Ribrary of the Museum
OF
COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,
AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Founded by private subscription, in 1861.
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A MONTHLY JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF
CONCHOLOGISTS.
VOL. IV.
MAY 1890 to APRIL 1891.
PHILADELPHIA :
Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON.
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INDEX TO TITLES.
QI
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. . 7
A few “nevers” for Conchologists. . 5
American Association of Conchologists. 9, 33, 45, 54, 68, S2.,0ie
[104, 117, 128
S
Amnicolidae, Preliminary Notices of New : . » O2;.65
Amnicola Sheldoni Pilsbry. ; : : 52
Amnicola lacustris Pilsbry. : : : 53
An American Anadenus (A. Gaatecvelli n. Beate ‘ 2
Anctus, Description of a New Species of (A. Pilsbry, Ford. ) 81
Annotated List of the Shells of St. Augustine, Fla. . : 4
Arconaia, A New Speciesof (A. Provancheriana, Pilsbry.) 127
Ariolimax Columbianus var. straminea. F : 120
Australian Limax. . : : ‘ : : é 107
Bulimuli, Critical Notes on ike : ; : : 61
Bulimuli, Notes on Florida ' : : F ; : 85
Bulimulus in Texas. : : : : ; : 60
Bulimulus Dormani, Notes on . : : : F : s)
Bythinella Hemphilli Pilsbry. : ‘ : : ; 63
Bythinella brevissima Pilsbry. ‘ iy ; . 63
Carychium, Forms of American : : : : 109
Catalogue of Conchological Aubreteniode, é P . 87s Tho
Cepolis, Notes on Certain Species of : : : 120
Classification of American Land Snails, Notes on the : 125
Collecting Chitons on the Pacifie Coast. . : : : 32
Conchological Notes from Oregon. . : : : 87
Constructed or Secreted ? : ; : : : 3 60
Cypraea Spadicea. . ; : é : ; . 71,54
lil
iV INDEX.
Distribution of Unionidae in the Mahoning, Cuyahoga and
Tuscarawas Rivers. . 3 : : : : : 20
Eastern New York Notes. ; é ; : ‘ : 66
Edible Mollusks of Maine. ; . ; ; : F 112
Goniobases, Remarks on Certain : : ‘ ; ‘ 49
Goniobasis Catenaria Say, Notes on . : ; 124
Haliotis. . ; : : : , : ; : ; 13
Haliotis rufescens. . : ; ; ‘ é : 59
Haliotidae. : : : ; : ; : 102
Helix introferens in sl J. : : : ; ; : 12
Helix hortensis in Nantucket. : ; : . 24, 48
Helix ptychophorus var. castanea cept é : 5 41
Helix tudiculata var. subdolus Hemphill. A : ; 4]
Helix Carpenteri, New Variety of (Var. Indioensis). . 51, 63
Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association. . : ; dl
Limax arborum from submaculatus f. nov. : : ‘ 12
Limnaea Pilsbryin.sp.. : : : 25
Limnaea stagnalis var. occidentale Henishill : : 26
Limnaea columella in Phila. . : : ; ‘ 4 47
List of Mollusca of Gloucester Co., N. J... : : : 113
Lucapinella. . E : ; : ‘ é 96
Mayo, Edward Richards (Obituana) ‘ ; : ‘ 132
Mollusks of the San Francisco Markets. . ‘ ; : 97
Mollusks of the United States. ; , 101
Nanina, New Species of (N. Ruseheemers geri Pilko) 64
New Species of U.S. Land Shells. . ; : : 3
New Forms of Western Limniades. . : : : ; 25
New Eocene Fossil from Texas. : : 3 : : 25
New Varieties of Western Land Shells. . ‘ ‘ ; 41
New Species of Limpet from Japan. . : 100
Notes on North American Pupidee with iesenpuian e New
Species. ' ' ; , , Pay
Notes on Mr. Hernphelles Gedosua : : . : 110
Notes on the Sculpture of American Limneeas, ete. . s 121
Omalax Singleyi, n. sp... : : : 3
Origin of Species. —. : : : : 11
Ostrea gigas Thunberg. : , : ‘ ‘ 95
Patella (Helcioniscus) Stearnsii, n. sp. é ; : z 100
Patula strigosa, New Varieties of : ’ : ; : 15
Pisidium, New American (P. Idahoénse Roper.) : : 85
INDEX. Vv
Physa ampullacea Gld. var. Columbiana Hemphill. 27
Polygyra Kiawaensis var. Arkansaénsis Pilsbry. : 131
Preservation of Color in Fossil Shells. : : : 30
Prophysaon. Why does it shed its tail ? : : ; 6
Publications Received. 4 é : ; 23, 36, 48, 72, 107
Pupa syngenes n. sp. : : , d 3
Pupa Californica. —. : ; ‘ : : : : 8
Pupa Dalliana sp., nov. . ‘ : : 2 : : 19
Pupidae, New Forms of American. . ; : 18
Pupidae, New United States. . : ‘ ‘ ‘ : 39
Pupa Hemphilli sp. nov... : : : : ; 27
Pupa Clementina sp. nov. : : - : : : 44
Scalpellum Stearnsii. ; ‘ : ; 96
Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode iain s . 22, 35, 46, 56, 70
Shells within City Limits. : , : ; . : 82
Snail Eaters. . é : : : : ; 132
Some American Gannibale 85
Spheerium secure Prime, Notes on og
Strength of Limpets. 32
Tebennophorus Hemphilli. ; 95
Unionide of Ga., Ala., S. C. and La. in South Blondes 125
Urosalpinx perrugatus Conr., Remarks on 29
West American Notes. —. ; t , 67
Zonites Shimekii n. sp... s : ; : ‘ Z 3
INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.
Aldrich, T. H.
Baker, F. C. .
Boyce, Mrs. Sarah E.
Campbell, John H.
Carpenter, Horace F.
Dall, Dr. Wm. H.
Dean, Geo. W.
Ford, John
Fox, Wm. J.
Hemphill, Henry
Johnson, C. W.
Keep, Josiah
Keyes, Chas. R
Leach, Dr. M. L.
Orcutt, C. R.
Pilsbry, H. A.
Raymond, W. J.
Roper, Edw. W.
Sampson, F. A.
Simpson, Chas. T.
Stearns, Dr. R. E. C.
Stein, Dr. Frederick
Sterki, Dr. V.
Teator, W.S.
Webster, G. W.
Winkley, Henry é
Williamson, Mrs. M. Bureau
Wright, Berlin H.
Wright, S. Hart
Yates, Dr. Lorenzo G.
3, 24, 49, 52, 63, 64, 100, 109, 124, 195, 127
; 25
29, 89, 115
71
6
11, 39, 85, 182
: 82
: ; 79, 1h0
: : ; , 1D
: . 95,1382
7, 18, 27, 44, 50
125
51, 54, 63
vl
HISTORY OF THE NAUTILUS.
In answer to numerous inquiries, it has been deemed advisable to give a
brief historical sketch of THE NAUTILUS and its predecessor Zhe Conchologists’
Exchange.
The present conchological periodical “'THr Nauti_us” was pre-
ceded by “ The Conchologists’ Exchange,” a monthly published by
Mr. Wm. D. Averell. The first number of the Exchange was
printed on a postal card in July, 1886. Beginning with August,
1886 the Exchange was printed in 12 mo. form, 53 x 63 inches, with
a varying number of pages. Eleven numbers (Nos. 9 and 10 being
printed together as a ‘‘double number’) were issued of this first
volume. The second volume began with July, 1887. Nine num-
bers were issued, when publication was suspended.
In May, 1889, Mr. H. A. Pilsbry with Mr. Averell issued the
first number of Tar Nautrius. The new periodical assuming the
unexpired subscriptions on the list of the “ Exchange.” At the com-
pletion of volume I (including May, 1889 to April, 1890), Mr.
Chas. W. Johnson purchased Mr. Averell’s interest in Tor Nautt-
Lus, Mr. Averell entirely severing his connection with it.
The present publishers of Tur Nauritus are unable to furnish
copies of “ The Conchologists’ Exchange.”
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JUL 2 1890
$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.
at Eide
AUTILUS
A MONTHLY
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS
OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
EDITOR:
H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
ASSOCIATE EDITOR:
C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.
vo. iv. /Z,2/4/, may, 1890 No. 1.
CONTENTS:
PAGE.
EDITORIAL. : : ; : 1
AN AMERICAN ANADENUS. Henry Hemphill. : : mc
Two New SpeciEs OF U.S. LAND SHELLS. H. A. Pilsbry. , : 3
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SHELLS OF ST. AUGUSTINE, FLa. C. W. Johnson. 4
Wuy Does PROPHYSAON SHED ITs TAIL? W. J. Raymond. eG
NoTEs ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN PUPIDA2 WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW
Species. Dr. V. Sterki. ; ; ; Jo eet ST
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. , : : : 9:
NOTES AND EXCHANGES. : ‘ : : : , Ap all
Published by
H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.
C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.
Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.
FOREIGN AGENCIES :—I ondon,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;
Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.
il ; THE NAUTILUS.
Nomenclature and Check-List
AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.
A list of United States Land Shells, complete to Sept., 1889, containing the
species and varieties with their habitats, prefaced by a brief discussion of their
nomenclature.
Collectors interested in American Shells will find this a useful list for arranging
and naming their collections, checking desiderata in making exchanges, etc.
20 pages, Octavo, Price, single copies - 10 ets.
oy s “per dozen - 50 cts.
Address :
TA! PILES RY:
Academy of Natural Sciences,
Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
t
FOR DISPOSAL :—Land, Fresh-Water, and Marine Shells from Europe, India, Cuba,
Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.— All good specimens, correctly named, and localized.
WANTED :—North American Shells— English specimens offered in exchange. (No Post
Cards.) Address to
DR. J.T. T. REED,
Ryhope, Sunderland, England. -
CIGAR SPECIALTIES.
ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.
CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER.
$5.00 PER HUNDRED.
“OTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred.
In 50 and 100 Boxes.
BINEEBY ACKER dé C@,, 123) N. Sthist.) Philayweas
Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U.S. Write for information.
FOR SALE.—Mounted Odontophores of twenty-
five species of California Marine Mollusca. Send for
list to
MISS ANNA GOODSELL,
Morgan House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
ee ON AUTLUS.
VOL. Iv. MAY, 1890. No. 1.
EDITORIAL.
With this number of the Nauriius we call the attention of our
subscribers to a change in the proprietorship of the journal; Mr.
Averell, heretofore its business manager, having retired, and entire-
ly withdrawn his interest in the paper.
The editor has now associated with him; Mr. CHarLes W. Joun-
son, acting curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, Phila-
delphia. To the majority of American conchologists Mr. Johnson
needs no introduction. It is a pleasure to the editor to be able to
announce that he has secured the codperation of so efficient a col-
league.
All communications of a business nature should be addressed to
Mr. Johnson. Contributions to the pages of the NautTrius may be
sent to either Mr. Johnson or to the Editor, at the addresses given
on the title-page.
After the first two numbers, the Naurrivs will be issued on the
first of each month. It is our intention to insure the prompt receipt
of each number by our subscribers.
It is the purpose of the proprietors to publish articles of interest
to beginners in the study as well as to experienced conchologists.
The next number will contain an illustrated paper of great interest
on Haliotis by Prof. Josiah Keep; the continuation of Mr.
Carpenter’s valuable notes on Rhode Island shells; articles by Dr.
Sterki, Mr. Hemphill, the Editor and others.
bo
THE NAUTILUS.
AN AMERICAN ANADENUS.
BY HENRY HEMPHILL.
