anaaaDODaaaaDaDaaaDoaaaaaaDDaaao a D D D D D .-■^1C% D D ^ (dl ^^ ktt "^ D D u) ieI iyjy nS ^ D D i gV Vui /h -j D B D D ^■^"fus-i^** D D D D D D D D D UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS B □ D D LIBRARY D D D D D D Q D • a D = D D D D D D D D D □ D D D Q SPECIAL COLLECnOhS D D D D D * ARCHIVES D D D □ ^ D D ^ D D g (y\ a D D a □ D D D n '^ D D a a cO D D a a r^ D D D D D — D n D D D □ n □ nr innoai DDDDDDOaDDDDDDaaaaDDDaDDDD j;,brM_ university of massachusetts AMHERST, MASS. THE NEWFNG1.AND FARMER, HmTICULTfJRAL, JOrUNAL. CONTAINING ESSAYS, ORIGINAL AN© SELECTED, RELATING TO - .... AGRICWLTURE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; ^miralJlinisti^ FMtlCES or COUJTTn^' PROBVCE. BY THOMAS G. FESSENDEN. VOL. IX. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. RUSSELL, NOS. 51 AND 52, NORTH MARKET STREET. 1831. Ter N444 I s 3 0 / INDBX To the Ninth Volume of the New England Farmer, .. bis notice of prolific sheep, 171 — his notice of the _nincse method of propagating fruit trees, 394. Abel, Truman, his comrauiiication on the locust free, crops in New Hampshire, &c, 17 iVbcle, silver-leaved, notices of, by Mr Prince, 137. Acarus, or red spider, uses of 413 Mams, John, report on his premium f\irin, 2G8 Adams, Josiah, on the Middlesex report on ftrms, 22S Adlura John, his remarks on making wine from native pes, 44 Address of Festus Foster, extracts from 52. of J. C. Graj', before the Massachusetts Agricultu- ral Society, 121 — of Z. Cook, Jun. before the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, 1S7, 194, 202 — of Elias Phinney, before the Middlesex Society of Husbandmen and Manufacturers, 217, 225 — remarks on, by the Editor, 221 — by Theodore Sedgwick, extracts from, 244. by Samuel C. Allen, 372 — before the Rhode-Island Society for the encourage- ment of Domestic Industry, by Dr Drown, 401. Egeria pyri, an insect which attacks pear-trees, Dr Harris' remarks on, 2 Etna Mount, terrible eruption of, 96 Lgave Americana, substitute for liemp, notice of, 405. igrlcola, on a disease in pear trees, 5 — on bad seeds and misnamed fruit trees, SI— his remarks on salt hay, 223 gricultural information, value of, 358 igricultural report of Albany county, extracts from 222 Igricultural premiums otfered by the Middlesex Society of Husbandmen and Manufacturers, I'J — awarded by do, 205 — see further Agricultural Societies. .gricultural Societies, increasing in the State of Ohio, 88 gricultural Society of Massachusetts, premiums offered by, 97 — notice of their cattle show, 111,126 — plough- ing match with 2 yoke of oxen, 114 — do with 1 yoke, 114 — on sheep and swine, 114 — on cows, heifers, bulls and bull calves, 114 — manufactures exhibited at 117- pramiums awarded at 117, 118, 126 — Committees of 124 — on grain and vegetable crops, 260, 284 — on Man- gel vruitzel,234 — on green crops for manure, 292 — report of committee ou on useful inventions, 132 — on working cattle, 132— on butter, &c. 134 — on the hee moth, borer and best cultivated farms, 300, 308 formed in Rutland, Vt. 190 of Hampshire, Hampden and Franklin, their report on locust trees, 236 — Officers of 277 of Essex, report of a Committee of, on the management of farms, 268, 276 of Plymouth, offer a premium for roads, 307 ■ — of Worcester, officers of, 325 of Merrimack, exhibition of 130 — Officers of 131 »riculture, English, excellence of, and superiority to that of France, 85 — profits of, 109 — remarks on im- provements in, 171 — progress of, in New Brunswick 251 — on its importance, 277 — scientific, exemplified by the management of the Orange or Spesutia Farm, 358, 412 loohol obtained from bread in baking, 357 den J. Jun. on cutting trees for reproduction, 395 len, Jonathan, his statement relative to his Premium farm, 308 len, Samuel C. extracts from an address delivered by 372 ligator, anecdotes of 32 mshouse Farm in Newport, product of 85 nateur, his inquiry respecting jrafling grape-vines,2C7 brette, a pe^r, description c»f 140 nerica, friendly munitions fur, from the Abbe Ray- nal 240 latomy, extracts from Davis' report on legalizing the study of 251 dre Major, on the mode of his execution, 323 .imals, domestic, principles of reaiing, managing and ieedingof 83 — art of propagating the best, 8-3 — longev- ity of different specie-i of 157 ithracite coal used for burning bricks, 323 its, red, how destroyeil, G4 his Lanigera an insect, remedies against 178 iples exhibited by Col. Gibbs, 14— by E. Bartlett, 14, 1 19— from S. Downer 14, 25— from J. Prince, 18, 76 102— A. D. Wiliiams and Mr Richards 46 — by Messrs Winships 54, 62— by Mr Manning 62, 78, 86, 119, 126, — by R. Howe,G2 — by Henry Cushing, 62 — by James Reed, 63— by Mr Welles, 78— by Mr Warren, 8(3— by G. W. Pratt, 86— by Mr Davenport 85— by E. Wight, 85— by Mr Edwards 86— G. Parsons, 94— P S. Hastings, 95— J. Upham 95— W. Pratt, Jun. 95— large, by Gov. Lincoln, 101 — Mr J. Monroe 110 — Mr James Vila, 110— Mr E. Weston, Jun. 110— Mr Phipps, 110, 67— Rev. Mr Gannet, 126— Mr S. Hyde, 126— Dr Bartlett 126— by Mr Phinney, 1.34— by Col. Jaques, 134— by J. B. Russell, 134— by Mr Eaton, 134 —Mr Burr, 142— Mr Perry, 142— Mr Russell, 142— Gen. Newhall, 150 — Mr Chase, 153 — how preserved for winter's use 85, 394 — notices of large ones 107— from G. W. Porter 319- how preserved, by Mr Per ry 382. Apple trees, producing double blossoms, notice of 3— one which produced three crops of apples 131. Apricots exhibited by E. Phinney, Esq. 14 — by Dr Rob- bins and others, 18 A. R. his remarks on the culture of Indian corn, 345 Aracacha plants sent to Mass. Hor. Soc. by Mr Smith, with remarks on by Gen. Dearborn, 306 — further re- marks on, 397 Ardent spirits not useful in medicine, 45, 47 — great ex- pense of 67 — retail of, forbidden in several towns, 83 — tarm carried ou in Worcester without, 96 — labor per- formed without, under the superintendence of C. Jarvis, Esq. 149 — war against, in the Jerseys, 152 — notice of their first introduction into New England, 239 — do not preserve against cold 288 — danger of taking as a medi- cine 339 — the cause of crime 341. Arnold, Jesse, notice of work done by, without ardent spirits 131. Ashes of pitcoal, said to be injurious to vegetation 204. Asparagus, bundle of consisting of 25 heads, exhibited at the London Horticultural Society 142 — blanched in in tubes 142 — Mr Buel's remarks on 186 — early spec- imens of by Mr Toohey 254 — how forced in hotbeds 270 — directions for its culture 309. Atkinson, William, Esq, on the management of hot-house furnaces, 197. B. his query with regard to feeding ewes with lamb with turnips 35 — his inquiry respecting a disease ir horses 234^ — answer to his inquiry respecting said diS' ease, by R. 253 — his directions for preventing sows from destroying their offspring 259 — on the culture of Indian corn 281, 337, 393 — his directions for construct- ting a cheap and efficient roller 313 — on lucerne 337 Bacon, William, on preservinglocust trees against worms 18. Bacon and pork, on curing 196 — great quantities of, in Cincinnati 341. Ballard, John 2d, on the mischievous propensities of fowls 18. Barefoot, a horse, so called, notice of 373. Barley, remarks on insects which infest, by Dr Harris, 2 — statement of a premium crop of, by Messrs T. & H. Little 260 ; remarks on its culture 339. Barnitz, Charles A. on the culttjre and uses of the sun- flower 13. Bates, Judge, on the production of good wheat 324. Barnum, Mr, on keeping bees in garrets, S(c. 338. Bartlett, Levi, his apparatus to prevent the ascent of the cankerworm 10. Bartram Botanic Garden and nursery, report on 388. B. C — n, his composition for feeding calves 324. Beans, a stringless, notice of 59; remarkable kind of 85; how cultivated 334. Bear, anecdote of 328. Beard, Ebenezer, on the profitableness of Bees 58; on their hives melting down 2.59, 313. Bee Moth, Mr Stone's method of destroying 300 ; re- mcjks on, and remedies against .381. See further Bees. Beer, how made from the honey locust 237. Bee-hive, architecture of 74. Bees, defend a house from pillage 15; great produce from 49 ; on their profitableness 58 ; without stings, notice of 67 ; on their division of labor 76 ; singular circumstances, concerning 100; successfully inanao-- ed by Mr Wilhington 102; Dr Thacher's remarks on 193, 201, 320 ; Dr Smith's observations on 193, 200, 331,350; on the existence of a queen among 222 ; notice of their breeding in garrets, ^c. 250, 310, 338 ; on their hives melting down 259, 266, 275,313; in- 1 quiries concerning, by a countryman 283 ( remarks on, hy R. G. 289 ; by Mr Turner 299 ; their cultiva- tion in cities advised, by Dr Smith 331 ; remarks on, by Mr Prince 338; by Mr Buel 353, how secured against the bee moth 300, 353, 354, 402 ; sometimes swarm in wet weather 377 ; remarks on the manage- ment of 396, 402, 403, 407, 409; quero relative to their working without a queen 493. Beets, early, premium awarded for, to Mr Seaver 6 ; and other roots, how gathered and preserved 77, 93. Beet, ihe white, remarks on 275. Beet stgar, in France 375. Bernard, Gen. his remark respecting the character of Americans, 328. Birch rind, or bark, uses of 110. Birds, oa the folly and criminality of destroying 324, 337 ; sagacity of, in Hindostan 336. Blacksmith's study, notice of 355. Blackstone Canal, amount of transportation on, in the summer of 1830. Blue color, extracted from buckwheat straw 272. Bog Meadow, covered with loam, and great produ from 59. Bohon Upas, less poisonous than has been supposed 199. Bones, enormous, found in Kentucky 149 ; ground for manare 197, 355 ; Mr Lowell's letter on 245 ; a use- ful manure for wheat 294. Bonnets, made of hornet's nests 199. Boots and shoes, patent for a new mode of manufactur ing 323. Boston, census of 107 ; prosperity of 341. Bonsall, Edward, Esq. his letter on the culture of the vine, 307,315. Botanical knowledge, importance of 252. Botts in horses, remedy for 36. Brace, Jonathan and others, their mode of preserving peach trees from worms 125. Bread, dyspepsia, recipe for making 27 ; of gelatine and potatoe flour 42 ; of wheat straw 53 ; nsed as food for horses iii Silesia 325. Breeding live stock, rules concerning 53 ; for a dairy stock, remarks on 377. Briggs, W. Esq. on a disease in sheep 260. Brighton Market, report of for the year 1830, 198 Broom corn, notice of 141 ; how introduced by Dr Franklin 203. Buckminster, William, report on his farm 182 ; his ac- count of turning in green crops for manure 292 ; ou bog mud for manure 292 ; on the yellow locust 292. Budding, new method of 199. Buel, J. Esq. his directions for transplanting trees 131, 128 ; extracts and notes from 177 ; on planting and healing wounds in trees 177; on salt as manure 177; earths in vegetables 177; on wheat 177; stirrintr land in warm weather 177; planting trees 177; poison in vegetables 177; disease in fruit trees 177; on the aphis lanigera 178 ; on manures 178 ; on salt for milch cows 185; on late frosts 185; on asparagus 186; on operations of steam 186; on the culture and virtues of the strawberry 220; on the pieplant 220; on the the transpiration of plants 220 ; on sea kale 220 ; on using the locust for live fences 307 ; his letter on be- ing made member' of the Mass. Hort. Soc. 320; his remarks on bees 353. Bull calves, large, owned by George Hazen, Esq. 172. Bull, 2 years old weighing 1700 lbs. 59. Burns and Scalds, remarks en, and rem«dies for 27, 45 141,222 Bussorah Arabian, a fine horse, not'ces of 90 Butter, on the making, curing and casking of 65; premium offered for by Mass. Agr. Soc. 78, 247; report of a Com. of Mass. Agr. Soc. on 1.34, 166 ; on making in winter 197, 237 — preserved in the bottom of a well 349 Buying on trust, disadvantages of 37 Cabbage, drum head, weighing IS 1-2 lbs. 59, — do. 25 lbs. 174 ; with 24 heads on one stump, 131 — with 25 heads 142 Cabbages, modes of preserving 77 — a large Savoy 190 Cabbage plants, how preserved from woims, .369 Calvin, his description of a new mode of grafling, 242 Calf, a remarkable owned by W. Furness, 102 Calves, flesh of, less than six weeks old prohibited from sale in Paris 2 — remarks on the raising and manage-, ment of by Gorhara Parsons, Esq. 26 — on their pealing INDEX. bark from fruit trees, 213, 219 — remedy for scours in 314 Camels, proposed to naturilize in France 86 Canada thistle, Ixow destroyed 49 Canal and rail roads in Penn. 235 Canal trade from Providence to Worcester, 3S1 Canibalism, notices of 104 Canker-worm, Mr Bartlett's apparatus to prevent the ascent of 10— observations on by Mr Kenrick 275 — how destroyed by Mr Winship 374 — security against by Dr Robbins, 418 Camellia Japonica, varieties of exhibited by D. Hag- gerslon and J. 15. Russell, 199 Canal Survey to connect the water of Boston and Narra- ganset rivers, 139 — Blackstone, report on 245 Caoutchouc, Dr Mitchel's method of working 163 Cape Broccoli raised near Baltimore in great perfection 173 Capillary attraction, instance of 27 Capen L. his remarks on salt hay, 273 Carrots, on gathering and securing, 93 — advanttges of cultivating together with flax 269— their cilbcta on horses 299— on cows 321 Carr, R. his communication, with seeds of wild rice, 299 Carr, William on the cultivation of the Strawberry 30 Castor oil, price of reduced by the tariff 59 Caterpillars, recipes for destroying 36, 214, 365--- ravages of in Penn. 395 — remarks on by Dr Harris 1 Cattle, notices of a disease in 161 — cure for bloating in 173 — improved breed of by Gov. Lincoln, 214 — tjueries respecting insects in 258 — short horned, remaiks on and notices of the sales of by W. 281— large, notices of 239- remarks on mostly from CuUey, 290, 314 remarks on by Celonus, 267 — by W. 299 — improved by Mr Jenkins, 314— by Mr Howard, 3.37— large exportation of 365 — breeding of for a dairy sto ck, re- marks on 377 — when hoven or swollen by clover remedies for 393- Djvoaahire, letter concerning, fromJ. W. Coke, 402 Cattle show and Fair of the Rhode Island Society for the encouragement of Domestic Industry 94, 108---Mid- dlesex Society of Husbandmen and Manufacturers 101-. report of the committee of 182, 190— of Bristol County 106 — Berkshire County 116— of Worcester 118 — of Fall River 116— of Merrimack County N. II. 136— of Hampshire, Hampden andF ranklin, 134 ;''of Worcester, Committees of 138 , reports of 133, t64--of Strafford, New Hampshire, 141-— See further Agricultural Societies. Cattle Stalls, defects in 83 Cauliflowers, early, premium awarded for to Mr Sea- ver, 6— large raised by Mr Pettee 118 Cellars, damp, a remedy for 48 Cements, water proof, several sorts of 71 Cemetery, rural, proposed by a Com. of Mass. Hor. Soc. 335 Census of Massachusetts, 219— of the U. S 285, 341 Chandler, Capt. Daniel, notice of his improved harrow 198 Charcoal, said to fatten pigs 150— dust of, said to be a remedy for the grub 2()6— preserves peach trees from insects 323— measurement of regulated by law 352— accelerates the maturity of melons 357— on its uses as a manure, antidote to insects &,c. 390, 405 Che.ip things should never be bought when not wanted, 232 Charring posts, wlien and how useful 333. Clieeso poisonous, its bad qualities caused by Indian Tobacco, lobulia inflata 31 — how ]irfserved against mitos 53— how made of potatoes G4— quantity of, made in Hollanl 2)7— questions relalive to the manufac- ture of 313, 32C--rcmarks on making 353,409 Cherries, exlii'iiiod by Mr Manning and Mr Howe 6— by Gen. Dearborn 14— by Mr Manning 14 Cherry -bird, o:i its cultivation as a decoy for caterpillars 14 Cherry grafts, remarkable growth of 11 Cherry trees, remedy for the blast on 378 ; bark of, poisonous 397 Chesniit wood, more durable tlian oak G3 Chimaies iron, recommended 235 China, economy in 231 Children, on the management of 61; hair of should be cut short G7 Child, Mrs, notice of her work called iTie Mother's book 3.55, 3.57 Chlminc, a remedy for animal poisons 30 Cholera morbus, uotise of its ravages in Asia aod E;^ rope 230 Churns, pendulum, notice of 405 Cider, fermentation of, regulated by charcoal 17; im- proved by mustard seed 139; remarks on making 373 Circumnavigator, his remedy for Mast in cherry tree: 373 Cities of the United States, population of 323 Clark, Rev. Adam, his observations on prognostications of the weather 154 Cleanliness recommendel 339 Climate, effect of, on the human race, &c 368 Clover .seed, great quantity of, prepared in Chambers- burg, Penn. 341 Coal, anthracite, quantity of, annually consumed in Philadelphia 235 Coal ashes, prejudicial to vegetation 204 Cobb, L., his notice of great growth of cherry grafts 11 Cobb, J. H., Esq., notices of his lectures on silk 179,280 Cobs of Indian corn useful, when ground with the grain 45, 115 Cabra da Cabello, a venomous reptile, notire of 16 Coal, anthracite, used for baking bricks 331 Cochineal, cultivated in the south of Spain 280 ^Cockroaches, recipe for destroying 7 Cocoons of silk, purchased in Baltimore 339 Coffee, French preparation of 379 Coinage at the U. S. Alint 280 Cold and sore throat, remedy for 238 Cohnan, Henry, account of his premium crop of ruta baga 284 ; his observations on tlie dairy 321 ; his cre- scent hoe 410 Colonus, his communication concerning milch cows 267 Columella, his remarks on Col. Jaqucs' Stock Farm 2SG Coffee, rules for making 8 ; useful effects of 360 Coffin, Sir Isaac, his letter to Gen. Dearborn, Pres. Mass. Hort. Soc. 347 Cold, treatment of those who have been exposed to 43 Combustion, spontaneous 42; instance of 379 Comfort, notice of 133 Compost manure, how made 6G, 93 Conductors of lightning, painting of 289; see alsb light- ning rods. Consuinplion, cure for 325 Consumption, cured by the vapor of nitric acid 235 Cook, Z. jr., his address to the Mass. Hort. Soc. 187, 195, 203, 211 Cooking grates for cooking by anthracite coal 69 Copperas, manufactured in Hubardston 139, 227; in Tcmpleton 380 ; a solution of, as a steep for seed corn, 314, 323, 337, 366 Corn, large crops of, raised on Turkey bog 42, 100 ; Chinese, notice of 355 ; see farther Indian corn. Corrosive sublimate, milk an antidote for 51 Corse, Henry, Esq., notice of his present of fruit trees, &c, to Mass. Hort. Soc. 329 Cotton goods, American, exported to Calcutta 115, 116 ; cargoes of, arriving from the southward 325 Countryman, a, his remarks on Farming operations 233; his inquiries concerning bees 283 Cow, a good, owned by Mr Chase 206 ; Chinese, notice of 250; spayed, notice of 305; a prolific 315; on the management of 246 ; inquiry concerning 259, 207, 337 ; benefited by currying 365 Cow keeping in Holland, &c, 25 Cows, notice of profitable, exhibited at Hartford 172; milch, remarks on 365 ; their character and condition 245 Cranberries, how cultivated by Capt. Hall 137 ; 400 bushels of, raised by Mr Haydenl33; remarks on, from the Genesee Farmer 251 Cran.slnn, J. on an insect found on peach trees 393 Crops, in England 165 Cr'oup, recipe for 45; causes and prevention of 155; Crows, notices of their habits, propensities, &c, 146 Cream, the cause of its collecting on the surface of milk 407 Cucumbers, different opinions respecting, as an article of diet 30; noiice of lai-ge ones 107, 131, 172 ; grown in hollowed turnips 270; notice of early 310; i-emarks on their culture 333 Cultivator, on the Napoleon and Passe Colmar Pears 105; on grafting the gr-ape 343 ; on the destruction of birds. 333. Curculio, notices of, by Mr Hildrcth 82 ; by Mr Kirt- lanJ 153; by J. Cranston, and by the Editor ?93; by D. T. 413 Currant wine, Mr Pomeroy's remarks on its manufac- ture 402; romarkson, by J. Hawley 404 Curtis, C, his remarks on preserving sweet potatoes, ap- ples and squashes 394 Cuts with an edge-tool, remedy for 27 Cultin" instruments, means of giving a fine edge to 277° Cow cabbage, notice of 233 Custard apple, fruit of, presented to. Mass. Hort. Soc. by W. D. Hammond, Esq. 348 Dairies, Dutch, their cleanliness, &c 85 Dairy, the, Mr Colman's remarks on 321 Dandelion, coffee, how made from 237 ; remarks on culture and uses 310, 325 ; niarniiioth, notice of 3'<- Dark day, the, observations on 204 Davis, Gideon, on trimming the roots of fruit trees 340 Davis, Seth, his remar-ks on Leghorn wheats, on keeping mice from peach trees, and pruning peach trees 27 1 Dearborn, Gen. H. A. S. his comnrunication ielali\r to scions, grape vines, &c, sent to tire Horticultrir.il Society, Paris 2ft ; on double flowers, &c 23 ; on tlio culture of roses 33 ; on the cultivation of silk 28, 57 : his translation of several extracts from the Annals IJ- Horticulture, on Manures, the Chinese Muiberry, iic. 106; and metboil of increasing the size of 'lruit». 129; a method of making camellias produce seeds. 129; a method of accelerating the maturity of melorip 125; notice of his Centennial Address 158; on new kinds of pears 169; on a method of destroying weeds which grow- between paving stones, &c 1G9 ; on the science and literature of horticulture 180; his trans- lation of M. Filippar's Agronomical Journey in Eng- land 180 ; on depredations on fruit gardens and orchardf, and the utility of fruit for preserving health 188; Iris notices of pr-oceedings of Mass. Hort. Soc. 282 ; lli^ translation of Professor Poiteau's remarks on fruit trees 297 ; letter to, from Sheldon Norton 305 ; his remarks on Mr Corse, Mrs Griffith, and several other cultivator's, &c 330 Debt, disadvantages of 216 Definitions, new 400 Diamond, history of 328 Digestion impeded by drinking drams after eating C8 Dog, remarkable anecdote of 17G; made to turn ma- chiner-y 307 Door plates, transparent, used in Philadelphia 323 Dorchester, comnrunication by 137 Downer, S., his remarks on grafting grape vines 289 Drought, severe in the Soutlrern Stales, and at the same time much rain in New England 80 Drown, Dr Solomon, his notices of Guano, a sort ol manui'e 130; his address delivered before the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragenrent of Industry 401 notice of his lectures 415 Drowning, treatment of those apparently dead by 43 Drunkenness, evils attending 24, 299, 323, 325 D. T. on transplanting trees and shrubs 51. D'Thury, Vicomle Hericourt, his letter to General Dearborn, with a present of the Annals of the Horti- criltural Society at Paris, his own works &c. 89. Ducks, how raised, &c, 334 ; their uses as vermin pick- ei^ 334. Dysentery, rules for avoiding 5.9: Dyspepsia, riding recommended for 389. Dyspepsia-bread, recipe for making 27. Dyspeptic Monitor, notice of 51. Early rising, recommended 133. Earths, found in vegetables 177. Echassery, a pear, description of 140. Econonry, to be taught children 13 ; remarks on 229, 335, 328. Education, early, remarks on 163. Eel, gigantic, in New South Wales 240. ^ Eggs, how preserved 341. E. L., his remarks on Mangel Wurtzel'and Ruta Daga 373. Elder-berry syrup, recipe for 89. Elder leaves, round the roots of peach trees, destroy worms 43. Elephants, notices of 352. Ellsworth, Jose|)h, bis queries concerning fruit trees 10. Elwyu, J. L. observations on glanders in horses 185 : on gr-asses, &c. 262. Errata, liability of printers to 104. Essex Agricultural Society, officers of 91. Evil, begini'iiigs of, to be avoided 9G. Ewes with lamb, que re whetherturnip? are injurious to 35. Fall sowirrg of some sorts of seeds, recommended 62. Fakir's, devotees in Calcutta, anecdotes of 40. Faldermann, F. Esq. CuralO" of the Imperial Botani* Garden at St Petersburg, his letter to Gen. De.u'bom 169. Farcy, a disease in horses 4. Farmers, prospects of American 338. Farmer, a scientilicon boiled food for fattening hogs 353. Farmer, a, on the medical virtues of water 36 ; on the Napoleon and Passe Colmar pears 38, 41 ; on lime a« a manure 76 ; signs of a good one 83. Farmer a New York, on the culture of wheat 185; a Roxbury, on the season 350. Farmer, a small, on the examination of fai'ms 186, 206. Farmer's work for Sepleriibcr 54 ; for February 2.38, 24G; for March 261; for April 294, 302; for May 326, 342 ; for June 365, 374, 332, 390 ; for July ■114, INDEX. Farmers, politics for 2J1, 249, 257, 2(i.-). Farms, liesciiptioii of, and moJe of culture recommend- ed 49 ; siii'ill, recomiueiided 65, 7t> ; remarks oti the examination of 1?(>. Farming opcru;iun$, remarks on, liy • A Countryman' a33. "Farrier, Farmer's, notice of 366. Favors fiom friends *382. Female dress, remarks on 59. Fences, live, rccoiumended 162; posls for, rendered du- rable by tilling holes in witli salt I'.ll ; iibservations on by "Dr l^lmrtlcfl' 22S,-'275; by W. Kenrick 258; Mr Kirk's letter (o Dr Shurtlclf concernmg 267 ; re- marks on, by tbe Editor 302 ; objections to the use of the locust tree for 307. Ferry, H. bis queries concerning a kind of lice found on Indian corn 11. Fieblpiths, remarks on 3S9. Figs, grown in Long Island 116. Fire wood, economy in the use of 23? T\<\>, live, bnw to convey 235; holes In the ice of ponds should be broken for, in winter 825 ; lecundity of 357. Fiske, 0. on an insect which inlesls poar trees 35. Flax, notice of two crops oi the same season 221 ; obser- vations on its culture, manufacture, &c. 23o ; how cultivated \vilh carrots 269 ; on spinning by machine- ry 269. FUx seed, 12 yoars old, produced a large crop 85. Flowers, exhibitions of 86, 150. Floy, Michael, his descriptions of Trees and shrubs, producing a succession of flowers, &c. 74, 84, 92. Food for man, expense of 3G0. Fosdick, David, fine grapes raised by 54. Foster, Festus, extracts from his address before the H. F. &. H. Agricultural Society. Foster, Gideon, account of his crop of mangel wurtzel 234. Fowler, James, his mode of reclaiming wet meadows 61. Fowls, sometimes useful in gardens by destroying insects, &c. 1 ; remarks on their mischievous propensities, by Mr Ballard 18; should be kept by every man who keeps a pig 75 ; laltened with potatoes and meal 222; see also poultry 293 ; insects which infest 323. Fowl Meadow Grass, remarks on, by Mr Lowell 342. France, domestic industry in 192. Franklin, anecdotes of SO 2^8 ; his introduction of broom- corn and yellow willow 203. Free martin, a kind of barren heifer, remarks on 13. Friday, not an unlucky day 56. Friend to Industry, on the culture of silk 229. Frog market at Brussels, notice of 56. I'rost, early 84. Fruit stealing, notice of 94. Fruits, list of reqiiested 10; to be faund in the Xew American G.irdener 10 ; queries concerning, by Mr Ellsworth 10; sample of, exhibited by S. G. Perkins 19 ; remarks on new kinds of, by ' a Looker On' 88 ; list of by Looker On 113 ; a method of increasing the size of r29 ; on iheir utility for preserving health 183 ; method of preserving 3S8 ; fallen and decayed should be gathered and given to swine 410. Fruit trees, packing of, for exportation 67 ; Mr Buel's remarks on diseases in 177 ; bark pealed from, by calves 213, 219; on pruning 262; extr.icis from a lecture on, by Professor Poiteau 297 ; on trimming the roots of 349 ; on the best mode of planting 361 ; should not be suffered to be,ii fruit too early 365 ; on cover- ing the naked branches of with new wood 382 ; Chi- nese method of propagating 394 ; a new, beautiful and valuable, from J. Winship to J. S. Skinner 326 ; rem- edy for, when wounded 402. Game, dead, mo'le of preserving 77. Gardener's work for February 238; for March 270; for April 309; for May 333. Gardens, remarks on 230, 317, 348. Gardiner, Rev. Dr, admonitory sentence by 203. tiarland, David S., his remarks on hemp 354. G. B. P. on preserving turnips from the fly 321. G. D. A. his remarks on the lupin 81. Geese, how to choose in market 222 ; remarks on breed- ing, rearing, &c. 341. I Geology, recommendations and notices of 141. Glanders in horses, queries concerning, and reply to 174 Mr Elwyn's observations 185. Gold, North Carolina, quantity of coined 235. Gold mines, Jlecklenburg 163. Gombo, a West India dish, how made 73, Goose, wild, curious fact concerning 176. Gooseberry bush, a profitable, owned by Dr. S. A Shurtlell 7 ; how preserved fr»m insects 379. Gooseberries, exhibited by Mr Scavcr and Mr Walker 6 ; new varieties of, leinarka on 41 ; method of p'cserv- ing 410. Gorric, A. on preserving tender plants in wintei by spring water 86. Goslings destroyed by thunder 365 Grafted trees, directions concerning 405. Grafting, a mode of, practised in the East Indies 106 ; improvement in by Dr Shurtlcfl'186 ; new mode of.by Culvin 242 ; the grape vine, remarks on 243, '2.S9. Grain, coaise, should not be distilled, but given to stocJ< 191. Grapes, fine, presented Mass, Hor. Soc. by Dr Austin 47 ; raised by Mr Fosdick 69 ; by Mr Haggerslon 54 ; by Mr Phinney 63, 102; cultivated in Nantucket in considerable quantities 69 ; exhibited by Rev. G. B. Pcrrv 78; by Dr Williams 78 ; by Mr A. Perry 78; by Mr Fosdick 78, 110; Mr Sellars 86 ; R. Manniiig 86; Messrs Winships 86, 95; Mr Haskins 95; Mr Phipps 9.5, 110; N. Seaver 93; Mr Penniman 102 ; Mr Cook 102; Capt. Uranl02; Col. Gibbsl02; Mr Haggerston 102; Mr Downer 110, 119; Mr Adlum 119 ; Mr E. M. Richards 119 ; Mr Russell 142 ; great quantity ol, raised in the neighborhood of Boston 168; how cultivated at F'onlainbleau 168 ; how to prevent the rot or mildew of 172; large quantity raised near Philadelphia 172 ; Major Long's notices of, and inqui- ries concerning 266; remarks on planting 348; on preserving after they are taken from the vines 413. the Isabella, notices of fine, 107, IIG; the Bcup- pernong, remarks on 163 Gr,ipe vines, successfully cultivated, by Mr Loubat 102 ; new varieties of, by Mr Tidd 210 ; on grafting 243, 289; Mr Bonsall's remarks on their culture 307,315; planting of, in yards, recommended 355 ; how propa- gated by Mr Longworth 355 ; remarkable, by Mr Willis 397. Grasses, remarks on, by J. Lowell, Esq. 242 ; by J. L. Elwyn 202. Grass grounds, remarks on top dressing of 234. Greece, a model farm established in 153. Green ci'ops for manure, premium received for, by Mr B u c limi I ^I^ 1 . Green, Roland, his remarks on the season 322. Griffith, Mrs Mary, her letters to Dr Thachcr on bees 201; her letter to Gen. Dearboin, with a book on horticulture &c. 330 ; extracts from her work entitled Our Neighborhood 396. Guano, a new kind of manure, notices of 54, 129. G. W. B. on raising holly plants 202. Gypsum, history and uses of 309 ; found useful near the ocean, 387. H. his request for information relative to reclaiming lands 2:33 Uriblt, power ol 352 Habits of indolence and excess which often cause ruin attributed to hard study 155 Hair of children should be cut short 67 Hale, Mr report on his pump 132 Hamilton, Dr, anecdo'e of 80 Hams, how made and preserved 324 ; b^st preserved in charcoal 355 Hanging, treatment of those who have suffered by 43 Harris, Dr T. W. his communication to Mass. Hort. Soc. on several sorts of insects 1 ; his remarks on the Free Martin 61 Harrow, an improved by Capt. Chandler, notice of 198 Harrow teeth of Dr Nichols, report on 132 Harvesting grain, observations on 414 Hats, patent for an improvement in 199 Hay, Salt, inquiry concerning 210 ; answer to .^aid inquiry 220 ; remarks on by Schoosett 233 ; by L. Capen, Haj'making, lemarks on 398 Hedges, remarks on the construction ol by Dr ShutUeff "209 ; see further fences, live Heifer, a large 190 Hemp, remarks on the culture and management of 354 ; a company formed for tVie cultivation of 391 Herbemont Mrs N. on the culture and cooking of peaches 162 Herbs, directions for gathering and preserving 31 Hildreth, Rev. H. extracts from a work published bv 158 ' Hildreth, S. P. his letter to Gen. Dearborn, with « drawing and description of a new kind of pear &c. 82; on the curculio 82 ; a second letter from, with a promise of scions, seeds, &e. 170 ; his letter accompa- nying a package of seed fee. 232 ; seed and scions pre- sented by 346 Hoeing remarks on .374 Hogs, notices of huge 107, 118, 174, 190, 231, 341 Hogs haslet, family poisoned by eatinrr2i9 Hogsty, di.sgraced by a drunkard 416° Holly plants, liow raised 202 Honey e.xliihition of by Mr How 6; by Mr Rogers, lo; by .Mr I'rmce, with remarks on by E. 1*. 19- ob- servations on by A W-anderei 58, 110 ; cure for the gravel 2.S0 Hops, injured by a gale 03 ; quantity inspected in Albany 250 Horn, t useiul manure for wheal 204 Horse manure, query concerning its use 250 Horses, diseases of 412; indications of old age in 4; uses of the lips of 4 ; disease of the teeth in 12 ; of th« tongue 12; canker and wounds in the mouth 12; for curing slabbering in 42; scratches in 85; ringbone and spavin in 124; directions for wateiing and feeding 172; recipe fur when healed 172; Arabian transported to Washington 172; for the glanders in 174, 195; B.'s inquiry respecting a swelling in 234,253; cure for sore mouths in 243 ; remedy for heaves in 324 ; remarks on lauipas in 365 Horticultural Festival, at Albany, notice of 66; of Mass. Hor. Soc. 70 ; at N. York 78 Horticultural Society of Mass. proceedings of 6, 14, 18, 30, 38, 46, 54, 62, 78, 89, 94, 102, 110, 118, 126, 134, 142, 150, L';8, 166, 282, 290, 302, 305, 322,329,346. 3C2, 371, 378, 3S2, 385, 403, 410 ; Premiums awarded by 170, 353 ; Premiums offered by 318 HcTticultuial Society of Pennsylvania, notices of ex- hibitions of 308,397 ; report of a Com. of on the Bar- tram Botanic Garden 388 Horticultural Society of London, notice of vegetables ex- hibited at 142 of Rensselaer County officers of 173. Charleston S. C. 173 Hosack, Dr, his letter with a donation of books to Mass. Hor. Soc 282 Hot-bed, how made 270, 317 Hot house furnaces, directions for managing 197 Hot water, Mr Perkins' mode of heating hot houses with 362, 378 Houghton, Abel, his mode of raising sweet potatoes 94 Housekeepers, items for 64 Howard, Sanford, his remarks on winter butler, and short horned cattle 337 Hubbard, Dea. Thomas, report on his farm 1S2 Husbandry, general principles of 44 Hyde Park mansion house, and estate belonging to Dr Hosack, notices of 148, 156 Hydrophobia, cured by chlorine 36; notice of death caused by 72; cured by Mercurial ointment, with friction 150; horrible case of 157 ; further noUces of 399 Hypochondriacs, remavKS addressed to 255 Iceboxes, how made 179 Ice hiiuses, their use &c. 20 Ichneumon llordei, an insect, Dr Harris's romarks on 3 Iceland, character of tlie natives of &c. 244, 264 Idiot, remarkable instance of the force of habit in 256 Improvements, facts relative to the slowness of mankind to adopt Ihi-m 61 ; inanifeatcd in Rochester. State ot N. York, 413 India rubber, spun into threads &c. 229; falsi conse- quencG of swallowing 323 Indian corn, notice of insects which prey on 11 ; direc- tions relative to harvesting of &c. 54 ; varieties ol presented Vlass. Hor. Soc. by Capt. Chandler, 54; roots of thought to vxhaust the sol after the crop ie gathered 85; great growth of 126; loss by attempting to cultivate in France 112; introduced into England by Cobbett, failure of 155 ; planting of on greensward 266 ; remarks on its culture by B. 281 ; on selecting the be.st ears for seeds 285 Inquirer, his remarks on the importance of giving the botaonical names of grusses &c. 234 Inleinperancc, woes of 168 ; notices of its cfTects 205 , evils resulting from 400, 408 Internal improvement, sums expended for by govern- ment 235 * Ink, sympathetic, how made 304 Insect Architecture 20, 26 Insects, several sorts of, Dr Harris, communication coa- cerning 1 ; in peach trees to destroy 5, 125 Hessian fly, and an insect that preys on it 9 ; on Indian corn, notice of 11; deslructi%'« 1» seed corn in Nevi Hampshire 17; remarks on their archilesture, uses, properties &c. 20 ; new kird of found in wheat 21 ; voracity of 37; on fruit trees 177, 178 ; in cattle 258; 259 ; that attacks turnips, how guarded against 321 ; which infect fowls 323; destroyed by chicken? 96&; by tobacco liquid 365 ; by charcoal dust 1, INDEX. great crops of by J. Calkin, 291 : on steeping seeds of i" a solurion of copperas 314, 326, 337, 366 ; remarlcs on its culture by the Editor 326, 346; by A. K. 345; how i:nproved by crossing 319 ; seed of in planting should not be spread 355 ; how preserved against the grub worm 366 ; seed of prepared in tai- 370 ; should be hoed without hilling 374; remarks on its culture by B. 393 Indigo, a substitute for invented in France 357 J. A. on the season at Cincinnati &c. 10 Jaques, Col. notices of his proposed Stock Farm 270, 286 Jarvis, Edward, his communication respecting two crops of flax from the aame lield the same season 221 Jarvis, Charles, his statement relative to Garden seeds, and the performance of labor without ardent spirits 149 J. B. his inquiry respecting flowing fresh meadows 210 Jenkins, L. his communication respecting improved breeds of cattle &c. 314 J. M. G. on domestic wines 9 J. M. I. on new varieties ofgooseberrie9 41 J. N. H. his communication on giving descriptions of faims &c. 49 Jasmine, yellow flowers of, a child poisoned by 339 Johnson, S. B. notice of his productive plum tree 118 Journal of Health, notice of 158 J. S. on applying a solution of salt to the roots of trees 18 J. T. his remarks on bees 407 K. his recipe for heaves in horses 324 Kenrick, J. on leaves for manure 340 Kenrick, Wm. his remarks on live fences 258 ; on canker worms 275 Kirtland, Jared P. his remarks on the curculio, diseased pear trees &c. 153 Knight, T. A. Esq. his letter to Hon. John Lowell, 17 ; his remarks on fermenting cider 17; on the culture of potato 213 ; on the means of giving a fine edge to cutting instruments 277 Labor and study, union of recomended 232 Ladies, married, maxims for 48 ; best cosmetic for 243 Lambs, shearing of recommended 170 Lamp, economical, notice of 179 Lampas in horses, remarks on 365 Linilreth, H. and C. notice of their nurseries and garden 358 Lard used in lamps 139 L. C. on erecting a wind mill in South Boston 337 Lead, a cheap covering for houses 16 Leather, sole manufactmed by Mr Tufts 211 Leaves fallen, uses of for manure, hot beds &c. 142, 150, 340 Leghorn wheat, remarks on by Mr Davis, 274 Lentils, presented to Ma5s. llor. Soc. by Dr Lieber, 347 ; description of, and their uses 362 Lice in cattle, remarks on, and remedies for 258, 286 Life, requisites for its happiness 53 ; inquiry con- cerning 80 Lightning, recovery from apparent death by, 43 ; death by, and caution (•onceining64 Lightning rods, known in Lombardy from time immemorial 5; mode for adjusting 19, 412 , on paintingof &c. 289 Lime, its importance as a manure, particularly in wheat crops 76; on its uses and application 369 Lincoln, Gov. noiice of his improved breed of cattle 214 ; his communication respecting flooding meadow lands, and preventing fruit trees from being peeled by calves 219 ; on a proposed stock farm 270 Liquid nianur-e, notice of 83' Little, Messrs Tristram and Hcnr'y, notice of their premium crop of spring wheat 260 Live fences, remarks on by Dr Shurtleff', 209, 273 ; by W . Kenrick, 238 Live oak, remarks on its cultivation 235 Lobelia infl.ita, the cause of poisonous cheese 51 Local attachment, causes of &c. 75 Lock jaw, remedy for 125 Locust tree, queries concerning by Mr Abel, 17; re- marks on by the Editor 17 ; preserved by Mr Bacon, against worms, by white washing, and the application of lime about their roots 18 ; report on by a Committee of the Hampshire, Hampden and Franklin Agricul- tural Society 236 ; by Mass. Agr-. Soc. 292 ; how cultivated by Mr Buckminster, 293, 365 ; objections to it) use for live fences 307 Longevity, indications of 68; of Henry .Tenkins, notice of 77; ofdifl'erent animals 157 ; several instances of 285,, 323, 392 Looker on, his list of valuable fruits 113 Lowell, John, Esq. on Ihe Napoleon and Pas5e Colmar Pears 50, 74 ; on gr-asses 242 ; on the use of bones lor manure 245 Lowell, town, great growth of 307 ; companies in 310 Lucerne grass, notices of 243, 285, 326, 342, 365 Lurrjber great quantities of shipped from Maine to the South 64 Lupin tire, observations on 81 Lupirras Polyphyllus, a new plant introduced into France 169 M. orr Major Long's Grape 266 ; notice of grafts sent by toM. H. S. 290; on the best mode of plantine fruit trses 261 Machine for making crackers, pilot bread, &c 83 ; for forming boot tops 132 ; for manufacturing wrought nails 344 ; lor planing, graving, and tonguing boards Madder, barilla and woad, query relative to their culture 219 Magnolia, several species of, remarks on by Mr Prince 137 Mangel Wurtzel, roots of a substitute for malt 45 ; its advantages over Swedish tur nip 222 ; injurious to milch cows 321 ; Mr Foster's crop of 284, 373 Mania e pota, case of 116 Manufactur-es, in Greene county 205 ; in New York 235 ; in Philadelphia 239 ; in Egypt 265 Manure, magazines of in swarrrps, ponds, ditches, &c 38 ; how obtained from peat 46 ; notice of a new kind of called Guano 54; mode of collecting in compost (ii6, 93; manure, liquid, remarks on 83; peat ashea said to be useful for 139; fallen leaves recommended for 142, 150, 350; Mr Buel's remarks on 178; bones grorrnd for recommended 197, 245 ; green crops turned in for 292 ; bog meadows for 292 ; should be put into the ground in the spring 364 ; calcareous, renrarks on 369 Mariner's Slietches 40 Martin, Plon. Wheeler, his notices of the dark day in 1780, arrd remarkable seasons 204 Mattrasses, made of moss 240 Meadows, fresh, inquiries concerning flooding of 210 ; answer to those inquiries, stating the advantages de- rived from flooding meadow land 219 Meadow, wet, how reclaimed by Mr Fov;ler 13 Mead, R. K., on the uses of leaves for manure 340 Mechanics, remarks on 5 ; and workmen, hints to from the Journal of Health 56 Melon from Spain 134 Melons, how to accelerate the maturity of 129; remarks on their cultivation 333 ; maturity of accelerated by charcoal 367 Mercantile business, directions from a parent to his son concer-nirrg 56 Merrimack manufacturing company, notice of 160 .Mezzotinto, when invented .341 Milch cows, remarks on their quaUties, conditions, &c, 245 Mildew on peach trees, &c, how prevented 365 Militia, thoughts on 88 Militia titles, fondness of Americans for 200 Milk, how prevented from becoming sour 272 Milk pans,, properties of, and stone ware recommended for 76 -Mirra, General, providential escape of 368 Mines and minerals in Vermont 319 Molasses, from sweet apples 45 ; how prepared for preserving fruit 46 Mornus, his remarks on carrots as food for horses 290 Monkey, anecdote of 416 Moonlight injurious to the eyes 75 Morning Air, good qualities of 380 Morlgrrges, remarks on, by Hon. S. C. Allen 372 Mother!, hints to, relative to the management of chil- dren 32, 48, 120 Mulberry tree, Chinese, when introduced into Priirce's collection 1 1 ; propagated and highly approved of in the south of France 24; remarks on its uses and cul- ture, by M. Perrottet 28, 106; farmers advised to plant 336 Musqurtoes, prevention of 43, 395 Mustaches, ridiculed 368 Natural History, importance of the science of 301 Natirral Scenery, remarks on 278 Navarino hats, manufacture of 208 Nectarines, exhibited 78 Nettle, utility of 206 New Zealand, notices of 112 ; New Zealaird flax, str-ength of 238 Newport .Almshouse Farm, pr'oduct of 85 New Yor-k„slatislica! fiicts concerning 174 Nitre, solution of, useful in watering carnations 15 Northwood, observations by 36 Norton, Sheldon, his letter to Gen. Dearborn 305 Novus Stricter, his remarks on wild rice 273 Nuttall, Thomas, notices of his tour through parts oftho Southern States 1 Oak wood, not so durable as chesnut 68 Oats, best way of harvesting 365 Observator, his notices of the Euonymous atropurpureus 161 October, Gardener's work to be done in 93 Oflicer, wounded, anecdote of 256 Oil of sunflower, notices of 96, 153 ; of olives, a reme- dy for stings and bruises 107 ; adulteration of sperm 109; how purified 184 Onions, accouiit oi;- Mr^ Perkins' prenrium crop of 285 Onion, magic, tree or top, notices of 182 Orange Farm, notices of improvements in 358 Orange, the blood 339, 350 Orchard grass, Mr Lowell's remarks on 242 Orchardist, an, remarks and queries by 14 Orchards, statute against tresspassers on 101; premiums clainred for from Middlesex Agr. Soc. 190 Ourang Outang 373 Our Is'eigbborhood, a work by Mrs Griffith, extracts from 398 Over feeding, disadvarrtages of 136 Oxen, at Concord Cattle Show, extraordinary strength, of 123 ; notices of large 207, 215, 293 Ox's gall will set colors 75 Oyster shells, ground, and bone manure 197" Pa>ony tree, notice of a fine specimen of 366 Paint, cheap, notice of 367 Palm leaf Hats, notice of the manufacture of 211, 333' Parents, ma.-sims for 128 Parkhurst, notices of his seed establishment 230, 231 Parsley, its culture recommended 333" Parsnips, how gathered and secured 93 ; great yield of 126 ; should be dug in the fall 165 ; observations on their culture and uses 406 Pai"sons, Gorham, Esq., on raising calves, &c 26 ; notice of scions sent by to M. H. Society 290 Pavements, improved 147 Pawtuxet Fair, and Cattle Show 24 Pe.i, native, notice of 42; Bishops new eaily dwarf 150 Peaches, early, exhibited by Mr Prince 30, 110 ; by Mr VVhitmarsh 47 ; by Mr Manning and others 54 ; by Z. Cook, jun. 62; by James Head 62 ; by Dr S. A. Shurtleff 62 ; by Mr Manning 62, 86, 95, 102 ; by Mr Richards 62, 95, 102 ; by Mr Vose 62, 95 ; by Mr Pettee 86, 1 19 ; by Mr Breed 86 ; by E. Vose 86 ; E. M. Richards 86, 119 ; Mr Wheelright, Mr Perkins 95; Mr E. Edwards 102; mode of drying 83,162 Peach orchard, notice of a large 75 Peach trees, insects which infest 15, 36,43, 5,361, 393 ; a seasonable hint concernirrg 250 ; how to keep mice from 274 ; how pruned 274 ; preserved from in- sects by charcoal 323 ; Mrs Griffith's remarks on 396. Pears, exhibited by E. D. Richards 15,30,119; by J. Prince 30, 78, 110, 174 ; by R. Howe 30, 62 ; by Dr Shurtleff' 30, 102 ; by Mr Bailies 47 ; by A. Brimmer and others 54 ; by R. Manning 62, 78, 86, 110, 118, 126, 142, 167; by B. Weld 62; by E. T. Andrews 62 ; by Mr Heath 78 ; by Mr Ward 73 ; by Mr Greene 78 ; by Mr Gibbs 86; by Mr Phipps 86, 110, 159; by Mr Downer 86,102,110, 126, 142, 150, 167; by Mr Tufts 86; by Dr Shurtleff 86 ; E. Wright 7; Saunders 86 ; W. R. Prince 86, 150; R. Toohey 94, 102, 119; A. Brimmer 94; G. G. Canning 94; D. Chandler 94 ; Gen. Dearborn 94 ; Mr Tucker 94 ; John Perry 94 ; A. Young 9, 119 ; W. Pratt 94, 142, 150; G. Parsons 94; Mr Edwards 102; Mr Paine 102; Mr Wilkinson 102 ; Mr Smith 102; J. C. Gray, Esq. 110; Hon. B. Crowninshield 110; S. G. Per- kins, Esq. 110, 134; Mr Joy 118; Mr Stearns 119; Mrs Chaplin 119; A. D. Williams 119; H. Colman 134 ; Mr Phinney 134 ; Dr Shurtleff" 134 ; S. Lathrop, Esq. 134 ; Otis Pettee 134; Mr Burr 142 ; Mr Web-- ster 142; Wm Pratt, jun. 142; Mr J. B. Joy; the Colmar Dewez, noiice of 199; description of several sorts o(, by W. R. Prince 41, 49, 73; St Michael, re- niarks on 81; the Burlingame, notice of 82 ; by Mr S. Hyde 126; several sorts of from Prince's Catalogue 165, weighing 35 oz. Pear trees, remarks on an insects which infest 2, 5, 35, 136, 361, 374; on the cause of blight in, by Agricola 5 ; remarks on applying br-rne to the roots of to destroy insects 18; on the different causes of blight in 21; wrong names of 25, 38, 41 ; on the unproduc tiveness of 81, 105; on the causes of their destruction 137; Mr Buel's remarks on disease in 177; observations on blight in 361 ; small wor-rns on, how destr'oyed 374 Pearls, notices of 16 ; ar'tifi'cial, how made in China 240 Peas, third crop of green, in November 142 ; early, how raised 270; notices of early 335; on their cultivatiou 334 ; remarks on cooking, &.c 394, 413 WDEX. ^Pest, on its use as a manure 4C ; ashes of, useful as a manure I3S J>crkinii, Samuel G. notice of his exhibition of fruit 19 Perkins, Joseph, notice of his preuiiuin crop of onions 285; see apples, pears and poaches, description of his appa- ratus for lieaiin;; hot houses with hot water 3()2, 37S; remarks on his article by the Editor 3ti(» Perrotel, on the Ciiioese Mulbeiry U>6 Perry, Gardner B. his conuuuuication relative to raising calves, &c 25 Petrifactions discovered in the Mohawk valley 235 Pettee, Otis liis notice of preserved Rhubarb, presented to the Editor 2oi Philadelphia, census of 133. Philosopliy in a poor woman 141. Phinney, Elias, Esq. notices of his improvements in farm- ing 22 ; his improved roller, description and cut of 22 ; his Address before the Middlesex Society of Husband- men and Manufacturers 217, 225 ; remarks on said Ad- -dre-ss by the Editor 221 ; his directions for jilanting Torn on greenswards 266. Pickles, condemned as unhealthy 126. Pigeons, swift flight of 80. Pieplant, cultivation and uses of 220. Pine, New Holland, gre.it height of 325. Place, Enoch, his method of preserving cabbage plants from worms 3()9. Planting on greensward, directions concerning 266. Plants, new specimens of, collected by Mr Nultall 1 ; on preserving through the winter, by the temperature of spring water t-6. Plalina, observations on the coining of 280, plum, Mr Prince's remarks on its culture 101 ; on the irost gage 196. Plums, exhibited by Rufus Howe, Gen. Dearborn, Stc. 18 54 ; from Messrs Downer, Prince, Gardner, and Man- ning 30, 78 ; by Mr Manning and Mr Pond 47, 62 ; samples of from C. Stearns 50; by Mr Hovey 63; by Mr Fiske 63 ; by Mr Edwards 63 ; by Mr Derby 78 ; Messrs Winships 86. Plum tree, great produce from 118; mistake concerning corrected 137. Poetry, The Course of Culture, by T. G. Fessenden, a song sung at the second anniversary of the Mass. Hor. Soc. 7S; Beauty, lines on 72; Song 80; on War 80 ; Epitaph on T. Kemp 80 ; Description of a Cow SO ; The Midnight Mail 96 ; The Concord Cattle Show a04; Autumn Woods 112; The Dying Child 120; Songs written for the Merrimack Agricultural exhibi- tion, by J. B. Moore, Esq. and George Kent 128 ; 1 Tired of Play 136 ; Autumnal Scenery 144; Cottage Contrast 152 ; Thanksgiving Hymn 160 ; The Ant and the Cricket, 216; New England 216; Signs of Prosperity 191 ; The Accepted 192 ; The Carrier's Ad- dress 200 ; Childhood 208 ; Speed the Plough 208 ; Hymn of the Moravian Nuns &.c. 224 ; Moonlight 232; The Farmer's Vernal Ode 288 ; I'm not a single man 296 ; Mrs Hood's reply 312 ; The Refuge 328 ; Artifice ■336 ; The Spring Journey 344 ; Incomprehensibility of God 352 ; Nothing to do 360 ; The False One 368 ; Mother of Washington 376 ; Printing Office Melo- dies 384 ; Departure of the Pioneer 342 ; Melody 400 ; The Three Homes 408 ; Jonathan and John Bull, a fes- tive song 416. Poisons, animal, including that of a mad dog, cured by chlorine 36 ; effects of on vegetables 177 ; from weeds and potato tops 214. Poiteau.on the Chinese mulberry 106; extracts from his lecture on Fruit Trees 297, Polishing substance, a cheap 227. Politeness in children &o. 357. Politics for farmers 241, 249, 257, 265. Pomeroy, S. W. his communication on Champaigne cur- rant wine 402. Ponceau, Peter S. Du, his letter to Gen. Dearborn on the culture of silk 57; Pool, John and Horace, report on their premium pro-tractors 132. Pork, and bacon, remarks on curing 19G. Potato cheese, recipe for making 20. Potatoes, early, premium awarded for to Mr Pond 60 ; how gathered and secured 93 ; great produce of 106, 134; experiments in planting 106 ; great product from a single one 106 ; food for horses 150; 31 different sorts of uses of 205 ; partly boiled supply the place of soap 365 ; remarks on new varieties of, byMrTidd 210 ; remarks on their culture, by T. A. Knight 213 ; premium crop of, by Mr Williams 261 ; an economi- cal mode of raising early 348. Potato onion, remarks on, by S. R. 25 ; how cultivated 134 ; new, presented by Mr Pond 395. Potato starch, notices of manufactories of 233, 355. Potato, sweet, a new variety of 3S8 ; remarks on the preservation of 394. Poultry, meal and boiled potatoes proper food for 142; remarks on, by the Editor 254, 278, 293, 318, 341 ; management of 379. Practices, unseasonable and dangerous 48. Prince, John, on keeping bees in the upper stories of houses, bams, &c. 310,3.38. Piincc, William R. on the introduction into this country of the Chinese mulberry tree 11; on wrong names given to some pear trees cultivated near Boston 25, 4!), 100, 112, 124 ; his notices of several sorts of pears 41, 49, 72 ; remarks on the best time for transplanting trees 100 ; on the culture of the plum 101 ; on several kinds of magnolia and abele 137 ; his description of the Ambrette and Echassery pears, 140 ; review of his treatise on the vine 145 ; his notices of several kinds of fcuit brought to New York maiket 158 ; his remarks on the season 101 ; his description of Stevens' Gene- see pear, and other pears 165, 173, 189, 212; on the frost gage plum 196 ; on the blood orange 350. Prince, Messrs, notice of iheir Linnsean garden 397. Printers, unrequited labors of 205; enthusiasm of 239. Pump, newly invented, by Mr Hale, report on 132. Pumpkins, large, notices of 155 ; how cultivated 334 ; their use recommended 341. Punctuality, the want of condemned 157. Putnam, General, anecdote of 51. Quakers, morals of 373. Q. B. on making and curing hams 324. Quince, remarks on its culture and uses 224. Quinces, exhibited by Mr Prince 150. R. his remarks relative to tumors in horses 253. Radishes, how best raised 375. Rail road, of Manchester and Liverpool 149, 238, 277 ; notices of, in the Western and Southern States 204 ; Hudson and Mohawk 206 ; not obstructed by snow 219 ; carriage on, moved 64 miles in 58 minutes 219 ; of South Carolina 245 ; several notices concerning 277, 301, 320, 332, 349, 355, 357. Rattle snake, a remarkable 27. Rats, a mode of destroying 18. Recipe, for the bite of a snake 5 ; to destroy insects that infest peach trees 5, 323 ; for delirium tremens 5 ; for a gooseberry puddmg 6 ; lor Boston puddings 6; for red currant jelly 7 ; for raspberry jam 7 ; for black cake 7 ; for cockroaches 7 ; for softening hard water 7 ; to remove a tight stopple from a decanter 11 ; for drinking cold water when heated 15; to remove water spots from black crape veils 15 ; to make very strong vinegar 15 ; for making potato cheese 20 ; for^hoven cattle 24, 123; for burns and scalds 27 ; for cuts with an edge tool 27 : for making dyspepsia bread 27 ; to prevent horses from being teased with flies 27 ; to re- store the beauty of brick buildings 27 ; for botts in horses 30 ; for preserving vegetables green until win- ter 36, 42 ; for destroying caterpillars 36 ; for slabber- inir in horses 42 ; for stings and bruises 43 ; for worms in°peach trees 43 ; for destroying slugs 43 ; for burns and scalds 45, 222 ; for ring worms 45 ; for the croup 45 ; for the whooping cough 54 ; to preserve cheese against mites 53 ; for a cough 56 ; lor poisoned ani- mals 59 ; to remove a tight stopple from a decanter ^4 ; to cut glass vessels in two 04 ; for destroying red anls 64 ; several for water proof cement 71 ; for setting colors 75 ; for making Gombo, a West India dish 75 ; to preserve dead game 77 ; for destroying rats 78 ; for making vegetable extracts 83; for scratches in horses 85 ; for preserving apples 8-' ; for making elderberry syrup 85 ; to remove water spots from black silk veils 115; for ring bone and spavin in horses 124; for lockjaw 125; for cattle bloated, hoven or swollen 133 ; for making sour kraut, or salted cabbage 139 ; for itching feet 140 ; for sick head ache 144; for hydro- phobia 36, 150 ; for preserving iron from rust 154 ; for preserving grain from mice 162; for horses which have been heated 172; of a composition for the shoes of gardeners 173 ; for the glanders in horses 174 ; for painting wood 174 ; for preserving the wood of wheel work 184 ; for purifying oil 184 ; for frost bitten feet 199; for ladies' rheumatism 214; for consumption 235 ; to remove spots of grease, pitch, or oil from woollen cloth 235; to destroy weevils among corn 237 ; for sore throat and cold 238 ; for sore mouths in horses 243 ; for making cows become dry 246 ; for a disease in sheep 260 ; of a composition for preserving gates, pales, barns, &c. 264; a varnish to preserve insects 264 ; for extracting a blue color from buckwheat straw 272; to prevent milk from becoming sour 272; ■ for securing timber from decay 272 ; to remove ice I from door steps 272 ; for a soar throat 272 ; for chil- blains 272 ; for a felon 272 ; for wounds inflamed by taking cold 272 ; for curing the scab in sheep 276 ; for preserving eggs 278 ; lor lice in cattle 258 286; for salt rheum 291 ; for making sympathetic ink 304; for removing hoarseness 323; for making hams 324 ; for feeding calves 324 ; for consumption 3'25 ; for pre- serving eggs 341 ; for preserving hams 357; for pre- venting mildew on peach and nectarine trees 365 ; for destroying insects 365, 360 ; for worms in horses 366 ; for a paint for garden fences, &c. S73 ; for making Champaigne currant wine 402 ; for the sting of a bee 407 ; for an ox strained by overdrawing 415. Reed, Alexander on sheep husbandry 170 Reynolds, S. his remarks on twitch grass, and a plaster for trees 329 R. G. on gathering and preserving herbs 81 ; on bees 289 Rheum, Salt, recipe for 291 Rhubarb, preserved, notice of 253 ; on forcing and blanching 291 Rice, time and manner of its introduction into America 53 ; wild, queries and remarks on 274, 299 Rich man, miseries of 155 Richardson, Francis, report on his farm 182 Ring worms, cure for 45 Pi 1, his remarks on the importance of botanical knowledge 252 Roads, how made through snow in Sweden 227 ; premi- um offered for 307 Robbins, G. P. on security against canker worms 410 Rocrers, Wm. S. notice of his present ot seeds to Mass. Hor. Soc. 302 Roller, improved by E. Phinney, Esq. 22 ; a cheap, how constructed 313 ; remarks on the form of 361 Roots, on gathering and preserving 77 Roseberry, earl of,"his letter to Gen. Dearborn, S23 Rose bug, Dr Harris' remarks on 1 Roses, translation of a French treatise on their culture 33 ; sliow of at Messrs Winships, 366 Rotation of crops in gardening, remarks on .304 Rustic, A, his inquiry relative to Milch Cows 259, 337; on cooking green peas &c. 394 Ruta baga, great crop of by Mr Colman, 284 ; remarks on as food for cows .321 Rye, on the cultivation of 37 ; description and effects of the spur in 92 ; great crop of 239 ; premium crop of by R. Adams, Jr. 261 Sago an article of luxury in China 15 Salmon fishery, remarks on 61 Salsify, culture and mode of cooking of 162 Salt, usually sent to market too soon after its manufac- ture 45 ; as a manure for peas 106 ; put into the bot- tom offence posts 191 ; Mr Buel's rem,irks on its use as a manure 177; useful, for milch cows 185; how given to cattle and sheep 365 Salt water discovered in the interior of Penn. 163 Sand, non conducting powers of 15 Salt hay, inquiries concerning 210 ; answer to said in- quiries 220 ; remarksonby Agricola 228 ; observation!! on by Schoosctt 233 Sauerkraut, or salted cabbage, how made and its use« 139 Salt-petre, taken by mistake instead of salt, fatal conse- quences from 323 Salt rheum, cure for 291 Sawyer Lemuel, on the Scuppernong Grape 163 S. C. his remarks on the m.iufacture of bass matting 824 Schools, public notice of 147 Schooselt, his remarks on salt hay 233 Scythes, sharpening of, an impoved rifle for 71 Seakale, on forcing and blanching 291 Seasons, at Ciiiciiin,iti 10; n-tices of45, IGl; in Penn- sylvania 170 ; recollections of former 2()5 ; in the Slate of Illinois 229; remarks on by Dr Green, .322 ; further remarks on 349 ; by the Roxbury Farmer 350 ; in Maine, remarks on 369 Sedgwick, Theodore, Esq. extracts from his address 244 Seeds, a mode of preserving 60 ; fall sowing of re- (ommemled 62 Sensitive plant, notice of 398 September, farmer's work for 54 Sergeant, S. his notice of an extraordinary milch cow 283 Shakers, or United Society, notice of 248 Sheep, number of in England, France, and Spain 85 ; notice of prolific 171 ; great numbers diseased in Eng- land. Scotland, &c. 179; remarks on a disease in by L. W. Briggs, Esq. 260 , remedy for the scab in 275 ; tar useful for 365; anecdotes of by the Ettrick Shep- herd 410; management of in Spain 411 Sbephardia, a new'kind of Fruit tree, notices of 326, 331 Shoos, lijrlit, (ii^;i(lva1itaf:es of 35 Shrubbery, (lilK,Tniit sorts of producing a succession of (lowers from spring to autumn 74,84, 92, Itfl Shurtleff, Dr Benjamin, on an improvement in grafting 136; on live fences 209; on post and rail fences &c. 223 ; letter lo from Mr Kirk, on live fences 2y7 ; on live fences, purMling trees &c. 273 Sick head ache, remedy for 144 Silk, remarks on its culture by Gen. Dearborn, 27; 4 tons of raised in Connecticut last seison30; culture of near Troy 43 ; successfully cultivated in Philadel- phia by Mr D'Homergue 51, 76; remarks on by A Wanderer 58, 90 ; specimen of by Mr Rapp 58 ; pro- gress in its culture by J. H, Cobb, King grass grounds, remarks on 234 Town, a thrivmg 237 Townsend, Jno. his communication on bees, wounded fruit trees, and winter grain 402 Trees and shiubs may be transplanted as soon as the summer heat is over, &c 51 ; description of producin"- a succession of flowers from spring to autumn 74, 84, 92; best transp'anted in autumn 100,162; spring re- commended for transplanting 124 ; a mode of trans- planting recommended by Mr Winship 130 ; Mr Buel's directions for transplanting 131, 177; inscrip- tions cut on 172; cow dung a good salve for 177; how planted in Turkey, &c, and planting of in U. S. re- commended 177; best laiode of transplanting 178; a large tree, notice of 231 ; their cultivation recom- mended 237 ; forest and woodland, remarks on by .Mr Welles 316; should be left standing on the tops and sides of bills 358 ; remarks on the planting of, by M. 361; useful and ornamental should beset out 365; how to make fruitful on Mr Knight'splan 370; should not be felled from the tops and sides of mountains 392; on cutting for reproduction 395 Trouble, how to shake off 240 Tulips, notice of 380 Tumors in horses 234, 253 Turkey-bog cornfield, notice of 42, 56 Turkey, the, how raised and fattened 318 Turner, John B. hi? remarks on bees 299 Turnips, as food for ewes with lamb, query whether in- jurious 35 ; how used to forward the vegetation of young plants 286 ; how preserved from the fly 321 ; wood ashes should be sowed over at time of coming up 374 Turnip-rooted cabbage, its culture for cows 321 Twitch or couch grass, query concerning 299 ; remedies against 329,331 Tyler, Aaron, on a disease in cattle 161 Urine, useful as a manure for wheat 294 Valley of Connecticut, pr-eparing seed corn in tar 370 Vegetable extract, how made in France 83 Vegetable physiology, remarks on by Prof. Lindlcy 18 Vegetables, on preserving for winter's use 26, 42; brought from a distance, and kept some time on hand are unhealthy 75; on gathering and preserving 77; large, exhibited at the Merrimac Agricultural eihibi- tion 131 ; effect of poison on 177 Venus' Fly trap, a :,ingular flower 149 Vermont, communication from 241 Viator, his communication ou sjiayed cows 305 Vicinus, his remarks on salt hay 220 Vine, observations on, from Prince's Treatise 60; soils proper for 144; review of Mr Piince's Treatise on 145; lai'ge, growing on the farm of lsaac,Jones 172 ; stripped of its leaves in autumn, vegetates the sooner in spring 177; new varieties of by Mr Tidd 210; Mr Uoiisall's letter on its culture 307, 315 ; planlinLC of in yards 325 ; how propagated by Mr Longworth 355 Vineyaid, Loubai's notice of 47 Vinton, Thomas, notice of his improved cooking grate (>!i Viiis, his remarks on a premium for the best mode ut training vines 391 ; answer to the same 395 W. his communication relative lo vegetable physiology 18; on a cornfield at Turl^ey Bog 58; on the culture of silk 196 ; on short horned stock 281, 299 Wagon, Clark's, patent notices of 34 Walnuts, exhibited by Mr Downer 111, 142 Walnut tree, grafiing of i-ecomniended 60 Wanderer, a, his couunumcation on tioney and silk 58, 90 ; on the uses of a garden, manner of obtaining an or- chard, &c 178 Ware, Erastus, his premium farm 268, 27G, 300 VVaie, Paul, his remark on the culture of silk 212 Warming houses, remarks on 204 Warren, Dr, remarkable case stated by 256 Warren, J. his notices of great produce of potatoes 106 Watch, a transparent 136 Water, medical virtues of 36; cures wounds ib. ; drink* ing of at night among the .Aiabs 53 ; remarks on the freezing of 179; how drawn from a well by Tartars 349 ; simple means of purifying 379 ; cold, cautions to be used in drinking 389 Water cress, remarks on 11 Water tnelon seeds poisonous 59 W. B. recommends transplanting trees in spring 124; his remaiks on blight in pear trees 361 Weather, observations on prognostications of 154 ; very cold in the state of New York 230 Weazel, anecdotes of the 8 Weeding young crops, remarks on 411 Weeds, which grow between paving stones, &c, method' of destroying 169 ; advantages to be derived from th& destruction of 372 Weevils among corn, how destroyed 237, 355 , Well, mode of throwing light into 43 Welles, lion. John, his observations on the Free Martin 62; on Woodland and Forest Trees 316 Wheat, new insect found in 21, 42 ; heavy kind of 42 ; new variety of from Hon. R. Rush 139; great quan- tity of raised m Sing Sing, N. Y. 157; how raised by S. L. 161 ; Mr Buel's remarks on 177 ; remarks on by a New York Farmer 185 ; Spring, inquiries respecting piemiumsfor 259; premium crop of by Messrs Little 260; how cultivated 24,302; Judge Bales' remarks on 324; Mr Taylor's remarks on reaping 396; how raised by Jno. Townsend 403; intended for seed should be thoroughly ripe 409 Wheeler, Abner, report on his farm 122 Wheeler, Benjamin, on fowls in gardens 1 White, Mr, his statement of a cure for consumption 325 White washing recommended 340 White beet, remarks on 275 Whortleberries, a sloop load of sold in N. York 47 Williams, Payson, Esq. notice of his premium crop of potatoes 261 Wild rice, remarks on by Novus Stricter 273 Winchester, cattle slaughtered at his establishment 239 Windmill at South Boston, proposed to be erected 337 Window blinds, improved mode of hanging 399 Wines, domestic remarks on 9 ; from native grapes 44 Winship, Jonathan, on transplanting trees 130; his mode of destroying Canker worms 374 Winter in Halifax 237 Winter grain, rules for raising 403 \V*oods, fancy, of different colors, &c 68 Wood of wheel work, he, recipe for preserving 184; for fire, economy in the use of 233 Wolf, John D. 2d, on great produce from bees 49 Woman, Ameriean, character of 51 ; cannot be taught too much arithmetic 59 Woodward, Dr Samuel, profitable cows exhibited by 172 Wool trade in Germany 129; in London 179; notice of sales of 206 ; improvement in the quality and quantity of 235 ; bought on the backs of sheep 251 ; remarks on the fluctuating price of 415 Wounds, cured by cold water 36 Wright, Anthony, on the culture of silk 19 NEW ENGI.AND FAKMB3R PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL. AT NO 5"2 .NORTH MARKET STREET, (at thk Agricui.ti kal Waiii h..u5E.)— T. G. FESSENDE.N, EDITOR. VOL. IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY 23, 1830. AG. 1. FOR THE NEW KNGI.ANl' FARHEK. To the Honorable Board of fisiters of the Profcssorshb of JVaturiU llistury. Gentlemen — In CDiiinliaiicu wl li your reqiieit, I beg leave to cider the follnwiiig statement joi- curiihig my late tour tlirougli parls uf ilie Suiili- erii Slates wliicli I liad not heretofore visited. On arriving at Charlfr.ton, S. C, I connnrjctd my pedestri.-iii journey, and proceeiled to Aui;ii>n, ill Georgia, thence to Alaeon, aCterwanls taColun- bns, at the FalLs of the Chatahootshee, on tlie lile of the tjtate ; I then ci ntiiined throngh tiie Creik reservation t> the town of Monlgnniery, in Alala- Ria, and at length arrived at Tuskaloo.sa, the ca)i- tal of that State ; 1 now proceeded to Cahatia aid Greenville, and entering I'^lorida not fur from Pei- Eacola, continued to Tallahassee the capital, frou whence I leturned tlirough the I ivver part a, have safety arrived al the Botanic Garden, and many of the plants are growing, aiiioiig which are included several that are oriia- mental and rare as well as new. FOWLS IN GARDENS. Mr Fesse.nden — Ever since I was a boy there las been a strange prejmlice against fowls visit- iig the gardens. The practice generally among frincrs in managing their fowls is to feed them diriiig the winter, and at the return of spring, tley are allowed to rove over the farm in quest of food, and if, driven by the calls of hunger, they apply those instrunieiils wiiich naitne lias supplied them with, to search for those insects vvhicli lie concealed in the earth, waiting to prey escape. This punishment has been various, ac- cording to the humanity of the judges; some- iimes by cutting the niidiile toe ofT, sometimes by hooting, and even death itself. As I was brought jp with all those prejudices, it was a long time I of July. Immense numbers of these insects lefore I could overcome them after my reason .vas convinced ; but happily for the benefit of my ;rops ill the garden, I have entirely overcome jiipon all the frUits of the garden as soon as they Among them are several fine .species and varie- make their afipearance above ground, sentence ties of Phlox, not yet cultivated ; a very showy is immediately pronounced against them, and such new species of //or5c-c/ic5ni(?, with scarlet flowers ; is the severity of the law that they very seldom several perennial large species of Helianlhus or Sun-flower ; several new species of Silphium, Rudbeckin, and eight or ten kinds of Liatris ; sev- eral species of Solidago, Aster, and Vernonia, pecu- liar to the Soiitb ; also Amsonia angustifolia, Poda- lyria perfoliata, P. unifora, ifc. Coreopsis senifulia, and a new species allied to it, C. *stdlata ; Cantua coronopifotia ; a new suftVuticose Cactus, with large flowers, believed to be hardy ; a new Con- volvulus, with large tuberous roots ; an undescribed narrow leaved Yucca, Y. *ligulata ; the s|ilendid Silene regia ; the Sensitive Briar, (Schrnnkia horri- dulii); a remarkable new species of Snrracenia ; an undescribed shrubby hardy Croton, Zornia let. rapht/lta ; anew perennial iiupui, Zi. *stiigosits; the splendid Asimina grandiftora, or lari^e flowtred Popaw, discovered by the late celebrated Wm. Bartram, never before cultivated ; believed to je hardy, being the rarest and most beautiful si rub II the United States ; also the Asimina pygm(Eo, of he same author ; Kuhnia crilonia ; Allium odor- Ham, Mnlvn cordata,a\i unde.scribed species ; fien- ia.na alba ; a Tiphrosia, Eupatorium album, a !ew 'hri/sopsis and Actinomeris ; a new pereimial \rr- laceoiis Sida ; Sinilni pubescens, S. laurifolia ; an itidescribed large LfUhi/rus ; Hi)ptis capilata, Hi- biscus scaber, with a large yellow flower and di'C)) •urple centre. Several Lobdias, Polygala liAta; labor that iiiaMkiiid have, and wiil not work unless driven to it liy hunger. Another gii;at cause of our siifl'cring so iniidi by insecis, is that the birds are almost all destroy- ed by sporismcn and wanton bo\s. All ii.'seita are made by our ill-wise Creator for aonie wise and gooil purpose, and if the feathered tribe are all destroyed, the insects which were made for their food, will increase, and prey upon ilie fruits of the earth. Your.s, with respect, BENJ. WHEELER.' Framir.gham, July 16, 1830. INSECTS. To the Publishing Committee of the Mass. Hort. Society Gentlemen — I beg leave to lay before you a few observations respecting insects. The rose-bug, MeloloMha subspinosii, V It com- mences its ravages in ibis piace (7 miles south of Bostim) at the time the damask rose puts forth its blossoms. 1'be following is a iiiemorandnm of the first appearance of this destructive insect for sev- erul years past. 1822, June 10, 1823, ' 20, 1824, ' 15, 1825, ' 10, 1826, ' «>. 1827, ' 10, 1828, ' 10, 1829, ' ' 1^. 1830, ' ' 12. Eacl; W.diyidual lives about three weeks before the i-gits .nie deposiieu, soon after wl:.»;!; Li,i!i males and feinali.s die. As all the rosebiigs do not make their appearance at once, but continue to' increase in iiinnbc!- for sever; ' days in succes- sion, the whole duration of the species, or the time in which we are afflicied with this scourge, is ex- tended to 30 or even 40 ilays; the work of de- struction, however, is finisheil, aiul the greater number disappear in the space of 4 weeks. This year, and in this vicinity, we shall probably find that the rose-bugs have nearly left us by the 22d observed here in the years IS2.S, 1826, and 18-^7 ■ since which time they have been gradually de- creasing, and are now still less numerous and more hem : but with all my precepts and examples, I scattered. lave not as yet been able to convince one of my | On the contrary, the caterpillars of the apple neighbors. tree, ( Lasiorampn castrtnsis, L.) which bad been If my fowls, after clearing all the bugs and few in numbers for several year.-*, have returned vermin from my garden, resort to my neighbors, upon us iij hosts. The canker, worm (Geomelra inquest of iiisect.s, the dogs are set on to them, or vernaln, Pkckj has not yet arrived here, nor has it stones, or clubs are sent to drive them home, j been necessary to use any precautions against it .My practice is in the spring to call the fowls into for 13 years past. As the male of the canker the garden, and feed them there. All sumirier worm moth is an insect of feeble pnwera of flight, ihey follow the plough, sp.nde and hoe, and pick up , and the female is destitute of wiii^s, and therefore every worm and mischiveous insect that comes incapable of transporting herself to a distance, it in sight. By that means my garden is almost en- seems that the migrations of the species itiu.-t be tirely free from them. 1 have not seen a single very slow, and their ravages will, accordinglv, be plant cut off by the worms this season. Formerly I have been obliged to set my cabbage plants, many of ihem two or three times over, besides the trouble of taking the worms every morniug. I usually feed my fowls every day, ami very sel- dom have any thing scratched up in the garden. confined to the particular localities in which ihey first appear, for a long time before places at a dis- taiice Irom these will siifTir from their visitation.-!. Wc sbiiuld nil, however, watch narrowly fur the first appearance of the evil ; and resort, without hesitation, to tl«e otdy known and efleclual remedy. I'or I find that fowld have the eame aversion to which consists in the careful and repeated applica- 2 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, July 23,1830. lion of tar, bolli in ll.-! sprin- i.nil e«rly (."rt °f winter ; nnd, wlieii ll.v insecMs nre nuint^ioug, it „,ay be necessary to tar bolli intlie aCtcrnuon iiiul late hi the evfiiinfe'. ' Mijrli has lit-eii eaul respprlin;,' nn insect winch ntta< ks Harli-v, ami several i-onnnnnicalions^ on th ■ s.il.ject liave l.een puWisacil in the New Eng- land Fann-r. Through llie polifness of Cheeyer Newhall, L^-^q. I ohiaiiieM a few pie.es of .li ■ domyia dcslmdor, Sav,) and wheat fly, {C. (niici, ri-s of fittle spine« .-rossing it. , exterior half " . :' , I This insect belimys to the genus JEgena, wel' That it is of the same genus tnay be conjectnr- known as coniainin- in it ll,e noxious hnrer olihe cd frotn the siniih.rity of hal.it, an.l from its hav-| p.aeh tree. The species bears a co„8,deu,bU. .v- in- a sinnlar parasite. The Hessian fly deposits, semblance lo t1,e male of that insect a.,d .s s,> 1 ,d the grul« proceeding therefrom arel n,ore like li.e cnrrant bnsh ^fi-ma, bnt m .mie through mimiie perforations which they gnawed for that purpose. Seven of these liltle lioles were counted iii a jiiece of straw only i.alfauinch in leii-th. The perfect insects con- tinued to lel-ase themselves from tbeir confiue- nieiit till ihe 5tli of Julv, since which no more have been seen. Mi.eh to my surprise these insects proved to belong to those called by Limiieus M- ncuinnis miaut?, luiuuto ieliuenmous, which are I,arasilie,or prey, in the larva state, upon the bodies of oth.'r insects. I had hoped lo have ob- tained Ihe true cu'prits, whirl, probably :irc allied to Ihe fhssviit flies, but the ichneumon had attack- ed them, depositing an egg in every one, the lar- va; frmii wliich bad destroyed those of the fly, and, liavinn completed tbeir metamorphoses, have, as b'eforo said, made tbeir escape from the straw in the pel feet slate. From this slight diflerence in the mode of altio k it would appear that the insects are not idriitical ; and this conjecture is still fuitlier slreugtbened by ihe fact that the parasite of the Harley insect %s not the same spenies as that of the Hessbiu fly. A.'i-eeably to established usage A spfeeifie name and 'character may here be given to this newly discovered parasitic ins-ct. Irhneumon] Hordei. Black, slightly bairv ; bead Mud thorax granulated, abdomen smoi.tli, polished ; thighs at tip, legs and feet at base pale sebreous yellow. Length abmit twelve liniidrcdlhs ol an inch. We bave^-eason to believe that the grubs ol the Barley fly remain in the straw during winter, and that they assume iheir perfect forms in tlie si.rin", in sp.asou to deposit their egL'S on the ynung Barley. It is therefore essential to ,.revent their assuming the ).erfect state, and this may be done by burning the stubble, which contains many of them, in the autumn, by des;royiug, m the same wav, all the straw and refuse which is nifit for fodder, and by keeping the grain in close vessels over one year. In this way the insects, which are disclosed from thu small heavy pieces laller than either of tliein. It may be named uid defined. Mgeria Pyri. Body black, with a bluish ploes ; pilpi, brea.-t, fore le-is, intermediate and posterior llighs and feet, (except at lip.) and three narrow hauls aeross the abdomen pale golden yellow. Wbgs iraiis|iarent in the middle ; ihe nerviin-s, inaigiu", together with the broail tip and small trail verse s.uiiewhat Iriaiignlar band in the iiii- leriin- ones covered wiih opaque brownish scales aiij hairs. A small metallic spot on ilie tnins- verse baiiil near tlii^ posterior" margin, and the lip exlibirm^' some nieiallic reflLCiions.— Length three ten lis of an ineb. With much respect, Your humble servant, Milton, July 10, 1330. T. W. II.\RRIS- iE.MARKS ON V K G E T A B L E S- [Cuntinued.j TEA. Mills informs us in bis History of India, that the Higlish Kast liidii Company sent iheir first order firtea in the year 1667-S. «heii they ordered iheir igents 'to send home by their ships one hundred^ i)ounds weight of the best ley that j.m can get ;» ifmd in the year 1676-7, tea to the value of one ~ - - - '■.^"[hundred dollars was ordered on the Company's of straw remaining unwinnowed from the g'""n'L(.,.„„|,t. will perish without an opportunity of escape. Worlidgn informs us in his Vinetum Brilanm- There is an insect which has lately '-ecu disJ ^^^^ ^^,,^j^.,j ^^.^^ published in 1675, that ' Mr •overed in the trunks of the pear tree, '"''•"''"^-nio'mas Garway, in Exchange-alley, near |lie beneath the bark. pear trt It is said that considerable ii These little ichneumons were examined and jury has carefully compa.e.l with descriptions of other simibir insects, whence it ai.pears that they are a species, which have nol yet been described. They are very mm li like the parasitic insect which at- tacks tfie grubs of the Hessian fly, belong to the same genus, but are rather larger insects, of a jet bliek color, exeej>t the legs, which are blackish, wiih pale yellow j..iiits. Tlie female is thirteen hundredths of an inch in length, the male is rather siniller These miunle insects, then, are among our friends ; they are those which an all-wise and nrovi lent Creator has ni)|K.inle.l to cluck the in- crease of the fly that attacks our Barley; and,jtl thoiiMi disappointed in olnaining the latter in iti perfe'i-t Slate, I bail with pleasure the appear ance of its mortal enemy. Althongh the BorU.y fly has not been obtained in the perfect slate, there does not exist the small- est doubt in my nnnd that it is a two-winged in sect like lUo' Hessian fly of Aiiieii pupa-sUin sticking half way ..lit of the h.de in the |^|.^^,,g|,j ;, f^,..^ ,„ l.:ur..pe. bark, wheri? it was retained by the transverse se- j^^ ^j^^ prin'.e.l cir.'ular alluded to, Thomas Gar- f Obiections are sometimes .naile a-jjainst scion- tific names, but in this age of inquiry and know- ledge no one can reasonably object to jjiving Us proper name to any naturnl object, as this designates •ii.a ».... ..... I it much more correctly and unequivocally than any Anyone who popular or vulgar appellations. The propriety of J '. . _ 1- 111 t.« ^./.-innt tr. tKf^GP who reflect V one WHO popular .M viu^.i. •■.yi^^ - - . • a . : -■■ , ■ , . r .1 ,.,.„ l.,ne,- with this proceeding will be evi.lent to those who reflect wdl c.m.pare the l"story of the two att. . with tlus^ P^_^_^^^^^ ,^l indefinite, and mulliphed are wlinr is known of the Baib'V insect, will tirrive ai „f~,i.o „„„„lnr ..nines .riven lo insects. what is known of th the sime concbisi..n. Boll, the Hessian fly and B irley insect make tb.ir attack upon the culms or liaidms of our cereal pn.duclions, which they disfigure and injure to a great extent; and both have a similar f..nr-wiiiged parasitic iehnenmon nppropiiati'.l lo ihem. In addition lo this state- ment the f..llowing coiij.-ctnre-, in difiiilt of fa.ts, may be ofl"er.Ml. It is probable that the Barley insect is a distirict species of the same g.niis (Cc- cidomyia,) to which belong the Hessi.-ii. .My, [Ced manv of the popular nnines given lo insects \ This insect is not an Ichneumon as the genus now stands ; but, as there are some doubts relative to its (me place in the modern arrangement of these . oflTers his tea for sale, from sixteen to fifty shillings per pound. Sir Kenelin Digby, in Ms Book of Receipts ,8 vo London 1669,) has the f..ll..wing notice of ancvvino,le of makinu' tea. 'The Jesuile that CMue from China, anno 1664, told Mr Waller, (Ihe Poet,) that there ihey use tea sometimes in ibis maMer. To near a pint of the infusion take two volk- of new-hii.l eggs, an.l beat tb.'m ve.-y well with as niiicl. fine, sugar as is snttieient for this ipiaiitily of Ihpior; when they are vei-y well in- to its true place in the modern arrangement oi mese .p...'....v >. -m insects I prefer retainins it in the old genus to corp.rate.l, pom the t. a upon in • -^ /^ which Linna^ns would have referred it. Mr Say and siir then, w.dl t..getlier, and so .liink it hoi, would probably call it a Ceraphron, while I am rath- ,i,ig |s good in :. morning, or wli.'n one letinns Pr disposed to arrange it, and the parasite o<^ ^'e [ i^^^i^ r,„jj,„e,, ,„„| faint ; in which case n plens- Ilessinn fly, in the genus Euryhma, .as |l'-fin'^'l''y i y„t,,.heverage dees not exist.' Laticille nnd Dalinnnn. It may be mentioned that . ..^ „^j,,.p'„,,, ,,„A lo servp it in n genteel nnd this bitle i .sect possesses the power of leapn.g "^"M „.„;eful" manner, is an uccumplishinent in which without any enlargement of the posterior thighs. g.atetui mannc, i» i Vol.lX. — No.l. AND IlOin ICULTiJRAL JOUUNAL. 3 l)i'0|ilc of lioth scxt'S ill Jiip.ii) are iiistriirlcil by nuistors, in ilie samo iiiiimn r iis l'",uni|ic.iiis in danriii;.', ami utiiur liraiirliis of polite oiliii ulioii. '1 lie Cliiiusc pour liol water npuii llie trii, an h person on a tray, with the cups and sugar, for when made out of the room, all its reviving spirit has evapo- rated before it lyaches the guest. It is not the l)itt(!riies8, but lliu fragrance of tea that is cheer- ing. It has been observed that the itirusion made in silver is stronger than that whieh is produced in lilack earthenware. Polished surfiiecs retain heat better than dark rough siirfaees, eoiiseqiienlly the caloric being confined in the former ea-^e, iniisl net more powerOdly than in the latter. It is far ther leniarked, that the silver when filled a sec- onil lime, prodiiecs worse tea than the earthen- ware ; aud that it is advisable to use the crockery- ware, iinle.-'s a siKer vessel can he prociifed suffi- ciently larv'e lo contain at once all that may be re- quired. These fae's are readily explained, hy coiiside ing that the action of heat, retained ie the silver v<-ssel, so far exhausts the heih, as !cl, having less .surface than the other, si throw oft" liss heal; and thai, consecpiently, the effect will be greater iu the former case than in the latter. The reason for pomiiig boiling water into the vessel before the in'iisinn of the tea, is, that lieiiig previously warm, it may abstract less heat from the mixture, and thus admit a more powerful ac- lion. It is, with equal facility, explained why the inliision is stronger, if only a small quantity of boiling water be first used, and more be added some time alterwards. If we consider that only the water iimi.eliately iu contact with the herb can act upon it, and that it cools very rapidly, es- peciallv in black eanhenware, it is clear that the effect will he gieater where the heal is kept up hy additions of boiling waier, than where the vessel is filled up at oii<;<', and the fluid suffered !;radiial- ly to cool. When the infusion has once been com- pleled, it is found that any farther adilition of the herb only affords a very small increase of strengtli, ihe water having cooleil inneh below the boiling point, and consequently acting very slightly: there- fore it is better to make fresh lea in a second ves- sel, than to add it to the exhausted and cool leaves. It is hy the ap|ilicaiion of philnsophic princi- ples to the onlinary and even trivial occurrences of life, that S(;ience difTiises her benefits, anil per- fects her claim to the gratitude of mankind ; there- line, if one principle of making lea is pieferahle to another, it should be ittended to, however iriflin;; it may he consiilcred. The cultivation of the te.-i, we may naturally conidnde, forms an i:iiportant [lart of thelmshand- ry of the Chinese, since it is a vegetable in sinli demand by the natives, for their home consump- tion, and also in so great request for exportation. It is therefore cultivated with much attention, al- ■thoiigb it is often finind in its natural state, pai- jtieularly on the rugged banks of steep mountains, Uvhere it cannot be gathered without the greatest ; difficulty and danger. In order to obtain this tea where aei ess is impraeiicahle, the inhabitants have resource to a singular expedient. • A great nninher of monkeys generally resort to these steep places, and being irrit;ited and provoked, tear off the hianelies and shower thmn down upon those who have teased them ; the aggressors enllect these branches and strip them of their leaves. 'l''ie tea shrub does not thrive well in either a sandy or (iit soil, altli(ni';h the Japanese plant it as a border to their fields without regard to the soil. Near the end of the first month of the Jap- •iiiese year, that is, about the beginning of March, ilie mothers of families with their children and servants, go with their baskets into the ti-a plan- tations, when the weather is hoi and dry, and father ihe small tender leaves, that an; not above three or four days old, and previous to their licinL' unfolded ; these are picked off one hy one, tak- ing great precaution not to break ihein or injure rhe shrub. However teilioiis this may appear, yet they will gather from four to ten, or fifteen pounds iu u day. This first gathering is caMcd fkki tsian, or tea powder, becaiis.! it is used pnl- lerised. Towards the eveiiiiiL', llioy curry these leaves to thi; lioiisi; or building ercrteil for the pur|>ose, containing n lltlintier of small stove.s, where they are put on a liot p ilished Iron pieta immediately, before they isavu timi: to frinent, ill which case thi^y would torn blac!; ; they con- rniue to turn them abmit until they are withered!, when they are removed on to mats, or paper, ami left to cool, after which the leaves are folded or curled in the palm of llio hand : they are linn placed on a secmid hot plate, and inrneil as beloro with the hand till tln-y arc tolerably firm. They are then cooled suddenly a second time, by agita- ting the air. 'J'his operation is repeated three or four times in order to extract all the moisture frniii the leaves. The princi|)al olject of cooling the leaves quickly is to preserve the curl, which must also preserve much of the flavor. The more cu- rious an; put into glass bottles well corked, others into sipiare boxes varnisheit and liiieil with leail and then ncaily papered. In about six days, this tea is again spreail on the table and all the' leaves that liav"; bteii over dried or siorched, are laUeu out and pnt with common teii. ll is . fleu dried a fifth lime, to make it more secure fir keeping. The Dutch, with all tinir boasted ciciinliiicss, have a disgusting practii-e iu drinkiui tea; lor in- stead of adding sugar to their cup-:, they generally suck a piece of su.'.ir candy, which llicy lake out of their mouths when they drink. We hear of instaiii'es iu that country, wlnre one piece is said to answer the purpose of the whole family. [Totjeconliniiod.J HOUTICULTIJUAL ANOMALY. The El iter of the Proviilcnce Free Press, in copy- ing Mr Prince's coaimuoication from the New Riig- lanil ran or of the 25t!i of Jane, lespetling lUiny of his apple trees having produced double blossoais this season, has added the follo'wing remarks: The confirmation of tlie truth of the above anomaly in the vegetalile kingdom, I can ceilify as coming under my observation. Above twenty years ago, while a minor and living wiih my fath- er, in the town of Mansfield, Mass. he inoculated an apple tree, in the month of July, whici had sprung np in the garden from the t^emi, was very thrifty and the second year of iis growth. It was inoeulaled about nine iiiidies from the ground and the iii'Xt spring the top was taken oft". In the month of May it blossomed. From one. bud tnere sprang two disiiiict blossom.", ono of them was the most extraordinary blossom that I ever beheld on an apple tree. It was a ilimUe blossom ami resembled In appearance a white rose, with [>e- tals almost as large and equally as numerous. The siein was of an iincomiiion length, I think about 5 iiic-hes long. There was no apjKjarancc of any apple attai lied to if. Another fact equally as singular was. that there was another blossom from the same hud of usual form and appearance, from which grew and came to maturity an apple, remarkably fiiir and of lar- ger size than common lor the kind, which was the sour red streak. The ajjpli; stayed on until plu(!ked off after the frosts in auiiimii had com- menced. Many came to see the cnriMsitv, who ilc( lareil ihev never .iinerteil \vith gLinders ; tlipy will mil '.-.iio eai:Ii otlier, or llieir .-iymptoin.s will ;:iiiigle to,,'c!llu;r, iiiul liuCore either arrives ;it its fatal tKiiniiiatiiiii its assnciatc will almost iiiva- rialily appear. An animal inoiulateil with t!ie matter ol' farcy will iifleii lie afflicted with glan- der.'s, while the matter of jrlaiiders will (reipieiitly produce farcy. Tliey are dittereiit types or .stages of the same disease. There is, however, a very material (liff.'ience in their syiiiptoiiis and progress, and tills mot iiiiportJtiit of all, that while glamlers are generally iiicuiahle, farcy, in its early stage and mild form, may lie successfully treated. Veterinary wriiers tell iis that it is a disease of the ahsorlietiis in the .skin. The small arteries are employed in huildiiig up and nourishing the various parts of the I'ody ; and another set of vessels are Inisieil in taking up and carrying away that vvjiicli is worn out and useless. There is no part of the body on which tlionsaiids of these lit- tle tubes do i:ot open. Thosj of the skin are not only employed in reiuoving useless materials, but ill taking up various suhsta:iees, and principally fluids vvhicli may be in contact with the skin. The little vessels which are thus occupied, collect together and form larger branches, which run in company with the sii|>erHcial v^:ins, and therefore farcy was once sujiposed to Iib a disease of the vein-, anil the tunmi'S by which it is characterized accompany the course of the veins. The poison which they take up produces inflammation in them, which gradually spreads along the absorb- ent, and causes it to swell. These vessels, small as ilicy are, coiitriin valves like those in the common p:inip, which permit the fluid to pass one way, but pri;veiit its return. The iiillaminaiioii, which pursues the natnrd course of the tluid thnnii'li these tubes, that is, towards the reservoir into which it is thrown be- fore it enters the heart, seems to be arrested by these valves, and they inflame and swell ; and therefore the first indication of this disease, even before any drooping, or loss of comlition, or of appetite, is gen 'rally the appearance of little lu- mms—farcij buds — clos« to some of the veins, following' the ronise id' the veins, and connecteil togfelhcr by a kind of cord, which tiirriers call coidtd veins. When they are few and small they may po.ssibly exist for several weeks without be- ing observed ; but at length they increase in num- ber and in size, and become painful and hot, and little tumors or lumps of surfeit. They sire ge- | is a dropsical nflection of the skin, cither of the nerally higher than these tninois ; — not so broad ; — have a more kiiot;y fe.-l, and are |)rincipally found on the inside of the limbs, instead of out- side. The increase of the.'se buds marks the progress of the disease, and that progress is reliinled by the resistance of these valves. The ulcers spread around, and are cured with considerable diffieulty. Larger tumors appear in the groin and between the fore-leg, and ulcerate and spread, and the hollows and burrowings run deeji in every direc- tion, and the horse becomes n miserable and loath- some objsct. Glanders speedily api)ear, and death Few things are more unlike, or more perple-v- ing, than the different forms which fany assumes at difleieiit times. One of the leg,s, and partieu larly one of the binder-legs, will suddenly swell to an enormous size. At nig'-it the horse wdl ap- pear to be perfectly well, and in the murniog one leg will be three times the size of the other, with considerable fever, and scarcely the power of moving the limb. The treatment of farcy varies ivith the form it assumes. In the button or bod farcy, a mild dose of physic should be first Bdininistered. The buds should be then carefully examined, and if any of them have broken, the budding iron, of a dull red heat, sb mid be applied to them ; or if matter should be left in them, showiu',' that iliey are dis- posed to break, they shuuUl be penetrated with the iron. These wounds should be daily inspect- d, and if, when the slough of the i-antery comes chest or of the limbs generally, and belongs to nother part of the subject. A tumor termed a Polypus sometimes occupies one of the iiostril.f. It will grow to a very large size, olisirncting the breathing, and sadly annoying the horse. As this can only be removed by an ope- ration, which a veterinary surgeon alone is com- petent to perform, we do not describe it particu- larly. THE F.IPS. The lips of the horse are far more important organs than many suppose. They arc, in a man- ner, the bands of the Imrse; and if any one will take the trouble to observe the manner in which be gathers up bis corn with them, and collects together his grass before he divides it with bis ni))pers, he will be satisfied that the horse would be no more able to convey the food to bis mouth without them, than ihe Imnian being coulil with- out bis hands. This has even been put to the test of experiment. The nerves which supply ihelips werei ivlded ina poor ass, to illustrate some point of physi dogy. The s»nsibi!iiy of the lips was lost, and he knew not when be touched his food with them; the motion of the lips was lost, and be lOtdd not get the bats between his teeth, alihou;;h the manger was full of them ; at length, driven by Iiimger, be contrived to lick up a lew of tbi;m with his tongue, but when they were on his ton'.'iie, the greater part of them were rubbed off before be could get them into bis month. It is on account of this use of the lips, that the faces f all <|iiadriipeds are so lengthened that the lips off; they look pale, and fool, and spongy, and dis- j ^^.^^ ,_g |,|.,,„j,|,, i„t„ contact with his food, witli- charge a thin matter, they sbonlil be frequently ^^^^^ JMconveiiieuce or injury to other parts of the washed with a lotion, composed of a dr.ic' face, •Jhe corrosive sublimate dissolved in an ounce of rec- tified spirit ; the other buds should likewise be examined, and opened v.iih the iron as soon as they evidently contain matter. When the wounds begin to look red, and the bottom of them is even and firm, and they disclmr^e a thick white or yel- 1 ^.^^.^^^ closed, low matter, the friar's balsam will speeilii, heal I hem. As, however, the constitution is now taint- ed, local applications will not be suflicieiit, and the disease innstbe attacked by internal medicines, as soon as the physic has ceased to o|)erate. The corrosive sublimate will be the tiesl idlernative, a id may be given in doses of ten grains, gradual- ly increased to a scruple, with two drachms of gentian and one of ginger, and repeated nioreing and nig'.t until the ulcers disappear, unless the horse is violently purged, or the moiiih becomes sme, when a drarbm of blue vitriol may be siib- stiiuted for the corrosive siibliiiiate. During this, Bcime of them begin to ulcerate. They appear the animal sliould be placed in a large box, with a usually about the fice or neck, or inside of the free circulation of air ; and greeit urass, or carrots, thigh, and in the lattc-r case there is some general the latti'r more particularly, should In; given I enlargement of the limb, and lameness. In some cases, however, the horse will droop for many a day before the appearance! of the btit- iotis or fare}) buds ; — his appetite will be impaired ; — bis coat will stare ; — he will lose flesh. The poison is evidently at work, hut has not gained Bufficie.nt power to cause the .-ib-orbents to swell. Ina few iiisiancea these buds do not ulcerate, but become bard and difficult to disperse. The pro- gress of the disease is then suspended, and possi- bly fir II any m^mths the horse will nppar to be restored to liealth ; but be bears the .seeds of the malady about him, and, all at once, the f ircv as- BUiiies a virulent form, and hurries him off'. These with a fair allowance of corn. If he could be turned out during the day, it would be advanta- geous ; but a', all events he sliould be daily exer In the species of farcy attended with enormous swellin.', it will be prudent t'> bleed moderately lips of the horse should be thin, if the beauty of the bead be regarded, for if tlicy are loaded with fat they connot be so sensible lis they ought to be: yet, although thin, ihey should cvi- ileiiily possess power, and be strongly and rcgu- A firm, compressed mouth gives a favorable and no deceptive itiea j : "O'l Air i'orcivul <;ive.saii ticcoiiiit of a burgt: burso tliut died in his Bixty^ecuiKl year. Lii^hlning. — U ia ciii-ious ti> fiml that tho con- diicliir or lightning nul, which so iiiaiiy men of genius, Icai'iiiiig, iiiiil iiigjiiuiiy, have heen at tht- pains to com|ileti', which ill fact lias ahvajs been of the hark of the jtMow pojilar, or AiiieriiMii tnh|) tree, niatlc, with which the ^wellcil part wax washed oflrn, a half jiiiit ;;ivi'n him to ilriiik every half hour, and t!je hrniscil haik put on as a |iuiil- tiee. — The pain soon ceased, the swelling sub- sided, and the man got well. VALUE OF riMK. An Italian pliilosopher expressed in Iirs motto, regarded as one of the proinlest trophies of j that ' time was his estate;' an estate which will science — was known nml eniphiyeil by a people of no more refiiieil cnltivalion than tiie wild peas- antry id" Loiiihardy. 'I'lie Alilje IJcrihollet, III his work on tlie^elec.nicity of Meteors, describes a practice used in eonie of the hasiioiis of the Cas- tle of Diiiiio, on the, shores of the Adriatic, whieli has existed froi;) lime iniinemnri I, and which is literally neither more nor less than the process that enabled Frai-khn to bring ilowii lightning from tbc clouds. Ai! iron staff, it seems, was erected OH the bastion of the casile during the siiniiiit'r, mid it was part of the <|uty of the sentinel, when- ever a storm llirealened, to raise an iron pointed albi'rd towards this staff. If upon approach of the hallierd, sparks were eniiited (which to the ndeed produce nothing without cnltivaiinn ; but which will always ahunilaiiily repay the labors of industry, and satisfy the most extensive ile.sires, if no part of it be suffered t,i lie waste by iiegli'ience, to be overrun with noxious jilaiils, or laid out for show rather than use. To deslrai) insects thnt infest Peach Trees. Take 2 lbs. soft soap, 2 lbs. of flour of siilphi 2 oz. of mix vomica, and a half gill of the oil of turpentine; boil tlieni togetlier in S gallons of wa- ter until re.ln.-ed to six, and set it aside for use. Remove the ground around the tree unill the up- per roots are left bare, clean it to the main branch- es, make the liquor milk warm, and with a soft Erieniitic mind, would show that the stafT was, brush carefully ap|ly it to the body of the tree, charged with electric^ity from a thiinrter cloud,) the! Let no one condeinn this prescription without giv- gentinel was made sure that a storm impended,! ing it u fair trial jVurristuwn Free Press. Olid he tolled a bell which sent forth the tidings of ilaiiger to the surrounding coiiniry. Nothing It is said that at Mulberry Grove, Leicester, Ms. can be more delightfully amiable than the parent- j about 50,000 silk worms are iio%v at work. Mr «l care of its subjects which this ini'-resting pro- 1 Abbi.lt has been active in introducing them. vision of the local governineiit exemplified. The adinonishing sound of the bell was oln-yed like a |ireternatiiral signal from the depth of the firma- ment ; shepherds were seen luiriying over valleys orgin;; their flncks from the exposed fields to plai'.es of shelter. The fishing boats, with which the co.nst of tlie Adriatic was generally studded, forlhwiih began to crowd «.iil iin I m:ike for ihe nearest port, vvbile many a supplication was put up from many a gentle and devout heart on shore, before some hallowed sb-iiie, for the safety of the li.tle AcKt.— Monthly Rr.rieio. If you woiilil have the slate prosperous, yon must make the men of principle, the [irincipal men. MKOIIANICS. If we look round within the circle of our no- qiiaiutance, we shall find that many of our most respectable <-itizeii3 are mechanics. Several of the first inerchauts in this lity were once mechan- ics, many of onr proli-ssinnal men were in youth meidianics. Several of our most di.stingiiished legislators, philosnjdiers and statesmen, were also once mecbanicH. How did they rise-tr their pre.<- enl eminence? It was by the cultivation of ilieir minds in useful knowlediC, by feeling a proper respect for themselves wbi. h led them to fi re;;nlar, industrious .and frugal haldts, and thus have they secured the respect and confideine of llieir employers, and risen to the afBiienee and respectability which they now enjoy. The same ]iath of honor and nsefiilnefls is opened to every person in onr happy republic ; and we hope thai these examples will stimulate every mechanic among 118 to imitate th^se examples, that they ma become, as they deserve, respected for their worth j*^'''c'" distinguishes a man Iroin a beast. — IFm. In France there are few soups or sauces made without a portion of sorrel ; and so much is it es- teemed in that country, that they take the greate.st care to have a store preserved l<)r winter use. It is a common saving among the French, that a good housewife is known by her pots of sorrel. In the vegetable ulaikets, as well as at tbedoors of the green-groiers in Paris, the picking of sorri is as common as the shelling of peas in Loudon The value of ihe silk manufacture of Great Brit ian is reckoned at .^45,000,000, and gives support to 600,000 .souls. — Yet she impnrts all the raw material, and her iiianiifnctiirers have hitherto been obliged to pay a duty of one dollir per pound oii that raw material. The wages of the -.vorkinen emploved in itsdiffereiit branches amount to $15,- 000,000. A strong deroclion of wormwood is said to be a perfi-ct cure Pir the delirium tremens, to wbii h drunkards who suddenly leave off the use of ar- dent spirits are so liable. — Portland y^rgtis. Drunkenness. — All excess is ill ; hut drunken- ne.ss is of the worst sort. It spoils health, dis- mounts the mind, niid unmans men. It reveals secrets, is quarrelsome, la.-civious, impiiilent, ilai gerous, and m;id. In fine, he who is driu'k is not a mail ; because be is, so long, void of reason. and usefulness. — A'. Y. Even. Jour, A CURE FOR THE BITE OF A SVAKE. Mr James Johnson, of Pikeville, Md. states that Inst summer, a black man was bitten upon the finger in the dark, by a snake snp|io3ed to be a Copperhead. His arm swelled to twice its or- dinary size. A physician bad a strong decoction Penn. L/iw. — Jews ruin themselves at their passover the Moors at their marriage-, and the Christians in their law-suits. — Spanish Proverbs. Qualifications.-- Five ihiiigs are requisite to a goo I officer. Ability, clean liands, despuleli, paiieuce and imparliHliiy. — /rnt. Penn. UOSTON, PRIDAV, JULY 93, 1830. From the National /Egia PEAR TREES. Koine three or four years since a disease appear- ed on pear trees, which from the appearaiic<; as- sumed after the attack, was called the Jire blif^ht. Some insisted that the rapid decay of the branch- es of ap]iiirently healthy trees, was occtisioiied by tiK'ir being girdled by a small bug which eats its way in the snp wood nearly or quite round ibo limb, that this bug was not more than one tenth of an inch in length, and various other particulars. Others urged that it vvas a new disease among fruit trees and probably arose from a change of the sap, eflfecied by the powerful rays of the dim- mer sun operating upon an unusually luxuriant growth of new woha length ill the pith. He then minutely and thor- ou>;lily examined the halves of the limbihusprcpar- ed with a good compound microscope, (its niagiiily- ing power about ten degrees,) and was not able to liscover the slightest irace -Bary supply of sap, Hy the result of the investigaiioi) it appears that if any bugs or insects were in Ihe limbs at all, their path could not have extended round one quarter part of the circumferencK of the limb, and of course coulil not have cut off so iiiucli of Ihe supply of sup as to injure the limb. The bark of the limbs vvas all taken oft", niiil the sdbiirnum and bark both rarcfiKiy examined by the eye, and with the microscope ; here seem- ed to be the seat of the disease, the alburnum was at the small ends of the limbs black and di.scolor- ed for half their le'nglh towards Ihe trunk of iha tree; this discoloration did not extend equally round the trunk, but would on one side perhaps, be an inch in advance pearance and of good fiavor of the kind. Mr Manning states that iliey are good bearers; they are well descrilwd in Prince's Treatise on Horticulture, p. 29. From RuFDS HowK, from garden of S. Downkr, Dor- chester, fruit of a French Cherry, (name lost) of good appuaraoce but rather acid flavor. From a valuable little work cnlilleU ' Seventy five Recipes.' SEASONABLE RECIPES. GOOSESeHRY PUDlll.NG. A pint of stewed goosebeirie.s, with all their juice. A quarter of a pound of powdered sugar. Two ounces of fresh butter. Two ounces grated bread. Three eggs. Stew the gooseberries till quite soft. — When they are cold, mash ilieiii fine with the back of a sjioon, and stir into them one half of the sugar. Take the remainder of the sugar, and stir it to a cream with two oiini'es of butler. Beat the three eggs, and stir them into the but- ter and sugar, in turn wilh the gooseberries, and the grated bread. Lay piiff-pa.ete in a snup-platc. Putin the mix- ture, and bake it half an hour. Do not •rrale sugar over it. Boston Puddins;. — Make a good common paste with a pound and a half of flour, and three quar- ters of a pound of butter. — When you roll it out the last time, cut off the edges, till you get the sheet of paste of an even square shape. Have ready some fiuii sweetened to your ta.ste. If cranberries, gooseberries, drieil pi-ai ii?.s, onlain- soiis, they should he stewed in vtry little water, dr.iined, and seasoned with initnieg, rose water, and lemon. If cnrr.iiits, raspberries, or black ber- ries, they should be mashed with Eiigar, and ]a.t into the pudding raw. VoMX.-Nn. 1. AND IIOR. ICLLTUUAL JOURNAT.. :|iitiul ilii! (Viiil vi-ry lliirU, ull h yonr curiaiils, drain :Iloni, and |>icl« thitn fioni thcslaiks. Ma.-li llit-ni iviih tilt! hark of a spoiin. J'nt tliem in njelly- lag, ami sqiii-cze it till nil the juice is pressed int. To ivi'ry phit of jnice alknv a pnntid of the )(st li.af sugar. I'nt the jnice and ilie snjrar into ^onr krtllr, anil lioil it fil'teeii minnles, sl%iiMniin<: t all the while. l'es of randy anil two of ro.-e water, twentyeight egg> nd three pounds of flour aihled by degrees to- elher, six pounds of cmrants, six pounds ofsecd- i rai.-'ins, one ounce of cinnamon, one ounce ol uimeg, three quarters of an ounce of cloves, half I ounce of maie, one pound of lemon. Two rwe lciave.<, baked five hours. Cockroaches. — the .-apient Sancho Panzn d,«- ares t lat ilicn; is a remedy for every thing bm alb; and it is truly happy for mankind that the $8,40. \\rr Our printer desires us to slate that the present ex- ssive warm weallier has had so unfavorable an effect ■on the foinpnsition rollers used at the Steam Power a? to render it iinpofsible to get out this weed's per in so workraanli'^e a manner as i-* desirable ; on this count we have deferred printin>; the lille-page and fex to the eighth volume; it will probably be issued th our next paper. To CoRREspoNneMrH. — Wk are obl'ged this week to fer eight coniiutinicatioM^ ; among wl ich are one on iiiicstir Wines, by J. M. G. — Rem uUs on the Hes-ian '. and ofa parasiiir In 'ect that feeJa up^n it — &c, &c, 11 of which will Boou a^)pear. O" .Subaciibers (o the New England Fanner arc in funned that l4iey can have their volumes neatly liall- bounil niid letteied bv sending them lo this office. Roman. This elegant, full blooded hnr°e, a bright hay, wi(h black legs, mane, and tail, of high i^piritand good temper, will sland at the farm of Mr Stephen Williams, in Noilh- boroiiglr, Ms. at 20 dollars the season, to be paid bcfoio ihc mares arc taken away. June 25 Turnip Seed, ifc. For sale at the Seed Siore connected with the New England Farmer Office. 52, North Miiket-slicct, An extensive a soilmenl of Turnip Sreils,of the most valual'le sorts for family u^x or stock. The most approv- ed kinds for the farmer, are the White Dutch, White Slone, \ cllovv Stone and Yellow Malta. The two lailci are of uncommon excellence, and keep well. I.oudon describes (he Yellow Malla as 'an excellent and hcaiili- ful root,' and of delicious flavor. Of the sorts for field culture, the While Norfolk, Yellow Aberdeen. White Flat, and Riila Baga, are Ihe best. The Yellow Abcr dccn is most appioved among the Farmers of Englaml and Scotland, as il g ows to a 1-irse sW.e. is very sweet and ninri'io'is, and keeps till June. The ahov.^ seeds were saved in Eiirnpe expressly for this Establishment, and ihe utmost dependence may be placed on their genu- ine quality. 200 lbs. of the finest Enelish White Flat Turnip Seed, raised this aensnn, expressly for ihis Establishment, by Mt Aaro.v D. Willi ams. of Roxbiiry, and warranted of the first quality , for sale, wholesale and retail. .M'o, a vaiiety of Long and Turn-p rooted Kailishe«, suit able for soivins the ensiiine; months, Lons Prickly, and many other varieties of Cucumbers for pickling. Mncdvff Foi salu— price $300 He iia full bred Durham Shoit Horn Hull, bred by Mr Powel of Phil.idclphia— icd and white; calved in June, 1827. fiiim — Annaliella, Kdld at (he auction of Mr Powf.l's cattle, June 16, to Mr Free- man of Ualliniorc, for $310. Sire— Mr PowcI'h cclcbia- teil Roll, JUalailm. The stock from Macduff has proved good. The Hull may be seen on the farm of the suhaeriber, near Ncwaik, .\ew Jersey. Letters dircrtcd to him, 27, Nassau-street, New York, will be attended to. A. DKV. JVeu) York, June 22, 1830. PRICES OF COVJVTRY PRODUCE. A! PI.ES.besI, ASHES, [Pill, first sort, - i'earl.lirslsorl, - HKAIS'S.'vliile, liEliK, laess, C;ar".., No. I, Carso, No. 2 I'.LiTTEK, iiispeeied. No. I, new, (;iit:ESE, lieu milk. SkMiiiiied M.ilk. - FLOUR, l!aliiiu.,re,Hu«ard-i>lree!, - (Jeuesee, - Rye, bebl, (iRAIN, fnni, Rve, Barley, Chloride of Sodn. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the N. E. Farmer, 52 North Market-street — A few dozen tioitles ol Chloride of Soila. for preserving meat, removing offensive smells, neutralizing pestilential exhalations, and deslroy- inu contagion; prepared by Ihe New England chemical company for Lowe and Reed. This valuable article is particularly desciibed. page 390 nf this week's New Eng- land Farmer.— Price $1,00 per bottle, with directions. Bolivar Cnhyes, Saiony Bwhs, and Bremen Geese. For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired by Ihe telebrated ini- porW^ impioved D'.ii>iani short horned hull Polivar, which stock ha\e produced 36 quarts of n;ilk a day. No. 1, dam Grey Brown, half Ccelebs and half Gallowav . No. 2, dam Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, her sire Coelehs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Cow, No 4, dam Bcaiily, half Coslebs and half Galloway. The Calves are beautiful, and their dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlin&s, and 2 Lambs. 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shurf- leff, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston, _^ tf. July 9. Medical School in Boston. The Courses of Lectures begin annually on the third Wednesday in October, an I are continued daily for three months, on the following subjects : — Anatomy and Suigeiy, by John C. Warren, M. D. Chemislrv, by John W. Webster, M. D. Materia Medica, bv Jacob Piaelow, M. D. Midwifery, and Medical Jurisprudence, by Walter Chaiining, M. D. Theory nd Practice of Physic, by James Jackson, M D. The apparatus and collections of specimens used in il- lustrating the demonstrative courses, are very ex'ensivc. The fees for all Ihe courses amount to $70. Board is obtained for about $3 per week. This institution now offers greater advantages for the acquirement of a thorough Medical education, than it has done at any former periorl of its history. During the last two years the means of obtaining nractical knowledge of the anatomical structure of the human body have been amply supplied to pupils, probably at a less expense than in any other of the schools in the United States. The opportunity of witnessing numerous important and capi- tal oppialions in surgery, and of attending the clinical practice of one nf Ibe best regulated hospitals in this country, are gratuitously afforded to all who attend the lectures of the professors. 5t June 18. Oar llOfi'S LA HI), first sort, new, MOPS, let quality. l.liMb;. I'l.AISTER PARIS retails at I'ORK, clear, Kavv. mess, C.■ng^.^o. I, SEEDS, lield'st.'rass, I (irass. Few I Mr d.iv Tall Meadow Oais Grass, I!e. 12 f'ozoii I'uslicl C4 Itarrrl. 3 50 Chloride of lAme. For sale by Ebenezer Wight, Druggist, Milk Street, op- posite Federal Street,. Chloiide of Lime, well known for its excellence in deslioying noxious efBuvia, and lor its I use in the arts. 4t July 9. ' Brighton Market — Monilmj, July 19. [ n eporlecl for I lie Clironic le and Pan im . ) At Market Ihis day, 279 Beef Catile, including about 50 unsold last week— unsold at (he clo-e of the mirket between 90 and 100—10 Cows and Calves, and 2209 Sheep. Prices— Beef Cattle— S3]es dull, from $3 50 to 4 50. Cuws and Calves — We noticed tl e sale cf three only at $17 and 25. Shrip— Sales hiisk, hit lots at $1 25 a 2 — some proba- bly brought more th in f 2, and we nolic-d a few taken for less than $1 — quality poor. Swine — none at inaiket. The Il'ool Trade — In elligent dealers in wool express the opinion that wool will bold its present priic. and if there Lo ai.y than^e, that it will te a farther advance. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. July 23, 18:^0. MISC£L.L.ANI£S. COFFEE. There are probably many .house-keepers wlio wit be interested in the fullowiiig siiii|il(! rulcB for th(; preparatiiiu of an important item ofiloines- tic luxury. It is tiomewbat remarkable that tin iiiluiiion which may be made with great ease, and in a very short space of time, is, in many fumilieF, the cause of more vexation and oom|ilaint than all the other petty niinuyances uf the house- holi* put together. The suggestions below, which we copy from the Vir;,Muia Liierary Museum, may be ihe means of soothing the diurnal irrila- tiou of inuny an unquiet spirit. — Bos. Dai. Adv. 1. The raw coffee shoidd be round and ^^aiall grained, free from dirt and of a light color. It ehoidd have no a|>|>earauce of moiddiiie.-'s, and be quite free from any strong smell. It should not be long kei)t in sacks with other provisions, as there is no substance more ujit to obtain slrung and disagreeable odors from the presence of its neighbors. Rinn injures it ; and Miller even goes eo far as to state, that a few bags of pepper, on board a ship from India, upon one occasion, spoil- ed the vvliule cargo. 2. When the grains are large, flat, and of a green color, they should be kept on hand, in a dry sitnation, a long time before use. Every West Indian planter knows this fact, although Ills interest too often induces him to send the ar- ticle to market before it is old and dry enough. 3. Roasting coffee is by far the most difficult operation of the housekeeper ; when carried litr enough, an aromatic oil is formed by the heat aiul forces itself out upon the surfiice of the grains, giving them a glossy appearance, and an odor which is considered their perfection •, yet loo little roasting prevents the aroma from Rjipearing, and too Itmch completely volatilizes it, leaving nothing but a flat bitter taste. The heat should be slrong and the operation shortened as innch as possible, without burning the grains. The roaster should be close or well covered all the time, and, in or- der to improve the looks and flavor, a small piece of butter may be added to the coffee, while parch- ing. 4. When thus prepared, coffee may be pre- served for use in large quantities, without losing much of its freshness, provided the vessels con- taining it, be kept well covered. 6. An infusion of coffee is better than a de- coction, simply because the heat, in the last case, being stronger and more lasting, drives off more of the aromatic oil. It is better, therefore, to grind the coffee very tine, and then expose it by means of a bag or strainer, to the action of boil- ing water, than to boil it any length of time. Heat, allhongh unavoidable, injures die flavor, and the best .-offee I remember to have tasted, was made by exposing the powder to a pressure of cold wa- ter; a tea-spoonful of this extract, thrown into a cup of hot water is sufficient. It is not a bad method to allow the ground coffee to lie in cold water between meals, and then to prepare it by adding hot water. — Just in proportion to the con- tinnsDce of heat in this and the List operation, the fragiance disappears, and is replaced by a strong bitter taste xvhicli, according to the exi>eriuients of Chenevix, depends upon the presence of taimin (resembling that in tan bark.) Koasting, besides firming this liiitcr .substance, dcprivea the coffee cf Dutiitiuua qualities. THE WEAZEL. The following siory is told in Selkirk-shire. — A group of hiiyinakers wiiile at woi k saw an eagle ri- sing above tlie steep mountains that enclosed a nar- row valley. The eagle himself was no unusual sight, but there is something so imposing and majestic in this noble bird, while he soars upwards in spiral cir- cles that it fascinates tlie attention of most people. The spectators were soon aware that there was something peculiar in the (light of the bird they were observing. He used his wings violently and the strokes were often repeated as if he had been alarmed and hurried by unusual agitation, and they noticed at the same time that he wheeled in circles constantly decreasing, while his ascent was propor- tionally rapid. The now idle haymakers drew to- gether .n close consultation on the singular case, and continued to keep their eyes en the seemingly distressed eagle until he was nearly out of sight, rising higher and higher in the air. — In a short lime, however, they were convinced that he was again rapidly seeking the earth, evidently not as he as- cended, in spiral circles, but as something falling with great rapidity. But as he approached the ground they clearly saw he was tumbling in his fall like a shut bird, the convulsive flutteringofhis power- ful wings, slopping the descent but very little, until he fell at a small distance from the party. — A large buck tailed weazel or stoat, ran from the body as they came near, turned with the usual noHcAa/once and impudei ce of the tribe, stood upon its hind legs, crossed its fore paws over its nose, and suivey- ed its enemies a moment or two (as it often does when no dog is near) and bounded into a bush. The king of the air was dead, covered with his own blood, and upon further examination they found his throat cut, and the stoat has been suspected as the regi- cide unto this day. A friend mentioned the following fact that came un- der his own observation. — A light snow covered the ground, and he, while walking out to an adjoining hill, fell in with the track of one of these weazels, which is easily to be distinguished from that of the smaller species by the larger foot print and length of the spring among the snow. He followed the track for souio lime for his amusement, along the sides of the hill until he came to the marks where a pair of grouse had been sitting, when he lost all trace of the weazel and could follow it no further. As there was no appearance of a hole he was much surprised, and paying close altention to the track of the animal, he becam3 convinced that it had made a spring upon one of the birds which had tlown away with it. The conclusion is that the stoat knew quite well what it was about, and would keep its hold until it came to the ground again under simi- lar circumstances v;ith the eagle. — Mag. of JValural History. COCKROACHES. These insects are among the most disagreeable of the annoyances to which the dwellings of man are subject, and, where their multiplication is permit- ted, the ravages they commit are extensive and vex- atious. They are all nocturnal, and exceedingly agile ; their flattened bodies allow them to hide, with ease, in every crevice, whence they sally forth in hordes during the night, to devour every sort of provision which i-J not secured from their voracity. Like all other depredators, they are thrown into confusion and put to fliglit by the presence of light, whence they were, in ancient times, appropriately called luci/ug(E or ligkl-shunners. Their destruct- iveness is not confined to articles of provision for the table ; silk, woollen, and even cotton cloths are devoured, or rendered useless by being gnawed through. At some seasons of the year, when the male cick roaches fly about, they are very trouble- some, especially about tv\ilight,when they dash into] rooms, and often strike against the faces of those pre- i sent. When a cockroach takes refuge or seeks' concealment upon any person, he will inflict a smart: bite, if particularly hurt or alarmed. — The sapient' Sancho Panza declares, that there is a remedy for everything but death; audit is tridy hapi y lo mankind, that the multiplication of this pestilent rac may be repressed by aid of their own voracity. I to a quantity of Indian corn meal alout one Ihir of white or red leail is added, and the mixture i moistened with molasses so as to make it moderate ly adhesive, the cockroaches will greedily devou it. The repetition of this poisoned food for a lev nights is generally sufficient to reduce their number to a very few, even in the most infected houses, am will eventually cause the destruction of the whole Traps especially designed lor their capture an soinet'inesto be found at the potteries. A paste-boari or card cover, well balanced upon two p-ns, am placed upon the edge of a vessel, nearly filled witi molasses and water, makes a very good trap. Thi dish should be so placed, that they can readil mount upon the cover, which revolves on its axi whenever the equilibrium is disturbed, and throw the cockroaches into the fluid. — Ency. Americana. B.\THING. In nothing were the ancients so much superior t us as in the elegance and commodiousiiess of baths They found bathing not only good for the body, bu for the mind, and retired from the bath not only wit, renovated strength but with renewed serenity. - They had baths in almost every house, and some o such splendid decorations, that theii very fragment at this day excite the admiration of tr.ivellers. Th Turks, whom we call the people least refined i Europe, nevertheless set us a good example in ihei baths. In Japan too a bath is an indisprnsable pat of every house, and there are many batl.s at tavern for the refreshment of travellers. But it would be vain lo praise the advantages t bathing to those whose reluctance to enter wate is little less than hydrophobia, or to commend neat ness to those who know nothing from experiment c the qualities of the little cakes that are stampe ' Windsor.' All however who have practised bathin know belter how lo estimate its benefits. Much t the pleasure is lost from the want of a beach ove which the sea is breakin;.', where a swimmer ma come in op the mane of a wave; yet in the want of beach we may act Diogenes, and be contented in tub. — 7Vi6«ne. Bees and Honey. For sale by Ruru.s Kowe, at Ihe Garden of S. Dow NEB, Dorchester — Fifteen Swarms of Bees, a pail old but mostly iKW ones— a number in cloulile Hives will Glass windows, others in large single ones — also Honej of superior quality made Iroiu the blossoms of this yeai 25 els. per pound 41 July 2. Complete set of the Mno England Farmer A gentleman in Newport, R. I. wishes to procure i complete set of Ihe New England Farmer. — Any persor having a perfect copy, clean, and in good order, iiiaj hear of a purchaser by applying to Mr Russeli,, Iht publisher, in Boston. 3t June 18. Sportsman. The full blooded horse Sportsman will stand at B Taft's stable in Brighton, on Mondays and Tuesdays, un. till noon ; at Brigham's in Westborougb on Wednesdays ; at Estabrooka' in Shrewsbury, on Thursday ; and at Stockwell's in Worsester, nn Fridays and Saturdays, until 2 o'clock of each week through the season. May 28. Pul-hslicd every Friday, at §3 per ^iiniuii. pay.nhie iii il,e end ol die year— hill ihii.'e«lin|ia) wlliinsixi; fp of the gage it should be made larger by at least an inch than the one made by the pencil, — then split the circular board by sawing, or lay on a strait stick and draw a knife on each side of the board, cutting at least one third through, and then split it. — With a com- pass saw follow round the pencil mark, or perhaps cut a quarter of an inch larger to allow for the growth of the tree ; the space between the board the wooden hoop, thin edge up, or let the thin edge come just to the lower edge of the board ; mark how far it laps — then lower the hoop and nail it with small nails, and clinch them ; lift up the hoop to the lower edge of the board, and hold an iron wedge, or some other solid substance on the upper surface of the board, and drive up the hoop tack with small nails; tlien insert the tin hoop by driv- ing it down well into the groove ; let it lap by an inch, put in a i)iece of flag and confine the lap by a tin loop, and you then have a circular canal, which, if not water tight, may easily be made so by giving it one or two linings of hot tar, or thick paint. The canal may now be filled with tar and oil, oil, spirits of turpentine, lime water, or I should think fish brine — or a brine made strong with com- mon salt and nitre; this would not be likely to freeze in cool nights, and a little winter strained oil on the top would perhaps prevent the evaporation of the brine, and make it more difficult for the grubs. If the brine should become weakened by rain or snow water, it might easily be strengthened by throwing in a little salt. The tin should be an inch higher than the wooden hoop — if they should swim across they would find it difficult climbing up. I have never seen a canker-worm nor the grxih, or female, but am under the impression that the grub is a clumsy insect ; if that be the case, I think they would not be able to pass the boundaries of another more simple and cheaper defence than the one above described. It is the circular board with only one rim, and that of the thinest tin — to be put upon the outer edge instead of the wooden one, and reversed, or instead of rising above the upper surface of the board it should hang down an inch or two ; thi, would present an obstacle which I thinli they never would be able to pass, for whenever they should attempt to turn the lower edge of the tin they would find themselves on terra Jirma instead of being on the top of the tree. If upon examination you should be of the opinion that either of the plans would answer any purpose, no one could object to them on the score of expense, for I would engage any required number to be de- livered in Boston, the circular board and hoop, (of this largest size) for 12 J cents each or the board for the tin rim for half the sum. There is one other consideration, — if this will stop the grub, it would also sto[) the ascent of spiders, caterpillars, ants, slugs, and possibly the curculio, if, as Dr Tilton says, they crawl up the body of the tree, instead of flying. Bepleased to accept the assurances of my resard, LEVI BARTLETT; Warner, A". H., July 2, 1830. some of which I hope will be found to be new ; the Papaw and Tulip trees thrive here, and I trust will ere long adorn your city and vicinity. Some grounds here are very prettily ornamented ; the ladies are tasteful in their flower gardens, and I thinl they are more inclined to work in th6ra than they are in Boston.' J. A. SEASON AT CINCINNATI. [Extract from a letter from a gentleman in Cincinnati, Ohio, to the publisher of the New England Farmer.] ' Wheat promises fair — also Oats and Barley, there will be excellent crops of rye — Hay will be light, though clover promises well — peaches are abundant — plums are not much cultivated, and apples are rather scarce — Corn is backward (so far as I can judge from a twentyfive miles' jour- ney after a good milch cow, the same being scarce and dear) and markets are low for most kinds of agricultural produce. ' I hope to be able to forward to you this win- ter a package of ornamental seeds which I am now LLST OF FRUITS. Mft Fessende.n — Will you or some other com- pe:ent gentleman publish in the New England Farmer a small Catalogue of the most approved pairs, such as have fruited in our country and are good bearers ; and show as near as practicable tht precise time of ripening of each ; commenc- inj with the earliest. Let the day of the month be])ut down to show the comparative difference of the ripening of each variety. I find the cata- logues of our nurserymen disagree; and are rath- er vague — Oct., Nov. and Dec. is not sufficient- ly explicit. There is a time when each variety isgenerally in the greatest perfection. That time isimportant to be known, whether it be usually 01 the 1st, 15th or the 30th, of the month. It is eipected that pears Will vary a short time in com- ii^ to maturity from year to year : yet the time wthin 10 or 15 days of ripening might be made kiovvn, which would be very useful to the horti- mltural community, particularly to those who are jlst beginning to cultivate this valuable fruit. It Tould also aid your readers in selecting those ;arieties which will ripen in succession. The above information would be thankfully re- leived and be very gratifying to at least one of |our SUBSCRIBERS. Ql/'' A valuable article on Fruit Trees, the nost esteemed sorts, and their times of ripening, &c, written by the Hon. John Lowell, will be found in Fessenden's New American Gardener, page 128. FRUIT TREES. Mr Fessenden — I have presumed to address to you the following questions, and shall feel par- ticularly obliged by an .early answer if consistent with your engagements. 1. What is the best wash to apply to apple and other fruit trees, and what time in the year is best for its application ? 2. Has there ever been any method ascertained to prevent the ravages of the Canker Worm ? Do you know what will prevent the small worm from attacking fruit trees in the inonth of June and Jidy ; this worm is much smaller than the Caterpillar which appears and forms branches in the spring. Our fruit trees in this vicinity seem to call for great attention to prevent their ««erdestruction,and it is an object of some imijortance to ascertain if possible any remedy for the depredations of insects. Yours Respectfully, JOSEPH ELLSWORTH. KitchMilU, Con., July 22, 1S30. and tree may be filled with oakum; then apply the collecting. I have seen several beautiful species, INSECTS ON INDIAN CORN. Mr Fessenden*— In the Farmer of the 2d, inst, I noticed your remarks on the wire worm, which has been making ravages among the corn in some parts of the state. I have noticed many fields of corn in this vicinity, which were of a rusty yellow color at the bottom — and in searching for the cause, the roots were found to be covered witti green lice. The bottom of the stalk is almost dead, in most cases, from the Vol.lX. — N".2, AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 11 loss of sap-extracted by the iiise -t. Have you ever pulilishcd any account of this insect ? If not, have you on hand any iiaCjrniation to give respecting them. Yours, II. FERRV. jVorthampton, July 14, 1830. Remarks bt/ tht. EJitor. — We liave'no recollec- tion of having seen, heard, or read of the above mentioned insect, before the receipt of Mr Ferry's cotnmunication. I Rem.\rkable Growth of Cherry Grafts. ' In the nionth'of iNIarch, 1828, I set, on a natural Cherry Stock, which is now seven inches in cir- cumference, probably not tiiucli less then, a scion of the English IJIackheart, which is now in the smallest place eleven inches in circumference and has completely covered the stock. There are three leading branches from this, one six and a half feet, one six feet, the other five and a half feet ; there are seventeen smaller limbs, branching from these in all directions. It bore fruit this present season in abundance and to per- fection only two years old. I have several others which have grown very rapidly and I believe they do quite as well if not better than budding, es- pecially large stocks. L. COBB. Sharon, Mass. July 19, 1830. REMARKS ON VEGETABLES. [Concluded.] THYME. ' No more, my goats, shall I behold yoa climb The Bloepy cliRi, or crop the flow'cy thyme.' Deydih. In ancient times, flocks of goats and sheep were sent from many remote parts, to feed on the thvme which grew so abundantly on the rocky parB of Languedoc and Narbonne, and this'pasturage yield- ed a great revenue to the inhabitants of that country, during the height of Roman luxury, on account of the high flavor it gave to the thou- sands of cattle which were sent to that province. ' VVheio the wild thyme pel fumes the purple heath, Loi^ loitering there your fleecy tribes extend.' Phillips in his History of Vegetables, says, a long residence on and near the South Downs of Sussex, gave the author of this work an oppor tunity of ascertaining, that those flocks which fed on hills most abounding with thyme, produced mutton of a very superior relish ; and it cannot have escaped the notice of the epicures in hauri ches, that the highest flavored venison is always from arid hilly parks, where this penetrating ' pun provoking' herb abounds. This plant was thought excellent in suff"umiga- tions to revive the spirits ; and by its extraordi- nary fragrancy it was deemed comfortable to the brain and highly exhilarating to the heart. A lit- tle thyme mixed with wine, gives it a most grate- ful savor, and both the smell and taste of it are very penetrating ; whence it becomes sudorific, inciding, penetrating, healing, and opening ; is of service in the flatulent colic, and restores a decay- ed appetite. TOBACCO. Tobacco was brought to England by Sir Fran- cis Drake, in 1570, who that year made his first expedition against the Spaniards in South Amer- ica. Lobel informs us, that it had been cultivated in England previously to that date. Sir Walter Raleigh can-ied the Virginian tobacco to England about the year 1586, and it is related that he was the first who brought tobacco into repute ; but, by the caution he took in smoking it privately, it appears he did not intend that it should he copied. But sitting one day in a deep meditation, with a pipe in his mouth, he inadvertently called to his man to bring him a tankard of striall ale : the fel- low coming into the room, threw all the liquor in his master's face, and running down stairs, hawled out ' Fire! help! Sir Walter has studied till his head's on fire, and the smoke bursts out of Ills mouth and nose.' After this. Sir Walter made it no secret, and took two pipes just before he went to be behe.ided. A French Natural Historian (Valmont Bomare) relates, that in 1750 Maryland and Virginia pro- duced to England more than 100,000 tons of tobacco ; of which, he says, the. English kept one half for their own consumption, and exported the remainder to France ; for which the latter coun- try paid annually the sum of 9,200,000 livres, or about $1,701,998 52. This vegetable still continues to form so con- siderable a branch of commerce in England, that a store-room has lately been erected in the Lon- don Docks, for the exclusive purpose of housing tobacco, which covers with one roof a space of nearly six acres of ground, and which is perhaps the largest room ever built. This immense store- room is, when empty, an object of wonder ; but on seeing it full of tobacco our amazement must be increased, by reflecting on the extent of the trade of England, and on the singular destination of such an enormous heap of half-putrefied nau- seous leaves. Wynne says, in his History of Virginia, pub- lished in 1770, that the Virginians export annually above forty thousand hogsheads of this leaf, each hogshead containing eight hundred weight. This author says, ' wherever they have planted this article, their lands are so exhausted by it, tba they will hardly produce the bare necessaries of life, and much less such an exhausting weed. It is for this reason, that most of our tobacco plan- tations are broken up and the people have been obliged to quit them, and retire to the mountains, where they find fresh lands fit to produce this plant, which is the support of their trade, and has been of more importance to ihem than all the other productions of North America put together, so long as their lands were fresh and fertile.' WATER CRESS. The ancients ate cress with their lettuce to counteract the cold nature of that salad. The name of Nasturtium alludes to its warm stimula- ting qualities, which were thought to put life into dull and stupid persons, and to brighten the un- derstanding of those who ate of Nasturtium, and which gave rise to the Greek proverb, ' eat cress, and learn more wit.' three years. A number of ])lants were propagated from it the first season, several of which were sent abroad, and one of which I presented to that in- telligent and enterprising friend of the silk culture, Gideon B. Smith, Esij. of Bahimorr, who, in a recent letter, speaks of its flourishing condition. P. S. I notice a small error in my coniiniuii- cation inserted in your paper of 25th ult. The date should be May instead of Jtuie. Very respectfully, WM. ROBERT PRINCE. innean Botanic Garden, ) Now York, July 27, 1»30. ( CATTLE OVERCOME BY HEAT. Mr Fessenuen — As the hot season has now arrived, when oxen are frequently overcome by heat, and many are lost, will you, or some of your correspondents, through the medium of your use- ful paper, inform the public of the best manner of treating an animal overcome by .the heat, and you will oblige a constant reader. Very respectfully yours, THOMAS HUBBARD. Concord, July 18, 1830. Q^ We can find nothing on this subject in any veterinary writer, and our own observation and experience have not led us to any remedy for this evil of ordinary occurrence. We should be very much obliged to any correspondent who may sug- gest any cure or palliation for the complaint above mentioned. To Remove a tight stopple from a decanter.— It frequently happens that the stopper of a glass bottle or decanter becomes fixed in its place so firmly, that the exertion of force sufficient to with- draw it would endanger the vessel. In this case, if a cloth wetted with hot water be applied to the neck of the bottle, the glass will expand, and the neck will be enlarged, so as to allow the stopper to be easily withdraw. — Dr Lardner''s Cabinet Cyclopa:dia. The non conducting power of Sand is so great, that in eastern countries, when the surface of a bed of sand at midday is too hot to allow the hand to remain in contact with it, the temperature, at the depth of a few inches, is gratefully cool. During the celebrated i?iege of Gibralter, the gar- rison turned their knowledge of this fact to good account. The red hot shot employed to destroy the Spanish floating batteries was placed in wood- en barrows on layers of sand, and thus carried from the furnaces to the batteries without the wood once catching fire. CHINESE MULBERRY TREE. Mr Fessenden — I perceive in your paper of 16th inst. a communication on the subject of the Chinese Mulberry Tree, (Moms midiicaulis) which, it is stated, was introduced to FraiLce from the Philippine Islands, in Jidy last, and the acquisition of which promises to be of vital importance to the silk culture on account of its great superiority for that purpose. By the way of making known that in our country we sometiiries even anticipate oth- ers in the introduction of useful horticultural pro- ductions, I have to state that this tree was intro- duced into our collection in the winter of 26-27, and has consequently existed among us for above The Hive Bee. — ' Lesser tells us, that in 1525, during the confusion occasioned by a time of war, a mob of peasants, assembling in Hoherstein, at- tempted to pillage the house of the minister of Elende, who having in vain employed all his eloquence to dissuade them from their design, ordered his donietics to fetch his bee-hives, and throw them into the middle of the infuriated mul- titude. 'The event answered his expectations: they were immediately put to flight, and happy were those who escaped unstung.' — U. S. Gazette. It is stated, that if a bed of carnations be wa- tered at different times in the season, with a solu- tion of nitre, the good effeclsof the application will be visible by the luxuriance of the leaves, and the extraordinary dimensions of the flowers. 12 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, July 30, 1830 aCbratB of iUsetul J^noWrtacss-jFarmcvs' Series . DISEASKS OF UORSES. [Cunlinued.] DISEASES OF THE TEETH. Of the diseases of the teeth m the horse, we know little. Carious or hollow teeth have oc- casionally, but not often, been seen ; but the edges of tlie grinders from the wearing off of the ena- mel, or the irregular growth of the teeth, become rough, and wound the insivie of the cheek ; it is then necessary to adopt a summary but effectual method of cure, namely, to rasp them smooth. Many bad ulcers have been produced in the mouth, by the neglect of this. Tiie teeth sometimes grow irregularly in length, and this is particularly the case with the grinders, from not t)eing in e.xact opposition to each other, when the mouth is shut. The growth of the teeth still going on, and there being no mechan- ical opposition to it, one of the back teeth, or a portion of one of them, shoots up half an inch or more above the others. Sometimes it penetrates the bars above, and causes soreness and ulcera- tion ; at other time?, it interft-res partially, or alto- gether, with the grinding motion of the jaws, and the animal pines away without the cause being suspected. Here the saw should be used, and the projecting portion reduced to a level with the oth- er teeth. The horse which has once been sub- jected to this operation should afterwards be fre- quently examined, and especially if he lose con- dition ; and, indeed, every horse that gets thin or out of condition, without fever, or any otiier ap- parent cause, should have his teeth and mouth carefully examined, and especially if he quid {partly chewing and then dropping) his food, ■without any indication of sore throat, or if he hold bis head somewhat on one side, while he eats, in order to get the food between the outer edges of the teeth. A horse that has once had very irregular teeth is materially lessened in value, for, although they may be sawn down as care- fully as possible, they will jiroject again at no great distance of time. DISE.4SES OF THE TONGDE. The tongue is sometimes exposed to injury, from carelessness or violence in the act of drench- ing, or administering a ball, being pressed against, and cut by the edges of the grinders. A little diluted tincture of myrrh, or alum, dissolved in water, or even nature unassisted, will speedily heal the wound. The horse will bite his ton- gue,— most frequently in his sleep. If the injury be trifling, it requires little care ; but in some in- stances, a portion of the tongue will be torn or nearly bitten off, and the assistance of a veterinary practitioner will be needed. Bladders will sometimes appear along the under siile of the tongue, which will increase to a con- siderable size, and the tongue itself will be much enlarged, and the animal will be unable to swal- low, and a great quantity of ropy saliva will drivel from the mouth. This disease often exists with- out the nature of it being suspected. It resembles what is called the blain in the cow, which is a very serious complaint in that animal, frequently connected with much fever, and terminating insuf- cation. If the mouth of the horse be opened, one large bladder, or a succession of bladders of a purple hue, will be seen to extend along the ■whole of the under side of the tongue. If they be lanced freely and deeply, from end to end, the swelling will very rapidly abate, and any little fever that remains may be subdued by cooling medicine. The cause of this disease is not clear- ly known. It usually proceeds, perhaps, from iu- digestioH, connected with a general tendency to inflammation. THE STRANGLES. This is a disease principally incident to young horses — usually appearing between the fourth and fifth year, and oftener in the spring than in any other part of the year. It is preceded by cough, and can at first be scarcely distinguished from common cough, except that there is more dis- charge from the nostril, of a yellowish color, mix- ed with matter, but generally without smell ; and likewise a considerable discharge of ropy fluid from the mouth, and greater swelling than usual under the throat. This swelling increases with uncertain rapidity, accompanied by some fever, and disinclination to eat, partly arising from the fever, but more from the pain the animal feels in the act of chewing. There is considerable thirst ; but after a gidp or two, the horse ceases to drink, yet is evidently desirous of more. In the attempt to swallow, and sometimes when not drinking, a convulsive cough comes on, which almost threat- ens to suffocate the animal, and thence probably the name of the disease. The tumor is about the centre of the channel under the jaw, it soon fills the whole of the space, and is evidently one uni- form body, and may thus be distinguished from tllanders, or the enlarged glands of catarrh. At length the centre of it becomes more prominent and softer, and it evidently contains a fluid. This rapidly increases, the tumor bursts and a great quantity of pus is discharged. As soon as the tu- mor has broken, the cough subsides, and the horse speedily mends although some degree of weak- ness may hang about him for a considerable time. The treatment of strangles is very simple. As the essence of the disease consists in the forma- tion and suppuration of the tumor under the jaw, the principal, or almost the sole attention of the practitioner should be directed to the hastening of these processes: therefore, as soon as the tumor of strangles evidently appears, the part should be actively blistered. Old practitioners used to rec- ommend poultices ; which, from the thickness of the horse's skin, inust have very little effect, even if they could be confined on the part ; and from the difiiculty and almost imi)ossibility of this, and their getting cold and hard, they must weaken the energies of nature, and delay the ripening of the tumor. Fomentations are little more effect- ual. A blister will not only secure the comple- tion of the process, but hasten it by many days, and save the patient much pain and exhaustion; and it will produce another good effect — it will, previous to the opening of the tumor, abate the internal inflammation and soreness of the throat, and thus lesson the cough and wheezing. As soon as the swelling is soft on the top, and evidently contains matter, it should be deeply and freely lanced. It is a bad, although frequent practice, to suffer the tumor to burst naturally, by which a ragged ulcer is formed, very slow to heal and difiicult of treatment. If the incision is deep and large enough, no second collection of matter will be formed : and that which is already formed may be suffered to run out slowly, all pressure with the fingers being avoided. The part should be kept clean, and a little friar's bal- sam daily injected into the wound. The remainder of the treatment will depend on the symptoms. If there is much fever, and evident affection of the chest, and which should carefully be distinguished from the oppressioi' and choking occasioned by the pressure of the tumor, it will he proper to bleed. In the majority of cases, however, bleeding will not only be un- necessary, but injurious. It will delay the sup- puration of the tumor, and increase the subse- quent debility. A few cooling medicines, as ni- tre, emetic tartar, and perhaps digitalis, may be given, as the case requires. The appetite, or rather the ability to eat, will return with the open- ing of the abscess. Bran-mashes, or fresh cut grass or tares, should be liberally supplied, which will not only afford suflicient nourishment to re- cruit the strength of the animal, but keep the bovi^els gently open. If the weakness be not great, no further medicine will be wanted, except a dose of mild physic, to prevent the swellings or eruptions which sometimes succeed to strangles. In cases of debility, a small quantity of tonic medicine, as camomile, and gentian with ginger, in doses of a couple of drachms, may be adminis- tered. As strangles seem to be a disease from which few horses escape, and which, although attended witli little danger, is sometimes tedious in its pro- gress, and accompanied by much debility, some foreign veterinary surgeons have endeavored to produce a milder disorder by inociilaiing, either with the matter from the tuinor, or the discharge froH the nose; and it is said that a disease, with all the characters of strangles, but shorter and milder in its course, has supervened. English practitioners have not, we believe, tried the ex- peiiment. CANKER AND WOUNDS IN THE MODTH. The mouth is injured much oftener than the careless owner suspects, by the pressure of a sharp bit. Not only are the bars wounded and deeply ulcerated, but the lower jaw between the tush and the grinders is sometimes torn even to the bone, and the bone itself affected, and por- tions of it come away. It may be necessary to have a sharp bit for the headstrong and obstinate beast, yet if that be severely and unjustifiably call- ed into exercise, the animal may rear, and endan- ger himself and his rider; but there can be no occasion for a thousandth part of the torment which the trappings of the mouth often inflict on a willing and docile servant, and which either render the month hard, and destroy all the pleas- ure of riding, or cause the horse to become fret- ful or vicious. From the Westfield Register. AGRICULTURAL. Mr Hdntington — As it seems to be the fash- ion of the day to communicate the result of ex- periment, as well in husbandry as in the arts and sciences, I beg leave to offer through the medium of your paper, the following statement: In the spring of 1828, having a piece of wet land near my house, which would probably be most aptly called Bog Meadow, through which runs a brook about six rods from the bank or up- land. I hired three men with canal wheelbarrows, and carried on loam from the adjoining upland, (which when I commenced, was a steep elevation of 6 or 8 feet ebove the meadow,) covering the land to the depth of about six inolies. I then sowed Herds Grass seed plentifully upon the earth and raked it in ; and covered the whole with a coat of hog manure. The first summer of course Vol. IX.— No 2. AND HOllTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 13 mowcu liay, but louiul the weeds so nbuiiil- U tliat I tliouglit it expedient to cut tlieiti and 1st tlierii into my barn yard for taaiuire. The t summer I loiind my crop of hay excellent, )th in quality and iiu;intity, and mowed two gooil ■ops from it. — The last spring, I again manured e land, and have now gathered the first crop ; e result is as follows. From one hundred and eight rods of land, by curate measurcnirnt. 