn. Collected by Messrs. Bryant Walker, H. E. Sargent and R. G. Kirkland. Specimens were received in 1895, and again in '98 and '99, and then regarded as representing a distinct species. Yet the number of specimens from each place being limited, it seemed advisable to wait for more materials. Pis. cuneiforme has some resemblance with P. subtruncatum Malm, and (var.) cuneatnm Biz., of Europe ; but the beaks are broader, less elevated ; the surface striation and appearance are different, and the young of both show more differences between each other than the adult. Of our North American species, it has resemblance only with some forms of P. compressum, but our species is much smaller and its anterior part is longer, comparatively. Young and half-grown specimens are comparatively shorter, less inequipartite and less ob- lique. 82 THE NAUTILUS. A well-marked feature of the hinge is, as it seems, the relative position of the teeth, the distance between the cardinals and posterior lateral cusps being twice as long as that between the cardinals and anterior laterals. In other species, e. g., Pis. compression, variabile, noveboracense, that difference is much less marked, and in P. vir- ginicum the cardinals are about equidistant from the laterals. NEW LAND SNAILS FROM SOUTH AMERICA, BY C. F. ANCEY. Epiphragmophora orophila Anc. Testa umbilicata, umbilico margine columellari fere prorsus ob- tecto, depressa, solidula, subnitida, fusco-olivacea, supra medium fascia fulva cincta, supra oblique et irregulariter striata, striis rugi- formibus, subtus exilioribus, prteterea passim et minute malleata atque spiraliter infra impressiuscula. Spira convexa, obtusa, late subconoidea. Anfractus 5^ convex!, sutura impressa, in ultimo sub- irregulari discreti, ultimus relative magnus, antice sat breviter de- flexus. Apertura obliqua, transverse oblonga, intus fuscula, fascia transmeante. Peristoma album, incrassatum, anguste expansum, basi reflexum et intus dilatatum, ad columellam late supra umbilicum eversum, marginibus sat remotis, basali declivi. Diam. 29£, min. 24, alt, 16 mill. Hab. in Andibus Peruvias. This shell, received by MM. Sowerby and Fulton as E. clansottL- phalos (?), Dev. & Hupe, is quite unlike the latter, but is related to a species of smaller size that one of these gentlemen sent me some years ago as E. Farrisi Higg., or rather E. Higginsi Pfr., the former name being preoccupied. However it does not seem to correspond with the original diagnosis. The present species is larger, its sur- face is rough but of a plain brown color, ornamented with a brown band and the umbilicus is nearly closed. Epiphragmophora Turtoni Anc. This I have described in the journal as probably Bolivian, but subsequently my friend Mr. Gude has described from Paraguay an E. ZW/ttm, which appears to be very close to it and of which I have seen the type in his collection. Both are probably from the same THE NAUTILUS. 83 country. E. turtoni is larger, a trifle more depressed , and is fur- nished with a single median brown band. Otherwise the two species are very much alike. Porphyrobaphe sarcostoma, n. sp. Testa imperforata, solida, ovato-oblonga, nitida, striis increment! lan-ibus oblique notata, in parte infera ultimi anfrnctus obsolete et superficiality lineis spiralibus vix impressa, sub epidermide lutescente fuscula vel cinereo-iulva, atque strigis seu lineis undulatis vel fulgu- ratis crebre picta, praiterea obscure saturatius 3 vel 4-fasciata, fasciis ob lineas persaepe interrupts, duabus primis in anfractibus superis continuatis, apice pallido. Spira conoidia, modice elongata, obtusa. Anfractus 6^ convexiusculi, duo primi microscopice punc- tati, ultimus regulariter oblongus, ad aperturam brevissime ascendens. Sutura parum profunda, inferne (an casu fortuito?) impresso margi- nata. Apertura subobliqua, elliptico-oblonga, intus ccerulescenti- albida, fauce nitida, fusco-carnea ; superne angulata, postice ad basin columellad tantisper subangulata. Columella intus plica supera me- diocri alba oblique ascendente munita, postea subarcuaia. Peris- toma callosum, crassum, undique breviter expansum et reflexum, albido-carneum, ad basin dilute fusculum, marginibus callo valido ejusdem coloris junctis. Long. 74, !at. 31, alt. apert. (oblique, cum perist.) 33^ mill. Hab. in Colombia (?). I saw only one example of this beautiful species and it is in my collection. I can compare it with no other, the color of lip and throat being a striking feature. ( To be continued.*) MRS, HENRIETTA H. T. WOLCOTT. "We regret to chronicle the death of Mrs. Henrietta II. T. Woloott, of Dedham, Mass., following a severe accident. She passed a\vay after much suffering, October 8th. in the 78th year of her age. Mrs. Wolcott was deeply interested in the study of nature, was a proficient botanist, and of late years interested in Conchology. A wide traveler, she was never happier than when engaged in gathering interesting material suitable for educational purposes; and many small, well- 84 THE NAUTILUS. chosen school collections were given by her to educational institu- tions and public schools. In the course of her travels she frequently obtained new or rare specimens which she shared with cordial pleas- ure with those students to whom they were of special interest. Her last contribution of this kind was the Sonorella Wolcottiana from Palm Springs, in the desert region of southeastern California. Phil- anthropic work also claimed much of her attention, to which she brought a mind clear and sensible, broadened by experience of many years at home and in distant countries. Mrs. Wolcott was the daugher of Joseph and Eleanor Eustis, of Boston, and the widow of the late John W. Wolcott. She leaves a son and two daughters, be- sides many, not bound by ties of relationship, yet who will remember her as a friend, benefactor, or co-laborer W. H. D. NOTES AND NEWS. SHELLS OK DOUGLAS Co., CENTRAL WASHINGTON. — Prof. R. E. Snodgrass collected a small series of shells at Grand Coulee, Blue Lake, in July, 1902, comprising the following species. "Pyramidula" strigosa Gld. Planorbis trivolvis var. horni (small var.). Tryon. Agriolimax campestris Binn. Planorbis parvus Say. Succinea nuttalliana Lea. Physa triticea Lea. Succinea gabbi Tryon. Pisidium compressum Prime, Limnrea nuttalliana Lea. Pisidium sp. undet. Limnsea adelinas Tryon. Limnaea near sumassi Bd. This locality must be near or at the western limit of P. strigosa. Specimens are in the coll. of the Washington Agricultural College I O O O at Pullman, Wash., and that of the Academy at Philadelphia H. A. Pilsbry. SCHISMOPE IUMULOIDES (Cpr.) at San Diego. — This species was described by Carpenter as a Scissure/la, from Mazathm. In examin- ing some specimens sent some years ago as " Vanikorol " by Henry Hemphill, I found that they were the species named above. I do not know that this genus has been reported from California hitherto. — Pilsbry. THE NAUTILUS. You XVIT. DECEMBER, 19O3. No. 8. A NEW CALIFORNIAN TRIVIA. BY WILLIAM .1. RAYMOND. During the summer of 1901 the University of California, with the financial aid of friends in Los Angeles, maintained a Marine Bio- logical Laboratory at San Pedro, California, and carried on biolog- ical exploration along the coast from Redondo to Newport, around Catalina Island, and from Los Coronados Islands to La Jolla in the vicinity of San Diego. The large gasoline launch "Elsie" was chartered for the summer and equipped with apparatus for the study of the physical environment of marine life, including depth, temper- ature and salinity of water and character of bottom. Collections of specimens were made within the regions named, from shore-line to an extreme depth of 100 fathoms. For this purpose the launch was provided with a winch and rope, dredges, trawls, tow-nets and re- ceptacles for the preservation of the specimens. The molluscan col- lections, which were large and interesting, were placed in the writer's hands for identification and report. In advance of a complete report it is desirable