Recently, on the Cuyamaca Mountains in San Diego County,
California, I was fortunate in finding specimens of what proved to
be a genus new to America. Submitting them to Mr. Binney and Mr.
Cockerell, they agreed with me in referring these species to Anad-
enus, formerly known of only from the Himalaya Mts.
The genus is characterized thus by Binney in his Genera of Slugs
—“ Animal limaciform, subcylindrical, tapering behind ; tentacles
simple; mantle anterior, concealing an internal shell-plate; no
longitudinal furrows above the margin of the foot, and no caudal
mucus pore; a distinct locomotive disk; external respiratory and
anal orifices on the right posterior margin of the mantle; orifice of
combined genital system behind and below the right eye peduncle.
Internal shell-plate small, oval, flat, with posterior nucleus and
concentric strive.
Jaw with numerous ribs.
Lingual membrane with tricuspid centrals, bicuspid laterals and
quadrate marginals.”
The genus differs from Prophysaon by its posterior respiratory
orifice, the position of the genital orifice and by its locomotive disk.
It will, however, be remembered that Fischer considers Prophysaon
a subgenus of Anadenus. The distinction between the two is slight,
especially as regards the respiratory orifice. The living slugs found
by me had it slightly posterior. In alcoholic specimens of this and
many of the Prophysaons it is difficult to detect its true position, so
nearly subcentral is it.
ANADENUS COCKERELLI, 0. sp.
Length contracted in aleohol 133 mill. Mantle 43 long, 27 wide.
End of mantle to end of body 8. Foot 2 wide. Foot with a loco-
motive disk, being distinctly differentiated into median and lateral
tracts. Respiratory orifice slightly posterior, on right edge of man-
tle. Genital orifice below right tentacle. No caudal mucus pore.
Locomotive disk narrow, only half the width of the lateral areas.
Sides of foot wrinkled, but not differentiated from lateral areas, nor
specially marked, the wrinkles being a continuation of the transverse
grooves of the lateral areas. Mantle tuberculate rugose, oval in out-
line, bluntly rounded at either end, not grooved as in Amalia. Man-
THE NAUTILUS. 3
tle free in front as far as respiratory orifice. Back rather bluntly
keeled its whole length; rugze rather flattened and obtuse, consist-
ing of grooves inclosing mostly hexagonal lozenge-shaped spaces,
which are themselves rugose. Color, uniform brown-black without
markings, except some dark marbling on the lighter sides. The por-
tion beneath and in front of the mantle is pale, and the head and
neck have a gray tinge. Foot brown. Internal shell solid, easily
extricated without breaking.
Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego Co., California.
Jaw low, wide, slightly arcuate, ends blunt, anterior surface with
about twenty wide, flat ribs, squarely denticulating either margin.
Lingual membrane short and narrow. Teeth 20-1—-20, of which
eight only on either side are laterals. Centrals tricuspid, laterals
bicuspid, marginals quadrate, bluntly bicuspid.
Iam indebted to Mr. Binney and Mr. Cockerell for assistance
in preparing the above description.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF U. S. LAND SHELLS.
BN. He AS SPLESB RY.
Zonites Shimekii Pilsbry. This is a larger form than Zonites
limatulus, much less depressed. The specimens are from the
Loess formation, at Iowa City, Iowa, collected by Prof. B. Shimek
and the writer some years ago. Being fossil, they lack color and
epidermis. The sculpture is similar to Z. dimatulus.
Alt. 3, diam 6 mill.
Pupa syngenes Pilsbry. Shell subeylindrical but wider above,
composed of 8 narrow, convex whorls, sinistrally convoluted ; text-
ure as in P. muscorum, but color rather lighter brown. Last
whorl ascending, imperforate, bearing a strong high crest just behind
the outer lip. Aperture shaped as in muscorum, having a single
small parietal denticle. Alt. 5%, diam. 13 mill. ;
Two specimens of this form are before me, and I am in doubt
whether to give them a new name, as they may be only sinistral
monstrosities of the common P. muscorum. The shells are labeled
“ Arizona” in the Academy collection, collector not known.
[Since the above paragraphs were in type, I have received a com-
munication from my friend Dr. V. Sterki, to whom I sent a speci-
4 THE NAUTILUS.
men of P. syngenes, which I at first described as a variety of
muscorum. He says:
“T am satisfied that it is a species, and not a var. of muscorum:
the shape of the whole shell, the last whorl! so considerably flattened,
and ascending, the number of whorls, seem to me to prove its spe-
cifical rank. * ** * After washing out the aperture of your specimen
I saw a rather strong lamella or tooth on the columella, and a
barely perceptible trace of an inter-palatal lamella, which however
is validified by the impression on the outside.’’]
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SHELLS OF ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.
BY C. W. JOHNSON.
Teredo nivalis L.
Pholas campechiensis Gmel. Single valves are common on the
ocean beach but living examples are rarely found.
Pholas costata LL. Common.
Pholas truncata Say. A few specimens in the hard mud on
Anastasia Island. |
Martesia cuneiformis Say. Common burrowing into coquina wood,
ete.
Solen americana Gould. Not common and smaller than those
from more northern localities.
Solen viridis Say. A few specimens.
Glycimeris refleca Say. One specimen with both valves intact was
found on a bar in the harbor.
Glycimeris americana Conr. (G. bitruncataConr.) Singlejvalves
are occasionally found on the ocean beach—apparently recent.
Mya arenaria L. A few single valves.
Corbula contracta Say. Common.
Mactra solidissima Dillw. var. similis Say. Common.
Mactra lateralis Say. Common.
Mactra braziliana Lam. (M. oblonga Say.) Not common.
Labiosa lineata Say. A few single valves on the ocean beach.
Labiosa canaliculata Say. Common.
Semele orbiculata Say. Common.
Abra aequalis Say. Common.
Cumingia tellinoides Conr. Not common.
THE NAUTILUS. 9)
Tagelus gibbus Spengl. Common.
Tagelus devisus Spengl. Common.
Tellina alternata Say. Common.
Tellina polita Say. Common.
Tellina tenera Say. Common on the bar below the United States
Barracks.
Tellina braziliensis Lam. A few single valves.
Macoma tenta Say. Not common.
Macoma constricta Brug. A few single valves.
Donax variabilis Say. Common.
Donax obesa V’Orb. Common at the mouth of the Lagoon.
Petricola pholadtiformis Lam. Common.
Petricola typicus Jonas. One specimen from a coquina rock at
Matanzas Inlet.
Venus mercenaria L. Common.
Venus cancellata L. A few single valves.
Callista gigantea Gmel. Not common,
Dosinia discus Reeve. Common.
Cyrena carolinensis Bose. Common in small brackish-water
streams.
Spherium partumium Say. Common in Moultrie Creek.
Spherium contractum Prime. A few near St. Mark’s pond.
Cardium magnum Born, Common.
Cardium muricatum L. Not common.
Levicardium serratum L. Rare.
Chama arcinella L. A few single valves.
Chama macrophylla. Not common.
Lucina dentata Wood. Common.
Lucina crenulata Conr. Not common.
Loripes edentula L. Large single valyes are quite common but
living examples are rare.
Solemya velum Say. ‘Two specimens.
Parastarte triquetra Say. Not common.
Cardita tridentata Say. Not common.
Unio blandingianus Lea. Common in Cowan’s Swamp. This is
one of the Florida species that is able to survive a long time out of
water.
Unio fuscatus Lea. Common in the upper part of Moultrie Creek.
Unio nigrinus Lea. Common in tributaries of the St. John’s
River west of St. Augustine.
6 THE NAUTILUS
Nucula proxima. Common.
Arca incongrua Say. Common.
Arca transversa Say. Common.
Arca pexata Say. Common.
Arca americana Gray. Common.
Arca ponderosa Say. Common.
Pectunculus sp.? Single valve.
Mytilus exustus L. Common.
Mytilus hamatus Say. Common.
Modiola tulipa L. A few small specimens.
Modiola plicatula Lam. Common.
Modiola lignea Reeve. Two specimens attached to Gorgonia.
Dreissensia leucopheata Conr. Common in brackish water.
Lithophagus appendiculata L. Common burrowing into Coquina.
Avicula atlantica Lam. Three specimens.
Avicula radiata Lam. One specimen attached to floating sea-
weed.
Pinna seminuda Lam. Common.
Pinna muricata L. Common.
Plicatula ramosa Lam. 785
Published by
H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.
C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.
Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.
FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;
Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.
li THE NAUTILUS.
North American Shells for Sale.
The undersigned is prepared to supply unusually large and good
collections of North American shells at moderate prices.
New Catalogue and Price-list now ready. It contains the names
of over 1,700 species and varieties of North American shells. Price
20 cts., free on all orders of one dollar and over.
Address
HENRY HEMPHILL,
POs Ox Ol: San Diego, Cal.
The West American Scientist. —
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,
The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.
PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00
ADVERTISING RATES AS FOLLOWS:
One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.
Yearly contracts rated as ten months.
“ Decidedly the best of its class.’’—Gro. W. Tryon, Jr.
C. R. ORCUTT, EpDITOR AND PUBLISHER,
Orcutt, San Diego County, California.
informs collectors that he has a large and choice stock
which is being constantly replenished by the purchase of
collections and by agents abroad.
CotitEctors ARE INviITED To SEND THEIR Lists oF
DESIDERATA.
H. F. having, during the last fourteen years, confined his at-
tention solely to the study of shells, collectors, should they favor him
with their orders, may rely upon having none but good and au-
thenticated specimens sent.
Huau Futton, 89 FurHam Roap, Lonpon, 8. W.
i}
i) f iid
» LAS MA TALS &
dames MW Windrun Arcee
Seas Nor ist
VOL. Iv. NOVEMBER, 1880. No. 7.
A GLANCE AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF
PHILADELPHIA.
BY JOHN FORD, PHILADELPHIA.’
The present building of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia fronting on Logan Square, is a very large one, but the new
structure, of which a perspective view is given on the opposite page,
will be quite double the size; the front of the latter on 19th St.,
being 155 feet ; and that on Cherry St. 150 feet, thus giving an addi-
tional surface area of 20,150 square feet. Four tiers of galleries
52 ft. wide will surround an open central hall, the whole illuminated
by an arched glass roof springing at a height of 80 ft. above the floor.
Added to these will be many rooms for Laboratory, Office and other
purposes. The society for whose accomodations this noble edifice is
being erected, is the oldest of the kind in America, it having been
founded in 1812 by a few earnest seekers after knowledge. Since
then many hundreds of names, among them a large number well
known to-day, have been added to its membership. It is not strange,
therefore, that for many years the society’s decisions have had great
weight in the scientific world.
In addition to its contributions to the progress of science through
the publication of discoveries and investigations, and courses of popu-
lar lectures, it has established a museum of natural objects equal in
many respects to the finest known. In this vast aggregation there
1 Epiror OF NAUTILUS, DEAR SIR: Accompanying this communication
please find a picture of the building of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, as it will appear when the addition now under construction is finished.
76 THE NAUTILUS.
are thirty thousand birds including the Gould collection of Austra-
lian species, the Bonaparte collection of European species and Ver-
reaux series from Asia and Africa.
The collection of fossils, which is being systematically arranged
by Prof. Angelo Heilprin, Curator-in-charge, contains some 20,000
trays of specimens besides a larger number of original types of
American Tertiary fossils than all other collections in existence.
The Minerals, including the superb collection of the late Wm. 8.
Vaux, equal in numbers and beauty the best in the country.
Of no less interest and value is the collection of Insects which in
extent and completeness is almost unrivaled. Nor less instructive
and attractive is the Herbarium with its vast number of specimens,
including 35,000 species of flowering plants.
Many other equally important collections are contained in the
Museum.
