THE NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS VOL XXIIL MAY. 1909, to APRIL, 1910. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS : H A. PiLSBRY, Curator of the Dernrtment of MoUusca, Academy of Natural Scicncci, PHILADEI-PHIA. C. W. Johnson, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural HistoiT, Boston. ^ ^4 INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XXIIL INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES. Aeolidiella pupillosa 36 Aldabra, the land mollusca of 69 Alvania bakeri Bartsch, n. sp 137 Amnicola crosseana Pils., n. sp. (PI. 9, fig. 6) 98 Amnicolidae of the Panuco River system, Mexico 97 Anodonta dakota Frierson, n. sp. (PI. 10) 113 Astarte newtonensis Aldr., n. sp. (PI. 11, fig. 2, 3) 121 Auriculella 122 Bela blaneyi Bush, n. sp. fig. 1) 61 Bela ineisula Verrill 62 Bergh, Ludwig Rudolph Sophus (Obituary) 72 Bermuda, a new land shell from 63 Bermuda, a new Rissoa from. 65 Bifidaria armifera Say, and its varieties 52 Bifidaria armifera var. abbreviata Sterki, n. v 53 Bifidaria armifera var. affinis Sterki, n. v 53 Bifidaria armifera var. interpres Sterki, n. v 53 Bifidaria armifera var. similis Sterki, n. v 53 Binney, William G 60 Britts, Dr. John H 120 Bronx Borough, New York, fresh water fossils of 10 California, Mollusca of San Bernardino County 73 Carinifex sanctaeclarse Hannibal, n. sp. (fossil) 40 (iii) iv THE NAUTILUS. Cepolis alauda cymatia Henderson, n. subsp. (PI. 4, fig. 4) 51 Chondropoma hendersoni Torre, n. sp. (PI. 4, fig. 6) 49 Coehliopa compaeta Pils., n. sp. (PI. 9, figs. 4, 5) 99 Cochliopa picta Pils., n. sp. (PL 9, figs. 1, 2) 100 Coehliopa riograndensis Pils. & Ferr 99 Conchological museum for Japan 124 Coryphella rufibranchiatus chocolata Balch, n. var 33 Coryphella rufibranchiatus mananensis 35, 37 Cratena veronieae Verrill 36 Cuban land-shells, description of new 49, 50 Cypraea tigris, deformed (Pis. 7, 8) 85 Dohrn, Prof. Anton 84 Elasmias Pils, n. gen 122 Eramericiella Pils., n. subg 45 Emmericia (Emmericiella) longa Pils., n. sp. (PI. 5, figs. 11,12) 46 Emmericia (Emmericiella) novimundi Pils., n. sp. (PI. 5, figs. 9, 10) 46 Essex County notes, [Mass.] 86 Ferguson, Collection 44s Ford, John (obituary and portrait) 126 Frenchman's Bay, Maine, list of shells from 62 Grand Canyon of the Colorado 109 Helicina orbiculata clappi Pils., n. subsp 90 Helicina torrei Henderson, n. sp. (PI. 4, figs. 1-3 50 Holospira bartschi, an internal septum in 32 Homalogyra atomus in Rhode Island 83 Kaliella aldabraensis 69 Kaliella turbinata Gulick 64 Kansas, mollusks from 91 Kansas, the mollusca of Douglas County 81, 94 Lamellidea Pils., n. sect 123 Lamellovum Pils., n. sect 123 Lartetia Bgt 47 Leptogyra alaskana Bartsch, n. sp 136 Linter, Miss J. E 84 Lymnaea cubensis aspirans Pils., n. subsp 120 Lymnaea nashotahensis Baker, n. sp. (fossil) 19 THE NAUTILUS. V Lymnaea stagnalis lillianae Baker, n. var 112, 125 Lymnaea umbilicata, range of 80 Maeroeeramus hendersoni Torre, n. sp. (PI. 4, fig. 5) . . . 49 Mexico, Mollusks from northeastern 45 Mitra (Chrysame) waltonensis Aldr. n. sp. (PI. 11, fig. 1) 121 Mitsukuri, Dr. Kakichi 120 Musculium parvum Sterki, n. sp 67 Museulium, observations and notes on 17 Musculium winkleyi Sterki, n. sp 66 Nudibranchs, notes on New England 33 Nudibranchs, rectification of the nomenclature 100 Odostomia (Evalea), cookeana Bartsch, n. sp 138 Odostomia (Evalina) katherinae Winkley, n. sp. (Fig.). 88 Odostomia sulcosa 62 Oklahoma, mollusks from 91 Olivella porteri Dall, n. sp 133 Onoba asser Bartsch, n. sp 138 Pachypoma lithophorum Dall, n. sp 135 Paehypoma magdalena Dall, n. sp 135 Paladilhia Bgt 47 Paludestrina protea Gould 78 Parreysia, Systematic position of 139 Pisidium marci Sterki, n. sp 42 Planorbis bicarinatus Say. (PI. 1, fig, 3) 21 Planorbis bicarinatus var. augistomus Hald. (PI. 1, figs. 4, 5) 4 Planorbis bicarinatus var. aroostookensis Pils. (PI. 1, figs. 1, 2) 7 Planorbis bicarinatus var. corrugatus Currier, (PI. 1, fig. 10) 5 Planorbis bicarinatus var. percarinatus Walk., n. n. (PI. 1, fig. 12) 6 Planorbis bicarinatus var. portagensis Baker, (PI. 1, fig. 9) 8 Planorbis bicarinatus var. royalensis Walk., n. v. (PI. 1, fig. 11) 9 Planorbis bicarinatus var. striatus Baker 7 Vi THE NAUTILUS. Planorbis bicarinatus var. unicarinatus Hald., (PI. 1, figs. 6, 8) 3 Poniaulax turbanicus Dall, n. sp 134 Planorbis binneyi Tryon, note on 41 Pterides Pils., n. gen 47 Pterides bisinulabris Pils., n. sp. (PI. 5, figs. 7, 8) 48 Pterides pterostoma Pils., n. sp. (PI. 5, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6) . . . 48 Pterides rhabdus Pils., n. sp. (PI. 5, figs. 3, 4) 48 Pyramidellidae, New England 39 Pyramidellidge, more notes of the family 54 Pyramidella (Sulcorinella) bartschi Winkley, n. sp. (fig.) 39 Ptissoa (Nodulus) stewardsoni Van., n. sp. (Fig. 1) 65 Siphonaria lineolata Sowb 132 Siphonaria naufragum Stearns 132 Somatogyrus mexicanus Pils., n. sp. (PI. 9, fig. 3) 98 Sphaerium lineatum Sterki, n. sp 142 Stearns, Dr. R. E. C. (Obituary and portrait) 70 Strobilops floridana Pils., n. sp 90 Squid, suckers from the big (figs. 1-4) 43, 83 Tornatellinidas, classification of 122 Tornatellides Pils., n. gen 123 Tornatellaria Pils., n. sect 123 Unionidae, a new system of the 114 Unionidae from an Indian garbage heap 11 Unionidae from Arkansas and Louisiana 102 Variation 15 Valvatida3 of Western North America 104 Valvata calli Hannibal, n. sp 107 Valvata whitei Hannibal, n. sp 107 Valvata humeralis Say 105 Valvata virens Tryon 106 Veronicella nilotica Cockerell, n. sp 108 Viviparus contectus in Philadelphia 60 Whiteaves, Joseph F. (Obituary) 84 Zonitoides hermudensis Pils. & Van., (Fig. 1) 63 THE NAUTILUS. Vll INDEX TO AUTHORS. Aldrieh, T. H 121 Baily, Jr., J. D 60 Baker, F. C 19, 41, 80, 91, 112, 125 Balch, F. N 33, 100 Bartsch, Paul 54, 136 Berry, S. S 73, 129 Blake, J. H 43, 83 Blaney, Dwight 62 Bush, Katharine J 61 Cockerell, T. D. A 108 Ball, AV. H 70, 133, 144 Ferriss, J. H 109 Frierson, L. S 113 Gwyer, C. Da3d;on 44 Hand, E. E 120 Hanna, G. D 81, 94 Hannibal, Harold 40, 104 Henderson, Jr., J. B 50 Hirase, Y 124 Humphreys, E. W 10 Morse, E. S 83 Ortmann, A. E 11, 114, 139 Pilsbry, H. A 32, 45, 63, 85, 89, 97, 120, 122, 126, 132 Smith, Maxwell 69, 108 Sterki, V 17, 42, 52, 66, 142 Torre, Carlos de la 49 Vanatta, E. G ^ 63, 102 Walker, Bryant 1, 21 Winkley, H. W 12, 39, 68, 86 THE NAUIILUS, XXIIl PLATE I 10 11 12 PLANORBIS BICARINATUS AND ITS SUBSPECIES. The Nautilus. Vol. XXIII. MAY, 1909. No. 1. NOTES ON PLANORBIS II : P. BICARINATUS. BT BRYANT WALKER. Planoebis BICARINATUS Say. PI. I, fig. 3. 1817. Planorbis bicarinatus Say, Nich. Encyc, pi. i, f. 4. 1822. Helix angulata Rackett, Lin. Tr. xiii, p. 42, pi. v, f. 1. 1834. Planorbis engonatus Conrad, N. F. W. Shells, sup. p. 8, pi. ix, f. 8. 1834. ? Planorbis antrosus Conrad, Am. J. Sc. (1) xxv, p. 343. 1861.? Planorbis lautus H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1861, p. 145. This common and well-known species is one of the characteristic species of the fresh-water pulmonate fauna of eastern North America. It stands quite by itself, having, with the exception of the recently described P. eucosmius Bartsch from North Carolina, no closely related species in our fauna. It is the type of the subgenus HeUsoma Swainson. The shape of the shell is so well marked and distinctive that the synonymy is, as shown above, comparatively small. The Helix angulata of Rackett was, in all probability, described in entire igno- rance of Say's previous description. The type of Conrad's P. engonatus seems to have disappeared. According to Haldenian, who saw the " single original specimen," then in the collection of a Mr. Mason, it was a monstrosity. Con- rad's figures are poor, but Haldeman's (Mon., pi. i, figs. 5 and 6), which are apparently excellent, confirm his opinion. It was found THE NAUTILUS. at Albany, N. Y. Jay (Catalogue, 4th Ed., 1852, 10267) lists P. bicarinatus var. engonatus from Georgia. Through the courtesy of Mr. L. P. Gratacap, of the American Museum of Natural History, I have been able to examine tliese shells. Of the eight specimens in the set, one is a P. campanulatus Say, nearly but not quite mature ; the remainder do not differ from the usual form of bicarinatus, except that the mature ones have a more or less expanded lip, and might well be referred to the form described by Haldeman as var. angi- stomus. None of them exhibit the peculiar flattening of the body whorl characteristic of engonatus. It seems probable that these specimens were referred to Conrad's species on account of the cam- panulate aperture. What the P. lautus of H. Adams really is, is a matter of conjec- ture, which can be only definitely settled by reference to the type, if it is still in existence. In the meantime Tryon's supposition that it was a young specimen of his species seems probable enough to warrant its reference to bicarinatus, and thus eliminate it from the list of unknown American species. Conrad's P. antrosus is no doubt a form of Say's species, and is quite probably the carapanulate variety described by Haldeman as var, angistomus, under which it will be further discussed. Say does not give the locality of the typical form in connection with his original description, but in describing the next species, P. parvus, mentions that both inhabited the Delaware, so that there is practically no doubt but that the types came from that river. The Delaware River form (pi. I, fig. 3) is the common manifestation of the species as it is usually found throughout the United States, Say's description, though brief, is excellent, and leaves little to be desired. An apparent typographical error occurs in the reprint from the 3d Ed. of Nicholson's Encyc, and probably in the original, as it is followed by Binney in his edition of Say's writings. The description as printed reads: "Shell subcarinate above, and beneath translucent." If the comma was placed after " beneath " instead of after '' above," the sentence would be in better accord with (he facts and in all probability with the intention of the author. The name adopted by Say in his new s{)ecies is almost a mis- nomer, as the typical form is really not carinated at all, either above or beneath. In both places it is rather a more or less acute angula- tion, and is never raised into a carina as, for instance, in Valvata tricarinata Say. THE NAOTILUS. It is to be noted that Say, witli liis usual nice observation, de- scribes the minute, revolving lines wliich are still cliaracteristic of the Delaware River torui, and which are not uncommon in specimens from other localities. In many instances, however, they are entirely lacking. Say described his species as sinistral. Without going into the question as to whether the shell is really sinistral or ultra-dextral, it may be said that with the exception of Say's original figures, and those of Call (Rep. Dept. Geol. Ind., 1899, p. 411, pi. viii, fig. 10), all the published illustrations known to the writer treat it as dextral, and in accordance with this practically universal custom the figures for the present paper have been drawn in that position. Those who prefer to consider the shell as sinistral have only to reverse the plate. Considering the enormous extent of territory which it inhabits, and the diverse conditions of local environment to which it is sub- jected in different parts of its range, P. hicarinatus is, for a fresh- water pulmonate, remarkably uniform in its development, and com- paratively few varietal forms have been described, and most of these have been distinguished within the last few years. Taking them in the order of their appearance, they are as follows: I. Var. UNICARINATUS Hald., pi. I, figs. 6, 7 and 8. Planorbis bicarinatus v. unicarinatiis Haldeman, Monograph, p. 7 (1844). " Whorls of the right (upper) side rounded ; the carina on the left side revolves closely, so as to form a very narrow umbilicus, and the aperture is much extended towards the left." (Haldeman.) Haldeman did not figure this form, but fortunately his type has been preserved in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, and the figures here given have been drawn from it. It is very doubtful whether this form is entitled to varietal rank in the proper accepta- tion of the term. It will be observed from the figure that the inner whorls on the upper side are distinctly angulated, and that the angle does not wholly disappear until just before the aperture is reached. Such specimens are not uncommon in almost any large series, and all gradations from the bicarinate to the unicarinate form can be found in the same colony. It would seem, therefore, to be an individual rather than a racial characteristic. The form, however, is of inter- est as exhibiting the first step toward the purely ecarinate form described by Filsbry as var. aroostookemis. The type came from the Schuylkill River. 4 THE NAUTILUS. II. Var. ANGISTOMUS Hald,, pi. I, figs. 4 and 5. Planorhis hicarinatus var. angistoma Haldeman, Mon., p. 7 (1844). " Shell small, aperture campanulate, with the throat narrowed." (Haldeman.) Haldeman did not figure this " variet}'," and his brief diagnosis copied above gives neither the dimensions of his type nor the locality from which it came. The type is not to be found in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, and is apparently lost. The claims of this form for varietal recognition are but little, if any, stronger than those of var. unicarinatus. In nearly all mature shells of hicarinatus there is a tendency, more or less developed, for the lip to become everted, and there is no difficulty in selecting a series showing all degrees of variation in this particular from the same locality. It is only occasionally that all the specimens in the colony are affected at the same time and to approximately the same degree. But sometimes this feature is very persistent; thus in the set from which the figure was selected not only are all the specimens (38) decidedly campanulate, but all previous lips were also campanu- late, many of the specimens having two and some even three, the result being that the outline of the shell is in several instances greatly distorted. All the specimens from this locality were unusually flat, being very wide in proportion to their height. Similar specimens in all respects were collected in Bawbeeae Lake, Hillsdale Co., Michi- gan, one of which, having a diameter of 16.5 mm., is only 4 mm. in height immediately in front of the aperture, the latter being 8 mm. in height. Some of these also are greatly distorted, showing appar- ently the effects of an unfavorable environment. Shells from Pine Island Lake, Kent Co., and Four Mile Lake, Chelsea, Mich., are somewhat similar, but the peculiar form is less strongly developed. In many cases, no doubt, the sudden expansion of the lip is to be accounted for by unusually favorable food conditions at the time Avhen the animal had really completed its normal growth; the con- sequent suddenly-acquired corpulency of the animal necessitating a special, rapid and expansive growth of the shell to accommodate its increased size. This seems to have been the case with the colony from which Figure 1 was taken. Up to maturity the shell was a typical aroostookensis, when suddenly the enormously expanded lip •was developed. In this case, too, the whole colony was apparently THE NAUTILUS. affected, at least the ten specimens wbicli are now in my possession were all more or less, and that, too, without regard to size. It seems quite probable that Conrad's P. antrosiis from Randon's Creek, near Claiborne, Ala., is identical with this form. If so, and the form is worthy of varietal recognition, it would have priority over Haldeman's name. Conrad never figured his species, and unfortunately gave no dimen- sions in his description. His specimens seem to have disappeared, and according to Tryon, in 1870, Conrad himself had forgotten all about it. It is possible, however, that some of the original lot found their way to Europe, as the species was catalogued by Beck in 1837 as being in the collection of Prince Christian Frederick (Index Moll., p. 118, 1837). Whether these specimens are still in existence I do not know. III. Var. CORRUGATUS Currier, pi. I, fig. 10. Planorbis hicarinatus var. corrugata Currier, List of the Shell- bearing Mollusca of Michigan, p. 8, 1868. This form was never described by Currier, who simply gives the locality as Perch Lake, Kent Co., Mich. The figure is drawn from an authentic specimen (No. 3993, Coll. Walker), received from the late Dr. De Camp, who, in his Michigan Catalogue, described and figured several of Currier's species, but unfortunately neglected this one. I have never seen but the single specimen from this locality, and do not know whether any more like it were found or not. The form is peculiar in the strong, transverse plications, which extend entirely around the whorl, and are scarcely interrupted by the well-developed, superior and basal carinations; towards the aper- ture, however, they become less distinct. The revolving, incised lines are also deeply cut, and in this feature the form is similar to the var. striatus of Baker. It is altogether the most heavily sculp- tured form that I have seen. The specimen figured is rather small, measuring 9 mm. in diameter and 5 in height. The body whorl immediately in front of the aperture is 3 mm. in height. Individual specimens of var. striatus Baker from Long Lake, Grand Traverse Co.; Dead River, Ives' Lake, Mountain Lake, Little Lake and Howe Lake, Marquette Co. ; Orchard Lake, Oakland Co., and Mud Lake, Montcalm Co., Michigan, and Gelot's Lake, New Sweden, THE NAUTILUS. Me., exhibit a greater or less tendency to develop the transverse pli- cations of this form, but none of them witli anything like the strength or regularity of the specimen figured. Similar specimens occur in the marl deposits at Bad Axe and other localities in Tuscola Co., Mich. It is doubtful whether this form is entitled to rank as a variety. It is evidently an extreme development of the var. striatus, in which the transverse plication has been added to the revolving sculpture. If the name had not already appeared in the literature without description, and required explanation, 1 should hesitate to describe it as varietally distinct from striatus, IV. Var. PERCARiNATUS n. n., pi. I, fig. 12. Planorbis hicarinatus major Walker, Naut. VI, p. 136 (1893); non var. major of various species of various authors. Shell very large for the species, thick and solid, dark horn- color tinged with purple ; superior and basal carinas elevated into a distinct keel, which is white; lip thickened, edged with brown, behind which externally is a broad, yellowish-white band, within banded by deep reddish-brown; lines of growth distinct, stronger and "puckered" around the carinse; revolving lines very faint, not discernible except with a lens; aperture more or less expanded, sometimes distinctly campanulate, auriculate and distinctly modified by the extension of the carinse to the lip. The specimen figured measures 18.5 mm. in diameter and 10 mm. in height; height of body whorl in front of aperture 7.25 mm.; height of aperture 10.5 mm. A larger specimen, with a campanulate aper- ture, measures 19.75 mm. in diameter and 10.5 mm. in height. Types (Nos. 3419 and 20074, Coll. Walker) from Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich. Also from Pine Lake, Charlevoix Co., Mich, (Walker), and Rideau and Ottawa Rivers; Sparrow Lake, Simcoe Dist., Ontario, and Detroit Lake, Minn. (Pils.). The original specimens, collected by the late Dr. M. L. Leach, were all dead shells, more or less bleached. The above description has been prepared from fresh specimens from the same locality col- lected by Dr. R. J. Kirkland, of Grand Rapids. Not in deference, for I think the rule an absurd one, but under the compulsion of the " International Code," I am forced to change the name of this very distinct variety and add another unnecessary synonym to the burden of systematic conchology. THE NAUTILUS. V. Var. AROOSTOOKENSis Pilsbry, pi. I, figs. 1 and 2. Planorbis hicarinatus aroostookensis Pilsbry, Naut. VIII, p. 115, 1875. Shell having the spire and umbilicus very deep, the latter funnel- shaped, as in typical hicarinatus, but both upper and lower keels entirely obsolete or rounded off on the last whorl, which has the aspect of P. trivolvis. Surface minutely striated spirally, as in P. hicarinatus. Aperture less angular and less produced below than in hicarinatus, in consequence of the rounding of the whorls. Diameter 15 mm., alt. at aperture 7.5 mm. (Pilsbry). Type locality, East Branch of Salmon Brook, Woodland, Aroos- took Co., Maine (Pils.). Also Collins' Pond, Caribou River, Cari- bou, Aroostook Co., Me.; Charlevoix; Perch Lake, Kent Co.; Bes- semer, Gogebec Co.; Fallams, Menominee Co., and Ispheraing, Mich. (Walker). Figure 2 represents the typical form of this variety, and is drawn from a topotype collected by Mr. 0. O. Nylander. Figure 1 is the campanulate form, already referred to, which bears the same relation to typical aroostookensis that angistonms does to typical hicarinatus. The Michigan specimens, especially those from the Upper Penin- sula, are much smaller than the typical form, and in some examples there is a tendency to angulation on the whorls, but the large majority of the specimens are quite characteristic in the rounded, ecarinate form of the last whorl. VI. Var. STRIATUS Baker. Planorbis hicarinatus striatvs Baker, Naut. XV, p. 120 (1902); Planorbis hicarinatus striatus Baker, Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, xvi, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 11 (1906). In this form the microscopic, revolving sculpture commonly but not invariably present in the typical form is greatly intensified, and in the typical expression of the variety is quits conspicuous to the naked eye. In the original description this sculpture is stated to consis' of "raised spiral lines," while in the second paper quoted above it is said that " in some specimens the spiral lines are deeply incised." This incongruity is an apparent one only, and depends on whether the elevated or the depressed portions of the surface are wider or more conspicuous. Starting with the typical form, in which the revolving sculpture is either entirely wanting or very minute, it is 8 THE NAUTILUS. clear that the lines, when present, are incised. As the sculpture increases in strength, the intervals between the incised lines dimin- ish, and when they become equal, the surface becomes typically striate and the revolving sculpture consists of incised or elevated lines, as the observer chooses to designate it. Very rarely the surface is distinctly malleated, in which case there is a series of irregular, raised, revolving lines, which are quite differ- ent from the regular sculpture of var. striatus. The intensification of the spiral sculpture characteristic of this form seems to be peculiar to the northern states, as it has not been noticed from south of Mason and Dixon's Line. The most characteristic specimens come from the northern tier of states from Maine to Michigan. The types were pleistocene fossils from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is a common form in Michigan, varying in size and proportion like typical bicarinatus. Specimens are also before me from the following localities: Square Lake; Rockville, Me.; Profile Lake, N. H.; Cedar Lake, N. Y.; Port Oram, N. J.; Gore's Bay, Mani- tolin, Id., Lake Huron, Algoma; Georgian Bay, Ontario. VII. Var. PORTAGENSis Baker, pi. I, fig. 9. Planorhii bicarinatus portagensis Baker, Naut. XXII, p. 45 (1 908). This recently described and very striking form is characterized by its closely coiled whorls, deeply funicular upper and lower surfaces and acute carination; the umbilicus is comparatively narrow and deeply excavated; the aperture is large, auriculate, higher than wide, and acutely angled above and before; the lip is sharp and but slightly expanded. Type locality. Portage Lake, Aroostook Co., Maine. Also Square Lake, Cross Lake and Second Lake, Aroostook Co., Me. (Walker); Meaches Lake, Hull, Quebec (Pils.). The figure is drawn from a cotype kindly furnished by Mr. F. C. Baker. Specimens from Carp Lake, Emmet Co., and Betsey Lake, Benzie Co., Michigan, though not typical, may fairly be referred to this form. Immature examples, especially those from Betsey Lake, are almost identical with tlie immature Maine specimens, the whorls, perhaps, being more regularly rounded and lacking the decided flat- tening towards the base of the typical form. But the mature shells, though retaining the sharp carination above and below, are more inflated, and the aperture is wider and does not extend so far above and below the body whorl as in the typical form, being in shape and THK NAUTILUS. position more like that of var. percarinatus (fig. 12). Two addi- tional specimens from the original locality, submitted by Mr. Nylander, agree very exactly with the Michigan form. Mr. Nylander writes in regard to the habits of this form : "I think the variety portagensis lives in comparatively deep water, say 25 feet or so as only a few good specimens have been collected and these have always been " dead " shells. The speci- mens from Cross Lake were dredged in 25 feet of water. This raises a question as to whether the inflated form of this variety is not correlated with its habitat in deep water as sug- gested by Pilsbry in regard to the Physa and PlanorUs from Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico (Proc. P. A. N. S., 1891, p. 324). A parallel case is found in Lymnsea mighelsi W. G. Binn, which in Michigan, at least, lives in deep water a large part of the year (See Naut., XIV, p. 8). In fifteen years' collecting at Pine Lake, Marquette Co., Mich., I have found this species only twice in shallow water and then in considerable numbers, but only for a few days. It seems likely that the peculiar form of Physa lordi Bd. is to be accounted for in the same way as in Michigan; at least, it is found only in the larger inland lakes. Planorbis muUivolvis Case is also apparently a deep-water species (Naut., XXI, p. 61). VIII. Var. ROYALENSis n. v., pi. I, fig. 11. Shell thin, light greenish horn-color; superior carination promi- nent, rounded, not acute; basal carina very strong, not acute, but forming a heavy, rounded cord around the deep, funicular umbilicus; upper surface concave, but more or less flattened and not as deep as the umbilicus; sides flattened and narrowed towards the base and contracted just above the basal carina; lines of growth strong and distinct, the sides being longitudinally coarsely and irregularly stri- ated; revolving sculpture strong and distinct; aperture triangular, the upper side very nearly straight and almost flat, meeting the lip at nearly a right angle; acutely angled below; lip thin, sharp, not ex- panded. Alt. 10, diam. 15; height of body whorl in front of aperture 5 mm. Types (No. 29163, Coll. Walker) from Siskowit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Michigan. Cotypes in the collection of the Pliila- delphia Academy. About twenty specimens of this strongly characterized form were 10 THE NAUTILUS. collected by tlie University of Michigan expedition in 1905, and are very uniform in the peculiar features above described. P. hicarinatus was collected in 1904 and 1905 in a number of different localities in various parts of the island, but all such were quite typical in form. The longitudinal sculpture of this form is unusually strong for the species, and reminds one ot the heavy sculpture of P. corpulentus Say, but differs in being less regular and lacking the acute ridges of that species. Royalensis is nearer to portagensis than to any other form of hicarinatus, but differs in being wider and in the develop- ment and position of the superior carina, wider umbilicus, stronger basal carina and shape of the aperture. (To be continued.) BECEITT FBESH-WATEB FOSSILS FBOM BBONX BOBOUGH, NEW YOBK CITY. BY EDWIN W. HUMPHREYS. The shells here mentioned were found at what is now 171 St. and Morris Ave., Borough of the Bronx, New York City. The swamp which is situated at this point lies in a long, narrow, anticlinal valley which has been eroded in the Inwood Limestone. "When the street, now known as Morris Ave., was filled in across the swamp, the peaty deposit, which had accumulated here, was forced up to heights of several feet on either side of it. This caused the peat to crack in all directions and revealed numerous pockets which were full of small shells. The shells were extremely abundant ; so thickly were they heaped together that they could easily be scooped up with a garden trowel. From the manner in which they were found it would seem as if they had been gathered together by currents or eddies in the waters of the swamp. All of the shells were bleached to a chalky whiteness and were very fragile. The following species were found. Amnicola Umosa (Say) Hald. Shells of this species, though com- mon, were not very abundant and were usually more or less injured. Valvata tricarinata Say. These were exceedingly numerous, hun- dreds of them being heaped together in a single pocket. They were of all sizes, some being so small that they were lodged in the apertures of the larger ones. Evidently they represented individuals of all ages. Physa heterostropha Say. This species was rather scarce. Planorbis hicarinatus Say. This form was also uncommon. THE NAUTILUS. 