1 found, wlien we had ked it into heaps prepared for carting, thty iiountcd to seventy ; and as the hay was of an cellent quality and in fine order, I determined ascertain, as near as could bo done without too jch expense, the quantity of it. For this j)ar- se, therefore, I selected two of the heaps, such were thought by myself and ray men to pre- at a fair average of the whole tract then mow- and found the average weight of them to be e hundred and four pounds — which, con- lueiitly would give me 7280 lbs. for the tract 180 rods — and which at the same rate, will e five tons and 78.5 pounds to the acre. The expense of carrying the loam on to the adow, as near as 1 could ascertain, was about snty dollars per acre ; — and before this improve- nt, the land probably yielded not more than a 1 to the acre, and that a very coarse and infe- r quality. It ought perhaps to be stated that above calculations are all made in net weight, I I believe the resiih fairly stated. Yours, &c. JAMES FOWLER. Wesljidd, July, 3, 1830. SLEEP OF CHILDREN, [nfants, from the time of their birth, should be ■ouraged to sleep in the night in preference to day ; therefore, mothers and nurses ought to love everything which may tend to disturb thsir t, and not to attend to every call for taking m up and giving food at improper periods, ints cannot sleep too long ; when they enjoy a Ti, long-continued rest, it is a favorable symp- 1. Until the tliird year, children generally re- re a little sleep in the middle of the day ; for, that age, half their time may safely be allotted leep. Every succeeding year, the time ought le shortened one hour ; so that a child seven rs old may sleep about ten hours. Children ht to rise at six o'clock in the sunmier, and seven in the winter. It is extremely in- icious to awaken children with a noise, or ry titem immediately from a dark room into glaring light, or against a dazzling wall : the den impression of light may debilitate the organs vision, and lay the foundation of weak eyes, t clothes or linen should never be allowed to liung to dry in the bed-room, as an impure at- 5phere is attended with various and often fatal sequences. — Banish (says Professor Hufeland) her beds, as they are unnatural and debilitating trivances. — The bedstead should not be placed low on the floor; and it it highly impro[M;r to er childron to sleep on a couch which is made hout a sufiicient elevation from the ground. — )k of Htallh. A SISTER'S LOVE. There is no purer feeling kindled upon the altar luman affection, than a sister's pure, uncontam- ted love for her brother. It is unlike all other ction; so disconnected with selfish sensuality; feminine in its developement ; so dignified, and withal, so fond, so devoted. Nothing can al- ter it, nothing can suppress it. The world may revolve, and its revolution effect changes in the fortunes, in the character, and in the disposition of her brother ; yet if he wants, whose hand will so readily stretch out to supply him, as that of his sister.' and if his character is maligned, whose voice will so readily swell iii his advocacy ? Next to a mother's unquenchable love, a sister's is pre- eminent. It rests so exclusively on the tic of con- sanguinity for its sustenance ; it is so wholly di- vested of passion, and springs from sucli a deep recess in the human bosom, that when a sister once fondly and deeply regards her brother, that affection is blended with her existence, and the lamp that nourishes it expires oidy with that ex- istence. In all the annals of crime, it is consid- ered anomalous to find the hand of a sister raised in anger against her brother, or her heart nurtu- ring the seeds of hatred, envy or revenge in re- gard to that brother. To clean the Teeth — Pulverized chalk is said to to be the best application to remove the tartaron tiie teeth, and powdered charcoal will prevent its forma- tion. Vinegar or any other acid will injiu'e the enamel. If the teeth and gun)s are brushed every morning before breakfast with fine powdered charcoal or soot, and a stiff brush, they will be perfectly clean, and you will seldom if ever be pained with the tooth ache. Fashionable Singing. — The' Editor of the Au- gusta Courier, in remarking upon Mrs Plumer's singing, says that he would as soon listen to a steam boat letting off her steam, as to a fashiona- ble singer who stands and cries ba — a — a — a for a quarter of an hour atastretch. We agree with him Camden Journal, TO PARENTS. [ The following is an extract from the ' Frugal House- wife.'] ' lu early childhood, yon lay the foundation of poverty or riches, in the habits you give your chil- dren. Teach them to save every thing, — not for their own use, for that would make them selfish, — but for same use. Teach them to share ■'every- thing v/itli their play mates; but never allow them to destroy any thing. ' I once visited a family where the most exact economy was observed ; yet nothing was mean, or uncomfirtable. It is the character of true economy to be as comfortable and genteel with a little, as others can be with much. In this family when the father brought home a package, the older children woulil, of their own accord, put away the paper and twine neatly, instead of throw- ing them in the fire, or tearing them to pieces. If the little one wanted a piece of twine to play scratch-cradle, or sjiin a top, there it was in read- iness; and when they threw it on the floor, the older children had no need to be told to put it again in its place. ' Economy ia generally despised as a low vir- tue, tending to make people ungenerous and sel- fish. This is true of avarice ; but it is not so of economy. The man who is economical, is laying up for himself the permament power of being useful and generous. He who thoughtlessly gives away ten dollars, when he owes a hundred more than he can pay, deserves no praise, — he obeys a sudden impulse, more like instinct than reason ; it would he real charity to check tliis feeling ; be- cause the good he does may be doubtful, while the injury he does his family and creditors is cer- tain. True economy is a careful treasure in the service of benevoletice ; and where they are unit, ed, respectability, prosperity, and peace will fol- low.' [The following was addressed to a farmer, of Perm, who brought a bottle of ine oil to Mary- land— at a large dinner party on Elkridge of gen- llem en from town and country, of whom we had the pleasure to be one, the salad was dressed with this sun flower oil. It was eaten, and pronounc- ed to be excellenlly well dressed, no body sus- pecting it not to be olive oil. When the Rriiish treaty was made, cotton was deemed to be an exo- tic product, unworthy of regard.] — American Far- mer. TuE Sun Flower — its culture — product — proper- ties, uses and value. The sun flower is cultivated like Indian corn, planted in rows — the rows three feet apart and stalks eighteen inches. Any land which produces corn will yield from 50 to 70 bushels per acre, and it is worth 75 cents a bushel. The single headed kind is . preferable, and as soon as ripe, which is known by its shattering — the heads are taken off, carted to the barn floor, and immediately threshed out with the flail, it should be cleaned with the wind mill, [ or fan we suppose,] and then spread out, and occasionally turned or stirred to become dry, if left upon a large heap it may mould. By an improved mode of extracting the oil, a bushel of seed yields a gallon of oil — three quarts cold pressed, and one quart by heating. The cake when ground is very nutritive as cattle feed, and will pay the expense of the miller. The oil used as a jjurgative appears to have the same effect as castor oil, without the nausea. Of the bottles sent, one marked with a yellow ribbon, was expressed about two months ago — the three other bottles were expressed four weeks since. The first is clearer, owing to the differ- ence of the four weeks ; it clarifies without any preparation. The three bottles are finer in their titste than that marked, which is owing to an im- provement in the machinery for making it. A bushel of seed will plant about 10 acres. I can furnish any gentlemen disposed to cultivate it with the best seed. I expect to raise about 500 bushels this season, and have engaged others in raising probably as much more. CHAS. A BARNITZ, Tiie Paris Central Society of Agriculture, at its last sitting, awarded the following prizes: — 2000 I'rancs to Messrs Flackat and Mulot, for their pro- cess of boring for Artesian wells. Another, for the same object, to Messrs. Fraisse and Poituvin ; and also a gold medal to M. Favel. 1000 francs to M. Payen for a memoir on the use which may be made of the carcases of domestic animals when dead ; and other prizes, of small amounts', on different subjects, making altogether 7000 francs. Several gold and silver medals were also presented. The prizes of next year are to be, first, 1500 francs for the best treatise on the use which may he made of the dead bodies of domes- tic onimals : 1500 francs for the best treatise on the blindness of horses: 3500 francs for the best model of a threshing and winnowing machine 5 3000 francs for the best treatise on the mode of boring for water : 1000 francs for the best treat.' ise on the culture of the pink poppy. Three prizes are also announced for 1834. 14 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, July 30, 1830. £ri3N57 ssT(aaiisra) s*iii23iai2jij BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1830. Mr FEssEPfDEif — I beg leave to offer the fol- lowing remarks for the benefit of that portion of your readers, who have faith in most things which they find in print, especially if found printed in the New England Farmer. Respect is certainly due to the opinion of your correspondents — greater respect is due to the dis- cernment of the most er)lightened portion of your aubscrihers, but I submit the fpiestion to your can- did decision, if the greatest respect on the score of usefulness is Jiot due to those who feel and acknowledge their want of light, and seek it through tho medium of your valuable paper. Would it not therefore be well to let every un- sound opinion, which is offered for publication, be accompanied by some corrective editorial remark ? The cultivation of the wild cherry tree has been recommended for the purpose of attracting the caterpillar from apple trees. Let us reflect on this a moment, and see if the preservation of seeil caterpillars amounts to anything more oi less than the encouragement of emigration from their favorite cherry trees to the remotest part of the surrounding orchards as is thair practice at the time of dcpoait'mg their eggs.' - The raising of orchards from cuttings has its advocates, by placing the end of each slip in a potato, then plant it out, and the whole business is done. Who from their own reasoning could have believed that there was such affinity between various kinds of trees and plants and the juice of a raw potato ? Surely no one ; but having faith 4n what is printed, many have witnessed the hope- ful prospect of a blessed heri'alter, that is about to be realized by a ijost of roses, I7iyrtles, gerani- ums, and other slips at this present time, which are gone, or going to their long homes.^ The great body of our farmers are not horticul- turists. An erroneous opinion prevails among them that orchards, young or old, should not be ploughed. The article, which appeared in your paper of the eleventh of June, which recommend- ed hand hoeing, and top dressing with manure, instead of ploughing and -planting for a crop, has been misunderstood by some who consider grass as no crop at all, particularly in pastures, and be- lieve that to have h-^cn the impression of the au- tlror of the piece referred to — Iiut his plan is to permit uothing to grow under fruit trees, or vines, which is correct, and should bo adopted by men of wealth, or by every one in the cultivation of nice and valuable fruits, near a good market. I»ut orchards of cider apples, and even choice table fruit, whore land is cheap, and no demand for it, should always be set out in a rich moist pasture. ^ As there are but few farmers who can be in- ci-H&ed to keep their orchards free of grass and weeds, and be contented only with a crop of fruit, would it not be well to tecommond to them the next best course, which is to plough shallow, so as not to cut off any small roots, manure as much as can be effectual, cultivate annually a crop of some kind among their trees. But be sure that neither corn nor potatoes be planted within four feet of any tree. To plant potatoes round the root of a tree when it is transplanted, is as wi.se as it would ■ be to set pig weeds in a cornfield, and grass is as destructive to an orchard as weeds are to a garden. But grass is least injurious when closely fed off on the ground. I am vour obedient servent. Providenct, July, 1830. AN ORCHARDIST. NOTES BY THE EDITOR. 1 We have heretefore endeavored to anticipate objections, and prevent errors on this subject. In the fifth volume of the New England Farmer, page 358, column second, the following article may be found recorded : CATERPILLARS AND THE BIRD CUERRY. In the current volume of the New England Farmer, pago 3 1 4, an article was republished rec- ommending to plant the Bird Cherry {Pruims Padus) in orchards, as a place of resort for cater- pillars ; as those insects have such a partiality for the leaves of that tree, that they will congregate on them and leave all other trees within one or tvvo hundred yards distance untouched. A friend- ly horticulturist has suggested to the editor that the article alluded to might be the means of mis- chief, by inducing cultivators to raise those cherry trees and thus favor the multiplication of the in- sects by furnishing them with the food to which they are most partial ; — those gentlemen in the neighborliood of Boston, who are friendly to the pursuits of horticulture, have taken great pnins to extirpate the bird cherry, endeavoring to procure its entire destruction in fields and forests, as well as in gardens and orchards. It appears to us, however, that the article, properly understood, may be of service. The cherry trees, as we comprehend the matter, are intended merely as decoys, or traps to catch cat- erpillars.— But yon must be careful to destroy the caterpillars on the trees, when they are taken. If you catch, and feed and let them go at large, you become instrumental in their propagation. It may be perfectly correct to destroy all the wild cherry trees, except those which can be used to allure caterpillars to destruction. But if we are not misinformed, the timber of the wild cherry tree is valuable, and the bark useful in medicine. - We have not seen any recommendation, from any cultivator, whose authority can be relied on for setting slips or cuttings in a potato, and plant- ing them out in that position. But we are not prepared to say that a process of that kind would not succeed with some plants, in some cases,- though we doubt whether that mode of propaga- tion will often be found expedient. 3 There are several articles in our paper of the eleventh of June last, relating to the culture of fruit trees, which concur in recommending to or- chardists, when fruit is the principal object of cul- ture on any particular piece of ground, not to cumber the premises with other crops. In one of those articles, a quotation is given from Vernon's translation of a French treatise on the cultivation of the Mulberry tree, in which the translator con- demns the general usage of the farmers of our country, in taking a crop of grain, of roots or of grass from their orchards. And states that ' At Montreuil, a village of nearly twenty thousand inhabitants, all maintained by the cultivation of fiiiit for the supply of the city of Paris, a ])ro- prietor will not allow even a plant of lettuce to be grown near fruit trees. Every particle of the sur- face of the ground is there kept in a friable state to the full extent of the roots of the tree; a due proportion of manure is every year worked into the soil' &c. [see p. 374, col. 1.] It is true that Nicol, a Scotch gardener, reco mends a somewhat different mode of cultivatl fruit trees, and allows an orchard to be laid do' to grass after the eighth year, [same page abo referred to.] Deane's New England Farmer, lit wise, art. orchard, observes, that ' orchards whi are laid down to grass last longest ; but it is i cessary to keei) the ground clear of weeds a grass for some little distance from the roo When trees in an orchard are so large as shade most of the ground, little besides grass v grow under them. And the leaves which i from the trees, together with their shade, will p vent the sward from becoming too tough and m ted for roots of the trees to penetrate it. We I lieve, however, that the ground should always stirred about young trees, but not so deeply as injure the roots. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIEl FRUITS. Silurilaj, Julj 24, 183 Cherries. — From Gen. Dearborn, fruit of Belle et Magnifiquc. The tree was received fr Vilmorin's Nursery in 1823 or '25, and truly is magnificent appearance ; color red, with wl spots, or mottled, a valuable fruit from its lateni The tree is very vigorous and a good beai From Mr Robert Manning, a French Cherry fair appearance, but rather acid flavor. Jlpplcs. — From Col. George Gibes, of Sa wich, L. I. near New York, fruit of a fine .^p that rijiens with him about the 1st of July. T tree imi)orted from Europe thirty years since, ns unknown. From E. Bartlett, Esq. of Roxbi fruit of the early Nonsuch, (ripe July 10,) i Juneating ; both in pleasant eating and good fi Also fruit of the Winter Pearmain and Rock pie, of the last season, in good presei-vation ; latter has been kept four and five months into second year. From S. Downer, of Dorchei an apple well known in the market for some y( past, under the name Queen, Ladies, &c. original tree of this variety, we learn from C Benjamin Williams, of Roxbury, was a Wih which grew on his farm, which was blown di some years since. This fruit is deservedly b vorite as a summer apple. The color is a r beautiful Red, varies from light to very darl the sunny side. Shape oblong and very perl medium size, sprightly, and very pleasant, riper in succession, commencing about the 1st of Aug The tree grows upright and thrifty, and is a ( stnnt and good bearer. It is getting much ci vated in this vicinity. The committee reco mm that it be called the Williams Apple. Fron Howe, from the garden of S. Downer, fruit of Early River Apple. This fruit is said to h originated near the Connecticut River, and good summer fruit, over medium size ; cole yellowish green, with red stri|)es on one pleasant flavor, and saleable in the market, rip in succession, also the Early Harvest Apple, ag flavored, yellowish white, saleable fruit. Apncots. — From E. Phinney, Esq. of Lexi ton, fruit of the Moor Park Apricot, of fine pearance, measuring six inches in circumfeiei Pears. — From Mr E. D. Richards, of Dedh fruit of the Madeleime (of Cox, No. 3,) CitroD Canines, Green ChisscI, or Early Chaumonti one of our best summer' Pears, and a good bea Plums. — From R. Howe, from S. Down Garden, fruit of the Jaune Hative, Early Yel or White Primordian, called in our market Bil V„1.1X.— No.5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 15 tlum. A Yellow Plum of fair size and of good avor. The tree blossoms full but the fruit is ncertain in setting. ffoiify. — From Mr Artemas Rogers, of Wa- irtown, four boxes and one tumbler of Honey. 'he bo.ves were taken from the top of one hive, nd contained about 4 lbs. each, of a pure white Ofieyand comb. Mr R. commenced in the spring 'ithone hive from which he has had two swiirnia- S. DOWNER. Remtdyfor drinking cold water when heated. — A ■iend in Rcxbury informs us that a person who had laterially injured himself by drinking freely of cold ater, when very warm, inconsequence of exertions making hay, was restored to health by the appli- ition of bruised horse-radish leaves and onions to le stomach and bowels. Sugar from Beet roots. — The French appear de- jrmined to carry on this manufacture : the quali- ty made in France is abont 4,000 tons a year, he cost is as yet considerably greater than that f West India sugar ; but the process is very re- nt, and the parties expect to make improve- ents which will niaterally reduce its expense. Emigrants from France. — In the ship France, tely arrived at New York from Havre, came 113 rniers from Wirtemberg and Alsace, in France. Tall Timothy. — A stalk has been cut at Norris- WD, Pa. 7 feet and 5^ inches in height. The Salem N. Y. Post states that the ffheat Crop hich has looked remarkably promising, is now cely to be greatly injured, and in some instances most entirely cut off, by an insect, which is found, great numbers, in the head of the grain. It ia of yellowish color, and about the tenth of an inch in ngth. It is within the hull, where it fastens upon e kernel, and saps the juices and destroys the life ■ the wheat. It is stated, that if a bed of carnations be watered different times in the season, with a solution of tre, the good effects of the application will be visi- e by the luxuriance of the leaves, and the extra or- nary dimensions of the flowers. The expenses for the support of the poor of the ty of New York, during the past year, (1829) uounted to one hundred and twentyfour thous- id dollars. Rata Baga Seed. Just received at the Seedslore connected with the New agland Farmer, 52 North Maiket-srreet, A few pounds of the new Red Top Ruta Baga Turnip ied, ffGm Scotland, where it is considered much superior the common sort. Also, 100 lbs. of the common Yellow Top Ruta Baga, I warranted of the first quality. Chloride of Soda. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the N. E. Farmer, 52 North Market-street — A lew dozen bottles of Chloride of Soda, for preserving meat, removing offensive smells, neutralizing pestilential exhalations, and destroy- ing contagion ; prepared by the New England chemical company for Lowe and Reed. This valuable article is particularly described, page 390 of this week's New Eng- land Farmer. — Price $1,00 per bottle, with directions. olivar Calves, Saxony Bucks, and Bremen Geese. For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired by the celebrated im- )rted improved Durham short horned bull Bolivar, hich stock have produced 36 quarts of milk a day. No. dam Grey Brown, half Ccelebs and half Galloway. No. dam Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, :r sire Ccelebs, her dam Mr Gi-ay'a imported. Cow, No. dam Beauty, half Coslebs and half Galloway. The alves are beautiful, and their dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlings , and 2 Lambs, pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shurt- i( S, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. if. July 9. (IT Subscribers to the New England Farmer are in- j rmed that they can have their volumes neatly half- Jund »nd lettered by sending them to this office. Turnip Seed, &,-c. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer Office, 52, North Market-street, An extensive a^isoitmenl of Turnip Seeds, of the most valuable sorts for family use or stock. The most approv- ed kinds for the farmer, are the White Dutch, White Stone, Yellow Stone and Yellow Malta. The two latter are of uncommon excellence, and keep well. Loudon describes the Yellow Malta as ' an excellent and beauti- ful root,' and of delicious flavor. Of the sorts for field culture, the White Norfolk, Yellow Aberdeen. White Flat, and Ruta Baga, are the best. The Yellow Aber- deen is most approved among the Farmers of England and Scotland, as it grows to a large size, is. very sweet and nutritious, and keeps fill June. The above seeds were saved in Europe expressly for this Establishment, and the utmost dependence may he placed on their genu- ine quality. 200 lbs. of the finest English White Flat Turnip Seed, raised this season, expressly for this Establishment, by Mr Aaro.v D. Williams, of Roxbury, and warranted of the first quality , for sale, wholesale and retail. Also, a variety of Long and Turnip rooted Radishes, suit- able for sowing the ensuing months, Long Prickly, and many other varieties of Cucumbers for pickling. July 9. Roman. This elegant, full blooded horse, a bright bay, with black legs, mane, and tail, of high spiritand good temper, will staiid at the farm of Mr Stephen Williams, in North- borough, Ms. at 20 dollars the season, to be paid before the mares are taken away. June 25 JVew IVork on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farimr Office, No. 52 North Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or. Farriery taught on a new and easy plan : being a treatise on all the diseases and accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the causes and symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies cm- ployed for the cure in every case ; with instructions to the Shoeing-Smith, Farrier, and Groom, how to acquire knowledge In the art of Farriery; and the prevention of Diseases. Preceri- * ' i 1^"~ -■-—•■-> -•-—■'' -"—s >^" "= "unc fanned, and the merchant is permitted to fish for the° I t ^ '^ ^"? ^"^. well-sustamed pressure beyond 1 cfiiuucu to nstj tor them ! the wound, on the side nearest the heart. The excel Poblishcd every Friday, ai §3 per anmini, payable al ll endoflhe year— bul Ihosewbo pay wiUiiu sixty days from it lime of subscribing, are emit led to a deduct ion of fifry cents. O" No paper willbesenl lo a distance witliou I pay mentb iiig made in advance. Primed for J. B. Ki'Ssr.Li,. by I. R. liuxTs— by whoi all descriptions of Fiiiuing can be executed to meet the wisli< ofcuslomers. Ordersfor printing received by J. B. Russeli ailiie Agricollural Warcliousc No. .i2 Norib MartelSlree AGENTS. New York—(i . Thorburn & Son, C7 Liberly-streel. Philadelphia— 1). & V Lanfiketh. !)5 Clioslnut-slreet. Baltimore — G. H. Smith, Office ofihe American Farmer. Albany — Hnu. Jesse Huel. l. Flushing, N. Y. Wm. Prince & Sons, Prop. Lia. Bot.Garde^J** //ai(/brear-tree3. We had no intention of being ' pungent,' and our similes were meant to elucidate, not to throw an air of ridicule on the subject. The quotations from Coxo and Miller were intended to corroborate the opinions of ' Agri- cola,' who observes 'that there is a disease often affecting the pear tree, external indications of which are similar to those exhibited on limbs of that tree girdled by bugs or insects, which origi- nates from an entirely different cause.' The fact is, that like some other cross-grained people we sometimes have the appearance of being a little tart, without being aware of our testiness. If the author of ' Agricola' is the person to whom we attributed that article he is the last per- 22 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Augusts, 1830. r son in the world to whom we would wittingly or 'vvillingly give any cause of oftoiice. And wlien ■we observed that ' the blight mentioned above by •" Agricola''' is probably what is called by writers -fire blight, the blight in the limb of a jiear tree sent us by Dr Fiske was, no doubt, caused by ScoZyiJS ;ji/rt,' we intended merely to express our concurrence in opinion with ' Agricota,' and we tlien quoted certain authors as nulhorilies on the same side of the question, without wishing to claim any ' inferences' of our own which were not deduci- ble as well from Agricola's premises as from other sources. In short our article was meant to be understood as an approving and corroboraling comment on that writer's teii. Since writing the above wc have conversed with Dr Harris, of Milton, whose acqnisitiotis in entomological science are as honorable to himself as beneficial to the community ; who expressed his acquiescence in these opinions, advanced as well by A<;ricola as the writer of this article, rel- .ative to different causes of blight in pear-trees. SCIENTIFIC, JUDICIOUS, AND PROFITA- BLE FARMING. We have lately enjoyed the pleasure of viewing thebeneficial resuhs of correct cultivation, as ex- liibited on a farm of about 140 acres, 80 acres under cultivation, belonging to Elias Phinney, Esq. of Lexington, Mass. Mr Phinney began to cultivate this place about seven years since. The farm, previous to that time, though mostly cleared from its native growth of wood, shrubs, &c, was ' cnn-ied on,' according to the old fashioned modes of fanning, in which every agricultural operation was conducted witli the least possible labor, and the crops were in due proportion to the deficiency of science, means, and exertion used for obtaining them. • The grass-land was ' hound out' that is, the sward was so matted and tufted as to be almost unfit for vegetation ; and the plough-land was ^run out,' or exhausted of food for plants; and no judi- cious methods were adopted for accumulating, preserving, and making the most of manure. The amount of hay usually cut on the farm, was from 7 to 10 tons a season ; and the other produce in about tiie then usual proportion to that quantity of .liay, on similar farms in this section of the country. Mr Phinney, however, within the seven years to which Ids superintendence and occupancy have extended, iias about ten folded the ordinary a7inual produce o/ the farm ! Instead of from seven to to ten, he now cuts seventy or eighty tons of hay, and obtains other articles of customary culture in New England, in about the same [jroportion. He has, moreover, successfully introduced new pro- ducts as well as new modes of cultivution. Among others, the Tall Meadow Oats Grass, (Ave- na elatior) of which he favored us with some no- tices given in the New Engla^.d Fanner, vol. viii. I). 300. In these he states that ' in the Spring of 1827, I sowed with barley a field of four acres and put on 2i bushels of oat grass seed per acre, (3 would have been better) 5 pounds 9f red clover, and 2 of white clover seed to the acre. The soil, was thin aftd had been exhausted by long crop, ping. I intended it for jiasturing, but in the spring i', looked so promising that I concluded to mow it the first season. On the 3d of June, 1328, it was cm, and gave me two tons to the acre, of the fin- est and best hay either for cattle or horses, I have ever had in my barn.' "Mr Phinney's farm is adorned with an orchard. composed wholly of choice fruits, for which its | owner, in 1827, received from the Massachusetts] Agricultural Society, a premium of a silver cup of the value of 20 dollars. Mr Lowell, then Presi- dent of that Society, in an address, delivered at its public meeting, Oct. 17th, 1827, slates that a 'committee ai)pointed to examine orchards, for which application had been made for a preiniiun, examined an orchard planted by F.lias Phinney, Esq. of Charlestown and Lexington. iMr Phinney selected a most fiivorable spot, declining towards the south, covered five years since with shrub- oaks and rock.s, and there planted his orchard, 400 trees in niunber, of the best fruits. The trees were in the most beautiful condition — every su- perfluous twig carefully and judiciously extirpated, aiid their general health gave the best evit of inmon culture in this section of the country, ch as grapes, tomatoes, Sinclair beets, a variety choice and rare fruits. &c, &c, Hia barn is large and well adapted to the piir- wes of utility and convenience ; and every part his premises shows that science, skill, and in- istry have united to produce a pattern farm, d place its owner in the front rank of New En- ^ind Cultivators. ; Another excellent farm in tlie neighborhood of !r Pliinney's, owned and cultivated by Capt. ii.MFL Chandler, will soon receive such noti- (s as our time, room and opportunities for ex- uiniiig its improvements may hereafter admit. riDDLESEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Thi^ public are reininded that the Committee on linnrf. Fruit and Forest Trees, will attend to their < ty 111 the course of a few weeks — and that appli- I'liii must be seasonably made either to the Secre- Iv of the Society, in Concord, or to one of the t lowing f Trustees. — Edward VVetherbee, of Acton. Stephen lynian, Ashby. Michael Crosby, Bedford. Paul liyward, Boxboro'. William Winn, Burlington. f Lmuel P. P. Fay, Cambridge. John Nelson, Carlisle. ihn Soley, Charhstoimi. Nath'l Hayward, Chelms- f-d. Nathan M. Wright, Concord. Benjamin F. 1 irnum, Dracutt. George Wright, Dunstable. James (;-apcr. East Sudbury. James Brown, Framingham. Inathan H. Loring, Groton. Elihu Cutter, Holli-s- \1. Nathan Phipps, Hopkinton. Daniel Chandler, iixington. Ephraim Flint, Lincoln. Jacob Priest, ptlelon. Phineas Whiting, Z/Oi/;eii. Jonathan Rice farlboro'. Nathan Adams, Jr., Medford. Job jrooks, JVatick. Abel Jewett, PeppgrelL Edmund Parker, Reading. Daniel Leland, Sherburne. Mosos Whitney, Stow. Burrage Yale, South Reading. Thomas Whitney, Shirley. Josiah H. Adams, Sud- bury. Josiah Brown, Tewskbury. Simon Thom|)son, Ti/iigsburo'. Naluim Hardy, Haltham. John Clark, yiatertown. Lucius Reed, /fe«(/brrf. Abijah Thomp- son, If'oburn. John Baldwin, Billerica. William Cotting, If'est Cambridge. The Trustees in the several towns are requested to notify the Secretary of all applications made to them for premiums on Farms. JOHN STACY, Secretary. Concord, July 24, 1830. Bolivar Calves, Saxony Bucks, and Bremen GceSc For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired liy tlic celebrated im- ported iinpioved Durham short horned bull Uolivar which stock have inoduced IS6 quarts of milk a day. No' 1, dam Grey Brown, half Coelehs and half Galloway. No- 2, dam Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, her sire Ca'Icbs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Cow. No. 4, dam Beauty, half Coelebs and half Galloway. The Calve.9 are beautiful, and their dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlings, and 2 Lambs. 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shurt- leff, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. tf. July 9. To CoRRESPo.NDENTS. — A Very Valuable and elab- orate article on the importance of the cultuKe of Silk in the United States, and on the new Chinese Mul- berry tree (Morns Multicaulis,) by Gen. Dearborn, was received too late for this week's paper — also one on the Passe Colmar and Napoleon pears, from Mr Prince, of New York — and one on the best mode of cultivating the Potato onion. Yellow Locust Seed, Sfc. For sale at the Seed Store' connected with the New England Farmer, 53 North Market-street, Fifty pounds of genuine and fresh yellow Locust Seed, saved for us by a gentleman in Harrisburg, Pa. The excellence of this timber for posts, its uses in ship building, its easy culture, rapid growth, &c. recommend it to the notice of farmers. Directions for its culture furnished gratis. Also, seed of the Gleditschiatriacanthos, oilioney Locust — or three thorned Acacia, — for live fences. This is the sort recommended bj Judge Buel, (in the New England Farmer, vol. viii. page 1G4) as the best plant that can be cultivated for hedges: of very rapid growth, long and abundant thorns, and with hard and strong wood, and it is attacked by no insect, which gives it a decided advantage over Hawthorns. Auff. G. Ruta Baga Seed. Just received at the Seed store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A few pounds of the new Red Top Ruta Baga Turnip Seed, from Scotland, where it is considered much superior to the common sort. Also, 100 lbs. of the common Yellow Top Ruta Baga, all warranted of the first quality. Turnip Seed, fyc. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer Office, 52 North Market-street, An extensive assortment of Turnip Seeds, of the most valuable sorts for family use or stock. The most approv- ed kinds for the farmer, are the White Dutch, White Stone, Yellow Stone and Yc-llow Malta. The two latter are of uncommon excellence, and keep well. Loudon describes the Yellow Malta as ' an excellent and beauti- ful root,' and of delicious flavor. Of the sorts for field culture, the White Norfolk, Yellow Aberdeen. White Flat, and Ruta Baga, are the best. The Yellow Aber- deen is most approved among the Farmers of England and Scotland, as it grows to a large size, is very sweet and nutritious, and keeps till June. The above seeds were saved in Europe expressly for this Establishment, and the utmost dependence may be placed nn their genu- ine quality. 200 lbs. of the finest English White Flat Turnip Seed, raised this season, expressly for this Establishment, by Mr Aaron D. Williams, of Roxbury, and warranted of the first quality , for sale, wholesale and retail. .'Vlso, a variety of Long and Turnip rooted Radishes, suit- able for sowing the ensuing months. Long Prickly, and many other varieties of Cucumbers for pickling. July 9 Chloride of Soda. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the N. E Farmer, 52 North Market-street — A few dozen bottles of Chloride of Soda, for preserving meat, removing offensive smells, neutralizing pestilential exhalations, and destroy- ing contagion ; prepared by the New England chemical company for Lowe and Reed. This valuable article is particularly described, page 390 of this week's New Eng- land Farmer. — Price $L00 pcr bottle, with directions. PRICES OF COUATTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, new, ASHES, pol.lir.sl sort. Pearl, first son, - 1?EANS, white, - - j BEEF, mess, Cargo, No. 1, I Cargo, No. 2, liUTTEK, inspected, No. I, new, CHEESE, new milk, - . . Skimmed milk. FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-stneet, - Genesee, - - - Rye, bebt, - - - GRAIN, Corn, Rye, Barley, Oats, HAY, HOti'S LARD, firsl son, neiv, HOPS, 1st quality. ... LIME. .... FLAISTER PARIS retails al I'ORK, clear, Navy, mess, Cargo, No. 1, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, Orcliard Grass, Fowl Meadow, - Tall Meadow Oats Grass, Red Top (northern,) Lucerne, - - - . White Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (norlhern) WOOL, K«rino, (Bw blood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed. Merino, three fourths washed, Merino, half blood, Merino, quarter Native, washed. Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Fulled, Lamb's, second sort, Pulled, " spinning, first sort,l FROM TO jarrel. 2' 00 3 00 ton. 115 00 120 to '< i33 00 135 00 rjsh.:l. I 00 1 25 barrel. 9 2.5 10 50 ti 9 00 9 50 6 50 6 70 pound. 10 13 7 8 3 5 barrel. 5 37 5 53 " 5 37 5 75 3 SO 3 87 bushel. 46 55 65 67 00 dogs with them, as tasters. If they drink with impu- nity, men will have nothing to fear. Census of Boston.— yhe population of Boston falls some short of G1,000. The population in 18'20 was 43,298. Increase in ten years about 17,500, or about 40 per cent. Moss Mattresses. — Mattresses made with fine moss are now getting into general use in Russia and Sweden. They are filled to a depth of twelve inches, are very elastic and wholesome, and the cost of re- newing them is of course trifling. Propagation of the Chinese Mulberry 1 IN the south of France. — Mr Barthere, nursr man at Toulouse, writes us, March 14, 1830, that has so far been successful in propagating the Mo. mutticaulis, that he will be ready next fall to deli' from 8 to 10,000 of them of different ages. We i glad to announce that source of supply to our nun reus applicants, for what we could neither give i sell. Mr Barthere has also experimented with t by rearing silk worms and manufacturing their silt now deposited in the Library of the Royal Hoi cultural Institute — the plants which have produc that silk were cuttings of the same year, which w< as good as those of four or five. He says that t tree does not grow so high as the white mulber but suffices to alleys and shades of eight or ten fe and is confident that in grounds and vineyards whi could hardly give two per cent, this tree will m insure at least ten percent. — HorticuU. Annales, J\ 13, April, page 44. Hovcn cattle. — A correspofident of the Buc County Intelligencer recommends the follow! remedy for cattle which have been hoven by e ing damp clover Mix a double charging of Gt powder in a pint of new milk, and give it to t animal with a horn or bottle. In nine caf out of ten, (says the writer) this will disperse t fixed air contained in the stomach, and affo relief. Oneida Indians. — Rev. Mr Davis, who accoi panics 2.50 Oneidas, removing to the neighborhO' of Green Bay, states that many of them had ma considerable progress in learning and were go agriculturists. We found one of them in o office, says the editor of the Detroit Journal, rea ing very carefully the New England Farmer, ai the general appearance of the party was in eve respect superior to that of most of the otb tribe;, with which our streets liave been throng< during the summer. JVew Work on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connect with the New England Farmer OfiSce, No. 52 Noi Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or, Farriery taught on a n( and easy plan : being a treatise on all the diseases a accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the causes a symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies ei ployed for the cure in every case ; with instructions to tl Shoeing-Smith, Farrier, and Groom, how to acqui knowledge in the art of Farriery, and the prevention Diseases. Preceded by a popular description of the ai mal functions in health, and showing the principles i which these are to be restored when disordered. By Jol Hinds, Veterinary Surgeon. With considerable additioi and improvements, particularly adapted io this countr by Thomas M. Smith, Veterinary Surgeon, and Membi of the London Veterinary Medical Society. Price $1,2 0° Subscribers to the New England Farmer are h formed that they can have their volumes neatly ha^ bound and lettered by sending them to this office. Publisliod every Friday, al g3 per annum, payable al tl end of the year — but those wlio pay wrtliin sixt} (Iwysfrom it time ofsubscrihinpr.are entiiltdio a ded-.irlion (f fifty cenm [Ij="No paper will be sent to a distance witlioulpaymenlb g made in advance. Printed for J. 15. Kussell, by I. R. Butts— by wbof all descriptions o I Printing can be executed to meet ihewisbt^ of customers. Ordersfor printing received by J. IJ. Ru.^SEL) allheAgricollural warehouse Nc.'ja North Market Stre* AGENTS. New York — G. Thorburn & Son, 67 Liberty-street. Philadelphia— 1). & C Landketh. 85 Chcstnut-slreet. Ballimore—G . I!. Smith, OIHCe ofthe American Farmer. Albany — Hon. Jesse Buel. Flushing, N. Y. Wm. Prince «&SoNs,Piop. Lin. Bot. Card* Hartford — GooriwiN &. Sons. Hall/ax, N. S. — P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder Office. Montreal, L. C. — A. Bowmak, Bookseller. NEW liMG-tAND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the AcnicuLTURiL Wareuouse.)— T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. VOL, IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY^ AUGUST 13, 18SO. NO. 4. v^®^SiIW£rii^ii^3vS)^3o FOR THE NEW ENGLAND KARMER. Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq. — Yoii will perhaps think it quite a strong remark for nie to make, when I state that the object of this coininiinicatioii is to show that Ike pear trees cuttivated at Boston under the name of ' jyapoleoti,' are wrong — and next, that all the ' Passe Colinar ' trees wliich are not itlentical with the ' .Vapoleon,' there so called, arc wrong also, as the one called 'Napoleon' is identicall)' the ' Passe Colmar.' These assertions are not ventured until after examinations made, with that scrupulous exactness which doubts itself until it attain to conviction past all doubt. I will now give the description of the Passe Colmar pear, as detailed in the London Pomological Magazine, and to which 1 find myself enabled to add more synonymes than the London Horticultural Society have done. ' PASSE COLMAR.' SynoQjmes. Fondante de Panisel, Beurre cnlmar grise, dite Precel, Poire-Preeel, Colmar epineux. Passe colmar epineux, Passe culmar g'is, dit Precel, Chapman's. 'A most abundant bearer, either as a sandard or upon a wall ; the trees make fine clean »■ n,\, and have not been observed to have the least can-i ker. The fruit has the flavor and form of the Colmar, whence its name. Wood fine, clear yellow brown, sprinkled loith a few pale brotvn spots ; leaves small, oval, tapering to both ends, erect, or spreading, nearly Jlat, not waved, toith a finely toothed margin ; stalks rather slender, ahout an inch in length, Sfc. The leaves on the fruit Sfurs are almost entire, and in this as well as in most other pears, arc narrower, with much longer stalks than those on the young wood. Flowers middle size, with pointed petals ; fruit middle size, obconical, fattened next the eye, tvhich is open ; stalk about an inch long, moderately thick, slightly sunk at its insertion ; skin green, when ripe becomes yelloicish and sprinkled toith russet, and if well exposed, having cf considerable tinge of red. The surface is somewhat uneven, icilh some slight longitudinal furrows running downwards from the stalk end ; Jlesh yellowish, melting, buttery, juicy, very rich, and most excellent. This is said on the continent to be in season from December to February. It will keep till the lat- ter period with us, but December and January are the months in which it is in its greatest perfection.' To the list of synonymes I now add the follov/- Thc synonymous title ' Chapman's,' is said in the Pomological JIagazine to have been given by a market gardener of that name, near London; but there are two other distinct fruits known in this country under the name of Chapman pear, one of which is cultivated in France, and enumerated in the catalogues of that country, and was thence imported by ourselves ; the other is a variety so called, about Philadelphia, which we also have in our collection. It is necessary, therefore, to be watchful, or we may be led into error in adopting this .synonyme. The genuine ' Napoleon ' pear, which we imported about five years since, is thus described in the Pomological Magazine, and by comparing the wood and leaves, I find it exactly to correspond. Ripe fruit I have not yet seen. ' N.4P0LE0.N' PEAR.' Synonyme. MedaUle. Wood strong, dark yellowish green, moderately sprijikled tcith whitish spots ; leaves tapering to a point, ividely serrated ; fiowers remarkably large, ex- panding late ; fruit large, form of a Colmar, an- gular about the eye, a good deal contracted in thf middle ; eye a little depressed ; stalk rather more than half an inch long, slightly sunk at the inser- tion ; skin smooth, bright green, in which state it re- mains sometime after the fruit is gathered ; it finally changes to a pale green, becomes very melting, &c. It ripens in the middle of JVovembcr, and remains in perfifction several days. It is necessary to hear in mind that this pear is not fit to eat till its deep green color become very pale ; as early as the be- ginning of October, the fruit is sweet and pleasant.' By comparing these descriptions of the trees themselves it will be perceived that two varieties are very dissimilar in several points and readily distinguishable by the most casual observer ; and the Passe Colmar has a peculiarity of growth and general appearance of wood and foliage, that give to it a most marked distinction. In addition to which it is a wittier fruit, while the Napoleon is an autumnal fruit. With your permission, I shall indulge in some occasional disquisitions on similar subjects, and point out sosne errors into which the Pomological Magazine has itself been led. With much respect, WM. ROBERT PRINCE. Linnsan Cotanic Garden, ( July 30, 1830. j of various European and American catalogues. Colmar Reul, ^ Colmar Preul, j Passe colmar vineux, > Beurre d'Argenson 9 i Boston JVapoleon. It is singular how readily the three titles ending with Precel, Reul, and Preul, may be confused with each other by a partial variation in forming the letters. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. THE POTATO ONION. This is indeed a very singular plant. The only one, I believe, that bears no kind of seed. — It re- sembles the Canada or Magic Onion, which like this is viviparous, and like this has no sexual or- gans. The Magic Onion produces its ofl^spring along the side of the parent stalk, while the po- tato onion spontaneously brings forth a numer- ous progeny, from its matrix or bosom, below the surface of the ground. When I began to propagate these roots, I found it extremely difficult to preserve them in a healthy state through the winter. A small degree of frost will kill or injure them very much, and if kept in a temperature above freezing, they vegetate, and .so exhaust themselves, as to produce very little the next summer. For the last two years I have managed them ditVcrently and have had much better success. By the first of August or as soon as the tops fall and wither, they should be taken out of the ground and after lying several days in the sun, should be put away in a dry place mitil October ; they should then be re-set in the ground like tulijjs. The beds intended for them should be previously well wrought, and the plants set in roAvs about a foot apart. The small or young ones should be separated from the oth- ers, for these grow larger but produce no offspring the first year. Before the ap[)roach of winter some coarse litter may be spread over them, which should be removed in the spring — and they will vegetate early and produce a plentiful crop. Cultivated in this way I think this new plant a valuable acquisition, and well deserving a place in every garden. It is ripe earlj', and universally esteemed upon the table for its mild and agreeable flavor. S. R, Florida, July 3, 1830. ON REAraXG CALVES. To the Editor of the .New England Farmer. Dear Sir — I send you inclosed a letter from GoRHAM Parsons, Esq. of Brighton, believing you will think it well deserving a place in your useful paper. The circumstance wliich gave rise to it was this : In May last Mr Parsons sent me as a T -c?e;;t, a very handsome heifer-calf of the full i'looded, short horned and Alderney breed, which, by the way, is only one among the many assistances, which he has generously afforded me in improving my little farm. And as I wished to take that course in raising the calf, which jjromis- ed the best result, I addressed a letter of inquiry to him on the subject, and it was in reply to that letter that I received the one I now transmit to you. It ought in justice to be observed, though the letter needs no apology, that it was not written with the least expectation that it would come be- fore the public, and it is now sent without his knowledge. He will, I hope, excuse me for the liberty I have taken, and tlie public, I know, will be thankful that any circumstance puts them in possession of the practical wisdom of a man who has so much experience in the interesting and im- portant business of agriculture, and the justness of whose observations is supported by so many successful experiments. I am, Mr Editor, respectfully yoin-s, GARDNER B. PERRY. East Bradford, Jiugust 4, 1830. P. S. In support of this last observation, I will just remark that, being a week or two since, at the paternal estate of Mr Parsons, in Byefield, in company with another gentleman, I walked into a field of some 20 acres, where his workmen were engaged in hay-making, who, upon inquiry observed that they thought in some parts there would be more than three tons of hay to the acre ; and that the whole field would give an average of full two and an half tons to the acre; which estimate I am persuaded was not too high. And it is my opinion, after having looked at the other 26 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, August 13, 1830. crops, growing upon the farm, tliat the grass of (hia field was nothing more than a fair sample of the whole farm. on RAISIXG CALVES, MANAGEMENT OF BEES, &e. Extract of a letter from Gorham PAKioNS, Egn. to Uev. Gard- ner 11. I'tKRV. Respecting the projier time and manner of ■weauing calves, 1 have considered if you intend raising the caif at the time it is calved, it is liest to take it from the cow the day after, or not to exceed two days— unlcfs the udder of the cow is swollen or hard, then it may require the proces:*, that nature points out for the calf, the forcible application of the head against the udder, which generally reduces the swelling and hard bunches; while either remain, I should not take away the calf. But supposing no difficulty of that kind, the calf should l)c taken from the cow the first day, or twelve hours after it is calved, then fed from a bucket, or small tub with two quarts of milk from the cow in the morning and evenin", the finger held in the milk will very soon induce the calf to suck, and in a very short time he will drink the milk freely ond readily. I have hail a piece of leather (ui)per leather) sewed together of the size and in the form of a cow's teat, a small ■o|)ening at top, the bottom so cut as when nailed to tlie bottom of a bucket or tub with three pump nails, ilie milk will puss under easily anil flow to the orifice of the teat, the calf will soon press for it with as much earnestness as for that of his dam, and shortly he will be so impatient for his break- fast and supi)er, that the process of suckin" will be too tedious, and he will drink freely — it will not he necessary to increase the quantity of milk be- yond two quarts night and morning, but as he ad- vances in size, add a little water, a pint at first and increase it, of the same warmth as th?. milk, to which adil a gill of Indian meal whicb may be increased to u pint, although I prefer using double tlie quantity of wheat hiau, and thiid< it far better for milch cows than Indian meal ofl^er him seeond crop hay, (if before the season for grass) he will soon eat it, and may have skimmed milk soon substituted for new milk made warm with water, as milk tlireet from the cow. \Yhcn four or five weeks old lie will eat "-rass and drink water, and be quite as large as if he had taken all the milk from the cow. The savin" of milk will arnp'y pay for the trouble, and the calf will not be stinted in size. I think we err in permitting calves to suck too much at first, even when intended for the butcher, they fat better by beginning moderately, and increasing gradually, as gorging is injurious to the brute creation as well as to the human race. Let a man purchase an animal as prejiared and presented at our cattle shows for premium, stuff- ed and i)ampered for the occasion, then let him feed fairly as a good farmer would and ought to feed, and before the ne.\t cattle show, the animal would be like the lean kine of Pharaoh. You see I dirt'er from many go(„l men as to the condition in whiidi animals should he exhibited at our cat- tle shows— I do not mean the cattle as fatted for l?eef, although iu that case I should lean to the( farmer who presented well fatted beef at the least expense. 1 have thought it better lo have rather small enclosures of grass for calves, and change them every two or three weeks. If the feed should he short or the flies so trouble- some as to prevent their eating in the day time, feed with a quart of wheat bran or three pints per day — if no bran, a pint of Indian meal — some crusts of bread occasionally of which they soon become fond. I am fully of opinion calves should be so fed as to keep them in a growing state,but never gorged, or pampered. It frequent- ly occurs that they require a very small plcee of their tail cut off; the necessity is ascertained by pulling the tail, and if the bones arc loose and the skin spongy, cutting is necessary, they are what farmers term - a vast collection of seeds nrd plants, was this Chinese nndberry tree, which has bc;n rapidly disseminated throughout France and other parts of Emopp, and will soon be acclimateii in this country. By a report, made in Congress last March, it appears, that American silk is superior to that of all other countries, as eight pounds of cocoous produce one of raw silk, which requires twelve pounds of Italian or French cocoons ; That in the year 1828 the silk imported into this country amounted to $8,463,563 Of which was exported but 1,274,461 And that silk may, in a few years, become an important article of export ii'om this country, for even France, although she raises a vast quantity of silk, annually imports to the amount of $20,000,000. These facts are sufficient to show how deep an interest is involved in the culture of silk, and how much it may contribute to individual and national prosperity. Very respectfully. Your most obedient servant, l-rinley Place norbiuy, ( H. A. S. DEARBORN. .August Itn, loJU. J EXTRACT NO. XX. le Annalea De Fromont. Remarks on the Culture and Uses of the Many-stalked Mulberry, (Morus Multicaulis.)— 2^/ M. Ferrottel, Agricultural Botanist and Traveller of the Marine and Colonies. The Morus Multicaulis, which we noticed for the first time, in the Annales de la Societie Linne- enne de Paris for 1824, appears to have originated in the elevated regions of China, from whence it has been disseminated throughout the low plains near the sea shore. ■ It is believed that it is cul- tivated in all parts of that vast empire, where the education of silk-worms is an object of commer cial importance. It was introduced into Manilla and all the islands in the Asiatic Archipelago, fron Canton, where it was only cultivated for orna^ menting gardens. The Chinese are entitled to the credit of this introduction, who, in cniigra ting from their country, have, from motives of industry, endeavored to multiply it, that they might render it useful to them, in the now country of their adoption. In August, 1821, we brought it from Manilla, the capital of the Philippine Islands, and first in troduced it into the Isle of Bomhon and from thence into Cayenne ami Fiance. At a later period, it was sent from Cayenne to Martinique, and from France to Guadaloupe and also to Sene- gal, where it has been considerably multiplied. The characters which essentially distinguish this Mulberry from its congeners, arc those which result, 1st, from the remarkable property, whici its roots possess, of throwing up numerous small flexible stalks without forming a principle trunk ; 2d, from the great length, which these stalks as- sume, in a very short time; 3d, from the remark- able development which the thin, tender and soft leaves speedily acquire, and the promptitude with which thev are renewed. Their length is often eight inchi'S, and their width about six. They are peliolate, cordate, accuminate, dentate towards their summit, marked with nerv«s and appear curled on the surface ; 4th, and lastly, from the extraordinary facility, with which the stalks and young branches strike root, as cuttings, without particular care, even before they have acquired a complete ligneous consistence. — This last proper ty appears to us, evidently, to be caused by the nu- merous whitish lentula; with which the stalks and branches are covered ; a very apparent cha-iacter- istic, and which seems to us, to offer a certain means of indentifying our species, independently of those, Vv'hich we have enumerated. The fioral organization of this mulberry is as follows. Each male flower has a calix of four concave, oval membranous leaflets ; four stamens, with filaments accompanied vyiih a tiidentatc appen- dage ; the anthers sagittate and bilocular. Each female flower has an ovary terminated by two divergent styles ; the ovary is unilocular, con- taining a single pendant seeil, which is frequently blasted, or imperfect. Among the number of mtdberries, now culti- vated by the Chinese, for the education of silk worms, the Morus Multicaulis appears to be the most esteemed of all, not only from the facility with which it is propagated and grows, but still more from the essentially nutritive property which the leaves possess. We liave been enabled to verify this important fact during the five years which we passed at Senegal. Our observations tend tn prove, that when this f-pecies shall be sufficiently multiplied in Euro])e, a preference will be given to it, for the education of silk worms, over the white mulberry [Morns Alba] which is now generally etnployed. We will make siic- cessivel}' known, the resuh of the ex|)criments which we have tried at Senegal, on the education of silk worms, nourished wi»h leaves of our spe- cies, and the causes, which appeared to us, ad- verse to the complete development of the co- coons under the scorching climate of that African region. In the garden of the establishment placed un- der our direction, we had a certain number of the Morus midticaulis, which, being j)roperly watered produced very beautiful tnfis of flexible stalks, but whhout assuming, however, a very great devel- opment, but whose long branches, loaded with numerous leaves bent imder their weight, and trai!e;l even upon the ground. April, 1828, there was' sent to us, from the establishment at Richard Tol, a small quantity of the eggs of the silk worm, which the colonial government had re- ceived from France. Placed upon a tabic, in an airy apartment, these eggs generally hatched and gave birth to a certain number of well form- ed worms. We distributed among them, the young tender leaves, collected from the extremi- ties of the branches of our mullicrry ; they de- layed not to eat then; with great avidity. But few were given them at a lime, and three or four times a day, in consequence of the rapidity with which the leaves wither from tl.e action of the air, which was almost absolatdy dry. Larger leaves which were more perfectly ileveloped, were suc- cessively given to them in proportion and in quan- tity, as they iiicrca^ui in ^i/.c. The worms cat with the same avidity, without any previous i>rej)- aration. Finally, at the end of a month or more, our worms thus nourished, had acquired a devel- opment, very satL-iilu-tor. , Hjr the country, and delayed not to form their c icooiis, which, in truth, appeared to us, less beautiful than those of the same species born in Europe. The difference of size between these seemed evidently to be the result of the physical causes of the climate, rather than that of the food. A few days later the moth appeared, in a very good form, and exhibited characters of a strong constitution. Our location was very bad for the education of this species of insect, and was, without doubt, one of the obstacles, which pre- vented its perfect copulation, nevertheless some eggs were produced, vyhich appeared to us beauti- ful and well organized, but they did not hatch, Vol. IX.— No 4. AND HOIITICULTURAL JOLRNAL. 29 which was iilso attrilnitpJ to the exrossivc dryness of the air, which produced a kind of conipression, and deprived them of the faculty of reproduc- tion. Like attempts have several times been made in other parts of Senegal and particularly at Rich- ard-Tol, which have not 'ocen crowned with more favorable results . The cocoons produced by these various ex- periments, were of different size.i, according to the period when they were developed. Some- times, they have been equal in weight to these produced in Europe ; the silk did not yield in beauty, to that of the latter, which is an unequiv- ncal proof in favor of the use of the INlorus Mul- tieaulis, for feeding silk worms. It is desirable that the persons in Prance, who now possess a number of these mulberries, should nakc comparative experiments with their leaves, md of those of the Morus ^iJiba, for the education i{ silk worms. It is probable that the first will je generally preferred.* Besides the advantages which we have above lamed, we may still add, that they are admirably •alo'jlated for forming regular plantations ; that hey can be placed very" near without an injurl- >us effect; and by hea(!ing down the stalks, an- lually, near the ground, a rich vegetation is pro- luced with a complete dovelopmeut of vigorous (ranches and leaves ; and finally, it is easy to oultiply them by thousands, from the, roots, in he course of a year, and to form vast and reg- ilar plantations of them the second. But a few ears, then, are sufficient to obtain considerable (elds in full vigor, sufficient to support an im- nense quantity of silk worms, and that with the reatest facility, as they are reproduced in a man- ler, almost indefinite. Besides, this mulberry braves the most rigar. lis winters. We saw on our arrival at Havre, 0 July last, in the field of M. A. Eyries, plants, vhich had endured, in the open ground, the /inter of 1828, and which appeared vigorous and eautiful. Tliis species will be readily acclimated in Eu- »pe, because it originated from an analogous re- iion, as to climate, to that which we inhabit. It ippears not to suffer from the excessive cold of Qe northern, or the intense heat of the intertropi- lal regions, for the plants deposited in the gardens If the Government at Cayenne, acquired, in the ipace of eight months, a truly remarkable dnvcl- ipment, and at the time of our departure from hat colony, in June, 1321, they were clothed rfth leaves of an extraordinary size. Those also rhich we cultivated at Senegal, although .sit- ated under a dry and scorching sky, and planted 1 an ariil soil, offered an appearance, sufficiently itisfactory ; but they had acquired less dcvelop- iient, in all respects, than those which have veg- tated under the hnmiil climate of Guiana. CULTURE. The many stalked mulberry, generally accom- nioduti's itself to all kinds of soil ; but we have re- marked its vegetation was most vigorous, and the produce of leaves most abundant, when plac- ed in a friable, light and rich soil. Its long and tender roots absorb with great avidity the nutri- tive salts of the earth ; and besides, its imper- fectly ligneous branches being very porous, eqiial- These two bushes were sent on board the ves- sel, in which we were to eml)ark, and divided into six parts. These were immediately placed in two large boxes filled with rich, light earth. The stalks were cut off, to the height of about eighteen inches, in order to place them, more commodiously, in the situation which had been designated for them, in the ship. The branches answered for cuttings ; not any were thrown away ; ly explains the facility with which they pump up] all were reduced into pieces, of from four to the humidity of the earth and leave it dry. Our observations, in this respect, induce ns to believe, that the development of the numerous' branches, and leaves of this shrub is accelerated in pro- portion to the frequency and regularity with which the soil is impregnated with humidity. The inches in length, and put into boxes, filled with light earth ; this gave us two imndred and fifty cuttings, which, during the two months, occupied in the voyage from Manilla to the Isle of Bour- bon, took root without exception. They had even filled the boxes' with numerous roots, and devel- form of the leaves also varies, according to the ' oped branches, from a foot and a half to two feet nature of the soil ; they are large and cordiform j in length. We also remarked, that some of theiri, m a rich soil, but small, eliptical and without the wiiich had been set out without any buds at the heart shajjcd indentation, at the base, in a dry and , base as is generally done, and whose wood had arid soil. The branches are filled with fructifi- | scarcely a ligneous consistence in jhis part, had * We learn that the wish expressed by M. Perrot- it has been fulfilled, in a great degree on the one de by M. Delille, Profesor at Montpelier, and a the other, by M. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps at 'aris. The last named gentleman has transmitted to us he following note on this subject. 'From a little experiment, made with the leaves of lie Morus Multicaulis, an account of which I shall oon publish, they have appeared to be at least as dvantageous, for the nourishment of silk worms, as hose of the common white mulberry ; and that the ocoons, made by the worms, fed only with leaves f'this species, are even rather heavier.' cation in this last named soil, which rarely hap pens in the first. It appears expedient, then, that plantations of this mulberry should be made upon a humid rather than a dry soil, to obtain in all respects a satisfactory result; for a too great quantity of water does not appear to have been injurious to it, even when the roots have been imall head tp the tree. half an inch above the buds My observations and experience induce me ttf belie've, that from the facility with which the stalk covers from the wound, this method of bud- ding may be preferred ; for the buds shoot with real vigor, the first year, and form immediately, have an adroit and experienced as.sistant, to put on the ligatures, who should bo cautioned, not to make them too tight. To preserve your bud fresh during the ope ation you should keep the scions in a ves filled with the water, in such a manner, that the XI. TIME or LOOSENING A.SD REMOVING THE LIGATURES. To perfoin this oiieralion without risk, it is ne- " ."r'lr cessary to consider the state of the weather since the buds were inserted ; if it has been humid, the be removed in twenty or thirty days; miuu V.II.I, Lu.. ...»=., ...■=...... ..,..„.. -.. |j„3(^„.pg „,a,.i,eremoveain twenty Ol imi. J u..^:,, end of each scion is constantly wet. Each scion I = ^^^^ ^^^'^ contrary, it has been hot and dry, should have a label attached to it, designating tue ' ^^^^ ,„ ^,.,,it_ „t jeast six weeks. This species ; you should also have parchment labels .^ ^,,^ ,,^„,,- J ^^-^^ jt. prepared, an 1 when you Iisve inserted a bud, it should be attached to the tree, and the name of the rose written upon it, with a pencil. I shall not enter into any details upon the man- ner of taking off the bud for inoculation, because the description would be imperfect, and I believe it is better to see the operation, than to read an account of if, but I will observe, that the bud should be jilaced as near as possible to the axil of the shoot, that there may be a greater facility in healing the wound and that the new shoot may unite more completely with the stalk. There are two modes of budding ; th'; first is called escocheon with a groiving hud and the second escocheon with a dormant bud, upon the new or old tBood. The results from the escocheon with a grow- ing bud, are not so certain, that I can advise you to employ it ; it nevertheless po.ssesses some advan- tages under particular circumstances. It can be used to bud certain species, such as the Bengoles, Multifloras, Noi.settes, Four seasons &c. But from experience, 1 find it is. very difficult to suc- ceed well. Therefore we adopt the escochton with a dormant hud, which is thus called, because it does not im- mediately shoot, but sleeps during the winter, in order to develope itself, with greater vigor, in the spring. The time for inserting this bud is the lat- ter iiart of July ai'd first of Augu.st. After the bud is inserted nothing is to be cut off, but the shoot on which it is placed is to be left at its full length. ESCOCHEON UPON THE STALK. I have spoken to you of the success which yon would have in budding upon the Inanches of a year's growth, during the months of July and August. I will now speak to you upon budding tho^stalk and of tlie cases where it is very ndvan- tageous; the success is as certain as in the pre- ceding mode. As it will not do to entirely remove the ligature, but only to loosen it, you will make use of your buddiii" knife and with the point, cut a portion of tie middle of the ligature on the side opposite the hud ; this must be carefully done, so as not to wound the bark. By this means your buds will be relieved and remain protected by the yarn liga- ture from the rays of the sun, which would be injuri- ous, by causing the incisions to open. About three "weeks after, the hgatures are to be removed. This is the most expeditious method, and I em- ploy it in mv nurseries; but if you have but a few stalks, I advise you to loosen the ligatures and then fasten them again very gently, in order to keep down the edges of the incision, whicb was made for the reception of the bud. XII. PRUNING THE BRANCHES. It is a labor which you will behold and execute with pleasure, because you will then know the re- sult of your efforts ar.d be able to reestaldish good order in your nursery, by eradicating the largo Willi branchcF, which render it inaccessible. This 'abor should be performed about the lOlh or 12tli of October, when vegetation has entire- ly ceased. This can be best done with pruning shears. With this instrument you cut, indiscrim- inately, all the branches to the length of eight or ten inches. Xlll. PROTECTION IN WINTER. Before winter commences, it is necessary to protect your sweet-briars from its rigor ; to effect this the roots should be covered with manure which should be slightly secured against disper- sion by the winds by drawing the earth over it from the space between the trees. XIV. PRUNING IN MARCH. In October you pruned the branches of the sweet-briars to the length of eight or ten inches ; ll thus appears woolen yarn is used for the ligaturei Vol. IX. — Nn. 5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 35 now it is necessary lo cut them sliorter, which should bo done in tho fore nait of March. Tlie object of the nutumnnl pruniiig was to clear out the ?uirscry, anil to prcvciU the trees from suffor- iiig, ii) the event the end of the boughs should be injured by the severe colil of winter, if left at full length. With your shears, cut ofl" the branches, bo ns to leave but one bud, above that which had been inserted ; — tho one thus left is called the aspirvtg bud ; upon this bud depend the success and vigor of the one which had been placed on the branch. As to the end of the stalk, above the highe.'st branch, and which is generally dead, it is necessa- ry to cut it off with a saw, pare tlie edges with a knife, and then cover it with the composition. XV. MANSER OK TREATING THE JlSPIBINO BDD. When your sweet-briars have been well prun- ed, the most important thing to be attended to, is the destruction of all the s|>routs, which are call- ed gourmands, that issue from the top of the tree, and of the suckers which spring up from the root. When the aspiring bud has thrown out two or I three little leaves, it is time to pinch off its sum- mit. The aspiring bud aids in developing that which has been inserted, as it draws up the sap, and you cause that to flovv into it, when the end of the aspiring bud is pinched off. When your inserted bud has grown four or five inches, and it is ahle to collect its own nourishment, then the aspiring bud is to be entirely eradicated with a knife. XVI. SUPPORTS FOR THE YOUNG SHOOTS. This precaution is very important ; if neglect- ed, a gust of wind, a storm, or even a bird may, in a' moment, destroy the results of all your labors, which have been bestowed upon your trees, foV eighteen months. At the moment when your bud begins to devel- ope, collect small sticks, about the size of your little finger and two feet in length ; these are to be secured to the trees by two ligatures, leaving the uper end about eighteen inches above the top of the stalk. When tho buds have sufficiently grown they are to be secured to these supports, by ligatures delicately applied. Now behold the term of your desires, — the re- compense of all your cares, and all your labors. Each morning will bring you new joys, and I charge you not to lose a single moment ; for this joy will be short. ■ Et,i 0, elle a vecu ce que vivoiit L*CBpace (j'un matin.' But there is a .method of prolonging these pleasures ; it is by budding the roblooniingor per- petual roses, such as the Bengoles, Noisettes, Port- and, Kour seasons &c, by this means you can liave rosea until November. The sweet-briars produce the most beautiful roses the first year after they have been budded, l„ and 1 shall instruct you how to preserve them in l^is state, and to prevent them from degenerating. XVII. WIKTPR PRUNING. Towards tho middle of October, when the sap as descended, it is necessary to prune your rosc- lusheb. Each branch should be cut off, to about foot in length ; this labor prepares them for transportation to the place, for which they may be iestined. Forget not to cut off with scissors, uch leaves as remain on at the time they are ta- :en out of the nursery. This precaution is ne- :e8sary to prevent the trees from perishing which ofieu happens, if they are jihuited out with the leaves on. XVIII. TR/VNSPI.ANT1NO. When your sweet-briars have been taken up, the extremities of the roots should be cut off. The largest should be selected, if it is intended to form an avenue, a graduated line, or an ainphi theatre ; each of (hsso modes of planting has its advantages, and the selection must be left to yoiir good_ taste. Whatever be the mode which you adopt, of planting out the tr.-ies, forget not what I have said, in the article on stakes and supports, which should be placed as soon as the plantation has been completed.- XIX. ANNUAL pruning. I have promised to inform you of the means of continuing your beautiful roses and preventing them from degenerating; and this is the moment to indicate the last operation which you have to perform on your sweet-briars, and which it is ne- cessary to commence, annually, in the month of March. This consists in. pruning them short, — leaving hut two buds on each branch of the shoot, pro- duced by the inserted bud. It is to be observed, however, that there are many species which re- quire to be left a little longer. Fear not to eradi- cate the beautiful shoots, which grew the preced- ing year; it will produce others more beautiful, and you will lose nothing. This is the time to cut off the end of (he little wild shoot, on which you left the aspiring bud. CLIMBING species OF ROSES. Before terminating my instructions, I ought to mak6 known to you, a happy idea of one of my neighbors, as to the management of the climbing species of roses, such as the Multiflora and its varieties, the Boursault and its varieties, &c. I have made the experiment on some of mine and was delighted at the fine effect which was produced. The Multifloras and the Boursaiilts extend their branches far, and are, consequently, very easily trained on a railing ; but if in the midst of a plantation, you desire to unite these species, it is very unpleasant to have the branches falling to the ground, or extending over the other rose trees ; to prevent this, care should be taken, the first year, to preserve these* falling branches and to leave them until the end of October, that their wood may be thoroughly ripened ; then raise all the branches and unite them in the form of a globe, as regular as possible. In the month of march there is no pruning to be done, and the moment the sap ascends you see them covered with leaves and a vast quantity of buds. The higher tlie globe is elevated the more admirable is the effect ; and in my opinion it is tho best mode of managing these climbing species. Believing that I have attained the object which I proposed, that of detailing to you, information on the education of sweet-briars, atid the mode of prosecuting this culture with success, I will ter- minate ray instructions and leave you in the midst of your children, being certain, that like a good father of a family, you will extend to them, your assiduous attentions, in gratitude for the pleasures which you have experienced. INSECT IN PE.\R TREES. Mr Fessenden — I have spent the morning with the Governor in dissecting a Pear tree, and send you by Gen. Heard, the result of our investiga- j tion. Tlie largo block of wood shows the manner in which tho insect girdles the tree — the others, how they penetrate it. In sundry excavations wo i found a whole family, from the nit to tlie perfect bug, under tlieir progressive transformations. Tha tree is a Jargonelle in bearing. The body of the tree bore tho principal marks of their ravages^- but the effect is seen in the branches. This is probably the principal reason why the insect has eluded the search. Whatever has been our opin- ion respecting the agents of this desolation, we had aljundant evidence in this case th.at the de- struction of this vigorous and healthy tree was the sole work of the Sculi/lus Pyri. Inclosed in a paper I sjnd the insect in its dif- ferent stages. They are probably to be found also in the wood. Yours, respectfully, O. FISKE. trorcester, August 12, 1830. Rumarks b>/ the Editor. — We are under great obligations to Dr Fiske, ami are happy to perceive that the Governor takes an active part in investi- gations which relate to the great interests of the cultivator. The section of the trunk of the tree, which was sent to us as above, is between 4 and 5 inches in diameter, an 1 a small horizontal cut or channel just within the outer part of the alburnum, or sap wood, evidently tho work of an insect, extends about one third part round the tree. One of the linilis affected by this woodcutter, is a little more than 2 inches, and the other a little more than an inch in diameter. We hail supi)0sed that the operations of this destroyer were confined to small limbs, and that at least a partial remedy might be obtained by cutting off and burning the branches, which indicated its presence. But when it attacks the body of tho tree, the evil becomes general, and the destruction complete. Further investigations of that subject are respectfully so- licited. FOR THE MEW ENGLAKIf FARMER. TURNIPS, AS FOOD FOR SHEEP. Mr Russell — Having seen it stated, more than once, that turnips are injurious to ewes with lamb, I take the liberty to request, that some of your correspondents, if any there are, who have found them so, will state the fact from experience. I also should be glad to learn their value for sheep, from any one who is satisfied of their good prop- erties as winter food. B, Anson, M: August 17, 1830. Tight Shoes. — Shoes of too restricted dimensions distort and blister the feet, and produce, invariably, those small but painful excrescences denominated corns. Nine women in ten upon the most reasonable calculation, before the age of twenyfour, have to a certain extent, deformed and suffering feet from this cause alone. Such individuals, also, as adopt this unnatural practice of forcingf their feet, like a wedge, into a tight pair of shoes, are uniformly bad and un- graceful walkers — the sprinpr and elasticity of their feet is lost, and their gait is afterwards cramped and hobbling. They who would avoid these unseemly and painful defects, must remain satisfied with the original conformation of their foot, and wear shoes corresponding to its shape, and answering in every respect to its bulk. In purchasing shoes ready made, or professing to be made to measure, let them, if in the least degree too tight, be stretched upon the last, and not upon the feet. The shoe must be made to the foot, and not the foot to the shoe. — Jour, af Health. 86 NEW ENiiLAM) FARMER, FOR THE NEW ENGI,; I BOTTS IN HORSBS. A writer in llie American Fanner states tlie fil- IIAPPINESS THE RESULT OF INDUSTRr. j lowing as tv sure remedy for tlie bolts in lior.s,;.«, The wealtli wliich a man acquires by his lion- i^,,,! gy^.g ,t was practised by a veterinary s-urgcon est industry affords liini greater pleasure in tlie ^^.|,„ tame to tliis country during tlie revohitiori, enjoyment, than when acquired in any otiier way; ^yjti, ]{aron Steuben: — First drench the horse lid men who by personal bibor have obtained a coinpelency, know its value better than those who have liad it sliowered upon them without any efforts of their own. Idleness engenders dis- ease, while exercise is the great prop of health, and health is the greatest blessing of life. Which consideration alone oi:ght to stimulate men to pur- sue some useful employment ; and among the al- most endless number o'f those to which good laws and well organized society give birth and eucour- -agemeut, there are none equal to the culture of the earth, none which yield a more grateful return. The pleasures derived both from agriculture, and horticulture, are so various, so delightful, aiul so natin-al to man, that they are not easily to be de- scribed, and never to be excelled : for in what- ever way they are pursued the mind may he con- stantly entertained with the wonderful economy of the vegetable world ; the nerves are invigor- ated and kept in proper tone by the freshness uf the earth, and (he fragrancy of the air, which flush the countenance with health, and fiive a relish to every meal. NORTH WOOD. PEACH TREES. The following communication, from a practical aTiCulturist, contains a valuable suggestion. — The specimens referred to, are in our possession, and may be examined by the curious in these matters. To the unpractised eye, the covering in which these worms wind themselves, would pass for particles of earth and water, accidentally col- lected around the root. It would be well for .every owner of a i)each tree, to set about ex- amining the roots, and ridding them of this ene- my. It is strange that more attention is not paiil to this valuable fruit. A farmer near Philadel- phia, the last year, sold 813,000 worth of peaches, from a spot of ground that would not have yield- ed two thousand dollars, with grain crops.] Mr Hallett — If you are a lover of fine peach- es it may not be amiss, to remind the owners of the few remaining peach trees, that the wonns infesting the roots of these trees, are now about assuming their wings. In a few weeks, they will be inhabitants of the air, ready to lay the founda- tion of a new colony of worms, to prose, ute their work of destruction the ensuing year. The observation of a minute is sufficient to determine whether a tree is infested by them. A mass of gum mixed with particles of wood, much rcsiun- bling saw dust, attached to the root at the surface of the ground, or within an inch or two below is a certain indication ef the presence of the worm. The greater part of these insects, according to my observation, are already enclosed in their cocoon, tmdergoing their transformation into the Nymphal with a (piart of new pnilk saturated wilh honey, molasses or sugar, (to be preferred in the order in which they are named ;) h-ave him two hours, at rest ; drench him ag:iiu witli a pint of strong brine, previously made by ilissolving in boiling water as much common salt as it will hold, and leave the horse undisturbed two hours more. Then ad- minister Jijilf a pint of linseed oil, and the treat- ment is complete. The rationale of this course, .according to the writer, is as follows : Botts destroy horses by feeding upon and i)erforating the integuments of the stomach ; but, ])reierring sweetened milk to a ticsh diet, they leave the substance of the stomach and glut on the milk, of which they partake so' much that they, are greatly distended, exposing a thin skin to the action of the brine when adminis- tered, which easily destroys them. Oil is after- wards given to heal the wounds in the stomach made by the worms. John Hinds, in his Treatise on F irriery. (a work which should be in the haiwls of every man who has the charge of horses,) aitributed the genera- tion of worms to irregular feeding, and to feed- ing upon indigestible substances, musty hay, grain, &c, and in .some aged horses to imperfect masti- cation. These causes produce indigestion, and ultimately worms. Mr Hinds recommends, that, when it is certainly ascertained the horse is at- tacked by worms, the following bolus or ball be administered: Calomel, IJ drachms; Annis seed, 5 drachms, mixed with treacie into n paste for two doses, to be given on two successive nights, the first dose to be preceded by water gruel, and the last one to be followed, the next day, by a pur- gative compound of, Barhadoes aloes 4 drachms, Gandioge l.J drachms, prepared kali 2 dr. ginger 1 dr. od of amber a teaspoonful, syrup of buck- thorn sufficient to form the whole into a ball for one dose. Shoidd the horse be weakly the first mixture may be divided into three doses for as many s\iccessive days, to be followed on the fourth morning by the purgative. The horse in the mean while should be led with fresh gra.ss, cracked corn, mashed potatoes or oiher fooil easilj' digestible : accompanied occasionally with salt. As the dis- ease is produced by impaired digestive organs, it must be cured by res'oring to those organs their Iipalthful tone towards which the medicine commended have a favorable tendency. August 20, 1830. them and affect the vermin to such a degree that in ten minutes thereafter they will be completely destroyed. With one gill of tliis spirit, we were enabled to cleanse five trees of these destructive vermin. Our author says trees do not re(;eive the slightest injury by using this remedy. — Reading Journal. From the Middletown Sentinel. WATER. Clear water is the best drink to preserve health. It ought not, however, in hot weather, to be drank very cold, as it will prove injurious — although that is the time when nmst people prefer to have it the coldest. Some will put ice in it, which helps the doctois, and enables tavern-keepers to sell more of their rK|Uors. Spring or well water shouhl stand Preserving Vegetables Green for the Winter. — Take green ccrn either on the ears, or carefidly shelled, peas, beans in pods, and dip them into boiling water, and then carefully dry them in a room where there is a free, circid.uion of air. awliile before a person that is warm drinks freely ofit. Horses and cattle will not drink water that is verv cold, when they can obtain that which is warmer. They will, in warm weather, drink wa- ter from a brook, or at .some distance below aspring, latlier than froiti ihe head of a sjiring, because it ia too cold; but in winter, they prefer water near the head of the spring, because it is then not so cold as that in the brook. It seems as though mankind might know as much as horses and catlle ; yet it appears they are not so prudent about their drink. Cold water is good for a bruise or wound, when used inunediately — no matter, in this case, how cold. Snow may also be used in lieu of it, when most convenient, though 1 should rather prefer |j water ; lor it wets the flesh socmer : but either will reDc! the lilood, and help to heal the wound. My first information of the utility of cold water for curing wounds, was from General Sullivan, of New Ham|ishire, who learned it from the In- dians dming the revolulioncry war. Alter he returned home fioin the army, his wife hurt her arm very badly, just as he was about to leave home : he poured on cold water until lint was prepared, which he applied, and put a bandage loimd the arm, telling her to keep it on until his retmii, whii'h he expected would be in two or three days— directing her to wet it occasionally with water coutaiiung a little spirit, (though no spirit was used at first.) — She fiillowed his directions, hut he did not return under a week. He asked her how her arm did ? She said she had not ta- ken off the bandage, for it did not pain her. On removing the bandage and dressings, he found it was completely well. Gen. Sullivan said he had cured many wound- ed men, by the application of cold water, after- wanls putting on something to keep the air from the wounds, which, in the common mode of dres- sings would probably have proved fatal. 1 have used it and seen it tried for about fifty years — ma- ny times with wondcrfiil success. If a finger, toe, hauil or foot should be mr.shcd. or Chrysalis state. The covering is somewhat j Thus preserved they will keej) until winter, and ! .„,( jt jmo a pail or br )ok of svater, squeeze it to less than an inch in length, and one third of an retain all their freshness and agreeable flavor. inch in diameter, as you will sec by the three spe- ^- Y. Farmer. cimcns enclosed. They are easily fomid in the gummy mass above mentioned. — Hut the worms | Happening to look o not yet enclosed, will be Co r an Almanac, ptddished in the cavity which j in 1802, we found a receipt for the destruction of they have formed between the liark and wood of 1 caterpillars. We tried it, and, we are happy to the root, and generally near the bottom of it. If say, with complete success. It is briefly this, the root of the tree appear fair and sound to the Take a long reed or pole, and tie a pi-ce of sponge depth of two or three inches no further search is j at the end— dip this inspirits of turpentine, and necessary. — R. I. American of July 22. its place, and put the bones right— it will general- ly get vyell without much else being done to it. A FARMER. By late foreign medical journals we learn that M. Coster, a French surgeon of great eminence, has devoted his attention to the subject of animal jioisons. He has discovered that chlorine has the wonderful power of decomposing and destroying conduct it to the nests— the spirits will penetrate | poison of the most deadly kind. The saliva of » V..1. IX.— No 5. AIND IIOIITICULTUIIAL JOUIINAL. 37 le mail ilog lias the propi'iiy, wlicii inserted iin- sr the skin, orroiiimiuiiciitiiiij hyilroiihuliiii lo oth- ■ animals as well as to mail. I\l. Cosier has heeii )le, hy me.niis orolilorine, to s, pii-vontiii!; the iproarh ofhydiopholiia in animals hitten l)y dujrs iciiiodly raliiil. There can ha no dmilit of the iciiracy of the experiment on whii-h this rfaie- eiit is predicated. From this the mo.st imiior- nt practical resnlts folloiv : Make a strong wash by dissolvinj two tahle oonrnlls of the chlorm't of lime in half a jiint of atcr, and instantly and repi-atedly liailie the pint ten. The poison will in this way he decomims- It has proved siici-essfiil whi-n applied witli- si.v hours after the animal has been hitten. Silliman's Journal. From a very well written, (hut somewhat coii- ited) article on Geology, in the last American uarterly Review, we quote the following para- ii|)h : — ' If a giod elementary wo'k, on the cory of hnshandrv, were introiluced into our mnion schools, it would set thousands of inge- iis and clever boys thinking. The adinixiure soils, the application of manures, the spread- ^ of sea shells upon the sandy fields, the eftects oduced by doses of lime in the tenacious clays i these our farmers are familiar with — they see, t they know not — they stand iipim the very -eshuld of the temple of knowledge ; it is the ty of a government to remove the HIni from lie- e their eyes, that they may enter, and partake eerfully and fearlessly, of the bounties and glo- s of nature.' BUYING ON TRUrtT. The practice of purchasing small articles on St, is as had for the purchaser as for the dealer, leads him often beyond his depth, particularly a great city, wliei-e every desire is tempted al- st befoie it has e.xisteiice, and ere he is avvaii-, finds himself ' up to his ears in debt,' and final- overwhelmed and lost. The fact is, that mosi n are horn from three to twelve uionlhs too They live thus much in advance of their alls, and when ihey die, their estates are en- iihered with a host of small debts, which, if y do not absorb, and more than absorb, every n of property they have, subject it to serion> barrassments and losses. Articles purchased :liis way, are almost always procured disadvan- eously, often unnecessarily, and when pay day nes, fir it will 'come at last,' the ])Oiir man Is it much harder to raise the necessary amoiiiu, n he would have done to meet the payments small sums as the articles were called i'or. ere are few men in this country, who cannot, ndn by the lale frost*, but the Imughs bend under the weight on the hill. — Keene J^'. H. Sentinel. jo uld avoid a thousanfl perplexities which we The following remarks on Education from Blackwood's Magazine, are worthy the atleniioa of every Parent. Shepherd. — Pronounce in ae monosyllable — the power o' education. Praise ? Enu:lish Opium- Eater. — Love. Shepherd.— llow often fatally tliocht to be. Fear ! English Opium Eiler. — Lovr. ! Look on the or- phan, for whom no lui'i cares — for whom no face ever brightens, no voice grows musical ; who per- iiiims in slavish drudjxery her soliiary and tliank- less labors, and feels lliat, from morning to niglil. the scowl of lyraimy is upon her — and see bow iialure pines, and shivers and gets stunted, in the absence of the genial light of humanity. S/if/)/ierrf. — Like a bit unlucky lily, chance-plant- ed amaiig the cald clay on a bleak knowe to the north, where the morning sun never, and the evening sun seldom shines, and bleakness is the general character o' the imgenial day. It strug- eles at a smile — does the bit botinie stranger while lily — but youseeit's far Iraeliappy, and thai it 'II be sune dead. The bee passes it by, for it's quite scentless ; and though some draps o' dew do visit it — fin- the heavens are still gracious to the dying outcast — yet they canna freshens up its dniopin' head, so weak at last, that the stalk could hardly bear up a butterfly. Ene:lish Opium Eater. — Even the buoyant — the elastic — the Jiiry — the volatile spirit of childhood cannot sustain itself against the weight of self- degradation thus bearing it down with the coii- sciousne.ss of contumely and contempt. The heart seems to feel itself worthy of the scorn it so per- uetually endures; and cruel humiliation destroys its virtue, by rubbing it afrits self-esteem. Shepherd. — God's truth. English Opium-Ealer. — Look on that picture — and on this. See the child of the poorest parents, who love il, ]>erhaps, the better f irtheir poverty — Shepherd. — A thousan' — a million times the bet- ter— as Wordsworth nobly says — ' A virtuous household, tlioush exceeding poor.' English Opium Enter. — AViih whom it has been early made a partaker in pleasure and in praise — I and felt its common humanity, as it danced before its father's steps when he walked to his morning labor — or as it knelt beside him at morning and evening jirayer ; and what a contrast will there be, not in the happiness nierely, but in the whole nature of llio.se two beings ! Shepherd. — A rose-tree full in bearing, balming anil biightening the wilderness — a dead withered wall flower on a sunless cairn ! English Opium Enter. — Change their lot, and you will soon change their nature. It will, in- deed, be difficult to reduce the glad, and rejoicing, and .self-exulting child to the level of her wdio s so miserably bowed down in sonielliin!; worse than despair; but it will be easy — a week's kind- ness will do il — to rekindle life, and self-satisfac- tion, in the heart of the orphan-slave of the woik- h. Mi.se — to lift h r, by love, and sympathy, and praise, up to the glad consciousness of her moral being. Shepherd. — Aye — like a star in heaven set free frae the cruel clouds. English Opium E'lter.— So essential is self-e.sti- mation, even to the happiness, the innocence, and the virtue of childhood ; and so dependent are they on the sympathy of those to wboni nature constrains it to look, and in whom it will forgive and forget many frowning days for one chance smiling hour of transient benignity I Voracity of Insects. — The amount of leaves eaten by the caterpillars produced from one ounce of esrcs, is upwards of 1200 lbs! Afiin'jle silkworm consumes, within thirty days, about 00,000 times its primitive weight. A table spoonful of the spirits of Camphor, is s'lid to he an infallible remedy against the fatal effects of drinking cold water in warm weather. Several in- stances of its good effects are quoted in the Newark (N.J.) Eagle. To Destroy Thistles. — The Canada papers tell U3 of a very easy and eliectual way to destroy Thistles, which are gradually encroaching upon some parts of our country, and are likely to be as injiirions to our agriculture as theirs. Let the thistles be mown be- fore they go to seed, and the first rain, by soaking into the stalks, will cause their decay. STJ3W issroa-aiiisra) s»iiasassj BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 20, 1830. RYE. This very useful grain is capable of being cul- tivated on triost kinds of land, b:it light sandy soils, where wheat will not thrive, an; the sorts of soil on, which, in' general its culture will be most profitable. • In Memoirs of the JVew York Board of Jlgn'cul- ture, vij\. i. page 82, it is said, ' Uye slioiilil be sowed the last week in August, or the first week in September, at the rate of about thirty six quarts, per acre, some say forty eight quarts. J'ut if it is not sowed at that time, it ought to be delayed until late in November, so that it may' not come np till spring. A. Worthington had a good crop, which he sowed in a January snow storm. Rye rai.sed on upland makes much better flour than that which is raised on low or damp land.' Rye may be sown in autumn to gicat advan- tage lor green fodder for cattle and sheep, ],artic- ularly the latter, in tlies|iring Ewes and lambs will derive great benefit from it, at a time when little or no other ereeii fiiod can be procured. When it is meant for this purpose, it should not only be sowed early in autumn, but should be sow- ed thicker than when it is intended to stand for a cro|( of seed. Some say that it may well be mow- ed for hay two or three times in the course of the summer, and this piece of liusbandry has been recommended by English writers, for fiirnicra whose lauds are mostly dry or unsuitable lor grass. 38 NFAV ENGLAND FARMER, August 20, 1830. MAGAZINES OF MANURE. Take advantage of this warm and dry weatlier to search your premises for what may be styled mines of manure, such as peat, marl, nmd, &c. With regard to the last mentioned substance, the following observations may be of service : ' In ponds and rivers the sediment is made up of fine dust, together with a variety of other substances, which have been wafted in the air, and have fall- en into the water ; together with the subtlest par- ticles of the neighboring soils, washed down into tliem by rain. That is supposed to be the richest mud, which is near to the borders, and which has been alternately flooded and fermented ; as it will f-Tment when it lays bare in some degree.' • ' III rivers and in long ditches that have cur- rents, there is a greater proportion of soil in the mud. It has been brought down from soft, mel- low lands, through which the rivers pass ; and some of it doubtless from beds of marie, which are often found m the banks of rivers, and which readily dissolve in tiie water. ' Some ponds are totally dried up in a hot and dry summer, and all ponds and rivers are so di- minished by a copious evaporation, as to leave part of their beds uncovered. And these beds, where there has been no rapid current, are al- ways found to contain a rich mud. In some ])laccs it reaches to a considerable depth. This mud, though taken from fresh waters, has been found to he a valuable manure ; more especially for dry, sandy and gravelly soils. I have known it to have as good an effect as barn dung, in the cultin-e of Indian corn, upon such soils — The ad- vantage of it is not found to be limited to one season ; it meliorates the land for several years. It restores to a high piece of ground what vegeta- ble mould the rains in a long course of years have been washing away from it. ' i: is happy for the farmer that Providence has prepared for him those magazines of manure in all partsof the country. None but the stupid will let them lie unnoticed or unremoved. When a dry autumn happens, the prudent farmers will be very indu.strlous in carting mud up from evaporated ponds, and other sunken places in their farms, and laying it on their light soils, especially on high gravelly knolls ; or into their barnyards, if the distance be not too great. ' But with respect to using mud as a manure, the maritime farmers have the advantage of all others. For the sea ooze, which appears on the flats and in creeks and harbore, along the shores ; of the sPa, has all the virtues of fresh water mud, with tliat of sea salt superadded, which is one of the moFt important ingredients in the composi- tion of the best manures. 1 might add that it abounds more than any other mud, with putrefied animal substances. Much of these are contained in the soa itself : and innumerable are the fowls and fish that have perished on flats since time be- gun ; and the component parts of their bodies have been inclosed by the supervenient slime. ' Mud taken from flats where there are shell-fish, or even whore they have formerly lived, is bettor for inaume than that which appears to he more unmixed. The shells among it are a valuable liart of its composition. If it abound much with shells it becomes a general manure, fit to be laid on almost every kind of soil. ' That mud, however, which is a richer manure than any other, is taken from docks, and from ihc sides of wharves in populous towns. For it has been greatly enriched by the scouring of foul streets, and from connnon sewers ; as well as from an unknown quantity of animal and vege- table substances, accidentally fallen, or designedly thrown into such |>Iaces. ' Sea mud may be taken uj) at any season, whenever the farmer has most leisme. It is a good method to draw it upon sleds fiom the flats in March, when tlie border is covered with firm ice. I have thus obtained mud from flats with great expedition and with little expense. ' Mud that is newly taken up, may be laid upon grass land. But if it be ploughed into the soil, it should first lie exposed to the frost of one winter. The frost will destroy its tenacity, and reduqe it to a fine powder ; after which it may be spread like ashes. But if it be ploughed into the soil, before it has been mellowed, it will remain in liunps for several years, and he of less advantage. ' A layer of mud will be no bad ingredient in a heap of compost. But it should be contiguous to a stratum of lime if that can be obtained. But where this is wanting, new horse dung is the best substitute, to excite a strong fermentation. 'The best method of managing all sorts of mud, were it not for increasing the labor would be to lay it in farm yards, and let it be thoroughly mix- ed with the dung and stale of animals. When it is so managed, the compost is excellent, and fit for almost any soil, though best for light ones. Perhaps the advantage of it is so great as to pay for the increased expense of twice carting. For it will absorb the stale of cattle, and retain it bet- ter than straw, and other light substances.' — Geor- gical Dictionnry. MAKING BUTTER. Butter is made from cream or milk by the chemical union of the oxygen or vital air of the atmosphere with those materials. If a churn were perfectly air tight, butter could not be produced within it for want of oxygen, which composes about one fifth part of the air, with which we are surrounded. The more free the access of air, other things beirfg equal, to the contents of the churn, the sooner butter is manufactured. A knowledge of these facts induced Mr John Mears, of Dorchester, to insert a small tube in the lop of his churn, extending several inches above said top, and descending as far below it as is prac- ticable, without impeding the motion of the dasher. This tube was open at top, closed at bottom, hut gave access to air by means of a perpendicular slit from near the top of the churn to near the bottom of the tube. The consequence of this improve- ment was the accelerating and facilitating tiie pro- duction of butter by about one half. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. NAPOLEON AND PASSE COLMAR PEARH. Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq. — It is much to be regretted, that Mr W. R. Prince should have used siich confident language on a topic which we shall show, he did not understand ; as its tendency is to unsettle established names, and to weaken the public confidence in his own authority. I shall use no other proof , than Mr Prince's own very sin- gular note. The source of his mistake we cannot divine. ' The pear trees cultivated at Boston under the name of Napoleon, are wrong, (says he) and next, all the " Passe Colmar " trees which are identical with the " Napoleon " there so called, are wrong also, as the one called the " Napoleon " is iden cally the Passe Cohunr. These assertions are i ventured, until after examinations made with th scrupulous exactness, which doubts itself, until attain conviction beyond all doubt.' So far Mr Prince. Yet this very confident assertion is founded e tirely and wholly in error, and in very hasty e aniiuation. The Napoleon, so called here, is not identica'i tlie Passe Colmar; but it is identically the Na\t leon figured in the Pom'ilogical Magazine. The Napoleon, so called here, is an autumn pear, and is precisely \vhat Mr Prince describes from authority. The Passe Colmar, so called here, agrees precisi with Mr Prince's description of the true Pas Colmar. As he is now our authority, w safely appeal to that against himself. The Pas Colmar will keep into January here — the Napolei ripens in October. There is no more resemblan between them, than between a St Germain and St Michael's. How could Mr Prince know, that the two tre; cultivated at Boston as the Napoleon and Past Colmar, were identical ? Did he ever examii them on the originally imported trees ? N'ever. The Boston cultivators are too diffident of the own qualifications to pretend to decide ; but th they do assuredly know, that they received tl Napoleon and Passe Colmar from one of the mo exa(-t cultivators in Europe, Mr Knight, with d' scriptions from his pen, and iheir fruits (actual ripened and eaten) agree with all the description and, most of all, with Mr Prince's own. A FARMER. Roxhury, August 13, 1830. •d^ MASS.-VCHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOClET!t FLOWERS. Saturday, August 14, 1830. Flowers of the following varieties were exhibi ed at the last meeting; Hedyschium gardenerianur Phlox suaveolens. Phlox paniculata, and Sagitti ria latifolia, from the Botanic Garden, Cambridg Two fine bunches of flowers of varieties froi Messrs Winships. Bunch of flowers from yt* Cowing. Fine Double Dahlias, from D. HaggeM STON. From the Virginia Free Press. COW CABBAGE. Mr Editor — I have noticed in the last Fre Press and Repository, a communication copi* from the N. Y. Farmer, signed by James Tliach er of Plymouth, (Mass.) on the importance of cul tivating what he calls the Cow Cabbage, or cet arian kail, ' the .seed of which was sent by Docto James Mease. Through the politeness of tbi Post Master in Charlestowii, I too received, May, 1829, some of the same kind of cabbagi seed (spoken of by Mr Thacher) from Docla Mease of Philadelphia. The Doctor in his com' munieation to the Post Master at CharlestowB gave tjie plant the name of Tree Cabbage. Liv- ing as I do in a more SoiUhern climate, and hav- ing been more successful in raising the tree Cow cabbage, than either Mr Thacher or hil neighbor, ' who took up his plants in the autumn and put them into his cellar,' I will, with your per mission, make known, through the columns ol your paper, the progress I have made in cultiva- ting this new kind of cabbage, called by my old Gardener, ' Wild Cabbage.' Vol. IX.— No. 5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 39 1 n few of the seeds ill my <;aiJoii early I Slrawhtrry Plants — Keeiis' Seedling, &,-c. May, 1S29 ; tliey germinated quickly, and pro- ! lor sale at llie Seed Store connected with tlie New ;ed" thirty plants"; twenty oftlicse I tiaiisphimed j England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A superior collection of Strawberry Plants, from Mr Hajrgerslon's Charlcstown Vineyard, comprising the fol- lowinjr sorts:— the Roscberry tlie (ii-st of wcuk of October following', placing 111 two and a Iialf feet apart — eight of the nts 1 did not remove, siifleriiig thctn to remain nc' distance apart of those 1 transplanted — luiiiicil through the winter without shelter iny kind, and only two stalks killed by the Tliose not transplanted were most hixuri- some of them are at this time nine or ten feet — those transplanted are from four to five high. Doet. Thacher speak.s of this Cabbage g very valuable as provender for cow.s. I have tried it in that way, but think it may answer ood purpose : 1 can speak with certainty experience, and say, that it is very valuable table greens, called in Virginia, ' S|irouts.' — It ready for use last Spring before any other IS — one stalk will produce more than a bush- sprouts. Doct. Thacher speaks of this cab- living four years. Doctor Mease, when he emitted the seed, said they would live three This is only the second year since those y garden were planted : they are now loaded seed, and t!ie .stalks appear on the decline. her incline to the opinion it will only last two , but am by no means p'ositive, as there are is time among those iii my gardcu, many ; shoots springing from the roots of the old New England Farmers are encouraged to ating this new article notwithstanding the 1 must be kept in a cellar in the winter. I keeping the plants in a cellar a discouraging ess, but here, where they will stand the winter k it will be found a most valuable plant, and r3 may profit by it — they cannot lose. A SUBSCRIBER. irson CO., Va., July, 1830. ! expedient of keeping the plants in the Cel- ring the winter, ca» only be necessary in a •liinate, and upon a small scale they will re- he trouble they thus give.] Turnip Seed, Sfc. sale at the Seed Store connected with the New id Farmer Office, 52 North Market-street, xtensive assortment of Turnip Seeds, of the most le sorts for family use or stock. The most approv- ds for the farmer, are the White Dutch, White Yellow Stone and Yellow Malta. The two latter Uncommon excellence, and keep well. Loudon 63 the Yellow Malta as ' an excellent and beauti- ,' and of delicious flavor. Of the sorts for field 4 , the White Norfolk, Yellow Aberdeen. Wliite id Rula Baga.are the best. The Yellow Aber i most approved among the Farmers of England Dtland, as it grows to a large size, is very sweet iriiious, and keeps, till June. The above seeds ived in Europe expressly for this Establishment, ■ utmost dependence may be placed on their genu- lity. bs. of the finest English White Flat Turnip Seed, his season, expressly for this Establishment, by Mr ■ D. Williams, of Roxbury, and warranted of : quality , for sale, wholesale and retail, a variety of Long and Turnip rooted Radishes, suit sowing the ensuing months. Long Prickly, and ther varieties of Cucumbers for pickling. July 9. Downton, Baih Scarlet, Pine Apple, Royal Scarlet, Mulberry, Wihnot's Superb, and Keens' Seedling. For a particular notice of the last ni,ignificcnt variety, we beg leave to refer to the Report of the Committee on Fruits, of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, June 19, 1830. ' The specimens of " Keens' Seedling," offered by Mr Haggcrston, of the Charlestown Vineyard, exceeded anything of the kind we had ever seen. This new varie- ty, introduced into this country by that enterprising and skilful horticulturist, fully sustained the high character giien of it, in the English publications, and all that is said of it in the Pomological Magazine, where it is de- scribed as being ' tifry large, very good, and very prolific' Taking all the properties of this justly celebrated straw- berry into consideration, it may be said to have no rival. Some of the largest of those exhibited by Mr Haggcrston, measured over 5J inches in circumference, and the aver- age circumference of the sample, being about one quart, it is believed was over 4 inches. A few of them were ol* cocks-comb shape, but mostly round or ovate. The produce upon the stalksof a single plant, set last autumn, was exhibited at the Hall by Mr Haggerston, which, on counting, was found to consist of the astonishing numbe of 1.57 ripe and green berries. The size and strength of the fruit stalks, its broad, deep green leaves, and the gen- I eral healthiness and vigor of the plant, are well adapted to the support and protection of the enormous size and quantity of fruit which it yields. The committee on fruits arc therefore unanimously of opinion tli:it Mr Hag- gerston is entitled to the Society's premium for the best strawberries, which is accordingly awarded him ; and they further award him a premium' of $5,00 for introducing this new and most valuable variety. By order of the Committee, E. Phinney, Chairman.' The first mentioned varieties, may be purchased at the rate of .f 1 per hundred ; Wilmot's Superb, at $5 per hundred; Keens' Seedling, at $15 per hundred, $2,50 per dozen, or 25 cents per single plant. August 20. Bolivar Calves, Saxony Bucks, and Bremen Geese. For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired by the celebrated im ported improved Durham short horned bull Bolivar which slock have produced 'M quarts of milk a day. No 1, dam Grey Broivn, half Co^lebs and half (lalloway. No 2, dam Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Cores her .sire Ccclebs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Cow. No 4, dam Beauty, half Coslebs and half Galloway. Tha Calves are beautiful, and their dams all great milkers. I Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlings, and 2 Lambs, j 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Sliurt- leff, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. tf July 9. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, new, .\.SHES, pot. first son. Pearl, lirsl sort, r.l''.ANS, white. UEEF, mess, pound C 50 10 6 70 Notiee . A special meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, will be held on Saturday, August 21st, at the Hall of the Society, at 11 o'clock, by adjournment. R. L. EMMONS, Recording Secretary. August 20. Boy Wanted. An active, intelligent, faithful lad, of good address as a salesman, of from 12 to 15 years of age, is wanted in an establishment in this city. A boy from the country, who can give satisfaction in the above respects, will meet with good encouragement. Apply at the ofiice of the Farmer. August 20. cask. ton. barrel pound .5 Ih 5 en 3 1o 15 19 00! 20 00 12 25' 12 bO j it 50 •Z 00 3 CO 4 00 33 38 I 33 Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street — direct ftoni the Brighton Nursery, .\ large variety of Sti-awberrv Vines, comprisinir the Pine Apple, Roseherrv, Bath Scarlet, Royal Sc3rlet,'^Miil- berry. Wood, Chili, &c, at $1 per hundred. Also Wil- mot's Superb, Keens' Imperial, and Keens' Seedling, at a reasonable rate. , No. 1, Cargo, No. '', liUTTEK, inspected, No. l,ncw, CHEESE, new milk. Skimmed milk, FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - Genesee, - - - Rye, best, GRAIN, Corn, - . bushel. 46 Rye, Barlcv, - - " 60 Oals,' - . " 40 HAY, . cwt. fiO MUti'S LARD, first sort, new, . cwt. 1150.1200 HOPS, 1st quality. - - . "14 00 15 00 I.Ii>:E. - . - . cask. 711 76 PL A ISTEPv PARIS retails at - ton. 3 6TI PORK, clear, Navy, mess, Cargo, No. 1, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, Orchard Grass, Fowl Bleadow, - Red Top {northern, J Lucerne, - - . . White Honcysiickje Clover, Red Clover .'(nonliern) WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, " Merino, full !>!„od.iMnva.shed, " 30| Merino, mixed with Saxony, ■ " 60! Merino, three iburihs washed, Jlerino.half hlooci, Uleriuo. quarter Native, washed. Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, . Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, Pulled, " spinning, first sort. PROVISION MARKET. COr.RECTEn EVEBY WEEK BV MR HJVWAf ( Cierk of Faneiiit-hail Market.) BEEF, best pieces, - POKK, fresh, best pieces, W'lioie liogs, V'i;VL. UUl'PON I'OL'LTKY. HUTTER,kfgandtub, - Li. nip, best, EGGS, WEAL, Rye. retail, bushel barrel FROK TO 2 00 3 00 115 00 120 I'O 133 00 135 00 1 90 10 00 10 6U 8 5.0 9 m Indii , retail, I'dTATns CJIDER, [according to quality,] pound £ 10 •' 8 10 '■ i) 6 " 4 S 4 18 " 10 12 " 11 14 " . 13 SO dozen bushel. 11 84 I* 95 40 70 'arrel. 3 50 -100 Grass Seeds. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North M.irket street, A large a^isortment of Seeds of the various grasses cul- tivated in New England, viz: HERDS GRASS ; RED TOP ; ORCHARD GRASS; TALL MEADOW OATS GRASS; FOWL MEADOW GRASS; LUCERNE, or FRENCH CLOVER; RED CLOVER; WHITE HONEYSUCKLE CLOVER; al=o BUCKWHEAT, FLAX, MILLET, FIELD PEAS, nd 14 varieties of the most esteemed FIELD TURNIP all warranted _ j r m , . , Cows and calves — No sales noticed. ^ SJ'eep and Lambs.— From $1,17 to $1,75— fair lotf ;, , -K J onn f.i- ,, XT ,,1 lU" Subsciibers to the New England Farmer are in- were taken at about $1,50 a $l,62i ^l\yJ''^':i^"'z?l^'J'"', °l?"' '^.':'K' New Eng. \ f ,™ed that they can have their Volumes neatly ha"f | Su>ine-We noUced one selected lot of 46 taken at 4 bJund and lettered by sending them to this office. cts. and one of 61 to close at 3i cts.— at retail 4J a 5 ct». Chloride of Soda. ale at the Seed Store connected with the N. E , 52 North Market-street — A few dozen bottles of _ ...„....„ eof Soda, for preserving meat, removing offensive I SEED, cultivated in Europe and Ame neutralizing pestilential exhalations, and destroy- of the first quality, and at the customary 'markeVprJces tagioii ; prepared by the New England chemical | Aug. 13, y for Lowe and Reed. This valuable article is arly described, page 390 of this week's New En ■mcr.— Price $1,00 per bottle, with directions. Brightom Markkt — Monday, August 16. [Reported for the Chronicle and Patiiot.l At Market this day, 472 Beef Cattle, (nearly 100 unsold at the close of the market,) 335 Stores, 12 Cows and Calves, 4106 Sheep and Lambs, and 252 Swine. Prices— Beef Cattle— A depreciation of about 17 cents per 100 pounds from last week : we quote from $3,50 to $4,.'j0 ; we noticed 3 or 4 sold for $'4,624. Stores — Few sales only noticed, too many at Market for the season. 40 NEW ENGLAND FARMER August 20, 18:!0 From a ' Mar'.nei's Sketches,' lately publislieil in ProviHence. Sickness at Sea. — One who has never been at sea, can form no idea of the peculiar feelingfs of de- serteilness and s-iliturte that seize the wretch, whom the fates visit with any kind of indisposition of body, when out of the reach of the faculty nurses, warm- ing pans, chicken broths, and all those convenien- ces, that make a fit of sickness at home, a kind of 'otium cum dignilnle' affair — a sort of temporary withdrawing one's self from the cares and vexations of'this vile world, while the increased solicitude and anxiety of friends give one a feeling of consequence and importance, peculiarly srratifyinir, provided never- theless, that the sickness aforesaid is not unto death, in which case, perhaps' the difference between sea and land is merely imaginary. But at sea no one can be spared to wait upon the patient; chickens are viinus, warming pans and doctors ditto. The cook is indeed ex officio nurse general, and is in fact called the 'doctor' in all merchant ships, though his culinary avocations render his attentions to the h"ospitiil department extremely uncertain and inter- mittent, for the axiom that 'a living dog is better than a dead lion,' or even a sick one, is gospel at sea, and of course greater care is taken to supply the healthy with food than the sick with comforts. In addition to tliis, I have always remarked that the masters of American merchantmen will seldom be- lieve that a man is sick till the agonies of death take place, it being the chief cornerstone of their belief to look after their employer's interest first and foremost, and rather to kill a man by hard work and exposure, than to permit him to defraud the owners by his iiDliuiely sickness. liLE OF France. — Very high up on the side of oucj of t!ie highest mountains near the harbor, is a tel- egraph station, which seemed inaccessible to any animal but a very smart, active monkey ; from which vessels could be seen twentyfour hours before their arrival, from the extreme clearness of the air. In this island, originated the science of ' nauscopy,' or, as an Irish philosopher defines it, ' the art of seeing a ship before she is in sight ;' the theory of which is this, that the refraction of the air, shows an inverted iuiage of the ship above the horizon, while the sliip is still below or rather beyond its limits. This 'notion' attracted some attention at first, but was soon exploded, people generally being contented with seeing in a straight line, and doubting the utility of looking ' round a corner.' Calcutta. — The Fakirs, a class of devotees, may be steu in almost every street, practising their re- ligious mummeries. One of these fellows that 1 saw, had made a vow to keep his arm in an upright posi- tion Yor seven years, but long before the expiration of half that term, the muscles shrunk and withered and lost all their power so that the limb remained tixed alofl, like a sloop's topmast, or a lightning rod. Another had vowed to lie upon a plank bed, covered with blunt iron points, about half an inch long. His vow was likewise for seven years, and when I sjw him, his hide was callused and as hard as an al- ligator's, and I have no doubt was equally impene- trable, though I had no convenient opportunity of trying the experiment. A third wretch had made a vow not to sleep at night, and for the purpose of preventing the carnal ■ man from getting a nap without the privity or con- sent of the spiritual, he uttered a roar every four or five minutes during the night. In the course of the ' pilgrim's progress' he took up his station directly un- der my chamber window. I bore it with most ex- emplary fortitude for one night, muttering curses, not loud bat deep, and meditating ' brave punisli- mei.ts' and schemes of vengeance tor my murdered sleep, for ihcie periodical howls had the double effect of keeping both himself and uie awake. The next night, in company with a fellow lodger, I took my stand at the window, well provided with brick- bats. About ten o'clock the mortifier of the flesh 'took post,' and in due time warbled forth a long and melodious howl, to wliirh we immediately re- sponded by a shower of missiles, whose peculiar dull banging sound, announced that they had come in contact with the 'soul's dark cottage' of the saint, who was soon after seen clearing out, and to 'make uight hideous' somewhere else. If one walk for recreation in one of the same spicy groves, there is ten chances to one, tliat he disturbs the repose of a' 'cobra di capello,' or hood- ed snake, whose bite sends him to the shades in fif- teen minutes, so that unless he has his testamentary dotuments previously prepiired, he runs some risk of dying intestate, and chousing the judge of pro- bate out of his fees; if he is tempted by the shade of a tree to take a nap under its branches, he finds when it is too late, that is, when he wakes in another world, that he has been sleeping under a mancliineel, or some other whose narcotic shade is an introduction to the. infernal shades; if he sit down to rest himself, a scorpion or centipede crawls up his pantaloons and the envenomed sting leaves him a leg out of pocket : if he extend his walk far into the forest, he meets with a tiger, or a boa con- strictor, who happens, just at that moment, to be in search of a dinner, and the unfortunate admirer of spicy groves finds an ignoble grave in the bowels of a wild beast ; if he feel oppressed by the heat and takes a fancy to bathe in the coolin» stream, an alligator, a mile long, introduces him to ' worlds bc- Imv the flood ; ' if he avoid the spicy groves and pe- rambulate the open field, a ' coup de soleil,' dehiium and brain fever close the scene. South Shetlano Islands — The seals, on our first arrival, were so tame, that when hauling our boats on shore, it was frequently necessary to kick them out of the way. 1 saw one beach where upwards of three bundled had been killed, almost every one of which had a young one as black as a coal, and look- ing at a little distance like black water spaniels. These poor little wretches were standing whiin- peiing and whining each one by the mangled carcase of its dead mother, a piteous spectacle. On one of these rambles we unexpectedly came across an old wig [male s6al] on an immensely high cliff. He was probably rusticating to avoid the ex- termination that was raging on the sea-coast. It was immediately resolved, nem con. that he should be compelled to jump off the cliff forthwith, a res- olution which we proceeded to put in practice. Notwithstanding his roarings and caperings, iiis re- luctance, and his ' nitor in adversum' behavior, he gradually approached the brink, till at last he took the 'lover's leap.' I ran and looked over the edge of the cliff, and saw him bounding like a foot-ball from one projection to another till he alighted in the roaring surf below. As soon as he had extricated himself from the tremendous surf into which he fell, and which flew half way up to us, though elevated nearly four hundred feet above the level, he turned his head towards us, and, I presume, roared lustily, though his voice was not distinguishable from the roar of the surf. By way of appeasing him we kicked off a score of penguins, that had colonized the place. We were just getting the frying-pan and coffee kettle under way. the mate was compounding a large tin pot of hot 'blackstrap,' when a huge monster of an old wig bolted in among us without ceremony, and deliberately placed himself in the middle of the fire, which was large enough and liot enough to have roasted a cattle-show premium ox. I saw him after the snow had abated, smelling at his scorched flip- pers from time to time, as if at a loss to account for their crisped condition. Lascars — Nothing occurred to vary the scene but a very heavy thunder squall near the equator. Not a single black fellow could be persuaded or forced to go aloft, they all fell prostrate on deck, crying 'Allah! Allah!' \ made shift to coax one, who had been in an English man of war, to go aloft with me, and got him as far as the main top, when an exceedingly bright flash of lightning, that roost effectually blinded me for five or six miuutes accom- panied-by a clap of thunder, like the explosion of dozen or twenty powder mills, overthrew his for*, tude and he slid down one of the maintopmast bad stays, and joined his howling countrymen. Thi have likewise a great antipathy to cold.— Talkir with one of them one day, he said that on the coa of Chili, in the winter, it was 'two jacket cold' goir round Van Dieman's Land was 'three jacket cob but the English channel in the winter time, w; ' plenty jacket cold.' Overboard.— 1 was going aloft and had got as fi as the futtock shrouds, w hen a ratlin broke under n feet, and I fell backwards. My first sensation wi surprise ; 1 could not imagine where I was, but soc ascertained from the rusliiiig of the air bv my ca that I was falling and that headforemost. "Dr'Johi son says that the near approach of death wonderful concentrates a man's ideas. I am sure it did niit for I never thought so fast before or since, as I d dniing the few seconds that I was tumbling. 1 an instant the rccolleciion came into my bead th; one of the quarter deck guns (No. !iO) was direct under me, and I should m all human probability, I dashed to pieces upon it. I would have given tl world to vent r.iy feelings in cries, I tried to gathi my limbs together, to contract my muscles, to shric my body into as small a compass as possible, ai with unspeakable terror awaited the 'death shod All this time there was a blood red light befoi my eyes, through which a thousand horrible forn were constantly gliding. Then I thought of bom and the forms of all 1 hold dear on earth, and mar others, 'strangers of distinction,' besides, floated bi fore me. Then the recollection of the infernal gu and the consequent smash across the breech of it,"pi all these phantoms to flight, and I felt that peculii sickness and distress at the stomach, which it is sa one experiences when on the point of undergoin a sudden violent and painful death, and I thougl to myself 'surely it must be almost time for tl shock.' A shock I certainly did receive, and that no ve; gentle one across the back of the head, neck ai left shoulder, and in an instant all was dark and sti ' It is all over,' thought I 'this is the slate betwec death and resurrection.' I really thought I had pa sed the first and awaited with increased terror f the second, when to my utter dismay, I felt mysf falling a second lime, but the sensation was differen the blow that I had received had turned me, and was descending feet foremost. But no words can e; press my delight, my ecstasy, at finding myself owe board, instead of on the gun. I kept going dow down, till it appeared to me that the seven fathoa and a half, (the depth of water at our anchorage had more than doubled since we let go our ancho After a while I became stationary arid soon bega slowly to ascend. When I looked up I saw higl very high above me, a dim greenish light, whic became brighter and brighter till at last I bounce on the surface like a cork. It is said that intelligence is now received at Pari from Calais, in 3 minutes, by 27 telegraphs — in minutes, from Lille, by 22 — in 6^ from Strasbur| by 46— in 8 from Lyons, by 50 — in Iti from Perpij nan, bv 89 — in 8 from Brest, by 20 — in 145^ fioi Toulon, by m.—PhiUd. Chron. Publisliod every Fri aahe A^ricnllBral Warehouse No. .'52 Norili HUrkei t^ agents. New York — G. Thoebubn & Son, G7 l.iberly-slreel. Pliilailelphia- U. & U Landketh. 86 Chcsinui-sirpci. Ballimoie—G. H. Smith, Office ol ihe Ameiican Farmti A'ljatltl — \\-iU. Jf.S.-TE liUEL. Fuishhig.N. Y.Wja PRiNCE&SoNs,Prop.Lia.Bol.r;: Mi(7/(t/7i— Goodwin & Sons. Halifax, N. S.— P. J. Hoi LA.vn. Fsq. Recorder Office. Montreal, L. C— A. Uowman, tSookseller. NEW ENGI^AI^D FA PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 32 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agkicultural^j^ SiR« G FESSENDEN, EDITOR. ^'OL, IX. BOSTOIV, FRIDAY, AUGUST 27, I830. NO. 6. vc; vD ;^ ^ ^9 £r ;i ^js ii s a ® £r 3a Al'OLEON AND PASSJE COLMAR PEARS. 3Ir Fessenden — Will you please to iiolice an rralLiin either of the pies?, or pen, in niy xtraot iVoni MrW. R. Prince's note in your last ppr. The word ' not' before the word ' identi 1' was omitted — it should have read ' which are not eniical.' The error is a material one, though sily corrected by looking back to the next pre- cding paper. I presume that Mr Prince never read your pa- r giving an account of the exhibitions of our wly imported pear. Please to insert the follow- cxtract from the Mass. Horticultural Society's port of the pear exhibited on Saturday, the 24th October, 1829. ' By John Prince, Esq. speci- ens of the Napoleon pearfrom Mr Knight's scions, beautiful, high flavored pear, iufne order, melt- ', sprightly, and full of delicious juice.' It will be seen, then, that the Boston cultivators re not so very ignorant, as to mistake a winter ir for an autumnal one — a yellow pear, with a ish, with deep yellow Jlesh, for a gi-een pear, euish yellow when ripe, with white flesh, nor a ir, the most extravagant and profiise bearer ever seen here, for one, which is but a common one that respect. The Napoleon of Mr Knight is erfect model of the drawing of the Napoleon the Pomological Magazine — ripens at the same e, and has the same qualities. Our Napoleon ! hope therefore) is not spurious, although Mi nee claims his own ' cw the genuine.' Mr ht told us, that the Passe Colinar was so at a bearer that he was obliged to take ofi" uine ths of the fruit, — aiul so is ours. A FARMER. ^oxbury, August 2Ut, 1830. has one or two varictie ed troni that pest. Yours truly, Salem, Aug. 17, which have never sutler- J. M. I. GOOSEBERRIES. Ir Rcssell — As we have within these few received great additions to our stock of iseberrics from Scotland, and as the diflerent led varieties are so dissimilar in size, produc- less, and flavor, it seems important that those 3h are really worth cultivation should be wn. Jly means of ascertaining those which lesirable, are so limited, that I have known a kw choice kinds, among which are the fol- ig, — labelled, ' Jolly Gardener,' 'Whitesmith' Jolly Angler ;' this last is a particularly fine of good size, and amber color when ripe, here is one variety with us (the name lost) h is very prolific, three pints having been ta- from a two years old bush ; it is an acid fruit, ble only for cooking. The largest fj-uited j in our neighborhood is not worth cultiva- it is very large, very acid, and very astringent, nbliiig in this last quality the Dwarf Choke ry [Prunus obovata,) it was received from Glas- by the high sounding name of 'Emperor.' would confer a favor on the conmiunity if of your correspondents would send in to oflice a list of those kinds, which they woidd * UNPRODUCTIVE PEAR TREES. Mr Fessenden — I would crave the indulgence through the medium of your useful paper, of in- qniriiig what is the probable cause of the unfriiit- fulness and decay of the St Michael pear trees. I have on my farm a considerable number of these trees of diflfereiit ages, and of almost every size. They arc an- Armstrong of Duchess,' published in Memoirs of the N. Y. Board of Agriculture, vol. iii. page 27, gives the following directions relative to the management of Pear Trees. < When an old tree becomes unproductive, one or tw'» methods should be adopted — either to cut it down within eighteen inches or two feet from the ground, and train up anew some selected graft, whicl may have pushed from the stump, (which is the method of Forsyth ;) or, ' to take off at its :., every Jjranch which does not want at least twenty degrees of being perpendicular, and all spurs from such other branches as by adopting this rule v\[\ be left. Into these, (the retained branch- es) at heir subdivisions, and at diflerent distances from tlieir bases quite to their extremities, grafts must be carefully inserted, which, when they at- tain sifiicient length, (say twelve inches) must be trained downward — the lower ones almost perpen- dicular, and the upper onesjust below a horizontal line ; and so placed as to distance that the leaves of the one will not at all shade the other.' We hope some of our correspondents will give the results of practical science on this subject. each direction ; but specimens of this latter shape are not very often met with. The position of the eye is even, or nearly so, with the outer surface of the fruit, and the stem is green and 8 or 9 lincg in length. The skin is, even at the period of matur- ity, of an uniform shade of rather dark green, and is also perfectly smooth ; in some cases, how- ever, one may observe a grayish streak running lengthwise of the fruit. The flesh is rather firm, but melting, and of a pleasant flavor, with some sweetness and richness. The seeds are brown and the fruit ripens at the end of September or early in October. The tree is of thrifty growth, with dark green foliage, and it has altogether a. very healthy appearance. Ambrette. There having been much discussion also relative to tlie^/Hire»e^(ar, I now scud a descrijition of the onlyivinler pear so called in Europe. It will be seen that it ditfers from that described under this naiiie by Mr Co.\e, anie stem, which is large, 9 lines in length and inserted in a very small cavity, whose circumference is swollen by some small protuberances. The head is very round and the eye is placed in a slight depression, surrounded by some small projections. The skin is whitish and sometimes grayish, according to the soils. The flesh is greenish white, melting, and of a sweet, rich, and very pleasant flavor. The seeds are black and contained in broad cells, and the fruit begins to ripen in November, but keeps till in February. The branches arc thorny and the tree may be ingrafted on both the pear and the quince. It delights in a dry and warm soil, • with a good exposition, and succeeds better as a standard than as a dwarf; in wet and cold soils the fruit is far inferior to that produced in more favorable situations. Angleterre — Duhamel. Synonymes. Poire d'' Angleterre, Beurre d'Angleterre, Pr. Cat. No. 119. Angleterre or English Beurrie, Coxe. The form of this pear is exactly pyramidal. Its height 33 to 36 lines, and its breadth 23 to 25, but there are occasionally .some of larger and some of smaller dimensions. The skin is generally are less liable to mUdew than others, as he , breadth as height, being then 28 or 29 lines in i light green, without any other particular shaV 42 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, August 27, 1830. tuit sometimes it becomes a lik.^ yellowish at per- t'oct maturity, arid the suuny side acquires a red- dish tint; in all cases it is dotted over with iiutner- ous grayish specks. The fle.sh is very melting and replete with rich and pleasant juice. It ripens in September and becomes soft soon after. The seeds are blackish brown, large, and i)erfect. There is no variety of the ])ear more extensively cultivated at Paris and its environs than this, and during the month of September the markets are filled with the fruit. The tree is very productive and seldom fails to produce a crop. It is only propagated on the pear stock, as it does not succeed on the quince. I perceive Forsyth qu( tes this from Duhamel as a synonyme of the IJrown Beurre, which is a great error, it being a very melting pear, and therefore the appellation of Beurre in every case misapplied. PRESERVING VEGETABLES FOR WINTER, &c. Mr F'essenden — Seeing a paragrn])h in th last N. E. Farmer respectinjf the preservation of green vegetaldes for winter use, 1 liave been in- duced to offer a remark or two in order to prevent if nossible, others suffering the mortification which i endured myself the last winter. I have tried the same method, as well as some others, several times and have invariably been disappointed. Peas, Corn, and Beans, are rendered tasteless anil insipid. Beans, though they retained in a small degree their flavor, were so hard as to be unfit for use. I state these factg merely for the benefit of those who like myself are lovers of vegetables, that they may not be disappointed.- Jlug. 21, 1830. A SUBSCRIBER. Remarks bylhe Editor — We did not publisli the paragraph alluded to as a diso:ov"'ery of our own, but gave our authority for the report^. There may, jierhaps, be a process for preserving vegetables for v/inter's use, which may prove successful, though others have failed. A Treatise on 'The Art of Preserving all kinds of Animal and Vegetable Substances, for several Years,' by M. Appert, was i)ublished by order of the French Minister tif the Interior. * In this it is stated tliat M. Appert's process consisted, 1. In inclosing, in bottles the substances to be preserved. 2d. In corking the bottles with the utmost care ; for it is chiefly on the corking that the success of the process depends. 3d. In submitting these inclosed substances to the action of boiling water in a water bath (Bal- neum Mitria) for a greater or less length of time, according to their nature, and in the manner point- ed out with respect to each several kind of sub- stance. 4th. In withdrawing the bottles from the water hath nt the period described. A translation of this Treatise moy be fotind in the Appendix of the second American edition of Dr Willich's Domestic Em-yclopedia, published in Philadelphia, in 1826. months every year — the other is defended from the overflowings of the sea by strong dykes ; yet these countries are the n\ost famous for richness of soil, forabundajit harvests and ease of cultiva- tion, .of any upon the earth. I have often won- dered why our farmers should suffer the rich val- leys and meadows to lie useless aneriment,' says the editor of the Hampden Whig, ' was com- municated to us by a worthy patriot, with a wish that we should give it to the public' Filial Affection.— Meyvioodi, in his account of cer- tain persons who suflfered in Scotland, on a charge of witchcraft, says, that one of them, a woman, when fastened to the stake, cried to her son for water. ' llelpe me to any drink, be it ever so little, for I am most extremely drie,' to which the hopeful youth replied, ' By no means, deare mother, will I do you that wrong, for the drier you are, no doubt you will burn the better.' Prevention of Musquitoes. — A correspondent o the N. Y. Courier, suggests the following mode of preventing the abundance of Musquitoes that are apt to make their appearance about this sea- son of the year. It merely consists in sifting a peck of wood ashes into each cistern, to destroy the aniinalcula; from which the musquitoes are produced. So small a quantity of ashes will not injure the water ; and the remedy is at least worth trying. Remedies for Stings and Bruises. — In the trialsi of many years, in our own family, we have never found Olive Oil, or Commrm Sweet Oil, to fail of giving immediate relief and effecting a complete cure oi poisonous stings, it gently rubbed on imme- diately, and continued for a short time. And, for a bruise, the application of fVattr, as hot as it can be borne, either by a wet cloth, or by immers- ing the part, we have always found effectual. It may be necessary to continue the application of water, and to renew the heat, for a considerable time, and to rub the swollen party soflly. — Penn. Examiner. Elder leaves, put around the roots of peach trees, is recommended as a perfect antidote for the injury arising fmm worms. — JV. Y. Farmer. The largest holly tree now known in Europe, grows at present in the garden of Richard Armstrong, Esq. of Ballgaly; it is upwards of sixty feet in height. An ingenious mechanic in the neighborhood of Hull has invented a small lamp, which may be attached to spectacles of a particular description, by means of which and a reflector, any person may read in the To destrny .Slugs — I have always remarked that slugs will attack the leaf of a somewhat withered cabbage in preference to those in a more thriving condition. When I plant out a bed of cab- bages, therefore, I strew the leaves that I cut off all over the bed and the slugs will lie under them and feed on them in the shade. Every day or two I have the leaves gathered up and given to the pigs and then strow more leaves, and .so on, till I get rid of the slugs entirely. — Ibid. Silk Culture. — Several thousand Mulberry trees, says the Troy Budget, have been jilanted in that vicinity ; — Dr Corning and Mrs Pawling, are each feeding several thou.sand silk worms. 44 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Atigiin 27, 1830 From the Columbian Qazette. I main at rest for a period from six to twentyfour 'rapid, and tlie wine prove stronger and lf?s sweei — or-o I 'i°'"'^> when they are to he strained througli a WINE FKOM NATIVE GRAPES. ! ^^^^^^ ^^g^ j,y ^^ ,„^,p|, f^^.^^ ^^ ^^,^ conveniently We acknowledge the receipt of four hotlles of ^ ^^ api.lied to them— one gallon of fresh water wine from Major Adhim, accompanying his re- '. ^^^ afterwards be passed through the 7narc, for ceipt in our paper of today for making wine from j ^j^^ pm.|,osg ^f removing any soluble matter whicli the wild grape, as a specimen of whatour coun- , ^^^^^ j^^^^.^ remained beliind. Twentyfive pounds try can produce with trifling labor. How much better would it be for the health, comfort and mor- als of our farmers, if they would bestow more attention upon the manufacture of an article which requires so little trouble and expense, and which is so infinitely superi9r to the jioisonous trash of every description sold under the various names of spirits. Domestic wine. Cider and Perry are not only more wholesome but cheaper than ardent spirits. We have every variety of soil and climate, and only need a little experience to rival the most fa- mous wines of Madeira, France or Sjiain. Mr Editor — As there is now growing over the whole face of our country, thousands of bush- els of wild grapes, and as the Fox-graps is now nearly of the size it will come to when at maturity, I have written the accompanying receipt,, which if you publish in your useful paper, it may be of some advantag^e to the public in general. I have, according to this receipt, made wines of various qualities, some of wliich accompanies this — it was sometimes at three or four years old equal to the best Madeira, according to the opin- ions of good judges, and none of it so bad as the low priced rot g'ui wines now imported, much as your Malagas, Clarets, &lc, and it is as salubrious as the best of those imported. I have made wine of a Fox-grape that was pronounced by Mr Jef- ferson and others, equal to the Burgundy lif Cham- hertin, one of the best wines in France, and it was at the time compared with Burgundy he had on his table, imported by himself when he was Pres- ident of the United States. And last autumn I made a I'M'" °^ wine from the common small grape, growing spontaneously on the fences, stone- heaps and shrubs, by some called the Chicken, and by others the Ciolyon grape ; it is the Vitis sylvestris. or blue bunch grape of Bartram. This wine was pronounced by several ladies and gen- tlemen recently from France, equal to, and of the flavor of Burgundy, that cost in France^we francs per bottle. I am, Sir, Very respectfully yours, &c. JOHN ADLUM. TO MAKE WINE OF IMMATURE GRAPES. Although wine may be made in any stage of their growth, and of any kind of grape, I would advise them to be left on the vines until they have attained their full size — and as the skin and stem of the unrijie grape has no bad flavor, the grapes may be used in any stage of their growth. Grapes of different sorts and sizes may be mixed together. The following receipt is for ten gallons, wliioli may be increased to any quantity by taking the fruit, &c, in proportion : To a tub of the capacity of fifteen or twenty gallons, take forty pounds of immature grapes, of good clean sugar, either brown or white, are now to be dissolved in the juice thus procured, and the total bulk of the fluid made up with water, to the amount of ten gallons and a half. The liquor thus obtained is the artificial must, which is equivalent to the juice of the grape. It is now to be introduced into a tub of sufficient capacity, over wliich a blanket or similar texture, covered by a board, is to be thrown, the vessel being placed in a temperature of from 60° to 80° of Fahrenheit's Thermometer. Here it may re- main for twentyfour hours or two days, accord- ing to the symptoms of fermentation which it may show, and from this tub it may be drawn in- to ferment. When in the cask it must be filled to but it will accjuire more flavor. Cream of tartar, or, which is preferable, crud tartar, may be added to the must in the projjortioi of six ounces to ten gallons or one ])ound to i barrel. If it is wished to have a very sweet as well a brisk wine, the sugar may he increased five pound for every ten gallons. And in this case if th fruit is increased to fiffy pounds instead of fortj or in that proportion, and keep it two years in th cask, it will assume a Madeira favor, and it will I a pteasanter and better wine than most Madeira not imported. If the wine is intended to be less svvee that is, five jiounds less of sugar to the ten gallon.' if it is not bottled in March, it will, after th inoiith of August or September, be a better win. than the French Madeira now imported. But i all the above processes if it is bottled in March, i will seven times out often sparkle like Champaign And all sparltling wines to drink them in perfec tion ought to be drank in from twelve to eighteei the bung-hole, that the scum which arises from j months after it is made, the bottom may be thrown out — as the fermenta- ; To insure briskness without excessive sweei tioti |irocecds, and the bulk of the liquor in the ness, the fuitmustbe increased to fifty pound: cask diminishes, the superfluous iiortion of the when the sugar is from 25 to 30 pounds. If, dui must[i'iz. the half gallon) which was made for the jng the fermentation of wine thus formed, tlier express purpose, must be poured in so as to k'^ep the liquor still near the bung-hole. When the fer- mentation becomes a little languid, as may be known by the diminution of the hissing noise, the bung is to be driven in and a hole bored by its side, into which a wooden peg is to be fitted — this peg may be drawn once in two or three days, for a few minutes, to let the air that has been generated escape — and in about three weeks or a month it may be drove in permanently tight. The wine thus made must be put into a cool cellar, as it is no longer necessary to promote the fermentation process. If the ojierator is not in- clined to bestow any further labor or expense, he may examine it in some clear cold day in January or February, or the beginning of March, when if it is fine and bright, as it frequently will be, it may be bottled without further precautions. To in- sure its fineness, however, it is the better practice to rack or decant it towards the end of Perem- ber into a fresh cask (fumigated with sulphur) so as to clear it of its . lees. At this time also, the operator will be able to determine whether it is not too sweet for his views. In this case, instead of racking it, &c, he will stir up the lees so as to renew the fermenting process, taking care also to increase the temperature at the same time. At whatever time the wine is racked it ought to be fined. Sometimes it may be necessary to rack it a second lime into a fresh cask, (if the witH is not perfectly bright,) and again repeat the opera- tioii of fining. All .these removals should he made in clear, dry, and ifi)OS?iblc, in cold weather. In any case it must be bottled during the month of March. The wine thus i)roduced will generally be brisk, and similar in its qualities to the wines of Cham- paign, with the strength of the best Sicily. Circumstances which cannot always be control- ed, will sometimes cause it to be sweet and still. oiild appear any danger of the sweetness van ishing altogether, it may be racked into a cask fumigated with sulphur, and the fermentatio checked by fining. Thus it will be speedily fi for use. The best mode of fining wines that I am ac quainted with is as follows, say for a cask of fror thirty to thirtyfour gallons ■. Draw off a gallon or more wine, then take on. quart of milk immediately from the cow afte milking and before any separation takes place, t which add two table spoonfuls of salt and one c '" the sweet spirits of nitre — mix it with the win drawn, and pour it into your cask and stir it wel and leave the bung loose for about twelve hour and then drive it tight — and in from eight t twelve days it will be beautifully fine and brigh and is ready to bottle. If the fermentation is complete, and all th sweet principle turned to alcohol, fining is unnecef sary, as the wine will be perfectly fine and bright— and it is only to be fined when there is small par tides floating in ir, or cloudy ; and when all th. sediment, mucilage and other impurities are go clear of, eitlier by fermentation or fining, it wil then keep for an age or ages — no matter for it strength, without it should extract some ferment ing principle out of the cask. (no matter for the variety ichelher wildor cultivated,) and bruise them in successive portions by « Pre*^- I ^^'a^roThers toT.e''dry sure suflicient to burst the berries without break- ing the seeds : four gallons of water are then to variations of the process described above. be poured into the vessel, and the contents are to The skin of the grape or the whole marc, as be carefully stirred and squeezed by the hand until well as the juice may be fermented together in the the whole of the juice and pulp are separated from vat or tub, along with the sugar in the first stage of the solid matter. The materials are then to re- ' the process. The fermentation will thus be more Remarks on the general principles of husbandry J. Whatever may be the nature of your soil and situation of your farm, remember that there ii no soil so good, but it may be exhausted and ruin, ed by bad tillage ; and that there is none so bail that cannot be rendered fertile by good tillage- even barren heath, if it can be ploughed and swarded. 