Among these may be mentioned the Fishes, Reptiles, Corals,
Sponges and Crustaceans, all of which are largely represented.
There are also some 1,700 specimens of human Crania and a host
of Archaelogical objects.
But of more especial interest, perhaps, to the readers of the Nau-
tilus is the Conchological collection.
This is equal in all respects to the best in the world, and super-
ior to all in the systematic arrangement of the specimens. There
are fully thirty thousand species and named varieties in the collec-
tion, these embracing nearly a half million of specimens, the majority
of which were presented from time to time by prominent Concholo-
gists whose knowledge and means enabled them to select and secure
the best examples available. To this fact may be ascribed much of
the beauty and value of the collection.
As already stated the arrangement of the collection is superior to
any in the world, and this is directly due to the careful study and
matchless executive ability of the late Mr. Tryon who planned it in
accordance with the design previously prepared by him for his
masterly work the MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.
He did not live to see the entire fulfilment of his wishes but they are
being faithfully carried out by his friend and sometime assistant,
Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, the present conservator of the department and
Editor of the Manual.
The primal group in the arrangement is a synoptical one embra-
cing all of the principal genera known.
THE NAUTILUS. Te
With each of these are a sufficient number of species to make the
generic distinctions at once apparent, thus enabling the student to
locate in the general collection any genus he might wish to exam-
ine.
Following this group are the genera with their full complement
of species, the bulk of the latter represented by specimens, the
remainder by figures or models.
First in line are the Cephalopods, which as your readers know,
comprise the highest class of the Mollusca.
Only a few of these produce shells that are wholly external. A
fine display, however, of those belonging to the Nautilus and Argon-
auta are to be seen, together with many rare models of shell-less spe-
cies.
Near these are several trays of frail glass-like shells belonging to
the class Pteropoda. Of this class quite a number of genera are rep-
resented making a very dainty and delicate group.
Next in order comes the Marine Gastropods, a class containing
a far greater number of genera than either of the others named. In-
cluded in these are the Murices, Tritons, Purpura, Volutes, Fusus,
Mitra, Marginella, Olives, Cones and Cypraea.
In all of these are rare and costly specimens, while some of them
show an almost complete series of the species.
This is especially so as regards the Cones, Olives and Cypraea, the
last being the largest and finest collection of its kind in the United
States save that belonging to John H. Campbell Esq. of Philadel-
phia, which is indeed worth a long journey to see. Exquisite speci-
mens are also plentiful in the other genera mentioned. Passing
from these the visitor will meet with many series of genera belong-
ing tothe same class. Though less prominent, perhaps, than those left
behind, they are in some respects quite as interesting.
Among them is the genus Cerithium, a group of wax-like shells,
whose “ quaint and curious” forms make them delightfully attrac-
tive. Here too are the Littorina, the Turbo, Trochus, Phasianella
and many others including the genus Haliotis which in beauty,
number of species and size of specimens, can fairly claim the atten-
tion of all lovers of Nature’s handiwork.
Near to these are the Patella, Bulla and Chitons, all of which
are worthy of attention, though among the last of the Marine Uni-
valves.
78 THE NAUTILUS.
Here also, near the center of the west gallery, are located the cases
intended for a special collection of all molluscous species belonging
to the United States.
The idea of this collection emanated from the President of the
American Association of Conchologists and there is every reason to
believe that the members will agree with him and show their apprecia-
tion of the project in offerings of the best specimens obtainable near
their respective homes. Just beyond these, in cases and drawers,
can be seen a majority of all the fresh water species of the world,
including the types of Rafinesque, Say, Conrad, Tryon, Haldeman
Gabb and others, and a series of duplicate types of Lea’s Unionidee.
The series of Land Shells commences with Oleacina, a genus
chiefly confined to the U. 8. Gulf States and Central and South
America. A majority of the species are shown, and as many of the
shells are translucent, the visitor, for this and other reasons, will find
them both interesting and instructive.
The same translucent, and in some instances transparent, character
is also finely illustrated among species of Vitrina in a case near by.
Just beyond the latter are several families containing a compara-
tively large number of genera. Of these the most familiar are Gib-
bus, Zonites and Nanina, the arrangement of which is entirely com-
"pleted, a task that only expert conchologists can fully appreciate.
In Zonites and Nanina many beautiful gems are presented, though
none so singular in form, perhaps, as are the species Lyonettianus and
pagodus in the genus Gibbus.
Next come the typical Helices, a genus containing some 3,400 spe-
cies. An enormous number indeed to be of one kin. Among those
exhibited are many specimens remarkable for size, perfection of fin-
ish, and the rare combination of colors adorning their surfaces.
With these can be seen H. picta, from Cuba, with its forty color
varieties, each “a thing of beauty and a joy forever ;” H. Gibboni
with its white and chestnut-colored crescents; and H. Polygyrata
whose many whorls are alike suggestive of giddiness and French
horns. Also scores of others no less enchanting though hailing, with
their less favored brothers, from all continents and islands of the
world. In the same family is that wonderful group known as the
Cochlostyla. This comprises many sub-genera, including the typical
Cochlostylus of Ferrussac. The group, however, as it is understood,
embraces nearly all of the Helicoid and Bulimiform land species
belonging to the Philippine and adjacent islands.
THE NAUTILUS. 79
Nothing but superlatives of the highest order can do justice to the
superb appearance of this group. Where each species exhibits a
style of beauty peculiar to itself, and all are charming, any special
reference to individual perfection would seem invidious.
Some, it is true, show a higher caste of beauty than do others, but
none the less are they all graceful and fair to look upon. With
slight modifications these remarks will also apply to the genus Buli-
mus in an adjoining case. This group is not so patrician in general
appearance, but a large percentage of the species are sufficiently
handsome to create a desire for possession in the heart of the collec-
tor.
Nor would this desire be lessened on his beholding, a few feet a-
way, the grand display made by the genus Achatina, many species
of which are quite large, symmetrical in form and radiant with color.
Following these, with an almost complete complement of species,
are still many families belonging to the Pulmonata.
Among this number, the best known are the Achatinellidae, the
Cylindrellidae, Pupidae, Succineidae and Auriculidae.
All are rich in species especially interesting to the student, and
possibly so to the casual observer; but lack of space prevents any
further allusion to them at present. For the same reason but little
reference can be made to the multitude of bivalves still unnoticed.
These belong to the Class Pelecypoda, and are chiefly marine.
Among the most beautiful of the genera are the Tellina, Cythe-
rea, Tapes, Cardium, Trigonia, Spondylus and Pecten. These are
the queens of the Class, though many other genera are endowed
with species but little inferior either in form or color.
Few, however, can rival the regal beauty of Ted/ina radiata, Cy-
therea erycina, Tapes literata, Cardium pseudolima, Trigonia mar-
garitifera, Spondylus princeps, Pecten pallium and other species grac-
ing their respective genera. All gems, rare gems from ocean sands
and caves
“ Where the foot treadeth not, nor the eye may scan ;
Deep, deep from the haunts and the homes of man.”
Philadelphia, October, 1890.
NOTES ON BULIMULUS DORMANI W. G. B.
BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In the Oct. Nautrius Mr. Berlin H. Wright separates a form of
Bulimulus Dormani from the type, calling it var. albida, and
80 THE NAUTILUS.
makes the sweeping assertion that “it is never found associated with
the typical.”
Such a statement is a very strong one, and would indicate either
that the writer was thoroughly familiar with every locality in which
the shell was found, or that others had searched over its entire area
of distribution, and that all the facts regarding it were known.
Such an amount of knowledge is scarcely possessed concerning any
mollusk I know of.- It is hardly safe to say with certainty that any
shell of the later Tertiaries is extinct, that a species is never found
outside of-a given locality, or only under certain conditions, or that
one form may not connect with another, because the army of lynx-
eyed collectors at work now are creating continual surprises in such
matters, bringing the dead to life and finding forms in just the places
and under just the circumstances that other persons have said they
could not.
While living at Braidentown, Florida, I found Bulimulus Dor-
mani quite abundant, living and dead, in heavy hammock lands
north of the Manatee River, and with the typical form, on the very
same trees, I found quite a number of specimens without a vestige
of color! The ground of most of these shells was a lovely pale por-
celain, the spots were usually reddish brown, sometimes forming un-
interrupted bands somewhat clouded, or more or less distinct ; and
between these and the unicolored shells, there was almost every
variation. Some of the specimens were a uniform horn color, others
a waxen or porcelain tint. There was also quite a range of varia-
tion in size and solidity ; some shells measuring one and a fourth
inches in length, others that I believed to be adult were not over
three fourths of an inch long; some were quite solid for so frail a
species, and others so fragile that they could be blown to fragments
with the breath, and it was next to impossible to collect or handle
the latter. Many of these were quite inflated, others attenuated,
and I am inclined to believe that B. marielinus s only a dwart,
elongated form of this same shell.
In the collection of the U. S. Nat. Museum, there are a couple of
shells (No. 29612) collected by W. W. Calkins, with only Florida
given as a locality, and labelled Bulimulus Floridanus Pfr. These
agree quite well with the figures of that species (448) in Binney’s
Manual of North American Land Shells, p. 407. The texture is
more solid than B. Dormani or Marielinus as I have seen them, the
whorls are somewhat convex, the last sub-angulated below the mid-
THE NAUTILUS. 81
dle, the columella and aperture agree fairly well with the descrip-
tion, but the color is a uniform brownish buff, darker slightly on the
base. They are close to certain unicolored forms of B. virgulatus,
Rve. of the West Indies, and certainly seem different from anything
I have seen bearing the name of Dormani, Marielinus or Floridanus.
Mr. Calkins collected several years in Florida for the Chicago Acad.
Nat. Sciences, published a catalogue of Florida shells and furnished
a good deal of material for the Nat. Museum, and his localities seem
to be reasonably accurate. I may remark in passing that B. stram-
ineus Guild., of the Isle of St. Vincent, is extremely close to the uni-
colored forms of Bulimulus Dormant.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ANCTUS.
BY JOHN FORD.
Anctus Pilsbryi, Ford, N. Sp.
Shell rimate-umbilicated, ovate-conical, spire acute, apex black ;
whorls 7, slightly convex, the last somewhat constricted near the base.
Aperture extremely narrow, oblong; lip flatly reflected, the central
portion for about two-thirds of its length provided with a flange ex-
tending toward the inner or columellar lip from which proceeds a
corresponding convexity thus giving to the aperture a form much
like the traditional key hole. Color light gray, painted longitu-
dinally with brownish and black lines.
Length of shell 25, length of aperture 12, width between flanges
1 mill, width of flange on outer lip 2 mill. Color of lip white.
Habitat Brazil.
Anctus angiostoma and A. Pilsbryi are the only living species of
the subgenus known and they are in some respects very much alike.
In the former, however, the apex is not black and shining nor are
the apertures at all alike, save in general outline. Indeed that of
A. Pilsbryi is absolutely distinct from any other known to the writer.
This alone would justify its specific separation, and it will be a
miracle perhaps if a form so peculiar does not appeal to the genus
makers as well.’
Phila. Pa., Oct. 13th, 1890.
1 The above description is chiefly drawn from memory, as the shell was un-
fortunately mislaid before the less salient features were thoroughly verified. It
can be understood, however, that all of the characters given above are approx-
imately correct.
$2 THE NAUTILUS.
SHELLS WITHIN CITY LIMITS.
While hunting for fossils in an old stone yard in Sedalia, I found
that the Pupa fallax, Say, was quite plentiful, some stones of the size
of a hand haying nearly one hundred shells on the under side.