11 Planorhis parvus Say. These raried in size as much as did the shells of Valvata tricarinata Say, and wei'e about as abundant. Pisidium variable Prime. This species was very rare. Usually the valves were separated, only occasionally were they found united. Whether or not these forms still inhabit this place I am not pre- pared to say. Though I have not been able to find any living indi- viduals, further search may yet reveal them. I desire to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. L. P. Gratacap and Mr. Bryant Walker in the identification of some of the species. UNIONIDAE FBOU AN INDIAN GARBAGE HEAP. BT DR. A. E. ORTMANN, CARNEGIE MUSEUM, PITTSBURGH, PA. On the western banks of the Monongahela River in southwestern Pennsylvania, upon the flood plain at the Point Marion Ferry, in Greene Co., opposite the point where the Monongahela and Cheat rivers unite, the writer found on July 9, 1908, a heap of Vmonida shells, buried about one to two feet in the soil on the side of a road. The soil consists of the characteristic river-silt of this region. Since Indian " relics " have frequently been found at this place, in fact, since it is known as the site of an old Indian settlement, it seems beyond question that this pile (about 2 feet high) represents an old Indian garbage heap of shells which had been used for food. When first found, the shells were rather brittle and soft, and many of them crumbled to pieces. But enough were secured, which re- mained whole, and subsequently they have hardened. They look like fossil shells in so far as in most of them the epidermis, and with it the color, is gone (only in a few Quadrulas fragments of the epi- dermis remain). In species, where the nacre originally is colored (Unto gihhosus and crassidens), the color has entirely faded away, or only very slight traces of it are discernible. It is hard to say how long ago this pile M'as formed : it may be less than a hundred years old. But this does not matter. The interesting fact about it is that this shell heap has furnished a small collection of TJnionidce, which contributes considerably to our knowl- edge of the C/m*om(/ Under the microscope such specimens show several concentric zones along the margins of the valves, marked by lines of growth. THE NAUTILUS. 19 under which they grow, should be carefully studied. In order to do this much more good material is needed from all over the continent. It is very desirable to collect repeatedly, throughout the year, at favorable places, wherever there is an opportunity for doing so; it is essential to have the date of collecting with every lot, notes on the nature of the habitat, and last but not least, to have good numbers of specimens, not only the large ones, but also the half- grown and young. Any material, from anywhere, will mean a contribution to our knowledf e. It may be added that the simplest and best means for collecting small fresh-water mollusca, Sphoeriidae and gastropods, is a sack net of good burlap on a frame of strong wire (i-| inch), the ring of about 6-8 inches diam., tied to a handle of suitable length, e. g., a broomstick. In this net mud and other material, scooped up from the surface of the bottom, is washed, the coarser things gradually removed; the remainder is taken home and dried well, but not in too great heat. Then, a small sieve, e. g., a strainer, or several of dif- ferent mesh measures, are very serviceable for separating finer and coarser material, and it will be much easier to pick out the speci- menSf of which the smallest should not be overlooked; some Pisidium are not larger than 1 to 2 mm. when mature. Specimens to be sent for examination are best left mixed up, or separated only for con- siderable differences of size. The washings and specimens must be handled carefully, especially Musculium^ since most of them are very fragile. The whole " stuff," dirt and all, fresh or dried, may be sent for examination, after the coarser materials are removed. For deep water a drag-net or small dredge of burlap will do good service, especially if protected by an outer sack of strong canvas with the bottom left open. It is very desirable that collecting be done in lakes and deep rivers. DESCEIPTION OF A NEW FOSSIL LYMNiEA. BT F. C. BAKER. Lymn^a nashotahensis n. sp. Shell elongated, somewhat pyramidal; surface dull, growth-lines conspicuous, crossed by fine, impressed spiral lines; whorls 6-6^, rather rapidly increasing in diameter, flatly rounded, the body whorl very large and quite convex or even gibbous; spire broadly pyramidal or conic, longer than the aperture ; sutures well marked ; aperture 20 THE NAUTILUS. long, ovate, much narrowed above, generally wide and flaring below; outer lip with variceal thickening; inner lip rather broad, reflected over the umbilical region, forming a conspicuous expansion and leav- ing a well-marked umbilical chink; parietal callus wide and rather thick, in some specimens rendering the aperture continuous; axis twisted; the columella is plicate in the immature shell, but in adult or old specimens the inner lip is raised over the umbilicus, somewhat as in emarginata. Length 33.50, breadth 13.00; aperture length 14.00, breadth 7.00 mm. Length 29.00, breadth 13.00; aperture length 15.00, breadth 6.75 mm. Length 28.75, breadth 13.50; aperture length 15.75, breadth 7.00 mm. Length 25.00, breadth 12.00; aperture length 14.00, breadth 7.25 mm. Length 21.00, breadth 10.00; aperture length 12.00, breadth 6.00 mm. Length 24.00, breadth 10.00; aperture length 11.00, breadth 5.00 mm. Length 18.25, breadth 8.25; aperture length 10.00, breadth 4.25 mm. Types: The Chicago Academy of Sciences, 9 specimens, No. 24539; cotypes. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, No. 98521, 6 specimens. Type locality: Marl beds, Nashotah, Waukeshaw County, Wis- consin. Remarks: L. nashotahensis was at first thought to be a form of Lymncea danielsi ; it differs markedly from that species, however, in several particulars — the spire is broader and not so acute, the body whorl is larger and inclined to be gibbous, there is a conspicuous umbilical chink (danielsi is usually imperforate), and the columella is not noticeably plicate. In nashotahensis the aperture is elongate ovate, narrowed above and broadened below, where it is often patu- lous. The upper whorls are strongly suggestive of Lymnaa rejlexa, the penultimate whorl having the swollen appearance so characteristic of reflexa. Young specimens somewhat resemble Lymnaa catascopium, diflFer- ing in being narrower, with a more elongate aperture, longer and less THE NAUTILUS. 21 rounded whorls and a less distinctly plicate columella. There is also an umbilical chink, which is usually absent in catascopium. Like Walker's Lymvaa haheri from Michigan, nashotahensis is apparently an extinct species peculiar to marl deposits. The speci- mens were secured by Mr. F. M. Woodruff. NOTES ON PLANORBIS II: P. BICAKINATTIS. BY BRYANT WALKER. (Concluded from May Number.) IX. Miscellaneous. In Beck's Index Moll. (1837), p. 118, the following synonymy of this species is given : '■'■ Planorhis hicarinatus Say. Am. Septr. C. C. a. major. S. g. iv, 4. W. S. vii, 12. Fl. Schuylkill. PI. angidatus Wood. b. minor. an P. ehurneus Ch. ix, 1123? New Jersey." P. angidatus Wood, Index Testaceologicus, edit. II, 1828, Suppl., pi. 7, f. 12, is a typical P. bicarinatus. The figures in Sowerby's Genera, referred to by Beck (as " S. g.") are the same species. Beck defined his minor only by a queried reference to Chemnitz's figures of a West Indian species, really entirely different. Distribution. The recorded distribution of Planorbis bicarinatus is shown with approximate exactness upon the accompanying map (pi. III). These data are primarily based upon the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, the complete list of which has been kindly furnished by Dr. Pilsbry. To these have been added such additional information as was afforded by my own collection. The localities thus vouched for are indicated on the map by the black dots. These data have been supplemented by such specific localities as a careful search of the literature at my command afforded. These citations are repre- sented by the outlined dots. Duplicate citations and those giving simply the " State " have been omitted. A detailed list of all locali- ties and the authorities for the same is given below. The map does 22 THE NAUTILUS. not extend far enough north to allow the localities in Keewatin, Canada, to be plotted. While the exhibit as a whole afifords what is probably a fairly accurate view of the actual distribution, yet it also shows how lamentably small our knowledge really is of the range of one of our most common species, and how much still remains to be done before any generalization can be other than tentative. Still the chart is of interest as showing what we do know, and serves to indicate the regions to which attention of American collectors should be particu- larly directed. Thus the apparent absence of the species from the entire littoral Atlantic region (with the exception of a single record from Wilmington, N. C.) from the Potomac to Florida, and along the coastal region of the Gulf from Florida to Texas is very striking and worthy of investigation. So, too, the exact range towards the west is important and of considerable scientific interest. No doubt many of the deficiencies of the present map can be supplied from material already accumulated in the many private collections of the country, aud it is hoped that this review ot the subject will induce the publication of all such information for the benefit of those inter- ested in the geographical distribution of the American fauna. For it is only by the accumulation of detailed information, such as is afforded by the publication of carefully authenticated local lists, accompanied by exact localities, that any substantial advance can be expected. Taking the chart, such as it is, certain facts can be deduced with a great degree of certainty, while others must still remain more or less tinged with uncertainty until more exact knowledge shall either prove or disprove them. On the north it seems reasonably certain that hicarinatus extends through British America from Anticosti, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia west to at least Lake Winnipeg and Manitoba and north to Keewatin. In all probability it may be found to range west through Saskatchewan and Assiniboia well toward the Rocky Mountains. The data already accumulated shows a distribution through the northern United States from Maine to Oregon. The northwestern data, though scant, tend to show that the invasion of the valley of the Columbia was through transfer from the headwaters of the Mis- souri or its tributaries to the Snake, Pend Oreille or other tributaries of the Columbia. THE NAUTILUS. 23 The accuracy of that veteran collector, Henry Hemphill, as to its occurrence at Antioch, California, quoted by Stearns (1881), is not to be questioned. But the fact that there is no other record of its occurrence in California certainly tends to show that the Antioch find was a sporadic colony, accidentally introduced, and which never succeeded in effecting a permanent foothold. The citation of this species from the Yaqui River, Guaymas, Mexico, on the Gulf of California, by Stearns (1889), where it is said to have been collected by Palmer, is open to more doubt. It appears that Polygyra Mrsuta was also alleged to have been collected at the same time and place. The nearest authentic locality for this species is southwestern Missouri. There is no evidence that bicari- natus has ever been discovered anywhere in the Colorado basin. The occurrence of two common eastern species at the same time in a locality so remote from the known range of either is certainly very remarkable, and would naturally raise a question as to whether there had not been an accidental mixing of specimens, Bicarinatus is not quoted from Mexico at all by Crosse and Fischer, and its occurrence at Guaymas is very improbable. Leaving these two doubtful citations out of the question, the only authentic occurrence of bicarinatus on the Pacific coast is along the Columbia in Oregon; south of that the Rocky Mountains, no doubtj mark the western range of the species. In the Potomac River at and below Washington, D. C, bicari- natus is an abundant species. South of that, with the exception of Wilmington, N, C, so far as the records show, it is absent from the entire coastal Atlantic region. In western North Carolina and northwestern Georgia it is found in streams belonging to the western drainage. We have no records from South Carolina and Florida. The large amount of collecting that has been done in various parts of the latter state goes to show that it does not occur there. South Carolina is practically unknown conchologically. It was not found by Henderson at Yemasee, Beaufort Co. (Naut. XXI, p. 7). Mr. Wm. G. Mazyck, of Charleston, S. C, informs me that he has never known of its occurrence in that state, and that it is not quoted in either of Ravenel's Catalogues of 1834 or 1874. In Alabama, though not abundant, it occurs in the northern part of the state, and extends in the Alabama drainage as far south at least as Pinehill, Wilcox Co. There are no records for either Mississippi or Louisiana, 24 THE NAUTILUS. In Texas it is an abundant species, at times, in the central eastern part of the state, and no doubt ranges north from there. But there are no records from the valley of the Eio Grande and, as stated be- fore, none from Mexico. This river would therefore seem beyond the southwestern range of the species. So far as the records show, it is apparently absent from the entire coastal region on the Gulf. Since the above was written and the map (Plate III) was pre- pared, Mr. H. H. Smith has collected typical hicarinatus in Beaver Creek, Conecuh Co., Ala. This " find " not only carries the species further south than previously recorded, but brings it into the western extension of the Atlantic fauna area along the Gulf Coast. Beaver Creek is a tributary of Murder Creek, which forms part of the Escambia River drainage system. West of the Appalachian Mountains, hicarinatus is, in suitable localities, a common species in all the states as far west as Kansas and Colorado, and there is no great doubt but that it ranges, in suit- able environment, west to the mountains. But the data at hand are too few and too scattering to give any exact information as to the limits of the western range. They are indicated on the map and given in detail in the following list : Distributional Data. United States. Alabama: Big Willis Creek, Atalla; Coosa River, Minnesota Bend; Black Warrior River, Jefferson Co.; Cub Creek, Pinehill; Princeton (Walker); Beech Creek, Selma; Cahawba River (Lewis); Coosa River, Farmer (Hinkley). Arizona : None. Colorado : Boulder (Pils.); Lodge Pole Creek, Logan Co.; Owens Lake, Boulder; Weld Co.; Greely (Henderson). Connecticut : West Granby, Hartford Co. (Pils.). Arkansas : White River, Carroll; Big Creek, Sebastian; Ouachita River, Hot Spring (Sampson). Delaware : Brandywine River, between Dupont's and Rockland (Pils.). District of Columbia : Washington (Pils.). Florida : None. Georgia : East Rome (Pils.); Silver Creek, East Rome; Armuchee Creek, Rome; Dalton (Walker). THE NAUTILUS. 25 Idaho : Old Mission (Pi)s.); Blue Creek, Cceur d'Alene Moun- tains; Cedar Creek, Priest Lake (Walker). Illinois: Athens; Rock Island (Pils.); Joliet (Ferriss MSS.); Cook Co.; LaSalle Co.; Des Plaines River; Kappa, Panala, Wood- ford Co.; Crystal and Silver Lakes and Algonquin, McHenry Co.; Mercer Co.; Elgin, Kane Co.; Illinois River and Dogfish, Quiver and Matanzas Lakes, Havana, Mason Co.; Fourth, Sand, Cedar, Fox, Pistakee, Clear, Long and Slough Lakes, Lake Co.; Pope Co.; Johnson Co.; Thompson's I^ake, Fulton Co.; Milan, Rock Island Co.; Pekin, Tazewell Co. (Baker). Indian Territory : Tushkahama (Ferriss, MSS.). Indiana: Randolph Co. (Pils.); Cedar Lake; Bass Lake, Stark Co. (Baker); Connorsville, Danville (Walker); Richmond, Wayne Co. (Plummer); Indianapolis, Whitewater Basin, West White- water Basin, Maumee Basin, St. Joseph Basin, Lake Michigan Basin (Call), Franklin Co. (Moore and Butler); Lake Michigan, Michigan City; Lake James, Steuben Co.; Clear Lake, LaPorte Co. (Daniels). Iowa : Iowa City; DeWitt; Clear Lake; Davenport (Pils.), Mus- catine, Des Moines, Ruthven (Walker); Spirit Lake (Keyes). Kansas: Walnut Creek (Pils.); Topeka; Ellis; Soldier Creek, Silver Lake Twp., Shawnee Co.; Northern Wabaunsee Co.; Brown Co.; Cedar Creek, Mt. Ida; Barber Co.; McDowell Creek, Riley Co.; Kansas River, Wyandotte; Neosho Co. (Call). Kentucky : Bowling Green (Pils.). Louisiana : None. Maine: Caribou, Aroostook Co.; Rockland, Knox Co. (Pils.); Orono, Fort Kent, St. John's River; Gelot's Lake, New Sweden; Second Lake, Fish River; Salmon Brook, Aroostook River; Wood- land, Collins' Mill Pond, Portage Lake, Square Lake, Aroostook Co.; E Warren; Rockville (Walker); Cross Lake Inlet; Cross Lake; Moose River, Somerset Co. (Nylander); Moosehead Lake (Johnson); Portland (Pickering). Maryland : Cumberland; Hancock; Chestertown, Kent Co.; Flint- stone, Allegheny Co.; Conecocheque River at National Road (Pils.); Potomac River, Fort Washington (Walker). Massachusetts: Pontoosuc Lake, W. Mass. (Pils.); Cambridge; Amherst (Walker); Fresh Pond (Adams); Swampscot, Lynn and vicinity (Tufts); Stockbridge (Ferriss, MSS.); Bristol Co. (Taylor and Shiverick). 26 THE NAUTILUS. Michigan : The writer has records from 52 of the 83 counties of the state, indicating a general distribution throughout the state. The counties represented are shown by the map (plate II). Minnesota : Lake Albert Lea; Fergus Falls (Pils.); Stearns Co.; Lake Minnetonka ; Cannon Lake, Rice Co.; Shackleton Lake (Walker); Minneapolis; Lake Minnewaska, Pope Co.; Vermilion Lake, Winona, Lake Co.; St. Louis Co. (Grant); Clearwater, Wright Co. (Sargent); Harriet Lake, Hennipen Co. (Daniels); Heron Lake, Jackson Co.; Eagle Lake, Sherburne Co. (Stearns). Mississippi : None. Missouri : Pettis Co.; Lamar, Barton Co. (Sampson). Montana : Mingusville, now Wibaux (Squjer). Nebraska : Sidney (Walker); streams of eastern Neb. (Aughey); Omaha (Tryon). Nevada : None. New Hampshire : Profile Lake (Walker); Keene (Walker and Coolidge). New Jersey : Greenwood Lake, Passaic Co.; Raritan River; Cedar Lake, White Pond, Warren Co.; Swartzwood Lake, Sussex Co.; Center Twp., Camden Co.; Delaware Water Gap; Princeton, Mercer Co.; Lake Hopatcong, Budd's Lake, Morris Co.; Hacken- sack Valley; Closter, Bergen Co.; Trenton; Gloucester Co. (Pils.). New Mexico : Las Vegas; South Spring River, Roseville; Tre- mentina; Santa Fe; Arroyo Pecos, Las Vegas (Pils.). New York : Cazenovia; Skaneatales Lake; Long Island; Niagara; Hudson River, Fort Warren, Ridgewood; Racquette Lake, Hamil- ton Co.; Queens Co.; Squaw Island, Niagara River; Troy (Pils.); Gannagagee Creek. Erie Co.; Alfred; Watertown; Canandarago Lake, Otsego Co.; Cedar Lake, Herkimer Co.; Old Forge (Walker); Sunset Creek, Otsego Co. (Smith); Chatauqua Lake (Maury); Schuyler's Lake, Otsego Co.; Mohawk River, Little Lakes and Erie Canal and Litchfield, Herkimer Co. (Lewis); Onondaga Co. (Beau- champ); Rochester (Walton); Huntington, Centerport, Long Island (Smith & Prime); Cayuga Lake (Ferriss MSS). North Carolina : Asheville ; Greenfield Pond, Wilmington (Walker). North Dakota ; Hankinson (Pils.); Fort Stevenson (Stearns). Ohio: Columbus; Geanga Co. (Pils.); Hudson (Walker); Cincin nati (Harper and Wetherby); Tuscawaras Co. (Sterki); " The Re- serve " (Naturalist). THE NAUTILUS. 27 Oklahoma: Oklahoma City (Ferriss); Cimmaron River (Call). Oregon: Willamette River; ISalem; Portland (Pils.). Pennsylvania: Delaware River (type locality), Say; Allegheny River; Round Island, Clinton Co.; Port Allegheny, McLean Co.; Youghiougheny River, (!onnellsville, Fayette Co.; Juniata River, Hollidaysburg, Blair Co.; Susquehanna River, Muncy; Cushclishia Creek, Indiana Co.; Emporium, Cameron Co.; Amity Twp., Berks Co.; Beaver River, Waupum, Montgomery Co.; Germantown and various localities, Philadelphia Co.; Nockamixon, Bucks Co.; Schanksville, Somerset Co.; Glenolden, Delaware Co.; Gettysburg; Ligonier, Westmoreland Co., York Furnace, York Co. (Pils.); Alle- gheny Co. (Stupakoff); Ohio River, Coraopolis (Rhoads); Chester Co. (Hartman & Michener); Lancaster Co. (Haldeman); Columbia; Susquehanna River, Wilkesbarre (Walker). Rhode Island : Providence and Worcester Canal; Cunliff's Pond (Carpenter). South Carolina: None. South Dakota : Mouth of Big Sioux River (Lea). Tennessee : Emory River and Harriman (Pils.); Chilhowee Mts.. Blount Co.; Franklin Co. (Walker); Tellico River, Blount Co. (Lewis); Little River (Ferriss MSS). Texas: New Braunfels (Pils.); San Antonio (Walker); Peder- nales River, Gillespie Co.; Brushy Creek, Williamson Co.; Colorado River and tributaries, Comal Co.; San Marcus River, Hayes Co.; Colorado River and tributaries, Travis Co.; Burton, Washington Co. (Singley); Hog Creek, McLennan Co. (Strecker). Utah : None. Vermont: Connecticut River, Hartland (Pils.); Middlebury (A ms) Virginia: Luray (Pils.); Orange (Walker); Harper's Ferry (Tryon). Washington: Cascades, Skamania Co. (Pils.). Wisconsin: Milwaukee (Pils.); Menominee River; Wauwatosa ; Honey Creek, Layton Park; Kinnickinnic River, Milwaukee; Golden Lake, Waukesha Co.; Little Cedar Lake, Washington Co.; Lake Winnebago, Calumet Co.; Kenosha (Chadwick). West Virginia : Four miles from Romney; Kanawha River, forty miles south of Ohio River, Wirt Co.; North River, Sedan, Hamp- shire Co.; Warm Spring Creek, Morgan Co.; Salt Sulphur Spring, 28 THE NAUTILUS. Monroe Co.; Patterson's Creek, Mineral Co.; Potomac River, Cherry Run (Pils.); Potomac River, Harper's Ferry (Walker). Wyoming : Yellowstone National Park (Stearns). Dominion of Canada — Quebec : Meaches Lake, Hull; Chaudiere River; Chelsea (Pils.); Caprouge (Walker); Anticosti (Latchford); Brome Lake, Knowlton (Whiteaves MSS). Ontario : Sparrow Lake, Simcoe District; Puzzle Lake, 40 miles north of Napanee; Rideau River; Ottawa River (Pils); Little River, Walkerville (Walker); Lake Simcoe (Stearns). Algoma: Dog River, north shore Lake Superior; Gores Bay, Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron (Walker); Moose Factory, Hudson Bay (Dall). Manitoba : Lake Winnipeg; Lake Manitoba (Christy). Nova Scotia : Dartmouth Lakes (Jones). Keewatin : Lake St. Joseph; Kawinogans River, Albany River. Knee Lake (Whiteaves); Saskatchewan River, Grand Rapids (Dall.); New Brunswick : Kennebecasis River and elsewhere (Matthew and Stead). Mexico : Yaqui River, Guaymas, W. Mexico (Stearns). See p. Bibliography. The following list includes all papers cited as authority for distri- bution in the preceding part of this paper. It is no doubt imperfect, as it embraces only such literature as has been accessible to the writer. For the sake of brevity many other papers examined, which afforded only duplicate records or simply a general " State " record are omitted : Adams, C. B Shells of Fresh Pond. (Am. J. Sci. and Arts, O. S. XXXVI, p. 392, 1839.) Adams, C. B. — Catalogue of the Mollusca of Middlebury, Ver- mont, and vicinity. (Am. J. Sci. and Arts, O. S. XI, p. 269, 184L) Aughey, Samuel Catalogue of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of Nebraska. (Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey III, p. 701, 1877.) Baker, F. C. — The Mollusks of Cedar Lake, Indiana. (Naut. XVII, p. 113, 1904.) Baker, F. C. — A Catalogue of the Mollusca of Illinois. (Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. VII, p. 106, 1906). Beauchamp, W. M Land and Fresh-water Shells of Onondaga County and State of New York (1886). THE NAUTILUS. 29' Call, R. E. — A Contribution to a Knowledge of Indiana Mollusca. (Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Ill, p. 150, 1894.) Call, R. E. — The Hydrographic Basins of Indiana and their Molluscan Fauna. (Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1896, p. 250.) Call, R. E. — Contributions to a Knowledge of the Fresh-water Mollusca of Kansas. No. II, p. 54; No. IV, p. 123; No. V, p. 184;, No. VI, p. 16. Carpenter, H. F. — The Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island. (Random Notes on Nat. Hist. II, p. 96, 1886.) Chadwick, G. H. — Notes on Wisconsin Mollusca. (Bull. AVis.. Nat. Hist. Soc. IV, p. 83, 1906.) Chickering, J. W., Jr. — List of Marine, Fresh-water and Land Shells found in the vicinity of Portland, Maine (1855 or 6 ?.) Christy, R. M. — Notes on the Land and Fresh-water Mollusks of Manitoba. (J. of Con. IV, p. 248, 1885.) Dall, W. H — Land and Fresh-water Mollusks of Alaska. (Rep. Har. Alaska Exp. XIII, p. 87, 1905.) Daniels, L. E. — A check list of Indiana Mollusca. (Rep. Dept. Geol. & Nat. Resources, Ind. 1902, p. 637.) Daniels, L. E — Records of Minnesota Mollusks. (Naut. XXII, ,p. 119, 1909.) Ferriss, J. H. — Mollusks of Oklahoma. (Naut. XX, p. 17, 1906.) Grant, U. S. — Conchological Notes. (14th Ann. Rep. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., p. 122, 1885.) Grant, U. S — Notes on the Molluscan Fauna of Minnesota. (16th Ann. Rep. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., p. 484, 1887.) Haldeman, S. S. — Mollusca. (Rupp's Hist. Lancaster Co., Pa., p. 481, 1844.) Harper, G. W., & Wetherby, A. G Catalogue of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca found in the immediate vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, 1876. Hartmann, W. D., & Michener, E. — Conchologia Cestrica, p. 70,. 1874. Henderson, Julius. — The Mollusca of Colorado. (University of Colo. Studies IV, p. 181, 1907.) Hinkley, A. A. — List of Alabama Shells collected in October and November, 1903. (Naut. XVIII, p. 54, 1904.) Johnson, C. W Shells of the Lake Region of Maine. (Naut- XXI, p. 106, 1908.) 30 THE NAUTILUS. Jones, J. M — List of the Mollusca of Nova Scotia, 1877. Keyes, C R. — An Annotated Catalogue of the Mollusca of Iowa. (Bull. Essex Inst. XX, p. 13, 1889.) Latchford, F. R.— Shells of Anticosti. (Am. Nat. XVIII, p. 1052, 1884.) Lea, Isaac. — Report on Mollusca. (Explorations in Nebraska, Executive Doc. II, p. 72, 1859.) Lewis, James. — Shells of Herkimer and adjacent counties in the State of New York. Proc. A. N. S., Phila., 1872, pp. 97-107. Lewis, James. — Shells of Tennessee, No. 2. (Proc. P. A. N. S., 1872, p. 108.) Lewis, James. — Fresh-water and Land Shells of Alabama, 1876. Linsley, J. H. — Catalogue of the Shells of Connecticut. (Am. J. Sci. & Arts O. S. XLVIII, p. 281, 1845.) Matthew, W. D., & Stead, G Land and Fresh-water Shells col- lected near St. John, N. B. (Proc. Miramichi Nat. Hist. Ass., No. Ill, p. 49.) Maury, C. J. — Chatauqua Lake Shells. (Element. Nat. Hist. Series, No. I, p. 26, 1898.) Moore, D. R., & Butler, A. W — Land and Fresh-water Mollusca observed in Franklin County, Indiana. (Bull. Brookville Soc. Nat. Hist., No. I, p. 43, 1885.) Naturalist. — Miscellaneous Observations, etc. (Am. J. Sci, & Arts O. S. XXXI, p. 36, 1837.) Nylander, O. O — Fresh-water Shells in the northeast of Maine. (Naut. XI, pp. 9-12, 1897.) Plummer, J. T. — Scraps in Natural History. (Am. J. Sci. & Arts 0. S. XLVIII, p. 95, 1844.) Rhoads, S. N. — On a Recent Collection of Pennsylvania MoUusks from the Ohio River System below Pittsburg. (Naut. XII, p. 138, 1899.) Rhoads, S. N — A Glimpse at the Shell Fauna of Delaware. (Naut. XVIII, p. 66, 1904.) Sampson, F. A. — Notes on the Distribution of Shells. (Kansas City Rec. of Sci. VI, p. 22.) Sampson, F. A. — The Shells of Pettis County, Missouri, (Bull. No. 1, Sedalia Nat. Hist. Soc, p. 10, 1885.) Sampson, F. A — A Preliminary List of the Mollusca of Arkansas. (Ann. Rep. Geol. Sur. of Ark. II, p. 186, 1893.) THE NAUTILUS. 31 Sargent, H. E Annotated List of the Mollusca found in the vicinity of Clearwater, Wright Co., Minn, (Naut. IX, p. 127, 1896.) Say, Thomas.— Nich. Encyc, 1st Ed., 1817. Singley, J. A.— Texas Mollusca. (4th Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey of Texas, p. 314, 1892.) Smith, Maxwell Shells of Richfield Springs, N. Y., and vicinity. (Naut. XX, p. 91, 1906.) Smith, S., & Prime, T. — Report on the Mollusca of Long Island, N. Y., and its dependencies. (Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. IX, p. 402, 1870.) Squyer, Homer List of Shells from the vicinity of Mingusville, Montana. (Naut. VIII, p. 64, 1894.) Stearns, R. E. C Observations on Planorhis. (Proc. P. A. N. S., 1881, p. 101.) Stearns, R. E. C Notes and Comments on the Distribution of Planorhis {Helisosnia) hicarinatus. (West. Am. Scientist, 1889, p. 110.) Stearns, R. E. C List of Shells collected by Vernon Bailey in Heron and Eagle Lakes, Minn. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXII, pp. 135-8.) Sterki, V List of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of Tus- cawarus County, Ohio. (18th Ann. Rep. Ohio St. Acad. Sci., p. 6.) Strecker, J. K., Jr The Mollusca of McLennan County, Texas. (Naut. XXII, p. 65, 1908.) Stupakoff, S. H. — Land and Fresh-water Shells of Allegheny County, Pa. (Naut. VII, p. 135, 1894.) Taylor and Shiverick. — Catalogue of Shells found in and near the County of Bristol, Mass., 1840?. Tryon, G. W., Jr Notes on Mollusca collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska. (Am. J, of Con. IV, p. 151, 1868.) Tufts, Samuel, Jr. — A List of Shells collected at Swampscot, Lynn and vicinity. (Proc. Essex Inst. I, p. 30, 1856.) Walton, John. — The Mollusca of Monroe County, N. Y. (Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci. II, p. 13, 1892.) Walker, R. D., & Coolidge, W. H., Jr Mollusca of Keene, New Hampshire. (Naut. XXII, p. 32, 1908.) Whiteaves, J. F. — List of Land and Fresh-water Shells from the District of Keewatin. (Rep, Geol. Surv. of Canada, 1905, p. 6.) 