2. The true art of husbandry consists in suf- fering no crop to grow upon your land, that will so far exhaust your siil, as to lessen the value ol yonr succeeding crop, whatever profit such a crop mar afford you. 3. To avoid this, suffer no orre crop to gro two years successively, upon the same piece ol ground, excepting grass and buckwheat, without the fertilizing aid of rich manures to support the Vol. I X.— No. 6. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 45 itrengtii of tlie soil; and then cliangc of crops fjenerally do best, excepting onions, carrots, nd lioMi|). 4. Kvery plant derives from the eartli for its ;rowtIi, sucli properties as are peculiar to itself; his plant, when followed successively for two or iioro years, upon the same ground, will exhaust e soil of those properties peculiar to itself, vvith- ut lessening its powers to produce some other lants : this fact is most striking in the article of lax, which will not bear to be repeated oftener lau once in seven years, and is common to all rops, with the exception of those mentioned hove. 5. To avoid this evil, arrange your farm into such visions as will enable you to improve all the va- ety of crops your lands may require, in such jular succession, as to form a routine of five, six, seven years, according to the nature, quality, d situation of your farm. 6. This njctliod will make poor land good, id good land better. Try and see. — Monlgom- y Co. Free Press. Food for Cattle. Every traveller who pas- s Alsfelt, a little town between Frankfurt and eimer, remarks the beauty of the oxen employ- in agriculture in that neighborhood, and yet ey are only fed on straw and roots, straw being e only fodder raised in that part of the coun- It is prepared as follows: The straw is cut very small by the chaffcutter : is then put into a cauldron, mixed with potatoes d carrots, and boiled till it forms a kind of jelly, lis mixed with a sufficient quantity of water, served in due portion to the blasts. The an- als so fed require no water, and so well do ey thrive on tliis mess, that they are, notwith- iiding the summer labor, ready for the butcher the end of the year. your, de Soe. Agric. Practiq. From the Palladium. Tomatos. — We see, by the papers, that the iladelphia Market is already abundantly sup- ed with this delicious and healthy vegetable, e hnve been sorry to learn, from our Horti- turists, that they do not bring the Tomato into rket so early as they mig'ht, for the reason t there is here so little demand for it. Of all >etahles, the Tomato is, for the summer, the t healthful, palatable, and refreshing. On the rbary coast, in the South of Europe, and in all Southern States they are prized above all er summer vegetables. Its culture has not, within a few years past, been generally intro- ed into the gardens of Pennsylvania and New •sey, but it now receives much attention there, 1 has become a great favorite at every table. |)iogress in public favor, in New England, is no means commensurate with its merits; ugh it can be raised in as great perfection I abimdance here as anywhere. The maxim he Romans, in regard to another vegetable, »etter applicable to tlie Tomato : Cur morialxtr homo, cui crescit in horto. ToMATHM ?' Cheap suhstitute for Malt. — The Mechanics' gazine (London) announces the roots known the name of Mangel-wurtzel, as a chea|) substi- ! for Malt in the preparation of Beer. The ner in which they should be used is this : cleanse well the roots, cut them into slices, and put them into a boiler in which as much water will b(! placed as will siiflice to cover them, lay a weight on them to press them down ; let them be taken out and pressed ; the liquor so extracted from the roots is to be, with the water in which the tools were Itoiled, again set over the fire and reduced, by boiling, to such strength as suits the palate ; then add so much Hops as may !)e con- sidered necessary; let the extracted matter be again set on the fire for one hour; when taken up, lei the liquor be cooled as quickly as possible, and a sufficient quantity of yeast to work, it is gen- erally done with ale. The expense does not ex- ceed 7 English shillings for 16 gallons. There- fuse left from the press is an excellent food for pigs- Remedy for Burns and Scalds. — From the num- ber of accidents which have lately taken place, and by which several persons have been so dreadfully burned as to cause death, we recommend the fol- lowing simple remedy, by which the pain from either a burn or scald is instantly relieved ; let clarified honey be applied on a linen rag, and in one moment the pain will cease. This remedy has been tried several times, and it always reliev- ed the moment the honey was applied. — J^eieark Times. Corn Cobs. — It has been pretty accurately as- certained that thirteen bushels of Indian Corn in the ear, ground up corn and cobs together, afford at least as much nutriment in feeding cattle, as nine bushels- of corn wiihout the col>s. The dif- ference "is owing to the great quantity of saccha- rine matter coutaiiled in the col)s, as well as in the additional stimulus of distention afforded by the food, which is all important for graminivorous an- imals.— Columbia [Penn.) Spy. TEMPERANCE AND PATRIOTISM. The Anniversary of American Indepfcnpress his anger, the proprietor ran up to him, for the purpose of giving him a ducking, but, at the moment, the deaf man hobbsd his head down, and the incensed gentleman's foot slippin?, he fell headlopn- into the water — a depth of six feet — and v/as oliliged to call upon the deaf mnn to assist him in getting out: who told him he did not expect to catch such a large fish in that pond, or he would have brought a stronger line. — Brighton Herald. 46 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, August 27, 1830. BOSTON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 27, 1830. PEAT FOR MANURE. . Lord Meadowbank, a British nobleman, pub- lished a pump'det on the best mode of converting peat into manure, from which the following is ex- tracted : — 'Lt't the peat-moss, of which compost is to he formal, he thrown out of tlie pit for some weeks or niontlis, in order to loose its redundant moist- ure. By this means it is rendered the ligliter to carry, aiul less compact and weighty, when made up with fresh dung, for fermentation ; and accord- ingly, less dung is required for the i)urpose, than if the i)roparation is made with peat taken recently frotii the pit. The peat taken near the surface, or at a considerable depth answers equally well. And the more compact the peat, and the fitter to prove gdod fuel, so much the more promising it is to be prc|iared for manure. ' Take the peat-moss to a dry spot, convenient for con.^tructing a dunghill, to serve the field to be manured. Lay the cart-loads of it in two rows, and the dung in a row betwixt them. The dun thus lies on the area of the compost dunghill, and the rows of peat should be near enough each other, that ilie workmen in making up the com- post, nuiy he able to throw them together by the gpade. In making up let the workmen begin at one end ; and at the extremity of the row of dung, (which should not extend quite so far at that end, as the rows of peat on each side of it do,) let them lay a bottom of peat, six inches deep, and fifteen feet wide. Then throv/ forward, and lay about ten inches of dung above the bottom of the peat ; thc:i four or five of dung ; and then cover it over with peat at the end where it was begun, at the two sides and above. The compost should not be raised above four feet qpd a half high, otherwise it is apt to press too heavily on the under parts, and c.lieck the fermentation ; unless the peat, when dry be very puffy and light, and then a much greater height is desirable. Nehher should it be ihucli lower, otherwise it will prove wanting in the compactness, and soon also, if the weather is very drv, in the moisture required for the ingredients of wiiich it consists to act chemically onj^ach other. When a beginning is thus made, the vvorkinen will « prr.ccnd working backwards, and adding to the • column of compost as they are furnished with the three rows of materials, directed to be laid down for tlieni. They must take care not to tread on the compost, or render it too compact, and of con- sequence, in proportion as the peat is wet, it should be made up in lumps, and not much maslied or broken. ' In mild weather, seven cart-loads of common farm-vard dung, tolerably fresh made, is sufficient for twentyone cart loads of peat-moss ; but in cold weather, a larger proportion of dung is desirable ; at least it is prudent to omit putting any peat be- tween the two upper layers of dung, and rather thicken the outer coating with peat. It is also proper in winter, if ground with a dry bottom can be conveniently emidoyed for the purpose, to in- crease greatly the breadth of the dunghill, which, in that case may be done without any limit, by adding all round the dunghill circles, consisting of layers of dung and peat of seven ftet in breadth. And if the mass of the dunghill is thus enlarged, there is little occasion to exceeil the proportion of dung recommended for making up to prepare in the "mild i'r season; especially if a covering of coarse vegetables of any sort, such as waste hay or straw, rushes, broom, or furze, or brush wood of evergreen is thrown over the dunghill. In fact, a covering of this sort is scarce less useful in sutii- mer to prevent the escape of moisture, than in winter to exclude cold. ' To every twentyeight cart loads of the com- post when liiade up, it is of use to throw on above it a cart load of a-hes, either made from coal, peat, or wood ; or if these cannot be had, half the quantity of slacked liiTiC may be used, the more finely powdered the better. But these additions are in no vi^ise essential to the general success of the compost, jjrovided a sufficiency of time is al- lowed to the preparation to comi>ensate for the want of them. ' The dung to be used should either have been recently made, or kept fresh by compression ; as by the treading of cattle or swine, or by carts passing over it. And if there is little or no litter in it, a smaller quantity will serve, provided any spongy vegetable matter is added at the making up the compost, as fresh weeds, the rubbish of a stack- yard, potato-shaws, sawings of timber, &c. And as some sorts of dung, even when fresh, are much more advanced in decomposition than others, it is material to attend to this ; for a much less propor- tion of such dung, especially if abounding in ani- mal matter, as is less advanced, will serve for com- post, provided care is taken to keep the mass suf- ficiently open, either by a mixture of the above- mentioned substances, or, if these are wantirig, by adding the peat peace-meal, that is first mixing it up in the usual proportion of three to one of dung, and then, after a time, adding an equal quantity, more or less, of peat. The dung of this character, of greatest quantity, is shamble dung, with which, under the above precautions, six times the quan- tity of peat, or more, may be prepared. The same holds as to pigeon dung, and other fowl dung ; and to a certain extent also as to that which is col- lected from towns, and made by animals that feed on grain, refuse of distilleries, &c. ' The compost, after it is made up, gets into a general heat sooner or later, according to the weather, and the condition of the dung ; in sum- mer in ten days or sooner; in winter not perhaps for many weeks, if the cold is severe. It always, however, has been found to come on at last; and in summer it sometimes rises so high as to be mis- chievous, by consuming the materials, (fire fang- ing.) In that season a stick should be kept in it in different parts, to pull out and feel now and then ; for if it approaches to blood heat, it should either be watered or turned over; and on such an occasion, advantage may be taken to mix with it a little fresh peat. The heat subsides after a time and with great variety, according to the weather, the dung, and the perfection of the making up of the cotnpost ; which then may be allowed to re- main untouched, until within three or four weeks of using, when it should be turned over, upside down, and outside in, and all lumps broken : then it comes into a second heat, but soon cools, and it is fit to be taken out for use. In this state the whole, except bits of the old decayed wood, ap- pears a black free mass, and spreads like garden mould. Use it weight for weight, as farm yard dung ^ and it will be found in a course of crop- ping, fully to stand the comparison.' SELECT SEED CORN. Mr J. Mercer, a writer for the American Farm- er, in a communication republished in the New England Farmer, vol. v. page 187, states that he had much improved ' the genuine Tuscarora corn by never jdanting a grain that was not selected in the fields ^for four or five years past) from those stalks which produce two or more ears.' Joseph Cooper, Esq. of New Jersey, in a letter to a gen- tleman in Philadelphia, states that ' A friend sent 'me a few grains of a smaller kind of Indian corn, the grains of which were not larger than goose shot, which he informed me by a note in which they were enclosed, were originally from Guinea, and produced from eight to ten ears on a stalk. — Those grains I planted, and found the production to answer the description, but the ears small, and few of them ripe before frost. I saved some of the largest and earliest, and i>lanted it between rows of earlier kinds of corn, which produced a mixture to advantage ; then 1 saved seed from the stalks that produced the greatest number of the largest ears, and first ripe, which I planted the ensuing season, and was not a little gratified to find its production preferable both in quantity and quality to that of any corn I had ever planted.— This kind of corn I have continued planting evei since, selecting that designed for seed in the man- ner I would wish others to try, viz.^VVhen the first ears are ripe enough for seed, gather a suffi- cient quantity for early corn or replanting; am at the time you would wish your corn to be ript generally, gather a sufficient quantity for planting the next year, having particular care to take i from stalks that are large at bottom, of a regula taper, not over t»ll, the ears set low, and contain ing the greatest number of good sizeable ears o the bestquahty; let it dry speedily; and fron the corn gathered as last described, plant you main crop, and if any hills should be missing, re plant from that first gathered, which will caus the crop to ripen more regularly than is comnior which is a great benefit. The above mentioned have practised many years, and am satisfied it ha increased the quantity, and improved the qualil; of my crops beyond what any person would imag ine, who has not tried the experiments.' MOLASSES FROM SWEET APPLES. The Rev. Jared Elliot, in his '£Mni/« on fiei. Husbandry ' observed that ' A barrel of cider o sweet ap|)les when made into molasses, will b worth three pounds, abating five shillings for th making, w hen cider made of connnon apples, wi le be worth but twenty shillings, exclusive of th barrel.' How to prepure Molasses for preserving Fruits, &fi Take 8 lbs. molasses, bright New Orleans o Sugar House ; 8 lbs. pure water, 1 lb. cnarsel powdered charcoal. — Boil them together for 21 mimites, then strain the mixture through fine flan nel, double— put it again in the kettle with th white of an egg, boil it gently, till it forms a syrui of proper consistence, then strain it again. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV^ Saturday, August 21, 1830. FRUITS. Apples— Mr E. M. Richards of Dedham, pr« sented some seedling Apples, from the original tre« now standing on land of the late Mr Benoni Fail banks in that town ; they are called the Benot Apple— all of a fine red color, yellow flesh, aim Vol.IX.— No. 6. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 47 goml flavor, iiiul tlio committee consider them a Taluable sumiiicr Fruit. Pears. — Mr Alfreo Bavliks, of Taunton, cx- liibitccl some pears from a seedling tree, which was produced about 60 years ago from the seeds of the primitive pear, and is now flomishiiig in Digliton. The specimen was not a favorable one, but the connnittee judged the fruit to be well worth cul- tivating. Skinless pear (Poire sans peau, No. 7 of Co.x) were presented by Mr Ma:s.ning of .Salem, a valuable sun)uicr Fruit. .Also by the same, English Red Cheek Pears, (No. 30 Prince's Treatise) this variety is inferior to others which ripen at the same time : also — Pears from a French tree — similar to the preceding. Grapes. — .\ bunch of Black Hamburg Grapes, weighing 24 ounces, was received from Doct. Aus- tin, of Newton, — remarkably fine. Plutns. — Mr Man.ning, of Salem, presented fruit of the Italian Damask Plum. This variety is of large size, and the tree a great bearer. (Supposed by some persons to be same as Violet Reiue Claude.) Also from the same, Orleans or Red Damask Plums. Also Seedling white plums, frui: small but great bearers. Mr Pond, of Cam- bridge, exhibited Plums, tliu fruit of suckers taken from the garden of the late Henry Hill, Esq. This variety is large and good, and well deserves ultivation. Peaches. — From Mr Whitmarsh, of Brookline, were received Natur.nl Peaches, the exterior of a red and yellow color, red flesh, and good flavor. .\lso from the same person, peaches marked Royal Kensington,' a good early variety, but the lame is undoubtedly wrong. Also from the same :)erson, peaches marked ' English Swalsh.' Black .ipricots. — [No. 15 of Prince's Treatise,] roni R. Manning, — these are not worthy of culti- Yatiou. By order of the Committee. R. M. Louhat's Vineyard. — Mr liOubat, nt his extensive Vineyard near N. Y. city, has 60,000 permanent jrape Vine stocks — besides a large number of oung cuttings for sale. The fruit is now well ormed, and the enterprising proprietor has a wospect of maturing between four and five thoti- land pounds of grapes this season, the principal Dart of which is intended for the New York mar- cet. The N. Y. Daily Advertiser states that a sloop oad of whortleberries lately sold in that city for 6400. They might be carried from Cape Ann, in leason, with profit, as they do not grow near New ^ork. The Trem'ont House, in Boston, is now the most pacious and splendid Hotel in the United States. Of Medicines preparedin Distilled Spirils. — Di tush, in his ' Observations on the duties of a Phy 'ci'an,' lias the following remarks : 'Give as few medicines as possible in tinctures nade with distilled spirits. Perhaps there are few lases in which it is safe to exhibit medicines pre- lared in spirits in any other form than in drops. Hany people have been innocently seduced into I love of strong drink, from taking large or fre- [uent doc -s of bitters, infused in spirits Let not lur profession be reproached in a single instance, v'nh adding to the calamities that have been en- ailed upon mankind by this dreadful species of nteinperaiice.' To Correspondents. — VVe think it proper to slate tliat wc have received a letter from Mr Win R. Prince, (Inteil August 22, in which he alludes to a coinniuiiication containing some further remarks about the Napoleon and Pa.sse Cohnar pears, which he says was .sent us by mail the day before. No such communication has been re- cieved by us. For Sale, A valuable Farm at Lechmere Point; consisting of 30 acres — on the Craigic road, less than three miles fiom Boston. With a good two story honse and barn thereon — a tliriving young orchard and other fruit trees. For terms and other particulars, inquire of Wm. E. Payne, No. 5 Court-street. eptol Aug. 27. Strau'berry Plants — Keens' SefrfKng-, &fc. l-or sale at the Seed Store connected with the New Eno-land Farmer, .52 North Maiket-street, A superior collection of Strawberry Plants, from Mr nae"-cr3ton's Charlestown Vineyard, comprising tlie fol- lowino- sorts: — the Roseberry, Downton, Balh Scarlet, Pine Apple, Royal Scarlet, Mulberry, Wilmot's Superb, and Keens' Seedling. For a particular notice of the last majnificent variety, we beg leave to refer to the Report of Ibe Committee on Fruits, of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, June 19, 1830. ' The specimens of " Keens' Seedling," offered by Mr Has^ersfon, of the Charlestown Vinevard, exceeded anything of the kind we had ever seen. This new varie- ty, introduced '"to this country by that enterprising and skilful horticul'iTisf. fullv sustained the high character liven of it, in the English publications, and all that is said of it in the Pomolosical Magazine, where it is de- scribed as being ' verf/ large, very good, and very prolific' Taking all the properties of this justly celebrated straw- berry into consideration, it may be said to have no rival. Some of the largest of those exhibited by Mr H.iggeraton, measured over .'ij inches in circumference, and the aver- nse circumference of the sample, being about one quart, it is believed was over 4 inches. A few of them were of cocks-comb shape, but mostly round or ovate. The produce upon the stalks of a single plant, set last autumn, was exhibited at the Hall by Mr Haggerston, which, on counting, was found to consist of the astonishing number of LW ripe and green berries. The size and strength of the fruit stalks, its broad, deep green leaves, and the gen- •■r?.' healthiness and vigor of the plant, are well adapted to the support and protection of the enormous size and quantity of fruit which it yields. The committee on fruits are therefore unanimously of opinion that Mr Hag- gerston is entitled to the Society's premium for the be«t strawberries, which is accordingly awarded him ; and they further award him a premium of f -5,00 for introducing this new and most valuable variety. By order of the Committee, E. Phinnet, Chairman.' The first mentioned varieties, may be purchased at the rate of .f] per hundred; Wilmot's Superb, at $t^ per hundred; Keens' Seedling, at .fl5 per hundred, $9,.50 ner dn-^on. or 2r; cents per single plant. August 20. Bolivar Calves, Saxony Bucks, and Bremen Geese. For sale, 4 Pull Calves, sired by the celebrated iin ported improved Dur-ham shoct horned birll Holivar which stock have produced 36 quarts of milk a day. No l,dam Grey Brown, half Coelebs and half Oallowav. No 2, dam .Tnno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. .3, dam Ceres her sire Crelebs, her d.im Mr Gray's imnnrted Cow. No 4, dam Beairtv, half Ccelebs and half Galloway. The Calves are beaufiful, and their dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlino-s, and 2 I,amb=. 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shurt- Icff, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. tf. July 9. Grass Seeds. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New EnglJtnd Farmer, 52 North M irket street, A large assortment of Seeds of the various grasses cul- tivated in New England, viz: HERDS GRASS ; RED TOP ; ORCHARD GRASS; TALL MEADOW OATS GRASS; FOWL MEADOW GRASS; LUCERNE, or FRENCH CLOVER; RED CLOVER; WHITE HONEYSUCKLE CLOVER; also BUCKWHEAT, FLAX, MILLET, FIELD PEAS, and 14 varieties of the most esteemed FIELD TURNIP SEED, cultivated in Europe and .America, all w'arranted of the first quality, and at the customary market prices, Aug. 13. Strawberry Plants. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New I'^ngland Farmer, 52 North Maikct-slrect — direct fiom tiro Brighton Nursery, A large variety of Strawberry Vines, conrpr'isiug the Pine Apple, Roseberry, Bath Scarlet, Royal Scnrlit, Mul- berry, Wood, Chili, &c, at $1 per hundred. Also Wil- mot's Superb, Keens' Imperial, and Keens' Seedling, at a reasonable rate. [13= Subscribers to the New England Farmer are in- formed that they can have their volumes neatly half bound and lettered by sending them to this office. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. FROK TO APPLES, new, barrel. 2 00 3 CO ASHES, por. firs! sort, - Pearl, lir'sl sort, - ton. 115 00 120 (10 " 133 00 133 00 BEANS, ivhile, vjshcl. 90 15EEK, iness, jarrul. 10 00 in £0 Cargo, No. 1, " 8 60 9 CO Carlo, No. 2 llUTTEIi, irrspecled, No. 1, new, •' 6 51) 6 70 pound. ID 13 (;iiEESE, new milk. *' G 7 Skimmed milk, " 3 6 FLOUR, Balliniore,Howard-slreel, . jarrel. 5 50 5 -lb Gerresee, - - - << 6 25 6 62 Rye, best, " 3 50 3 76 GRAIN, Corn, .irshel. 46 55 Rvc, 65 67 Barley, " CO 65 Oats, " 40 42 HAY, cwt. CO 70 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, CWl. II 51) 12 00 HOPS, 1st quality. " 14 00 15 CO l.liMli. .... cask. 70 76 PLAI.STER PARIS rclads at Ion. 3 50 3 70 PORK, clear, aarrcl 19 ("1 2!) 50 Navy, mess, - - " n tb 12 W) Cargo, No. I, - - 12 00 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, airshel !ood.urrwashpd, '.■ 30 35 Merino, mixed with Saxony, " 60 36 IMor.rio, ihrec rourths washed. ti 42 66 Rleriird, half blood, « 38 46 Mcnuo. quarter 11 35 42 Nal'vp, washed, 35 40 Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, . It 57 I'lrhed, Lamb's, second sort, u 38 45 Pulled, " spirinirrg, first sort, " 42 PROVISION MARKET. CORr.ECTEO EVKFV WKEK BV Bt t^ HjtVWARD, ( Cce.-K of Faneuil-hai't Market.) liEEF, besi pieces, - - - I'ORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, v1';al, MU r TON I'On.THY. HUTTER.kegandlitb, - Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, live, retail, Indiarr. retail, - I'OTATOS new CIDER. faccordingloquality,] - barrel 12 14 20 12 96 *> 70 4 00 Brighton Market — Monday, Jlugusi 23. [Iteporlod for the Chronicle and Patriot.] At Market Ibis day, 471 Beef Cattle, (inc'uding GO unsold last week) unsold this day about 70; 260 Stores, 12 Cows and Calves, 3603 Sheep and 145 Swine. Prices— Beef Cattle— V mm $3,50 a $4,.50 ; a small number were taken at $4,75. Stores — Sales quite brisk, though at a low price ; more than half the number were sold. Cows and calves — Sales good ; we noticed several at .$20, 22, 25, 28. Sheep and Lambs. — From $1,33 a 1,84; we no'iced several lots taken at $1,50 a l,62i; a small number of prime wethers were taken at $4,25. Swine — Not much doing ; no sales of lots ; a few wer« taken at retail at 4i a 54 cts. 48 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. August 27, 1830 MISCEL1.AJVIES MAXIMS FOR MARRIED LADIES. Tlie following riiaxitns, if pursued, will not only luake tlie men in love with marriage, but cause them to be good husbands ; — the first is, to be good yourself. To avoid all thoushts of managing a husliaiid. Never try to deceive or impose on his understanding, nor give him uneasiness ; but treat him with affection, sincerity and respect. Remember that husbands, at best, are only men, subject likcyourselves to error and frailty. Be not too sanguine, then, before marriage, or promise yourselves happiness without alloy. Should you discover anything in his humor or behaviour not altogether what you expected or wish, pass it over, smooth your own temper, and try to niend his, by attention, cheerfulness, and good nature. Never reproach him with misfortunes, which are the accidents and infirmities of life — a burden which each has engaged to assist the other in support- ing, and to which both parties are equally exposed-^ — but instead of murmuring and reflections, divide the sorrows between you ; make the best of it, and it will be easier to both. — It is the innate office of the softer sex to soothe the troubles of the other. Kesolve every morning to be cheerful all day, and should anything occur to break your resolution, suffer it not to put you out of temper with your husband. Dispute not with him, be the occasion what it may ; but much sooner deny yourself the trifie of having your own will, or gaining the bet- ter of an argument, than risk a quarrel or create a heart-burning, which it is impossible to foresee the end of. Implicit submission in a man to his wife, is even disgraceful to both ; but implicit submission in the wife, is what she promised at the altar, what the good will revere her for, and what is, in fact, the greatest honor she can receive. Be assured a woman's power, as well as her hap- piness, has no other foundation than in her hus- band's esteem and love, which it is in her interest, by all possible means, to preserve and increase. Study, therefore, his temper, and command your own. — Enjoy with him satisfaction, share and soothe his cares, and with the utmost assiduity con- ceal his infirmities Amtr. Farmer. Marriage. — I woidd have our young ladies impressed with the idea, that their happiness and respectability does not necessarily result from mar- riage, but from the cheerful and faithful discharge of the duties before them, in whatever state or sta- tion they may be placed. — Ladies' Magazine. HINTS TO MOTHERS. Under this head the following extract is publish- ed in the Portland Courier. They are valuable and welltimed hints. Let fathers, too, profit by them ; for though less with their children than mothers, their example and carriage toward them is equally important. ' In my intercourse with mothers, I have no- ticed particularly their various methods o? family government, and the errors to which they are most liable. I believe that most of them may be traced to a want of patience. While the judicious moth- er is laudably anxious that her children should im- bibe right feelings and dispositions, she should rec- ollect that during the first five or six years of their lives, when im|)ressions are always the deep- est and most permanent, they are preparing- their little code of morals and forming their habits of action, not so much from her precepts as her example. She should therefore look well to her own conduct, and while she is endeavoring to educate them, let her beware that she neglect not herself Let her examine her own disposition, and if that is irritable and iujiiatienf, let her take heed that it does not betray itself in her intercourse with her children. With them, all should be calmness and consistency ; nothing should appear to be the result of passion or caprice. They should always be able to see that their parent has a reason for the course of conduct she jjursues. Those pa- rents, who are always complaining of the stub- bornness and ill humor of their children, may de- pend upon it the faidt lies more with themselves than they are aware, or woidd be willing to ac- knowledge. The mother is perhaps hurried and oppressed with cares of her family, and a child commits some fault, which perhaps at any other time would have only elicited a slight reprimand, but DOW she rebukes it interms entirely dispropor- tioned to the offence, and the child becomes an- gry and turbulent, for he feels as if rebuked, not for doing wrong, but for giving his mother trou- ble ; not for the offence he has committed, but for his mother's want of patience to bear with it ; and he consequently sees not his own fault, but that of his parent. For myself, I never detect a fault in a child, or have occasion to punish one, without examining myself with the most scrutini- zing severity, lest there should be something in my example to foster the fault I am so anxious to eradicate from my child.' Unseasonable and Dangerous Practices. After a long and fatiguing walk, or laborios exercise of any kind, to throw off coat or outter garment, untie cravat, expose the neck and breast, and then sit down at an open window, or door, in a current of air in the evening. To drink, after such fatigue or exposure, very cold iced water; or to take iced cream, in place of a draught of clear river water, or that which has been exposed some time to the air. To eat much of any kind of fruit, or any at all, of that which is unripe, especially in the evening ; or to suppose that the evil consequences are to be obviated by a glass of wine, or cordial, or spirits and water. To eat much animal food, or to drink liquors of any kind, under the idea of thereby removing the weakness caused by the great heat of summer. To give to infants, or children in general, any such detestable compositions as milk punch, wine or porter sangaree, or toddy. This practice ought to be an indictable offence at common law. To give infants and children any of the various quack medicines, which are recommended as cures for worms, or summer complaints, even though sold for twentyfive cents a bottle. The common causes of disease, from teething, weaning, excess or irregularity in food, extreme heat, &c, ale sufli- ciently destructive without the auxiliaries of patent and quack medicines, old women's cures, or mother's sweet gifts. To sleep exposed directly to the night air, es,f transiiiilting to you an account of my ccess in this branch of rural economy. In December last, 1 purchased of iMr BeanI ol larlestown, two hives of bees, from which I ve received six swarms, all hived v\ilhout;ny Biculty, iu B-ard's ne.w constructed Hive, il- ougli an eniiie stranger i(i the Imsiiiess — tak ii. f Thacher's Treatise (or my guide. From the first swarm, wlfuli came off" on tii it day of May, I have takeu out to the firsiol PASSE COLMAR AND NAPOLEON PEARS. Thom.as G. Fessenden, Esq. — Dear Sir — Had I supposed that there existed a possibility of difference in opinion between the enlightened writer who signs himself in your last paper ' A Farmer,' and dates his letter ' Ilo.xbury,' and myself, as to the subject matter of my com- munication relative to the ' Passe Colmar and Napoleon pears,' I should most certainly have con- sulted his opinion before venturing mine. Lut, sir, so repeated, and so forcible have been the proofs presented lo me that I deemed the matter one not to id contested or doubted. — I arrayed myself against no man's opinioi^nor intended oftencc to ".11/ one, but simply to explain an inadvertence — My position however being contested, I will now proceed to show, that if I was misled, il did not origintite leith myself, and that the assertions made vere supported by the evidence, after which it will rinain for others to decide whether I advanced ' luch confident language on a, topic'' which I < did nit understand,' and whether my 'very confident afscrtion is founded entirely and wholly in error ard in very hasty examination.'' In the spring of 1825 I received from a Boston gaitleman the first Napoleon pear (then so call- ed)— In November of 1827 I received another tne from Boston under the same name — In April, 1529, I received three trees more, and the same sping I received grafts from two different persons at Boston all these bearing the same title — In the sunnier of 1820, / saip in several gardens near Btston, trees so called and said to be engrafted lion the original, and in the spring of 1830, I re- ceded gral:s from several persons under the same uaiie. Each and all of these trees and grafts haie proved to he identically the Passe Colmar pea:, and in their transmission two persons re- ferred to the original tret as the source whence the giafis were obtained — at a number of those pe- riod^ I received from the same persons trees and grafs of the Passe Colmar (so called) and these were in no case similar to those called JVapoleon, and consequently were themselves inaccurate. This point I deem important, as it evinces that 'lie error probably originated from a transposition iif labels or sorts. It will be perceived by these remarks that one inference drawn from my communication is con- 'rary to its intent — I never meant to assert 'thai the two trees cultivated at Boston as the Napoleon and Passe Colmar pears were identical, but that the one there called ' Napoleon' was identically the Passe Colmar of correct authority, and thenco I inferred that 'all the Passe Colmar trees not identical with tlie Napoleon there so called were also wrong,' and any one who will examine tho passage will sec that I was right. — The writer to whom I am replying, in his cpiotation of the re- marks jusl referred to, accidentally omitted tho word not; which impairs the meaning. Finding my impressions that- an error existed, confirmed at each subsequent examination of the trees and grafts received during five years, and that all called Napoleon were the Passe Colmar, I still felt diftideiU as to hazarding my opinion un- confirmed by others, and evinced that I equally ap- preciated the intelligence of IJostonians with tho gentleman I am replying to, by addressing let- ters to t\vo of the most accurate pomologists in its immediate ^vicinity. To them I staled my im- pressions on the subject, and asked them to exam- ine crititally and advise if I were right — They both ful'iy confirmed my opinion. Under date of 10th of last month one of them remarks thus ' ir.y JVa^oleon came from Mr L.,* and he stil! thinks it correct, but great errors have been com- mitted somewhere ; my tree has fruit on it ; I had the Passe Colmar from Mr Parmcntier ; it is no doubt the same with the one wc call Napoleon; I thought so for some time and told W. K.* of it, but I said to myself that Mr Parmcntier had made a niistake,and Mr L. must be right ; but last year I got a r^::ii of Mr J. B. Russell, of the Napoleon, which ;s unlike Mr L.'s, and this spring i got the Passe Colmar Epineux from B. & W.,* which agrees with Mr L.'s Napoleon and Parmentier'.s Passe Colmar, and I think with the Pomological Magazine. Mr L.'s Vasse Colmar is very different, and resembles in leaf the pear seiit by you as d'Aremberg — The Marie Louise exhibited at the Hall last autumn was diflcrent from the figm-e in the Pomological Magazine, No. 122. — I should say your Naiioleon is wrong and you are right.' — So much for this. The other gentleman writes as follows [under date of 8th of last month, ' The Napoleon 1 sent you is the identical same I re- ceived from Mr L. * I mentioned to you once that being there last summer, and on his pointing out the original tree, I stood some time looking at it; the tree is very peculiar, Ac has 7ioliced this; the woo in the world.' CONNECTICUT RIVER PLUMS. Mr J. B. Russell — Dear Sir — I take the liberty of sending you at w few samples of PZi(?ns from various gardens in this to^vn. They are not sent with the expects- lioii of competing successfiilly with eminent hor- ticulturists in the vicinity of Boston, but to en- deavor to convince you, that although the science here is yet in its infancy, some little attention is" paid to it. We think our soil and situation re- markably favorable for the production of fruits- generally, and you need not be disappointed if in a few years you should see samples from the banks of -the Connecticut that will be far from inferior. The upper sample in the box which is not pack- ed IS from my own gardens, and the othera ar« from the gardens of Henry Dwight, Esq., and other gentlemen, whose names are on the jiapers spread over them. These are not selected from the trees (whjch were very heavily laden with ilia fruit,) but were taken promiscously. The varia- gated Plum, from Maj. E. Edwards, was from a seed (or scion, I am not certain which) and was brought from the city of Amsterdam to Whites- borough in the state of New York a few yeat» since; and I do not know the proper name for it. We call it the Lombard Plum, from the circum- stance of Mr Lombard of this town having brought it from Whitcsborough. Yours very respectfully, Springfield, Aug. 26. CHARLES STEARNS. , P. S. I received the cherry and pear bud«i that Gen. Dearborj) was so kind as to forv^ard through you, but the buds were so much wilted that I fear they will not live; they are however all inserted. The truth is, there cannot be any profitable communication between your city and the Connecticut River until the Rail Road is built, (vliich wc all trust will take place sooner or later. 05^The box containing the above Plums reach- td us with the fruit generally in good order. The plums, which were of several of the finest varie- ties, exceeded anything of the sort we have seei in Dur market, this season. Some of thciu mens- ired 6 inches in circumference. Officers of the Salem Society for the Detection and Piosecvtiov of Trespassers of Orchards, Sfc. E, ■^lersy Derby, President ; Daniel Sage, Vice Presu lent; Samuel Webb, TVeoiwrer; Eben Hathome, Hetretary ; Robert MaiMMDg, fie^ianain Balch, ' tbilip Cbasc, Dirttt»r>. Vol. IX. — No. 7. AND irORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 51 From llie Pawtucket Chronicle. POISONOUS CHEESE. Mr Pri.vter — liaviiii; seen in one of tlio Bos- ton p;iper3 an niticlc Imiuled • poisoning witli cheese,' I send you the fi)l!ovving : That some checso po-si"ssos einrtic properties, here is no cloiiht. Mure than twenty years a^o I vva* professionally called to a respcciable farmer's family in the county of Bristol; soon after my nr- ival the gentleman informed me that he had sent heese to market which hud made many persons romit, and as he was identified, public suspicion ather rested on him. This opinion I found was fixed, — that some unfriendly liaud had conveyeil Emetic Tartar to the milk prior to its hein^ chang- d to curd. In a sliort time I called on him again, nd at his reque?t we walked to the cow-pasture, or the purpose of viewing the cows. As soon as entered the field, I saw Lobelia iriflata, (Indian obacco) in great abundance. I was very carefwl n my examination of it, t!ie grass being very hick set and high, nearly equal to common movv- ng lands. I opened it in many places for the urpose of detecting the lobelia, which I found in secluded situation among the grass. Where he cows had eaten the grass, the emetic weed ad been apparefttly avoided by thi-ni, but I ob- erved numerous plants partly bitten oft", and otli- rsremived nearly to the ground. It appeared hat the cows must liave eaten much of the lo- elia where the grass was thickest. After .1 care- investigation, I iNfi>rined the gentleman, that ndian tobacco was the cause of the emetic effects if his cheese. I pointed out tlie plant, infirmed im that I prescribcted for The present season will ])rove by actual re- ilts, of which it is expected the public will be enai)led to judge, that silk may be rendered a new and lucrative staple for this coimtry, hardiv seconrogress through all their changing forms. ' The cultivation of trees is a subject to which,! think, I may with great propriety invite your at- tention. Not only would I recommend to every farmer, an orchard of choice fruit, well fenced, and well pruned, hut a thrifty wopd lot, in which no grazing animal should leed, and from which fuel and timber should be cut with care. We ought to live not only for ourselves, hut fop our children, and for posterity. Situated in a region where much fuel is absolutely necessary to a com- fortable existence, where coal mines arc not to be found, and where the demand for hunber is in- creasing with the wealth and population of the country, our forests already thinned or made bare, — there is great reason to apprehend that in the next and succeeding generations, the scarcity of fuel and lumber will diminish your population — that the expenses will absorb a great portion of the income of your fertile and well cultivated farms, and your splendid villages and temples fall to decay. The time seems to have arrived when, instead of enlarging our fields, we must better improve them ; instead of making strip and waste in our woodlands, we must cut sparingly ; instead of feeding or cutting down the underwood and shoots, we must carefully preserve them. Great- er economy must be adopted in cooking our food and warming our houses. The ail-devouring chimnies of our ancestors must give place to the stove and the furnace. Our houses must be made a better defence against the cold, and their ma- terials must be taken from the earth rather than the forest. ' ThcrQ is one species of trees entitled to your particular regard. It is the sugar maple. This, flourishing on almost any soil, yields to none in cleanliness and beauty, is excellent for fuel, and furnishes sugar little inferior to that of cane. One hundred of these extended on the margin of your fields, or set in the form of an orchard, would af- ford an ample supply of sugar and molasses for half a century or more, and when they began to decay, reward you with fifty or an himdred cords of the best fire-wood. The expense of trans- planting them will be but trifling, their injmy to the land, if any, inconsiderable, and a few years will give to them great beauty and value. 'The value of the locust and of the mulberry deserve particular notice, but they are believed to bo duly ai)preciated by your Society. ' In the management of your various animals, having selected the best bloods, you have onlv to provide for them warm, dry, and commodious shelters, and deal out to them sweet and whole- some fodder, and pure, clean water. Neatness and cleanliness in this department will contribute much to the health, growth, and corpulency of your stock. A slattern in the house is not more disgusting and unprofitable, than a sloven ii. the barn. In the treatment of those patient and do- cile animals which perform your labor, let me crave your mercy. Neither suffer them to moan with hunger or thirst, nor to be loaded or driven beyond their strength. A mild and generous usage will secure their attachment, excite their courage and resolution, and dispose them to volunteer their most vigorous efforts in your service. Your interest, as well as the dictates of humanity, re- quire that you abstain from all cruelty and abuse, and that your dominion over them be tempered with lenity and kindness. 'To carry into.effect the objects of your asso- ciation, and give to your occupation nil the im- provements of which it is susceptible, will require the unremitted energies of your mind, as well as much vigorous bodily effort. Agrieultmo, like all arts and sciences, is progressive, and must never u be suffereil to rest, or retrograde. Your observa- tions must be mad'e with accuracy, and your re- searches pursued with ardor. Placed in a coun- try containing a great variety of soil, in a climate nild and healthful, uniler a government, which •an impose no burdens on you without your con- sent, owners of the land you occupy, furnished with iheniost approved implements, and having lor your guide the experience of former ages, and the means of making new experimems under the most favorable circumstances, it would be strange, " passing strange," if you made no advances. I have said, that heretofore the sciences held no fellowship with agriculture. A better day has be- gun to dawn upon that long neglected occupatiotr. Men of genius and learning liave devoted their talents to ligliten the burdens of the laborer, and give success to his efforts. As the |)owers of na- ture begin to be developed, and its laws are better understood, difliiculties diminish and experiments succeed. The sciences have already done much to aid your cause, and may be expected to do still more. A new era has commenced, in no longer confining science to the cell of the monk, and the chatnber of the philosopher, but in communica- ting it to the world at large, and applying it to use- ful and practical purposes. The discoveries of the geologist, and the experiments of the chemist are spread before you, through the agency of the press. Much mutual benefit may also be expected frotn your Society and similar associations. They emphatically mark the spirit of the age, as distinct from that of any former period. Other nations have had their festivals and their fairs. The Olympic games of Greece, and the gladiatorial ex- hibitions of Rome characterize the age and ruliui; passion of each of those great empires, which in succession gave law to the world. But when, < - where has public attention been excited and di- rected to the interest of agriculture and the me- chanic arts ? When have men of wealth, and science, and influence, taken such a deep interest in the welfare of the laboring i)artof the commu- nity? When was information upon these sub- jects so widely diffused and so eagerly sought ? These signs of the times indicate that a better state of things is to be expected — that causes are in operation which, if continued, will effect a mighty revolution. The united efforts of the great mass of intelligence cannot be fiuitless. l?y repeated experiments and careful observation?, from year to year, something will be gained Whatever discoveries or improvements are made by one, will become the property of all, and never be lost. ' Agriculture and manufactures are not insuhi- ted interests. They are intimately connected with other arts and occupations, with the sciences, and the laws and policy of our own country arul of foreign nations. The prosperity of the agri- culturist depends not increlj' upon the quantity and quality of his produce, hut upon the readines.s, certainty, facility, and advantage with which he can vend the surplus, or exchange it for such ar- ticles as he may need. The same doctrine is true in its application to the manufacturer. It is in vain that he produces the best wares, imlpss tlu-y can find a market; and the easier and cheaper they can be conveyed, the greater will be his profit. Whatever, therefore, tends to furnish a sure anil stendy market, or to diminish the cxpcn- scs.and risk of transportation, or to reduce the price of crticlee to b« received in excha«ge, is to Vol. IX.— No. AND HOIITICULTUIIAL JOURNAL. 5S e 'urineraiul maiiuracturcr a direct ami positive fciiefil. Ill tlii-s view tlie construrtion of rail ■ )ads and canals tlii-ough an extensive inland ' lunlcy, and improvinj; llic luivi^ation of rivers, f leniii:; a free trade with siicli nations as will pnr- laso our produce and inaniifactnres,- or in ex- langp, supply us with such articles as we may ant, prohibiting or iiiiposins duties on such iiu- srtations as conic in direct competition with thp rodiicc of our farms and the wares of our work- lops, — are subjects io which the interest of the rmer and the mechanic are deeply involved. A •gard to your interest, therefore, recpiires that 5iir views be extended beyond the cultivation of ic soil and the increase of your flocks. Your jicc must be licard, anlniar's Washington. By A. D. Wil- liams, of Roxbury, Plums of fine appearance, name unknown. There were several other varie- ties of Plums exhibited by various persons, of handsome appearance. Pears. — By A. Brimmer, Esq. of Boston, fruit of two varieties Irom France, names unknown — one of "Which was in good eating and a fine [lear — the other of beautiful appearance, but not yet ripe ; both represented as great bearers. By Mr R. TooHET, of Waltham, fiuit of the Ileaihcot pear in a green state. By Mr Manm.ng, fruit of I he Beurre d'Aremherg, in a green state. By Mr lluRD, of Charlestown, fruit of the Summer Good Christian, or Sugar Pear, (Co.x, No. 18.) By T. WuiTMARSH, eis of the Society, and others, at 2,50 each, can be had of J. B. Russell, at the oiBce the New England Farmer, and of James Bergen, at e olficc of Z. Cook, Jr, Congress-street, Boston; of ri.ARLEs L.awke.vce, Salem— A. & H. A. Breed, & Lynn — John I.emist, Roxbury — T. J. Goodwin, larlestown, and of either of the Committee of Arrauge- ANNIVERSARY of THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The Committee on Fruits, &c. of Ihe Massachusetts )rticuitural Society respectfully invite all members of ; Society, and others, who may wish to promote its ob- ts, to furnish for the approaching festival of the Society, •h fruits as may be deemed worthy the occasion ; as ipes, plums, peaches, pears, apples, melons, &c. ; es- cially all such as may be considered new, or rare, or rtieularly tine. This, besides adding to the interest and asurcs of the festival, may serve to make known new d valuable varieties of fruits, which often remain for ,ny years entirely unknown, except in the immediate ighbophood where they are raised. They can be sent the E.xchange Coffee House, on Thursday afternoon, nbeforc 8 o'clock on Friday morning, where some of the nmittee will be in readiness for their reception and ex- dnation. Any fruits sent from New York, by the Steam at line, directed as above, would probably reach Boston good order, if properly packed. Gentlemen are le- ested to label all fruits with the name of the donor. Per Order, E. PHINNEY, Chairman. The Standing Committee of the Ma-ssachiisetts Horti- Itural Society, on ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Flowers, . request that members of the Society, and others fa- ably disposed, should forward to the Society's Hall, or the Exchange Coffee House, such ornamental plants, mgc and lemon trees, bouquet-) of beaulirul flowers, toons and wreaths, as will tend to the floral decoration the dining hall. Care will be taken of such plants as nay be desirable to have returned. Per Order, R. L. EM.MONS, Chairman. For Sale, \ valuable Farm at Lechmore Point ; consisting of 30 es — on the Craigie road, less than three miles from ston. With a good two story house and barn thereon — ariving young orchard and other fruit trees, 'f'or terms and other particulars, inquire of Wm. E. [ync, No. 5 Court-street. eptol Aug. 27. Straifbern/ Plants. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street — direct from the Brighton Nur.sory, A large variety of Strawberry Vines, comprising the Pme .-Vjiple, Roseberiy, Bath Scarlet, Royal Scarl(t,"Mul- berry. Wood, Chili, &c, at $1 per hundred. Also Wil- mot's Superb, Keens' Imperial, and Keens' Seedling, at a reasonable rate. Strawberry Plants — Keens' Seedling, Ifc. I'or sale at Ihe Seed Store connected with the Now England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A superior collection of Strawberry Plants, from Mr Haggerston's Charlestown Viney.ird, comprising the fol- lowing sorts: — the Roseberry, Downton, Bath Scarlet, Pine Apple, Royal Scarlet, Mulberry, Wilmot's Superb, and Keens' Seedling. For a particular notice of the last mignilicent variety, we beg leave to refer to the Report of the Committee on Fruits, of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, June 19, 1830. ' The specimens of " Keens' Seedling," offered by Mr Ilaggerston, of the Charlestown Vineyard, exceeded anything of the kind we had ever seen. This new varie- ty, introduced into this country by that enterprising and skilful horticulturist, fully sustained the high character given of it, in the Engli-h publications, and all that is said of it in the Pomological Magazine, where it is de- scribed as being * veri/ large, vf^y good, and very protijjc.* Taking all Ihe properties of this justly celebrated straw- berry into consideration, it may be said to have no rival. Some of Ihe largest of those exhibited by Mr Haggerston, measured over 5i inches in circumference, and the aver- age ciiTumfeience of the sample, being about one quart, it is believed was over 4 inches. A few of them were of cocks-comb shape, but mostly round or ovate. The produce upon Ihe stalks of a single plant, set last autumn, was exhibited at the Hall by Mr Haggerston, which, on counting, was found to consist of the astonishing number ol ITiT ripe and green berries. The size and strength of the fruit sfilks, its broad, deep green leaves, and Ihe gen- eral healthiness and vigor of the plant, ai'e well adapted to the support and protection of the enormous size and quantity of fruit which it yields. The committee on fruits arc therefore unanimously of opinion that Mr Hag- gei'ston is entitled to the Society's premium for the best strawbenies, which is accordingly awarded him ; and lltey further award him a premium of $5,00 for introducing this new and most valuable variety. By Older of the Committee, E. Phi.nnei', Chairmen.' The first mentioned varieties, m.a}' be purchased at the rate of $1 per hundred ; Wilmofs Superb, at $5 per hundred; Keens' Seedling, at $15 per hundred, $2,50 per dozen, or 25 cents per single plant. August 20. For Sale, The well known FARM in Dover, occupied for the last fourteen years by the subscriber, containing about 200 acres, well located in a square, bounded on the south by Cochecho river, and on the east by Fresh ci'eek, on which is a tide mill, with an apparatus for pounding atrd grinding plaster. The Buildings consist of a large two story Brick House, of4G feet by 38, with awing of 20 by 16, all well finished, adjoined to which is a shed 31 feet by 14, con- necting the cider house 27 by 37, two stories, with one plastered room, where all the spinning and weaving is rione for the family ; two Barns, one of which is 100 feet by 42, with two wings of about 40 feet each, one employ- ed as a stable, the other for a shecpfold, with a good yard well walled in ; the other is a Store Barn of 45 feet square, of 16 feet post, and will contain GO tons of hay ; a pig- gery of 50 feet by 30, with a cellar of IS feet sqiiare un- der it, with boilers set to make soap, brew, and cook for swine. The fields are divided by permanent stone walls, and consist of one of 40 acres in front of the house, one of 17 on the East, one of 10 acres on the North, (princi- pally orchard,) one of 15 Northeast, and one of 30 acres West of the house, with three pastures of 20 to 25 acres each. The Farm has been gradually improving for the last ten years, and the two last has cut each year one hun- dred tons of hay, and 20 to 23 tons of thatch. It is one and a half miles from the village of Dover, which affords a good market. There has been planted some hundreds of Fruit Trees, principally Apple, many of which are grafted— with Pears, Cherry, Plum, Peach and Quince trees, and many in bearing, with a small nursery. The terms of sale may be known by applying to Major Andrew Pierce, of Dover, Mr Samuel Lord, of Portsmouth, or the subscriber on the premises. June 11. WILLIAM FLAGG. Saton Shiep. On Thursday the 2rd day of September, at Hartford, (to cl(i!--c a concern) will be sold by Public Auction, an entire Hock of Biipeiior full blooded Sason Sheep, bred with care f. orn the best stock imported by MesBrs. George Si. ThoB. Searlc in IU^5 and '^f> ; consisiing of 14 Kunis, 30 Kwca, 11 Rain Limbs, and 10 Ewe Lambs. Also, th; wc'l known full b.noded Durham Improved Short Horned Bull Wve CojitT, unquestionably the brst liull in America. W. WOOUBKIDGR, August 50, 1330. HENRY WATSON. H'anls a Place, A middle aged man as a gardener. Inquire at the Farmer Office. 3t Sept. 2. JVcic Work on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Fanner Office, No. 52 North Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or. Farriery taught on a new and easy plan : being a treatise on all the diseases anrt3 for promoting the culture of silk in this seers. The women are ignorant, being taken ntry than they are in strict justice entitle e first impulse to this important branch of ag- Iture, was given by the House of Representa- !8 of the United States, in the year 1826. ce which time Mulberry trees have been plant- and silk worms raised in various quantities ia different parts of our Union ; but no means from the very lowest class of the people : no consid- eration can induce them to leave their native vil- lages, much less to cross the seas; the overseers are few, and generally men of an advanced age and have families — They are well compensated for their labor, and have no temptations to emi- grate. The great desideratum, therefore, in the United States, is to learn the art of reeling silk for man- ufacturing those stuflTs with which our female.s are almost universally clothed, and not only to learn it, but to disseminate it through the whole coun- try, as it has been ascertained that the cost of transporting cocoons from one part of the Uniou to the other, would render them valueless to the grower, unless filatures were established in his im- mediate neighborliood, or at some reasonable distance. A fortunate chance in the course of last sum.. mer, brought Mr D'llomcrgue to this country, a young man 25 years of age [now 26] well skill- ed in the art of reeling silk from the cocoons and in other branches of the silk manufacture. His work, which no doubt you have seen entitled ' Essays on American Silk,' made him generally known, and Congress took so much notice of it, as to refer it to their committees on agriculture. The committee of the House of Representatives, perceiving the importance of keeping this young man in the country, reported a bill to the House the object of which was to employ him in teach- ing the art of reeling silk to 60 young men, to be selected from the different States of the Union in certain jiroportions, who, when sufficiently in- structed, might establish themselves as directors of filatures in their respective neighborhoods, and employ women to perform the mechanical work under their discretion. Thus the art of preparing silk would be introduced in its perfections, equally and uniform";' t,'r'o,.gh our extensive country, and the results might be easily anticipated. This bill, however, in consequence of the pres- sure of other business, could not be taken up at the last session, and lies over till the next, when the fortunes of this country, as far as they depend upon silk, will either be effeetually secured or put back for a period, the duration of which cannot be foreseen. Determined, however, as far as depended upon me, to keep Mr D'Homergue in this country, at least until the next session of the national legisW tnre, I have resolved to employ him during the present season in making experiments on Ameri- can silk, whereby the nation ujight be still more ful- ly convinced of the importance of the art he pro- fesses. For this purpose 1 'have purchased co- coons, and established an experimental filature in this city, in which ten reels are at work. My object is to test the price which our raw silks will produce in the markets of England, France, and Mexico, into which countries large quantities of the article are annually imported, as they have, silk manufactures and do not raise silk worms, but import that material from abroad at a consid- erable expense. I exjiect no profit from this un- dertaking ; as far as I can judge, on the contrary, there will be a not inconsiderable loss ; but it is not profit that I have in view. Experience in everything must be purchased. I have fixed a sum, which I am willing to lose, and which i shall not regret, if the country is to be benefit^-, ed by it. The silk that my filature has hither- to produced, is of the mo.st beautiful kind, and is at least equal, if not superior to any in the world, 1 would wis}! to try the quality of the silk co^ 58 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 10,1830. coons' raised by silk worms on the leaves of the wild or red American mulberry, but I have not been tible to procure a sufficient quantity lor that purpose. In general, 1 have found it difficult to obtain cocoons ; because their vaUie is not yet fixed, and the profit tu be made by the sale of them not suffi<'iently ascertained. Therefore I sliall not be able to carry my experiments to the extent I had at first contemplated. But this dif- ficulty will vanish in the course of another year. A great impulse has been given, and I have no doubt that more cocoons will be raised next sum- mer than will be wanted for any object that this country will be able to compass. In the recess of my filatures, occasioned by a temporary deficiency of cocoons, desirous of doing everything in my power to show what miglit be done with American silk, I have pre- vailed on fllr D'Homergue, out of the silk that he has reeled and prepared, to weave the flag of tlie United States, and he is now engaged in the work, which is expected to be finished in about a fort- night. The warp is already fixed upon the loom, the silk is dyed, and next week the weaving of the webb will begin. The flag will be twelve feet long by six feet wide, and so fine will be the texture of the stuff, that it is expected that it will not weigh more than twenty ounces. This flag is intended to be presented to the House of Rep- resentatives of the United States, as a beautiful specimen of the first result of real value, wliich the impulse which they have given has produced. It will show that tire finest of silk stuffs may be made in this country. It has not been an easy task to produce this re- sult. Evei-ything, even the loom, has had to be made new and for that only purpose. The ma- chine, too, occasioned much difficulty — there are implements necessary for weaving silk, difterent from those employed in weaving other substances. Despairing of obtaining them in this country, I bad written to France for them, and they are not yet arrived. When I least expected it, fortune threw in my way a young emigrant from Europe, who has made these tools in the highest perfec- tiqn. The dying also embarrassed me. It was generally understood that the beautiful colors of the French silks could not be imitated here. What was my delight when I discovered two other emigrants, a Frenchman and German, just set up in the dying business, and who have dyed our silk with the tuost brilliant red and blue, (the colors of our flag) so that nothing can surpass that beautifid coloring ! I have also discovered that we have in this country, from England, France, Germany and other places, pianufacturers of silk of almost every description. We have silk throwsters, silk dyers, silk weavers, silk manufacturers, all but good recl- ers, without which the labor of the others must be at a stand. These then are all waiting for em- ployment, some of them being in very poor cir- cumstances. All we want is the art of reeling, and everything else will follow. As to mulberry trees and silk worms, let but a good price be given for the cocoons, and they will be produced in quantities as if by magic. Evenjlldng, as the silk broker says, depends upon good reeling. Having spoken of silk throwsters, I ought to say that the operation of throwsting will be the only one that our flag will not receive. Throwst- ing consists in uniting and twisting together by means of machinery, several threads of silk, so as to give them the required r.ize and strength, " throwsting mill, as it is called, is a very costly article, and cannot be had in this city. — Mr D'Ho- mergue asserts that no other but American silk (such is its nerve and strength) could be wove with- out undergoing that operation. What succedaneum he will emj)loy for it I do not know ; but I think I may safely say, that tb.e flag will be as beauti- ful a web of silk as can be produced anywhere. As I havethnuglit. Sir, that it would be agreeable to you to know the progress that we are making in this City in the important business of Ameri-> can silk, I have taken the liberty of extending this letter to its present enormous length, for which I shall make only theconimon apology, that ' I could not make it shorter.' As in your article in the New England Farmer, you have noticed citizens of different states who have exerted themselves in the cause of Ameri- can silk, I have been not a little astonished that you have left out the men of New England, and (larticularly William H. Vernon, Esq. of Newiwrt, R. I. and Jonathan H. Cobb, Esq. of Dodhair, in your own state. I ho|)c the proverb does not lold with you, that, no man is a prophet ' in his own country ;' at any rate, it will not be unbecoiring in a Pennsylvanian to give due credit to the merito- rious efforts of those two sons of the renowied pilgrims. 1 am with great respect, dear sir. Your most ob't, humble servant, PETER S. DU PONCEAU. PROFITABLENESS OF BEES. Ma Fessenden — Noticing the account in the last New England Farmer of the produce of ftir D'Wolf's Bees in Bristol, (R. I.) I am induced to offer you the following statement of the prodjce of three hives, on the farm of Mr Parker at Charlestown Neck, — the Bees were under my care a part of the summer. The three hives of Bees in question produced six swarms^ from two of which, placed in Beard's Patent Hives, was produced 40 lbs. of pure honey, besides leaving enough in those hives for winter- ing the Bees — the 40 lbs. of honey were sold at wholesale at 25 cts per lb. producing $10,00 — and leaving the whole stock of nine swarms on hand ; (seven of which, unfortunately are in the common old fashioned hives which can give no return of honey this year, excepting the usual supply for breeders another season.) The above nine swarms will now sell readily at an average of §8,00 each, producing $72,00, which, with $10,00 for the honey, is equal to $82,00 — the produce of the three original hives of Bees, in one season. EBENEZER BEARD. Charlestown, Mass, Sept. 7, 1830. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. HONEY AND SILK. Mr Fessenden — Having little to do, I wander for my amusement on foot or otherwise, as occa- sion or circumstances happen. In August, being on an excursion, I stopped at the house of a farmer, and entered into conversa- tion with him. He took me to his Bees. He had in the spring, he said, one hive only. There were now five I This diligent swarm had sent out four colonies. The season, he said, had been favorable, and the hives were weighty. Here was little expense and a good encouragement to farmers, thought I, as I passed along. I entered into conversation with the next I met and was invited to walk in and look at his silk worms ; (for our country folk are a social people 1 found the worms were winding themselves U| (or spinning.) There were many of them at work and but little attendance. I was shown a vast many cocoons of the last year, and some easy modes of management, such as placing the legt of the table in vessels of water to prevent the ants troubling them, &c. As I left my very observing friend, I thought again ' here was but little expense and good en couragcment to the farmer.' 27ie hand of industry, thought I, maketh rich But as your paper is valuable, I shall defer othei incidents of my excursion and wait to see how our country folk look in print. Yours, &c, A WANDERER THE GREAT CORNFIELD. Mr Printer — Having heard a great deal sale concerning the great cornfield on Turkey Bog, I resolved to visit it in person. I there foinid 2( acres of good corn growing, and promising ai abimdant harvest to its enterprising cidtivators This bog is extensive, and we may expect to se( in a few years, instead of twenty, himdreds o acres growing on this bog, which, muil recently has yielded nothing but alders. But few mead- ows can compare with this in richness of soil oi extent of territory. I hope this experiment wil serve to turn the attention of our farmers to thei bogs and meadows, as I believe they may bf made the most productive parts of a farm when they exist. — If our farmers would make a practi cal use of the hint contained in the toast of Hon Roger Vose, delivered at a celebration of thi Cheshire Agricultural Society, a few years since viz. ' May there he more draining of sivamps, ani less draining of the hotlle,' we should hear ver; little about hard times and a scarcity of money t pay taxes, or to pay for the newspaper. W. Concord, .dug. 27, 1830. Progress of the Silk Culture. — An incident oc cured in our office a day or two since, which w wish all the people of the United States couli have witnessed. It was the exhibition of a spec! men of American silk. Mr Rapp, the reppectabli head of the society at Economy, in Pennsylvania paid us a visit, wearing a most beautiful figurei black silk vest, and black silk handkerchief, thi material of which was made, from the worm t( the loom, by his society. In a conversation witl him he remarked, (what he had stated before in I letter to the Editor, published in a late numbft | ' of the Farmer,) that they found no difficulty ii " ' any branch of the silk culture ; that it was iic more difficult than raising wheat, and much le; laborious; and that he had little doubt that wi ^ should export silk in ten years. We feel assured that no person who saw the vest and handkerchief and heard Mr Rapp's remarks upon the subject could have harbored a doubt for another nioinen of the practicabihrj' of cultivating silk, as a stapk in the United States. We shall, probably, shortly have a specimen of this silk in the office, and shal gratify our own feelings by exhibiting it to all who may find it convenient to call Americm Farmer. One of a quantity of apples lately sold it Portland, by Capt. J. Hutchings, of Pownal, mca^ ured 13i inches round. k Vol.lX. — No.S. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 59 CULTURE OF SILK. ' A visit ycslerilay. to J. H. Col)b, Esq. of Dcil- lani, allbrdeil us much pleasure, as it enalilcd us ) witness tlie ir.>grcss ho hail made in tlio cul- ur.c i)f silk ami in the nice ])roc(,'ss of reeling ''• He lias on hand a large (nianlity of the Silk worm's eggs, as well of the silk cocoons. The iroccss of reeling was performed on a machine mproved by Mr Cobb, in a satisfactory manner. We advise our agriculturists to call on Mr Cobb, nd obtain the information to enable them to com- nencc the culture of silk, which we believe is leslined ere long to become an im|)ortant branch )f New-England husbandry. The first thing to )C done is to plant the white Rlulberry trees, in ufficient numbers to supply food for the silk ornis. After this has been done the rest of the rocess is easy and within tire means of every aniily. The work can all be done by females. Id men and children, who arc uiiHt for the severe ibors of husbandry. Considerable attention is ow given to this subject in New-Hampshire and 3 the vicinity of Philadelphia. One town in onnecticut produces, annually, silk to the amount f 825,000. The climate of the United States peculiarly adapted to its culture, so much so, as J g'lvs superiority to the American unmanufac- Jred article. It is not rash therefore to predict, lat the |)roduction of silk may yet become one f the great employments of American industry nd a new source of national wealih. It is well orth the attention of every intelligent agricul- irist. — Boston Patriot. Bog Meadow. — Hon. James Fowler of West- Id, in the spring of 182S, covered over 108 rods Bog Meadow land with loam from adjoining idand. The loam was spread about 6 inches ep. The land was then sowed with herds •ass seed, and the first year produced little but eeds. — This year, however, it produced at the ae of -5 tons 780lbs. of best hay per acre, and ifore the putting on the loam the yield was not ore than a ton per acre, and that of an inferior ality. The expense of covering the land was jout 20 dollars per acre. Horticultural. — We have this year cultivated a iw kind of bean, the seed of which we procur- at Nantucket, which, for cooking pods, is cer- inly the ne plus ultra of excellence. We do it call it a string bean, because the pod is en- lely stringkss, even when the beans are full own, and are so tender that they require but out half as much boiling as the common string an. For richness they as much exceed other ing beans as the Lima bean does the ordinary ids of shell beans. We consider them a valu- le acquisition. They are an early pole bean, not run very high, and are quite jjrolific. We nted twentyfive beans of this kind, from the oduct of which we have had several good mes- for our family, and shall have some seed to ire, which we intend shall be judiciously dis- t)uted. — Mass. Spy. The aJomnint/e Tariff fotmd Castor Oil selli at $10 a gallon in 181G, and has had the effect of conqielling the consumer to pay .*!1 2.5 a gallon. This is one article of hundreds o|)crated ujion in the same manner. The domestic article being fresh and of a better quality. — Warrenlon,J\!'.C.Gaz. A convention of delegates from the volunteers and militia of Ne%v Jersey, was proposed to ho belli in Trenton or New Brunswick, in the month of August, for the purpose of devising a more efficient military system. Doctor Absalom Thomson, of Talbot co. Md. has communicated to the Easton papers, the case of a boy ten or eleven years old, who became deli rions and died in convulsions from eating water, melon seed. American oaks and birch, ])articularly some species, are represented as succeeding in France better than those indigenous to that countiy. There is a second severe drought near Rich- mond, Va. Joseph Rawson, of Victor, N. Y. recently exhi- bited a bull in Canandaigua of two years old, which weighed 1700 lbs. The Quarterly Review says that the people of Encrland have, in the last year, consumed one half more of candles, soap, stiarch, bricks, sugar, brandy, and one third more of tea, than they did only twelve years ago. Capt. Cofiin has given us the memorandum of an extraordinary production raised on the Rock Farm, this year, viz. a drumhead Cabbage w-eigh- ing 18J lbs., and measuring, after the outside leaves were removed, 43 inches in circumference ! [This must have been of the bass-drum species.] — JS''ewhuryport Herald. Essex Agncultural Society. — The annual Exhi- bition of the Society will be at Andover, (North Parish,) on Thursday, 30th Sept. inst., at which time the annual Address will be delivered by Col. James DuiVCan, of Haverhill. Much may reasonably be anticipated from this gentleman. Observation and experience daily confirm the truth of Dr Johnson's remark : ' You cannot teach a woman toomuch Arithmetic,' and yet there is no branch of female education so much neglected. — You can scarcely find one in a hundred, if she should be left a widow, who conceives herself ca- pable, and who is actually capable, of su|)erin- tending the settlement of her husband's affairs, and especially if he were largely engaged in busi- ness. A more helpless object cannot well be con- ceived, than an amiable female suddenly placed in this situation ; and although such objects are daily presented to our view there has been but lit- tle effort to remedy the evil. Premium Children. — .■^t an exhibition a year or o since under the direction of the Agricultural ciety at Schoharie, N. Y. a woman jjresented •ee infant daughters that she had at one birth, ere was no premium established, but a number bachelors presented her with $5 "each, making a handsome purse. The greatest beauty in female dress is that which is the most simi)le, and at the same time gracefully adapted to exhibit the natural beauty of tie female form. This simplicity should be observ- ed, even in color ; a profusion of tawdry and glar- ing colors bespeaks a tasteless and vulgar mind, even if the wearer were a Dutchess. Color should always be adapted to complexion. Ladies \ with delicate rosy complexions, bear white and light blue better than dark colors , while on the contrary, sallow hues of complexion will not bear these colors near them, and imperatively re- qu'riihirk quiet colors to give them beauty: yellow is the most trying and dangerous of all, and can o:ily be worn by the rich-toned healthy looking brunette. — Dublin Literary Gaz. How to avoid Dysentery. — Rules which the cel- ebrated Dr Rush recommends for the prevention of this disease : He advises that spices, and par- ticularly Cayenne jiepper, and the red peppers of our own country, should be taken with our daily food. Mr Dewer, a British surgeon, informs us, that the French, while in Egypt, frequently es- caped the diseases of the country by carrying pepper with them to eat with the fruits of tlie land. Purging physic should also occasionally be taken, as any medicine of a laxative nature by preventing costiveness, will act as a preservative from this disease. A militia Caiiiain in the year 1778, while stationed at Amboy, jireserved his whole company from the dysentery which pre- vailed in the army, by giving each of them a purge of sea-salt ; and some years afterwards saved his family and many of his neighbors from the same disease, by distributing among them a few pounds of purging salts. This disease was also prevented in an Academy at Bordentown, N. J. by giving molasses very plentifully to all the scholars ; which had the effect of keeping their bowels in a laxative state. , Another rule to be observed is to avoid expo- sure to the dampness of the night air; and when necessarily exposed, the bowels shoulil be more carefully protected than other parts of the body. The Egyptians, Mr Dewer, tells us, for this pur- pose, tie a helt abovn their bowels, and with the happiest eflcct. These directions emanate from a high source, and deserve serious consideration. The facts adduced are striking, and should induce others to adopt similar measures for the preven- tion of this destructive disease. — .Y. Y. Obs. Iron Pumps. — Agreeably to a resolution subriiit- ted in the Common Council by Mr Engs, an iron pump has been put down at the corner of William and Cedar streets, which is believed to have many advantages over the common wooden pump. It takes much less room, is of greater strength, and will endure for ages. Mr Thomas Brownwell, the maker, states that it will greatly improve the water, and will be much less liable to get out of order. The expense is only 25 cents a foot more than the wooden pump. — JV. Y. Daily Adv. Remedy for Poisoned Animals. — Raw eggs given to sheep and cattle, which have been I'oisoned by eating laurel or ivy leaves, it is said, will effect a speedy cure. Ths dose is, one egg for a sheep 4 eggs for a cow. They can be administered by simply breaking the shell and slipping the yolk and as much of the white as is practicable, down the animal's throat. It is said that of the 17,000 passengers who have arrived in Canada this season, from Great Britain, more than one half are paupers, and will find their way immediately into the United States. Census. — Thirteen towns in Ohio give an in- crease of .5000. It is supposed that Ohio will have near 1,000,000 inhabitants by the new cen- sus. 60 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 10, 1830- THE VINE. What a revolution has not the introduction of, I cotton ah-eady effected ! What results does not | the silk culture aheady promise us as our reward The reacli and the vine being natural produc- ^^ ^^^ distant day lions of the same region of the East the opinion The Sugar Cane, for «hich France and the has been tunformly adopted that a chn.ate favor- 1.^^;^,^^. „j. ^. ^^^ dependent o., the Indies, able to the one could not fud to be suitable to the ^^^^^^^ j.^^,,,^ ^ ^^^^^ important iten. a.nong our other. And where, let me ask, does the former ; ^.oauctions, and promises ere long to be rat.ked ihriTe to a greater degree than in many sections " of our country ? From the shores of Long Islan I, and even much farther north, to the most southern limits of the union, the peach flourishes and pro- duces fruuofthe highest quality In the south of ^,,^ ^^^^,^ . ^^,j ^,_^ ^,_^^^_^^,^ ^,^^ ^ ^,^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ among our exports. The product of the vine in like manner will be ours, with j.U its attendant advantages and bles- sings. The olive culture is already extending hi France aud Italy, the culture of the more choice and delicious varieties had given to those climes a fame, to cope with which required the possession by other countries of such as combined equal na- tural merits. The choicest they could boast have been latterly introduced among us, and we have also originated many most luscious seminal varieties; and those who possess thein know from their own experience, and from the 0[)inions of others who are familiar with the produce of the countries re» I'erred to, that in this fruit we liave no longer a ri- val in Europe. Hence we may deduce the most sure prospects of an equal success for the Vine, whose culture when compared with that of the Peach, is yet in its infancy. The power, wealth, and hai)piness of France, are principally attributable to the foresight she hasevin- ced in the introduction to her soil of the most val- uable natural productions of other countries. It lias been remarked that perhaps no enterprise in rural economy devised by the genius of a single man, has carried with it more important results than the first plantation of the Mulberry in the garden of the Tuilleries, formed at the commence- nicnt of the seventeenth century, by the command of Henry IV. At this moment, ihough but litj„ more than a century has elapsed, during only the latter part of v/liich suitable attention has been paid to the culture of silk, the value of the raw material amounts to $4,700,000, and that of its fabrication to above $16,000,000, making a total of about $21,000,000. The Olive, the Almond, and the Fig, were in like manner adopted in the agriculture of France, together ■with numerous other fruits of minor importance. The vines indigenous to her soil were absolutely worthless, and those originally brought from other countries were not superior in quality to many of the native kinds found in our forests ; and the number of esteemed French varieties, even as lata as the year 1720, was far less than we are al ready able to enumerate as the natural products of our woods and prairies, the spontaneous gifts of nature, unaided by the hand of man. Yet, at the present period, that adopted country of the vine, has nearly 4,000,000 of acres devoted to its cul- ture, which yield nn annual product of one thou sand millions of gallons, of the average value of more than $150,000,000. And what country ever presented a more eligi- ble theatre for agricultural jiursuits than the Uni- ted States ? The land ]irnprietors are not oppres- sed by feudal tenures, exorbitant taxes, vexatious tithes, or exhausting poor rates. The land is both fertile and cheap, aud the great diversity of soil qimI climate seem to invite the introduction of the varied products of other climes. The country pen- etrated in every direction, even to its remotest bounds, by navigable rivers, and intersected by canals and artificial roads, ofl^jrs every advantage for speedy transmissson of its productions. orange, lemon, lime,citron, filbert, iiiaron, iiomegra- nate, guava, stone pine, and almost every other production which has been heretofore enumerated among our importations, are destined hereafter to become the abundant products of our own fields, and articles of supply to other nations. Such are the happy coincidences of country, ofclimatr, and of government, that all which is required of us is but to exercise our judgment and our skill in perfecting the advantages which nature has so lib- erally tendered ; by the exercise of which, the bal- ance of trade, of wealth, and of power, cannot fail to be for ever secured to us. The present extent of American vineyards, and the rapid advances now making in their forma- tion, do not properly constitute part of the present volume ; but on that subject the most ample and detailed information will be given in the ensuing one. I will here therefore only give some cursory remarks on that head from the pen of an intelli- gent writer of Pennsylvania. ' The vine culture seems to have become a fa- vorite pursuit with the agriculturists of the present day, and forms an object of great promise in York county, Pa. Experiments have already shown that the vine will not only flourish in the poorer soils of that county, but that excellent wine can be made there, and that vineyards will become as profitable as any other agricultural pursuit. A portioB of the lauds in York county is poor and thin, commonly called barrens, and it has been proved that the vine succeeds well on it, and twen- ty acres of it, which can now be bought at from $6 to $10 per acre, when planted with vines, and al maturity, will be more productive to the owner than two hundred acres of the best land in the county, devoted to other culture. There arc per- haps not less than thirty or forty vineyards within twenty miles of the borough of York, and nearly all commenced within tlu-ee years. Should this disposition increase, and as a consequence the wine-press be made to take the place of the distil- lery, it will benefit the morals of the community. Among what are called civilized nations, the vice of drunkenness has always been found to prevail most extensively where the vine is not cultivated ; while on tlie other hand, where that culture is widely extended, the temperance of the people is proverbial.' Similar sentiments and like prospects of success seem to pervade all parts of our country where the culture of the vine has received merited atten- tion ; and the daily increasing devotion to the sub- ject in the formation of additional vineyards, will ere long cause each section of our republic to re- spond to the efforts of the others. The information which I have elicited on this head from every part of the union, and which wilt form part of the matter of the ensuing volume, evinces, when couoentrated, advances so much greater than could well have been anticipated this early stage of our progress, that I doubt not il is will strike with amazement even the most sanguine friends of the vine. Sufiice it here to say, that a degree of perseverance and enthusiasm seems to pervade all the votaries of this delightful i)ursuit, and a warm and friendly interchange of views and sentiments exists among them, which has been comparatively unknown in other species of culture ; and although the operators, from being dissemina- ted over so great an extent of territory, are conse- quently more widely separated from each other, still the existence of a connecting link, by friendly co-o|)eration in one common cause, may justly and appropriately assimilate their united exertions to that joyous period in the history of France, when, during the reign of Probus, thousands of ail ages and sexes united in one spontaneous and enthusi- astic effort for the restoration of their vineyards. Nor indeed when the far greater limits of our ter- ritory are considered, can the combined eftbrts of our fellow-countrymen fail to produce effects even more important, from the greater extent of their influence. The opinions of some political writers, that we should continue to import adulterated wines anJ spirits of all kinds, in onler to afford the govern- ment the means of thence deriving a revenue of a per ccntage on their value, even at the sacrifice of the morals of the nation, and the diminution of its wealth, by a course seemingly less objectionable, because less direct ; but which is not less fatal in le exhausting our resources: seem fast merging to |:i that oblivion, where the desire and the pride of a truly national independence should consign them ; and we may hope that the day is not far distant, it when America will fully establish and claim a tl rivalry with the most favored lands of the vine and u the olive, and proudly disclaim being tributary to ,( any foreign clime. NEGLECT OF ADVANTAGES. We do not make ail the use we might, either of our materials or of.our knowledge. Thus the lahurnum tree, which the French some- times call the green ebony of the Mps, is one of the most beautiful of woods for furniture, yet it is ael- dom or ever used for that purpose. It has been proved in many parts of France, that the walnut tree, if grafted, produces tenfold j yet I believe that walnut is seldom or ever sub- mitted to that process, at least in this country. Mr Dawes, of Slough, discovered that the cov- ering of a wall with 4/act pai"n< would facilitate the ripening of wall-fruit, and yet not one wall in twenty thousand is so paintcfl. The knowledge that charcoal is the best ingre- dient in the foundation of buildings erected in- moist places, is as old as Theodorus, who accord- ing to Diogenes Laertius, proposed the forming the foundation of the Temple of Ephesiis witli that material, because it would become so solid that no water couid penetrate it. This, I say, has been known more than two -thousand five hun- dred years, and yet I am not aware that charcoal has ever been used in this country, for the jiur- pose above referred to. — London Mag. Preserving Seeds. If seeds are intended to sent a great distance, or it is wished to presri them a long time, they should be wrapped absorbent [laper, and surrounded by moist browj* fu sugar- Vol. IX.— No. 8. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 61 Salmon Pishen/. — \ corre[<|)Oii(lcnt of the Wif- Bsset Citizen gives tlie following account of this hory in the Ki-nnehec. The Sahuon is a river fish. All the theories Bsjiecting its wintering at sen, &:c, are unfound d. Several facts are well known that make it vident tliis fish remains in the deep holes of iVcsli rivers the jTrealer part of the year. V^hen Col. Win Lithgow coaunanded at fort [alifax, he discovered Salmon in the month of luuary on Tyconuk falls. Salmon have also een taken from Pcirpoles hole in the Sandy river, 1 the town of Strong, in the winter season. A entlenian informed iiie, when first acquainted ith that fisliery, that Salmon were never taken lentifully, until after the spring freshet ; and 1 )und that to be the ease every year. .\nd they jounded according to that occurrence invariably bile I owned Salmon privileges at the numth of le Kennebec. The first that are taken on the Lennebec in the spring, are at Jones' Eddy, Par- er's Flatts, and Back river. The conclusion I raw from this is, that the fish drop down with le current in search of salt water; and meeting ith it in those large eddies, leave the channel id play in shore. But by far the greater part r what are called school Salmon, go directly to ;a and follow the current until it is lost in the lean to the westward of Seguin. They then rike in shore and follow the shore into the river, stinctively steming the current to the source of e river or rivers, to which they belong. The fe- ale Salmon are about three in five of the whole limber. There is no external difference between le sexes. Those who have split thousands of em , are not sensible of the marked difference :tween the spawn, and a substance lying in the me place and order in their bodies resembling le white of a duck's egg, inclosed by a flesh co- red case, of the same form as that in the female >ntaining the spawn. The Salmon deposit their awn thus : The female in the month of August lakes a little incision in the sand in clear water ith her fin, and drops a quantity of spawn, each ! out the bulk of a middling sized pea — she then Its forward seeking a place for another deposit ■ the male follows her, and impregnates it, and en moves himself forward with a dexterous loke of the tail, stirring spawn and sand togeth- ■ . They make this deposit in clear water, here the current is moderate, and the bottom Uel, and so shallow that the back of the Salmon le out of water. But fevr men now on the stage, appear to have Jiowledge of the superabundance of these fish as r back as the period before tha Revolution. If y memory does not misgive me, a Mr Rogers d his company, seven in all, in the year 17S4 or i'at Hunnewell's point, exclusive of Fox island, ok in set nets between eight and nine thousand ilmon. The average weight of each was 20 unds of the first shoal, and the last eighteen unds. When I owned the same fisheries, the dmon were two or three pounds lighter. Where ogers caught a thousand, ray fishermen had ed be industrious to get one hundred. In the ar 1813, I kept an account of the number and eight of Salmon caught. In five nets, were ught that year, 1143 Salmon. The last run ere usually smoked for the New York market. 10 iu number weighing 2564, and 1765 when loked fit for market, sold at 14 cents the pound the smoke bouse. I took some care that year to know the amount of Salmon caught on the Kennebec below Fiddler's reach. l''o.\ Islands caught 1000— all the l)irlhs at Cape Small Point, 500 — Hunnewell's point 1143 — Stago Island and all on the east side below the Fort 1500. All the above was one eighth of the quantity below Batl on the Kennebec, of Salmon only making 33,000 You perceive that the small schools, from tin above would average about $1 to the Salmon Those sold fresh in Boston, before the middle of ftlay did average 12J cents net profit, and 18 to 20 and 22 lbs. each, so that in a lot of 13, weigh- ing 270 lbs. sold May Ist, of that year I received $33 76. From which data, the conclusion may be drawn that every Sahnon caught, was at that time worth a dollar. The Salmon fishery alone then on the Kennebec, below Fiddler's reach, was worth to the State $33,000. And it is a fair estimate to value the Shad and Alewive fishery within the same compass at one half of the Sal- mon, making a total of $49,500 to the Kennebec, below Fiddler's reach in the year 1813. This ap- pears large, but by the manner the trade was carried on, the fact can be demonstrated with tolerable cer- tainty. One third at least of the Salmon were sold fresh in the markets of New York, Newport and all the seaports between that and Portland. There were three regular trading sloops witii a capital of about 3,000 dollars each, who purcha.sed Salmon only, and generally exchanged the whole of their produce readily for that article, tiiaking up 9,000 dollars value. And' 11,000 for the consumption of the inhabitants was but a rea- sonable proportion in all the other methods of sa- ving and cooking that fish. If therefore the Sal- mon, Shad and Alewive Fishery, even in that part of the Kennebec could be restored, it would give a source of wealth to the State about equal to the amount of the State tax. When Hrinley, the great Enghieei-, told n commU- lee of f'ailiuineiit, lo whom Bridgewattr's |ictitlon ivas refeneil, tliat can.ils were bolter ihaii rivers, and would supersede llicm for the purposes of navigation, the com- mittee were shocked, and asked him, 'And pr.iv, Sir, what were rivers made for.' ' To feed canals,' was the answer. DrFR\NKLiN suiveyed the route of the Delaware and C e>apeake Canal, at his own expense, in 1757. Baron Napier suiveyed the route o( the Foitli and Clyde Canal, at his orvti expense, in 1761. Ijoti have been accomplished, but after great delay. Dr Zabdiel Boxlston introduced inoculation for the small pox in Boston in 1721, and tried it first on his son Thomas, andother members iif his (amily. But such was the force of prejudice and unbelief, that the other physicians gave a unanimous opinion against il, and the populace would have lorn him to pieces if he had not re- tired from the city. — Centinel. sriaw ssTcaaiiSJiD Siii2sai3i3a BOSTON, J-RIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1830. Some facts illustrative of the tardiness with ivhich mankind adopt improvements. Canal Locks were invented in 1581 by engineers of Viteibe, in Italy. They were nearly a hundred years in getting fairly into use in France, and about ojte hun- dred and fifty in crossing the British Channel. At this time it was made felony in several European States to ride in wheel carriages. The Steam Engine was invented, or rather the prin- ciple of it discovered, by the Marquis of Worcester, as early as 1660. Few encouraged and none understood him. He died in great morlitication. The honor was afterwards engrossed by Savary. In 1765 the Earl ol Stanhope applied the steam en- gine to propelling a vessel. A steam boat was^run 20 miles on th.' Sankey Canal, Liverpool, in 1797, and another on the Forth and Clyde Canal, in ISOl. Mr Niles, of the Register, says that he made a trip on the Delaware in a steam boat as early as 1791. fii 1807, when F"ui.T0N was fitting up his first steam boat at New York, respectable, and sensible, and grey-headed men, said he was a fool. Now there is scarcelv an interest in the community that does not depend, more or less, on steamboats. Oliver Ev.vns went before committees of Legisla- tures,first in Pennsylvania and then in Maryland, with a project of a steam carriage as early as 1804. He asked a little aid to defray the expense. They could hardly be prevented tVom reporting in fjvor, not of steam engines for carriages, but of a straight jacket for himself. Now we seem to hear the huzzas of a transatlantic nation, who have had the sagacity and ingenuity to seize and utilize the precious idea. When Peter the Great, in 1700, or thereabouts, com- menced a canal between the Wolga and the Don, the Governors and Boyards of the country opposed it ear- nestly, thinking it impiety to turn rivers out of the chan- nels which Heaven had assigned them. When some Dutchmen proposed to make the river Manz^inares navigable lo the Tagus, and that to Lisbon, the Council said, if it had been the will of God that the FREE MARTIN Is a term signifying a barren heifer, which is a twin with a bull-calf, and partakes in some degree of the nature of a male as well as a female. Many scientific persons have doubted the exist- ence of an animal of this description, but it is now as well established that they are and what they arc, as any other fact in animal economy. ' The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal,' for May last, contains an article on this subject, from which we make the following extracts. ' Free Martins. We have been favored with the following account, which will not he found uninteresting to the anatomist, by a gentleman of this city, who is highly distinguished for the intel- ligence and success 'with which he has pursued the science of Agriculture. To Iho Editor of tlie Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. ' De.4r Sir — I some years ago had a valuable cow of the English breed, whicli brought twins, a bull and a heifer calf. As I had heard much of the character of these animals, commonly called '• Free Martins," and knew that some investiga- tions by ingenious anatomists were taking place in Europe, as to their peculiar construction, I decided at once to raise them for the purpose of minute observation, and ultimately for dissection, if it should be thought advisable. ' At about four years of age, the heifer was slaughtered. Dr Harris, of Milton, being desir- ous, with some friends, of remarking on any pe- culiarity of organization in the case, was present, and the result of his particular observations I send you. It was the opinion of the Doctor, that it would be well to give a description of the form, appearance, and hahits of the animal, as tending to illustrate the case ; which must be my apology for this intrusion. ' The male took a premium at Brighton, and was, it is believed, as perfectly formed an animal as has been raised in the State. There is much of his stock in very valuable descendants. ' The heifer was of a delicate form and slender figure ; deer-like in the neck and limbs. Her habits were rather shy and solitary, though well tenii)ered. No disposition for the male ever ap- peared. This is the more to be noted, as our fanners have, as to this particular, an opposite idea. They are besides, said, on the same author- ity, to resemble so exactly, that they niay well be yoked and worked together. However true this rivers should be navigable, he would have made them so. ! may ''« iu some cases of imperfect organization, 6-^ NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 10, 1830. it must be here observed, that, tliough similar in marks and color, the difference of form was most strongly marked. I am respectfully yours, JOHN WELLES. In answer to this, Dr T. Wm. Harris, gives a scientific description of the several peculiarities of the animal ; and observes that Mr John Hunter ( Observations on Jliiimal Economy ) says it appears almost an established principle, that when a cow brings forth twins, the one a bull and the other a heifer, the latter is unfit for propagation, and ap- pears on dissection, to be an hermaphrodite.' * * * ' As far as I could determine, this heifer had the external organs very small ; teats and udder dis- tinct ; the former like those of an ox. The ex- ternal characters appeared to be those of a fine well formed heifer. She was very fat, the intes- tines loaded with it.' Dr Hunter, in the treatise referred to above by Dr Harris, gives scientific descriptions, illustrated by cuts, of the appearances on dissection, of sev- eral individuals of this kind of animal anomaly ; and observes, that ' It is known that they, do not breed ; they do not show the least inclination for the male,nordoes he take the least notice of them. They very much resemble the ox or spayed heifer. From the singularity of the animal, and the ac- count of its production, I was almost tempted to suppose the whole a vulgar error. Yet by the universality of the testimony in its favor, it appear- ing to have some foundation, I eagerly sought for an opportunity to sec and examine them. I have succeeded in this inquiry and have found several.' Although this jiroduction of nature, like other monsters, is of rare occurrence, yet to the student of nature's laws, the anomalies as well as tiie gen- eral rules which govern the ojierations of Omnip- otent Power, are interesting. Moreover, a knowl- edge of facts of this kind, may lead to results of practical utility, anlig!it. He states that be had on e end of a very small liuib of a tree, that was anted out a year ago last spring, in the space of nche.o, 35 full grown, ripe plnnis. Sotrie of lese trees in Springfield, have produced this year, o busliel-i each. As Damel Lo:\ibard, Esq. of Springfield, was e first person who introduced the tree into that larter from Wliitesboro. N. Y., it has been appro- iately called the Lomhard Plum. It will, from 4 extftrnal showy appearance, make an excellent arket fruit ; but it is deficient in flavor, compar- 1 with our fine Plums. It can of course be ex- inded by suckers from the roots, or by planting stones without grafting. Mr Edwards has ry generously ofliiM-cd to distribute the grafts d suckers to any gentlemen in the proper season removing them. Some of them would be ry acceptable in this quarter. Seeds for Fall sowing. For sale nt the Seed Store connected with the New En'j;land Farmer, 52 North Maikel-street — A groat variety of vesctable seeds for fall sowing, viz. White Portug.d Onion, Prickly or Fall Spinach, (growtli of 1830,) Parsnips, Carrots, Black Spanish or Winter Ra- di.sh — all warranted of the first quality. Sept. 10. Cxdture of Silk. For Pale at the Seed Store connected with the New Encland Farmer, 52 North Market-street— E'isavs on American Silk, and the best means of rcn- dcrins; it a .source of individual and national wealth ; with Rirpctions to Farmers for rai.sing Silk Worms — By .lolin n'HomrrKiie, Silk Manufacturer, and Peter S. Du Pon- rcnn — Price (i2i cents. Alsf>, Directions for the Rearing of Silk Worms, and the Cnlt,iu-e of the While Mulberry Tree. Published by the Pennsylvania Society associated for the Promotion of (hose objects, (an excellent, plain, practical work.) — Price 2.") cents. A gentleman who had left Westchester, Pa. his live village when 50 years of age, and had ver revisited it, lately returned unexpectedly, at age of 82, and was recognized by two old ladies different jilaccs, who had not seen him since departure. Perhaps when younsr he had made itnpression on their hearts which 52 years uld not efface. — Patriot iHops. — The Concord Gazette states that the p-growers are the greatest sufferers by the gale 26th ult. Hops nearly ready to pick were [ch beaten and torn. In Littleton, Boxboro', 1 Wilmington, great damage has been sustained. fore the gnle the growers expected large crops first qunlity hops, but these are so much injured, t they will hardly now pass for second quality. The stone fruit, apples, corn, &e. were much iiaged. In Cliarlestown, Va. an innumerable swarm of ascertained that a merchant had a tierce con- ling 30 or 40 gallons of West India honey in cellar. In three days they carried off the ole. Bees for Sale. 'arsons in want of prime swarms of Bees, or Beard's ent Hives, can be supplied by Mr Ebenezer Beard of irlestown. Purchasers of swarms are supplied with ird's Patent Hives, gratis, for their own family uae The prices of swarms vary, according to their ght and quality. November and December is con- ired the best time for removing the Bees ; they can be aged, however, at any time previous. All orders, er for swarms, or for the Patent Hives only, left with fi. Russell, at his Seed Store, No. 52 North Market- et, Boston, will be faithfully executed. tf Sept. 10. JVcto Work on Farriert/. .Tust received and for sale at (he Se^d Store connected with (he New England Farmer Office, No. 52 North Market Street, The Vetcrinarv S'ir£;eon ; or, Fari'ii^ry fauirht on a new and easy plan : br^inor a trcadse on all the diseases and accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the causes and symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies em- ployed for the cure in every pa.se ; with instructions to (he Shocin?-Smith. Farrier, and Groom, bow to acrniire knowledge in the art of Farrierv, and the prevendon of Diseases. Preceded bv a popular description of the ani- mal functions in bealtb, and showing- the principles on which these are to he restored wbeti disordered. Bv .Tohn Hinds, Veterinary Surgeon. With considerable additions and improvements, particularly adapted to this country, bv Thomas M. Smith. Veterin^rv Surgeon, and Member of the London Veterinary Medical Society. Price $1,25. Strawhcrry Plants. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, .52 North Market-street— direct from the Brighton Nursery, A large vaiicty of Strawberry Vines, comprising the I'inc Apple, Roscberry, Bath Scarlet, Royal Scarlet, Mul- berry, Wood, Chili, &c, at $1 per hundred. Also Wil- mot's Superb, Keens' Imperial, and Keens' Seedling, at a reasonable rate. Jf'anls a Place, .\ middle aged man as a gardener. Inquire at the Farmer Omce. 3t Sept. 2. Saxon Sheep. On Thursdav the 2.1d dav of Senfember, at llartrnrd, (to nlose n concern) will he snM hv Public Auction, an entire flock of sunerior full Wooded Saynn Sheep bred with care from the best stock imported bv Atepsrs George ^ Thos. S^c.r'fi in 1825 and '2fi -, consisting of 14 Rams, 30 Ewes, 11 Rnra Lambs, and 10 Ewe T.amhs. AIfo. the well known full blooded Durham Improved Short Horned Bull WvE Comet, unquestionablv the best Bn'l in America. W. WOnnRRrDOF,. AusmstSO, ir!"0. HENRY WATSON. Grass Seeds. For sale at the Seed Stoin connected with the New Eniland Farmer, .52 North M.irket street, A larere assortment of Seeds of the various grasses cul- tivated in New England, viz : HERDS GRASS : RED TOP; ORCHARD GRASS; TALL MRADOW OATS GRASS; FOWL MEADOW GRASS: LUGEnNE. or FRENCH CLOVER; RED CLOVER; WHITE HONEYSUCKLE CLOVER; also WINTER WHEAT, from Genesee, BUCKWHEAT. FLAX, MILLET. FIELD PEASE, and 14 varieties of the most esteemed FIELD TURNIP SEED, cultivated in Europe and America, all warranted of the first quality, and at the customary market prices. Aug. 13. For Sale, A valuable Farm at Lecbmere Point; consistmg of 30 acres — on the Craigie road, less than three miles from Boston. With a good two story house and bam thereon — a thriving young orchard and other fruit trees. For terms and other particulars, inquire of Wm. E. Payne, No. 5 Court-street. eptol Auir. 27. Bolivar Calves, Saxony Bucks, and Bremen Geese. For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired by the celebrated im- ported improved Durham short horned bull Bolivar, which stock have produced 36 quarts of milk a day. No. 1, dam Grey Brown, half Coclebs and half Galloway. No. 2, dam Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, her sire Coelebs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Cow. No. 4, dam Beauty, half Ccelebs and half Galloway. The Calves are beautiful, and their dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlings, and 2 Lambs. 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shurt- lefT, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. tf. July 9. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. FROMI TO APPLES, new, barrel. 2 00 3 00 ASHES, pot, first sort, - Pearl, first sort, - ton. 115 00 120 flO ti 133 00 135 00 BEANS, while, hushcl. >J0 BEEF, nicss, barrel. ■10 0( 10 50 Cargo, No. 1, " 8 St 9 00 Cargo, No. 2, ** 6 50 6 70 BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new. Dound. It 13 CHEESE, new milk, - '* e 7 Skimmed milk. n £ 5 FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - barrel. 5 5C S 87 Genesee, - tt 5 25 5 62 Rye, best, It 3 StJ 3 75 GRAIN, Corn, bushel. .-if! 68 Rvc, 65 67 Barley, « 60 65 Oats, a 32 35 HAV, cwt CO 70 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new. 11 50 12 00 HOPS, let quality. 14 00 15 OO LIME, .... 70 75 PLAISTER PARIS rclallsal Ion. 3 50 3 50 PORK, clear, barrel. 19 00 20 00 Navy, mess. 12 25 12 50 Cargo, No. 1, - - ti 12 00 12 SO SEEDS, Herd's Grass, busliel. 2 00 Orchard Grass, it 3 00 Fowl Bleadow, - It 400 Red Top [northern.) " 62 75 Lucerne, - . ^ . 33 White Honeysuckle Clover, 3S Red Clover, (northern) it 9 10 WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - n 50 62 Mermo, full blood, unwashed. II 30 .35 Merino, mixed with Sa.tony, II 60 65 " Mcriuo, three tburlhs washed. (1 47 55 Merino,half blood, II 45 50 MeriBo, quarter 1' 37 42 >ative, washed, II 45 SO Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - It 52 55 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. U 42 47 Pulled, " sjjimiing, first sort. " 42 PROVISION MARKET. CORRECTEn EVERY WEEK BY MR' HAYWARD, ( Clerk nf Fmieuil-liall Market.) BEEF, best pieces, .... pound 8 10 PORK, fresh, best pieces, 8 10 whole hogs, li 6 VEAL, - ■ - it 4 8 MUTTON ll 4 12 POULTRY, 11 10 14 BUTTER, keg and tub, - II 11 10 Lump, best, ll 13 20 EGGS, 11 15 MEAL, Rye, retail. bushel. 85 Indian, retail. It 75 POTATOS.new .... 20 30 CIDER, [according to quality ,] barrel. 3 60 4 00 Brighton Market — Monday, Sept. 6, [Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot.] At M.arkot this day, 611 Beef Cattle, 953 Stores, 5214 Sheep, and 1002 Swine. The Market was much ' glutted' today ; more than 100 Beef Cattle, more than one half the Stores, about 1000 Sheep, and about 2 or 300 Swine, re- mained unsold. Prices— Beef Cattle — We shall quote the price the same as last week, from $3,50 a $4,.50, although w» think the Market something lower; we noticed some de- cent Cattle sold for a trifle over $3. Stores — Sales dull, too many at market for the season,- although there were many buyers who probably intend purchasing tomorrow. Sheep and Lambs. — From $1,125 to $1,75 ; we noticed one lot of 200 for $1,25, one lot of 80 for $1,17, one lot for $1, several lots for $1,33, and several for $1,50 ; also lots at $1,624 and $1,71. Swine. — One lot of 400, mostly old, were taken at 44. a 4i ; at retail 4 a 5 cents. 64 JNEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 10, 1830. MISCELLANIES In Berkshire county, lately, a gentleman ob- served a very corpulent man passing, and inquired who it was: ' Why, that is Mr , father of the town.' ' Bless me,' said the inquirer, ' and he seems just ready to he delivered of another town,' It is stated that 15,000,000 feet of lumber is an- nually brouglit fiorn Brunswick and Topsham to Bath, and thence sliipped to the South. A large portion of it goes to the West Indies. Death bt Lightmng. — On the 18th July a Mr McBane was instantly killed by lightning in the vicinity of Fort Covington, N. Y. while sittin near a window with one of his children in his arms. Caution. — The electric fluid in passing from the clouds to the earth, or from the earth to the clouds, as is sometimes the case, generally follows some conducting substance, such as smoke, the steatn from a mow of new made hay, metals, trees, &c. It is therefore prudent during a thun- der shower to keep away from fire places, stove pipes, trees, the walls of buildings, and the like. The best remedy for a person struck senseless by lightning is, to dash the body plentifully with cold water. Many lives have been suved by this rem- edy, and it should be remembered and applied immediately — Vermont Telegraph. HINTS TO PARENTS. 'JUST THIS ONCE,' OR, THE RULE BROKEN. ' Just this once,' says the fond mother to her- self, as she allows the cake or sweet-meat to slip into the mouth of her darling-, in despite of her rules for preserving health. It is but a crumb, and how unkind to refuse the friend that so ten- derly offers it; and then, just for once, it can do no harm. ' I must pacify my child this time, at any rate,' says the mother, pressed with the hurry of business. 'he back of her neck, for a disorder in the resist the ieB<;t tpinofntlnn Tr. .,«.,„ c .1 ' j ''<^'»'- Alter taking off the dressings from the blister, he resist llie least temptation. In none of the ways I threnr them carelessly into the fire. • Why, la, doctor, Chloride of Soda. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the N. E Farmer, 52 North Market-street— A few dozen bottles o( Chloride of Soda, for preserving meat, removing ofTensiire smells, neutralizing pestilential exhalations, and destroy- ing contagion ; prepared by the New England chemical company for Lowe and Keed. This valuable article il particularly described, page 390 of this week's New Enf and Farmer.— Price $1,00 per bottle, with directions. If a child offend, either by breaking a plate or in any other way, never stop to reflect, lest the tem- per should cool ; box its ears with a smart blow ; a powerful thump on the head has a wonderful influ- ence upon the faculties. If a child beg for a thing which has been two or three times refused, and at length sets to crying, relent, and let it have the thing cried for, by all means, it will learn him perseverance. As your daughters grow up, let them run from home in tlus ev.jening, without knowing with whom or where, for why should parents be too particular ! Tliis indulgence will fit thetn for several things. Agood deal of whipping is by all means recom- endofthe year-bit those' whopay" within sixtV days fromtin ,„„„ 1 , - , i,-i 1 1 , J 1- 1 1 time of Fubscribmg, are entitled to a deduction of fifty cenU. nended;it makeschddren hardy, and a little shame- ^ No paper w,ll be sent to a distance without Davme"t less, and generally compels them to lie ; but this will fit them for the biifletings of life. Follow these rules, and my word for it, children will never break their parent's hearts ; for parents who have hearts to be broken will never follow them. why did tliee Ihrow lliem dressings into the fire? Die thee not know that it would cause my blister to dry up and make it very sore and painful ? 1 always knew th? it would ever since I was a child six years old, and have seen il tried fihy times or more.' ' No doubt yoi liave,' said the quicksiirhted doctor; ' but has thee evei seen it have this effect since the large eclipse of the sun the daik day ? Did ihee not know the dark had destroy- ed this evilf' 'Why no, doctor, do thee say so? ' Certainly I do. Now thee Ml see if thy blister don't d( just as well as if I had not put the dressings in the tire. 'Well, I declare,' said the lady, 'I am glad the darl day has done some good, for sure I never heard before that the dark day ever had done any good whatever.' The blister did well, and the lady thought the doctoi truly a learned man, and master of his profession. — JV. V. Medical Inq. Items for Housekeepers. Potato Cheese.— Sehct good wliiie potato?, boil them, and when cold, peel and reduce them to a pulp with a rasp or mortar; fofive pounds ol this pulp, add a pint of sour milk and the requisite portion of salt; knead the whole well, cover it, and let it remain three or four days, according to the season ; then knead it afresh, and place the cheeses in small baskets, where they will part with their superfluoufj moisture; dry them in the shade, and place them in layers in large pots or kegs, where they may remain a fortnight. Age improves their quality, and they possess (lie prop, eriy of never engendering worms. If kept in a dry, well closed vessel, they may be preserved for many years. When a decanter .stopper becomes tight, a cloth wet with hot water applied to the neck, will cause the glass to expand, so that the stopper may be easily removed. Glass vessels may be cut in two, by tying around (hem at the place you wish to divide, a wors(ed thread dipped in spirits of turpentine, and then setting fire to (he thread. It is unnecessary (o tell any who have had experience of the evil, that red ants are like the plagues of Egypt. The following method of destroying (hem seems to be too simple to be very effective; but I have known it suc- ceed, when a house had been infested with them for years. These insects are extravagantly fond of shag-barks, or American walnuts: fill a large dish with these nuts, cracked, and they will quit every thing else, to cluster upon it. When the dish is well covered, remove it care- fully, and brush them all into the fire; at (he same (ime have a little corrosive sublimate in a cup, (o sweep in such as happen (o s(ray froip (he dish; and (ouch all the cracks and crevice.s, from which you have seen them come with a feather, dipped in the same poison. !n ons week if this be repeated (hey will all be gone. By no means leave (he cup, or poisoned fea(her about for aa instant. 0= Subscribers to the New England Farmer are in- formed that they can have their volumes neatly hall bound and le(tered by sending (hem (o (his office. Published every Friday, at g3 per annum, payable atthl 03= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment I' being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Rcssell, by I. R. Butts — by whom all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet the wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B, RcssELL, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 JVorlk Market Street. AGENTS. New York — G. Thorbur.n & Son, G7 Liberty-street. Pliiladetpkia— I). & C L.^ndketh. 85 Chestnut-street. Baltimme—G. K. Smith, Office of the American Farmer, A/biiny — Hon. Jesse 15uel. Flushing, N. Y. Wm. Pkince «t SoNS.Prop. Lla. Eot.GardM Hartford — Goodwin & Sons. Halifax, N. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder OfEcc. Montreal, L. C. — A. Bowman, Bookseller. ]!¥EW ENGl^AJfP FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 62 jNORTH MARKET STRFFT i.-,. .. ~l — — L! ""^"J«^^«^|^^T^TREE^^JA^^THE Agk^^ Warehoi,se.)-T. G. FESSENDE.N, EE^V^. NO. 9. VOL IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEM B E R 17, 1 8 SO. From Iho Elgin Couiier, published io Scotland, BSERVATIONS ON THE MAKING, CURING, AND CASH- ING OF BDTTER. A number ofcopies of tlie subjoined liavinorbeeii tely printed in unotlier form at the Courier office rone of our country gentlemen, we think we can- )t do a more acceptable service to our agricultural lends than to insert it in this place. It was drawn by order of the .Agricultural Association, as the suit of inquiries into the practice adopted In Irc- ndin the making of butter, and of the experience ' some extensive curers in the eoiuity of Aber- len.— £i. 1st. The milk house or dairy should have no ternal communication with any other buildini». must be kept free from smoke, well aired, and no tetoes, fish, onions, cheese, or anything likely to part a strong or had smell, should be kept therein. short, nothing but the dairy utensils, which must kept sweet and clean. 2d. The milk when brought in from the covs gould be strained through a fine hair sieve orstrii- • r, and, when cool, put into sweet well seasontd flien cogs, keller.s, or milk-pans — the latter to be Jjfencd. A tin skimmer, with holes in it, is tie tit for taking off the cream, which shoiid B.vays be churned while the cream is fresh. 3d. The churns whether pump or barrel, should b made of the best well seasoned white oak a 1, as cleanliness is of the first importance, great l3ntion should be paid to the washing, dryin" ul airing ofthe churns immediately after use.other- lue they are sure to contract a sour and unwhole- Nie smell, which must injure the quality of the Itter. kh. The Gutter immediately afler being charned, lluld be thrown into fresh spring water where it li uld remain for one hour at least, that it may [\\y firm; and, at the end ofthe third or fourth »ihing, some fine salt should be put into the. »er, which will raise the color of the butter, and iige away any milk that remains among it. Be- 0: salting it is very essential that no milk or wa- ebe left, otherwise a strong smell and unpleasant 13 will be the certain consequence. ill. The Butter thus prepared should be imwe- ' itit/ sailed. The proportions of salt may be from t and one fourth to one and one half ounce of (tch Salt for the pound of Butter — or, for the e stoved Rock or Bay Salt one ounce for the nd. But when Butter is not intended to be t through the winter and spring, or for any long od, the quantities of Salt above recommended be somewhat reduced, the curer exercising 3wn judgment in doing so. '. B. In Ireland, the use of salt and saltpetre is immended, in proportions of one ounce of ed Rock or Bay Salt, and one fifth of an ounce sltpetre to the Aberdeen pou.nd. ih. It is a very injurious practice to keep a ing of Butter uncured to the next churning, he purpose of mixing the two together. This e invariably injures the flavor of the whole, renders it of too soft a quality ever aftewards 3t firm — This applies to curers who are the ucers of the Butter— but as the greatest quan- of butter in this country is collected and cured I serchants they are particularly cautioned against the practice of throwing the fresh Butter together, and retaining it in that state for days until they have' collected what they consider a sufficient quantity to commence curing— the Butter treated in that manner is invariably found inferior to what is salt- ed afitr churning. Should, however, there not be a sifficient quantity collected in one day to fill a packaje when cured, the quality ofthe butter may in greit measure be preserved by giving it a par- tial salting and covering it over with a clean linen cloth lipped in pickle, and placing it in a cool sit- uation. Country Dealers who are in the habit of sendiig carts through the Districts where they re- side, 10 collect the Butter should endeavor to ar- range it so between themselves and the makers of the Butter, that it is churned upon the dav it is called for. 7tli. When the butter is cured, it should be tramped firm into the firkin with a round, wooden tramp-stick, of sufficient weight and thickness. The firkin shoidd be filled up to the crose, and then covered over with a little of the purest salt suflicient room merely left for the head of the cask, and must be well secured, to exclude air, and to prevent the pickle from getting out. Sth. The Liverpool stoved Salt, or Portugal St Ubcs, or Bay Salt, is from strength and quality, always to be preferred. All Salt must be kept quite dry, and at a distance from fire, to prevent the first imbibing the smell of the smoke. If Kept in a cask, a little unslacked lime placed un- der it will prevent it from drawing moisture from the grornd. 9th. The mixing of the salt with the Butter should be done in wooden dishes, after the water and milk are completely expelled, and no time should tteii be lost in tramping it into the firkin which wll make it draw even and firm. 10. Tie milk of new calved cows should never be set fcr Butter until at least 4 days after calving, as a smtll quantity of beast-milk Butter will injure a whoh firkin. The practice of scalding cream in cold weather should also be avoided, as cream thus tmated will never make good Butter. 11. Great care should be taken not to steep the firkin in boggy or unwholesome water. Nothing but th« purest spring or clear running water should be used for that purpose— and the firkins should be rendered perfectly dry inside after being steep- ed, either by long drip|)ing, or being rubbed by a siaooth towel. Old Butter should never be mixed vith new — and the lining of the casks with'in- fnior sorts, or Grease Butter, is a practice which i csnnot be too much reprobated. 12. The casks ought to be made of the best' ak or ash, (the former to be preferred,) and the hrgest size should not exceed 84 lbs. gross, that teing the size used in Ireland, and most conveii- ifnt and saleable in the London .market. The casks should be tight and well hooped. Beech, [Jane, ash, &c, should never be used, as that qual- iiy of wood is more apt to absorb the pickle, and, iaclependent of the injury thereby occasioned to tie butter, it will often lead to dispute about the tire. - To render these observations more complete, it night be thought necessary to point out the in- iirious, and even nefarious practices, which more] or less prevail in the making of Butter throughout the country— but as a perseverance in such prar tices must ultimately hav« the effect of entirely destroying this profitable branch of agriculluraj, mdustry, it is hoped the makers of Butter will see It to be their own interest to produce nothing but Butter of the best quality, and that these mal-iirac- tices, which are perfectly known, will be discon- tinued. The dealers in the country have it in their power to put a check to them— and it is ex- pected they will do so, by refusing to purchase Horn those who adopt any artificial means to has- ten the making of the butter, or to increase the quantity, while the quality is thereby deteriorated SMALL FARMS-COLLECTING MANURES. The great principles of agriculture may be re- duced to these two points: keep small farms and manage them well. What constitutes a small farm, or in what consists good management, are subl jects deeply affecting the best interests of society and have engaged volumes of the most philanthro- pic writings. The pages of a work, limited in size and devoted to various purposes, can aflford but a short review of a subject so comprehen- sively useful, yet, by entering directly into real matiei and avoiding the prolixity of books, much instruction and benefit may be obtained at an ex- pense of money and time comparatively small An anxiety to grow rich has done more injury and produced ,„oio (Us-ippointment to farmers than to any other class of fortune hunters : the merchant, who not only risks his entire capital, but also his utmost credit on a single voyage, may succeed even beyond his calculation, and may at ■ once, increase his fortune and enlarge his credit- the mechanic, who risks all on a sing'.e project may succeed to riches and its comforts ; but the' farmer, who enlarges his fields beyond his bo.tual means of cultivating them never succeeds in W design. •• Land badly tilled and badly fenced, produces a small crop, which not unfrequently becomes ^ prey to the inroads of cattle, or suffers for want of hands to secure it in harvest ; yet such must be the fate of large farms, that is, farms exceed- ing the disposable means of the proprietor. No general rule can be laid down to determine the proper size of a farm, as it must be regulated by a whole view of the farmer's means, family, &c. ; but in choosing a farm, it would be a prudent I maxim to prefer one even appaientiy too small, to one that might prove too large ; and perhaps the I generality of farmers, who look merely to the support of a family, might do well to confin^ their industry, in the first instance to fifty acres of land, exclusive of the necessary proportion of woodland. The result would prove so decisively the superior advantages of small farms, as more than probably to induce the farmer to continue his industry on a scale, which would yield so much in point of crops, save .so much labor, render^ frequent view of the entire farm, and the collect- ■ng of the produce to the barn so convenient. But,' says the farmer, who has six or eight chil- dren, ' fifty acres will not suflice to support my family.' It may be replied, and with more truth, 'no, nor one hundred acres,' because pfthe un- 66 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 17, 1830. m deniable fact, that one luindred acres badly tilled will produce less than fifty acres well managed, and that the labor necessary to the good tiUage and management of the small farm, will not be sufficient even for the slovenly management of the large one. It is unnecessary to describe, how a large farm may be ruined, in the case of a proprietor wliose capital is small ; every jiractical farmer can ex- plain, and the most superficial view of hundreds of such farms, to be seen in all directions, will at once convince the doubtful. It only remains to see how the farmer and his family can be support ed on a farm of fifty acres. The skilful farmer will keep his lands in a state of constant productiveness ; the most injudicious management or the most apparent neglect can alone cause land to remain for years or even for a season without contributing to the farmer's susten- ance ; this state, however, seldom fails to attend lar-e farms. A rotation of crops and a supply of manure will secure this constant state of pro- ductiveness. Every farmer is a sufficient judge of the managing a rotation of crops, and, in some measure, acts on that principle ; but the mind and labor are so divided in the care of large farms, that neither can be brought to act with sufficient judgment or effect. A proper disposition of cat- tle, added to a judicious collecting of manure, will always produce the means of enriching and in- Ti<^oratincr the soil, nor can there ever appear any want of a sufficient supply of manure for evei^ purpose of the farm. The collecting of compost, or manure, being indispensable to the farmer, it s^iali be here first attended to. Compost is to be considered, both as to its quantity and its quality. The quantity may be increased by mixing clay, or other nnfor- mented matter witli the manure ; the entire mass will partake of the salt?, and all ferment together. The quality, which seems of more importance than the (jaantity, may be improved by choosing a proper «te for the manure heap. It should not be made in a hole, because the rain water will soon fill the hole and chill the manure ; which should, in order to fermentation, preserve a con- siderable heat : it should not be made on a hill because its juices will run from it : it should not be exposed to rain, because tlje water passing through it will cany away its most valuable part; nor should it be entirely excluded from the air which is essentially useful to it. With these gen- eral observations in view, the farmer will easily contrive a proper plan for collecting a sufficiency of rich compost for all the uses of his farm, which, thus plentifully supplied, will never degen- erate into a barren waste. The manure heap should be placed near the farm yard, so that the rotten straw, bedding of the cattle, &c, may be easily removed to it ; a sewer or gutter should also "be contrived to carry off the urine from the cattle's stalls to a reservoir near the manure ; and finally, it should be collected on a flat spot of ground, so hard as to he, if possible, impoivious lo the juices, which would otherwise sink into the earth and be totally lost — jV. Y. Farmer. In 2d column, 32d line, for ' 1820' read 1829 42d line, for 'your' read our. Having been absent from home and much en- water grape, and four pots with branches of tho peach, plum, apple and quince, literally loaded with their natural fruit, and decorated with roses Hivino- been absent Irom liome ana mucn eu- ""■" ■■■-■• •— — -> , ., <-■•■. ga'cdlniid lot ftlTy peruse Mr Lowell's leUer of and other flowers by the hands of t-o fair visiters imn St V until this day : I am consequently un- The ,,lums, particularly, excited admiration. They lb eTo t-eply ere o in time for your next paper, comprised about thirty varieties, all of grea ex- able to lepiyineieio lu imi } „^ii„npp mnnv of which are natives of, and almoBi but shall in the one next after. Very respectfully, WM ROBERT PRINCE. Lin. Dot. Gnrdrnl, N. Y., ( Sept. 11,1830. i ALBANY HORTICULTURAL FESTIV.M,. The second anniversary of the Albany Horti- cultural Society was held at Albany, on Tutsday the 7th inst. in the spacious hall and ante rooms of the Acadamy and Institute. Notwilhstaiiiling the unfavorable state of the weather, it wis in all respects an elegant and rational festival. The annual address was delivered at 12 in one oT the rooms of the Institute, by Doct. T. Romeyn Beck, cellence, many of which are natives of, and ahnoel peculiar to, our city and neighborhood ; and others of them seem to have found with us their favor- ite home. Among the former, we enumerate the prune and Bleecker's gage, two seedlings grown from seeds which came from Germany, the Schuy- ler gage, Chancellor gage, and the Jefferson and Eleanor plums, the two latter known to be seed- lings ; beside a large seedling blue gage. We also noticed a dish of green gages, every one of which grew double, labelled with the name of D. B. Slingerland. We have not room for an enumeration of the difterent sorts and baskets of fruit. There appears to have been nodiffering. A branch of filberts was a copy of which we have received, and shall ere g^,,;,,;^^^! ^^.^^ (be garden of Charles E. Dudley. long present to the readers of the New England Lj,|^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ perfectly ripe, are very fine, su- Farmer. The following account of the exhihi- 1^ .'^^ ^^ ^j^^ j^^^^^^j.^^^^, .j,,^, ^j,g j,.geg p^n be easily tion, &c, we have abstracted from the Albany .^ gjed. They are ornamental and appropri- Argus. , ate for hedges. The decorations of the hall were chaste and . .j. splendid. This room is 80 feet long, 40 broad, and 20 high, and ornamented by twenty Corin- thian columns, four upon each angle, exclusive of four at the corners. The whole room was encir- cled with appropriate festoons, fastened at the top of each shaft, and decorated at these points with twenty large bouquets of the richest flowers, two and three feet in height, and (lartially concealing the capitals. Brilliant bunches of flowers were also displayed over the different entrances, and upon the mantles. A large and beautiful str.r, composed of the double helianthus, dimnishing to points from a six inch centre, and the ntervals filled with paintings of fruits, was consiiiruous op- posite the principal door. The upper cid of the hall exhibited a bouquet of uncommon size and singular beauty, eight feet high and six feit broad, n the form of a heart, and surmounted by a splen- did floral eagle, jieering amid the draper; of the festoons; the whole displaying some thoustnds of flowers, and of almost every hue and color that is pencilled by the prolific hand of nature, stulding and encircling clusters of grapes passing in i con- tinuous vine through the centre and in prallel shoots from each side. A large sheet of paintings of fruit, in colors, by a youth, appeared as a pe- destal. Above, and near the ceiling, wen the .nitials of the society, in large letters compoMd of the richest flowers, surrounded by an oval of ever- green, interwoven with roses, &c. — Such wei-e among the floral decorations of the hall, which \t half past 3 P, M, about one hundred gen- tlemen sat down at Cruttendin's. .lesse Buel, E.-q. presided, assisted by three Vice Presidents anl the Chairman of the Committee of Arrange- inmts. Gov. Throop, and several gentlemen, vvlaces shall bud and blossom, and produce an hundred fold. By Isaac Denniston, Esq. 3d Vice President. 77,6 memory of De Will Clinton— The friend o\ Horticultural institutions— his genius shed a lustrt over our pursuits. By Dr P. Wendell. James .l/eose— Distin- guished as well for his literature and science, as for his ardent /.cal in the promotion of horticul- tural and agricultural knowledge. By John T. Norton, Esq. The Garden— An apt emblem of the heart of man : if neglected, il runs to waste and ruin; but if well cultivated and improved, its usefulness is unbounded, its source* of delight inexhaustible. Bv Rev D Brown. Our knglhened caialoguf •' . „ „ -.1 1 ) „„:,! .« „„.„..5 ..,- -- , \ofhl(ssins;s — 'Comfort me with apples,' said a| were arranged under the general superintendencej _^^^.^^^g^^^g ,,,^ ^^^^.^ ^^^^^ ,j,Q,.g jeUcious fruiti of Mr Wilson, of the Albany Nursery, assisted by " ^^^^ ^^^^^^ j.^^.^ other professiona gardeners \>«'^'-S^ '•«7"^%,,2d;„/ rf ,be London H, S,-Therud. was designed and executed by Mr Matthew Mm- I'lesiaeui FOB TUB NEW FNGLAND FARMER. ERRATA, Mr Eessenden — I must beg of you to make the following corrections in my communication inserted in your paper of 3d inst. In first column, phy, gardener to E. C. Delavan, Esq Nor were the contributions of Pomona less splendid and interesting than those of her fair sister. The centre table, extending through the hall, was appropriated to these, and exhibited a rich disiday of peaches, plums, pears, grapes, ap- ples, melons, &c, while at the lower end of tie hall, some huudreils of ladies and other visiteis were regaled with these rich delicacies of the garden. In the centre of the fruit tables were two pots with vines growing in each, and each northern blasts have not withered a fair leaf of his fame. Sent by Gen. Dearborn, President of the Massa- chusetts llorticultural Society. The State of JVeiv lorJ.— Distinguished for iB raiiid advancement in commerce, manufactures, rural economy, and internal improvements, as foi the intellectual attainments, enterprising spirit and elevated patriotism of its citizens. The annual election was held in the course of the day, and the following gentlemen chose» two pots with vines growing in eacn, ana eacn iiie uay, inu "n; ■"•■" & b bearing from eight to ten branches of the sweet officers of the society for the ensuing year : Vol.IX.— No.7. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 67 Jesse Buel, President. Alfred Conkling, 1st Vice President. Edward C. Delava.n, 2d Vice President. Isaac De.n.nisto.n, 3d Vice President. Douw B. Sli.ngerland, Treasurer. James G. Tract, Cor. Sec'y. R. M. Meigs, Recording Sec'y. All the proceedings were gratifying in a liigh degree. Tlie festival and its results— the rich nd various fruits and vegetables — the spirit of emulation and improvement among us — and par- ticularly the series of eloquent and interesting annual addresses — are renewed proofs of the utility of the society. Surely our citizens will feel a direct interest in the encouragement of what contributes so amply to the necessaries and deli- cacies of their tables, and to the advancement of oue of the noblest employments of mankind. From Loudon's Gardener's Magazine. PACKING FRUIT TREES FOR EXPORTA- TION. Sir — The following is the plan adopted by Mr Prince of New York, in packing fruit trees, and hich I can recommend, from experience, to your readers: — As soon as the tree is taken out of the Erroiind, the roots are dipped in a thick mixture of earth and water. The roots are then tied in ■jundles, and dipped in all at once, and a mat is apped over them, to keep the earth round them iogether. They are afterwards placed in a box, ind a piece of wood is fixed across the bo.x, »ver he top part of the roots, to prevent them from noving, as the branches are not lapped up at all. I have had trees packed in this manner, which lave remained in the above condition four months; ind, when unpacked, the roots were throwing )ut new fibres. This occurred last spring ; and, ilthough the season was so unfavorable, the trees nade exceedingly fine strong shoots. The plan idopted by Messrs Buel & Wilson, of the Al- )any nursery, in packing their fruit trees, is as bllows : — They dip the roots well in a' mixture )f earth and water; but instead of lapping the oots in a mat, they lay them in the end of the box, ind fill in between them with wet moss ; so that he lid of the box presses against the moss, and hus prevents the roots from being shaken. I, lowever, consider the plan of lapping the roots n a mat superior to that of filling in with wet noss, because a dampness proceeds from the mo5S, rliich produces a mildew on the branches of the lecs so packed. This has been the case with rees that I have received packed in this way ; >ut, after they had been unpacked for a short lime, the mildew disappeared. The trees which 1 eceived this season, from Messrs Buel & Wil- lon, are : — [Here follows the list of the trees. IMr Saul ipeaks under another date, of these trees, as hav- tta arrived in better order than any he had jrer known imported. Editor JV. York Farmer.] Lancaster, June 15, 1830. M. SAUL. Fruit Trees [Pears and Apples] were taken out o Madras, in 1793, by Mr Main, in a box of damp noss ; the moss was damp when the trees were lacked, not touched by the way, and, after a 'oyage of three months, was found dry, but tlie rees alive. Some gooseberries and currants, fvhich were packed with them, were dead. Tlie ressel sailed from London on Jan. 1, and arrived lie beginning of April. Tho trees came from Mexri Loddige*. From tho New York Evening Post. Extract of a letlor from Honry t*oiriiio, Fnq. Consul, &c. dated .«iiii Junn Batista dc Tabiisco, Moiicu, I'urinoily Villa Hutnioau, July e kept in their pen, for the animals to eat as their appetites or instiivcls may direct. It has been su|)posed, likewise, that swine thrive better when they can obtain fresh earth, which they are often observed to swallow with greediness. Char- coal, it is said by some, will answer as good if not a more valuable purpose ; and that if swine can ' (ibtain charcoal, tboy will not only greedily devour' a j)ortion of that substance, but will be but little inclined to rooting, and remain much more quiet in their pens than under ordinary treatment. The modes in whicli swine are fattened in some of the western parts of the State of New York, are stated to be these. ' About the first of Sejv tember, begin with boiled potatoes and pumpkins, mashed together with a little Indian meal, ground oats and peas, or other grain, stirred into the mix- ture after it cools. From two to four weeks before killing time, the food should be dry Indian coru and clean cold water. Mr Yonghans fattens his hogs in a large yard or field, with a shelter in it to which they may retire to sleep. But Elder Turn- er says hogs should never know what liberty is ; but should be kept close all their lives, and as in- active as possible. That with this method double the quantity of pork can be ]>rodiK;ed with the same expense of food.'* Rubbing and currying the liides of hogs while fattening, is said to be of great advantage to there. It is not only very gratifying to the aniinals, but conducive to their health. It will be well, like- wise, in every stye to place a strong post for them to rub against. During the time of their fattening they should have plenty of litter, which will be a dinble advantage, providing for their comfort, and increasing the quantity of manure. Tlicre is a great advantage in boiling, steaming, or baking, ail sorts of food given to swine. The last American edition of the Domestic Eneyclo- liedia, infiirrns that a ' Mr Timothy Kirk, of Yorktowp, Penn. fetl one pig with boiled potatoes, ard Indian corn, and another with the same arti- " Memoirs of the New Yo»t Board of Agriculture, vo'.ii. pp. 39,40. Vol. TX.— No. 9. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 6d s unboiled. The two aniiimis were weighed ;ry week, and tlie dilTeieMce between iheui was 6 to 9. The experiment was contiiuied sever- wecks, anil the aninuils alternately fed on boiled il unboiled food, with a uniformity of result, lich sufficiently showed the very great profit sing from boiled food.' Steaming will answer as good a purpose as iling, and with a proper apparatus is more easily d cheaply eflected. Carrots, according to Arthur Young are better (d for swine than potatoes , and some other iters assure us that parsnips are better than her for feeding them. An English writer says, ley fatten all their pork in the island of Jersey, th parsnips. They are more saccharine than rrots, and it is well known that nothing fattens gs faster, or makes finer pork than the sugar lie.' Mr Young also asserts that ' the most )fitable method of converting corn of any kind o food for swine, is to grind it into meal, and V this with water in cisterns, in the jiroportions five bushels of meal to one hundred gallons of Iter, stirring it well several times a day, for three leks, in cold weather, or a fortnight in a warmer (son, by which time it will have fermented well |! become acid, till which it is not ready to give. \i mixture should always be stirred immediately |)re feeding, and two or three cisterns should |;ept fermenting in succession, that no necessity !• occur of giving it not duly prepared. The Judge Peters, also asserted that ' sour food is t grateful and alimentary to swine One gal- |lof sour wash goes farther than two of sweet.' Jlie sentiments, however, which are at least ap- ^ ntly in oppo.sition to the opinion of the above iiJrated agriculturists have been advanced by r writers. An Eng-lish work, entitled ' Farm- Calendar,' (.inthors name not given) declares much has been said, and little understood t purposely souring food for hogs. It is not acidity can possibly tend to making fat, but 'ound that pigs will readily fatten upon soil ther acesciint food, a sweetish taste and glu- s quality succeeding fermentation ; and that will do so still more reatlily upon such as ■ reached the acid state, I know, and have io hundreds of instances.' In order to re- le these writers it v.'ill only be necessary to t to the difl'erent stages of ordinary fermen- , and the products of each stage. The first of fermentation produces sugar, and is called iccharine fermentation. The te.-ond stage jpes alcohol, [spirit of wine] and is called inous fermentation. The third produces ir, and is called the acid fermentation ; and irth and last stage converts the matter fcr- iig into a substance, which is not only offen- but poisonous, and is called the putrid fer- lion. Thus if you soak wheat or other fari- us substance in water, of a proper temjiera- ; will first become sweet, and begin to sprout etate ; it will next afford spirit or alcohol ; ne the process the wash turns sour, at first y, and then more strongly aciil ; and at last lole becomes jnitrid. It pndiably contains ourishment when it is sweetest, but is valu- II very sour, when it is worth little or noth- nd when the putriil fermentation has coni- d it is worse than nothing, as food (or any The wash, then, should I e given to the vhilp it is yet sweet, or but beginning to be l^i IMPROVED COOKING GRATE. We have received a pamphlet, lately printed in Philadelphia, entitled ' S/jecification of a Patent for an Improved Cooking Grate, intended cldejlij for eooking by Means of Anthracite Coal. Granted es on his vines. Three or four years ago not a vine was raised there. The culture of I fruit trees is also extending. NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 17,183 0- numerous baskets of beautiful peaches, grapes, pears, me- and fine Spice Apples Ions, apples, &c, arranged in a very chaste and appropriate manner Much credit is due to the public spirit of h-.Ld- wards, Esq. of Springfield, Ms. a member oi the Society who, in addition to the pleasure his own company gave at the dinner table, enriched it witli ten baslhew Pierce, of Dover, Mr Samuel Lord, of Portsmouth, or the subscriber on the premises. June 11. WILLIAM FLAGG. 11 50 12 CO 14 00 15 f,0 70, 75 3 50! 3 50 19 00 20 00 12 25 12 60 12 00 12 £0 00 APPLES, new, . - barrel ASHES, poi, first sort, - - I ton. Pearl, first sort, - " i *' BEANS, while, - . haslu'l BEEF, mess, . barrel Cargo, No. 1, Cargo, No. 2 BUTTER, inspecled, No. 1, new, pound CHEESE, new milk. Skimmed milk, FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, . barrel Genesee, - Rye, best, GRAIN, Corn, - . bushel Rye, Barley, - . " 60 Oals, - . " 32 HAY, HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, HOPS, 1st quality. LLME, .... PLA ISTER PARIS retails al PORK, clear. Navy, mess. Cargo, IN'o. 1, . . SEEDS, Herd's Grass, Orchard Grass, Fowl Meadow, . Red Top {northern.) Lucerne, . . . W'liiie Honeysuckle Clover, Red Clover, (northern) WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, . Merino, full Wood, unwashed. Merino, mixed with Saiony, Merino, three fourths washed, Merino, half blood, McrlHO, quarter Native, washed, Pulled, Lamb's, first sort, - Pulied, Lamb's, second son. Pulled, " spinning, first sort, PROVISION MAUKET. connEcTEn evefv week bv mr h*ywakd, ' ( Clerk of Farmiil-hall Market.) BEEF, best pieces, . PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, MUTTON POULTRY. BUTTER, keg and tub, - Lump, best, EGOS, MEAL, R.ve, retail, Indian, retail, POTATOS.new CIDER, [according to qu pound KROK TO 2 00 3 00 115 00 120 00 133 00 135 00 90 10 00 10 50 8 50 9 00 6 50 6 70 10 13 6 7 3 5 5 50 5 87 5 25 5 62 lit.v.] pound. 8 •' 8 <• 6 *' 4 it 4 " 10 tt 11 <* IS dozen. 11 bushel. « 20 barrel. 3 50| 3 00 4 00 76 Brighton Market — Monday, Sept. 13. [Reported for tfie ChroDide and Patiiot.] At Market this day 737 Beef C»ttle, 670 Stores, 6187 Sheep, and 388 Swine. — Unsold al the close of the day about 75 Beef Cattle, 200 Stores, 900 Sheep and Lambs, and 200 Swine. Nearly 100 head of Beef Cattle were taken today by Mr Winchester, probably for barrelling, the first we have no- ticed this season. Prices as near as we could ascertain, as follows — for mess, $3,50 a 3,67, for No, 1, $3,00 a 3,17. Prices— Beef Cattle— From $3,00 to 4,50, those which brought 4,50 were extra Cattle, and were not many in number. Stores — About 3 or 400 were sold at quite low prices. Sheep and Lambs. — We noticed one lot, more than half old ones taken at 2,08, prices generally from 1,17 to 1,75. We noticed several lots taken at about $1,00. Swine. — One lot of 98 were taken at 4c ; several small lots at 4 a 4j — at retail 4 a 5c. Ehratum, — The lot of 400 Swine were taken last week at 4c instead of 4} as published. 