to put certain observations on record, among them the descriptions of new species encountered. A previously known but. undescribed species of Trivia is : Trivia ritteri n. sp. Shell small, white, form ovate, inflated, anterior extremity slightly produced, spire completely covered, but rather prominent, base convex, outer lip margined, strongly sculp- tured with about twenty, smooth, sharp ribs, much narrower than the interspaces which are nearly flat and scarcely roughened by irregular rugae parallel to the axis of the shell, no sulcus, the ribs continuing 86 THE NAUTILUS. unchanged in width across the back, except that occasionally a few ribs near the spire are interrupted at the median line ; a few short intercalary ribs are usually present on the sides of the shell ; aperture rather wide, armed with 17 to 18 denticulations on the outer lip, and 14 to 16 on the inner. Two extreme specimens in size measure : length 11.5, breadth 8.6, height 7.2 mm.; length 9.2, breadth, 6.5. height 5.7 mm. Catalina Island, 60 fathoms (Cooper) ; Monterey (Dall) ; Cortez Bank, 54 fathoms (Dall) ; Catalina Island near Avalon, 40 fathoms (Sta. 21, U. C. M. B. L.) ; off San Pedro, about 50 fathoms (Sta. 83, U. C. M. B. L.). A dead specimen and a fragment of a second, collected more than thirty years ago by Dr. Cooper, as cited above, but wrongly identi- fied as Trivia sanguined Gray, are now in the museum of the Uni- versity of California. If the admission of T. sanguined to the Cali- fornian fauna rests solely upon this identification, the name should be removed from our lists. See Cooper's Geographical Catalogue of the Mollusca Found West of the Rocky Mountains, 1867, No. 626. To Dr. Dall is owing the citation of localities which considerably extend the known range of T. ritteri. A specimen was submitted by Dr. Dall to Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, of Manchester, England, who considered it new after comparison with T. multilirata, europxa, candidula, pelhicidula, etc. In the character of the ribs it somewhat resembles T7. buttoni Melv., but differs in color, being white instead of straw-colored, in having about twenty instead of fourteen ribs, and in its size, the latter species being 5.5 mm. in length. T. ritteri differs from T. europaa in the ribs, which in the former species are less numerous, sharp, and much narrower than the interspaces, while in the latter they are more rounded and wider. The shell of the latter is also more inflated. From T. panamensis Dall, the present species differs in much greater size and more numerous ribs. It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this beautiful species to Professor William E. Ritter, in charge of the University of California Marine Biological Laboratory at San Pedro, 1901. ANNIE M. LAW. For much of our knowledge of the mollusk fauna of east Tennes- see and western North Carolina we are indebted to two ladies, Miss THK NAUTILUS. 8T ANNIE M. LAW and MRS. GEORGE ANDREWS. Before them> RUGEL had made a beginning in this beautiful but difficult mountain country. Until FERRISS and his friends began their explorations, these three enthusiasts were the only naturalists to exploit the region for land mollusks. Miss Law ' came from distinguished English ancestry. Her par- ents were John and Ann Law, of Carlisle, England. Her uncle, Richard Law, was governor of Malta. Other relatives who rendered services to the State were Chief Justice Lord Ellenborough, the Bishop of Bath and others. The Law family records were destroyed during the Civil War, so that the exact date of Miss Law's birth cannot be ascertained ; but her father, John Law, came to America about 1850, Miss Law being about nine years old at that time. " Mr. Law located some nine miles from the town of Maryville, Blount county, Tenn., a wild, mountainous country, though there was a watering-place about two miles distant where the elite of the South came through the summer for health and rest. Otherwise our neighbors were illiterate. There were no schools or churches, so that our parents were our teachers and companions. My father died in 1852 or '53. During his lifetime on the farm, my sister would ride into Maryville and recite Latin and algebra to Dr. Anderson (the founder of Maryville Theological Seminary) once or twice a week. Then moving into the town, she still continued these studies. She passed the examination for teaching school, and received a certificate at the age of thirteen. Being large for her age, she was given .a school. She was proficient in music and gave lessons. " Through Col. W. G. McAdoo, of Knoxville, she was introduced to Dr. James Lewis, of Mohawk, N. Y., who wished her to collect shells. She had from childhood a taste for shells, mineralogy, ento- mology, botany, in fact everything connected with nature. She began a correspondence with Dr. Lewis about 1868, which continued until his death. She had also a number of other correspondents in America and abroad. " I might write a long story about some of her trips while collecting. After being in California four years, she returned to Tennessee and spent several months there. On one occasion, Dr. Lewis wished some 1 The following account is from data and a biographical sketch furnished by Mrs. Fannie Law Andrews, Miss Law's younger sister. 88 THE NAUTILUS. particular shell from Bald Mountain in the Great Smoky Mountains. She procured a young man friend and two horses, and setting out from Concord, Knox county, went to the top of the Big Bald and procured the shells desired. They had to spend the night there. During the night (here was a terrific thunder-storm far beneath them. She never enjoyed a trip more. Another trip she made in Monroe county was from Jalapa to Telico Plains. The distance was not great, but it was a bitter cold morning, the banks of the river covered with ice. She wore rubber boots, and wading in, got beyond her depth ; but she got the shells. On this trip, I was her com- panion. As there was no house on the side I was on. I followed with bare feet. She suffered very much, not having dry footwear ; but we soon reached a comfortable fire at a friend's, dried our things and were made comfortable. My sister never seemed to think of her own comfort when engaged in the search for shells. Many such exposed trips she made, the effects of which I think undermined her health. " When she returned to California the second time, I was with her. We came by way of Mohawk, N. Y., visited the family of Dr. Lewis, and had the pleasure of seeing his collection. We also made a flying trip to Florida, visiting Jacksonville, St. Augustine, Palatka and Silver Springs. Wherever we were, she collected shells." In California, Miss Law made her home at Watsonville, Santa Cruz county, with her sister, Mrs. Andrews, until her death, January 1'2, 1889. Among the species discovered by her are Gastrodonta acerra, Vit- rinizonites fatissimus, Polygyra chilhoweensis and P, lawi. NOTE ON MUREX MARCOENSIS SOWERBY. HY FKANK COLLINS BAKER. In the Journal of Malacology, volume 7, p. 162, Mr. G. B. Sow- erby has described a Murex marcoensis from Marco, Florida. This form was previously noted by Dr. W. H. Dall and the writer of this note, it being considered by them a color variety of Murex mes- sorius Sowerby. Dr. Dall, in speaking of Murex messorius says (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v. 18, p. 196), "The Florida specimens are often of a deep rose-pink." In Trans. Acad. Sciences, St. THE NAUTILUS. 89 Louis, the writer remarked on p. 377, " Dr. W. H. Dall has char- acterized a variety rubidum, from Cedar Keys, Florida, the shell being of a deep pink color." The writer was in error in stating that Dr. Dall had characterized the variety rubidum, he having simply referred to the rose color. The history of this variety will therefore stand as follows : 1889. Dall : Murex messorius (Sowb.) Reeve, pink variety, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, v. 18, p. 196. 