32 THE NAUTILUS. Whiteaves, J. F. — List of some Fresh-water Shells from North- western Ontario and Keewatin. (Ottawa Nat. XX, pp. 31-2, 1906.) Explanation op Plate I. All the figures are x 2, except Fig. 10, which is x 3. Fig. 1. P. bicarinatus aroostookensis Fils. Collins' Mill Pond, Me. Fig. 2. P. bicarinatus aroostookensis (topotype). Salmon Brook, Me. Fig. 3. P. bicarinatus Say (typical). Delaware River, Phil- lipsburg, N. J. Figs. 4 and 5. P. bicarinatus angistomus Hald. Independence Lake, Washtenaw Co., Mich. Figs. 6-8. P. bicarinatus unicarinatus Hald (type). Schuyl- kill River, Pa. Fig. 9. P. bicarinatus portagensis Baker (cotype). Portage Lake, Me. Fig. 10. P. bicarinatus corrugatus Currier (type). Perch Lake, Kent Co., Mich. Fig. 11. P. bicarinatus royalensis Walker (type). Siskowit Lake, Isle Royale, Mich. Fig. 12. P. bicarinatus percarinatus Walker (type). Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich. NOTES. An internal septum in Holospira bartschi. — In a specimen of this snail cut open there is a vertical septum across the cavity at about the middle of the eighth whorl. It is concave on the lower side, as in many Urocoptidce. To abandon the early whorls is very common in Antillean and the larger Mexican forms but has not be- fore been noticed in Holospira. The internal column in H. bartschi is very nearly one-third the diameter of the shell at the widest part, but it decreases to about one-fourth in the penultimate whorl. — H. A. PiLSBRY. The Nautilus. Vol.. XXIII. JULY, 1909. No. 8. A 8PBIN0 COLLECTING TBIP. Notes on Hew England NudibrancliB II. BT FRANCIS N. BA.LCH. In a recent number of the "Nautilus"' I recorded two occur- rences of nudibranchs at Cobasset, Mass., indicating marked local condensation of the partly grown Eolid population during the time of a supposed autumn migration of the year's brood to deeper water?. The condensation of adults at the breeding season is of quite a different order and much more familiar. The supposition is that the year's adults migrate from deep water to the shore, there to spend a brief mating season, spawn, and (for the most part) die. It is well known that early spring is the breeding season for most of the species, while others appear to select late autumn or winter — facts which go far to explain our woeful ignorance of this group in this country. At times, in other countries, these mating forms have been found abundant and gregarious to such an extent as to justify the expression " swarming " for the habit.' iVol. xxii, No. 2, June, 1908, pp. 13-16. "Two interesting New England Nudibranch Records." The subtitle " Notes on New England Nudibranchs. I." was accidentally omitted by the printer. P. 15, top line, after word "and" insert "T." For other errata see Nautilus, xxii. No. 6, Oct., 1908, p. 60. 'I use the term "swarming" in this paper to indicate a distinct gathering together, in relatively great abundance, for breeding. Eliot ("On some Nudibranchs from East Africa and Zanzibar." Pt. V.; P. Z. S., 1904, ii, p. 87) furnishes a description of such a "swarming" of Trevelyana crocea, 34 THE NAUTILUS. From April 26 to 30, 1908, I was able to devote a short vacation exclusively to a minute examination, as exhaustive as time permit- ted, of the nudibranch life on two short stretches of coast suitable for breeding Eolid nudibranchs. The first was a stretch of granite ledges and piles of broken boulders at Rocky Neck, in Gloucester Harbor; the second a stretch of granite ledges at Brace's Cove, on the outer (eastern) side of Eastern Point, Gloucester, Mass. The localities were quite unlike in biological character, though resembling each other as shore formations. The Rocky Neck locality was bathed by the comparatively warm and still waters of the harbor, thick with larvae, eggs, spores and organic debris of all kinds. In- numerable small and rather deep pools among the broken boulders, thickly hung and often completely choked with fuci, sheltered abundant animal life, including Metridium and hydroids. The Brace's Cove locality was pounded by the eternal surf of the open Atlantic, and the water was noticeably colder and crystal-clear. The pools on the massive ledges were much larger, shallower and more open. Corralines were abundant, hydroids and Metridium much fewer. a Polycerid from Zanzibar, as follows: "* * * this form provided a most strik- ing case of the migration of molluscs in flocks to shallow water for the deposi- tion of spawn. But a few specimens were collected before a certain period of a few days' duration, when the sand of Chuaka Bay just below low-tide mark was occupied by astonishing numbers * * *. These were not washed up by accident, but were all actively ciawling on the sand among the weeds, etc. Many were in coitu, and when placed in basins of sea-water most of the speci- mens were soon engaged in copulation or the deposition of yellow egg-ribbons. By-and-by the swarm disappeared to some unknown permanent habitat. If this were in the deeper channels of the bay (1 to 2 fathoms deep at low tide) they must have been found there by dredging. As this was not the case it seems most probable that the migrations of these tiny animals extend to and from the deep sea three or more miles away." One may be permitted to guess that the "unknown permanent habitat" to which "the swarm disappeared" was that bourne from which no traveler returns ! Quite jjrobably the form may be found to be strictly annual with little or no overlap of generations, as I believe is the case with various of our own forms. Either the young escape observation till just about the breeding season (possibly making a very sudden and rapid growth at that time which may be marked by a change in food supply) or else, and more probably, the young straggle back to deep water as they grow stronger, but while still small, and, there attaining their growth, make a sudden descent (or ascent!) upon the shore en masse at the next call of the breeding impulse. THE NAUTILUS. 35 No temperatures were taken, for on the face of it the temperature was uot tlie controlling factor at that time and place, the same forms and spawn occurring indifferently in shallow, sun-warmed pools pleasant to the hands, and in deep, unsunned crevices at extreme low tide when one's breath condensed in clouds over the numbing water. This is not to say that temperature may not be the control- ling factor in the initiation of the migration impulse or even in the actual deposition of spawn, which latter may perhaps always take place at high water when the temperature conditions of the pools would be equalized. The section worked at Rocky Neck did not exceed 300 yards in length, and at Brace's Cove about 200. Three days were given to the former and one to the latter. Every day-light tide was worked industriously, and attention was wholly concentrated on nudibranchs. The " census" was as follows: Coryphella rufibranckialis manavensis (Stimps.),^ typical, 43 speci- mens collected and about 30 more seen — total, say 75. All but 6 at Rocky Neck. All well-grown, if not fully adult, except three or four apparently about half-gi-own. Coryphella riijibranchialis chocolata var. nov. Externally not separable by me from the foregoing except by the color of the cores of the cerata and of the body, which is a true chocolate-brown, dark for the cerata, light for the body, as contrasted with the varied reds (varying from pink to ginger, salmon and scarlet) of the typical form. The dentition and internal anatomy have not yet been examined, but as there is undoubtedly intergrading in the color, no very dis- tinctive character should be anticipated. I have seen this form before, but never more than one or two specimens at a time. As a mere color variety (and for all we actually know, a mere physiological phase) it may be thought not worth a name. At the same time the intergrades are few and the series incomplete; and the chocolate forms, in life, occurred markedly segregated from the others. It is at least possible to point out a tangible character by which it differs from typical mananensis, which no one has yet done for the differen- tiation of mananetisis from rvfibrancMalis. Should mavanensis prove ' So called by me for the present in the provisional belief that Stimpson's form — if separable at all, which I doubt— is only a variety of the European form. Our knowledge, and consequently the nomenclature, of the group of red-gilled Eolids on this coast is in deplorable condition. 36 THE NAUTILUS. a complete synonym (as Gould thought it), or a variety (as I con- sider it), then chocolata should be written as above; but if mananensis is a valid species (as Professor Verrill holds), then chocolata may be written as its variety pending further knowledge. Ten specimens collected, all at Rocky Neck. Aeolidiella papillosa (L.). It is a question whether our American form may not be as well worth a varietal name as our form of Cory- phella rufihranchialis. Both species are, in European waters, noted for their variability, and have enormous synonymies. I think it much the same sort of question as that whether it is worth while to distinoruish our form of Purpura lapillus — doubtless it is extremely close to the European form, and no one has yet pointed out a con- stant diagnostic difference, yet an American lot could hardly be confused with a European lot. Our form of the present species, in my experience, runs shorter, stouter, pinker and less variegated than the European form, as shown by the numerous and excellent figures accessible. No diagnostic character has been found in the dentition. Eight specimens collected, of which four at each locality ; one a giant of 9 cm., one of an ordinary full adult size of about 6 cm., three smaller adults of 4-5 cm., and one young of about 1 cm. Cratena veronica Verrill. One specimen about 1.8 cm. long, taken at Rocky Neck among a thick growth of undetermined hydroids, agreed very closely with Verrill's description of this rare and un- figured species. It was kept alive four days during which colored drawings were made, and then preserved for dissection. Galvina picta (A. &c H.), one specimen, adult. Rocky Neck, on hydroids. Doto coronata (Gmel.), one specimen, adult. Rocky Neck, on hydroids. Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius), three specimens, one large adult of about 6 cm., two about half that size; the latter at Rocky Neck, the former at Brace's Cove. Acanthodoris pilosa (Miiller), one specimen of about 1 cra.> at Brace's Cove. LamelUdoris aspera (A. & H.),' eighteen specimens, 5 mm. to 12 mm. long, all but three or four at Brace's Cove, on Corallines. iQur knowledge of the difficult and critical group of species centering around L. aspera and including a number of quite ineufificiently characterized American forms has not reached a point where identifications can be looked on as reliable. THE NAUTILUS. Ancula crittata sulplwrea (Stimps.), one young specimen of about 8 mm., at Brace's Cove. It seems best to prestrve Stimpson's name at any rate in a varietal sense though Bergh has united it with cristata. The differential character of the lower origin of the ante- rior appendages of the rhinophores is fully confirmed by my observa- tion and seems pretty constant. Total about 119 individuals, falling into 9 genera and 10 species or varieties. _».. . The picture of local nudibranch life obtained from this bit of intensive collecting is tolerably clear. Goryphella rufibranchialis mananensis appears to have been "swarm- ing," not in the sense that it was enormously numerous — for the total figures are not impressive — but in the sense that adults were locally gathered together in far greater numbers than normal and with a distinctly gregarious habit, e. g., six or eight in one pool, none in the next, rarely alone. The specimens ran remarkably uniform in size and lent support to the view that the species is an annual. None were seen in coitu either in the pools or in three days of cap- tivity, but spawn was abundant and probably mating was about over for the year. Alder and Hancock say of the British form: ''met with * * * in April, May and June, when it has attained its full size and is spawning. * ♦ * In August and September the young are found considerably advanced." I believe our form will be found to have a more concentrated breeding season. What has been said applies equally to the chocolate variety. Aeolidia papillosa gave some slight indication of "swarming" in that it was considerably more numerous than normal, and gregarious in habit. But this was not nearly as marked as in the foregoing and the sizes were so conspicuously not uniform as to look against its being an annual. What I have seen in this and other years would fit well with its being a bi- or tri-annual with a "swarming" habit slightly later than that of C. mananensis and not so well marked. The spawn was fairly abundant and all of a deep rose color whereas Alder and Hancock say of the spawn of the British form that it is " occasionally white, but generally has a pinkish tinge, and is some- times distinctly rose-colored." They give the breeding season as " spring and summer months." The other forms taken present no indication of a sexual " i-warm- 38 THE NAUTILUS. in'T." It is true LamelHdoris aspera occurred in some numbers but the individuals varied much in size, were not markedly gregarious, and no spawn or coition was seen. The species seems to be a fairly- common one at most times and according to Alder and Hancock breeds in May, June and July, — if indeed our species be identical. None of the species taken are rarities except the var. chocolata (which, however, I have several times seen before) and Cratena veronica, which has not before been publicly reported since its origi- nal description, but has been taken a few times by Verrill in com- paratively deep water. The present specimen is about three-quarters the size given by Verrill. One may hazard a guess that it will be found to have a shore breeding season sometime in the winter. The other species are those we have often with us on the shore in very small numbers. While such of them as are hydroid feeders are almost necessarily to some extent gregarious, I know of no account of anything like a " swarming " of any of them except Ancula cristata} There is a certain fascination about the mysterious appearances and disappearances of these beautiful wanderers, and the first student fully to master a nudibranch (or at any rate an Eolid) life-history will have an interesting story to tell. A collecting trip like this gives endless opportunity for alleged " observations " on " protective " and "warning," coloration and the like, which would be worth recording if fishes or other enemies looked with human eyes, from air into water, in full daylight, and from on top. Any true advance in this direction must be along the lines of work like Herdman and Clubb's most interesting experiments.'* 52 Eliot St., Jamaica Plain, Fehmary, 1909. 1 Herdman and Clubb. Third Report upon the Nudibranchiata of the L. M. B. C. District, Proc. and Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc, iv, 1890, p. 134. "This species {A. cristata) was found * * * in April, 1890, and we took it in extra- ordinary profusion * * * in March, 1890. On one reef of rocks especially, a little way above low-water mark, there must have been many thousands of specimens present. For yards it was impossible to walk without treading on them, and handfuls were readily collected by scraping the specimens together from the mud-covered rocks." It should be remembered that for some reason the British coast supports nudibranch life in a vastly greater abundance of individuals, as well as of species, than ours does. ^ Loc. cii., ante, pp. 150-163. THE NAUTILUS. 39 NEW ENGLAND PYRAMIDELLID^, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. BY HENRY AY. AYINKLEY. A very excellent work on the New England Pyramidellidce by Mr. Paul Bartsch has just been published by the Boston Society of Natural History. Specimens from the writer's cabinet were used in compiling this work. Unfortunately there are some omissions. I can blame no one but myself. My excuse is that my specimens were packed and stored, and a few collected later had not been worked up. Hence this supplement. Turbonilla {Ptycheulimelld) polita Verrill. Four specimens (de- termined by Verrill) are in the author's cabinet. The tw-o best ones have ten whorls, and measure 7.5 mm. They are from Eastport, Maine. Five specimens of Odostomia, collected at Provincetown, have the many lines of trifida hedequensis. They are about the size and shape of the P. E. I. specimens, and probably of that variety. Odostomia {Odostomia) modesta ^UTa\>^o-a. Two excellent speci- mens of this species were found at Provincetown. They are slightly larger than the specimen used to illustrate Bartsch's article. Odostomia bisuturalis. An interesting variety lacking the revolv- ing line, occurs at Provincetown. Mention may be made of three pathological specimens of this species found at the same place. Deep sutures and everted lip, they are one of nature's jokes. Pyramidella (Sulcorinella) bartschi n. sp. Fig. Shell broadly conic, semi-transparent, vitreous. Nuclear whorls small, deeply obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, 40 THE NAUTU.LS. above which only the tilted edge of the last volution projects. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, moderately contracted at the sutures and appressed at the summit, which falls in the middle of the peripheral sulcus. Periphery of the last whorl somewhat inflated, marked by a moderately deep sulcus, which is bounded on each side by a slender raised thread. Base short, well rounded, with a moderately broad umbilicus. Entire surface of spire and base marked by strong lines of growth and numerous fine spiral striations. Aperture large, rhomboidal ; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; columella slender, curved and revolute, provided with a strong fold at its insertion. The type is in the Winkley collection, and comes from Woods Holl, Mass. It has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures, length 3.2 mm., diameter 1.6 mm. I take pleasure in naming this for Mr. Paul Bartsch, of the Smith- sonian Institution, and wish to express my thanks to him and Dr. Dall for their help on this and other species. Mr. Bartsch writes concerning the above: "The single specimen is a most interesting one; it represents a group (^SnJcoriveUa) not heretofore reported living." A NEW CABIinFEX FItOM THE SANTA CLABA LAKE BEDS (PLIOCENE), CALIFOBNIA. BY HAROLD HANNIBAL. Carinifex SANCT^CLAR^ n. sp. Shell small (for the genus), heavy, subglobular; spire depressed ; whorls three, inflated, subcarinate at outer margin above, from which the shell slopes concavely upward to a raised ridge bordering a nar- row, rather deep sutural groove. Umbilicus narrow, marked off by a sharp carina; lip complete, semilunar, full, reflexed below. Shell marked by moderate, diagonal growth-lines, occasionally raised into coarse ridges. Alt. 5 mm., lat. 8 mm. Type locality: Near Los Gatos Limestone Quarry, Los Gatos, Santa Cruz Mts., Cal. This species is easily recognized by the concave upper surface of the whorls. It varies somewhat in size, some specimens being twice as large as the type, which is probably just mature. It and Amnicola yatesiana J. G. C. are the two characteristic THE NAOTILUS. 41 species of the Santa Clara Lake beds. Cooper' listed it as Gari- nifex newberryi var. minor, which he had described previously, from Clear Lake (living). The two have nothing specific in common except their size. Associated with these two species at various points about the val- ley are the following species still living in northern California : Anodonta cygiiea nuttalliana Lea. Anodonta angulata Lea. Pompholyx effusa Lea. Valvata virens Tryon. In addition there are several indeterminate forms, an excellent flora, and fragments of mammalian bones. The figure, which will appear in a later issue, represents the type, X 2, from a photograph by John Howard Paine, of Stanford Uni- versity. Stanford University, Cal. NOTE OF PLAN0EBI8 BINWEYI TEYON. BT FRANK COLLINS BAKER. Mr. Winkley's note on " Variation " in the last Nautilus is very interesting, and most of the examples given are characteristic. On page 16, however, there is a reference to Planorhis which shows that several species have been confused. The Dalton shells are hinneyt and not trivolvit, as I have ascertained recently from an examination of specimens in the Boston Society of Natural History, received from Mr. Winkley. This large Planorbi$, surpassed only by the magnijicus of Pilsbry, has often been confused with trivolvis, most authors overlooking Tryon's reference to this species in his review of Binney's work in the American Journal of Conchology. P. binneyi is a northern form, in many localities replacing trivolvit. I have collected it in Tomahawk Lake, Wisconsin, and in the St» Lawrence River at Thousand Island Park. It may be known by its- large size, very wide whorls and pronounced longitudinal sculpture^ Specimens of the same size are much wider than trivolvis and more 'Cooper, J. Q., Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), iv, p. 1T2, 1894. 42 THE NAUTILUS. corpulent. It has been identified as corpulentus Say, but this is a totally different species, the characters of which have been very fully described by Mr. Bryant Walker in a previous volume of the Nautilus. It would be interesting to know the exact range of binneyi, and I would suggest that conchologists generally examine their collections for this species, sending the information to either Mr. Walker, of Detroit, or to me (or to both of us). A large amount of exact data is needed to accurately determine the range of the various species of fresh-water pulmonates, and a few notes on this magnificent Planorhis will aid materially in this direction. PISIDIUM MAECI, N. SP. BY V. STERKI. Mussel rather small, well inflated, high, slightly inequipartite and oblique, with outlines well rounded; superior margin short, nearly sti'aight, with a rounded angle at its posterior end and a very slightly marked one at the anterior; posterior and inferior margins forming one regular, nearly circular curve, supero-anterior slope slightly marked ; beaks little posterior, large, somewhat flattened, well promi- nent; surface shining, with medium fine, irregular striae and several distinct lines of growth, the upper one marking off the nepionic mussel (as in MuscuUum); color straw to yellowish-horn,^ with slightly marked lighter and darker zones; hinge short, rather slight, but well formed, with a short ligament, plate narrow; cardinal teeth somewhat curved ; the right one moderately long, its posterior part thicker and grooved; left anterior very short, " high," abrupt, thin, the posterior almost longitudinal, twice as long as the anterior, less " high," slightly thicker and grooved in its posterior part; lateral cusps short, pointed, the outer ones of the right valve smaller but distinct, not pointed. Long. 3.5, alt. 3.4, diam. 2.5 mm. Habitat: Mt. Leidy, Utah, at 10,000 feet, in a stagnant pond, collected by Mr. Marcus H. l)all (son of Dr. Wm. H. Dall), in whose honor the species is named, on September 18, 1905. This Pisidium appears not to be closely related to any of our ' Most specimens appear brownish from the dried soft parts. THE NAUTILUS. AB described species, and cannot be referred to one, even taking into account the high altitude and the nature of the locality. It some- what resembles some high forms of P. scutellatum St., but is less oblique, has broader beaks, and the surface strife are coarser. The short, pointed inner lateral cusps of the right valve are notable. The nine specimens in the lot are remarkably uniform, two of them somewhat over half grown, the others apparently mature. The one opened for examining the hinge contained no visible embryos. The types are in the U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 187491. NOTES. A Giant Squid. — I received a letter to-day (April 2, 1909) from Provincetown which contains an item I think should go on record. It is as follows: " The schooner ' Annie Perry ' found a giant squid off Highland Light, Truro, Mass., last week and tried to hoist it on board the vessel, but the rope cut the body in half. It was perfectly fresh, and the crew took some of it for bait and caught quite a number of fish. I saw one of the tentacles which they brought ashore, and it was per- fectly fresh then. It was seven feet six inches long, and the suckers were as large as a silver quarter. A piece of the body was, I should think, four inches in thickness and the tentacles must have been four inches in diameter at the larger end." The above must be the first record of the giant squid on our coast^ although they must exist off shore in deeper water. I have written to see if I can secure the beaks or any part to aid in its identification. (April 16, 1909.) I have received a little more information in regard to the giant squid taken off Highland Light, Truro. A letter to-day says: " The captain of the vessel who took the squid says it was a very little larger than their dory, w-hich is 16 or 17 feet in length. The tentacle which they brought ashore was 1^ feet long and had ' sucker cups ' the whole length of it." [This would show it was one of the shorter tentacles.] " The whole animal was shaped like the common squid, that is, the body was not globular like the cuttlefish, but had fins or flippers on the tail just like the common squid. The piece which I wrote about was cut out of the side, and about four inches thick, and the whole body was about as large around (circumference) 44 THE NAUTILUS. as a fish-barrel. The tentacle was 7^ feet long, four inches thick at the big end, and tapering away to a point." The above is what was written to me, but my correspondent could not get any of the suckers, as the tentacle was thrown away before he received my letter J. Henry Blake. 18 Prentiss St., Cambridge, Mass. Dk. Victor Sterki, of New Philadelphia, Ohio, known for his work on North American Sphaeriida and Pupillida, has been ap- pointed an assistant in conchology in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg. Dr. Sterki's collection became the property of the Museum some years ago. Ferguson Collection It will no doubt be a matter of in- terest to the readers of The Nautilus to know that the large and important collection of the late David Wilson Ferguson has been presented to Columbia University by his sons, W. C. Ferguson, Esq., and Professor George A. Ferguson, of Columbia. A room has been assigned for the exhibition of the collection in its entirety. — C. Dayton Gwyer. The Conchological Magazine. — "With the April number (Vol. iii, No. 4), Mr. Y. Hirase has decided to suspend the publica- tion of his journal until about May, 1910, when "No. 5, Vol. iii, will be sent to you in a finer and larger form." It is to be hoped that conchologists will support more generally this valuable publica- tion, the plates alone being worth more than its subscription price. In the later numbers many new species have been described. The August number of The Nautilus will again be omitted, owing to the absence of the editors during the greater part of July and August. The usual number of pages will be given by increased size of other months. The latest test when he comes home at 2 a. m. is to make him try to sing the chorus of the song : She eells eeaBhellB oo the seashore, The shells she sells are seashells, I'm sure, For if she sells seashells on the seashore, Then I'm enre she sells seashore shells. If he can, he's all right. IHE NAUTILUS, XXIII. m- ,.^ IS* ■ ' »• »•■ - - . ■-'--■ .-'-.. „ -ii ^ i? s ;: 1 V • • m m -tj- I— M • 7 y io i_ \ fS^T^ ) J _ "* \ (IT ° V A )\ lb 1 ' »o% • \^ ■^_v '" -■ •• DISTRIBBUTION OF PLANORBIS BICARINATUS. 44 as a the 1 T not he r< U D work poin Dr. year F teref impc pre8< and assig Day Tj (Vol tion will that tioD, In tl Ti owin and . size ( Ti try t. If he The Nautilus. Vol. XXIII. AUGUST-SEPTEMBER. 