72 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Sept. 17, 1830. MISCELLANIES THE COURSE OF CULTURE. BY T. G. FESSENDEN, ESa. SUNG ON FRIDAY LAST, AT THE SECOND ANNIVERSA- RY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SO- CIETY, TO THE TUNE ' AULD LANG SYNE.' Survey the world, through every zone, From Lima to Japan, In lineaments of light 't is shown That CULTURE makes the man. By manual culture one attains What Industry may claim, Another's mental toil and pains Attenuate his frame. Some plough and plant the teeming soil. Some cultivate the arts ; And some devote a life of toil To tilling heads and hearts. Some train the adolescent mind, While buds of promise blow, And see each pascent twig inclined The way the tree should grow. The first man, and the first of men. Were tillers of the soil ; And that was Mercy's mandate then. Which destined man to moil. Indulgence preludes fell attacks Of merciless disease. And Sloth extends on fiery racks Her listless devotees. Hail, horticulture! Heaven-ordained, Of every art the source, Which man has polished, life sustained. Since Time commenced his course. Where waves thy wonder-working wand What splendid scenes disclose ! The blasted heath, the arid strand. Out-bloom the gorgeous rose ! Even in the seraph -sex is thy Munificence descried ; And Milton says in lady's eye Is Heaven identified. A seedling, sprung from Adam's side, A most celestial shoot ! Became of Paradise the pride, And bore a world of fruit. The Lily, Rose, Carnation, blent By Flora's magic power. And Tulip, feebly represent So elegant a flower. Then surely. Bachelors, ye ought. In season to transfer Some sprig of this sweet 'touc H-iiE-rroT, To grace your own parterre ; And every Gardener should be proud. With tenderness and skill. If haply he may be allowed This precious plant to till. All that man ha=, had, hopes, can have. Past, promised, or possessed. Are fruits which culture gives or gave At industry's behest. What the bright sparkling of the finest eye To the soft soothing of a calm reply .' Can comeliness of form, or shape, or air, With comeliness of words or deeds compare ? No those at first the unwary heart may gain, But these, these only can the heart retain. Rowe's Art of Charming. For Sale, A valuable Farm at Lechmere Point; consisting of 30 acres— on the Craigie road, less than three miles from Boston. With a good two story house and barn thereon— a thriving young orchard and other fruit trees. For terms and other particulars, inquire of Wm E Payne, No. 5 Court -street. eptol Aug. 27 beauty. What is the blooming tincture of the skin To peace of mind, to harmony within.' DEATH BY HYDROPHOBIA. We copy the subjoined account of a death from this dreadful disease, from the last Char- lottesville (Va.) Advocate: Died, at his residence, about 8 miles from this place, on Wednesday last, Mr Wm. C. Wren, of Hydrophobia We are indebted to the politeness of a friend for the following particulars relative to this terrible disease : — Mr Wren was bitten in two places on the foot, by a strange dog, on the 7th of June last. Both wounds were much lac- erated, and one of them penetrated through the tendons on the upper surface of the foot to the bone. He felt no uneasiness about his situation, not supposing the dog to be mad. The wounds continued to heal regularly, and in a short time, were perfectly well. On tlie 15th inst., more than two months after the woimds were received, he felt some uneasiness in the foot, whieh grad- ually extended up the leg until it reached the body. He then had pain in the back, lower part of the abdomen, and some soreness about the throat. These symptoms, which continued with lit- tle variation, were ascribed by himself and friends to Rheumatism, or cold brought on by recent ex- posure to a shower of rain. By family prescrip- tion he was bled and took a dose of oil. The bleeding relieved his pains, and he supposed him- self nearly well, until on the evening of the 17th inst., while attempting to swallow some water he was immediately seized with spasms. He then for the first time became fully aware of his awful condition, and applied for medical aid. Tbe spasms continued to increase rapidly, and were much aggravated by the approach of any one to the bed side, or any sudden noise. Attempts were made by every means to get him to receive drink and food, but the approach of either, in any manner, immediately threw liim into the most violent agitation. In the intervals of the spasms, and even during their continuance, he retained perfect possession of all his mental faculties, until within an hour of his dissolution. He repeatedly invited his friends to his bed side to shake hands with him, assuring them that he was in full possession of his senses, and felt no disposition to do injury to any one. The spasms continued with increasing violence 21 hours, when death relieved him from the most awful sufferings we have ever witnessed. The recent events in France have revived the recol- lection of the dreadful use made of the lantern posts dur- ing the old Revolution. If a man were but suspected of being a royalist, the mob shouted ' a la lanterne' ' a la lanterne ,' and the unfortunate victim was hung across the first lantern-rod that presented itself. There was a strange levity mixed with the cruellies of that period. We recollect more than one instance where a witty ex- pression saved a man's life ; — as if a pun were an equiva- lent for human existence! The Abbe Maury had /alien in'o the hands of the enraged populace, and as usual, the cry was ' a la lanterne !' Arrived at a convenient place, they made their brief preparations for immediate execu- tion ; the Abbe turning round with a smile, said, ' Gentle- men, I am convinced you won't see any better for hang- ing me there.' The joke was received with acclama- tions ; his liie was saved; and he is now a Cardinal. Journal and Tribune. Saxon Sfieep. On Thursday the 23d day of September, at Hartford (to close a concern) will be sold by Publ.c Auction, an emire flock of superior full blooded Saxon Sheep, bred with care from the best stock imported by Messrs George & Thos Searle, in 182S and '26 ; consisting of U Rams, ^ Ewes, ' Kam Lambs, and 10 Ewe Lambs. Also the well known full blooded Durham Improved Shoi Horned Bull Wye Comet, unquestionably the best Bull America. W. WOODBRIDGE August 30, 1330. HENRV WATSON Seeds for Fall sowing. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Ne' England Farmer, 52 North Market-street A great variety of veget-ible seeds for fall sowintr, viz White Portugal Onion, Prickly or Fall Spinach, (growth of 1830,) Parsnips, Carrots, Black Spanish or Winter Ra dish— all warranted of the first quality. Sept. 10 Culture of Silk. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Newi England Farmer, 52 North Market-street— Essays on American Silk, and the best means of ren- dering it a source of individual and national wealth ; with Directions to Farmers for raising Silk Worms — By John D'Homergue, Silk Manufacturer, and Peter S. Du Pon- ceau— Price 62i cents. Also, Directions for the Rearing of Silk Worms, and the Culture of the White Mulberry Tree. Published by the Pennsylvania Society associated for the PromoiioD of those objects, (an excellent, plain, practical work.) Price 25 cents. Bees for Sale. Persons in want of prime swarms of Bees, or Beard') Patent Hives, can be supplied by Mr Ebenezer Beard of Charlestown. Purchasers of swarms are supplied with Beard's Patent Hives, gratis, for their own family tut only. The prices of swarms vary, according to their weight and quality. November and December is con- sidered the best time for removing the Bees ; they can be engaged, however, at any time previous. All orders, either for swarms, or for the Patent Hives only, left with J. B. Russell, at his Seed Store, No. 52 North Market street, Boston, will be faithfully executed. tf Sept. 10. J^ew Work on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer Office, No. 52 Nortt Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or, Farriery taught on a ne» and easy plan : being a treatise on all the diseases and accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the causes and symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies em- ployed for the cure in every case ; with instructions to the Shoeing-Smith, Farrier, and Groom, how to acquire knowledge in the art of Farriery, and the prevention of Diseases. Preceded by a popular description of the ani- mal functions in health, and showing the principles OD which these are to be restored when disordered. By John Hinds, Veterinary Surgeon. With considerable addition! and improvements, particularly adapted to this countij^ by Thomas M. Smith, Veterinary Surgeon, and Membei of the London Veterinary Medical Society. Price $1,25. Published every Friday, at §3 per annum, payable at the end of the year-but those who pay within sixty days from tbe time of subscribing, are entitled to a deduction of fifty cenll. (Ij= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts — by whoB all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet lb wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B. Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 62 Noitt Market Street. agents. New York—G. Thof.burn & Son, 67Liberly-strrel. Phi!adelphia-M. &, C Lakdketh. 85 Cheslnul-sireei. Baltimore— G. B. Smith, Office oflhe American Farmer. Albany — Hon. Jesse Buel. Flushing, N. Y. Wm. Prince & SoNS,Prop.Lia. Bot.GaiAl //ui(/e continticd. ARCHITECTURE OF THE HIVE BEE. .Vs the wax-workers secrete only a liniited quiDtity of wax, it is indispensably requisite tliei as little as possible of it should be consumed, that none of it should be wasted. Bees, there- fore, as M. Reaumur well remarks, have to solvt this Jifficuk geometrical problem : — A quantity ol wax being given, to form of it similar and < cells of a determinate capacity, of but the largesi siz3 n proportion to the quantity of matter em ployed, and in such a manner as to occupy ttf least possible space in the hive. This problem if solved by bees in all its conditions. The cylindn cal form woidd seem to be best adapted to ibt shapt of the insect"; but had the cells been cylii drical, they could not have been applied to eacl Vol.IX.— No. 10. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. )thcr without leaving n vacant and superfluous 4>ace between every three contiguous cells. Hail he cells, on the other hand, hcen t-(inare or triaugu- ar, they might have been coii.structed without un- leccssary vacancies ; but these forms would lave both required more material and been very msuitable to the shape of a bee's body. The six- lided form of the cells obviates erery objection; md while it fulfils the conditions of the problem, t is equally adapted with a cylinder to the shape 'f the bee. M. Reaumur further remarks, that the base of ach cell, instead of forming a plane, is usually omposed of three pieces in the shape of the dia- londs on playing cards, and placed in such a lanner as to form a hollow pyramid. This struc- iirc, it may be observed, imparts a greater degree f strength, and, still keeping the solution of the roblem in view, gives a great capacity with the mallest exi)enditure of material. This has actu- lly, indeed, been ascertainetl by mathematical leasurenient and calculation. Maraldi, the inven- ir of glass hives, determined, by minutely mea- iriug these angles, that the greater were 109° 8', and the smaller, 70° 32' ; and M. Reaumur, 3tng desirous to know why these particular ang- s are selected, requested M. Koanig, a skilful lathematician, (without informing him of his de- gn, or telling him of Maraldi's researches,) to de- irmine, by calculation, what ought to be the angle 'a six-sided cell, with a concave pyramidal base, irmed of three similar and equal rhomboid plates, 1 that the least possible matter should enter into i construction. By employing what geometri- ans denominate the iiifimtesimal calculus, M. Kce- g found that the angles should be 109° 26' for tie greater, and 70° 34' for the smaller, or about 10 sixtieths of a degree, more or less, than the ac- •al angles made choice of by bees. The equality I inclination in the angles has also been said to l-ilitate the construction of the cells. M. Huber adds to these remarks, that the cells I the first row, by which the whole comb is at- (;hed to the roof of a hive, are not like the rest ; 1- instead of six sides they have only five, of iiicli the roof forms one. The base, also, is in t;se difterent, consisting of three jfieces on the i:e of the comb, and on the other side of two : »e of these only is diamond shaped, while the ( lei- two are of an irregular four-sided figure. — wis arrangement, by bringing the greatest num- Ir of points in contact with the interior surfai'-e, sures the stability of tlie comb. — Library of En- tainins; Knowledge. Local Attachments. — The 35th number of Silli- m'.s Journal of Science, in an article under the ad of' Architecture of the United States,' has following just remarks: Place in a village a handsome public monument, pillar, or church, and I do not hesitate to say, It all other things beings equal, those villagers be bound more to one another, and to their lage, than those of another. Place by another group of trees, with a fountain playing in their dst; have beneath them tasteful seats, and make 1 place to which experienced age and prattling uncy will go for company or amusement ; a spot ere the villagers will assemble in the evening • cheerfid conversation, and I venture to say It these people will love their homes more, and nk less of changing ; will improve them more; !t they will be wiser ; that their taverns will be less frequented, and that every good feeling will more prevail among them, than woidd havi! been the case without. Place in n town or city, a si)Ot with pleasant trees, and pleasant walks between, u spot which would serve as an agreeable prome- nade, and the feelings of that people will flow in a kinder and smoother channel ; there will be more happiness than there would have been otherwise. It is a delightful amusement to saunter along the Frcuch prome7iades ahaut sunset, and observe the hap])y groups of all ages that throng tlietn ; to watch the rapid sale of bouquets, at the platforms which line the sides ; (flowers are only admitted there.) As an American looks at the cheerful scene, he must think with pain of his own cities, where' everything seems calculated for dtdl labor, or lynx-eyed gain. It is doubtless owing, in some degree, io the provision of such places in foreign countries, that their natives resort less to taverns for amusement than with us ; and that intoxication consequently is less frequeiuly seen. ' The French have their Boulevards ; the Span- iards their Prado ; the Italian their Corso ; all of these have their public gardens ; and we — we have our tippling shops, the bane and disgrace of our land, and Shall have them, I fear, till we provide more innocent places of resort. All attempts to check this current of feeling are vain ; the stream must flow ; and if we give it a channel, v^'ill re- fresh and beautify the land it would otherwise have desolated and destroyed.' Unhealthy Vegetables. — A writer in the Albany Argus, after speaking of the unhealthiness of sal- ads and fruits brought from a distance, and ke|)t on hand sometime by the market people, has the following remarks : ' And what is the remedy for the evil ? In the first place, let us be guided by the law of nature, which teaches, that evert/ district, under sxiitahle cidlurc, will produce the food best adapted io the xcants of its population, and that the climate will bring it to maturity at the period when it is best adapted to promote human health and comfort. In the second place, those who are able should culti- vate fruits and vegetables for their own tables. In the third place, enable your horticultural soci- ety, by a general and liberal patronage to extend the sphere of its usefulness ; require them to award premiums to market gardeners, for the best pro- ductions of their labor ; buy of those who gather their vegetables in the morning of the day in which tliey are to be consumed, and let these not be sold in the streets after eight o'clock ; and finally, let a competent person be authorised to inspect the fruit and vegetable stalls, and to con- demn and destroy all which is in an unsound and unhealthy state.' The effects of Moonlight on the Ei/es— The effect of moonlight on the eyes, jjarticularly in warm climates, is extremely injurious, and oftentimes fatal to the sight. Carues, in his letters from the east, says that he came near losing his sight from neglecting the advice of the natives, to cover his eyes when he slei)t exposed to the moonbeams ; and a case came within our observation, where a child lost his sight by sleeping exposed to the moon. The other senses of this child became, however, as is generally the case with those who lose one, extremely acute, insomuch that he could at any time distinguish a person who had once been made known to him, by feeling his hand. — iMag. of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge. L'trge Peach Orchard — Mr .Tones, ofShrews- bm-y, N. J. has one hundred and fifty acres of ground entirely in peach trees. His fruit is daily selling in the New York market. An OT^s gall will set any color, — silk, cotton, or woollen. I have seen the colors of calico, which faded at one washing, fixed by it. Where one lives near a slaughter-house, it is worth while to buy cheap fading goods and set them in this way. The gall can be bought fur a few cents. Get out all the liquid and cork it up in a large phial, One large spoonful of this in a gallon of warm water is suflicient. This is likewise excellent for taking out spots from bombazine, bombazct, &c. After being washed in this, they look about as well as when new. It must bo thoroughly stirred into the water, and not put upon the cloth. — :It is used without soap. After being washed in this, cloth which you want to clean should be washed in warm suus, without using soap. — Econ. Housewife. Foivls and Ducks. — Every man who keeps a pig should keep fowls. Three or four hens and a cock will prove no small addition to a poor man's stock ; and a few potatoes and peelings, with the rim of the I)ig's trough, which they will always keep clean, will be all they will i-cquirc in tho summer; but to make them lay eggs, when eggs are valuable, they must be well fed with oats, barley-meal, or Indian corn ; have a dry ])Iace to roost in, to shelter them in wet weather; and be kept quite clean. Young pullets, 9 or 10 mouths old, are the best for laying in winter. Ducks are both useful and profitable : they clear nway a deal of unsightly offal, will travel a great distance from home in search of food, require but little at home, and lay a great number of eggs ; but they are not good mothers, and seldom rear half their brood, when there are many hedges and ditches In the neighborhood ; they likewise very frequently drop their eggs in the water, if not carefully watched and shut up when expected to lay. A hen an-, swers better for a mother to ducklings than their natural one. Not less than a drake and two ducks should be kept. — Loudon. GoMBO — Recipe. — Take an equal quantity of young tender okra, chopped fine, and ripe toma- toes skinned, and add an onion shredded sinall, and some pepper and salt. Put all in a stew pan, without water, and stew for an hour. This is a favorite West India dish.-.-.^m. Farmer. Several of the Clergy of this city, on Sunday last, in their sermons, spoke in appropriate terms of the late celebration, and did justice to the memories of the early settlers of New England, We have heard the sermon of Dr Clianning, who preached in Federal-street on Sunday for the first time for many weeks, highly commended. This eminent preacher, it is stated, will spend the win- ter in the Island of Cuba. — Boston Gazdt;. The single track of rail road from Baltimore to Ellicott's mills had been travelled on just 16 weeks, on the 16th inst. and the receipts are nearly $17,000. 100 stone cutters and stone masons are wanted on the 1st and 2d divisions of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail road. Two Thompsonian quacks, in Madison county have been bound over, for killing a young man by their system of steam doctoring. 76 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Sept. 24, 1830. SILK. We were invited yestenlay to view the silk establishment in Pine street, under the direction of Mr D'Honiergue. In the rear of the house is tlie reeling do[)artiiiciit ; tiiis being one of the most dif&ult processes in the whole business, is especi- ally worthy of notice. From the number of reels, we should suppose that a vast quantity of silk might be wound in a day ; and heaps of cocoons show that the work is not closed. In the iipiier part ol" the dwelling, M. D'llomer- gue had fitted up a neat light loom, in which he had placed the white warp for weaving a piece of bilk resembling in some degree the Florence. We noticed that the warp had not l)een ihrowsted owing to the want of a suitable machine — workmen who understand the business are to be found — yet such is the exellent quality of the American silk, that it had retained its smoothness notwithstanding the boiling which it had all sustained, and the dying process to which a part had been submitted. • We learned iVom Mr Duponceau, to whose liberality the country is indebted fur the establisl inent, that he was particularly fortunate in securing the services of Messrs Le Due & Landslierg, dyers, whose colors for silks have all the brilliancy and permanency of those of Italy and France. Mr D'll. was weaving a large and splendid Uni- ted States flag, which, when finished, will be a truly gratifyingspeciinen of American manufactine. The smoothness and polish of its texture, and the brilliancy of its colors, are imsurpassed by any silk imported ; yet the whole of this ah ova, to speak literally, from the egg, is .'American. — U. S. Gazelle. arc told, to the previous pains taktii to enrich the soil by plentiful additions of suitable compost. Were the same policy pursued by the owners ' of large iarins, there would be little need of em- igrating from the New Englatid to the Western states ; for the very tracts which now under a careless system of culture barely afford susten- ance for a single family, might be niaile to support three or four — and that too, with much less ' toil and trouble,' in proportion to the quantity culti- vated. Many of our farmers grasj) at the manage- ment of too spacious a territory — the consequence is, they impose upon themselves a state of slavery : they accumidate nothing, except now and then an additional patch of waste land, which serves only to increase their burthens without augunienting their income. Were they on the contrary to con- fine their exertions to smaller sj)ots, while their crops could be rendered equally if not more abundant, they would themselves enjoy lile better — become more independent, and with their usual share of sagacity and frugality, triore wealthy : they would acquire time tti institute experiments, and to exandne improvements; they wonkl attain what they now scarcely ever possess — leisure — whereby we mean not the privilege of l)eing lazy — but that sort of leisure which poor Richard de- scribes as 'time for doing soinething useful' — time for study, for reflection, for familiar converse, for looking after the education of their ycung — in short, for realizing the blessings after which they are constantly toiling. We are no practical farm- er— l>ut, according to the proverb, ' a wink from a blind horse' is sometimes serviceable. ithaUnitod Slates Literary Adv FARMING. Those who have strictly investigated the sub- ject, consider largo farms comparatively less |iro- ductive than small ones; while they at the same lime impose upon their owners a degree of labor much greater in proportion than would seem to be required by the mere difference of size. The cause, it is thought, lies altogether in the difftjr- ence of management. A farmer in moderate circumstances, with fifty or sixty acres of lanil, for instance, will bring every inch of it into a high state of cultivation — the labor employed in jireparing his grounds will be more than doubly compensated in his subsequent exemption from toil ; while the owner of a wide spread Territory of three or four hundred acres, which he has but sparingly sujiplied with nourishment, must work raore sedulously upon every acre during the pro- gress of vegetation, and, after all, reap but a meagre and inadequate harvest. As a single acre BEES When bees begin to build their hive, they divide themselves into bands, one of which produces ma- terials for the structure ; another works upon these, and forms them into a rough sketch of tlie dimen sions and partitions of tlie cells. All this is com- pleted by the second band, who examine and ailjnst the angles, remove the superfluous wax, and give the work its necessary perfection ; and a third band brings provisions to the laborers, who cannot leave their work. But no distribution of fo d is made to those whose charge, in collecting propolis and pollen, calls them to the field, because it is supposed they will hardly forget themselves ; neither is any allowance made to those who begin the architecture of the cells. Their province is very troublesome, because they arc obliged to level and extend, as well as cut and adjust the wax to the dimension required ; but then they soon obtain a dismission from this labor, and retire to the fields to regale them.selves with food, and wear off their fatigue with a more agreeable emjdoyment. Those of land highly cidtivated, can be made to yield a | ^bo succeed them, draw their mouth, their feet, crop equal to three or four acres scantily prepar- I and the extremity of their body, several times over ed ; it must be ebvious, t1iat the extra labor in ; all the work, and never desist till the whole is dres,ving the former is abundantly more than saved polished and completed ; and as they frequently by the diminished labor in attending it. A strik- . „eed refreshments, and yet are not permitted to re- ing exemplification of this fact may be viewed by | tj,.c, there are waiters alwt.ys attending, who serve any of our farmers, who will take the trouble to I ,l,em with provisions when they require thetn visit the grounds attached to the House of Indus- 1 Xiie laborer who has an appetite, bends down his try at South Boston— there, they may have the j „.,,„k i„,fo,.e the caterer, to intimate that he has ai theory and the illustration directly before their [ jisdination to eat, upon which t!ie other opens hi; eyes. Those grounds, it is said, have produced this season, from three to four tons of hay per acre — which is three or four times the quantity of ordinary crops. So exuberant was the grass, that there actually was not room, upon the surface where it grew, sufficient for the pur|)ose of ma- king the hay. And thia we^s entirely owing as we bag of honey, and pours out a few drops; these may be distinctly seen rolling through the whole of his trunk, which insensibly swells in every part the liquor flows tlirough. When this little repast is over, the laborer returns to his work, and 1 body and feet repeat the same motion as before JLib. of Ent. Knowledge. MILK PANS. A writer in Poulson's Daily Advertiser, has the following remarks on the properties of ndlk pans. .; 'The pans used in this country are made either of tinned iron, glazed earthen, or stone ware. Tiu perhaps less objectionable than any other spe- cies of metal, at least of all such as can be applied this use; but no metallic vessel whatever ould be allowed to enter the walls of a well regulated dairy. A tiu pan becomes a galvanic a(>|iaiatus the tnoment an acidulated fluid is pour- ed into it ; besiiles which, if the seams are closed with solder, a poison is soon generated by the acid of the milk, and if closed by lapping, the cut eilge exposes the iron to the same influence. Tinned vessels soon communicate a disagreeable taste, and even smell to water — distilled water! how unfit then for preserving such a fluid as milk. The earthenware pans arc generally glazed with lead, which renders tin vessels, (improper and dirty as they are and must be) very iireferable indeed. Here then we have a direct mineral poison (which, in the very smallest quantities produces sickness) lining the whole of that surface which is in imme- diate contact with the milk. 1 would as soon drink vinegar that had been boiled in a copper saucepan as to use butter or cream that has re- mained twelve hours in a glazed earilien vessel. ' To the slone ware, I can sec no possible objec- tion ; on the contrary, I am thoroughly convinced iVom theory, that it alone, is the proper material for milk pans. Consider it as you will, its supe. rior fitness for this jjurpose is evident. The most highly concentrated acids have no effect upon it; the chemists daily avail themselves of this capital substitute for glass, of which the faces are coin« poseil, an absolute vitrification taking place during their baking by means of salt. Stone ware milil pans then, are the proper ones, and I shall here- after conclusively demonstrate that stone ware oi glass is the only proper material for such vessels as are intended to preserve butter and a variety of objects wholesome in themselves, but rendered deleterious by being prepared or being allowed to remain in improjier vessels.' From the New York Evening Post. TO AGRICULTURISTS. The season has now arrived when the fanners are pre|)aringto sow their winter grain. The wri« ter of this article has experienced the efficacy of slack lime, as a manure on ground that was en- tirely worn out, |)rodL'cing nothing but five-fingered leaves and weeds. The ground was tilled, and 40 bushels to the acre wa-- spread over it. It was seeded with grain, and timothy and clover were sown at the satne time. It yielded me a fine crop. I mowed the same five years without ad- iling any manure. The second manuring was still more efficacious, when CO to 80 bushels was used. Forty bushels is as much as ought to be used the first time. I know of a farm hi New Jer» sey, in a lime stone country, completely worn out, The most that could be obtained for it was fifteen dollars jicr acre. I presume the purchaser would not now sell it for fifty dollars per acre. It is en- tirely renewed by lime, and it is a pleasure to look over it. The advantage of using lime is, you insure to yourself a certain crop, unless the season is very unfavorable. Ground which has not yielded wheat for many years now [iroduces fine crops. lo one instance, fortyfive bushels per acre has been Vol. IX.— Xo. 10. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 77 roiliiccJ tliis sea.^oii. Your grain of every kind fill be at least iloiihle, in many instances treble, 'our i)astnrcs will be very abundant — you may ouble and treble your stock of cattle. If yon lave more pasture than yon want, |)lou:,'li under our clover — it will mellow and very mucli cnricli our jrround. Tlie farmer will then reap abun- lantlv, ami the old cry of i)oiir crops will be ilenc'ed. A FARMER. day. The carte of this restaurant among other things, contained the following — filet de lion, saute dans sa glaee, malilotte de serpens, boa u la tartare, fraise de lion a la pouleite, pieds do lioii farcis, lion fraise aux pclits pois, &c. LONGEVITY. The climate of some ('istricts in Yorkshire, iLngland, is remarkably salubrious, and, as a proof f it, a writer in the London Wesleyaii Magazine or July states, that out of 300 persons who enter- d a benefit society in 1772, some of whom at the ime were upwards of fifty years of age, only waive had deceased in 1794. The same writer Iso transcribes the following account of Henry enkins, a native of Yorkshire, which was written ly a Mrs Anne Saville, and first imhlished in the ear 1752. Jenkins, we believe, is the oldest man n record, who was born since the times of the eluge. He was distinguished for temperance. 'When I came first to live at Bolton,' says Mrs laville, ' 1 was told several particulars of the great l^e of Henry Jenkins, but I believed little of the lory foy many years, till one day, he confuig to ;g alms, I desired him to tell me truly how old ,! was. He paused a little, and then said, that to e best recollection he was about 162 or 163. I iked what kings he remembered. He said, 'lenry VIII.' I asked what public thing he ( uKl longest remember. He said, ' Floddenfield,' ! asked whether the king was there. He said, ''o ; he was in France, and the earl of Surrey MS general.' I asked him how old he might be t'n. He said. 'I believe I might be between ten «d twelve ; for I was sent to Northallerton with a Irse load of arrows, but tliey sent a bigger hoy fini thence to the army with them. All this teed with the history of that time; for hows and a ows were then used. The Earl he named was gieral, and king Henry VIII was then at Tour- B'. And yet it is observable that this Jenkins c Id neither read nor write. There were also • ror fivo in the same parish that were reputed I' them to be 100 years old, or within two or I ■!! years of it ; and they all said, he was an ^l.rly man ever since they knew him, fur he was .a ill another parish, and before any registers in churches, as it is said. He told me then, It he was butler to Lord Conyer.s, and re- ; nil. red the Abbot of Fountain Abbey very well, e ].: the dissolution of the monasteries. Henry Jenkins departed this life December, 0, at EUerton-upon-Swale, in Yorkshire: the le of Floddenfield was fought September 9th, 1 ; and he was then about twelve years ohi ; hat tins Henry Jenkins lived 162 years, (six- onger than old Parr,) and was the oldest man 1 upon the ruins of this |)0stdiIuvian world. ood ripe fruit, it is said, has superseded pas- at the Philadelphia dinner tables. In Boston have ripe fruit and pastry together, in the )e of peach dumplings. If prcrperly done, with 1 sauce, they are very ' nice,' as the Frugal isewife would say. To Preserve dead Game. — The Journal des Con- naissances Usuellos states that if the entrails, &c, of the ga;ne to be preserved betaken out, the in- side filled with wheat, and the hare or bird after- wards placed in a heap of wheat, so as to be com- pletely covered, it will keep fresh for two or three months. The skin or feathers should not be taken off. The Rich not to be envied. — The poor do not have the dyspepsia, the rich do. The healthy poor may consume as much superjjne Jlour as they can get, while the dyspeptic rich are condemned to hran. mmw J2sr^:^iisr2) ®i\i2saiai3» BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 2 4,1830. H/eiff Dishes. — The Corsaire, a French jiaper, 1 — 'One of the outposts of the French army at lers killed two snakes and a lion, which they to the floating restaurant on the following PRESERVING CABBAGES. Mr M'Mahon, recoumiends the following meth- od for preserving cabbages, for winter and sprincr use. Immediately previous to the setting in of hard frost, take up your cabbages and savoys, ob- serving to do it in a dry ept. 24, 1930. No. 36 Broad Street. Agricultural JVotice. 'he members of the Worcester Agricultural Society Ihereby notified, that a semi-annual meeting of said iety, will be held at Thomas' Hall, in Worcester, on rsday, the 7th day of October next, at eleven o'clock, re noon, for the admission of members and the tians- Dn of other business, at which place they are requested dually to attend. WILLIAM D. WHEELER, Eec. Scc'y. 'orcester, Sept. 18, 1830. Gra.is Seeds. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North M.irket street, .\ large assortment of Seeds of the vaiious grasses cul- tivated in New England, viz; HERDS GRASS ; RED TOP; ORCHARO GRASS; TALL MEADOW OATS GRASS; FOWL MEADOW GRASS; LUCERNE; or FRENCH CLOVER; RED CLOVER; WHITE HONEYSUCKLE CLOVER; also WINTEK WHEAT, from Genesee, BUCKWHEAT, FL.VX, MILLET, FIELD PEASE, and 14 varieties of the most esteemed FIELD TURNIP SEED, cultivated in Europe and America, all warranted ot the first quaUty, and at the customary market prices. Aug. 13. Chloride of Soda. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the N. E. Farmer, 52 North Market-street — A few dozen bottles of Chloride of Soda, for preserving meat, removing offensive smells, neutralizing pestilential exhalations, and destroy- ing contagion ; prepared by the New England chemical coTnpany for Lowe and Reed. This valuable article is particularly described, page 390 of this week's New Eng- and Farmer.— Price $1,00 per bottle, with directions. JVeto JVork on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer Office, No. 52 North Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or. Farriery taught on a new and easy plan : being a treatise on all the diseases and accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the causes and symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies em- ployed for the cure in every case ; with instructions to the Shoeing-Smith, Farrier, an}iant — yea, in the same way, out of the rude materials of broken seeds and roots, and leaves of plants, and bits of animal flesh, is built up the hil. man frame itself, whether of the'active male, com. biniiig gracefulness with strength, or of the gentler v\ Oman, with beauty around her as light. How passing strange that such should be the origin of the bright human eye, whose glance pierces as if the invisible soul were shot with it — or the lipi which pour forth sweetest eloquence — of the la. rynx, which by vibrating, fills the surrounding air with mnsic: and more wonderful than all, of thai mass shut up within the bony fortress of the scull, whose delicate and curious texture is the abode of the soul, with its reason which contemplates, and its sensibility whicli delights in these and endlesi other miracles of creation. A sailor who had been round the world with Capt. Cook, returned in safety to his native village. Of course, it was supposed that he must know more than anybody else ; the whole village gathered round him to a.sk ques- tions. He seemed to have little to say lor himself, 'till someone asked him, il the world was round ? Then with a tone of authority, he exclaimed, 'As to that, I'll tell you what itis; they say the world is round — but I've been all round it, and I'll be if it an't as flat as (his table'! At the time Mr. Peale was exhibiting his beautiful picture of the Court of Death in this city, he sent thi late Rev. Dr. Osgood a ticket, on which was inscribed, *Admit the bearer to the Court of Death ;' the old gen- tleman never having heard of the picture, was utterly Published every Friday, at g3 per annum, payable atth« end of the year-but those who pay within siity days from tb« time of fub.icribing, are entitled to a deducticn of fifty centi. 53= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment being made in advance. Printed for J. 15. Russell, by I. R. Butts— by whom all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet tbi wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B. RussF.LL, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Worlli Market Street. AGENTS. A'ac York—G. Thof.burk & Son, G7 Liberty-street. PhUadelphia— 1). (i. C Landketh. 85 Cheslnul-slreel. Bixllimore — G. B. Smith, Office oflhe American Farmer. A'bawj — Hon. Jesse I!uel. Flushing, N. Y. Wm. Prince & SoNs,Prop. Lin. Bot.Gard* Hartford — GoonwiN & Sons. Halifa.r,y. S.— P. J. Holland. Esq. Recorder Offic«. Montreal, L. C — A. BowMAF,Booksell«r, NEW i^ PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at ithk AGiticuLTfRiL Warkiiouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. NO. 15. VOL IX. BOSTOIV, FRJDAY, OCTOBER 1, 183 O. ^©sasawsfstvSiisaissfSa Mr Fesse.nde.n — Among the miseries of the Fftt-mer and the Gardener tliere an; none so |iro- okiiig, none so iiijurions to the peace, and the eiujicr, as bad seeds and inisnamcd fruit trees. ViMOii^' the causes of the l:iUer, the iiio.«t i)r()m- nent is the .sell-coiifiileiice in personal sUill, and udgniont of fruits by tlieir bark and buds. Let hose wlio feel tliis contiilence, take warning by he following e.vamples of recent occurrence. Is it true, as I have understood from high au- oritv, that pear scions of Mr Knight's last trans- lission have been mistaken, even at that most ccurate establishment, the Linnoean Garden at lushing, fnr apple scioni*, and inserted as such uriiig the last year? If this is not so, I shall glad to be undeceived. It is true that an old, experienced, well educated irdeuer inserted apple scions on a pear stock of* 5 years old, and the error was never detected till pear shoot slarteii below. It is true, that an curate, cautious, and thoroughly experienced Itivator, after duo examination, took an unmark- pear scion for an a[)ple and inserted it as such, lese three facts have come to my notice. If ;n very carefid and observing men have mis- en two distinct species for each other, how can feel any confidence in those who would haz- the sending varieties of the same fruit on the y fluctuating criteria of bark and buds ? We 3e there are no suih bold men now, jind tliat race ceased with the pomologist, who, vritli list in his pocket, scorned to consult it. AGRICOLA. FOR THE HEW ENGLAHO FARUEK. ST MICHAEL PEARS. R FessENDKn — In the 6th No. page 41, of the ;ent volume of your useful paper, I observe a grjiph over the signature of a ' Subscriber,' enting ' the unfruitfulness and the decay of St Michael IVar Trees, of which he has a siderable miml)er of different ages, and almost very size on his farm ; and inquiring what be the prol)able cause of tlieir unproductive- .' It is difficult even to conjecture what is cause, without a more definite knowledge of r aspect and situation ; whether growing in >n sward, or under tilth, whether they have been bearers, or have recently become so. I \ make his own deductions. The trees are growing on a fight sandy soil, and amnially cultivaterl as a | kitchen ganlen. From the precocity of bearing in this variety, and theii abmulant bearing, the in- ference may be fairly drawn, that they are not of long duration, and others ought to be coming on ill sucrepsion. I send you herewith, a small samjilc, that yon may judge, if the fruit has so deteriorated, what it may have been in the ' green tree.' The sample sent is selected ; the whole produce are not eiiually large. Yours, very respectfully, ST MICHAEL. Plymouth, Sept. 27, 1S30. TH kTuPIN. ~ Mr Fessexden — Inclosed is the seed of the Lupin Bean, used as a manure for the soil in Ma- deira and the Western Islands. I believe it is not uidike a flower, which is often seen in gardens and flower pots in this country. The seed I forward to you was received lately from the Western Islands by Mr Smith, of Singsing, N. Y. It is said by the gentleman from whom they were received, that this bean is extensively used there as a dressing for land, and is much valued. It issowel in October, and in April, when in the white flower, it is ploughed in. Perhaps in this climate it would not do so well as where the wint- ers are ■milder. I do not know that you will be at all interested in th 3 plant, but 1 take the liberty to inclose the seed, jnd giic you a statement of facts. They were kindly given to me by the above named gentleman, and shi uld any more particular information be desired by yourself or any of your readers, a letter directed to James Smith, Singsing, N. Y. will bo cheerfully acknowledged. Mr Smith is interested in the subject of agricul- tural iini)rovement, and would be haj)j)y to spread llirough the country in which he resides, or ihrough New England, any useful information vhich he may possess. G. D. A. Remarks by the Editor — Lupin is a genus (f plants comprising a great many species, most eriod of time, every |iart accessible to the plough lias been in tillage ; and, with the excc[)tion of selected patches, sliifted for flax, un!;iwcll, Jiforthaaipton. NathaftW Davenport, Mitton. B. H. Derbv, Salem. Samuel Downer, Dorchester. Oliver Fisko, ITorcestcr. B. V. French, Boston. J. M.Gourgas, Westm. T W. Harris, M. D. Milton. Samuel Jaques, Jr.CVinrleslolim Jot.G. Joy, Boston. William Kenrick, Jfcwton. . PROFESSOR OF BOTANY AND VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. Malthcs a. Ward, M. D. professor of entomology. T. W. Harris, M. D. PROFESSOR OF HORTICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. J. W. Webster, M. D. STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCIL. ON FRUIT TREES, FRUITS, &C. Elias Phinney, Chairman. Samuel Downer, Oliver Fiske, Robert Manning, Charles Senior, Elijah Vose, Wm. Kenrick, E. M. Richards. ON THE culture AND PRODUCTS OF THE KITCHEN GARDEN. Daniel Chandler, Chairman. Jacob Tidd, Aaron D. Williams, John B. Russell, Nathaniel Seaver, Leonard Stone. 05 ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, and green-houses. Robert L. Emmons, Chairman. Jonathan Winshiv, Joseph G. Joy, David Haggebston, George W. Pratt. on the library. H. A. S. Dearborn, Chairman. John C. Gray, Jacob Bigelow, T. W. Harris, E. H. Derby, Zebedee Cook, Jr. committee on the SYN0NYME9 OF FRUITS. John Lowell, Chairman. Samuel G. Perkins, Samuel Downer. executive committee. Samuel Downer, Chairman, George W. Brimmer, Charles Tappan, J. B. Russell, Elijah Vose. The following Gentlemen were admitted a3 Mem bers of the Society. Richard Fletcher, Boston. Joseph B. Joy, " Samuel H. Bradford, " Robert T. Paine, " Leverett Saltonstall, Salem. Russell Freeman, JVeu) Bedford. John Mackay, Boston, Edward Eldridge, " John Williams, Cambridgeport. S. P. Hildrktii, of Marietta, Ohio, was elected an honorary member. Voted, That the alterations which hare from time to time been made in the Constitution ar.d By-Laws, with a correct list of all the members and standing Committees of the Society, be appended to the An- niversary Address. The following letter from S. P. Hillreth, Esq., addressed to the President, was read. It was ac- companied with a drawing of a fine Seedliag Pear, i to which ths Society was requested by the writer, to affix a name, and they accordingly gave it that of the BuRLINGAME. JTo General Dearborn — Dear Sir — From your known attachment ind devotion to the culture of fine fruits, made known to me through the medium of the N. B. Fariier, I take the liberty of forwarding to you the drawing and description of a pear, which 1 think dcseives to be preserved among the native friiiti of jur common country. The drawing was made by myself, but I i)raclise the art so seldom tha. it lacks much of the nicety of a good artist, thoigh yon may rely on it as correct. The seed fiom which this pear originated was collected by the wife of Mr C. Burlingame, a daughter of the ate Gen. Rufus Putnam, in New Jersey as early as the year 1790, and saved among other scids from tVuits eaten on their journey from Masa- dmsetts to Marietta. These seeds were plant;d the following winter in a nursery ami trans|)lanlNl in t\ue time into an orchard on the Ohio botton a mile below Marietta. This tree happened to le planted on the base of a poor clayey hill, at tie extremity of a row ; its growth was tardy audit was not known to be a jiear tree until it producid fruit in its 14th or 18th year — since then it has been a regular bearer and free from the bligh, so ruinous to all other jiear trees in this part 'f Ohio. The following is a description of the friit &c. (The drawing is accurate as to size of fnit and leaf.) Tree ]>yramidal, with a broad base — Wool strong, light brown inclined to green, sprinkled with numerous light colored, fine dots — Leaves large on the young wood ; oval, pointed and nearly fiat, with a finely serrated margin — Petioles, long and strong — leaves numerous about the fruit buds, from two to six on each bud, but smaller than on- the young wood. Fruit medium size ; skin when ripe, yellow, with fine green dots and on the lawny side of a rich crimson — surface smooth^ with slight longituilinal depressions — Flesh melt- ing, white, very juicy, sugary and delicious; in eating from the middle of July to the Inst of August, best when ripening on the tree, but very good if gathered when liard and ripened in tiiB house; a great and constant bearer. This pear is probably of the Bergamot family, impregnated with the golden Beiirre or Crassamie. 1 can find no pear in Coxe'svvorii which answers to tbis. — If you know a more proper name than the one given by me please suggest it. Fruits of most kinds, suitable to this climate were early and extensively cultivated. The tree, grew most luxuriantly, and bore fruit when very young. 1 have seen pears of the variety called ' pound pear,' weigh 36 or 38 ounces — but mojl of the trees are either dead or in a perishiug I condition. The last spring, or early part of sum. nier has been rather the most ruinous to pe«r trees of any since 1S2-2— many of ihem died ; Lui latf^rly the young trees had been (piite hcaltlij, I view it as a disease of plethora. The tree becomes from its luxuriant growth too full of sap, and a sudden check to its circulation by cold, or a de- pression of 30 or 40 degrees of temperature,iii the latter part of May or June, when the juice.- circulate more rapidly, is certain to be followeo by what is called ' blight.' Trees planted In a pool, hard, clayey or gravelly soil, I have noticed are much more healthy, than those in a rich soil, &ti especially if highly manured. Doubtless soon I trees perish by the ravages of the ' Scolytus Pyri, but for one by this insect, ten die by blight «i pletliora, in this vicinity. I have examined man) trees for this purpose, but could never find oii: whose disease could be attributed to this iiisec: Plums and Nectarines, are tormented by itt puncturing instruments of the little cnrculio, mi in my orchard have as yet set at defiance my plans for their preservation. I have tried paving iintlt! the trees extensively, but without benefit. M, next trial will bo with sulphur and soap sui! thrown over the Icavesand fruit, through the mom! ofMav. It is to be hoped your Horticultural Socii ties, will raise a sufficient bounty to enconra; some one to give full attention to the matter till remedy is found. I have the stones of a wi' plum, whose fruit is the size of a moden: peach, brought IVom near Granville in this slii The tree is small, and a regular bearer. If thi do well I can furnish you some of the scions, «i also sonic from the Burlg Pear, if you wish I them. Being a cultivator and admirer of fc flowers, I am aii.xious to obtain a few seeds the Clarkia Pulchella and Schizanthus iiinnali sent to your Society, last spring, from Paris, the plants have ripened their seeds, a few mig he sent in a letter, by mail. We have sevet handsome wild flowers, cultivated in my gariit from which I could furnish seeds — two or ihr' varieties of Phlox, as many Perennial Dtlphiniw &c, which could Ik; furnished in exchange for tar of your exotics, without much trouble. Wishing you continual health, and abuiidi' satisfaction in your horticultural pursuits, I reim your friend. S. P. IIILDRETH Marietta, Ohio, Sept. 2, 1830. Vol.lX.— No. 11. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 83 ^ The Society was then adjourned to Saturday, the J5th inst ____^ Of the general princijilcs of reni-ing, managing and feeding domestic animals. Immediately at'ler the birth of every niiiiiial, even >f such as arc domesticated, the nidimcnis of its ducation, as well as its boilily nourisliiuent, are ccessarily given by the mother. For this purposo lie latter should, during her pregnancy, have Iteen aily protected against all extremes of temperature ell provided with shade and shelter, and nhnnd- ntly supplied with food and water. When the eriod of gestation arrives, she should, in general, Iso be separated from the rest of the flock or herd, nd by whatever means the case may demand, kept jnifortable and tranquil. After the birtli, the first interference on the part man should be that of supplying the mother ith food of a light and delicate quality, compared that which she had been in the haliit of using, id also of administering the same description of od to the oftspring, so far as it may by its nature able to use it. The gentlest treatment should company these operations ; and the op])ortunity ten of familiarizing both parent and offspring th mail, by gently <;aressiMg them, or at least, familiar treatment on the part of the attend- Astlie animal increases in size and strength, they •>u\A have abundauce of air, exercise, and food, J|:ording to their natures ; and whatever is at- Biipted by man in the way of taming or teaching S)uld he conducted on mild and conciliating prin- <5 les, rather than on those of harshness and com- |l,-ion. Caresses, or familiar treatment, should ||ierally be accompanied by small supplies of food, 1 1 east at first, as an inducement to render the ( Imal submissive to them ; afterwards habit will, <( 11 in the inferior creation, render the faniiliari- li; of man agreeable to them for their own sake ; h even tlien, to keep up these feelings, small por- fiis of select food should frequently be employed • a re ward. By contrasting this method with 4t of taming or teaching animals by fear or com- ision, the advantages of the former mode will evident. nterest is the grand mover of animals, as well nan. In taming by fear, all the interest which animal has, is the avoiding an evi! ; in taming i caresses and food, it is the attainment of en- j nent. The most extraordinary results are re- led as having Ijeen obtained by the mild mode li almost every species of animal on which it been tried; to this may be advantageously ed, in the more ])0werful animal, hunger and jue. ' The breeder Bakewell, surgeon llund rms us, at an advanced period of life, not only quered a vicious restive horse, but, without the stance of either grooms or jockies, taught this se to obey his verbal orders with as great at- ion as the most accomplished animal that was r educated at Astley's school. Bakewell was jstomed to say, that his horse could do every- t' ig but speak. The method which he took to qiier this vicious animal was never told, even to own domestics. He ordered his own saddle bridle to be put on the horse, which at that was thought to be ungovernable, when he prepared for a journey of two or three hun- miles ; and, that no one might be witness to contest, he led the horse till he was beyond reach of observation ; how far he walked, or hat manner this great business was accom- plished, was never known ; but when he returned from his journey, the horse was as gentle as a lamb and would obey his master's verbal onlers on all occasions. Wlien what are called irrational ani- mals are taught such strict obedience to the com- mand of a superior order, it is in generally supposed to be theellcctof fear ; hut JJakewell never made use of whip or spur. When on horseback he had a strong walking .«tick in his hand, which he made the most use of when on foot ; he always rode with a slack rein, which he frequently let lie up on the ho.-se's neck, and so great was his objec- tions to spur.«, that he never wore them. It was his opinion that all such animals might be conquer- ed by gentle means: and such was his knowledge of animal nature, that he seldom failed in his opin- ion, whether his attention was directed to the body or the mind.' — ^gr. Mem. page 127. TO DRY PEACHES. The following mode of drying peaches is adopt- ed by Thomas Belanjee, of Egg Harbor, New Jersey. He has a small house with a stove in it, and drawers in the sides of the house, lathed at their bottoms. Each drawer will hold nearly half a bushel of peaches, which should be ripe, and not peeled, but cut in two and laid on the laths with their skins downwards so as to save the juice. On slioving the drawer in they are soon dried by the hot air of the stove, and laid up. — Peaches thus dried eat like raisins. With a paring ma- chine, which may be had for a dollar or two, apples or pears may be pared, and sufficient quan- tity dried to keep a family in pies, and apple bread and tnilk, till apples come again. With a paring machine, one person can pare for five or six cut- ters. LIQUID MANURE. In Flanders, according to Loudon, 'Urine cis terns are formed in the fields to receive purchased liquid manm-e : but for that made in the farm yard, generally in the yard, or under the stable. In the latter case, the urine is conducted from each stall to a common grating, through which it descends into the vault ; from thence it is taken up by a pump: in the best regulated farmeries there is a partition in the cistern, with a valve to admit the contents of the first space into the sec- ond, to be preserved there free from the more recent acquisition, age adding considerable to its efficacy. This species of manure is relied on be- yond any other, upon all the light soils through- out Flanders, and even upon the strong lands (originally so rich as to preclude the necessity of manure) is now coming into great esteem, being considered applicable to most crops, and to all the varieties of soil.' — Encyclopedia of Jjgriculture. Remarks by the editor of the J^. E. Farmer — With regard to ' age adding considerably to the efficacy' of this sort of manure, we perceive there exists a diffiirence of opinion. Sir Humphrey Davy says ' During the putrefaction of urine the greatest part of the soluble animal matter that it contains is destroyed; it should consequently be used as fresh as possible ; but if not mixed with solid matter, it should be diluted with water, as when pure it contains too large a quantity of animal matter to form a proper fluid nourishment for ab- sorption by the roots of plants. Putrid urine,' however, continues Sir Humphrey, ' abounds in aramonical salts ; and though less active than fresh urine, is a very powerful manure. SIGNS OF A GOOD KARiMRR. His corn land is [iloughed in the (iill — his bull is from two to five years old, and he works him. He seldom lets his work drive him. Has u cook- ing stove with plenty of pii)e to it. The wood lots hn possesses are fenced. His sled is housed in summer, and his cart, ploughs and wheelbarrow, winter and smnmer, when not iu use ; has as many yoke of good oxen as he has horses — Does not feed his hogs with whole grain — Lights may be seen in his house often liefore break of day in winter — His hog pen is boarded inside and out — has plenty of weeds and mud in his yard in the fall — All his manure is carried out from his buildings and barn yard twice in the year, and chip dung once a year — His cattle are ahnost all tied up in the winter — He begins to find out that manure put on land in a green state is the most profitable — Raises three times as many turnips and potatoes for his stock as he does for his family — Has a good ladder raised against the roof of his house — Has more lamps in his house than candlesticks — Has a house on purpose to keep his ashes in, and an iron or tin vessel to t:ike them up — He has a large barn and a small house — seldom lias more pigs than cows — adjoining his hog pen he has a hole to put weeds and sods, and makes three loads of best manure from every old hog and two from every pig. A good farmer in this country begins to find out that steaming vegetables can be done at one third the expense of boiling — and that Mangel Wurtzel, Millet, Altringham Carrot, and Ruta Baga are things worth thinking of — he fences before he ploughs and manures before he sows — He deals more for cash than on credit. CATTLE STALLS. The common cattle stalls of our country are so ill contrived and so straightened in their dimen- sions, that the cattle are constrained to lie down, in part, in their own dung. This dries and forms a thick coat on their hind quarters, from which they are not relieved till they shed their hair in the spring. They are thus rendered uncomfortable. To be uncomfortable is to suffer some degree of pain ; and no one will suppose that animals in pain can thrive, or preserve their plight, with the same food, equally with others perfectly at ease. Even hog.s though prone to wallow in the mire, in warm weather, are always pleased with n dry bed, and thrive best when kept clean. — Col. Pick- ering. Vegetable Extract. In the north of France an excellent extract of the herbs used in Soups and broths is made by boiling them very slowly with a sufficient quantity of salt, and afterwards evap- orating the fluid. A little of this extract, dissolv. ed with gum in water arable iu hot water, is said to make capital Soup. The Selectmen in Amesbury and Salisbury, have determined not to recommend any one to retail spirits in those towns. The Selectmen of New- bury, have been forbidden, by a vote of the people, to grant anv 'licenses. A boy named Perez Wade has been sentenced in Plymouth to 6 months imprisonment for steal- ing fruit ; it was a second offence. Commerce of Soston.— From the 12th to the 20th of September, 64 vessels were entered at the Custom House in this city, from foreign ports, and will probably pay duties to the amount of $400,000. 84 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oef. I, 1830. From the Now York Tarnier. A Dksckiptioiv of Trees and Shrubs, produ- ciNS A SuccEfsiorr of Flowers fkom Spuing TO Autumn. B7 Miciiicl Floy, Vice President of the N. Y. Horticultural Socictj. Continued from page 75. I .shsill now select a list of hardy flowering sliiul^s calculated fur sliiubl.'erics, clumps, and ornainentul planting. Tho collecliun will f'uinisli a flowering succession from the early sjiring, until late in the f;;!l. Tliey &re all to be obtained a: the nurseries here, and at prices as slated above. Jlmorpha frvtico.ia — Indigo shrub, with hand- .sonio Lunches of puiple (lowers in great quanti- ties. Amygdahis nuna, Utvarf double floweiiug Almond, a very bcaulifid dwarf shrub, about 3 feet high, Aralia spinosa or Angelica tree, about 10 feet high, flowers in very large Iiunches, and continues a long season. Cylisiis Lahttrnum, or Golden chain, a most elegant shrub, with hmg rnccnies or bunches of yellow flowers, in the great- est profusion — there arc two kinds, the English, and the Scotch Lo-hurnuiii. The Scotch is the largest, forming a pretty large shrub ; the English kind is greener, more compact, and by some, thought to bo the handsomest — they ought to be in every garden. Calycanlhiis Jlcridus, Alspice or sweet scented shnib, a native of the Southern States ; the flowers arc of a very dark chocolate color, and the fragrance very much resembles ripe strawberries, easily kept where once introduced — the shrub generally grows about 5 feet high in got dens. Ccanollma watricanus, lied root, or Jer- sey Tea tree, worth having a |>lant or two in the collection, as it flowers \n profusion. — Cercis sil- iquastrum, or Judas tree. The flowers api)ear very early, bef )re the leaves come out, and make a fine appearance — as it grows rather tall, it is calculated for the back row of the shrubbery. Cohdea arborescens, or liiuliler Senna, having bunches of yellow flowers, which arc succeeded by seeds in a kind of bladder, calculated for the backer centre row of shrubberies. Craiagns oxyacaiilJia, the Hawthorn. It makes a pretty appearance planted out singly in the back or centre row, the flowers arc very fragrant, it is sometimes called t!ie Pride of May ; the double white, double scadcl, and single scarlet Ilavvtliorn, arc extremely beautiful, and ought to be in every plantation. Ilawthorti hedges tire much used in England, where they look very handsome when kept clipped, but they do not answer so well in this country, the lieat of our summers causing the leaves to fall off" early, often in July ; on that account they are not much used — we have seve- ral things which are better calculated for that pur- JiOSC. Cydnnia japonicd, or Pi/.-tja japanicn, a very heautifid scarlet flowering shrub, IVom Japan, has not been in cidtivr.tion hero for many years. It is found to be very hardy, resisting our most se- vere frosts ; it is evergreen, flowers very early, and continues a long time. A second flowering takes jilaco in the latter part of the simimer. It is every way a desirable shrub. Daphne Mazerium, one of our most early flowering shnibs, often flower- ing in Feburary, and very sweet scented. It is rather tender in some situations, but will stand our or- dinary winters very well in a sheltered situation. Dircapahistris, or Leather wood, a pretty little shrub, growing very regular in shape, and has the appearance of a large tree in miniature ; it is a native of our northern stales, the flowers appear very early, are yellow, and come out before the leaves. Gymnocladus canadensis, or Kentucky Cofi'ee tree. The berries have a resemblance to coflce, and are said to be used fortius purpose ; however it is a beautiful tree, with handsome feathereil leaves, and makes a fnie contrasl with others. It should ba planted in the back or centre of the plantation, and is very hardy. Hiilesia diplera and Hnhsia tclraplera, two wing- ed and four winged Silver bell, or snowdrop tree. They are both natives of the Southern Slates, but perfectly hardy here ; our most severe winters do not hurt them. The former kind flowers a month later than the latter kind, whi< h flowers early in May. They arc both elegant shrubs. Hibiscus syriacus, Jl. plena. The double flower- ing althea frntex, of which there are several va- rieties, the double white, double red, and white, and striped, are the most showy ; they com- mence their flowering late in Jidy, and continue till fall, coming in at a very acceptable time. The single kinds, of which there are many varie- ties, are scarce worth cultivating, the double ones being raised quite as well, and are equally hardy. These are iudis|icnsablc in every plantation. Kyptricum fiutescens. Shrubby Hypericum ; there are several species of this small beautiful shrid), all natives of the Southern States, but per- fectly hardy here. They all flower in the great- est profusion, and continue for a long season. They should be planted in the front row. Kerria japonica, or Corchorus japonica — j'ellow Japan Globe flower ; although a native of Japan, like many other Japan flowcr.«, it is perfectly har- dy bore. It flowers in the greatest profusion at all times, except in the very dead of winter, and will grow almost in any soil or situation. Kcelrcuteria paniculata, — Japan bladder tree, or Koelreterius. This is another hardy shrub from Japan. It has long racemes of flowers, succeeded by bladder like fruit, and is worthy of cultivation in every good collection. Ligustium vulgare, virais. Large European Privet, a very handsome evergreen shrub, flower- ing in great profusion, and succeeded by bimches of black round berries. It bears cli[iping well, I is therefore well calculated for hedges, or to enclose ornamental plantation?. It grows quick, and is well adapted to our climate, and when planted in a hedge row, and kept clipped, it makes a beautiful hedge, and ought to be in more gen- eral use. Philadelphus coronaris, or common syringo, is very ornamental, jirodiu-ing its sweet scented flowers early, and in abundance, anm in their tnres, would be but a poor protection against lean, half fed, unruly animals. Here the cattle e no need to break fences. They have food Relent within their own domains. I came here ler the impression that the country was bare of On the contrary, I find it better stoc^ked his respect than the thick settlements of our country. We wantonly destroy trees as if ly were of no value : here they are planted and nur.^ed with as nnich care, as though they bore choice fruit Extract from a Letter from England. Fratice and England. — The editors of the Bul- letin des Sciences state, that the agrienltnre of Eiiglaiid is nnich superior to that of Fnuiea ; anil that the former country with an unfavorable cli- mate, and upon a soil not half so extensive as France, possesses 6 millions of sheep and 150,000 horned cattle, more than France. In England tlif! soil belongs exclusively lo 30,000 proprietors; in France there are four millions of proprietors. — Some appear to consider the small number of pro- prietors in England as the principal cause of the agricultural prosperity of that country, but the editors of the Bulletin think the cause may be found in the liberty and industry of the body of the nation, and in the favor and protection bestow- ed on agricidture, commerce, and manufactures, by the privileged class. Ignorance and prejudice are nirniidable obstacles to agricullnral improve- ment in France, especially in the southern depart- ments. been dissolved, and 'vhitciicd vviili rye uieal, oat meal, or the flower of buckwheat. Indian Corn and Flax. — M. Iladner of Saxony, attiiliiites the exhaustion of the .soil by Indian corn to the roots after the crop is gathered. Hi' therefore plucks up the roots with the plant, and remarks that his cornfield is favorably distinguish- ed from those which surround it. The same gentleman once sowed some flax seed that was 12 years old, and to his astonishment it produced the most beautiful flax he ever saw. Sheep. — The number of sheep in England is estimated at 45 millions, in France 36 millions, in Spain only 14 millions. — Bull, des Sciences. In Cincinnati, a great number of cows graze on a coin:iion where they eat some plant which poi- sons them. Last year several died, and two per- sons lost their lives by skinning them. This year, about 50 valuable cows have died, and four per- sons who skinned some of them. DUTCH DAIRIES. For the sake of cleanliness, the tails of the cows are tied to the roof of the cow house with a cord during the time of milking. The cow houses both in Flanders and Holland are kept remarkable clean and warm; so much so that a gentleman ' spoke' to Redcliff' 'of having drank cofl^ee with a cow keeper in the general stable in winter, without the annoyance of cold, dirt, or any oflTensive smell.' — The Dutch are particularly aveise in unfolding the secrets of their dairy man.igement, and not- withstanding the pointed queries of Sir John Sin- clair on the subject, no satisfactory idea was given him of their mode of manufacturing butter or cheese. — Loudon. COW KEEPING. In Holland the food for one cow in winter for twentyfour hours, is straw, eighteen |iounils ; tur- nips, sixty pounds. Somef.irmers boil the turnips fiir them ; others give them raw, chopping them with the spade ; one or other operation is neces- sary to obviate the risk of the animal being chok- ed, where the turnips, which is usually the case in Flanjers, are of too small a size. In lieu of tur- nips, potatoes, carrots, and grains, are occasionally given ; bean straw likewise, and uniforndy a white drink, prepared both for cows and ho«es, and consisting of water in which some oilcake nas Scratches in Horses. — This disorder or difficidty is too well known to all who own these noble aui- mals, or ileal in ihom,to need a particular descrip- tion of it. The remedy is simple, safe, and cer- tain, in all cases which have come to my knowl- edge, however inveterate. It is only to mix white lead and linseed oil in such proportions as will render the application eonveuicnt, and I never have known more than two or three applications ne- cessary, to effiict a common cure. — Turf Reg. Product of the JVewport Alntshouse Farm, 1829. — 30 tons hay ; 200 bushels corn ; 675 do pota- toes; 379 do onions; 2232 bunches do; 58 bushels barley ; 75 do oats. The product of the farm exceeds that of any other year, and is yearly improving in walls, buildings, &c. About two acres for an orchard have been walled in, in which trees will be set this season. There is at present, 55 acres cultivat- ed ; 57 J in meadow. Several persons have this week been convicted for robbing an orchard in Bridge street, in Salem and have been fined ten dollars for their offence ■^mw asrcaaiisr^) 35»iii3sai2J2» SOS TON, FRID.W, OCTOBER I, 1830. TO KEEP APPLES FOR WINTER'S USE. Put them in casks or bins, in layers well cover- ed with dry sand, each layer being covered. This preserves them from the air, from moisture, and from frost, it prevents their perishing by their own perspiration, thiir moisture being absorbed by the sand ; at the same time it preserves the flavor of the apples, and prevents their wilting, — Pippins have been kept in this manner sound and fresh till midsummer ; and how much longer lliey would have kept is not known. Any kind of siand will answer, but it must be perfectly dry. BREEDING ANIMALS AND VEGETABLES. Dr Cooper, Editor of the last edition of Dr Willich's Domestic Encyclopedia, observes, that ' The whole art of breeding animals and vegeta- bles for particular purposes may be included in this direction : Choose those animals or vegeta- bles to propagate from, that possess the qualities you wish to pro|)agate in the greatest perfection.' ELDER KERRY SYRUP. Take of the juice of elder berry one quart; boil to one pint ; strain and add two pounds of double refined sugar ; again place it over the fire i so soon as it shall have boiled remove it from the fire ; and when cold bottle it for use, taking care to have it well corked. Should a less quantity of sugar be used there will be danger of ils becom- ing mouldy. As a gentle purgative this syrup is an excellent inedicine of very pleasant taste ; and is particularly serviceable to children, who are not inclined to take medicine. The dose fur an adult is a wineglass full. Hints ti cents. Seeds for Fall sowing. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Ne» England Farmer, 52 North Market-street — A great variety of veget-iblc seeds for fall sowing, vli White Portugal Onion, Prickly or Fall Spinach, (growth of 1S30,) Parsnips, Carrots, Black Spanish or Winter Bi dish— all warranted of the firet quality. Sept. 10. Chloride of Soda. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the N.E Farmer, 52 North Market-street — A few dozen bottles oi Chloride of Soda, for preserving meat, removing offensiw smells, neutralizing pestilential exhalations, and destroj ing contagion ; prepared by the New England chemici' company for Lowe and Reed. This valuable articlei' particularly described, page .'590 of this week's New Enj- and Farmer. — Price $1,00 per bottle, with directions. Published every Friday, .it ^3 per annum, payable atthi end of the year--but those who pay within sixty days fromtht time of subpcribing, are entitled to a deduction t»f fifty ceBW [Lf* No paper will be sent to a distance witliout paymen' being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts— by when all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet thi wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Not* Market Street. AGENTS. Nev> York — G. Thof.burn & Son, 67 Liherly-slreel. Philadelphia— I). &. C Laniiketh. 85 Chosliiui-slreet. Baltimore— ij. Ii. Smith, Office olthe Ameiican Farmeri A'.banii — Hon. Jesse Buel. Flushing, N. Y. Wm. Prince & SoNs.Prop. Lin. Bot.GiI* //ui-t/brrf- GnonwiN &, Sons. Halifax.N. S— P. J. Hollanp. Esq. Recorder Offie*. Montreal, L. C A. Bow-uav, Bookseller. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at thk Agiucultubal Warehouse. )—T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. VOL IX. BOSTOIV, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8, 183 O. NO. 12. (s (S> sa sa w sr !i ^ ii ^ a (£> s¥ s» FRUITS. HOM.'^s G. Fessexde>, Esq. — Dear Sir — I iiiteml soiiding you a list of pears om the olJ Catalogue wljicli I have selecteil cm 117 sorts. They are arranged according to re time of their ripening, and arc ttccoinpanicd itii some remarks suitable to the character of the spective fruits. If, in your opinion .«nch a list ill be of any service to the public, who take an terest in the cultivation of these fruits, you can jblish it; if you think that it is not required, u can suppress it. I am aware that the taste of horticulturists ns at present altogether on the new varieties, nidi have been raised in Europe, or found here wildings. But I doubt if any of these will be iind to equal many of the old fruits which have snso longand sodeservedly celebrated through- t Christendom. It is true that many of the best of the old irs are liable to blast anil crack, when raised in {open country ; but this is not the case in ;k settled towns, where these fruits may still ! cultivated with great advantage. The St Mi- .el. Brown Beurr6, Crassannc, St Germain, Vir- f deuse, and Chauinonlel may all be brought to as ■ at perfection in Philadelphia, New York, Hart- fi I, Boston, Salom, and many less populous iTS, both on the sea coast and in the Western ntry, as they are in France, where they are enied among the most valuable productions of garden. These fruits, when pro])erly culti- 4 td, and well matureil, are unequalled by any of i|l new species that I have as yet seen ; and I i^ et the prejudice that is raised against them :ig cultivators in this country, because I fear it will not be many years before they are en- y eradicated from the American soil, s regards the new sorts of pears, raised in Eu- , we have yet to learn how many of these will h • our harsh climate when raised in the opencoun- Until this is ascertained, it will, it seeins to me, b§est to preserve some of the valuable kinds above tiuned, that further experiments may be made, a view to their preservation, before they arc ly condemned. he manner in which we plant Fruit Trees in tllcountry is perhaps one reason why they do ucceed so well here as in France. Here no rd is paid to the kind of soil, or to the exposi- ! in which any particular species of fruit is ')tid. The Crassanne and the St Michael, the -ermain and the Brown Beurr6 ; the Virgou- l*^ le|s and the Chaumontel are all planted in the ! soil, and exposed to the same asfiect, with- nquiring whether there be any congeniality bdeen the plants and the soil and situation in vHI h it is placed. — A Crassanne, which would be e fruit in a moist loam would be good for ing in a dry, gravelly soil, which suits the St M lael. A St Germain, which is comparatively a pbed. 1 have the honor to offer you, Mr President, the assurance of my high consideration, VicoMTE Hericodrt D'Thdrv, ( President of the HorticDjttusl ) Society of Paris. Mr Dn.naonN, rrejidcnt of ) the Mas3. Hort. yuciely. { Besides the liberal present of the Annals of the Horticultural Society of Paris, the President, Vi- conite Heiicourt D"l'hury, has forwarded for our library, the following copies of his own works. 1. Notice Historique sur la Plantation de la Montague de St-Marlin-De,Pauvre, 2. Rapport .sur de Concours ou vent pour le pencemcnt des Puits Fores, 3. Programme D'Un Concours pour Ic pence- ment des Puits Fores. 4. Extrait D'Un Rapport fait a la Societe D' Encouragement pour I'lndustrie Nationale sur I'establissemcnt de Lithoglyptique de M. Vollin. 5. Rapport a la Societe Roy ale et Centrale D' 90 NEW ENCn^AiND FARMER, Oct. 8, 1830. Agriculture, sur un nouvel cngrais propnt^c sons le noiii D'L'ratc, par M. M. Duiiat-et-Coinpa^uie. 6. Rapport sur un iiouvel engrais, propose sous le norn tie Pouilrettos Alcaliiio-Vegetaiive/, par Mine. Viliert Dul)Oul. 7. Notice sur Un Moulin Cribleiir, ilc I'iuvention de M. Mousse. 8. Rapport sur le projet de ilefriehcnient et d' plantation en arlu'es resineu.'i des L'audes et Bru- yeres. 9. Rapport sur I'liistoire de la colonie Grecque de Paoinia et Cargese dans L' lie de Corse, de Nicoliios Steplriiiiopoli. 10. Rapport sur I'etat nctiicl de Tcxploitation du doniaine royal et-rural De Griguon. 11. Extrait du Rapport ou Proces-Vc-bal du Voyage des Comiuissaires pour la prise de posses- sion du Doinaine D'Harcourt. The following rules were submitted for the consideration of tlie meeting. RULES FOR THE UOVER^MF.ST OF THE STANDING COilMITTEES. 1. It is the duty of the i>i(MnI)ers of the Stand- ing Committees on Fruit.«, Flowers, Vcgetabli^s, and the synonymas of Fruiis, to attend the weekly exhibitions jit the Hall of the So('iely, r.nd to carefully examine all specimens which may he offered fur premium or exhibition. 2. Reports on Fruits, Flowers, ami Vegetahh's, offered for exliihitiun only, may be drawn up, signed, and delivered to the Library Conmiittee for publication, by any member of each Commit- tee, who may be present, in the Hall, in the event the Chairman is absent, and provided the consent of such other members, as may be in attendance is given. 3. No Report, awarding iiremiunis, to be made on objects offered therefor, until after the season of the maturity of each kind of fruit, flower, and vegetable, for which premiums liave been offered, has passed. 4. No premium to be awarded, but bj' the con- sent and approbation of a. majority of each eoni- mittee. 5. All reports awarding premiums, lobe signed by the Chairman, and transmitted to the Library Committee for publication. The foregoing Rules were read and ado[)ted, at a meeting of the Massachiisetis Horticultural So- ciety, on the 2d of October, 1830. II. A. f!. IlK.HRORK, ) , I'loa. Mass Hon. S„c. j R. L. Emmons, ) Recording Sec'y. ) The foUowing members were admitted. S. C. Thwi.ng, lioxbury. George Bond, Boston. Charles Taylor, Dorchester. THE W A N D E U E R — N O . II, SILK AND HONEY. Mr Fessenuen — In a late paper the benefits which Attention and Induslry had .advantageously associated with certain kimliud objects in the pur- suits of Agriculture were iiicniioned — The Bee and the Silk Worm. The fust named, by what would seem a wise design, is carried by the early settler into the forest and may be S'?cn in scores of multi])lied hives around his new establishment in successful operation. But it is said that as cultivation progresses it becomes necessary to decrease in the number of he Ilivez, and in our old settled towns it is huld, there may be a too idose neighborhood, and that the wilderness ami country in early settlemems give a material for Ibmey which is not supplied by all the benefits and varieties of cultivatien. This opinion i.^ doubtless in degree corr.ct. but it is thought by many who manage the Bee Hive, to advantage, that Farmers are herein too easily discouraged, an I that much that the earth presents is lost by a too indolent ac^qiiiesence in this opinion. But the Silk worm and the culture of the Mulbcrr;/ Tree ! ! Can there be any doubt of the benefit that would result to our Funuers in ihe.ie .' In passing through Mansfield, in Connecticut, ! \(as lately gratified to see that activity and thrift in the neatness of dwellings, advanced price |of lands, and other indications of prosperity abijut them. Here is household and out-door Industly, thought I, inclose alliance. On inquiry 1 leanipd of one with a light wagon that he was going to VVindh.-ini, anil of another that he was going to I'omfVct for leaves. So it seems that Mansfield, with all her increase of trees (which is consider- able,) turns her Industry to account in collecting the leaves from neiirhboring towns lo feed the worm; and a consileralion ia paid in Sewing Silk for a fixed weight or measure of leaves. That there is a great private as well as public advantage in this culture and n;anufactnre cannot be diiubted. There is assuredly a defii-ii'ncy of informalinn in reeling, spinning, &c, of Silk. But much is done at Mansfield, though in an imperfect manner. The Sewing Silk is prepar- ed so as to tneet a ready sale, and it is stronger than that imported, though not so even, and is disposed of in New York, and in this city, though at perhaps a less price. On entering u farmer's house I found the fimily employed in knitting stockings of the coarse part of the Silk, of the ilui-'stion of which they spoke in high terms. I also learneil that coarse stuffs were occasionally made. It is generally admitted that fVoni 20,000 to $30,000, are derived from this course of ein- ploynient by the inhabitants of this village. Mr Duponceau is correct and instructive in his re- marks that information is much wanted as to the reeling and various other processes in llie man- ufacture of Silk; and from his patriotic exertions nnich benefit may be expected. Still 1 infer that if a single village can thus ad- vance under these unfavorable cn-cunistam-es in n profitable pursuit, what may not he expected when the intricacies of the whole process arc unfolded. Truly here is present advantage to the farmer and an excellent [irospect for the future — we need not fear to overstock the market, for we are told that silks to over the amount of ten millions of dollars are imported into the United Slates annually. It is observed in a late Pennsylvanian Journal ' that cocoons are much wanted — that Reeleis are learning the art successfully, and some beauiiful sill; has been already manufacmred — ihe atmos- phere, waters, &c, a|)pear to be well adapted to the oliject, and it is expec-ted that the present sea- son will prove by actual resutis, of which the pub- lic will judge — that silk may be rendered a new and most lucrative staple in this country, hardly second to cotton in the facilities of its production and the value of its cajiiial.' The enterprise of this great state is deeply engaged in this promising effort witiioiit doubt! ! Our climate, too, is well adapted to the culture of the mulberry tree. It thrives where the ajiple tree grows, and surely the habits of our country and their disposition for industry must make it a great object in domestic employment. From our situation and circumstances we need it; and if it approach in any such degree as is herein stated, to the staple article of cotton, we should be alive to the subject. It is said that an orchard of «n acre may be made to net nearly $100 ; this must be considere I a beneficial assurance. Why then are our ai;ricuhuri.-ts inattentive, if not indolent in this? Tlie Government of the United States are, in their wisdom, calling attention hereto. Our Agricultural Societies are offering encouragement — Why then should not our Farmers set out an orchard of Mulberry Trees, and let our families ' win ,ind wear' their own Silks. I am, I Confess, at a lo.ss — Can you herein, Mr Editor, (who give a good answer to many knotty questions) solve this .' I am yours. THE BUSSORAH ARABIAN. A friend has sent us the following pedigree and history of the Biissorah Arabian, wiiich we take much pleasure in making |)ul)lic at this lime, as it speaks of his g-ef, and names, among others, the horse Sportsman, of which we iiiaile favorable mention a short time since. Sportsma.n will be exhibited at the ensuing B righto Fair, and will, we are informed, stand the ensuing season in th« neighborhood of this city and Worcestei county. We recommend our friends, who are breeders, lo examine this Horse ; as we are saiisfied they will find him a superior animal. Our farmers seem to be toially unaware how much di.'pends upon the blood or pedigree of a horse ; a subject upon vvliich their interest demands lliat they should no longer be ignorant. Mdrau Bey, another dis- tinguished Stallion of the Bussorah get, will, w« are also informed, be exhibited at Brighton. This remarkable IIor.se was imported into New York from Bombay, in the year 1819, by .Abraham Ogden, Esq. in his ship Horatio. Mr Gallway, the agent of Mr Ogden, finding this horse M Bombay, determined on sending him out to the United States, with the view i:f improvement to the race of horses here, having investigated (In purity of his blood, and an imdouhted account of his breeding. To give a correct view of his pur- chase, it is thought best to give Mr GaMway's own words, as detailed in his letter to Mr tjgden. ' Owing to the conversation between us, I de- termined on sending out to yow an Jlrab of the Jirst rate and highest cast. Many Arab stallicms were examined, their prices obtained, which in general were high, (from 1.500 lo 2-'500 riipees]'m the hands of dealers ; many of them were verj fine, but none, 1 thought, equal to one owned by a Mr Prendergast, which he had olitaiued to send to England. Mr Guy l.,ennox Prendergast, the owner, first member in the council of the Eiisl India Company, and one in a station that would not deviate tiom a price he might fix ; I conse- quently submitted to a high one, on being saiis- fied the Arab I send is not only a beautiful horse, but of pure blood, and of the Germaanny breed, a cast held in the highest esteem by the Arabs. Doctor Colqnhoun, for many years the Coinpany'is resident at Bussorah, was in a .situation, and in intercourse with the Arabs, that enabled him 10 obtain colts of the best blood, and among them was the one in question, sent to Air PrcndergaBt of Bombav. A certificate from the doctor cob- Vol.lX.— No. 12. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 91 rni^«tlie fact in lliesc wonls : — Tlio colt sent to ^ Srtah, ;i (!n|i|>le grey, sol'! ;it if^OO, n very fine Ir I'rcndcrgnst was not reared liy me, but on the liorse, 16 lianils lii;j;li, ami a jjood t'oal gclter. anks ot" ihd En|(lirates, tinder my eye ; lie was a Otcn Oroilitr to Selali, ItiA hands high, a young i;,'h lired hoi-se of ilie Germaanhy breed, n cast | stallion of groat promise in the vvesterr. pan oC esteemed hy the Arabs. Dated Bombay, j this State. lay 13, 1819. Come/, a hay, 15i hands high, own hrollier to 'I do not .send a pedigree of fanciful .\ral) ! Lady Mary, a heautiful liorsc. Valued at -SIOOO me.«, not ileeiniiig the same necessary, after the Sir Harry, ti chostnut, 1.5.V hands liigli, own s? ntements tnadc above, from under the liands of dividuals of such liigh standing. ^(Signed) HENRY GALLW AY.' Thiii! much has been given relative to the orse in question, from Arabia and from Homhay, hence lie came ;o this country, to show the pii- y of his blood and general estimation. On being landed at Ne-.v York from the ship jratio, this .\rabiaii was universally ailmired, d Mr Van Ranst, a well-known judge and rear- of blood Horses, purchased him of Mr Ogden, !»liigh price, (.fJ.OOO.) Having thus introduced this Horse, it may not improper lo give the opinion formed by the miifiltee of the Agricultural Society of the city J county of New York, (composed of men of )Wn ta.<^lc and judgment.) as well as a detail of produce obtained from the few real good od mares sent to this Arab H- rse. The following is an extract from the report of coiiunittee on Horses, the autumn of 1820, awarding the society's premium to thisstallion. VVc have not only at different times before, subsequent to our appointment, examined the t authorities within our reach, as to the cliar- irislic points and properties of the Jlrahian ■se ; and, from the whole of our investigations, are of opinion, that the Bussorah is of the ; cast of Arabian Horses. That his form and on are very perfect, and that he will, in om- lion, add greatly to tho value of our stock of SCB,' )f the produce, much might he said, as among colts of the Bussorah Arabian there are speci- 18 that equal those from any other Horse now ae United Slates. folloiring list u-ill show a limited niimlcr nf ills of his ^et, that are held in high estimation, il : — >ady Mrmj, a hay, 15 hands one inch high, of it speed find bottom, and allowed to be now finest mare in the city of New York. $500 been offered for her and refused. loon Shine, a sorrel, bred by General Coles, an llent four mile runner, and has proved him- a very valuable stallion. Valued at $2,000. furad Bey, a hay, 16 hands high, the property Ir 1*. Hall, has proved himself to be a most able foal getter, and he is deemed to be one iie finc?t Horses of the present dav. His val- 3 $2,000. oortsman, a bay, 15J hands high, out of Sports- ress by Hickory, a first rate runner, and win- of the 3 mile purse on the Union Course and r races, now a stallion in Massachusetts, and aat favorite. His value is $2,000. ost Doy, a. sovre], 16 hands high, a very fine e, and proved himself to be a fast runner on Union Course. • At 3 years old, he beat Mr Ligston's Eclipse colt out of an imported mare, match of $1,000 aside. He is dead. ed Jacket, out of a brown Highlander mare, a t on of promise, and bought at 3 years old for fM), but died young. ' , lirother to Comet and Lady 3Iary, u verv fine stallion. Valued at §1500. IiHinhoc, a bay, IG hands high, owned by Mr Van Reiir'selaer, a fiiK; horse. Died at 5 years. Valued at $1500. Brothtr to Ivanhoe, a hay, 16 hands high, owned by flir Le Roy, valued at $1000, and doing more ill ihe western country, than any other horse. Ranger, of a beautiful brown color, without white, saving on one heel, and a small star, now only 2 years old, 15.J liands high. In regard to (iiie form, large bone, anil general be;iuty, not to be equalled in this Stale. He was out of the im- I piirted mare Alarm. Dutchess Bussorah, a fine colt, 4 years old, 16 bauds high, out of a brown Highlander mare, ! a fine young horse ; ran second to Malton, oii the I'oiiglikeepsie Course. Besides the above, there are of this stallion's get. a vast many more of equal value, and as is usual with Arabian horses, on being imported into Eii^'land and this country, they are of remarkably good size, and many of them very large, as will be noticed by the detail given above. This horse is now the pro|ierty of Cornelius W. Van Uanst, Esq. of New York, and stands the present season at Kinderhook, New York. Sept. I'Uh, 1830. officers of the rhode island society for the e.ncouragement of domestic industry, elect- ed septf-mber, 1830. president. James Rhodes. vice presidents, James D'Wolf, Samuel Slater, Charles Eldridge. treasurer. William Rhodes. becretary. Richard Ward Greene. James H. Dlncax, Haverhill, James Gardner, Lynn. TREASURER. Andrew Nichols, Danvtrs. corresponding and recording secretart, Joii.N W. Proctor, Danvers. TRUSTEES. Stephen Abbot, AnJover, John Adams, ' Daniel .^danis, Newbury, Stephen Barker, Andover, Henry Colnian, Salem, Jeremiah Coleman, Newburyport, Hector Coffin, Ni.-vvbury, Daniel Fuller, Middleton, William P. Endicott, Danvers, David Gray, Andover, Jonathan Ingalls, ' Paid Kent, Newbury, Jesse Kimball, Bradford, Amos Kimball, Boxford, Daniel P. King, Danvers, Joseph Kittridge, Andover, Asa T. Newhall, Lynnfield, Moses Newell, West Newbury, Daniel Putnam, Danvers, Jesse Pul.nani, ' Jeremiah Spofford, Rowley, Richard Stewart, Ilaverliill, Icliabod 'I'ucker, Salem, Erastus Ware Attest, J. W. PROCTOR, Sec'y. Danvers, October 1, 1830. Jcase Tourleltot, rii:tpe AtnoM, Cliristopl.er Rhorio, Albert C. (Jrocn, Nnthan Biivvyn, FrBelmm Sisson, I'.lishH Dlnny, John Jenrkes. Slephen T. Norlhani, Wilbur Kcllpy, Stephen H. Smith, William !•;. Kichmond, Thomas Fry, Oeorse Irish, Mcma R. Ives, Hates Uarrii, Elisha p. Smith, STANDING COMMITTEE. Tohn FiistHr, Stephen VVutermaa, fCWcalrT) Thumas Holden, ■" Sinn A. Rhodef, Jainea Anilinnj, J.iul Aldrich, Jehu Pitman, Jeremiah Whipple, William Anlhraiy, John llniwn FriociB, Isaac Field, Charles Eldridg^, Stephen B. (;ornell, Lewis Dexter, Charles Cullins. AUDITORS. TULLT DOERAKCE. Officers of the Essex Agricultural Society. Elected September 30, 1830. PRESIDENT. Frederic Howes, Salem. vice presidents. Ebenezer Moselv, N'ewhuryport, Solomon Low, Boxford, Cattle Show. — Our farmers do not need to be remindeil by u.s, that their annual boliil.ny is at band, and that but few days remain to prepare for it. For tho information of such of our distant friends as may wish to attend, we may inform that it will take place on IVednesday the \2lh of October, one fortnight from this day. The usual arrang&l meiits have been made by the officers, and the several coinminees are a; pointed. An Addnss will be deiivereil hy Iia B..rton, Esq. of Oxfoid and a public ilinner will ba provided. Several' letms are already entered for the Ploughing Match, and a ntimber of animals for premium. We have not had opportunity to be informed what tho relative piospoct of the exhibition is, in com- parison with those of former years. We confi- dently trust, however, that the spirit of improve- ment, which has heretofore made it excel any other shnw in the county, has noc abated : and that, with tho .-stimulus afforded by the brightening prospects ofthe farmer, in the generally good crops of the pre>eut scasiin and improving prices, a dis- position will prevail to .satisfy the expectation of the numerous strangers who will be drawn hither by the reputation our show has already acquired. If so we may safely hid defiance to competition in any other section of New England. We would particularly expi. ss the hope that the cxiiibiti >u of female skill and ingenuity may at le.ist equal that of any former occasion, in the quantity and variety ofthe articles presented. Let it be remembered, that, to many, this is the most intiuesting part of the exhibition, and that, the last year, o considerable number of premiums totrt not awarded, because there were no competitors for them. ■ Worcester Spy. A company of Italian gentlemen at New York have celebrated the lat e revoiuiion in Fiance. They cousiiler it the precursor of a change in Italy. Tho number of settlers who have arrived at Quebec ihe preseat season from Europe is 23,586; last vear 12,846. ' 92 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 8, 1830. Frvm the Nevr York Fanner. A Description of Trees and Shkubs, produ- cing A Succession of Flowers from Spring TO Autumn. By Michael Floy, Vico Preaiclenl of Ihe N. Y. Horticultural f ocietj. Concluded from pago 85. Viburnum opulus, or Guelder rose, otherwise called Sm>w-ball, is a very showy shrub, with large balls of snow white flowers in the greatest profusion ; and is indispensably necessary to eve- ry shrubbery. Vitex agnus castas, or Chaste tree, a pretty and singular shrub, flowering the most part of the sum- mer. In enumerating the above list, I have omitted all such kinds of shrubs as were dear and scarce. There are some more kinds of an inferior nature not mentioned : the above list arc all to he obtain- ed at the prices mentioned, and the cultivation of them is in the power of any jicrson though but little acquainted with gardening. 1 shall now subjoin a list of a few Vines and Creepers, either to train on fences or trellisses, or to run up the trees. These have an eflect beautiful and natural. Bignonia radicans, or Trumpet creeper, with bunches of red truiripet flowers, large anng, and the American Wista- ria about the same height. The Chinese docs not look so vigorous and green as his American brother — The American Wistaria should be plant- ed in every garden with other creepers, or run up the trees in shrubberies, according to its natural disposition. Loniccra, comprehending all the fine sweet scented honeysuckles; of the Italian kinds, the monthly honeysuckle is decidedly superior, con- tinuing to flower nil through the summer, until late in the fall, and very fragrant. Some of the other European kinds may be occasionally intro- duced in large shrubberies — two or three American kinds deserve particular notice. Lonicera sempervirens, or Coral trumpet month- ly honeysuckle, is extremely beautiful, flowering during the whole of the summer, with its thou- sands of scarlet bunches. It is, however, desti- tute of scent. Lonicera frascri, also an Ameri- can ; the flowers are like the other kind in almost every other particular, e.\cept color, this being a bright yellow. Lonicera pubesccns, or Caprifolium pubescens, a large and beautiful honeysuckle from the North- west coast ; the flowers are larger and of a bright copper color, inclining to orange, they are all per- fectly hardy. Lonicera Jlexiiosa ; Chinese honeysuckle of late introduction, it is jierfectly hardy, withstanding our most severe frosts without the least injury ; it is a very sweet scented honeysuckle, grows rapid, and to an itmnense lieight. It flowers in pairs and threes all up the brancjies, covering the whole plant completely with flowers. It blossoms spring anil fall, and is a very valuable acquisition to our gardens and shrubberies. Lonicera japonica, or Japan honeysuckle. This bears flowers in great profusion, which are white, afterwards becoming of a light yellow. This is not so hardy as the former, and requires a little protection in winter. I shall only add to the above the running kinds of roses, although there are many other things which might be mentioned. Rosa mvUiJlora, from China is pretty well known, producing thousands of small double red roses in bunches. It requirs a sheltered situation from some of our keen North-westers. It. muUiJlora alba, from tlie same country, is of late importation, but as it increases readily, may be obtained at about the same price as the former ; the bunches of flowers arc white. Rosa Grevitlii, a running rose also from China, the flowers of various co- lors. Rosa ruhifolia. Raspberry leaved rose, from our northern .frontiers, and extending over the western coimtry ; although a single flowering rose, it produces large bunches of flowers, which are difierent colored, on the same hunch, exactly like the former China kind, and is another instance of the similarity of plants, natives of China ant! our country. Rosa canina, Jl. plena. English double Dog rose, is a very pretty little double rose, and will rim to a great height. Rosa Danlcsii, Lady Banks' doiilile white China running rose. It runs up, and spreadB much — it may be easily known fioin others of the running roses, by its being entirely destitute of prickles. Rosa noisette, and Cliamp- nrifs, are said to have been raised from China seeds in Carolina — they ore not strictly running roses, but as they grow up tall, are fine ornaments for the shrubbery, flowering during the whole of the summer and fall in large clusters. The Ma- deira rose, or double while Cluster Musk — It also flowers all through the summer and fall months, anil is therefore well adajited for the shrubbery. Rosa Cherokensis, called the non-descripl, or Georgi;; rose — the flowers are very large and white, the centre yellow. This is a running rose, growing very high aroimd trees, &c. Rosa rubiginosa, or sweet briar, is too well known to need description. I did not intend to have extended my rcmnrks so far, but as your correspondent observes that he docs not know where to select from, I v.'as led into greater lengths from a desire to comply with his wishes. You mijiht ns well direct him to pick needles from a hay stack as to send him to Iioudon's En- cyclopedia of Plants. It might by some he thought a superfluous labor to descril»e common shruh.s, but if any description at all were given, we might as well commence with common kinds, as they may not be common with every body, but the shrubs and trees described, are altogether a pretty good collection to begin with, and they all may be obtained (good flowering plants) at moder- ate prices. In the list of trees I have omitted all the oaks, hic)vOries, and walnuts. Our evcr-greeu tree.^. Firs, Spruces, and Pines, ought now and then to show themselves in every collection, where there is room. The Balm of Gilead Fir is ex- tremely beautiful, but they will not thrive well un- les.s raised two or three years in a nursery. Wheu brought from the mountains, and planted out at once, they seldom succeed. I am, Sir, respecfully, Your obedient servant, Michael Flot. JVew York, August Uth, 1830. P. S. At another opportunity, (if it would be acceptable,) I may give you a list of hardy peren- nial jilants, and a further description of shrubs. DESCRIPTION AND MORBID EFFECTS OP SPURRED RYE. Causes of the Spur in Rye. — One of the most poisonous substances which has ever been unde- signedly mixed up with aliment, and eaten, is spur- red rye, or ergot, (secale cornutum,) the vtutterkorn or rogenmutter of the Germans. It is the grain, of rye altered by disease, which occurs most fre- quently in damp seasons, and in moist clay soils, particularly those recently redeemed from waste lands in the neighborhood of forests. Of all the places where the spur has been hitherto obsei-ved, none combines these conditions so perfectly, and none has been so much infected with the disease as the district of Sologne, situated between the rivers Loire and Cher in France. It has been ascertained that the rv« of this district, after be- ingthreshed, contained on an average, about a forty, eighth, part of ergot, even in good seasons; but in bad seasons, and taking into account a consid- erable proportion which is shaken out of the ears and sheaves before they reach the barn, the pro- portion of ergot in the whole crop has been csli- matcd so high as a fourth, or even a thiril. — Ac cording to Willdenow, It may be produced at any time, by sowing the rye in a rich damp soil, and watpring the plants exuberantly in warm weather. The spur does not extend itself by contagion. The immediate causes of the disease are not clearly known. — Some believe that the spur i« formed by a dis«ns«il process from the juices of the plant : others, that it is a fungus vegetating at the expense of the germcn ; and others, anil the most numerous, assert, that it is the work ofan insect, n species of butterfly ; and, in support of that doctrine, Fontana, Read, Tillet, and others, aver, that they have found the ova and larvae of the insect on the spur. Confirmatory of this statement are the observations of General Martin Field in our own country. Description of the Spur. — The spur varies in length from a few lines lo two inches, and is from two to four lines in thickness. The substance of tlie S|)ur is of a dull whitish or grayish tint: and it is covered with a bluish, black, or violet husk, having two, sometimes three streaks of dotted gray. It swims in water, while the rye sinks in it, so that they are easily separated from each oth- er. The powdered spiiris disposed to attract moist- ure, and has a disagreeable heavy smell, and a nau- Vol. IX.— No. 12. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 93 IS, slighlly acid taste. It imparls its taste and 11 both to water and alcohol. Bread which aiiis it is defective in firmness, liable to be- e moist, and cracks and crumbles soon after g taken from the oven. 'ffects of Spurred Rye on Man and Jlniinals. — use of ergot mixed up with rye flour in bread, been at difterent times, productive of fatal and -spreading diseases in Silesia, Bohemia, |)arls Liissia, Hesse, Lusatia, Saxony, Sweden, and ice. The effects vary with the time, during h it lia« been tised, and with the quantity ta- in those who have eaten of it for a short it produces a variety of nervous symptoms, gating a disease called convulsive ergotism; Ij that caused by eating larger quantities, and ■ longer period, has obtained the name of mrcnout crgotisTn. {le first or convulsive variety of the disease licred in by an uneaify sensation in the feet; i I d of tickling or creeping, soon followed by ! I burn, disorder of the head, and trembling of (lands. To this succeed convulsions, foaming |e mouth, burning thirst, vertigo, and the I |toms of intoxication, ending at times in mad- I >r stupor. Almost all those affected, as if i| [jpilepsy, die. In many, the face was cover- I Ith an eruption resembling flea bites. In the il |r cases, in the interv.ils between the fits, the I I te was voracious, pulse natural, as were all ■ijijcretion:'. 1 ) gangrenous form of ergotism, commences tingling sensation of the part, which as- a roseate hue — the pulse is generally weak- id finally ceasea to beat ; then follows a ^s, swelling, violet color, and death of the ifc'Vith its separation in part, or entire, from the ' In another variety, which has been wit- in various parts of Germany, the chief )m3 were spasmoilic, contraction of the at first, and afterwards weakness of mind, y, and dyspepsy, which, if not followed by ry, as generally happened, terminated in fa- ll gangrene, jtic bread used by nurses for four or five Iriesup the secretion of milk. Of the med- )0wer3 of ergot we have nothing to say in ice. It is sufficient to remark, that they be inferred from what has been said above letriinental effects when nii.xed uji with al- nals into whose food spurred rye has large- red, have, after a time, been affected with rene of the limbs, ears, and tail, and inflam- of parts of the digestive canal. From the New York Gardener. OCTOBER. ,iTl judicious farmer will always so cultivate i as to improve its productive powers. He nure, plough and sow, with that object in ».;wl No immediate profit will ever tempt him ctice injurious to the fertility of his soil. AJertain periods, and under certain circum- he may very properly have recourse to eosive nietliod of summer-fallowing. The n nature of some soils imperiously demands lierever the roots of quitch-grass abound, no means more certain to destroy them, pring, our lands are never sufficiently dry laterially benefited by ploughing; indeed Infrequently happens, that in order to pro- iseoson a seed bed for our spring crops, we are compelled with the plough and harrow to in- jure the productive qualities of clay or loamy soils. In this country, where land is plenty and cheap, and labor comparatively high, it may be good farming to sunmier-fallow such land every sixth or seventh year, and not ofiener, if you will ob- serve a proper rotation of crops. In this you should be du-ected by local circumstances, and the inai-ket demand for the several kinds of grain. Free the surface of your land from every im- pediment to good tillage, and let your crops suc- ceed each other in the f)Ilowing order : — Bcin- ning with a complete summer-fallow, to be sown to wheat or rye ; as soon after harvest as possible, plough in the stubble ; in the spring of the third year, cross-plough, and plant to Indian corn ; this must he succeeded the fourth year, with barley or oats, and stocked down with clover, 1511)3. to the acre. The grass may be mowed, or pastured two or diree years, and again have recourse to sum- mer-fallow. A practice of this kind will improve your land without the expense of manure ; but it would be well if you could afford a coat of stable manure, once, at least, in this course ; and let that bn put on just previous to the corn or barley, and imme- diately covered with the furrow. In cultivating your garden, keep the same prin- ciples in view ; but here a naked summer-fallow is never necessary. The crops in your garden are taken off at so many different periods, and some of them so early in the season, that opportunity is always gained for working the ground in the com- pletest manner. It is a mistaken idea, that land ever requires absolute rest. Let the tillage be well performed ; let its productions be judiciously varied ; let suita- ble manure be properly applied ; and your soil will every year improve. Good tillage is indispensable, upon farm or gar- den ; and here you will have exercise for observa- tion and judgment. The same depth and number of ploughiugs which would be proper u|)on some land, you will find ijuite insufficient, or improper upon others. All clay or loamy soils are greatly benefited by fall ploughing. Tlio winter frost will more effectually pulverize such land than all the labor you can bestow ; besides, there is no practice mora destructive of grub-worms, nor can land be made fit for spring grain in any other way so cheap. A sandy soil may be wrought in a diff^n-nt manner. Here spring ploughing can be performed without injury, nor docs this kind of soil require the aid of frost to make it fine and light. A skilful agriculturist is fully satisfied of these truths, and directs his business accordingly. POTATOES, BEETS, a.nd CARROTS, should now be raisnd from the ground. — Choose a dry time for this business, and let the roots intend- ed for family consumption, be stored away with neatness. A proportion for winter use, should be put into the cellar, and completely covered with dry sand. This will greatly protect them from frost, if the cellar should he cold, and retard their vegetating, if warm. Besides, all these roots lose much of their excellence, if expo.sed only a few days to the nir, in any temperature. The residue of your crop may be buried upon the surface of a dry spot of ground; pile tbern with regidarity, and give the whole on every side, a roof-like slope ; theni cover this heap with dry sand, an inch or two deep, over which lay a good coat of drawn straw, up and down, as if thatching a house, in order to carry off the water ; then dig a trench around the heap, and cover the straw with the earth so dug up, in a depth sufficient to secure the roots from frost. N. B. Better make this covering unnecessarily deep, than one inch too shallow ; for the least frost will entirely spoil this kind of sauce for table use. PARSNIPS. ' In the management, or rather neglect of one of our finest vegetables, than which our gardens produce no richer, we see the tyranny of custom. ' From time immemorial, our fathers in the country have raised the parsnip only as a rarity, to be sought for a few days in the spring. And few farmers think it possible to deviate from this ancient rule, and by digging that vegetable in the fall, provide their tables with a very pleasant and useful winter variety. By taking it up in the fall, we not only gain a long use of the plant, but we have it in greater perfection ; for rarely can it be taken up in the spring, before it has sprouted, and the inside become ligneous. Indeed all roots should he dug in the fall, and if packed in a box, with earth from the beds from which they were taken, that the same moisture may be preserved, they can be kept until quite the beginning of sum- mer, possessing all their richness of juice, and nu- tritious qualities.' COMPOST MANURE. The skilful gardener is always distinguished by the preparation and. at)plication of his manure- He never carts out this powerful substance, and throws it at random about his garden ; for he knows full well, that instead of a blessing, in the hands of the ignorant, it frequently becomes a misfortune, and the immediate parent of sterility. Your various plants will not all require the same kind and quantity of manure. Stable man- ure, in its recent state, for potatoes, turnips, &c, is as good, if not better than any other. But for a large proportion of garden vegetables, the first summer, it will do more hurt than benefit. For these, you sliould annually make ready a composi- tion, and apply it when and where it may bo want- ed. Now, for this pin-pose, clean out your hog-sty and hen-roost, and every other depository of ani- mal excrements. If these do not furnish asupply, the barn-yard must contiibute the deficiency. With this, when carted out, mix an equal quantity of alluvial eorth, or turf-parings, taken from an old pasture, or highway, and in some convenient spot in the garden, make a heap thr^!e feet high, four feet wide, and as long as you please. U|)on every load of this mixture, spread a bushel or two of lime, or house .ishes. Let the top of this pile be flat or a little dishing, that the rain may wet it through, and to prevent loss by evaporation, cover the whole a few inches deep with mould from the garden. From a compost of this kind, most of your ten- der plants will derive an early supply of food, and start with strong appetites and vigorous habits. For cucumbers and melons, however, the fol- lowing is to be preferred : Take rotten cow-dung, or the remains of old hot-beds, one part; coarse sand, two parts; and new vegetable mould, from tlecaycd tree leaves three parts. This should be prepared at least a 94 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 8,1830, yeiir beCore il is used, anJ like other coinposts, be fn;c(iieiitly turned over, and tlioiou^'hly Tiiixed, If youisod and tilhigo are good, and tlie succes- sion of your crops judicious, a small dresfing every year from Iiea|i3 like tlicse, will acconiplisli much, and render your pianls strong and healthy ihrougli- oiit the ^^ea■ion. But when large quantities of manure of any kind are given at once, the drought and hnat of our summers frequently make it de- structive to your favorite nmslings. 7'lieir short and feeble roots can find no moisture; of course the wiiole plant droops and sickens in the sun, aiid is absolutely starvcil in the midst of plenty. SWEET POT.\TOKS. We have been presented by Mr Abel Hough TO.f, Jr,of Lynn, with a quantity of Sweet Potatoes, of a shape, size, and quality that will vie with any brought from the Southern States. Mr II. lias given us the following account of his mode of cultivating this delicious vegetable. ' The spe cimen of Sweet Potatoes that I send you are a part of eight bushels (after rejecting the small ones) that I have raised this season from si.x quarts of the slips |)nicured from Mr J. B. Russell's Seed Store last spring. The slips were started in a hot bed, as they are very apt to rol in the ground oth- erwise, anil not vegetate. They were planted in hills; in each hill was previously put half a bush- el of sanil, and half a bushel of loam mixed, with no manure; and otherwise were cultivated like common potatoes; I consider the culture of gweet potatoes, when well understood, as of less trouble in New England than the common potato, and more profitable to raise eveji for swine ami stock. Their flavor, when raised in proper soil, is equal to any brought from the Southern States, as the accompanying specimen will prove. I am satisfied that tlie slips you sold last spring, and procmed from Mr Darnell at the suggestion of Mr Lowell, were the true sort, and decidedly su- ])erior to any ever before offered for sale in Bus- ton.' We have also received a box of sweet potatoes from E.Edwards, Esq. of Springfield, who raised six bushels from four (piarts of slips — his method of culture is essentially similar to that of Mr Houghton, and was pursued vrith an equally satis- factory result. FRUIT STEALING. A fellow, who has lately broken into Mr Porto's garilen at Cambridgeport, twice in one Sunday evening, and carried off about half a bushel of peaches, and did some damage to grape vines, was lately arrested at Lowell, and rather than be brought to Cambridge and stand trial, paid ^^ dollars to be released, as far as Mr Pond was con- cern 'd. The Commonwealth have not yet settled the matter in their behalf We shall next week pub- lish tlie statute law on this subje-t, which is very eevere as well as salutary. — We are happy to state that several gentlemen in the neighboring towns wiio liave suffered severely, are determined to prosecute all trespa.ssers of the above sort, to tlie utmost extent of the law. — Many a person, who has begun his career of vice by stealing from an orchard, has ended it with a baiter about his neck. From tho Mtnufaetureri and Farmer** Journal and tlio Microcoita PAWTUXET FAIR. The annual Cattle Show and Fair of the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry was holden at Pawtuxel, on ihe 29lh Sept. The exhibition of stock and houseluld manufactures evinced a gratifying iinproveiiient. There were some shop articles of considerable mer- it, among which wo noticeil plated silver harness; some large files; a handsome telescope, by Mr Hamlin. We also observed a pretty general a!?sortinenl of trees, shrubbery and flowers, from the garden of the Messrs Dyers, in Cranston. This establL-h- ment promises much utility to cultivators in this part of the State, and, we trust, will meet a com- mensurate patronage. The trees and plants ap- peared healthy ami vigorous. We mention, with pleasure, the fact, that the liberal offers of the Society, last year, to induce the cultivation of the Mulberry, have iwt been without success. Messrs Dyers have already a nursery often thousand scf(//!»gs, from 2 to 3 I'eut in height. These were sown on the 17tli of -'Vpril last. Mr Spinic, of North Kingstown, has 4,500 seedlings, which were sown the 2Sth or 29tli of April, and are now vigorous and thrifty. Other plantations of this tree, on a less extensive scale, have been commenced, in different |iaits of the State; and we doubt not that the establishment of a Jilinture, with a regular price for cocoons, would insure the production at no distant period, of silk in considerable quantities. There was only one small lot of cocoons exhibiteil at the Fair. These were made on the farm of Mr Ives, in Warwick. While on this subject, it may not be improper to inform those interested, that it has been asser- ted on good authority, that silk worms will feed on the leafofthe common low bramble, or blaokheriy liiisb, so called, as greedily as on the mulberry ; and that the substitution of this new food has not been found to change perceptibly, the quality of the silk. If such be the fact, we hope that those who can vouch for it from personal cxjierj- ence, will give particular and circumstantial details of what they have seen ; that people may he pre- pared to turn the discovery to good advantage, another year. OFFICIAL REPORTS 0/tke Rliode hla-.d Callle Show and Fair, for 1S30. The following reports, made by the respective Committees, on Wednesday the 29th of Septem- ber, were severally accepted by the Standing Committee, and the premiums directed to be paid its therein awarded. NEAT STOCK, EXCEPT WORKI."»0 CATTLE. The Committees on Neat Slock, have had no lif-sitation in awarding the first premium on Bulls, to James D'Wolf, of Bristol, for a full blood short orn, sired by a noted Bull (and to whom he is no discredit) imported by George D'Wolf, out of an imported Dam — premium $12 They were equally unanimous in awarding the second premium on Bulls, to J. J. Paine, of Smithfield, for a Bull 16 months old— ,$10 Alter much hesitation, the committee awarded the third premium on Bulls, to James Douglas, of Portsmouth, $S This Bull is descended from the D'Wolf stock. For the best Bull Calf, 6 months old the pre- miuin is awarded to Sam. Baker of Warwick, $5 For the second best Bull Calf, 4 months old, the premium is awarded to Carr Harrington, of East Greenwich, $3 The third premium on Bull Calves is aw.irde to William Beverly, of Providence, for a Coif 1 weeks old, $2 Founli premium on Bull Calves, to Sioii i Rhodes, of Cranston |ll For the best Cows, not less than two in nun bcr, the premium awarded to Thos. R. Gieeiii of Wi.rwick, $S In tliiriy days these Cows yielded 2131 lbs. ( milk; one of them averaging 32 lbs. and the otln 39 lbs. a day. There were other fine Cows, but no certificate having been pre.scnted, the Commiaet. GORTON ARNOLD, V DUTEE ARNOLD, } [To be concluded nExt week.] MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETt Saturday, October 2, 1830. r n u I T s . Pears. — From Mr R. Toohey, of Waltlinir^ fruit of Gore's lleatlicot, from the original tret and of uiinsiial fine appearance, and cxcellef quality ; in flavor much rct--cmliling a sprightly; Michael, and of equally fine appearance. Oi weighed 8;} oz., two, 7 oz, and a cluster of foi 1 J lbs. Mr Toohey stated that from the irecsni: being so full as usual, the fruit was over tlit common size The committee recommend lli^ Seedling Pear, as deserving of extensive ciillii; tion. From A. Brimmer, Esq. of Boston, a brum of St Mirhael's, 26 inches lonj;, containing large and fair pears, wpiirhin;; in ai] 10 Ihs. 3 From G. G. C lanniiig, Eq. of I'ceto;!, fruin the Brown Ri.urr^, and St Michael, oi' fine «| pearancc. From Cant. D. Chandler, of Lexin: Ion, fruit of the St Michael, taken from a tree his neigliliorhciod. The fruit from this tieeli thus far been free from blight, whicli has sogti erally aflTected, in this vicinity, this fine vi From Gen. Dearborn, fruit of the English Bergs inotte. From Mr Tucker, of Roxbiiry, a peart good flavor, name unknown to the coiniiiillf From Mr John Perry, of Sherburne, Pear, nnm unknown. From Mr .Alexander Young, of Hostoi fruit of his fine large Baking Pear, name niikiin*' one (jear weighed 20 oz. From Mr Wm. Pni' Jr, of Watertown, fruit of the Brown Bsurr^, Lon: Green, and a varieiy, name unknown. From f' Parsons, Esq. of Brighton, fruit of the Eii(lic«; Pear, of very large size and fine appearance, soiiK weighing 8 oz. each. .flpples. — From Gorliam Parsons, Esq. fruit the Gravenstein, Washington Pearniainj and VVi' Vol.lX. — Nn.lO, AND HOIITJCULTUUAL JOURNAL. 95 Sopjiiviiie. The Gruvcnstein was iis fjood ng, ami is of tine Havor, and well ttorlli}" ol' iraiiiiii. From Mr P. S. Hastings, of Lcxing- !i Sec-illiiig A|i|)lt', from Lilllctoii, name iin- \vn to ilie- committee ; a fine eiilin); apple, of i red appearanee, and yaid to be a iin-at hearer. Ill Mr J. l'|ili.wn, of Newton, lar-je apples, e unknown. From W. Pratt, J r, frnitoffoiir ?»ie.s. Tlie trees received doin Jlumlinr^', anil es unknown — those that were in eating, of ileiit <]nality. caches. — From R. Manning, fruit of tlie Col 11, (Cox, No. 30.) From Mr E. M. Richards, edham, Hills Ma apply to the peach.] 2 e.Yhibiiioii on the 26tli ult. the following 3 exhibited but not reported at the time, amiiel G. Perkins, Esq. two varieties of Peaches; also fruit of all imported variety From D. Hagger^ton, fruit of the Pme Try. Native Red Grapes, from A. Derby, Randolph ; also Native Red Grajies from nan in Wevinoutli. iir FLOWERS. ), r™ Win. Pratt, Esq. Watertown, fine Double (I'.if From David Hag;,'erston, Charlestowu , fine Double Dahlias. :;( "Jattle Shou; 'f-c, of the Essex Jigricultural ook place at North Andover.on Thursday, ult. It was well atteinled, and the ex- was |)ronounced, on the whole, to have ■lerior to any before witnessed in that ly We Lave not room for [larticulars this Executor'a Sale at ^luction. On the promises, at 3 o'cloeli, P. M. on tlio 22d Inst. — A Farm of 30 acres — his valauble slock of BIoikI Horses, Brond Maros and Colts, short horned Durham Gallic, liakewell Sheep, &c, comprising the most extensive selection of Ihoiough bred animals in the United Slates, and well worthy ihe attention of those who desire to improve the breed in this country For further particulars, or catalogues, apply to the sub- scriber, at No. 4, Wall-street Court, or al Harlem. CHARLES HENKV HALL. JVew Vork. Sept. 25, 1S30. 2w »ESPOMDENTs. — We have in type, but are defer this week, several communications — lich are a letter from Mr Prince of Flushing — In Bees — one on transplanting trees in the fall, ll others. Ke/trick JVurserics in jYewfon, near Boston. For sale at the Keneicic Nurseries in Newton, an extensive assortment of Apples, Peais, Peaches, Plums, Cheiries, Apricots, Nectarines, Mulberries, Quinces, Raspber- ries, Grape Vines, fioiiseberry and Currant bushes, and ten finest varieties of Strawberries, including Wilmol's Superb. Also about 200 varieties of the most ornamental hardy trees and shrubs, including the Double Silver Fir and Double Spruce, Horse Chestnuts, Mountain .\sh. Gum Acacia, Three Tborned Acacia, Butternuts, Ailai.thus or Tree of Heaven, Elms, Sugar Maples, Flowering Catal- pas. Weeping Willows, Napoleon, do do. Honeysuckles, and a superb xariety of haidy Ro^es, &c, &c. Many of the above sorts of trees of extra sizes. White Mulberkv Tkeks by the 100 or 1000-^for plantations. U.\BELLA Gr-4pe Vines, either singly or by the 100, at reduced prices. Wrilti'n orders addressed to John or William Ke.v- RiCK, Newton, and tiansmitted by the dailv mail, or otherwise, or if more convenient, left at the office of the New Enjland Farmer, where dialogues may be obtained gratis, will be promptly attended lo. Bu* purchasers are invited v,hen convenient, to call and examine the trees, &c, for themselves, and make their own selections. Trees, &c, will he delivered in Boston free of expense for transpotalion, when ordered ; and when particularly desired, Iboy will be packed in malts with either clay or moss for sea or land transportation. eptD Oct. 8. Grape Vints. The subscriber has for sale at his garden in Dorchester, the choicest vai'iety of Grape Vines ever offered for sale in this vicinity. Many of them are now in fruit, and purchasers are invited to call and make a selection. The following compose a pai'tof the vaiiety Black Hamburg Black Cape, White Miiscailine, Golden Muscat, (■"ore's, (a beauliful Black Grape) Caroline. Napoleon, White Chasselas, Golden Chasselas, Red Chasselas, Black Constantia, Bland, Feriol. 8 varieties of superior fruit from Xores and Malaga. 400 two years old Is.abellas. 1400 one " " " 2n0 Cat.awb.4, or what hasherefofore been considered the Bland. It is now satisfactorily ascertained Ihat the Bland grape will not ripen in this climate, in the open ground. Orders by mail, addressed to the Subscriber, or person- al application at his office. No. 7i Congress-street, for any number of Vines from one lo one hundred or more, will meet with prompt attention. Application may also be made to Patrick Kennedy, at the garden. Boston, Sept. 27, 1830. 5t ZEBEDEE COOIv. Brighton Cattle Show, October 20. All persons are desired to take notice, that in conse- quence of the change by the Trustees of the Massachu- setts Society for Promoting Agriculture, of the day of the Brighton Cattle Show, from Wednesday the 13lh, to Wednesday the 20lh of Oclober next, oil the offers of Premiums, and all Ihe Rules and Regulations, must be understoorl as for Wednesday the 20lh. instead of Wed- nesday the 13lh. Per order of the Trustees. Oct. 2. Bolivar Calves, Saxo7iy Bucks, and Bremen Geese. For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired by the celebrated im- ported improved Durham short horned bull Bolivar, which stock have pi'oduccd 36 quarts of ndlk a day. No. 1, dam Grey Brown, half Cadebs and half Galloway. No. 2, dam Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, her sire Ccelebs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Cow. No. 4, ilaiii Beauty, half Coelchs and half Galloway. The Calves are beautiful, and their dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlings, and 2 Lambs. 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shurt- leff, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. .Vtio England Firmcrs'' Almanac, for 1831. Just published, and for sale l>y J. B Russell, at his Seed Sto'-e, No 52 North Market Stieet, the New England Farmer's Almanac, for 1831. By Thomas G. Fessende.v, Editor of the New England Farmer. The Astronomical Calculations, by the Editor of the astronomical part of the American Almanac. This Almanac contains the usual miscellaneous and ngricultural articles — a list of the civil officers of the United States, with the Governors, Lieut. Governors, and Judges of the United States, and the Governors of the British Colonies — a chronicle of the most remarkable events bttween August, 1S29, and Sept. 1830— a com- plelc Calendar for each Slate in New England, including Ihe Probate Courts t'or New England — the Sun's declina-. tion, &c. The tides are particulaily calculated. Among the agricultural articles, are a descriplionof Mr Phinney's Improved roller, with a drawing ; and a di'awing and de- scription of an Improved Harrow, used on Capt. Daniel Chandler's Farm in Lexington. Price $6,00 per gioce — C2J cts. per dozen. Oct. 1. Bulbous Roots. Just received at the Seed stoie connected with the New England Farmer. 52 North Market-street, A food collection of Lily Roots, viz. — tlie Tiger, (spot- ted) Martagon, (spotted) Oringe, and Wliite Lilies. These make a fine appearance in the borders of gardens. They are hardy and durable. These plants have bulbous roots, and should be pl.inted in rich soil, four inches deep, measuring fi-om the top of the bulb. The small roots be- low the bulb, are perennial. Mariagon Lilies grow from five to seven (cet high, and produce from fifteen to twenty- five very delicate flowers on a stalk. The White Lily grows to the height of three to lour feet, and produces large, white, fragrant flowers, 'fhe whole are easily culiivateii. and are well calculated to beautify a border. B.tiGiiToj* Maricet — Mondai/, Oct. 4. At Market this day 2509 Cattle, probably 1600 to 1300 were Beef Cattle ; 5035 Sheep, and 630 Swine. The market today was quite lively, the barrelers com- menced purchasing early, which never fails to give ' life and energy' lo business, although their prices today were not quite so high as last Monday. Prices— Beef Cattle— Me^s. $350 a367, No.l, $3a 3 17 ; Market Cattle from §3 to 4 50 — very few brought as high as 4 50. Sheep. — Sales quick. We noticed one lot of 300 thin, taken at $1 33 ; several lots at $1 .50 a 1 62* ; several at Pomace Shovels. at the Agricultural Warehouse, 53, North *'i.cimet, a few very supeuur pomace sboveU. Treatise on Bees. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, ' $1 75 ; one lot of 175 at $2; one lot of 30 Wethers at A further supply of a Practical Treatise on the Manage- about $'i. mentof Bees; and the Establishment of Apiaries, with i .Su^ne.— We noticed one lot of 60 Barrows, old, taken the best metbnd of destroying and preventing the depre- ' at 3c ; 1 of 20 Sows at Si ets ; 1 of 575 Shoats at 3| cts ; dations of the Bee Moth. By James Thacher, M. D. j one of 92 Shoals at :H cts— retail price 4 cts for Sows, 4i Price 75 cents, I for Barrows. — Patriot. 96 NEW ENGLAND FARMEK. Oct. 8, 1830,. MISCELLANIES [From ihe Token for 1831.] THE MIDNIGHT MAIL. BY MISS H. r. COULD. 'TismidnlRlil— all is peace profound '. Bui lo! upon Ihc murmuring ground, Tlie lonely, swelling, hurrjing sound Of distant wheels is beard ; They come — they pause a moment— when, Their charge resigned, Ihcy start, and then Are gone, and all is hushed again As not a leaf had stirred. Hast thou a parent far away — A beauteous child to be thv slay In life's decline— or sisters, they Who shared thine infant glee t A brother on a foreign shore 1 Is he whose breast thy token bore. Or are thy treasures wandering o'er A wide tumultuous sea 1 If aught like these, then thou must feel The rattling of that reckless wheel. That brings the bright, or boding seal, On every trembling thread That strings thy heart, till morn appears To crown thy hopes, or end thy fears — To light the smile, or draw thy tears, As line on line is read. Perhaps thy treasure's in the deep— Thy lover in a dreamless sleep — Thy brother where thou canst not weep Upon his distant grave ! Thy parent's hoary head no more May shed a silver lustre o'er His children grouped — nor death restore Thy son Irom out the wove ! Thy prattler's tongue perhaps is stilled, Thy sister's lip is pale and chilled, Thy blooming bride, perchance, has filled Her comer of the tomb. May be, the home where all thy sweet And tender recollections meet. Has shown its flaming winding sheet. In niidn'ght's awtul gloom ! And while alternate, o'er my soul, Those cold, or burning wheels will roll Their ligiit or shade, beyond control, Till morn shall bring relief. Father in heaven, wl ate'er may be The en,! which thou hast sent for me, I know 'lis good, prepand by Thee, Though filled with joy or grief. by the Duke of Alva, lo overawe the inhabitants. The whole appearance of its public buildings, streets, and houses, affords the most inrontestlble evidence of its for- mer splendor. Many instances of the immense wealth of its nierchanls are recorded: among others, it is said that when Charles V. once dined wiin one of the chief magistrates, his host, immediately after dinner, threw into Ihe fire a bond for two millions cf ducats, which he had received as security for a loan to that monarch, say THE BEGINNINGS OF EVIL. Young men, for the most part, are but lit aware of the danger which attends tlie heginnin of evil. No one becouies suddenly abandoned a profligate. There is always a gradual progre lie begins in slight, occasional departures fr< rectitude, and goes from one degree of guilt ing that he was more than repaid by Ihe honor of being i another, till conscience becomes seared, the permitted to entertain his sovereign.— X)r. Lardner's ^ious propensity strong, the habit of indulger Cabinet Cyclopadia. OIL OF SUNFLOWER. I was much pleased at the late exhibition of the Frank- lin Institute, with the anove beautiful vegetable oil, pre- sented by Mr, George W. Carpenter, who has appended the following remarks to the sample exhibited, and as the article is new and valuable, any information on the subject is interesting: ' This article is yet but little known, but promises to be of great importance, and from its value and usefulness, the consequent demand will no doubt be an object for the attention of our agriculturists. It answers threelold pur- poses: the cold expressed, lor table and physician's use, and the hot-pressed for painter's and ordinary purposes: it is an extremely bland oil, and is preferable to sweet oil for liniment and surgical uses, and is adapted for all Ihe purposes which the fine olive oil is used. The sun- flower requires little care or attention in the cultivation, and will grow readily in almost any variety of soil. The product of seed is very considerable, a bushel of which will yield about three quarts of oil. From the experi- ments which have already been made, it can be obtained at a less cost than the best olive oil — it can no doubt be made much lower when it is extensively cultivated. But few experiments have yet been made in its application I gave a sample of it lo one of our experienced artists in this city, who informed ino it answered his purpose bet- ter than the poppy or nut oil, and thought it a valuable acquisition. I have no doubt it will he found to answer many other useful purposes on further experiments with it.* In addition to Mr. Carpenter's remarks, I would add, that it is a valuable substitute for the spermaceti : it burns brilliant with little smoke, and when extensively culti- vated, will no doubt compete in price and use with that article. It certainly deserves full investigation. A Friend to Improvement. A notorious toper used to mourn about not having a regular pair of eyes; one being black and the other light hazel : ' It is very lucky for you,' replied his friend ; ' for if your eyes had been matches your uose would have set them on fire long ago.' Filial Piety. — Ouang-Ouei-Yuen, having lost his mo- ther, who was extremely dear to him, passed three years of mourning in a hut, and employed himself, in his re- tirement, in composing verses in honor of her memory. which are quoted as models of sentiment and tenderness. The three years of his mourning having elapsed, he re- turned to his former residence, but did not therefore for- get his filial affection. His mother had ever expressed great apprehensions of thunder; and when it thundered, always requested her son not to leave her. Therefore, as toon as he heard a storm coming on, he hastened to his moiher's grave, saying soltly to her, as though she could hear—"' 1 am here, mother" ! Customs of China. Wealthofthe Merchants o/ Antwerpinformertimes. — The city of Antwerp is nearly a semicircle, of about seven miles round. It was defended by the citadel, built Eruption of Mount .BStna. The Journal of Com- merce gives the following translation from a Bordeaux paper, describing a terrible eruption of Mount Mind., which occurred in the month of May : — " The terrible explosion which opened seven craters of the volcano at once, has destroyed eight villages in the neighborhood of the mountain, to which neither the lava nor the fire ever extended before. All the build- ings have disappeared under the heaps of calcined stones and burning cinders, which were thrown from the new openings of jEtna. Notwithstanding the fright- ful detonation? which announced beforehand the ap- proach of the catastrophe, the lnhabit::nts of these vil- lages remained quietly in their dwellings, considering themselves safe on account of the distance, which had preserved them in all preceeding eruptions, however vi- olent. In the destruction of these villages and the neighboring hamlets, perished a great many victims, belli men and animals. On the 24th of May the consum- ed edifices were still smoking, and these unhappy places were inaccessible on account of the heat which was given out from the cinders, stones and lava, with which they are covered. It was not until the eighth day after the disaster, that it was possible to approach for the pur- pose of affording any succor. But the search was en- tirely useless. Never was calamity more terrible, more unexpected, or more general. The shores of Calabria, and some ports of Italy, lying in the current of Ihe wind which blew on that disastrous night, were covered with the same kind of ashes under which the places in the vi<^inity of jEtna were buried. Sicily will long re- member this disaster, which has devastated the richest and most fertile country in the wo: Id. Commerce of Boston.— From the 12th (o the 20th of September, 64 vessels were entered at the Custom House in this city, from foreign ports, and will probably pay duties to the amount of $400,000. fixed, and the character ruined Nothing is more obvious than this connexion 1 twnen the beginning and Ihe consummation evil ; and yet, hardly anything is more difRci than to convince the young of its reality. In i tering upon wrong courses they have not the le expectation or fear of the dreadful issue. Tl mean not to proceed beyond the point of safe and they have no doubt, they can easily eflTect escape, whenever danger ajipears ; but ere tl are aware, they arc arrested by the iron grasj: habit, and ruined forever. Take for example, a young man, who occasi ally drinks to excess in the social circle ; he d not dream that he is entering upon a course wli will probably end in confirmed intemperance, means no harm ; he says of the sin, is it nt little one r there can be no danger of this, soon his bands are made strong, and he becoi the slave of a sottish vice. Thus it is with all vicious practices. Howt slight at first, they tend, by a strong and neces; impulse, to the point of utter depravity of pri pie, and ruin of character. There is uo safety in guarding against the first approaches of i To step upon forbidden ground is to throw o self into the power of the destroyer ; and if ' interpose not to deliver, ruin is inevitable. It a wise saying among the ancients, that the wa vice lies down hill. If you take but a few 81 the motion soon becomesso impetuous and vio that it is impossible for you to resist it. Published every Friday, at g3 per annum, payable I end of the year-but those who pay within sixty days froi time of subscribing, are entitled to a deduction uf fifty c [13^ No paper will be sent to a distance without payi being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts — by ' all descriptions of Printing can be executed to mee wishes of customers. Orders for printing received b/ Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 I Market Street. AGENTS. New York—G. Thobburn & Son, 67Liberly-strcel. PhilaJelpliia— I). & C Landketh. 85 Chestnut-slreel. Ballimore — G. B.Smith, Office of the American Farm'' A'.bany — Hon. Jesse Buel. TKo-.„ju„. —u . - I jj .u ■ .■ rais/uW, JV. K. Wm. Prince &SoNs,Piop. Lin. Bot.t' Thecreditor whose appearance gladdens the heart of /fo,.,/<,rl/_GooDwiN & Sons. a debtor, may hold bis head la sunbeams anil his foot on I Ha/t/"y the Ivni-^ rsona receiving the premiums. For the best Pigs, not less than two in um- , nor less than four months old, nomore IB eight $10. For the next best do, $5. one of the above animals, e.'ccept Sheep, aabove cified, will be entitled to premiums, unless tly are oily bred in the State of Massachusetts. Iny of the above Stock, when raised and still wned "le time of the exhibition by the person whoaised m, will entitle the claimant to an allowance of n pei t. Id addition. K'o .inininl, for which to any owner one prciniuni shall I niinntitu nP ,}r„ I>„ ■ have been awarded, shall be considered a subject for anv ?, . u Y ? .L^ ^""^ "^" ^" ^'='''^' "»* '^SS than future premium of the Society, except it be for an en- '^" bushels, $20. tirely distinct premium, and for qualities diUcrent from -10 the -person who shall raise the greatest ' Pro- 1 nni? ^' «:'i''=l' the foriner premium was awarded. Any quantity of dry Beans on an acre not less than , animal which shall have obtained a premium as a Milch ;!0 bushek ^OO ' ge of I HHfcr shall not afterwards be entered for premium as a •^"'^"snels, ii.„0. ■^o.f'e person who shall raise the greatest »itli# For Grain and Vegetable Crops. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Indian Corn on an acre, not less than 100 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of vegetables, [grain, peas, and beans excepted] for winter consumption, of the stock of his own farm, and not for sale, in proportion to the size of the farm, the stock kept, having regard to the respective value of said vegeta- bles as food, stating the expense of raising the same, and the best mode of preserving the same tiiroughout the winter, $30. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Winter Wheat on an acre, not less than 30 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Barley on an acre, not less than 45 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Rye on an acer, not less than 30 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest crop of Millet on an acre, cut and cured for hay, not less than three tons, the claimant giving ev- idence of the time of sowing, the quantity of seed sown, and the quantity of hay produced. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Carrots on an acre, not less than 600 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Potatoes on an acre, not less than 500 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of common Beets on an acre, not less than COO bushels, $20. To the person who shall rai,se the greatest quantity of Sugar Beets on an acre, not less than 600 bushels, $20. quantity of Mustard Seed not less than 20 bush- els, $20. To the person who shall give proof of hav- ing produced the largest quantity of dressed t lax, and not less than 500 pounds on an acre. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity and best quality of Hemp on an acre $40. * To entitle himself to either of the premiums for Grain or V egetable crops, the person claiming, must cultivate a tract ol at least one acre, in one piece, with the plant or production for which he claims a premium, and must state m writing uader oath of himself, and one other person, [accompanied by a certificate of the measurement of the and^y some sworn surveyor,] the following particu- 1. The state of the land in the spring of IS.SO. ~. The product and general state of cultivation an^ qualify of manure employed on it the year preceding. o. The quantity of manure used the present seasou. 4. The quantity of seed used, and if Potatoes, the sort. 5. the time and manner of sowing, weeding, and har- vesting the crop and the amount of the product, ascer- tained by actual measurement, after the whole produce, lor which a premium is claimed, is harvested, and the en- lire expense of cultivation. 6. In regard to Indian Corn, the entire crop of the acre ottered f.-r premium, if shelled, must be measured between the 1 ;Ati \ov. and 1st December. If not shelled, the wholt: must be weighed within the same dates— and the Trus- tees have determined to consider 75 pounds of Com and Cob as equivalent to one bushel of shelled Corn. And in relation to all vegetables, [except Potatoes, On- ions, and common Tutnips] at least 40 bushels must be weighed, aid 56 pounds will be considered as equal to, one bushel, fiee from dirt. Fur Experiments and Discoveries. For a mode of extirpating the worm that at-. tacks the Locust Tree, which shall appear to the satisfaction of the Trustees to be effectual, $100. For a mode hitherto unknown, to extirpate the Borer that attacks the Apple Tree, which shall appear to the satisfliction of the Trustees rx, ,, , , „ . , , to he effectual and cheaper than any mode now 1 o the person who shall raise the greatest in use $50 antity of Parsnips on an acre, not less than | For' an effectual and satisfactory mode of de- I stroying the Bee Moth, or of preventing its rav- ages, $20. To the person who shall make the experiment of turning in green crops as a manure, on a tract not less than one acre, and prove its utility and cheapness, giving a particular account of i the process and its result, $20. quantity of Parsnips on an acre, not less than 400 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Mangel Wurtzel on an acre, not less than 600 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatsst quantity of Ruta Baga on an acre, not less than GOO bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Turnips on an acre, not less than ' m' T ^"T '"7 '"'" "'^ """ ""/W ""'""r 600 bushels $^0 1 °"' Machine and apply it most successfully to the To the person who shall use the Drill Plough 600 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Onions on an acre, not less than 600 bushels, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest quantity of Cabbages on an acre, not less than 25 tons' weight, free from earth when weighed, $20. To the person who shall raise the greatest cultivation of any small grains or seeds, on scale of not less than one acre, $20. To'the person who shall prove to the satisfac- tion of the Trustees, that his mode of rearing, feeding, and fattening neat cattle, is best, $20. . To the person who shall prove to the satisfac- tion of the Trustees, the utility and comparative value of the cobs of Indian Corn, when used with or without the grain itself ground or bro- ken, $20. ' Claims under the two last heads, together with the proper evidences, must be delivered, free of expense to 'Se^amin Gu>ld, Esq. [in Boston] Ass^tam Recorchng Secretary of this Society, on or belore the 1st day ot Ue- cembernext. The Trustees will decide upoa sa>d claims at Their meeting on the second Saturday of .aid month. For Butter, Cheese, and C'der. For the best Cheese, not less than one year old, and not less in quantity than one hundre^ pounds 810. For the next best do, do, hb. For the best Cheese, less than o^ne year old, $10 for the next best do, do, $5. For the best Butter, not less than fifty pounds, $15 For the next best do, do, $10. For the next best, do, do, $7. For the next best, do, do, $5 For the greatest quantity of Butter and Cheese, made between the 1.5th of Miy and the 1st of October, from not less than four Cows, the quantity of Butter and Cheese, and the number of Cows, to be taken into consideration, and specimens to be exhibited at the Show, of not less than 20 pounds of each, and the mode of feeding, if anything besides pasture was used, $20. For the best specimens of Cider, not less than one barrel, made in 1829, manufactured by the person who shall exhibit the same, and from apples grown on his own farm, §15. For the next best barrel, .$10. The person obtaining the first premium shall be entitled to a further sum of $-5. as a com- pensation for the premium barrel of Cider, which will be retained and used at the Show Dinner, in order that he may have the credit of it. ["These premiums will be continued in future years. Persons claiming them must state, in writing, their pro- cess of making and managing their cider, and (he kind ol apples used.] NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 15, 1830. To the person who shall produce at the Show any other agricultural implement of his own in- vention, which shall, in the opinion of the Trus- tees, deserve a reward, a premium not exceed- ing Iwenty dollars — according to the value of the article exhibited. In all cases, proof must be given of the work done by the machine, before it is exhibited ;— and ol its havin" been used and approved by some practical farmer. Persons who have taken out patents for their inventions are not thereby excluded from claiming any of the above premiums. . No claimant will be entitled to a premium, unless, in the opinion of the Committee, the machine or implement presented by him shall be superior to any designed tor the same use, and which shall have heretolore gained a premium. Besides the above premiums for Butter, the Trustees will award two, as follows, in the month of December next. . For the best lot of Butter, in tubs or firkins, (not less than three hundred pounds) $100. For the second best, S50. The butter offered for these two premiums must be deposited at the Agricultural Ware- house, No. .53, North Market street, Boston, care of Mr John B. Russell, on or before the 1st day of December, and a claim in writing be ad- dressed to Benj. Guild, Esq. (in Boston) As- sistant Recording Secretary, (post paid) on or before said day . Farmers in other States are invited to com- pete for these two premiums. Competitors are offered the further inducement of a ready mar- ket, and high prices for good butter. An auc- tioneer will be employed by the Trustees to sell at public auction all the butter presented, with- OJit charge to the owners, unless the owners should prefer to dispose of it at private sale. For Inventions. To the person who shall invent the best ma- chine for pulverizing and grinding plaster to the fineness of 25 bushels per ton, and which shall require no more power than a pair of oxen or a horse, to turn out two tons per day, and 10 portable that it can be moved from one farm to another without inconvenience, $30. For raising Trees and Hedges. To the person who, on or before the 1st De- cember, 1S32, shall have raised the largest plantation of the White Mulberry Tree, not less than 2000 plants, nor less than three years old, $50. To the person who shall exhibit within the same time, the greatest quantity of raw or unman- ufactured silk, not less than v G.- PARSONS, ( E. H. DERBY, ( Committee. J. HEARD, Jr. -> January, 1830. From tlie Microcosm. PAWTUXET FAIR Conlinued from page 94. SHEEP AND SWIKE. The committee on Sheep and Swine, awarded the first premium for the best boar Pig, to Arthur Greene, $6 To Abner Sprague, next best, 4 To Elisha Baker, for the next best, 2 To Russel Proctor for two fine Pigs, 6 To Arthur Greene, for the next best, 4 To Abner Sjirague, for the next best, 2 They award for the best Ram, belonging to Charles Potter, $8 The next best, to the same, 3 The next best, to the same, 3 To William Potter, for the six best Ewes, $6 To Charles Potter, for the sis next best, 4 THOMAS HOLDEN, For the Committee. ground, and your committee regret their inability to notice them in a more satisfactory manner. The first premium on brood mares and colts, is awarded to Thomas G. Allen, of N. Kings- ton, $10 The second premium of eight dollars to Abra- ham C. At wood, of Johnston, $8 It is recommended that a premium of two dol- lars be awarded to Charles Potter, of Ports- mouth, for a fine mare and colt, presented by him, $2 CHARLES ELDRIDGE, For the Committee. WORKING CATTLE. The Committee on working Cattle beg leave to report that after viewing a large number of fine looking oxen, they award the first premium to Ohiey Williams, Cranston, $8 The second premium to H. Sarle, 6 The third do, for a pair of Oxen, owned by James F. Simmons. 