Short searches on three different days gave about 2000 Pupa fallax,
250 Pupa rupicola, and 10 Zonites minusculus.
The stone yard is in the suburbs, and is grown up with grass, be-
ing surrounded by unbroken prairie. I had never before found any
land shells in the city, nor either species of Pupa so abundant in any
other part of the county. My surprise was increased a few days
after to get large numbers of Vallonia pulchella collected by Mr. R.
A. Blair on a vacant lot within a block of the business center of the
city, being the first record of this species being found in the State.
Along with these latter shells, were found two Zonites arboreus.
This year has evidently been a favorable one for shell life, as it has
been in this county, also, for fruits and vegetables.
Sedalia, Mo. F. A. Sampson.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
OcToBER 21, 1890.
Since date of last announcement the following new members have
been enrolled in the Association :
101. W.S. Teator, Upper Red Hook, N. Y.
102. C. A. Whittemore, Grand Rapids, Mich. Helicidae, Uni-
onidae and Michigan shells.
103. R. H. Pettit, Ithaca, N. Y.
104. Albert Bailey, Chepachet, N. Y.
The United States Collection.
The announcement in the last number of the Naurrius, of the
proposed formation of a great National Collection of United States
Mollusca, to be deposited for permanent exhibition in the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, has excited much interest among
the members, quite a number of whom, have signified their inten-
tion of contributing specimens. The following is a sample of letters
received by the President:
Bloomington, Ill. Oct. 18, 1890.
John H. Campbell Esq., Dear Sir :
In the Oct. number of the Nautrius, I notice the proposition of
H. A. Pilsbry to form a complete special collection of the shells of
THE NAUTILUS. 83
the U.S. to be deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delpbia. Iam very much pleased with the scheme and hope it will
be successful. From time to time as opportunity offers, I will make
up a box and send to you or direct to the Academy as you may
direct. I will send West Coast shells.
Very truly,
G. W. Lichtenthaler.
Some of the Philadelphia members of the Association have al-
ready responded to the suggestion and have contributed some very
handsome specimens as a nucleus for the collection. The full list of
donations thus far made is noted below and from month to month
the Naurivus will publish a list of additions made between the dates
of issue.
It would be well to bear in mind the following rules:
1. None but members of the Association will be allowed to con-
tribute to the collection.
2. None but the finest kind of specimens will be accepted.
3. The specimens must be from known, exact localities within the
limits of the United States.
4. The donation of shells is purely a voluntary matter on the part
of members.
5. The names and addresses of the donors will be written on the
cards upon which the shells will be mounted.
Tne donations must be voluntary.
It must be understood that the matter of contributing specimens
to the collection is purely a voluntary one on the part of members.
There is no obligation on their part to contribute, or even to take an
interest in the matter. Some of them may not care to donate speci-
mens to be placed in the Philadelphia Academy, but may prefer to
help along collections in their own localities. The collection will be
labelled “Special Exhibit of United States Mollusca, contributed by
members of the American Association of Conchologists,”’ but the
Association, as an organized body will not stand sponsor for the Ex-
hibit. It could not do so without a meeting and a favorable vote by
the members.
This will not prevent, however, members, who desire to do so,
from contributing to the success of the project, and the Philadelphia
members would be glad to have the help of all who look kindly up-
on the project.
84 THE NAUTILUS.
All specimens should be sent addressed to the President, care of
the Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Sts., Philadelphia.
The president is a member of the Academy and generally manages
to visit that institution once a week, to meet his fellow conchologists,
and the specimens sent will receive his personal attention.
Donations to date.
The following species have been already received and mounted.
All of the specimens are as fine as possible and include a number of
valuable suites. The numbers prefixed to the names are the numbers
of the trays.
John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa.
2, Solen Americana, Gould, Atlantic City, N. J.; 10, Same,
juvenile suite; 7, Mactra solidissima, Dillwyn, Atlantic City,
N. J.; 8, Same, juvenile suite; 6, Littorina irrorata, Say,
Atlantic City, N. J.: 31, Pupa contracta, Say, Philadelphia,
Pa;
Charles W. Johnson, Phjladelphia, Pa.—
3, Planorbis tumidus, Pfr., St. Augustine, Fla.; 4, Siphonaria
lineolata, D’Orb., St. Augustine, Fla.; 5, Urosalpinx Tampa-
ensis, Conrad, Lostman’s Key, Fla.; 12, Ovula uniplicata, Sby.,
St. Augustine, Fla.; 13, Lucina squamosa, Lam., Stump Pass,
S. W. Fla.; 14, Macoma Tampaensis, Conrad, Gordon’s Pass,
S. W. Fla.; 15, Helix uvulifera, Shutt., Sanibel Island, Fla. ;
16, Chondropoma dentata, Say, near Gordon’s Pass, 8S. W.
Fla.; 17, Odostomia impressa, Say, St. Augustine, Fla.
H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia, Pa.
20, Helix cereolus, Mihl., var. Febigeri, Bld., New Orleans,
La.; 21, Helix monodon, Rack, var. fraterna, Say, near Lake
Charles, S. W. La.
Joseph Willcox, Philadelphia, Pa.—
22, Turitella plebeia, Conrad, Miocene, St. Mary’s, Md.; 23,
Arca aviculaeformis, Heilprin, Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie,
Fla.; 24, Nassa peralta, Conrad, Miocene, St. Mary’s, Md.; 25,
Cypraea (Siphocypraea) problematica, Heilprin, Pliocene,
Caloosahatchie, Fla.; 26, Physa Meigsii, Dall, same locality ; 27,
Voluta Floridana, Heilprin, same locality ; 28, Chama crassa,
Heilprin, same locality ; 29, Cardium laqueatum, Conrad, Mio-
THE NAUTILUS. 85
cene, Patuxent R., Md.; 30, Lucina Floridana, Conrad, Estero
-Bay, 5. W. Fila.
William J. Fox, Philadelphia, Pa.—
32, Cerithium atratum, Born., San Marco, 8. W. Fla.; 33,
Cerithium muscarum, Say, Gordon’s Pass, 8. W. Fla.
John H. Campbell, Philadelphia, Pa.
1, Cypraea exanthema, Linn, near Key Largo, Fla.; 9, same,
juvenile forms; 11, Vitrizonites latissimus, Lewis, Roan Mt.,
Tenn.; 18, Trophon Belcheri, Hinds, San Diego, Cal.; 19, Cy-
praea spadicea, Swainson, San Diego, Cal.
Total—23 genera, 30 species, 35 trays.
GENERAL NOTES.
Somer AMERICAN CANNIBALS.— Ep. Navutitus, DEAR Str.—Dur-
ing a recent stroll in Fairmount Park I found beneath an old rail-
road tie about thirty healthy looking Limaz agrestis, Linn. These
I placed in a small collecting box which already contained quite
half as many J. campestris, Binney.
On opening the box a half hour later I found, to my surprise, that
two of the campestris were rapidly disappearing within the jaws of
a pair of agrestis.
Having no means to separate the species I closed the box again
and left it so for about twelve hours.
Upon reopening it there was but one campestris living. With
exception of a few reddish stains not a vestige of the others could be
discovered.
Of course the living one could tell no tales, but the fact remained
that all the rest of its kindred had involuntarily evolved into Limax
agrestis, Linn,
Moral, when Bulls are near let Conservatives beware.—John Ford,
Phila., Oct. 1890.
ExcHance.—I have for exchange twenty-five species of Unios
from Illinois and Spoon river, including about two hundred very
fine Anodonta suborbiculata Say.
Wanted other Unios and Sea shell— Dr. W.S. Strode, Bernadotte,
Wl.
lv THE NAUTILUS.
ADVERTISING RATES.
< LT
NOTE ON GONIOBASIS CATENARIA SAY. H. A. Pilsbry. : : . 124
UNIONID@ OF GA., ALA., S. C., AND LA., IN SoUTH FLORIDA. S. Hart
Wright. é . 120
NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN LAND SNAILS. H. A. Pilsbry. 125
A New Species oF ArconalA. H. A. Pilsbry. : : 5 WAT
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. (Contributed.) : ~ 128
GENERAL NOTES. : : : F : ; ; . 131
EpWARD RICHARDS MAYO OBITUARY. s : . : . 132
Published by
H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.
C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.
Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.
FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill;
Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.
dae Nautrrus.
VOL. Iv. MARCH, 1891. No. 11.
NOTES ON THE SCULPTURE OF AMERICAN LIMNZAS, ETC.
BY ROBT. E. C. STEARNS.
In several instances parties who have sent specimens of Ameri-
can Limneas to the U.S. National Museum for identification, have
called attention to the sculpture of the specimens, as if this charac-
ter was peculiar to the examples sent by them, and not previously
observed ; hence the following notes which may be of some use in
connection with the study of pond-snails, by beginners in this class
of molluscan forms.
The extensive geographical series, and numerous examples in the
National Collection show the sculpture characters to be as follows,
and that all of the so-called species, of which without doubt there
are at least “ twice too many,” exhibit in a greater or less degree
when a large geographical series is brought together, with an ample
representation of individuals, the same aspects of sculpture variation.
Frirsr. The longitudinal incremental or growth lines are often con-
spicuously developed in forms that generally are smooth or with
scarcely discernible growth lines, and occasionally individuals are
met with in which there is apparently a serial or alternating ar-
‘angement of bands or zones of fine and coarse growth lines, suggestive
of a positive longitudinal sculpture, which we may suppose to be
due to a more vigorous growth at one season than another. Again
the larger whorls often exhibit a tumid or bulging elevation or prom-
inence which is rarely or seldom regular, usually irregular in occur-
rence, and not infrequently so conspicuous as to produce absolute
iL 22 THE NAUTILUS.
distortion, as if a season of moderate food supply had been followed
by an aldermanic dinner or two, resulting in sudden and phenomenal
growth followed by a penitential period of more temperate eating.
These bulgings as before stated, seldom if ever exhibit any
regularity of occurrence in the Limneas; they often do, however, in
the nearly related pond snails Planorbis and Physa as may be seen
not infrequently in Planorbis glabratus wherein they seem to occur
in somewhat orderly sequence. In the beautiful little Physa
( Costatella) costata described by my venerable friend Dr. Newcomb,
a form which inhabits Clear Lake, California—these bulgings are
numerous and regular and are arranged nearly equidistant and give
a postively sculptured aspect to the shell, in distinction from the
suggestion of pathologic eccentricity like the bulgings of the Limneas
and many of the Planorbis.
The above variation in strength or prominence of growth or incre-
mental lines, as they are usually called, is also common to many of
the Planorbes, notably in P. corpulentus Say, from the West coast,
and is also frequently exhibited in examples of the curious and
“Anteresting genus Carinifec another West coast form from Eagle
Lake, California and elsewhere, and in the equally curious little
shells of the genus Pompholyx; that enterprising and intelligent
collector Henry Hemphill detected a pretty costate variety at the
Dalles of the Columbia River, wherein the ribs are quite evenly
placed and suggestive of frequent_variceal thickening as in some of
the Strophias.
Many of the land shells of North America, as well as exotic
species, exhibit varying aspects or facies of incremental sculpture,
and many who read this will at once call to mind the difference, in
this respect, of examples of Mesodon of the same species from differ-
ent localities, also of Patula alternata, and the remarkable sculptural
diversity of the forms now included with Patula strigosa and its syn-
onyms. There are other groups of the Helicide which might be
included, but these are sufficient for the purposes of illustration and
among the Bulimulide we have no lack of instances, and the group
Strophia of the Pupide, which has led Mr. Maynard into a sort of
conchological quick-sand or “slough of despond,” furnishes a fur-
ther appropriate illustration.