1909. No. 4 UOLLTJSKS FBOM XOBTHEASTEBN MEXICO. BY H. A. PILSBRT. These shells were collected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley during the past winter, in the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The Panuco river system has proved to be unexpectedly rich in fresh-water mollusks, having a fine group of Umomdce, a remarkable lot of Pachychili, a new genus of PleuroceratidcB, a Gundlachia, and various interesting Amnieolida. Among the latter there are several genera unlike any known American forms, and related to genera of the Old World. I have elsewhere called attention to a little snail found by Mr. Hinkley last year, Coilostele tampicoensis, which is closely allied to species of Spain, Syria and Arabia, but of a genus not before known in the western world. The two genera following, Emmericia and Pterides, seem to be similarly allied to European groups, and are certainly quite unlike any other American Amnieolida yet known. Emmericia. This genus was established by the late Professor Spiridion Brusina, of Agram, for a group of fresh -water snails resembling Bithynia in shape, but having a paucispiral operculum and a thickened, ex- panded lip, behind which there is a rounded ridge or wave. The species inhabit Dalmatia and the adjacent region around the head of the Adriatic Sea. The commonest and typical species is E. patula (Brumati). Several species found in the state of San Luis Potosi by Mr. Hinkley are so close to Emmericia in conchological characters that I do not feel justified in separating them generically from that group, 46 THE NAUTILUS. though when the soft parts and operculum come to hand it is quite possible that the Mexican snails may prove to be generically distinct from the Dalmatian. They differ chiefly by wanting a swelling be- hind the expanded lip, and for this reason I erect for them the sub- genus Emmericiella, type E. novimundi. The Oriental group Tricula Benson, with a few Indian and Philippine species, resembles Emmericiella, but the inner lip is straightened, making the aperture narrow and piriform. Emmericia (Emmericiella) novimundi n. sp. PI. 5, figs. 9, 10. The shell is imperforate but openly rimate, rather solid, ovate- conic, smooth and glossy. The spire is straightly conic, apex obtuse, the tip being depressed. Whorls 4^, convex, separated by rather deep sutures ; last whorl well rounded, ascending to the aperture. The aperture is oblong, vertical, or has the basal lip a little ad- vanced. Peristome continuous, well expanded, thickened on the face and within ; the outer lip is just peroeptibly retracted near the upper insertion ; basal margin well rounded ; columella concave, thick. Parietal callus heavy, adnate, but with distinct edge in fully adult shells, spreading forward in front of the aperture. Length 3.1, diam. 1.9 mm.; longest axis of aperture, including peristome 1.65 mm. (fig. 10). Bank of Choy River near the cave, State of San Luis Potosi. The specimens are bleached ; color in life unknown. These are two perfect examples of the same size. With these are associated several decidedly larger shells, in which the apex is broken, prob- ably one whorl being lost. One of these — figured in profile, fig. 9 — measures, length 3.5, aperture 1.9 mm., 4 whorls remaining. Emmericia (Emmericiella) longa n. sp. PI. 5, figs. 11, 12. The shell resembles E. novimundi but is more shortly rimate, of a turrited shape, with 5^ more convex whorls. Aperture is more produced forward below, and the parietal callus spreads forward less. The outer and basal margins are well expanded. Length 4,1, diam. 2, longest axis of aperture including lip 1.6 mm. Two complete and one broken specimen, found with the preceding species. The new subgenus Emmericiella is proposed for American Emmericiae, in which there is no wave or ridge behind the lip-ex- pansion, and the columellar margin of the aperture is built forward THE NAUTILUS, XXIII. PLATE V. 11 12 EMMERICIA AND PTERIDES. THE NAUTILUS. 47 more tlian in European forms, forming a conspicuously rimate um- bilical region. Type E. novimundi. Pterides, n. gen. The shell is minute, rimate, long and narrow, composed of many convex whorls, (7 to 10 in known species); apex obtuse, the first whorl large. Aperture small, diagonal, elliptical, the peristome thin, continuous, expanded throughout or at the ends, where it is re- tracted to form shallow spout-like sinuses. Operculum and soft parts unknown. Type P. pterostoma. These remarkable little snails are without relatives among known American genera. They may be compared only with a genus found about forty years ago in the flood-debris of the rivers of southern France and Spain, and described by Bourguignat under the generic name Paladilhia,^ and with another group, Laktktia^ described from quaternary fossils found around Paris, but now known to inhabit subterranean waters and springs of central Europe, where most of the German species have been described as Vitrella Clessin. Both Pahidilhia and Lartetia are small, slender shells with the aperture ovate, the outer lip bending forward below, retracted near the upper insertion. In Paladilhia there is a rather narrow, Pleuro- tomoid notch above, leaving a sort of indistinct sinus-band; in Lartetia there is only a broad, rounded sinus. In my opinion the two groups are not generically distinct, Lartetia being at most a subgenus ol Paladilhia.^ These forms, and especially the Lartetia, are apparently the nearest allies of the Mexican Pterides, which differs from them chiefly by the diagonal, oblong aperture with broadly expanding lip. ^Paladilhia Bourguignat, Monographic du Genre Palad., 1865. The type, P. pleurotorna Bgt., is a snail measuring 4x2 mm., found in the drift debris of the Lez, a little river near Montpellier, dept. de I'H^rault, and believed to in- habit subterranean watercourses. ^Lartetia Bourguignat, Catalogue des Mollusques terrestres et fiuviatiles des environs de Paris a I'^poque Quaternaire (in E. Belgrand : Le Seine — 1, Le Bassin Parisien aux ages Ant^historiques), pp. 15, 17 (1869). Type L. bel- grandi Bgt. * The normal forms of the genus are those called Lartetia, Paladilhia being an extreme development in one or two species only ; but the latter name has priority for the genus, having been described in 1865, while Lartetia dates from 1869. 48 THE NAUTILUS. Pterides pterostoma n. sp. PI. 5, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6. The shell is rimate, long and slender, composed of numerous slowly increasing, strongly convex whorls. Apex obtuse. Aperture diagonal, obliquely oval. Peristome thin, continuous, very broadly expanded, retracted and more broadly spreading at the two ends, where it is somewhat spout-like. Color unknown, the specimens being bleached. Length 2.25, diam. of last whorl above aperture .75 mm.; longest axis of aperture 1.1 mm.; whorls 7 (figs. 5, 6). Length 2.75, diam. above aperture .8, longest axis of aperture 1.2 mm.; whorls 8| (figs. 1, 2). Eight specimens examined. There is considerable variation in length and number of whorls. Figs. 5, 6 represent the type. Pterides rhabdus n. sp. PI. 5, figs. 3, 4. The shell is very slender, slowly tapering to the rather large sum- mit, composed of nearly 10 very convex whorls separated by a deep suture ; last whorl very convex. Aperture small, elliptical, diag- onal, rounded at both ends. Peristome thin, continuous, somewhat expanded, deeply sinused above, the parietal margin adnate for a short distance. Length 3, diam. above aperture .75, longest axis of aperture .7 mm. Choy River near the cave, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. This species is much narrower than P. pterostoma, with more whorls and a smaller aperture. The outer lip may perhaps become more expanded with further growth ; if so it would apparently be like that of P. pterostoma. Described from a single specimen. While it may possibly prove to be an extreme form of P. pterostoma, I do not feel justified in uniting such unlike forms without evidence of inter- gradation. Pterides bisinulabris n. sp. PI. 5, figs. 7, 8. The shell is rery slender, slowly tapering from the very obtuse apex, composed of 8 smooth, strongly convex whorls, the last half of the last whorl free from the preceding. Aperture diagonal, ellipti- cal, the peristome continuous, free, thin, hardly expanding except at the two ends, where it is retracted, slightly produced and flaring. The outer margin is arched a little more than the inner. Length 2.5, diam. above aperture .7, longest axis of the aperture .65 mm. THE NAUTILUS, XXKl PLATE IV. NEW CUBAN LAND SHELLS. THE NAUTILUS. 49 Gannina River, three miles S.-W. of San Dieguito, State of San Luis Potosi. A single specimen taken. Smaller than P. pterostoma with the last whorl free, the aperture sinused at both ends, and the lip hardly expanded. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW CUBAN LAND SHELLS. BY t)R. CARLOS DE LA TORRE, HAVANA, CUBA. Macroceramus hendersoni n. sp. PI. 4, fig. 5. The shell is perforate, conic-turrited, thin, the last 5 whorls corneous-brown, profusely and finely mottled with opaque white, with a series of irregular, lengthened brown spots at the periphery, showing abovt the suture on the spire ; first 2^ whorls blackish- brown, the next two dark, broadly maculate with white. Surface glossy, the first 4 whorls smooth, the rest closely and finely striate, the striae low, as wide as their intervals, and very oblique. The spire is straightly conic, apex rather acute. Whorls 11, slightly convex, separated by a smooth suture, the last whorl well rounded peripherally and beneath. Aperture very oblique, ovate, marked with brown inside. Peristome expanded and reflexed, yellow or pale red. Columella brown, short, dilated, and having a rather strong but short fold above. Parietal callus transparent. The in- ternal axis is slender and distinctly twisted spirally. Length 19, diam. 9.5, length of aperture 8 mm. Length 20, diam. 9.8, length of aperture 8 mm. Length 18, diam. 9.5, length of aperture 8 mm. Sierra de Cubitas, Camaguey, Cuba. This species is very distinct from all others now known, differing from the canimarensis group by the total absence of a basal carina, and from the forms prevalent in Eastern Cuba by its thin texture, sculpture and coloration. It is one of the largest and finest of the Cuban species. The coloration is very well shown in the figure. Besides the profuse and fine mottling with white there are occasional longitudinal white flames, bordered on the left side with dark, unmarked spaces. Chondropoma hendersoni n. sp. PI. 4, fig. 6. The shell is umbilicate, conic-turrite, narrowly truncate, rather solid. Last four whorls rather closely and subregularly marked 50 THE NAUTILUS. with slightly oblique stripes of red-brown, ochre, blue aiul white, the base red with white radial streaks ; when whorls above the last four are retained they are scarlet with some white streaks. The surface is glossy, with traces of fine, nearly effaced growth- striae, and under close inspection some widely spaced lines may be seen, indicating periodicity in growth. Spiral sculpture consists of fine, distinct but low spiral threads, larger ones at intervals : 4, 5, or 6 smaller striae between the larger ; around the umbilicus the striae are coarser, alternately larger, and latticed by tlie growth-striae. Above the penultimate whorl the spirals are subequal. The spire is straightly conic, with 4 whorls below the tongue-shaped apical sep- tum ; but an empty whorl or more persists above the septum. The whorls are strongly convex, separated by a smooth, simple and deep suture, which close to the aperture descends a little more rapidly, the last whorl becoming free there for a short distance. The aperture is vertical, slightly longer than wide ; the outer side more convex than the inner; reddish-brown inside. Peristome thin, the inner half nearly white, outer half brown-tinted ; broadly reflexed throughout, a little retracted above and below, slightly produced in a short lobe above. Operculum unknown. Length 25, diam. 15.5 mm.; aperture with perist. 12 mm. long.; 4 whorls remaining. Length 27, diam. 15 mm.; aperture with perist. 12 mm. long., 5 wliorls remaining. Sierra del Anc6n, northwest of Vinales, prov. Pinar del Rio, Cuba. This magnificent species is related to C hamlini var. major Crosse (Jour, de Conchyl., 1890, p. 300, pi. v, f. 6 a, b). but that is a far smaller shell, length about 17 mm., with chestnut-brown streaks ex- tending upon the base. The figure in black and white gives a poor idea of the beautiful coloring of this shell, which is named in honor of my friend, John B. Henderson, Jr. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW CUBAN LAND SHELLS. BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR. Helicina torrei n. sp. PI. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3. The shell is depressed, very solid, the last whorl cream-white, gradually changing on the penultimate to sulphur-yellow, the color THE NAUTILUS. 51 of the spire. The surface is lusterless, with sculpture of strongly raised, rough spiral ridges parted by much wider concave intervals. On the last whorl there are 18 such ridges, stronger and more widely separated in the peripheral region. The intervals are obliquely roughly striate, and the wider ones above the periphery have also a few spiral threads. Six spiral ridges show on the pen- ultimate whorl. They gradually become weaker on the spire. The embryonic whorl is rather large (2 mm. diam ), and smooth except for faint radial stria?. Whorls 4, rapidly widening, almost flat, the last whorl descends shortly to tlie aperture, and is convex beneath. Aperture large, flaring, strongly oblique, white with a trace of yel- low within. The peristome is well expanded, thickened within some distance from the edge. There is a transverse tubercle at the junction of columella and basal lip. The axial callus is pure white, not very thick, spreading within nearly to the outer termination of the lip. Edge of parietal callus is very thin. Alt. 15.5, diam. 26.5 mm. Operculum calcareous, shining, bluish-white with iridescent lights, reddish on margins and densely covered with minute granules separated by species of about equal width. Collected by T. Wayland Vaughan at Los Negros, 25 miles southeast of Bayamo in the province of Oriente, Cuba, in woods on low limestone hills. This superb species I take pleasure in naming after Dr. Carlos de la Torre of Havana. Cepolis alauda cymatia n. subsp. PI. 4, fig. 4. The shell closely resembles C. alauda avellanea (F^r.) in texture and coloration, but differs by its more elevated, more conic spire, and by having a strong oblique crest behind the lip. Alt. 24, diam. 28 mm.; whorls 5^. Cuba ; exact locality of the type unknown. This well-marked variety, not uncommon in collections, appears hitherto to have escaped observation. I have no doubt that in a critical revision ot the Coryda group this form will be given spe- cific rank. 52 THE NAUTILUS. BIFIDARIA ABMIFERA SAT, AND ITS VABIETIES. BY V, STERKI. It has long been known that B. armifera is variable with respect to some of its features, but it seems that no attempt has been made to ascertain whether there are any real, tangible varieties. Careful examination of about 2,000 specimens from many places,* during the last few months, has proved that, after eliminating B. clappi as a distinct species, there are several vrell-marked varieties, with features which are of interest also in a general way. B. armifera (Say) typical.* Shell more or less fusiform, decid- edly short to rather elongate and slender, vitreous, colorless to very pale horn, or slightly milky-white; surface shining, with compara- tively coarse, irregular striae; whorls 6|^-8, the average being about 7, the last somewhat rounded, keel-like, at the base, somewhat flat- tened over the palate, usually with a distinct, linear scar over the lower palatal plica; aperture rather large, rounded, peristome well everted, continuous, or its ends approximate, often with a connecting callus; inside the palate a rather strong, white callus into which the palatal plicae merge; parieto-angular lamellae rather large and long, distinctly complex, the angular connecting with the peristome, the spur * of the parietal small but distinct; columellar massive, encircling the column, with an annex downward and inward ; inferior col- umellar variable as to size, shape and position, sometimes a mere callus, often wanting ; lower palatal plica regular, rather long, stout, upper palatal much shorter and smaller; suprapalatal distinct or slight or wanting ; an interpalatal is not infrequent. Alt. 3.5-5, average 4-4.5, diam. 2.2-2.5 mm. Distributed over the whole area covered by the species. B. a. interpres, n. var. Near the typical form, generally some- what slender; inferior columellar lam. rather high up, the base is narrow inside and more keel-like outside; the aperture is narrowly rounded at the base, and from this feature specimens are easily rec- ognized. More than any other form this shows clearly that the so-called " basal " is really an inferior columellar. 'There are 160 entries in my collection of B. armifera and varieties, and many others were received for examination. ' Dr. Pilsbry had the kindness to look up Say's original specimens in the collection of the Phila. Acad., and wrote me that they are of this form. » See The Nautilub, XXII, p. 108, foot-note. THE NAUTILUS. 53 Distribution: Southern, especially southwestern; it appears to be the prevalent form in Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and thus repre- sents a geographical variety. B. a. iimilis, n. var. Averaging somewhat smaller; more cylin- drical, often more or less conical; whorls less convex; surface striae slighter; shell generally more milky-whitish, as noticed especially when a number of each, armifera and similis, are placed side by side; peristome never continuous, somewhat less everted; the columellar lam. is slighter, generally more protracted downward, the lower palatal is shorter, sometimes quite short; the spur of the parietal is larger. Distribution; Northern New York to Iowa, Minnesota, Ontario. £. a. affinis, n. var. Somewhat small and slight; near similis, but less cylindrical, rather somewhat oblong; whorls 6-6^, somewhat more convex than in similis., the last rounded at the base and little flattened over the palate, with none or a slight scar over the lower palatal plica; aperture somewhat rounded, peristome never continu- ous; parieto-angular lam. well connected with the peristome, spur of the parietal larger than in typical armifera; columellar nearly axial, a broad lamella, reaching down to the base, with distinct lines of growth, visible from the outside through the (fresh) shell below the umbilicus, as in B. contracta ; inferior columellar wanting or smalll lower palatal quite short, or even a transverse, short, abrupt lamella. Alt. 3.5-4, diam. 2.2-3 mm. Distribution: Northern Ohio, Michigan, Indiana to Minnesota and Kansas; seems rather scarce in the first-named States, common in Kansas. Found, e. g., on sandy dunes on Lake Erie in Ohio. It is notable and significant that both the columellar and the lower palatal in this form are of the same shape as in B. contracta, while in typical armifera they are quite different, yet the latter shows a tendency to having the peristome continuous, while in affinis its ends are always apart. B. a. abbreviata, n. var. Averaging rather small, slight, some- what fusiform to ovate or cylindro-conical; apex low, conical or rounded; whorls only 5^-6 (rarely 6^), little convex, with the penul- timate comparatively broader than in the other forms, the last rounded at the base, slightly flattened over the palate; color some- what milky-whitish; surface with a dullish gloss, striae fine and slight; aperture somewhat small; peristome moderately everted, its ends (in 54 THK NAUTILUS. mo8t forms) comparatively far apart ; lamellae and plicae : parieto- angular not or slightly connecting with the peristome, spur small; columellar rather as in typical armifera, but smaller, slighter; infe- rior columellar tooth-like, placed obliquely, more constant than in other forms as to size, shape and position; lower palatal regular but slight, often rather short; suprapalatal rather constant. Alt. 3.3—3.8, rarely 4-4.2, diam. 1.9-2.2 mm.; some specimens are low, almost globular, e. g., alt. 3.2, diam. 2.1 mm. Numerous specimens seen from Bismarck, N. D.; Eastport, la. (Missouri River drift); Lincoln, Neb.; Nickerson, Kans. As B. a. ruidosensis, Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell ^ has denoted a form from New Mexico: "Shell only 4 mm. long, with the two outer teeth a considerable distance within the aperture." The de- scription is somewhat meagre, but the variety may stand on its merits. There are, however, specimens from various places of New Mexico with the lower palatal plica rather short and rather remote from the margin, the columellar rather simple and comparatively small; alt. 3.8-4.2 mm.; they may be of ruidogensit. The interrelations of these forms will be discussed elsewhere, and figures given. B. armifera appeared to be rather well known, being the largest of the genus, fairly common over a wide territory, and probably the one best represented in collections. Yet a closer study of its forms has shown some interesting facts with respect to morphology, phy- logeny and distribution. As Mr. Clapp expressed it, with a view to this variation and the externally similar B. clappi : " We can no longer say that a Bifidaria is simply armifera because it is big and white." MOEE NOTES ON THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDJE. BY PAUL BARTSCH, M. S., PH. D. In the " American Journal of Science " for June, 1909, pp. 475- 484, Dr. K. J. Bush reviews my paper on the "PyramidellidaB of New England and the Adjacent Region," and discusses in a general 1 The Nadtilus, XIII, p. 36. The specimen referred to is not at hand, and I cannot remember exactly what it was. The type is in coll. Acad. Nat. Sciences. THE NAUTILUS. 55 way a number of other papers upon the same group published by Dr. Dall and myself, as well as some of her own and of Prof. Ver- rill's works upon the family. In this contribution quite a number of facts are presented, which are at variance with the data at my disposal. I am forced to pub- lish the following notes in order that there may be no misunderstand- ins. It is a great pity that Dr. Bush did not publish the manuscript she prepared in 1896. As it is, the MS. names have no standing and cannot enter into the discussion of the present work. I was not aware that Dr. Bush was working upon this group at the time 1 prepared my manuscript, her last publication upon it hav- ing appeared nine years ago, nor was I aware that Dr. Bush had seen Mr. Winkley's material, which was incorporated in my report, as was implied in her review. I wish likewise to disclaim any intended discourtesy in not acknowledging Dr. Bush's work in my intro- duction, for I considered both of her papers as extralimital. The one dealt with Carolinian, Floridian, West Indian and South Amer- ican species (with a reference to Turhonilla interrupta Totten); the other with Bermudan forms. The matter of classification is so fully discussed in the monograph on the West American Pyramidellidae by Dr. Dall and myself now going through the press, that I shall not refer to any of the state- ments concerning it here, but will refer any one interested in the subject to the forthcoming volume. I will say, however, that Pyrgostelis (which has no standing) was never used by us, Dr. Bush notwithstanding, and that Triptychus and Peristichia are Pyramidel- lid ; they have a sinistral nucleus and columellar folds, the family characters of the group. Here also I may say that Dr. Bush is in error when she states that Dr. Dall and myself furnished the text on the mollusks in Dr. Arnold's paper on the Paleontology and Strati- graphy of the marine Pliocene alid Pleistocene of California : Mem. Cala. Acad., Ill, 1903. We contributed only that part which deals with the Pyramidellidge. I believe that all of the present differences of opinion could have been avoided if Dr. Verrill had yielded to my request and had sent me specimens of what he considered typical representatives of some of the older species as well as some of those described by him- self. All of the early collections of northeastern American marine 56 THE NAUTILUS. invertebrates were placed in Professor Verrill's charge by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries for report, and have been in his care until very recently, when most of them were returned to the custody of the U. S. National Museum. It would seem only natural that I should have had specimens for comparison ; first, because they represented government material reported upon, and, secondly, because when Miss Bush was at work upon her southern report, Dr. Dall furn- ished her with cotypes and authentic material as requested, and as duly acknowledged in her report. I neither had nor have any desire to enter into a controversy with any one concerning these old species, the original descriptions of which in some instances are so poor that it is scarcely possible to re- fer them to the proper subgenus, and which in most cases might be applied to almost any member of a subgenus. No types are extant, some having been burned in the Chicago and Portland fires and others lost. There is only one of two ways open in dealing with such names, viz., to place them as " sedes incertae," or to fix them to some known species. The latter method was adopted by Prof. Verrill, and I attempted as far as it was in my power to follow his diclum, the only logical method under the circumstances. The subgenus Eulimella will have to be dropped from our New England list, now that Dr. Bush has been able to show that the two specimens identified by Prof. Verrill as Eulimella ventricosa Forbes, are TurboniUa (Ptycheulimella) polita (Verrill) and AcUs tenuis Verrill. I have seen no specimens of Eulimella from New England, and quoted it on Dr. Verrill's authority as stated. Pyramidella [Syriiold) smithii Verrill has only a single fold on the columella, hence is a Syrnola ; not a Eulimella, which has two folds. I have seen C. B. Adams' types at Amherst College, and feel no need of changing my statement regarding Pyramidella (Syrnola) fusca and producta. I agree with Dr. Bush that they are not typi- cal Syrnolas ; that is why I placed the ? after Syrnola. It is quite probable that these two species and /S".? winkleyi may belong to a new group, but I have refrained from giving it a name until some knowl- edge of the animal might be obtained.' These are by no means Odostomias, but are nearest to if not exactly congeneric with Syrnola. My TurboniUa (TurboniUa) nivea Stimpson, was an acceptance of Professor Verrill's interpretation of that species. The specimen listed THE NAUTILUS. 57 as cat. no. 45481 U. S. N. M., from station 949, off Martha's Vin- yard, 1881, was determined by him, and the others which I listed, were carefully compared with it and was found absolutely conspecific. As to Turhonilla (Turbonilla) striata Verrill, I must again say that I followed Prof. Verrill's dictum ; the 15 specimens listed as cat. no. 62340 U. S. N. M., from Naushon gutters, 1883, were determined by him, like the 11 entered under cat. no. 203815 U. S. N. M., from Naushon, 1883, the two last being part of the material recently re- turned, and the other two lots listed are absolutely conspecific with these, I am therefore at a loss to understand how I could possibly have erred in the interpretation of the species. I have no additional data concerning Turhonilla (Chemnitzia) aqualis Say. Turhonilla (^Strioturbonilla) hushiana Verrill, will have to remain in this subgenus. It falls well within Sacco's definition : " Testa sicut in Turhonilla (stricto sensu), sed transversim striolae parvillimae (sub lente vix visibiles) plerumque tantum in spatiis intercostalibus, interdum etiam supra costas decurrentes saepe suboblitae. Costae lon- gitudinales basim versus gradatim evanescentes. Costicilla circum- basalis nulla. Testae basis subrotunda." Page 481. I shall reserve my judgment regarding Turhonilla {Pyrgiscus) areolata Verrill, until I have had the opportunity to make comparisons with the type. I may say, however, that the afiinity of our specimens are not with Turhonilla {Pyrgiscus) vina, as suggested by Dr. Bush, but with Turhonilla (Pyrgiscus) elegans Verrill. The most interesting part of the whole review comes under the head " Turhonilla interrupta (Totten) Bush, 1899, pp. 148-151." Of this species Dr. Bush gives her own interpretation, and empha- sises her opinion with a figure of what she considers the true " in- terrupta Totten " — stating that " the specimen described (p. 87), and figured by Bartsch, unfortunately does not agree with this, therefore I would distinguish it as Turhonilla pseudointerrupta, new name." There is only one fault with Dr. Bush's deductions, namely, that our figure and description were based upon the same individual which has served for her figure of typical interrupta. The figured speci- men from Sta. 770, Narragansett Bay, in 8 fms., dredged in 1880, is now entered under cat. no. 202889 U. S. N. M. It came to us in 58 THE NAUTILUS. 1907, when a large part of the Bureau of Fisheries collection in Dr. Verrill's charge was turned over to the U. S. National Museum, and bears the legend, " Sta. 770, Figured, T. interrupta Totten," in Dr. Bush's handwriting. The name Turhonilla pseudointerrupta Bush, is therefore superfluous. Dr. Bush states that Odostomia bushiana Bartsch, is preoccupied by Odostomia bushiana Jeffreys, 1884. 1 have been unable to find any such name. The only reference to bushiana by Jeffries in 1884, that I know, is to Turbonilla bushiana Verrill. I am not in position to give any opinion upon what Dr. Bush's young shell from Woods Holl may be, but I do know that our shell is an Odostomia belonging to the subgenus lolcea. lolcea, like Menes- tho, from which it is distinguished by having an umbilicus, is quite variable in its strength of sculpture. Odostomia (lolcBa) hendersoyii Bartsch, is neither the type species nor the norm, of lolcea, but comes well within its definition. It does not belong to the same family to which Aclis belongs. A single specimen of Phasianella sulcosa Mighels, was found by Mighels in Casco Bay. It was described in 1843, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 358, PI. XVI, f. 4, and later doubtfully referred to Rissoella by Stimpson. It is quite probable that it really belongs to Menestho, the subgenus of Odostomia, which it resembles in sculp- ture, but no plication is shown or mentioned on the columella, and nothing is said of the nucleus. The lack of positive data concerning these characters kept me from referring it to the Pyramidellidfe. I would be pleased to know upon what grounds Dr. Bush bases her contention of ihe synonymy of Phasianella sulcosa Mighels, and Odostomia {Menestho) sulcata Verrill ; for Mighels' description and figure are entirely different from Professor Verrill's description, and Dr. Bush's figure of Odostomia (Menestho) sulcata Verrill. Phasianella sulcosa Mighels, is represented much more inflated than Odotto7nia (Menestho) sulcataYerr'iW. P. sulcosa Mighels, has three incised spiral grooves between the sutures on each whorl, and three or four on the base, while Odostomia (Menestho) sulcata Ver- rill is represented as having five spiral grooves between the sutures and nine upon the base. A glance at the two figures alone is enough to convince one that they are not at all specifically related, and this deduction is verified by the description. I do not believe that the author of the latter species would agree to have his species put under THE NAUTILUS. 