4 The fourth do, to Seneca Stone, 2 On three year old Steers, the first premium, to John Foster, 6 The second premium to Olney Williams 4 The third premium to Philip Paine, 2 On 2 year old Steers, the second premium to Samuel Budlong, of Cranston, 4 SIGNS OF A GOOD FARMER. His corn land is ploughed in the fall. He seldom lets his work drive him. Has a cook- ing stove with plenty of pipe to it. The wood lots he possesses are fenced. His sled is housed in summej, and his cart, ploughs and wheelbarrow, winter and summer, when not in use ; has as many yoke of good oxen as he has horses — Doee not feed his h^gs with whole grain — Lights may be seen in his house often before break of day in winter — His hog pen is boarded inside and out — has plenty of weeds and mud in his yard the fall — All hi.s manure is carried out from his buildings and barn yard twice in the year, and chip dung once a year — His cattle are almost all tied up in the v^-inter — He begins to find out that manure put on land in a green state is the most profitable — Raises three times as many turnips and potatoes for his stock as he does for his family — Has a good ladder raised against the roof of his house — Has more lamps in his house than candlesticks — Has a house on purpose to keep his ashes in, and an iron or tin vessel to take them up — He has a large barn and a small house — seldom has more pigs than cows — adjoining his hog pen he has a hole to put weeds and sods, and makes three loads of best manure from every old hog and two from every pig. A good farmer in this country begins to find out that steaming vegetables can be done at one third the expense of boiling — and that Mangel Wurtzel, Millet, Carrot, and Ruta Baga root crops are things worth thinking of — he fences before he ploughs and manures before he sows — He deals more for cash than on credit 100 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 15, 1830 NAPOLEON AND PASSE COLMAR PEARS Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq. Dear Sir— In your paper of Sept. 24tli, the Hon. John Lowell states that he shall not continue the discussion which has existed 'w/u/cr any cir- cumstances.' Believing tliat such was nally the intent of Mr L., and being willing at all times to ])ursue a conciliatory course, I had concluded to suppress nearly four columns of matter jirepared aliout two weeks since. It is therefore to be re- gretted that the/rji ariw/e, in your very next jm- per, should be a rcnawal of the attack by Mr Lowell, under the anonymous title of 'Jlgricola.' I forbear all comment, but the widely altered stylo of this last communication might have concealed from one unskilled as myself the real author of it, were it not that I have no recollection of having ever imparted to any one the circumstances to which it alludes save B'lr L. himself. That cir- cumstance (although I do not acknowledge the justice of the call.) I will now explain, and, for the sake of harmonj', it is perhaps to be regretted that he has noticed a circumstance so conclusive a<:^ainst liiinself. In the summer of 1829, 1 paid a visit to Boston, and in one of my letters addressed to Long Island, I stated that I should soon send !i quantity of scions of the Huhbardston Nonsuch, Red Baldwin, and other choice apples of that vi- cinity. In the mean time, Mr Lowell, with that liberality which so particidarly distinguishes him, aud to which no one pays more homage than myself, ])resentcd me with scions of several of liis newest pears, the whole being carefully en- veloped and numerically labelled. In the haste of the moment I transmitted the scions to Flusliing without remark, myself stopping at Rhode Island, where I was spending the summer. we may vainly look for in our country) declares, that ultliough he has twice obtained scions called Napoleon, he has not yet a genuine tree ia his possession. Where other trees are similarly sit\iated, the owners can easily correct the error by the foliage, wood, and growth, without waiting for either flow- ers or fruit, and my first object is therefore an- swered. In conclusion, I have to state, that in no part of my communications, have I censured Mr Knight, or even referred to liim, and I shall always en- deavor to equal Mr Lowell iu discussing all dif- ferences with good humor and free from prejudice and ill-will. Very Respectfully, WM. ROBERT PRINCE. BEES. Mr Editor — A singidar circumstance has tak- en place in two swarms of bees, which 1 think will be interesting to those who Imve studied the economy of this interesting and useful insect. You must know that I am quite a young bee master, having commenced last spring with two hives, from which I have had three middlijig and two small swarms : all, excepting the first, I hived myself without any difficulty. The two small swarms which are the occasion of this communi- cation, swarmed on the 5lh and 7tli of June. The first lit upon a small peach tree iu the c ir- ncr of my garden. After they were hived they were ])laced about twelve feet from the ground on the beams of my wood shed adjoining my house, where the other three swarms had previous- ly been placed. The bees remained in the hive for three or four days, until I was fearful they would starve. I examined all the books I had, to The i)erson I iind a similar case without success. I thoutjlit at Everything appeared however to go on pros- perously until last Friday, when, as the hive was in a very exposed situation with but a slight and tem- porary covering, I directed my man to remove the hive iu the evening and place it on the beam in the shed, where it had originally been placed. Not thinking the bees would desert their winter store, I gave myself no trouble about them. But on Sunday evening, about sunset, he told me the bees had left the hive and gone back to the old |)lace. I immediately went there, and found about a good quart of bees hanging under the bench upon which the hive had stood. I examined the hive and found only a part of the bees had left it. 1 then placed the hive in which they had been hived with the piece of comb in it as they had left it on the bench where the other hive had stood, and on Monday morning found they liad taken possession of it and had commenced working. The question now is, is this a new swarm at this late season, 24 Sept., or is it the original swarm, and have the two queens dwelt together in har- mony in the same hive all summer. If they have, is it not a very singular circumstance tliat this queen's antipathy to the place should be so great as to cause lier to forsake her winter store at this season of the year? JACOB TIDD. Roxbury, Oct. 4. to whose hands they wore consigned, expecting to jeceive only apple grufls, and having ro advice from me to guide him, still thought (altliough the scions had not a leaf on them)that their api>ear- AXCE WAS THAT OK PEARS, and he consequently took the precaution to inoculate talf of each parcel on pears, and half on apples, thus proving that the bark alone had even vvitli liim a most powerful influence, and was the only means which led lo a correct judgment. Last spring, in writing to Mr Lowell, for a renewal of some scions, I stated, as an apology for trespassing on him again, the circumstance that part of the iirevious parcel had been budded on apples, and not entering into particular detail, he appears to have misunderstood the facts. I could here quote a humorous case where Mr L. himself, told a gentleman that lie could distin- guish some ap|)le and pear grafts which Mr L. had ])resented to liim, by the bark, but I omit it for the present first they had lost their Queen, but I found if they had they would be in confusion, and would prob- ably return to the place where they first lit iu search of her, instead of which they remained quietly and peaceably in a clump in one corner of the hive. I then thought they disliked the situa- tion of the hive and had it removed near the place where they had lit, and had the satisfaction to find that they commenced w.orking immediately. The other swarm was hived and the hive placed on top of this other hive with a view to unite the two swarms ; the two hives were con- nected by a small hole in the top of the bottom hive; they also had each of them an external communication, so that the bees would go in and out of their respective hives without interfering with each other. I examined the upper hive several times in the course of three or four days, and found they had formed a piece of comb about ■1 inches by 6 in a corner of their hive, and that they appeared peaceably disposed towards each In mv first communication in relation to the other. I then closed the external entrance of the Napoleon ])car, no idea was entertained of cen- suring Mr L., for I never doubted his intentions to preserve the utmost accuracy, and to mistakes wo are all liable. My object \\as simply to eK|>lain the existence of an error, which may have been more or less widely disseminated. Tlie existence of that error has been fully proved by the presen- tation to the Mass. Hort. Society, at their meet- ing of the 25th Sept. of xhv fruit from a tree ob- tained as the .Yapolcon which was pronounced by all to be Passe Colmar — and the distinguished Po. top hive so as to compel all the bees in it to de- scend through the bottom hive to get out. I watched them to see if this would occasion fight- ing or eommolion in the hive, but everything ap- peared peaceable. After a day or two I examin- ed the upper hivo to see if they continued to work separately ]or had united, and found the comb in it the same as it was before I had closed the entrance. It was now a question whether the bees in the upper hive had deserted both hives, or one of the queens had been sacrificed, or if they had united niologist who presented it, (and whose superior ' and dv.elt together in harmony. TRANSPLANTING TREES. Mr Fessenden — Much difference of opinlor, has existed as to the advantages of spring aud fall planting of trees, &c. Spring being the season when our feelings are the most awakened to pleasurable sensations and when we take the most satisfaction in making our rural improvements, it has from that circumstance probably arisen that it is generally selected as the season for trans- planting trees. Experience however lias proved that planta- tions formed in autumn, are far the most success- ful, and iu all climates where the excessive cold or the delicacy of the trees are not insurmount- able objection, the fall planting is to be iireferred. It allows a sufficient jieriod for the ground to be- come settled and compact about the roots, and the latter become prepared during the same space of time, to throw out the small fibrous roots whose vegetation commences at the first return of spring, uninterrupted by any retardment which a spring removal is calculated to jiroducc. Their growth in such case seems unafl'ectcd by tin' transition, and the settled state of the earth which allows the young roots to extend themselves promptly, forms a powerful protection against the effects of drought, whereas when they are remov- ed in the sjiring, the looseness of the earth for a considerable period, retards the advance of vegetation, and renders them liable to much in- jury, thereby causing many trees to entirely fail unless tjey are nourished by frequent waterings. Cheriy irees, of which a large proportion perish in the spring, are generally transplanted with suc- cess in tiie Autumn, but notwithstanding my father has for riore than thirty years stated these facts in publij communications, still many omit to jiui • sue the course advised, and great annual losses result t( the public. With regard however to those fruits that have been originally brought from warmer climates — such as the peach, apricot, nectarine, and almond, which a-e natives of Persia, Armenia, &c, — it is riccessaiy for us to consult the operations of cli- mate also, and from a consideration of the attend- 7o\. IX.— No. 13. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL, 101 ciiTuinstaiiccs, I have lonio lo the following ■liisioii : — In localities soiitli ot' New York, the season is preferable for transplanting all Irtcs orth of New York, the full is preferable only he apple, pear, plum, cl.erry, quince, and all trees of northern latitudes ; whereas the is to be preferred for the peach, apricot, arine, and almond, which, for the reasons be- stated, might, during severe winters, suffer the intensity of the frosts. Still I do not n to assert, that trees of these kinds are cer- to be injured by the winter, as in very many us they are not in the least affected, but they xposcd to vicissitudes which may or may not Many gentlemen, however, of excellent meiit, make their plantations in the fall even c more delicate fruit trees, which only serves ove, that even in the most intelligent minds a sity of opinion exists. Very respectfullv. WM. ROBERT PRINCE. lode Island, Oct. 5, 1830. S. Capt. Jacob Smith, of this place, has this ent called in and presented me with an ge quince weighing 17 ozs. — it is the largest e ever seen, and is ratherinore plainly groov- )m the head to the base than is usually the He accompanied it by a splendid cluster of ''hite Muscadine grape, of which he has a crop ; the mildew, fogs, and humid atnios- of this Island yielding readily to the all rful influence of sulphur and lime. CULTURE OF THE PLUM. AS G. Fessenden, Esq. AR Sir — I have remarked that erroneous esions apjiear to exist in regard to the ter of this tree, among persons not tonver- ivith the subject. — Many jieople residing in older latitudes, suppose that it is equally te with the Peach, Apricot, and Nectarine, cause their climate is unsuitable for these, ikewise reject the culture of the Plum ; but ct is the latter not only possesses a much hardy character, but is often found to pro- ruit most abundantly in latitudes too far for the Peach to be cultivated successfully, vicinity of Albany, and in the most west- d northern sections of the State of New the Plum trees produce abundantly, and in ighborhood of Montreal, and other parts of r Canada their crops are also very great. — ^Islands of the St Lawrence, near Montreal, myself rambled through groves of Plum the natural growth of the soil, and loaded ed and yellow fruit. — It is doubtless true )rae varieties are more tender than others, lat a judicious selection should be made ; conceive the number is very limited of such es as will not support the winter of the cold- itudes of our country, and those which riginated among us may certainly be select- h little doubt of success. In no case how- hen removed to a cold climate, should the e budded on the i)each stock, as the root then perish, although the jdum growth otherwise have succeeded. And indeed cks invariably to be preferred are such as i the most hardy character, and perhaps 5 more suitable than the ytllmo variety of 'runus americana. In England the Muscle d 8 Pear Plum are principally used for stocks, nee, the St Julien is preferred for that pur- a but although I have them all under culture, I prefer the one first referred to. There is another |;oini to be considered in forming plantations of plu m trees, and which forms with some jjcrsons a great objection to their culture. This is, their being subject to injury from an insect that stings the branches and causes large i)rotuberances to (orm on them, which if not removed, produce a canker that in time destroys the tree. This ob- jection may however be readily remedied by a judi- cious selection of the kinds, for there is a consider- ble number of varieties, which are very little sub- ject to the attacks of this insect, and some which are not at all so. Among those least subject to be attacked, may be enumerated the Yellow and Red Chickasaw, American Cherry, American Red and Yellow, Yellow Egg, Washington, Huling's Superb, Tondinson's Charlotte, Imperial Violet, White gage. Smith's Orlean, Italian Prune, Elfrey, Violet Empress, Miller's Spanish, Lewistown egg, Coe's golden drop, the large Red, Violet, and White Dame Aubert, Imperial Milan, Imperial Ottoman, and a number of others. But even when trees are stung by these insects, if proper attention is paid at an early stage, and every branch carefully cut oifin February or March below where any appearance of the canker extends, and these brancho, in which at that period the eggs of the insects sare deposited, are immediately burned, such attention will in a short period, totally eradi- cate them. Very respectfully. WM ROBERT PRINCE. Linniean Botanic Garden, ) Oct. 7, 1830. i TkESPASSERS IN ORCHARDS. The following is an abstract of the Statute 1818, Chap. 3d, for the prevention of trespasses in Orch- ards, and Gardens, SfC. Sec. 1. If any person enter upon any grass- land, orchard, or garden, without permission, ivith inUnt to cut, destroy, take, or carry away, any grass, hay, fruit, or vegetables, with intent to in- jure or defraud the owner: such person shall, on conviction, before a justice of the peace, forfeit and pay, for every such offence, a sum not less than two, nor n)ore than ten dollars ; and be also liable in damages to the party injured. Sec. 2. If any jierson, having entered as afore- said, shall take, without ])ermission, and with in- tent to injure and defraud the owner, any grass, hay, fruit, vegetable, or shrub, cultivated lor orna- ment or use ; such person shall, en conviction, by indictment or information before any court of Common Pleas, forfeit and pay a sum not less than five, nor more than fifty dollars, for each offence, and he farther liable to the party injured, in dam- ages, equal to three times the value of tlie grass, hay, fruit, vegetable, or shrub carried away. Sec, 3. If any person, having entered, as aforesaid, shall, without permission of the owner, and with intent to injure him, break, bruise, cut, mutilate, injure, or destroy any fruit-tree, tree for ornament or shade, or shrub cultivated for orna- ment or use, such person, on conviction as in sec. 2. shall forfeit and pay a sum not less than ten, nor more then one hundred dollars. Sec. 4. If any person shall conmiit any of the above mentioned trespasses on the Lord's day, or in the night time (that is betsveen snnsetting and sunrising) he shall be liable to pay double the above penalties. And all prosecutions for breaches of this act, shall be commenced within one year from the lime the offence shall be committed, or the penalties shall have accrued, and not after- wards. LARGE FRUIT. Mr Editor — The papers mention that six ap- ples of the Pomroyal species, gathered from a tree of Col. J. Goodman of Springfield, averaged more than a pound each, and one of tliem weighed nineteen oimces. I now send for your inspection five apples from my orchard, known as the Quince apple, which, when taken from the tree, weighed togethcr_/ftic pounds and three ounces ; the largest weiglia one pound and five ounces; and measures one foot and two and an half inches in circumfer- ence. The fruit for cooking es|)ecially, is as fine as the apples are large. The tree is a good bear- er. I will, with pleasure, give scions, in the proper season, to such gentlemen as may desire them. L. LINCOLN. Sept. 27, 1830. J\Ias.i. Spy. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1830. MIDDLESEX CATTLE SHOW. The 'Middlesex Society of Husbandmen,^ held their annual exhibition at Concord, on Thursday, the 7th inst. The assemblage of spectators was numerous .nnd respectable, and the different branches of the displays and proceedings of the day were aj)propriate and well conducted. The Ploughing Match was well contested, and indicated much dexterity in the most important part of the art of husbandry. Five double teams and nine single teams were entered. Of the double teams, Ahiel H. Wheeler, of Concord, ob tained the first premium ; Samuel Hoar, 2d of Lincoln, the 2d do ; Maj. Ephraira Flint, of do, the third. Of the single teams, Silas Conant, of Concord, obtained the first premium ; Nathan Brooks of Acton, the second, and James B. Brown, the third. Seventeen yokes of cattle contested in the trial of strength. The first premium was awarded to Prescot Barrett, of ^Vestford ; second to Isaac Brooks, of Lincoln; third to Edward Wetberhee, of Acton ; and fourth to Silas Conant, of Coii- cord. The premiums on farms were awarded to Abner Wheeler, of Framingham, first premium ; Dea. Thomas Hubbard, of Concord, second do ; Francis Richardson, of Billerica, 3d do. An able and very useful Address was delivered by Elias Phinney, Esq. of Charlestown and Le.\- ington. This was plain, jiractical, and replete with useftd information relative to some of the most important topics of agriculture. It gave directions for subduing and cultivatincr peat and boggy lands ; stated the kinds of crops, which theory and practice concurred in proving to be best adapted to such soils ; shewed that the plough, although the most important and indis- pensable implement in agriculture, may, by its in- judicious use, deteriorate, instead of improving the soil. The address, was scientific as well as prac- tical, and, what added to its value, mostly found- ed on actual experiments, made under the super- intendence, or within the observation of the Ora- tor. A vote of thanks was presented to Mr Phin- ney, and a coj)y of his Address was requested for the press, which request, we are hapj)y to learn, will be complied with. After the Address, the Society again formed in 102 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 15,188a procession, escorted by the Brigade Baud, marched to Sheplierd's Coffee House, where an excellent dinner was jjarlaken of by more than 200 persons. A number of regular and eccentric toasts exhili- rated the mind, while the body was feasted, and excellent music served to complete the entertain- ment. The Song, given on the last page of this day's paper, written expressly for the occasion, was sung with marked approbation, by Mr J. W. Newell, of Charlestovvn. Berkshire Cattle Show. — The twentieth Anniver- sary Meeting of the Berkshire Agricultural Society was holden on the 6th and 7th inst. An address was deliveied by Theodore Sedgwick, Esq. of Stockbridge. Remarkable Calf. — William Furuess, Esq. of Medford, Massachusetts, owns a Heifer Calf which was calved 17th of March last, and weighed on the 20th of September, 465 lbs. Its Sire, we under- stand, belongs to Nathan Adams, Esq. of the same place. VERMONT PRODUCTIONS. Mr Rdssell — From the twelve seeds you gave me, of what is called the Valparaiso squash, I succeeded in raising nine plants, (the bugs having destroyed the other three,) which have produced a large quantity of squashes — some of the bran- ches run to a very great length. I procured a car- penter to measure one of the Vines — the greatest extremity from east to west 92 feet : the whole branches from one plant 348 feet. We have cook- ed one of these squashes, which 1 think superior to any I have ever raised. The shell or rind is very hard, and when boiled, the inside is scraped from the shell with very little trouble. I have also a Pumpkin Vine ; the produce of the pumpkins from a single vine when weighed was 3921bs. If you wish, I will send you one of the squashes which weighs 46 lbs. Yours, truly, WIGHT CHAPMAN. Middlebury, Vt. Oct, 4, 1830. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Saturday, October 9, 1830. FRUITS. The display of fruits, today, was unusually great. Om- Horticultural friends, on this, as well as upon former occasions, have manifested a zeal for the dissemination of a knowledge of their best varieties, which is highly commendable in them and gratifying to the lovers of good fruits. To those gentlemen living at a distance, particularly Col. Gibbs, of Brooklyn, N. Y., Mr Stephen H. Smith, of Providence, R. I., and Mr E. Edwards, of Springfield, for the trouble they have taken, in forwarding fine specimens of fruits, the Committee fee;l greatly obliged. Pears. — From Mr Toohey, no name. Napoleon and Passe Colmar, from Mr S. Downer. Very large and fine St Michaels, some of them weigh- ing 9 oz., from Mr E. Edwards, of Springfield. A splendid specimen of St Michaels, for exhibition, from Dr Shurtleff, of Boston. Seckel Pears, from Mr Paine. Capsheaf, (supposed to be the Doyenn^ Gris) Wilkinson, and a very superior Seedling Pear, from Mr Stephen H. Smith, of Providence, R. I. : of the latter variety, the committee would be pleased to know more of its origin and history, from Mr Smith. Peaches. — Congress Clingstone and Washington Free Stone Peaches, from Mr R. Manning, of Sa- lem. Fine Seedling Peaches, from Mr Davenport, of Milton. Handsome Heath Clingstones, from Mr E. M. Richards, of Dedham. 12 very large and handsome Clingstone peaches, the three larg- est weighing 1.^ lb. and measuriug from 10 to lOi inches each in circumference, from Mr E. Edwards, of Springfield. Grapes. — Fine specimens of Black Cluster, Black Hamburg, and Sweet Water, from Mr A. T. Penniman, of Boston. Very large Catawba, (the vine having been girdled) and Schuylkill Mus- cadel, from E. Phinney. Very handsome speci- mens of Black Hambmg, Barcelona, Oval Malaga, Catawba, Schuylkill Muscadel, Isabella, White JIuscat, Red Chasselas, and some other varieties, 1 names not known, all of out door growth, froii; Mr Z. Cook, Jr, of Dorchester. Part of a cluster of large purple grapes, imported from Gibraltar, weighing, it was stated, when the cluster was en- tire, and when taken from the vine, 1 1 pounds, by Capt. Uraun, of Dorchester. Chasselas grapes, raised in open ground, from Mr Cheever Newhall, of Dorrhester. A basket of Grapes, of very fine flavor, names not known to the committee, from Col. Gibbs, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Fine Esperion, Black and White Corinth, Black Cape, Black Hamburg, and a foreign Grape, (vines from M. Loubat) all out door culture, from Mr D. Hagger- stou, of the Charlestown Vineyard. Also, two very beautiful boxes of Pine Strawberries, from Mr Haggerston. Apples. — A beautiful apple, name unknown, from Mr Pickering Dodge, .Tr, of Salem. A Spice Apple, weighing 18 oz. — circumference 14 inches, from Mr Watts Turner, of Medford. President apples, from R. Manning, Salem. Porame D'Api, or Lady Apple, and two fine apples name un known, from Mr Thos. Whitmarsh. Governors Apples, from Benj. Weld, of Ro.xbury. Specimens of 55 varieties of apples, were ex- hibited by John Prince, Esq. of Roxbury. These were all from the grounds of Mr Prince, were all of excellent quality, and bear honorable testimony to his enterprise and horticultural skill, in the se- lection and propagation of the choicest fruits. The names are contained in a subjoined letter from Mr Prince to the Committee. Per Order, E. PHINNEY, Chairman. JAMiICi PLilKS, Oct. 8, 1830. To THE Committee on Fruits — Gentlemen — I send you a sample of fiflyfive sorts of Apples, the produce of my own farm. Many kinds, (nearly twenty) have already passed by, this season, and I have also many sorts not yet in bear- ing. I trust they will give satisfaction. I am very truly yours, John Prince. Pomme D'Api, or Lady apple; Newtown Pippin ; Ribstone Pippin ; Bellflower, from a graft of May, 18.30; Old Pearmain — produced full crops ; Baldwin; R. I. Greening ; Ro.xbury Russet ; Buckman's Pear- main; Seaver's Sweeting, (uncertain) ; Esopus Spit- zenberg ; Golden Pippin ; Sweeting, from Hamburgh; Violet, from France ; Royal ; Blue Pearmain ; Doc- tor, or Dewitt (says W. R. Prince) ; Red flesh ; Car- ter— English ; Pomme Neige, or Snow ; Calville rouge and Calville blanc, from France ; Nonpared, from France ; Old French Dwarf, very prolific ; Sea- verns, very fine — good till April ; another, much resembles the last ; St Crispin, natural in Weston ; Marigold ; Flat Pippin, from Maryland — superior ; Hubbardston Nonsuch ; Gardner's Sweeting ; Cat- head, or York Russet ; Swaar— celebrated in Phi delphia ; Golden Russet ; Fenouillet, from Fram Ducassade, from do ; Wareham Russet — Englar Garden, from Salem ; Spice Pippin; Chataignier, fr France ; Court pendu gris, from do ; Reinette Canada, from do ; Fall Greening ; Pippin, fm Fran Imperial Table Apple from Holland ; Marean' French Russet — and eight varieties of Engli French and American Apples, to which the tall are lost. Among the fruits exhibited last week, was 1 following, a description of which was accidenta omitted. The Colmar Souvrain, one ot V Mens' new Seedlings, was brought to t Hall by Wm. R. Prince, 25th Sept., then not eating, but since ripened ; has been tasted a proves an excellent pear. In size, it will compi with the Brown Beurre, not so round and full, I tapering more towards the stem and eye — col yellowish russet ; the eye and stem set in a sin cavity ; flesh, melting, juicy, and fine flavore not quite so high flavored as a superior Bro' Beurr6. It may be considered a good acquisitj to our list of Fruits. From the Centinel. Bees. — The attention of the public h as been late often called to the culture of Bees. My O' experience and what I believe to be Jmi)ort improvements in tiieir management and in ; construction of their hives, have been such as enable me to make statements which have gall some regard from intelligent keepers of apiar which may deserve still more than they have ceived. I have practised the making of liive« inches square by 7 deep ; the top perforated | three round holes an inch in diameter, which | to be placed over each other in order to ren* | the top hive without disturbiug or distroying' I bees. ' The present year I had swanns from six Iiii Onecamc out on the 5th of June ; I put it intoab , over which I placed another ; and at the si t time put an empty hive upon that from which i ' swarm had issued. On the 31st of July I te ' off my top hives : that from the before mentioi j swarm containe tei-s, J Black jendaldt, 5 Fruit. ione, y Ila, ly Muscat, ^ronhnac, ^hasselas, e Muscat, >nstantia, ■n Chasselas, &c, iy leaved, or Oval, Muscat of Alexandria, White Frontinac, White Corinthian, White Chasselas, Chasselas de Fontainbleau, Bar Sur Aube, Cioutat, Thomery Vines. ise Vines are from one to four years old, with fine and fit for planting immediately. The black Ham- Muscat of Alexandria, and the Corinthian, were to the subscriber by Sir Joseph Banks, from Kew ;ns, and are known to be genuine, the original plants g all borne fruit for many years. The fine Black )urgs from Mr Breed's Vinery, which were so much ed at the Horticultural dinner this season, were from the subscriber's vines. Orders left at the m or with the subscriber, will meet due attention. 5 may be seen at the Garden. SAMUEL G. PERKINS. B. A few Pear Trees of the new species, both of ountry and Europe, are also offered for sale ; among I are the Anguoleme, the SieuUe, and the Colmar ain. Oct. 15. ted to suit the wishes and purposes of cultivators. This work will be published in two parts of about 200 octavo pages, each part of which will be complete in it- self, and persons can subscribe for one or both as they think proper. The terms will be $1 for each part, which can be remitted in advance. The first part will be ready for delivery in October. Also was recently published, A Short Treatise on Hor- ticulture, by Wm. Prince, price 75 cts. A Treatise on the Vine, by Wm. Robert Prince, 350 pages, octavo, price 111,50. The most convenient and least expensive mode by which persons in the interior can receive these works, is by as- certaining from their local bookseller, the address of the house they deal with in New York, on transmitting which to the author, the books desired can be deposited with them to be forwarded. WM. PRINCE & SONS. Mr J. B. Russell will receive subscriptions for the Po- mological Manual, and has the other works now for sale. October 15. Executor^s Sate at Auction. e premises, at 3 o'clock, P. M. on the 22d inst. — 'arm of 30 acres on the Craigie road, less than three from Boston, with a good two story house and farm m. A thriving young apple orchard and other fruit For terms and other particulars apply to Wm. E. J, No. 5, Court-street, Boston. 2w Oct. 8, Splendid Bulbous Roots. Just received at the New England Farmer Seed Store, No. 52 North Market-street, direct from Van Eeden St Co. Harlem, Holland, and a large assortment of Bulbous Flower Roots, comprising the finest varieties of HYACINTHS -(double and single) dark blue, por- celain blue, red and rosy colored.pure white with yellow eye, white with rosy eye, and yellow with various eyes ; from 12 cts. to $1 00 each. TULIPS — splendid variegated, red, yellow and mixed, 12 cts, each $1 00 per dozen, (our importation of fine' tulips is very large, and we are enabled to put some sorts as low as $5 per 100— an object to those who wish to form a superb tulip bed.) CROWN IMPERIALS— assorted, of the most splendid colours, and showy flowers, large roots, 25 to 38 cts, each. JONQUILLES— sweet scented, finest roots 12 cts. each. POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS-fragrant, white with citron cups, and yellow with double white cups, extaa sized roots, 25 cts. each. DOUBLE NARCISSUS-fragrant, of all colours, 12 cts. each — per dozen. $1,00 SPRING CROCUS— of all colours, 6 eta each— 50 ots. per dozen. The above roots are from the same house from whidi we received our supply last season, and which gave such universal satisfaction; some of the double Hyacinths having produced bells 1 inch and 8-lOths'in diameter. Purchasers are requested to notice that the above roots AK not purchased at auction, and are all remarkable for their size, and for the beauty and delicacy of tint of their flowers. Also, a further supply of Bulbous Roots, comprtsfng Large White fragrant Lilies, 12 cts. each, 1 dollar per dozen, Tiger (spotted) Lilies, same price, Martagon or Turk's Caps Lihes, same price, Oct, 15. Grape Vines. The subscriber has for sale at his gai-den in Dorchester the choicest variety of Grape Vines ever off'ered for sale' in this vicinity. Many of them are now in fruit, and purchasers are invited to call and make a selection. The following compose a part of the variety. Black Hamburg Black Capo, White Muscadine, Golden Muscat, Gore's, (a beautiful Black Grape) Caroline, Napoleon, White Chasselas, Golden Chasselas, Red Chasselas, Black Constantia, Bland, Feriol. 8 varieties of superior fruit from Xeres and Malaga. 400 two years old Isabellas. 1400 one " " " 200 Catawba, or what has heretofore been considered the Bland. It is now satisfactorily ascertained that the Bland grape wiU not ripen in this climate, in the open ground. Orders by mail, addressed to the Subscriber, or person- al application at his office. No. 7^ Congress-street, for any number of Vines from one to one hundred or more, will meet with prompt attention. Application may also be made to Patrick Kennedy, at the garden. Boston, Sept. 27, 1830. 5t ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr Pomace Shovels. For sale at Uie Agricultural Warehouse, 52, North Market-street, a few very superior pomace shovels. Also a few of Willis' improved Apple and Quince pearine Machines. ° Brighton Market — Monday, Oct. II. [Keported for tlie Chronicle and Patiiot.] At Market this day 2265 Cattle, probably from 1800 to 1900 for beef: 5C83 Sheep, and 1422 Swine. Prices— Beef Cattle— Fmm $3 to 4,50, about 25 a 30 cattle brought 4,-50. We noticed one pair taken at 4 67 • we also noticed four beautiful catfle fed by Samuel S w'eet- ser, Esq. Athol, and driven to market by him, taken at 5,.50; ona pair purchased by Mr A. Ward, of Newton the best pieces of which are engaged to Messrs, Saro-eant and Murdock, for the table of the Agricultural Society, on ' Cattle Fair Day :' the other pair was purchased by Mr C. Bracket, and will probably be displayed upon his stall in Merchants Hall Market. BarrelUns; 'Cattle. —Mess 3,50 a 3,67, No. 1, 3 a 3,25 Sheep.— Sa]es quick, from .$1,50 a 2,42. We noticed lots taken at $1,50, l,82i, 1,75, 1,88, 2, 2,12i, 2,25 and 2,42. . , . . 2. , ,auu Stmne.— Brisk sales — we noticed one lot of 100 weigh- ing each 250, taken at 4c ; one entire lot of 75, part old and part Shoats, taken at 3 jc ; one lot 100 selected Shoats, Barrows, at 4i c. ; Sows at 4 c. ; one lot of 60 Sows and Barrows, atSJ ; retail price 44 for Barrows, 4 for Sows. 104 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 15, 1830.- THE CONCORD CATTLE SHOW. A SONG Written by the Editor of the New England Farmer, and sung by Mr J. W. Newell, of Charlestown, at the entertainment at tbe Concord, [Mass.] Agricultural Exhibition, &c, on the 8th insl. Since Time in the Primer first sharpened his scythe. And the sands in his glass were boginning to flow. There never was spectacle bonny and blithe. Which came fairly up to our Grand Cattle Show. Berry down, down down, dcrry down. Here's Bulls, Hogs, and Horses, and Sheep not a few, Respectable animals, worthy a prize, Like good go-to-meeting folks, each in his pew. All sober as deacons— if not quite so wise. Master Pig is the Chorister, just twist his tail. And he'll give you altissimo trills in hi^h style, The fine diatonics which ran through the scale Of his exquisite gamut will ring for a mile. Our Roots have run down to gravity's centre. Some went on to China, and thieves pulled them thro' — But that's a tough story, and I should'nt venture. In a high court of Justice to swear it is true. And here we have oxen, stout animals, which Might well go to Congress, representing their race. Round gravity's centre just give them a hitch, And I guess they would twitch the whole world out of place. The match of our Ploughmen was ne'er matched before, Save when a lorn lover is matched to his Fair; They turned the earth over as flat as this floor. Such chaps the great globe, hke an apple can pare. In troth, all the world's nothing more tlian a show Of animals, shut up, or running at large, You meet with queer creatures wherever you go, And pity their keepers, who have them in charge. A calf sent to College comes out a great bore. An odd metamorphosis that, it is true. But one which has taken place over and o'er ; — Now I do not mean you, Sir, nor you. Sir, nor you. I hate personalities, therefore won't say, How a jackass conducts when made just ass of Peace, Such animals now and then come in my way. But I never shear hogs for the sake of their tleece. A vile pettifogger, all quibble and jaw, Is 99,000 limes worse than a brute, In a sunbeam he'll pick an indictable flaw. And i gainst his own shadow show cause for a suit. Here's health to our Orator, one who can boast That he practises well what he preaches about ; But gentlemen please not to butter my toast. For we like him so well we can take him without. Here's 'Middlesex Husbandmen,' doing more good Than all the political clubs ever known, Unless a man's head is the essence of wood, He ranks them above any king on his throne. Derry down, down down, derry down. CANNIBALISM. Captain Cook having one day gone ashore in Queen Charlotte's Sound accompanied by Mi- Banks, Dr Solander, Tupia, and other persons belonging to the ship, they found a family of the natives employed in dressing some provisions. ' The body of a dog,' says Cook, ' was at this time buried in their oven, and many provision baskets stood near it. Having cast our eyes carelessly into one of these as we passed it, we saw two bones pretty cleanly picked, which did not seem to be the bones of a dog, and which, upon a near- er examination, we discovered to be those of a human body. At this sight we were struck with horror, though it was only a confirmation of what we had heard many times since we arrived upon this coast. As we could have no doubt but the bones were human, neither could we have any doubt that the flesh which covered them had been eaten. They were found in a provision-basket ; the flesh that remained ajipeared manifestly to have been dressed by fire, and in the gristles at the end were the marks of the teeth which had gnawed them. To put an end, however, to con- jecture founded upon circumstances and appear- ances, we directed Tupia to ask what bones they were ; and the Indians, without the least hesita- tion, answered the bones of a man. They were then asked what was become of the flesh, and they i-eplied that they had eaten it ; but, said Tupia, why did you not eat the body of the wo- man which we saw floating upon the water .- The woman, said they, died of disease; besides, she was our relation, and we eat only the bodies of our enemies who are killed in battle. Upon inquiry who the man was whose bones we had found, they told us that, about five days before, a boat belonging to their enemies came into the bay, with many persons on board, and that this man was one of seven whom they had killed. Though stronger evidence of this horrid practice prevailing among the inhabitants of this coast will scarcely be required, we have still stronger to give. One of us asked if they had any human bones with the flesh remaining upon them ; anil u[)im their answering us, that all had been eaten, we afi'ected to disbelieve that the bones were hu- man, and said that they were the bones of a dog ; upon which one of the Indians, with some eager- ness, took hold of hisown fore-arm, and thrusting it towards us, said that the bone which flir Banks held in his hand had belonged to that part of a human body ; at the same tiinc, to convince lis that the flesh liad been eaten, he took holdiof his own arm with his teeth, and made show of eating. He also bit and gnawed the bone which Mr Banks httd taken, drawing it through his mouth, and showing by signs that it had afforded a delicious re()ast.' Some others of them, in a conversation with Tupia next day, confirmed all this in the fullest manner ; and they were afterwards in the habit of bringing human bones, tho flesh of which they had eaten, and offering them to the English for sale. '\ 'len Cook was at the same place in Novem- ber, 1773, in the course of his second voyage, he obtained still stronger evidence of what he ex- pressly calls their ' great liking for this kind of food' — his former account of tlieir indulgence in which had been discredited, he tells ns, by many. Some of the officers of the ship having gone one afternoon on shore, observed the head and bowels of a youth, who had been lately killed, lying on the beach ; and one of them, having purchased the head, brought it on board. A piece of the flesh having then been broiled and given to one of the natives, he ate it immediately in the pres- ence of all the officers and most of the men. Nothing is said of any aversion he seemed to feel to the shocking repast. Nay, when, upon Cook's return on board, (for he had been at this time absent on shore,) another piece of the flesh was broiled and brought to the quarter-deck, that he also might be an eye-witness of what his offi- cers had already seen, one of the New Zealanders, he tells us, 'ate it with surprising avidity.' < This,' he adds, ' had such an effect on some of our people as to make them sick.' This very head was afterwards deposited in Mr Hunter's Museum, where it now is — Lib. of Entertaining Knowledge. ERRATA. The number of letters in each copy of t Chronicle will not vary much from 100,0C There are then, 100,000 places wheie errors tni be committed. Any letter of the alphabet is li hie to get into either of these places. The nui her of letters betides that which should be set, •25 ; so that each of the 100,000 jilaces is expogi to either of 25 different errors, and the who number of errors which must be guarded again in every paper, is, 2,500,000 ! Or rather, tk {\\ would be the number if we used but one fount ty])e. Bf.t we use four, which raises the numh of wrong types, liable to get into a particular ])lac to 103, and the number of possible errors to IC 300,000 ! ! And this, without counting capital point.*, figures, &c — so that the chances again perfect accuracy, to be guarded against by it skill and care of the printer, are more tlian 10 300,000 to one. From these premises we iofe 1. That compositors and proof-readers oiigl to he very careful ; and 2, That readers ought li to be surprised, if they find an error now tu then. — Vermont Chronicle. For Sale, The well known FARM in Dover, occupied for the \k fourteen years by the subscriber, containing about SO acres, well located in a square, bounded on the southb Cochecho river, and on the cast by Fresh creek, on whit is a tide mill, with an apparatus for pounding aud grindio plaster. The Buildings consist of a large two story Biic House, of 4G feet by 38, with a wing of 20 by 16, all we finished, adjoined to which is a shed 34 feet by 14, cm necting the cider house 27 by 37, two stories, with OS plastered room, where all the spinning and weaving j iloiie for the family ; tvto Barns, one of which is 100 fef by 42, with two wings of about 40 feet each, one emploj ed as a stable, the other for a sheepfold, with a good yar well walled in ; the other is a Store Barn of 45 feetsquan of 16 feet post, and will contain 60 tons of hay ; a pi| gery of 60 feet by 30, with a cellar of IS feet square ui der it, with boilers set to make soap, brew, and cook fe swine. The fields are divided by permanent stone wall and consist of one of 40 acres in front of the house, M of 17 on the East, one of 10 acres on the North, (princi pally orchard,) one of 15 Northeast, and one of 30 sere West of the house, with three pastures of 20 to 25 aa( each. The Farm has been gradually improving for the hi ten years, and the two last has cut each year one ban dredtons of hay, and 20 to 25 tons of thatch. It is m and a half miles from the village of Dover, which afiiwl' a good market. There has been planted some hundnd' of Fruit Trees, principally Apple, many of which in grafted — with Pears, Cherry, Hum, Peach and Qubn trees, and many in bearing, with a small nursery. The terms of sale may be known by applying to M(jo; Andrew Pierce, of Dover, Mr Samuel Lord, i' Portsmouth, or the subscriber on the premises. June 11. WILLIAM FLACa Seeds for Fall sowing. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Ne« England Farmer, 52 North Market-street — A great variety of vegetable seeds for fall sowing, tii White Portugal Onion, Prickly or Fall Spinach, (grow* of 1830,) Parsnips, Carrots, Black Spanish or Winter Ri dish— all warranted of the first quality. Sept. 10. Published every Friday, at ^3 per annum, payable attl* end of the year-but those who pay within sixty days fromfl' time ofEubgcribing, are entitled to a deduction offiHy cent* \^ No paper will be sent to a distance without pavBMfli being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts— by wto» all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet the wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B_ Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Nortk Market Street. AGENTS. rfew York — G. Thorburb &. Son, 67 Liberty-street. Phiiadelphia—\). &. C. Landreth. 85 Cheslnut-slreel. Ballimore—G. B. Smith, Office of the American Farmer. Aibanti — Hon. Jesse Buel. Flushing, N. F. Wm. Prince &SoN3,Prop.L:a.Bot.G««l» Hartford — Goodwin & Sons. Halifax,^. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder Offic*. Montreal, L, C— A. Bowman, Bookseller, NEW ENGL.AJ^D FARMER. PPBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agkicultural Warehouse.)-T.; G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. VOT^ IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22, 183 0. NO. 14. >i? vo iii sa "vi/ sf ;i vfj ^ a a ® sr i FOR THE HEW ENGLAND FARMER. marled as such. This shows tliat he agreed with the oldest trees is 35. or 40 years. The cxtrem- thoss from >yhom I rccfeived the fruits. Again, ' ities of their hranches are decaying and tlie whole Mr Lowell was good enough to give me a graft ' appearance of the trees indicates a disease which .APOLEON AND PASSE COLMAR PEARS. "''*''' I"'"'' '"^ calls the 'Mtpoleon;' it has never | will finally destroy them unless something can be loMAs G. Fesse.vdex, Esq. ' , ''•""'e fruit, but the leaves of this tree differ essen- | done to stop its progress. Sir — I have read the discussions between Mr '■'"'"/' f''"'" the Tee which I have under the name I The fruit does not come to maturity before it is owell and Jlr Prince, in your papers, relative to "*" ''•' ' Passe Colmar.' , The fruit recognized by ■ blasted to such a degree that it is not worth pre- le Pear called the ' Napoleon,' and it seems to ' ^^'' Lowell, as the ' Napoleon,'' was then ripe, serving. I would not wish to say anything which (No/ember) and that which he called the ' Passe I might hinder in the least the cultivation" of this Coloiar,' was not ripe unti[ December, and I valuable fruit wherever it is practicable. If your Janiary. [correspondent have any questions to propose res- Ihave never seen the London Pomological Mag- : pecting the trees I have mentioned, they will be aziie, nor do I pretend to know anything about I answered with pleasure by 8 there has been too much haste manifested in sserting that the ' Fear Trees cultivated in Bos- n under the name of ' .Va/;o/fon,' 'are wrong,' that the ^ Passe Colmar,' has been baptized by generally by that name. — That this may be the se in some instances is very probable, as all cul- ators are more or less lial)le to mistakes of this id, whether propagating new or old fruits; i lione more so than men who like Mr Prince, : placed at the head of great Nurseries. From the hin-ry and confusion that usually ex- in Nurseries in grafting and budding seasons; mixing of scions by the men who are perform- the duty of budders or graftsmeu ; the mis- is in tallying trees ; the ignorance or careless- 3 of those who supply them ; the perseverance rror not unfrequenliy found among those who e once committed it, all combine to make ' con- worse confounded ;' and when errors of kind have taken root, it is not easy to eradicate 11 altogether. I do not think that private cnl- ors are equally liable to make these mistakes, use they have fewer objects to attend to, and these fruits, or much about any others — but I can harlly believe that Mr Knight could have mis- taken one of these fruits for the other ; and as he sent '.he trees to Mr L. as a present, I must, un- til I l.ave further evidence to the contrary, be- lieve that the trees sent him for the Napoleon are such ii fact. My Passe Colmar, has been trans- ferred to the garden of Mr John Prince, of Rox- bury, 1 gentleman well known for his accuracy and e:tensive knowledge in horticulture; and par- ticulaily so in the pomological department. This gentleman has no ijoubt, as I understand, that the pear lie received from mo as the ' Passe Colmar,' is sudi in fact. Air William Robert Prince of Long Island, had not seen all the trees cultivated in the vicinity of Bos;on under the names of the ' Passe Colmar, id 'Napoleon,' when he wrote his article of the A SUBSCRIBER. rally give their personal attendance to the p^''' '''' •'"'yi "t''' he of course was liable to mis- take facts when he made his ' .strong remark,' in regard to the ignorance of the Boston Cultivators. I do not, however, see that the subject requires so much discussion, or that the mistake, if there was one on the part of Mr Lowell, in giving scions, deserves to be arraigned in the manner in which it has been done by Mr Prince. If we are all to be called to a severe account for our errors of this nature, I have doubtless much to answer for, in common with others ; and even Mr Prince, whose ' Pride for accuracy,'' in these matters, 'pre- dominates over his zeal, acquisitions, and ambition to be usefid,' is not exempt from the lot of A CULTIVATOR. Brookline, Oct. 10, 1830. tion and tallying of buds and grafts in their grounds. Tliere is another reason which has 'eight. Nursery men like Mr Prince, who r large quantities of trees from Europe at — are liable to all the mistakes which are nitted by their confreres abroad ; while gen- !n, like Mr Lowell, who receive their trees as nts from such men as Mr Knight, and tht on Horticultural Society, are less liable to im on or error. is true that Mr Knight and the gardeners of lorticultural Society of London, may make kes like other people, — but we think they •s sujiject to do it than those who depend ; contingencies that attach themselves to Nurseries. Prince has been too broad in his declaration, lo positive in his manner of treatincr the t for one who is himself open to the attacks ny who have ])urchased trees from his Nur- ir years past ; and if it were true that Mr 1 had, through mistake, in some instances FOR THE NEW ENCLAND FARMER. DECAYING PEAR TREES. Mr Fessenden — I noticed in the 11th No. of your paper a communication in answer to some inquiries, which I made through the medium of the ' Pas.se Colmar,' for the « Napoleon,' it [ your paper, respecting St Michael Pear Trees, xcuse for Mr Prince, to assume the tone of I Your correspondent says it is difficult even to ion that he does in his re|)!ies to that gen- | conjecture the cause whhout a more definite . To show that Mr Lowell is well acquaint- knowledge of their aspect, situation, &c. The h the two fruits in question, I will state a j trees to which I had reference in my inquiries have the appearance of old trees, worn out with age and bearing ; although some of them have not been bearers more than six or eight years. I have also a considerable number of young trees which are not of sufficient growth to yield fruit, and which have the same sickly appearance November, I sent to Mr Lowell six or eight each wrapped in a blank paper, numbered outside, and requesting him to give me ■ames so far as he knew them. is reply he marked the fruit which I re- from the London Horticultural Society for Me Colmar,' by that name ; and the fruit that red from France as the ' JYapolecn,' he GREAT SALE OF STOCK. The following is from a friend of ours who at- tended the sale of valuable Horses, Cattle, and Sheep, on the lltli ult. at the residence of Charles H. Hall, Esq. Harlem, N. Y. No. 1. iarfj/ i',?/t(/bo<, a noted running mare, 4 colts from her having sold at an average price of $1000 each was sold for 81475,00. Destina- tion, Chenango County, N. Y. No. 2. Alarm, bred by Lord Grovesnor, fo.il- ed in 1820, now' in foal by the imported Horse Barefoot, $650,00. No. 3. Gazelle, bred by Mr Hall, (one eye imperfect) with her colt. No. 10, sold for $380,00. No. 4. Knott, a sorrel mare, 6 years old ; by Brilfuunder ou' ',C Cinnamon ; in foal by Bald Eagle, son of American Eclipse, (one knee defect- ive,) $110. No. 5. Lady Mary—K bay mare, with a star and one white hind foot, 10 years old ; a beautiful animal, purchased by A. Dey, Esq. $425,00. Destination, his farm at Newark, N.J. for a Brood mare. No. 6. A brown colt, 6 months old ; out of Lady Lightfoot, by American Eclipse ; piu-chased by Charles Green, Esq. $850,00. Destination, his farm on the Kennebec, Maine. No. 7. Lightning, a brown filly, one year old last May, out of Alarm, by American Eclipse, $400. Purchased by Mr Stevens, the owner of Eclipse. No. 8. A brown filly, 6 months old, by Eclipse Lightfoot, out of Alarm. Purchased by A. Dey Esq. $200. Destination, his farm at Newark, N. J.' No. 9. A Dark Bay, 2 years old, a fine Stalhon, by Bussorah Arabian, out of Alarm, $500,00. Purchased by J. Ford, Esq. No. 10. Sold wiih her Dam, No. 3. No. 11. A sorrel filly, out of Knot, by Eclipse Lightfoot, 4 months old, $60. Purchased by Mr Suydain, N. J. No. 12. Constellation, 5 years old, a fine Stal- lion, color dark sorrel, got by American Eclipse, out of Olivia, a Virginia mare, $675,00. Purchas- ed by R. M. Field, Esq. No. 13. Bald Eagle, 5 years old, by American Eclipse, out of Hyacinth, $500,00. Purchased by Mr Ely. The Durham Cattle, about 30 in number, were in fine condition, and gave additional evidence of their natural i/uici dispositions. Request,an imported the older ones. They are situated on a rich light _^ soil, which has been improved for the last 15 I Bull, 8 years' old, sold for $300,\o"s. p!"BrhtoZ or 20 years as a kitchen garden. The age of' Esq. Destination, Elizabethtown, N. J, 106 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Ort. 22, 183a. Prince, 4 years old, got in England, by Fitz Favorite, out of Princess ; was purchased by David Austin, Esq. for $210. Destination, his farm, at Throggs Neck. Several Cows, sold at $250, each. The stock will be very much scattered. One fine Bull was purchased by Benjamin Poor, Esq. which will be sent to Indian Hill Farm, near Newburyport. Dr Ilosack, purchased for his Farm, at Hyde Park ; and on the whole the sale may be said to have gone off well, and satisfied buyers, and sellers, The best Leicester sheep sold at an average of $95 each. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. MrFessenden. — I have made several extracts from the June number of the Annales D'Horticulture, which has been recently received, on Manures, the Chinese Mulberry, a Hindoo mode of grafting, and the use of salt tor accelerating vegetation, which please to insert in the New England Farmer. With great esteem, Your most obedient servant. H, A. S. DEARBORN. Brinley PInce, Roxbury, I October 15, ISaO. j EXTRACT NO. XXI. ' From the Annales do la Societe D'Horticulture De Paris. Eiiracl of a report on Manures, mndt by M. Payen. Four different things are often confounded un- der the na:ne of manures, which it is important to distinguish. 1st. The debris of organic matter, or of veg- etables and animals, to wliich alone this denomi- nation belongs, and amoig tliese, the more azotic the matter, the greater is the beneficial effect of the manure in the nourishment of plants; thus we should place in the first rank muscular Jlesh, blood, horn, and gelatine. All these substances, dried and pulverised, act more or less promptly, according to their degree of changability, un- der the diverse influences of the atmosphere. 2J. The soluble salts, are only excitants of the vegetable energies, and do not contribute to their organization, pro])erly so called ; their actual value, as applicable to agriculture, is less than that of 7nanures. 3d. Insoluble salts, and the oxids, form, what is commonly designated under the name of earths. They can only be considered as capable of amel- iorating the soil, of which they form a part, Tiiese are the true amendments, which are obtained; at a low price, in the vicinity of waste places. 4th. Carbon, whose useful action appears to consist in absorbing the calorific rays of the atmos- phere, and thus warms the soil. Perhaps it may be ailmitted that a portion of carbon is imbibed by the plants, but there are no positive facts, in support of such a theory. EXTRACT NO. SXII. JVbfe on the Perrotet Mulbernj (Morus Multicaulis,) or Chinese Mulberry. By the information which we receive from all quarters, it appears that this mulberry is destined to replace the common white mulberry, every- where, for nourishing silk worms ; its property of continuing low and bushy, so that the leaves can always be gathered without a ladder, and the arge size, abimdance and tenderness of the leaves, cannot fail to give it a decided preference. It has been sufficiently ascertained, that they are eaten with avidity by the silk worms and that the silk which they form, is of the first quality. This mulberry has not suffered in the least, from the rigors of the last severe winter. The zealous traveller, who has given to France, America, and Africa, this precious plant, has ac- quired a just right to public gratitude, and it is not only easy, but proper, to give him, at this time a proof of it, by affixing his name to the tree, which has given him celebrity, and which will contribute so much to the prosperity of French industry. We will set the example, and continue to call it, the Perrotet mulberry, every time we speak cf it. PoiTEAL. EXTRACT NO. XXIII. Mode of grafting in the East Indies, described in the Bxtlacta from tlie Transactions of the Agricultural Society of India ; br M. SODLANOE BODIN. Mr Leycester learned from the nabob of Mol- laghun, that he had a gardener, who was skilful in various modes of grafting, and that he practised one common in the upper provinces, but whi:h Mr Leycester had never found described in anybook, and gives the following account of the proc3ss. At the season of the year when the birk is easily separated from the wood, having cut off the end of a shoot, about a quarter of an inch above a bud, the Indian gardener makes an an- nular incision through the bark, half an indi be- low the bud, and then, with a piece of clo.h in his hautl, he carcfidly removes this ring of bark, so as not to injure the bud contained in it, after which he proceeds in the same manner with the bud below. Having thus collected a mmiber of buds, which he kept fresh, in the hollow of a large leaf with a little water in it, he operated on the stock to be grafted, by first cutting off the head, at the point where it appeared to be of the proper size, — that is to say, of a diameter a little less than the ring of bark, which he intended to place on it ; he then cut the bark in longitudinal strips, which were pealed down sutKciently low, to allow the ring containing the bud to slip down and exactly fit the end of the stock. After this, the little strips of bark were raised up over the bark ring, and tied to the upper end of the stalk, when the whole was covered with a little moist clay, care being taken, that tio injury was done to the bud by this application. This mode of grafting very much resembles that which is described in the ' Cours de Culture et de Naturalisation des Vegetoux d'Andre Thouin,' under the name of Graffe des faunes, (tome ii. page 463, et figuree planche 56 de I'At- las BBbb.); but what is most remarkable, Mr Leycester states that he was convinced after par- ticidar inquiries, the method was not tanght by any Eiu'opean, hut that it had been transmitted from generation to generation, from time immemorial ; he thinks it unites so much simplicity, and facility, that it would be one of the first, which would rationally present itself to the mind- of original cultivators. tablished fact, that plants in a soil prepared with common salt, rarely suffer from the cold and the sudden changes of the weather. The half of a bed of early Peas raised in a garden of Worcestershire was dresssed with salt, and the other half with common manure : upon the part which had been prepared with salt and in tire proportion of about twenty bushels to the acre, the Peas were fit to pick three weeks before the others, and the vines yielded five or six times as many. GREAT PRODUCE OF POTATOES. Mr Fessknden — The following remarkalile produce ought to be read by every New Englanu Farmer. Mr Antipas Maynard,of Waltham, Mas? bought of Capt. Tombs, in Boston Market hotisc 2 Chenango potatoes this last spring, which hi cut into seventyfour or five pieces, and plantm them in a drill. He dug from the same two busli els and one peck, or a flour barrel full. This rai be relied on. Who can beat this .' ffeston, Oct 15, 1830. J. WARREN. EXPERIMENTS IN PLANTING POTAT(»; Mr Fessenden — The following experinn with regard to the expediency of planting !' toes, cut or whole, were made by B. Nason, I of Augusta, Maine, a very intelligent, prari; farmer. They are at your dis])osal, for insei in the New England Farmer, if you think pr' ; Yours, &c, Keene, JV. H. Oct. 19, 1830. 20 Chenango Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. plan whole, produced 97 lbs. 20 Chenango Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. in hai 99 lbs. 20 Chenango Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. t middle, and butts; tops 32|, middle 30J, In: 35, total 98 lbs. 20 Chenango Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. t j taken out, 120 lbs. 60 small Chenango Potatoes, weighing 6 11 planted whole, 105 lbs. 20 white Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. plant whole, I24I lbs. 20 white Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. planted halves. 111 J lbs. 20 white Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. seed er middle, and butts ; seed end 38j, middle 3{ butts 39, total 117 lbs. 20 white Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. eyes tak out, 150J lbs. 60 small white Potatoes, weighing 6 lbs. whc 95 lbs. 20 long red La Plata Potatoes, weighing 6 1 whole, 92 lbs. 20 long red La Plata Potatoes, weighing 6 I halves, 102J lbs. 20 long red La Plata Potatoes, weighing 6 seed end, middle, and butts ; seed end 32, midi 38, butts 33, total 103 lbs. 20 long red La Plata Potatoes, weighing 6 eyes taken out, 129 lbs. 60 snjall long red La Plata Potatoes, weighi 6 lbs. whole, 94 lbs. EXTRACT NO. XXIV Saline Manures. Gardeners and all those who endeavor to ob- tain early legumes or fruits, may profit by the J A single potato, planted last spring in one I in Halifax, Vt. produced half a bushel of potati and 70 lbs. of vines. BRISTOL COUNTY CATTLE SHOW. The annual exhibition of the Bristol Com following experiment, which confirms an es- 1 Agricultural Society took place in Taunton, Vol.lX.— No.l4. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 107 the 6tli inst. Tlie Columbian Reporter states that ' one advantage lias been gained by fixing an earlier day for Show tlian had been customary before the last year. The weather is milder and spectators witnessed the exhibition with more gratification no doubt tlian they would while shiv- ering, as has sometimes been the case, in their great coals. The day of the show in this town the present season, was one of the most bland and attractive of October, in New England, and brought together a large number of farmers, man- ufacturers and others from ditferent parts of the county. At the Ploughing Match ' sixteen ploughs, which was the greatest number ever entered, started in the contest, and executed their work in igood titne, and with no lack of skill, and anima- tion. Two teams only had drivers — one being a yoke of steers and a horse, and the other, two yoke of steers. All the single teams were requir- ed this year, for the first time to be driven by the ploughman. The experiment was completely successful. The work may not have been quite Jjs [)erfect as it was last year, (which exceeded ia)revious exhibition) but it was equal or superior •■ 0 the work at several of the matches in past 'ears. At the trial of the working oxen in draw- og, twenty yoke engaged in the competition, ^he manner of their drawing as well as the great /eight of the loads, showed them to be well •ained as well as to possess great strength.' After speaking somewhat diminutively of the xhibition of manufactin-es, the Editor proceeds A larger quantity of Butler and Cheese was resented for exhibition this year than usual, and ,j i>r the most part of excellent quality. 'The show of Cattle was larger, probably, than has been at any former exhibition of the So- ety. All the pens were filled, without fmnish- rooui fur the whole; a considerable number id some of the finest animals exhibited, were eluded. The show of fat cattle was conceded 1 all hands, we believe, to surpass in quality as ell as niunbers, that of any former year. 3on tlie whole, the Society and its friends (Bris- 1 County Agricultural Society) under whose rectioQ and patronage the Show was held, ve good reason to be satisfied, and highly grat- ed and encouraged by the exhibition the present ar. The fruits of these Shows, are becoming ery season more and more apparent, and we tst the lime is not distant when the most scep- al will cease to question their beneficial iiiflu olas II siol t The sum to be awarded for the best farm or farms will be fixed by the Trustees at their meeting in March next. The other committees and officers were mostly reelected, with the exception of Chairmen of .some of the committees. The time of the committee is so nnich occupied on the day of exhibition in their examination necessary for deciding upon the awards to be made by them, that little opportunity is left for drawing up their reports. To aid them in this part of their duties, gentlemen have for a year or two past been plac- ed at the head of some of the committees who werenot practical agriculturists or manufacturers. This principle of selection, as we understand it, has been again and to somewhat larger extent adopted the present year.' Stout Squashes. — Two beautiful crook necked squashes grew on one vine, this season, on the farm of Mr William Mercer, Lincoln, one of which weighed 47 lbs. the other 33. The small- est girted 20 inches round the neck, and the larg- est, which straightened out would have been near- ly five feet long, girted 19 round the neck. Five squashes were raised by Capt T. G. Banks and A. H. Stickney, of this village, from three seeds : they weighed 352 lbs. and the largest of them weighed 125 pounds. — Dunstable (J^. H.) Gazette. These squashes were not, probably of the crook necked species. Mr VVm. Gault, of Concord, N. H. raised two 'large white Turkey,' cucumbers this season, one of which weighs 9 lbs. 6 oz. is 20.^ inches round, and 16J in length ; the other weighs 8 lbs. 4 oz. is 19 J inches long and 15| round. The editor of the Palladium has been presented with a dozen apples from a friend in Bedford, one of which is 14 inches round. The tree from which it was taken is supposed to contain 20 bushels of the same species, which average from 11 to 12 inches each. The tree has borne fruit for about ten years, is 12 or 15 feet in height, and extends nearly 75 feet. So heavily laden are its branches, that many of them rest upon the ground. Mr Comfort, in Bucks co. Pa. has gathered this season an apple 15 inches round, and weighing twcntijsix ounces. Olive Oil, or common Sweet Oil, to fail of giving immediate relief, and effecting a complete euro of poisonous stings, if gently rubbed on immediately, and continued for a short time. And for a bruise, the application of water as hot as it can be borne, either by a wet cloth, or by immersing the part, we have always found effectual. It may be ne- cessary to continue the a|)plication of water, and to renew the heat, for a considerable time, and to rub the swollen parts softly. — Pennsylvania Exam- TEMPERANCE. We have heard the following facts recently stated. The first occurred in our state ; the second relates to a town in Maine. Last fall, in cold weather, just as the flakes of show began to descend, a miserable man, scantily covered with rags, presented himself to a farmer and wanted work. He had no particular employ- ment for him, and besides, his appearance was against him; he did not want him. The poor fellow begged hard to stay till he could earn a pair of shoes, and pointed to his bare feet to strengthen his cause. The farmer pitied him, and agreed to take him — but he must drink no rum. This was a hard condition : but cold and hunger compelled him to assent, and he began his work ; though for the first two or three days ' he thought he should die.' By the time he had earned his shoes, he found out that he was better oft' without rum: he lived with the temperance man through the winter, and in the spring went home to his wife, his father and bis friends, decently clothed, and to all appearance a reformed man. In one town, of 3000 inhabitants, where, a year or two ago, they useleasurc grounds of Brit- ish gardens ; the materials of which, as at present constructed, being inadequate to the purpose to which they are applied, to repel heavy rains and intense sunshine. These tentings may also de- mand the particular attention of the florist, as affording in my opinion excellent material for protecting tulip beds from heavy rains in winter, by rolling them up and down, as circumstances might require. To stages of carnations, auriculas, &c, they might be applied with advantage either for shade or shelter. 2dly. Ranges of pine, and melon pits and frames might be safely defended from rain and frost by a roll of this kind, as also pots of alpine and other plants that suffer more from wet than cold during our winter months. Portable copings for garden walls might also be constructed of this article, which' would de- fend peach and apricot blossoms from rain and spring frost, ipecacuanha, 35 drops of tincture of opium, one drop spirits of lavender, and two drops tincture of rhubarb, to be taken at once, and the complaint will be instantly reheved. — Long Island Star. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY- Saturday, October IC, 1830. FRUITS. Some very fine specimens of fruit, were this day exhibited, although the display did not qiiiic equal in its variety, the very extensive exhibition of the Saturday preceding. Pears. — From John Prince, Esq. were receivi ci specimens of Passe Colmar, true, and in eatliii:. (prematurely) ; Winter Auchan, from Flushing, .i very long green pear, not in eating; Oliver's, a lar;,'i pear, supposed to be the Spanish Bon Chrelii ii not in eating ; ' Dr Hunt's,' ' Connecticut,' (un- named,) and the Beurree du Roi, a pear of goot flavor. From John C. Gray, Esq. a pear callct in the American Gardener, at p. 132, a ' stripec variety of the Moorfowl Egg,' called by others thf Striped Dean, and the Culotte de Suisse, and VerU Longue Panachee, of some other authors. Fron Mr Manning, a ])ear cultivated in Salem, as th( Capolette or Muscat Vert ; (doubtful.) From M. Downer, Capiaumont Pears. From Hun. Benj Crowninshield, of Danvers, specimens of a largi round pear, very good, name unknown. From S G. Perkins, Esq. Duchesse d'Angouleme, lemarka biy large and beautiful, but not in eating. (Thi is probably the first specimen produced in Ameri i ca.) The form and appearance of this fruit agre well with the figures in the Transactions of th London Horticultural Society and Poniologict Magazine. For a more particular account of thi | pear, see Mr Perkins' note subjoined ; al.^o a fin ( pear received by him from England, under th name of Charles d'Autriche ; in size and fori I like a St Michael. Wo have seen three varietie i| This rind might also prove a good | of pears, each bearing alike the name of Charle j( substitute for the wicker protections now in use d'Autriche, and as unlike to each other as poss d. for half hardy trees and shrubs. In the kitchen ble in everything else. The committee were U( ' garden its utility is also apparent. Beds of such vegetables as are readily injured by frost, by being previously arranged, and planted so as to admit of two rolls of this kind, of 4 feet wide and of any given length, being run along a few hazel or ods, arched across them ; rows of early peas and beans ; beds of cauliflowers, broccoli, lettuce, potatoes, &c, might be readily and securely pro- tected in this way ; and a few square yards of this rind, placed in a favorable quarter of the kitchen garden would assist in ripening abund- ance of tomatoes for a large family and obviate the pernicious practice of planting them near fruit trees, &c. Another warning to Fruit Stealers. — A fellow of the name of Foster, was committed to jail in Rox- bury the week before last, for stealing fruit from the orchard of Mr Aaron D. Williams. He was detected shaking the trees, regularly, on the Sabbath, was arrested in behalf of the common- wealth, and for want of bail has been conunitted to prison, where it is not unlikely he will remain fir some time. The business of stealing fruit from orchards has been carried on so largely of late, by a few worthless vagabonds, that the marketmen think they have generally more fruit stolen on the Sabbath, than they sell during the week. jjrepared at the moment to decide confidently a l| to the correctness of the name of this fruit, bi I it seemed, however, to be the impression with ; It' least one of them, that this specimen was rightl i: named. From Mr R. F. Phipps, of Charlestovvi (/( specimens of the Andrews Pear. I ; Peaches. — Late Clingstone, very fine, from Joh lit Prince, Esq.; this appears to be the same vaiiel ;i called tiie Hyslop. I Apples. — By Mr Jonas Monroe, of very lai'g I size, from the garden of Mr James Vila, of Bee i I ford; tree produced 20 bushels. From Mr E I ( Weston, Jr, of Duxbury, ajiples from a seedliu i : tree, nearly 100 years old, which has borne in i . single year, 76 bushels of sound ripe fruit : nam I I unknown. From Mr R. F. Phipps, Russet nn i Baldwin Apples, both from a limb of a Baldwi tree. Some of these were in their appearance i an intermediate grade bctvfeen the Russet an Baldwin. Grapes. — Lombardy Grapes, from Mr R. i Phipps. Catawba Grapes, from Mr N. Seaver, t Roxbury. Isabella, from Mr D. Fosdick, t Charlestown ; and from Mr Downer, four varif ties, namely, Isabella, Schuylkill, Muscadel, E senburg, or Elsenborough, free from pulp, one ' two seeds in a berry, and of good flavor ; and sample of true Bland Grape, free from pulp, on and two seeds in a berry, and good flavored, cole Cure' for the Cholera Morbus or Bowel Complaint. -One ounce of cinnamon water, one grain of I'»'e »e''. "nd transparent. Vol. IX.— No. 14. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. Ill Slraiihcrries. — Fine specimens were e.xliibited iby Mr Hiijjserston, of tlie Pine Strawberry. Mr Downer also |ii-esente;l samples of fine large SharTbarks, taken from scions set in the spring of 1826, in a pig or common nut tree, anil samples of good nuts, from a tree planted 24 years since, from a very large nut from Ohio ; has been in bearing 4 yeai-s. Mr Samuel Stillman, of Roxbury, forwarded to the Society, specimens of the grub ])roducing the •Canker Worm ; those insects wore fomid in mo- tion, lotli Oct. 1S30, but in 1829, they did not 'Commence their movements till the 24tl). WM. KENRICK. ^OTE REFERRED TO ABOVE. To tho Committee on Fruits, Horticultural Hall. Mr S. G. Perkins sends to the Committee on Fruits, two Pears, taken from trees sent him from Europe. The large Pear came to Mr Perkins from France, under the name of" Duchesse d'An- goulenie." The small Pear came from England, under the aame of the 'Charles D'Autriche.' Mr P. will thank the conmiittee to inform him whether these fruits are correctly named. Mr P. •ends a description of the large Pear, taken from ''irolle,p. 70. A>G0ULE5iE Pear.' — ' [Vuit, larger than the ')oyenne, nearly the same form. Skin, yellowish, L ed nest tlie sun. Flesh, melting, very fine tex- Ij jre, and sprightly ; the flavor more delicate and romatic than the Crassanne.' < This precious pear, which keeps until Decem- er, was found a few years since, by Madame maille, in a hedge near Angers. Tlie tree is a ■eat bearer.' [Noisette, 1823.] The specimen sent, measures eleven and three mths inches, as it is the only one that grew on e tree.' BRIGHTON CATTLE SHOW. The annual exhibition of Cattle, Ploughing itch, &c, was held at Brighton on Wednesday It. The day was uncommonly fine, the coliect- 1 of people very large, and the show, partic- iriy of fine cattle, about equal to that of most •mer occasions. We have time and room this week for but a •itch of the proceedings. The pons were all ed with live stock of the first rjuality and )earance ; among which we noticed 17 Cattle, lutiful heifers, calves, &c. of the Holdcrness, nton and Admiral stock, belonging to the Hon. m Welles, of Boston, a fine roan heifer, five hths Durham stock, belonging to John Prince, a fat ox from D. Farr of Southborough, ighing 2477 lbs., 2 fat oxen, from S. Billings, jHatfield, one weighing 234 lbs. the other 32 lbs. 3 fine cattle from J. W. Watson, of ceton, a fine Bull, by Coelebs, dam Flora, an lOrted Durham Short Horn, from T. Williams oddlc's Island, also 2 fine heifers, by Mr liams, oiie by Bolivar, the other by Coelebs — leifer by B. P. Phillips, of Lynn, a heifer calf Will. Furness of Medford, weighing wlien onths and S days old, 518 lb»., a fine Milch |/ from John Ballard of Franiingham, a heifer by S. Conant of Stow, two heifers, from J. ;hani of Westborough, one weighing 1085 lbs. other 951, a heifer from J. Birt of Cain- ge, a large cow from Jeremiah Fitch, of Bos- 8 years old, weighing 1633 lbs., a heifer from Dudley of Brighton, 2 heifers from N. Brown of lltham, a heifer and calf from S. Higginson of Cambridge, a Milch cow and yearling from S. Wynian of Shrewsbury,from A. Washburn, 2d of Briilgewater, 1 Bull 2 years and 7 months old, weighing 1494 lbs., a bull from S. Moi>e of Rox- bury, one fourth Admiral stock, a fine Bull calf from L. Baker of Bloton, a Bull calf 6 months old, from N. Johnson of Medford, weighing 644 lbs. a Bull from J. W. Watson of Princeton, 1 year and 5 months old, weighing 989 lbs. from J. Estabrooks of Royalston, 2 fat oxen, 6 years old, one weighing 2233 lbs., the other 2291 lbs. — a fine heifer from Seth Davis of Newton — a heifer from J. Stone of Newton — a heifer from A. S. Jackson of Newton — a heifer from S. Fiske of Saugus — a cow and yearling from R. Sanborn of Charlestown — a cow, two heifers and a bull calf from Mr I. Bemis of Waltham — a beautiful pair of twin steers from Win. P. Endicott of Danvers — a cow from Asa Wyman of Roxbury — a cow 7 years old from N.Saunderson of Waltham — a heifer from Luke Fiske of Waltham — from Joel Adams of Newton a heifer — from T. Taylor a fine cow and two calves — a beautiful heifer from Rev. H. Colman of Salem — a fine cow by Coelebs from A. Aspinwall of Brookline — from S. Bowen of Adams 2 fat cattle — from Leander Hosmer of Bedford a milch cow — from John Perry of Sherburne 2 Bulls, 2 yearlings, and 2 fine calves — a fine Bull from C. Sanger of Sherburne, 3 pigs from E. Smith, Jr— from A Rice of Wor- chester 1 Bull 2 years and 5 months old, weigh- ing 1469 lbs— from B. Page of Shirley 1 Bull 18 months old weighing 1160 lbs — from S. Conant of Stow, 1 Ox 2 years and 6 months old, weigh- ing 1456 lbs— from S. Ward of Charlton, 2 fat Oxen, one weighing 2312, the other 2278 lbs — from P. P. Pierce of Lexington 7 native fat we- thers— from E. Silsby of Boston 1 fine Dishley Ram and 3 Ewes of pure blood, all imported from Europe — from Eliab W. Metcalf of Cam- bridge one milch cow — from Asa Rice of Wor- cester, a fat ox 7 years old weighing 2380 lbs a heifer from J. Smith of Newton— a fine heifer, and some superlative swine from John Mackay of Boston, viz, 2 Boars, 2 very fat pigs, 2 store ji and 1 sow and 6 pigs that we think were as sleek and plump and as fine an exhibition of the sort as a connoisseur ever examined — from J. Bobbins of Watertown 1 sow and 2 store pigs— from A. T French of Milton, 6 fat native wethers — from T. Williams of Noddle's Island, 2 Dishley Ewes and 2 yearling Rams got by Col. Jaques' imported Dishley Ram — from S. Jaques, 1 Dishley Ram, a fine imported animal that received the Society's premium of .$30, last year — from J. Prince 1 fine Ram and 2 Ewes from imported Dishley stock — from F. Winchester of Southborough an uncom monly large and fair colt, two years old, which weighed 105.5 lbs. — from E. Sherman, of East Sudbury a 4 years' old gelding — a cow and calf from H. J. Kelly — Sir Isaac Coffin's CIcaveland Bays, a present to the Society, were exhibited. Hearth Rugs were exhibited that were man ufactuied by Miss Jane T. Robinson, Miss Susan W. Lovett, of Beverly, and Miss Eliza Vinton, of West Cambridge, a very beautiful Diamond Flat by Miss Aurelia White, of New Braintree, also fine Palm Leaf Hats, Capes, flannels, painted car- pets, manufactures in leather, fur, and fancy ar- ticles from various sources. Further details with regard to the Ploughing Match, premiums, address, toasts at the dinner,&c we are obliged to defer till next week. Mr Prince's long expected Treatise on Ike Vine has at length been received here. We have not yet had time to examine it, but have no doubt it will satisfy public expectation. Large Squashes. — We have received from E. Edwards, Esq. of Sjiringfield, three Valparaiso winter S(iuaslies, one weighing 45 lbs., the other two rather sniallcr — they are a part of the pro- duce of two seeds, which yielded 36 squashes, of the average weight of 22 lbs. — the whole weighed 792 lbs. They will be exhibited at tho Horticultural Hall tomorrow, and the seeds dis- tributed among the members of the Society, at the request of Mr Edwards. To Correspondents. — Several valuable communica- tious are deferred till next week. Ornamental Shrubs. Just received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, a small collection of choice Orna- mental Shrubs, faithfully packed in mo3s for transportation, at the following reduced prices ; — cts. Snowberry, 50 Mezereon, (filled with flower buds: will blossom in March in the open air.) 50 Venetian Sumach, {extra size) 1 00 Snow Balls, 50 Kalmia latifolia, (very beautiful) 50 Sc.iiiet Trumpet Honeysuckle, monthly flowering , 50 Italian Fragrant Honeysuckle, 50 Persian Lilac, (]>urple fragrant) Ik Corchorrus Japonicus, (very showy yellow blossoms) 50 Syringa, (white fragrant) 37i Fig Trees, 50 Double Flowering Almonds, (beautiful, extra sized, vigorous plants.) 50 Roses — Velvet Rose, 50 Damask Rose, 37i English Double Red Rose, (beautiful) 50 Striped Rose, red and white, 50 Royal Rose, (very large) 50 Dark Marbled Rose, (very double, beautiful.) 50 Burgundy Double Rose, 25 Blush, Cabbage, or 100 leafed Rose, TJ Four Seasons Rose, (beautiful, double,) 75 Scotch Single, (white, with a little red, early, small and singular,) 3J3 Pennsylvania semi-double autumnal Flowering Rose, (white, with delicate blush) 50 Yellow Single Rose, (very beautiful,) 75 China Primroses, 05 Tradescantia virginica, 25 African Blue Lily, 75 Indian Shot, (canna indica,) 25 The above are all extra sized, vigorous plants, and will b'.ossom the next season, if properly managed — they are labelled, and faithfully packed in moss for transportation to any distance. Autumn is the best season for transplanting them, to insure a vigorous growth, and blossoms the ensu- ing season. Brighton Market — Monday, Oct. 18. [Reported for the Chronicle and Paliiot.] At Market tliis day .3579 Cattle, 6323 Sheep, and 1117 Swine. The severe storm which commenced about 10 o'clock, pvobahly prevented much business being done. From 1500 to 2000 Cattle, 800 to 1000 Sheep, and several hundred Swine, remained unsold at the close of the day. We shall expect quite a market day tomorrow, Tuesday. Prices— Beef Cattle— From $3,25 to a 4,50; probably about 20 were taken at 4,50 ; one yoke of Mr Sweetser's prime Cattle were purchased by Mr T. VV. Bennett, at 5,50. The barrellers did not pay so high as last Monday ; they appeared to fix the price for Mess. $3,50, No. 1, 3, No. 2, 2,75.. Sheep. — We noticed about 100 prime wethers, (' on drift ') which cost about .$3,75 — 4 was offered ior them. We also noticed one lot taken at 2,25 ; also lots at 2, 1,75, 1,.50, 1,42, 1,33, and 1,25. Swine. — We noticed one entire lot of nearly 500 taken at 3ic ; one lot of 50 Barrows, old, at 4c ; one lot of 30 Sows, old, at 3ic ; one lot of 30 selected Shoats, Sows & Barrows, at 4c ; one lot of 70 Shoats, Sows and Barrows, at 3|c — retail price 3| a 4c for Sows, 44 a 5c for Barrows. 112 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 22, 1830. AUTUMN WOODS. BY BRYANT. Ere, in the northern gale. The summer tresses of the trees are gone. The woods of Autumn, all around our vale, Have put (heir glory on. The mountains that infold In their wide sweep, the colored landscape round, Seem groups of giant kings in purple and in gold. That guard the enclianted ground. I roam the woods that crown The upland, where the mingled splendors glow. Where the gay company of trees look down On the green fields below. My steps are not alone In these bright walks ; the sweet southwest at play, Flies, rustling, where the painted leaves are strown Along the winding way. And far in heaven, the while, The sun, that sends that gale to wander here. Pours out on the fair earth his quiet smile, — The sweetest of- the year. Where now the solemn shade. Verdure and gloom where many branches meet ; So grateful when the noon of summer made The valleys sick with heat ' Let in through all the trees Come the strange rays ; the forest depths are bright ; Their sunny colored foliage in the breeze Twinkles like beams ot light. The rivulet, late unseen. When bickering through the shrubs its waters run. Shines with the image of its golden screen. And glimmerings of the sun. But-, 'neath yon crimson tree. Lover to Hstening maid might breathe his flame. Nor mark within its roseate canopy. Her blush of maiden shame. Oh, Atitumn! why so soon Depart the hues that make thy forests glad; Thy gentle wind and thy fair sunny noon. And leave the wild and sad. Ah, 'twere a lot too blest Forever in thy colored shades to stray ; Amidst the kisses of the soft south-west To rove and dream for aye. And leave the vain low strife That makes men mad — the tug for wealth and power, The passions and the cares that wither life. And waste its little hour. NEW ZEALAND. The fiftli volume of the Library of Entertaining Knowledge contains a very interesting account of these islands ; from which we e.xtract the follow- ing : — Journal and Tribune. 'Of all the people constituting the great Polyne- sian family, the New Zealandershave,at least of late years, attracted the largest portion of public atten- tion. Their character e.xhibits, with remarkable boldness of relief, many both of the vices and virtues of the savage state. They present a striking con- trast to the timid and lu.xurious Otaheitans, and the miserable outcasts of Australia. Tiie masculine in- dependence they at once manifested in their en- counters with us, and the startling resistance they offered to our proud pre-eminence, served to stimu- late the feelings of curiosity with which we are now accustomed to regard tiiem. The interest wliich they thus e.\cite, is probably created, in a great de- gree, by the prevailing dispositions of our minds to regard with an.\ious attention any display of human power. The new Zealanders are not a feeble or timid people. Prom the days of tlieir first inter- course with Europeans thev gave blow for blow. — They did not stand still to'be slaughtered, like the Peruvians by the Spaniards; but they tried the strength of the club against the flash of the musket. ' in a most doleful manner. Even the sternest chief They have destroyed, sometimes treacherously, al- ' will weep so bitterly, that the mats they wear wi' ways cruelly, the people of many European vessels, ! be soaked with tears. Yet this people, so passion from the days of their first discovery to our own ately attached to their friends, eat the flesh of thei times;— but it would be difficult to say that they had enemies, and consider it more delicious than an no justification in our aggressions, wliether immedi- other food. ate or recollected— or at any rate that they did not ' The captain of the ship Boyd in the year 180! strongly feel the necessity for self-defence on all ! flogged the son of a New Zealand chief ; in const such occasions. They are ignorant of some of the quence of which the whole crew were murdered, es commonest arts — their clothing is rude, their agri- [ cept a woman.two children,and a cabin-boy. Thes culture imperfect, they have no knowledge of me- j were afterwards conveyed to England by Mr Berr'; tals, writing is unknown to them ; — and yet they ex- ! of the ship Edinburgh, who found them out, aii hibit the keenest sense of the value of those acquir- ' saved them at the risk of his own life, ments which render Europeans so greatly their su- 1 'The last he recovered was a girl of two orthrc periors. Many of the natives have voluntarily un- ' years of age, the daughter of a Mr Brougliton, < dertaken a voyage to England, that they might see 1 Port Jackson, whose mother perished. This chi' the wonders of civilization ; — and when they have was found to be in the possession of one oftliechiel looked upon our fertile fields, our machines for the ' and although promised, was not brought to him t abridgment of human labor, our manufactories, tliey after a considerable delay. ', This delay,' says 3 have begged to be sent back to their own country, I Berry, ' I afterwards had reason to believe procou^ with the means of imitating what their own progress ed from the endeavors of the natives to deliver enabled them to comprehend were blessings. Their passion is war; and they carry on that excitement in the most terrific way that the fierceness of man has ever devised ; — they devour their slaughtered ene- mies. And yet they feel that this rude warfare may be assisted by the arts of destruction which civilized men employ ; and they come to us for the musket and the sword, to invade,or to repel the invader. All these, and many more features of their character, shew an intellectual vigor, which is the root of ulti- mate civilization. They are not insensible to the arts of civilized life, as the New Hollander is ; — or whol- ly bound in the chain of superstitions which control the efforts of the docile Hindoo, and hold his mind in thraldom. They are neither apathetic as the Turk, who believes that nothing can change tlie des- tiny of himself or his nation : nor self-satisfied as the poor Tartar, who said, ' Were I to boast, it would be of that wisdom I have received from God ; for, as on the one hand, I yield to none in the conduct of war, so on the other I have my talent in writing, inferior perhaps only to them who inhabit the great cities of Persia or India. Of other nations, unknown to me, I do not speak.' The New Zealander knows his own power as a savage ; but he also knows that the people of European communities have a much more extensive and durable power, which he is desirous to share. He has his instruments of bone, but he asKs for instruments of iron ; he has his club,but he comes to us for a musket. Baubles he despises. He pos- sesses the rude arts of savage nations in an eminent degree: he can carve elegantly in wood, and he is tattooed with a graceful minuteness which is not de- void of symmetrical elegance. Yetheisnot insen- sible to the value of the imitative arts of Europeans, and he takes delight in our sculpture and our paint- ings. His own social habits are refined — his cooke- ry is coarse — his articles of furniture are rude. Yet he adapts himself at once 1o the usages of the best English society, and displays that ease and self-confidence which are the peculiar marks of in- dividual refinement. He e.xhibits little contradiction between his original condition of a cannibal at home, and his assumed one of a gentleman here. Add to all this, that he is as capable of friendship as of en- mity,— and we shall have no difficulty in perceiving that the New Zealander possesses a character which, at no distant period, may become an e.xample of the rapidity with which the barbarian may be vyholly refined, when brought intocontactv.'ith a na- tion which neither insults nor oppresses him, and which e.xhibits to him the influence of a benevolent religion in connexion with the force of practical knowledge.' up in as decent a manner as possible. It was ti erably clean, with its hair dressed and ornament* with white feathers, in the fashion of New Zealai Its only clothing, however, consisted of a linen sli which, from tlie marks upon it, had belonged h> captain. The poor child was greatly emaciateil its skin e.xcoriated all over. When brought tu boat, it cried out in a feeble and complaining 1 ' Mamma, my mamma !' This child was carried Lima in the City of Edinburgh, ship ; and it was r till more than two years after leaving New Zeala that she was restored to her father in New iS.jii Wales. Although of so tender an age when destruction of the Boyd took place, she was I'' while in South America, to recollect well the dr. ful scenes of which she had been witness. ' I I:. more than once been present,' says Mr Ber! ' when the cruel but interesting question was put her, if she recollected what the Zealanders did tol mamma.' Her countenance, on such occasions, i sumed the appearance of the deepest melancho and, without uttering a word, she used to draw 1. hand across her throat. On further questions, s would say, with every appearance of the most pa ful feeling, that they afterwards cut her up, a cooked and ate her like victuals.' Instead of signing their name to treaties, gran &c. they make an e.xact copy of the tattooing up their faces. This is better than the ancient Kussi custom of daubing the whole hand with ink, a then laying it upon the paper. When well treated they are a very kind and ht pitable people. Several Englishmen, who have a cidcntally been thrown among them, have been ts toed, intermarried with them, and learned to lii their mode of life e.\tremely. Treatise on Bees. Just received and for sale at tlie Seed Store connect with the New Engl.md Farmer, 52 North Maiket-strec A furlhersu|)ply of a Practical Treatise on the Manag menlofEees; and the Establishment of Apiaries, wi the best meihod of destroying and preventing the depr dalions of (be Bee Moth. By James Thachcr, M. i Piice 75 cents. Published every Friday, at g3 per annum, payable attl end of the year-but those who pay within si.\ty days fromt) time of Bubgcribing, are entitled to a deduction of fifty ceni 13= No paper will be sent to a distance without paymei being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Rdssell, by I. R. Butts — by who all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet tl Orders for printing received by J.l wisbes of custom' _ I Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 NoB The siglit of European improvements in contrast ' Market Street. ■' ■' ■ ■ — " ■ " AGENTS. A'ew Yorl: — G. Thoeburn & Son, 67 Liberty-street. Plti/aiJelpliia—l), & C. Landreth,83 Chcsluut-slreet. Ballimore — G. B. Smith, Office otthe American Farmer. Albauy — Hou. Je-sse Buel. Flushing, N. V. Wm. Prince &. SoKS,Prop. Lia. Bol.Ganh //in^/brd— Goodwin & Sons Newburyport, Ebenezer STEntiAn, Bookseller. with their own ignorance, afiects them deeply. On such occasions they will burst into tears, and say, ' New Zealand no good.' It is customary with this singular people to go through the same ceremony upon meeting their friends, as they do in parting with them. They join their noses together, and remain in that position for ZVf T '■"^'l"'"' ''""■■finikin " '"^i position tor : fjali/axM. ti.-P. J. Holland, Es^. Recorder Office, halt an hour; during which time, they sob and howl Montreal, L. C— A. Bowman, Bookseller. NEW ENGI.AND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET; (at the Agricultoral Warehouse.)— T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. VOL IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 29, 183 O. NO. 15. sijoatsa^si-ii^ii ^aosr 39 FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. LIST OF VALUABLE FRUITS. Mil Fessenden — Agreeably to iiiy promise, I send you a list of Pears selected from the old catalofue of Duhamel, arranged in the order in wliieli Jicy rijicn. I slioidd have sent this list to you before had not other avocations 3re\oiited my makiugit up. However I apprehend, from some observations ffhieh have come to :ny ears, that the connoisseurs will find it but a meagre !ish to be presented at the present day to the public The letter F desig- lates tliose trees that are very good bearers. A LOOKER ON. Brookline, Oct. 18, 1830. Aniire Joannet, IJelit Muscat, Muscat Robert, Citron des Carmes Cuisse Madame Epargne Blanquet (long stalk] Salviati Orange rouge, Gracioli, tRousselet de Reims, Fondante de Brest, end of June. July. middle July. 1st August. August. let Sept. Bergamotte rouge, middle Sept. 7ert6 longue Mouille Bouche 1st Sept. ■Jeurrfi (brown) October. Doyenne St Michael Beurr*^. blanc, October. iftezi de Martigny, 1st October. ezi de la Motte, Oct. and Nov'r erganiotte Suisse October. lergamotte d'Automne Oct. and Nov. » l^Beasire Jean Ocv „(.'^cr6 Vert, puseline Banne Bergamotte last Oct. November. this is a better pear than the preced- ing. this is the Green Chissel, or Made- leine. tliis is erroneously called Jargonnelle one of the best and largest pears of tlie season. this, with the Petit Blanquet, are good ji'uit. highly musked and excellent, — rots soon. a good fruit for the season. tliis fruit is not so subject as the ' Sum- mer Good Christian Musquee' to crack, small, but excellent in light soil, delicate, but breaking, rather than melting. should be gathered before it is entire- ly ripe; is excellent — but soon de- cays. Excellent fruit — adheres slightly to to the branch. this most excellent pear is liable to crack in the open country, but in cit- ies, and where it can be .sheltered, it becomes by far the best autumn pear that is known — Old trees furnish the best fruit, — all soils suit it. this excellent fruit should be gather- ed before it is ripe and kept in the house till yellow ; in our climate it re- quires shelter ; in towns and back in the country, it is less liable to crack or blast than It is in the open country on the sea board. melting, musked, and handsome pears. melting good fruit, should be gathered before it is quite ripe, is meltuig and sweet, re- quires a shady situation. excellent fruit. this is the extreme of the breaking pears, the fruit is much esteemed by many ; when raised on old trees it becomes pale yellow and is excel- lent. fruit is small, always green, flesh tender, agreeable and very sweet ; small fruit, but very excellent. this pear is subject to crack unless it be sheltered, it requires a good moist Bezi do Cuissoy or j Russette d'Anjou, i Doyenn6 Gri.s, F Merveille d'Hiver, November November November, F Marquis, Nov. and Dec. F Eschassery, Nov. Dec. and Jan, Ainbrette, Nov. to Feb Bezi de Chaumontel or Winter Beurre i Dec. ^ Jant and F St Germain, Nov. to March. Virgouleuse Nov. to Jan Roy ale d'hiver, Dec. to Feb. 7, Muscat I'Alleman, March to May. Pound Pear, Dec. to March. Tresor, Amour ditto. Bergamotte de Paques, Jan. to Mar. Colmar, Jan. to April. Bergamotte de Soulers, Feb. & Mar. Bergamotte d'Holland or > fra. Ap. Bergamotte d'Aleng ^ to Jun. Sara/.in, keeps the year round soil; whun in perfection is one of the best fall pears known,— fruit is large, buttered and fine flavored ; there is a new variety of this fruit called the ^ Poire d'AustrasW or double Cra- sanne which is not liable to crack and is an excellent fruit, tender, buttery flesh ; when planted iu a soil that is congenial the fruit is very fine flavored, a good fresh and rather strong loam suits it best, better than the St Michael, which it resembles in form, it is however a distinct variety, juice richer, and more sugared, skin russet, this fruit is excellent if planted in a good, dry soil and good px] osition. large inching, sweet and musked. small, but very good fruit, iniddiing size, but excellent fruit in good seasons. this fruit is very superior and melting, in good stong moist loam, but woody and hard in poor gravelly soil ; it is in eating when it turns yellowish ; this fruit should be culled out when it as- sumes this appearance, when this fruit is raised in cities or is otherwise sheltered, or where it is in a suitable climate, it is the best win- ter pear known taking ull it» proper- ties into view ; it requires a good moist loam. in cities, where this fruit may be rais- ed with ease, it is one of the best, as well as one of the handsomest fruits that decorate the table in the winter season. this fruit resembles the German Mus- cat— is an excellent fruit, quite large and handsome. It requkes a warm light soil. this fruit resembles the preceding so much in its appearance that it is often mistaken for it by the gardeners, the flesh is melting, buttered and musk- ed. for baking. this is one of the largest, if not the very largest pears that is known, and is preferable to the pound pear or the Catillac fur baking; they weigh from 16 or 26 ounces, a very good pear for the season, this is an excellent and valuable fruit but it requires shelter, in our cities it might be raised with great advan- tage ; when in perfection its flavor is very fine and the flesh is buttered and melting ; we think it better suited to the Philadelphfe than the New Eng- land climate, handsome and good pear, large fine pear, highly esteemed and well worth cultivating, is very good fruit when ripe both for table and baking. 114 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oct. 29, 1830, BRIGHTON AGRICULTURAL REPORTS. PLOUGHING MATCH— TWO YOKE OF OXEN. The committee on the Ploughing Match with fwo yoke of oxen, Report — That eleven ploughs were duly returned for this match, (a greater number than were ever be- fore entered at Brighton,) that on calling the list at 9 o'clock, thirteen plougiis were offered for competition, but as only 11 lots were assigned, the two last on the list were under the necessity of retiring Crom the contest. Alter a most careful examination, the com- mittee unanimously awarded the first premium to Abiel Wlieeler, of Concord, $15 Do, as ploughman, 8 Jacob Jepson, driver, 4 2d premium, Samuel Hoar, 2d, of Lincoln, 10 Do, as ploughman, 5 Franklin Wheeler, driver, 3 8d premium, G. M. Barrett, of Concord, 6 Do, as ploughman, 3 Ira Fisher, driver, 2 $.56 The shortest time occupied by any team was 30 minutes; longest time do, do, 41|^ do. Greatest number of furrows to any lot was 21, Fewest, do, do, do,' ^ 17, except the lot No 1, being about a rod shorter than the rest from the shape of the field, required to be httle wider, and 23 furrows were made — the size of the lots were 20 rods long and 20 feet wide, making about 24 rods to each. Every plough used was of Cast Iron, and were chiefly of Tice's make (all that obtained pre- mium were of his patent ;) the whole work was excellently well performed, and much difficulty was experienced in selecting for the three premi- ums ; the committee would gladly have had it in their power to have awarded eleven. It seems necessary to give their reasons for deciding as they did, and the rules they establish- ed which were, that Cattle should not be hurried, as goodness of work was the object, to be ploughed not less than 5j inches deep, and the furrow slice to be cut narrow, and laid as fat in it as was possible — the reason of the committee was this, that in this part of our country very little land is cultivated in winter grain, and the object of fall ploughing, is to have the sward rotted for spring cultivation, and which they think best effected by this mode ; as if laid on edge, and so left till sijring, much grass comes up in rows in the hol- low of the finrows — and on the_/7a/ method it is all equally covered, and no grass grows. The committee well know that in England, (and ])robably in our own country, where winter grain is cultivated on sward land) they adopt the ridge furrow slice, as by this means, in broadcasting their seed, it naturally falls into the lowest part of furrows, and then by harrowing, the seed is deeper covered, and comes up in roivs as they wish, giving a better chance for a free circulation of air in its after growth, and to clean, by hoeing if they wish, and also probably some saving of seed — having nearly the same effect as sowing by drill machine. The first ploughing match planned in the United States, was at Brighton, in Oct. 1817. At that match, not one cast iron mould board plough lous in our vicinity, if in the Slate — and at the present show none but of cast iron was in our match. This shows in the clearest possible view, the im- mense improvement that our cattle shows, and par- ticularly the ploughing matches, have produced in this most important Agricultural Implement. Respectfully submitted by JOHN PRINCE, ) EBEN. HEATH, V Committee. JOHN NORTHEND, j SHEEP AND SWINE. The committee, who were appointed to award premiums upon sheep and swine, have attended the duty assigned them, and request leave to state — That they proceeded to the discharge of their duty by first visiting the pens in which the swine were, and they found them well filled ; and after a careful and thorough examination of their sev- eral points, qualities and properties, they awarded To John Mackay for the best boar, 12 To John Mackay for the next best dOj 8 To John Mackay for the best sow, 12 To John Mackay for the next best do, 8 To Isaac Bobbins for the next best do, 5 To John Mackay for the best pigs, not less than two in number, nor less than four months old, nor more than eight, 10 To Isaac Robbins for the next best 5 They then visited the sheep pens, and were much gratified to find in them several lots of Dish- ley or New Leicester breed of sheep. One fine ram and three ewes belonging to Enoch Silsby of Boston of pure blood, imported from England. A buck lamb, six months old belonging to John Prince of Roxbury from the superior Dishley ram of Col. S. Jaques, and two ewe lambs 6i months old from imported stock. Two Dishley ewes and two yearling rams be- longing to Thomas Wilhanw of Noddle's island. They were from the importe.i ram of Col. S. Ja- ques, who obtained the Society's premium the last year, and was presented this year for exhibition. The committee were not insensible of the respon- sible and delicate situation in which some of its members were placed to discharge their duty sat- isfactorily, but after a minute and close examina- tion of the sheep, their form, shape, size, and other peculiar properties they unanimouly award To Enoch Silsby for the best Dishley ram, 830 To Enoch Silsby for the best Dishley ewe, .«30 And it is v/ith great pleasure the Committee observe the attention of gentlemen turned in fa- vor of the Dishley sheep. They consider them an important and valuable acquisition to the country, and among the farmers' best stock. They will yield more profit than other sheep from the fleece, and their carcass is remarkably well calculated for the market. There were two pens filled witli native weth- ers. One lot was owned by E. T. French of Mil- ton ; and the other by P. P. Peirce of Lexington. Some of those, that were offered by Mr Peirce were large and in good condition, but there were not a sufficient number of such extraordinary qual ity as to justify the committee to award the pre miums t^ JOHN hIaRD, Jr, \ SAMUEL JAQUES, \ Committee. THOMAS WILLIAMS,) Specific character of the Dishley or New Lei- cester breed of sheep. Heads clean, straight, and broad ; bodies round, or barrel shaped ; eyes fine and lively; bones fine and small, pelts thin ; wool long and fine, well calculated for combing, an weighing upon an average eight pounds per fleect when killed at two years old. Fatten kindl and early, well calculated for market, thriving i pastures that will scarcely keep other sheep, anj requiring less food than others. Tolerably hard and vigorous. The committee consisting of E. Hersey Derb; Daniel Adams, and Timothy Corey, to whom we assigned the ploughing match tvith one yoke of ca. lie Report — That the land to be ploughed was divided int lots of about 24 rods each. There were eleven competitors for the pretni urns — the ploughs generally of the improve kiuds, and four of them were without drivers. As the principal object of the ploughing mate was to show good work, and skill in the plougl men, they were particularly directed not to huri iheir cattle, — shortness of time being no objc in comparison with good work — that attentit would also be paid to the appearance, and docilil of the cattle, and the management of the driver- The ploughing to he not less than five inches dee and that narrow furrows, laid lapping on ea< other would be preferred to wide and flat ones. Under these regulations the first lot was ploug: ed in 33, and the last in 46 minutes. The committee state with great pleasure, th the work in every instance was of a superi order, tliat that there was so little difference most of it, they found it extremely difficult to d cide to whom they should award the premium* After great deliberation, they award as foUovi 1st premium, to Moses Whitney, of Stow, $ G. P. Meriam as ploughman Moses Whitney, as driver, .$27, 2d, premium to Otis Meriam of Concord, aged 17, $ Same as ploughman, Abel Meriam, aged 11, as driver $18, 3d premium, to John Tildeii,Jun. of N. Brii water, Edwin Dunbar, aged 18, as ploughman. Same as driver, $11, E. HERSEY DERBY, Chairman, Brighton, 20th Oct. 1830. cows, HEIFERS, BULLS AND EUtL CALVES. The committee on Bulls, and Bull calves, Co« and Heifers, were gratified to perceive the if proveniont in the value and api)earance oft stock exhibited this year at the Brighton Cat Show. The number of fine animals with t spirit manifested by the great assemblage of ag culturists are pleasing indications of the i proveinent which excitement and honorable C9' petition will effect. True it is that imported animals of groat nai do not call crowds round a i)en as was once I case — nor are fine animals so rare as in years p» But your committee think that our discerni farmers will be gratified to notice the advanO grade in the improvement of stock. They will be pleased and led to usefid pi^6t by observing that not only from the irapor. breeds of cattle is an obvious liciietit dciivcd — n but tlieir UciJort will shew a judicious selection of native stock is moving forward in equal pro- ; ii gress, and to like advantage. Craving indulgence for these observations ij whicli s^^'cuicd due to the occasion, your coniniittee proceed to announce the premiums which they awaxd as follows. Vol.IX.— No.15. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 115 The couiinittec award the first premium, on ^ bulls to Mr G. W. Watson, of Princeton for his young Bull 1 year and 5 days old, $30 This was a cross from the Imported breed, and a beautiful animal, weighing 987 lbs. It will be seen that he but little e.xceeded the ago proposed ifor Bull calves. But the committee were governed by the letter f of the rules, and hope the distinguishing propor- ' tious of this animal may be retained as his figure enlarges. The second premium they award to Mr Peter W. Page, of Shirley, $20, for his Bull 19 months old, weighing 1160 lbs, partly of the short horned and partly of what is called the Westminster breed, so remarkable for the fleshy hind quarter, ,and said originally to have been of foreign deri- ration. This animal was of good size, figure and iroportion, and may be exported to reward Mr Page's attention to stock. To Mr Asa Rice, of Worcester, the third prein- um, $10, for a fine Bull 2 years and five months )ld, a cross of Holderness or native stock. Tlie )eautiful color and hair of Holderness with many .pproved qualities is remarkable in his descendants. The committee recommend a gratuity often dollars o Mr Abraham Washburn, of Bridge water, for lis fine white Bull 2 years and 7 months old, veighing 1498. This animal was of large growth, ^ood figure and well tempered, with many marks pf imported blood. He was a cross from tiiat fine animal Denton. Vith the opinions of dislike held by our country- nen, it is to '>s regretted that the short horned took so often ii.>-line to this color. Having been driven in a short time to the show his animal appeal id to less advantage. There were several Bulls e.xliibited for premium eserving of com.nendation. Mr George Mr rse, of Roxbury, exhibited one rhich excited the attention of the committee. '.<•. VMS a cros;. from Admiral and a valuable ani- ON MILCH cows. To Nathan Saunderson, of Waltbam, the first premium, $30 This cow was in her origin of imported blood though not well explained, 6 years old, and had given 20 quarts of milk, and for some months an average of 18 quarts, and from her week's inilk 14 lbs. of Butter had been made. To Leander Hosnier, of Bedford, the second premium. $20 Tor exhibition the show was indebted to Mr 'homas Williams, ofNoddJe'sIslandfor a view of 19 full blood bull Cicero, 22 months old, of fine giire and promise. Col. Sanger of Sherburne sent file animal of this description. Tie show w-as in like manner indebted to Mr oh 1 Periy, of Sherburne, for a view of many of is high bred stock. BULL CALVES. To Noah Johnson, for his Bull calf 6^ months Jd, weighing 6 14 lbs. of foreign cross and good ppearance, $15. iThere were no other Bull calves that were thought J deserve a premium. There was a Bull calf of puted excellent breed for milk and of the same tock with Mr Saunderson's cow to which was warded the first premium. But though fair to view your committee did not jel authorised to award a premium. This he may erbaps merit hereafter. This cow's milk made 14 lbs. of Butter a week and satisfactory evidence was given of her being a very productive animal ; of native stock. To John Ballard, of Framingham, the third premium, $1,5 This was a well formed animal, and of valuable milch qualities. She had for several months yielded over 12 lbs. of Butter a week. Her stock was mainly native. Other fine stock was exhibited for premium a cow of Mr Aspinwall, of Brookline, was much admired and deservedly so— Her figure was beau- tiful, and her product might perhaps have equalled that of any other animal exhibited at the shovy^, but an excessive feed on apples reduced her milk soon after calving. For some days she gave at the rate of 13 lbs. of Butter a week. She is said also to be in milk nearly all the time, and the committee doubt not that under other circum- stances this animal may hereafter receive a high premium. Mr Saunderson, Jun. of Waltham, Col. Met- calf of Cambridge, Mr Wyman, of Shrewsbury, Mr Adams, of Newton, Col. Taylor, of Quincy, Mr Bemis, of Waltham, and Mr Sanborn, of Charlestown, either for premium or Exhibition added to the merits of the show. HEIFERS IN MILK. The 1st premium to the Rev. Henry Colman of Salem, §15, This extraordinary Heifer was o native stock. She calved 2d of Sept. last, and had given at. some time when measured 16 quarts in a day. But it would seem the quality of her milk must be superior, for in ten and a half days there was had therefrom 18.J lbs. of Butter and at other times on trial, 14 lbs. of Butter a week. Most of this appears by the certificate of her former owner Mr L. Hazelton, Jr, of Haverhill. The second premium to Seth Davis, of New- ton, or a native Heifer, 28 months old of great product and promise. HEIFERS NOT IN MILK. The 1st premium to Samuel Fisk of Saugus'for a beautiful heifer out of Bolivar, $12; her age was 8 inonths 5 days, weighing 584 lbs. and of fine figure. The second premium to Mr William Furness of Medford, for his native Heifer, $10. Its age was 7 months and 3 days — Its weight 519 lbs. This animal did justice to the care taken of it and promised to reward it. To John Prince, Esq. of Roxbury, the 3d premi- um, for his Heifer, $8. This handsome Heifer was of the short horn breed principally, with some- what of the Bakewell an^^lderney blood. To Mr Thomas WilliafB, for his Heifer from Coelebs called Isabella, the 4th premium, $6. This was a high bred Heifer and wholly of import- ed Blood. There were many Heifers that were ornamen- tal to the pens both for premium and exhibition. Hon. Luke Fiske of Waltham, Stephen Higgin- son, Esq. of Cambridge, MrN. Brown of Wahliam, Capt. Mackay of Weston, Mr Watson of Piir^' ton, Mr Bemis of Waltham, Mr Dudley of Ihigm- on, Mr fliay of Roxbury, Mr Phillips of Lynn, Mr Swift of Newton, and Mr Williams, of Nod- dle's Island, (in a fine Heifer from Bolivar,) with others, gave many good instances of the improved condition of our stock. The productiveness of the Milch animals in fact appeared to your Committee to exceed what has formerly been exhibited. Ofthe improvement in the handsome show of Heifers mention has been made — Of the Bull there were some fine specimens; of Calvea there werefewand 1 premium only was awari^ed. This is not so much to be regretted as these animals are generally so loaded with fat as to make itdifiicult atso early an age to decide on form or properties'^ • All which is submitted. JOHN WELLES, GEORGE SMIT II, ). Connnittee. NATHAN ADAMS, ES, \ [Til, }i VMS, Jr. j Silk. — %. beautiful specimen of sewing silk was exhibited at the Fair of the American Institute, in N. Y., which was raised from the silk worms, and manufactured by Miss Louisa Hewlett, daughter of John V. Hewlett of Oyster Bay. These evi- dences of skill and industry prove that our coun- try is fully capable of being independent of the old world for this branch of manufacture. To remove water spots from black crape veils. If a drop of water fall upon black, transpai-ent crape, it immediately turns it white, leaving a dis- figuring mark. To remove this, spread the veil on the table, laying smoothly under the stain, a piece of old black silk. Then dip a camel's hair pencil into some good writing ink, and wet the white spot with it. Immediately, (and before the ink has time to dry) wipe it off with an old piece of canton crape or some thing of similar soft tex- ture, taking care to rub it crosswise ofthe crape. This process will cause the water stain entirely to disappear, and unless the ink is allowed to diy before it is wiped off, no mark will be seen on the place. Canal Tolls.— The Albany Argus, states that the tolls collected on the State Canals up to the 1st ol September, amount to $514,000 being about $100,000 more than were collected in the same period last year. Worcester cattle show, took place on the 13th inst.— The iollowing is from the Report on Manufacturers. A bed-spread made by Miss Caroline Henshaw of Leicester, vphen three years of age, came in close competition with a bed quilt, made by Mrs Sarah Dunsmoor of West Bol- ston at the age of S4. Either ol Ihera would do great credit to persons in the meridian of life. .£ good day's Work.— At Shutesbury, on Wednesday, Sept. 29, Mrs Bogue on the anniversary of her birth day, at the completion ol her ninety fifth year, spun fifty four knots of woollen yarn, of a supeiior quality. Such women were our mothers! How many of the younger portion of their descendants at the present day can equal this performance ? — Worcester Spy. Corn and Cob.— A western paper says that it has been ascertained that 13 bushfels of ears of corn ground will af- ford as much nourishment to hogs and cattle, as 9 bushels of shelled corn. American Cotton goods arc now exported to Calcutt with great profit, and materials for our manufactures are received here from there. The Raleiffh Register says— In a letter written by the Rev. Mr. Dwight from Con- tantinople, to a friend in Ulica, New York, he states that our Cotlon goods are in good reputation at that place —so much so, that the English actually put American stamps on their goods, to soil them to better advantage.' 116 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Oft. 29, 1830. fRKSHIRE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL. EXHIBITION. The Pittsfield Argus, oF October 14th, contains tlie following notices of the Cattle Show and Fair, lately held at that place. Messrs Rdssell on the first day of the Fair was served up iu their usual elegant and beautiful style. On the second day, the Society dined at the new house of Mr John Pomerot, and were plentifully regaled with the good things of the , rr.1 1 r 11 • , ,.,:.u .i,„ „„.>/,.,ir.-,nv scason. Uniting clcgance with variety.' ' The remarks lollowing, witb the accompany- • ° ° -l__ iug reports, were furnished us by the Committee of publication of the Society. . The twentieth anniversary, of the Berkshire I ^i^^'/y';,"';;;; f^'..^^^^^ ^„^, ,.^i i„ ,^^^ afternoon, Agricultural Society was held at P.ttsficld dunng | ,^^^ notwithstanding these untoward circumstan WORCESTER CATTLE SHOW. Wag held on thi; 13th inst. The day was 5oc«;ty the past week. At no former anniversary lias there been so splendid an Exhibition, or one so well calculated to strengthen the heart of the patriot, or cheer the feelings of the philanthropist. The man who beheld the first anniversary twenty years ago, and witnessed the late one, must re- joice at the rapid advancement of the Berkshire farmers in agricultural knowledge, prosperity and improvement; and who during the laiise of he these years, has marked upon these occasions the progressive improvement of public manners and morals, must indeed rejoice. It was calculated by those who are accustomed to large assembla- ges, who ai-e used to count the drops of' the wave of the multitude,' that near six thousand persons were present. During both days there was no fighting, no disturbance of good order and in- stances of intemperance were extremely rare. 'The exhibition was honored with the uresence of many gentlemen of distinction from abroad, particularly from the neighboring state of New York. The exhibition of animals was superior in number and quality to any ever before exhibited. Ths highly improved stock of Cattle exhibited by Col Dwight, attracted general notice. As there was no premium announced for a stock of Cattle the spirit which induced him to bring them for- ward is praise worthy. The exhibition of man- ufactures, although not so large as would be de- sirable, evinced an improvement in the excellency at their fabric.' * # « 'The public exercises wei-e held in the old Church on the second day. It is cause of re- gret that so many were excluded for want of room. The religious duties were performed by Kev. Dr Shepard. It is great praise to say that he maintained his well established reputation for I^cty and talents — the devout aspirations, the fer- vent supplications, which fell so eloquently from his lips seemed to alight on the hearts of his hearers. The address by Theodore Sedgwick, Esq. was worthy of him, and honorable to the Society. He did not confine himself to minute details of small things, the specks of farming, but he advanced his standard, he recurred to first piinciples — practical principles of action, conduct, and economy, well calculated to extend the pros- perity, to improve the condition, and promote the general happiness of the community. As the Address is to be published, it is not necessary to enlarge so much as inclination prompts. It was received by the audience with attention, and when concluded they testified their approbation by Clieers, long, loud and hearty. ' The singing, led by Mr Billings, was excel- lent, particularly thebeautifid Ode by W. C. Bai'- Awr, the Berkshire Bard. 'The performances of both days were cnliven- (A by a fine band of music, led by Major Hanson. Much praise is due Col. Nelson Strong, and the A.saistant Marslinls, for the preservation of good order, and carrying the arrangements into elfect. The Dinner at the old established house of ces, the collection of people was nearly on an av- erage with the former similar exhibitions. The number of teams which engaged in the Ploughing Match vpas twentyone, a greater num- ber than on the former occasion. And it was ob- served by the Committee that at no other time has the work been so well done. The President of the Society, Gov. Lincoln made a brief and valuable exposition of the present state of the Socie- ty. A blessing on the proceedings of the daywas in- voked by the Rev. Mr Miller. An address was delivered by Ira Barton, Esq. of Oxford. This is commended as sound, practical and replete with good sense, clothed iu chaste and appropriate language. The whole number of entries of stock of all kinds was two hundred and fftyeight animals, ex- clusive of the teams engaged in the Ploughing Match, of which one hundred and nincfyfour were neat cattle, and the remainder were the various descriptions of sheep and swine. This is a larger number than has been exhibited on any former occasion, with exception of the year 1 828. The exhibition of Butter and Chesse is highly commended. Of Cheese there were lots from 44 different dairies, each lot weighing from 100 to 150 lbs. the aggregate of the whole being about 5000 lbs. _^ FALL RIVER CATTLE SHOW. The last Fall River Monitor gives a detailed ac- count of the Cattle Show and Fair which took place in that village on Tuesday of last Week. The exhibition of manufactured articles was par- ticularly gratifying, and the specimfens of calico from Mr A. Robeson's manufactory and from the Taunton printworks might, it is said, vie in beauty with any of the English patterns. At the sale in the afternoon, a carpet containing ten yards was sold for $16 to a gentleman of this ttivvn. About 100 gentlemen "partook of a dinner at t!ie Exchange Hotel. A number of appropriate toasts were given on the occasion among which were the fL»!lowing. By James Ford, Esq. — Tlie Fall River Cattle Shctv and Fair — May it be permanently establisli- ed, liberally encouraged, and the fondest expect- ations of its projectors fully realized. By Hon. James L. Hodges. — Our Farms and Gardens — Ov.'ned and cultivated by enlightened freemen — may they never be subjected to the despotism of weeds, ignorance or indolence. Hon. Russell Freeman, on being called 'upon remarked — that 'As this was an occasion for local exhibition, it might not be ill-timedHte indulge in a little local pride and boasting. IWt to name the illustrious characters, natives of the Old Colony, who had, in times past, occupied the high places of the state and iialinn, our sister state of Maine, bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh, is now indebted to us for both her Senators in Congress, and many of her high judicial and other functionaries ; and three of the four of our own supreme Judicia Tribunal, the Secretary of the Commonweallli the Attorney and Solicitor Generals, the Distil Judge, and last not least, the Mayor of Bostui sprang from among us. He would therefo: propose — : The Old Colo7iy — at the head of the Commo; wealth in mental exhibition; not secondary , mere animal, vegetable or artificial productions. By M. H. Ruggles, Esq. Vice President— T/ir Fanners of Somerset and the citizens of Fait River — The latter may toil and spin, but their fields an not arrayed like one of these. — Providence papc/ Brooklyn Productions. — We have before staT> that the Isabella grapes have been abundant an excellent throughout Brooklyn. We have see;i single Isabella grape from Blr Leavit's garde l which measured two inches and eleven sixteenth: in circumference, and perfectly round. Figs have come to good maturity. We lia\ seen a. dozen perfectly ripe and very fine frni the garden of Mr Birch. The Lima Cocoa Nut Squash has grown twentj two inches in length, in the gardens of J. Seamar and A. Spooner. At maturity they are pronounc- ed good. — Brooklyn Star. DOMESTIC COTTONS. A writer in the Daily ' Advertiser, states thai within the last three months, some thousands Oj tons of merchandise have been imported in oui ships from Calcutta, three fourths of the bulk o which consists of raw materials for the use of oui manufactories in this vicinity, and upon whict the ship owners have a freight of twentyfive o: thirty dollars per ton, and the importers twenty tt forty per cent, profit — and that, what is more tc be noted and wondered at, apart of these veri cargoes have been paid for by our cotton manufac- tures, sold in Calcutta at a i)rofit 15 to 25 pe cent. The instances of profitable shipments o our coarse cottons to India, he adds, are not oru or two, but many. The intrinsic superiority o. our ' domestics' to the ' India cottons' is now almost as well understood and appreciated by the natives of Hindostan as by those of New England. Upon the same subject, the Salem Gazette says — ' It is but a kw years since this action [carrying Cotton to Calcutta] would have been deemed no less absurd than that expressedjjy the corresponding phrase of "carrying Coal to New- castle ;" yet it bids fair to he soon one of frequenn occurrence. The ship Rome, of this port, belonjf" ing to P. Dodge, Esq. on the outward voyage from which she has just returned, carried ali' ' 300 bales of American cotton cloths, which ii well un,) not suitable for our climate. From r Stearns, of Salem. Cliaumontelle, of large size, (Cox, No. 4(i.) From Jlr A. Voung, of Boston, a remarkabiy fine specimen of his Baking Pear, weighing "23 oz. From Mrs Chaplin, of Cambridge ' Port, pears of good flavor, from a tree imported from France; a good bearer, name unknown. From Mr A. D. Williams, of Roxbury, pears from a tree im- iil ported from Scotland, name unknown ; appears to be the same kind ns the last mentioned. From Mr R. 'oohcy, of Waltham, Monsieur John, fCox, No. 33) good breaking pear. From E. M. Richards, Rush- more's Bon Cretien, an inferior fruit, and Monseiur •fljolin. Peaches. — From Mr Otis Pettee, of Newton, Hys- lop Clingstone, a very fine and prolific variety ; also lome of the same sort, prepared in the following manner. ' Eight peaches, weighing 2 lbs., brushed Jean, and put into a dish with 3 oz. best brown su- Tar, and set into a steam kettle ; the steam kept up intil the fruit was soft. ' I have practised the above uetliod llirough the Peach season, varying the quan- ity of sugar according to the taste or quality of the ruit.' A pleasant but not rich preparation — will :eep5or 0 days. From E. M. Richards, Heath Clingstone, (Cox, No. 13) The season has been very mfavorable for the maturity of this sort. ,Sj)j>le3.— From Mr E. Bartlett, of Roxbury, Mon- trous Pippin, (Cox, No. 27) one of them weighed •8 oz., Pearmain, Winter Pearmain, (Cox, No. 47) ■Newton Pippin, very large, Golden Pippin, (Cox, No. 4) Spitzenburg, and one variety, name unknown. 'rom Mr G. W. Porter, of Medford, a handsome •Teen apple, weighing 1 lb., not in eating, name un- known. From Mr Manning, remarkably fine frnit vom a French dwarf tree, name unknown, and a uperior variety, origin not known. Grapes. — From J. Prince, Esq. of Roxbury, White cuppernong, of good appearance; not mature ; raised 1 open ground. 0 THE FSUIT COJIMITTEE. With the boxof Catawba Grapes sent to the Hor- cultural Society by John Adlum, Esq. from the ineyard near Georgetown, I also send you an ex- ■act from his letter under date of 20th Sept. 1830, reeled to the subscriber. " The grapes I send you ■e not so good as usual, the best and earliest are Dne ; they ripened about the loth of tliis month — «ose you will receive ripened in the shade; of lurse not so high flavored, the bunches not full and rge, caused first by a hail storm when in blossom, ■id secondly by a drought when ripening. The •land Grapes ripened this season at the same time e Catawba did, usually a few days later." Dorchesicr, Oi-fobcr 21, 1330. S. DOWNER. The fine vinous Catawba Grapes, from Maj. Adlum. ■ Georgetown, (D. C.) Mr Nathaniel Seaver's, of oxbury, and E. Phinnsy, Esq. of Lexington, are ■onounced identically the same by the committee 1 Fruits. From Mr D. Fosdick, of Charlestown, ne bunchps of White Muscadine, raised in the open round. From Mr Sharp, of Dorchester, Seedling itapcs, raised in the open ground, resembling the eet \Vater, good for the season. E. M. RICHARDS. Grape Vines, Fruit Ti-ees, ifc. 4000 Isabella Grape Vines, 1 year old, at $25 per 100. 5000 " " 2 years old, and very strong, $3\i per 100. SOO Catawba, strong, 2 years old, at $35 per 100. 2000 Alexander's, at $25 per 100— ^j^ftu^^ and other Grape Vines, as per '■*■' ■'■'■^'^ Catalogue. Pear Trees of large size and exceedingly vigorous growth, of a great variety of kinds — Also, the finest new varieties originated in Europe, of sizes in proportion to the period of their introduction, some of them 2, 3, and 4 years, from the inoculation. Among these is the genuine Colmar Souverain, of Van Mons, of from 2 to 3 years' growth, one of the most splen- did fruits yet introduced. The Sylvanche vert d'hyver, Colmar d'hyver. Napo- leon, Passe Colmar, Foxlcy, Beurre d'Albecq, Prince du piintemps, Colmar blanc, Downton, Marie Louise, Mer- veille de Charneux, Garnestoue, Burghill,, Wormsley Grange, Beurre Bosc, Rouselench, Lowell, La belle Ma- linoise, Beurre Spence, all of which are excellent trees, for the period since introduced, having been ingrafted 4 to 5 feet from the ground, on young thrifty stocks. The Plum trees form a collection of more than 20,000, and are almost wholly on the fine new stock, and gener- ally 3 years' growth from the inoculation, and very vigor- ous— some few very new kinds are however but 1 and 2 years' growth. All the other species of Fruits, such as Apples, Peaches, Nectarines, &c, are of fine size. The Proprietors are tJms particular in calling the pub- lic attention, because their great attenfion and extension of the Establishment to above 40 acres, compactly filled, has caused the ti'ees now offered to be greatly superior to nil former periods, and they tender them as unrivalled in size and accuracy. A supplement Catalogue, containing the new varieties of fruits, has been published, and may be obtained of Mr J. B. Russell, and of the proprietors Among the Ornamental Trees, the Silver leaved Abeh stands conspicuous for its great beauty and rapid growth and several thousand are now offered of large size The collection of the Camellia Japonica, contains several thousand plants, and they are reduced to very low prices in the new Greenhouse Catalogue, of 1830 — and the other species are also proportionably reduced. WM. PRINCE, & SONS ./Ipptcs. Gentlemen in want of fine Baldwin or Greening Apples, of extra quality and fairness, raised from a .vou«;,' orchard in this vicinity, can have them delivered at any place in Boston, at ifftl.SS per barrel, by leaving their orders at Mr Russell's Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, where specimens of the fruit may be seen. Oct. 29. Pear Seedlings. For sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street— 20,000 Pear Seedlings, in fine order for Nurseries — raised within six miles of Boston — at from 5 to $10 per thousand, according to their size, &c. They will be suit- ably packed, as wanted, for transportation to any dislance Durham Short Horns. For sale, several of the pure breed, descendants of the celebrated animals presented by Admiral Sir Isaac CoFFijf, to the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. The pedigree of these animals can be given as far back as Huhhach, who was calved in 1777, and is reputed the foundation of this much admired stock. Also, several Heifers bred from the same, of various grades, from half up to seven eighths blooded animals. For particulars, inquire of E. Hersey Derby, Salem. Salem, October, 1830. Wanted In a Book and Job Printing Office, in Boston, two Apprentices. Those from the country would he preferred. Apply to Mr J. B. Russell, at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street. Oct. 29. VEGETAIiLES. Mr Otis Pettee, exhibited a fine large Cauliflower, aishinsryi lbs. when divested of its leaves. Prince's Treatise on the Vine. Just received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, A Treatise on the Vine ; embracing its History from the earliest ages to the present day, with descriptions of above two hundred Foreign, and eighty American varie- ties ; together with a complete dissertation on the Estab- lishment, Culture, and Management of Vineyards. * The Vine, too, hero her curling tendrils shoots. Hangs out her cluster! glowing to the south. And scarcely wishes for a warmer sky.' By Wm. Robert Prince, aided by Wai. Prince, Proprietor of the Linnsan Botanic Garden. 1 vol. octa- vo, 355 pages. Price $1,50. Oct. 29. Catatvba Grape Vines. THE GENUINE SORT. For sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market-street — 50 Vinos of the true Catawba Grape, one year old, price 75 cts. each. This is one of the best native, table, or wine Grapes cultivated ; the bunches large, with shoulders, very thickly set, with large berries of a pale red or lilac color, and in some situations covered with a beautiful bloom, giving them ablueish purple appearance. They have a slight musky taste, and delicate flavor. E. Edward.s, Esq. of Springfield, forwarded three "^^^Y ''''^e " ''''° ^^'°' '*'«'">' '■'"'^ Pu'P. ^^ perfectly bar- alparaiso Squashes, of extraordinary size which ''5'' °"'' surpass most of the native grapes that have been "^re particularly described last week I «^'"t'"ed at the Hall of the Massachusetts Hoi-ticultural .Society, the two past seasons. The pulp diminishes and almost disappears when they are left on the vine till they attain to perfect maturity. The vines are great bearers : one vine in Mrs Schell's garden, in Clarksburg, Mary- land, has produced eight bushels of grapes in one season n„„ T ,r\. rr. , j •„ j . • I — and e^soCTi younger vines in the garden of Joshua John- ^m;,, 1 ? nf ,t s' °r'^°^'°"',^f admit tedasubscnp- i ,on, Esq. of the same State, have produced in one season Ti member of the Society, at the last meetmg. | thirty bushels of fruit. A particular history and descrip- n„ „ ;; ; : — : ■ ! tion of this fine grape will be found in Prince's new »°5 T? ''^^'"^'•■~f •,7''?" ^^o'^'n"''"^'''!"''^ are 1 Treatise on the Vine, just published. There can be no *^L/^„ F f;^' "f'''^-^"'';^'^ '«?«=;•■. which was I mistake with regard to the idendlv of the above vines, as 1 annea '"'^°"' '° ^^^'' ""'-"^ °^ '^'^ Echassery, will | (hoy are all from the garden of Mr Seaver, who raided P" '■ the first Catawba Grapes ever exhibited in Massachusetts. Dr P. G. Robhins, of Ro.xbury, exhibited G of the ,e Squash, tweiitytwo of which grew on a piece of ■ound less than two rods square, twelve of them eighed 401 lbs. averaging 33J lbs. each. NOTICE. The Library Committee of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, in pursuance of a vote passed at the meeting on Saturday, the 23d inst., request all persons having in their possession, any books or pamphlets be- longing to the Library, to return them to the Librarian at the Hall immediately, that the committee may be enabled to form a Catalogue of the same, for publication. Z. COOK, Jr. Oct. 29. In behalf of the Library Committed. Grape Vims. ^ The subscriber has for sale at his garden in Dorchester, the choicest variety of Grape Vines ever offered for sale in Ibis vicinity. Many of them are now in fruit, and purchasers are invited to call ami make a selection. The following compose a part of the variety. Black Hamburg, Black Cape, White Muscadine, Golden Muscat, Gore's, (a beautiful Black Grape) Caroline. Napoleon, White Chasselas, Golden Chasselas, Red Chasselas, Black Constantia, Bland, Ferrol. 8 varieties of superior fruit from Xeres and Malaga. 400 two years old Isabellas. 1400 one " " " 200 Catawba, or what has heretofore been considered the Bland. It is now satisfactorily ascertained that the Bland grape will not ripen in this climate, in the open ground. Orders by mail, addressed to the Subscriber, or person- al application at his office. No. 7i Congress-street, for any number of Vines from one to one hundred or more, wdl meet with prompt attention. Application may also be made to Patrick Kennedy, at the garden. Boston, Sept. 27, 1830. 5t ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr. Brighton Market — Monday, Oct. 25. [Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot.] At Market this day 3154 Cattle, 6430 Sheep, and 720 Swine, a large proportion of which were sold. Prices — Beef Cattle — From $3,25 to 4,50 ; a few extia only brought 4,50. We noticed however one yoke taken at 5,00. The pretniuin cattle were taken last week at $6 a 7. Barrelling Cattle— for Mess. $3,50, a 3,5S ; No. 1, 3, a 3,08 ; No. 2, 2,67, a 2,75. Sheep. — Sales brisk, considering the number at market. We noticed four prime Cossat Wethers, taken at $19, as follows : one for 8, two for 8, and one for 3. We noticed also another lot of about 25 Wethers taken at $3 each ; a lot of 30 at 2,50 ; also a lot of more than 200, part weth ers, for 2,42 ; and lots at the following prices : 2,25 2, 1,75, 1,.5S, ],.50, l,37i, and 1,25 — those last mentioned were probably purchased for the pelts only. Swine. — Considerable doing; we noticed one entire lot of 250 taken 34c ; one lot of 53 selected Barrows, at 4ic , one of 60 Sows and Barrows, at 4c ; and oneofOO'lic; also, one remnant, to close, at 3|c. At retad, selected, 4c for Sows, and 5c for Barrows. 120 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Oct. 29, 1830. MISCELLANIES THE DYING CHILD. Ah, look thy last, fond mother — On the beauty of that brow. For death's cold hand is passing o'er Its marble stillness now ; * Those silken eyelids weighing down Upon the glazed eye, Are telling to thy breaking heart, The lovely one must die. Yes, mother of the dying one, The beautiful must go ; The pallid cheek, and fading eye, And trembling lip of snow. Are signets fro-n the hand of Death, When unseen angels come To bear the young and beautiful To their own happy home. That soft white hand within thy own. May never more entwine Its arms around the mother's neck. Like tendrils of the vine — Those still, cold fingers never more Along thy forehead fair, Shall dally with the raven curls That cluster thickly there. The flashes of its speaking eye — The music of its mirth — Shall Viever more make glad the hearts Around the parent's hearth ; Then look thy last, fond Jiiother — For the earth shall he above . And curtains up that sleeping one. The first born of thy love. But let thy burning thoughts go forth — And pray that thou may'st meet That sinless one, where worlds shall bow Before the judgment seat ; And pray, that when the wing of death Is shadowed on thy brow. Thy soul may be beside the one That sleepeth near thee now. JV. E. Review. A HINT TO MOTHERS. When we contemplate what great things de- ])cnd on what, to a superficial observer, is of small moment, we wish to speak a word of cau- tion. Our subject is that of the common, every (lay conversation of mothers to their children. When giving to your children commands, bej careful that you speak with a becoming dignity, as if, not only the right,but the wisdom also to com- mand was with yon. Be careful not to discover a jealousy that your injunctions may not be attend- ed to, for if the child sees that you have doubts, ' they will lead the child to doubt too ! Be cautious never to give your commands in a loud voice, nor in haste. If you must speak loudly in order to be obeyed, when it is not convenient to raise your voice, you must expect to be disobeyed; and if it be convenient for you to speak loudly, you must re- msmber that it is inconvenient for others to hear it. But with regard to manner, be careful to speak in a soft, tender, kind, and loving way. Even when you have occasion to rebuke, be careful to do it with manifest kindness. Tlie effects will be incalculably better. When you are obliged to deny the request that your child may make, do not allow yourself to do this with severity. It is enough for our little ones to be denied of wliat they may think they want, without being nearly knocked down with a sharp voice ringing in their tender ears. If you practise severity, speak harshly, frequent- ly punish in anger, you will find your children will imbibe your spirit and manners. First, you will find they will treat each other as you treat them ; and after they arrive to a little age, they will treat you with unbecoming replies. But if you are wise and treat your little ones with ten- derness, you will fix the image of love in their minds, and they will love you and each other, and in their conversation will imitate the conversation which they have heard from the tenderest friend which children have on earth. TATTOOING. The operation of tattooing is one of a still more severe and sanguinary description in New Zealand, than it would seem to be in any of the other islands of the South Sea ; for it is performed here, not merely by means of a sort of fine comb, which merely pricks the skin, and draws from it a little serum slightly tinged with blood, but, also by an instrument of the nature of a chisel, which at every application, makes an incision into the flesh, and causes the blood to start forth in gushes. This cliisel is sometimes nearly a quarter of an inch broad, although, for the more minute parts of the figure, a smaller instrument is used. The stick with which the chisel is struck, is occasion- ally formed into a broad blade at one end, which is applied to wipe away the blood. The tincture is said to be sometimes obtained from the juice of a particular tree. Some are tattooed at eight or ten years of age ; but a young man is accounted very efleminate, who reaches his twentieth year whhout having undergone the operation. Mr Marsden told one of the chiefs. King George, as he was called, that he must not tattoo his nephew Racow, who was a very fine looking youth, with a dignified, open, and placid countenance, remarking that it would quite disfigure his face ; ' but he laughed at my advice,' says Mr Marsden, ' and said he must be tattooed, as it would give him a noble, masculine, and warlike appearance ; that he would not be fit for his successsor with a smooth face ; the New Zealanders would look on him merely as a wo- man, if be was not tattooed.' Mr Savage says, that a small spiral figure on each side of the chin, a semicircular figure over each eyebrow, and two, or sometimes three lines on each lip, aj'e all the tattooing the New Zealand women are required tc submit to. Rutherford's account is, that they have a figure tattooed on tlie chin, resembling a crown turned upside down ; that the iiisidc of their lips is also tattooed, the figures here appear- ing of a blue color ; and that they have also a mark on each .side of the mouth resembling a candlestick, as well as two stripes about an inch long on the forehead, and one on each side of the nose. Their decorations of this description, as well as those of the other sex, are no doubt difler ent in different parts of the country. Rutherford states, that in the part of the coun- try where he was, the men were commonly tat- tooed on their face, hips, and body, and some as low as the knee. None were allowed to be tat- tooed on the forehead, chin, and upper lip, except the very greatest among the chiefs. The more they are tattooed, he adds, the more they are hon- ored. The priests Mr Savage says, have only i small square patch of tattooing over the right eye These stains, although their brilliancy may per J haps decay with time, being thus fixed in the flesh I are of course indelible — just as much as tl:- ' marks of a similar nature which our own sai'.o frequently make on their arms and breasts, by in troducing gunpowder under the skin. — Libran I of Enterlaininp^ Knotded^e. \l — : . — The contented Female.-A nobleman soliciting a young country girl to abandon her rustic statei and reside in a populous city, she replied, 'Ah !— my Lord, the farther we remove from ourselves, thf greater is our distance from happiness!' — Tliej who leave their homes, uncalled by Providence, ir search of happiness, generally find they are onlj farther from it. Requisites. — There are five requisites for i professed drunkard : — A face of brass — nerves ol steel — lungs of leather — hei»rt of stone and an in. combustible liver. Pretty Women. — ' Of all other views, a mar may, in time, grow tired ; but in the countenance of women there is a variety which sets -Tcarinesi at defiance.' — The divine right of beauty, say! Junius, is the only divine right an Englishmat can acknowledge, and a pretty woman the onlj tyrant he is not authorized to resist. Idleness Lord Chatham writes to his nephew- at Cambridge — ' Vitanda est improba Siren, Desi da, I desire may be affixed to the curtains of youi bed, and to the walls of your chambers. If yot do not rise early, you can never make any pro gross worth anything. If you do not set apar your hours of reading ; if you suffer yourself, Oi i any one else, to break in upon them, yom- dayi h will slip through your hands, unprofitable am ^ frivolous, unpraised by all you wish to please, anci \' really unenjoyed by yourself.' i' JVew Work on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store ronneclc. with the New England Farmer Office, No. 52 Nortl Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or, Farriery taught on a nev, and easy plan : being a tieatise on all the diseases an^ accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the causes am symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies em- ployed for the cure in every case ; with instructions to llit Shoeing- Smith, Farrier, and Groom, how to acquire knowledge in the art of Farriery, and the prevention ol Diseases. Preceded by a popular description of the anir mal functions in health, and showing the principles on . . which these are to be restored when disordered. By John Hinds, Veterinary Surgeon. With considerable additions and impiovemenls, particularly. adapted to this country,'' by Thomas M. Smith, Veterinary Surgeon, and iMembei ii of the London Veterinary Medical Society. Price $1,26. ^ Published every I-'riday, at ^o per annum, payable at tho end of the ycar-but those who pay within sixty days fromtha ' time of subscribing, are entitled to a deduction of tifty centa. | [Ij= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment being made in advance. Printed for J. B. RDSSELT,,byL R. Butts — by whoni I all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet the | wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B. ^ Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Nortb Market Street. AOENTS. New IVA— G. Thokbukn & Son, 67 Liberty-street. Philadelphia— V. &. C. Landreth. S5 C'hestnul-slreet. Ballimore—G. B. Smith, Oliice otlhe American Farmer. j Albanii — Hon. Jesse Buel. i Flushing, N. K. Wm. Prince &. SoNs,Prop. Lin. Bol. Garden ' Hartford — Goodwin & Sons. Nfii'hnnjport, Edenezer Stedman, Bookseller. Hutifar.n. S.— P. J. Holland. Esq. Recorder Office. Montreal, L. C. — A. Bowman, Bookseller. NEW ENGL.AND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT yo. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Aguiculthral \Varebouse.)