1897. Baker: Murex messorius (Sowb.) Reeve, var. rubidum " Dall," Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, v. 7, p. 377. 1900. Sowerby : Murex marcoensis, Journ. of Malocology, v. 7, p. 162. If the two forms are the same, which I have no reason to doubt, it will stand as Murex messorius var. rubidum Baker. NEW LAND SNAILS FROM SOUTH AMERICA. BY C. F. ANCEY. Porphyrobaphe galactostoma Anc. P. galactostoma Anc. in Bull Soc. Malac. Fr., 1890, p. 153 (juv.). P. yatesi Pfr. var. albolabris Dohrn, in Cat. Staudinger. Testa imperforata, solidula, subglutinosa nitens, oblongo-attenuata, vix lineis incrementi notata, epidermide luteo-virenti induta, fasciis 4 badiis (supera angusta, infera late sed parum distincta), strigis ful- guratis luteis interruptis in ultimo anfractu eximie picta, fasciis 2 superis in anfractibus prioribus conspicuis. Spira conoidea, regu- lariter attenuata, apice obtuso, pallide lutescenti-albo, microscopice punctato-rugoso seu vermiculato. Anfractus 6^ convexiusculi, su- tura linear!, albida, infra linea fusca marginata, ultimus oblongus, ad aperturam breviter ascendens. Apertura subobliqua, inferne dis- tincte recedens, elliptico-oblonga, utrinque angustata, ad basin colu- melloe angulata, nitide lactea, fauce alba. Columella superne late calloso-plicata, postea fere recta, cum basi sinulum latum efficiens, expansa et dilatata. Peristoma candidum, callosum, late expansum et reflexum, nitidum, marginibus callo eximie candido junctis. Long. 78, lat. 33, alt. apert. (oblique cum perist.) 38 mill. Hab. Eastern Peru (fide Staudinger). 90 THE NAUTILUS. This is closely allied to P. sublabeo Anc., P. vicaria Fult., and P. Yatesi Pfr., all from Peru, but is remarkable for its pure white re- flected lip. It was originally described from a juvenile specimen, imperfect in several respects. Porphyrobaphe victor Pfr. I secured an authentic specimen of P. Augusti Jouss. (Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, 1887, p. 1, pi. Ill, h'g. 10), and cannot see that it differs from Pfeiffer's species. BuUmulus Blanfordianus, n. sp. Testa anguste et obtecte rimata, oblongo-attenuata, parum solida, lineis increment! grossiusculis, sub suturam pliculosis, infra et prope aperturam lajvioribus, et striis exilibus, in ultimo anfractu parum conspicuis crebre sculpta, castaneo-fulva, punctulis luteis parvis passim notata, apice nudo, pallide fuscescente. Spira conica, lateri- bus convexis, acutiuscula. Anfractus Gj convexiusculi, ultimus ob- longus, subattenuatus. Apertura distincte obliqua, intus nitide coerulescens, ovalis, supra attenuata. Peristoma simplex, obtusum, margine dextro regulariter convexo, basali rotundato, columellari dilatato, perforationem fere omnino tegenta, adnato, lacteo, dextro et columellari callo ccerulescente junctis. Columella intus pliciformis, spiraliter recedens. Long. 55, lat. 25^, alt. apert. 27| mill. Hab. Iquico, Bolivia, 3500 met. above the sea (fide Fulton). A very large Bulimulus, respectfully dedicated to Mr. W. T. Blanford, the well-known writer on Indian shells. It is closely allied to Bulimulus an'hisanensis Pfr., from Ecuador, but is much larger and more capacious. In that respect it resembles R. wca d' Orb., more than any other species from the same country, but the two species are clearly distinct. A NEW SCISSURELLA FROM PATAGONIA. BY PAUL BARTSCH. Scissurella dalli spec. nov. Shell minute, moderately elevated, whorls increasing uniformly and rapidly in size from the extreme apex to the aperture. Nepionic THK NAUTILUS. 91 Avhorls one and one-half, not enlarged, dextral, translucent, shining, without sculpture. Post-nepionic whorls two, decidedly inflated, with the slit about half way between the suture and the periphery, open only in about one-twelfth of the last turn, marked on the rest as a narrow, moderately deep, depressed groove, which is bounded on each side by a raised thread. The remaining ornamentation of the whorls consists of feeble, raised, equally-spaced, axial riblets, which follow the curve of the outer lip. These riblets are best de- veloped between the suture of the whorls and the slit, becoming en- feebled toward the periphery and quite obsolete on the base. In addition to these, a few ill-defined spiral lirations manifest themselves under high magnification between the suture and the slit. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base rather depressed and somewhat concave toward the umbilical region, marked by the faint continuation of the axial riblets and many ex- ceedingly tine spiral stria?. Umbilicus narrow, deep, bounded by a \veak basal fascicle. Aperture large, broadly pyriform with continu- ous peritreme, posterior angle obtuse, somewhat patulous anteriorly ; outer lip thin ; columella oblique, thin ; parietal wall distinct, re- flected upon the body whorl, partly closing the umbilicus. The type is in the U. S. Nat. Museum collection, No. 171400, and comes from the Gulf of St. George, Patagonia. It measures, long. 0.8 mm., diam. 1.4 mm. GENERAL NOTES. VICRINA DEPOSITING EGGS — You maybe interested to know that on November 8th, and again to-day (November loth), I found Vitrinu limpida Gld., depositing their eggs. The eggs are white, almost round, some of them being slightly pointed at one end, and about 1 mm. in diameter. They are laid in bunches of six or eight, under rotting wood on the ground. In the ten years during which I have been watching this "colony," I have never seen a young shell, but think the eggs are hatched in the early spring, the snails reaching maturity in the autumn. From October to January is their active season, and during those three months they can be found moving around on any pleasant day. Have found them very active when the temperature was below 40° — GEO. H. CLAPI-, EDGEWORTH, PA. 92 THE NAUTILUS. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. MOLLU3KS OF OUR SOUTHEASTERN COAST — The United States National Museum has recently published a reprint of its Bulletin No. 37 : "A preliminary catalogue of the shell-bearing marine mollusks and brachiopods of the southeastern coast of the United States, with illustrations of many of the species," by William Healey Ball. The first edition of this work, published in 1889, having become exhausted, the reprint has been found advisable to meet the requests for copies. The body of the reprint is a verbatim copy of the earlier edition, but the usefulness of the work has been much increased by the addi- tion of 21 new plates, containing 188 figures. It is a classified list of the shell-bearing marine mollusks foil ml bi-tween Cape Hatteras and Mexico. For each species the author has indicated the extreme northern and southern range, and some of the more important intermediate localities ; the range in depth ; the range in time, and its occurrence in Europe, if it be known to occur there. The average length of specimens of part of the species is given. 