Srconp. Inclusive of the first or above class of variation, we have
the dinted or malleated aspect of sculpture, as if the shell had
received a succession of light blows from a small hammer, blows
THE NAUTILUS. 123
carefully given with sufficient force to dint the surface without
breaking the substance of the shell. These dints are sometimes
quite regular in arrangement and frequently have the aspect of
zones following the basal and previous whorl transversely and par-
allel to the sutural line, like so many flat bands.
This form of sculpture is also met with not only in related groups
like the Physas, often conspicuously shown in the form to which the
late Dr. Lea gave the name of P. Carltoni as well as in other species
of the same genus; frequently in Planorbis and Carinifex as well
as in the river-snails Ampullaria and in the Bulimi among the
land shells.
Turrp. Another and not infrequent aspect of sculpture is exhib-
ited by several species, and consists of fine close set incremental
lines crossed by transverse, somewhat waved and slightly incised
grooves; the same character of sculpture is not infrequent in many
terrestrial pulmonates. The Mexican Glandinas, for instance, fur-
nish in several species, beautiful examples of this delicate tooling of
the surface, to use a familiar mechanical term.
Mr. Dall recently collected several specimens of Limnea palustris
in the irrigation ditches near the Hot Springs in Honey Lake Valley,
Lassen Co., California, (within the area of the extinct tertiary Lake
Lahontan), which exhibit this form of sculpture markings. — It is
often if not generally present in the following species :
Limnea lepida Gould, Limnea ampla Mighels, Limnea Sumassi
Baird ; and less frequently so far as I have observed, in Limnea
columella Say, L. caperata Say, and L. lanceata Gould. Doubtless
many others of the numerous alleged species of this genus, occasion-
ally exhibit this character of sculpture, which is seen in examples
of all of those I have named even from widely separated areas.
It should not, however, be inferred that sculpture variation has
any special or direct relation or connection with geographical
distribution ; that it has indirectly, in the Limneas and the class
of Mollusks to which said group belongs, there is no doubt, for it
will at once come to the mind of any one familiar with the pond
snails of all countries, that those inhabiting semitropical and tropical
areas are much more constant or uniform in size, shape and sculpture
than their fellows of the same kin from northern or colder latitudes,
and the texture of the former is much finer and smoother on the
whole, or all in all, than the forms that live in the cooler regions of
the north. The influences that appear to induce, or cause variation
124 THE NAUTILUS.
are environmental rather than geographical; and following in the
general line or trend of this paper may be presented on another
occasion.
NOTE ON GONIOBASIS CATENARIA SAY.
IB, “Ef; “A. (PLSBIRY.
Having occasion recently to name some Florida Goniobases, the
writer examined thoroughly the species described from that State.
The characteristic type is G. catenaria Say. It is a turrited shell,
blackish-brown or olive-brown, having numerous small folds extend-
ing from the suture to the angular periphery, crossed by two or
three spiral threads, which form beads where they cross the folds;
the periphery is more or less keeled and tuberculate; below it are
a variable number (4-7) of spiral raised threads. The apex is
eroded.
The sculpture is sometimes nearly obsolete, as in a blackish form
collected in Marion Co. by Mr. G. W. Webster, and also sent me
by Mr. Berlin H. Wright; or it may be very sharp and clear-cut, as
in a beautiful form from Alexander Spring Co. The following syn-
onymy I regard as unquestionably established :
G. catenaria Say, 1822. G. Etowahensis Lea, 1861.
4. sublirata Conr., 1850. G. papillosa Anth., 1861
G. Floridensis Rve., 1860. G. Downieana Lea, 1862.
Of the names given below, I have seen neither G'. Bentoniensis or
G. Couperii, but they seem to have very slight differential characters.
G. Hallenbecki and G. Boykiniana are practically the same thing, as
the suite before me shows. They differ from the catenaria in nothing
but size. These four names may therefore be ranked as probable
synonyms, or at best, species on probation :
G. Boykiniana Lea, 1840,+ G. Hallenbeckii Lea, 1862.
G. Bentoniensis Lea, 1862.
G. Couperti Lea, 1862.
All of which is respectfully submitted. Notes on any of these
forms from collectors will be very acceptable to the writer.
The specimens studied are in the general collection of the Acade-
my of Sciences and the collection of the American Association of
Conchologists.
THE NAUTILUS. 125
UNIONIDZ OF GA., ALA., 8. C., AND LA., IN SOUTH FLORIDA.
BY SS. HART WRIGHT SPHNN YAN, N.Y.
An interesting fact in geographical distribution is noted in the
finding of Unionidae in Central and Southern Florida, which belong
to, or were originally described as from the Central States of the
South. In Volusia County, Fla., over one hundred miles south of
Jacksonville and more than three hundred miles south of the mid-
dle portions of Ga. and Ala., several species of Unio have been
found which were described from the latter States, or from S. C.
The St. Johns River flows northward past Volusia County, to
Jacksonville and the Atlantic Ocean; and the introduction of Ga.,
Ala. and §. C. species against the current of the river for so great
a distance is remarkable. Although the Unionidae have locomo-
tion in a slight degree and might make headway against rivers and
creeks, when once in them, they cannot thus get into waters which
do not connect. Their introduction into remote regions may be
through the agency of water-birds, which might carry juveniles long
distances, and then drop them into new stations.
We found in Volusia Co., Fla., in 1887, the following species
supposed to be transplanted from Georgia: Unio Dariensis Lea, U.
cicur Lea and Anodonta Couperiana Lea, perhaps the most beauti-
ful Anodonta in America, and the only one found in Florida of
which we have any knowledge. We also found there, U. modioli-
formis Lea and U. angustatus Lea, both from South Carolina. Mr.
Charles T. Simpson found in Manatee County, one hundred and
fifty miles farther south and on the west side of the state, U. obesus
Lea and U. granulatus Lea, from Ga. and Alabama. Mr. George
W. Webster sent us a few weeks ago, a species he found in Lake
Co., west of Volusia Co., which proved to be U. hepaticus Lea, from
Ga.and S.C. U. opacus Lea, from Ga. and U. nigerrimus Lea,
from La. have been reported from middle Florida. None of the
species indigenous to Southern Florida, so far as we can learn, have
ever been found in any of the other Southern States.
NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN LAND SNAILS.
BY H. A. PILSBRY.
Since the publication of my Check-list of American Land Shells,
many new forms (species, varieties and absolute synonyms) have
126 THE NAUTILUS.
been described, and various obscure question in phylogeny and
classification have become more clear to me. It is my purpose to
discuss these matters in a series of short papers.
Fischer has divided the suborder Geophila (—Stylommatophora)
or stalked-eyed Pulmonates into two main branches, Monotremata
and Ditremata. It seems to me that a more fundamental separation
is indicated by the presence or absence of a jaw, together with the
modifications accompanying this character. I would therefore
primarily divide the land pulmonates into Agnatha and Gnatho-
phora.
SUPERFAMILY AGNATHA.
No jaw; teeth of the radula arranged in very oblique V-shaped
rows, all of them of the aculeate or thorn-shaped form, the side-teeth
larger than the central tooth, which is often obsolete.
The families of A gnatha are as follows.'
I. Mantle small, posterior; shell rudimentary or developed; a
common genital orifice Testacellide.
II. Mantle enveloping the whole upper surface ; no shell; genital
orifices separated Rathousiude.
The last named family is identical with the genus Vaginulus as
understood by Stoliczka and Binney ; not Vaginulus Fér., which as
Férussac himself says hasa jaw. Veronicel/a Blainy. and authors,
is the same as Vaginulus Fér.
The Rathouistide have been found only in India and China.
The Testacellide comprise a great variety of forms. The family
is practically world-wide in distribution in tropical and subtropical
regions.
Genus GLANDINA Schum.
Additional species and varieties.
G. truncata Gm., form ovata Dall. A short form, measuring 44 x
25 mm. Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie.
How does it differ from bullata Gould ?
G. truncata Gm., form macer Dall. Long, narrow, but not parallel-
sided, 75 x 20 mm. Recent, and fossil in the Caloosahatchie beds.
Like the form parallela W. G. B., these are doubtless only the
extreme aspects of Variation in a very mutable species.
1 Fischer recognizes but one family, Zestace/iid@ ,; ignoring the agnathous
Vaginulus-like forms.
THE NAUTILUS. 1A7/
SUPERFAMILY GNATHOPHORA.
Jaw present.
I. Orifices of genitalia contiguous or united Monotremata.
II. Orifices of genitalia widely separated ; no shell; mantle cover-
ing the whole upper surface Ditremata.
The Monotremata divide naturally into two divisions:
1. Lateral teeth of the aculeate or thorn-shaped type Vitrinea.
2. Lateral teeth of the quadrate type Helicea
1. Families of Vitrinea.
1. All of the teeth aculeate Selenitide.
). Central and lateral teeth quadrate, uncini aculeate Limacide
~
aS
Selenitide.
This family is not very distinct from Limacidee, but the radula
is more highly specialized. Of the genus Se/enites numerous varie-
ties and forms have been described since the publication of my
check-list. They will be enumerated later.
Limacide.
All attempts to split this group into two or more families have
proved impracticable. The various genera exhibit every stage in
the degeneration of the shell. The presence or absence of a caudal
mucus gland is equally uureliable, for genera otherwise closely
allied, vary in this character.
The additions to our Limax list being unimportant will be
deferred.
Additional species of Zonites.
Z. Shimekii Pilsbry. Loess formation of Iowa and Nebraska.
Z. Simpsoni Pilsbry. Indian Territory.
A NEW SPECIES OF ARCONAIA.
BY H. A. PILSRRY.
Unio (Arconaia) Provancheriana sp. nov.
Shell wide, oblong, beaks at the anterior third. The whole shell
twisted, very strongly resembling Arca (Parallelopipedum) tortuosa
L., in the direction and degree of the twist. Hinge-line sigmoid.
Anterior and posterior margins rounded; basal margin gently
128 THE NAUTILUS.
curved, sigmoid; epidermis strong, olive-brown with a few darker
concentric streaks ; concentrically striate, nearly smooth. The left
valve has a slight ridge extending from the beaks to the posterior
extremity. Cavity of the left valve very shallow, of the right valve
deeper ; nacre purplish flesh-colored. The left valve has two widely
separated cardinal teeth, lateral teeth remote from cardinals, double ;
right valve with single cardinal and lateral teeth. Height 32, width
533, thickness 18 mill.
The specimen is said to be from China. It is from the collection
of Pabbé Provancher, Cap Rouge, Quebec.
The ends are not produced as in A. contorta Lea, nor is the shell
bow-shaped like that species. It can be compared with none other
known to me.
[CONTRIBUTED. ]
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
FEBRUARY 23, 1891.
Since our last announcement the following new members have
been enrolled :
159. E. R. Mayo,’ Boston, Mass. Mussachusetts Mollusca.
140. R. T. Shepherd, Piqua, Ohio. Unionidae.
141. Elwood Pleas, Dunreith, Ind. Indiana Mollusca.
142. Hale Montgomery, Clinton, Mo.
Nearly all of the North American Conchologists and many
Palaeontologists are now enrolled in the Association, the progress of
which has been very gratifying. The members are taking advan-
tage of their privileges to correspond with each other, and much
special study has been accomplished. Several of the members have
undertaken the preparation of lists of species, similar to the list of
Haliotidae recently published by the President. A list of the
American Cypraeidae (fossil and recent) is now ready, but for want
of room, will not appear until next number. Several other lists are
approaching completion and we trust that it will not be Jong before
we have complete lists of all North American mollusks.
The United States Collection.
The collection of United States shells, now being formed by the
members is growing very rapidly. Many species have been added
1 Deceased since his election.
THE NAUTILUS. 129
during the past month and the specimens and suites received are
magnificent. It should be borne in mind:
1st. That donating to the Collection is purely a voluntary mat-
ter on the part of members.