-T, G. FESSENDEN, EDirORT VOL. IX. BOSTO.V, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 183 0. NO. 16. ANADDRESS I "eed not say how great are the improvements, Dslivored before the Jlassachusotts Society for the rromolion of which, sillCe the establishllieut of these societies Agriculture, October aotb, 1830. | and shovvs, have taken place in every branch of Bi J. c. Gkav, Escj. - Jour Ajricnitnre. To give a complete history of It is witli great dilfidence, my friends, that I uowj those improvements, to ih-a\v an exact parallel he- address you. This duty has hitlierto been dis- ' tvveen the Agriculture of Massachusetts as it now charged by men distiuguished at once as theoretical is, anl as it was previous to our last war, would and as practical fartnere, able not only to display be inleed a most interesting task, but it would be in impressive language the immense importance of I unsuted to the narrow limits of this occasion, and Agricidture, but to convey to their audience much j is wirthy far abler hands than mine. 1 shall valuable practical information. I cannot pretend thcnforenicrely state a very few facts, in relation to to follow in thoir footsteps. My experience in I one. lescription of improvements, which while they Agriculture is comparatively recent, and my pre- are among the most important, are also the most ecsions to the name of an accomplished farmer !.ttremcly moderate. But I trust that I yield to lone in my zeal for the best interests of this great jt, and having been requested by my associates 0' make some remarks on topics comiected with *ie business of this day, I have not felt at liberty to •fuse so to do, though I can oii'er you nothing bet- ;rthan a few general and desultory observations obvous to thegeneral observer; I mean the clian whch have taken place in our Domestic Animals. Tlij most striking of these, is the entire revolution which las been effected in our Swine. A few years ajo our state was disgraced by a tall raw boned lace of these animals, who seemed formed mcnt, though great, was less urgent and manifest in this case, than ui those montionod above. Our native breed of cattle, commonly so called, is .sup- posed to be derived from the Devonshire stock, which is helil ev(S[ now in high estimation. The individuals of this 'Species of animals brought over by our forefathers, were probably among the best then existing iu Great Britian. The first settlers of Massachusetts Bay, were in many instances men of large "property, as well as great intelli- gence. I find in a history of New England writ- ten as early as the year 1652, a statement of the e.vpenses incurred by those settlers, for the trans- portation of themselves and their effects, up to that period. From this it appears that the transporta- tion only(e.xclusive of the price) of their domestic animals, cost then] twelve thousand pounds stea- ling. It does not seem probable, that when cal- led upon to incur so great an expense for the mere as has been observed by a great poet, of some of frei-ht of animals, they should have neglected to our ovii spcjiies, merely to consume the fruits of] select those of a good quality, inasmuch as any You well know, my friends, that Agriculture isltheea-th. This breed bears a great resemblance ae most ancient of Arts, unless perhaps we should onsider the mechanic arts as coeval with it. ou are equally aware, that in our country at •ast, it has ever been considered one of the most lepectable of human avocations. • It has always limbered among its votaries many of our most Btinguished citizens. It has formed either the »ief business or the favorite recreation of all, or "most all, those whom the people of this nation tve elevated to the highest office in their gift, and ur rainds will naturally revert to a distiuguished ;tauce within our own conmionwealth of the il, the steadiness, and ability, with which this ■ -suit has been followed, amidst the successive M 1 pressing avocations of the Bar, the Bench and I Chair of State. But it is only within a short iod, that Agriculture has held the rank in pub- •estimation, and engrossed the share of public ntion, due to its imniense importance. While great interests of Commerce and Manufactures, e occupied at different periods, much of the 3 and thoughts of our National and State Le- Btors, the improvement of our Agricidture was for a long time to the detached efforts of in- kluals. The MassachusettsAgricultural Society founded as early as the year 1792, but for tral years it stood alone in the Commonwealth ; iceived no patronage from our Legislature, and IflRirts were far less conspicuous, and less effect- hau in later times. Notwithstanding the num- and respectability of those who composed it, IS iu every sense of the word a private, rather a public association. It was not till nearly rears after, that a second society was incor- ted. The honor of introducing into this those important engines of Agricultural iin- to til) Gloucestershire breed of Great Britain, whici is supposed by the best English writers ou Agrl'ulture to have once prevailed throughout that Islaid, and we xnay therefore infer, that the two bre ds are iu fact derived from the same source. Ths most unprofitable description of stock is al- ratst expelled from the comiijpnwealth, and we trist will soon be numbered with the things that WA-c. Its place is supplied by animals of a far Afferent kind, whose superiority is obvious at the very first view. But though we all know that a ^aaterial change has taken place, few of us may be e«ually aware of the profit which it has produced to our commonwealth. This was estimated by the most competent judges several years ago, at no; less than one hundred thousand dollars per annum, and is now probably considerably larger, as the change at that time was much less entire thin at present. Tlie improvements which have been produced of late years in our Sheep, by the introductiou of the Spanish and Saxon races, will appear to be of far greater consequence, especially wlen we consider the immense and increasing | importance of our woollen manufactures. The wlole number of sheep in New England is in all probability not less than 3,600,000, of which nearly the whole are either of the foreign or mix- ed breed. It is believed by our most intelligent and experienced dealers in wool, that the value added to this product, by the introduction of the above mentioned races, may be safely estimated on an average, at one third of a dollar per fleece. Consequently New England has gained iu the in- creased value of this staple nearly twelve hundred thousand dollars per annum, which to avoid all others could hardly be '.vorih the carriage. How- ever this fact may be, it is certain that we have long possessed in this state a race of cattle highly respectable, containing many individuals which would compare advantageou^y with the finest an- imals of this description in any country. Still I am warranted by the opinions of the best judges in asserting, that a marked and important improve- ment has taken place in this, as well as in other descriptions of our domestic animals, since the in. troduction of agricultural societies and shows. I shall not agitat<) the mVch disputed question, whether this result be owing in any degree to the introduction of fine cattle from abroad. It is enough for my purpose, that the result itself is unquestionable, and that it is the effect of an in- creased care in the selection of animals for breed- ing. Now let it be recollected, that a considerable part of Massachusetts is essentially and uiichano-e- ably a grazing country — that beef cattle constitute the great staple of most of our interior districts, and form a large portion of the remittances made by the country to the sea coast, in exchange for the articles of use and of luxury which are drawn from thence. It ajipears by a statement in the New England Farmer in 1828, that the value of cattle sold at Brighton, principally or wholly for slaughter, in a little more than two months, amounted to about §5'10,000. These two mouths were it is true, the busiest in the year, but after all proper fillovvance for this circumstance, I think we may safely estimate the value of the horned cattle sold annually at Brighton, at a million and a half of dollars. When we consider in addition, the im^ mense importance of the products of our dairies, it must be acknowledjred, that too much conse- ilanger of exaggeration, I put down at a million, [quence cannot easily be attached to the improve- ement, Cattle Shows — and a high honor it is — |A milHon of dollars added in a few years to the j rnent to a still higher degree of our breed of cattle, nor too much praise awarded to those, who have so faithfully, and thus far so successfully, de- voted their attention to this object. There is one improvement in this description of animals, which I notice more particularly, because I believe it to be peculiar to New England, and consider it as one of her chief glories — I mean that which has taken place in her working oxen, whether employ- igs to the County of Berkshire, where the first annual revenue of New England, by the improve. e Show was held in the year 1814. Thefirstjment of only one branch of her Agriculture! e Show held at this place was in October, I The improvements which have lately taken place At present, there is not a County in the in our horned cattle, may be less striking than without its Agricultural Society, and its those which I have aheady stated. In the first h Show, with the exception of the County of 1)lk, and of the four Counties of Suffolk, Barn- r, Dukes and Nantucket, which consist, princi- or wholly of maritime towns. place, as these are animals of much slower growth than sheep or swine, a longer course of years is required to render any improvements extensive or perceptible. Secondly, the necessity of imjirove- 1 ed in draught or in ploughing. The ox has been 122 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, NW. 5, 1830. denominated by one of the most distinguished and bestof men, Dr Watts, our /Mow laborer, and the appellation is as trne as it is beautiful. Yet how long was it, before wc rendered full justice, to the merits of this humble but powerful auxiliary. His meekness, his steadiness, his capacity of en- during severe labor and subsisting on coarse fare, were indeed too striking to remain concealed, but it was for a long time supposed that these good qualities were in a great degree balanced by the extreme tardiness of his movements. A proper attention to his training has convinced us how much this supposition was founded in error, and we may now boast a race of working oxen, which for the despatch, neatness and efficiency with wliich they perform their labor, are certainly not surpassed, and most probably not equalled in any ])art of tlie world. Such, my friends, are a very few of the improvements which have taken place in our Agriculture, since the establishment of our agricultural societies and Cattle Shows. In what way these societies and shows have contributed to these improvements, is a point which has been so fully and ably handled in this place on former oc- casions, as to leave little room for any farther illus- tration. Indeed I think a candid mind will re- quire little other proof of the advantages resulting from x\gricultural Societies, to the great farming interest of this state, than that which can be drawn from their very existence. Twenty years ago there was scarcely a County Society in this Com- monwealth. At present, these societies exist, with scarcely an exception, in all our Farming Counties. Whence this increase ? Was it owing to a sudden impulse of popular feeling ? No, for these societies rose into being in gradual succes- sion. Can it be ascribed wholly or principally to the encouragement afforded by the Common- wealth ? That encouragement is highly credit- able to the liberality of the Legislature, for it has proved amply sutticient to efi'ect the desired ob- ject, and has been uniformly given with a promjrt- ness, which evinced that more would have been done, had more been necessary. But the sum which any society can receive annually from the treasury, is limited to an amount equal to the rev- enue derived by such society from its own funds, and can in no case exceed six hundred dol- lars. This bounty, liberal as in fact it is, mani- festly furnishes of itselt a very inadequate motive for the establishment of an Agricultural Society. Consider too the character of the people among whom these institutions have sprung up. It is among the farmers of Massachusstts, a race not given to change, men proverbially and wisely cautious, holding on to their settled opinions and habits with a grasp, which yields to nothing but the force of ■ cogent reasoning. To what else then can we as- cribe the multiplication of these societies than to the existence among our intelligent farmers, of a general, a deliberate, and may we not add a just con- viction, of their utility ? There is however, one ob- jection to these institutions, wliich though it prevails much less extensively than formerly, yet still re- tains its hold on many worthy minds, and is much oflencr felt than avowed. It is said that Agricultural Societies and Shows merely furnish an opportunity for theorists to display their fan- cied discoveries, and that their existence is of little importance or benefit to the practical farmer. My friends, no one respects more than I do the intel- ligent jiractical farmer, if indeed any one can lie an intelligcut fanner, without some degree of theory. No one is better convinced, that more is often learned from a few shrewd remarks from such an individual, or from a single day's observa- tion of his course of farming, than from volumas of essays, and hours of declamation from a mere theorist in agriculture. No one is more aware, that there have been, and now are among our fat- mers, men gifted with talents of the highest order, which would have raised theni to distinction, had such been their object, in any walk of human in- dustry. But it is for this very reason, that I ivould uphold Agricultural Societies and Shows. For, let me ask, what becomes of the sterling wBdom of these practical men ? Something of it trtiy be communicated to their children or their iimledi- ate neighbors, but the greater part goes icwn with them to the grave. ' Certain it is,' say; an ancient sage of the law, ' that when a good lavyer dietli, much learning dieth with him ;' and there- mark will apply with equal truth to the skill ind information of the good farmer. My friencb, I would arrest this valuable information before it passes away. I would induce the jtossessor of it to visit our shows and contend for our premums ; I would have it coramuuioated by his coinersation and simple statements, to our societies andtkrough them to the public ; I would have it brougVt into the great channel of intelligence, the press and diiTused throughout the whole community. \ The mere writer of agricultural essays has no n(fed of societies and shows. His facility of compoition enable him to place his thoughts on papel in the solitude of his library, and the press isahWys open to his effusions. But if we would remer the intelligence aad experience of the true pi\c- tical farmer either properly creditable to himsi|f, or properly beneficial to his fellow citizens, Iki of no means by which it can be so well cfFecti as by those which I have mentioned. My friends, I have spoken of the benefits which have resulted to the JlgricuUure of our state from the establish- ment of agricultural societies and cattle sho.vs. But I believe we should do great injustice to the subject, if we confined our attention to this class of benefits only. There are others of a political or rather mnral nature, of no mean importance. Ihe youngest of us may remember the time, wlen this coinmopwealth was divided into political pir- ties by questions of the most momentous aid most exciting character; when the contest vas carried on between those parties with the activty, the determination and fervor, which might hive been anticipated from their nearly equal forces, from the general intelligence of those who ccm- posed them, and from the importance of the stb- jects in dispute. Men wlio personally respec.ed each other, were ranged on opposite sides in bat- tle array, and many hard thoughts were entertain ed and many hard words exchanged, which wore ileeply regretted when the season of excitement had gone by. These times have happily jiassed away, but our community still is, and always will be, divided on questions less exciting perhaps tluui tliose which once existed among us, but still higljly inqiortant and interesting. And yet, my friends, we nowhere find the slightest vestige of party spirit in the proceedings of this, or of any Agri- cultural Society. So may it ever be; so we may pronounce after our past trying experience, will it ever be. In Agriculture we shall ever find a subject of harmonious interest, and how consoling is the thought, that however we may contend elswhere, hero at least we shall be at peace; that here is one tojjic which can divide the opinions without sever- ing the friendship of good men — one green spui where the demon of party violence can never iii- trndc — one most interesting object of human in- quiry which we can investigate and discuss wi all our heart and soul, not only without forgetti;, but without being tempted to forget, that we ;;, brethren. Yes, my friends, if ever all lines it party division fadeaway — if we ever realize tliai . we are all of one blood, nourished at the bosom of one common mother, it is when the interests of Agriculture are in question. But it is not political prejudices alone, which Ag- ricultural Societies have tended to suspend and soften. They have done much to alleviate others e(|ually dangerous at least — I mean those of a lo- cal nature. In this respect more has perhaps been effected by the Massachusetts Society, than by any other in the Commonwealth, not from any superior merit in its members, but simply from the force of circumstances. Owing to the manner in which it is composed and the situation of the place where its shows are held, it has served as a connecting link between the City and the Interior. To you, my friends, I need not say that the interesti of these great portions of our community are one and that any jealousy on either side is as impolitic as it is illiberal. I believe that this importau sentiment is constantly gaining ground, that if ini pressiotis of an opposite kind exist anywhen ilicy are founded in misconception, and are rapidl assiug away. This is indeed a pleasing opinior but it may be entertained on far better ground! Every day's observation convinces me that is not a grateful error but a sober truth. No' what can better promote harmonious feelings b' tween different portions of the state, what cc more tend to strengthen, diffuse, and perpetua them than that friendly interchange op sen' ments, upon sidijccts of deep and iinmutab interest to us all, which results necessarily fro Agricultural Societies and Shows ? He must singularly inexperienced or singularly unobscrvin who has not seen how often a little personal iiite course, or a word in season has caused the gros est misconceptions and prejudices to vanish, HI the morning cloud, and if this society has confe red any benefits on the public, that to which I a.| now referring is certainly one of the greatest. I Permit me now, my friends, to submit to yoi very few practica suggestions. The first reh; to insects. These are evils to which our Agriculture is | sumcd to be more exposed, than that of any p tion of the Old World. These animals are pn ably bred in most cases in our vast forests, ami they are driven out from their ancient haunts the progress of cultivation, descend in countl armies upon our fields and our gardens. WL ever he their origin, their prowess speaks but ' well for itself. The beautiful and active Bc^ which attacks the Locust tree, a tree comhin rapidity of growth, wilh hardness of wood i most singular degree, this insect I say, has lolil our country of valuable timber to the amount millions of dollars. The borer which mines into the solid trii of our Ai)ple trees, and the Canker worm, wli consuim.'S tlicir foliage like a flame of fin', equally destructive, within the circle of their • ages. It is true that our efforts to extirpate tli minute but powerful enemies as well as other a similar description, or even to check them Vol.IX.— No. 16. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 123 any considerable degree, have hitherto h^•^^n almost unavailiiiir, hut tiie ohjcct is one of the utmost im- portance, and sltonld not he rcliiiq lishcd till the greatest research and exertion have been exliaust- ed. The next suggestion wliich I shall ofler, relates to the ctiltivatiou of delicate fruits an TTI- TTf TW CT rr (Q 4\ QJ 3 (D ST 3 J j ready to compare notes with him whenever he ' New England, as the writer admits, to transplant . I thinks proper. I In reference to the correctness of the European sources whence new fruits are received, it is, as Mr Fessenden— I notice, in your paper of 22d, a connnunication signed '^ Cultmalor,'' in regard to which I will make a few passins re- marks. From the writer's misconcept: regard to Mr Knight, and his communication behig dated the 10th, it appears he had not seen my remarks relative to that point in your paper of 13th inst. to which I refer him. The writer very justly states that a person may commit an error without being censurable. Ihave cmsured no one therefore ; and I claim no exemption from the fate of all, and that Mr Knight may also com- mit an error is proved by the WJlremberg pear in spring ; and some of our best planters hav recommended, in your paper within the ]).■:,■•; year, instead of keeping the tree in its ii' ^ abode a long while before vegetation to tal. up early in spring from the nursery, and cov( FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER stated, a most important point ; and if there are any advantages to be derived from presents and gratuitous lenders, we have had a large share ; j roots deep, imtil the ground has become warm onceptiou in ' one collection alone sent by John Braddick, Esq, I May ; then place it in its new bed that it n of the London Horticultural Society, having com- have a light fresh soil in which to commence '. prised 32 varieties, and another from Pi'ofessor etation ; and I can testify that the most tin Bosc, of the Royal Garden at Paris, 11.5 varieties, I trees I ever saw were transplanted in this \v besides numerous others. But our present ar- No doubt the earth should be so com] rangements, however, with Nurseries in Europe, | about the roots as to leave no crevices for veri; are such, that there is no inducement for imposition j or air holes to dry up the roots ; but if the ■ . or error on their part and one point on lohich I lis wc]\ set in spring — not too deep — the ver; place great import is, that we obtain the same fruit first rain will make the earth sufficiently compac vm at least three, and often four and five sourcei ; ' about the roots for the benefit of the tree the trees of which exhibited by his correspond- and I further state to them invariably, that the | I confess I have not much experience in fal trees sent for are intended for a specimen orchard, l planting, and I cannot see in the above communi ents as sent by him at different times, are tvidebj distinct from each other. The writer seems to misunderstand another point. The two numbers of the Poraological Magazine, containing the fruits referred to, where published in February and 3Iay, 1829, and I have invariably admitted that no person could fail after receiving that work to distinguish the two fruits, even if he had been wrong before ; the one being a pale green, au- tumn pear, and the other a ycllov>fish winter one. In regard to the supposition that Nurseries are less correct than those of private cultivators, it certainly is not the case where the Establishments are properly regulated and it can be disproved by argiunent. Precision is most perfect where our interest and reputation depend on its existence. Almost the sole value of a Nursery consists in its character for accuracy, and no pi-oprietor of a Nursery who values its permanency, would ever be so silly as to commit an intentional error. Tliere aj-e, it is true, such numerous sources by which the proprietor may he himself deceived, and er- rors introduced, that the business, from its very nature, is subjected to more inaccuracies than per- haps any other, and therefore a greater degree of indulgence should be extended ; but nine tenths of the trumpery tales attributing inaccuracies to respectable Nursery Establishments, conducted with intellig^ence, exist merely in the imaginations of those who utter them. As to the extent of a Nursery, it forms no argument against its correct- ness ; the simple question is : — Is there a sufficient number of intelligent persons engaged in conduct- ing it? For were I to admit the writer's supjjo- sition, the garden of tlie London Horticultural Society would necessarily be more incorrect than any other, because it contains a greater variety of Fruit trees. In relation to the necessary accuracy of prop.agation, not one fruit tree in our whole Establishment is ever inoculated except under the eye of one of its proprietors. As to 'private culti- vators,' they have in general no particular interest at stake, and strive to be accurate no farther than suits their pleasure ; besides which, they com- monly have other occupations the greater portion of their time, (as 'Jl Cultivator,' himself has,) and it cannot therefore be expected that they will be as exact and precise as those who give the sub- ject/fteiV undivided attention; and I feel author- ized to say that well conducted Nurseries general- ly serve to correct the errors of private collec- tions. I perceive the person I am replying to, of- fers Trees and Vines for sale in your previous paper of the 15th inst, and 1 have no doubt he desires to be accurate ; but on that head I am such being in fact the situation allotted them, the originals never being sold. The fact is, no person who omits to visit our Establishment, can form a just idea of it ; and few are aware that above .$100,000 have been expended in its formation, and many thousands of it without any prospect or idea of remuneration ; and I have yet to learn the name of any other man who has spent as much as my father for Horticultural advancement, and the attainment of accuracjf. As for myself, I ask no plaudits ; and the tidy merit claimed is that of but partially reflecSng the great zeal which has animated my esteemed ftither through life, and which on his part has bftii accompanied with so much intelligence anAadibfij-- ality as to have gained for him the appellaijtoii \f a public benefactor. ': \ Very respectfully, WM. ROBERT PRINCE. Linnsean Botanic Garden, ) Oct. 23, J830. S FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. TRANSPLANTING TREES. Mr Fessendex — A writer in your paper, of the 15th inst. recommends the transplanting of most trees in the fiiU of the year, in preference to the spring. — His experience ought to have great weight in the scale, and I cannot say his recom- mendation should not be followed ; but the rea- son he gives in favor of fall planting are the very same which should induce us to prefer the spring. When trees are well set in spring the ground is light about the roots and there is no need of any process to make the earth ' become settled and com pact,' about them, for it generally becomes so quite too soon for the benefit of the tree. If ' the looseness of the earth for a considerable pe- riod retard the advance of vegetation, and ren- der the trees liable to much injury, thereby caus- ing many to entirely fail, ' then it should be our aim in all cases to render the ground settled and compact,' to promote vegetation. This we never attempt to do in other cases, but on the contrary wo dig about our trees to i)revent the ground's becoming 'tight and compact.' We plough our land first before planting that the ground may be light for the seed to vegetate. We sow also immediately after planting while the earth is light. When we transplant in spring we put old hay or straw about our trees to keep the eanh ' loose,' to prevent its becoming too compact about the roots, and to check the evaporation of moisture. I believe the practice, . '"S^ quantities of the following 'iL j.'i.^y''^^ trees for sale at their Nurseries at i^:^^ Flushing, near New York. ^^fc Spanish Chestnut, or Maron de «• % Lyon, 6 to 7 feet in height. Persian Walnut, or Madeira nut, 6 feet. Sweet sofl shell Almonds, 7 feet. »s, of 50 varieties, of bearing size. Jl^'j"*^^' \^™^^ adapted to this coun getable matter in a state of putrefaction. Carbonic . Thomas M. Smith, Veterinary Surgeon, and Mem as is the most common ; it is met with in clo apartments where charcoal has been burnt, at the bottom of large beer casks, in cellars where a large quantity of wine or liquors is in a state of fermentation, and in many natural caverns or cel- lars. When this vapor is thought to eiist, a light- ed candle should be let down ; and if there is a suflicient quantity of it to destroy life, the flame will be instantly extinguished. — When death is occasioned by lightning the whole frame is instan- taneously exhausted of its nervous power ; when from intense cold, it is invariably preceded by a strong disposition for sleep, which, if indulged, would be generally fatal. Extreme cold deprives the body of all its animal heat, exhausts it of sen- sibility of touch and gradually extinguishes life. Book of Health. of the London Veterinary Medical Society. Price $1 Published evcrv Friday, at g3 per annum, payable end of the year--biit those who pay within sixty days li^ time of subscribing, are entitled to a deduction of fill' [P= No paper will be sent to a distance without [<■: bein" made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts— by all descriptions of Printing can be executed to in- wishes of customers. Orders for printing received |'. Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. o- Market Street. agents. Neto York—G. Thokburn & Son, 67 Liberty-slrccl Philadelphia- V. & C. LANnRETH.SS Chcslnul-slrcf i Baltiviore-G. B. Smith, Office ofthe American Fain ^//wm/— Htm. Jesse Buel. Flnshinz, N. Y. Wm. Prince & SoNS,Prop. Li: /yuW/'ort/— Goodwin & Sons. Kewburyport, Ebenezer Stedman, Bookseller. Han/a.T.!i. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder Office. Montreal, L. C— A. Bowman, Bookseller. .Bol.Gaili NEW ENGL.AND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Acricultbral Warehouse.)— T. G. FESSENDE.N, EDITOR. VOL. IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1830. ^e ^ sa ai^ sf a >s A a 3 © sj 3(. NO. 17. Mk Fessesdejt. — Since my last communication, the Jnly number of Annates de la Societe D'Hoiticulture D' Paris, has been received. I have extracted such articles, appeared most valuable, which are enclosed. Truly your most obedient servant, H. A. S. DEARBORN. Klnl»v Place, Rolbury, ) Uclober 23, 1830. i EXTRACT NO. XXV. From the Annates D'HorticuUure. method of increasing the size of Fruits ; by M. Jaume Sai.vt-Hilaire. Amateurs of beautiful fruits, will doubtless read itU pli-asuie, the experiments made by M. Jaiime aiiit-Hilaire, for increasing the size of Pears, hich are described in a memoir, read by him, on e 5ili of November, 1829, before the Societe oyale et Ceutrale D'Agriculture. On examining the espalier pear trees, in the areery of the Luxembourg and in many other irdens, I have several times remarked, says the thor, and particularly during the month of Au- st last, that when a ])ear was accidentally siis- Ined by the trellis and wall, or was placed in the k of two branches, it was generally larger, n those ou the same tree, which were freely pended from the branches. I presumed that s difference was thus occasioned ; that when fruit attained a certain size, its wright con- •-ted the tubes and vessels of the peduncle des- •d to conduct the sap of the tree, and prevented cm obtaining a size equal to such as were sup- ted and consequently more favorably situated, receiving the nourishing juices. I was there- desirous of ascertaining, how far this hy- lesis would be confirmed by experiments, upon rent kinds of pears; M. Dalbert, an intelligent zealous gardener, aided me in making them, le department of fruit trees, in the Royal Gar- We first selected a young tree bearing a called the Duchesse D\iugouhme figured in ilF/ora et la Pomone Francaise (PI. LVI.) A ., situated near the middle of the tree, was, on 1116th of September, 9 inches and 4 lines in cir- 'erence ; it was left suspended from the branch. her pear situated Jower, was at the same time ihesand 10 lines in circumference. We placed r the latter a little shelf fixed upon a stake n into the ground, in such a manner that the was supported by it. The 30th of September ing, the two pears were gathered ; the first, h remained suspended, had increased but 2 and the second which was supported by the was 9 inches and 7 lines in circuinference ; gained 9 lines, which is considerable, for so a pear, and in fifteen days, may be objected, that the position of the pears the upper or lower branches, contributed to jse the size of one more than the other. selected two pears, called Beurre D'Arem- growing on the sani» branch and emanating the same fruit spur. On the 15th of Sep- r, one of them was 8 inches and 4 lines in inference, which was left suspended ; the was 8 inches and was supported by a The 7th of October following, both pears were gathered ; the first had increased but 2 lines ; the second was 8 inches and 8 lines in cir- cumference, having been enlarged 8 lines. It will be seen that the largest of the two pears was left sjispended and the smallest was supported. An experiment, the reverse of this was made. Upon a Chaptal pear tree, figured in the Flora et la Pom9ne Francaise (PI. XCIII,) two Avere se- lectefl,. which emanated from the same fruit spur: instead of placing the shelf under the smallest it was put under the largest, which, on the 15th of September, was 3 lines greater in circuinference, than the other. On the 15th of October, these two pears we,re gathered ; the largest was then 9 lines larger than the other, that is, it had increased 6 lines more. From these experiments, it is believed, if they were re,peated the following year, and commenced in .July. or Aug. a more marked difference and more satisfactory. results would be produced ; and my theory could be applied to other kinds of fruits, such as Quinces, Apples, Oranges, &c. EXTRACT NO. XXVI. A method . of making Camellias produce seed; by M. Laffay Fodrneir. The author says, that having seen Camellias filled with seeds, in a garden he remarked these plfints with more attention, and perceived, that the most of them had their branches mutilated and the ends broken off. In February following, Mr Laffay suppressed the wood buds, which accom- panied the flowers, on several of his camellias, in order to direct the sap into the floweis and nour- ish the seeds; the experiment was successfid, and has been repeated sihce with equally good fortune, particularly with Camellias cultivated in pots. EXTRACT NO XXVII. A method of accelerating the malxtrity of Melons. This consists in spreading under and around the melons, a bed of pulverized charcoal two in- ches deep. Lampodias, at Freiheng, attempted this experiment in 1813, and he succeeded in ripening melons in a box filled with earth and not covered during the cold summer of that year. The sur- face of the charcoal attained a temperature at noon of from 115 to 188 degrees, while elsewhere it was only from 85 to 88 degrees. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND TARMEK. GUANO. Dear Sir — I observed in the .Veui England Farmer of Sept. 3, page 54, an extract of a letter from the American Consul at Arequipa, Peru, ' relative to a kind of manure, called by the Span- iards, ^urrno.' Perhaps the following more par- ticular account of that substance, extracted from M. Von Humboldt's letter to M. Klaproth, may be interesting to those who have seen the above quota- tion.— Undoubtedly it is the ordure of sea-birds of the Pacific, which has been accumulating osecii?!* seculorum. All the Aborigines of Peru were of opinion, that this substance is birds-dung ; which was, however, doubted by many of the Spaniard.s. It is worth remarking that all the Guano-Islands ,and rocks are situated between the IStb and 21sl I degree of South latitude ; and yet the number of cormorants, flamingos, and cranes appears to bs equally considerable in the islands situated farther towards the north or south. In Asia large nui"^ zines are erected alongside the shore for the re- ception of the guano. If we consider that, ever since the twelfth, or at least the thirteenth cei>. tiiry, it has been customary in Peru to maimre with this substance ; that many millions of cubic feet have been strewed over the sandy jiarts of Peru (and indeed the po.ssibility of practising agriculture along the sea-coast depends entirely on this precious material); and farther, that the guano still continues to be furnished in large quan- tities, and that the experience of the present gen- eration appears to prove that those birds, on one of the islands, will scarcely produce a ship load of dung in a groat number of years ; if we con- sider all this, we cannot refrain from being aston- ished at the long series of centuries, or the vast number of birds, that must have been required to accumulate those inmiense strata of guano. Though we can no longer hesitate to consider also the guano as dung of birds, yet it may be asked, has it originated on the same islands where it is now found, or has it been accumulated there by some revolution of the earth .' Does jt point back to an era when the deluged _glol)e was pro- vided with a greater number of aquatic birds than at the j)r«seut. tiijo, in the same manner as the coal formation refers us back to a vastly luxuri- ant vegetation ? Or was the guano formed un- der circumstances perfectly similar to those now existing, and was nothing required to produce such immense stratification but a long succession of ages ? A long residence on the rocks and isl- ands of the Peruvian coast, and attentive observa- tion of the quantity of dung deposited at present by many thousand cormorants and flamingos in the space of one year, are the means which may, perhaps, at a future period, enable us to answer these questions. But it may he asked, what is to become of Peruvian agriculture, and what of the population of the coast, when the exhausted Guano islands shall no longer yield this manure? In the neighborhood of Arica, where the crop of pepper [Capsicum baccatum, bird-pepper,) is valued at from 3 to 400,000 dollars a year, each plant is manureil three times every season with guano, viz. at the periods of taking root, flower- ing, and producing the fruit. Under the government of the Incas, the guano was considered as an important object of political economy. It was prohibited, under pain of death, to destroy any of the birds on the Guano islands, each of which had its inspectors, and was divided into departments. From Arica to Chancay, a tract of 200 leagues in length, no other manure was made use of than guano. This great care accounts in some measure for the vast increase of the guano. But those wise regulations have long been abolished : at present the guano is dug for without regularity and at all seasons. In an account of the guano, given to Messrs Fourcroy, and Vauquelin, [to whom specimens were communicated] mention is made of a few other circumstances relative to that substanca. — 130 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Nov. 12, 1830. The guano, says Mr lliimhokll, is found not only in the Chinclie islands, near Piseo, but it exists also on the parts of the coast and its isles situated more in the South, at llo, Iza, and Ariea. The inhabitants of Chancay, who trade in this article, go to the Chinche islands, an|| return in twenty days. Each boat takes a cargo of from 1500 to 2000 cubic feet of guano The strata in which the guano is disposed are from fifty to sixty feet in tliickness, and they are worked in the same manner as the iron ochre mines. It is an excellent manure for the Indian corn or maize ; but if too much of it be applied tlie root is burnt and destroyed by it. When exposed to the fire the brownish yellow color of the guano is converted into black ; it gives out white fumes, and the smell of empy reumatic ammonia. Water dissolves part of it, becomes thereby of a reddish color, and adopts an acid taste. Potassia dissolves much more of it than water; the solution is of a deep brown color, and is produced nnder an abundant devel- opment of ammonia. The result of the chem- ical analysis, made by Fourcroy and Vauqueiin, is that the principal constituent part is concrete uric acid. SOLOMON DROWN, Foster, R.I. Oct. 9, 1830. TRANSPLANTING TREES. Mr Fessenden — As there has been considerable diversity of opinion exhibited with regard to trans planting fruif trees, I would recommend in order that Horticulturists may be satisfied which is th best time to remove and plant trees, to try the following mode with every kind of fruit trees cut. tivated in New England. In the autumn, any time after the frost lias bad a jMoper effect, take the trees up, carefully preserving the roots, lay them in with an inclination of about twentyfive to fo!"tyfive degrees in the coldest situation ; cover the roots and part of the stocks six to twelve in- ches deep ; during the severity of winter cover the tops with mats or any material to exclude the rays of the sim ; as spring advances throw some rubbish over the roots if necessary to retain the frost, until the ground becomes elsewhere warm and vegetation has commenced, when they may be transplanted. — By this mode of management no perceptible injury will be sustained in conse- quence of their removal — the trees will generally grow as vigorous as they would have done in their former situation. From experience I am satisfied this is decidedly the best way of transplanting trees. I refer with much satisfaction your readers to the reply of Elias Phinnet, Esq. to the Hon. Mr LowELf,, Chairman of the Committee for the Mass. Agr. Society as inserted in the New England Farmer vol. 6, page 122, for a successful experi- ment in the transplanting and management of Apple trees. JONA. WINSHIP. Briglilton, N'ov. 8. From 44.9 Concord, N. H. Slateman, Oct. 16. MERRIMACK AGRICULTURAL EXHIBI- TION. Wednesday and Thursday last were proud days for the farmers and home manufacturers of Merri- inack County, as manifested by the Cattle Show, and Exhibition of domestic products and manu- factures, then attended at Canterbury. The col- lection of members of the Societies assembled and the concourse of spectators was unusually miHierous — and the attention and hospitality of the people of the [ilace, highly gratifying. — The Agricultural Society met at the Town house on Wednesday morning, and, after the admission of members, and the filling up of the various Com- mittees proceeded, at 12 o'clock, in connexion with the Merrimack Temperance Society, to the Rev. Mr Patrick's Meeting house, where an ap- propriate Prayer was ofljered by Rev. Mr Scales, of Henniker, an eloquent Oration pronounced by the Hon. Philip Carrigain, of Epsom, on the subject of Agriculture and the Arts, followed by an able Address on Temperance from the Hon. John Vose, of Pembroke, and concluded by a per- tinent prayer from the Rev. Mr Conant, of North- field — the whole interspersed with music by a select choir. The Society thence proceeded to Capt. Brown's, at whose house a suitable dinner was provided — the choicest of Cider giving a zest to wholesome food— and two Songs, written for the occasion by inembers of the Society, clos- ing the table entertainment. In the afternoon, the respective Committees attended to the duties assigned them. The pens were well filled with cattle of all descriptions, and the out door show of noble animals was considered decidedly superior to any ever before witnessed in the County. Within doors the show was not less imposing. The hall for the display of Domestic Manufac- tures was not sufficiently commodious — but one could be well content to be elbowed and crowded, to have his eye regaled with the proud exhibition. Our limits compel us to be very brief in our no- tice at this time — a circumstance which we the less regret, as the Reports, soon to be i)ublished, will give a particular detail. We would barely observe that we have never, in this or an other County, witnessed so fine a display of articles of woollen manufacture generally, such as flannels, blankets and carpeting — and of many articles of cotton, and some of finer fabric. On Thursday morning the Society again met and attended to the reports from the various awarding committees. In the afternoon the choice of Officers was made for the ensuing year — the paying of Premiums attended to — and the whole closed by a well contested Ploughing Match. The inembers of the Society separated in good season for their respective homes, exult- ing in the reflection, that while other Agricultural Societies, much to our regret, arc dwindling and dying around us, our.s, in the heart of the Gran- ite State, still lives and prospers, going on from strength to strength. PREMIUMS. Col. James Cofran, Northfield, best farm, $5 and 1 year's subscription to the New England Farmer. Walter Harris, Jr. Dunbarton, next best 4 and 1 year's subscription to the New England Farmer. Samuel Chadwick, Boscawen, next best 3 and one year's subscription to the New England Farmer. J. M. Harper, Canterbury, next best 2 and one year's subscription to the New England Farmer. Wm. Gault, Concord, best kitchen garden 1 and one year's subscription to the New England Farmer, Thomas Ames, Canterbury, next best one year's subscription to the New England Farmer. Jeremiah Pecker, Concord, best Corn 1 and one year's subscription to the New England Farmer. Thomas Ames, Canterbury, next best 2 and one year's subscription to the New England Farmer. do do, best Wheat 3,00 J. Pecker, next best do 2,00 do best Potatoes 3,00 T. Ame.s, next best 2,00 J. Pecker, best Oats 2,00 John West, best field of grass 3,0C and one year's subscriiition to the New England Farmer. Ehenezer Dustin, Hopkinton, general improve- ment on farm one year's subscription to the New England Farmer. E. Lund, do for corn and improvement in mak ing compost majiure. New England Farmer Richard Greenough, Canterbury, best working O.ven 3,0' Laban Morrill, do next best do 2,0 J. Pecker, Concord, on working Oxen 2,0 Isaac Virgin, do do 2,0 B. C. Swasey, Canterbury, do 2,0 Ricjiard Greenough, best 3 year's old Steers 2,0 Benjamin Simpson, Boscawen, next best do 1,0 David Morrill, Canterbury, best 2 years old Steers 2,( Reuben Johnson, Boscawen, next best do 1,( Benjamin Simpson, on 2 years old Steers Moses Coffin, on do Richard Greenough, on do Orlando Brown, Concord, 4 best yearlings 2,( OIney Thompson, Pittsfield, best Bull 4,i James Greenough, Canterbury, next do 3,' Simon Green, Pittsfield, best bull Calf 2, A. Burhank, Boscawen, next best do 1, Richard Greenough, best Cow 4, David Morrill, next best do 3. E. Chickering, Concord, next do 2, Dr Enos Hoit, Northfield, on do 2. Charles Glidden, do 1 year's subscription to i New England Farmer. David Morrill, best 3 years old heifer 2.' Richard Greenough, next best 1, Charles Glidden, best 2 years old heifer 2. Richard Greenough, next best I, Rufus Wilkins, Concord, best Stud horse 5. D. K. Foster, Chichester, next best 3. John Kilbourn, Boscawen, best Mare and Colt Isaac Virgin, Concord, next best do Sibley and Barnard, Hopkinton, best Saxo- ny and Merino bucks do do next best do Dr E. Iloit for a fine buck Sibley and Barnard, 10 best Ewes Richard Greenougli, next best do Ehenezer Morrison, Northfield, best Boar T. Ames, best Sow and Pigs Richard Greenough, be.-^t fulled Cloth Joshua Darling, Henniker, next best Joseph Gerrish, (^'anterbury, for Cassiraen Samuel Cliadwick, Boscawen, on do Mrs Porter Blancl'ard, Concord, best flow Carpeting Mrs John Head, llookset, next best do Mrs S. C. Bartlett, Salisbury, on do Miss Myra Moore, Loudon, do Stephen Sibley, best Flannel Joshua Darling, next best do best pair Blankets Abram Brown, Hopkinton, next best J. M. Harper, on blanket tjl iiii Ik li'li Vir:i, «fe Vol. IX.— No. V, AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 131 1,00 1,00 1,00 Thomas Potic, Concord, on flniincl Jlr.< Kicliaril Bradley, do, on do Mrs David MorrdI, Jr, Canterbury, on do Mrs Joseph Uqrnard, Ilopkiuton, 2 best prs woollen Hose Stephen Sibley, next best do Miss Lucy-Jane CofSn, Boscavven, best pr. Silk Hose Miss L. Bliss, do next best do Mrs Jona. Wood, Loudon, 1 pr. linen hose 1,00 Miss Eliza I'everly, Canterbury, best wool Coverlet Miss Ascenath Mason, do next best do Walter Harris, Jr, Diinbarton, best cotton and wool do Miss Sarah Davis, host Counterpane Hon. Joseph M. Haki'ER, Canterbury, Pres't, Maj. TiMO. Cha.ndler, Concord, F. Pres't, Robert M. Wallace, Esq. Henniker ; Charles I Glidden, Esf|. Northficid; Jonathan Eastman, 1,00 ji'- Esq. Concord; Samuel C. Bartlett, Esq. Sal- 50 isbury ; Col. Warren Story, Dunbarton ; Harris- 1 on G. Harris, Esq. Warner, Directors. Samuel Coffin, Esq. Concord, Secrelary. 2,00 1,00 1 • — To add to the interest of the above Exhibition at Canterbury, Mr William Gault, of Concord, in 2,00 addition to his mammoth cucumbers before notic- 1,00 *-"'') presented six other varieties, of the cucumber — viz. Long Green Turkey, Long Orange Turkey, 2,00 long prickly, short prickly, early cluster and early 1,.50' Russia, from more than 500 of which that were Miss Eliza Brown, Loudon, next best do 1,00 I I'ipe and handsome, we understand he has already Miss Abigail Calef, Pembroke, for Straw Bonnet 1,00 A. P. Stinson, Concord, best boots & shoes 1,00 Ebenezer Morrison, Northfield, four fine perimens of Leather 4,00 Ruel Walker, Loudon, on leather No. 7 1,00 Isaac Eastman, Concord, best breaking p plough 2,00 do do, best seedplough 1,00 Nathan Emery, Canterbury, on |)lough 1,00 A. P. Stinson, best specimen Blacksmith ork 4,00 T. Ames, next best do 50 Enoch Gerrish, Boscawen, best Cheese 2,00 Charles Glidden, next best do 1,00 John Kilbouru, best Butter 2,00 Laban Morrill, next best do 1,00 Miss L. Bliss, best specimen of Needle 0* 1,50 Miss Charlotte Eaton, next best do 1,00 Miss Annette Eastman, Concord, Lace Veil 75 Miss L. Stinson, do 50 Miss Lucy Pettingill, Salisbury, do 50 Samuel Moore, Loudon, best Rob Roy 1,50 'Mrs Elizabeth Morrill, Concord, jiext best 1 on each 2,00 )J. A. Potter, Concord, for his improvement in ! fine arts, and particularly for his excellent eness of Cafit. John Eastman, of Concord 2,00 ^ D. Lorroduced; the workni»n»ltip was well executed, and it did not appear com))!!- cated or likely to get out of order ; but in the opin- ion of the Committee, w.as calcidated for large es- tablishments, and too co-tly for general use — and they do not award a premiuiti. Joseph Hutchiii^on of Dorchester, entered a Dash Churn for |)remium, but it did not appear to the Commite9'to be any improvement oti the common churivin general use, and do not award (I premium. Daniel Chandler of Lexington, County of Mid- dlesex, entered for premium a double harrow, and produced a certificate of its having been used and approved for harrowing among trees, on rocky and uneven ground, and ojjerating in sharp hollows or valleys, when the two sides would rise, and per- mit all the teeth to come in contact with the earth ; the workmanship was good ; it was made in the common Heater shape, in two parts divided loutd- tudinally, and hung with two strong hinges in the centre, for the purpose of turiung up one half and placing it on the other, by which means it is made fit to pass in narrow places, between tree.s, stumps, ^and rocks, — Whfen turned up or doubled over, one half the teeth are not in use. The Committee either side of the harrow — raise or depress either end, and make the whole harrow bear on small vmeven spots of earth, light it up if the teeth came in contact with a root or fast stone, and gen- erally give a smoother and better pulverized sur- face to a field. In harrowing in seed the advantage of handles must be obvious to every farmer that makes use of them, or that sees them used ; the double harrow has been in ui^e in England for many years; hardly a book on Agricultural imple- ments, but what contains plates of them, not i)re- cisely of the shape of Mr Chandler's harrow, not however varying materially. It can be used the two harrows together, or separate ; and when sep- arated, being lighter, make two teams — they are readily put together and as readily detached. Therefore the Committee do not award a premi- Tlie preceding entries were all made in season, agreeably to the rules of the Society, and a list con- taining those entries only, handed the Committee by the Secretary, at the time of their meeting on the 19th, to make the examination. The next day the Committee found other articles had been entered and placed in the Society's rooms on that day, viz. — a Washing Machine, by Mr Shepherd of Watertown ; three ploughs, by Mr Prouty, of Hanover, county of Plymouth, who appears to be only the manufactm-er of the iron work ; his cer- tificate, which has many respectable signatures, mentioning its having been used and approved, has in the printed caption, Hitchcock's Patent Ploughs, manufactured by D. Prouty ; no application by the Inventor, so that no question as to premium could have arisen, as regards this entry. A double plough, with two moulds of iron and two shares, two sharp lips behind, on bottom of moulds, said to be made for ploughing between corn, but no person appeared to explain to the Committee. Messrs Nourse &; Co. of Sherburne, introduced four ploughs, but the Committee could not per- ceive any new itiiprovements in their construction ; their certificates stated they had been used and highly approved. Dr Andrew Nichols, of Danvers, county of Es- sex, ])resented two cast iron harrow teeth, of a new form, differing from any harrow teefh in connnon use. In a letter to the Trustees, of the 19th, he gives a particular description of these teeth ; the superiority over any other in use, with a certificate from a person that had used a harrow with his cast iron teeth, and ni)proved of it highly. The Committee will request tlie Tru.stees to ])ub- lish Dr Nichols' letter to them, in the New Eng- land Farmer, and to cause one of his harrow teeth to be deposited iii the Agricultural Warehouse, under the same roof of the New England Farmer Olfice, for public inspection ; but perhaps it may lie well for the Committee to observe that the en- try made by Dr Nichols, for premimn, is for his improved harrow teeth, o{ cast iron. The di>tnnce of most farmers from iron Foimdrie^, the dilTi- culty of renewing the teeth when broken, the loss of time in replacing them, and the probable c.t- pense that would attach, would have pre vented the Committee from awarding a pre mium, had the regulation prescribed for mak- ing the entry, been strictly complied with, Al which is submitted by GORHAM PARSONS, ) DANIEL TREADWELL, \ Committee. DAVID MOODY. j Brighton, October 20, 1830. The fiillowing is Doct. Nichols' letter allu, to above. To the Trustees of the Mass. Agricultural Society. GfiNTLiiMEN — Believing that the Harrow mi^ . be j^-eatly improved without any increase of ex |)ense, I last spring formed a model, and had a set of teeth cast at the Danvers Foundry which were immediately set in a fratne and put in us* on my farm in Middleton. They fully answeret my expectations in everything but strength, beinj cast of hard brittle iron and too slender in that par where the greatest strength is required, to wit, tbi part nearest the stock which is not supported b; it. Several of them were broken among larg« roots and fixed rocks. I then altered the mode and had teeth cast of softer and stronger iron (Scotch iron) such as are herewith exhibited, non of these have been broken. The projection fron behind the point of the tooth is designed to re ceive a brace should the strength prove insufitcieu without one. I have not however found it ne cessary to brace the teeth of my harrow. Th notch near the top is designed to secure the toot in the frame by a pin which together with a wedg driven in behind, filling the trough of the toot readily secures it, and at the same time leaves in a situation to be easily taken out and set in smaller frame for harrowing among corn, & \Vith the form exhibited I am well satisfied, h lieving it combines a good degree of siren:. with a saving of metal. But very possibly it n still be im|)roved, and as no patent will be tai, out for it, every farmer will be at liberty to ha' it formed to suit himself. Each tooth at sevi cents per pound costs about 30 cents — eai tooth moves five inches of earth. Eleven tpi forms my harrow, which moves and piilveriz very completely a strij) of land .5-5 inches wii; $3,30 the cost of the teeth, which is I tliii much less than the cost of the common teetli I a harrow of this size. I think it not extravagant to say that with ll same ox or horse power most tillage land m; be benefited twice as mucli as it can be by tl use of the common harrow in the same time, ;r that should even one tooth on an average broken daily, it would ." ,,,mg let er to the editor of the New En- I advantage for a dairy, great attention m scalding '^ '"^^ - = and purifying every vessel and article used, as U,k"iu ^ . wesi iSpriDgfidd, November 2, 1830. r„flh 'ihow at Mrthampton.— On the 27th ult. well as great care, that the cream be not kept 1°° I (;. Fessenden, Esci the at ve saVof e hLp;^^ Hu„,pden an.l long, and that no bntternnlk -nuun, wouU add ^^^^ ^^^_^ ^^^^^ ^^.^ ^^^ p„^ .„,„ ,, , ^ Frank la Agrfcultural Society was celebrated in many thousand dollars of mconje '« ^ "de^^^^ ^^^ Springfield, a sn.all box contaunng 8 or ^T 7 .7.1 ati'l increase the consumption by gratifying the |,^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ . ^^^ ^^^^^^. „^„,„ j,j„„ the Tle'Hamp^hire Gazette asserts that 'the ex- taste a"d pron.oting the health of the pur^^^^^^^ ^,,^ ^^.,„„3 ,,„.„ ,ent to me by Col hib^ti^nwrso, the whole inferior to former e^- Much credit is due to Mr Benus, ot W^le.t^wn, ^ ^ late of Germantown, Pa and S tic s though in some particulars there was an for his exhibition of a jar of Butter ™-de in the ^ _^_^___^^^^ ^^ j,^,,,,,.^^^ f^.„,„ ,^,, g^atc. e Sr improvemem.' The Hon. S. C. Allen of summer of 1829, perfectly sweet, and of good I ^^ ,J^^^^^^^ ^_^^ ^,^^^ .^ ^^^^ ^ „,,;,, fruit-that it Northfield delivered the address. This is said to flavor. I •■ ^ .<■-. <•■■— o„.i ,l,„, h« bad L'lven it ha be ?i at;:! production. The collection The prenuums oii old Cheese are awarded- of people, especially of the younger portion of the iThe 1st to E isIki Matthews, $10 community was very great. The manufactures The 2d to Job Ranger, are highly spoken of by the Editor of the Green- On new Cheese, aie jiig y y J. , f 1.1. .„ The 1st to Hooper Holland, »i" The 2d to Samuel Denny, ^5 All the Cheese offered was, with two exceptions, from New Braintree and Barre, and from those excellent grazing townships we are almost always field Gazette. Among them were a piece of blue cloth, which took the first iiremium ; several pieces of excellent flannels, and some rose blank- ets ; do. of stair carpeting ; a cloth floor carpet wrought in colors with the needle, by Miss Esther wi-niin-ht n CO ors with the needle, ny iviiss t,»uici caucuch g.i.^...j, ,- <•,!.„,„ down of milk-weed attracted particular attention Cutlery manufactured by Mr E. S. Phelps, and Messrs Fowle and Kirkham, of Northampton, was highly commended. Spiral springs for fast- ening doors and windows were exhibited, which were well calculated for their object. There were also fine butter, a few skeins of excellent sowing silk, made by Mrs Shaw, of Belchertown, and four or five pounds of raw silk, raised and reeled by Mrs Starkweather, of Nortljampton. This silk was wound on an Italian reel, said to be greatly preferable to any other. ' The manufactured articles generally were pro- nounced to be of a quality superior to those usually exhibited on such occasions,' although they were not so numerous. were certainly very good, but not of such uncom- mon excellence as to deserve higher commenda- tion than receiving the premiums. The sage Cheese of Capt. David Lee, offered only for exhibition, was very excellent of its kind. Respectfully submitted, BENJ. GUILD, J. C. GRAY, I. THORNDIKE, Jr. < Committee. I. P. DAVIS, BENJ. POLLARD. He informed me that it was a native fruit— that it originated on his farm, and that he had given it the%ibove name. He spoke of the pear as ex- celling almost all others in his estimation, and of the tree as a good bearer. ' I esteem it as a very valuable fruit, and have considered it a great accession to my assortment, which is small, the more so, as it was wholly un- known to any person here, who has seen or tasted it It may not be a new kind to the members ot llie Society, but if it should be, and any person sliouUl wish for scions, it will give me pleasure to furnish them, at the proper season, to the extent of my means. . The fruit which 1 have sent you, is a fair sam- ple—not a selection of the largest pears, butajust average of the whole produce. It is not so large this season as common— indeed the season has proved unfavorable with me for all kinds of pears. I am, tery respectfully. Your friend and servant, Samuel Lathrop. The Committee on Butter, Cheese, and Cider, at the Brighton Show, respectfully report— That the only articles ofl'ered to them for pre miums were Bmter and Cheese— that of the sev- eral entries, more than one half would not be con- sidered Butter of uncommon excellence, either in flavor, the perfectness with which it was made, or the neatness with which it was piit up ; it might be termed very good butter, and a fair sample of what the owners send weekly to market ; a few It should be borne in mind for the credit of those to whom premiums have been given, that as most of the Butter entered for premium at Brigh- ton, is afterwards sent to Boston market, and sold as Brighton Butter, purchasers are apt to think Brighton and premium one and the same, though they are by no means convertible terms MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Saturday, November G, 1830 R U I 1 The Committee have carefully examined the fruit and have identified it to their satisfaction as the Holland Green, No. 26, of Cox, to wbo.e de- scription Mr Lathrop is referred. Col. Forrest >usthave been mistaken in its bemg a seed mg, . have sent scions of the Holland Green for those of the 'Bagpipe.' The Holland Green has been produced for several years by one of the Com- mittee. In all seasons it has been bad ; he there- fore came to the conclusion that it was tin fit for our climate, and regrafted his trees, as did others who had raised the same fruit. The pears sent ^m,ks.— From Mr John Perry, of Sherburne, j ^^ ^^^^ ^^^.^^^. ,,y jj,. L,ubrop, were ot fine flavor; a native apple of good quality. From E. Phinney, I ^^^^ .^^ ^j^^ ^;,^„„ g„-^^ of Springfield, and in New Esq. Baldwin apples, from his premium orchard ; j Yo,.k and Pennsylvania, it is no doubt a very de- ' " ' ■ tlie largest apple ■,, f,.„:, " - - . ! sirable iiuii. „,. From Mr Otis Pettee, of Newton, Hyslop Chnir very fine and of large size , What the owners sena wee..j .o .i.a.„.., . .... weighed 16 oz., and 6 weighed 5 lbs. t^'om Col boxes of excellent flavor, pure, hard, and clean in Jaques, of Charlestown, ilubbardston Nonsuch p^^^^^es. -ipneann e and packed with .reat nicety and this excellent apple is stated to be a naive of, ^ .„,,o„ ^as also exhibited, which was tak " ' ' lu.,1.1 A^,^,, Pmm J. R. Russell, a very pleasant I ^ i,„ v:.,o care. The 1st preniiiun, is awarded to Michael Ci of Bedford, 2d do to Nahum Hardy, Waltham, §10 3J ao to Luther Cham- berlain, of Westborough, S''' 4th ,lo to Adam Fay, $5 The Committee would be very happy (if occa- sion were given) to congratulate the community on the improvements in the art of making Butter f and this excellent apple is stated to be a native ot ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ exhibited, which was laKen Hubbardston. From J. B. Russell, a very pleasant ^^,^^^^ ^j^^ yj,^^ ;„ gp^jn early in September. Ihe ro=by, flavored apple, cultivated extensively in ^e^^f^^^.^y ^y^s good, ami the seeds were d.stnbutea $15 Cambridge, and called the 'Coney Apple.' From . ^^.u^^tion. ROBERT MANNING. ney Apple John Prince, Esq. Royal Apples, (good.) From S. Downer, Esq. Natural apples ; small, handsome, and said to be very prolific. From George C. Eaton, ' Russet Sweetings,' very fair, keep late, and said to have been raised from seed in Peters- ham, Mass. . Pmcs.— From John Prince, Esq. Beurr6 d Roi, Spanish Bon Chretien, and Winter Auchan. The on the improvements in iiie art oi riiaKuig jjuiti,. in|jai.i=ii x^>^.. v^. , _-.- and Cheese, but in truth for the last few ye»rs. Committee had doubts about the co'-re^t".^^^ "^ the Cheese has been rarelv capable of sustaining I the last name, on the ground that the iriiit was a premium, and the Butter of no remarkable or much better than the descnption of Pomologica uncommon excellence; nothing better than what authors would indicate. 1- rom Jeremiah Colman, POTATO ONIONS. This curious variety of the onion is very early and mild. They should be planted in common dry situations, in the autumn,_covered over abou uvo inches deep in gaulens. The small ones should be planted out 4 inches apart-the large ones 12 to 14. They are generally ripe about the 10th of July, and yield eight to ten fold It is stated that there were in Boston 0"^Molwi uncom"m"on excellence ; nothing better than what ; authors would indicate. From Jeremian ».o,mau, day, 18 ships 6 barks, 86 b'^S^ lj;2 sc loone^^ eveiTftrm in the common weaUh might and ought Esq. of Ncwburyport, Pears, names unknown, and 58 .^loopMotal, 330 , to produce, and where there is, as in many places ' From E. Phinney, Esq. Doyenne G-'S fi.in im- „,ore fishmgciaft^_ __ there may be, a well constructed dairy room, pur- ported Tree. From Doct. S. A. .^l^""'^"' * '^■'°"- ^^ j^^„ Reid, of Halifax, Vt. took from fig ified by a running stream, stock selected for rich leuse, (Poire d'Glace) not in eating. F'"'" S- GK Mr J ,^ ^^^^^^^ _ ^^^ ^23, 2d, 425, SJ^j milk, sweet pastures, clean and thorough milker^ Perkins, Esq. Doyenne d'Hyver, a gofld fruit »"d ] hi 1. 172-total, 1049. and makers, butter loight be offered, far surpassing worthy of cultivation ; for description see Bon 21b, 4ti , , Vol. IX.— r-fo. If. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 13^ To CoRRESBONDENTs. — We liivc received the Ad- dress receiilly delivered betore the Soulh Carohna Agri- cultural Society, by J.\me5 Cuthbert: alsoone deliv- ered before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, by Mr Cook; — and that before the Albany Horticultuval ."Society, by Doct, Heck — extracts from each of which nil! appear in the Nov England Farmer as soon as our columns will admit. Several coniinunications are on lile, snd will soon appear. Sheep for Sate, On hand and for sale 2000 line wooUed sheep of vari- ous grades from half to full blooded Merinos. Among them are about 500 Wethers and fat Ewes. 1250 Stock Ewes, (a desirable lot for persons wishing to obtain a :Sock,) and 250 lambs. The above will be sold on ac- commoJatiug terms and in lots to suit purchasers on ap- plication to the subscriber in Cummington, Hampshire County, Mass. , CYRUS FORD. Cummington, JVov. 4, 1830. 3t. Pear Seedlings. For sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street — 20,00P Pear Seedlings, in fine order for Nurseries — Taised within six miles of Boston — at from 5 to .f 10 per thousand, according to their size, &.c. They will he suit- ably paclied, as wanted, for transportation to any distance. Catawba Grape Vines. THE GENUINE SORT. For sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market-street— 50 Vines of the true Catawba Grape, onn year old, price 75 cts. each. This is one of the best native, table' or wine Grapes cultivated ; the bunches large' with shoulders, very thickly set, with large berries of a pale red or lilac color, and in some situations covered with a beautiful bloom, giving them a blueish purple appearance They have a slight musky t,aste, and delicate flavor They have a thin skin, very little pulp, are perfectly har- dy, and surpass most of the native grapes that have been exhibited atlhe Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, the two past seasons. The pulp diminishes and almost disappears when they are left on the vine till they attain to perfect maturity. The vines are great bearers : one vine in Mrs Schell's garden, in Clarksburg, Mary- land, has produced eight bushels of grapes in one season —and eleven younger vines in the garden of Joshua John- son, Esf]. of the same State, have produced in one season thirty bushels of fruit. A particular history sind descrip- tion of this fine grape will be found in Prince's new Treatise on the Vine, just published. There can be no mistake with regard to the identity of the above vines, as Grape Vines. The Subscriber offers for sale at his Garden, the follow- ing Grape Vines. Black Hamburg, ) Black Cape, ( ters. \ Black Frankenilaldt, Fruit. Esperione, I Isabella, < Grizzly Muscat, Muscat of Alexandria, Red Frontinac, White Frontinac, Red Chasselas, White Corinthian, Purple Muscat, Red Constantia, Golden Chasselas &c, Bar Sur Aube, Parsley leaved, or Cioutat, Early Oval, Tu ir: Thomcry Vines. These Vines are from one to four years old, with fine roots and fit for planting immediately. The black Ham- burg, Muscat of Alexandria, and the Corinthian, were sent to the subscriber by Sir Joseph Banks, from Kew Gardens, and are known to be genuine, the "original plants having all borne fiuit for nrany years. The fine Black Hamburgs from Mr Breed's Vinery, which were so much admired at the Horticultural dinner this season, were Durham Short Horns. For sale, several of the pure breed, descendants of the ■ celebrated animals presented by Ad.miral Sir Isaac 'Coffin, to the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. The pedigree of these animals can be given as far back as Hubbach, -who was calved in 1777, till is reputed the foundation of this much admired stock. \l-.,>, several Heifers bred from the same, of various 2:r,nles, fi'om half up to seven eighths blooded animals. For particulars, inquire of E. HerseT Derby, Salem. S'llem, October. 1830. Seeds for Country Dealers. Traders m the connlry who may wish to keep an assort- iK/nt of Gai\len Seeds for sale, are informed they can be u):li^Il^d, at J. B. Russell's Seed Store, connected villi ihe New England Farmer, 52 North Market Street, ; Inn, wilh 111 ses of various sizes and prices, from 10 to . containing a complete assortment of the seeds , used in a kitchen gai-den, on as favorable terms as '-an be procured in this country, of equal quality, ' iiiy done up in small packages, ready for retailing, tcii/i h rt Jirectiois on caeh package for its culture and :>'!in'icnicnt — warranted to be of the growth of 1830, 11.1 of the purest quality. Nov. 5. Kcnrick JViirserics in jYewton, near Boston. For sale atthe Kenrick Nurseries in Newton, an extensive assortment of Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, Nectarines, Mulberries, Quinces, Raspber- ries, Grape Vines, Gooseberry and Currant and ten finestvarietiesof Strawberries, including silniot's Superb, Genuine Keen's Seedling, do. \l"''"" faithful woman, will meet with kind treatment md good wages. Apply at this otfice. Nov. 5. Grape Vims. The subscriber has for sale at his garden in Dorchester, the choicest variety of Grape Vines ever offered for sale in this vicinity. Many of them are now in fruit, and purchasers are invited to call and make a selection. The following compose a part of the variety. Black Hamburg Black Cape, White Muscadine, Golden Muscat, Gore's, (a beautiful Black Grape) Caroline. Napoleon, While Chasselas, Golden Chasselas, Red Chasselas, Black Constantia, Bland, Ferrol. 8 varieties of superior fruit from Xeres and Malaga. 400 two years old Isabellas. 1400 one " " " 200 Catawba, or what has heretofore been considered the Bland. It is now satisfactorily ascertained that the Bland grape will not ripen in this climate, in the open ground. Orders by mail, addressed to the Subscriber, or person Boston, Sept. 27, 1830. 5t ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr. Bulbous Roots. _ Just received at the Seed stoie connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A good collection of Lily Roots, viz.— the Tiger, (spot- ted) Martagon, (spotted) Orange, and White Lilies. These make a fine appearance in the borders of gardens. They are hardy and durable. These plants have bulbous roots, and should be planted in rich soil, four inches deep, measuring from the top of the bulb. The small roots be- low the bulb, are perennial. Martagon Lilies grow from five to seven feet high, and produce from fifteen to twenty- five very delicate flowers on a stalk. The White Lily grows to the height of three to four feel, and produces large, white, fragrant flowers. The whole are easily cultivated, and are well calculated to beautify a border. " Treatise on Bees. Just received and for sale atthe Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A further supply of a Practical Treatise on the Manage- ment of Bees; and the Establishment of Apiaries, with the best method of destroying and preventing the depre- dations of the Bee Moth. By James Thacher, M. D. Price 75 cents. Brighton Market — Monday, JVov. 8. [Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot.] At Market this day 4246 Cattle, 4140 Sheep, and 776 Swine. Prices— Beef Cattle— From .$3,25 to 4,37i ; we noticed a few taken at .$4,50. Barrelling Cattle- for Mess. $3,.50, No. I . .$3 a 3,08, No. 2, $2.66 a 2,75. Sheep.— We noticed a few lots only— one tot for $1,95, one for l,37i, one for I,.50, one for 1,75. and one for 2,18 a/eu) cosset wethers were taken for .$5,50. Sttime.— We noticed one entire lot o( 250 at SJc ; one lot of 150 Sows and Barrows, at 4c ; one of 50 large Barrows, at 4ic; one of 36 selected Barrows, Shoats, at 43c ; one of 20 selected Sows, Shoats, at 3|c— at retail, 4 J for Sows, 5c for Barrows. 13G NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Nov. 12, 1820. MISCELLANIES The following beautilul lines, by N. P. Willis, illus- trate the most interesting engraving in the Youth's Keepsake for 1831. We have never seen a better Juve- nile annual than this volume. — Mass. Jour, and Trib. TIRED OF PLAY. Tired of play ! Tired of play ! What hast thou done this live long day ? The birds are hushed, and so is the bee. The sun is creeping up steeple and tree, The doves have flown to the sheltering eaves, And tlie nesls are dark with the drooping leaves- Twilight gathers and day is done — How hast thou spent it, beautiful one 1 Playing ? But what hast thou done beside, To tell thy mother at eventide 1 What promise of morn is left unbroken ? What kind word to thy playmates spoken ? Wliom hast thou pitied, and whom forgiven ? How with thy faults has duty striven ? What hast tliou learned by field and hill — By greenwood path and by singing rill ? There will come an eve to a longer day, That will find ihee tired— but not of play ! When thou wilt lean as thou leanest now, Willi drooping limits and aching brow, And wish the shadows would faster creep. And long to go to thy quiet sleep. Well were it then if thine aching brow. Were as free from sin and shame as now — Well for thee iftliy lip could tell A tale like this of a day spent well. If thine open hand hath relieved distress — If thy pilv liath sprung to wretchedness — If thou hast forgiven the sore offence, And humbled thy heart with penitence — If Nature's voices have spoken to thee With their holy meaning eloquently— If every creature hatli won thy love, From the creeping worm to the brooding dove. And never a sad, low-spoken word Hath plead with thy human heart unheard- Then, when the night steals on as no"', It will bring relief to thine aching brow, And with joy and peace at thellioughtof rest, Tliou wilt sink to sleep on thy mother's breast. According to his own account of himself, he was born in New Jersey, in the year 1728. He is in height a- bout five feet six nches. His muscular frame and strength of constitution, seem to have defied the decay of years, or hardships and butfetings of a backwoods life. — The scientific and curious have examined the conforma- tion of this singular being so far as practicable, and they represent liis ribs, unlike those of his fellow mortals, se- parate and distinct, but as united together, torming on each side a solid sheet of bone ; in short, that the vital part is safely deposited in a ' strong box,' defying all at- tacks of foes from without. At the age of 96, he was in the enjoyment of entire health ; his teeth all sound, his weight about 160, and his mus-ular strength truly astonishing. He never shook hands with an athletic inan, but he gave him such a grip that he was fain to beg for mercy. At that advanced age, he could perform more labour than ordinary men could in the prime of life. His neighbors mention as a proof not only of his good constitution, but of his undimin- ished activity, that at his advanced age, he would leap from the ground, and crack his feet together, with the ility of a boy of sixteen. Some 5 or 6 years since, he removed to Indiana, there to build himself a new habitation, plant a new colony, and b'?come the father of a new race. He is now living near Versailles, Ripley county, Indiana, with his sixth wife, and has two children of the new stock. — Baltimore Farmer. Go-BeUiieens. — There is perhaps not a more odious character in the world than that of a go-between — by which I mean that creature who carries to the ears of one neighbour every injurious observation that happens to drop from the mouth of another. Such a person is the slanderer's herald, and is altogether more odious than the slanderer himself. By his vile officiousness, he makes that poison eiTeclive, which else were inert ; for three- fourths of the slanders in the world would never injure their object, except by the malice of go-betweens, who, under the mask of double friendship, act the part of double traitors. ' Willingly,' said tlie merry host. — 'Wearyoiir goggles over your inoiitli ; wash your eyes in bian- tly — and I'll warrant a cure,' — A*. Y. Cons. Jl Transparent ivatch. — A watch has beeu presented to the .Academy of Sciences at Paris, constructed of very peculiar materials, the parts being principally formed of rock crystal. It was made by M. Rebellier, and is small in size. The internal works are all visible ; the two teeth- ed wheels which carry the liands, are rock crystal ; the other wheels are of metal, to prevent accidents from the breaking of the springs. All the screws are fixed in crys- tal, an 1 all the axes turn on rubies. The escapement is of sapphire, the balance wheel of rock crystal, and its spring of gold. The regularity ol this watch as a time keeper, i, I have been led to doubt the theory of the des- ltfagrno/("ff— This is one of the most admired spe- truction of the old pear trees, by the insect, as sties of its class, and will flower freely at thej s,atcd by Dr Fiske, and Gov. Lincoln, and as yet -«ight of two feet, and continue to do so until it consider the insects only as the attendants of dead i)rms a tree of considerable size. It is highly in- \vood • for Bresting from being the only species with flowers i igj Seedlings grafted on seedlings are not in- If this color ; and the more so, from its producing f^cted as far as I can learn. leni twice iu each season; once in May, and < 2d'. Seedlings on old stocks are subject to the ;ain in August, whence it has obtained the title disease, as I have two instances before me. "Twice Flowering Magnolia.' It is perfectly' i 3^ !„ ,,0 instance have I found the worm in irdy, and will withstand the winters of the State a fresh diseased tree in the wood, nor in the green Linnxan Botanif* Garden, i November 1, 1830. S FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Mr Fessenden — The following observations are contained in a letter received from a very in- telligent amateur Horticulturist, in New York, which I have no doubt you will think with me, merit an insertion in the New England Farmer The writer has given the subject much attention, and is eminently qualified to pronounce an opinion upon any and all matters appertaining to this branch of national industry. DORCHESTER. Destruction of Pear Trees, &c. ^ Maine. Alngio/'fl Ohovafa, or Chinese Purple Flowering fagnolia. — This is esteemed for the uncommon I chness and beauty of its flower, which, in the 3use are produced in Marcli. They are bell liaped, of a delicate violet pmple outside, and jihite within, /roni which circumstance it is some- aes called the ' Two Colored Magnolia.' It sup- lorts our winters unprotected in the vicinity of l-ew York, and perhaps may do so farther north. sometimes produces flowers a second time in I month of August. bark. . ' 4th. That in some cases the centre of the wood appears to have begun its decay. ' 5th. That the decay of the bark begins in the lower part of the limb, or trunk, but the decay of the leaves commonly at the end of the branch, and the leaves are frequently dead, while the bark is still fresh several feet below. ' 6tli. That cutting oft' the diseased limbs appears only to have the effect of severe lopping, in the ordinary diseases of trees, to strengthen a few vig orous linibs ; but this relief is here partial. I Magnolia Conspicm— Chandelier Magnolia, or | have preserved a limb in one instance, alive, and -This has very large flowers of a pure ihite color, very splendid in appearance, and in lape like a chandelier. In the house it flowers I March, but will support our winters unprotect- A tree is mentioned by the London Horti- Stural Society, as growing at the seat of Mr in bearing four years, but this year it perished. ' 7th. That neighboring trees do not a|)pear to take the disorder indiscriminately. It began in my garden about seven years since, when two winter B071 Chretiens died. The year following a distant tree, the Early Blanquette, died. The iraham Hume, in England, which is 14 feet] ^exx, a Litlle Muscat. Since then several others |;h, 1.5| feet broad, and which produced 9-56 vers in one season. |iSj7i'cr Leaved Ahele This tree is highly calcu- 3d to ornament pleasure grounds, &c. It at- QS to a large size, and is of quick growth ; but great beauty consists in its foliage, of a fine ken, on the upper surface, and of a perfectly my old trees, and seek in the new varieties of Eu- rope and America, (on seedling stocks) a succes- sion more promising. '1 have thrown my ideas together hastily, only for your remarks. 'The rain during the blossoming of my Euro- pean Vines, destroyed the blossoms, so that I have had but few grapes this year. I have found as yet, no advantage from the application of sulphur, against Mildew, nor in Ross' preparation for the destruction of the worm in the |>each tree. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Mr Fessenden — I see it stated in your Nov. 9th paper, that Rlr Samuel R. Johnson's plum tree, that has produced about $50 worth of fruit annu- ally, is the Washington^ or Bolmar plum. As the tree referred to was sent to him by myself, I think it proper to mention that it. is the Jlliite Gage, sometimes called Princess Gage, and raised from seed by ray father, and not the Washington plum. By reference to your back files, you will perceive Mr Johnson stated the facts correctly in the original notice of the great product of his tree about two years since. Very respectfully, WM. ROBERT PRINCE. Linnfean Botanic Garden, ) Kovember 9, 1830. ( ,bt^' jieri'""'! of unknown kinds in different situations have also died, but none of the St Michael's, and other kinds near them have suflered. This year, I find the disease in two Jargonelles, in the Virgouleuse, and Monsieur John. ' 8th. That girdling would not produce so rapid a decay as these trees have suffered. This is at ite silvery hue on the under side. The leaves I least my present opinion. I i)urpose the ensuing ng supported by slender petioles, are easily j year to make some experiments, unless I can find -.ated, and hang quivering, with the least further satisfactory information on the subject, to supersede the necessity of such an examination. ' These are all imported trees of thirty years' standing. In a few years we shall be able to de- cide upon the question of the decay of these spe- cies, and until then, I shall continue ray usual method of lopping, and burning the branches of leze, like the trembling aspen ; and the green II white smfaces of the leaves mingled thereby, Isent a contrast which, at a distance, gives to I tree an appearance of being covered with nu- jrous flowers. This tree has also the advan- I3 of holding its foliage late in the season. — It CRANBERRIES. The Barnstable Journal states that Capt. Henry Hall of Barnstable has for the last 20 years culti- vated cranberries. He has now about an acre of ground under cultivation. For the last 10 years he has raised an average of 70 bushels, and in some favorable seasons 100 bushels. Sandy bog-land is the soil best adapted to their growth, and it should be kept well drained. — Capt. Hall has a tract of about four acres enclosed, which he calls his ' Cranberry Yard,' of a damp sandy soil, surface nearly level, and, where not planted with cranberries, covered with rushes and swanq) brush. The cranberry vines were set around on the borders of the 'yard,' some on land, elevated two or three feet above the general level of the surface. The vines grow most vigorously, and the berries are of a better quality and more abundant where the soil is raost sandy and damp. In very dry seasons, the cranberries are liable to be eaten and destroyed by worms; but, in general, are, under skilfultnanagement, as certain a crop as any kind of grain or garden vegetables. The manner of transplanting is simple. Holes are dug lour feet apart ; only they are made deeper than for corn : into each of these, sods of vines are placed. The cranberry hascrceping roots, spreads very rapidly and in three years from the time of planting will entirely cover the ground. If the land is overgrown with bushes they must first be removed ; but it is not necessary to destroy rushes, for the cranberry vine will do it in a few years. When the land is very low or covered with a thick growth of weeds and rushes, Capt. Hall practises spreading over it a quantity of beach sand before planting. The fall is the best season for trans- planting. No other cultivation is performed or required, than to keep the land drained, and cattle 138 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Nov. 19, 1830. from injuring the vines. The cranberries sell from $1,00 to 1,50 per bushel, and the cost of picking is 20 cents per bushel. Mr F. A. Haydcn, of Lincoln, has gathered from his farm in Lincohi, this season, 400 bushels of Cranberries, which he sold in this city, last week, for $600. Committees for the Cattle Show of the Worcester Agricultural Society, Oct. 13, 1830. On Ploughing. Goorge A Tufts, of Dudley, Chairman, Ebenezer D. Aniniidown, Southbridge, Jonathan P. Grosvenor, Paxton, John Bachellor, Grafton, Benjamin Harrington, Princeton. On, Milch Cows and Fat Cattle. Joseph G. Kendall, of Leominster, Chairman. Lewis Barnard, Worcester, John Whitney, Princeton, Luther Chamberlain, Westborough, Charles Mirick, Princeton. On Working Oxen. Samuel Mixter, of New Braintree, Chairman. Seth Davenport, Mendon, Benjamin Munroe, Northborough, Thomas Drury, Jr., Ward, John Wadsworth, Barre. On all other JVeat Stock. Daniel Henshaw, of Worcester, Chairman. Daniel Tenney, Sutton, Henry Sprague, Charlton, Samuel Sawyer, Sterling, Josiah Gleason, New Braintree. On Sheep. William M. Towne, of Worcester, Chairman. Thomas Bottomly, Leicester, Benjamin N. Child, Worcester. O71 Swine. Isaac Davis, of Worcester, Chairman. Cyrus Leiaud, Grafton, Lewis Bigelow, Worcester. On Butter and Cheese. Jonas L. Sibley, of Sutton, Chairman. Phineas Gleaspn, Westborough, Seth Caldwell, Barre. On .Mamtfactures of Cotton, Wool, and Flax. William S. Hastings of Mendon, Chairman. Calvin R. Stone, Shrewsbury, Amory H. Bowman, New Braintree, Walton Livermore, Spencer, Ivers Jewett, Fitchburg. On all other Manufactured Jirtieles. William Lincoln of Worcester, Chairman. Nathaniel Lakiii, Paxton, Walter Russell, Ashburnham, Henry W. Miller, Worcester, Horatio Carter, Lancaster. The Committee appointed to award Premtjims on Working Oxen, ask leave to Report :^ That twentythree pairs of Oxen were entered for premium — (almost twice the number that was entered last year) — and the CommiHtee were of opinion, that tiris part of the exhibition excelled any preceding year in number, appearance and performance generally. The Committee were gratified to observe an intrease in the number of Oxen entered for pre- mium from a few towns in the County, whose inhabitants have heretefore, on similar occasions, given proof of their skill in training Oxen for the draft. — It is so apparent to every practical farmer, that the usefulness and value of the ox, for labor, consists so much in his docility and discipline under the yoke, that it is to be regretted, that com- petitors for the premiums are generally from a few towns only ; and that the owners of good oxen- in other towns should be found unwilling to be- stow the small portion of time and labor necessary to prepare them to compete for a premium, when at the same lime they would be doubly paid for their trouble by the increased value of their labor on the farm. In awarding the premiums, the Committee had particular regard to the strength, equality of match, and docility of the cattle, as well as to their size and appearance. The manner in which the labor was performed was so nearly equal as to render it difficult to designate to whom the pre- miums were justly due. After occupying the short space of time allotted them for the examination, the Committee satisfied themselves, that the premiums ought to be award- ed as follows: — To Benjamin Woodbury, 2d, of Sutton, the first premium of twelve dollars. To Simon Carpenter, of Charlton, the second premium of ten dollars. To Leonard Woodbury, of Sutton, the third premium of eight dollars. To Ilalloway Bailey, of Northborough, the fourth premium of five dollars. Thomas Harback, of Sutton, would have had one of the premiums awarded to him ; but it was made known to the Committee that he received the second premium on the same oxen last year ; and therefore was not entitled to am/ except the first. By order of the Committee. SAMUEL MIXTER, Chairman. The Committee on Swine submit the following Report : Your Committee have been highly gratified in the examination of the various animals which have claimed tlieir particular attention as a Com- mittee on Swine. — The Hog was introduced into this country by the first discoverers of this west- ern world, and is a native of all the temperate climates of Europe. From the excellence of its flesh — its prolific nature — its quick fattening pro- perties— it tnay, with great propriety, be considered as otie of the most profitable and advantageous of domestic animals. Such seems to be the o|)in- ion of the practical farmers of Worcester County. Although a portion of the pens allotted to Swine were filled with fine animals — still there were none exliihiterl from any town in the County except Worcester. Not that the fanners do not appreciate the value and imjiortance of Hogs, but do not exhibit them in consequence of the trouble and inconvenience of driving or bringing them any considerable distance. Your Conmiittee are however confident that there might have been a much larger exhibition of Swine of a superior quality, without bringing them any considerable distance. There was but one Boar in the pens, so that the competition with this animal did not long puzzle the Committee. This animal offered by Hon. Oliver Fisk is of the Bedford breed — called in England from whence the race was imported. The Bedford English Whites or English Broail Backs, introduced into this country by the Duke of Bedford, and sent by him as a present to Gen. Washington. Dr Fiske has had the breed about 10 years. The mother of the family obtaitied the first premium here 2 years ago. From this brei I the best Hogs in New England originated. Yom Committee are of an opinion although this animal had no competitor — that the Hon. Oliver Fisk, is entitled to the first premium of $5,00 for the bc.-t Boar. There was but one Sow in the pens. She w.i- off'ered for premium by Mr Elisha P'lagg of Wore i:-- ter. A very beautiful animal and possesingin eminent degree the fine quality of a profitable lli The Committee award to Mr Flagg the first piv- mium for the best Sow, $5. On Pigs your Conmiittee had more difficulty in ascertaining who was entitled to premium. 10 Pigs were oflered for premium by Messrs Salis- bury and Williams ; 2 Pigs by Artemas Ward^ Esq. ; 2 by Mr Elisha Flagg, and 2 by Capt. John F. Clark. Your Connnittee were at a loss to ascertain to whom the premium should be award- ed— but after a considerable deliberation, have awarded it to Messrs Salisbury and Williams for the best Pig, $3. Two premiums provided by the Society have* not been awarded for the very best reason — be- cause there were no animals exhibited for them. Your committee had no inconsiderable difficulty ,n coming to the result on Pigs, such was the com- petition. They have endeavored to do their duty faitiifully — if they have satified their fellow citi- zens, it is all they wish for. On former occasion- the Society have been highly entertained with the interesting and witty reports of able and ingen- ious gentlemen. Your Committee would not shrink from going the whole hog on this occasion, as they feel confident that no former exhibition has merited a stronger and warmer approbation of the animals, considering the number exhibited, than the present. It is not, however, the wish of the Comtnittee to bore you with a long report — and will close our remarks — having alluded to the most useful ami profitable breed of hogs — by congratulating tin' Society iqion this occasion that after a careful attention, to our duty, we have not wituesseil :; single specimen of that unprofitable and slovenly breed of animals sometimes delicately called IIoi's. by our charitable neighbors across the waters, win walk on two legs — and the Committee Hati; themselves that the breed is nearly or quite cj- tiuct in New England. ISAAC DAVIS, LEWIS BIGELOW, ;. Committti CYRUS LELAND. [To be continiieil Pent Ashes. — It has been found by trials that tli. ashes of peat is an important manure, and \)i Deane, asserted that it had three limes the value of wood ashes. Fifteen bushels are recommendci! for an acre, used as a top dressing. It is .nu ex- cellent manure for cold lands ; and fiu- all crnji- on dry soil, which require much heat to hriiif.; them to maturity. They should be sowed by hand, as they can thus be more evenly spread- It may be done in winter with the least danger n( hurting plants by its heat. If sown in siimuiN it should be just before a rain, by which it wonM be deprived of its burning quality. These asae- Vol. IX. —No. IS. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 139 are sakl to have a better etVect on winter than on placed on it. In two weeks it will undergo the summer grain ; and not to be good for beans, pea.s &.C, as they make llie vines too luxuriant. Sir Htiniphrey Uavy, observed that 'I'cat ashes are used as a topdressing for cultivated grasses, particularly sainfoin and clover,' and we find that peat ashes are very commonly used in Great Brit- ian for manure. rromthe York, [Po.l Eepublit NEW VARIETY OF WHEAT. The Hon. R. Rush, has sent to our office some parcels of remarkably fine wheat, accompanied with the letter which will be found below. Any of our York County farmers who feel disposed to try it, will be supplied by calling at this office, as it is the desire of BIr Rush that it should be dis- tributed among them. York, Ort. 19th, 1830. Dear Sir — I beg leave to send you herewith acetous fertnentaton, when it will be fit for use. Attention should bo paid it every week, to skim tlie froth from the brine, lo wash the board, stone, and sides of the tub. When Sauerkraut is taken out oftho tub to cook, it should always be washed with fresh water and cooked without the addition of any other vegetable. A piece of fat pork beef — or a fat goose, enclosed with the Sauerkraut in a close tin vessel, and stewed three hours, forms an e.vccllent dish, and is the more valuable as it can be had at the seasons of the year, and under cir cumstances that vegetables cannot be procured. From the Newburyport Herald. CIDER. As the time for laying in cider has come, I would observe, that mustard seed put into new cider will keep it much better than any other thing I have tried. I put a half pir.t common mustard seed into a few samples of wheat, originally" from Syria, I ^ |^''"'''=' ofnew cider ; and let it remain on the lees afterwards raised in England, and new, as far as I ^^'thout drawing off, till it was all used, and it kept am informed, in our country. Its quality is said | P'^'"'''^'=''y ^^"^^^ !'!' the last— not the new sickly to be very fine, and its productiveness very great. I place the samples, regretting that they are not larger, in your hands, to be given away to such of our farmers of York County as you think may feel a disposition to make trial of them upon their farms. I have ventured to give it the name of the ' Bexley Wheat,' having received the first samples of it from Lord Bexley in England, who obtained it from Syria, as I understood. When at Washington, I gave a small quantity to my friend Col. Maynadier, of Anna|)olis, Maryland, t4iuder whose cultivation in that neighborhood, it llias, on a single trial, succeeded wonderfully. In tlie hope that it may prove useful among us, I remain very respectfully Yours, &c. RICHARD RUSH. T. C. II.\MBLT, Esq. Editor of the York Republican. From the Daily Chronicle. SAUERKRAUT, OR SALTED CABBAGE. It is only 10 or ISyears since this article was Introduced on board British ships of war,as an article Tpossessed of valuable anti-scorbutic properties. — ; Experience proving it to be valuable for the above mentioned qualities, it is still retained in their sup- plies. It has longbeen in use on board of German ind Dutch national vessels, as well as merchant ships, the crews of which, even during the longest .oyages, remain perfectly free from scorbutic coni- ilaints. From time immemorial, it has formed a avorite standing dish to the robust iidiabitants of he north of Europe during their long and rigon;us viiitcrs. It is recommended by cheapness, sa- f-r, salubrity and simplicity of preparaton. ilibage should be taken that has sustained two or Ijiie white fro.sts previous to being gathered; soiind, 'Jiipact heads should be chosen, the green and ilect leaves should be carefully removed, each I divided, and the stalk cut out ; then sliced with an instnmient made for the purpose; a uitable tul), barrel shaped, should be prepared. Ifter cutting, it should be salted with the protior- ionofai)int of fine salt to the bushel of cabbage, irell intermingled, which may then be gradually acked in the tub, pressing it continually with an ppropriate wooden rammer. It should then be overed with a circular board, two inches less in sweet, but more like mellow old wine : the cider tasted a little of the mustard, but some gentlemen who drank of it thought it was iinproved by it. As the last year was the first time I put in the seed, I cannot say that it will always have the saine ef- fect; but so simple a thing is worth trying for my cider was decidedly the best I ever had. S. We can add our own testimony in confirmation of the above. We took two barrels last season from the same pressing, and put half a pint of mustard seed in one of them as soon as fermentation com- menced, and bunged it up tight. The other barrel was carefidly treated in the common mode, letting the fermentation go on as long as anything was discharged from the bimg hole, and than stopping it tight. That in which the mustard seed was put, was decidedly the brightest, clearest, and finest flavored cider we ever saw, and was so ad- judged to be by all our friends who tasted it, and continued so to the last, — some of it remaining late in the spring, while the other barrel became hard and unpalatable, being very ordinary in its quality, and remains imdrunk in our cellar to this day.— Ed. Wor. Spy. The following pilhy article from the New York Journal of Commerce expresses, ])robably, the fe'.'lings of a majority of the conununity upon the Militia System : Mil. Jlegis. Down witu the Tyrant ! Now is the time to get rid of the odious, useless, and oppressive militia system with which we are burdened. Now is the time ! The inercbants are against it — the woi-king men are against it — the whole community are against it. What more is wanting ? Simply lo have this imited feeling express itself in some visible, tangible shape ; so that it may tell upon the decisions of the next Legislature. Down, we say, with the tyrant ! It interferes with the pursuits of industry — corrupts the pub- lie morals — operates as a tax upon the community of five milUon dollars per annum — is worse than useless as a means of discipline and subordination — a burlesque upon patriotic feeling — and a libel upon the military spirit of the nation. Fellow citizens ! when danger approaches, every man of us will enter the ranks like good soldiers ; we will cheerfully submit to be drilled from day to day, and week to week, if need be ; we will inarch to the combat with gallant hearts and deter- mined spirits ; and the country shall say that we have done our duty. It is not that we shrink from any necessary burden, in short, which as good citizens it becomes us to bear ; but we have some pride left, both for ourselves and our coun- try ; and therefore we say, down with this hateful, useless, ridiculous, militia system. Mrs Eliza Clasby, who keeps a boarding house in New York, has recovered $800 of one William Brown in an action for slander. The less men have to say and do with female characters of any kind, the better. Canal Survey — It will be recollected (hat a survey for a Canal between Weymouth and Taunton Rivers, with a view to connect the waters ol Boston and Narra- gansett Bays, was begun and partially coinpleti'd two or three years ao;o, by order of the General Government. The U. States' Engineers were joined and altcmled in the survey by three Commissioners appointed by the Gov- ernment of Massachusetts. This survey not having been fully completed, no report has ever been made to the Eng- - — neer Department at Washington. During the pre Maine State House. — The pillars of the colon- | '*''"• ^<=''*°"'''"o"^<'i'™"'e ''*■'' '^'^'^i surveyed by Col. An- nadeofthisnewedifieeat Augusta, eight in num- ''^'''°V''i'' "T?,'i!'' ""' '''"■">'=|- ™"^ey ""'ee years , , , , e ■ , , . , '"g"- We learn that the new route IS to the westward of ber, elegantly wrought of granite, have been raised. I the former one, is somewhat shorter than the other, and They are 21 feet in length, exclusive of the base I affords greater facilities for the construction of a canal. and capitals, lOJ feet in circumference at the hot tom and 9 at the top, and weigh 10 tons each. The outside of the building will be finished before winter. We observe in the Halifax Recorder of October 23, a person advertises, as just received from Liv- erpool, ' 100 pieces of Sattinets, assorted colors, which will be found efjual to the American.^ This is a novel style of puffing off English manufactur- ed goods, but one, we dare say, that the venders find expedient, if not necessary. The revival of busine.'s in Boston is universal ; every trade — every brancli of business feels it. The city wears a cheej-ful aspect, the stores are let at advanced rents, and everything shows life and activity. The summit level is at Howard's Meadow in Randolph ; the route meets the Taunton River at Williams' Landing in this (own, and thence is down the river on the west side to Dighton, till a depth of ten feet of water shall be found in the river at low tide. The Engineers have al- ready reached near that point, which is said to be not far from the ' Four Corners,' in Dighton. The new survey is for a canal sixty feet wide and ten feet deep, sufficient for coasting vessels, with a tow path also for horse boats ; the locks to be 100 feet in length. We learn that the Engineers have become entirely satisfied as to the prac- ticability of a canal of this description, after a thorough examination of the country, the adjacent ponds, &c. No doubt is entertained, %ve understand, as (o the sufficiency of the supply of water. A favorable report from the En- gineers luay therefore be anticipated; but whether any thin Qum. Evel. Md. I^erte tongue a hyver, ) Besiden/, Sandry. Quin. Evel. Echassete, ri Bezi de Chasseri. Roz. Winter green long. Evel. Winter long green. Mil. syn Wilding o/Echassery. Yat or Yut pear. Besidery Landry, ) jj.,_ Landry wilding, ) Tilton, of New Jersey. The shoots of this tree are very slender, bending at every joint, very much speckled (tiquee), gray on one side, and of a greenish gray on the other ; the buds moderately large, longisli, pointed, turn- ed off from the branch, and have a small and very slightly projecting base ; the leaves are long, narrow, somewhat wrinkled or furrowed, indented very partially, but coarsely ; the flower is formed of oblong petals, each somewhat hollowed or spoon-shaped, and terminating in a plicate or plaited point ; the fruit is round, approaching to oval, and diminishes in size towards the stalk, con- siderably resembling the Ambrette ; it is generally two inches in diameter, and twentynine lines in height, but sometimes it measures no more in one direction than in the other; the stem is large, eight to fifteen lines long, inserted in a small cav- ity, which is commonly surrounded with some small protuberances ; the part next the head is perfectly round, and the eye is there placed even with the fruit; the skin is a whitish green, but becomes of a yellowish hue at maturity ; the flesh is melting, of a sweet, musky, and very agreeable flavor ; the seeds are brown, and the fruit ripens in November, and January ; the tree may be in- grafted upon either the pear or the quince ; it is productive and soon begins to bear fruit. I have examined the subject very minutely, and have ascertained decidedly that this is the Ambrette pear of Coie's work, a fririt of great excellence and held in the highest estimation. The only difference he speaks of is in regard to the indenture of the leaf, and on this point I find he fell into an error in his description, for all the ' trees that I have seen'or heard of, that have been I obtained from New Jersey, as the Ambrette or Til- ton pear, have indented leaves, and this fact, with the circumstance of their being devoid of sharp thorns settles the question of identity satisfactorily^ Curious discovery — cause and remedy for carious teeth. — M. La Beaume, the medical electrician, has made a curious discovery, that the accumula- tion on the teeth termed ' tartar,' is occasioned bj aiiimalcula, which are visible on microscopic exam- ination. According to this gentleman, they grad- ually burrow between the teeth and gums, pene- trate the enamel, andenterthe interior of the teeth, thereby ])roducing the de.^truction termed ' caries,^ and also tooth ache. Blr La Beaume, after numer- ous experiments, ascertained that the true malic acid (the purified acid of the crab a]iple) not only destroyed them, but dissolved the nuicus collection which protected them. He therefore, recommends the teeth to be brushed every morniug, and also the tongue, which, when loaded with fuul slime, is covered with animalcula, with a lotion composed of malic acid and rose water, and afterwards with the prepared areca-nut charcoal. This mode of managing teeth is extremly beneficial, as it not only removes, and when used only once a week, prevents its reaccumulation,but cleanses the tongue and produces a relish for food. Its good eflTects on the tongue and palate, proceed in fact, from sym- pathy, or from a continuous influence transmitted to the stomach. The irritation produced by the an- imalcula, and offensive effluvia from them or their surrounding slime, probably of a foecal nature, are extended to the saliva glands ; the consequence of which is, that their secretion is unhealthy, and no doubt, a very common cause of indigestion. — Hyppocrate.«, who, in all cases, paid particular at- tention to the state of the stomach, was of a simi- lar opinion, that a perfect or good digestion dei)ends as much on the healthy state of the teeth, as on the sound condition of the digestive organs. Itching Feet. — Among the minor evils to which the human frame is subject there are few more tor- menting than that of violent itching of the feet, during severe frosty weather, caused by incipient chilblains. The following s])ecific is so simple and cheap, that no person ought to be ignorant of it; it is merely one part muriatic acid, mingled with seven parts water, with which the feet must be well rubbed for a night or two before going »o bed, and perfect relief will be experienced. The application nuist of course be made before the skin breaks, and it will be found not only to allay the itching, but to prevent the farther progress of the chilblains. — The feet may be a little tender fo» a short time, hut this slight inconvenience will soon disappear. — jVew Bedford Courier. JVeto Steam Carriage. — Extract of a letter from the ShelBeld Iris, signed ' An Engineer.' 'Being last week at Lynn, I was induced from reports I had heard ofa steam carriage, to visit the manu- factory of Carlton and Galbee where I saw this beautiful piece of machinery perfinm its evoiu- tions. In viewing this modern wonder of mechan- ics, the beholder is at a loss which most to admire, whether the beauty, yet the simfilicily of its con- struction, the ease with which it is guided, or tli' velocity of its movements. After going sever.".! times round the yard it took up a number of gent! men, and I had the good fortune to be one of t]i' number. It proceeded towards Brandon at the velo V,.l. 1>C.— No. IS. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 141 •itv of twelve miles per hour. The fireiiian the" opencil the valve for the heiitcil air, which iiicrcas- «l the speed to thirty miles ^ hour. The trees, gates, aiul houses, appeiireil to lie retrograding at a most iiieredihle velocity ; the effects of which, Avas grand indeed ; and after passing rivers, hrooks and gentlemen's honseS, it arrived at Brandon with- out any accident, iu oue hour and ten luitmtes from the time of its leaving Lynn, (a distance of twenty- five miles) which surpasses any thing that has been performed citlicr on rail roads or turnpikes. It seems, therefore that more depends on the con- struction of the carriage than its running on rails.' — English paper. Scratches in Horses. — This disorder or difficulty is too well known to all who own these noble ani- mals, ordeal in them, to ueed a particular dcscnp- ion of it. The remedy is simple, safe, and certain, n all cases which have coino to my knowledge, lowever inveterate. It is only to mi.v wlute lead ind linseed oil iu such proportions as will render he application convenient, and I never have known nore than two or three applications necessary to tfiect a common cure. — Turf Reg. . From the Maryland Gazette. THE BITE OF THE SNAKE. Sir — I observed in your paper of Thursday St, a notice, extracted from tlie Boston Travel- er, giving an account of u Mr Dunlap, one of the Bepers of the New England Museum, having Ben bitten by a Rattlesnake. The jji-obahility „ had not Mr Dunlap applied the ' cord' with the ironiptitude which he did, that in a few hours after «e accident, he would have been numbered with "le dead. Mr Duidap, however would have saved imself much suffering, and have immediately jaced himself beyond all danger, had he with the urne promptness have sucked the wound after i.stening the ligature abont his finger. The ignor- it may start at this suggestion, but every iutelli- er leaves from being blown away. In a few days the heap will come to a strong heat. For the first year or two that I used these leaves, I did not continue them in the heaps longer than ten days or a fortnight : but in this I discovered a considerable inconvenience, as they settled so much, when got into the hot house as soon to re- quire a sup[ily. Taught by experience, I now Set them remain in the heap for five or six weeks, in which time they are properly prepared for the hot house. In getting them into the pine pits, if they appear dry, we water them again, treading them in layers exceedingly well till the pit is quite full. We then cover the whole with tan to the thickness of two inches, and tread it well till the surface becomes smooth and even. On this we place the pine pots in the manner they are to stand, beginning with the middle row first, and filling up the spaces between the pots with tan. In like manner we ])roceed to the next row, till the whole is finished ; and this operation is per- formed in the same mani'.er as when tan only is used. 'Thus prepared, they will continue a constant and regular heat for twelve months, without stir- ring or tm-ning ; and if I may form a judgment arly ; for during the whole time I have used them, which is nearly twentyfive years, I never once knew their heating with violence. 'The heat of oak leaves is constant; whereas tanners bark generally turns cold in a very short i nuality, and in fine eati time, after its furious heat is gone off". There is a saving in point of expense, and de- cayed leaves make good manure ; whereas rotten tan is experimentally found to be of no value.' pearance as those exhibited on Saturday last, from Sariuiel Lathrop, Esq. From Mr Webster, of Haverhill, Marsh Pears, so called, a medium good eating pear. A description of this pear, if a foreign or native variety, &zc, wotdd be acceptable to the Committee. From Mr William Prait, Jr, large and very fair Chaumontelle Pears — not in eating. From S. Downer, Ambrette Pears — not in eating. These pears were exhibited to show the variation in form of this variety — some being in the shape of a duck's egg, and a cluster of four, resembling tliin Jargonelle pears. Those exhibited grew on dift'erent trees, hut the same variation may be found on the same tree. From Mr R. Manning, Bon Louis Pears, (Forsyth's 7th edition) of good Green Peas in J^ovember. — We were presented, on Friday last, Nov. 12, by John Henshaw, Esq. of Roxbury, with a basket of Green Peas, being the third crop raised by him this season, in the open air, from our Early Washington Peas. The new vines are still green, and uninjured by the frost. American Manufactures. — The brig Danube, cleared from Boston for South America last week, with 595 bales of American cotton cloth, measur- ing 413,000 yards. Poultry. — Fowls of every sort may be profit- ably fed on boiled potatoes and meal, mixed. Hens which do not lay in winter should have access to pounded bones, oyster shells, or some other matter which contains lime, in some of its compounds, because something of the kind is necessary to form the shells of eggs, which are composed of the phosphate of lime. Indian Corn. — It is stated in a letter from Paris, that in consequence of the total failure of the crops of Cobbett's corn in the vicinity of the French capital last season, very few experiments of the kind will be tried the next year. A farmer, near Rouen is said to have lost 15,000 francs by his speculation in this way. — Edinburgh Journal of Scieiice. London Horticultural Society. — There were ex- hibited ata late meetingof this Society one hundred sorts of apples from Mr Hugh Ronalds. A bundle of asparagus consisting of 125 heads, weighing tvventyeightpounds, from Mr Wm Robert Grayson, of Mortlake. A scarlet Brazilian pine apple from the garden of the Society. Asparagus, blanched In tubes from the garden of the Society. Extraordinary Cabbage. — Jabez H. llairimond, has a cabbage in his possession, and ready to be shown, that has 24 good hard heads, that grew to one stump, and sprung from one seed. He thinks that this b^ats the Cow Cabbage. — fViiidsor Chr. ipples. — From Mr Burr, of Hingham, a Seed- ling Sweeting, said to be a great bearer, and keeps well, flesh tender and crispy, flavor very pleasant. From Mr Manning, Menagere Apple, (of A. Par- mentier's Catalogue,) also see Prince's Treatise. Fall Pippin, from Mr Floy's Nursery. Winesap Apples (Cox, No. 89.) Danvers Winter Sweet, or Eppes' Sweet. This fruit was of remarkable fine appearance, not a blemish could be discover- ed on the dozen exhibited. They were of mediiiii ize, bright yellow color, good flavor, and worth) of cultivation for our market — will keep from De- cember to April. From Mr John Perry, of Sher bm-ne, Native Sweet Russets ; a good ajjple, anc said to keep well. Grapes. — From Mr .Tohn B. Russell, fruit of th( Isabella, received from Mr Rufus Kittredgc (Ports mouth,) with the annexed letter. The fruit ex hibited was of the true kind, but not suflicientli ripe to have attained flavor. Portsmouth, Nov. 12, 183(1. Mr J. B. RnssELL, Sir — Six years ago I received some Isabella grape vines from Prince's Nursery, from which 1 have distributed cuttings to many of my friends it this town. It not having fully answered our ex pectations, we have had some doubts of its bein{ the true Isabella. Our doubts have been strength ened by comparing it with the figure in Prince': New Treatise on the Vine. They are mucl smaller, and not so oval. I have sent you a bunch and wish yon to inform ine by the bearer, if thej are the Isabella. If not, what kind are they ? Respectfully yours, RUFUS KITTREDGE. JVuts. — FroiTi S. Downer, a scion of the Shai' bark Nut. This scion was set in the spring o 1826 — it measured eight feet in length, and on inch in diameter at the foot. In behalf of the Committee, SAMUEL DOWNER. NOTICE. A box of Dahlias, received from M. Faldormai, fof the Itiipcrial Botanic Gardens of St Peters i; h,) w ill be distributed at the Hall on Saturda3||| The jiapers in all our great commercial and i ''-"'^ , manufacturing cities and towns, give us the cheer- I next. Also a bundlo of cuttings (received fron ing intcUigeoce of a revival of business. It is like ! Mr Amos Perry, of Sherburne,) of the Nair an electric shock, it reaches the whole body [ tfaP". exhibited by him at the Hall, this seas^ politic. "'■s at the Hall for distribution Vol. IX.— No. IS, AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 143 AVic Eni^tand Fanner's .ilrianac, for 1831. Just published, and lor sale b) J- B. RuasKLL, at his Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, tlie New England Farmer's Alna.vac, for 1831. By Thomas G. Fbssenden, Kllitor of the New England Farmer. The .Vstronomieil Calculations, by the Editor of tlie .\sti-oiiouiical part of the American Almanac. Tliis .\lmaiiac con-tiins the usual misccllaueous and agricultural arlicle^a list of the civil otficers of the ifnited Slates, wis'i the Governors, Lieut. Governors, and Judges of the I'nilcd States, aud the Governors of the British Colonies — a chronicle of the most remarkable events beHreen August, 1S29, and Sept. ISSfl — a com- plete Calendar for each State in New England, including the Prob;iie Courts for New England — the Sun's declina- tion, &c. The tides are particularly calculated. Among Jie agricultural articles, are a description of Mr Phinney's Improved Roller, with a drawing ; and a drawing and ie.scription of an Improved Harrow, used on Capt. Daniel Chandler's farm, in Lexington. Price $6.00 per groce — (52^ cts per dozen. Oct. 1. Rees' Cyclopedia, American edition, revised, corrected, enlarged and dapted to the United States, in 47 volumes, quarto, in- ludins a lar.sc alias, and 5 volumes of plates. This val- able work, the labor of 20 years, is illustrated by eleven iindred and fifty engravings, by the most distinguished rlists. (Thei e are 4:i plates upon agriculture alone, con- iining 394 figures; upon Natural History, including .otany, the number of plates exceeds 260.) The original ostof this work in boar.ls was ,f470, and will now be Hd in elegant Russia hall binding v(;i/ low, if applied for an. Apply (post p.iid) at the office of the N. E. Farmer. Not. 10,"1830. 3t Sheep for Sale. 'On hand and for sale 2000 fine woolled sheep of vari- ,s grades from half to full blooded Merinos. Among Bm are about 500 Wethers and fat Ewes. 1250 Stock I'cr nniiuni. | .liable altli and of the year--but those who pay within sixty days from tip I i time of suljgcribing, are entitled to a deduction of fifty ceiitJ jj Qj" No paper will be sent to a distance without payrncm: being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts— Ijy wl all descriptions of Printing can be esecuted to met! wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by .' P.USBELL, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 IVu Marlict Street. agexts. Nni) York — G. Thurbukk & Son, 67 Liberty-street. PhUttdelphiu- I). & C. L.iNDKETH. 85 Chcstnul-slrcet. Bahivtore — G. 1>. Smith, OtHce ollhe American Farmer. AU'jiiii — Hon. Jesse Buel. /■7hs/i-«-. y. Y. W.11. Prince & SoNs.Prop. Lia. Bol.Gardf itj . rti///i.n/— Goodwin &. Holfs. M. NewOiiniport. Ebenezer Stedjian, Bookseller. ll " Huiifax.ti. S— P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder Office. Montreal, L. C. — A. Bowman, Bookseller. NEW ENGL.AND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehoi;se.)-T. G. FESSENDEn7edIT0R~ VOL. IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBERS 6, 183 O. a;3^aia^yy» From the American Farmer. The following Review of Mr Prince's Treatise on the Viae, by a distinguished gentleman of Virginia, las saved us the ttouble of a detailed notice of it ; lOd the many extracts heretdfore made from the sheets, vitli which we were politely favored by the author, fhile in the course of publication, will have enabled our eaders to judge of its merits from the text ; but still we eem it proper to urge upon cultivators and amateurs the reat advantage to be derived from the possessing the ork. It should be in the liands of all Vignerons and ardeners. TREATISE ON THE VINE. Tith de: history from the earliest ngesto the present day, oils of above two hundred foreign, and eistity Anieri An varieties ; together wiih a comptele dissertation on the slablishment of Vineyards, by WiuLtAM Robeut Prince, nid dby William Pbince, Proprietor of tlio Linna;an limanic'Gar- len, Vice President uf the New York Horticultural Society, ic. tc. &c. New York, 1830, pp. 355. 'The public has been for sunie time in expecta- »D of the appearance of Mr Prince's Treatise on B Vine, which has recently issued from the New irk press. The Inng experience of the elder Prince, who has devoted so much of his atten- a to the subject of the vine, and who has been twenty years engaj;ed in importing and culti- ung the finest varieties of Europe, as well as iging into notice many of onr native kinds, has e sed the lovers of this interesting plant to loqk fi varil witli great anxiety to the publication of •ik. No American perhaps was so well 1 as llr Prince to render such an accepta- .ice to the public. He was, moreover, one first persons who strenuously contended • vine must succeed in the United States. -; the diversity of soil and climate which iitry presents, from the Gulf of Mexico to !i degree of N. latitude, and from the At- • cean to the western wilds, in the same itii the celebrated wine countries of Europe, III see no just reason why we niiglit not in lome equally successful in the cultivation - plant; and, with sufficient e,xperience, is prnduciions in the other hemisphere. V, as then a matter of speculation, is now in I tide of successful experiment. M:iny of St intelligent citizens are engaged in rear- -r .u vine; fruit of the most delicious quality oeen raised ; extensive vineyards have been ed in some iiarts of the country; and excel- ivine has been made from them. Even socie- ave been formed to promote an e.xtension of ulture. at there may have been some disappointment •ienced by individuals in the degree of success 1 they have attained, is very probable and be wondered at. Our native vines are everywhere in rich luxuriance, extending branches over an ample space, and yielding ens of fruit without any care from the hand in. Hence it was not unnatural to suppose veil the foreiirn vine would prosper in our ns,and hear abundantly. Expectations found- such conclusions could never be realized, ence some failures have been the result. [re correct practices, obtained in time, i.nd a llerable increase of knowledg-e was difTused ; NO. 19. but as the vine has been extended in a much great- er degree than just principles of culture have been adopted, there became consequently a propor- tionate demand for correct rules applicable to this branch of industry. It was to supply this want, and at the same Ume to stimulate to still greater exertion, that the Treatise of Mr Prince has been published. No efTort has been spared to render it in the highest degree useful and acceptable, since not only has the particular adaptation of our own country to the vine been fully considered, to- getlier with such departures from the foreign mode of culture as our experience has suggested to be prolitable, but all the information which could be derived from the best European authors has been collected in relation to the whole duties of the vine dresser. It was one great object of tlie author to present in his work the concentra- ted intelligence of every clime, derived from all tlie experience of the past, for the benefit of the American horticulturist. The most careful obser- vttion ami the greatest research have evidently b;en made to render the offering as acceptable as [ijssible. As many, persons seek with avidity everythin<' connected Tvilh the vine, it may not he uninterest- ing to give a brief sketch of the contents of this Treatise ; suggesting at the same time to every person who has half a dozen vines that he could not expend a dollar and a half more appropriately, than in purchasing the work. It may be taken fiir^iauled that no one who has ever fenstnl once upon this delicious fruit, but would be well pleas- ed to raise enough for his own use; and whoever has succeeded in raisingcnough to sup]ily his own wants, has no d(5ubt felt that passion common to all who are fond of the vine, namely, a desire to extend his stock and introduce into his collection still finer varieties. It is certainly one of the most delightful and ennobling pursuits that can engage the attention ; a fact, which may enable us to iccount for the enthusiasm which invaria- bly seizes the minds of those who become in the least enamored of the suljject. Among the many strong considerations which should recommend Mr Prince to our favor, not the least is the one, that he is an American in feeling as well as by birth. He takes a dee|) interest in the pros]ierity of onr country, and he has employed bis pen, not so much with a view to his own profit, as from the laudable desire to insiruct his fellow citizens on the important sub- ject of which be treats. Wishing to see every branch of industry thrive, and to extend the sphere of usefulness as much as possible, he has devoted all his energies to prove the adaptation of his country to the extensive introduction of the vine. In a most admirable and beautiful argmnent, founded upon known facts relative to other fruits, he demonstrates this to the satisfaction of every one who may read it. Under these pairiolic feel- ings, he has not inappropriately inscribed his Trea- tise to a distinguished statesman, whose life has been closely connected with the prosperity and in- dependence of our Union. The detlication is re- markable for its neatness and siin|)licity, written in the spirit of one freeman addressing himself to another. MrPriiK'e commences his work with a brief historical account of the vine from the earliest times, which contains a good deal of curious in- formation. He traces the origin of this plant to Asia ; indeed he goes so far as to fix upon Persia as its native land, though the evidence which he adduces in favor of this opinion is not altogether striking. From Asia its culture was extended to the southern parts of Europe. Its progress was at first slow, bul as its advantages came to be better known, it waa communicated with an inconceiva- ble rapidity when contrasted with the difficulty which exists in the present day in causing the best precepts and best modes of culture "o be adopted. The vine was very eariy transmitted to the Narbonese province of Gaul, but the cold was so intense beyond the Cevennes that it was deem- ed impossible to mature the grapes so far to the north. The climate had not become ameliorated to the degree it afterwards attained by cultivation ; and the vine being a native of amuch more south- ern region, needed that acclimation by culture which it subsequently attained. As these difficul- ties were surmounted, vineyards were gradually established in the interior [larts of the country. Kings and princes did all in their power to jaomote its extension by planting vineyards on their own ac- count. Through a long course of time, the vine has become so completely naturalized in that gen- erous climate, and has attained such full develop- ment, that it might now be supposed it was its na- tive region. These facts with many interestiu<^ particulars are very appropriately narrated; and may very justly lead to the conclusion that our own climate, without waiting for the softenin" and ameliorating hand of titne to work a change in its temperature, is already sufficiently genial t°o in- vite an extensive cultivation of the vine, even if we had no varieties of our own capable of with- standing every vicissitude of season. The aulho- next devotes some chapters to a con- sideration of the eflect of climate, soil, ex|)osition &c, upon the flavor of the grape, and in a series of very sensiile and forcible remarks, examines the subject in dead. There is a fund of valuable in- formation onall these points, which should be re- ferred to bT every person who wishes to ac- quaint himself with the proper manner o.'' loca- ting his vines. We were next treated with descriptions of a vast numberof the most estimable grapes, both for wine and for the table, amounting to upwards of two hmided foreign, and eighty native varie- ties. Thesedescriptions are frequentlv very mi- nute, being ii most instances made from" a particu- lar personal examination of the fruit. The ex- tensive nnrstries of the author, in which he has planted two standard vines of every variety, for the purpose '!.- Prince reccnmiends that the Ag- ricultural "i:d Horticultural Societies should take it under t!iBi9»care, for much no doubt yet remains to be done. Surprising as it may appear, not less than eighty native varieties arc enumerated and described in the Treatise. It is already well known that some of these are exceedingly valuable, leing at the same time pleasant for the table, and possessing those qualities necessary for making an excellent wine. It is extremely jirohable that many of the others will he found to be r.o less deserving of culti- vation. VVith a public spirit and liberaUy truly hon- orable, intelligent persons from all partioftlie coun- try have vied with each other iii sendiig their rich contributions to the extensive nursc-ies of the author; and have been free in impaling all the information in their possession relalve to their merits. A noble and generous feeliig seems to have aifimatcd all hearts. Mr Prin e does not fail to dwell on this interesting develqjinent with delight and enthusiasm ; he even cimpares the spirit which prompted those spontane us offerings, to that which animated the people so ample and minute that scarcely anything ia left' untouched. The preparation of the ground ; th( planting of vines; the most approved maD-> ner of raising vines from cuttings, the oper. j ations of layering and engrafting ; the location ot vineyards with enclosures suitable to protect thein , prop[)ing and training according to the various I methods which have been found to succeed besN ] in different climates, from the low to the higl^ I trained vines, and from the common trellis to thai] 'admirable system of espalier by which the delicioilH [and highly gilt fruit of Thomerry is perfectedl with several other modes applicable tq particulag circumstances; all this, with every form of man- agement which can contribute to the prospcrit; of the fullest development of the fruit, is dwe! upon with minute attention. It would extrii: this article much beyond a proper limit to endeavu lo condense the views of the author on these iiii portant subjects. They could not in any evei: be so well understood as by consulting the woi itself, where the reader will find all elucidated in clear and satisfactory manner. Appended lo the Treatise is a catalogue of a the vines in the extensive gardens of the autho amounting to not less than five hundred varietie affording ample selections for every diversity soil and climate, where the vine may be brought flourish. Thus far we have only spoken of the work ii connexion with the subject, because it is natural more interesting on that account. But it wou be an unpardonable omission to pass over it ei tirely without paying a tribute to its litem merits. Mr Prince has not only been able to ii part a vast fund of infornnition to his readers, he has evinced a talent for doing it in a pers] Otis and agreeable manner. His language is chosen and engaging ; full without beiii danl ; easy, flowing and frequently nervous; where the subject admits of it, abounding in sical allusions. ]t is evident that it is fo: most part, the effort of an ardent ami spri| mind, devoted enthusiastically to the vine., if we sotiietimns discover some indications most youthful fervor, which might induce age to indulge in a smile ; j'et he who h known what it is to love and to cherish the vim duly appreciate any occasional exuberance ing, and have a higher opiinon of the geni and amiableness of the author. CROWS. Few birds are more numerous and annoyio the farnjers of the Atlantic States than the ( mon crow ('C corone), which, throughout a < siderable part of the year, collects in astonish large flocks, and makes destructive descents newly-planted maize and other grain. Ha species it seems as if all the evil propensitiei •iiu,i Vol. IX.— No. 19. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 147 ihe raco wimo imiteil aiul augmented. E.xceeil- iiiglv iiiiiniiig in detecting every eontrivance in- tended lor their destruction, they arc rarely de- stroyed to any great extent, except in seasons of e.vcessive and long-protracted cold weather. Tlien (as during the winter of 1828 — 9) vast niunbers jwrisli from starvation, since the earth, brooivs, rivers and hays being completely locked up, all [their sources of supply are cut off. At such times, their hunger is so distressing as to force them to the most extraordinary exertions, and they devour substances, which nothing but exces- sive liunger could induce any animal to swallo.w. During the bard winter alluded to, imnien.se flocks were observed passing from the direction of the 'amous roosting place in the vicinity of Bristol, (particidarly noted by Wilson), towards the bores of the sea and bay, and returning regularly D the afternoon. Thousands upon thousands, for everal hours, moved lieavily along in a broad, 'regular line ; and, from the numbers found dead I the field, it is most probable that, during the iverest weather, but little benefit resulted from leir long diurnal pilgrimage. The common crow voracious at all times, and nearly, if not quite, I omnivorous as the brown rat. Grain of all irts, but especially Indian corn, insects, carrion, fgs, fish, yoimg birds, the young of various do- lestic fowls, and even young pigs, are sought for (gerly, and devoured with avidity. This species, Dm the peculiar excellence of its sight, smell id hearing, by which it is very early warned of iproaching danger, is very audacious, frequently iming close to the farm-houses in search of prey, pei-severing in efforts to rob the heris of their ickens, until successful. The writer has wit- id several times, in the state of Maryland, lere crows are far too abundant, the perlinacity one of these robbers in attempting to seize a ing chicken, notwithstanding the fierce defmce de by the hen. His approaches appeared to e in view the withdrawal of the hen to a little ance from the brood ; then, taking advantage is wings, be would fly suddenly over her, and ;e the chick. The same altempts were fre- intly made upon the goose, with a view to ;e her goslings, but the vigilant gander, though ily fatigueil by his struggles, never failed to lat a single crow: it was otherwise, however, two or more united for the jiurpose of feast- on the young. It is not an uncommon thing Iftrmers to be under the necessity of replant- orn several times in the s])ring, and, when it ist rising above the gromid, to be obliged to several persons continually on guard in the Is. When the corn has shot up an inch or two e the surface, a host of these blark-coated iderers invade the fields, and having posted inels in .several commanding situations, ii:arch darly along the corn-rows, drawing up the n, pulling skilfully by the shoot, and then ilowing the germinating corn. Among the t successful experiments made to prevent the rs from doing this mischief is that of coat- he seed corn with a mixture of tar, oil, and all quantity of slacked lime, in powder. The ients being mixed in a tub, the seed corn is id in it until each grain receives a thorough ng of the mixture. This prei)aration, as it arily keeps the grain from being readily ted by moisture, is found to retard the ger- ting about three days. In the instance we jsaed of the trial of this preventive, it was fully successful ; for, although the field was daily visited by hosts of crows, they were content with pulling up enough corn, in various i)laces, to bo satisfied that it was, throughout, equally unpala- table. Dining their breeding season, which is in the spring months, the flocks spread over a great extent of country, and build their nests of small sticks, lined with grass, in lofty trees, choosing the most remote and diflicult of approach. The young, generally, are two in number, and until fully fledged are most solicitously protected by their parents. When the young crows first begin to receive lessons in flying, nothing is more re- markable and affecting than the efforts made to preserve them, by the parents, when a gunner ap- proaches the vicinity. Every artifice is employed to call attention away from the young, which seem to comprehend the directions or calls of their parents, and remain perfectly silent and motion- less. In the mean while, the father and mother fly towards the gunner, taking care not to remain an instant in one place, and, by the most vocifer- ous outcries, deprecate his cruelty. These efforts being continued, their voluntary exposure, and the eagerness with which they fly about a particular .spot, are almost always successful in withdrawing the sportsman from the place where the young actually are. As soon as they have succeeded in leading him to a sufficient distance, they cease their accents of distress, fly a little farther from their young, and from a lofty perch, which enables them to watch all around, utter an occasional cry, which one may readily imagine to be intended for the direction and encouragement ot their offspring. The most successfid mode of destroying crows, is that of invading them in their extensive dormi- tories during the night. When thgy have selected a pine thicket, or other dense piece of wood, for a roosting place, they repair thither with great regularity. Every evening, vast flocks come sail- ing to the retreat, and the trees are literally cover- ed and bowed down. When the state of Mary- land received crow scalps in payment of taxes, at three cents each, paities were frequently made to attack the crow roosts. Gunners were stationed at various ])arts, surrounding the roosts, and all those of one division fired at once ; the slaughter was necessarily dreadful, aud those remaining un- hurt, bewildered by the darkness, the flashing and report of the guns, and the distressing cries of their companions, flew but to a little distance, and settled near another i)arty of gunners. As soon as they were fairly at rest, the same tragedy was reacted and repeated, until the approach of day or the fatigue of their destroyers caused a cessa- tion. The wounded were then despatched by knocking them on the head or wringirig their necks, and the bill, with so much of the skull as passed for a scalp, was cut oft' and strung for the payment of the taxgatherer. The poor people, who had no taxes to pay, disposed of their crow scalps to the store-keepers, who purchased them at rather a lower rate. This premium has long been discontinued, and the number of these ma- rauders is, in many parts of that slate, quite large enough to require its reestablishment. — Ency. Americana. Beet sugar. — The success of '.his branch of indus- try, in the North of France, leaves no doubt of its success in Belgium, the soil and climate of which are so favorable to the culture of beets. The rapid increase of the number of manufactories of indigenous sugar in' many parts of France ' Road. — Co.i. Yeo. is a proof of the advantages which this new species of activity will afford to the country, and which doubtless will acquire great extension, at no distant period. One of the principal manufacturers, M.Crespelle Delisse, of Arras, is of opinion that in ten years, France will gather from ils own soil, the sugar necessary for its consimquiou and which is estimated at 120,000,000 pounds. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The season is now approaching when the dis- trict Schools throughout the State commence for the winter. Among the multitude of our statutes there are none which reflect more credit upon the wisdom of our Legislators, and are belter calculated to secure the rights and liberties of the pco|)le, than those providing for the estahlislnnenl and support of public schools in every town. Knowledge is power; and so long as our cit- izens receive a good common education, there can be little fear of the decline or decay of the sound principles of free government established by the toil and blood of oiu' ancestors. Tliose to whom the charge of procuring teach- ers is intrusted, fill a highly responsible office, and have much to answer for to their country and to the rising generation. There has an opinion prevailed to son>e extent, which we think to be erroneous, that it is best in procuring teachers to take the one who will keep the longest time for the amount of money the dis- trict has to expend ; if the merits of all instruct- era were equal, this would undoubtedly be cor- rect; but there is no situation perhaps in which men are ever placed, where similar acquirements produce such entirely different results as in that of teachers. The teacher, who, to a thorough knowJedge of the branches he |)rofesses to teach, joins a happy facility of imparting information, and the art of preserving good order in his school, is calculated to be of the most service to his scholars. Experience in teaching and managing a school is of no small advantage. Where order is not preserved, little progress in learning can be ex- pected. The teacher who is obtained at a low rate is ntt always the cheapest. It is a great error in School Committees to attend so much to the price of the teacher's services, and so httle as they sometimes do to their qualifications. ■ Childien in the country have an opportunity of attending a school of oidy a few months duration in each lear; they ought then to have the best instructe-s that can be procured. No pans, no care and attention that can be bestowed upon the schooling of the youth of our country ind in furnishing them a good, thorough and subsantial English education, can he consider- ed as los or wasted. It is like money put to usury, th( profit to be received in the end is cer- tain, thot^h the operation of its increase may not be visible, — JVaHonaZ .'Egis. Improvet pavements. — In LondoD.paveinenls ,ire being maile of Ikwd granite blocks, nicely fitted so as to make a smooth surface^ and made crownini; or arched so that Ibe pressure of a load acts on the whole bed. This is an improvement. We have taken occasion long ago to sug- gest wooden blocks for streets nearchuichcs and other places where it is importaut not to have noise,— f""™"' -Journal. Factorie:.— We understand the foundations of two new factoiies were commenced at Lowell, last week, near the expected terminus of the contemplated Rail 148 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Nov. 26, 1830. ©®saaiwsra(Sii.aa®srao AN EXCURSION ON THE HUDSON. LETTER 1. Mr Fessenden — Dear Sir — I commenced my excursion 29th Septembei-, hy way of New Bedford to Newport, wliere I devoted two days to the kind civilities of the family of my wortliy friend Dr K. Tliis pro- cured me a gratifying visit to the stupendous for- tifications now erecting at Brin ton's |)oint, under the able superintendence of Col. Totten. These works, of a mile in extent, and most formidable in height and strength, have been five years in progress, at an annual expense of §100,000. It is calculated that in another five years the whole will be completed, at the cost of one million of dollars, and will present an impregnable barrier against the strongest force. At Newport, I em- barked in the Chancellor Livingston, one of those massive arks which in the days of our fathers would have been viewed as a terrific phenomenon from the infernal regions. We now estimate it as a vehicle of great utility and convenience, a pleasant resort for tlie fashionable world, for re- creation and anuisement ; steaming onward with 2 or 300 people at the rate of 16 miles an hour; one can scarcely enjoy a reposing nap ere he awakes at the end of the voyage. The well known skill and experience of the comujanders on this line, preclude all apprehension of the awful disasters which have so frequently occurred in other places. Who, since the days of Colum- bus, more than Robert Fulton, has conferred wealth and benefit on the world of mankind ? Where is the genius to be found, bold enough to predict the incalculable results yet to be derived from that all powerful, space-annihilating, labor- saving agent, expansive steam .' At New York, I embarked on board the North America, a still more formidable and splendid vessel, accompan- ied by my respected friend Dr Hosack, bound to his noble residence at Hyde Park. Soon after leaving the wharf we passed on the left Hoboken ; a short distance above are the romantic and beautiful hills called Weehawken, thiee miles from New York. Here occurred the tragical fate of the illustrious Hamilton, and this spol has ob- tained a reckless notoriety as the resort of duel- ists to adjust their misconceived points cf honor. At Weehawken, on the western margin of the Hudson, commences a very singular and Stupend- ous range of trap rock, called the Palisado^s. This range extends about 22 miles, some parts of which rise to 20 and others to 550 feet ii! height, presenting an almost perpendicular surface. Seven miles from the city, on a beautful and commanding site on the east side, standsconspic- uous, that noble edifice, the New York , Lunatic, or Bloomingdale Asylum, erected a ftw years since. It is a splendid fabric of hewn 'reestone, and was the tavorite object of that phihnthropist the late Thomas Eddy, Esq. The ndgs of high land which extends across York Islan(i is called Harlacm heights , well remembered foria line of fortifications in the early part of the revalutionary war. Fort Lee, on the west side, is 300 feet above the level of the water, and was evacuated in 1776, :ifter the fall of Fort fVaihinglon, erecttd on the summit of a high hill on the east side, 12 miles frjm the city. The fate of this fort fldling into tiie hands of the Hessians in 1776, together with 2,600 men was among the first and most appalling disasters of the war. We passed, October 2d, in ' distant view of Tarrytown, on the east side, the, place where was captured the lamented Andre, j and Tappan on the west, where I witnessed the execution of that unfortunate officer on the 2d October, 1780, precisely fifty years since ; — an in- teresting retrospection I Sins; Sing, or Mount Ple.Hsant, is on the east side, 34 iTiiles from the city. This is a noted place, where the bones of thousands of our unfortunate prisoners have been mouldering since the American war. The new state prison now located on the bank of the river makes a conspicuous aud noble appearance. ' It is built of hewn white stone, quarried on the premises. The whole work was performed by the convicts. Its dimensions are 44 by 480 feet ; it has a double row of cells built back to hack, four tiers high, and 200 in each tier ; making in all 800 cells. The average number of convicts here is 550. The discipline is that of the Auburn prison supposed to be the best now in use. The next object of interesting reminiscence is Slony Point, on the west side 40 miles from New York. This is a liold rough promontory on the summit of which a light house is now erected. It was a formidable fortification, wrested from the British by assauhby the gallant general Wayne, July 16th, 1779. Verplank's Point, opposite, was also the site of a fort, and a splendid mansion is now situated upon it, occupied by Mr Philip Verplank. Here commence the celebrated Highlands. The majes- tic river resembles a vast canal traversing a wild forest, its banks on each side for many miles ex- hibit a sublime spectacle of mountain based on mountains, precipitous crags, and huge rocks in wild confusion. St Anthony's Nose — This is a mountain on the east side, rising 1228 feet above the river, directly opposite old Fort Montgomery, from which may be seen the Catskill hiouniains, part of Connecti- cut, with a view down the Hudson extending to New Jersey and Harlaem heights, Long Island, &c. This mountain is called St Anthony's nose, erro- neously supposed to be that which exhibits a pro- file of a human face, the name of which is deriv- ed accordm^' to Washington Irving-, from the nose of Anthony Van Corlaer in early times. M'est Point. — Of al! situations on the Hudson, this is incomparably the most important, more celebrated in the history of our revolution than any other military post, and fraught with objects of peculiar interest at the present day. The ven- erable Fort Putnam occupying a majestic and conmianding situation ; the pride and boast of our military chiefs, from which we were prepared to hurl engines of destruction on the assailing foe, and which was shorn of its strength by the vile traitor's hai\d, is now reduced to a mouldering pile of ruins. There is now at this noted place a hospital which is a fine stone edifice with a piazza in front and an extensive wing at each end. On a connnanding eminence is a spacious hotel in a style of much elegance, the keeper of which, Mr Bisphatn, is famed for good cheer and obliging department. The United States Military Academy and all the buildings appertaining to that excel- lent establishment, exhibit a magnificent view. These consist of six brick buildings for the officers and professors, and the number of cadets is about 209 under the superintendence of the accomplish- ed Lieut. Col. Thayer. This noble institution for the instruction of our youth in the important sciences of engineering and tactics, reflects much honor on our governtnent, and on our national character. In a conspicuous place on the point, is erected a handsome monument of fine hewn marble ; the inscription on it is « Kosciusko.' ' Erected by the corps of cadets, 1828.' Among the interesting recollections pertaining to West Point is Kosciusko's garden, situated in a deep rocky valley near the river, where in 1778, I waa- amused in viewing his curious water fountain,, spouting jets and cascades. 'Clusters of lilacgi are still growing which are said to have beetii planted by the Polish Patriot.' Col. ThaddeUBi Kosciusko was a gentleman of distinction in Po- land, and a favorite of the king. But liaving eloped with a beautiful lady of high rank, they were overtaken in their flight by her father, who made a violent attempt to rescue his daughter. Kosciusko was reduced to the alternative of des- troying the parent or of abandoning the object of bis affections. His noble spirit disdaining the atrocious deed, he sheathed his sword ; and soon after, having obtained permission of his sovereign to quit Poland, he resorted to America, where he resolved to exercise his gallantry in a new splirr of action. He served in the engineer departrm with the rank of colonel in our army. After ■ before the close of the war, Kosciusko returued ■ to his native country, where he acted the part ( of a zealous patriot in heading the Poles against the Russians. He was severely wounded in battle and died in Switzerland in 1817. A little hclov. West Point, on the opposite side, is .seen the sinai point from which the traitor Arnold took his fli^rli and reached the British sloop of war Vulture ii i: September, 1780. Ntw Windsor — is on the wes L side, where is seen a low house formerly the doni || wWa of Mr Ellison in whose family Oenera Washington for some time resided. Mrs EUiso who performed inany don'ostic oflices for th ; conniiander in chief, is still living, and ig the wif . of Mr Bullis. A^ewbwg, is on the west side. A quai . tei-of a mile south of this village stands the oli sione hou.-e in which Washington held his hea quarters at the time when the celebrated anouv uious ' Nevvburg letters' created so much e.xcite incut in the army, and so much distress to tli commander in chief. Poiighkcepsie — on the eas siile is a handsome and pleasant village contain ing two elegant hotels famed for their excelleii acconmiodations. HyJe Park, is on the east side, six miles ahov' Poiighkcepsie, and divides the distance prci' equally from New York to Albany. This pit; ant village received its name from Dr John Biyu country residence, now in the possession of D David Hosack, and this is the extent of my jirf sent excursion. Landing at the dock on the pr mises, we were met by the Doctor's carriage a: conveyed up a circuitous road about half a to the mansion. The a|)proach is truly eiic ing, the house a palace, the laiulscape arurafl adise, 'he respectable occupants distinguish the kindest hospitality. Hyde Park estate the colmtry residence of Dr John Bard,* was the scene of his latter days. After him t' son Dr Samuel Bard* erected a sjdendid hoi and made considerable improvenients, v/hile 1 son ill law. Rev. Mr McNicker, erected a bemi' ful dwelling in the finest style of an English co tage. * For a biographical sketch of the characters of the excellent men see, American Medical Biography. M\ Vol. IK.— N... 10. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 149 From liotli those elfg.iiit scats tlie eye sweeps over tlie iiolile Hudson, wliieli is nearly a mile in wiiltli, specklfil at all times witlitlie wliite spread - in<' canvas, or llje more formidable Fnlton steam- ers. A rii-licr prospect is not to be tbiinil, a more Taried and liiscinatin!^ view of pictmesqne scene- ry is scaroidy to be iniairined. Tlie present pro- prietor, Dr David Hosack, lias since the year 1794, been distingiiisbod for assiduity and devotion to the practical duties of his |irofession, and fulfilling tbe office of teacher in various brandies of med- ical science in the city of New Vork. Many of his works have been fepublislied in foreign coun- tries, and among the honors which be has receiv- ed from the learned institutions of Europe, he lias been elected a follow of the Royal Society of IiOndon, and also of the Wernerian natural history Society of Kdinliurgh. His more recent work, the life of tlie late Governor Dewiit Clinton, with n account of tbe origin and jirogress of tbe great Erie Canal, has been received as a splendid pro- uction, justly delineating the character of bis il- ustrions friend, and redounding to the fame and onor of the author. Dr Hosack sustained th= ffice of president of the New York Historical lociety for several years, and in May, 1324, was lected president of tbe New York Horticultural lociety. lie was tbe founder and proprietor of le Elgin Botanic Girden in 1801, the first ano lest in tbe United States, which has been purohas- |d by the Legislature of that State for the pur- of cempljting a system of medical instruc- ]. Although this eminent physician and jihil- pher has exchanged bis professional labors du- g tbe summer months for the delightful scenes jF rural and pastoral life, yet he retains a high mse of the iiii|iortance of medical science, and e public is still to be benefited by his literary la- He is well qualified as a practical ag-ricul- rist ar.d horticulturist, having devoted mu(-h .it- tion to the nature of soils and the principles vegetable life when lecturing on botany and lorgics. From tbe spirit displayed during the Tt period of 18 months in his system of im- vements, it may be predicted that as an agri- iiirist, he will become no less eminent than in ical erudition. e rises early, and soon repairs to the point ere Jiis presence is most required, allowing iself little relaxation either of mind or muscle. never sufTers his talent to be hid in a napkin, r his wealth hoarded under a miser's key. [(Please accept the respectful regards of your mble servant. JAMES THACHER. 