59 the synonymy of Mighels' Phasianella. sulcosa. Under these circum- stances, Odostomia (Menestho) morseana will have to do duty as stated in my text, p. 104, I object emphatically to the lumping of Odostomia bisuturalis Say and 0. trifida Totten, In the 1700 and more specimens that I have seen, I have no difficulty whatever in distinguishing them. It is true that trifida sometimes has the three suprasutural grooves poorly de- veloped, but I have never seen them completely absent, as is the case with bisuturalis. I also deny that there is any special relationship between Odos- tomia (^Menestho) bedequensis and Odostomia (Menestho) impress a Say. The relationship of Odostomia (Menestho) trifida and Odostomia (Menestho) trifida bedequensis I believe is parallel to that between O. (M.) bisuturalis and 0. (M.) bisuturalis ovilensis. Dr. Bush questions whether I intended to use the word " spiral " in the fourth line of my description of Odostomia (Menestho) impressa Say. I did. " Spiral" is correct. The specimen described and figured by me as Odostomia ( Odosto- mia) modesta Stimpson, will have to be cited as Odostomia (^Odosto- mia) gibbosa Bush. Dr. Bush states (p. 482, last paragraph), " that the shell which is referred to Odostomia (Odostomia) dealbata Stimpson," is not the same as fig. 595, given in Binney-Gould, p. 327;" of the latter she says : " This, as indicated in a marginal note, represents a much larger and different species, which may be called 0. gotddii, new name." Unfortunately, the name Odostomia gouldii was used by Dr. Carpenter in 1865, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., XV., p. 30, for a West American species, and can therefore not serve in the present instance. Summing up Dr. Bush's review I must say that nearly all the questions raised in it could have been settled better by correspond- ence than by discussion in print. It is somewhat unfortunate that Dr. Bush should not have published her paper written thirteen years ago, but I cannot see how this can now be helped. I have given all my spare time to this group since 1897, and hope, now that the West Coast is cleared up, to consider the Atlantic side of America. The field is much larger than any one, who has given it less atten- tion, would imagine. My card catalogue of described forms contains somewhere between "2,500 and 3,000 names, including recent and fossil species. 60 THE NAUTILUS. NOTES. ViviPARUS IN Philadelphia — A find which may be of interest to readers of the Nautilus was made by the undersigned a few weeks ago near Horticultural Hall in Fairmount Park. The species was Viviparus contectus (Mill.). It has not before been reported from Philadelphia, and as far as I know not from the State. The females were larger than the males and outnumbered them. Most of the adult females were pregnant. The sex was determined in 14 males and 39 females. In 18 specimens it could not be determined readily. The specimens are in my own collection and that of the Academy of Natural Sciences. The lily pond in which they were collected had just been restocked with plants, and Mr. Pilsbry, to whom I owe the identification, suggested that the snails had been introduced on the plants. Two years ago they were unknown in the same pond. — Joshua T. Baily, Jr. We have to announce the death, July 28th, at Los Angeles, Cal., of Dr. R. E. C. Stearns, in his 82d year. Also, of Mr. William G. Binney, on July 25th, at his home, 222 East Union St., Burling- ton, N. J. FTTBLICATIONS RECEIVED. A Preliminary List of the Unionid^ of Western Penn- sylvania, with New Localities for Species from Eastern Pennsylvania. By Dr. A. E. Ortmann (Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Vol. V, pp. 178-210, 1909). An interesting review on the geographical distribution of the Unionida in Pennsylvania. Some 46 species are recorded from the Ohio River drainage, 17 from the Lake Erie drainage, and 14 from the Atlantic drainage. The Destruction of the Fresh-water Fauna in Western Pennsylvania. By Dr. A. E. Ortmann (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, Vol. 48, pp. 90-110, 1909). A paper of general interest to all zoologists, showing clearly with the aid of a map the great changes which have taken place in comparatively few years. Situ- ated in the great oil and coal region, this section has suffered more than areas where the streams are only polluted by the sewage of the large towns and cities. Shells of Maine, a Catalogue of the Land, Fresh-water AND Marine Shells of Maine. By Norman Wallace Ler- MOND. An up-to-date list of the shells of Maine, containing 403 species and 38 varieties, with the principal synonymy and their dis- tribution. The introduction contains a review of the work done by previous authors and others. Privately printed by the author at Thomaston, Maine. The Nautilus. Vor>. XXIII. OCTOBER, 1909. No. 6 A NEW BEL A FROM FRENCHMAN'S BAY, MAINE. BY KATHARINE J. BUSH, PH. D. Bela blaneyi, sp. nov. Fig. 1. Type locality — South of Egg Rock buoy in about 30 fathoms mud and gravel, Frenchman's Bay, Maine. Two dead specimens dredged by Mr. Blaney were recently sent me for identification. They are of especial interest as they prove to be unlike any species hitherto known from the American waters. The only one which they at all resemble is the Bela incisula Verrill (Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sci3nces, vol. V, p. 461, pi. xliii, fig. 12 and pi. Ivii, fig. 14, 1882). Fig. 1. Bela blaneyi. They differ from that species in having more elongated whorls and therefore appear more slender. 'I'he ribs are very little raised and are indicated rather by the deepened interspaces than by being raised above the general surface level along the shoulder which is roundly angulated; on some portions of the whorls these ribs blend entirely 62 THE NAUTILUS. with the sinuous lines of growth. The smaller specimen of four (4) whorls is destitute of spiral lines, either raised or incised, but the larger one of five (5) whorls has about fifteen (15) very faint incised spiral lines on the body whorl commencing well below the shoulder and are so shallow as to scarcely interrupt the otherwise smooth surface; there are also occasional faint indications of one or two spirals just above the suture on the preceding whorl. The one and one-half (1.5) nuclear whorls are well rounded and apparently smooth (this may be due to erosion) and regularly coiled. The- epidermal layer has a delicate yellow tint. The larger specimen measures 7 mm. in length by 3.5 mm. in width. The smaller, 5.5 mm. in length by 3 mm. in width. I take much pleasure in naming the species in the honor of Mr. and Mrs. Dwight Blaney, of Boston, Mass., and Ironbound Island, Maine who have long been enthusiastic collectors and students of New England mollusks and have added much to our knowledge of the fauna. Tale University, September, 1909. LIST OF SHELLS FROM FRENCHMAN'S BAY, MAINE. BY DWIGHT BLANEY. The following list of additions to the shell-bearing Mollusks of Frenchman's Bay, is supplementary to the lists published in 1904 and 1906. (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 28-4U and Nautilus, Vol. XIX, No. 10, p. 110). The writer is in- debted to Dr. K. J. Bush and Mr. C. W. Johnson for the identifi- cation of the various species. Leda caudata, Loven. One fine specimen. Odostomia sulcosa (Mighels):= O. sulcata Verrill. (See K. J. Bush, Am. Journal Sci., Vol. XXVII, p. 475, 1909.) "We have dredged 20 specimens of this interesting species, the largest being 4 mm. long. Some with the distinct upturned nucleus most perfect. Odostomia dealbata (Stimp.) Six specimens. Beh, decussnta var. pusilla Verrill. (Trans. Conn. Acad. Vol. V, 1882, p. 481). A fine series dredged off Egg Rock. Note. — Among our large series of B. incisula V., we have found THE NAUTILUS. 63 considerable variation in the longitudinal sculpture, and have been able to arrange good series of a form without any longitudinal ribs, which seems worthy of being a good variety ; we have also arranged a good series of an intermediate form showing numerous ribs which grade into the typical form as described and figured by Prof. Verrill. (Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. V, p. 461, pi. xliii, fig. 12.) We have good examples of the very young of all three forms, showing the sub- nucular whorls forming the characteristic sculpture. Bela hlaneyi Bush. Two specimens, one immature and one adult, (see previous article). Philine lima (Brown) = P. lineolata Stimp. Two specimens dredged off Egg Rock, one alive. Retusa obtusa Montg. var. turrita Moller. Six specimens. Note We have been able this season to dredge fine specimens, both valves, of Pecten islandicus (Miiller.), Serripes granlandicvs -(Gmelin), Panomya norregica (Spengler), Cyrtodaria siliqua (Chem.), and Gochlodesma leanum (Conrad). Of all of which we had previously dredged only single valves. A NEW LAND SHELL FKOM BERMUDA. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND E. G, VANATTA. ZONITOIDES BERMUDENSIS n. sp. Fig. la, b, C, d. The shell is broadly umbilicate, much depressed, with low convex spire and rounded periphery, glossy, yellow. First 1^ whorls corn- eous, smooth, the rest distinctly, rather irregularly striate, the base a little smoother. Under thi^ compound microscope very faint traces of minute spiral striae may be seen, chiefly on the uppei* surface. Whorls 5^, convex, slowly increasing, the last less convex below than in the peripheral region ; the umbilicus perspective, broadly open, one-third the total diameter of the shell. Aperture lunate, wider than high, but not much wider than the umbilicus. Alt. 2.3, diam. 5.7 mm.; width of umbilicus 1.8, aperture 2 mm. Church Cave, near Tuckers' Town, Bermuda. Types no, 91,1.)2, A. N, S, P., collected by Mr, Stewardson Brown, 1905 and 1909. This species has more whorls and a smaller apex than Z. excavata (Bean), it is more depressed, the last whorl is less convex beneath, and the umbilicus is larger. Z. arhorea (Say) has invariably a 64 THE NAUTILUS. much smaller umbilicus tlian the Bermudian species, which is more depressed than Z.^itida, with a more open and perspective umbilicus. This shell is abundant a,t the place mentioned, where it is asso- ciated with numerous other land shells, most of them native species. We have been unable to find any foreign species to which this may be referred. It seems to be indigenous. The generic reference ha& been verified by examination of the dentition, which has teeth of the type usual in Zonitoides. There are 6 lateral and about 17 marginal teeth (fig. \d). The jaw is smooth, with a low median projection (fig. Ic). We found no dart in the two dried specimens examined^ but this may have been due to their condition. Fig. 1. Zonitoides bermudensis. Kaliella turbinata (Gulick). Euconulus turhinatus Gulick, Proe. A. N. S. Phila., 1904, p. 420, pi. 36, figs. 8, 9, 10. This species is abundant at Church Cave. An examination of the radula shows it to be a typical Kaliella. It resembles the Indian K. fastigiata (Hutton), but is distinct from that and all other known Indian species, according to Lieut. -Col. Godwin Austen, who kindly compared specimens with his great series of oriental species. K. turbinata was described from sub-fossil examples from the lime-rock quarries. It is therefore not a recent importation; yet the presence of this oriental genus in Bermuda can hardly be accounted for except by the supposition of introduction with plants during the period of human occupation. THE NAUTILUS. A NEW RISSOA FROM BERMUDA. 65 BY E. G. VANATTA. RiSSOA (NODULUS) STEWARDSONI, n. Sp. Fig 1. The shell is very minute, slightly rimate, thin, pale yellowish corneous, smooth, slender, regularly tapering from the last whorl to the very obtuse summit. Whorls 4^, moderately convex. Aper- ture semi-rotund, subvertical, the peristome continuous, inner margin nearly straight, the outer regularly curved. Length 1.5, diam. 6.5, length aperture .55 mm. Types No. 99041, A. N. S. P., from Fairyland, near Hamilton, Bermuda, near the shore, collected by Mr. Stewardson Brown, asso- ciated with Melampus coffea and Jlavus, Leuconia occidentalis Ptr., Blauneria, Alexia, Detracia, Pedipes, Oarychium, CcBcilioides, Biji- daria, Thysanophora, Polygyra microdonta, and many other land shells. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. This tiny snail has the appearance of the terrestrial genus Acme. It is apparently a shore shell, as it was not found with any typically marine forms. It seems to be most closely related to the Medi- teranean and Adriatic R. epidaurica Brusina, from which it differs by the more slender contour, more tapering spire and more convex whorls." R. epidaurica is decidedly more' cylindrical. For com- parison a figure is given (fig. 2) of a specimen of R. epidaurica re- ceived from Professor Brusina, from Ragusa, Dalmatia (No. 59,- 898 A. N. S. P.) R. glahrata Muhlf. is more conical than stewardsoni, with the aperture more rounded. 66 THE NAUTILUS. DE8CBIPTI0NS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF MUSCULIUM. BY V. STERKI. MUSCULIUM WINKLEYI, n. Sp. Mussel slightly inequipartite, high, well and regularly inflated, outlines along the valve edges well rounded to subcircular; posterior part higher and somewhat larger than the anterior, often subtruncate and with a slight postero-inferior angle; beaks little anterior, rather narrow, calyculate or plain, prominent; somewhat inclined towards the anterior; surface distinctly rugulose, dullish or somewhat shining, with comparatively coarse, sharp, subregular, crowded concentric striae and some faint, shallow, irregular radial striae; color horn to grayish or reddish, with one to a few narrow, darker zones along the lin'is of growth, straw to light yellowish in the young, and in mar- ginal zones becoming obsolete in old specimens; sliell thin, sul)trans- lucent to opaque, hinge well curved, slight, cardinal teeth small, thin, laterals with short cusps; ligament rather short, covered; scutum and scutellum slightly but distinctly marked, rather long. Long. 8.5, alt. 7.8, diam. 5.4 mm. Soft parts not examined. Habitat: Old Orchard, Me.; vicinity of Danvers, Mass. M. winkleyi is not a variety or local form of some other species, but markedly different and decidedly distinct. It has some resem- blance to forms of M. securis Pr., but is higher, with more rounded outlines, the hinge margin is more curved, tiie difference of size and shape between the anterior and posterior parts is less marked; in securis the posterior part is more truncate and less obliqut'ly so to the dorso-ventral line. All these differences are especially well marked in half-grown specimens. It is somewhat variable: some specimens seen (years ago) from Old Orchard were 10 and 10.5 mm. long; those seen from Uanvers are somewhat smaller and slighter, with slighter surface strias, some of them of a little more angular outlines posteriorly. The type lot is No. 1396 of my collection of SphcBriidce,'^ from Old Orchard, Me.,^ collected and sent in 1896 by the Rev. H. W. Wink- * Now of the Carnegie Museum. " There is no doubt that specimens from the same place are in various other collections as M. securis cardissum or as " ?." THE NAUTILUS. 67 ley, in whose honor the species is named, and who has collected specimens of ail stages of growth at various places in the vicinity of Danvers (Nos. 5343, 5355, 5356). MUSCULIUM PARVUM, n. sp. Siiell small, inequipartite, oblique, medium inflated ; margins gen- erally rounded, or with a slightly marked angle at the junction of the superior margin with the obliquely subtruncate posterior ; anter- ior part of the mussel much smaller than the posterior ; beak some- what anterior, little prominent, broad, calyculate or plain (form aestivalis) ; surface shining, with slight, irregular striae; shell very thin and fragile, transparent to translucent, colorless to pale corn- eous ; hinge very slight, cardinal teeth nearly straight longitudinally, the left posterior above the anterior, which is strongly curved up. Soft parts colorless (except for the tan of the liver), also the siphons and mantle edges ; siphons short, very shortly connected when extended, the branchial wide ; foot strongly folded at the sole, when emerging.' Long. 4.7, alt. 4, diam. 2.8 mill, (average). Habitat : Ohio ; a swamp near Uhrichsville ; also in Stark and Summit Counties, collected by the writer, 1906-'09. Types no. 5408 of my collection of Sphieriidae. The first specimens were doubtfully ranged under M. securis Pr.; but with the latest ones, and their soft parts, it became evident that they are distinct ; they are smaller, the superior margin is less curved, the posterior is more rounded and more oblique, the surface shining, the shell colorless, while in securh it is generally yellow ; the siphons are mucli shorter and very shortly connected, colorless; in securis they are yellow to orange or salmon or reddish. — M. sphar- icum Anth., so far as known,'^ is larger, the beaks are narrow and much more prominent. ^This may not be a specific feature. 2 The two specimens (four loose valves, the third in the lot is a young Spkserium occidentale Pr.), in the T. Prime collection, No. 10 (conf. 1895 cata- logue) and ranged under securis, are hardly suflficient for establishing a species ; the one in the National Museum, No. 11612, is rather difiFerent ; in the Anthony collection no specimens were found. 68 THK NAUTILUS. ON COLLECTING. BY REV. HENRY W. AVINKLEY. " I wish I had my life to live over again " is a frequent expression. The writer has no such desire, but I could have done better work formerly if I had had the experience, and I wish I could give my experience to others. Dr. Sterki has in a recent article in the Nautilus, mentioned some methods of work. A visit from that veteran worker a few months ago was of great help to me. As a result I have collected more materials this year than I have in any half-dozen years formerly. My outfit is simple. Rubber boots, a net of scrim, frame of steel wire so made that there is one foot straight as a scaping sur- face, a bamboo pole in two joints. A large sieve of fine grain, small bags of kakki and one or two jars. All can be carried on a bicycle. With this outfit I have gone from my home on trips lasting from one to two hours, and returned with from one to two thousand specimens of Pisidium, Planorbis, Amnicola, etc. The same outfit serves for much of the marine work. The importance of "when you're gittin, git" is realized when one returns with one or two thousand specimens and finds two or three very rare forms among them. Mud is my delight in fresh or salt water. It is swarming with life. Eel grass is another rich field. Dip and sift dry and examine with a lens; the tiny chaps are easily overlooked. Our work is a labor of love, many of our best collectors have limited means, often limited time. Though the writer has at times employed a sail boat for dredging, and results have been excellent, all the new species turned up in New England during the last twenty years, have been obtained either by trips on foot or from a row boat. It requires hard work to dredge from a row boat, but it can be done. Rare species of Pyramidellidae have all been obtained in that way,, but don't be afraid of mud. A list of Prince Edwards Island species, some new — others not before known in Canadian waters has proved a valuable contribution. I never was anywhere near that island. The materials all came from mud washed from the oyster shells, miles away from their home. At present the writer is busy with marine mud in a sheltered bay. Reports will come later, but rare forms with one species that may prove new, are already before me» New England needs more workers, and it is full of surprises, espe- THE NAUTILUS. 69 cially when one considers how much can be found with a simple outfit, and a few ounces of energy. No doubt the same is true of the whole country. A person once said to the writer "your hobby is the most fascinating I know. Every one admires shells." Per- fectly true, but far too many are afraid of mud. I don't know of any success without a bit of the disagreeable work. THE LAND MOLLUSCA OF ALDABRA. BY MAXWELL SMITH. Mr. E. Dupont, who is now residing at Hell Bourg, Reunion, has been fortunate in obtaining specimens and information of this group. The Aldabra Islands are situated in the Indian Ocean to the north of Madagascar and between the Conoro and Mascarene groups. Not many years ago the land moUusca of Aldabra were unknown, in fact not a single species had been recorded from the islands. Mr. Dupont writes me as follows. Aldabra was visited by an American, Dr. W. L. Abbott, in 1892, who published an account of the birds in the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum for 1895. The island was visited by a German, Dr. Vodtykon in 1895, ac- counts of which were published. I do not think that these mention land shells. In September, 1906 my cousin, Mr. R. Dupont, Cura- tor of the Botanical Station at Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles, investi- gated these islands on behalf of the Seychelles government. He collected the shells which I now send to you. At last, quite recently an English naturalist, Mr. Fryers, has been staying there during several months; to complete the geological observations made by Prof. Sardina, on the separation of the islands in the Indian Ocean. So now the natural productions of this island, which was for long a terra incognita, will now be fairly known. Judging from the shells, it has more affinities with the Comoro Islands than with the Mas- carene. The shells known are as follows: Ennea sp. Grande Terre. The Picard. lies Vertes. Closely allied to the common E. dentiens. May prove to be new. Kaliella aldabraensis, n. sp. To be described by Col. Godwin Austin. 70 THE NAUTILUS. Rachis aldabrce Mart, A beautiful shell of the Comoro type. The most common of all the species from Aldabra. Mostly found on Picard Island. 200 metres from the sea. Succinea mascarensi's? Nevill. Larger and more strongly striated than the Mascarene specimens. Assiminea sp. Perhaps A, hidnlgoi Gass.^ granum Morelet. Grande Terre. The Picard. lies Vertes. Cyclostoma sp. Plain e Cubi. A Liga fella or Otopoma. It seems to be a new species, but too much worn for description. Better specimens came in Sardina's collection. TruncatellavalidaVir. Grande Terre. The Picard. lies Vertes, Isidora sp. Perhaps /. forskali Chr. = Pliysa cernica Morelet. from Mauritius. The presence of this fresh-water shell at Aldabra is very curious, the only spot provided with fresh water being a spring at Tata maca. DE. K. E. C. STEARNS. Dr. Robert Edwards Carter Stearns died at Los Angeles, Cal., July 27, in his eighty-third year. He was a native of Boston, Mass., a son of Charles Stearns, and was born February 1, 1827. He was educated in the schools of his native city, followed by a K-ourse of mercantile training, and from his earliest years evinced a deep love of nature, fostered by his father, with whom similar tastes led to a degree of comradeship in rambles and hunting expeditions which he always remembered with appreciation. The boy had an unusual artistic ability, and though his early avocations were services in a bank and on a farm, when only twenty-two years of age he painted a panorama of the Hudson River from the mouth of the Mohawk to Fort William, which he exhibited with much success. He turned his attention to mining, explored the coal fields of southern Indiana, and in 18o4 was appointed resident agent of several co[)per mines in northern Michigan on Lake Superior. In 1858 he went to California, where he became a partner in the large printing estab- lishment of a brother-in-law of his wife, in San Francisco. This firm published the Pacific Methodist, a weekly religious paper, and in the troubled times preceding the Civil War the reverend editor of this journal was obliged to visit the East. Stearns was requested to fill this place during his absence. The fate of California hung in the balance ; many of the immigrants from the Southern States urged DR R. E. C. STEARNS THE NAUTILUS. 71 independence for that territory when hostilities broke out. Stearns took the responsibility of making his paper an enthusiastic advocate of the Union cause, and to this call and the eloquence of Thomas Starr King, old Californians believed, the decision of the people to stand by the Union in that struggle was due in no small degree. Through the influence of Justice Field, Stearns was appointed deputy clerk of the Supreme Court of California in 1862, a post which he resigned in the following year to accept the secretaryship of the State Board of Harbor Commissioners, which he was obliged to resign some years later on account of ill health. Coming to the East, he made one of a party, comprising beside himself the late Dr. William Stimpson and Col. Ezekiel Jewett, for the exploration of the invertebrate fauna of southwestern Florida, during which large collections were made for the Smithsonian Institution. He returned to California, and in 1874 was elected secretary to the University of California, being the business executive of that institution under the presidency of the late Dr. Daniel C. Gilman. He served in this capacity for eight years with great approval, and when ill health again obliged him to retire from service, the University, as expressive of their sense of his services to the cause of education in California and in recognition of his scientific attainments, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Returning to the East aftisr the death of Mrs. Stearns, he was engaged in researches for the U. S.- Fish Commission in 1882, was appointed paleontologist to the U. S. Geological Survey by Major Powell in 1884, and assistant curator of moUusks in the National Museum by Professor Baird. His col- lection of mollusca was acquired by the Museum. Age and infirmity obliged him to return to the more genial climate of California in 1892, where he settled in Los Angeles, continuing, as his strength permitted, his researches into the malacology of the Pacific coast. He married, March 28, 1850, Mary Anne Libby, daughter of Oliver Libby of Boston, and is survived by a daughter. Dr. Stearns was an earnest student of mollusks from boyhood; his early experience led him to interest himself in horticulture and land- scape gardening, and his ability in this line is attested by the beauty of the University grounds at Berkeley, which were developed under his superintendence. His knowledge of the Pacific coast mollusca was profound, and a long list of papers on this topic and on the shells of Florida was the result. He also contributed many papers- 72 THE NAUTILUS. on various branches of horticulture and gardening to the California periodicals devoted to this subject. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the California Academy of Sciences in its early days, and after the earthquake of 1868, when disaster threatened the Society, he, with Professor J. D. Whitney and a few other friends, stood between it and dissolution. He was a member of numerous scientific societies at home and abroad, and of the Sons of the Revolution. Dr. Stearns was a man of sanguine temperament, with a lively sense of humor and high moral character. His reading was wide, his learning never obtrusive, his interest in art, literature and all good causes intense. He was a staunch friend and. for a righteous object, ever ready to sacrifice his own material interests. His ser- vices to Californian science will keep his memory green. Wm. H. DauL. LUDWIG RUDOLPH SOPHUS BERGH.' Dr. Bergh was born in Copenhagen, October 15, 1824, and died in the same city July 20, 1909. Dr. Bergh for many years stood at the head of the small group of malacological anatomists, devoting himself especially to the Opisthobranchiata and particularly to the Nudibranchiata. His published works on these animals form a small library and a mine of detailed information. The chief results of this unremitting labor are summed up in a large quarto in which he gives a complete systematic arrangement for these animals. Besides this contribution to the knowledge of molluscan anatomy he published several valuable memoirs on other groups of mollusks, an especially notable instance being a fine memoir on the anatomy of the genus Conus. He was largely concerned with the publication of the great posthumous series of quartos detailing the results of the researches in eastern seas by Carl Semper, who was his intimate friend. In medicine also his publications, based on the treatment of thousands of hospital patients, took a high rank. Personally, Dr. Bergh was most genial and agreeable in manner, ever ready to help younger students, or serve as cicerone to foreign colleagues visiting his beloved Copenhagen. Hospitable and un- pretentious, a staunch friend and untiring student, his death leaves a gap in the ranks of the veterans which we may hardly hope to see filled, and a memory which those who knew him will cherish long. 1 Abridged from the obituary notice by Dr. Wm. H. Ball (Science, XXX, p. 304, Sept. 3, 1909). THE NAUTILUS, XXIIl. PLATE VI. BEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA. The Nautilus. Vol. XXIII. NOVEMBER, 1909. No. 6 THE KNOWN MOLLUSCA OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. BY S. S. BEKKY. In li,2;ht of the fact that accurate data bearing on the geographical distribution of Californian land and fresh-water mollusca are still few and far l)etween, it seems best to publish such items as may be accumulated from time to time, and in this connection the following notes (the result of several years desultory observation) may be of interest. The district under present consideration comprises one of the largest, if not the largest, counties in the United States, being more than equal in area to any one of a number of our smaller States. By far the greater portion of its area is swallowed up by the vast Mojave and Colorado Deserts, and even at this late date is still almost an absolute terra incognita so far as the mollusca are concerned. Of necessity, therefore, the present paper treats almost exclusively of the extreme southwestern corner of the county alone, namely, the so-called San Bernardino Valley, with the adjacent San Gabriel and San Bernardino Ranges of mountains which confine it on the north and shut it off from the desert and the remainder of the county. Even for this circumscribed distric^t, the present list makes no pre- tensions to completeness, but is offered merely as a resume of our present knowledge, with the hope that it may lead to further investi- gation. Doubtless more than one interesting form still awaits its discovery by some diligent collector, especially in the mountain reg- ions (see Nautilus XXI, p. 121, and below). It is interesting to note that the above-mentioned valley is practi- 74 THE NAUTILUS. cally the only portion ot the entire county which drains directly into the Pacific, and that, thanks to the fertile character of its soil and the water available for its irrigation from the neighboring mountains, almost the whole population of the county is concentrated here, notably in the cities of Redlands, San Bernardino, Ontario, Chine, and Colton. All are garden spots, and by the unwitting agency of man most of them have come to possess a fairly extensive molluscan fauna, many species of alien origin being now far more numerous than any of the native forms. There have been few previous records for any of the localities of the region. Binney ['85] gives one or two species as being found in the county, but at least one of his records is without doubt erroneous. Stearns ['93] is the next author to report on specimens from our area, and his records are about all we have from the great desert region. The few records since that time are listed at the end of this paper. My thanks are due to Dr. R. H. Tremper, of Ontario, who has generously supplied me with numerous specimens and data regarding the fauna of his immediate neighborhood. Practically all of his records are new and very interesting. I am also under obligations to Miss Nina G. Spaulding, of Redlands, whose enthusiastic eflForts have aided not a little in increasing our knowledge. Data supplied through her or through Dr. Tremper are so noted by the use of their initials. I am also indebted to Mr. oanford B. Dole, of River- side, for the use of the accompanying photograph. List of Species. Helix aspersa Mtiller. Occasional around greenhouses at Red- lands, but evidently not yet thoroughly at home. Epiphragmophora traski (Newcomb). " Under dry leaves in small foothill canon near Ontario " [R. H. T.] ; also in San Antonio Canon, two miles from mouth, elevation 2500 feet [R. H. T., April 4, 1908] ; under leaves, Stoddard's Canon, elevation 2500 feet [R. H. T., 1909]. This coast species apparently just enters the county as I have not encountered it even in the upper end of the San Bernardino Valley. Epiphragmophora tudiculata (W. G. Binney). Men tone, under hedges ; Highland, by the roadside after a rain ; Arrowhead, Hot Springs ; San Bernardino and vicinity ; greenhouse in same city [R. H. T.] ; Ontario, under stones and woodpiles [R. H. T., 1908- THE NAUTILUS. 75 1909] ; also southeast of Ontario, some seven miles from tlie foot- hills [R. H. T., March, 1909] ; Frankish Canon, under stones, alti- tude 2500 feet [R. H. T., April 1, 1908] ; at mouth of Stoddard's Canon, at same elevation, under stones [R. H. T., 1909], Specimens found by Dr. Tremper in January, 1908, in an orange grove at Ontario are particularly beautiful examples of the species, some showing a curious tendency toward albinism. Vallonia pulchella (Miiller). Redlands, common in greenhouses [S. S. B., 1903, '04, '06, '08J. Vertigo occidentalis Sterki. Bluff" Lake, altitude 7,550 feet, 1907 (one specimen only) [S. S. B.] ; in 1908 quite common in spots in the big Bluff Lake cienaga, in the cienaga just north, and along the " New England Trail," altitude 7,500 feet ; also a few specimens in a cienaga west of Green Valley, altitude 6,900 feet [S, S. B.]. Many more specimens were sent from Bluff Lake dur- ing the present summer by Miss N. G. Spaulding. Evidently an abundant species in the more Alpine regions of the San Bernardino Mountains, and I suspect that this or a closely allied form will also turn up in similar localities in the neighboring San Gabriel and San Jacinto Ranges. Vertigo sp. Another form occurs with V. occidentalis in the neighborhood of Bluffs Lake [S. S. B., Aug., 1908 ; N. G. S., Aug., 1909]. Vertigo rowelli (Newcomb). San Bernardino [Binney, '85, p. 156]. At best a doubtful record. Vitrina alaskana Dall. San Bernardino Mountains — a common species at Bluff Lake and vicinity [S. S. B., Aug., 1907, Aug., 1908 ; N. G. S., Aug., 1909] ; cienaga west of Green Valley [S. S. B., July, 1908]. Especially abundant under willow trees at the edges of a meadow. Vitrea cellaria (Miiller). In greenhouses, Redlands [S. S. B., 1904-'08]. Euconulus fulvus (Miiller). Cienaga west of Green Valley [one specimen, S. S. B., July, 1908]. Altitude 6,900 feet. Bluflf Lake Meadow (altitude 7,550 feet) and the neighboring cienages [S. S. B., Aug., 1907, Aug., 1908 (abundant); N. G. S., Aug., 1909 (abundant)]. Near mouth of Mill Creek Canon [one specimen in drift, S. S. B., July, 1908]. Forest Home, altitude 5,200 feet, a colony of about 20 live individuals found by the writer under sticks on the bank of Mill Creek, June 12, 1909. 76 THE NAUTILUS. "San Gorgonio Pass" [Binney, '85, p. 68]. The exact locality of Binney 's specimens is doubtful, but not of great importance as this is evidently a commorj mountain species, occurring throughout the San Bernardino Range. I have as yet seen no specimens from the San Gabriels. Zonitoides orea (Say). Mouth of Stoddard's Canon, near Ontario, under leaves [U. H. T., 1909]. Redlands, in greenhouses [S. S. B., 1904-1908]. Bluff Lake [S. S. B., 1907] ; Bluff Lake and cienaga just north [S. S. B., Aug., 1908 — ten specimens] ; several specimens, same locality [N. G. S., Aug., 1909]. Zonitoides milium (Morse). Greenhouse, Redlands, one specimen [S. S. B., 1904]. Zonitoides minuscula (Binney). Greenhouse, Redlands [S. S. B., 1904]. Limax maximus Linnaeus. Redlands, in greenhouses in 1904 [S. S. B.] ; now abundant about houses and in yards everywhere. Reported from same locality by Bartsch ['04, p. 12]. Ontario [R. H. T., 1908, 1909]. The last specimens sent me by Dr. Tremper were the most light-colored of the species I have seen in California. Limax Jlavus Linnaeus. Redlands, with L. maximus [S. S. B., 1904]. Fyramidula cronkhitei C^t^w comb). Cienaga, north of Bluff Lake Meadow, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 7,500 feet [S. S. B., 16 specimens, Aug., 1908 ; N. G. S., Aug., 1909, abundant]. Punctum ccdifornicum Pilsbry. Occasional in Bluff Lake Meadow under sticks [S. S. B., Aug., 1908] ; Cienaga, north of Bluff Lake, altitude 7,500 feet, not rare [8. S. B., Aug., 1908 ; N. G. S., Aug., 1909]. Being in doubt as to whether these specimens were correctly referred to this species, examples were sent to Mr. Bryant Walker, who confirmed the identification. Punctum conspectum (Bland). Near Green Valley, San Ber- nardino Mountains, altitude 6,900 feet, 3 specimens [S. S. B., July, 1908] ; Bluff Lake, one specimen [S. S. B., Aug., 1908]. Succinea oregonensis Lea. Lower end of the big Cienaga at Bluff Lake along the "New England Trail," 18 specimens [S. S. B., Aug., 1908] 13 specimens [N. G. S., Aug., 1909]. Lymncea palustris (Miiller). Bear Lake, altitude 6,700 feet, San Bernardino Mountains, abundant [S. S. B., 1907, 1908]. THE NAUTILUS. 77 Lymncta palusiris nuttalliana (Lea). Creek and swamp at Bluff Lake, altitude 7,000 feet, abundant [R. D. Williams, 1905 ; S. S. B., 1907, 1908 ; N. G. S., 1909]. These specimens very uniform in appearance. Bear Lake, intergrading with typical (?) palustris, common [R. H. T., Aug., 1902 ; S. S. B., Aug., 1907, 1908]. Lymnaa humilis modicella (Say). On flower pots in greenhouses, Redlands, abundant [S. S. B., 1904-'08]. Lymnaa caperata Say. A single very juvenile specimen col- lected by Dr. Tremper in a pool in San Antonio Creek, 2 miles from mouth [April 4, 1908], was identified as this species by Mr. F. C. Baker. Lymnaa hulimoides Lea. Mojave River, near Daggett [Stearns, '93]. Physa gyrina (Say) ? Redlands, in irrigating ditches; Garlick Springs [Stearns, '93] ; Daggett [Stearns, '93]. I suspect that most if not all the Southern California records of P. gyrina need re-examination, and the above will more than likely prove to be varieties of P. virginea Gould. Physa lordi Baird. Artificial pond, Ontario, the water of which comes from Hermosa Canon [R, H. T.]. Specimens of this fine large species were sent to Mr. F. C. Baker, who agrees with me in referring them to P. lordi. Physa virginea Gould. Ditches and reservoirs in Redlands, common [S. S. B., 1907, 1908]. Physa virginea traski Lea. Main irrigating ditch of Ontario, near mouth of San Antonio Canon, altitude 2,200 feet [R. H. T.]. Physa cooperi Tryon. Watering trough in City Creek Canon, San Bernardino Mountains [S. S. B., Aug., 1907, July, 1908]; Bear Lake, altitude 6,700 feet [S. S. B., Aug., 1907-'08]. Physa politissima Tryon. Bear Lake, altitude 6,700 feet, not uncommon [S. S. B., 1907, 1908]. Dr. Pilsbry, to whom I sent "specimens of this and the preceding species, and to whom I owe their determinations, wrote as follows : "It should be said that the synonymy of West Coast Physas has never been worked up, and the ultimate names which will be used cannot now be decided, but your specimens correspond closely to the type lots ot the forms mentioned, whether these be species or varieties." Planorhis trivolvis Say. England's Park, Redlands ; swamp and creek at Bluff Lake [S. S. B., 1907, 1908; R. D. Williams, 78 THE NAUTILUS, 1905] ; Bear Lake [R. H. T., 1902 ; S. S. B., 1907, 1908] ; Dag- gett [Stearns, '93]. Planorhis parvus Say. Mojave River, near Daggett [Stearns, '93]; Swamp at Bluff Lake [S. S. B., 1907, 1908]; Bear Lake [S. S. B., 1907, 1908]. The specimens from Bear Lake were identified by Dr. Dall as P. vermiciilaris Gould, They certainly have a slightly different aspect from the Bluff Lake specimens, but I doubt if they are distinct. Paludestrina stearnsiana Pilsbry. Rill near mouth of Mill Creek Canon, San Bernardino Mountains, very abundant in July, 1908 [S, S. B,], but a rather hasty search in the same locality one year later did not yield a specimen. Mountain Home Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 3,600 feet [S, S. B., July 11, 1909]. [^Paludestrina protea Gould. In numerous collections I have seen large series of this species in a subfossil condition which were dis- tributed some years ago by an unknown collector as from the " Mo- jave Desert," They are probably from San Bernardino County, so I record them here, although " Colorado Desert" may have been what the label meant. As the species is known to exist in Inyo and Riverside Counties, it may reasonably be expected to turn up in the living condition in this county as well.] [ Valvata lewisii Currier. San Bernardino Mountains, Cal. [fide Dall, '05, p. 123 ; also see Walker, '06, p. 26]. I have not seen any of Dall's specimens, but I have no doubt whatever that they really represent not V. lewisii, but the following form :] Valvata humeralis californica Pilsbry. Swamp at Bluff Lake, altitude 7,550 feet [S. S. B., Aug., 1907, 1908; N. G. S., Aug., 1909 — not very abundant]. Bear Lake, altitude 6,700 feet, the type locality [S. S. B,, Aug., 1907, 1908]. For this form beside the references given above under V. lewisii, see Berry, '08, p. 122, and Pilsbry, '08, p. 82. Anodonta californiensis (Lea) var. Chino Creek. S. of Ontario [R. H, T„ 1908], Musculium raymondi (J. G. Cooper). Swamp and creek at Bluff Lake, large and abundant in 1905 [R. D. Williams] ; very common but small in 1907 [S. S. B.] ; more rare in 1908 [S. S. B.] and 1909 [N. G. S.] ; apparently being replaced by the following species. THE NAUTILUS. 79 Pisidium californicum (Newcomb ?). Swamp and creek at Bluff Lake, common in 1907 [S. S. B.], abunrlant in 1908 [S. S. B.], and 1909 [N. G. S.]. Pisidium ashmuni Sterki. Swamp at Bluff Lake [S. 8. B., 1907]. Identified by Dr. Sterki. Specimens of Pisidia have also been found in Kid Creek, San Bernardino Mountains [N. G. S., Aug., 1909], and in Mill Creek at Forest Home, altitude 5,200 feet [S. S. B., July, 1908], but have not as yet been determined by Dr. Sterki. BiBLIOGUAPHY. Bartsch, Paul. Limax maximus L. in California. Nautilus, XVIII, p. 12, May, 1904. Berry, S. S. Molluscan Fauna of the San Bernardino Moun- tains, California. Nautilus, XXI, p. 121, March, 1908. BiNNEY, W. G. A Manual of American Land Shells. Bull. U. S. N. M., No. 28, 1885. Dall, W. H. Alaska — Land and Fresh Water Mollusks. Harr. Alaska Exp., Vol. XIII, N. Y., 1905. Grinnell, Joseph. Biota of the San Bernardino Mountains. Univ. Cal., 1909. PiLSBRY, H. A. Notes on Plate XI. Nautilus, XXI, p. 133, April, 1908. Valvata humeralis californica, n. subsp. Nautilus, XXII, p. 82, Dec, 1908. Stearns, R. E. C. S. Report on the Land and Fresh-Water Shells Collected in California and Nevada by the Death Valley Ex- pedition, Including a Few Additional Species Obtained by Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Assistants in Parts of the Southwestern United States. N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7 (U. S. Dept. Agric), May, 1893. Sterki, Victor. A New Californian Vertigo. Nautilus, XXI, p. 90, Dec, 1907. Walker, Bryant. Notes on Valvata. Nautilus, XX, p. 25, July, 1906. 80 THE NAUTILUS. RANGE OF LYMN^A UMBILICATA, BY FRANK C. BAKEK. This recently recognized and very distinct species has been re- ported from a number of rather widely separated localities. Its range would seem to be from Ontario and Northern Maine west to southeastern Michigan and soutii to New Jersey. It has doubtless been identified as humilis and will be found in many collections under this all embracing name. L. umbilicata is not a race of L. cubensis, as suggested by Mr. Walker, but a distinct species, the radula having tricuspid laterals where those of cubensis are bicuspid.' The known records are as follows : United States. Connecticut: Small stream emptying into Farniington River, Unionville, Hartford Co. (Baker). Maine: Buckfield, Oxford Co. (J. A. Allen); Woodland, Aroos- took Co. (Nylander) ; Fox Island, Penobscot River, Knox Co. (Jackson). Massachusetts: New Bedford, Bristol Co. (Adams); Brook near Caboi's Park, Newton ; Charles River above Watertown, Middle- sex Co. (Baker) ; Swampscott, near Lynn, Essex Co. (Tufts) ; Southborough, Worcester Co. (Bos. See, N. H.); Salem, Essex Co. (True); Essex Co. (Russell); Westfield. Hampden Co. (Smith. Coll.). Michigan: Otter Lake, Lapeer Co. (Walker). New Jersey: Drainage ditches east of Burlington, Burlington Co. (Baker ; Pilsbry). Neio York: Maplewood Park, Rochester, Monroe Co.; South end Cayuga Lake, near Ithaca, Tompkins Co. (Baker); Charlotte Lake, Columbia Co. Lea). Rhode Island: The Fountain, Pawtucket, Providence Co. (H. F. Carpenter); Rhode Island (Walker). British America. Ontario: Ottawa, Carleton Dist. (Heron); Carleton Co. (Walker). ' See Mr. Walker's excellent article in Ottawa Nat., XXII, page 89, for the distinguishing characteristics of L. umbilicata. THE NAUTILUS. 81 THE MOLLUSCA OF DOUGLAS COUNTY, KANSAS. GASTEROPODA. BT G. DALLAS HANNA. As one travels westward from the Mississippi River, the gradual diminution of the forest growths is very apparent. Tracts of tim- ber get smaller and smaller and the trees become more stunted in growth until when the middle of Kansas is reached there are only a few cottonwoods, confined to a narrow belt along the banks of streams. Eastern Kansas is then a transition zone, where the tim- bered regions of the east fade gradually into the vast semi-arid plains of the southwest. A botanical condition such as this is bound to have a very great influence upon a group of animals as closely associated with vegeta- ble growths as the land moUusks are. We find some species — as the majority of the Polygyras for instance — extending only as far west as the trees go. Moisture and shade are requisites to their existence, and we find them becoming rarer in direct proportion to the decrease in vegetation. They have migrated westward just as fast but no faster than the trees. And on the other hand there are some species of the plains area which do not extend appreciably into the timbered regions. On the border-line then, as we would expect, we find an intermingling of the two faunas. Douglas County is a typical border county. Trees exist in little patches here and there but are mostly confined to the near vicinity of streams. MoUusks are not plentiful and generally distributed, but are addicted to living in colonies in the patches of trees. Among the most important tracts of timber conchologically is Blue Mound, situated six miles southeast of Lawrence. This little hill wliich rises two hundred and fifty feet above the river flood plain, supports an excellent growth of small trees. Under the dead leaves and loose stones the small snails are to be found more abund- ant than any place else in the county. The outcropping limestone ledges furnish several species which belong in general to the southwestern plains fauna. Bulimulus dealbatus, Vallonia parvula, Bifidaria procera and Zonitoides singleyana, are abundant in some such localities where there are no trees for miles. Localities i'avorable for fresh-water snails are rare. The only 82 THE NAUTILUS. bodies of standing water in the county are small, and with one or two exceptions are artificial ponds. Horseshoe Lake and Lake View are natural basins but both are small and contain but few moUusks. The small streams emptying into the Kansas River con- tain a few shells very locally distributed. The River is too sandy for these animals. The family Ancylidce seems not to have a representative in these waters. Very little collecting previous to 1908 has ever been done in Douglas County. Polygyra m. chadwicki, a dentate variety of Polygyra multilineata was described by Ferriss in the Nautilus for August, 1907, from specimens collected along the Kansas River at Lawrence. Aside from this one reference I have never found the shells of this county alluded to. Therefore I append the following list, based upon two years' collecting in which the entire county has been thoroughly searched. Probably not many more species will be collected. Four or five are withheld from this list because of un- certain identification. Dr. V. Sterki has examined the Piipidce, and Mr. F. C. Baker, the Lymneas, to both of whom I am very grateful. Polygyra profunda Say. Polygyra albolabris alleni Wetherby. Polygyra multilineata Say. Polygyra multilineata chadwicki Ferriss. Polygyra divesta Gould. A single specimen found in drift along the Kansas River at Lawrence. Polygyra clausa Say. With the exception of P. profunda and P. albolabris alleni, which range into Shawnee County on the west, Douglas County marks the extreme western range of the Mesodons. All the species are rare in this locality, and are found on the north- ern shaded slopes of hillsides which have limestone outcropping. Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea. Dead shells were found under condi- tions such that the species must be living here. Polygyra monodon Rackett. This form lives on Blue Mound. Polygyra fraterna Say. The common Polygyra of Kansas. Found everywhere. Polygyra fraterna aliciee Pilsbry. Occasionally found with P. fraterna. {To be continued.) THE NADTILUS, 83 NOTES. Suckers from the Big Squid. — On visiting Provincetown in August I made inquiries regarding the Giant Squid taken the last of March, 1909, off Highland, Truro, Mass., and mentioned in The Nautilus for July, 1909. I was unfortunate in not securing the beaks which had been thrown away, but I saw the 7^ foot tentacle, which was preserved in dry salt. I obtained the cartilage of one of the suckers, and, with permission from the owner, cut off one of the suckers about mid way on the tentacle. As this is the only speci- men taken in Massachusetts I have thought it might be of sufficient interest to the readers of The Nautilus for me to give sketches to show the shape of this cartilage and the curious arrangement of the serration of the margin. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 are different views of the cartilage of one speci- men, while Figs. 5 and 6 are the views of a sucker cut from the middle of the tentacle. All figures are magnified twice. The tentacle is now in the possession of a gentleman in Province- town, Mass J. Henry Blake. HoMALOGTRA ATOMUS IN Rhode Island In a recent number of the Nautilus I mentioned the discovery of Homalogyra atomus on the New England coast at Hampton, N. H. It was first disco vs ered by Philippi in Sicily; since then it has been found in other parts of the Mediterranean, Norway, England and France, but this is the first time it has been recorded on this side of the Atlantic. Miss M. W. Brooks has lately found this species in shell sand, from 84 THE NAUTILUS. Newport, R. 1. Its occurrence north and south of Cape Cod in- dicates a somewhat wide distribution of the species — Edwakd S. Morse. Joseph F. Whiteaves.' — Dr. Joseph Frederick Whiteaves, the distinguished Palaeontologist of the Canadian Geological Survey, died on the 8th of August, 1909, after an illness of several months. Dr. "Whiteaves was born in Oxford, England, in 1835, and first came to this country in 1861 on a short visit, returning the following year to make his residence in Montreal, Canada, where for twelve years he was officially connected with the Montreal Natural History Society. In 1876 he was appointed Palaeontologist of the Geologi- cal Survey to succeed the late Mr. E. Billings. His works on the palaeozoic and mesozoic fossils of Canada are monumental, and the broad scope of his work both in palaeontology and zoology can only lie appreciated by a perusal of his numerous papers which number nearly 150, in which over 450 new genera, species and varieties are described. Dr. Whiteaves was of a generous and kindly disposition, always ready to aid and impart information. He was an ideal type of a man imbued with the professional spirit, striving for the Ijest results, not satisfied with half measure, and ever urged on by the love of his work. Miss J. E. LiNTER We regret to announce the death of Miss J. E. Linter which occurred on August 30, 1909, at Twick(^nham, England. Her valuable collection of shells will be offered (as a legacy, on condition that it is accessible to the [tublic) to the Exeter Museum. We learn with regret of the death, September 26th, of Professor Anton Dohrn, the founder and director of the Zoological Station at Naples. Messrs. Ferriss and Daniels are exploring the Kaibab and Kanab plateaus for shells and ferns. In this little-known country north of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, they report beautiful scenery, a superb climate, and plenty of shells. Errata In the last number the following errors should be noted : P. 67, line 13 from bottom, last word, should be "■more " in place of " less ;" line 4 from bottom should be " No. 10. /" in place of " 10." 'Taken in part, from The Ottawa Naturalist, September, 1909. THE NAUTILUS, XXIII. PLATE VII. CYPR^A TIGRIS FROM A. DA C. GOMEZ COLL. THE NAUTILUS, XXIII. PLATE VIII. CYPR^A TIGRIS FROM A. DA C. GOMEZ COLL. The Nautilus. Vol. XXIII. DECEMBER, 1909. No. 7 ON SOME DEFORMED CYTHMh. TIGRIS FROM THE COLLECTION OF A. DA COSTA GOMEZ. BY H. A. PILSBRT. Many years ago the conchologists of Europe were astonished to receive from New Caledonia certain cowries which had the aspect of such well-known species as C. moneta, lynx and mappa, yet dif- fered by the produced and calloused ends, attended with more or less thickening of the enamel and a degree of melanism, or clouding of the coloi'-pattern. Several of these shells were named as distinct species by Crosse, Marie, Montrouzier and others. British writers generally did not admit their validity, considering them pathologic forms, due to some diseased condition of the mantle, a view ridiculed by Crosse in his witty review of G. B. Sowerby's monograph of Cyprsea in the Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Mr. S. Raymond Roberts in his monograph' treats them as varieties. M. Ph. Dautzenberg has recently discussed these forms, figuring several of them.'' The cause of the rostration and hypertrophic deposit of calcareous material has never been really settled, so far as I know, by observations on the living animals. The occurrence of so many forms modified in the same manner, in one locality, points to the action of me specific cause which might perhaps be recognized by an observer on the spot. It seems, however, that the modifications do not have racial signifi- cance. A somewhat similar formation characterizes some un- doubtedly " good " species elsewhere, such as C. scottii and G. prohhmatiea. ^ Manual of Oonchology, Vol. "VII. 2 Journal de Conchyliologie, 1906, p. 263. plate ix. 86 THE NAUTILUS. Mr. A. DaCosta Gomez has called our attention to several New Caledonian examples of Cyprcea tigris L. in his collection which show a rostration like the New Caledonian forms mentioned above, together .with others diversely modified ; and as such forms have not, to our knowledge, been noticed in this species, we have figured four of them oji plates vii and viii, the two plates representing different views of the same specimens. I. The upper left hand figures show a shell having a broad chest- nut dorsal streak, the rest of the back being clouded with chestnut, light blue and dull pale brown. On the margins may be seen the characteristic dappled coloring of tigris. The base is normally col- ored. At the anterior end there are large callous lumps. The posterior end is also a little produced. Length 83 mm. II. Upper right figures. This shell is broad and very heavy (weighing 7^ ounces). The dorsal streak is interrupted, chestnut, partially overlaid with bluish callus. Elsewhere it is a soiled cream- white, obscurely and irregularly mottled. The base is stained with yellow around the mouth. The sides are very heavily calloused and lumpy. Length 90 mm. III. Lower left figures. This shell is heavily calloused and pro- duced at the ends and on the right margin. The spotted tigris pattern appears on the other side, but is covered by a dark enamel in the middle of the back. Base white, with some yellowish suf- fusion in places. Length 98 mm. This shell is characteristically New Caledonian in appearance. IV. Lower right figures. A broad form, heavily calloused at the sides. The dorsal streak is dark purplish-brown; remainder of the back bluish-white, irregularly mottled and spotted with orange-brown and purple-brown, ends blackish. The base and teeth are brownish- yellow except for a pure white area on the inner lip. Length 85 mm. ESSEX COUNTY NOTES. BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY. My last article was an urgent invitation to fellow-laborers to inspect mud. AVe may now view some results of the inspection. Just south of Cape Ann, Mass., is a bay with many branches, form- ing harbors for Marblehead, Salem, Beverly and Danvers. The THE NAUTILUS. 87 inner waters, ^. e., at Dan vers, seemed to be favorable for a colony of the forms which are common south of Cape Cod, but local and in sheltered places north of that cape. Only a partial examination has been made, but results are interesting. One mud flat of small area, and uncovered at low tide, was swarming with life. Literally I ob- tained quarts of Gemma gemma. With these were other species more or less abundant. Columbella, Ilyanassa, PoUnices and such forms are expected and were found as usual. Odostomia revealed trifida, hisu- turalis, winkleyi and a new species described below. I was able to secure here a living specimen of the disputed fusca, and observe the animal. Unlike some of this group, that are said to be timid in captivity, fusca was very active. Bulletin 37 of the U. S. Natl. Mus., plate xxvi, figs. 1 and 2, are labeled animal of Turhonilla interrupta. Slight changes would make the drawing ^ov fusca. The plate gives the front of the foot in four lobes; for fusca it should be a continuous curve. From the plate one would infer that the men- turn was of two flaps, one overlapping the other. In fusca this would not be correct, but a deep groove runs along the median line. The front of the mentum is a double curve, and its end is held close to the surface ahead of the foot in crawling, as if it was feeling the way. Eye spots are easily seen at the bases of the tentacles. The animal is semi-transparent, with parts a deep maroon. The tentacles are slender and held close to the mentum. The above-named species were found at the headwaters, but no evidence of Turbonilla, as I had hoped. Rowing down river I smelt them, and came back for my dredge. A dozen specimens of T. winkleyi were found, good size, but badly eroded. In other parts of the Danvers River Venus mercenaria, Astarte nucula and some other forms occur, but I postpone exact lists until more work can be done. One unusual find was a solitary specimen of Bela hicarinata var. violacea on a mud flat between tides. Later work was done at Salem. The inner harbor revealed the last-named species, with beautiful violet coloring, especially when wet. Salem harbor is practically all mud botlom. PoUnices, Nucula, Yoldia, Grenella, Periploma, Lyonsia, Tellina, Nassa, Bela, Retusa, etc., are obtained at moderate depths. Shore collecting revealed the usual species, with some things worth noting. AcmcBa testudinalis is very small and alveus scarce. At one small cove at low tide, with eel grass, I found another colony of Turhonilla winkleyi. 