95 plates, containing many hundreds of excellent figures, illustrate a great many of the species. The reprint is obtainable by those properly entitled to receive it — W. B. M. LIST OF BRITISH NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA — By B. B. Wood ward (Journal of Conchology, x, pp. 352-367, Oct. 1, 1903). British conchologists have been among the most conservative in matters of nomenclature and taxonomy. For many years it seemed that no material innovation from the arrangement in Jeffrey's Brit- ish Conchology could obtain recognition in the non-marine mollusks of the tight little isle. In the last few years all this has been changed. The great progress of malacological science abroad and the i-evival at home, signalized by the formation of the liveliest Malacological Society in the world, has finally lead to the revision of the British list now before us. The general classification followed is that of Fischer, but greatly modified in details of family and generic divisions. A few points of especial interest to American concholo- gists may be mentioned here. The name Vitrea radiatula is pre- ferred to that of V- haminonis. Mr. Woodward concludes that " there is a costate form of Vallonia in America distinct from the Til K NAUTILUS. costate variety of F. pulcheUa present in Britain, and I recommend tliat until it can be demonstrated more conclusively than has at present been done that there are two British species, the costate form be classed as a variety of the typical V, pulcheUa." The name Tachea being preoccupied for a genus of birds, Cepcea Held is substi- tuted. The nomenclature of '• Biiliminus " is discussed, and that name is replaced by Ena of Leach, and the family name is changed to Enidse. Pupa is discussed at length. It appears that that name was first used for species of Actason and Oerion, and finally by Drapernaud for what is now known as Pupa, Mr. Woodward con- cludes that Jaminia Risso, 1826, is the earliest available name for the Pupa muscorum group. In the Basommatophora, Phytia myosotis replaces the familiar Alexia, preoccupied in Coleoptera, and Ovatella takes the place of Leuconia, being earlier. Planorbis alaber J;ffr. is definitely sep- arated from the American P. parvns. Mr. Woodward disputes the propriety of Ball's course in substituting Corneocyclas for Pisiditim, but otherwise the generic nomenclature of bivalves calls for no special comment. Mr. Woodward uses the emended form&''Drei'ssensia," " Vivipara" '' Aplecta" and '" Assemania," a course against the general usage in this country — H. A. PILSBUY. ON SOME MOLLUSCA KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA — By W. S. Blatchley and L. E. Daniels (27 Ann. Rep. Dept. Geology and Nat. Resources of Indiana for 1902). This paper of 100 pp. is supple- mental to the report on Indiana mollusks by Dr. R. E. Call, pub- lished in 1899. Some 92 species are added to the fauna of the State, a large number of them being figured and all described. Some little known or new forms are among those illustrated, such as Succinea calnmetensis Calkins, Limn/za woodruff, Baker, Ancylm shimekii Pils.. Lithasia obovata biconica and Goniobasis indianensis Pils., various Plsidia described recently by Sterki, Lampsilis blatchleyi Daniels, etc., so that the report is of general interest to those studying our inland mollusks. The same Annual Report includes A CHECK LIST OF INDIANA MOLLUSCA WITH LOCALITIES, by L. E. Daniels. 277 species have been ascertained to occur within the .State. 94 THE NAUTILUS. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TERTIARY FAUNA OF FLORIDA. — By Wm. H. Dall. Trans. Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadel- phia, vol. iii, pt. vi. This constitutes the concluding part of Dr. Ball's extensive work. The entire volume (iii) comprising 1654 pages and 60 plates, consti- tuting the most valuable and exhaustive treatise on the American Tertiary fauna ever presented, and forming a work indispensable both to the conchologist and palaeontologist. Parts I and II are devoted to the Gastropoda, and the remaining parts to the Pelecypods, Part III being given up entirely to a new classification of the latter. All the parts as they have appeared have been reviewed in the pages of THE NAUTILUS. The present work takes up the family Veneridtz, with a history of the various generic names employed ; most of the changes in nomen- clature have, however, been noted in the "• Synopsis of the Veneridse" (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi, 335), but this work in many cases covers the ground more thoroughly, giving the complete generic and specific synonomy of many of the recent forms which extend into the tertiary. 41 new species are described. In the family Lucinidse there are 33 new species, and in the Chamidse seven. The subgenus Echinochama Fischer is given gen- eric rank. The family Carditidse is also well represented in the ter- tiary, 18 new species being described. The Cyrenidse contains sev- eral new forms, the section Cyrenodonax Dall., the type of which, C. formosana Dall, n. sp., " Recent in Formosa, at the mouth of the Tamsui River," is described in a foot-note. Miodontopsis is proposed for Miodon Sandberger 1870, not of Carpenter, 1865. 7' geria Roissy is adopted in place of Galatea Brug. (Galathea Lam.) 1803, not Fabr. 1793. Type G. radiata Lam. In regard to the small fresh-water forms usually referred to the Cyrenida, Dr. Dall says: ''While closely related, it seems more convenient to place Sphaerium and Corneocyclas (= Pisidium Pfeif- fer) in a separate family," Sphaeriidce. Crassatellites Kriiger 1823, which supplants CrassateUa^Lnm. 1801, not of Lam. Prodotne 1799, is largely represented in the American tertiary. The recent C.floridana Dall, described from a young shell, proves to be the same as C. ff/bbesit T. & H. Crassinella Guppy is given only subgeneric standing. C. lunulatus Conr. is restricted to the fossil, the recent form being C- mactracea Linsley. THE NAUTILUS. 95 The Astartidse number 22 species, of which seven are new. Gyclas Bruguiere 1798 (1st species Venus islandica Linn.) replaces Cyprina Lam. 1818, and is located with Trapezium and Coralliophaga in the family Pleurophoridse. Pandora carotinensis Bush is considered the same as the Miocene P. arenosa Conr. Laternida Bolten 1798 = Anatina Lam. 1809. To the readers of THE NAUTILUS the many recent changes in nomenclature may, perhaps, be better understood by the following extract from the author's preface : " In the years which have elapsed since this Memoir was begun, the subject of zoological nomenclature has been much discussed and the general consensus of opinion seems to trend towards the acceptance of names for which no diagnosis was originally supplied, provided the species cited under them are identi- fiable. This change from the British Association rules of 1842 is responsible for much unnecessary overturning of formerly accepted names with no visible benefit to science, but since it appears to ex- press the will of the majority, it seems useless to oppose it, and in Parts 1V-VI it has been complied with, except in the case of the anonymous auctioneer's catalogue, known as the ' Museum Calonni- anum.' This compilation from a manuscript of Hwass, edited by Da Costa, and printed for the auctioneer, George Humphrey, has usually been credited to the latter. I confess, my desire to settle the. nomen clature on a firm basis, though great, has not been equal to the ac- ceptance of these anonymous, undefined, worthless names, which would involve the loss of much that is fundamental in the nomencla- ture of mollusks. I still hope that the common sense of naturalists will find a way — if necessary, an arbitrary way — to eliminate this publication from authorized sources of nomenclature. The ' Museum Boltenianum' stands on a different footing, and the principal change which its acceptance involves in the earlier part of this work is the substitution of the name Busycon for the more familiar Fulgur." The part closes with a " Discussion of the Geology," followed by descriptions of the several stages or horizons and lists of the species recognized in each, also a summary in tabular form, showing the re- lations of the faunas to one another. Some idea of the amount of labor involved in preparing this great work may be derived from a foot-note on page 1552 : " It may be of interest to note that during the progress of this work approximately eight thousand three hun- dred and fifty species have been discussed or compared, and eight 96 THE NAUTILUS. hundred and sixty new forms described. More than fifty new group- names, from sections to genera, have been proposed, and more than five times as many reduced to the rank of synonyms as unnecessary or belated. The number of species known at present between the beginning of the Oligocene and the present fauna is between three and four thousand, probably less than half as many as will eventually be obtained and discriminated." The richness of the tertiary fauna is clearly shown by the lists of species, the bed of the Caloosahatchie River alone containing 639 species, of which 48 per cent, are recent and 28 per cent, are