'lymoulh, J^'ovemhit, 1830. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. L J. B. RUSSELI. |3ia — In December last, I iionght a lot of gar- seeds at your Store ; I then told you that you I uld bear from nie on their ficcount, wbellier I sfied or dissatisfied. I have now the pleasure Inform you that, with ths excejition of a. box of lis which I had several years ago, from those It out by Win Cobbett to this country, the seeds In you were the best I ever had, and their pro- le has proved conclusively that they had been led from selected plants, and that care had been Im to prevent a mixture of kinds. Aiii.ing H;rs, I slioiiUl mention as those which were pc- Barly excellent, the Ruta Baga, tha L^jre Cape loy and Low Dutch Cabbages, the Long Dutch Isnip, Blood Beet, and White Portugal and Yel- low Onions. The Parsnips and BimUs wore re- markably straight and (tee from fibrous roots ; the Kuta Baga the finest I ever saw, excepting those only raised from the seed of Cobliett, above men- tioned. I have selected 46 of tbe handsoinest and largest of tbe Ruta Baga for seed, which after they were div(;sied of the leaves weighed 442 lbs. one of the largest weighed 16 lbs. I meulion these facts in justice to you, and for the benefit of those who are in want of seeds, that they may know where they can procure such as may be dependecust, Early Waaiiinglon, Blue Imperial, and Bishop's few Early Dwarf Prolific Peas, of this year's growth. Patent Door Springs. Burwell's superior article of Door Springs, on an entirely ew construction, which have been most highly approved ■ wherever used, are now offered for sale by J. R New- J, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North ket Street. IN. B. Mr Smallidge is now in the city and will per- iSlly alteid to the setting of thom during the few days may lemain. Nov. 26. .Massachusetts Horticultural Societi/. The members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Soci- •, are requested to meet at the Exchange Coffee House BatHrday,27lh inst. at 10 o'clock, for the purpose of con- ting upon and adopting measures relative to the pro- ing a suitable room for the future meetings of the So- y. A general and punctual attendance is requested. ROBERT L. ExMMONS, ITov. 29. Recording Seeetary. Thanksgiving Articles. at Sale at the New England Seed Store No. 52 North |lket Street, Prime Double and Single distilled Rose er and Peach Water from Downer's garden ; price of louble distilled 50 cts per bottle— Single distilled 31 cts th water 31 cts. p fresh Pulverized Sweet and Pot Herbs, from the lers at Harvard, packed in tin cannisters, viz. Sweet prum 3(4 cts. per cannister — Summer Savory 2.5 cts. ne 33 cts.— Sage 17 cts. — Tomato Mustard. 50 cts. I ottle — Tomato Ketchup 33 cts. Improved Vegetable Steamers. I r Sale at the .Agricultural Warehouse, No. 32 North ;et Street, Boston, Improved Vegetable Steamers I ooking all kinds of vegetables, particularly Potatoes, are of ciist iron, of convenient size for every day |md it is thought that any family who has once used and noticed the superior manner in which Potatoes ofeed in them, would consider them an indispensable J5 — they are of two sizes, price of the smallest 75 cts, brgest $1,1 2i cts. White .Mustard Seed wanted. \ subscriber at the New England Seed Store, 52 Market, Boston, is in want of White Mustard Seed, tnerican growth, to he well cleaned, free from 1 dirt, or imperfect seed, for which he will pay 20 lat per bushel more than the wholesale market price \iropean While Mustard Seed. J. B. RUSSELL. Farmers and .Mechanics I le country, who are in want of good boys from the various ages, as apprentices, are respectfully in- that a register is kept at the New England Seed |No52 North Market Street, of the names, ages |;idencesof such boys, of good character, (generally of poor parents) which is furnished by the l3r Tuckernian, general Missionary to the poor in |ty. .\ny information will be given gratis at the jtore with regard to the boys, or letters can be ad- (post paid) to Rev. Dr Tuckerman, Boston. St. Nov. 26. Silk Cocoons wanted. Cash and a fair price will be given at the New England Seed Store, No, 52 North Market Street, for about 20 lbs of prime Silk Cocoons, to be delivered soon. * 3t. Nov, 26. Premium Butter. The competitors for the premium intended to be awarded on the 2d day of December nixt, are notified th.rt the Committee have been obliged to poslpone the examination till FRIDAV the 3d, in consequence of the 2d having bsen appoin ted as a day of public Thanks- giving in Mass.achusetts. Per order of the Com raittee. Nov 26. BENJ. GUILD. PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. Prince's Treatise on the Fine. Just received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North M.irkct Street, .\ Treatise on the Vine ; embracing its History from the earliest ages to the present day, with descriptions of above two hundred Foreign, and eighty American varie- ties ; together with a complete dissertation on the Estab- lishment, Culture, and Management of Vineyards. ' Tlie Vine, too, here her curling tcnilriU shoots. Hangs out her clusters glowing lo the south. And s.:arcely wishes fur a warmer sky.* By Wm. Robert Prince, aided by Wm. Prince, Propriefor of tho Linnjean Botanic Garden. 1 vol. octa- vo, 3.33 pages. Price $1,.50. Oct. 29. Xew England Farmer's Almanac, for 1831. Just published, and for sale by J. B. Russell, at his Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, the New E.vGLAND Farmer's Almanac, for 1831. By Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor of the New England Farmer. The -Astronomical Calculations, by the Editor of the Astronomical part of the .-Vmerican Almanac. This Almanac contains the u'ual miscellaneous and agricultural articles— a list of the civil officers of the United States, with the Governors, Lieut. Governors, and Judges of the United States, aud the Governors of the British Colonies — a chronicle of the most remarkable events between August, 1829, and Sept. 1830— a com- plete Calendar for each State in New England, includino- the Probate Courts for New England — the Sun's deulina" tion, &c. The tides are particularly calculated. Amon plates upon agriculture alone, con- taining 394 figures; upon Natural History, includino- Botany, the number of plates exceeds 260.) The original cost of this work in boards was ,f 470, and will now be sold in elegant Russia half binding i-eri/ low, if applied for soon. Apply (post paid) at the office of the N. E. Farmer. Nov. 10, 1830. 3t Slieep for Sale. On hand and for sale 2000 fine woolled sheep of vari- ous grades from half to full blooded Merinos. Among them are about 50O Wethers and fat Ewes. 12.50 Stock Ewes, (a desirable lot for persons wishing to obtain a flock,) and 250 lambs. The above will be sold on ac- commodating terms and in lots to suit purchasers on ap- plication to the subscriber in Cummington, Hampshire County, Mass. CYRUS FORD. Cummington, JVov. 4, 1830. 3t. . Seeds for Country Dealers. Traders in the country who may wish to keep an assort- ment of Garden Seeds for sale, are informed they can be furnished, at .1. B. Russell's Seed Store, connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market Street, Boston, with boxes of various sizes and prices, from 10 to $50, containing a complete assortment of the seeds mostly used in a kitchen garden, on as favorable terms as they can be procured in this country, of equal quality, neatly done up in small packages, ready for retailing, with short directions on each package for its culture and management — warranted to be of the growth of 1830, and of the purest quality. Nov. 5. APPLES, new, ASHES, poi. first sort. Pearl, first sort, BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, Cargo, No. I, Cargo, No. 2, BUTTEIl, inspecled, No. 1 , new, - CliEE.'jL, new milk. Skimmed milk, FLAXSEED. KLUUll, Haliiniore,Howard-slreel, - Rye, best, GRAIN, Corn, Rye, Barley, Oats, HAY, HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, IIOI'S, Islqualiiv, LIMi;, Pf,AlSTEIlP.4RlS retails at PORK, clear. Navy mess. Cargo, No. I, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, Orchard Grass. Red Top (nortlii Lucerne, Red Clover, (northern) WOOL, Merino, lull blood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed, Jlerino, mi.i;cd wiih Saxony, Merino, three fourths wasliod. Merino, half blood. Merino, quarter. Native, washed, Pulled, La.Tih's, firs, sort. Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, Pulled, " spinning, first sort; bush.,-1 barrel 'pound "J pound I 1 25 (in Ot 125 0( I 9C 8 60 7 00 G 2. ]3 5 G2 3«£t 68 3(i 1 GC 12 0(1 2 00 71 12 75 17 00 12 60 2 7.') 1 75 To 1 60 120 00 127 60 1 00 9 CO 7 60 6 50 35 1 60 5 87 5 87 3 75 (i6 70 60 33 70 12 50 14 00 75 3 00 18 00 13 00 13 76 200 3 00 75 38 11 62 35 67 BEEF, best pieces, PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole hogs, VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY, UUTTER, keg and lub, Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail Indian, retail, POTATOES, CIDER, taccording to qua PROVISION MARKET. .V] pountl 6 6 " G " 4 ,, 10 '• IS dozen. IS bushel. '■• 20 bari'el. 1 00 Boston Vegetable Market.— Prices at Fin»„;i Hall Market-Cranberries, 1,25 1,50 perbushe^Po afoes (raised in this vicimty) 20 to .30 cts. per bushel ; (Eastern' t^^-om the coasters, 20 to 25 cts.)-Cabbages, 37* c^ n^; dozen-Cauliflowers, 6 to 19 cts. per head--Swee ' C l1Z'',^rr' bushel-^Chestnuts, 1,75 per bushel-Shag- bark . 1,.50 per btishel-Omons, l.,25 per barrel-W^inter Crookneek Squashes, l,no per 100 lbs-Small Canada Squashes, l,oO per 100 Ib.s.-French Turnips 37i- Carrots, .50 cts.-Quinces, 2,00 per bu,shel. The market IS also constantly well supplied with Radishes, Lettuces, &C, though out of season. Brighton JMarkkt — .Monday, Nov. 22. At market, this day, 3009 Cattle, 7270 Sheep, and 90 swine. Pricks.— Beef Cattle from $3 25 to 4 37i ; a few ex- tra Cattle were taken at 4 50. Barrelling Cattle dull ; very few sales effected ; the barrellers have had as many as they could conveniently turn their hands to of late, and appear to have already pur- cha.sed nearly or quite their supply ; lots were offered at the former prices, but refused— a' falling off of nearly 17 cts. the hundred, say for Mess 3,33 a 3,42 • No 1 2 84 a 2,92. Sheep. — Sales not so quick as usual, probably in conss- quence of the weather, and we were of opinion that former prices were hardly supported : we noticed one lot of several hundred taken at 1,00; also lots at 1,25, 1,33, and 1,37J ; a lot of about 800 at 1 ,40 ; lots at 1,50, 1.62, 1,88, and 2,00 ■ and one lot of 80 wethers at 2,50. ' ' Swine.— Scarce, and in better demand than barrelling cattle ; buyers are notyet fully supplied ; a small advanee was effected on those retailed, say 4i for Sows, and 5i lor Barrows. — Patriot. ENGLAND FARMER. 1820. THE COTTAGE CONTRAST. Nulla est gilicera voluptaa Solicitumquc aliquid laetia iulerveoit. Had I the least of little faims, A chatty wife to bless my arms, A chubby child to frisk and play. To sleep all night and romp all day, A snug thdcthed house, though small, yet warm, A dog to liark in case of harm, A sturdy horse, a good fat cow. The last lo miU', the first to plough, A fine fat pig, a pleasing book. An honest friend, a babbling brook, A distant church its chimes to ring, A neighboring wood fur birds to sing, A garden gay, a swarm of bees, A dabbling duck, some gabbling geese, A cackling hen, a crowing cock, A cask of ale, a kitchen clock, — Had I but these, then, free from cares, I'd laugh, and sing, and say my prayers ; Happy to live, content to die. What prince more truly blest than I .' Then grant, kind Fortune, if you please, I. may he gratified with these; Wan wants but little more, 1 guess, Nor should he be content with less. Unhappy man ! 't is sad to see Thy various turns of destiny ! 'Twixt good and ill forever lost. From pleasure still to misery tost; Through life's dark Wilderness we grope. Depressed by fear, revived by hope ; Still poring o'er the text we look. Till Death steps in and shuts the book. Thrice blest, indeed, had mortals been. If friends forever might remain ; If kindred kind and parents dear Did multiply from year to year ; The old remain the young increase. In circling harmony and peace. The lots of man two pitchers fill ; One holds the good, and one the ill. No mortal yet could ever drain The cup of pleasure free from pain ; Nor ever pain fill up tfie measure Without some corresponding pleasure — The wisest seem content to quaff A mixture fair of half and half. As precious gems, opaque and dark. Condensed retain their native spark, Till science points the artful way To liberate the slumb'ring ray. Then, sparkling o'er some sordid foil, Its beaming splendor* gaily smile ; So to comparison we owe One half our sense of weal and wo. Thus sun and rain, thus hopes and fears. Alternate fill (he circling years ; Thus youth and age, thus strength, disease. With smiles and tears, and toils and ease Together mixed, combine, compound. Connect and fill the mortal round; And on their systematic strife Depends the balanced beam of life. Content and health, two standing dishes. Compose the best of huinan wishes. This happy medium understood Leads in its train each earthly good ; For sweet content, wheree'er she goes. Brings peace of mind and sound repose. And health attends on every station. With exercise and moderation ; And blest are those that early find This equal b.dance of the mind. Nor high, nor low, nor rich, nor poor, In worth and innocence secure ! But wit, 'tis said when best is brief: 'T is very true — so turn the leaf. Now we 'll proceed the scene to vary. To view my life when quite contrary. My barking dog begins to bite ; My chubby child cries all the night ; My sturdy horse has got the glanders ; The fox devours my geese and ganders ; My fine fat pig has got the measles ; My hens are worried by the weasles ; The ducks destroy my gar.len seeds, And all my flowers are choked with weeds ; My cackling cock forgets to crow ; My kitchen clock forgets to go ; Incessant rains drown all my wheat ; M5 honest friend turns out a cheat ; My chatty wife beguis to rail ; The thunder souts my cask of ale ; My cow, unconscious, gravely stalks And along my gravel walks ; My pig, to scratch his meas'.y rump. Mistakes my beehive for a stump, And when the indignant realm rebels, Continues in their cells ; The jarring screams of birds attest Sonje truant schoolboy robs their nest; My distant chimes nocturnal toll A requiem to some rustic soul ; My snug thatched house, oh ! sad to tell. Instead of home, is grown a hell ; And discord dire and worse alarms Assail the worst of wretched farms. Despair ensues, and mental ease And health give place to slow disease ; Conden^ned to live, afraid to die. What mortal half so cursed as 1 ! Like learned judge, with serious face. The moral now sums up the caSe, And calls on wisdom to decide From counsel heard on either side. Wisdom attends, but first with awe Adjusts his wig, then gives the law ; Let Reason early take the rein. And over Sense its sway maintain ; For, if loo close your joys you cluster. You 'II find they 'II lose their wonted lustre. Leaving behind the sad remains Of gaUing grief and endless pains. R. T. Columbian Centinel. For Sale, The well known FARM in Dover, occupied for the lait fourteen years by the subscriber, containing about V^' acres, well located in a square, bounded on the soull, Cochecho river, and on the east by Fi'esh creek, on wli is a tide will, with an apparatus fur pounding and griiui.. plaster. The Buildings consist of a large two story Ki :> House, of4(i feet by 38, with awing of 20 by 16, all wi I finished, adjoined to which is a shed 34 feet by 14, con- necting the cider house 27 by 37, two stories, with ohl plastered room, where all the spinning and weaving i done lor the family ; two Barns, one of which is 100 lli by 42, with two wings of about 40 feet each, one employ ed as a stable, the other for a sheepfold, with a good y 0 1 well walled in; the other is aStoie Barn of 45 feet square, of 16 feet post, and will contain 60 tons of hay ; a pig gury of 50 feet by 30, with a cellar of 18 feet square un der it, with boilers set to make soap, brew, and cook fo swine. The fields are divided by permanent stone walls and consist of one of 40 acres in front of the house, OEi of 17 on the East, one of 10 acres on the North, (princi pally orchard,) one of 15 Northeast, and one of 30 acre West of the house, with three pastures of 20 to 25 acre each. The Farm has been gradually improving for the la; ten years, and tlie two last has cut each year one hue dredtons of hay, and 20 to 25 tons of thatch. It is on d a half miles froii, the village of Dover, which affort a good market. There has been planted some hundrei of Fruit Trees, principally Apple, many of which ai grafted — with Pears, Cherry, Plum, Peach and Quinx trees, and many in bearing, with a small nurseiy. The terms of sale may be known by applying to Maj Andrew Pierce, of Dover, Mr S.\muel. Lord, Portsmouth, or the subscriber on the premises. June 11. WILLIAM FLAGG. 'THE WAR IN THE JERSEYS.' From various nccounts it appears that the warfare between the friends and foes of distilled spirits is carried on in a spirited inanner in New Jersey. One light skirniisb is reported of rather an amusing character. Several kniglits of the puncheon who bad been annoyed by a cold water company, conceived tlie design of making their favorite beverage the weapon of its own defence. Thinking the artillery as irresistible by others as by themselves, they actually invaded the dwelling of one of their principal antagonists, a clergyman, with a barrel of rum. This piece of ordnance was planted in the front of the door, aiul a depu- tation sent in.forhis surrender. A barrel of rum, they thought, was certaitdy a present, which even a preacher of rigliteonsness and temperance conkl not refuse. In ptiis they were not deceived. ■ It was most politely accepted, and with many thanks. The deputation eyed each other with significant gratulation. The fortre.ss was gained. But, alas! the triumph of the wicked is short. What was their astonishment when the clergyman continued, 'Here, Thomas, bring the a,\e.' 'Twas a word and a blow. In went the barrel liead, and out gushed the rum. The victory was on the other side, and the clergyman declared his door-yard a depository for all the rum in the country, free of storage, and axes furnished to boot. Spirit of Monmouth and Trenton!. If the Jerseymen go on at this rate the victory will be theirs, without blood shed, though not without rum shed ; and though 'distilled spirits should be' poured on to 'the land' instead of being ' banished from it,' we are not certain tliat we should find fault with thi mode of warfare if the soil does not suffer. — Genius of Temperance. JVew Work on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connect with the New England Farmer Office, No. 52 Nor Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or. Farriery taught on a nt and easy plan : being a treatise on all the diseases a accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the causes a symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies e ployed for the cure in every case ; with instructions to I Shoeing-Smith, Farrier, and Groom, how to acqu knowledge in the art of Farriery, and the i)reventior Di-eases. Preceded by a popular description of the a mal functions in health, and showing the principles which these are to be restored when disordered. By Jc Hinds, Veterinary Surgeon. With considerable additii and impiovements, particularly adapted to this count by Tliomas M. Smith, Veterinary Surgeon, and MemI of the London Veterinary Medical Society. Price f" Culture of Silk. For gale at the Seed Store connected wilh the N England Farmer, 52 North Market-street — Essays on .American Silk, and the best means of ri dering it a source of individual and national wealth ; u Directions to Farmers for raising Silk Worms — Byl' D'Homergue, Silk Manufacturer, and Peicr S. Du !'■ ceau — Price 62| cents. Also, Directions for the Rearing of Silk V.'orms, E the Culture of the White Mi;lberry Tree. Published the Pennsylvania Society associated for the Promot [ of those objects, (an excellent, plain, practical work.' ' Price 25 cents. TVnnted In a Book and Job Printing Office, in Boston, 1 Apprentices. Those from the country would be preferr Apply to Mr J. B. Russell, at the New En- land Si Store, No. 52 North Market Street. Oct. 2(i Perfection. — To arrive at perfection, a man should have very sincere friends, or inveterate enemies ; because he would be made sensible of his good or ill conduct, either by the censures of the one, or the admonitions of the other. I'ubli^l,ed every Friday. ;t g5 j cr anrcni. 1 .•.\;,l,le :•• and of the year-but those wlio pay within si.xty days fron time offubscribing, are entitled to a deduction nl'lifly c Q^ No paper will be sent to a distance without pn\- being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Rcssell, by I. R. Binrs — by v all descriptions of Printing can be executed to mei t wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by .i Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. fi2 J>' Market Street. agents. Nem York — G. Thurbuen & Sons. 67 Liberly-strcel. f'h'liiilcljihia—]). & C Landheth.SS Chosliiui-sireet. Unit, more— Q. n. Smith, Office ol ihe American Fanner. A'liami — Hon. Jesse Huel. Flushing, .V Y. Wm. Prince & Sons, Prop. Lis. Cot. G: KiiW/iir D . ,„ .!,:„ .,„,.» „<■ from w iich important results may be expected, m The Rose Bug was a stranger to this part ol i . ' „.,.,,■' „ ., . ., , ■ . ,1 I ,„)•„„ I favor of a country aftlK-ted with the ravages of war the country until three years smce, and 1 believe i , .,, •" , , , . ,, ? .,. . ,. . , , . <• .1 • land sti I more perhaps by the k e and mi itary at this tune has never been seen west of this, I , . , , ' , \ f , /•, ,.,..,. u 1 , .„ »i „► • ,,!,„: habits which have resulted from them. Gregory while It has been very abundant to the east, in the i „ , . , „ , /-, , , , . . - „ 1 1 J • ti i.„. „„„ Palaiologiie, one oi the young Greeks, who has state of Pennsylvania, where during the last sea-. ,*' z- . , , • ■ ... , . .. , ■ • 11 ., „„ ,i.„ pursued a course of agricultural studies at the son, It directed its attacks principally upon the , r . . ,. r. m • ^ ■ i i- . , , I I J i ] institution ol Roville in trance, has returned to his sassafras, and the rose. I . . . , ■ ■ ■ , , /. . ™, i ,, , , , ,, ' country, m order to devote his knowledge, perfect- The Bee Moth was unknown here, except by ,,•',' ^ , ■ , i ., , , I -. 1 •. ed by the management of a large agricultural es- renort, until the last summer, wlien it began its ^ , ,.-', i • i i i i c i "i . i • ,^\. , , 11 J tabhshment which had been confided to him m depredations upon the late and weak swarms, and. • . ., i «, <- i • , ' , ' ^ , Corsica, to tlie lienent oi his country. destroyed many of them Very respectfullv yours. JARED P. KIRTLAND. He em- barked with a considerable provision of implements, seeds, &c, supplied by the committee at Paris. Ca- po D'lstria has placed at his disposal a national domain situated between the village of Dalmanara, and the ruins of the ancient Tyrinthus, for the pur- His first care will be the SUN-FLOWER SEED OIL. It has been often said, and truly too, that ' this J pose of a model farm country has a resource for everything, within her- | sowing of the grain brought with him, the crea- self Our territory exposes some surface to every ] tion of a nureery, and the tillage of the ground by climate, and those t'oreign productions which we | instruments unknown in that country. Prospects of have not already succeded in acclimating, our cit- extensive benefit attach themselves to the institu- izens are daily and successfully exercising them- tion of Palaiologue. It must become a focus of selves in finding substitutes for. hgl't, which will distribute throughout Greece In this pursuit, our enterprising citizen, Charles , the knowledge requisite to the successfiil cultiva- A. Barnitz, Esq. has rendered himself prominent ; tion of a soil so long watered with human blood.' by his suecess in the culture and expression of the But many years must still elapse before this desira- 154 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 3, 1830. l)le object can be comiileted. Europe, in deliver- ing Greece has not finislied its work. Enriched by the arts oF peace, is it not our duty to devote II portion of what they have furnished us to enable our brethren of the east to enjoy its benefits ? — Rev.Encyc. Mars. 1830. From tlie Wesleyan Methodist Magazine. OBSERVATIONS ON PROGNOSTICATIONS OF THE WEATHER. By the Rev. Adam Clarke, L. L. D. F. .1. S. From my earliest childhood I was bred up on a httle farm, which I was tauglit to care for, and cultivate ever since I was able to spring the rattle, use the wliip, manage the sickle, or handle the spade ; and as I found that mucli of our success depended on a proper knowledge and management of the weather, I was led to study it ever since I was eiglit years of age. I believe Meteorology is a natural science, and one of the first that is studied ; and that every child iu the country makes, un- taught, some progress in it: at least so it was with ine. I had actually learned, l)y silent observation, to form good conjectures concerning the coming weather, and, on this head, to teach wisdom among those who were perfect, especially among such as had not been obliged like me to watch earnest- ly, tliat what was so necessary to the family sup- port, should not be spoiled by the weather before it was housed. — Many a time, even in tender youth, have I watched the heavens with an.xiety, e.xamined the difterent appearances of the morn- ing and evening sun, the phases of the moon, the .scintillation of the stars, the course and color of the clouds, the flight of the crov/ and the swallow, the gambols of the colt, the fluttering of the ducks, .iiid the loud screams of the senmew — not forget- ting even the liuc and croaking of the frog. From the little knowledge I had derived from close ob- servation, I often ventured to direct our agricul- tural operations in reference to the coming day.s, and was seldom much mistaken in my reckoning. When I thought I had a pretty good stock of ) a ^ ^ 3 C-o w Cl *. M o P ^ p p p ^ ^' 5 3 3, o a, c >5 X- p 5? CJ^ ^ ^ ^ n o 3 3§- o > "3. 1 1 5' s; £3 ? p p" s g g s. 3 a B- p* r and f wind w. orsn.if s to. • and fro s 3 5 cr5' 3 c 5 => 2 5 e- ^ ^i p b - 1 ? « =; p. a 3 ^ ? i OBSERVATIONS. 1. The nearer the time of the Moon's Change, First Quarter, Full and Last Quarter, are to Mid- night, the fairer will the weather be during the seven days following. 2. The space for this calculation occupies from ten at night till two next morning. 3. The nearer to Mid-day, or Noon, the phases of the Moon happen, the more foul or wet weath- er may he expected during the next seven days. 4. The space for this calculation occupies from ten in the fcrenoon to two in the afternoon. These observations refer ])rincipally to Summer, though they affect Spring and Autumn neatly in the same ratio. 5. The Moon's Change, — First Quarter, — Full, — and Last Quarter, happening during six of the afternoon hours, i. e. from four to ten, may he fol- lowed by fair weather ; but this is mostly depcn. dent on the wind, as it is noted in the Table. 6. Though the weather, from a variety of irreg- idar causes, is more uncertain in the latter part of Autumn, the whole of Winter, and the begin ning of Spring; yet, in the main, the above obser- vations will apply to those periods also. 7. To prognosticate coircctly, especially in those cases where the toinrf is concerned, the obser- ver should be within sight of a good va7ie, where the four cardinal points of the heavens are correct- ly placed. With this precaution he will scarcely ever be deceived in depending on the Table. Pre.tervalion of iron from rust. — A mastic or I ering for this ]>urpose proposed by M. Zemi sanctioned by the Societe'd' Encouragement, I follows : eighty parts of pounded brick, piJ through a Silk Sieve, are mixed with 20 pap litharge ; the whole is then rubbed up bjj muller with Unseed oil so as to form a thick It is said that the late Dr Datwin, haying made an apjiointment to take a country jaunt with some friends on the ensuing day, but perceiving that the weather would be unfavorable, sent as an excuse for not keeping his promise, a poetical epistle con- taining an cn«mei-a(i07i of mo^f of the signs of ap- proaching ill weather. — 1 have enlarged these by adding several new ones, and remodelling others;; and subjoin it as very useful, and a thing easy tc be remembered. SIGNS OF APPROACHING FOUI. WEATHER. The hollow winds begin to blow ; The clouds look block, the glass is low ; Tlie soot falls doion, the spaniels sleep ; And spiders from their cobwebs peep. Last night the sun went pale to bed ; The moon in halos hid her head. The boding shepherd heaves a sigh. For see, a rainbow spans the sky. The walls are damp, the ditches smell. Closed is the pink eyed pimpernell. Hark ? how the chairs and tables crack, OldBsTTTi's joints are on the rack: , Her corns with shooting pains torment her. And to her bed untimely sent her. Loud quack the ducks, the sea fowl cry. The distant hills are looking nigh. How restless are the snorting swine 1 The busy flies disturb the kine. Low o'er the grass the swallow wings. The cricket too, how sharp he sings ■' Puss on the hearth, with velvet paws. Sits wiping o'er her whiskered jaws. The smoke from chimneys right ascends ; Then spreading, back to earth it bends. The wind unsteady veers around, Or settling in the South is found. Through the clear stream the fishes rise. And nimbly catch the incautious ^j'es. The gloiv worms, numerous, clear and bright. Illumed tlie dewy hill last night. At dusk the squahd toad was seen, Like quadruped, stalk o'er the green. The whirling wind the dust obeys. And in the rapid eddy plays. The frog has changed his yellow vest, And in a russet coat is dressed. The sky is green, the air is still ; The mellow blackbird's voice is shrill. The dog, so altered is his taste, Quits mutton bones, on grass to feast. Behold the rooks, how odd their flight. They imitate the gliding kite. And seem precipitate to fall, As if they felt the piercing ball. The tender colts on back do lie. Nor lieed the traveller passing by. Infiery red the sun doth rise, Then wades through clouds to mount the skiesj| 'Twill surely rain, we see't with soriow, No workingin the fields tomorrow. Hoping that this paper will be of some use to country readers, I am, dear sir, yours truly, AD.\M CLARHiferi Vol. IX.— No. 20. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 15.5 whicli may be ililutcrl with Spirit of turpentine; before it is npplieil the iron should bo well cleaned. From an experience of two year?, upon locks exposed to the air, and watered daily with Salt ■water, after being covered with two coats of this mastic, the good eftectsofh have been thoroughly proved. — Bull. d'Encour. Jan. 1830. CROUP. We are not going to present to our readers a new and sovereign remedy for the croup ; one which never ftuls until it is tried, and then is found, at the particular juncture, to be utterly inert or jirejudicial. We leave discoveries of this nature to ahnauacs, and books on popular medicine. Our design at this time is to call the attention of mothers to the means of prevention, which they have in their own power. But first, let us ask them — for however preposterous the question may seem, the conduct of many of tliem justifies it — When a child is nearly sulibcatcd or actually dead from croup, does the mother derive consolation in her alarm and grief, by reflecting that the dear little one has been always dressed in the latest fashion, with very full and short sleeves, and low breast ? She may, in reply, accuse us of sporting with her feelings — well then, we take the liberty of telling her, that she trifles with them herself, and endangers, if she does not actually sacrifice the life of her child, by laying bare its little bosom and shoidders, which are among the most sensitive parts of the skin. And what is the reason of this exposure.^ None. What the excuse? Because tJie little dear looks so well in this dress ; that is, in (act, because it is made to look like a diminutive woman, a new variety of the sj)ecies ; neither child or adult; neither natural or graceful. Some as- sign a better motive, viz : in order to accustom the child to resist the vicissitudes and inclemencies of the seasons. — 'The intention, though good, is not adapted to the variable climate of this country; and its adoption, the rest of tlie body being at the same time covered with warm clothing, renders the chest more susceptible of injury. Inflammato- ry diseases do unquestionably ollen arise from tliis exposure, wljich might be avoided even by a slight covering of muslin. Lentin, a celebrated German physician, as well as many of our own countrymen, are of o]iinion that croup is not nn- frequently thus produced.' These remarks of an English writer, are strictly applicable to our cli- mate and its inhabitants. — Journal of Health. RUINED BY HARD STUDY. The history of very many of our students might be briefly told. A lad is sent to college, and after afew mouths he returns, pale, emaciated, and puny. Immediately a general lamentation is raised among the circle of friends, that the dear youth is ruining himself with hard study. It is high time that both friends and the public should be disabused on this subject. The truth is, in most cases, hard study has had little or nothing to do wuh the business. He may have studied well or he may not ; but this is not tlie ground of the difficulty. He has indu ed his youthful appetite, without regard to even the common rules of discretion. At the same time, he has indulged in indolent habits, neglecting e.xor cars of a young student in the report that ho is ru- ining himself by hard study, that be feels almost willing to endure his snflerings ; and as ho looks in the glass, he thinks ho can discern in his pale fea- tures, i)laiu indications of future greatness. Where- as, if ho would learn to read aright, he would only discern indications of present imbecility, and future worth Icssncss. Only convince the young gentle- man, that it will not be fatal to his scholastic dig- nity to bestir himself a little, and live and act like other people, and at the same time put a little re- straint upon his gluttonous propensities, and the blush of health, and strength of limb, will soon re- turn ; and with them will return that energy of mind which will qualify hint to study to some pur- pose.— Christian Mirror. Cobhett's Corn. — Cobbett's Corn is this year a comi)lete failure, even worse in gardens than it was last year upon farms, none ripened in the fields; but in gardens in favorable situations some was saved which looked perfect, but when sown this spring, has not vegetated, to the full amount of three fourths of seed. — London paper, March of Intelligence. — This is truly the march of intelligence. The following is an extract from a Liverpool paper : It is said that a new telegraphic system is about to be established in France, which will be at the service of the public, like the post oflice. The results will be most important to the commer- cial world ; for it is calculated that a despatch con- taining several lines, which would traverse a dis- tance of one hundred leagues in a few moments, would cost hut 20 francs. M. Ferrier do Dra- puignan, the inventor of this new system, proposes shortly to organise a line of telegraphs from Paris to Havre. Several experiments have been already made, in the presence of persons appointed by the govermcnt, and they are said to afford every pros- pect of the success of the plan. MISERIES or A RICH MAN. Who is dogged in the streets and knocked down at midnight ? The rich man. Whose house is broken into by robbers ? The rich man's. Who has his pockets cut out, and his coats spoiled in a crowd ? The rich man. Who is in doubt whether people are laughing at him, in their sleeves, when they are eating his dinner ? The rich man. Who adds to his trouble by every story which he adds to his house ? The rich man — for the higher he ascends, the colder is the atmosphere. A bank breaks, and who suffers ? The rich stockholder and depositer. War blows his horn, and who trembles ? Death approaches and who fears to look him in the face ? Why, the rich man — and yet all the world envies the rich. Depend upon it the length of your face will always be proportion- ed to the length of your purse. If you live in a two-story houso, be thankful, and not covet the loftier mansion of your neighbor. You but dishon- or yourself, and insult your destiny, by fretting and repining Morn. Cour. Itching Feet. — Among the minor evils to which the human frame is subject there are few more tor be well rubbed for a night or two before going to bed, and perfect relief will be expiu'icnced. Th« application must of course be made before the skin breaks, and it will be found not only to allay the itching, but {o prevent the farther progress nt the chilblains. — The feet may be a little tender lor a short time, but this slight inconvenience will soon disappear. — Wci« Bedford Courier. Science in Madrid. — There are in the city of Ma- drid three distinct establishments for instruction in the Sciences. The first is the Museum of Natu- ral Sciences, which is divided into two parts ; the Museum, which contains a beautifiil cabinet of natural history including one of the richest collec- tions of minerals in the world. The Botanic Gar- den, containing a rich collection, among which is the Flora of Bogota, Santa Fc, &c. Second the Con- servatory of Arts and Trades, including models of the various kinds of machinery, &c. cise, or taking it so irregularly as to do him more j menting than that of violent itching of the feet, hurt than good. And very possibly, too, he niay ,iu,;i,g severe frosty weather, caused by incipient have learned the very gentlemanly habits of drink- chilblains. The following specific is so simjile ing wine, if nothing worse, a;id smoking, chewing, i and cheap, that no person ought to be ignorant of and snufling tobacco. And no wonder he looks pale. | it ; it is merely one part muriatic acid, mingled Meanwhile there is something so pleasant to the -vvith seven parts water, whh which the feet must Two barns of Maj. A. Goodwin of S. Berwick, were burnt night of 18th, with 100 tons hay, several of barley, and six large oxen : loss $20C;0 no insurance. In Wake Co. N. C. a pumpkin weighing 86 lbs. and measuring 5 feet 2 inches round, was raised last season. Chevalier de Rivafinoli, agent of a LondLii Mining Co. has arrived in North Carolina with .t number of Germans, and is making extensive arrangments for mining. The Bath (Me.) Gazette is to be discontinued by the present publisher, who believes he can do better in other business, although with prompt payment, it would have given him a rc;asonaijle support. Mr Bouvier, Philadelphia, has made 16 pieces of furniture, surpassing anything of the kind in the President's House. They were ordered by a lady in the West Indies or S America, in the coffers of whose late husband, immense riches were found. Militia officers in the Western part of New- York, are holding meetings to petition Congress to modify the Militia system. The body of a man who fell from the steam" boat Ohio, Oct. G, near Poughkcepsie, was found a few days after and decently interred at Milton, N.Y. is that of Mr. Thos. Harrison, of Yorkshire, Eng. in the employ of Admiral Coffin, and hart (diarge of the celebrated horses, Serab, Barefoot, and Cleveland Bay. He is supposed to have fallen Over when asleep. Letters from France to some of the English editors seem to imply that the elements so suddenly quietei!, still heave a little. A good many English travellers h^vn hurried home, thinking it best to scud before a squall. These fears may be without foundation; they are foun'J- ed on the restlessness of the republican party, impatient under a government that even bears the name of mon- rchy, and the malicious instigations of the old royalists, aho try to foment faction, in order to answer their own wrposes. It is said the age of salmon is marked by circles in the back-bone, as the age of trees is by the concentric rings in the heart ; every year adds a circle. Extraordinary speed of a Steam Carriage. — In the London Globe and Tiaveller of the 14th oi 0<^t. is the following article taken from the Taunton Courier. ' UnparalielUd Steam Engine Trip. — Mr Stepenson, the proprietor of the Racket Engine, on the Manchester and Liverpool Rail Way, had this week decided in his fa- vor a wager of one thousand guineas upon the speed 'A his Engine by traversing the distance between the two towns, (thirty twomiles) in thirty thre-e minutes — [or in other words, at more than 58 miles per hour.] AN EXCURSION ON THE HUDSON. LETTER II. l^R Fessenden — Dear Sir — The mansion liouse at Hyde Park is elevated about 200 feet above the surface of tlie river. With its two wings it presents a noble front of 136 feet, and is two stories above the basement. The centre or principal building, has a piazza on botli fronts: the west front is open to the Hudson, and the east looks over a spacious, beautiful lawn towards the turnpike from New York to Albany. The hall, and several apart- ments above and below, are warmed by heated air from a coal furnace in the basement story. The south wing contains a rich and well selected library, consisting of 4 or 5000 vols, purchased at the expense of 820,000. Here is to be found a collection of works iu every branch of litera- ture. In no private library is there a more com- plete collection of European and American |)eri- odical Journals; scarcely a production of merit of this description, but may be found in this collection, an(l the number is constantly increas- ing; The Dr has also in his hall and gallery, a valuable collection of paintings, by the first artists both ancient and modern. At a proper distance north from the house, is situated the coach house and stable, built of stone in a chaste style of Grecian simplicity, and is 61 feet in front by 40 deep. At an equal distance south, is to be seen the green house and hot house, a spacious edifice, constructed with great architectural taste and elegance, and well calculated for the preservation of the most tender exotics that require [)rotection in our climate. It is composed of a centre and two wings, extending 110 feet iu front and from 17 to 20 feet deep. One apartment is appro- priated to a large collection of pines. Among the rich dis|(Iay of rare shrubs and plants, are the magnolia graudiflora, the splendid strelitzia, the fragrant farnesiana, and a beautiful tree of the Fieus elastica or Indian rubber, about 8 feet high, 5 years old. Contiguous to the green house is an extensive ornamental garden, in which is arrang- ed in fine style, a beautiful variety of trees, shrubs and flowers ; among which stands that glory of the forest, the magnolia glauca, bearing large wliite flowers, perfuming the atmosphere with a delightful fragrance. The forest trees which sur- round the domicile are identically the natives which are found in our forest; some of the oaks arc a century in age, and all are large and so grouped and intermingled over the lawn, as to present at every step the most fantastic views that can attract the pencil of the artist. From the piazza, and from the bank on the west side of the house wo have a charming view, extending the opposite side of the river, of the blue summits of the Catskill mountains, and many gentlemen's seats, and cultivated farms. Whether indeed we direct the eye across the river, or glance over its surface north or south, we have a variegated land- scape embracing the borders of the noble Hudson, from 20 to 40 miles in extent. In either direction the curling colunms of smoke announce the ap- proach of the Fidton arks, their decks covered with tn assembled multitude, and impelled with astonishing speed, the bosom of the stream seem- ing to swell with pride as if conscious of the ▼alue of the burden it sustains. From the house, gravelled walks diverge and extend in opposite directions netuly half a mile, exhibiting a diver- sified scenery of hills and dales, now descending NEW ENGLAND FARMER. loping declivity on the verge of a precipice, again ascending to a commanding plain, opening a scene of unrivalled beauty. At the termination of these romantic walks fanciful pavilions are erected, where visitors may contemplate a capti- vating display of nature's magnificence in these regions of wonder. From the turnpike road there are two gates of entrance into the premises, about half a mile from each other, and a porter's lodge is connected with each gate. The north lodge is 19 by 31 feet, with a portico projecting over the north and south fronts, each supported by 4 Grecian Doric columns. Two wings project from the sides, which serve as lodging rooms. This little building has been much and deservedly admired for its architectural beauty. The en- trance gate is finished in a very neat and impos- ing stylo of architecture. Mr Thompson of New York,' is the skilful architect em|)loyed in the con- struction of these buildings. The south lodge, connected with a neat gateway, with the improve- ments of the surrounding grounds, present a very picturesque appearance. This is the most com- manding point from which to view advantageously the mansion, green house, stable, and out houses, which appear at considerable distance from each other in the extensive lawn. This avenue to the mansion is over a stone bridge, crossing a rapid stream precipitated from the milldams above, and falls in a cascade below. The winding of the road, the varied surface of the ground, the bridge, and the falling of the water, continually vary the prospect and render it a never tiring scene. AgncuUure. — Hyde Park estate consists of ^ tract of about 800 acres of excellent land, border- ing on the Hudson one mile and half, and extend- ing one mile back from the river ; the turnpike from New York to Albany passing through the premises. The farm comprises every variety of soil and aspect, and has not been exhausted by cultivation. It is well wooded and supplied with numerous unceasing springs of pure water. A creek also meanders through the farm, furnishing falls well calculated for manufactories and mill seats, and being dammed at proper places, forms excellent pickerel and trout ponds. The 500 acres under culture yield large crops of hay and grain, and the soil is adapted to the jjroduction of every article of luxury and convenience which man can desire. l)r Hosack commences his labors with characteristic ardor, and evinces a fine taste for agricultural pursuits. His improve- ments are not only in the buildings he has erected, and the embeUishments of the pleasure grounds, but in the more solid operations of the farm, as levelling hills and precipices, opening roads and avs-nues, erecting briilges and turning water courses. Many acres of rugged, hilly land hither- to deemed almost inaccessible to the plough or not worth the labor, have this season been subdued, the stones worked into wall and the soil sowed with rye. Slock. — This consists of short horned Durham, Devonshire, Alderney and Holderness, all recently imported. His flock of sheep consisting of COO, are Merino, riaxonand Bakewell. Besides these, the Dr has lately imported the Welsh, so highly celebrated for its mutton. Having been careful to introduce the best breeds, he is no less attentive in preserving them unmixed, by which he renders an important service to other cultiyators. In front of his house, on the lower bank of the river, he has a park stocked with deer, and at present Dec. 3, 1830- accompanied by 16 Saxon bucks and a pair of Surat goats. The buildings, comprising the farm yard, consists of barns, stables, low sheds, calf and sheep pens, cider house, having a cellar to contain 100 barrels, and wagon house forming the three sides of a hollow square of about 175 feet. The centre of the yard is dished out for the manure, over which is erected a covering in the form of an umbrella, about 40 feet diameter, to prevent evaporation, and serve as a tem|)orary shelter for cattle and a roost for poultry, &o. The excavation is so contriveil as to keep the yard dry, and no manure is \>asted, the liquid part being conveyed by a covered drain into the kitchen garden, and nursery. The sheep yard is located between the barn and garden, and a spacious room is provided beneath the barn for the ewes and their young when their condition requires a shelter. The hog pens are admirably alculated for the accommodation of about 70 swine, and to keep the different breeds separate, having a cooking ai)[)aratus in the rear. Tlie/ar?» house stands a small distance, from the farm yard I is well arranged for the [lurpose intended. The cellar is devoted to the purpose of a dairy, being floored with stone flagging and the win- dows wired to exclude flies. On entering the dairy I was struck with a ;jiew of a novel process of butter churning. This operation is performed by a single dog. The animal is placed on a hori- zontal wheel, the surface of which is covered with coarse cloth to receive his claws, he is tied by his neck, and by pawing with all his feet, the wheel turns under him and moves a crank and shaft connected with the churndash. The dog docs not complain of his labor on the tread wheel, knowing that he is to be well fed as soon as tlie butter is produced, but he evidently appeared sheepish. Apiary. — During my visit at Hyde Park, by request of Dr H. I superintended the constructioD> of an apiary upon my improved plan. The house' is 30 feet long and two tiers in height and will! contain nearly 40 hives. The hives are furnishedl with two sliding boxes or drawers in the uppen litaa, part, glazed in front, but shielded from light they are withdrawn in the rear of the hives, audi ^f this affords the greatest facility for taking thie> udil honey without destroying tiie bees. The closn iMeJ house secures the hives from tlie ravages of tItS* iitiitt. Bee-moth aiul from the wjaiher, and may he» 'ms opened Occasionally fo? TentilKtion. It may vritli! ioiiig truth be assertod that this plant has been foundl liigliKt by experience to posBsss advantages superior ttM feilld any other. Dr H. is now in possessioN of a family! sijfc of bees without stings which were sent to Dr» itimi,; Mitchell from Mexico. He kepps Ihem in hid njiij) green house that they may enjoy an atniospliciw uirjj .similar in temperature to that in thttir nativw j. Tli climate. There is on the the stream belonging) ntj j to Dr H. the workshop of Mr Hale, the ingenious tsan] inventor of the patent rotary pump , which I inventor assured me will discharge 160 gallons minute, and will elevate a column of water the altitude of .300 feet, which he had engagi to perform for a gentleman in New York. Tl base of the machinery appears ta consist o1 circular box of brass, or other metal, furnishi with fly valves, but no description from m« ci do justice to the subject. This pi:mp may applied to ships or fire engines. Dr H. has t of them in operation, at his green house a; bathing room. On inspectiou I find that tl Uh I^M A ( Vol. IX.— No. 20. AIND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 157 ( power is iipplieil by turning a crank, and llio water mountain and placed her loot on the liousetop, lis forced out continuously. The principal part j gave nie a glowing description. ' The view from of this hydiaulic machine is, 1 hulieve, original' the summit is most deliglitlid, but from the house with Mr Hale, aiul 1 observed to him, 'yon inventive gcr.iuses are getting the world of man- kind perfect, you leave nothing for posterity to do.' I met at Hyde Park, Mr Uennet, an English gentleman, and an eminent landscape i)aititer, who has been for some time engaged in taking landscape views of some interesting objects. Had Hasil Hall been so fortunate as to have visit- ed Hyde Park, the grand display and the gener- ous hospitality which he woidd have experienced, (M)uld not fail of reminding him of some of the noble seats in his own country, and of correcting bis imjust prejudice against ours. I was rejoiced while at Hyde Park to have an interview with an old frieiul and associate in the revoluticnary army, General iM. L. Having sus- oended oiir acquaintance for the last .50 years, uid unapprised of each others situation in life, Jiis unexpected meeting was truly gratifving. jeueral L. is one of the very few survivors of his nililary brethren, who possesses the means of uuiptuous living and domestic enjoyments. His nagiiilieent mansion is located on the banks of he lluclsou, 4 miles above Hyde Park. The front owards the river is ornamented with a colonnade, I spacious and lofty piazza walled on three sides vith Venetian blinds. From this there is a fine iew of the Catskill mountains, in all their variety nd magnificence, and an extensive landscape of aricgated scenery [leculiar to these regions Icre resides, during the summer months, tht cncrable patriarch, surrounded by objects of iteresling reminiscence, of glorious achievments nd tragical events, with which he was familiar 1 days which tried the souls of men. He prc- onted at his bountiful board a numerous family, yen to the 4th generation, and although his hair i gray, and his eyes dim, yet integrity of intellect ) [ircserveil, his war worn frame is erect, and an ctcellent spirit dwells within him. Calslcill mountains, arc on the west side of the ludson, about 110 miles above the city of New 'ork. Of these celebrated mountains, I could njoy only a distant view. They have become so luch a feshionable resort, that a splendid hotel 1 erected on the summit, elevated 2214 feet above le river. This edifice is 140 feet in length and stories high, and cost the mountain association bout .$22,000. It occupies a part of table rock, alculalcd to bo 3000 feet above the water. At latskiH dock, stages are in readiness to take par- es to the mountain house. The distance by the ircuitous road is 13 miles, although in a direct 'DC it is only 8, and is found to be a journey of hours in going and a little over two in returri- ig. This site, it is said, commands the most ex- :nsive and romantic prospect in America ; steam oats and other objects may he traced to the dis- ince of nearly 70 miles by the naked eye. ' At rst glance one would be led to believe with itaihtr Stocking, that creation was all before hiii], nd he is forced to admit that his wildest anticipa- ons are more than realized. The view from ible rock has been compared by those who have 3en both, to that from the summit of Vesuvius ▼er the bay of Naples and the adjacent coast. a features they are unlike ; but in character the ame. From this lofty eminence all inequalities f eurtiice are overlooked.' An accomplished idy in New York who has recentlv visited the top it is still more eneliaiitiiig. I saw the rising sun in all his glory, and could not wonder that the Persians worship the sun. The highlands ap- peared like small elevations and the majestic river was narrowed to a ribbon.' 1 have now detailed, perhaps too minutely, an account of the most interesting objects which engaged my attention during my excursion, and trust that my friend DrH. will require no apology for the liberty I have taken with his domains and concernments. I subscribe myself very respectfullj', Your very humble servant. JAMES THACHER. Cattle Shoio. — On the 11th ult. about 120 yoke of Working Cattle and Steers, were exhibited near the centre of Feeding Hills. Although there were no premiums offered, and only eleven days notice given, a large lunnber of farmers were as- sembled, and a very laudable interest in the exhibi- tion was manifested. Committees were appointed to examine the Cattle, and report on the six best pair of different ages. Among other advantages of the exhibition, it afforded a good opportunity for buying, selling, exchanging and mating; and it was resolved to have a similar exhibition annually, in the centre of the town of West-Springfield. — Sprinsfeld Rep. Domestic Manufactures. — Brig Hudson, which sailed from this port lately for Calcutta carried out 99,807 yards ofDomcstic Cotton valued at $8,389 98. How long, at this rate, will it be before our Commerce will siuk under the opressive weight of our Manufacturers? — Boston Centinel. Longevity of Animals. — A wrifer in the New York Times gives the following as the greatest number of years to which any of the animals have attained: the Cricket, 10 years. Spider, some- times, but seldom more than 1 year. Scorpion, 1. Kiver crayfish, 20. Carp, 100 to 150. Croco- dile, 100. Tortoise, 100. Hen, 10. Peacock, 24. Lark, IS. Sparrow hawk, 40. Goose, 50. Swan and Eagle, 100. Parrot, 110. Rabbit, 9 Goat, 10. Sheep, 10. Hog, 20. Dog, 23 to 28. Cat, IS. Squirrel, 7. Wolf and bear, 20, Fox, 15. Lion, 60. Cow, 20. Bull, 30. Ox, 19. Deer, 20. Horse, 25 to 30. Ass, 25 to 30. Camel, 50 to 60. Elephant, 150 to 200. Good Farming. — A farmer in the town of Sing Sing, N. Y. has raised during the past season up- wards of_^!ip thousand bushels of good Wheat ! The Chemung Canal passes through his land — and this is a substantial argument in favor of the benefits to be derived fjom the Canal. — Etmira Republican. HORRIBLE CASE OF HTDROPHOBIA. A correspondent of the Auburn Free Press, com- municates the following account of the termina- tion of one of those distressing cases of disease, upon which it is iiiq)ossible to reflect without a hndder. Mr Vale of the town of Ovid, Seneca Co. died of this awful and distressing disorder on Sunday, the 31st of October last, leaving a wife and one child to deplore his melancholy fate. The particulars as far as I have been able to lueed the amount gather them are as follows .-—Nine or ten weeks | hundred little borrowings previous to his death, Mr Vale discovered for the first time, that his dog exhibited sytuptonis of Hy- drophobia, and ihiidiing it unsafe that he should run at large, confined him ; but while in the act of chaining the dog, he was bitten severely on the hand. The animal was immediately Killed, and consequently did not live to prove the correctness or incorrectness of Mr Vale's suspicions. But a cow, which had been bitten by the same dog, a short time previous to his confinement, died a few days after, with every symptom of Hydrophobia, which was fearful evidence to the wretched man, that he too had within him all the elements of a (piick coming and most appalling death. Medical aid was iiinncdiatly secured, and all known speci- fics for hydrophobia put in requisition. Eight or nine weeks had passed, and he felt that he was out of danger — felt that the applicationi had the desired effect ; when he learned that the mysterious and maddening agent was at work with- in him — learned that he must die a mad man .' On Thursday evening previous to his death, while he was sitting before the fire, his mother had occasion to j)our some water into a dish before him, which caused him to shudder and catch his breath, somp- thing as a person does on being suddeidy inmieirs- ed in water. This was the first symptom he ex- ibited. Doct. Pearl, of Genoa, in this county, was called on Friday, who says that he saw nothing un- usual in the appearance of Mr V. except in the eyes, which were considerably protruded out of the head — very glassy in their appearance, and the pupils of which were very much enlarged. The patient contimied in this situation, free from pain and well at heart, until one o'clock on Sunday morning, when he suddenly sprang from his bed and exclaimed to the bystanders, (fifteen or six- teen in number, who from friendship or curiosity, remained with him through the night) — 'Clear the room! Clear the room !' They immediately with- drew, and he was confined in the room alone ! Now commenced a struggle which the pen cannot describe — the imagination cannot conceive. He raved and struggled — grated his teeth: — frothed at his mouth — and yelled most distressingly. His distorted visage, staring eyes and furious gestures, presented a spectacle, to which by those who have witnessed it, can never be forgotten. The first attack continued but a sliort time when he became more calm, and asked his friends to come into the room where he was. ' Now,' said he, ' bind me, keep away I'rom me !' Solenm and awful as was the duty, it was done as he requested, and the wretch- ed man was bound hand and foot to his bed, where with agonies, and groans, and shouts too fearful to be told and too dreadful ever to be forgotten, he died, at about 10 o'clock on Sunday morning.' BE PUNCTUAL. ' Oh ! he does not want it.* But he does want it. And even if he did not your own engagement lias nothing to do with his private circumstances. Such is the self-excuse of many a careless creditor, and such the proper answer. It is to be lamented that there is no charge to hich many, who may be good men, are more subjected, than the want of pmictuality in pay- ment of little debts. And there is no plea by which conscience is more readily satisfied, than that of the declaration that the creditor does not The same thing aiiplies to a 158 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 3, 1830. A hook is lent : it is detained until the lender is unable to recollect the name of the borrower — but then, ' he does not want it ; he has many others ; or he has read it already.' But he does want it. If he lias others, it is no reason why he shoidd not lend it to others as well as to yourself. A small subscription is dm : 'The society does not want it ; the sum is so small that it can make no difference' But the Society does want it. If every member did as you do, there woulil be no funds in the hands of the Treasurer ; and your neglect is dissolving the society as far as your own item of influence goes. That influence goes thus fiir to discourage schemes of benevolence, and to destroy public confidence. You inspired a hope which you crushed again. An Editor's payment is due : ' lie does not want it.' But he does'wdnt it. And this very plea of yours gives him more trouble than all others put together. ROXBURY. We have read Mr Dearborn's Centennial Address with much pleasure. He has taken expanded views of principles and causes, and detailed in an agreeable man- ner striking particulars ot local history. We quote a short specimen. — Jour. & Trib. ' Roxbury can number among her sons, or inhabitants, many distinguished men. It has been the favorite resi- dence of Governors Thomas and Joseph Dudley, Shirley and Barnard, when under the colonial eovernment,— and since the establishment of Independence, of the pro- scRiBEn Hancock and Ad.ims— the civil Nestor and Ulysses of the revolution, and of Bowdoin, Sumner and Euslis, forming a constellation of statesmen, wliosc ef- fulgence illumined the national route to prosperity and grandeur, and will be ever conspicuous in our historical zodiac : and here were bora Generals Warren and Heath; Warren I that immortal patriot, that eloquent advocate of (he nights of man, that dauntless soldier, that first great martyr of American Liberty. At the mention of hisven- erated name, we involuntarily tuin towards that conse- crated battle-ground where he offered up his l.le in his country's cause, and the whole story ot national advent comes "fresh and glowing upon the mind, in the mustering reminiscences of that glorious epoch. When first the May-flower on this rock bound strand Sent forth her ' few and fjithful' pilgrim band. No friendly foot stood waiting on the shore To bid them ' welcome home,' their w,.nderings o er ; To hail with joy the long expected guest From weary wanderings, to delightful rest; Where trembling joy half doubts her happy lot. Blest even in sorrows, thus to be forgot; No blazing hearth, no cheering voice of home, No temple's lofty spire nor vaulted dome. No altar-fire, no censor's breath was there. Where ro.-e the pilgrims first deep voice of prayer. But from the roofless rock their praise was poured. Where forests sighed, and answering surges roared. And astheir echoing anthem pealed on high. The startled panther howled his fierce reply; And the grim savage yelled in wild dismay. And paused to wonder, where he came to slay.' Years glide along— in silent swiftnc's plays The Change that steals away our flying days. But sadness lingered now where joy had been. And grief hung darkening o'er each sunbright scene. Then shrunk the flowers on Freedom's fairy tree, And drooped thy lofty genius. Liberty. Lon" did'st thou weep unheeded and alone, And^niourned like Memnon as each sun went down, — Ay ! wept — 'till grief to indignation turned — And strong and bright within, thy spirit burned. And then another Change came o'er the land, Where iron power had urged her stern command. VVh 're bristling bayonets gleamed from north lo south, And laws wore uttered trom the cannon's mouth ; Doomed soon to .sink beneath a criivHon flood. And unlike Draco's, be effaced in blood. site to it is the picture of an aged woman dying in neg- lected poverty. The two pictures convey an impressive lesson— may the young and fashionable lay it to their hearts. Although Mrs Hale has conti/iued this periodical a imber of^years, we do not perceive that it declines at all in interest. — lb. The last No. of the Ladies' Magazine contains a well engraved and well colored print of the fashions. Oppo- Journal of Health. — The conductors of this highly useful and valuable ])ublication, have stere- otyped the first volume, and embellished it with an elegant lithographic frontisiiiece. We feel happy to state that tliis work has already acquired great I'opulqrity, and it merits it. We cannot better express our opinion of its worth, than by borrow- ing the following from the Philudelphian. 'The ar- ticles which it contains are eagerly copied into the public prints of every description. News-papers and magazines, whether federal or republican, re- ligiou.s or irreligious, all enrich themselves from this well conducted Journal. Its language is cha.ste and scientific, without being technical, and its main subject one, about which every one daily inquires, when he meets a friend.' GOOD ADVICE TO YOUTH. Frnm a worii by Key. Ilosea Hildceth, of Gloucester, recently pulilislied. It is highly important, my young friends, that you early acquire and establish habits of economy in matters of expense. It is important to your own personal welfare — to your success in the world, as well as to the welfare of your country. Young people are apt to entertain extravagant and absurd notions of life — to estimate their enjoy- ments by the money they cost; to choose enjoy- ments which are expensive, and connected with display. But you may depend upon it, the most valuable enjoyments arc easily obtained ; they cost but little money, and are within the reach of all, of the poor as well as of the rich. If a person's de- sign is to secure such privileges and enjoyments only as arc connected with virtue, with sobriety, intellectual improvements, and elevation of charac- ter, he may carry his designs into operation with very limitedjfimds. It is dissipation, sensual enjoy- ments, enjoyments which have no good moral tendency — it is such enjoyments as these that cost money and very often put young persons upon disagreeable and dishonorable expedients to meet their expenses. The truth is, men's dispensable wants, wants which their own folly have created or which the absurd customs of society have im- posed— these wants are all expensive ; and they do more than a little to prevent young people rising in the world — to bring on failures, dis- couragements, habits of intemperance and crimes. A hank of silk, produced by a single worm, was lately reeled in the presence of several gen- tlemen, in Bolton, which was 365 yards in length, and, on being weighed was found to be the texture of 1,500 hanks in the lb. A single lb. of this silk would reach 716 miles. The worm was only seven days ill spinning the hank, con.sequently produced at the rate of 52 yards per diem. Tho Indian Head Woollen Factories, at Dunstable, N. H. whose operations have been suspended, have been sold for $90,000. The new owners are to be called the Jackson Company. President, David Sears; Directors, I Samuel Applelon, Amos Lawrence, Ebenczcr Francis, I and Daniel Abbott. The history of the late memorable events in France have been published in Paris on tii-colored paper ; one third red, one third blue, and one third white. Messrs Carter & Hcndee, of this city liave had this woik translated, and we understand it will be published jn a few days on tri-colored paper. FOR THE NEW ENGLANO FAR.MER. FRUITS. Mr Fessenden — I have thought the following information might be acceptable. Harrison's large fall pear of Coxe is synony mous with Rushmore's Autumn lionchrelien, and i was once intimated to me by a Bostonian, that h' thought the Mogul Summer of that vicinity, to bi identical also. — I send you a description of it.' Catawba grapes have been sold in large quanti ties in the New York markets the present seasor brought from the adjacent vineyards, and readi brougiit 25 cts. per lb. f The Blue Pearmain, the fruit of which was exl hibited to me when last at Boston, is identical wit' ' the Flushing Spilzenburgh. Yours respectfully, WM. ROBERT PRINCE teitift fnil. lii- ClvSpl llf.ft * This description we have been obliged to defer thi^ week. + The Catawba Grapes have sold in the Boston Fam euil Hall market readily this autumn, at 37^ cts. per lb from Mr Seaver's Garden, at Roxbury — the Isabell: (which is now much more abundant here) at 25 cts. ; th' white Sweetwater at the same price — Editor. Jfkite Mulberry seed. — Owing to the early frost in Connecticut, which prevented the ripening o the fruit, the usual crop of White Mulberry Seei has been wholly cut off. We advise our friend in the country to be cautious in their purchase of this seed, as a large quantity of old seed is, w( understand, hawked about the country, as fresh This seed will not vegetate when one year old Wc shall endeavor to get some from the Souti that may be relied upon. In the mean time W' advise all farmers who have large white mulberr. trees, in bearing, to save all the seed in futur seasons, as it will no doubt continue to be in grea demand for several years. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Saturday, November 27, 1830. F R u ITS. Pears. — Mr R. F. Phipps, of Charlestown, pre sented a specimen of the Royale d'lliver, from tree received from Vilmoriii and Andrieux, c Paris. This fruit was in eating, under size, bi from its close resemblance to the character of tlip pear, was thought to be genuine. Apples. — Mr Stejihen Chase, of Fryehurg, Mp' presented by Mr Charles Tappan, a specimen of fine seedling apnle, who suggested that it shonl be called the ' Fessendf.n Apple,' in conqilimer to the worthy editor of the New England Farniei in which the committee most willingly concui They are said to have originated in that town, an were of very pleasant flavor and fair appearance re|)resented by Mr Chase as keeping till March who thinks the properties of this variety tend t controvert the theory of Coxe, that apples of goO' flavor cannot be raised in Maine. It is to be hopei that the result of the exertions of that gentlemai and others, who are engaged in ameliorating lb qualities of the fruits of that State, may rende such an opinion general. Oy* The season has now arrived when it is ro quisite to suspend the weekly exhibitions of fruitf- &c, till the Spring ; should, however, any indi viduals have any of the new, or valuable late va rieties, they are solicited lo send specimen; they may come into eating, to the Hall of the So ciety for examination. In behalf of the Committee on Fruits. ELIJAH VOSE. mi, n M !ke«i ijnii It), a iAU !|llltt iovei i»lJt» St Vol. IX.— No. '20. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 159 Prospectus of llic J\'aturalist, A I'erioilicnl rublication. Till- Subscriber proposes to compile .1 work of the above ^lesciiption, treating on the three kingilonis of Nature— «a<-li number to be accompanied with a LilfHigraphic Print. The work will be diviJed into three departments, via :— I. Zoo/ogy.— In treating of an animal, will be given its •cl&ssifijration and habitation ; describing its properties, xises, modes of existence, arras of defence, and the sev- eral advantages to which it may be subject. II. Ilotany. — In treating of "a vegetable, will be given its classific.ition, habitation, geographical situation, and duration ; describing its properties, uses, the nature of its substance, and other circumstances relative to vegetable Physiology. III. .Mineralogy. — In treating of a mineral, will be fivon its classification and the place where it is found ; escrilting its properties, uses, manipulation, and tlie oth- er important chemical changes to whichit may be subject. It is evident that a work of the above description may be cajried to an indefinite extent, that its continuance, of course, depends on the patronage of which it may be deemed worthy. It will be compiled from the best wri- i.in the subject ; and it will be the object of the editor to u-c his utmost exerfions to render the work useful and interes(ii>g. Those who may subscribe for the proposed work, may rest assured that its design shall be justly falfilled. DANIEl, JAY BROWNE. £osto}i, Oct. 27, 1830. CONDITIONS. Tlie work will be published monthly, in an 8vo. form, anpjper of a superior quality, making a volume of about •100 pages. The price to subscribers will be Two Dollars » j'ear, to he paid on the receipt of the first number. §100. Premium Butter. December 4. In consequence of the appointment of the 2d day of December for a day of Thanksgiving in this Common- .vealth, the examination of the butter otT* red for premium s postponed till Friday, the third day, [THIS DAY] and m SATURDAY, the fourth, at 11 o'clock, A. M. at ^UIXCY H.VLL, will be sold at public .auction, several housand pounds of BUTTER, put up in kegs for family ise, and with the expectation of gaining the premium, rhough all cannot gain the prize, it is hoped all will find generous market, and that there may be herealter, as low, a multitude of competitors from Pennsylvania to ilaine. Per order of the Committee. BENJ. GUILD. Earli/ Top or Tree and Potato Onions. Just received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 Jorth Market Street— A quantily of Early Top or Tree seed Onions. Those roduce onions at the bottom and a bunch of small ones Q the top of the seed stalk. The small onions are proper ) plant very early in the spring, or in autumn, which is le best time, and seldom fail to produce a good crop under roper cultivation. They should be planted in rows ten .- twelve feet asunder, and set two or three inches apart, od one inch deep, taking care to place the bottom down- 'ards. They soon spring up, and from their size and igorous growth, are not subject to be destroyed by insects, hould they put forth seed stalks, as many of the larger ncs will.they should be broken oiFsoon after they appear, therwise the onions at the bottom will not be so large, 'hese onions are mild, grow to a large size, and are, gen- rally raised with less trouble than the common kind. Also, a few Early Potato Onions. This curious ariety of the onion is very early and mild. They should e planted in common dry situations, in the autumn, cov- red over two inches deep in gardens. Tlie small ones lould be planted out four inches apart — the large ones velve to fourteen inches. They are generally ripe bout the 10th of July, and yield eight to ten fold. Seeds for Country Dealers. Traders in the country who may wish to keep an assort- lent of Garden Seeds for sale, are informed they can be irnished, at J. B. Russell's Seed Store, connected ith the New England Farmer, 52 North Market Street, oston, with boxes of various sizes and prices, from 10 to •50, containing a complete assortment of the seeds lostly used in a kitchen garden, on as favorable terms as ley can be procured in this country, of equal quality, eatly done up in small packages, ready for retailing, with hort directions on each package for its culture and ianas^ement — warranted to be of the growth of 1830, nd of the purest quality. Nov. 5. 1i^ Morus Multicaulis, or Atew Chinese Mulberry. , ^_^ _^ \bout !)0 young trees from 2 to J fLCt high, can be supplied of this most valuable variety, lately in- tioduced to France from the Phil- hppine Islands, and found to sur- p \ss ill other kinds for silk worms. Price $& per dozen. Also 14 other varieties, the most esteemed in France, Italy, and Turkey, for the silk culture, including the lirond lubed leaned, Large oval leaved. Count Dandolo's celebrated Foglia dappia and the Tartarian, paiticularly esteemed for its peculiarly hardy character, and which would prob- ably support the winters of Lower Canada. 500 Madeira nut or Persian Walnut, 10 feet in height. Oi5- Orders received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston, by J. B.Russell. Grape Vines, ^x. For sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, an extensive assortment of Grape Vines, of both American and European sorts at nursery prices, comprising all the standard varieties, now cultivated either in the open sir or the Green House. Also Yellow Locust, Scarlet and Sugar Maple, Honey Locust, Early Washington, Blue Imperial, and Bishop's New Early Dwarf Prohfic Peas, of this year's growth. Patent Door Springs. Burwell's superior arjicle of Door Springs, on an entirely new construction, which have been most highly approved of wherever used, are now olfered for sale by J. R, New- ell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 61 and 52 North Market Street. N. B. MrSmallidge is now in the city and will per- sonally attend to the setting of them during the few days he may lemain. Nov. 26. Thanksgiving ,/lrlicles. For Sale at the New England Seed Store No. 52 North market Street, Prime Double and Single distilled Rose Water and Peach Water from Downer's garden ; price of the double distilled 50 cts per bottle — Single distilled 31 cts Peach water 31 cts. Also fresh Pulverized Sweet and Pot Herbs, from the Shakers at Harvard, packed in tin cannisters, viz. Sweet MaTJorum 37i cts. per cannister — Summer Savory 25 cts. Thyme 33 cts. — Sage 17 cts. — Tomato Mustard 50 cts. per bottle^Tomato Ketchup 33 cts. Pi-ince^s Treatise on the Vine. Just received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, .\ Treatise on the Vine ; embracing its History from the earliest ages to the present day, with descriptions of above two humlred Foreign, ant! eighty American varie- ties ; together with a complete dissertation on the Estab- lishment, Culture, and Management of Vineyards. ' Tiro Vino, too, hero lier curling tomlrih aliouts, Hangs out Iior clusti'ri glowing lo the soullj. And auarcely wishes for n wurjnor sky.' By Wm. Robert: Prince, aided by Wm. Prince, Propriefor of the Linna:an Botanic Garden. 1 vol. octa- vo, 355 pages. Price .$1,50. Oct. 29. Improved Vegetable Steamers. For Sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston, Improved Vegetable Steamers for cooking all kinds of vegetables, particularly Potatoes, They are of cast iron, of convenient size for every day use, and it is thought that any family who has once used them, and noticed the superior manner in which Potatoes are cooked in them, would consider them an indispensable article — they are of two sizes, price of the smallest 75 cts, the largest'$l,12i cts. White Mustard Seed loanted. The subscriber at the New England Seed Store, 52 North Market, Boston, is in want of White Mustard Seed, of American growth, to he well cleaned, free from must, dit t, or imperfect seed, for which he will pay 20 per cent per bushel more than the wholesale market price for European White Mustard Seed. J. B. RUSSELL. Farmers and Mechanics In the country, who are in want of good boys from the city of various ages, as apprentices, are respectfully in- formed that a register is kept at the New England Seed Store, No52 North Market Street, of the names, ages and residences of such boys, of good character, (generally oiphans or of poor parents) which is furnished by the Rev. Dr Tuckerman, general Missionary to the poor in this city. Any information will be given gratis at the Seed Store with regard to the boys, or letters can be ad- dressed (postpaid) to Rev. Dr Tuckerman, Boston. 3t. Nov. 26. Sheep for Sale. On hand and for sale 2000 fine woolled sheep of vari- ous grades from half to full blooded Merinos. Among them are about 500 Wethers and fat Ewes. 1250 Stock Ewes, (a desirable lot for persons wishing to obtain a flock,) and 250 lambs. The above will be sold on ac- commodating terms and in lots to suit purchasers on ap- plication to the subscriber in Cummington, Hampshire County, Mass. CYRUS FORD. Cummington, JVov. 4, 1830. 3t. PRICES OF COUJVTRY PRODUCE. APPLES, new, ASHES, pot, first sort, Pearl, first sort, BEANS, white, BEEF, mess, Cargo, No. 1, Cargo, No. 2, BUTTER, inspected, No. 1, new, - CHEESL, new milk, Skimmed milk, FLAXSEED, FLOUR, Baltimore, Howard-street, - Rye, best, GRAIN, Corn, Rye, Barley, Oats, HAY, HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, HOPS, Isl quality, LIME, PLA ISTER PARIS retails at POKK, clear, Navy mess. Cargo, No. I, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, Orchard Grass, Red Top (northern) Red Clover, (northern) WOOL, Merino, full blood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed. Merino, mixed with Saxony, Merino, iliree fourths wasliod. Merino, half blood, Merino, quarter, Native, washed, Pulled, La.-ni)'s, firs, sort, - Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. Pulled, " spiiniiiig, first sort, PUOVISION MARKET. I'ROK 1 TO 1 20 1 50 17 00 120 00 27 50 132 00 . &. C, Landueth.SS Chestnut-slreet. Baltimore— G. B. Smith, Office ofthe American Farmer. /1/Aa;i!/— Hon. Jesse Buel. , . „ „ jM. '" Flushing. N. y.WM.PRiNCE&SoNs, Prop. Lm.Bot. Gar* \\^ Hartford— Gooimifi & Sons. Newbunjport, Ebenezer Stedman, Bookseller. Halifax,f(. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder Offic*. Montreal, L. C— A. Bowman, Books-jller. m «wrii 'illK «nii "Hi •nil I^EW ENOI^ AND FARMER. PUBLISHEDJBYJ^RUSSELL. AT NQ^ 68 NORTH^MARKETJTREETn^TrH^^ yV^n.^ovs^)lT~^^SSE^DES:'EmrOR: VOL,. IX BOSTOIV, FRIDAY, D E C E M B E R 10, 1 8 3 O ^' vQ 'ia ai ^ Ef :i >s ii, a a ® sr 3a NO. 21. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. DISEASE IN CATTI,E, Mr Fessendev — Since iny ri'tiirii from Bos- ton, adisoasi', or o|)'Mleiiiir, has afflicted my hlooil- ed calves. On tlip niorninj; of 2Stli N'oy. on eo- in'j; inn my liani, I discovned a fine calf, '^ blood, to he in distress and frothing at the month and my first im|iression was that she was choked with a potato. I iiiiniediately sentfr.r a man who h.ad had some experience with diseases afteetin" cattle; Imt I soon discovered the ne.tt calf, which was half lilooded, affected in the same manner. I r.iinul they had severe spasms and were so nnich ■ listrcssi'd as to make them bellow. They had a ;;rcat degree of weakness in the limbs, and a loss Df appetite. I soon discovered that another fine inlf blooded bull calf was affected in some mea- inre, as he refused to eat. I then resorted to the ast volnnio of the New England Farmer, (the on- y one I possess) and there looked for the disease nd remeily ; Init I could not find anything that eemed to apply. I found the disease of Hoven, t'hich was pnduced by such causes as it did not ppear reasonable could be produced at this sea- 3n of the year ; but still I di.seovered an appa- ;nt disposition to vomit the fi)i>d which they had Uen. 1 therefore made a solution of saleratns id by the assistance of a bottle, gave to the two' •St, a portion which caused violent spasms, and five or ten tniniites sncceedeel by a profuse dis- large from the stomach, which very soon "-are lief The next morning I found the bull hi as ,d or worse state than the heifers; I ap|)lied the me solutimi ,anearances, a speedy visit from the frigid blasts of the North does not seem to be apprehended, al- though our reflection would teach us to prepare for such return ere long. Very respectfully, WM. ROBERT PRINCE. From the Southern Agriculturiat. On the Culture mid mode of Cooking the Salsify, and the drying of Peaches ; by Mrs A". Herhemont of Columbia. The last summer we had the pleasure of spend- ing a short time in the company of Mrs Heree- MONT, from whom we learned many interesting particulars relative to the culture of Flowers, &c. Her attention, liowever, is wholly bestowed on her Flower Garden and Shrubbery, butthe Kitch- en Garden, also, receives some share of it. In the course of conversation the Salsify was mentioned, and from what then passed, we have been induced to request from her, directions as to the best mode of cultivating and dressing it, and we received a few mails since, the annexed directions for that vegetable. It will bo seen that Mrs Herbemont recommends that it be sown in February ; this period is proper in the lower country for the spring crop, but it may also be sown now, and will be fit for use in the spring — The Recipe for Dried Peaches (writen also at our request ) we can assure our readers is most excellent. We have partaken of Peaches prepared (according to this mode) by Mrs Herbemo.nt, and therefore speak from our own knowledge. — Ed. We sow Salsify here in February ; but in the low country it might be better a little earlier. Manure a piece of ground well with good rotten stable manure, spread it even on the surface then spade it by putting the spade perpendicularly down the full depth of the spade, and with the foot give the spade another push, to be sure that the earth is turned over at least a foot deep ; also leave a trench as it is spaded ; fill the trench a the end of the spading with good earth taken any where. It is a sloveidy way of working t" put in the spade slanting, and not to leave a trench. Lay the beds off as for carrots, and sow the seeds ex- actly the same. It requires as much room every way. The Salsify will be fit for the table at the same time as the carrots ; but it is much better the winter following, particularly as there is no great variety of vegetables at that time. It is probable the failure comjilained of it owing to the seed. There are two kinds, ono with a dark purple blossuui, and the other with a yellow blos- som not worth planting. I shall take pleasure in sending you seed of the former kind. Now for the Cooking. — To begin with the best way first. 1st, Boil the Salsify, scrape them, cut thcin in halves, lengthwise, and dip them in a rich batter, and fry them in lard.' 2d. Boil the Salsify, mash them in a pidgin as potatoes are mashed, then put in batter, mix it well, and fry it in little patties.* 3rd. Boil the Salsify, and then slice them cross- wise, put them in a saucepan with a little butter, a spoonful or two of cream, a little pepper and some salt : stir it till it is of alight brown, hardly colour, ed. N. B. In making the batter, put in a large tei ipoonful of ground ginger. As we are on the subject of eating, cookinf, &c. a method of keeping flies from fresh meals may as well be recommended. It is simply by shaking fine black pepper over all the cut places, the ends of the bones, and the loin bones. Where- evar the pepper is a fly will not approach. It is no detriment to roast meat, and for boiled it can be washed off". DRIED PEACHES. Just before quite ripe, peel Peaches, eidier plum or soft Peaches. Take out the nuts, put them in boiling water till they are a little soft. Take them out and throw them into a pailful of cold water, when cold, drain them and weigh thfm. To every pound of Peaches put half a pound of powdered loaf sugar. Lay the Peaches in a fet- tle, and sprinkle the sugar till it is all in. Le; it remain till the syrup runs sufliciently to allsw putting it on over a very slow fire. When ;he sugar is all melted, let them boil slowly, till ;he Peaches look clear, put them in a large bowl aid let them remain all night. The ne.it morn;ng place them singly in dishes, and put them in Ihe sun to dry. Turn them over every day, till lley are sufliciently dry to be packed in boxes or stcne jars. The soft Peaches are as good, if not be.'ler than the |)lum or cling-stone Peach, and the nut is taken out much easier. The Peaches will, some of them, break in doing. After they have been in the sun two or three days, with a teaspoon and a silver fork draw the broken pieces together in the form and size of a peach, and they will dry solid. There will be more syrup than can be dried with them, which may be used, by boiling some Peaches prepared as above in the spare syrup. These will be inferior, but still good. * A little coin cut from roasting ear* thit has been previously boiled, mixed with the Salsify, adds much to the flavor. also appropriating time that is called for elsewhere, on the great revival of vegetation. It is generally admitted, that trees transplanted in autumn, suffer f' less from the removal. Our countrymen, have cer- tainly too little favor towards a tree — the most glorious of all inanimate objects — an!nfi Sill se feiirfel ^iilieiii Vol. IX.— No. 21. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. l'iKAC\ AND Murder. — A shocking case of pi- racy ;iiiil rniiiilor, lias lately taken |)laeo near New York harbor, on the 23il of last month. The transaction was on hoard llie hrig Vinoyanl of this port, roinninnded hy Captain Thornby. Tiie crew coIl^;i!^lell ot' nine men, inchuling eaplain and mate. The two last were ninrdered and thrown overboard by the crew, who scuttled the vessel a few days afterwards, set it on fire, and took to the boats. One of the boats swamped while on tlie way to the shore, and three of the crew were drowned. The rernaininis; four are now in prison. The Brig was from New Orleans for Philadel- phia, with a cargo of sugar. The object of the crew was to secure the money, of which there were $-50,000 on hoard. The vessel and cargo were insured for more than §50,000 V. E. C. HeraU. TE:«rERANCE. — We are informed by a gentle man of Proviticetown, Mass. that a great iliminu tion in the coMsumption of ardent spirits, has ta ken place in that town. .Seventy vessels are em ployed by the inhabitants of that place in the fish- biisintss, which formerly averaged every sea- son one barrel of rum each. At present, about 20 vessels do not carry any, and the remainder use not more than one third of what they did former- y. Tlie inhabitants of the town did themselves lonor last spring, by a vole that no license should ranted to any person to sell ardent spirits vithin their borders. — lb. 163 From the Journal nf Health. EARLY EDUCATION. It is as vain as it is difficult, if not impossible, ) separate early physical from moral education. Vhatever is good in the former, exerts a direct ifluence on the latter; the vices of the first are nsibly felt in the second. Improper footJ, by slurbing the stomach of a child, causes pain, jneral uneasiness, and irritation. The young :ing is, on this account, slower in its perceptions " the relations between itself and external ob- ets, — it receives with less understanding, and ituriis with less fondness, the numerous little en- «aring attentions dictated by maternal love. In •is way the had temper and evil passions of a other, exercise a deleterious influence on the dis- isition of the child which derives its nourishment iin her. Her milk is not of the same nutritive d bland nature, when her nervous system is dis- -bed by corroding cares and contending passions, child, taking this milk suffers from disturbed di- ction, in the manner already indicated. Similar :onveniences attend neglect of cleanliness, and afed and chapped skin of the child, or constrained 1 unuatural postures, and ligatures in the shape bandages or tight dress. All these serve as tains to the brain of the young being j they dis- b the usual order of its sensations, and prevent satisfactory education, as well of its external ses as of its internal ones, — the innate propen- Bs and sentiments. These latter cannot, in i disturbetl state of things, be correctly studied (the parent ; their manifestations are either sup- ssedor sadly perverted, both by pain and the ans taken to remove it. The irritability engen- ed by this sickly condition ofthe child,|makes it ne to be annoyed by various impressions from ernal objects, which, in better constituted habits Id be either unheeded or productive of plea- i. It is the less enduring, also, of these im- oW "ge prcssions, whether made by the elements, light, heat and air, or by the prattle and |)layful amuse- ment of the children around, because it has riating the sums entrusted to their disposal, as those without the aid of gentler judgment in the cunning works of the neeille, could be supposed to possess. The works of lace were unusually numerous and beautiful. A scarf, richly wrought with silk, with an extent of figure as ain])lc as female per-j severance, and a grace of design as delicate as the taste of the artist, was exhibited by Mrs Eliza S. Uolbrook of Northborough, for which the cotnmit- toe recommend a gratuity of Three Dollars to that lady. Miss Emily Lamb, of Stnrbridge, presented a black Lace Veil, which, in delicacy of fabric, rivalled the best productions of foreign skill, and for which the committee recommend that a gra- tuity of Three Dollars be presented to her. They also advise that gratuities of Two Dollars be offer- ed to Mrs Liieinda Thurbor of Milforil, and of One Dollar each, to Miss Julia R. Lombard and Miss Susan March of Sutton, for works of simi- lar charni'ter and scarcely inferior beauty. Bliu-V Lace Veils were also exhibited by Miss Mary C. Johnson of Worcester, a young lady whose improvement of the nine years of her life must have been great, to afford such evidence of industrious ingenuity — Miss Triphosa Lakin of Paxton, wrought with stitches thirtyeight in kind, and in imndjcr countless — Miss Lucy Davis of Hohlen— Miss Mary Aim Hale of North Brook- field — Mrs E. R. Estal)rook of Rutland — and Miss Mary Ann Nelson of Worcester: — White Lace Veils and other ornamental fabrics by Miss Jane Richardson of Leomir.ster — Miss Eliza Corbett and Miss Emeline Corbett of Worcester and Miss Mary Ann Hancock of Barre. All these were viewed with particular gratifica- tion, and would be entitled to pecuniary expres- sion of approbation, if the limited funds of the [society did not prohibit such notice, leaving only to the committee the power to express the wish, that the fair faces of those who made them may never be shaded, except by their own good works. Many and beautiful fancy articles were I'urnish- ed by the yomig ladies of the Mulberry Grove School, at Leicester, showing that the diligent cultivation of the substantial matters of learning and the acquisition of those virtues which render female character beautiful, do not exclude the lighter and elegant arts which add grace to im- provement ; and demonstrating the ingenuity of the accomplished instructresses and the capacity of the pupils : among them were very pretty paintings of fruits and flowers — a butterfly needle- cloth, spreading out its wings with such exact mimicry of life, tliat one would be fearful lest it should fly off with its deposits — pincushion.s, very convenient for economical single gentlemen, who use their sleeves as substitutes — a bead purse, wanting only to he filled with money to be per- fect— a work box, ornamented with figures con- taining hieroglyphic admonitions to diligence in the fabrication of the gracefid productions it is designed to contain — a bracelet of rare neatness — several well drawn maps; that by Miss Maria F. Clark, representing the county of Worcester, bearing good com]iarison with the work of tlie engraver. Among other things was a cap of such nicety of needle-work, that a gratuity of One Dollar is recommended to Miss Parker, by whom this addition to matronly apparel was wrought. Mrs E. R. Estabrook of Rutland, exhibited a lace handkerchief and collar, which were view- ed with much satisfaction. Miss Clarissa B. Harwood of Worcester, offered two Crickets, too delicately covered with ])aiiitcd vet and decorated with roses, to be ever touch- ed by the foot — they shoidd never be used for purposes less dignified in the dairy than as milk- ; stools. A large and beautifully ornamented Work Bag, made of millions of delicately tinted beads, by Mrs Isaac Davis of Worcester, attracted generid attention and great admiration. A gratuity of One Dollar is recommended to be awarded to that ladv, for so i-ich a specimen of an article so indispensa- ble in female attire. Two large maps drawn by Miss E. F. (>haniber- ain of We.stborough, with so much skill that ihev were scarcely distinguishable from highly finished engravings, were viewed with peculiar gratifica- tion. The countries delineated scarcely furnish xamples of greater dexterity in the use of ptn and pencil. Pahn l^eaf Hats, manufactured by Messrs Ferr'* md Bishop nf Western, and Livemore and Bcmis of Spencer, were i f good quality White of New Braintree, was so remarkably neat and a[iparently durable, that the committee ask for a gratuity of One Dollar to be bestowed on her. A quantity of unmanufactured Silk, made in Leicester, was exhibited by Mr Pliny Earle. The committee noticed with great gratification the ex. hibition of the successfiil results of patriotic effort! to produce the materials of a manufacture, which at no distant period, may become one of the |)rin- cipal employments of the people of New England One hundred skeins of native silk, manufactur ed by Mrs Mary Rosebrook of Leicester, of goot color, even texture, and very fair appearance, wer(> noticed with particular pleasure. When we consider that, during the year ending in September, 1830, the imi)orts of silk into th United States has exceeded eight millions of dolllSti lars in value, the extent of national economy b;B|in this production among ourselves will be appareiilHumi Tiie propriety of retaining this sum airiong our selves, instead of sendittg it abroad to aid the in dustry of foreign nations, needs no cominen The committee recommend that a gratuity of Thre Dollars be awarded to Mrs Rosebrook and M Earle, as a mark of approbation of the publi spirit and skill which first embarked in a mam facture so important and interesting, and now e.^ hibits its matured products. Mr Samuel Dmfee of Providence, exhibited door which resembled other doors eonsiderabi; except in being furnished with apparatus to kee out cold and wet. Messrs Moses L. Moi'se & Co. of Worcostf exhibited a card of cutlery from their factory, contained specimens of the work of each of th enty hands in their large and flourishing e: tablishment, all of whom connnenced their ei ployment in that branch of business since Jun 1829, and several of them within a few weeks- it being the somewhat novel com-se of the i telligent and very respectable gentleman at t head of that establishment, to give to his appre tices, on setting out, the most delicate work, tl the eye of the artist mny be fixed by the best mod and that rough and ill fashioned products may i discourage advance. The card exhibited was r made to show, liit taken from the everyday bit; ness of that great work shop, whose ingenious a l)atriotic proprietor seems likely to exclude forei ^fS^^u wares from the market by the superior excellen and cheapness of his own. The cutlery was neat, some highly finished. The committee j commend gratiiities of One Dollar each, to io Dewing and Jndson W. Rice, for the best Rai and Penknife. Mr Cyril Flint of Hardwick,exliihitr'd an insti ment for extracting teeth, so inviting in appearan«|j|||„ . and ingenious in construction, as to make om mouth water to experience il w'n 15 Aug. !( 19th Nov. 15 to 15i no written acco't forwarded 18 to 20 18 20 to 21 22 25 to 36 25 to 26 16 to 19 14i to 16 entered for exhibition only 17| 10 IS no written acc't forwarded 17 to 18 njtois not received arrived too late for premium, not received Dec. 10, \ma. We have subjoined a few notes taken from thi written accounts which generally arcompaniet the several lots of Butter. No, 5. — Mr Newell's butter, which took the second premium of f/ly dollars, was made Iron , the cream of 14 cows, since September 25 — thepi| were about SO lbs. more made of siniilar quality} which was not entered. The cows had commoi grass feed only. The butter was packed in oh firkins, (which are considered better than nev., ones) in lavers of aboiit two or three inches deep wilh a sprinkling of fine salt between each layer The butter is thus more easily taken up as wantei for use. Noll. Mr Weeks' butter was made f)om Aug' to October. Mr W. has the morning's milk skira med in 12 hours, the evening's in 24 hours fron the time it is taken from the cow ; the cream churned every other day: tlie butter salted will' Liverpool, ground; laid down solid; nothinf added, except a little brine : a waxed bag was fixec between the butter and the wood. No 12. Mr Crosby's mode of making is bi skimming the milk while perfectly sweet, chiirnini soor\, not ivaiting for large churnings ; when ' th< butter has come, he turns off the buttermilk and then churns the butter again, in order to beai out the buttermilk well, without tlie warmth of tb hand : in each of the two successive days, hi works it over thoroughly, and then packs it dowi in tubs previously soaked with brine made cleai by boiling and skimming. Mr Crosby has repeat edly taken the premium for the best butter exhibi ted at the Brighton and Concord Cattle Shows. No 17. Mr Prince's butter was made at hi farm on Merino Island in Winipiseogee Lake, N> H. It was made between the 10th of August an 19th of November, from cows mostly of the Al derney breed. His pastures are newly clearei land ; though his cows have been freely fed witll pumpkins. His dairy room is neat and convew lent, and attached alongside of an ice house* The butter as soon as packed is put into the ic I bouse. Less than the usual quantity of salt is used I no coloring ; but a small quantity of saltpetre an loaf sugar is added. No 24. Mr Eager's butter was made from V cows, since the 15th of September. The creaM I was gathered in seven weeks, from the milk, aftei sitting from 4 to 6 meals, which was varied aw cording to the state of the weather, so that tbi •cam might always be perfectly sweet. It vvai irmnediately churned after being skimmed ; an« from 5 to 6 lbs. pure fine salt put into 100 lbs. oi butter, which was the only ingredient made use ol No 28. Mr Brigham's butter was put down 1)8 fore the 25tli of November, and intended for fisl ermen to take out to sea the next season. It w( prepared with salt, salti)etre, and sugar, which hi for a number of years enabled the butter to endui their trips without injury. No 29, which was of very fine quality, Wl entered by Doct. Warren of this city, for exhibi-" tion only, and was procured of H. Gates, Mont- real. It was made by a Yankee fiirmer of tbf name of Hastings from Vermont, who now re- sides near Montreal, and has a dairy of 5C cows — The 54 lbs. exhibited was the product ol a single chm-ning, in Novendjer. No 34. Mr Haines' butter was made from tho common breed of cov/s in Pennsylvania, with about one in ten of the prime full bred AlderMJ yreed, so that the butter is 10 per cent Alderney,| Vol. IX.— No. -21. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 167 wliicli Mr H. thinks makes a ptTceptible improve- ment. Tlifir (bed liiis licun (Vom a coiiiiiiDii pas- ture, with a large prnportioii ot" white ehn'cr. The pasture Ii.is been rre(|iirnlly top ilicssed, but not pldiiitlied lor more liiaii twenty years. Mr Spraguk's hiitler, wliieh lo )k ll\e. first premi- \iin, was sdlil to Messrs Hiirrisoii Gray Otis, E. Coihiiaii, D. S. Ingraham, T. B. Coohdfie, Mr Haneock, and Mr Haiker, keeper of the jMarlbo- rouffh Hotel. Mr Newell's lot w liich took the second premi- um, was sold to Messrs George Ilallet, Ehenezer Rollins, and Ignatius Sargeant. telASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Saturilay, Decembei -4, 1830. FRUITS. Pears. — Mr Robert Mnnning, Passe Colmar, first "and seeondcrop; the latter not fully matured, and "! very little flavor. Baking Pear very large and * fair, (supposed to be the Francreal) see Prince's Treatise, No 95. Samuel Downer, handsome l/haumoutelle and Amhrette Pears, and in fine 'tieating. jipphs. — Mr Robert Manning, Scarlet Nonpa- eil, Poniological Blagnzine, Vol. 2d, Fig. 87, Black Vppks, Coxe No. 67, Yellow Bellflower, Coxe No. J3, Old Pearmaiii, supposed to be the Scarlet 'ennnain, Poniological Magazine, Fig. 62, Wel- iDgton apple (Diimelow's Seedling) London Hor- cultural Society's Catalogue, Winter Queen, Co.xe fo. SI, P.MMine d'Api (Lady Apple) Coxe No. 28, .pplcs IVotn a French tree ' markeil Francatee.' In behalf of the Committee on Fruits. SAMUEL DOWISTER jI PARiMENTIER'S GARDE.N. We have been desired to mention, which we with great pleasure, that the Horticultural arden at Brooklyn, N. Y. which the late ftlr iRMEM'iER had been at unwearied pains and eat expense in bringing it to its present respectable mding, will be contiiuieil by his family ; and the most care, promptness, and fidelity will be cxcr- sed by them to merit the patronage of the |)ub- I «nd we trust their exertions and claims will properly appreciated. DIED, At Brooklyn, N.Y. Nov. 27, Andrew Parmentier, ed 50 ; pioprielor of the Horticultural Garden — an up- *htj intcilii^ont, and estimable man. ITo Correspondents. — We have received IVoiii V. : Ray de Chaumont, a very valuable and instruc- 8 Address, delivered by him at the last Annual Cattle ow of the Jefferson, (N. Y.) Agricultural Society ; the ole or a part of whicli we shall soon present our read- . Also, from Sen. Dearborn, a Description of new lits, or such as are but little known — on destroying eds that grow between paving stones in yards — on the ;;tiius polyphyllus, §■£, which will appear nost week. eral communications are on hand. I GENERAL AGRICULTURAL AGENCY, BOSTON, MASS. THE SUBSCRIBER, at the suggesiion of many gen- tlemen in the United States, and the Briljsh Provinces, has concluded to add to his present .igricultural business, a General ,\gency for the purchase and sale of the dillVr- ent improved breeds of slock, which he is convinced would be of great convenience to the public, as well as himself His inliniale acquaintance witb all the most eminent breeders of slock, and the favoiable situation of Boston, give him important advantages for such an agen- cy- As General Agent, he will receive orders for, and pur- chase all kinds of Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, Plants, im- proved breeds of Cattle, Sheep, Bremen Geese, and other stock ; and indeed any thing lliat may be wanted by far- mers. In the purchase of stock of all kinds, he will be assisted by the selection and judgment of an eminent breeder in this vicinity. Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, Shrubbery, &c., will be obtained at any Establishment named by the person or.fering ; and if no Establishment be named, the subscriber will obtain them from such as he shall have most confidence in — in the latter case, he will be responsible for the genuineness of the articles : in the former, the risk will remain with tlie purchaser. Commissions on sales and purchases of stock, on sums of ,f IO,or less, 10 per cent, between ,f 10 and .f;20, 9 per cent. .$20 and $30, 8 per cent $30 and $40, 7 per cent. $40 and $.50, 6 per cent, .$50, and upwards 5 per cent. No commission is charged in purchases of trees, grape vines, and shrubbery. fCF Gentlemen having improved stock for sale, are invited to furnish him with lists, containing descriptions, pedigrees, and prices. He has constantly onhand, at tbe Agricultural Ware- house, Boston, the most extensive variety, and the larg- est quanlity of Garden, Field, Tree, Herb, and Flower SEEDS to be found in New England, which are offered for sale, at either wholesale or retail. Traders wishing to keep the very best veget.ible Seeds, for retailing in the coimtry, can be accommodated with boxes of any sort from $10 to .$100, comprising a complete assortment of the common vegetable Seeds, and Flower Seeds, when v/anfed, on favorable terms. A large assortment of the best sorts of Grape Vines for the climate of New England, both American and Eu' ropean, is kept constantly on hand, well packed in moss, separately, for transportation, and sold at the regular nur seiy prices — also. Rose Bushes, and various sorts of Shrubbery, jiacked in a similar manner. Fruit Trees of all kinds, can always be supplied at 24 hours' notice — well packed for transportation, to any distance. Standard Agricultural, Books of all kinds, con- stantly on hand, at the regular Bookstore prices. Dec. 10 eoptf J. B. RUSSELL. AARON TYLER, of Bath, Maine, having commence an Establishment lor the Promotion of Aj;riculluie an Domestic Economy, and having made arrangements with Mr. J. R. Nfwei'.l, and Mr. J B. Russell, of the Ag- ricultural Warehouse, Boston, for a supply of the most Impioved Tools and Seeds, recommended by them as valuable and useful to be introduced — will be enabled to supply the farmers in Maine at the Boston pi ices, with the addition of freight. Persons on the Kennebec, and vicin- ity, will find it to their interest to call at Mr Tyler's establishment for their supply of farming Tools and Gar- den Seeds. A. Tyler also tenders his services to the horticultur- ists and nursery men of Massachusetts nd elsewhere, for the sale of all kinds of Trees, Vines, Plants, &c, and will be at all times ready to fill orders for the best of Forest Trees, from Maine, put up and packed properly and shipped according to order. A. T. flatters himself by close appHcalion and assiduous attention to the above objects, that he shall be enabled to give satisfaclion to the public, and be a means of infrodu- cinpc into Maine many valuable productions, heretofore unknown, and thereby be a source of improvement to the agriculturist, and oi gratification to himself A. T. also lenders his services for the sale of Improved Breeds of Cattle and Sheep. Wanted, a full blooded BuII, 3 or 4 years old, con- taining the best breeds for Milk and Oxen. Letters (post paid) will receive prompt attention. Refer to Hon. Joseph Wingate, Bath, " " H. A. S. Dearborn, Roxbury. Dec. 10. epotf Treatise on Bees. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A further supply of a Practical Treatise on the Manage- ment of Bees; and the Establishment of Apiaries, with the best method of destroying and preventing the depre- dations of the Bee Moth. By James Thacher, M. D. Price 75 cents. Early Top or Tree and Potato Onions. Just received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street— A quantity of Early Top or Tree seed Onions. Those produce onions at tbe bottom and a bunch of small ones on the top of the seed stalk. The small onions are proper to plant very early in the spring, or in autumn, which is the best time, and seldom fail to produce a good crop under proper cultivation. They should be planted in rows ten or twelve feet asunder, and set two or three inches apart, and one inch deep, taking care to place the bottom down- wards. They soon spring up, and from their size and vigorous growth, are not subject to be destroyed by insects. Should they put forth seed stalks, as many of the larger ones will, they should be broken oft'soon after they appear, otherwise the onions at the bottom will nrt be so large. These onions are mild, grow to a large size,- and are, gen- erally raised with less trouble than the conunon kind. Also, a few Early Potato Onions. This curious variety of the onion is very early and mild. They should be planted in common dry situations, in the autumn, cov- ered over two inches deep in gardens. The small ones should be planted out four inches apart — the large ones twelve to fourteen inches. They are generally ripe about the 10th of July, and yield eight to ten fold. Dec. 10. Camellias, Jasmines, S,-c. FOR S.\LE, at a Nursery in the vicinity of Boston, a good collection of Camellias, Broad, Small and Long leaf Also Jasmines, Heaths, fcc. all larse plants, and at mod- erate prices — orders left with J. B. Russell, at his Seed Store, will be promptly attended to. 4t Dec. 10. Prince's Treatise on the Vine. Just received at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North M.irket Street, A Treatise on the Vine ; embracing its History from the earliest ages to tbe present day, with descriptions of above two hundred Foreign, and eighty American varie- ties; together with a complete dissertation on the Estab- lishment, Culture, and Management of Vineyards. ' Tlie Vine, ton, here lier curling londrik slioots. Hangs out lior clusters glowing to the south. And scarcely wishes for a wanner sky.' By Wm. Robert Prince, aided by Wm. Prince, Proprietor of tbe Linnsean Botanic Garden. 1 vol. octa- vo, 355 pages. Price $1,50. Oct. 29. Brighton Market — Mondaij, Dec. 6. [Repotted for the Chronicle and Patriot.] At market, this day, 1845 Cattle, 4027 Sheep, and 738 Swine. Prices. — Very little variation from last Monday; a severe snow storm has prevented much business today, which will probably be attended tomorrow. Beef Cattle— From §3 25 to 4 50 ; a few exti-a were taken at 4 67 a 4 75. Barrelling Cattle— Mess. 3,33 a 3,42; No. 1, 2,84 a 3 ; No. 2, 2,50 a 2,67. Sheep. — Lots were taken as follows : $1 17, 1 33, 1 42, 1 50, 1 75, and $2. Swine. — One entire drove of 219 Shoats were taken at 4^c.; at retail, 5c. for Sows, and 6c. for Barrows. Prices in New York, Dccembair 4. FLOUR New York Superfine, Bbl. 5 12 a Western, 5 12 a 5 44 Philadelphia, 5 2.Ta Baltimore, City, 5 12 a 5 25 Do. Howard street. 5 31 a 5 50 GRAIN. Wheat, Northern, bush. 1 03 a 1 6 Western, 1 10 a 1 12 Virginia, 95 a 1 05 Rye, Northern, 70 a 72 Oats, Northern, 31a 32 Corn, Southern. 53 i 56 Do. Yellow, Northern, 60 a 63 Barley, new, 78 a 80 WOOL. Common fleece, washed lb. 35 a 40 Merino do. do. 40 a 60 Spinning, pulled a Lambs do, 1st quality 48 a 52 Do. 2d do. 35 a 40 168 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dpc. 10, 1830. MISCELLANIES. Among the representatives to the next congress from Massachusetts, we observe the name of Gen- eral He.nry a. S. Deabbokn ; a gentleman whose exertions for the improvement of agriculture and horticulture in tlie Uniteil States, liaveacquired for him the respect and esteem that are due to tliose lihilanthropists who labor for the public good. — IVeslern Tiller. Grapes. — It is told us as a fact worth recording, that one hundred thousand pounds of grapes, are annually raised, in the neighborhood of Boston. We know many grape vines in the city that hear abundantly. Mr Perrin May devotes much time to their cuUivation,.and his garden, this year, has been very prolific in this delicious fruit. — Boston Transcript. ' Col. Sam. Ward has setit from'Worcester, $5000 worth of goods and implements of husbandry, des- tined to the Mexican ;)rovince of Texas. The route is down the canal to Providence, thence to New York, then hy sea to New Orleans , after- wards up the Mississippi and Missouri to St Louis and onward to the Texas. ffbes of Intemperance. — A child about four years old, in tlie village of Rochester, on Wednesday evening last, was playing with shavings on the hearth of its own home, when the shavings caught fire and communicated it to the clothes of the child, who was so dreadfully burned, as to survive, in great agony, for but a few hours. The only person near was the mother but , she was so in- toxicated as to be unable to help her child out of the fames .' Fontainbleau Crapes. ^The superiority of the Fontainbleau grapes is attributed to the following peculiarities of practice, to which we would add the spur method of pruning : — 1st. To the judicious choice of cuttings, the vignerons never making use of any but such as have borne the best and finest fruits. 2d. By planting the vines at a distance from die wall, and by frequently laying the shoots until they reach the wall, the vines acquire abundance of roots upon the surface. Also, by the close planting, from which all undue luxuriance is re- strained ; by this means the branches complete their growth within the boimds prescribed, and ripen their wood early. 3d. By limiting each [ilant to only one cordon, with two arms, right and left, the entire extent of botli not e,\ceeding eight feet. The energies of the roots, confined to so small a space, nourish the bearing wood more effectually and more equally, and bring tbe fruit to greater perfection. 4th. To the projecting coping, which protects the vine and fruit from frosts and heavy rains, and intercepts and retains the heat radiating from the surface of the wall and of the soil. .5tb. The sloping disposition of the ground also i-ontributes to their success, as it prevents any ac- cutnul.ition of moisture at the roots of the vines and preserves ihein sound and healthy. From the French, i« Transactions of the Horticultural Society. Alettcrfroin Paris, published in the N.York Sen tinel says, — 'Thus much is certain, let the facj be attributed to what causes it may, that iu no coun. try at this hoin',is there more readin!; or more thinking thaln in France. Since the late revolution, it would sei/m that every body reads, or is read to, or receives a/ second band account of the reading of others. In Paris, you stumble upon a reading room at eivery tenth step ; streets and gardens are as thick set with cabinets de lectures as these again are with readers. In the larger commercial and manu- facturing cities, you find the same, while every sii.all landed proprietor in the departments has his pap<;r from Paris, or reads half a dozen in the cose« of Irg village. On the other haml, the press is as sedulous to enlighten the people as the people to be eidiglitened. Notwithstanding the yet undipp- ed jiaironage and mulropped police of the govern- ment, iniu;meral)le are the writers who dip thtir pens mfrce ink, who write for the people, under the protection of ihe p,o[)ular opinion and the countenance of the popular su|)port. No debt is better paid than the debts to Journalists; fraudu- lency in subscribers is an almo,=t unknown rascal- ity ; and here, perha]is, you will find the secret at once of the superior independence and the more elevated and gentlemanly tone oftlie press ofF ranee. So far as I can judge, it is now decidedly the first and the freest in the world. The more popular press of Paris receives much assistance from the young and independent talent foimd in the popular societies, of which I have al- ready spoken.' Dr MitcheVs Method of working Caoutchouc. — Soak the gum elastic in suli)huric ether until soft and nearly elastic,wliich in good ether will take from ten to twentyfour hours. Then if it is a plate cut it with a wet kmfe, or |)arallel knives, into such sections or sheets or shapes as may be desired, and suffer them to dry ; or if a hag, apply a pipe or stop-cock, and inflate with the mouth, if the bag shoidd expand ccpially inflate rapidly, but if unequally, proceed more slowly and with occasional pauses. By such means a bag may he made so thin as to become transparent and light enough to ascend when filled with hydrogen. By graduating the extent of inflation, a sheet of caoutchouc of any given thickness is produced. If for blow ])ipes or other piu'iioses for which it is desirable that the bags should possess contracti- bility, let them be inflated to the desired size, and after an hour let out the air. Ever after they will suffer as great distention and again contract. If permanent sheets are wanted, the inflated bags are to be hung up till dry after which no sensible contraction will ensue. Bags softened by ether may ho stretched readily by the hand, over lasts, hat blocks, or other moulds, so as to assume the shape desired, and may be a|)- l)lied to a variety of useful purposes. In the form of straps and twisted strings its elasticity offers many useful applications. It is easily formed into tubes to connect apparatus, &c. Some of the bag.^ have been extended to six feet in diameter ; one of them being filled with hy- drogen escaped and was found one hundred and thirty miles from the place. A bag originally the size of an English walnut was extended till fifteen inches in diameter. Dr Mitchcl states that oil of sassafras softens caoutchouc so that it can be applied with a brush, and that upon drying by exposure to air it becomes again simple elastic caoutchouc. Many applica- tions of it as a varnish, in this state are suggested — Franklin Journal, v. 122 Durham Short Horns. For sale, several of the pine breed, descendants of thf cel^^brated animals presented by Admirai. Sir 1sa.\( Coffin, to the Massachusetts Society for the Proinotioi of Agriculture. The pedio;iee of these animals can b: o;iven as far back as Hubbach, who was calved in 1777 and is reputed the foundation of this much admired stock Also, several Ilcil'ers bre'l liom the same, of variou grades, from half up to seven eighths blooded animals For parlicuLirs, inquire of E. Hersev Derby, Salem. .Siifrin, October, 1830, Bolivar Calves, Saxoni/ Bucks, and Bremen Geese< For sale, 4 Bull Calves, , sired hy ihe celelirated importe( improved Durham short homed bull Bolivar, whici slock have produced 36 quarts of milk a day. No. 1, daDi_ Grey Brown, half Coelebs and half Galloway. No. 2, dan Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, her sir* Ccelebs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Cow. No. 4, dan Beauty, half Ccelebs and hall Galloway. The Calve- are beautiful, and their dams all great mil'iers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 YearVin'2;s, and 2 Lambs 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin ShurtI leff, Jr. Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. July 81 Culture of Silk. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Ne\' England Farmer, .52 North Market-street— Essays on American Silk, and the bi'st means of ren dering it a source of individual and national wealth ; wit) Directions to Farmers for raising Silk V.'orms — By Johl D'Homcrgue, Silk Manufacturer, and Peter S. DuPom ceau — Price G2i certs. Also, Directions for the Rearing of Silk Worms, ani the Culture of the White Mulberry Tree. Published bj the Pennsylvania Society associated lor the Promotiol of those objects, (.m excellent, plain, practical vvork.)-4 Price 2-5 cents k Catawba Grape Vines. THE GENUINE SORT. For sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 Nor\| Market-street — - 50 Vines of the true Catawba Grape, one year oldr price 75 cts. each. This is one of the b st native, tabMj or wine Grapes cultivated ; the bunches large, witi shoulders, very thickly set, with large berries of a paU red or lilac color, and in some situations covered with beautiful bloom, giving them a blueish purple appearaned They have a slight musky taste, and delicate llav who pay within sixty days from time of Fubscribing. are entitled to a deduction of fifty ce, 113= INo paper will be sent to a distance without pay being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts— by whi,. all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet tbi wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B Russell, at tlie Agricultural Warehouse, No. 62 Nortl|) Market Street. '" ACENTS. ! Vnr/t— G. Thorburn & Sons, 67 Liberty-slrcet. . ,„!ailelphia—}). & C Lanoreth.GS Choslnul-slreet. BnUimore — G. B. Smith, Office ofthe American Farmer, .i'banii — Hon. Jf.sse Buel. Fiiishins, N. ¥. WiM. Prince & SoNs,Prop. Lia. Bet. Ganhl //.ov^ort/— Gooinvi.v & Sons. Neirtiiinjporl , Ebene'/.er Stedjian, Bookseller. JIuirusta, Me. Wm. Mann. Halifax,^. S.—V. J. HoLLASn. Esq. Recorder Office Montreal, L. C— A. Bowman, Bockf^llcr. NEW ENGL.AND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STR EET, (AT THE Agkicultural Warehouse. — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. VOL. IX. BOSTOIV, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 17, 183 0. NO. 22. Mk Fesse.nde>' — I enclose some extracts from tlie August numbers of the Annales D'Horticu turo, anil of the Institiit Db Fromoiit, containing accounts of several varieties of pears, anil a very intcrcstiiijr plant, from the North West Coast. In one of ilio above named publications, is aa pitome of a Horticultural tour made in England, lurini; the last year, by M. Filippar, who frankly ac- nowlcilgcs the preeminence of that country in a'l he branches of rural culture. I shall send it D ou in a few days, as it gives a pleasing accouit f the wonderful progress which has been made il reat Britain in usef;il and ornamental tillage, nd of the efforts which are rapidly developing ii 'ranee for the advancement of the science ^nl rt of gardening. Since the general pacification of Europe, eaci ition ap[iears to have sent out its intelligent anc iterprising travellers to explore all others, for tht immendnble purpose of collecting horticultura formation, and bringing back the vegetable assures of every clime. I trust the period is •t far distant, when we shall participate in the nefits and honors of such meritorious and pa- otic explorations. With unfeigned respect, Yom- most obedient servant. 11. A. S. DEARBORN. EXTRACT NO. XXVIII. From Ibo' Annales D'Horticulture. JVew fruits, or such as are but little known. PEARS. Beurke-Curtet. Fruit oval, rounded ; skin len, thin, unctuous at the moment of becoming llow, strijied, and stained with red, on the side 'csed to the sun. Flesh white, melting, full of •et juice, quickened by an aromatic tartness, lUliar to the Berganiots. Ripens from the Inst September, to the middle of October, 'his new Pear, described by Van Mons, was ined, in 1S28, by M. Simeon Bouvier, an thecary of Jodoigne, who has dedicated it to >urtet, a physician of Bruxelles. ECRRE D'Aremberg. M. Van Mons has de- ed this pear, which is no longer new, but is one of the best, which we know. We only of it now, to show how much confusion leen produced in the nomenclature, by the inymes. The Beurre D'Aremberg can scarce- umber twenty years of existence, and never- it has already four names. Obtained at .eim, by the Abbe Deschamps, in the garden of ospice Des Orphelins in that city, Des- iips at first called it Beurre des Orphelins; M. [Mons, soon after named it Beurre Deschamps, nor of its discoverer ; others have called it "•e Z>' Hardenpont ; and finally the name of j-e D'Aremberg has been given to it, by mistake, •ut doubt, but it has prevailed and will pro- be the only one that is continued. RRURiER D'AuTOM.NE. M. Van Mons says 68 is tall and majestic ; the leaves small, lated, and apositely folded. e fruit is very large, oblong, obtuse at both 'ends ; skin of a delicate green, covered with nu- merous white spots, forming a kind of net work. The flesh is white, tender, melting, full of very abmulant sugary juice. At the epoch of its maturity, which is towards the end of October, the skin a.ssuines a yellow shade ; the frfit can still be kept three weeks lon- ger in a good /state. M. Van Mons says, that seed from the pear tree which produced the Serruricr, and which was sown at the same time, produced a new Sanguine, resembling )n every respect, as to the form of the fruit and th(: color of the flesh, the ancient, but liclier and more tender. De Rao,uinchen. The tree is vigorous, branch- es erect, bark reddish ; buds small and slim ; the shoots often thorny ; leaves narrow, downy on the under surface, and a little dentated ; fruit round, compressed ; stump an inch in length ; skin, rough and brown, like that of tho Messire Jean ; flesh very melting, buttery, and sugary ; high flavored ; rii)ens in Novenjberand December. This species of Pear tree merits dissemination, from tho quality of its fruit, which is as melting as the Beurre Dore and the Crassane ; its branch- es should be trimmed at full length, for after the fruit buds are formed at the ends of the young shoots, in order to obtain fruit soon, it should be cultivated in the form of an espalier; the fj-uit jjrows in bouquets like the Crassane, of which it is believed to be a variety ; it succeeds better up- jij a free stock th.in upon the quince, although it l)roduces fruit sooner, when engrafted upon the latter. This new acquisition is very interesting, from the quality of its fruit, and the beauty of the tree. It was obtained by Bl. Noisette. CoLMAR D'Ete. Rii)ens in August and Septem- ber; the tree in all respects resembles the Cohnar, but its bark is always creased ; a great bearer ; a very good species, but little disseminated. Pro- duced by M. Noisette. Beurre ue Saint Quen'tin. Ripens in Sep- tember ; the tree erect and beautiful ; wood reddish ; leaves long and narrow ; fruit in form of the com- mon Doyenne, not quite so long and larger in its circumference; demi-beurre; well calculated for large orchards, being a great bearer. Produced by M. Noisette. — EXTRACT NO. XXIX. A method of destroying iveeds lohich grow between the paving stones of yards and courts, and in garden tvcdks. Boil about 20 pounds of quick lime and two pounds of sulphur, in 25 gallons of water ; let the liquid cool, drain it off clear, and with a wa- tering pot, sjjrinkle it over the pavement and walks, so as to moisten the ground thoroughly, and no weeds will appear for several years. It is thus that the Cours des Mornaies in Paris, al- though but little frequented, is prevented from ex- hibiting the least vegetation. EXTRACT NO. XXX. From the Annales L'lnstitut Royal Horticole Do Fremont. Remarks on the Lupinus Polyphyllus ; by Guillemin. We early signalized, in the Annales of Fromont, the services which Mr Douglas has rendered, not only to botany, properly so called, but to the nat- ural sciences generally, by the introduction of plants from the Northwest coast of America. Among the plants, there arc an astonishing variety, of the Lupinus, Penstemon, (Enothera, &c. It seems that nature iias placed, in those localities, the nidus of these genera, from whence some species have been scattered here and there, upon the surface of the earth. During three years, each monthly number of the Botanical Register, and Botanical Magazine, reveals to us the existence of one or more of these charming plants, reported by Mr Douglas. In October, 1827, Mr J. Lindley, described and figured, in the first of these periodical collections, a magnificent species to which he gave the name of Lupinus polyphyllus. After many attempts, we hud the plcasm-e of receiving some of the seeds at the commencement of the year 1829. They came up readily ; but only produced radical leaves the first year, which were multifoliolated, and borne on long petioles. Being transplanted into rich earth, but exposed to all the intemperance of the rigorous winter which we experienced, the roots did not suffer in the least. In the month of April the stalks began to be developed, and produced, toward the middle of May, spikes of flowers which were more than two feet in length. Plant herbaceous, vivacious, perennial ; the leaves composed of from 11 to 15 green leaflets, lanceolate, hairy on the under side ; the flower disposed in a lonij terminal cluster. These flow- ers are of a beautifid azure blue, with a reddish border, and they form a kind of whorls very near each other, or to speak more exactly spirals round a connnon axis. The general appearance of this plant is something like that of the Baptisia (Podalyria) auslralis ; but it is, without contradic- tion, more elegant. When this plant shall become common, it will be generally cultivated, on a large scale, for for- age, as it requires no more care than sainfoin, or any other legume. It is thus noticed in the Annales D'Horticulture. We believe we can announce to the amateurs of flowers, cultivated in the open groujid, that it is a long time since anything has arrived, so magnifi- cent, as this plant. Its culture and multiplication appear to be very easy. It is a fortunate acquisi- tion for our parterres. Mr Fessenden- — The following Intters having been read, at a recent meeting of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, it was directed, that they should be pub- lished in the New England Farmer. Very respectfully, Your most obedient servant. H. A. S. Dearborn. Brinley Place, ( Dec. 1,1S3IJ.' j Letter from F. Falderman, Esq. Curator of the Imperial Botanic Garden at St Petersburg. Sir — I was very happy to be informed, by Doct. Harris, that the Massachusetts Horticultural Society had considered me worthy of being elected one of its Honorary Members. For this favor, which you have kindly conferred upon me, I promise to do whatever is in my power to render myself useful to the Society. 170 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 17, 1830. I take the liberty of seiul'mg to the Society, a choice collection of double Dalilias which were chiefly raised in the Imperial Botanic Garden, from seeds which ripened in this country. I hope when they flower, yon will be pleased svith them, and allow them a place in your garden. With the utmost respect, I am. Sir your most Obedientservant. F. Falderma.n. Letter from 8. P. Hildreth, Esq. Mnrietta, Ohio, 8lh Nov. 1830. To General Dearborn. Dear Sir — Your favor of the 7th as been received. 1 feel highly gratified by the flatter- ing notice your Horticultmal Society have been pleased to take of my comuninication of August last. I shall endeavor this winter to make them some suitable return for their ]ioliteness. I pro- pose in addition to the scions of the Burlingame pear and plum, to send to them, 10 or 12 new varieties of the apple, produced in the vicinity of Marietta, from the seeds. No part of the west- ern country, has a greater variety of su|ierior en- grafted fruit than Washington County ; and in the lapse of thirty years many new and excellent apples must of course spring from the seeds. By a little attention this autumn, I have discovered a number which are fully equal to any of our best engrafted fruits. From the.se, I shall select n ft'.w and send to your Society, and if convenient, per- bajis drawings of the fruit — also some of our native crab apples, seeds and scions. Ten or a dozen varieties of our best peaches, from the stones, seeds of as many of our indigenous or- namental trees and shrubs as I can collect — also creepers and wild flowers — with a few seeds from my garden of Dahlias and Crown Imperials. I send the Crown Imperial seeds, because I think they are a rarity — perhaps not, but mine never seeded before this year — the spring was a forward one and very fine, which was probably the cause. If the winter is open, I shall endeavor to forward the box in February, to Mr Landreth, of Phila- delphia. I shall then write for a few articles in return. The seeds of the Scliizanthus (linnatns were lost on the way — the other came safe. The Diploma you are pleased to mention, may come on in the returned box. I shall dip the ends of the scions in melted wax and roll them up in moist paper, and jiack in a tiglit box. Is there any other better method ? I also take the liberty ofsendingyou,in company with this letter, two of our Marietta paper.=, containing the agricultural addres:', and report of the Society in tlii.s county, for the year 1830. T!ie Society is small a, id funds for premiums still .smaller, but yet much good is done. If you get from them no new ideas, you will learn something of our views. This state is probably destined to become one of the first in the union — the fertility of the soil, the genial in- fluence of the climate, and the geographical posi- tion, Ijordcring on two navigable waters, creating an outlet for her produce both to the east and the west, afi"ord every facility to wealth ; while her civil and religious privileges are equally favor- able to the growth and iu:provement of the mind. Nothing but the wickedness or imbecility of her rulers, if favored with the blessing of Providence, can check or retard her progress. Mrs Burlingame, * after whom you so kindly in- quired, is still living ; her residence is about a mile below the town, on the Ohio river ; she is quite advanced in years, but still smart and active ; the luother of a numerous race of children, and grand children. Any communication to her, can be readily made through me, or directly to her. With great respect, I remain yours trulj'. S. P. lIlLDRETH. * The Lady whose name was given to the pear raised from seed, which she collected in N. Jersey. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. SHEEP HUSBANDRY. Sir — I have somewhere met with the remark, that all useful discoveries in agriculture should be considered common stock ; and the selfish princi- ple which would lead us to keep such discoveries for our own individual use, ought never to find a place in the bosom of the farmer. Acting on this princi|)le, I wish to communictite through your journal, some experiments on the interesting subject of S/ieep Hushandry, than which no branch of agriculture is of more importance either as it regards the interests of the Farmer, or in a national point of view. I shall in the first place notice some facts respect- ing the texture of wool. About 6 years ago, I placed a flock of sheep on one of my farms under the care of a Scotchman, whom I considered one of the best shepherds in this section of country. Besides being extremely careful, he was a very high feeder. At the time, he took charge of tliese sheep, they were about an average of my whole flock. A large portion of them were perfectly unmixed with com mon blood, ^t present they are a full eighth coars- er than those on my other farms, that have nd been so highly fed. They have increased some- what in size, and I think not less than 25 per cent in weight of flecee. The flocks on my other farms remain about stationary as to weight of carcase and fleece ; but by strict attention to the selection of the best prime bucks, we have lieen enabled to make great impovemeut in the texture of the wool. I find that with all our care in the choice of rams, we are barely able to prevent de- terioration in the quality of the wool of the Scotch- man's flock. The result of my experiments proves that a flock of full blood merinos, under high keeping, and breeding indiscriminately from the produce, may be re ^ Barllctt, of Roxbury, i For the best native Pears, (Ileathcot) to Rod ick Toohey, gardener to Mrs Gore, of Waltha For the best Peaches, (Grosse Mignonne) Elijah ViL^e, of Dorchester, For the best native Peaches, to E. M. Richar of Dedham, For the best Apricots, (flloor Park) to; Phinncy, nf Lexington, For the best Nectarines, (Red Roman) tO; ward Sharp, of Dorchester, For the best Plums, (Bolniar's Wasliin>;toi Samuel R. Johnson, of Charlestown, For tlie best Cherries, (Black Tartariai Rul'us Howe, of Dorchester, For the best native Chsrries, (Downer's zard) to Samuel Downer, of Dorchester, f For the best foreign Grapes, (White Mu^^railii of out door culture, to David Fosdick, of Charl tot^n, vjfl For the best native Grapes, (Catawba) thanici Senvcr, of Roxbury. For the best Gooseberries, (Jolly Angler) tb' Seaver, of Roxbury, ..i For the best Strawberries, ^Keens' Seedling) | "l) D. Haggerslon, of the Charlestown Viiieyar(l,)i :kh Vol. IX.— No. 22. AND HOIITICLLTURAL JOURNAL. 171 To Tlioiiuis Willet, gaiilcncr to Mr E. Binetl, of Cluulfstowii, for the best Grapes, (Ulaek Ham- bufj,') •;ro\vii under glass, |)resciUeil to the Society at their Anniversary Festival, in September Inst, the committee recommend a gratuity of $5. To Elislia Edwards, of Springfield, for several beautiful varieties of rare and valuable Fruits, presented to the Society at various meetings, a gratuity of $5. By order of the Conmiittee, E. PHINNEY, Chairman. The Standing Committee on Ornamental Trees, FlowcMS, &:c, award the following premiums for the year 1830. For the most successful cultivation of the Rhododenih'on Maximum, a premium of $5, to Mr Roderick Toohey, of Walthnm. For the best specimen of Chinese Chrysan- lienuims, a premium of .$3, to Mr David Hagger- iton, of Charlestown. For the six finest Tulips, a premium of §2, to Ur Augustus Aspinwall, of Brookline. For the six finest Hyacinths, a premium of $2, o Mr Augustus Aspinwall, of Brookline. For the finest Ranunculus, a premium of $2, to llr George \V. Pratt, of Watertown. For the finest cultivated native Flowers, a pre- lium of $2, to Messrs Winships, of Brighton. For the finest Roses, a premium of $4, to Mr lUgustus Aspinwall, of Brookline. For tlie finest Dahlias, a premium of $2, to Mr *avid Haggerston, of Charlestown. For the finest Pinks, a i)remii;m of $2, to Mr reorge Thompson, of Medford. For the best Carnations, a premium of $2, to essrs Winships, of Brighton. The many specimens of native Flowers pre- nted by Messrs John Russell, Daniel Chandler, id E. M. Richards, have rendered the weekly iiifl :liibitions of the Society peculiarly interesting. By order of the Committee, R. L. EMMONS, Chairman. N. B. Those members to whom premiums ve been awarded, can obtain an order on the 'easurer for the amount, on application to the 4airmau of the Coninnttee. whole, wo shall find the remark not only generally | taking from the groimd. Cabbagi^s in a state of nature, are little better than wild mustard ; and cotton, now one of the principal staples, and a source of wealth to our country, in its original state, could scarcely be appropriated to the use of man. These are but few in.stances ; the whole catalogue of agricultiu'al products were in the same state, till linuuiu wisdom and industry im proved iheni by cultivation. If, then, such has been done, may we not fairly conclude that the process of improvement may be continued ? for, as it is not allowed to hunian nature to attain a state of perfection, so we may fiiirly conclude that the works of man are imperfect and are capable, of improvement ad infinitum. — American Farmer. FOU THE NEW ENGLAND FARiMER. PROLIFIC SHEEP. (Mr Ff.sse.nden — Having lately visited Col. John le of Clielsen, and noticed young lambs among flock, he informed me, that the last year he 1 44 ewes of mixed breed, which began to pro- e l now on his farm, a Bull Calf, of six months oW (,( which weighs 600 lbs. — and another of iivoinontll j, and seventeen days, which weighs 465 lbs. Thi „ stock is of the short horned Durham breed, iafj;,.i ported a few years hack by the Agricultural Socl ty of this Province. — St Jolin.[A'. B.) Gazette. Grapes. — The Boston Transcript says that u wards of one hundred thousand pounds of grapi are annually raised in that vicinity. We believ( much larger quantity is raised near Philadelpliii and have no doubt that if ten times as many Wj cultivated they would be foiuul among the profitable production of a garden or farm, do not refer to their use in the manufacture wine, hut merely as a fresh fruit in the mw^t Vol. IX.— N AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 173 wlieic, ill theii- proper season they always coin- uinml a good prici ami lueel a rapiil sale. — U. S. Gazdle. Cape Broccoli in Ballimorc. — This most excellent vcgeialile has heeii quite coiimion in our niurUet, and is raised in groat iierloction. A day or two since a couple were presented to us by Air Samuel Feast, raised at his garden on the Frederick road, which siir|.assed any we had before seen, lor size, firmness, and richness. We were so anxious to test their excellence by the palate, that wc (jnite forgot the more scientific but more fallihlo tests of tlie rule and scale ; hut we do not overrate them in saying that they measured ten or twelve inches iu dianii'ter, exclusive of the leaves. Thoy were of the improved purple kind. Owing to the peculiarly favorable season, Urocoli and Cauliflowers, arc cheap as well ns plentiful in our markets, and thus many who have hereto- fore looked upon them as delicacies beyond their reach, have been ciHihled to try them ; and hence a knowledge of their good qualities has been diffus- ed, and the gardeners will he encouraged to extend the culiivatiuu of them by an increased demand. (I We have seen line large Cauliflowers and Broccoli 10 ?old at 6J cents, such as could seldom have been )btained in any previous season for less than 12J ;ts. and such as we have often seen sold at 25 irltents. — ..im. Farmer. ':.■ President, Herman Knicktrbarker, of Seha^ticoke ; 3d Vice President, Bleliard P. Hart, of Troy ; •1th Vice President, John CoryjCT^C)-, of lloosic ; Corresi)onding Secretary, O. L. Hollei/, of Troy ; Recording Secretary, JUhert P. Ikarlt, of Troy ; Treasurer, John Me Couii, of Troy. — jV. Y. Farm. The Southern Review is discontinued for want of ])atronuge. It has been in existence three years. Flint's jrcslern RcDtcK), though ably conducted, has met a similar fate. Four newspapers have been discontinu(Ml in Maine within the last three weeks, viz. the .Maine Gazette, Bath ; the Thomaston lie- gister, the ll'iscasset Citizen and the Saco Palladium. A person called and left at our otiice yesterday, a .Mammoth Pear, weighing, when taken from the tree, thirtyfive op.xces. It was raised by one of our subscribers, in Oley township, Berks coun- ty. The person who left the giant of fruit, did not inform us of the name of the person whose trees are thus gifted. — Conn, paper. South Carolina Silk and its Mamifaclure.-^We ave in our ])Ossession a jwir qf silk stocldiigs, le material of which was raised by iMiss HaVriet Vinn, of Wiimsborough, in Fairfield Districtjiaiid nil by that yoimg lady's ow n hands ; whit^fjiefery oe to whoiri Wft-'^uVe shviwil them, prono;uic.-j irticularly beautiful. They are certainly beyond ly ideas that we bad formed of the perfection bicli this interesting cnltm-e bad reached iu 3utli Carolina. It is almost impossible to dis- iguish tliem from the finest specimeiis of woven isiery, and they entitle our fair friend to very eat jiraisc for patriotism and ingenuity. Such a ecimcn, in our opinion, settles the practicaliility silk cultivation iu our state. — Camden Journal. Vslf.l h^, 1 A corres]>ondent says the domestic exports o ■uth Carolina to foreign countries amounted last ar to .$8,000,000 ; and be hopes to see the lime len the domestic exports of Massachusetts will ount to an equal sum, and fiirnish cargoes for many ships. Here the exports come from toil, i there from soil. — Palladium. Cure for Bloating in Cattle. — The Volatile Spi- of Ammonia is said to be used in France with at success \a the cure of Bloating, a disease sing from excessive eating of green grass. ' Its init ion is chemical, ' says the American Citizen, composing tlic gas generated in the stomach by mentation. ' We suppose the gas generatcil is ffi carbonic, and that the Ammonia does not de- ipose but unites with it. We know not why water would not have the same effect. ■*. Officers of the Horticultural Society of Rensselaer ' • miy. — We perceive by the Troy Sentinel that society has gone into successful operation. ! constitution and by-laws are substantially same as those of the New York and Albany licultural Societies. The officers are. President, t D. Dickinson, of Troy ; 1st 'Vice-President, neliu3 Lansins; of Lausingburgh ; 2d Vice Prince Edwards Island Cattle Show. — The P. E. Island Register of the 2d ult., contains an account of the Annual Cattle Show held at Charlotte town, in the last week of October, at which the crowd of competitors far exceeded in number any former exhibition — while the s()ecimens of stock and Agricultural produce displayed, proved the S[)irit of rivalry which is now animating the farm- ing classes of the Island. .1 Composition for the Shoes of Gardeners. — Take one pint of boiled linseed oil ; two ounces yellow wax ; one ounce Burgimdy pitch ; two ounces spirit of turpentine. Mek the ingredients well together, over a slow fire, and apply the composi- tion to the shoes with an ordinary brush, repeating the operation as often as the ointment will dry in the sun. — This composition not only renders the shoes more impervious to wet, but preserves and gives a tone to the leather, and enables it afterwards to take an exceedingly fine polish from blacking. I would therefore, recommend its use, not only for strong shoes to gardeners, farmers, sportsmen, &;c, who are obliged to be much ex- posed to the wet, but for shoes and boots in gener- al. The composition may be kept in an earthen cup or gallipot for a length of time, and laid by for use as occasion requires. — Gardencr''s Magazine. Horticultural Society of Charleston. — A Society under the above title has recently been established at this place, the objects of which are, to effect an improvement in the culture of such vegetables and fruits as are now grown among us ; to intro- duce new ipocies and varieties, and to encourage a taste for Floriculture and ornamental gardening. The Society has determined on establishing an an- nual exhibition of vegetables, fruits and flowers at which premiums will be awarded, for the best specimens. Also, for such others as cannot be exhibited at those seasons. — Southern .Agriculturist. In company with the Rev. Dr Milnor who has just returned to New York from Eurojie, is Mr Leon Vayssc, a Professor from the Royal Institu- tion for Deaf mutes in Paris. Professor Vaysse comes with high reconmiendations from the Abbe Borce, Director of that Institution, and he brings with him a knowledge of all the improvements in the art of instructing mutes, since the death of the Abbe Sicard. 3tr Vaysse has been engaged as a Professor in the New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, in the vicinity of that city. — Baltimore Paliiot. Connecticut liiver A''avigation. — A meeting was lalc- ly hclJ at Hartford, ronsisliiig ot citizciisi oftliattown, to consider Ihe siilijcct ot llic pioposed steamboat line up the Connecticut to Wells' liver. A good spirit was man- ifested and half (he stock allotted to that city was imme- diately taken up. The Haverhill N. H. Post says that when ihe steamboats are establislied the transporlalion |f)r Ihat part of the country will he done to and from N. V oik for $15 a ton, whereas it now costs them .'jJ-lO to and bom Boston, a saving of .$25 dollars per ton, or a prcmi- nm of that amount to all who go to N. York instead of Boston as they do at present ! Rail Roads.— The Rail Roads making in Now Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, and that projected from Bal- timore to Washington, it is said will make a complete line from the Federal City to New-yoik--300 miles. Cider. — As tlie time for laying in cider has come, I would observe that mustard seed put into new cider will keep it much better than any other thing I have tried. 1 put a half pint common mustard seed into a barrel of new cider last fall, and let it remain on the lees, with- out drawing of, nnlil it was all used, and it kept perfectly sweet to the last — not the new sickly sweet, but more like mellow old wine. The cider lasted a little of the mustard, but some gentlemen who drank it thought it was improved by it. — .Vewburyport Herald. We have heard several judicious persons who had tried the mustard seed, recommend it very l:ighly. — Dover Inq. It is said that there were but 40 hours of clear weather in the whole month of November. .1 Rarity. — A salmon was lately exhibited in-41osto« m;u-ket, suppossed to weigh nearly sixteen pounds, and estimated at $25 value. .dn old Standard. — There is a tavern house in Sud- bury 114 years old. The first man who kept it as a pub- lic house, was Mr David Howe. He occupied it till his son, Mr Ezekiel Howe, took it in 1746. In 1776, Ihe present jcitpsr.t. Mr .\dam Howe, -sacccedcd lils fath- er in the same employment. In the same family there is a coat of arms, which has been handed down froai gen- eration to generation since 1606— also a silver spoon since 1619 — besides a large table and other articles of household furniture since the erection of llie house in 1685. From Prince's Pumological Manual, now in press. LONG ROSE-WATER. Auth. 1 adopt the above title for a pear received about eight years ago, frotn Paris under the name of Caillot rosat, and I think it may possibly prove to be the German variety so called, and mentioned in the Po- mological Magazine as a long' fruit. The tree is re- markably vigorous in its growth, and its form is very regular and handsome. It last year produced fruit of a delicious quality ; the pear was nearly as long as the Epargne, not so large at the base, and diminishing towards the stem ; its color was green when gathered in October, but acquired a yellow hue when at maturity, which was in Novem- ber or December. The flesh was very rich, juicv, and high flavored ; and although I had but one fruit, and did not therefore test its value as a keeping pear, I was highly gratified with it, and I deem it one of the very best of its season. I have as yet seen no description whereby to fully identify it ; but the appearance of the tree is socbaracteristic.tliat it can- not readily be mistaken for any other, and it must without doubt be known to some of the numerous writers on the subject. Summer Melttng. Pr. cat. Fondante d'ete. This is a tree of the most vigorous growth and flourishing appearance, shooting erect into a stately form ; the fruit is of fair size, ripens in August, and it has by some been considered the best pear of its 174 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 17, 1830. season. After it comes into bearing, it increases fected. In answering tlie foregoinj,' inquiries, you annually in fertility and the quantity of its produce 1 may confer a favor upon more of your patrons but it attains considerable size before it produces freely. I received the original tree of this variety in 1802, from a person then resident in Baltimore, who was very curious in fruits, and who had a number of French varieties of pears. It was on a quince stock and soon bore fruit, which was lar- ger, handsomer, and more melting than any I have since had on pear stocks. Red Cheek, Pr. Cat. English red cheek. Pr. Cat. 25 ed. This pear is cultivated at Rhode Island under the name given above as a synonyme, whence it was brouglit to Long Island. It is a bell shaped fruit, of a beautiful yellow color, with a red cheek ; it is not quite as large as the St Michael or Vir- galieu, — is considered a very good fruit when not over ripe, and the tree bears well; it ripens at the latter pait of August. A tree imported from France, but whose name is unknown, has produced fruit precisely like the foregoing, and it is therefore most probable that the variety is of French origin. than Worcester County, Dec. ONE. 1830. mmW 33Sf(&2.iiSr2) IFASiSliaSa BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1830. LARGE HOGS. Jlr Alanson Sessions, of Cumberland, R. I. on Tuesday last, sold to Messrs C. H. and 11. Brackett, of the Boston Merchants' Hall Market, two hogs, one of which weighed 675 lbs. the other 645. The largest had not been able to get up alone for two months before he was Ijilled. Large Cabbages. — Messrs Fenno and Patson, of Chelsea, Mass. have raised two Drumhead Cabbages this season, whicli weighed 25 lbs. each, after being divested of their stumps and outside leaves. Qimrlerly Review. — Lillv & Wait, Court Street, Boston, have just re-published the 86tli No. of this vahiablo Journal, which contains elaborate articles on the Decline of Science in England ; on Credit Currency ; on the Life of Bishop Hcber ; on the Principles of Geology ; Southey's new edition of Bunyan'.s Pilgrim's Progiess ; on the Affairs of Greece ; on an edition of the New Testament into the Negro-English language, by the Wissionaries of the United Brethren ; on the late affairs of France. Published quarterly, at $5,00 ])er annum. FOR THE NEW KNGLAND FARMER. GLANDERS IN HORSES. Mr Fessenden — If consistent with the object of your useful paper, will you have the goodness to answer the following questions : 1. What are certain signs that a horse has the disorder called the glanders ? 