88 THE NAUTILUS. Passing to the outer harbor there is a slight change. More species of Bela, for example. Here I met a surprise in finding a third colony of Turhonilla. As the outer harbor is practically open sea, the occurrence is unusual. In fact the only locality known to me north of Cape Cod where that form occurs save in inner waters. So much ground remains to be examined that this report must be imperfect, yet the area covered showed Astarte very scarce. Thya- sira lacking, and some other forms expected did not appear. I am told that there are small beds of them in places not yet dredged. A few years ago the writer was stationed near New Haven. At that time I received much help from Dr. Bush, and together we examined many specimens of Turbonilla, Odostomia, Bela and other genera. It is my desire to recognize my high appreciation for her kind help by naming the following species for her. I am confronted with the fact that one Odostomia already bears her name. Not to be defeated in my purpose, I will use her first name, and am sure she will pardon me this time. Odostomia (^Evalina^ katherina, new species. Shell much smaller than 0. (E.) xoinUeyi, bluish-white, semi- translucent. Nuclear whorls deeply obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which the tilted edge of the last volu- tion only projects. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, with a very strong beveled shoulder, marked by many very slender axial threads and a number of fine. spiral lirations, of which one is at the angle of the shoulder, one on the shoulder a little nearer the suture than the angle; one forms the weak peripheral angle, and six others divide the space between the peripheral angle and the angle at the shoulder into subequal spaces. Sutures strongly constricted. Base short, well rounded, marked by spiral threads, of which the second one below the periphery is as strong as the peripheral one, the other four being of equal strength; the two basal ones dividing the space be- THE NAUTILUS. 89 tween the umbilical area and the stronger thread into three equal parts. Aperture very broadly oval, posterior angle very obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella very slender, slightly twisted and very slightly revolute, provided with a very weak fold, wliich is scarcely discernible in the aperture, but becomes apparent when the pillar is exposed by grinding ; parietal wall glazed with a light callus. Specimens were found in the Danvers River, on a mud flat be- tween tides, most of which are in the Winkley collection, and seven in the U. S. National Museum, cat. No. 208U67. The one figured has 5i whorls and measures, length 2.15 mm., diameter 0.8 mm. NEW HELICINA AND STROBILOPS FROM FLORIDA. BY H. A. PILSBRY. Several years ago Mr. G. H. Clapp called my attention to a form of Helicina differing in several respects from H. orhiculata Say, the specimens having been received from Mr. C. T. Simpson, who col- lected them at Lemon City, Florida. At about the same time Mr. Vanatta encountered the form in material from Lee Co., Fla., col- lected by Mr. C. B. Moore. He subsequently published a list of these shells (Nautilus for January, 1908, pp. 99-104), mentioning the form in question as Helicina orhiculata var. clappi Pils. MSS. No description has been published. Helicina orhiculata was described from the mouth of the St. John's River. The types, four specimens, are still preserved with Say's label. They are globose, very pale greenish-white, and meas- ure from alt. 6, diam. 6.8 mm., to alt. 6.3, diam. 7.7 mm. There is a distinct tooth at the junction of the columellar and basal lips. The periphery is well rounded. In the St. John's River valley, away from the coast, and where calcareous material is almost wanting in the soil, there is a small race of orhiculata, measuring, alt. 5.5, diam. 6.8 mm., to alt. 4.5, diam. 5.1 mm. H. orhiculata extends from Florida and Georgia west to Tennessee and western Louisiana. West and southwest of this it is entirely replaced by H. orhiculata tropica ' Jan.' Pfr., distinguished by its heavier shell and very thick lip. 90 THE NAUTILUS. Helicina orbiculata clappi, n. subsp. The shell is less globose than orbiculata, tending to a more trochi- form shape, the last whorl being very obtusely subangular at the periphery. The outer lip is more broadly expanded, thin, and there is only a weak angle or none at the junction of columella and basal lip. The color is white, very pale citrine, white with two red bands, or uniform red, the lip and apex pale. Alt. 8, diam. 9 mm. Alt. 7, diam. 8 mm. Alt. 6.1, diam. 7.3 mm. Distribution: Southern Florida, Dade, Lee and Monroe counties; types from Miami, Dade Co., collected by S. N. Rhoads and H. A. Pilsbry, 1899. On the east coast H. o. clappi extends as far north as Palm Beach (Pilsbry, 1899); on the west coast to Evans' Planta- tion on the Manatee River (C. T. Simpson). Key to Subspecies of H. orbiculata. a. Last whorl globose, periphery well rounded; a distinct tooth or angle at base of the columella. b. Lip thin or not much thickened, H. orbiculata. bb. Lip much thickened, II. o. tropica. an. Last whorl very obtusely subangular, the shape approaching trochiform; no distinct tooth at base of the columella, H. o. clappi. Strobilops floridanus, n. sp. The shell is conic with convex outlines, almost dome-shaped; the periphery only weakly angular, the base convex; rather solid; brown, the summit whitish-corneous. Whorls 5^, the first two smooth, the rest sculptured with narrow, rather widely separated ribs (about 30 on the last whorl). These ribs continue on the base, which is radially ribbed. Aperture semilunar, the peristome thick, narrowly reflexed, brown or whitish; parietal callus rather thick at the edge. Parietal lamella emerging to the edge of the callus, fully a whorl long. Infraparietal lamella scarcely emerging, penetrating as far inward as the parietal lamella. The inner half of this lamella and the parietal is nodose, the nodes minutely asperate. Interparietal lamella very low, about a half whorl long, nodose, penetrating as deeply as the parietal lamella. There is one axial lamella and four basal plicae, THE NAUTILUS. 91 the outer one peripheral in position; a single palatal plica is generally developed. These plica3 form a curved, very obliquely radial series, the inner end near the aperture. The two inner basal lamellae are much stouter and higher than the others, the second from the axis (or third, counting the axial) being the longest and highest of the plicae. Alt. 1.8, diam. 2.5 mm. Florida: Type No. 77044 A. N. S. P., from Miami, collected by S. N. Rhoads, 1899. Also widely distributed over the State. Tal- lahassee (C. W. Johnson, 1900), St. John's valley, Volusia and Marion counties (Johnson and Pilsbry, 1894) and many other localities. This species resembles S. virgo Pils. in shape and peristome, but it differs in the more widely spaced ribs, continued over the base. It differs from all known North American species by the much more deeply entering parietal lamellce, the inner ends of which pass under the parietal callus of the aperture. In other species these lamellae are only about a half whorl long. The inner basal plicae are also placed more deeply within than in other species. S. texasiajia Pils. and Ferr. resembles ^S*. jloridana in shape and in having a ribbed base, but the sculpture is much closer and the lamellae do not extend so far inward. S. floridanus is a common and widely distributed species in Florida. A depressed and angular form of S. labyrinthicus resembling S. I. strebeli occurs in some places, and S. hubbardi (A. D. Brown) also has a wide distribution on the peninsula and keys. Several other races of Strobilops will be defined in a future paper. The shells have to be opened carefully to demonstrate the internal structure, but fresh specimens can usually be determined without opening. Information is especially desired by the writer on the forms of New York State, and will be duly credited in a monograph of that fauna now in preparation. MOLLUSES FROM KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA. BY FRANK C. BAKER. During the past year Mr. F. B. Isely, Professor of Biology in the Oklahoma University Preparatory School, Tonkawa, Oklahoma, has sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences several interesting lots of 92 THE NAUTILUS. shells from Kansas and Oklahoma. As this region is not well known conchologically, it has been thought that a list of the species would be of value as a contribution to the subject of geographic dis- tribution. The region includes Grant and Kay counties, Oklahoma, and Sumner, Harper and Kingman counties, Kansas. The collection is now deposited in the Chicago Academy of Sciences. My thanks are due to Mr. Bryant Walker and Dr. V. Sterki for assistance in determining critical material. PELECYPODA. Lampsilis anodontoides (Lea). Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Lampsilis subrostrata (Say). Spring Creek, Grant county, Oklahoma. Lampsilis parva (Barnes). Bluff Creek, Grant Co., Oklahoma. Lampsilis purpurata (Lamarck), Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Lampsilis gracile (Barnes). Shoofiy Creek, Williston, Oklahojpa. Plagiola donaciformis (Lea). Chikaskia River, Hunnewell, Kansas. Tritogonia tuberculata (Barnes). Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Anodonta grandis Say. Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Oklahoma; Chikaskia River, Williston, Oklahoma. Anodonta corpulenta Cooper. Duck Creek, near Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Anodonta imhecilis Say. Shoofiy Creek, Williston, Oklahoma. Symphynota complanata (Barnes). Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Oklahoma; Chikaskia River, Williston, Oklahoma. Unio tetralasmus camptodon Say. Spring Creek, Anthony, Kansas. Unio tetralasmus sayi Ward. Spring Creek, Grant Co., Oklahoma. Quadrula undulata (Barnes). Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Okla- homa; Chikaskia River, Drury, Kansas; Shoofiy Creek, Williston, Oklahoma. Quadrula undulata lateeostata (Lea). Shoofiy Creek, Williston^ Oklahoma. Quadrula lachrymosa (Lea). Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Okla- homa; Chikaskia River, Drury, Kansas. Quadrula pustidosa (Lea). Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Okla- homa; Chikaskia River, Drury, Kansas. THE NAUTILUS. 93 Quadrula pustulosa var. Chikaskia River, Drury, Kansas. A peculiar shell is associated with pustulosa at this locality. It is compressed, quite elongated, and the surface is ornamented with many olive-green rays, radiating from the umbones. It is smooth, like schoolcraftensis, but is much more elongated than that variety, to which the Oklahoma pustulosa might quite appropriately be re- ferred. No specimens of the typical pustulosa have been seen from the region in question. Additional material may show this to be a recognizable race of pustulosa. Quadrula rubiginosa (Lea). Chikaskia River, Drury, Kansas. Quadrula coecinea (Conrad). Chikaskia River, Drury, Kansas; Chikaskia River, Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Sphcerium simile Say, variety. Tonkawa, Oklahoma; Wild Horse Creek, Spivey, Kansas. A much elongated and very cylindrical shell, which may prove to be a race of simile. Spharium striatinum Lamarck. Sand Creek, Argonia, Kansas. Muscidium transversum (Say). Shoofly Creek, Williston, Okla- homa. MuscuKum elevatum (Haldeman). Tonkawa, Oklahoma; Meridian Creek, South Ifeven, Kansas. Not quite typical, the shell being more elongate ovate in outline than in typical elevatum. GASTROPODA. Physa crondalli Baker. Wild Horse Creek, Spivey, Kansas; Sand Creek, Argonia, Kansas; Meridian Creek, South Haven, Kan- sas; Spring Creek, Anthony, Kansas; Shoofly Creek, Williston, Oklahoma; Spring Creek, Grant Co., Oklahoma. Physa ancillaria Say. Spring Creek, Grant Co., Oklahoma; Wild Horse Creek, Spivey, Kansas; Tonkawa, Oklahoma; Shoofly Creek, Williston, Oklahoma. ' The specimens are exactly comparable with typical ancillaria from Philadelphia. Physa anatina Lea. Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Ancyhis rividaris Say. Shoofly Creek, Williston, Oklahoma. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Wild Horse Creek, Spivey, Kansas; Spring Creek, Grant Co., Oklahoma. Planorbis deflectus Say. Spring Creek, Anthony, Kansas. 94 THE NAUTILUS. Lymnoea obrussa Say. Wild Horse Creek, Spivey, Kansas; Sand Creek, Argonia, Kansas. LymncBa parva Lea. Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Lymncea techella Hald. Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Succinea avara Say. Spring Creek, Anthony, Kansas. Succinea luleola Gould. Tonkawa, Oklahoma. AgrioUmax campestris Binney. Tonkawa, Oklahoma. Polygyra fraterna Say. Tonkawa, Oklahoma. THE MOLLUSCA OF DOUGLAS COUNTY, KANSAS. GASTEROPODA. BY G. DALLAS HANNA. (^Concluded from p. SS.") Polygyra fraterna friersoni Pilsbry. Very rare ; a few specimens identical with specimens of this variety from southern Kansas have been found in this county. Bulimulus dealhatus Say. This is evidently the form liquahilis Reeve, but I have not seen specimens of the subspecies to make comparison. It is found rather commonly on open rocky hillsides. Pupilla muscorum Linnaeus. From river drift at Lawrence. Pupilla blandi Morse. A few drift specimens have been picked up. Pupilla hehes Ancey. Two specimens found in drift, one at Tecumseh and the other at Lawrence. Pupoides marginatus Say. Common everywhere. Bifidaria procera Say. Common in open places favorable for mollusks. Bifidaria procera eristata P. &, V. Rare this far east. Bifidaria hordeacella Pilsbry. One specimen found in river debris at Lawrence. Bifidaria holzingeri Sterki. Very rare ; it gives way to the form Bifidaria holzingeri fordiana Sterki. Found in the woods of Blue Mound and elsewhere. Bifidaria contracta Say. Common in timber lands. Bifidaria armifera Say. Abundant. Bifidaria pentodon Say. Found sparingly in the woods. Bifidaria tappaniana C. B. Adams. Common on Blue Mound. Bifidaria agna P. & V. Very rare ; two specimens from drift debris of the Kansas river at Lawrence. THE NAUTILUS. 95 Vertigo ovata Say. Apparently rare. Vertigo milium Gould. A few specimens came from Blue Mound. Vertigo tridentata Wolf. Our commonest Vertigo; found on Blue Mound and in river drift at various places. Strohilops apnis Pilsbry. Common in woody places. Vullonia parvula Sterki. Very common where there is no shade. Vallonia costata Miiller. Drift specimens only have so far been found. Cochlicopa luhrica Miiller. Common on Blue Mound. AgrioUmax campestris Say. Not common. Agriolimax agrestis Linnaeus. This is the common slug of Kansas. Vitrea rhoadsi Pilsbry. This form is rather common in the woods. Vitrea indentata umhilicata Cockerell. Abundant everywhere. Vitrea milium Morse. This species is associated with Z. minuscula, but is less common in most places. Zonitoides arhorea Say. Abundant in all woods. Zonitoides nitida Miiller. Apparently a rare species and locally distributed. I have found it only near Lake View. Zonitoides minuscula Binney. This species is common in open woodlands. Zonitoides minuscula alachuana Dall. Found associated with the typical form but less common. Zonitoides singleynna Pilsbry. A species of the open plains. Zonitoides nummus Vanatta. Found at Lake View and at Blue Mound, in the woods on each occasion. Euconulus chersinus trochidus Reinhardt. Found in the wood- lands with Z. nummus. Philomycus carolinensis Bosc. Rather common on Blue Mound. A number of specimens have been taken. Pyramidula alternata Say. Abundant in wooded and rocky places. Pyraniidula asteriscus Morse. A few specimens have come from Blue Mound and more from fiver debris at various places in the county. Helieodiscus parallelus Say. This species lives in colonies around the limestone bluflfs altogether. Helieodiscus eigenmanni Pilsbry. One specimen was picked out of, drift from Lecompton; it probably washed there from farther west. Punctum pygmaeum Draparnaud. Apparently rare, as it has only been found once, and then in river drift from Lawrence. 96 THE NAUTILUS. Succinea avara Say. Not common. Succinea grosvenori Lea. Found in colonies in wet places. Succinea rusticana Gould. Generally distributed, but it has not been found common. • Succinea stretchiana Bland. This is our common Succinea. Carychium exile Lea. A colony of this species was found near the top of Blue Mound. Helicina occulta Say. Drift specimens have been found at Law- rence in a situation that would lead one to suspect that it is a resident. Lymnea techella Haldeman. Abundant in a drainage ditch south of Lawrence. Lymnea columella chalyhea Gould. Found in the Whitcomb greenhouse at Lawrence on the sides of flower-pots. Lymnea dalli Baker. Found in the greenhouse with L. columella chalybea and also in river drift. Lymnea elodes Say. One drift specimen is from Lawrence. Lymnea obrussa Say. Rather common in a watercress spring west of Lawrence. Lymnea parva Lea. Only a few specimens from river debris have been found. Lymnea reflexa Say. This form used to be very common in Lake View, but the flood of 1903 swept almost all away. Lymnea reflexa crystalensis Baker. Not common in this county. Planorhis bicarinatus Say. Lake View and Rock Creek. Planorbis trivolvis Say. Abundant in all ponds. Planorbis dejleclus Say. Lake View. Planorbis parvus Say. A few specimens were found along the Kansas River. Physa anatina Lea. Physa oleacea Tryon. These two species were identified by Mr. Bryant Walker. All the specimens of this county seem refer- able to them. Amnicola cincinnatiensis Lea. Found in mud creek commonly. Amnicola limosa Say. A single dead shell from the Kansas River. Campeloma decisum Say. Campeloma subsolidum Anthony. These two forms live abund- antly in the Wakarusa Creek, but are easily distinguishable. THE NAU riLUS, XXIU. PLATE IX. 6 5 MEXICAN AMNICOLID/E. The Nautilus. Vol.. XXIII. JANUARY, 1910. No. 8 NEW AMNICOLID^ OF THE PANUCO KIVEB SYSTEM, MEXICO. BT HENRY A. PILSBRT. In the course of Mr. A. A. Hiiiklt-y's expedition to the Panuoo river region in 1907 he found Potamopyrgiis coroimtus (Pfr.), Paludes- trina tampicoensis Pils., Gochliopa riograndensis Pils. & Ferr., and an Ajnnicola identified as A. guatemalensis C. & F., but which on further study turns out to be a new species. Several more forms are now added by the expedition of 1909, among th^'m a south- western representative of Somatogyrus and some very handsome though small species of Cochliopa. In the works of Crosse and Fischer and of von Martens, the American spinose Aranicoloids are referred to the genus Amnicola, in the belief that Potamopyrgus does not occur in America. This idea is in my opinion wholly erroneous. The American P. coronatus (Pfr.) has the dentition and the viviparous reproduction of the New Zealand type of Potamopyrgus. In New Zealand, as in America, both spinose and smooth forms occur. There is no conchological difference. No Amnicola is viviparous, and there is a perceptible if small difference in the shells, which are more compact and more solid in Amnicola. The genus Potamopyrgus occurs also in the Antilles, South America, West Africa and Tasmania. Perhaps the British Hy- drobia jenkinsi belongs to this genus. If viviparous it certainly does; but I have not investigated the species. Like Planorbis, Viviparus, Lymrtcea and some other fresh-water genera, it seems that Potamopyrgus has a very wide geographic distribution. Jn female Potamopyrgus one finds the young shells as in the genus 98 THE NAUTILUS. Vivtparus. This character serves to differentiate it from Paludes- trina, which the smooth phase resembles in shell structure. Amnicola crosseana n. sp, PI. ix, fig. 6. The shell is perforate, ovate-conic, corneous, smooth, the growth- lines being scarcely visible. Whorls 5, the first very minute, the rest not very convex; suture but slightly impressed, having a gray border (by transparence) below. Umbilical region defined by an angle. Aperture ovate, slightly oblique. Peristome thin, narrowly olive-edged, represented by an adnate transparent callus on the parietal wall, which is rather long. Length 3.1, diam. 2, length of aperture 1.6, width 1.1 mm. Found only in ponds at La Barra, near Tampico. This species was taken in considerable numbers. It has some resemblance to A. guatemalensis Crosse & Fischer {Faludtiia hyuHna Morelet, not Anton), but on comparing a specimen received from Morelet it is noticed that guatemalensis has much more convex whorls and a shorter more rotund aperture. A guatemalensis is very closely related to A. panamerisis Tryon. I doubt whether the two forms are specifically distinct. A. crosseana, named for M. Hippolyte Crosse, is distinct from species of the Texan region by its lengthened shape, rather pointed apex, the weak convexity of the whorls, the long adnate parietal callus and the angulation around the umbilical region. With the milky corneous examples there are many of a brown or russet tint, probably owing to a thin ferrous incrustation. Amnicola comalensis Pils. & Ferr. from Texas described in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1906, p. 171, fig. 37, is a much stouter shell than A. crosseana. In the description the length was given by error as 3.9 mm. It should have been 2.9 mm. Somatogtrus mexicanus n. sp. PI. ix, fig. 3. The shell is perforate, globose, higher than wide, corneous, smooth, solid but rather thin. Whorls 4^, strongly convex, parted by a deep suture, rather slowly increasing at first, but at the last whorl very rapidly enlarging. The last whorl is very convex, and descends more rapidly near the aperture. The aperture is ovate, subangular above. The outer lip is a little curved forward in the middle, or in other words, retracted above, thin-edged. The inner THE NAUTILUS. 99 lip is arcuate below, straightened above, heavily calloused in adults, especially above, and in contact with the preceding whorl only for a very short distance. There is a somewhat flattened umbilical area below the perforation, closely marked with growth-striae, and bounded by an angle, which is sometimes not very distinct. Length 5.3, diam. 4.5, aperture 3.1 mm. Length 5, diam. 4.5, aperture 3.1 mm. Coy river, on the road to Tampamolon; State of San Luis Potosi. Types no. 99023 A. N. S. P. This is the first Somatogyrus from west or southwest of the Mis- sissippi river system. CoCHLiorA COMPACTA n. sp. PI. ix, figs. 4, 5. The shell is depressed, solid, rimate, pale greenish olive, encircled with few or many dark olive or blackish lines and narrow bands, and sometimes a few cream-white bands. Spire convex, very nar- row when viewed from above. Whorls Z^ to nearly 4, the early ones smooth, the last very wide, rounded, sculptured with lov^r spiral threads or nearly smooth, descending to the aperture. The aperture is rotund-ovate, angular above, the outer lip slightly thickened, columellar and parietal margins thick. The umbilical area behind the columellar lip in fully adult shells is white and wide, the basal rimation either long or rather short. Alt. 2, diam. 3.9 mm. Choy river at the cave, south of Las Palmas, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. This species is closely related to C. picta, differing by the larger aperture, compressed and generally closed umbilical region, and the peculiar area behind the columellar lip of adult shells. It was taken in considerable quantity. The figures represent one of the most common color-forms. Other examples have lines and bands oyer the base also; and in some these markings are reduced to a few wide bands. COCHLIOPA RIOGRANDENSIS Pils. & Ferr. Valles river at Valles and Willis's ranch; Ganina river near Rascon. It is an abundant and variable species. In some examples the last whorl becomes free at the aperture, reminding one of the small shell described as Valvata micra. That species may prove to be a Gochliopa. 100 TIIK NAUTILUS. COCHLIOPA PICTA n. sp. PI. ix, figs. 1, 2. The shell is depressed, solid, narrowly umbilicate, there being a minute perforation and a curved, semicircular rimation where it enlarges at the last whorl; inner whorls pale olivaceous corneous, the last encircled with many dark olive spiral lines and bands, which are almost imperceptibly raised. The spire is convex, and narrow viewed from above, the last whorl being very wide. Whorls 3^, the last rounded, indistinctly plicate radially around the umbilicus. The aperture is rounded-ovate, angular above; outer lip thin; columellar lip rather heavily calloused; parietal wall short, calloused. Alt. 2.1, diam. 3.7 mm. Coy river, near the ford on road to Tampamolon, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. A few smaller specimens were taken in the Ganina river near Rascon. This species differs from C. riograndensis by its much smaller umbilicus, opening out only at the last half whorl. The spire is also more depressed. Many specimens were taken. RECTIFICATION OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE NUDIBRANCHIATA IN LERMOND'S " SHELLS OF MAINE." BT FRANCIS N. BALCU. A meritorious attempt by Norman "Wallace Lermond to list the mollusca of Maine has recently appeared under the title indicated above, and has been noticed in a recent number of the Nautilus. Considering the confused state of our knowledge (or rather ignor- ance, for knowledge we have little) of the Nudibranchs, it is scarcely a reflection on Mr. Lermond that his list of this most interesting but neglected group reflects the state of knowledge of nearly forty years ago. It is a painful admission that the additions to our knowledge since that time have been few and scattering, but such as they are they should be recognized; and Mr. Lermond's list, otherwise of considerable use as almost the only recent list of Nudibranchs from the northeast coast, might do mischief if allowed to stand uncor- rected in this particular — hence the following remarks. Aeolis purpurea Stimps. in all probability is Cratena pustulata (A. & H.), as Bergh believed, and should be written accordingly, though with a query. THE NAUTILUS. 101 Aeolis stellata Stimps. is a Coryphella only very doubtfully dis- tinct from the same author's mananensis, which in turn is either a synonym or a variety of Johnston's rufibranchialis — see a recent article by me in the Nautilus, Eolis {Cavolina) salmonacea Couth, (now universally but perhaps erroneously treated as a Coryphella) although omitted from this list, has been reported by Verrill from Eastport. But what Verrill understood that species to be no one can say except that it certainly was not the same as what European authors understand. But then, what European authors understand is just as certainly not what Couthouy meant! The fact is the true salmonacea is entirely enig- matical. However it should appear in the list, Dendronotus arborescens Miiller should be D. frondosus (Ascanius) — this change has been universally adopted. Cadllna repanda (A. & H.) should be G. obvelata ( Miiller )_same remark as last. Issa lacera should be credited to (Abildgaard) instead of (Miiller). Doris bifida Verrill (entered twice in the list, once as a variety of Acanihodoris pilosa and once as a variety of A. stellata), Doris stellata Gmelin and Acanihodoris citrina Verrill, are all synonyms of Acanthodoris pilosa (Abildgaard); while D. ornata Verrill is at most a variety. It is extremely doubtful whether Lamellidoris diaphana (A. & H.) really occurs on our coast. The common Maine form I believe to be L. aspera, mentioned below. However it correctly appears in this check list. Probably nothing can be done with Lamellidoris tenella and L. grisea but to retain them as Mr. Lermond has done, though they are practically nomina nuda. Ancula sulphurea Stimps. is a variety of A. cristata (Alder). With regard to Idaliella pallida (Ag.) Gould, several errors ap- pear to have crept in. No Idaliella occurs in Maine so far as I am aware. The only eastern American members of the sub-genus known, I think, are pulchella A. & H., found at Salem, Mass., in 1879, by Emerton, and modesta Verrill from Vineyard Sound and vicinity. There is, however, a Lamellidoris pallida of Ag. the dis- tribution of which is such as Mr. Lermond's list gives, and of which Proctaporia fusca Stimps. is a synonym as given. The citation in synonymy of Amoeroecium pallidum Verrill 1873, is, of course, in- 102 THK NAUTILUS. advertence. Amoeroecium is a genus of compound Ascidians. Ver- rill, in his Rep. on Invert, of Vin. Sound, 1873. notices (on dififerent pages) both Amoeroecium pallidum and Onchidoris pallida which latter is of course what Mr. Lermond intended to cite. Pallida is, however, a synonym of Lamellidoris aspera (A. & H.). The entry, therefore, should stand as Lamellidoris aspera (A. & H.) with Proctaporia fusca Stimps. 