peculiar to the bed. From the Chipola beds 333 species are recorded, about one-half being peculiar to it, thirty-five species surviving to the exist- ing fauna. The Oligocene marl of Bowden, Jamaica, is also very productive, thus far yielding 435 species, of which 12 per cent, ap pear to be identical with recent species. — C. W. J. A LIST OK SPECIES OF MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTH AFKICA, form- ing an appendix to G. B. Sowerby's Marine Shells of South Africa. By EDGAR A. SMITH (Proc. Mai. Soc., London, v, 354-402, pi. xv). This valuable fauna list enumerates 390 species, including over 300 species not in Mr. Sowerby's work. Nine species are described as new. The region covered includes only the coasts of Cape Colony and Natal. It may be of interest to know that the so-called Fulgur •africanus Sowb., based on a half-grown shell in poor condition, is a Fusus ; a figure given of the adult shell shows a columellar callus de- tached from the whorl at the lower part, forming an umbilical rimation — C. W. J. DESCRIPTIONS OF SIXTY-EIGHT NEW GASTROPODA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, GULF OF OMAN, AND NORTH ARABIA SEA. By JAS. COSMO MKLVILL and ROBT. STANDEN. (Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. xii, pp. 289-324, pi. xx-xxiii.) This paper contains some very interesting forms, among them two species of the genus Homalaxis, a species of Scissurel/a, one Kleinella, and a Fluxinu. All of the species are excellently figured — C. W. J. THE NAUTILUS. Vox,. XVII. JANUARY, 19O4. No. 9. GUNDLACHIA AND ANCYLUS. BY WM. H. DALL. During the last ten years I have frequently announced to acquaint- ances and assistants interested in conchology, my belief in certain propositions hitherto unsupported by proof, bearing on the so-called genus Gundlachia, viz : 1. That Gundlachia is merely an Ancyhis which has under favor- able circumstances been able to form a calcareous epiphragm and survive the winter, which ordinarily kills the great mass of individ- uals, and, while retaining the shell of the first year, to secrete an en- larged and somewhat discrepant shell during its second summer. 2. That not all Ancyli necessarily have the ability to do this, but the practice may have developed in certain small species ; and in tropical regions where the dry season takes the place of winter it is possible that survival may become more or less habitual with some of these species, though evidence of this is still needed. On no other hypothesis could I account for the fact that single specimens, or a small lot of specimens on a single occasion (after a specially favorable season ?), of Gundlachia have been reported from .various parts of the world and described as species, but which no- body has been able to find a second time or in any considerable numbers. Also that the young Gundlachia cannot be distinguished from an Ancyhis and usually resembles some common species of Ancylus of the same ponds in which the Gundlachia appears ; while the only species which have been repeatedly collected as Gundlachia 98 THE NAUTILUS. come from tropical or southern countries. There is nothing dis- tinctive in the radula or soft parts of Gundlachia, as far as yet ob- served, to separate it from the analogous Ancylus. A paper which, for the first time, brings to bear on this hypo- thesis facts which seem to render it sufficiently acceptable to publish, has been contributed by Erland Nordenskiold to the Zoologische Anzeiger, XXVI, pp. 590-593, July, 1903, with seventeen figures. In this paper to which the reader may profitably refer, a process such as my hypothesis assumes is fully illustrated in Ancylus mori- candi d'Orbigny, from the Chaco region of Brazil, up to the point of the completion of the epiphragm and the determination of the identity of the forms bearing it with the typical first year Ancylus. The formation of the second-year shell or Gundlachia by these indi- viduals, alone remains to be demonstrated to establish the hypothesis as a fact. NOTES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE SHELLS OF UNIO. BY L. S. FRIERSON. The shells of Unio are slated by most authors to be composed of three layers, known as the " epidermis," the " columnar " or " pris- matic " layer, and the " nacreous," or simply called the " nacre." As a matter of fact, however, these shells are composed of four layers, the nacre being composed of two distinct layers. These may be readily noted in a polished section of some thick-shelled species, and especially if a species be chosen, such as Obovaria retusa Lamarck, showing the two layers in different colors. A clearer idea of the two layers may be obtained if the secreting " mantle " be studied. This part of the animal, though called by a single name " mantle " really is composed of two distinct portions, and should have two names. That portion extending from the beaks to the pallial line is thin, and one is tempted to say structureless, while from the pallial line to the margin, it is thickened, and plentifully supplied with nerves and muscles. The extreme edge of this is thickened, and secretes both the epidermal and columnar layers. From this edge to the pallial line is secreted a layer of nacreous material which may be called the extra-pallial layer. If a section of any thick-shelled species be made, it can easily be seen that the THE NAUTILUS. 99 elements of growth of this layer are diagonal to the general surface of the shell. From the pallia! line to the beaks is deposited the fourth, or intra-pallial layer — the elements of which are parallel to the general surface. The sectionized shell will show the extra- pallial layer wedge-shaped, with the apex at beak, and base occupy- ing the distance from the pallial line to the margin, while the intra- pallial layer is also wedge-shaped, with its apex at the pallial line. Because the pallial line is composed of very many small muscle- scars disposed in a line, if the two layers could be separated, a sur- face would be exposed " radially ridged." Sometimes, by decay, this separation is effected, partially, near the beaks, and the " false beaks " so exposed are strikingly " radially ridged " — so much so as to deceive an expert like Dr. L^a. If a thick-shelled Unio like Quadrula trigona be burnt, this structure can be very readily demon- strated. It is not impossible that this appearance of decayed or fossilized Unios has given rise to the opinion, as stated by Mr. Chas. T. Simp- son, that the primeval Unios were provided with " radial beak- sculpturing." The difficulty experienced by every collector of ob- taining living shells showing beak-sculpturing, and the a priori im- probability of fossil shells retaining this very perishable character, lends an air of probability to the above theory, which may be further strengthened by the curious fact that no North American Unio re- tains the slightest tendency to show their beaks so sculptured. LAND SHELLS OF MX. DESERT, MAINE. BY H. S. COLTON. On Mt. Desert Island last summer I found land shells in six local- ities. At Hall's Quarries I found Zonitoides arboreus near the shore at the edge of the woods. From Seal Harbor I received Vitrea ham- monis Strom, Pyramiduia striatella Anth., Helicodiscus lineatus Say and Carychium exiguum Say. At Coryledge point under boards within a yard or two of the place where the beach began, I found 100 THE NAUTILUS. Pupa muscorum in untold numbers, CochUcopa lubrica Mull, Vilrea hammonis Strom, Zonitoides arboreus Say and Succinea obliqua Say. At Southwest Harbor Village, under planks, by the road-side I found: Vitrea hammonis Strom. Vertigo ventricosa Morse. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Sphyrudium edendulum Drap. Zonitoides milium Morse. CochUcopa lubrica Mull. Vitrina limpida Gld. Pyramidula striateila Anth. Euconulus fulvus Mull. Vallonia excentrica Sterki. Strobilops labyrinthica Say. The great majority of the species that I found were in Sea Wall and McKinley Villages. These two villages were about three miles apart. Here the conditions were the same. New board-walks were being built along the road and the planks of the old one were thrown into the gutter and into the adjoining fields. I found the following under these boards or in the grass near the boards : Sea Wall Village. McKinley Village. Vallonia excentrica Sterki, abun. Vollonia excentrica Sterki. Pupa muscorum L., abundant. Vertigo ventricosa Morse. CochUcopa lubrica Mull, abun. CochUcopa lubrica Mull. Vitrina limpida Gld. abun. Vitrina liinpida Gld. Vitrea hammonis Strom. Vitrea hammonis Strom. Euconulas fulvus Mull. Euconulus fulvus Mi.il!. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Zonitoides exiguus Stimp. Agriolimax agrestis L. Agriolimax compeafris Binn. Agriolimax compestris Binn. Pyramidula striateila Anth. Pyramidula striateila Anth. Helicodiscus lineatus Say. Helicodiscits Jineatus Say. Succinea obliqua Say. Succinea obJiqua Say. Succinea avara Say. Succinea avara Say. Acan/hiuula harpa Say. Acanthimila harpa Say. I visited a number of islands but explored only a few carefully. I spent an hour on the evergreen woods of Suttons and found a few Zonitoides arboreus Say. An hour on Baker's Island, an hour on Black Island and six hours on Little Goat's Island, revealed me noth- ing. On Little Ram Island, a rock about a hundred feet long cov- ered with about three feet of soil which supports a number of dead spruce trees, I got Zonitoides arboreus and Succinea obliqua under some dead wood. On Greening's Island, where I lived and explored THE NAUTILUS. 101 most carefully, I discovered two specimens of Succinea avara Say under a board in a swamp. On Little Cranberry Island, under boards near the woods, I found : Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. Agriolimax compestris Binn. Vitrea hammonis Strom. Pyramidula striatella Anth. Euconulus fulvus Mill I. Succinea avara Say. With the exception of the places where the board-walk was be- ing repaired, land shells were the most plentiful on great Cranberry Island. The island is shaped like the letter G and is about four miles long. I explored the western part of the island or the back of the G most carefully. The western shore is composed of ledges of solid rock behind which lies an extensive bog. Where the rock wall is low the surf has built " sea walls " by piling up cobblestones, making a steep beach back of which lies the swamp. This swamp and the higher places near the shore are covered with grass, on top of which the sea in times of storm has cast old planks, stumps, boxes and all kinds of rubbish. It was under these that the shells were found. There was one exception however. Pyramidula alternata Say, I found under stones. I found them within a foot of where the vegetation ended and the rocks began that went down to the sea. Indeed all the species enumerated below were found within twenty feet of the beach. Sprinkled through the grass are the shells of Buccinum nndatum, Littorina and Mytilus edulis. Some have been washed up, others have been carried by the crows and gulls. It has been suggested that it is owing to the abundance of calcium carbon- ate in the soil due to these decomposing shells that land shells are so very abundant at the edge of the sea. Vullonia costata Mull. Agriolimax compestris Binn. Pupa muscornm L. Pyramidula alternata Say. Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. Pyramidula striatella Anth. Vitrea hammonis Strom. Helicodiscus lineatns Say. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Succinea obliqua Say. Euconulus fulvus Mull. Little Duck Island lies about eight miles to the southward of Mt. Desert and is the most isolated that I visited. It is about a half a mile in diameter and is half covered with a dense growth of woods, principally spruce. Half is bare of trees and is covered with coarse grass, granite ledges out-cropping here and there. Between the woods and the field there is an area of trees. It was here under 102 THE NAUTILUS. sticks that I found nearly everything. I did however find Zonitoides arboreus Say and two specimens of Helix hortensis and P. alternata Say away from any trees. A year ago Succinea obliqua was found in great abundance around a spring, but I did not notice them there this year. This year I found them in the area of dead wood. Pupa muscorum L. Helix hortensis Mull ! Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. Pyramidula alternata Say. Euconulus fnlvus Mull. Pyramidula striatella Anth. Zonitoides arboreus Say. Helicodiscus lineatus Say. Vitrea hammonis Strom. Succinea obliqua Say. NEW LAND SNAILS FKOM SOUTH AMERICA. BT C. F. ANCEY. Bulimulus ephippium Anc. Testa anguste et profunde perforate (perforatio supra columellari margine obtecta), conoideo-ovata, tenuissima, papyracea, sericea, parum micans, pallide fulvo-lutea, concolor, obsolete et oblique pli- culosa, plicis parum regularibus. Spira regulariter conoidea, apice obtusiusculo, microscopice spiraliter striato atque longitudinaliter un- dulato. Anfractus 6 convexiusculi, sutura impressa, ultimus amplus, initio vix subangulatus, subattenuatus, antice leniter et longiuscule deflexus. Apertura ovata, superne subattenuata et angulata. Per- istoma tenue, brevissime expansiusculum, hand reflexum, margine columellari late in trianguli forma dilatato, callo parietali nullo. Long. 20^, diam. 12, alt. apert. (oblique) 11^ mill. Hab. Bahia, Brazil (teste H. Fulton). This is a member of the Eudioptus section. Bulimulus goniotropis, n. sp. Testa angustissime perforata, pyramidata, fulvo-cornea, concolor, tenuis, microscopice et confertim spiraliter impressa, striis vix per- spicuis, haud profunde incisis, lineis incrementi obliquis subnotato, nitidula. Spira regulariter conica, producta, lateribus rectis, apice sat minuto, oblique et flexuose costulato et striis microscopicis spira- libus sculpto. Anfractus 7 planiusculi, regulariter crescentes, sntura appressa linea impressa marginata divisi, ultimus medio angulatus, infra convexo-declivis, supra angulurn vix convexus. Apertura ob- T1IK NAUTILUS. 103 liqua, emarginato-ovalis, extus baud angulata. Perisloma stibin- crassatum. Undique breviter patens, ad basin et colurnellam magis dilatato-expansum, marginibus distantibus, supero strictiusculo, colu- mellari supra perforationem in trianguli forma reflexo. Long. 2 those of the spire convex and separated by a well-impressed suture ; body whorl large, gibboiisly convex, Aperture sub-circular, rather longer than broad, obtusely angled above and slightly flattened along the basal margin. Colu- mella concave, narrowly reflected ; colurnellar callus, moderately heavy, rounded, reflected over but not concealing the round, deep umbilicus, thin and transparent on the parietal wall. Alt. 3, diam. 3 mm. Coosa river at Wetumpka, Ala. -(type locality), also at Fort Wil- liams Shoals above Farmer, Ala. This species is remarkable for its depressed, valvata-like form and round, deep umbilicus, which readily differentiates it from all other known species of the genus. It does not appear to be very abundant at AVetumpka, and only a single example was collected at Fort Wil- liams Shoals. Somatogyrus coosaensis n. sp. PI. v, figs. 6 and 7. Shell small, globose, imperforate, light yellow, smooth, with very fine lines of growth. Spire very short, apex obtuse. Whorls 3^, rapidly increasing, those of the spire but slightly convex and sepa- rated by a very shallow suture ; body-whorl inflated, large and convex. Aperture large, very oblique, expanded and well rounded above, obliquely flattened at the base. Columella concave, with a heavy, flat callus, which entirely covers the umbilicus, but rapidly attenuates above the axis ; parietal wall with a thin transparent callus. Lip simple, the upper extremity projected along the body whorl at its insertion, at which point it is abruptly curved in to meet the parietal wall and rapidly drawn back below, forming a decided angle where it unites with the base of the columella. Alt. 3^, diam. 4 mm. Coosa river at Wetumpka, Ala. (type