2d. That none but the finest kinds of specimens are accepted.
3d. That all shells must have the localities accurately designated.
4th. That consignments should be forwarded to the President,
care of Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Sts., Philadel-
phia, at which institution the Phila. members of the Association
meet at intervals, and prepare, label and mount the shells for per-
manent exhibition.
To avoid duplicating, it would be well for members to forward to
the President lists of such shells as can be sent and he will erase the
names of the species already received, and return the lists to the
senders.
Donations to United States Collection.
Since last announcement, the following have been mounted and
placed in the Collection. [Names of donors annexed. ]
H. Moores, Columbus, Ohio.—
A lot of fresh-water shells including 12 species of Strepoma-
tidae; 3 of Paludina; Sphaerium solidulum and transversum ;
Pyrgula Nevadensis, Stearns; Bythinella obtusa, Lea and Lim-
naea humilis, Say and exilis, Say. Also Helix clausa, Say.
FE. R. Mayo, Boston, Mass.—
16 species of Marine Shells of New England, including Astarte
suleata, Costa, and castanea, Say ; Chrysodomus decemcostatus,
Say; Buccinum undatum, Linn. and ciliatum, Fabr.; Leda
limatula, Say and thraciaeformis, Storer; Natica flava, Gld.
and canaliculata, Gld., and Pecten Magellanicus, Lam.
J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex.—
8 species of Eocene fossils from Moseley’s Ferry and Wheelock,
Tex., including Surecula Desnoyersii, Lea and Buccitriton Tex-
anum, Gabb.
John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa.
Anodonta Tryonii, Lea; Martesia cuneiformis, Say; and
Lioplax subcarinata, Say.
150
Wm. J. Fox, Philadelphia, Pa.
THE NAUTILUS.
Vertigo pentodon, and Pupa corticaria, Say.
Geo. W. Webster, Lake Helen, Fla.—
A very fine lot of Florida and Tennessee shells, including the
new variety “albida” of Bulimulus Dormani; Helix steno-
trema, spinosa, auriculata, avara and Hubbardi; Goniobasis
catenaria, Say (a handsome variety) ; Glandina truncata, Gmel. ;
Patula vortex, Pfr. and caeca, Guppy ; Bythinella Monroeensis,
Dall and Floridana, Fr.; Succinea luteola, Gld. and Salleana,
Pfr.; Spirula Peronii, Lam.; Iphigenia Braziliana, Lam. ;
Marginella apicina, Menke; Iauthina globosa, Swn.; Seila
terebralis, C. B. Ad.: Echinella nodulosa, Pfr.; Unio
Anthonyii, Blandingianus, aheneus, amygdalum, corvunculus,
and Jewettii, all of Lea.
John H. Campbell, Philadelphia, Pa.—
Haminea vesicula, Gould; Cypraea Sowerbyi; Trivia Cali-
fornica and Solandri and Mangilia merita, Gld.
Geo. J. Streator, Garrettsville, O.—
Zonites ferreus, Morse; Sphaerium rhomboideum and fabalis ;
Ancylus rivularis, Say ; and others.
Dr. G. D. Lind, St. Louis, Mo.—
Jas.
Unio Higginsii, Lea and Limnaea umbilicata, C. B. Ad.
M. De Laney, Rochester, N. Y.—
One of the finest lots yet received, including Cardium consors,
Sby.; procerum, Sby. and muricatum, Linn.; Calliostoma
canaliculatum, Mart. and annulatum, Mart.; Pecten aequis-
suleatus, Cooper; Helix devius, Gld., ptychophora, A. D. Br.,
and Stearnsiana, Gabb; Venus gnidia, Br. & Sby.; Strombus
eranulatus, Wood; Bulla nebulosa, Gld.; Tellina rubescens,
Ham. and Gouldii, Han.; Tapes grata, Say ; Modulus cerodesg,
A. Ad.; and Unio luteolus. Lam., iris, Lea, and undulatus,
Barnes.
Elwood Pleas, Dunreith, Ind.—
20 species of Claiborne fossils, including Marginella larvata,
Conr. and plicata, Lea; Conomitra fusoides, Conr.; Limopsis
declivis, Conr. ; Strepsidura bella, Conr. ; 3 species of Solarium ;
Pasithea suleata, Lea; and Corbula nasuta, Conr.
THE NAUTILUS. Lil
S. Raymond Roberts, Glen Ridge, N. J.—
Helix Columbiana, Lea (collected by W. M. Gabb.)
H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia, Pa.—
39 species of Palaeozoic fossils from Bedford, Ind. All of them
belong to the Warsaw Group. ‘They include 4 species of Stra-
parollus, 4 of Pleurotomaria; 3 of Rhynconella; 4 of Mur-
chisonia; 5 of Bulimorpha; Productus Indianensis, Hall ;
Naticopsis Carleyana, Hall; Orthoceras epigrus, Hall; Nucula
Shumardana, Hall; and 2 species of Terebratula.
E. H. Fiske, Santa Cruz, Cal.—
5 species of, Post-Pliocene fossils from Santa Cruz, viz.: Pur-
pura canaliculata and crispata; Nassa mendica, Gld.; Oliva
biplicata, Sby. and Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt.
) 2 ’
W. J. Raymond, Oakland, Cal—
10 species of California land and fresh-water shells, including
the new Sphaerium Raymondii, J. G. Cooper, and Planorbis
subcrenatus, Carp., var. disjectus, J. G. Cooper, described in
Proce. Cal. Acad. Science; Physa Gabbii, Tryon ; Helix arrosa,
Gld., armigera, Ancey and Dupetithouarsii, Desh. Some exam-
ples of the last named species introduced in 1884 into Oakland
from San Simeon, San Luis Obispo Co., show a stunting of
growth and slight deformity, which appear to be constant.
Elwood Pleas, Dunreith, Ind.—
6 species of Post-Pliocene shells found associated with bones of
Mastodon Americanus at Losantville, Randolph Co., Ind. All
of them are species yet living, viz.: Planorbis bicarinatus, cam-
panulatus and deflectus, Amnicola porata, Pisidium compressum
and Limnaea humilis.
Total to date— 199 genera, 573 species, 659 trays.
GENERAL NOTES.
PoLyGyra (Mrsopon) KIA WwAEnsis Simpson var, ARKANSAENSIS
Pilsbry—These shells differ from the types of Aviawaensis in being
larger, more robust, the aperture larger, umbilicus smaller. There
are also certain ‘anatomical peculiarities which will be described in
another place. The lip of these forms is much thickened within ; it
132 THE NAUTILUS.
is still a very doubtful question whether the species should be
referred to Mesodon or Triodopsis. The form here described seems
to establish a slight bond with such shells as Mesodon thyroides.
The specimens were collected by Mr. F. A. Sampson near Hot
Springs, Ark.— H. A. Pilsbry.
SNAIL EATERS.—Reading Mr. John Ford’s experience with the
voracious Limax agrestis (Nautilus No. 7, vol. [V) reminds me of
another American ‘ Cannibal.” :
While looking for Glandina truncata (in Florida) I had occasion
to observeseveral of them chasing the Helix Carpenteriana, catching
and devouring them, shell and all, and not only one or two of them,
nay, five, six and more within a few minutes. In cleaning the spec-
imens afterward I found nine specimens of H. Carpenteriana in the
stomach of a single Glandina, some of the Helix yet alive-—Dr. Fr.
Stein, Indianapolis, Ind.
EDWARD RICHARDS MAYO, AGED 82 YEARS.
Died, in Boston, Feb. 12th, of pneumonia.
Mr. Mayo was probably the oldest student of conchology in this
country, being a few weeks older than his friend Dr. Wesley New-
comb. He was born in Roxbury, Mass., now a part of Boston. His
occupation was book-keeping, and the last forty years of his life
were spent with two firms—the great dry-goods house of A. & A.
Lawrence & Co., and the law office of S. W. Dexter. Whena
young man he took up the study of shells, and his interest in them
continued to the last. In the haleyon days of the American clipper
ships and whalers, Mr. Mayo was among the first to systematically
purchase the shells brought as curiosities.
He was personally acquainted with Drs. Gould, Lewis, Stimpson,
Anthony and other well-known conchologists, who frequently had
occasion to study the contents of his cabinet. He had also an
extensive correspondence with collectors in many countries. His
collection was particularly rich in foreign shells, of which he had
several thousand beautiful specimens.
Mr. Mayo was a very modest man, unselfish, and to his younger
fellow-students a useful friend, giving freely of his extensive infor-
mation and of his specimens, and encouraging them in their pursuit
of knowledge. To many readers of the Navtizus the news of his
death will bring a feeling of personal loss.
Epwarp W. Roper.
$n) aaa
$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) l0cts. a copy.
iMal
NAUTILUS
A MONTHLY
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS
OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
EDITOR:
H. A. Pitssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
ASSOCIATE EDITOR :
C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.
Vol. IV. APRIL, 1891. No. 12.
CONTENTS:
PAGE.
MOLLUSKS OF THOMPSON’S LAKE, ILLINOIS. W. S. Strode, M. D. : = JIS
DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF ANCTUS AND OLIVA. John Ford. . 134
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SHELLS. E. H. Harn. : : : : . 186
EDIBLE MOLLUSKS OF RHODE ISLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. . . | [3%
On Pupa RuPICOLA SAY, AND RELATED ForMs. Dr. V. Sterki. : - 139
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. (Contributed.) : - 143
Published by
H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.
C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.
Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.
FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill ;
Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.
il THE NAUTILUS.
in Woes ee
NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
>_>-+ —
DEPARTMENT OF CONCHOLOGY.
We beg to inform students and collectors that we have for sale
6000 species of Marine, Land, and Fresh-water Shells. These we
offer either as single specimens or in large or small collections.
Specimens can be furnished in either their natural condition, or
cleaned to bring out their brightest colors. We are constantly re-
ceiving boxes of shells from our correspondents in Australia, Japan,
the Philippines, ete., which gives us exceptional opportunities of
offering for sale rare and desirable species.
We also carry in stock a number of species in alcohol for ana-
tomical purposes.
We call attention to our Catalogue of Mollusca, 120 pages, 86
wood-cuts, price 30 cents. To this we have lately added two 10
page supplements.
For further particulars, address,
Prof. HENRY A. WARD,
16-26 COLLEGE AVENUE,
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
The West American Scientist,
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE,
The regular monthly editions consist of 1000 copies.
PRICE, 10 CENTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00
ADVERTISING RATES AS FOLLOWS:
One inch, $1.00 for each insertion. One page, $10.00 for each insertion.
Yearly contracts rated as ten months.
“ Decidedly the best of tts class.’’—Gro. W. Tryon, JR.
C. R. ORCUTT, EpIToR AND PUBLISHER,
Orcutt, San Diego County, California.
We eNSUTICUS.
VOL. Iv. APRIL, 1891. No. 12.
MOLLUSKS OF THOMPSON'S LAKE, ILLINOIS.
BY W. S. STRODE, M. D., BERNADOYTE, ILL.
The beautiful Anodonta suborbieulata of Say has a sparse distri-
bution and is rarely found in considerable numbers.
I know of but one locality in Illinois where it is to be found in
abundance. ‘This place is a still beautiful lake, five miles long by
one in breadth, with an average depth of from five to eight feet ; the
bottom a mixture of black mud and sand; the shores and a hundred
acres or so at each end covered with a growth of pond Lilies.
For a half century this lake has been a great fishing resort.
With seines five hundred yards long, trammel and funnel nets,
hook and line, spears, etc., immense quantities of fish are annually
taken from its waters; great Buffalo, Cat-fish, Shovel-fish, Jack-
salmon and a half dozen kinds of Sunfish, Bass, Pike and Pickerel.