1860, Doris pallida Ag. 1849, and Onchidoris pallida " Verrill," Verrill 1870 and 1873, in synonymy. Lamellidoris muricatus should be written muricata. Palio lessoni should be written lessonii. TJRIONID^ FKOM SOUTHEASTEKN AEKANSAS AND N. E. LOUISIANA. BY E. G. VANATTA. Mr. Clarence B. Moore collected the following species of Unionida while on an archaeological expedition during the winter of 1908-09. Quadrula ebena Lea was everywhere the most abundant species. Dr. Pilsbry agrees with me in considering Uiiio domheyana Val. in Humboldt et Bonpland, Rec. Obs. Zool,, 1833, Vol. 2. p. 227, pi. 53, f. 1, a valid variety of Quadrula heros Say, instead of a synonym of Q. trapezoides Lea. The originally varietal name ohesa Simps, is used instead of Tritogonia tuberculata Bar. as the name tuherculata is preoccupied in Quadrula. Unio tuherculatus Barnes was grouped with U. apiculatus (now referred to the genus Quadrula) by Pilsbry in 1891 (Nau- tilus V, p. 76) ; a position confirmed by Dr. H. von Ihering in 1901 (Nautilus XV, p. 39), and by Dr. Arnold Ortmann this year. (Ann. Carnegie Mus., 1909, Vol. 5, p. 193.) All the specimens of Quadrula trapezoides, pyramidata, ehena, obesa and Plagiola securis were smaller than the usual size. I. Pyles Landing, Ouachita River, Calhoun Co., Arkansas. Obovaria castanea Lea and Anodo7ita opaca Lea. IL Near Pigeon Hill, Ouachita River, Union Co., Arkansas. Obovaria castanea Lea. Quadrula plicata Say. Plagiola securis Lea. " heros dumbeyana Val. " elegans Lea. " metanevra Raf. Strophitus edenlulus Lea. " asperrima Lea. Unio subgibbosus Lea. " obesa Simps. THE NAUTILUS. 103 Quadrula sphanca Lea. Quadrula pyramidata Lea. " nodifera Conr. *• ehenus Lea. " trigona Lea. III. Caryville Landing, Ouachita River, Union Co., Arkansas. Lampsilis hydianus Lea. Quadrula perpUcata Conr. " ligamentinus gibbus " heros dombeyana Val. Simps. " metanevra Raf. " fallaciosus (Sm.) " asperrima Lea. Simps. " nodifera Conr. Obovaria castanea Lea. " trigona Lea. Plagiola securis Lea. •* pyramidata Lea. U7iio gibbosus Bar. " eJerta Lea. " subgibbosus Lea. IV. Seven Pine Landing, Bayou Bartholomew, Morehouse Par- ish, Louisiana. Quadrula trapezoides Lea. V. Alabama Landing, Ouachita River near the mouth of Basche La Pierre Creek, Union Parish, Louisiana, 12 miles in a straight line above Ouachita, Louisiana. Lampsilis ventricosus satur Lea. Quadrula perpUcata Conr. " ligamentinus gibbus " heros dombeyana Val. Simps. " trapezoides Lea. " fallaciosus (Sm.) " cylindrica Say. Simps. " obesa Simps. " purpuratus Lam. " sphcerica Lea. Plagiola securis Lea. " pyramidata Lea. Unio gibbosus Bar. " ebena Lea. VI. 15 miles below Monroe, Ouachita River, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana. Lampsilis ventricosus satur Lea. Quadrida asperrima Lea. Obovaria castanea Lea. " spharica Lea. Quadrula perpUcata Conr. '♦ nodifera Conr. " heros dombeyajia Val.. " trigona Lea. «♦ trapezoides Lea. " pyramidata Lea. " metanevra Raf. " eJena Lea. VII. White Oak Landing, Boeuf River, Franklin Parish, Louisiana. Lampsilis hydianus Lea. Quadrula trapezoides Lea. " anodontoides Lea. " asperrima Lea. Quadrula heros dombeyana Val. VIII. Ouachita River, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana. Quadrula heros dombeyana Val. Quadrula ebena Lea. " asperrima Lea. 104 THE NAUTILUS. IX. Black River, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana. Lampsilis fallaciosus (Sm.) Quadrula heros domheyana Val. Simps. " trapezoides Lea. Ohliquaria reflexa Raf. VALVATIDAE OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. BY HAROLD HANNIBAL. "While preparing a paper on the tertiary fresh-water fossils of Western North America it became necessary to go over the litera- ture and examine all the Valvatidae available. This included speci- mens from the type localities of V. utahensis and F. virens and part of the original lot from which V. humeralis californica was described. There is therefore no doubt as to the authenticity of the determinations. Two new fossil species have turned up in the Upper Lahontan (Quartenary) of Nevada and Southern Oregon, descriptions of which are given here. In a paper on fresh-water fossils now in progress, all the species will be figured together for comparison. On account of the complex and unsatisfactory nature of a key the following table has been devised : Broadly umbilicate. Narrowly umbilicate. V. whitei. V. humeralis. F. ealli. V. virens. V. utahensis. Spire barely raised above body whorl. Rather low. Very low to very high. Moderately high. High. Smooth. Smooth. Smooth, carinate, or marked by spiral striae. Fine growth striae. Smooth. Whorls rounded beneath. Somewhat flattened. Rounded or carinate. Rounded. Somewhat angular. ? Blue-green or brown. ? Light to dark green. Pellucid. THE NAUTILUS. 105 V. lewisii Currier and V- sincera Say have been reported from T^est of the Rocky Mountains, but it is probable that all the speci- mens will prove to be V. humeralis. This is a somewhat variable and badly misunderstood species. It is apparently widely dis- tributed over all the Pacific slope. With the exception of V. humeralis all the species are abundant wherever they occur, but they are sporadic. This species is also sporadic but seldom occurs in large numbers. Valvata humeralis Say. Valvata humeralis Say. New Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 244. Mexico. Valvata humeralis californica Pilsbry. Naut., XXII, 1908, p. 82. Bear Lake, Cal. Small, smooth, brown or blue-green, spire variable but always low, umbilicus moderately broad, sutures slightly impressed. Character- ized by a noticeable flattening about the umbilicus. The barely matured specimens from Bear Lake do not show this character as noticeably as others in the writer's collection. This species has been identified by west coast conchologists as V. virens, V. lewisii, and V. sincera. The latter two can be easily eliminated but the specimens from several of the localities given with a question mark under V. virens may on re-examination prove to be V. humeralis. Not known as fossil. Distribution.' Mexico. California. * Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mts. (Berry). * Bluff Lake, San Bernardino Mts. (Berry). * Soap Lake, San Benito Valley (Hannibal). * Pond, Likely, South Pitt Valley (Hannibal). Slough, De Witte, Honey Lake Valley (Hannibal), Oregon. * Upper Klamath Lake (Hannibal). Washi7igton. Lake Washington, Seattle (Randolph). '* Seen by writer. ? Identification doubted. ^ 106 THE NAUTILUS. Idaho. Near Franklin (Hemphill). Utah. Near Salt Lake City (Yarrow and Hemphill). Valvata virens Tryon. Valvata virens Tryon, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1863, p. 148, pi. 1, fig. 11. Spire moderately elevated, whorls rounded, umbilicus rather nar- row, sutures moderately deep, shell marked by fine transverse striae, light green to deep green color. It has been the custom to refer any western American Valvata of a green color or with an elevated spire to V. virens. The writer does not know of its authentic occurrence north of Clear Lake. Call's Great Basin specimens are V. calli. References to living specimens from northeastern California and southeastern Oregon are probably V. humeralis. California. * Clear Lake (Tryon, Cooper, Hemphill). Alameda Co. (Cooper). Antioch (Carlton). * Pond near Watsonville (Laws, Hannibal). ? Willow Creek, Lassen Co. (McGregor). Oregon. ? Grant's Lake (Cooper). British Columbia. ? Nanaimo, Vancouver Is. (Dall). ? Lake Laggan, Rocky Mts. (Taylor). Fossil : Santa Clara Beds (Pliocene). Gelrich's coal mine, Santa Cruz Mts., Cal. (Cooper). * Galabazos Canon, Santa Cruz Mts. (Hannibal). Kettleman Beds : 10 miles east of Tulare Lake, west border of Kettleman Plains (Watts). Valvata utahensis Call. Valvata sincera var. utahensis Call, Bull. 11, U. S. Geol. Sur., 1884, p. 44, pi. vi, fig. 1-3. THE NAUTILUS. 107 Characterized by its tabulated whorls, well elevated spire, and very narrow umbilicus, sutures moderately deep; lip slightly diag- onal, usually angular below. Shell smooth, pellucid. This species is known only from near the type locality. It re- minds one of V. piscinalis of Europe. Utah. * Lehi, Utah Lake, near head of Jordan River (Call). Fossil : Semifossil, Bonneville Basin, Utah (Call.) Valvata calli n. sp. Valvata virens Call, Bull. 11, U. S. Geol. Sur., 1884, p. 21 (in part). Shell varying from a high spire as in V. virens to a very low spire as in V.lewisii; sculpture, smooth, carinate tricarinate or marked by numerous spiral striae. Umbilicus rather narrow; whorls rounded in smooth or striate forms angular in carinate forms. Sutures deeply impressed in high forms, slightly in low. Type tricarinate with moderately elevated spire. Measurements : Type, alt. 4.5 mm., diam. 5.5 mm., diam. of aperture 2 mux.; flnttened specimen, alt. 4 mm., diam. 6 mm., diam. of aperture 2 mm., Marl, Upper Lahontan Quarternary, near Sum- mer Lake, Ore. (F. M. Anderson). Also from " Central Nevada, near R. R.," named in honor of the late Robert Ellsworth Call. Valvata avhitei n. sp. Spire depressed, barely raised above outer whorl, broadly umbili- cate two whorls visible beneath; shell rather thick, smooth, marked by very faint growth lines; sutures very slightly impressed, whorls round. Measurements: Alt. 2.5 mm. ,^ diam. 6 mm., diam. of aperture 2.5 mm.. Marl., Upper Lahontan, Quarternary, near Summer Lake, Oregon (F. M. Anderson). This species resembles a very large specimen of V. humeralis, but the umbilicus is much broader in specimens of a corresponding size. The species also has a much thicker shell. Named in honor of the late Dr. C. A. White. Stanford University, Cal. 108 THE NAUTILUS. AH APPAEENTLY NEW SLUG FEOM THE EIVEE NILE. BT T. D. A. COCKERELL. The slug here described was kindly placed in my hands for deter- mination by Professor H. M. Gwatkin, of Cambridge, England. Veronicella mlotica, n. sp. Length 43 mm., breadth 11^; unusually narrow and parallel- sided ; sole narrow, its width about 4 mm., with 16 transverse grooves (not counting the lesser ones between each pair of strong ones) in 5 mm. of length ; female generative orifice 1^ mm. from sole and 2-| from lateral margin, its distance from head about 27^ mm. Upper surface finely and densely tuberculate, some of the tubercles a little larger and more prominent than the others ; hy- ponotum finely and more obscurely tuberculate. Color above (in alcohol) pale ochreous densely mottled with dark grey, the two colors about equal in amount ; there is a faintly indicated pale dorsal band, on each side of whiQh the dark mottling is heaviest ; on each side at about 2 mm. from the margin, there is a very faint suggestion of a dusky stripe. The underside is pallid, with a dusky suflfusion toward the sides of the hyponotum. Upper tentacles dark blue-grey. Stomach not covered by the liver, but rather broadly exposed ; course and form of the intestine quite normal, the last loop traversing a little less than a semicircle ; filiform glands extremely long (20 mm.), twisted right round the gut, the fully developed ones only five in number, but several other short ones at the base of the bundle. The sole does not project beyond the end of the body. An appar- ently distinct species, best known by its narrow form and very long filiform glands. It extends the distribution of the genus about fifteen degrees north in Eastern Africa. Collected by the Nile, above Khartoum, by Mr. Harold H. King, of the Wellcome Research Laboratories, Khartoum. NOTES. Errata. — " Land MoUusca of Aldabra," in the October number. Line 4, " Conoro " is a typographical error for " Comoro." Quota- tion marks should be placed at the beginning of the sentence of line 7, also of each succeeding paragraph and the finish of article. — Maxwell Smith. f The Nautilus Vol. XXIII. FEBRUARY, 1910. No. 9 A COLLECTING EXCURSION NORTH OF THE GRAND CANYON OF THE COLORADO. In August last Messrs. J. H. Ferriss and L. E. Daniels set out to extend the work begun by Ferriss and Pilsbry in 1906. From Bass' Camp they crossed the Grand Canyon of the Colorado ; scaled the northern rim, explored and collected in the Kaibab and Kanab plateaux, finally reaching Kanab, in southwestern Utah. Beyond the Grand Canyon, where we had worked in 1906, this was all a virgin field conchologically. An account of their journey is here extracted from a letter received from Mr. Ferriss. Friend Pilsbry : The Arizona expedition of 1909 is in the offing, to use a nautical term. We felt worried until your letter was found at the end of the trip. There was some danger of getting lost in the desert in an eflFort to find us. A settler with a team from Mt. Trumbull a day ahead of us was three days without water and just about all in when he reached the Pipe Springs. We supposed you would come the back-door route by Salt Lake so that in coming or going you would pick up the Oreohelix found by Hemphill. Unexpectedly we made the trip to Mt. Trumbull via Fredonia, Arizona and Kanab, Utah, and thus found the guide we had picked out watching for you. On a side trip I went up to the lakes in the mouth of caves along the Kanab Wash north of these villages, and from what I saw and heard it will be an interesting conchological trip along the mountains all the way to Salt Lake. It was at these cave lakes that I found Succitiea hawkinsi of British Columbia. We heard of Oreohelix with a Ions; nose but did not find them. 110 THE NAUTILUS. There must be a difference in the ajialomy of different lots of Suc- cinea avara sent in. We found it plentiful on llie ant hills in the Antelope valley, a desert as dry as the St. Simon valley. Again on the hottest and dryest of mountain rock at the Hurricane Fault. Still again we found it virith Oreohelix at the Big Springs in the Kaibab Mountains living in as moist a situation as we find Poiygyra multifineata. These were of a different color, larger and more cor- pulent. After this I hope to go into strange countries with U. S. Geologi- cal folios in addition to the contour maps, for the whole Mt. Trum- bull country was of lava formation, barren of shells except the small truck. We need limestone and shelter in our business. The Hurri- cane Fault had lime but no shelter and was equally as barren. This Trumbull side-trip took half of our time and cost a lot of money, but we enjoyed it. We love the Mormons, at least their cooking, and I am now physically perfect until next August. I will send you a map marking our collecting stations. There were 113 of these. Oreohelix was found at perhaps 100 stations and 80 of these are unlike any other colony in color, size or architecture, while each colony is reasonably uniform individually. We had a theory when we left the Two Springs canyon that the shells were small and dark in the higher altitudes and that they grew larger in a regular ratio as we passed to the lower levels, but in the Warm Springs Canyon the shells were largest at the upper stations and smaller at the lower. In the Snake Gulch they were smallest at the midway stations, and in Quaking Asp canyon it was a skip about between large and small. At Castle Springs, heavily shaded and in elderberry bushes, we found the largest. At Big Springs, facing the sun, moisture abundant, they were small with many albinos. Thus as to elevation, shade, moisture, soil or food we have no theory except like old- time chickens they may just happen to be large, small and middling, ring-banded, streaked or speckled. Our largest measured 30 mm. diam. and our smallest 8 mm. In the Huachucas the colonies of Oreohelix are of mixed forms, but the Kaibab shells are of one kind in each colony, with occasional albinos. Some of the colonies apparently divided their rock slide territory into families, designated by size or color. In one instance passing around the point of a rock, less than one hundred feet, and good traveling for snails, the colony on one side was as large again in size as those upon THE NAUTILUS. Ill the opposite side. Our prettiest shells are pure white with a green, transparent band, like Clapp's Maine find of Helix hortensis. Tiie Sonorellas were in small colonies and hard to dig. We did not find any after leaving the north rim of tlie Grand Canyon and the Kaibab-Powell Saddle. Powell and Kaibab plateaus are fairly level and I have never seen anything more beautiful in timber land- scapes. Powell is covered with a heavy growth of large yellow pine. , In the Kaibab plateau or mountains, better known in Arizona as Buckskin Mountains, blue spruce and quaking aspen with the pine lend variety to the scenery. No landscape artist in Fairmount Park could manage the grouping better than we saw it in a day and a half j6urn(!y by donkey, down the Snake Gulch (known as Shinamo Canyon on the U. S. maps.) We camped with E. W. Nelson and C. Birdsi of the biological survey of the U. S. Agricultural Department at Mt. Trumbull. Here we learned that the tufted-eared squirrel of the Kaibabs was Sciurus alberti var. kaihahensis. It is the largest American squirrel, black as silk with a white tail. A chattering chickaree is black throughout, and there are four chipmunks and a blue grouse. Deer were about as common as cattle, and as tame, for the Kaibabs are in a game preserve. The plains about Trumbull are populated with wild horses and these are common game, to be had for the catching. Again I visited the Grotto [on White Creek, a branch of the Grand Canyon] and took more of the maidenhair fern. It seems to be a new species, and it so happens I am working at that group. The Grotto and creek have been filling up with gravel since you and I were there togethei-. They are quite changed since our visit three years ago. From the Grotto, Wiiite creek keeps to the north and Muav to the west ; heading in the saddle between Kaibab and Powell plateaus. So when you and I slept by the fire and found the colony of Sonorellas we were in the Muav Wash and more than half way to the north rim of the Grand Canyon. About a mile above our sleeping place, there is a fine trout stream (without fish) and cliffs a thousand feet high, with Sonorellas. There were no mice this time at our old thousand-mouse camp on Shinamo creek.* We saw but two on the whole trip. Thus John had a fine orchard with leaves on the trees this time, also melons, sweet potatoes and common things in plenty. Their asbestos mine ^ On the north side of the Grand Canyon, near the river. 112 THE NAUTILUS. is very promising but it is a long road to consumption for the copper. We found a lialf million dollar copper smelter in the Kaibabs and a saw mill, but only two men in the mountains besides the foresters, and these were at the saw mill. They had a wagon road to Fredonia. In fact you can wagon from the top of the Kaibab saddle to Fredonia or most any other place in that region. An auto was driven through from Salt Lake while we were there to Bright Angel, on the north side of the canyon across from the hotel. But from Bass Station to Trumbull, 125 miles, there will be no inhabitants through the winter, except Bass and John working out assessments on new mines. Yours Truly, '^ Jas. H. Ferriss. A NEW VARIETY OF LYMNAEA STAGNALIS. BY FRANK C. BAKER. LyMN^A STAGNALIS LILLIANS var. nOV. Lymnaa stagnalis var., Daniels, Nautilus XXII, p. 120 (1909). LymvcBa stagnalis var.. Walker, Ann. Rep. Mich. Geol. Surv., 1908, 289, figure 63, No. 1 (1909). Shell elongate-ovate, with short spire and elongated, narrow aper- ture, which is typically longer than the spire ; whorls flattened, elongated, very flat-sided and sloping, especially the body whftrl which is cylindrical; spire sharply acuminated; whorls 5^ to 6 ; body whorl elongated, flattened, roundly shouldered ; aperture long and narrow, slightly expanded ; axis strongly gyrate ; umbilical region with a very minute, narrow chink ; sculpture and nuclear whorls as in stagnalis appressa. Length, 42.00; width, 22.00; aperture length, 26.00; width, 13.00 mill. Length, 40.00; width, 19.50; aperture length, 23.50 ; width, 11.75 mill. Length, 30.00; width, 20.00; aperture length, 24.50; width, 11.00 mill. Length, 37.50; width, 19.60; aperture length, 23.75; width, 12.00 mill. Length, 40.00; width, 19.00; aperture length, 23.25; width, 11.50 mill. THE NAUTILUS, XXIII PLATE X. ANODONTA DAKOTA FRIERSOI THE NAUTILUS. 113 Length, 28.00; width, 13.00; aperture length, 17.50; width 8.50 mill. Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences, five specimens, No. 24554. Type Locality: Tomahawk Lake, Oneida County, Wisconsin. Range : Michigan and Wisconsin north of the 45th parallel of north latitude. Records. — Michigan : Isle Royale ; various localities. (Adams ; Gleason ; Walker). Wisconsin: Quynoch Point, Eagle Bay, and other portions of Tomahawk Lake, Oneida County (Baker). Ecology : L. s. lilliancs is typically an inhabitant of sandy shores, in shallow water, where it is subjected to heavy wave action, only once was a specimen found in a still-water habitat, and this instance was undoubtedly caused by drifting from its normal habitat. When any number of specimens were found, the habitat was invariably an exposed beach. Associated with Ulliana were Galba emarginata and Flanorbis hinneyi. Individuals were observed crawling over the sandy beach or attached to water-soaked logs or other shore debris. The animal of this race exhibits two color phases, one bright yel- low and the other black or giayish-black. No cause for this color dimorphism was apparent. It is not protective as both forms occupy the same area of white sandy beach. ( To be continued.) DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ANODONTA. BY L. S. FRIERSON. AnODONTA DAKOTA, n. sp. Plate X. Shell elliptically rounded before (slightly cut away below) dorsal line nearly straight, base slightly curved. Posterior nearly straight, making the shell ti-apezoidal in outline. Epidermis straw yellow, with dark bands marking the rest periods. Umbonal ridge angular, beaks not high, with double loop sculp- ture, as in Ano. grandis, Say. Umbos inflated, greatest diameter of shell about ^ from beak to base. 114 THE NAUTILUS. Length, 3; height, 1.8; diameter 1.6 (inches). Length 76, height 51, diameter 40 mm. Found by Mr. W. H. Over, at Ulvers Point, Clear Lake, Deuel Co., South Dakota, July 1, 1909. To launch a new Anodonta is a perilous undertaking, but in this instance the novelty of the form is unmistakable. The beaks ally the shell, of course, to Anodonta grandis, Say. It is nearest to that form called by Mr. Antliony A. snbgibbosa (and especially to the figure of this species shown in the Conchologia Iconica, which is much more characteristic than the figure in the American Journal of Conchology). From any form of Ano. grandis it differs in being more cylindrical, i. e., in lacking the swelling " amidship " so often shown by A. grandis; in being rayless (so far as known), but especi- ally by having its posterior point not elevated above the basal line, and by the marked truncation posteriorly, which truncation is as marked as in Morgaritana morginata Say, and the straight posterior, and the resulting quadrilateral aspect of the shell. It is more quadrate than Anodonta doliaris, Lea. The lack of any ohh'quity is remarkable. Mr. Over also sent me from the same lake examples of Anodonta grandis, Say, and the facies of our species was strik- ingly dissimilar. A NEW SYSTEM OF THE UNIONIDAE. BY DR. A. E. ORTMANN, CARNKGIE MUSEUM, PITTSBURGH, PA. Since October, '09 the present writer has been engaged in the study of the anatomy of the soft parts of the Unionidob of Pennsyl- vania, collected during the last four years. The material at hand being very rich, it was possible to make out the structure of most of our species, and the results obtained are rather satisfactory, and are apt to furnish new principles for the systematic arrangement of the species. Simpson (Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 22, '00). in his system, has indi- cated some of the essential principles of classification, in fact, the first pointed out the most important feature, the shape of the marsiipium, Yet this system must be changed considerably, if it is to represent the natural atHnities. This is due chiefly to the fact, that Simpson. on the one hand, had ratiier insufficient material, and on the other, that he did not go into microscopic detail. THE NAUTILUS. 115 Some corrections of Simpson's system have been advocated by Sterki (Amer. Naturalist 37, '03 p. 103 ff.), and, generally, I find that these are well supported. Yet there are other differentiations in structure, which have been overlooked hitherto, and which are of prime systematic value. The most important (and gratifying) result of my investigations is, that the gills or parts of gills, which serve as marsupium during the breeding season, are permanently differentiated in their anatomical structure from those gills (or parts of gills'), which never serve as mar- supium. Thus it is possible to recognize the type of marsupium of any species, if only sterile females are at hand. My investigation will be published in full in the "Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum," amply illustrated by figures of the structures discussed. Although I am not quite done yet, and although I hope to secure additional material next summer, I think it advisable to publish my preliminary results as soon as possible, in order to direct the attention of the collectors to those genera, which 1 have not been able to investigate. It would be desirable for anybody, who intends to collect Unionidce next summer, to make up his mind from the beginning, that shells without the soft parts are not the thing that is wanted, but that the soft parts, at least of some specimens, should always be preserved in alcohol. The family Unionidce,, in Simpson's sense (1. c, p. 514, 515, 516), is accepted. Simpson divides it into two subfamilies, of which one, Hyriincz (= Hyriamz Swains., Simpson, pp. 515 and 806), is extra- limital, and which cannot be discussed at present. The other is the JJnionincE Swains. All our North American forms belong to the latter. But I think they should be divided into four groups, which I would designate as subfamilies. Thus, disregarding the Hyriina, the Unionidce are divided into four subfamilies, as shown below. In the following I shall give a systematic arrangement of the Pennsylvanian species. Of the characters, I have given the most important ones of the soft parts for the subfamilies, and for the genera where necessary. It is not my intention to go into any de- tail, since further investigations may possibly necessitate minor changes in the arrangement of the genera. Some notes are ap- pended at the end, in order to explain the most striking changes introduced here. 116 THK NAUTILUS. 1. Subfamily : Margaritanin^e. Gills without well-defined water tubes; connections of the two laminas by irregularly scattered prominences, but not by septa. (This is a most remarkable character, in which Margimtana differs from all other genera.) Supra-anal opening not separated from' the anal opening. Diapliragm (posterior part of gills, separating anal and branchial openings) of peculiar shape : the oxiier loniina of the outer gill is free from the mantle for a considerable distance. Inner lamina of inner gills free from the abdominal sac. No papillae on edge of mantle in front of branchial opening. (Marsupium and glo- chidia unknown to the writer.) Genus and species : Margaritana margaritifera (L.). 2. Subfamily : Unionin^e. Gills with rather well-defined water tubes, the latter formed by septa, which run the whole width of the gill, parallel to the gill- filaments. Supra-anal opening not separated or (generally) separ- ated from the anal, the closed part rather short. Diaphragm normal (i. e., outer lamina of outer gills connected with the mantle to their posterior end). Inner lamina of inner gills always free from abdom- inal sac. No papillas on mantle edge in front of branchial opening. Marsupium formed by both gills or only by the outer gill; edge of mar- supium always sharp (not distending). Water tubes not divided in the gravid female. Glochidia semioval or semicircular, without spine. 1. Genus: Qiranclis, namely those of Hoyle and Bergh, as indicated in my bibliography ; the experience and reputation of these authors being such as to require no apology for accepting their results. In the case of the BoHlsena I followed the spelling of the name as given in the work referred to, the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Polypus fontaineanus was named after N. Fontaine, and though it happened to be misprinted fonlanianus in the first fasci- culus of Orbigny's work, and this misprint was copied on the plate by the engraver, the error was corrected in the index of the book somewhat later. Under these circumstances we are authorized by the rules to accept the correction, as Mr. Berry proposes to do in the case of Turridse. However in the latter case since the deriva- tives of Turn's in Latin {turritus) English (turrited) and so far as I know all other languages, accept the euphonic " t " in derivatives of Turris, I kept the earlier form which is more in harmonj with TurrilellidcB and similar accepted locutions. The illustrations of the work were intended for those interested in the identification of the economic shellfish and not for anatomists, and for this purpose Orbigny's plates are quite satisfactory. As Whewell remarked "We are none of us infallible, not even the youngest of us." — Wtn. H. Dull. MBL/WHOI LIBRARY liIH IVIJP S 19V