locality), also five miles above Wetumpka, and at Fort Williams Shoals above Farmer, Ala. Very abundant at the first two localities, but only a single specimen was taken at the last. This species is about the size of S. currier- ianus (Figs. 8 and 9) to which it is closely related, but differs in the less elevated spire, slightly impressed suture, regularly rounded body 138 THE NAUTILUS. whorl, which is not shouldered as in that species, and in the decided angle at the junction of the columella with the basal lip. The bright honey-yellow color is eminently characteristic. It resembles young specimens of S. crassus, but differs in the particulars stated in con- nection with that species. Somatogynts obtusus n. sp. PL v, fig. 10. Shell small, globular, narrowly umbilicate, greenish white, smooth, shining. Spire very short, apex obtuse. Whorls 3-|, those of the spire convex and slightly shouldered, separated by a well impressed suture, body whorl large, globosely convex. Aperture subcircular, rounded above, obtusely angulate below. Lip simple, meeting the body whorl at nearly right angles at its insertion on the parietal wall, expanded below and somewhat thickened within along the basal margin. Columella concave, narrowly reflected : columellar callus not very heavy, and rounded; parietal wall covered with a thin transparent callus. Umbilicus distinct, narrow, somewhat con- tracted by the reflected columellar lip. Alt. 3, diam. 3 mm. Coosa river, just above the railroad bridge at Farmer, Ala. Only eight examples of this distinct, little form were obtained, but they are very uniform, varying only in size. S. obtusus differs from nearly all the Coosa river forms in the narrow, rounded columellar callus and distinct umbilicus. In this respect it is allied to the species of the Tennessee and Ohio drainage, grouping around S. integer, but differs from them all in the obtuse apex, globular form and the decided angle at the junction of the columella with the basal lip. Somatogyrus crassus n. sp. PI. v, figs. 11 and 12. Shell small, globose, very solid, imperforate, light greenish yellow, smooth, lines of growth very fine. Spire short, apex obtuse. Whorls about 4, those of the spire slightly convex, suture well im- pressed. Body whorl large, somewhat gibbous and swollen above. Aperture large, rounded above, somewhat flattened basally and ob- tusely angled at the junction of the lip with the columella. Lip simple, thickened within, by a deposit of callus. Columella con- cave, with a heavy, flat callus which extends from one extremity to the lip of the other, and entirely covers the umbilicus. Alt. (apex eroded) 4.25, diam. 4.25 mm. Coosa river at Wetumpka, Ala. (type locality), also five miles above Wetumpka. THE NAUTILUS. 139 Only a single adult specimen was found. But quite a number of half-grown individuals occurred. This species differs from all the others known from the Coosa, except S. georgianus, in the solid shell, heavy columellar callus, thickened lip and in the inflation of the upper part of the body whorl. In these respects it resembles S. georgiamts, but differs in size and in being imperforate, lacking the axial groove, less gibbous, and more globose. The apex is eroded in all the specimens so that the exact number of whorls could not be determined. The immature shells are about the size of S. coosaensis and somewhat resemble that species, but differ in the thicker shell, color, smaller and more regularly rounded aperture, which is scarcely angled at the base, the upper extremity of the lip is also less curved in at its insertion. Somatoyyrns georyianus n. sp. PI. v, fig. 13. Shell globose, turbinate, perforate, thick, .solid, light greenish- yellow, smooth, except for fine growth lines. Spire short, obtuse. Whorls about four, those of the spire convex with a well-impressed suture, body-whorl large, very convex and inflated above. Aperture large, obtusely-angled above and broadly-rounded below. Columella concave with a very heavy, narrow callus, \vhich extends to the upper insertion of the lip and is adnate to the body whorl only at its upper end, and below the narrow umbilicus is separated from the body whorl by a deep axial groove. Lip simple, but thickened within, its insertion on the parietal wall is below the periphery. Alt. (apex eroded) 5, diam. 4^ mm. Chattanooga river, Chattanooga Co., Ga. (type locality), also Tennessee river, Cahawba river and Alabama river, Ala. (Lewis Coll.). A couple of indifferent specimens have been in my possession for several years, which were found among some Pleuroceridss collected by R. E. Call. A larger suite in Mr. Hinkley's collection from the same source, and three lots from the Lewis collection have served to confirm the distinctness of the form. This species resembles S. sar- genti (pi. v, fig. 14) in the inflation of the upper part of the body whorl, but differs in lacking the shoulder characteristic of that species and in the peculiar formation of the columella, which is unlike that of any other species except S. pumihis Con. and S. trotht's Doh. It also resembles S. crassns, hut is larger, the bodv whorl more elong- 140 THE NAUTILUS. ated and more inflated above and has an entirely different form of colurnellar lip. Dr. Pilsbry has kindly compared some of the Ten- nessee river specimens with the unique type of Conrad's pumilus,i\i\d writes that while pumiius has the same peculiar axial groove, it is smaller (alt. 3.9, diam. 3 mm.), different in color and has the aperture more oblique. Doherty's species is smaller, about the size of S. in- teger, and has the axial groove only slightly developed. The three species, however, form a natural group more closely related to each other than to the other species in the genus. Many of the specimens in the Lewis collection have the aperture rather more expanded below than in the typical form. This species is apparently ovoviviparous. In four out of fifteen examples in the lot from the Tennessee river, young shells of about 2^ whorls and about 1^ mm. in height and breadth were found lodged behind the opercula of the adults in various degrees of extrusion. In two cases the young shells dropped out in the cleaning process, the outer edge of the operculum being forced out of its normal position to allow the passage of the young. In the other two, the young are further within the shell and the operculum is set in nearly its usual position. An interesting monstrosity, which apparently belongs to this species, occurred in the lot from the Cahawba river. Nearly the whole of the body whorl is encircled at the periphery by a strong carina. It appears from beneath the upper insertion of the lip and continues around the whorl about three-fourths of the circumference, when it rapidly subsides and entirely disappears before the lip is reached. There is no trace of it on the upper whorls that remain. The axial groove is bounded on the inner side by a sharp angle, which merges into the edge of the lip at the base. Somatogyrus pennsylvanicus n. sp. PI. v, figs. 15 and 16. Shell small, obtusely conic, narrowly umbilicate, sometimes im- perforate, light horn-color, smooth, with very fine growth-lines. Spire elevated, apex obtuse. Whorls about 4^, convex, slightly flattened toward the suture, which is well impressed. Aperture ovate, less than half the length of the shell, angled above and rounded below, slightly flattened along the basal lip. Columella nearly straight with a rather heavy, but narrow, rounded callus, which is thin and trans- parent in the parietal wall. Umbilicus a mere chink or entirely covered by the callus deposit. Lip simple, somewhat thickened within, especially on the basal part. Alt. 3|, diam. 2^ mm. TIIK NAUTILUS. 