State Geologist Worthen (deceased) seems to have been the only
naturalist who discovered the conchological richness of the lake,
and he kept the discovery to himself, collecting large quantities of
the Ano. suborbiculata Say and corpulenta Cpr. and sending them
to collectors and museums all over the world.
In the summer of 1890 I made a careful search for the Unionide
and found it containing but four species: Unio anodontoides Lea,
and parvus Bar., and Ano. suborbiculata Say, and corpulenta Cpr.
But the abundance of the two Anodontas make up for the lack
of species. In some places the bottom of the lake seemed to be lit-
erally paved with the suborbiculata. With a six-tined potato-dig-
134 THE NAUTILUS.
ger I would sometimes bring up five or six at a haul; and if the fish-
ermen happened to be making a draw with the great seine, a half
barrel of them would sometimes be drawn out at once,—many of
them great beautiful adult shells nearly as large as a common dinner
plate, the epidermis all intact, the stillness of the water and freedom
from acid causing but little erosion. The younger shells in their
beautiful iridesence, seem to have caught the tints reflected from
the green woods, the blue sky and sparkling stars.
The other Anodonta, the corpulenta was not so plentiful in the
deeper water that the suborbiculata seemed to prefer, but nearer the
shores in shallow water, more or less shaded by the broad leaves of
the water lily, many of them could be found. The umbones of this
mussel, as found in this lake, more nearly approach perfection than
in any other species,
Associated with this mollusk, among the water lilies, were great
numbers of Vivipara contectoides Binney and intertexta Say and
also more or less of the Physa heterostropha Say.
In collecting and handling these fragile shells much care must be
taken as they break as easily as egg shells. When removed from
the water I would pile them up in one end of the boat, and cover
them up from the sun with a wet blanket. When transferred to
my buggv (for I had to drive twenty miles to Bernadotte) I would
first line the bottom of the bed with wet grass, on which I arranged
the mussels and then again covered them up well with the wet
blankets. On reaching home they were at once transferred to a
large tub containing water. They must be cleaned without the use
of hot water and immediately given a good bath of glycerine, and
then kept in a cool place.
DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF ANCTUS AND OLIVA.'
BY JOHN FORD, PHILADELPHIA.
Anctus Pilsbryi Ford. Fig. 1.
See THE NAUTILUS iv, p. 81, 1890; Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1891, p. 81.
Shell rimately umbilicated, the axis imperforate ; ovate-conical,
spire acute, apex black ; whorls 7, slightly convex, the last some-
1 Reprinted by permission, from Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1891, pp. 97, 98.
THE NAUTILUS. ile
what contracted near the base. Aperture extremely nar-
row, oblong; lip flatly reflected, the central half of its
length provided with a flange extending towards the in-
ner or columellar lip, from which proceeds a correspond-
ing convexity, thus giving to the aperture a form much
like the traditional key-hole. Color grayish-white, painted
Fig.1. longitudinally with brownish and black lines.
Length of shell 23, diameter 93 mill. Width between flanges 1,
width of flange on outer lip 2 mill. Color of lip white; aperture
slightly shaded within. Habitat, Brazil.
Anctus angiostoma Wagner (capueiraSpix), Fig. 2,and A. Pilsbryi
are the only living species of the genus known, and both are in color
pattern and general form very much alike. In the for-
mer species, however, the apex is not black and shining
as in the latter nor are the apertures at all alike save in
general outline. Indeed, that of A. Pilsbryi is absolutely
distinct from any other known to the writer. This alone
would justify its specific separation.
Fig. 2. The figures were drawn from photographs of the shells
and may therefore be accepted as correct.
The species has been named in honor of my friend Mr. Henry A,
Pilsbry, Conservator of the Conchological department of the Acad-
emy and present Editor of the “ Manual of Conchology.”’
Oliva cryptospira Ford. Figs. 3, 4.
Shell cylindrical, slightly enlarged near either end, producing an
obese appearance. Salmon-colored, with a few dashes of white
accompanied by faint zigzag brownish lines showing through the
enamel, the latter being somewhat thickened and more orange in
color on the basal fasciole. Spire short, with sutures entirely con-
cealed by a heavy callus. Edge of lip and interior of aperture white.
Length of type specimen 2} inches. Greatest diameter 1 inch.
Habitat, Moluccas.
This shell is probably well known to veteran collectors, since it
has been posing for many years as a variety of O. irisans Lamarck,
from which species, however, it is in fact distinct.
136 THE NAUTILUS.
No figure was given with Lamarck’s description of O. irisans,
; but a figure probably intended for the same
shell appears in Reeve’s “ Conchologia Iconica,”
Vol. 6, Pl. 6, fig. 8a, where it is classed with
typical O. irisans Lam. That this figure does
not agree with Lamarck’s description in any
essential features is quite apparent.
It seems, however, to have been accepted by
my late friend, Mr. Tryon, as well as by Reeve,
for a form of QO. irisans, since it was copied for
the “ Manual” without remark; although sev-
eral specimens exhibiting characters similar to
AS Ps { those shown in the figure—but which belong to
O. cryptospira only—were at the time in the
Academy’scollection. Whether these specimens
were accidentally overlooked, or the distinctions
Figs. 3. noted deemed too trifling for special designation,
is a question that cannot now be answered.
In consequence of this uncertainty, the responsibility of correcting
the error of classing this form with O. irisans, (if
error it be), is accepted rather reluctantly al-
though in the firm belief that the change will ben-
efit the student, as well as, in some slight degree,
the cause of Science, also.
NY
Fig. 4.
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SHELLS.
BY E. H. HARN, BLAIRSVILLE, PA.
The following is a list of species which I have collected in West-
ern Pennsylvania. It may be of interest for the sake of locality :
Selenites concavus Say. Pupa armifera Say.
Zonites fuliginosus Griff. Pupa contracta Say.
Zonites laevigatus Pfr. Ferussacia subcylindrica Linn.
Zonites ligerus Say. Succinea obliqua Say.
Zonites intertextus Binn. Succinea avara Say.
Zonites inornatus Say. Succinea Totteniana Lea.
Zonites nitidus Mull. Campeloma rufa Hald.
Zonites arboreus Say. Planorbis bicarinata Say.
THE NAUTILUS. leit
Zonites indentatus Say. Planorbis (? var.) Harni Pils.
Zonites milium Morse. Carychium exiguum Say.
Zonites fulvus Drap. Unio aesopus Green.
Zonites suppressus Say. Unio alatus Say.
Zonites multidentatus Binn. Unio circulus Lea.
Patula solitaria Say. Unio clavus Lam.
Patula alternata Say. Unio crassidens Lam.
Patula perspectiva Say. Unio cylindricus Say.
Patula striatella Anth. Unio gibbosus Barnes.
Patula lineata Say. Unio fabalis Lea.
Helix labyrinthica Say. Unio iris Lea.
Helix hirsuta Say. Unio Kirtlandianus Lea.
Helix monodon Rack. Unio ligamentinus Lam.
var. fraterna Say. Unio multiradiatus Lea.
Helix palliata Say. Unio mytiloides Raf.
Helix tridentata Say. Unio obliquus Lam.
Helix albolabris Say. Unio oecidens Lea.
Helix Pennsylvanica Say. Unio parvus Barnes.
Helix exoleta Binn. Unio phaseolus Hindr.
Helix dentifera Binn. Unio pustulosus Lea.
Helix thyroides Say. Unio rectus Lam.
Helix profunda Say. Unio securis Lea.
Helix pulchella Mull. Unio subovatus Lea.
Helix pulchella Mull. Unio subrotundus Lea.
var. costata Mull. Anodonta undulata Say.
Helix nemoralis Mull. Margaritana marginata Say.
Pupa fallax Say. Margaritana rugosa Barnes.
Margaritana undulata Say.
EDIBLE MOLLUSKS OF RHODE ISLAND.
BY HORACE F. CARPENTER, PROVIDENCE, R. I.
I have read with much interest the article in the January N auti-
Lus by Prof. Keep and its supplement by Henry W. Winkley in
the February number and am tempted to add a short article on the
edible mollusca of Rhode Island. I think in point of numbers of
species, as well as individuals, Rhode Island will excel any state in
the Union. As we have seen California has but five species and
Maine only four regulars and two occasional, while Rhode Island
can show eight every day and five irregular as below.
138 THE NAUTILUS.
Mya arenaria Linn. Rhede Island is the metropolis of the clam
both in production and consumption. The Rhode Island clam bake
is a peculiar institution known all over the country. From June
to September every day sees hundreds of bushels consumed at the
various shore resorts, called here ‘‘ down the river ;”’ and there are sev-
eral places in Providence where steamed clams are served in the
shell every day in the year. The beds are inexhaustible and the
more they are dug over, the faster they seem to propagate.
Ostrea Virginica Gmel. and Ostrea borealis Lam. are both very
abundant and are consumed in great quantities. O. Virginica are
brought here from the South in schooner loads and planted in the
bay to grow, while O. borealis, the finest oyster in the world, is na-
tive to our shores.
Venus mercenaria Linn. is also very abundant and can be seen in
our markets at all times.
Mactra solidissima Chem. is abundant on the ocean shores and is
used by the natives for making chowders.
Pecten irradians Lam. There are about two hundred boats en-
gaged in scallop dredging and each boat is allowed by law to take
only twenty-five bushels per day from September Ist to April 1st,
making only five thousand bushels per day for seven months in the
year. The adductor muscle only is eaten, while the rest of the ani-
mal (the “rim,” so called) is thrown away. If cats are allowed to
eat the rims their ears drop off. This fact is well known to all scallop
dredgers and a good many earless cats can be seen at Pawtuxet and
East Greenwich at any time, caused by eating scallop “rims” of
which they are very fond.
Mytilus edulis Linn. is also a common article of food, both boiled
and pickled.
Littorina littorea Linn. is very abundant and is relished by En-
glish people who had become accustomed to them in the old country.
Ensatella (or Ensis) Americana Gould is quite plenty and is eaten
by the dwellers on the shore.
Buccinum undatum Linn. and Pecten tenwicostatum M. & A. are
found only on the ocean shores and at Block Island and are eaten
whenever they can be obtained, but they are not very plenty here.
Neverita duplicata Say and both the Fulgurs, carica and canalicu-
lata are occasionally thrown into a clam bake, and I have seen them
eaten, but never indulged personally. I should think they would
prove rather tough.
THE NAUTILUS. 139
The fresh water clams, Unio and Anodon were formerly eaten by
the Narragansett Indians, but I never knew of any white man hun-
gry enough to try them.
ON PUPA RUPICOLA SAY, AND RELATED FORMS.
BY DR. V. STERKI, NEW PHILADELPHIA, OHIO.
This group of American Pupa is most interesting, but little known
as yet. Asin Europethe Pupa group Torquilla reaches its maximum
development in numbers and forms in the countries around the
Mediterranean, so in America the group of Pupa rupicola inhabits the
West Indies and the mainland bordering the Gulf of Mexico, the
Mediterranean of America. The American forms ranging under this
group are much smaller than those of the Eastern continent—scarcely
any exceeding 3 millimetres in altitude—and probably there are
fewer species ; yet scarcely less interesting are they, and well worthy
of special study.
A very prominent feature of this and related groups is the
apertural lamellae, of which I prefer saying more in another article
specially on this subject. As the lamellar characters are nearly the
same in the forms to be considered, and even some variations are
found almost alike in all, we need not describe them specially in every
species, as they are only of secondary value in differential diagnosis.
It must be stated here, however, that a general characteristic is the
particular development of the apertural lamella, which is long and
more or less complex, and another the diversity of the inferior
palatal being more or less distant from the margin, and of decidedly
different direction and shape—in part of different morphological
value.
In the following I intend communicating only a few systematic
faunistie notices concerning those species inhabiting our country,
not to give full descriptions and synonymy, leaving that for a
“revision ’’ of the North American Pupidae. Some of our forms
have so universally been misunderstood that a rectification, as far as
possible, will be justified.
Pupa rupicola Say.
It is characterized by its turriculate shape, with rather pointed
apex, pale straw color, with thickened, white lip; aperture with
140 THE NAUTILUS.
little marked sinuosity at the outer upper angle; lamelle: apertural,.
more simple than in some other species ; inferior palatal placed and
shaped as usual.
This well defined species has been found from South Carolina and
Florida to Louisiana, always near the coast. I have not seen it from
the West Indies—Synonymy and references will be found with the
following :
Pupa procera Gould.
When Dr. Gould published this species,’ he knew it only from
Baltimore specimens. Subsequently it was considered identical with
P. rupicola Say. After having examined and compared many hun-
dreds, even thousands of examples of both species, I came to the con-
clusion that they are quite distinct ; and I never saw a doubtful or
intermediate specimen. The author’s description leaves no doubt
as to the identity of the species.
P. procera is characterized by its cylindrical, rather strong shell
with obtuse apex, the uniformly brownish horn to chestnut color,
and the form of the aperture ; one peculiar feature which has been
pointed out by Gould,’ is the deep seated and rather transverse in-
ferior lamella in the palatal wall.
In Binney Terr. Moll. II, p. 339, under the head P. rupicola, the
description is of P. procera, and so are the figures of the aperture ;
the same is in W. G. B. Bulletin No. 28. In Gould (W. G. Bin-
ney edit.) Mass. Invertebr. 1870, under P. rupicola Say, the descrip-
tion is of P. procera, while the figure represents rupicola. There is
no doubt but that Mr. W. G. Binney, as well as Pfeiffer and others,
had not a sufficient number of good specimens before them, of one
or either species, or they would have arrived at a different conclu-
sion.
Our species is the only one of the subgenus living remote from
the sea in the interior of the continent. It is distributed over a
great part of our country. Its area is from New England and
South Carolina to Minnesota and Texas, and in this whole region it
is remarkably constant. Only some Iowa and Minnesota examples,
from Winona, are somewhat smaller and more delicate, the aper-
tural lamella showing a more marked configuration.
1 Monograph of . . . Pupa, Boston Journ. III, p. 401, pl. 8, f. 12; IV,
pl. 16, f. 12, and p. 355.
Bt,
THE NAUTILUS. 141
Pupa hordeacea Gabb.
There has also been much uncertainty about this form, since under
its name no less than 3, and possibly more, different ones have been
sent out by the author himself, and the descriptions published of it
did not agree at all. Yet it has been decided to let the name stand
for a species related to procera, but having the shell larger (averag-
ing alt. 3°0 diam., 1:3 millim.), the aperture of a different, ‘some-
what rhombic shape; the crest behind the palatal margin is more
or less white, corresponding to a rather strong callus; the palatal
wall just behind the crest is considerably flattened, and the base
rather compressed, keel-like.
P. hordeacea is decidedly variable ; among the typical form there
are numerous albino specimens ; some show hardly a trace of a lam-
ella on the palatal wall; from certain parts of its range, there are
examples more conical and somewhat lighter colored, approaching
P. servilis Gould. The species is found in Texas, New Mexico and
Arizona. As already mentioned, it comes very near P. procera on
one side, and shows much resemblance to servilis on the other,
while it has a well characterized “ strain” of its own. But with these
interrelations, it is all the more interesting to the naturalist who de-
sires something else than simply filing so and so many “ well defined”
species only.
Pupa hordeacella Pilsbry.
There is hardly a controversy about the synonymy of the species.
It is characterized by its size, averaging the smallest of the group
on the continent, the thin shell, its distinet striation, the flattened
last half of the body whorl, the base being comparatively broader
and more rounded than in its congeners and by the thin apertural
margins. But it is also variable to a considerable degree ; as to
size, the smallest I have seen measuring 1-4, the largest 2°4 millim. ;
as to color, from pale horn to light chestnut ; and pure albinoes are
quite common in some places. The smallest specimens generally
have a remarkably lesser number of whorls comparatively.
Its area of distribution, as far as known, is from Florida through
Mississippi and Texas to New Mexico and Arizona.
? Since the original description (Am. Journ, Conch. II, Oct., 1866, p. 331)
was inaccessible to me, Mr. Dall had the very estimable kindness to forward me
a copy of it and of the figure ; from both it would be absolutely impossible to iden-
tify the species.—Conf. also W. G. Binney, Bulletin 28, p. 173.
142 THE NAUTILUS.
Pupa servilis Gould.
A West Indian species, which has been reported from Louisiana
and Texas; whether it is really living on the continent I am unable
to decide. Among the many collections examined I never found it
from our country.
I prefer the above name, since the description given with it corre-
sponds exactly with the form taken for it, while that of P. pellueida
Pfr. does not at all agree with the same, but quite well—as far as
it goes—with some other forms from the West Indies.
Pupa
For completeness I wish to give short notice here of a.very interest-
ing form, collected at our limits, at Hidalgo, Texas, by Mr. J. A
Singley. It resembles much the P. servilis of Gould, in size and
appearance. But by careful examination a few features are found
quite new and seen in none of the other continental forms of the
group, viz., the presence of an infra-apertural lamella, between the
“apertural” and the columella, and the inferior palatal lamella
being very long and of particular shape. Both these characters I
have seen also in some forms from Curacoa, in the collection of Mr.
W.G. Mazyck. Although this Pupa must be considered as specific-
ally distinet, I prefer not naming it before, if possible, comparing
other, probably related ones, from Central America and the West
Indies.
A few words must be added concerning the geographical distribu-
tion of the species in question.
P. rupicola and procera I have seen together only in one instance,
in a lot from “South Carolina,” where there was one example of the
former among a number of the latter. But it was much to my satis-
faction, a thing I had long looked for. It is evident that reports of
P. rupicola Say, having been collected in the interior of the continent,
say North and West of a line drawn from South Carolina to Louis-
iana, possibly also a part of southern Texas, are with all probability
to be referred to P. procera Gould.
P. rupicola and hordeacella have been collected together in many
places of Florida (by Messrs. Dall, Stearns, Hemphill, Webster, A.
G. Hinkley, et. a/.), and in Mississippi (Pass Christian, by Mr. Bryant
Walker), while at. and near Charleston, South Carolina, the former
seems to be alone (Mr. W. G. Mazyck.)
In middle Texas (Lee Co., Mr. Singley) P. hordeacella, hordeacea
and procera are found together; in lots from Comal County, (drift,
THE NAUTILUS. 1438
also collected by Mr. Singley) the same three were represented, but
procera insmall number. Among about 60 specimens from Hidalgo,
Texas, (Mr. Singley, coll., sent by Mr. Wm. A. Marsh) there were P.
hordeacella, hurdeacea in a form somewhat differing from the type,
and the species mentioned above; P. procera wanting.
From New Mexico I have seen P. hordeacea and hordeacella.
Texas seems to be the center of distribution of the group under con-
sideration on our continent, and there is no doubt but that more
valuable things will be found in that state and the neighboring
territories.
My own collection now contains about 65 numbers (75 vials) of
the forms named above (except P. servilis) from the continent, and
many more I have seen in other collections.
The title of this article may appear to be not fully appro-
priate, in so far as the species named there is the one, or one of the
furthest removed from the common type of the whole group. Yet
P. rupicola Say is the oldest and best known name, and, I think,
the choice of it may be justified.
[CONTRIBUTED. ]
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
SANTA BARBARA, CAL., FEB. 3, 1891.
To the President of the American Association of Conchologists :
DEAR SIR:
In response to your circular card of November 7, notwithstanding
the probability that you may consider my response as coming too
late, | venture to make a few remarks:
I regret to see the evident tendency among conchologists who are
coming into print, to make radical and uncalled for changes in no-
menclature.
I have noted more particularly those relating to our West Coast
shells.
We, who have been for the past twenty-five or thirty years, ac-
customed to the names by which our mollusks have been known,
fail to see the necessity or utility of making so many changes, espec-
ially by those not resident, nor especially interested in our local con-
chology, which renders our standard publications next to useless,
places difficulties in the way of young students, puzzle and annoy
our older naturalists, and have a tendency to fence in the field of
144 THE NAUTILUS.
knowledge from many who would enter, if the way was not so beset
with the thorns of synonyms and unnecessary divisions of genera.
If we were laboring along under huge and glaring inconsistencies,
we would meekly submit to correction.
It would seem, that the only persons benefitted by this state of things
are, those who make and support these changes in order to increase
their catalogues of species and varieties * * * ** by the addition of
the so-called new varieties and the adoption of new names for old
and well known species ; or, those teachers of science who are in re-
ceipt of salaries and can thus afford to devote their whole time to
one subject, or those who are anxious to air their knowledge by the
use of hard names and the division of well known genera into as
many sub-genera as possible.
The one great object of the teacher should be to make the road as
easy as possible to his pupils and followers, whereas the real ob-
ject of many would seem to be exactly the reverse, and instead of
removing the stumbling blocks and smoothing the rough places,
some of them seem intent upon making a hard road still more diffi-
cult.
For example
as the scientific name for Snails, and in the index to “ Land and
Fresh Water Shells of North America” by Binney and Bland, pub-
lished in 1869, we find 541 specific names including recognized spe-
cies and svnonyms, under the generic name of “ Helix,” whereas in
later publications we find this simple genus has been divided into
thirty or forty sub-genera, the names of which convey no idea to
the student, who is confronted by the substituted and, to him mean-
ingless words, such as He/minthoglypta, Micrarionta, Euparypha, ete.
the name Helix is getting to be pretty well known
as applied to the poor innocent Snails, of which my esteemed friend
Dr. Stearns says, “ there is neither propriety nor advantage in their
use.” I note also, that some of our writers * * * * * * *
* 7 while proposing to cut down the number of species and vari-
ties of the Land Shells of other faunal regions, are hard at work
manufacturing names for additional species and varieties in their
iw
own region, Yea verily, “ Consistency thou art ajewel.” * * *
To illustrate what we may expect if this genus, species, and
variety making continues, I will instance the way in which some of
the small provinces and countries manufacture varieties of postage
stamps for the express purpose of selling them to stamp collectors.
1 The zzmdber of subgenera attributed to Mr. Binney is liberally estimated.
Mr. B. never used the names Helminthoglypta or Micrarionta.—ED.
THE NAUTILUS. ill
In some of these countries the amount realized from sales to collec-
tors exceed the amount of revenue derived from their use for postal
purposes, and when they desire to increase their revenue, they strike
off a lot of “ New Issues,” or, by printing a different value on the
“Old Issues,” and placing an additional charge upon them meet
with large sales. They even go so far as to deliberately make errors
in these so-called “Surcharges ”’ and thus create a demand for these
manufactured “rarities,” which seems to me to be a parallel case
with some dealers and others interested in the Conchological Ex-
change.
Lorenzo G. YATES.
GENERAL NOTES.
The Boston Society of Natural History has purchased from Mr.
Gulick a valuable series of several hundred Hawaiian Achatinella.
Those from the island of Oahu, are to be mounted on a large model
of that island, made by J. H. Emerton. They will occupy their
respective localities on the mountains and in the valleys, and will
illustrate the progression and variation of species from the various
centers. I have suggested to the Curator that a similar model be
made to show the distribution of the Patula strigosa group taking
Hemphill’s fine series as a basis —E. W. Roper, Revere, Mass.
OWN
3 2044 093 320 232
err ere tralia
(RRL 1