141 Columbia, I'a. About tliirty specimens of tliis amnicola-sliaped species were in (lie collection of tlie late Dr. G. A. Lothrop,, labelled Amnicola decisa, but unfortunately with no indication from whom they were obtained. The large number of species from that locality in the collection would indicate that Dr. Lothrop had been in correspondence with some col- lector residing in that vicinity. At first sight, it would be taken for an Amnicola, but the columellar callus is decisive on its generic posi- tion, which is confirmed by the allied S. virginicus and by Mr. Hinkley's discovery of a somewhat similar elevated form (S. Irink- teyi) in the Coosa. It is similar in shape to that form, but is smaller, the whorls more rounded, the columellar callus is narrower and rounded, and there is no decided angle at the junction of the basal lip with the columella. In shape it resembles also somewhat S. virginicus but differs in the particulars pointed out in connection with that species. Somatogyrus virginicus n. sp. PI. v, figs. 17, 18 and 19. Shell small, globosely conic, imperforate, light greenish-yellow, smooth, shining, lines of growth very fine. Spire elevated, obtusely conic. Whorls about 4, those of the spire convex, with a well- impressed suture, body whorl subglobose, regularly convex. Aper- ture ovate, angled above and broadly rounded below. Umbilical region impressed, but covered by a rather broad, rounded columellar callus which becomes thinner and transparent on the parietal wall. Columella nearly straight. Lip thin and sharp. Alt. (fig. 18) 3|, diam. 3 mm. Alt. (fig. 17) 3^, diam. 2^ mm. Barnard's Ford, Rapidan R., Va. (W. J. "Fairer Coll.) This species in its elevated form resembles S. pennsylvanicus, and the two with S. hinkleyi form a natural group quite distinct in shape from all the other known species. It differs from the latter in its smaller size, more convex body whorl and narrow, rounded colu- mellar callus, and from the former in being somewhat larger, less solid, more globose, thin lip, color and especially in the impressed umbilical area, which is one of the most distinctive specific charac- ters. Like many of the Amnicolte, there are two forms represented in the series, one being decidedly more slender than the other as shown by the figures, otherwise they are entirely similar. This is probably a sexual difference, but has not been observed in any other species of this genus. 142 THE NAUTILUS. Somatogyrus pilsbryanus n. sp. PI. v, figs. 20 and 21. Shell small, gibbous-globose, scarcely perforate, rather thin, light yellow-horn colored, smooth, lines of growth very fine. Spire short, conic, obtuse. Whorls 3^, those of the spire convex, separated by a well-impressed suture, body whorl large, very convex, gibbous. Aperture large, widely ovate, obtusely angled above and regularly rounded below. Umbilical region impressed. Umbilicus a mere chink. Columella concave, with a heavy, flat callus, which becomes thin and transparent on the parietal wall. Alt. 3, diam. 3 mm. Tallapoosa river, Tallassee, Ala. This is another of the new species discovered by Mr. Hinkley. It occurred quite abundantly and is a well marked and distinct form. It is related to S. parvuhis, Tryon (PI. v, figs. 22 and 23), in gen- eral appearance, but differs in the wide, gibbous body whorl, more obtuse apex and in the heavy, flat, columellar callus, S. parvuhis being more acutely conical, with the body whorl regularly rounded and with a narrow, rounded, columellar callus. Dr. Pilsbry has kindly compared it with the types of Tryon's species and concurs in its specific distinctness. I take great pleasure in naming it after him. A NEW SUBSPECIES OF POLYGYRA TEIDENTATA. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Polygyra tridentata discoidea n. subsp. The shell is larger than tridentata^ more depressed, the spire usually nearly flat. Whorls 5^, closely and sharply striate. Umbili- cus more widely expanding at its opening, showing more of the pre- ceding whorl. The aperture is more or less " dished," the parietal tooth directed towards the upper lip-tooth, which while varying somewhat in shape has a tendency to be rather wide and flat-topped. The lower lip-tooth is more acute, both being strictly marginal. Alt. 9^, diam. 201 mm. Alt. 8, diam. 19 mm. Alt. 8-5, diam. 18^ mm. Charleston Landing, Clarke Co., Southern Indiana. Cotypes in coll. A. N. S. P. and of L. E. Daniels. During a recent visit, Mr. G. H. Clapp called my attention to the form of P. tridentata found around Cincinnati, and widely known in THE NAUTILUS. 143 collections. A recent sending from Mr. L. E. Daniels of the same race from a point further down the Ohio valley is made the occasion for describing it. The subspecies seems to be a characteristic and abundant form along the lower Ohio river, its range southwestward as well as up the river still remaining to be ascertained. It resembles the large P. tridentata complanuta in shape, but is in- variably sharply striate and does not reach so large a size. DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW TERTIARY FOSSILS. BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON. Cancellaria rape/la n. sp. Shell very fragile, spire but slightly elevated, depressed and ex- cavated near the suture, with three and one-half whorls including the protoconch, the latter smooth and consisting of one and one-half whorls ; body whorl with about twenty- five spiral ridges, those on the central portion flattened and obsoletely grooved, lines of growth prominent and on the spire give the interstices between the spirals a punctated ap- pearance; columella with two promi- nent folds and a slight umbilical rimation. Length, 29 mm. Miocene, Magnolia, Dauphin Co., North Carolina. One specimen of this delicate shell was found while cleaning the marl from the interior of a large Busycon maxima var. tritonis Conr., collected by Mr. Joseph Willcox. It is related to C. venusta Tuomey and Holmes, but the shell is much thinner, spire less elevated and excavated near the suture. Type in the museum of the Wagner Free Insti- tute of Science, Philadelphia. Lineariaf divaricata n. sp. Shell very thin, compressed, nearly equilateral, umbones smooth, CANCELLARIA RAPELLA. 144 THE NAUTILUS. from which extend upwards of sixty radial ribs, those of the anterior and posterior divaricating toward their respective margins, a few of the upper ones curving upward to the hinge line, the larger ribs frequently forked near the mar- gin, lines of growth quite promi- nent. Length 15, alt. 8, diam. 4 mm. Eocene (Lower Claiborne), Berryman's place, two miles northeast of Alto, Cherokee Co., Texas. Type in the Lea collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (Ace. no. 9706). This interesting specimen represents both valves intact, the matrix filling the interior is quite hard and the shell so thin that an attempt to develop the hinge would undoubtedly destroy the specimen. I can therefore only refer it doubtfully to the genus Linearia until more material is obtained. LINEAHIA mVAKiCATA. GENERAL NOTES. OCCURRENCE OF ZINC IN FULGUR — In Science for January 29, 1904, P. 196, Mr. Harold C. Bradley, of Yale University, states that : " In the course of an investigation on the chemical physiology of certain invertebrates, undertaken under the direction of Dr. Lafay- ette B. Mendel, it was found that the ash of the hepatopancreas of the large carnivorous gastropod Sycotypus canaliculatus contains an element hitherto unobserved in such connection, namely zinc * * * samples of ash from Sycotypus canaliculatus gave approximately eleven per cent, and twelve per cent, respectively of ZnO." " At the same time qualitative examinations were made of speci- mens dredged from various parts of Long Island Sound about New Haven and in all cases zinc was found in large quantities in the ash of Sycotypus and Fulgur carica * * * The significance of this unique occurence of zinc in the economy of Sycotypus and Fulgur ia still to be determined, as is the nature of the combination in which it exists. These points, together with the distribution of the element in other marine forms about the Sound, are at present being in- vestigated." THE SENIOR EDITOR OF THE NAUTILUS is on a collecting trip through Florida and Cuba. He will return the latter part of April. * •• MBL WHOI LIBRARY UH 17UK N