2. Is there any certain cure for this disorder ? 3. If there be, by what means can it be effect- ed ? I am acquainted with some things said to be useful, and have employed them, but with very little success, /know of no cure; if there be one, I very much wish to know how it can be ef- Remarks by the Editor. — An obliging friend in this vicinity, who has the care of many horses, iias furnished us with the following reply to the above. Glanders, commonly called the Horse Distem- per, is always accompanied with a discharge of matter from the nostrils, and a swelling of the glands under the throat. When the bones become rotten in that part, it is generally incurable — and this may be known by the bad smell which it produces in such cases; for the most part it is sure death ; not one in ahunilred recovers. The treatment recommended iu Gibson's Far- riery for this disease, while in its first and second stages, is, to make use of purges, diaphoretics, and roweling in the hinder parts. We imagine that roweling in the breast will answer the same purpose. To clear '.he nostrils, Gibson recom- mends passing the fumes of burnt brimstone or burnt leather into the nose of the horse, and after the matter has been discharged, to syringe his nos- trils with brandy or red wine. Afterwards, he says, a small quantity of Unguentum Egyptianum, dissolved in oil of turpentine, may be injected through a large pipe, for the purpose of cleansing the ulcerated parts. A particular account of this disease will be found iu N. E. Farmer, v. 8, p. 412. State of New York. — We gather from Mr Butler's Anniversary Discourse before the Albany Institute, the following interesting facts respecting the State of New York. In 1790, the population was 340,000. It is now about 2 millions I Being an increase in 40 years of one million, six hundred and sixty thousand ! There are in the state 8 million acres of improved land. The number of counties, separately organ- ized is 55. There are 757 towns, 93 incorporated villages and 5 incorporated cities, one of which contains more than two hundred thousand inhabi- tants. The canal navigation constructed and owned by the state, is 484 miles, and 81 by an incorporat- ed company. From salt springs in the state, nearly a million and a half bushels of salt are made yearly. There are 1406 post offices — 70 ' steam boats — 211 newspapers, 14 of them daily — 214 incorporated manufacturing companies, and sever- al hundred not incorporated — 44 banks, anrgo, No. I, C 50 1 00 Cargo, No. 2 liUTTER, irrspecled, No. 1, r G 00 fi 25 cw, - pound. 11 15 CIIKESL, new milk, " (i 8 Skimmed milk, " i FLAXSEED, 1 12 1 60 FLUUK, l»aitiinoie,Howard.9lreet, - barrel. .5 75 a 87 Ooiresee, '* 5 62 5 87 " 5 25 5 37 BaUimore, wharf. . " 6 12 5 25 GRAIN, Corn, rrorrhern. . bushel. 63 65 Corn, Soirllrern Y^ellow, " eo 61 Rye, " 71 63 Barley, " .■JS GO Oals, " 3(i 38 HAY', cwt. Co 70 HOG'S LARD, first sort, new cwt. 10 00 11 OO HtiPS, Islqualilv, " 14 00 15 00 LIME, cask. 2 70 , ''•'* PLAISTER PARIS retails at Ion. 2 73 3 00 PORK, clear. jarrel. IG 00 1/ 00 Navy mess. " 12 00 12 60 Cargo, No, I, " 12.50 1^75 SEEDS, Herd's Grass, bushel. 1 75 2 00 Red Top (nortltemj " 62 75 Lucerne, pound. .•?,3 38 Red Clover, (rrorthern - " 10 U WOOL, IMerino, full blood, wa heel, - " 50 62 Merino, full blond, unwashed, " 30 85 Merino, mi.\ed wirlr Saxon3> " 02 67 Merino, llrr-ee fourlhs v vasliod, " S2 67 Merino, half blood. - " 47 50 Merino, quarler. " 37 40 Nalive, washed, " 3i; 33 Pulled, La.>rli's, firs, s Dri, - " SO 53 Pulled, Lamb's, second sort. " 40 42 Pulled, " spinning. first sort. 45 PROVISION MAREiET. BEEF, best pieces, PORK, fresh, best pieces, whole ho^s, VEAL, MUTTON, POULTRY, CUTTER, keg and lub, Lump, best, EGGS, MEAL, Rye, retail Indian, retail, POTATOES, CIDER, laccnrding lo qrialiiy] pounrt 7 C '• 5 " 6 *' 4 " fi, " 12 '* 1.S dozeir. 12' bushel. u 20 barrel. 1 00 15 20 14 70 70 SO 2 00 Brighto.n Market — Moitdaii, Dee. 13. [Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot.] Atmarket, this day, 1128 Cattle, 4102 Sheep, and 945 Swine. Prices. — A small gradual rise has been effected today and last Monday, which fixes the price about the same that it was four weeks since, probably a little better on good Cattle. Beef Cattle— From f 3,374 to 4,62^ ; a few extra yoke were taken at 4,75. Barrelling Cattle — Mess, $3,42 a 3,50; No.I,3; No 2 2,67. ■ ' fihecp. — .\ large proportion of which were pelt sheep , and the prices low ; we noticed one lot taken at ,'ftl,12i, one at 1,17, and one at 1.25; lots at 1,42, 1,.50 and 1,75 ; we also noticed one lot of 170 whethers taken at $3,25. Swine. — Sales not so brisk, and prices about the same ; we noticed the sale of one lot of 50 barrows at 5 e. ; also one lot of about 60 sows and barrows at 4| c. ; retail pric e 5c. for sows, and 6c. for barrows. Prices in New York, December li. GRAIN. Wheat, Northern, bush. 1 03 a 1 OG Western, 1 10 a 1 12 Vir-ginia, 96 a 1 05 Rye, Northern, 74 a Oats, Northern, 34 a 3G Corn, Southei-n, 54 a 57 Do. Y'ellow, Northern, 62 a 64 Barley, now. 77 a 78 WOOL. Conjmon fleece, washed lb. 35 a 40 Merino do. do. 40 a 60 Spinning, pulled a Lambs do. IstquaHty 48 a 52 Do. 2d do. 35 a 40 176 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Doc. 17, 1830. MISCELLANIES CURIOUS FACT IN NATURAL HISTORY. ' Wild Goose [Jlnas Canadtnsis.) The Can- atla Wild Goose (says Wilson) is now domestica- ted ill numerous quai'ters of the country, and it is remarkable for Ijcingextremely watchi'ul,and more sensil)le of approaching changesin the atmostpliere tlian tlie ooniinon gray goose, with wliich they readily pair, the female always seeking out the most solitary place for her nest not far from the water. On the approach of every spring liowever these birds discover symptoms of great uneasi- ness-, frequently looking up into tlie air, and at- tempting to go off. Some whose wings liave been cut, have travelled on foot in a northern direction several miles from home. Tiiey hail every flock that passes overhead, and the salute is sure to be returned by the voyagers, who are only preveifted from alighting by the presence and habitations of man. The strong disposition of wounded wild geese to migrate to the north in spring, when thoir wounds have healed, induces them somfitiincs to mount into the higher regions of the air and jom the passing parties to the north, and extraordi- nary as it may appear to retxirn again the succeeding spring.' In corroboration of the aliove the following cir- cumstance was related to me, by an old gentleman, belonging to the family of Shakers at Alfred. He observed, tliat a neighbor of his, a few years since, Iiaving upon his farm a female wild goose, which he had kept some time, seeing in the spring a flock taking their accustomed flight to the north, and, ac- tuated by that strong instinct of migratory birds, im- mediately joined bis old associates and dissappear- cd. The fall f5)llowing, as tlie geese were return- ing to their winter quarters, he was surprised to find one morning, that the identical goose which left him in the spring had returned with three others which he [iresumed were her young. — Salem Observer. The Marquis Marbois in the introduction to his history of Louisiana speaks thus of the supreme tribunal of our country. > There is at Washington a power which has neither guards, nor palaces, nor treasures ; it is neither surrounded by clerks nor overloaded with records. It has for its arms i.only truth and wis- dom. Its maguiticence consists in its justice and ill the publicity of its acts. This power is called the Supreme Court of the United States.' Law. — Home Tooke used to say, that law, in his opinion, ought not to be a luxury for the rich but a remedy to the ^oor. When told that the course of justice was open to all, he icplied so is the Lon- don Tavern, to such as can pay their entertainment. Imperia, the Lais of Modern Rome, like her Grecian prototype, found Princes anxious for fa- vors. The splendor with which she received her visitor lias never been surpassed. Such was the elegance of her apartments, that the Ambassador of the Spanish monarch, on a visit he paid her, spat in the face of one of the servants, excusing himself by observing, that it was the only place he could find fit for the purpose. — Roscoe's Leo X. The following sign may be seen in Salisbury Eng. — 'Talile bear sold hear.' A wag asked if the bear was the man's own bruin. Specie — The New York Journal of Commerce says — It is estimated, by those who understand such matters, that the Banks in that city have now on hand seven millions of dollars in specie and it con- tinues to flow in from all quarters. The vaults are already overflowing, and some of the Banks will soon be compelled to rent larger accommodations, in which to store thoir redundant barrels of dollars. The legal interest on this mass of idle capital, wonlil he almost half a million annually. Bestow thy youth so that thou mayest have coni- fjit to remember it, when it hath forsaken thee and not sigh and grieve at the account thereof. While thou art young thou will think it will never have an end : but behold, the longest day hath its evening, and that thou shalt enjoy it but once, that it never turns again ; use it therefore as the spring time, which soon departetli, and wherein thou mightest to plant and sow all jirovisions for a long and happy life — [Sir Walter Raleigh to his Son.] REWARD OF FLATTERY. Frederick William, father of Frederic the Great ol Prussia, painted, or fancied he painted ; but his works were mere daubs. Such, however, was not the language of his courtiers, when descanting on the merits of the royal Apelles. On one occasion his Majesty favored them with the sight of a new specimen. ' Suppose,' said the King, ' that some great painter, Rubens or Ra- phael, for instance, had painted this picture ; do you think It would fetch a considerable price .'' 'Sire,' replied the Baron de Polnilz, who pas«esdt6i the most practised and the most obsequious of his Majesty's courtiers, ' I assure your Majesty that a connoisseur could not offer less for such a picture than 25,000 florins.' 'Well, then, baron,' cried tlie gratified monarch, ' you shall receive a proof of my munificence. Take the picture for 5,000 florins, which you shall pay me in ready money ; and as I wish to render you a service, you have my permission to sell it again.' ' Ah, sire,' cried the Baron, who was fairly caught in his own snare, ' I can never consent to take advantage of your majesty's generosity.* ' No re- ply,' said the King ; ' I know tliat I make you a liand- some present, by which you will gain 15,000 florins or more. But your zeal for my interest has been proved, and I owe you some recompense. Your love for the arts as well as your attachment to my person, entitle you to this mark of my esteem.' INSTINCT OF. THE DOG. At a Convent in France, where twenty paupers were served with dinner every daj' at a certain hour, a dog, belonging to the Convent, did not fail lo be present at the repast, to receive the orts and ends, which were now and then thrown to him. The guests however, were poor, and hungry, and of course not disposed to be waste- ful ; so that the dog did little more than scent the feast, of which he would have fain partaken. The portions were served by a person at the ringing of a bell, and de- livered oui, by means of what is there called a Tour ; which is a machine like the section of a cask, and, by turning round upon a pivot, exhibits whatever is placed on the hollow side, without discovering the person who moves it. One day, this dog, who had received only a few scraps, waited till the paupers were all gone, then took the rope in his mouth, and rung the bell. The stratagem suc- ceeded. He repeated it the next day, with the same good fortune. At length, the cook finding that twenty- one portions were given out, instead of twenty, deter- mined to discover tlie trick ; in doing which he had no great ditHculty ; for placing himself where he could see, without being seen, and perceiving all the paupers, as they came in great regularity for their different portions, and that there was no intruder except the dog, he began to suspect the real truth, which he was presently con- tirmed in. The dog waited till the visiters were all gone, and then deliberately walked up, and pulled the bell. — The matter was related to the community, and to reward him for his ingenuily, he was permitted to ring the bell every day for his dinner, vvhen a mess of broken victuals was regularly served out to him. — Youth's Keepsake. Two youths lately fought a duel at New Orleans, fust wilh swords ; but neither falling, they look pistols and exchanged shot? without eflect; then resumed their swords and both fell, one to expire in a few seconds, and the other as it is supposed in a few days, Durham Short Horns. For sale, several of the pure breed, descendants of the celebrated animals presented by Admir-^l Sir Isaac Coffin, to the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. The pedigree of these animals can be given as far back as Hubback, who was calved in 1777, and is reputed the foundation of this much admired stock. Also, several Heifers bred from the same, of various grades, from half up to seven eighths blooded animals. For particulars, inquire of E. Hersev Derby, Salem. Salem, October, 1830. Bolivar Calves, Saxony Bucks, and Bremen (lu.yi . For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired by the celebrated iiiipoiti •! improved Durham short horned bull Bolivar, which stock have produced 3(j quarts of milk a day. No. I, dam Grey Brown, half Coelebs and half Galloway. No. 2, dam .Tuno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, her sire Cielebs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Covy. No. 4, dam :Beauty, half Ccelebs and half Galloway. The Calves are beautiful, and tli'eir dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlings, and 2 Lambs. 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shurt- Icli, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. July 9. Culture of Silk. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 5"2 North Market-street — Essays on American Silk, and the best means of ren- dering it a source of individual and national wealth ; with Directions to Farmers for raising Silk Worms — By John D'Homergue, Silk Manufacturer, and Peter S. Du Pon- ceau— Price 62i cents. Also, Directions for the Rearing of Silk Worms, and. the Culture of the White Mulberry Tree. Published by the Pennsylvania Society associated for the Promotion oi those objects, (an excellent, plain, practical work.) — Price 25 cents. Catawba Grape Vines. THE GENUINE SORT. For sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market-street— 50 Vines of tlie true Catawba Grape, one year old. price 75 cts. each. This is one of the best native, table, or wine Grapes cultivated ; the bunches large, witb shoulders, very thickly set, with large berries of a palw red or lilac color, and in some situations covered with v beautiful bloom, giving them ablueish purple appearance They have a slight musky taste, and delicate flavor. They have a thin skin, very little pulp, are perfectly bar dy, and surpass most of the native grapes that have beet exhibited at the Hall of the Massacliusetts Horticulturai Society, the two past seasons. The pulp diminishes an64 almost disappears when they are left on the vine till thcjf attain to perfect maturity. The vines are great bearers one vine in Mrs Schell's garden, in Clarksburg, Mary^ land, has produced eight bushels of grapes in one seasom i — and eleven younger vines in the garden of Joshua John* , son, Esq. of the same State, have produced in one season " thirty bushels of fruit. A particular history and dcscrip' tion of this fine grape will be found in Prince's new! Treatise on the Vine, just published. There can be mistake with regard to the identity of the above vines, __^ they are all from tlfe garden of Mr Seaver, who raised "' the first Catawba Grapes ever exhibited in Massachusettt ji 1» 6, Silk Cocoons wanted. Cash and a fair price will be given at the New England Seed Store, No, 52 North Market Street, for about 20 11^ of prime Silk Cocoons, to be delivered soon. ' ' 3t. Nov. 26. ti Published every Friday, at g3 per annum, payable attM " and of the year-but those who pay within sixty days fromthM time ofeubscribing, are entitled to a deduction of lifty ceota«l , 03= No paper will be sent to a distance without p.iymert( ^ being made in advance. . m *" Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts — by whom all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet tbt wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. B^ Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 NortI Market Street. AGENTS. New Vor^^— GThohburn & .Sons, G7Liberly-slrcel. Pliiladelpliia—^). & C. LANDRETH.iiS Chcslnul-slrcct. Baltimore— G . li. Smith, OIBce oflhe American Farmer, Aibami — Hon. Jesse Buel. Flushing, N. Y. WiM. Prince &. Sor(s,Prop. Lin. Bol. Garde* Uarlford—Goon-witi & Sons. Newburyport, Ehenezer Stedman, Bookseller. Augusta, Me. VVm. Mann. «iVi/kr,N. S.— P. J. HoLLANn, Esq. Recorder Office. Montreal, L. C— A. Bowman, Bookf»Jler. :^EW EJ\GL.AJVD FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREETj VOL.. IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, D MX) EMBER34, 183 O. NO. 23. 4i vS}- U2 It >J ^ l£i IS W^ lli ^ « FOR THE N£W ENGLAND FARMER. Mr Editor — I sometimes make extracts and notes when I rend. I send you a sheet of these, which you are at liberty to dis[iose of at the time, «nd in tlie manner, you deem proper. Respectfully yours, Albany, Dec. 9, 1S30. J. BUEL. PLANTING. HEALING WOUNDS IX TREES. ' I have adopted a system of planting,' says Mr Blaikie, an eminent landscape gardener, ' by which I can remove trees at all seasons. As soon as they are taken up, I dip their roots in a puddle of X)wdung and loam, which preserves their fibres roin the influence of the air. When this practice 3 adoi)ted in the winter season, the plants may be ent to any distance, or kept out of the ground )r weeks (in the climate of France) without the lightest injury ; and I have frequently transplant- f ti trees in the heat of summer by this precaution, ad with perfect success.' The cowdung is oth- wise beneficial than by preventing the roots from le influence of the air. It is not only nutritive the plant, but the most healing salve for the' ounds of vegetables that I know of It excels orsyth's celebrated composition, with the ad- mtage that it costs nothing, and isalways at hand. Ihen applied to fresh wounds, and secured by a Bht bandage, it almost invariably effects a cure. ty of the .soil in which it was found growing. Care- ful c.\i)erimcnts would probably show a like result in regard to the other earths. WHEAT. I some years ago ventured an opinion, in the New England Fanner, as to the cause of wheat not producing well on the premature soils of New England, viz. because these soils did not contain anything which had been animal matter, or any material which would afi'ord nitrogen, an essential element of the gluten of wheat ; and I suggest- ed that this deficiency might be supplied by ani- mal matters, as bones, horns, hair, soap boilers' waste, manure from a slaughter house, urine, &c. If any gentleman has made a satisfactory experi- ment, by which to test the correctness of this opin- ion, or can give any information in relation to its soundness, from his observation or experience, he will confer a ])articular favor by communicating the result through your paper. SALT, A3 A MANURE. I Whe testimony of eminent men in favor of ap- ing salt as a manure is so strong as to shake opinion of the most sceptical. Lord Bacon * wmmends it for the beet, and the garden gene |y ; G. Sinclair for the carrot ; the Rev. Mr ttwright for potatoes ; Sir T. Auckland for man- (Wurtzel ; several for flax and asparagus ; Iloyg, florist, for bulbs, particularly the hyacinti ; ii cb latter he declares will never grow well at • stance from the sea without it. The Dut:h .sts, who flower the hyacinth in great perfcc- , and who supply half the world with its bubs, mode of culture which strengthens Mr [g's opinion of the efficacy of salt. They raise where the water (which I presume is saliie) s within two feet of the surface, the ujipcr :a of the beds being entirely of sand. This does not bloom well in the interior, and I making an experiment to ascertain how far it be improved by salt. ths are found in vegetables; but whether 1 constitute a part of their proper food, is yet Itter of dispute. Sanssure's experiments go pr to prove the negative. He analyzed the of two pinus iibics, (spruce) one growing oi Inite, and the other on a calcareous soil. Ii liarts of the first, he found 13 of silex, 15 o' Ina, and 46 of carbonate of lime. In 10( of the latter, no silex, 16 of alumina, am, carbonate of lime, Hanes it would seem, lilex was not necessary to the growth of this STIRRING LAND IN WARM WEATHER. Withers says, in his Memoirs on Planting, and he says truly, that ' stirring land in dry weather, is tlie only e ffeclual method of keeping it in a moist state.' Thus many err in not stirring the grounci among their crops, because the weather is too dry ; others delay the operation of hoeing, to the prejudice of their crop, lest by destroying the words they expose the soil to the more severe in- flu;nce of the sun and ilrought. The reverse happen.s. Weeds exhaust the moisture of the soil. The evaporation caused by them is in the ratio of the entire superficial surface of their leaves and stems. The best precaution against drought is to keep lands rich, clear and light. Although I concur with Mr Withers, as to the efl^ect of stirring land in dry weather, I do not wholly agree with him as to the governing cause of that eflfect. He imputes it wholly to the loose mould detached by the hoe operating as a shade to the soil beneath — I ascribe it to the com!)ined influence of heat, light, air and moisture, to which stirring renders the soil more permiable. Heat rarefies the moisture in the subsoil, and induces it to ascend to the upper stratum. In the dark no oxygen is given off by plants, nor carbonic acid gas absorbed, processes indispensable to healthy vegetation ; and roots are the main organs of ab- sorption. The atmosphere contains prepared food for vegetables, as well as moisture, at all times ; it penetrates a loose soil freely, and the roots seize and approjjriate that which is congenial to their wants. Dews falling upon a hard surface, remain, and are evaporated by the morning sun. They fall upon a stirred soil as upon a sponge ; are im- mediately disseminated through the surrounding mass, and itnpart vigor to the plant ere they are dissipated by the morning. Books afford nume- rous instances of working the ground among crops in dry weather. Curwen grew cabbages to the weight of 50 «nd 60 pounds each, and he as- cribed their uncommon size to the beneficial ef- half a dozen cabbages or hills of corn, by stirring the ground frequently about one part, and leavipg the other unloosed, in dry weather. TKEF.S. It i^ a custom in Turkey, says Dr Walsh, to plant a platarnus oricn(a/Js (button wood tree) on the birth of a son, and a cypress on the death of one. Were this custom adopteloyment ; there being very little of folmer required, and the latter being chiefly t taken from those classes that are now idle and'ill pi"bductive. It will, besides, bring into use thi lands which by nature or mistaken managements n*w totally unproductive ; there are millions aeresof this ' oldfield,' waste land, in the U. Stnti and nnich of it in the most thickly settled Btati A\ Vol. IX.— No. 2:5. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 179 wliich may he ocoiipieil witli mulberry orcliarils, ami llU]» iTiiHeroil iirofiti\l)lo. There ran be iiu doubt, tlieri-tore, of llie policy of intr»rts — first by discouraging them, and secondly by creating a monopoly against which no other establishment could contend. It would fail of its object, because flo young men in the difterent states, would be if* Kbund able, or if aide, willing, to incur the expense nf travelling to and fro, board, &c, to attend two annual courses of tuition of five months each in a iistant city, for an object so easily attainable at lome. It would be impolitic and unjust, because I excludes competition in the pursuit of its advan- :ages, confining them to a single individual. But if in no other respect objectionable, it is untimely, and will utterly fail of its object ; on this account it would be like a farmer preparing to make cider before ho had planted his Achard. There is an abundance of knowledge or the silk business in the United States to work all the raw material that can 1)0 produced by our present supply of nud- berry trees, and by the time the orchards now planting shall come into use, our knowledge of the art will become sufficiently extended for their use. The only mode of government patronage which we thiidc at all admissible, in addition to that now otiered by the duties on the imported article, is that of bjunty. Let government appropriate the forty thousand dollars as a bounty fund, to be paid for the cultivation of nuilberry trees and the production of sdk, and it will call into action more silk reels than five hundred such appropriations where individual competition is excluded. The details of such a mode of encouragement are simple. To every iiulividual who should prove to tlie satisfaction of the govermnent, that he had planted out an orchard of one thousand nmlberry trees with a view to the cultivation of silk, let a bounty of fifty dollars be given, and to him who shall l)rove in like manner that he had made one or more pounds of merchantable silk, let five dol- lars for every pound be paid, or a sum in propor- tion to the value of the kind of silk produced. This woidd be real encouragement to the silk cul- ture and would facilitate its introduction. Besides all who have contributed to the support of the government, would have a chance for the enjoy- ment of its advantages in this respect. There is another plan of encouraging the silk culture which we have long intended to recom- mend, and which we think betterof, even than the last suggested — it is in its detail the same as the above, but a measure of the individual states. Some state legislatures have had the subject be- fore them, but none have acted upon it with sufficient energy to lead to any efficient result, Maryland and Delaware, above all, should act upon it without delay. But let them and all other states beware of any other mode than that of bounty, above suggested ; for they may be assured that any money given for this object in any other way than that of bounty will be absolutely thrown away, and probably act detrimentally, by causing a relaxation of individual exertion, on which alone all enterprises of this kind must in the na- ture of things depend. — Jim. Farmer. CULTURE OF SILK. We have had the pleasure of attending an in- teresting course of Lectures in this town, during the past week, by J. II. Cobb, Esq. of Dedham, Mass. on subjects connected with this valuable produce. The course consisted of four lectures, which were given in four successive evenings, as follows : 1. On the history of silk and the importance of its culture in the United States. 2. Oil Silk Worms, and the art of rearing them. 3. On the culture of the Mulberry Tree. 4. On the art of Reeling and Manufacturing Silk. These Lectures were accompanied by an ex- hibition of Silk, in its various stages of prepar- ation, raised in this country : the eggs of the Silk Worms were distributed gratuitously. There was also exhibited, the Improved Silk Reel, by meaue of which, silk was extracted from tho cocoons with great ease and despatch, and which was of excellent (piality, the thread being even and uni- form. The iiremium of the Ma.ssachnsetts Agri- cultural Society, was awarded to the Proprietor of this reel. Mr C. demonstrated witii great clearness and accuracy, the jirofits which had been and might be derived from this business, and made it very apparent, that if the While Mulberry should be cultivated on the sides of the streets ami lanes in this town, the leaves of the trees with little care and attention on the ])art of the inhabitants, might in a few year.', yield more profits than would be sufficient to pay the whole town expenses. Wo understand that a nmnbcr of our enter- prising citizens are about engaging in the above business. — Warren R. 1. Star. Freezing of Water. — The expansion of water in freezing has often split rocks and trees. Accord- ing tc^some calculations, a spherule of water 1 inch in diameter, expands in freezing with a force equal to the resistance of 13J tons weight. Fresh water freezes at 32 deg. salt water at 28 Fahren. An animal might be frozen to death in the heat of sunmier, when exposed to the rays of the sun, or in the shade by repeatedly sprinkling ether upon it. Its evaporation would soon carry off the vital heat and produce death. Water thrown on hot iron, acts in tlie same way; it becomes instantaneously converted into vapor, and this deprives the iron of a great portion of the caloric it contains. We cannot increase the heat of boiling water, for when it reach- es that point, the vapor or steam absorbs the heat, and carries it off as fast as it is generated. Sub- stances usually become more dense by the loss of caloric, but the freezing of the water is a striking exce])tion to this law of nature, showing the prov- ident care of the Almighty, when he established the laws of matter. Ice Boxes, made with strong double casing at the sides and bottom, leaving an opening of three quarters of an inch in width, all the way roimd, to be filled with powdered charcoal rammed in tight, the bottom sloping so as to let the water run ofT through a small aperture, and the top made very tight, to shut down close, with an intermediate or middle shelf, is a great preserver of ice and provis- ions. Economical Lamp. — In the absence of lamp oil, you will find that hogslard, which isalvvays at hand, will serve as a make shift, if you insert a piece of knitting needle alongside of the wick, that shall extend from the bottom of the lamp to the flame. The heat of the wire will preserve the fluidity of the lard. Diseased Sheep. — The quantity of sheep affected with the rot in the west of England is unparal- leled. In Scotland, too, the disease has become very prevalent. Formerly the mutton from the Highlands was probably the best in the world ; all that is fed in the cultivated lands now is diseased. ffool. — There was a great deal of animation evinced yesterday evening at the sales of Spanish, Australian, and other wool. The attendance of manfacturers and others from Yorkshire and tha West of England was very numerous, and thft wools went off very briskly. — London paper^ 180 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Dec. 24, 1830. ^^lIMIWSrS<@i\^II®ST3« FOR THE WEW ENGLi FARMER. Mr Fessenden — Our practical labors having been suspended by tlie rude visitation of winter, M'e must fall back upon our intellectual resources, and continue the pursuits of horticulture, by an investigation of the theories, which its illustrious professors have established, the scientific princi- ples on which they are founded, and the accumu- lated facts by which they have been illustrated and verified. If we have found pleasure amidst the luxuri- ance of vegetation, and cheering exercise in the cultivation of our fruits and flowers, we should endeavor to increase these delightful soOrces of recreation and health, — of moral and physical en- joyment, by extending the bounds of intelligence, and multiplying the objects of future experiment and attention, during the hibernation of the gar- den. Instructed by the experience of others, we shall welcome the return of spring with joy, and hasten to realize the anticipated results of various projected improvements in the management of our grounds. The literature of horticulture oflTers ample re- sources for whiling away the tedium of winter. In the history, science, art, statistics, and poetry of gardening, there are numerous interesting and splendid works, which will afford not only highly useful information on all the branches of culture, and of general application in the various duties of life, but tend to elevate the mind, and expand the generous sympathies of the heart. Reason and imagination, fact and fiction, utility and ornament, have each their zealous and distinguished votaries, and numerous are the rich offerings which they have dedicated to the several departments of rural economy. There was a time, when the sciences and arts were so unnaturally estranged, that it was rare to find them practically united ; but we now behold them, harmoniously blending their powers, to fa- cilitate the operations and improve the products of mechanical industry. Books are, at last, con- sidered as indispensable to the artizan, as his im- plements of trade. Will the cultivators of the soil consent to fall in the rear of the age, and make no effort to increase their fund of know- ledge ? Where their prosperity and happiness are so essentially dependent upon the skill and intelligence with which their labors are directed, it is impossible that the obvious mode of perfect- ing both should not be adopted. Mere routine is the characteristic of barbariaiis ; their wants being limited, there is no inducement for attempting ex- periments, no cause of rivalry, no stimulus to im- provement ; but the moment civilization com- mences, every facr.lty of the mind is excited into vigorous action, and individuals and nations be- come rich, independent, and happy, in proportion to their [)rogress in intellectual attainments. This is sufliciently shown in the history of an- tiquity, and has been fully illustrated in modern ages. At no period has there been e;»iibited such a general and mighty effort to develope the moral and physical resources of man, and of empires, as the present. No branch of science, of art, or of industry has been neglected. Able and ardent disciples of each are collecting and diffusing in- formation by all the means, which wealth and genius can command. No object is so small as to elude their attention, and none too large, or too distant, for their com|)rchensive and far-reaching grasp. While portions of them arc analyzing, ar- ranging, and giving publicity, to all that is worthy of consideration in the libraries, cabinets, and va- rious public depositories, others are traversing every region of the globe, in search of rare addi- tions to those treasuries of knowledge. Thus whatever new, interesting and valuable products, or facts, are discovered, in any nation, they are sjieedily known in the great marts of intelligence, and become objects of reciprocal exchange and mutual benefit. Horticulture has her full share of learned and industrious colaborators, in this grand republic of letters, science, and art, and she daily hails the return of some enlightened traveller, en- riched with the spoils of distant climes. The recent botanical and horticultural tours of Neill, through Flanders, Holland and France ; of Douglass along the banks of Columbia river ; of Perrotet, among the islands in the Eastern Archi- ])elago ; of Nuttall, through the United States, and of Filippar, over England, are glorious illustra- tions of the prevailing .spirit of enterprize and im- provement. It is not the interests of their own countries merely, which these distinguished gen- tlemen have subserved, but those of general civili- zation, and they merit universal gratitude and commendation. As was promised in a former communication, I enclosf! a very interesting synopsis of the work published by the last named tourist. With sincere respect, Your most obedient servant, H. A. S. DEARBORN. EXTRACT NO. XXXT. From tlie Annaleg D'Horticulture. Abstract of M. Filippar's Agronomical Journey, hy M. SoULANGE BODIN. I obey the orders of the Council, in offering an abstract of the work, presented by M. Filippar, and which is entitled : An Agronomical Journey in England, made in 1829 ; or, An Essay upon the Cultures of that country, compared to those of Franee, — tvith twenty plates. Mr Filipar connnences by giving a sketch of the physical geography of England, and of the soil and agriculture of that kingdom. Soon restricting his observations to horticulture, jjroperly so called, he indulges in reflections upon gardens in general, and observations which more |)articularly relate to the practice. Descending immediately into those details, which the subject requires, he speaks of the gardens of villas — of public gardens — parks and gardens — flovi'er gardens, for plants culti- vated in the open ground — botanic gardens — flower, or ornamental gardens, for green house plants, culinary gardens, or those of domestic economy — fruit gardens — early, or forcing gar- dens, and of nurseries. All of which is conqiriscd m thirteen chapters, at the end of which, he gives an analysis of the soils, and a nomenclatiu'e of the new plants, which he discovered in the establish- ments that he visited. Mr Filipar does not vainly boast of his impar- tiality ; he evinces it throughout his whole wm-k : when it is necessary to collect from afar, a harvest of useful observations, and render them profitable to our own country, it is in thi.- ed l)y the temperate heat of the sun, gives an activity to vegetation, and a tone to the verdups^ which is not generally seen elsewhere : on the other side, the number and situation of the largo estates allow the capitalists to become interested in great speculations, and the pleasures of rural life; and while French cultivators may surpass those of England, they find their intellectual means always paralyzed by the exiguity of tha pecuniary resources, which are directly or indi- rectly at their disposal. I would, if permitted, add to these very jus* observations of Mr Filippar, that England, more than any other country, is essentially industrious, — where every commodity capable of entering into the general circulation, immediately assumes a commercial character, and where the discoveries of science, are so much more highly appreciated, that they can be promptly realized in money. There was a time when the learned botanists of Europe traversed imknown regions, at all risks, to fill their i)ort-feuilles with dried and sterile ])lants. To these botanists have succeeded, since the last centur}', a class of men, no doubt intelli- gent, hut active and interested; they are called collectors of seeds: they travel, not only on their own account, but on that of rich commercial houses, and when, in the midst of unexplored fo»- ests, they can despoil some unknown beautiful tree of its ripe seed, it is not mere grains, which they have collected, hut guineas which their jusi hopes realire, and which will soon amply remu- nerate them for their labors. If vegetation, under the climate of England, receives great assistance froju the air, the sky, the water, its cultures find a no less salutary shelter in j. the multitude of high hedges, extensive lines compact evergreen trees, and the small masses woods, which characterize tiie mmierous forks Great Britain, and which give to the whole com try, tlie smiling aspect of a continued garden The hedges, especially, which are generally sul .-^tituted for walls, break the violence of the winds, and preserve u favorable hunjidity. This dispo- sition, developearatus for boiling potatoes, which your Com tee omit to describe. By transporting stones lilii a distance, the farm is well enclosed with walls, the lots are judiciously arranged and divided W' rail fences. Your Connnittee were pleased with the appi auce of method and neatness thioug-hout. They 111 only add that no spirit of any kind is used on farin^ except a pint of New Rum, when the b, ma7i comes to kill the hogs. MR EUCKMI>'STER S FARM Contains 30 acres, viz : — the house lot of acres of good loamy land — a lot of 12 acres principally for pasturing, of a light strong lo distant about half a mile — a wood lot of e acres at some distance, which your Committee not view — and six acres of reclaimed peat n dow. On about one acre of the house lot, is n th young mnsery of apple, pear, cherry and pi trees, not yet fit for sale Mr Buckminster boi bout three years ago. The house lot had 1 IJEA. HUBBARD S FARM Consists of about 60 acres of mowing and pasture land, mostly of a high sanily loam and free from stones. It is all arable, excepting 16 acres of river j cleared of large wood a few years previous, meadow, and about four acres of reclaimed meadow had been considerably reduced by taking off c which last, by draining, has been made to produce i of grain aad grass without nnich maimre. Be good English grass. his own he has purchased 40 loads of manure The /i/orfttcf, this year, is about 20 tons English about 200 bushels of leached ashes within hay, and about six tons from the meadow with three years, and the lot is in good heart and y about 20 bushels of cranberries ; 56 bushels of rye ! plentiful crops. two and a half acres ; four acres, produced 162 j The 12 acre lot had been much reduced, bushels of oats ; four acres of good corn ; two and j acre of it is now covered with young lo( a half acres of potatoes which look well; 43,000, raised from the seed. One acre is planted teasles from half an acre, which sold for 80 dollars, corn, which was manured with two loads Stock. — One pair o-xen in summer, and three pr. : mamue, mixed and fermented with meadow i in winter; one horse, five cows, six hogs and nine ' and, being the best part of the lot, promis shoats ; six cows in the best of the season, whicl average fourteen quarts of milk per day, and in Sej)tei)iber about ten quarts. Dea. Hubbard labors himself habitually ; em- ploys a man and boy in the summer season, and a boy only in the winter. Your Committee reviewed this farm on the 21st Septendjr r. Preparaiion was then making to sow the cornfield with rye. The method is this: — The corn is Inisked in the field, and the husks taken off in bundles toward the last of .September — The hills are split with a furrow turned each way, and the ground is then harrowed. The field is next laid into squares by fiu'rows, six paces apart and one eighth of a load of manure is spread on each square. The rye and ^rass seed are then sown together, mixed with a little ashes, and water is added just sufficient to produce a proper cohesion, and the har- row and roller complete tlie process. There is a large commodious building of two stories, used also by the two sons, who occupy farms adjoining. Below, is a cidcrmill, and a thresh- ing machine (Warren 's) worked by horse power, wliich answers well for oats, but not so well fin- rye. Above, is a large and well constructed granary. The barn is very well constructed. It has a pigge- ry at one end, sufficiently elevated to allow the mine to pass through the floor into a place beluw, where loam and other substances are carted in, and into which the manure from an adjoining lintor and from the piggery is also thrown. At tlie other end of the | tavern soon afterward, and, by a rcservatfL barn is anotherlinler, with a cellarunder it to receive the sale, he was enabled to put the manure '(iP. the manu.-e, and into which loam, &c,are thrown the tavern upon his farm from 1810 to 1818 in through windows from without. — The cattle arejsive. The farm bad run to waste ; kept but put into the liiitcrs at night through the year. 'cows, pair of oien and a horse, h was ovei good crop. Two acres are sowed with rye are meadow land and the remainder has been i to bear good feed by the ploughing in of g crops. Beside the above, there is another ac corn planted this season which appears The peat meadow has always been considered little value. Mr Buckminster and two or thr his neighbors took it in hand three years ago, by draining, pairing and burning, it is madii "> produce the best of English hay and grain. B. has taken off this season nearly a ton a half to the acre. Mr B. beside his own occasional labor, and of his two sons aged 16 and 10, hires a about four months in the summer season. Slock — four cows, two horses and two hogtj ti Very little spirits is used ; usually for men M 'ft by the day. CAPT. WHEELF.r's FARM Contains about 80 acres ; five of wood, of N and beautiful appearance, and eight of younglSi *' of six years' growth — twentyfive of pasture,') thirty eight of mov/iug and tillage. IJeside If *" trees which are growing in most of the I which are well managed and productive, ther6< ''' young orchard of twentyfour trees only, wl are very thrifty, beautiful ami well trimmed, soil is ol" strong loam and rocky. Capt W. bought his farm in 1809. He.sijS Vol. IX.— No. 23. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 188 til bushes aiul tlie fences were of little value, lie most was made of the inaiuire from tlio tav- 11, so that in 1819 the farm was in a f;oo(l state culiivatiiin, aiiil proilnccd almndanlly. Since It time all the maniire has liceii made on the irm, and tlw soil has been consideralily im|)!-oved. he hushes nvo cmirtly gone, and Ihe Committee not discover a sod of waste land except a w acrc-s whicli have been flowed by ,i mill-dam. The whole has been laid out into convenient its, and divided by well made stone walls. By icans of a lane, which is connected with a pas- ire lot at the barn and also with the river, the ittlc are admitted to or excluded from any of the ts at pleasiiro, except the pasture at the barn. Tiie hawi is large and new, with a cellar under- jath to receive the manure, and communicating ith the ysrd for swine. Slock — one pair oxen, one horse, ten cows in uimer, and in the winter si.\ or eight more, swine jm six to ten. Produce — usually about 2400 lbs. pork, 1.500 itter, 300 four meal cheese, and 600 of skim ilk, from 40 to ^0 barrels cider, from 30 to .50 of inter apples, 200 bushels corn, and 200 of other ains, 300 bushels potatoes, 3-5 tons English and tons of hank hay ; no hay has been sold for ir or five years last past. Labor — besides his own occasionally, and that his son, whose health till lately has been feeble, pt W. has kept a hired man and boy through year, and (wo men in haying tiuie. The farm is carried on with very little ardent rit of any kind. None but tenijierate men are ployed unless occasionally by the day. i'our Committee recommend that Premiums awarded as follows : Abner Wheeler, Esq. of Framingham, the ist Premium on Farms, §25,00 Dea. Thomas Hubbard, of Concord, the 2d 'remium of §15,00 Capt. Francis Richardson, of Billerica, the id Premium of $10,00 JosiAH Adams. For Ihe Commiilce. Tlie Committee's Report on Orchards, is neces- ly deferred till next week.] ^o Readers and Corresponded rs. — We feel er great obligations for the increasing number respectability of our correspondents, whose tributions are so essential to the usefulness and ularity of our journal. We have now on hand ly communications which we have been obliged efer this week. Among tliem a valuable arti- on Wheat, and on the importance of farmers' ig fewer acres of land and paying more atten. to a Rotation of Crops, &c, by ' A New York mer ' — and one on the Glanders and other dis- 3 in Horses, by an intelligent gentlemen in tsmouth, N. H., v.-ill appear in our next paper, have received from Theodore Sedgewick, . President of the Berkshire Agricultural So- y, a copy of the Address delivered by him at r last Cattle Show, with which we hope soon lake our readers acquainted. Mr Adlum's .ys on Domestic Wines, v.ill soon appear. e commend to the particular attention of our lers, the rich contributions of Judge Bt;EL, and I. Deareor.-*, this week : and we think all will come the return of ' The Wanderer ' to our unns. Bertram Botanic Garden andATarscrij, Kingsessing, near Philudelphia. This old and celebrated cstablislwnent is 4 miles from the centre square, three miles from Market-stieel bridge, and a half mile below Cray's ferry, on the west bank of the Sohuyll each. Swine. — No sales of lots noticed — considerable doing at retail— price 5c. for sows, and 6c. for barrows. Prices in New York, Ilecembor 18. FLOUR New York Superfine, Bbl. .5 » 5 12 Western, 5 12 a 5 44 Philadelphia, 5 25 a Baltimore, City, 5 a 5 12 Do. Howard street, 5 37 a 5 44 GRAIN. Wheat, Northern, bush. 1 05 a 1 07 Western, 1 08 a 1 10 Virginia, 1 02 a 1 05 Rye, Northern, 70 a 73 Oats, Northern, 36 a 37 Corn, Southern, 52 a 54 Do. Yellow, Northern, 63 a Barley, new. 78 a WOOL. Common fleece, washed lb. 35 a 40 Merino do. do. 40 a 60 Spinning, pulled a Lambs do. 1st quality 48 a 52 Do. 2d do. 35 a 40 184 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 24, 1830. MISCELLANY, EFFECTS OF THE TARIFF. The following facts cannot be gainsayed, and they show to farmers the effect of the increase of the Tariff on some articles of prime consumption and necessity. Flannels have been reduced in prico from 23 cents to 17 cents per yard. Cotton Manufactures have fallen_^/^ ])er cent. A man can buy a sliirt for half what it used to cost. Chemical Preparations have fallen fpy per cent. Window Glass in 1S16 worth $15 for 100 square feet, now sells for $7.50. As many tum- blers can be bought now for 50 cents, as used to cost us $1. Lead and all its manufactures are reduced in cost. The duty on pig lead is 3 cents per lb. and its price is 3 cents per lb. G(rn Powder has fallen from 45 cts. to 22, and even 10 or 12 cts. per lb. Spirits of Turpentine 50 els. in 1823, now 30 cts. per gallon. Cyphering Slates are 33J per cent cheaper in conscr»'jence of a duty of 33^- per cent. Castor Oil in 1824 was $3 per gallon : in con- sequence of a duty of 40 per cent it fell to $1,- 50 per gallon. An important item this in the domestic concerns of a ' marriage antl giving in marriage' people. Before we made Fire Brick, we paid England §70 per 1000. Now they are made as good by ourselves for $30 per 1000, in consequence of a protedmg tariff. This list might be extended to fifty other arti- cle.s. Notwithstanding the Tariff, the Tonnage /orei^^n and coasting, of the United States, has been stead- ily ajul rapidly increasing for the last fifteen years. The revenue from Imposts has steadily increas- ed too — not so much from the increase of duties — as from the obvious reasons; that the more we have to sell, the more we can bnij. THE MAGIC ONION, Sometimes called the Canada, sometunrs the tree, or top onion. This is a singular plant, and de- serves cultivation, not only f )r its domestic use, but as a curiosity. All other, plants raised in the garden are oviparous, or in other words, re-pro- duce their species from seeds or eggs; but this alone is viviparous, and brings forth its yoimg alive ; in clusters of four cr five, around the parent stalk. These continue to enlarge, until their weight brings thern to the earth, where, if not prevented, they take root, and the maternal stalk now becomes useless, dries off, and the next sea- son, these in their turn become parents, and rejiro- duce a numerous progeny. This species of onion is raised with less art than the other. If you would have them in perfection, make your ground ready as for the other kiml ; tliun stretch a line ten inches froin the alley, and with a small hoe make a furrow two inches deep ; in the bottom of this place the top bull)s, or infimt onions, five or si.\ inches apart, with their points or heads uppermost : then fill up the drill with li;jlu earth, which should be pressed down with ,tke hand or broad hoe. This done, remove the J.ine back a foot, and in tbp same manner, plant as many as you please. In setting out these bulbs, you should not place the large and small ones promiscuously together, but separate the large from the small, and plant them in different rows ; for the largest will generally become breeders this season, while the small ones will enlarge, and swell into beautiful onions, fit for any use in the kitchen. The magic onions intended for seed, or breed- ers, should be two years old, and the largest and the best of their kind. They must on no account stand near the other species of seed onions, or they will degenerate, and a mongrel race ensue. Preserving the Wood of IVheel-work, &,■€, from de- cay— A Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, in Sweden, in a Memoir, read to that Academy, states that wood, for the use of building may be rendered incombustible by letting it remain some time in water in which alum, copperas, or any other salt has been dissolved which contains no inflammable matter. He like- wise states as his opinion that wood, rubbed over with very warm alum or copperas water will, by this process, be secured from decay, dry rot, or injury from moisture, moss, mushrooms, &c. Also that boiling for some hours the spokes of wheels in vitriol water, will secure them from rotting in the places where they enter the stocks or hubs. After they have been thus boiled they are to be dried as perfectly as possible, and then may be painted any color. Itching Feet. — Among the minor evils to which the human frame is subject there are few more tormenting than that of violent itching of the feet, during severe frosty weather, caused by incipient chilblains. The followiug specific is so simple and cheap, that no person ought to be ignorant of it ; it is merely one i)art of muriatic acid mingled with seven parts of water, with which the feet must be well rubbed for a night or two, before going to bed, and perfect reliefwill be experienced. The application must of course be made before the skin breaks, and it will be found not only to allay the itching, but prevent the farther progress of the chilblains. The feet may be a little tender for a short time, but this slight inconvenience will soon disappear. Mix Olive Oil with a good quantity of water ; agitate and whip it uj) well: suffer it to subside, then skim off the oil and bottle it. Themucilage which disposes the oil to rancidity is detained in the water, and the oil when deprived of it will be better, more fluid, and may be kept sweet for years. I have experienced the benefit of this for table purposes, and Clock and Watch-makers would doubtless find it useful in their business. Castor Oil, which is usually obtained by expression, I should suppose would be preserved from rancidity iftreated in the same way; and if no consequence to the doctors I assure them it is a very serious matter to patients. — American Farmer. A village pastor was examining his parishioners in their catechism. The first question in the Heidelburg catechism is this ; — ' What is the only consolation in life or death .'' A young girl to whom the ])astor put the question, laughed, and would not answer. The priest insisted. ' Well then,' said she, at length 'if I must tell you, it is the young shoemaker who lives in the Rue Aqueax.' For Sale, Tiie well known FARM in Dover, occupied for the 1* fourteen years by the .subscriber, containing abeat 2*! acres, well located in a square, bounded on the south h Cochecho river, and on the east by Fresh creek, on whic is a tide mill, with an apparatus for pounding and grindir plaster. The Buildings consist of a large two story Brie House, of4G feet by 38, with a wing of 20 by 16, all we finished, adjoined to which is a shed 34 feet by 14, co) necting the cider house 27 by 37, two stories, with oi plastered room, where all the spinning and weaving done for the family ; two Barns, one of which is 100 fe by 42, with two wings of about 40 feet each, one empio' ed as a stable, the other for a sheepfold, with a good yal well walled in; the other is a Store Bam of 4.'3 feet squari of 16 feet post, and will contain 60 tons of hay ; a pi; gery of 50 feet by 30, with a cellar of 18 feet square ui der it, with boilers set to mvike soap, brew, and cook f< swine. The fields are divided by permanent stone wall and consist of one of 40 acres in front of the house, oi of 17 on the East, one of 10 acres on the North, (print pally orchard,) one of 15 Northeast, and one of 30 acn West of the house, with three pastures of 20 to 25 acri each. The Farm has been gradually 'iniprovhig for the la ten years, and the two last has cut each year one hui dredtons of hay, and 20 to 25 tons of thatch. It is oi and a half miles from the village of Dover, which affor, a good mai'ket. There has been planted some hundrei of Fruit Trees, principally Apple, many of which a: grafted — with Pears, Cherry, Mum, Peach and Quini trees, and many in bearing, with a small nursery. The terms of sale may be known by applying to Maj A.'VDREw Pierce, of Dover, Mr Samuel. Lord, Portsmouth, or the subscriber on the premises. June 11. WILLIAM FLAGG. ail Bolivar Calves, Saxony Bucks, and Bremen Gees- For sale, 4 Bull Calves, sired by the celebrated importi improved Durham short horned bull Bolivar, whh stock have produced 36 quarts of milk a day. No. l,da Grey Brown, half Coelebs and half Galloway. No. 2, da Juno, three fourths Fill Pail. No. 3, dam Ceres, her si Cuelebs, her dam Mr Gray's imported Cow. No. 4, Beauty, half Coelebs and half Galloway. The Catvi are beautiful, and their dams all great milkers. Two imported Saxony Bucks, 2 Yearlings, and2Laml 3 pairs of Bremen Geese. Inquire of Benjamin Shur leir, Jr, Chelsea, or at 52 Hanover Street, Boston. July 9. Culture of Silk. For sale at the Seed Store connected with the Ne' England Farmer, 52 North Market-street — Essays on American Silk, and the best means of ren ,[ dering it a source of individual and national wealth ; wii Directions to Farmers for raising Silk Worms — By Job, • D'Homergue, Silk Manufacturer, and Peter S. Du Pow 'I ceau — Price 62^ cents. Also, Directions for the Rearing of Silk Worms, ai>Aj|, the Culture of the While Mulberry Tree. Published hi the Pennsylvania Society associated for the Promotia " of those objects, (,m excellent, plain, practical work.} Price 2o cents. Silk Cocoons luanted. , Cash and a fair price will be given at the New Englaru Seed Store, No.52 North Market Street, for about 20 It of prime Silk Cocoons, to be delivered soon. * 3t. Nov. 26., Publislied every Friday, nt go per aiimmi, payable at and of the year-but those who piiy withiir sixty days froml time ol'eubscribirrg, are entitled to a deduction of fifty cei (nr No paper will be sent to a distance without paymi being made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts — by wh( all descriptions of Printing can be e.xecuted to meet I wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. 8 Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Ni Market Street. aoents. New York — G.Thorburn &• Sons, 67 Liberty-street Philadelphia — 1). & C Landketh.85 Chostnul-slreel Baltimore — G. B. Smith, Editor of the American Farmer. A'lhuni — Hon. Jesse Buel. F/iishins. N. Y. Wm. Prince & SoNs,Prop.Lia. Bol.Garitaa Harlfurd—Goonwis & Sons. Newburyporl, Ebenezer Stedjian, Bookseller. Portsmouth, N. H. 3. W. Foster, Bookseller. Jlvstista, Me. Wm. Mann. Halifax.^. S,— P. J. HoLLANK, Eaq. Recorder Offic Montreal, L. C. — A. Bowmaic, Boek«U«r. J\EW ENGL,AJ\D FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL. AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Aor.cultural Warebouse.)-T. G. FESSEI^E^^EDIT^ VOL. IX. BOSTOJV, FRIDAY, DECEMBERS!, 183 0. NO. 24. ^v©aiai^sra^iiaa©3Ers<» FOR THE KEW ENGLAND FARMER. GL.\NDERS IN HORSES, &c. Mr Fesse.\de.n — I observe in your Inst num- er, an iminiry concerning the disease in liorses, » ivhicli is callcil the ' glanders.' I slioidd like to ; nake a few remarks upon tliis dreadful but very ibscure disease. The glanders is not so common a disease in ■n hose parts of New England, in which I have esided, as in Europe : neither is its near relation, he Farcy. Strange as it may appear, though I ave seen the ftrcy here, I have had no case ajome under my regular inspection. I have known, owever, great ravages committed by the glanders, ad have had opportunities of inspecting glander- 1 horses daily. It is well established at the resent day, that no cure is known for glanders ; ^Jt it is said, that of the thousands of them which ive been made the subjects of experiment-in the ist military and other studs of England, France. id Germany, one horse was fltirly cured by art! is also well established, or (if I may be allowed use the expression as I wish to hold no contro- rsy upon the subject,) it is .ilmost well establish- , that, when the horses have been turned out d left to nature for successive seasons, this dis- 3e has occasionally run itself out. I wns luested to examine a horse, suspected to be glar- 3l red, from a large stable, within the last yea.-J i left nostril, as is generally the case, was alone icted : and I advised the animal to be destroyed, ich was not done. The much important and encouraging change S|t has taken place in the opinion of the best )rmcd persons on this subject, is as to the dis- e being often i)ropagated by contagion. It is ■V generally thought, that except the poison et the system through some sore or wound, a may even eat the same mash which agland- I horse has left, without danger. It horses or colts, is the Eui ■optan stmngks : which , A new era is approaching and better systems of cannot be well mistaken, and generally leaves cultivation will be forced upon the farmer of the them better than it found them. I had, however, | old states :-«« cannot Jhc to the west, and there once seven or eight affected with a swelling of h-epeat the exhausting practices which have run down. the glands with an excessive and enormous 'y but where those bounties have been taxed un- in their own country a distinct breed still holds ''"'y. Let not the New England man despond, way with them, and is often preferred : viz. the Herefordshire. The characterstics of the im- proved Durham Short Horns, being the precise opposite of those of broad-horns, it seems a pecu- liarly ineligible term. It may not be a new occurrence to some others but it is so to me, that there is a remarkably beau- tiful and thriving wild pear tree, bearing excellent ' uit, within a short distance of my farm, grow- ing: on one of the beaches of the Atlantic, and frequently covered by the tide. J. L. ELWYN. Portsmouth, JV. H. Dec. 22, 1830. therefore, nor too lightly estimate the soil on which he has beenboi'n and nurtured. — He maybe assured, that, if there be a state of independence allowed to mortals, his chance of enjoying it is equal to that of any of liis species. A New York Farmer. Saratoga County, Dec. 14, 1830. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. FOB THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ON WHEAT. Mr Fessende.n' — I entirely concur, with your correspondent S. L. in the New England Farmer of the 10th, as respects the practicability of raisino- ^ever, be always given by inoculation to other h'"!'''' '''""P^ of u-Aenf from the old lands of New ■5es, and to jackasses, and, I suppose, nudes. P'"S'a"''i ^'though it may be doubtful whether it /ill also produce, it is said, distressing effects I '^^o"''' lie iirofitable at this time to make this crop n the human .system. The matter of gland- p '^^'^'"a ol^j^'ct of the cultivator's attention. It is, in fact, a most inveterate and malignant ^PPears to be sufficiently proved that old lands on. Still, it is said, and I have no doubt "'" S''°^v wheat, by the fact, that fields now justice, that the disease generally arises | J"'®''' ''''^ o''a''i which must have done so in the 1 other causes than contagion. The horse I ; ^'^y^ of Julius C'ssar, nor is the wheat culture •ioned had always stood in a large coach- ! ''"^''^'' to particular latitudes — it is the grain of ie, but no other case has yet ap))eared in it. I ''le world. pro[)er however, to seclude a horse suspected The fii'st essays in cultivation, like the infant ■ glandered, and to direct those attending him i^tages of every branch of human knowledge, are welling the diseased nostril, to wash their hands I "^"^essarily rude ;— the felling of trees and scratch- oap and water, l)efore going near other horses. '"S 'he rooty surface with the harrow constitute he glanders and the distemper, though con-''''e whole 'art and mystery ' of wheat culture id to proceed from somewhat similar causes, I *^'''' 'he hardy frontier settler — nature does the avholly different diseases. In the last the dis- Ueroa'uder, and she seldom disappoints him. ge IS always from both nostrils : and generally | Indian corn is sometimes planted with an axe ks young horses, particularly when first put land is suffered to mature, without the plough or hot or town stables. This is fully as comirfon hoe on the new cleared lands. This mode of pro- ease here as in Europe, but it is not nearly | ceeding, however, if continued on the same lands tal. No horse should ever be fed or worked after the strong vegetable properties of the soil SALT USEFUL ?OR MILCH COW^S. Collyns, in his ' Ten Minutes' Advice on the use and Abuse of Salt, as a Manure,' says that a lump of salt, hung up for milch cows to lick occasion- ally, entirely removes the peculiar turnip taste from milk and butter. My cows have eaten tur- nips, spring and fall, for ten years ; yet in two or three instances only do I remember that this food imparted any bad flavor to the milk and butter. I never conjectured the reason, until the remark of Collyns met my view. My practice for years has been, to have salt troughs under my cattle sheds, daily accessible to my cows ; and probably in the instances noticed, the salt trou"hs were from negligence empty. Salt is beneficial to cat- tle, as a condiment, as well as to men. Why then is it not as important that the former should have it with their daily food as well as the latter .' J have never known animals do themselves injury bv using it to excess. The consumption of salt is but very little increased by the i)ractice I adopt while the waste is diminished. The books tell us that the free use of salt among cattle, is a great preventive of disease, and powerful promoter of thrift. Reason and experience seem to justify the remark. Albany, Dec. 23. J. BUEL. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. LATE FROSTS. To prevent the effect of late frosts upon the blossoms of fruit trees, William Stowe recommends, 1 suffenng from It : and numbers of our best have become exhausted, would be productive of in the Gardener's Magazine, that the trunks and par. ,g florses are greatly injured by Its being done, results that might make some believe, /nrfion corn ticularly the collar, being that paM which ioins third disease, generally affecting youT)e\could not succeed on old lands. , the trunk to the root, be covered with a hay or 186 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 31, ISaO. straw band, before the blossoms open. An apple tree thus protected, resisted, in bloom, a frost of 15 degrees, or a temperature of 17° Fabren. ■while the blossoms on surrounding trees, not pro- | tected were destroyed. The protected trees bore j an uncommon burthen of fruit. Me,n. Remember ] to make the experiment next spring, on apple and other fruit trees. I am induced to believe, that it is not so much the intensity of cold, as the sudden change of temperature, that proves destructive to the blossom, or rather the germen. The two last seasons, the blossoms of my apricots, and in some instances of the peaches, appeared only in the higher branch- es and tops — not because, as I conceive, it was less cold there than below, but because it was not so warm, when the sun shone. At the north, the peach produces best in the most exposed posi- tions and coldest aspects, where the greatest equi- librium of temperature prevails. Rhododendrons, and other tender evergreens, about Paris, died last winter, where planted in a southern exposure, while those exposed to the north were unhurt. The Verbenum, Madeira nut and Altheas have been killed down, in protected situations, exposed to the full rays of the morning sun, while they have stood well in exposed situations. It is evident that sudden alternations of heat and cold arc ex- tremly prejudicial to the vital organs of vegetables as well as of animals. The collar, Mr Knight considers the most sensitive part of the plant ; and Mr Stowe's experiment seems to show, that the hay band tends to preserve an equilibrium, by de- fending this sensitive part against the two extremes, or rendering the transition more gradual. The apple, potato and other vegetables may be frozen and thawed without destroying the vitality, if the thawir.g process is carried on gradually, and be- yond the reach of atmospheric air. Our potato fields afford ample demonstration of this. The hay band serves another important purpose, when placed around the peach. If closely wound round the trunk and the earth a little raised at the surface, it protects the tree from the injurious effects of the peach borer or worm; as the fly must deposit its eggs at too great a distance from the ground, for the larva; to reach its winter quarters, under ground, before the frosts destroy it. On looking forther into my text book, I find that Loudon confirms the utility of the practice of Mr Stowe; he says that Magnolias, delicate stand- ard Roses, and other half hardy shrubs, are thus protected about Paris and London, merely takin" care to cover well the collar. Albany Mirsery, Dec. 14, 1830. J. BUEL. OPERATIONS OF STEAM. ' A steam fire extinguishing engine has recently been invented in England, which will deliver from J 40 to 50 tons of water per hour to an elevation of from 60 to 90 feet, according to the adjutage of the wind. On a calm day the distance of 140 feet has been acomplished. This is the machine (says Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, for Oct.) that prop- erly applied, will at some future time, plough and sow 1000 acres in a week, and reap the crop in a day. J- S- FOR THH NEW ENGLAND FARMER. FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. ASPARAGUS. I think an error prevails in the method or- dinarily adopted in cultivating this delicious vege- table. The object seems to be to grow a long blanched slock ; which to be sure is inviting to the superficial buyers, — but at the table is found stringy, tough and bitter. The roots must lie deep and the growth be comparatively slow ; my roots have but a superficial covering of earth. Their growth is early and rapid ; and as I cut at the surface, the grass is tender, succulent, well flavored, and the whole of it eatable. I cover my beds in winter with manure, but rake it off and fork the ground in the spring. Albany JVursery, Dec. 1830. J. BUEL. EXAMINATIONS OF FARMS. Mr Ff.sse.nden— I read with much interest, in your last number, the report of the Committee on Farms, in the county of Middlesex, and think the practice of examining farms, and tiie differ- ent modes in which they are cultivated, with close scrutiny, by judicious committees, will have a good effect on husbandmen throughout the Commonwealth. The task of such Committees is sometimes difficult, always arduous, and oftentimes exposes ' them to the charge of partiality or carelesness in i making their awards — each ambitious candidate for a premium valuing more highly his own im- provements than those of his neighbors. To obviate all charges of partiality or sem- blance of favoritism; I would have committees govern themselves, by some fixed principle by which the community generally might see at once the true foundation of the preference given in the awards. The grand object should be to show clearly the advantages of correct and economical cultivation over that of a different character. For this purpose, committees should be careful >m«ii of ihe I Massachiiseits ilonicuUuM! Society— The propitious circumstances under wliicli we . have assembled to celebrate our second annual festival, uuist be gratifying to all who cherish an interest in the prosperity of our institution, and more particularly to those who have labored to acquire for it its present prosperous and elevated condition. The experiment has been fairly tested, Uld thus far its results are too apparent to permit sven the most sceptical to doubt of either its utility it its final success. Its interests are too closely identified with the general good, as well as with ndividuul comfort and happiness to allow us to ivaver in our hopes, or to falter in our exertions to ffect the original design of its creation. We have not come up hither to recount the iXploits ol military prowess, or to mingle in the itrife, or participate in the conquests of political ladiators. We come not to swell the pneans of he conqueror or to mourn over our prostrate liber- We come not to indulge in the feelings vhich are incited by the contemplation of such objects, for we war not with the sword, nor seek o gather laurels in the field of hostile or fierce iontentions. But we have come together at the ingathering if the harvest, to. exhibit an acceptable offering fa portion of its bounties. We have come in the lacific and general spirit of the pursuits we love, ) participate in the enjoyments the occasion im- arts, and we have come to reciprocate the con- ratulatious of the season, in the success with rhich our labors and our experiments have been ■owned. The primitive employment of man was that of a Her of the ground, and the garden of Eden, (anted and ornamented by the hand of its Crea- •r, was assigned to the care of our great pro- enitor, ' to dress and to keep it.' From the ear- ESt period of the world to the present day, the pltivation of the ground has been viewed with cial favor by all civilized nations. Even eroes, philosophers, and statesmen have sought rural emjiloymcnts a temporary relaxation from e cares and perplexities incident to their public bots. It is not necessary to explore the annals ancient history for the names of individuals who ive been thus distinguished. The records of ir own times, and especially of our own country, id our own personal observations, aflford instan- is of illustrious men who have been thus preemi- snt, and there are those now living among us, o, by their precept and example, by their aentific and practical knowledge and skill, and votion to its interests, have imparted an impulse the pursuit, that will be felt and acknowledged tig after they have ceased to cheer us by their esence, or to influence us by their personal illus- Itions. The pursuits of horticulture are peaceful. The hivation of fruits and flowers is an unfailing urce of pleasant and instructive occupation id atni'sement. Labor is lightened, and care is compensed, and industry is cheered in the con- nplation of the expanding beauties of spring, in 6 delightful fragrance and glowing and grateful- ticipations of summer, and in the consumma- in of our hopes iu autumn. The pursuits of horticulture are salutary to the physical and moral nature of man. They impart vigor to the body, and expansion and elevation to the mind. The plants that are everywhere scat- tered in his pathway, and around, above and beneath him, delighting the senses with their sweet- ness, their simplicity, their grandeur, and perfect adaptation to his joys and to his necessities, are silent but impressive emblems of the benignity of our heavenly Father, admonishing the recipient of his indebtedness, and claiming from him the return of a sincere and lively gratitude. Industry, intelligence, and skill are indispensable agents in the business of horticulture. A thorough acquaintance with the views of eminent scientific and experimental writers, as well as with the more legible and definite compositions of nature, are essential to the formation of an accomplished, and distinguished cultivator. The information we de- rive from study, as from the practical observations of the workings of inanimate nature' will adminis- ter to our success, and prevent in a measure the recurrence of errors which flow from inattention, or from the want of some established system of operation. A judicious selection of soil and aspect is necessary to the health of the plant, and will repay our care in the vigor of its growth, and in the improvement of the quality and quantity of its fruit. The opinions of foreign writers, however applica- ble they maybe in practice tothe mode of cultiva- tion pursued in those regions of which they treat are not always suited to the climate and soil of that which adopts them. That which is ascer- tained to be of practical utility in one country, under one climate, may be unfavorable to the production or maturity of the same variety of fruit or vegetables, or ornamental trees in another. In some climates, indigenous and exotic plants and fruit, that require the aid of artificial culture and great care in their preservation, are matured in others with comparatively little labor. Unassist- ed nature performs nearly all that is needful in their production, relieving man from the toil and anxiety of cultivation, and affording him, at the appropriate season, a portion of her abundance. The present flourishing condition of horticulture in our country may, 1 think, be ascribed to the refined taste and liberality of its citizens, and in a measure to the improved condition of those whose ingenuity and industry is exerted in affording the means of gratifying that taste, and exciting that liberality. A laudable spirit, of competition has been awakened among the practical and amateur cultivators in this vicinity, which I hope will be productive of great and useful results to the community. We have witnessed with no ordinary gratification the increasing variety of flowers, the introduction of new and valuable kinds of fruit, and the amelioration of those which have been long familiar to us. And among those fruits which we may, without the imputation of a violent pre- sumption, consider as original native productions, the Baldwin Apple, the Seckle, Gushing, Wilkinson, Gore's Ileathcote, Lewis, Andrews, and Dix Pears, the Lewis or Boston Nectarine, and the Downer Cherry, may be classed among the most desirable of their kinds. It is true that the introduction of theso sereral varieties of fruits was the result of accident ; this consideration does not diminish their value, nor should detract from the merit of those under whose auspices they were derived, or introduced to public notice. An opinion seems to be entertained by some of our most experienced cultivators that few if any of the choice varieties of pears, considered by others as native fruits, are indigenous to our soil. That this opinion is not well founded, I think has been abundantly demonstrated by the production of some in the instances to which 1 have before referred. Those fruits were discovered in isolated situa- tions, in pastures or in the woods, or generally remote from habitations, and where no traces of ' mail's device' could be discernible in their vicinity or the ameliorating effects upon the tree itself, by engrafting or inoculation. In some cases we have positive evidence, derived from the personal obser- vation of the proprietor, that the tree originated in the place it now occupies, and has never been sub- jected to the operation of artificial change. The process of raising ameliorated fruits of this de- scription is very slow, if we wait the development of the product in the maturity of the original tree. The first generation of fruit may afford the desir- ed degree of amelioration, although the balance of probabilities may be against the fulfilment of that expectation. A more summary mode of pro- ducing the desired result is to transfer a shooter a bud from a young plant to a* thrifty mature tree, and to plant the seed of the fruit that it may pro- dijce, and thus proceed in the multiplication of chances by alternate planting and engrafting from the fruit and plant produced, until the required quality is obtained. This, according to the theory of an ingenious modern writer, may be effected in the fifth or sixth generation. The experiment, though it may require much time and labor, and demand no inconsiderable share of patience, is worthy the attention of those, whose views are not confined so the narrow |)reci nets of a selfish tmd exclusive policy, but are disposed to imitate their predecessors in the liberal provision they made for their successors. But I make not this appeal to any who are actuated by similar feelings to those which were indulged by the enlightened legislator, who, in the discussion of a subject bearing some analogy to this, inquired, what lias posterity done for us I that we should be required to do this for our posterity ! The reflection that we may not realize the advantages of those experiments, should not deter us from making them. We should be influenced by more patriotic and liberal sentiments. Every generation of men is a link in the great chain that has been forming ft-om the creation of the world, connecting the present with the past, and is to be lengthened oiittlirough succeeding ages. Be it our province then, as it is our duty, to preserve the brightness of this chain, that our appropriate divi- sion of it may loose nothing upon a comparison with all its parts, but that the period of which it is typical, may be regarded as one that was chaiv racterized by a suitable respect for ourselves, and as a stimulus to the coming generation to evince a like regard to the claims of those who are ta follow. [To be continued.] * It has been suggested to me by a distinguished Hor- ticulturist, that this experiment would probably succeed better, if the shoot or bud were placed upon an old tree, or one of slow growth, as it would thus earlier develope the tVuit. The first tri-colored flag hoisted during the 3 glo- rious days was made of the garments of a dead soldier 188 si^iuaii^swaswQjSa FOR THE NEW ENGtAND FARMER. Mr Ff.ssenden — Although commendable ef- forts have been made in several parts of the coun- try, to introduce and multiply most of the choice varieties of fruits, and our cities are now tolerably well supplied, from the gardens and orchards in their immediate vicinities, still there is a lament able negligence, of this important culture, through- out the union. Without going beyond the bounds of our own Commonwealth, how rare is it to find any fruit, other tlian the most indifferent wilding apples, save in a few gardens, or estates in some of the most flourisliing villages. Strawberries, raspberries, cherries, apricots, plums, peaches, pears, and grafted apples are so little cultivated, that a large portion of the iniiabitants never even taste them, during the successive seasons of their maturity ; and every owner of an acre of land could annually enjoy them all, with but trifling labor and expense. A few rods of ground, appro- priated to a nursery, would afford stocks for all the kinds of fruit trees, which flourish in tiiis climate. Scions or buds, of the best varieties, are easily obtained, and in a few years, each house, however humble, may be embowered in the shade of many of the most excellent kinds of fruit trees, afford- ing not only an abundant sujjply to the family during summer and autumn, but during winter, and until strawberries and cherries announce the commencement of a new pomonal year. A few iiours, in the morning and evening, could be devoted to a fruit garden, which, without inter- fering with tlie otiier duties of the farmer, or mechanic, would insure the comforts and pleasures of its products to the whole family. Tiiere is a too general impression, that mucli skill and great labor are indispensable, to manage fruit trees successfully ; but the same intelligence and attention, whicli insure a harvest of corn and grain, are the only requisite. Those who have made tho experiment will vouch for the truth of this assertion ; and there are but few farmers, who are willing to acknowledge, that their neigh- bors are more able than themselves, or can use the implements of their profession with better judgment, adroitness, and success : still tliey must perceive, that there are individuals, in their vicinity, of neither greater capacity or means, who exhibit vigorous trees and beautiful fruit. Why, then, with equal talent and resources, are not such mer- itorious experiments imitated ? There is one objection, which is very generally urged for not establishing a fruit garden,— the depredations wliich are committed upon tliem. To prevent this, it is only necessary to make them universal, and thus leaving none to intrude, — for 11 being either in possession of the luxuries which they afford, or enabled to purchase them at a moderate price, tiie temptation to plunder is remov- ed. Who, but the most abandoned, robs a corn or potato field ? Equally secure would be tlie fruit trees, if they were rendered as conunon. But as to this too common vice, are we not all, in some degree, accountable for its existence ? Is It treated witli sufficient seriousness .' Is not the pilfering of fruit thouglit much too liglitly of in the community : and are not children induced to view it, as a very slight, and even an excusable offence, — something to be lauglied at, rather than to be denounced ; and all this from tlie indifference NEW ENGLAND FARMER. with which parents are apt to regard such trans gressions. In point of criminality, where is the difference, between stealing fruit, or the fence which encloses it, — an apple or a plough, — cherries or silver spoons, — melons, or any other article be- longing to the proprietor ? If the law lias not made it theft, it is an offence punishable by a heavy fine. Morality is as much outraged, by taking a peach, as the spade at the door ; and to treat such acts, in children, as unworthy of re- proof, is a dereliction of duty, which neither vir- tue or religion can tolerate ; for the doing wrong in the slightest manner, is most oflen the com- mencement of a career of depravity, which brings disgrace and ruin upon the deluded or heedless offender. A man's ground should be considered as sacred as his house ; and every article on his estate, as secure against robbery, as if it were protected by locks and bars. The very fact that most of the property of the farmer is exposed, and without any other protection than the morals of the people, makes it still more imperious, that such an exalted sense of honor and honesty should be incul- cated, as to give not only security to the products of rural industry, but a confidence beyond the sanctity of the laws. Of what value are morals, which are limited by the statute book, and consist in doing whatever does not subject the individ-, ual to the penalties of the criminal code ? But placing this subject in the most favorable light, for those who have been in the habit, of either deeming it of such little moment as not to merit grave consideration, or as a foible incident to youth, and not very objectionable at any age, still they are bound to change their conduct; — this, politeness and common decency of manners require. If they believe there is no great harm in faking, there is much of rudeness in not having the civility to first ask permission. If what is desired, is of small value, it will most commonly be cheerfully granted, and the donor is happy to have it in his power, to do an act of kindness, and the receiver, if not grateful, he at least has the satisfaction of reflecting tliat he has acted like an honest man, and a christian, and that he has observed the courtesies oflife. Should, however, the owner re- fuse the boon, there is still consolation ; either it was of greater value than had been presumed, and thus an injury has been prevented ; or he was not of a generous disposition ; and then comes the ejaculation, — thanLGod there are but few such men I let the odium be upon him ; our hands' are unstained. On the continent of Europe there are but few fences in tlie country ; the grounds are unprotect- ed even -on the highways, and although burdened by grape tines and trees loaded with delicious fruit, no one tliinks of taking the smallest quantity, with- out tlie approbation of the proprietor. Lady Mor- gan observes, in her travels, ' that property of this description is held sacred, in proportion, as it lies exposed. Having alighted from our carriage, to pare the spring, in a rough road that wound through a wilderness of fruit trees, I asked a boy who was lying reading under one of these, whetlier I might take an apple : he replied coolly, " they are not mine." But you sometimes help yourself, I dare say. He raised liis head, and looking at mc, \vith an expression of humorous sarcasm, he replied, ' You mean that I steal ; do you not, madam .' No, madam, it is belter to ask for one, than to turn thief for an apple." ' I Dec. 31, 1850. If horticultural societies were established ii each county, for no otlier purpose than to colleo seeds, buds, scions and plants, for distribution much could be effected in a few years toward covering our naked fields with fruit trees, i very small fund would be suflicient for this nur pose, and when the members had obtained th' best varieties, how rapidly would they be dissem inated among the inhabitants of every town. Be sides the benefits which would be derived fioii an abundance of excellent fruit, vegetable dens would naturally claim more attention, and : taste for flowers and ornamental trees and shrub would soon be induced, and at last universall' prevail. With the picturesque topographical feature which Massachusetts presents, nothing is want ing to render its scenery as inteiestin;.', and villages as beautiful, as those of any otlier coun. try. In England scarcely a cottage exists, thati not surrounded by fruit trees, shrubs, and flowers- wliile the neat esculent compartment, — often coa taining less than a rood of land, supplies miicl of the food for the industrious inmates of tlm modest dwelling. In Holland and Germany it ir the general attention which all ranks in societ bestow upon the grounds about their habitations, which gives such a pleasing aspect to those count tries. Why then should not such examples be em lated in the United States, where the industriousi are so independent in tlieir i-ights, and domestiii circumstances ; where there are infinitely greate means, within the command of the cultivators o the soil ; where each is tlie lord of the domaii on which he resides, and garners uj) its undivided harvest, free and exempt from all exactions Besides the pleasure, comfort and economicaii advantages, which are derivable from well man* aged fruit and vegetable gardens, their sai)ativJ» influence is of inestimable value, — not only a4 respects the fortunate families which directW participate in the various products they afford( but the whole comnuinity. That fruit is noi merely healthy, but is even an antidote and curm Cor many diseases, there is not the least doubH J' We have the opinion of the ablest physicians, i8| support of this position; but as very erroneoui im|)ressions are still prevalent on this subject, M| is believed, that the following extract will be reaol with interest ; — at least by all lovers of gooM fruit. Accept assurances of my great respect. H. A. S. DEARBOIiN, III! "• ,!fl Brinley Place, ) Dec. 21), 1830. 1 EXTRACT yo. XXXII. From the Anrmles DMIorlicuIture. The Ulilily of Frurtfor the Preservation of Healt One of the best aliments, and the best appl priated to the different ages of life, is that wlii our fruits afford. They present to man a Ii{ nourishment, of easy digestion, and produc< :Iiyle admirably adapted to the functions of iiimau body. But in the use of fruits, should be taken, that they are fully ripe and 01 good quality. Those which a ilelicaio pall does not relish, 'are not, in general, healthy ; thc_ which are green, or have not obtained perfti maturity, are very injurious, and oftoi; occasi^ diseases, especially when the stomach is feeble 01 when they are eaten for a long time. It has been remarked, that children and females hare a pi* Vol. IX.— N... 24. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 180 mkiculai' taste (or given tViiit, and this taste hiis bc- i*me too ciiiiiiiion among all classes, cither Ironi m wveriy or ignorance. Tlioroujjhiy ripe frnit, rii; «ten with bread, is j>prha|)s the most innocent of iJI aliments, ami will even insure health and »■ trcngth. The author of this article, lias made iluhe e.\|)eriment. He passed a whole year, with- ut taking miy other food, than fruit, bread, and ater, without his power, or vigor, having been riminished in the least, notwithstanding the great ii xercise which he constantly look. There are fruits, which when perfectly ripe, can e eaten to excess, without inconveniencs. Such rapes, cherries, and currants; the other kinds ever occasion ill c onscqiieuces, if they are eaten f* nly to satisfy the demands of nature. They are ijurious, when large quantities are taken into the omacli, niready filled with viands, and other food, here are certain stomachs with which fruits do ot e(pially well agree ; but still they are not in- rkms in such cases if taken with moderation, hat kind of laxncss which certain fruits pro- uce, — such as melons, peaches, apricots, &,c, is reventcd, by taking a glass of wine after having iten them. It is much to be regretted, that our country is so nerally devoid of fruit, when it can be so easily ised and at such a trifling expense. The small jnibor of fruit trees, which arc to be seen around ir villages, are generally of very inferior kinds; id it seems that the people are disposed, in or- r to render them more unhealthj', to cut the nits before they are ripe. It is in conformity to order of things, so adverse to the public good, at on the one side the |)rivation of fruit renders il7(£MLil£rS) IPii^Sm^ISa BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1830. Valuable Communications. — We should be very insensible or ungrateful not lo acknowledge with gratitude the numerous favors, for which we are indebted, and by which the public is benefited, emanating from the i)en of our enlightened and patriotic correspondent, Gen. H. A. S. Dearbor.n. We are happy to perceive that his efforts to irradi- ate the path of the American cultivator with the lights of European science, as well as those which can be elicited from cisatlantic sources, ai'e well appreciated ; as his articles are widely diffused by the courtesy and disrcrnrnent of our editorial brethren. Our wannest thanks are alsi due for the constantly increasing number of in- telligent correspondents. AGRICULTURAL MEETING. At a meeting of a number of Farmers of Rut- land, and the nei£riiboring towns, at Capt. Wm. Butman's, on the 27th ult. for the purpose of con- sulting on the adoption of measures to promote the agricultural interest in this vicinity, The Mod. Moses Strong was appointed Chair- man, and Wm. Fav, Secretary, After some discussion in which it was argued and urged, with much earnestness and zeal, that something ought to be done to promote the Agri- cultural Interest in this vicinity, — It was unani- mously Resolved, that the Farmers of Rutland and the neighboring towns, form themselves into a society denominated an Agricultural Society. On motion, Messrs Heman Spaffbrd, Robert Pieipont and Wm. Green, were appointed a com- mittee to draw up a constitution for said Society, and report at the next meeting. Voted, that the meeting adjourn to meet at the Court House in Rutland, on the first Tuesday in January ne.\t, at one o'clock, P. M. Voted, Tliat the Secretary cause the proceedings of thi.s meeting to be published, and therein to solicit the attendance of the Farmers of Rutland and the neighboring towns. WM. FAY, Sec'tj. From the Concord GazeUe. AGRICULTURAL REPORTS. The Committee on Fruit and Forest Trees, Shrubs and Farms, consisting o/Josiah Adams, Ben- jamin F. Varndm, Reuben Brown, Jr., and Moses Whitney, Esq's respectfully Report. That Premiums have been claimed only for Apple Orchards and Farms — The Competitors for the premiums on Orchards nre: — Capt. Francis Richardson, of Billerica ; Mr Horace Tuttle, and Robert Chaffin, of Acton ; Mr George M. Barrett, of Concord ; and Mr Nathaniel S. Bennet, of Frainingliam. CAPT. Richardson's orchard Has 1 3'2 trees which were set in the spring of 1825. They were then very small and not thrifty ; being jdaced however in a good soil which has been cultivated, and manured, most of them have recovered and some of them are of good size and thrifty. Tliey do not however ap|)ear to have been trimmed at all ; the trunks of many of them are much too short ; the branches are crowded into the middle of the tree, and present an ap- pearance which to the horticulturist, need not be described ; and all for the want of a little trim- ming in season. MR TUTTLe's orchard Was set partly in 1824 and partly in 1825, on strong loamy land. There are about 80 trees. The land has been cultivated till the last year and kept in good heart. The trees look healthy and some of them quite large for their age. Some attention has been paid to trimming, but more of it would have added greatly to the beauty and value of the orchard. MR CHAFFIn's orchard Is partly in Acton and partly in Littleton. It consists of 114 trees set in 1826, on land of rather more than ordinary quality. It had l>een cultiva- ted and laid down in 1825, and has been mowed ever since. Had it been plouglied and cultivated two or three years, the trees would have been much benefited, as the roots would have extended them- selves to a greater distance. They have however a healthy appearance, though they are not large. They were well set in holes of three or four feet diameter, which were fitted vvitli a rich soil, and the roots within those limits have been cultivated with great care. If Mr Chaflin will ])lough his land the ne.ft season, and manure and cultivate it two years in every four, and will also take off many more of the limbs, which should have been removed when small, he will in a few years see a very beautiful orchard. The limbs should not be sufi'ered to cross each other, nor to tend either toward the ground or into the middle of the tree, and the sooner such branches are cut the better. A small twig, growing in a right direction, should be left to the exclusion of any other however thrif- ty. MrC. seemed willing to be instructed and did not pretend to any of that sapience which the in- experienced are so apt to assume. The Commit- tee are confi n it. The soil is good — consisting of a hill of strOD| loam, some parts mixed with gravel, inclining t> ci the southeast ; and also a piece of low land o strong loam. The whole is at present laid dowi to grass except one piece which is planted will corn. Your Committee recommend that Premiums b' awarded as follows : To Mr Nath'l S. Bennett, of Framingham, thi 1st Premium on Orchards, $15,01 To Mr George M. Barrett, of Concord, tb»f" 2d Premium of S12,0m|"'' To Mr Horace Tuttle, of Acton, the 3d Pr&> mium of $10,0* In awarding the premiums on Orchards, youi " Committee have been governed rather by the spil " rit than the letter of the ofters made by the Trust* tees. They have considered the expression, ' best thrifty state,' to mean the best state — takinj thriftiness into view among all the other eircunv stances. JOSIAH ADAMS, For the Committee. i LARGE HOGS. But a few weeks since we published an accouna of large Hogs. By way of appendix we now adoi that a dead bog 20 months old was carried througM Warren last week which weighed no less than 712 pounds, and was bought by Mr Benjamin Hall • of Bristol. The animal was bred in Swanzey, bjj Mr Richard Leisure, and may fairly excite tha emulation of all growers of pork, in the flourish-' „ ing county of which Swanzey is a part. Large Heifer. — Moses Smith, of Flatbush HillJ is now fatting a three years' old Heifer, which i* supposed to be the largest ever fatted in this county. She weighs 1829 pounds. — Brooklyn Mv. Horticidtnre . — Thomas Cody, gardener of Com^ modore Chauncey, at the Navy Yard, in this village, has left at this office a Savoy Cabbage weighing nine pounds and a half, without the stalk and under leaves. It is considered large for that pectin liar kind, which was produced from foreign seed, by Mr Cody. — Brooklyn Adv. li Vol. IX.— Xo. 24. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 191 CO.\USE GR.VIN. JIessrs Editors — It lins l)een a quesiioii with iiniK-rs what they shoiiUl do with their coarse rain, whtMi the Tetn|)oraiice Iletbnuatioii .shall ave stopped the distilleries. — Let mo lell them ;eep more stock and feed them with it. I have ijadc the trial and find it more profitable than to ell my coarse L'rain to distillers. IMakc tlic trial irith a ilozen or twenty pigs. Vahie tlieni at their market price when young ; then keep an account f the coarse grain yon give them, at the market rice. You will find on selling the pork a hand- ome profit tor your trouble. — Gen. of Temp. Ship lumber — Several lots of ship timber have een sent down the Canal, from this |)Iace the resent season, which, we learn has turned to good count. There is no doubt that all such slicks will an.swer, are worth much more for that tliaji ir any other purpose to which they can be put jreabouts. And it should be borne in mind that gre.it portion of the timber whinh is most val- ible for that purpose, is of little worth for any her, even for ftiel, as it costs as much to work it ) ns it is worth after it is done. Those who are lOUt to cut timber should take this into consider- ion, and save all such sticks as will answer the irpose, in doing which they will doubtless find eir account in the course ol the next season. We iderstand that some of that which has been sent wn the present season, was carted from twelve fifteen miles, and paid well for the transporta- 11. — .Mass. Spy. JVotice. Messrs WINSHIPS have a bundle of Shrubs, left sometime since at Doolittle's City Tavern, by a Provi- dence Wagon ; as they were in a peiishable state, it was considered expedient to remove them to Brighton, in or- der to save them. The owner may have them by appli- cation to the New England Farmer OIBce. 3t Dec. 31. rrhe durability of posts used in making fences » matter of great itnportance to our farmers, and II continue so as long as the present system of •cing is continued. We are informed that the ikers at Union Village, have been in the habit making oak posts as durable as locust, by a y simple and easy process. — This is merely to e a hole in that part of the post which will be tat the surface of the earth, with such a slope as I carry it just below the surface, and fill it th salt. This, it is said, will preserve the tim- from decaying for a long time ; and from the ■iwledgc we have of the iiifluence of salt in lerving ship timber when treated in a some- at similar manner, we have no doubt of its g an excellent method. mprisonment for Debt. — A meeting was held in ladelphia, on Wednesday last, to take measures eliorating the laws on this subject. »n' SIGNS OF PROSPERITY. rUOM THE CHINESE. !re spades grow bright, and idle swords grow dull re jails are empty, and where barns are full; 3ie cJwrch paths are with frequent feet out-worn ; ■ court-yards weedy, silent, and forlorn ; re doctors foot it, and where fariners ride ; re age abovinds, and youth is multiplied ; re these signs are, Ihcy clearly indicate ppy people, and well-governed state. I CoRREspj.N-DE.VTs. — We have deterred this week ral communications ; among which are an intoreslin" ission between JIrs Griffith of New Jersey, Dr CHER of Plymouth, and Dr Smith of this city, on heory of the existence of the Queen Bee ; in wliich drawings will be introduced illustrative of an im- :<1 Apiary, ^nd some improvements in Hives — ■ Sug- ons on the Culture of Silk, by» W.' will also appear week — with several other communications. J\Iason's Pocket Farrier, Comprising a general descriplion of that noble and use- ful aniinal the Horse ; fifth edition, with additions. To which is added a Prize Essay on Mules. By S. \V. Pome- loy, Esq. of lirighloii, Mass And an appendix, contain- ing observations and recipes for the cure o( most ol the common distemiiers incident to Horses, Oxen, Cows, Calves, Sheep, Laiubs, Swine, Dogs, &c, selected from dilferent authors. And an Addenda, containing the annals of the Turf, ■\inerican Stud Book, mode of training, rules of Racinsr, &c. Just published and for sale by R. P. & C. Williams, IS and 20 Cornhiil. .\lso, on liberal terms, a large assortment of Agricultu- ral, Historical, Theological, Law, and other Books. Persons selecting Libraries, will find it for their advan- tage to call. 6t Dec. 31. Black Currant JVine. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, 52 North Market Street— A few dozen bottles of superior old Black Currant Wine, made by a gentleman in this vicinity ; an account of its astringent and detergent properties in various com- plaints, and particularly the Sore Throat, will be found in the New England Farmer, vol. v. page 567, written by Samuel W. Pomeroy, Esq. and the late Dr John G. Coffin. Price 75 cts. per bottle — also, a few bottles ol old White Dutch Currant Wine, price 50 cts, per bottle. Dec. 31. Bartram Botanic Garden and J^twsery, Kingsessing, near Philadelphia. This old and celebrated establishment is 4 miles from the centre square, three miles from Market-street bridge, and a half mile below Gray's ferry, on the west bank of the Schuylkill. It is the oldest botanical garden in the United States, having been begun in 1720 by the elder John Bartram, who was the American botanist to the king, until the Revolution, and it has since been cultivat- ed by his children and grand children. The garden originally contained about eight acres, chiefly planted with native trees, shrubs, &c, and became the seminary from whence American vegetables were distributed to Europe, and other regions of the civilized world. The present proprietor has added an extensive collec- tion of green house plants, a thriving young vineyard, and several acres of nursery, well stocked with a genera assortment of the finest fruit trees, grape vines, orna- mental trees and shrubs, &c, which are sold at reasona- ble prices, and are sent to all parts of the United States. American indigenous trees, shrubs, and plants, or their seeds, suitable for sending to Europe, are supplied in as- sortments from $5 to $500, or more. Orders for trees, plants, or seeds, from this garden, left with Messrs G. Thorburn & Son, seedsmen. New York; George M. Coates, No. 49 Market-street, Philadelphia ; J. B. Russell, No. 52 North Market-street, Boston ; or addressed, per mail, (post paid) to the proprietor, at the garden, will meet with prompt attention, and the articles will be carefully packed, so as to bear the transportation in safety. Strangers are invited to view the gardens at any time, (Sundays excepted) where any information will be cheer- fully imparted. Printed catalogues of the collection delivered gratis. Dee. 24. 2t ROBERT CARR, Proprietor. Camellias, Jasmines, ^c. FOR SALE, at a Nursery in the vicinity of Boston, a good collection of Camellias, also Broad, Small and Long leaf Jasmines, Heaths, &c. nil lar^eplants, and at mod- erate prices — orders left with J. B. Russell, at his Seed Store, will be promptly attended to. 4t Dec. 10. Ji fine Maltese Jack, Recently imported from Malta — he is a young, vigorous, fine animal. Price 500 dollars — can be seen by applying to Mr Russell at the Farmer office. Wanted, Volumes 2, 3, and 6, of the New England Farmer, to complete a set, for which a liberal price will be paid at the Farmer office, Boston. Dec. 24. PRICES OF COUJ^TRY PRODUCE. APPLES, new, ASHES, poi, first sort, Pearl, first sort, BEANS, while, BEEF, mess, Cargo, No. 1, Cargo, No. 2, BUTTEll, inspecle.l, No. 1, new, - CHEESE, new milk, Skimmed milk, FLAXSEED, FLOUR, Baliiniore, Howard-street, - Genesee, Alexandria, Ballimore, wharf, GRAIN, Corn, Norlhern, Corn, Southern Yellow, Rye, Barley, Oals, HAY, HOG'S LARD, first sort, new, HOPS, Islqualilv, LIME, PLAlSTEll PARIS retails at PORK, clear, Navy mess. Cargo, No. I, SEEDS, Herd's Grass, Red Top (northern) Lucerne, Red Clover, (northern) WOOL, Merino, lull hlood, washed, - Merino, full blood, unwashed, Merino, mixed wiih Saxony, Merino, three fourths vvasliod, Merino, half blood, ftlerino, quarter. Native, washed, Pulled, La.^b's, firs, sort. Pulled, Lamb's, second sort, Pulled, " spinning, first sort, barrel ton. bushel barrel pound, cask, ton. bashel pound IROK TO 1 38 1 SO 116 00 118 00 127 50 132 00 00 1 00 8 50 8 7S 7 i!5 7 50 G 25 6 50 11 15 6 8 3 4 1 12 I 50 5 SO 5 7a 5 37 5 62 5 25 5 37 5 12 5 25 66: 68 64l 65 69 (iO 70 9 OOl 10 00 14 00 15 00 70 75 2 75| 3 00 16 oo! n 00 13 00 14 00 12 m 1 75 62 33 10 62 35 65 56 50 38 13 60 2 00 75 38 11 65 42 75 PROVISION MARKET. BEEF, best pieces, pound. 7 8 PORK, Iresh, best pieces, .* 6 7 whole hogs. '• 5h 6A VEAL, " 6 8 MUTTON, " 4 8 POULTRY, ti 6 9 BUTTER, keg and tub, '< 12 15 Lump, best, " IS 20 EGGS, dozen. 12 14 MEAL, Rye, retail bushel. 81 Indian, retail, " 84 POTATOES, " 20 30 CIDER, Laccording to quality] barrel. 1 00 20O BrightoiN Market — Monday, Dec. 27. [Reported for the Chronicle and Patriot.] At Market this day, 537 Cattle, 2007 Sheep, and 424 Swine. Prices. — We report the same as last week, although prices were hardly supported, probably in consequence of the bad weather. Beef Cattle— horn 3,25 to 4,50. We noticed a dozen beautiful Cattle, (fed by Mr Sweetser, of Athol) some of which would quite equal in weight and quality, the Premium Oxen — sale not effected. Barrelling Cattle— Mess. 3,50, No. 1, 3,00. Sheep — we noticed sales at 1,50, 1,75, 1,83, and 2,25. Swine — sales dull ; we noticed one lot taken at 44c and one 314^0 ; a few only were retailed at 5c for Sows and 6 for Barrows. Prices in New York, December 25. FLOUR New York Superfine, Bbl. 5 12 a 5 25 Western, 5 31 a 5 .50 Philadelphia, 5 2.") a 5 37 Baltimore, City, 5 12 a 5 25 Do. Howard street, 5 37 a 5 44 GRAIN. Wheat, Northern, bush. 1 05 a 1 07 AVestern, 1 12 a Virginia, 1 a 1 06 Rye, Northern, 68 a 70 Oats, Northern, 35 a X6 Corn, Southern, 51 a 53 Do. Yellow, Northern, 56 a 62 Barley, new. 75 a 78 WOOL. Common fleece, washed lb. 35 a 40 Merino do. do. 40 a tw Spinning, pulled a Lambs do. Istquahty 48 a 52 Do. 2d do. 35 a 4U 192 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Dec. 31, ]n: MI SC ELL. AJV Y. FROM FRIENDSHI P's O F F E R I N G — FOR 1831, THE ACCEPTED. BY THOMAS HAYNE3 BAYLT. I THANK you for that downcast look, And for that blushing che«k : I would not have you raise your eyes, I would not have you speak : Though mute, I deem you eloquent, I ask no other sign. While thus your little hand remains Confidingly in mine. I know you fain would hide from me The tell-tale tears that steal Unbidden forth, and half betray The anxious fears you feel ; From friends long-tried and dearly loved The plighted bride must part : Then freely weep — I could not love A cold, unfeeling heart. I know you love your cottage home, Where in the summer time. Your hand has taught the clematis. Around the porch to climb: Yon casement with the wild rose screen, Yon little garden loo, How many fond remembrances Endear them all to you. You sieh to leave your mother's roof. Though on my suit she smiled. And, spurning ev'ry selfish thought. Gave up her darling child : Sigh not for her, she now may claim Kind deeds from more than one ; She'll gaze upon her daughter's smiles Supported by her son! I thank you for that look — it speaks Reliance on my truth ; And never shall unkindness wound Your unsuspecting youth : If fate should frown, and anxious thoughts Oppress your husband's mind. Oh ! never fear to cling to me, — I could not be unkind. Come, look upon this golden ring — You have no cause to shrink. Though oft 't is galling as the slave's Indissoluble link I And look upon yon church, the place Of blessing and of prayer ; Before the altar hear my vows — Who could dissemble there! Come to my home ; your bird shall have As tranquil a refi-eat ; Your dog shall find a resting place. And slumber at your feet : And while you turn your spinning wheel. Oh ! let me hear you sing. Or I shall think you cease to love Your little golden ring. From Lady Morgan's late Work on Fmrice. DOMESTIC INDUSTRY IN FRANCE. To tho perseverance and entorpriss of Monsieur Ternaux the French are indebted for the immense improvement they have made in tho manufacture of sJiniWk, to wiiich his attention was drawn hy the growiniT rage of the Parisians for the products of the Indian loom. At the period when the Egyptian expedition had brought this article into vogue, the species of animal which produces the law material was absolutely unknown in France ; and the first eftbrt of Monsieur Ternaux was directed to smug- gling from a town, some hundred werstes beyond Moscow, a specimen of the wool. This was e.xecu- ted by one of his riders, who brought the precious bale, to the amount only of sixty pounds, concealed in a courier's cushion. The first attempts at imita- tion were made with this scanty supply ; and it was not till after the peace of Tilsit, that he was enabled to obtain a second quantity. A perfect fac-simile of the shawl itself was then soon eft'ectcd ; but tlie borders afforded a permanent obstacle, in the liigh price of French labor ; this ar- ticle being entirely manufactured by needle-work. — Monsieur Ternau.x's next attempt was, therefore, to work the border by tlie process used in Lyons for the figured silks. The excessive price was, however, still an obstacle to their sale ; and an infe- rior article, made partly of silk, by another house, obtained possession of the market. Unsubdued by this impediment, Monsieur Ternaux still persevered; to improve the breed of sheep, and obtain the fin qualities of wool, from indigenous sources. Havii made his first attempts at imitating the Indian shaw with merino wool, his attention was early fixed this product, and the animal from whicli it is obtai ed. The improvement of the breed of sheep h; been a favorite object with the minister Colbert ; ai when a certain Mons. Cudot, a cloth manufacturt was nearly sinking under the expenses of his i tempts to make fine cloths in opposition to the Le den looms, he succeeded in saving his protege, by trick, which perfectly answered his intention. 1 his persuasion, Louis tlie Fourteenth was induced wear a coat of this manufacture ; and, when on parti de chasse, to praise very much its te.xture ai colors: the result was, that his courtiers (and the courtiers in turn) all made a point of procuring similar dress. The cloth sold rapidly, and at a hi; price ; the manufactory at Sedan was saved, and b came the parent of that of Rheims, which, for long time, remained famous for this stuff, which w afterwards known by the name oCsilcrie. To the improvement of the French breed sheep, Monsieur Tcrnau.x has contributed, by t importation of various approved races, from Spai and ultimately succeeded in producing shawls, from England, and from Egypt ; and he has publis- which, both for the tissue itself, and the beauty of'cd several pamphlets to diffuse a knowledge of t tlie borders, were not inferior to those of India. The next object with the manufacturer was to ob- tain a sufficient supply of the wool ; and Monsieur Ternaux having remarked that tlie Russians, from whom he had purchased it, knew the article by the name of Persian wool, he directed his researches in that quarter ; and learned that Thomas Koulikan, in his Asiatic expeditions, had brought three hundred of the goats which produce it from Thibet; and that these animals have multiplied greatly in Bukha- ria, and as far as the province of Kerman. Having thus determined that these animals throve in forty- two degrees of latitude, and in a climate, from its ele- vation, much colder than France, and that they also resisted the heat of Kerman, which is in the thirti- eth degree of latitude, he resolved to attempt their naturalization in his own country. To ascertain the identity of the animals, and that their products in Thiket were precisely the same as those in Persia, personal inspection was necessary. For tills purpose. Captain Baudin, who sailed for Calcutta in 1814, was charged to obtain the true Thibet wool. An examination of this product clear- ed up all doubt ; but the greater work remained of obtaining the animals themselves. To this enter- prise many difficulties presented themselves, in the distance, the dangers of the journey, and the jeal- ousies of foreign governments. To succeed, requir- ed the services of a man of great courage and inge- nuity, acquainted with tho Oriental languages, and accustomed to perilous and long journeys. It re- quired also the direct intervention of the French ministry, to dispose the Russian government in its favor. Fortunately, the Due de Richelieu, whose relations with that country gave him immense fa- cilities, took up the matter with warmth ; and a Mons. Ainadee .Taubert (vvlio was sent express,) af- ter having been compelled to abandon two hundred goats in the steppes of the Oural, and having en- countered the greatest difficulties, from the sickness of the animals, from wolves, from the barbarous hordes inhabiting the country through which he passed, and from hunger and thirst, succeeded in embarking from the Crimea five hundred and sixty- eight animals, two hundred and forty of the pure breed, and three hundred of a mixed race ; si.x Buk- harian sheep, eight kids, seven young mothers, and seven males. By the success of this well-combined and fortu- nate enterprise, a single manufacturer has bestowed on his country a new and profitable object of agri- cultural industry, and has enriched its manufactures with a product, which will be a source of labor and profit as long as wealth and taste shall remain in Eu- rope, points to be attended to in the conduct of this ii portant branch of agriculture. To the manufactur of Monsieur Ternaux, dispersed through differs parts of France, commerce is indebted for a vast v riety of new products ; more especially for tb beautiful, light texture, now so perfectly imitated England, which is known by the name of merini He also, I believe, it was, that invented the proce< for stamping patterns in relief, on cloth ;— for t: covers of tables, and other ornamental purposes. As the popular representative of Paris in t: Chamber of Deputies, this gentleman's name is w> known to English politicians. He is said to possf- immense wealth; and, if industry, ingenuity, an c lightened and comprehensive mind, and a patri ism that sees the prosperity of his country in t comfort and happiness of its people, and pursi4 \^ that object with incorruptible honesty and unvvearit perseverance, be just titles to eminence — ' Well has he won it — may he wear it long The night before Pius the seventh died, he senti Col. M — ,who had been extremely kind to him wh he was a prisoner at Valence, and presented him w^ a superb silver-gilt cup, rescued from the papal tre ■ ury, whicli he begged him to accept as a mark of nl, gratitude and esteem. Col. M , felt somecd titf scientious scruples about taking so magnificefl y^ present. 'Perhaps your Holiness is not aware,' | ^^ he, 'that you are making this valuable, and aim , consecrated present to a heretic. I am of the chili " of Geneva.' ' What has that to do with it .'' said't *l Pope, with a flash of animation. Then, closing ij "n heavy eyes, he added, in an exhausted tone, but w( )[(; great solemnity, ' Are we not all children of tl iljj same Father ?' — Lady Morgan's France. i, Published every Friday, at gS per annum, | ayable allA;([, and of tho ycar-but those wlio pay within sixty days froin) time of subscribing, are entitled to a deduction of fifty c(l| "'■ [J^ No paper will be sent to a distance without paynil vl being made iu advance. j., (ij Printed for J. B. Russeli., by I. R. Butts — by wl Kg, all descriptions of Printing can be e-iecuted to meefa ii wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by /. Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 N* ■' Market Street. AGENTS. Nev) York — G. TnonmjRN & Sons, G7 Liberty-street. PhUaddphia — 1). & C Landbeth.86 Cheslnui-slreet. Baltimore — G. B. Smith, Editor ol Ihe American Farmer, Albany — Hon. Jk.sse Buel. Flushing, N. Y. Wm. Prince &SoKs,Prop.Lla. Bol. Can Hartford — GoonwiN & Sons. Newtturi/port, Ebf.nezer Stedman, Bookseller. ■tsmoiUli. N. H. J. W. Foster, Bookseller. FO P> .iuausta, Mc. Wm. Mann. But perhaps a greater benefit still was conferred | Ha!i/ax,J^. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Recorder Office on Prance, by the efforts made by Mona. Ternaux, Montreal, L. C. — A.BowMAS,Book5»Jler. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 5£ NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultoral Warehouse.)— T. G. FESSENDEiN, EDITOR. VOL. IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 7, 1831. NO. 25. 5?iia~4?i3ii2» OiaSi^COSJ^a THE HONEY BEE. Thomas G. Fesseivden, Esq. — Df.ar Sir — Among the whole tribe of insects no one lias, from remote antiquity, arrested the at- Lention of naturalists and philosophical investiga' lors with deeper interest tlian the hone;/ bee. It k'ill, nevertheless, be conceded that we are yet leficicnt in our knowledge, in many points of heir true character and peculiar system of econ- my, nor can our inquiries be fully satisfied, till we an learn to distinguish the precise line between lind and matter, or intelligence and unerring in- inct. Having devoted a portion of my latter ears to this recondite but pleasing subject, I have lund a gratifying resource in a correspondence ith intelligent apiarians, distinguished for both eoretical and practical knowledge. Presuming that the following correspondence ill prove interesting, or at least amusing to many your readers, I present it for insertion in your ry valuable vehicle of intelligence, and subscribe rself very respectfully, Your obedient servant. James Thacher. tter from Jerome V. C. Smith, fll, D. to Doct. 'bacher, dated, Quarantine Ground, Port of Boston, jSm^-. 3d, ]830. Dear Sir — By the promptitude of our friend, BERT Treat Pai.ne, Esq. who is destined to be American Astronomer, your note of the 2Stli y, came to hand y esterday. I am wondering V he couhl abstract liimself long enough from society of the stars, to interest you with a liis- )' of my apiary. 5y the nature of your inquiries, I am fearful suppose nie much better acquainted with the jral history of the bee, than I really am, and e philosophical in my investigations, than in the uel, I may deserve credit for. tlaced, as I am, on a small island, Quarantine, luded by the nature of hospital duties, from all reciable society, I have actually been obliged to : rational enjoyment and happiness, in the emplation of the structure and habits of every ct and creeping thing that hajipens to make ppearance: the moment my interest was excit- found that it would never do to depend on precarious supplies. Believing there was h more to be known of the bee than has been ■)vered, and, withal, hoping for a supply of cts, I purchased a hive, in Dorchester, in the '''; lg of 1827, at the price of eight dollars. The was a pine box, about nine inches deep and leen or fifteen inches square. Through the top loffl lis box, was an aperture, perhaps two inch- i diameter, over which ascconil box, precisely he first, only smaller by several inches, was d. The servant who went for them said the lower box, with its contents, weighed forty 3, — and, therefore, was pronounced by the an excellent hive. In truth I suspect it was 11 kirgdom, thinly inhabited, suflfering from ils of an exhausted treasury, haps you may grow weary of this detailed his- if one hive; but in giving you the whole mat- once, there will be no danger of being sur- feited by a future repetition of the same slory. Well, afier being placed on the head of a barrel, in the course of two days, they commenced opera- tions by searching all the miserable little flowers that had appeared. It was so apparent that they couhl not procure food enough, that a piece of old comb was filled with honey, on both sides, and laid in the lower box, between their empty combs and the floor. The attention of the island keeper, who was in the habit of frequently looking at them, by raising the box, was soon excited by ob- serving that the bees had raised the horizontal bit of coiSlI], to an inclined plane, by building a col- umn of wax under one end of it, so that they were enabled with ease, to get at the honey, which, by the way, was old and adhesive, in all the cells on the underside. A larger piece of old comb, charg- ed, with reference to their mechanical skill in rais- ing a great weight, to such a comparative height, was now jdaced inside, and elevated on a col- umn, as in the first instance, before we were aware of their readiness to conmience the undertaking. Whether they took portions of their own enijity comb, or pared the foreign bit, to construct the prop, we were not critical to determine. Flowers were nowbeginning to appear in the garden, where the hive was conveyed one evening, to a tempora- ry house, about thirty rods from their first locality, on the island. By accident it was discovered, that, instead of returning to the hive, after the labors of the ensuing day, they were clustering together, iov.ards nightfall, on a tuft of grass, nearly on the spot were the barrel stood. We roused them, repeat- edly, vainly hoping they would go to the hive, but the effort was unavailing, as they would join the nucleus in a very few minutes. On viewing the hive, there appeared to be a respectable number there ; — the guard were on their posts, at the en- trance ; — and on the whole, the usual order and discipline appeared uninterrupted. Where was the queen at this crisis ? Was she at the hive or on the grass : — or had a royal princess escaped from confinement, and were a part of the subjects fol- lowing her destiny ? Fearing a total loss of those on the grass, and soon too, as a heavy mist was falling, the island keeper took a large earthen ves- sel from the hospital, and waiting till they were con)])aratively quiet, took them up by handfuls into the pot, and poured them into their domicile. He was stung in only one place, by pressing one be- twixt his arm and sleeve. No extraordinary com- motion resulted from carrying back the fugitives, nor was there any subsequent excitement or turmoil, within or without, that was extraordinary. Several times, a heavy piece of comb, charged with honey, was laid over tlie hole, which commu- nicated with the upper box, and as readily moved or raised, that it might be searched, aa when place! entirely within their habitation. On the loth of June, I placed over the aper- ture, a glass hive, shaped much like an inflated bladder, capable of holding nearly three pecks of grain. It was blown of pure flint glass, very clear and thick. Indeed, it resembles a balloon, more than anything else. Near the top, is a ventilator, like the mouth of a phial, in which a cork is some- times kept. Suspended from the centre, is an ash rod, three quarters of an inch square, reaching within six inches of the hole, through which the bees pass from the old box. On this, are three cross bars, reaching laterally, within two inches of the glass walls. The globe is not set flat on the top of the old hive : on the contrary, it stands on several little blocks, half an inch high, so that the bees can pass and repass freely, under the edge of the glass, in various directions, towards the walls of tlie wooden, tight, iron-bound case, which encloses the glass. In the si each wall, the other four laid asunder, at pro- sr distances. To receive five rows of flitclies, ey must be laid on the top of the wall, a piece r wood strong enough to bear the weight of one itch of bacon, must be fixed across the belly end r the flitch, l)y two strings, as the neck end must ang downwards; the piece of wood must be lon- ftr than the flitch is wide, so that each end may ist upon a beam ; they may be put so near eacli ther as not to touch ; the width of it will hold entyfour flitches in a row, and there will be e rows, which will contain one hundred and Venty flitches ; as many barns may be hung at le same time above the flitches, contrived in the sst manner we can. The lower end of the Itches will be within two and a half or three (et of the floor, which must be covered five or inches thick with saw dust, and nmst be kin- lej at two different sides; it will burn, but not lUSe any flame to injure the bacon. The door U8t be kept close, and the hut must have a small lie in the roof, so that part of the smoke may icend. That lot of bacon and hams will be ready pack up in a hogshead to send off" in eight or n daj's or a little longer if required, with very Itle loss of weight. After the bacon is salted, it lay lie in the salt house as described until an order ireceived, then immediately hang it up to dry. enderson found this smoke house to be a great ving, not only in the expense and trouble of oploying men to cart and hang it up through the 'Untry, but it did not lose near so much weight by is process. — Loudon^s Ency, GROUND OYSTER SHELL AND BONE MANURE. The great value of ground oyster shells as a anure for light sandy soils, will be apparent to e mind of every agriculturist on a moment's rc- iction. Containing a large portion of saline, an- lal and marine vegetable matter, it immediately richesthe soil, and keeps it cool and moist, while ' its gradual decomposition, a permanent and rich manure is sup|i|ii'd. For stiff', clayey and sour land, burnt shell is undoubtedly much the best ; and thus in this, as in all other cases of the appli- cation of manure, a proper discrimination is ne- cessary to the appropriation of that which is liest adapted to the dilfcrent kinds of soil. Hence the great utility of a knowledge of agricultural chem- istry. A very partial acquaintance with this branch of chemistry, however, will enable any farmer to distinguish between soils which require lime and those which require ground shell. We were called a few days since to examine a mill erected by I\Ir Cragg, in Old Town, near the fall, for grinding oyster shells, and were highly gratified with the visit. Mr Cragg has at a considerable expense erected a mill, and can sup|)ly any quantity of the ground shell at about 6 cents a bushel. This we believe will be the cheapest and best manure that can be applied to landi adapted to its use. Gar- deners near the city will find especial benefit from its application, as it will not only prove immedi- ately effectual, but enrich their soil for many years. There are some vegetables that absolutely require this species of manure to bring them to the state of perfection of which they are capable, and in- deed which is natural to them. Of this class are all marine vegetables, such as asparagus, seakale, &c. It is believed that if asparagus beds were once well dressed with ground oyster shells, they would yield much more abundantly and much finer as- paragus than they do with stable manure. For proof of this let any one examine the natural growth of asparagus on the shell banks on the shores of of the inlets along the southern sea-coast. And that such manure is essential to the perfection of seakale, is proved by the fact, that this excellent vegetable is found in its natural state nowhere but on the sea-coasts, where it can have the advantage of marine manure. We hope ere long, to see mills erected for grind- ing bones also. It is believed that they would be very profitable around cities, where bones can be abundantly collected ; and the cost of them would be trifling — scarcely more than the expense of gathering. The value of this kind of manure has been sufficiently tested in England, where it is used most extensively. That country pays several millions of dollars annually for bones brought from the continent for manure. Gentlemen who have examined the mills for grinding bones in England, represent them as resembling our cast iron bark mills, the only difference being in their larger size and stronger constructions. They generally con- sist of two sets of grinders, one above the other ; the one for breaking the bones into small pieces, and the other for grinding them into powder. This is also a very permanent manure, as the bones are composed of a large portion of lime ; and on account of this animal matter they are suitable for all kinds of vegetables containing any considerable portion of gluten, such as wheat and other grain, beans, peas, and a variety of others. We hope Mr Cragg will meet v/ith such encouragement in grinding oyster shells, as will induce him to com- mence grinding bones also. — Am. Farmer. JVinter Butter. — Butter is made in some parts of New England through the winter in great perfec- tion. The cows are fed on tlie best hay, that is, hay made of English grass, well cured and sweet, and provender made of the meal of Indian corn and oats ground together, and are kept at night in warm stables. As soon as the milk is strained, it should be put into pans and set in the coldest place that can be found, in order that it may freeze speedi- ly, the sooner the better. By the process of freezing the cream is forced to the top, and may be taken oft' without the least mixture of the frozen milk. The cream should never be placed on, or even near the fire, nor kept in a warm place, but when churned should stand several feet from the kitchen fire. It takes a little longer time to churn, and the butter is usually of a somewhat lighter color ; but the fla- vor, when the above directions are carefully ob- served, is of the finest and richest description. We speak from personal knowledge of the subject, hav- ing been personally acquainted with the quality of the winter bu tter for sixty years. — •Ubanij Argus. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 7, 1831. Directions for the Management of Hothouse f replaces constructed ivith Double Doors and Jishpit Regis- ters. Bij William Atkinson, Esq., F. H. S. ; read before the London Horticultural Society. After the fire is lighted the fire |)lace door should be kept close, and no more air admitted by the ash pit door than is necessary to make the fire bum briskly, — not violently, — because that inci-eases the waste of fuel, without increasing the heat. At all times, the air that is nesessary for blow- ing the fire must be admitted at the ash-pit door or register, in order that it may get heated in pass- ing through the fire to the flame. When air is admitted to the fire place door, it will generally rush over the fire place into the flue, without be- ing heated, thus tending to cool the flue instead of heating it. When the flue is properly heated, and the fuel burned nearly to redness, scarcely any air need be admitted by the ash pit door ; in most cases the fire will burn with what air gets through the crev- ices in the iron work. The damper also should be put in as far as it can be, so as only to keep the fire just alive, and prevent as much as is practica- ble, heat escaping by the chimney. The object is to generate heat in the fire place, just as fast and no faster than it is required to be given out by the flue, for maintaining the temperature of the house. Equal quantities of coal and small cinders keep up a steadier fire than either alone. Before add- ing fresh fuel to the fire, push that which is un- consumed towards the farther ends of the bars, and apply the fresh fuel immediately behind if, so as to fill up the space close to the fireplace door. When fresh fuel is thrown over the surface of a hot fire, it produces an immense volume of smoke and flakes ; when added in front of the fire, mucli of the smoke given out is consumed in passing over the part ignited. When fuel is thrown to the farther end of the fire, or into the throat of the flue after the fire has burned low, and the flue is hot, ' the heat of the brick work distils gas out of the coals ; this gas gets into the flue, and when the fuel over tiie fire becomes in flames, if the flame be drawn into the flue, it ignites the gas that has been there generated, and causes an explosion ; this ought to be particularly attended to, as an explosion of gas in the flue may destroy a valuable collection of plants in a moment.' It is a common practice with gardeners and others, in supplying fuel to furnaces, to draw the live coals to the front of the fire place, and apply 198 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Jan. 7, 1831. the fresh fuel beyond ; the proper practice it will be observed is directly the reverse. Applying the cold fuel next the door, tends to prevent the door from warping by the heat of the fire. When not in use, all the external parts of a furnace ought to be cleaned and oiled to prevent rust. Apply your own hands to the handles in openino- and shutting, and not the spade or shovel, as is frequently practised, and very injurious. A short spade and a short rake, wholly of iron, are all the tools required for the garden furnace. (Ptepared by the EdiCor of the New England Farmer.] FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMEB. THE MIDDLESEX REPORT ON FARMS. Mr Editor — I noticed in the New England Fanner of last week, a communication signed ' A Small Former,' complaining that no premium was awarded to William Buckminster, Esq. of this place, by the Middlese.x Committee on Farms. Mr B. may or may not have been concerned in getting up that article, but as he is known to commend it, it is of less consequence to settle that question. The author of the article we will let pass. If the article had been a fair criticism on the Report, although the propriety of awarding a premium on my farm is called in question, I should not have troubled you or myself with this notice of it. That the public may make proper allowance for the scribbling of 'each ambitious candidate for a premium,' I shall give you my real name. The ' Small Farmer ' takes the article of stock as a criterion. Doubtless this is an important item to be taken into consideration. It will always happen, liowever, that though there are many facts and circumstances which belong to all farms in a greater or less degree, yet there are very many others which belong only to a part ; the condition of Several farms may be exceedingly unlike and various in many particulars ; and it was strikingly the case in the present instance. The many par- ticulars stated in the Report, and probably many others which it would have been tedious to enu- merate, were doubtless considered by the Commit- tee. But supposing the article of stock to be a suffi- cient criterion by which to judge, there are two facts, not contained in the Report, but well known to Mr Buckminster, (whether made known to the committee or the ' Small Farmer,' I will not say) which, if taken into the estimate, would have given different results. The first is that the ' four cows' which are supposed to have been kept in the pasture the past season, have enjoyed the principal benefit of a vote of the town, restraining cattle from run- ning at large. The other is, that the ' two horses ' have been fed very plentifully with grain, most of which was not laised on the farm. The article in question, however, does allude to some other considerations, and as few will probably take the trouble to compare with the Report, I must give one sample of the ' Small Farmer's' fairness. The Report is represented as stating that ' Capt. Wheeler has purchased for nine years the whole ma- nure of the largest stable in the county; he sells no hay.' The reader would understand the nine years last past, and that no hay had been sold during that term. Now hear the Report. It states that in 1809, ' the farm had run to waste,' &c, that the manure from the tavern was put on the farm^o 1810 to 1818 inclusive; that in 1819 the farm ivaa in a. good state of cultivation, and produced abundantly ; that since that time all the manure has been made on the farm ; no hay has been sold for four or Jive years last past. Mr Editor, I have done. ' I hope, Sir,' you ' will not despise ' the ' Small Farmer.' Respectfully, yours, ABNER WHEELER. Framingham, January 4, 1831. arranged the following report of Brighton Marke for the year 1830. The slight degree of hostility exhibited on the first appearance of our reports has given way to a more just and liberal keUug ajid it is now acknowledged that they have exer cised a favorable influence on the market, am tended to increase its importance and usefulness These reports, given we believe with the utmos impartiality, furnish to the fanner, the drover am the grazier, similar information to what the mer chant and manufacturer derive from Prices Cur rent ; and he goes on to buy or sell, with a degrei of confidence otherwise unattainable. Befor our reports were made, there would be at on> time a glut, at another a scarcity; and the grazie who had heard of high prices, would send a largi number of cattle to market, which would mee others j)ressing from all quarters, and be obligei to sell at a loss ; while the report of a glut vvouli cause him to retain his cattle, when they migb bring a fair price. First Quarter, ending March 30. 4863 Beef CatUe, estimated sales, $176,009 7 922 Stoies, '• " 11,064 0 11734 Sheep, " " 26,401 5 2301 Swine, " " 9,204 0 The above is a drawing of an improved harrow, which we have noticed on the well conducted farm of Capt. Daniel Chandler, of Lexington. It is made of two parts, joined together by hinges on the two straight centre pieces, so that one part can be raised and swung over on to the other half, as occasion requires. Its advantages over the connnon sort are, that it is less liable to be stopped, or rendered less effective by stones, stumps, or other obstacles; as one side may be elevated, or turned to a perpendicular po.'-ition, while the other side is jiroceeding horizontally ; and it may be drawn nearer to large rocks, plants, fruit trees, &c, than the common harrow, without risk of injuring them. It will, likewise, better adapt itself to ridges and hollows, as will be evident on inspection. One of the above harrows can be seen at the Agricultural Warehouse in this city. — We had taken some further note-, some time since, respect- ing the judicious management on the farm of Capt. Chandler, but at his suggestion, have deferred the publication of them, till he has completed some contemplated improvements. Brighton Markkt — Monday, Jan. 3. At Market this day, 724 Cattle, about 70 of which were Stoies, 1202 Sheep, and 80 Swme. Prices. — We had anticipatua a con-iderable rise in the market today, but were disappointed. Cattle, liowever, were a little quicker, and a small advance wasetfecled on some qualities. We shall only vary our quotations a trifle from last week, as they were then rather high. Beef Cattle— From 3,25 to 4,50; a few yokes were taken at 4,75, and one or two for $5. Barrelling Cattle — We quote Mess, 3,50, and No. 1 $3. Some lots hi'ought a little more. $3,67 was asWed lor one lot of Mess, sale not effected. Sheep—Vie noticed a beautiful lot cf about 400 weth- ers from Randolph, Vt. most ol which were sold at .f 4 a 4,25 ; we also noticed lots sold at 2,75, 2,25, 2,00 and 1 ,88 ; soi»e ordinary were sold, prices not noticed. Swine — Few sales only effected. At the request of several gentlemen we have $222,679 2. Second Quarter, ending June 30. 3005 Beef Cattle, estimated sales, $102,170 0 344 Stores, " " 6,880 0 5090 Sheep, " " 9,531 6 2167 Swine, " " 8,668 0 $127,249 6 Third Quarta', ending September 27. 5254 Beef Cattle, estimated s.iles, $157,620 0 4820 Stores, " " 53,020 C 45367 Sheep, " " - 68,050 £ 5202 Swine, ■' " 18,207 ( 5296,897 £ Fourth Quarter, ending December 27. 24645 Beef CatUe, estimated sales, $542,190 C 7600 Stores, " " 83,600 ( 70506 Sheep, " " 111,634 £ 9969 Swine, " " 34,891 I $772,316 ( RECAPITULATION. Beef Cattle, 37,767 Sales, $977,989 75 Stores, 13,685 " 154;564 00 Sheep, 132,697 " 215,618 17 Swine, 19,639 " 70,970 50 Whole No. 203,789 $1,419,142 42 The above is g.ithered from our weekly report! and may he considered nearly correct as to iiura bers, but as to sales we may have erred. It i however not exaggerated. In the last quarter c the weekly reports the Beef Cattle have not bee divided from the Stores, but we have come to division, as near as we could, from ourjudgmen at the time. In 1828, ten weeks frotii Sept. 29, (which ajw all the minutes of that year we are in possessio of) 21,546 Cattle, 39,8.31 Sheep and 7127 Swim; In 1829', ten weeks from Sept. 28, 21,271 Cattlt 31,611 Sheep and 8,.524 Swine. In 1S30, tei weeks from Oct. 4, 29,549 Cattle. 60,179 Shec and 7897 Swine. In 1<829, six months from Jul 6, 31,479 Cattle, 81,602 .Sheep and 11,702 Swine —In 1830, six months from July 7,42,319 Cattle 115,863 Sheep and 15,171 Swine. More Cattle, Sheep and Swine were probabh driven the past year to this market, than were ere before in one year. The Beef Cattle, in partictt' lai;, have been, through the fall season, of an un commonly good quality. — Bost. Pat. Vol. IX.— No. 25. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 199 CURK FOR FROST BITTEN FEET. Take the fat of a dmigliill fowl and rub the place or places affected willi it, morning am! even- iiig over a warm fire; at the same time wrapping a piece of woollen cloth, well greased with the same fat, mnnd the frost hitten parts. In two or three days ihay will feel no pain, and in five or six will be qiiito onred. If tlie inner bark of elder, or t]>e leaves of plantain be first simmered with the fat it will be the better. THE PEAR COLMAR DOWEZ. It Js stated in the Bulletin Universel, that this pear lately originated in the neighborhood of Brussels and is said to contain a rare assemblage of extra- ordinary qualities; flesh tender, white, and exquisite- ly melting. The juice abundant, mild, and of an ele- vated ag'reeable perfume, equal to the Ilardenpont d'hiver. In a note, it is observed that the Ilarden- pont Pear is the same as the Glouglou ; and that the Pear Gloux JMorceau de Cambron is the same as the Bcurre de Neuve Maisons, and both resem- ble the IlardeRpout, vulgarly called the Beurre d'- " hiver. BUDDING. Lt the Agriculturul Journal of the Pays Bas, it is recommended to reverse the usual mode of rais- ing the bark for inserting the buds, and to make the cross cut at the bottom of the slit instead of the top, as is done in Britain ; the bud is said rarely to fail of success because it receives abundance of he descending sap, which it cannot receive when it is under the cut. Mr. L. L. Maeouiber, of Gardiner, Me. has se- iiij cured a patent for an improvement in stiffening ( bats. One weighing only 41 oz. has been tloubled up, and put in the pantaloons pocket, whence being withdrawn and slightly shaken, it sprang out into perfect shape. Perhaps these elastic hats may supersede the frightful oper.a caps with it! which some young gentlemen disfigure their heads, "' and which should never be worn by day light. Bonnets have been made in the interior of New- York of hornets and wasps' nests, which are easily prepared and colored. A twin watermelon, placed in the office of the Baltimore Farmer, last summer, remains perfectly fresh and green ; although it has beeti handled by thousands. In relation to the Bohon Upas, or poison tree of Java, a fabulous account of which is going the rounds, Capt. Delano, of Duxbury, in his voyages states that it may be handled with impunity ; and the Philadelphia Gazette states that when Java was ue: in possession of the English, a physician of that lity took a portion of the poison gum from a tree. Jinger and Reason. — When a man is angry it will answer no good purpose to attempt to argue a point with him, or to try to convince him that he is wrong either in practice, or in principle. You must wait till the paroxysm of jiassion has subsided, and the impatient sufferer becomes again a rational being. Some will acquire property by selling brick dust, others will become poor by selling gold dust. A virtuous education, and habits of industry, make a better inheritance for children than a great ,ii( sstate. We are very solicitous to acquire property, J but too often care but little what sort of heirs v/e leave it to. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Saturday, Junuiry 1, laai. FLOWERS. The following varieties of Camellia Japonica were pxhibitod for premium by David Ilaggerston, from Clmrlostown Vineyard : Double White, Car- niition, Warratah, Pompono, Pconiaflora, Kew Blush, and Double Striped ; the following Chrysan- themums by J. W. Russell, from the garden of John Lcmist, Esq., Roxbury : Chrysanthemum Indicum flore pleno alba, or Double White Indian Chrysan- themum. Do. do. flore pleno lutea, or Double Yellow. To Correspondents. — A cotninunicatloa from Phil- adelphia was received too late for this week. Err/T(/T.— ThP renjier is requested 10 make the following correc- tinns in New Enel'ind Furmer.page 177— a part of the errors were in:idf' inlrnnsrrihing: Ist column,, Itli line from the bottom, bet ween tkc :mi\ frsl, iii'^ertns/icsof e/ie— ad col. 7lh line, for premature, rend prumlirr—Mlti line, for clear rend clean— 71h line from the lioitnrii, lii'lwren of and irorking, insert tlie efficacy o/— 3d col. M line, for un/noscrf read unsUrred—JIsl line, for weather read seasons. Stock Jor Sale., For sale, a fine MERINO RAM, imported last spring from St Andero. He may be seen in this city. Apply to J. B. Russell, office of the New England Farmer. Also, a tine led COW, (now with call) of the Short Horn breed — very gentle, has given from 12 to 16 quarts at a milking — may be seen in ten minutes' ride from Bos- ton. Price $50. Apply to J. B. Russell, Farmer ofBce. Jan. 7. Ammunilion .^^Q) Of the best quality and lowest prices, for sporting — constantly lor sale at COPELAND-S POWDER STORE, 65 Broad Stieet. N. B. If the quality is not found satisfactory, it may be returned, and the money will be refunded, tf Jan. 7. Sa.vony Sheep. 46 Rams, one and two years old, and 25 Ewes, do. do. raised by the subscitber, Irom tiist rate imported slock. Also, 100 half and three quarter blood Saxony and Merino Ewes, one, two, and three years old. For sale at his Farm, at Flushins, L. I. 2t EFFINGHAM LAWRENCE. Cocoons. A fa'r price will be given for good Cocoons, of which the moth has been destroyed, by 3t D. JOHNSON, No. 5, Exchange Street, N. York. Mason's Pocket Farrier, Comprising a general descriplion of that noble and use- ful animal the Hoise ; fifth edition, with additions. To which is added a Prize Essay on Mules. By S. W. Pome- loy, Esq. of Brighton, Mass. And an appendix, contain- ing observations and recipes for the cure o( most of the common dintem|iers incident to Horses, Oxen, Cows, Calves, Sheep, Lambs, Swine, Dogs, &c, selected from different authors. And an Addenda, containing the annals of the Turf, American Stud Book, mode of training, rules of Racin.o', &c. Just published and for sale by R. P. & C. Williams, IS and 20 Cornhill. Also, on liberal terms, a large assortment of Agricultu- ral, Historical, Theological, Law, and other Books. Persons selecting Libraries, will find it for their advan- tage to call. 6t Dec. 31. Black Currant Jl'ine. For sale at the -Agricultural Warehouse, 52 North Market Street — A few dozen bottles of superior old Black Currant Wine, made by a gentleman in this vicinity ; ati account of its astringent and detergent properties in various com- plaints, and particularly the Sore Throat, will be found in the New England Farmer, vol. v. page 567, written by Samuel VV. Pomeroy, Esq. and the late Dr John G. Coffin. Price 75 cts. per boitle — also, a few bottles of old White Dutch Currant Wiue, price 50 cts. per bottle. Dec. 31. IVantei], Volumes 2, 3, and 6, of the New England Farmer, to complete a set, for which a liberal price will be paid at the Farmer office, Boston. Dec. 24. Durham Short Horns. For sale, several of the pure breed, descendants of the celebrated animals presented by Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin, to the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. The pedigree of these animals can be given as far back as Hubback, who was calved in 1777, and is reputed the foundation of this much admired slock. Also, several Heifers bred from the same, of various grades, from half up to seven eighths blooded animals. For particulars, inquire of E. Hersev Derby, Salem. Salem, October, 18.30. Prime Orchard Grass Seed, Sfc. For Sale at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, Boston, A few bushels of Prime Orchard Grass Seed, raised by the Hon. Nathan Noyes, of Newburyport, expressly for this establishment. This is remarkal)ly pure and fine, being wholly free from chaff, white weed, Canada thistle, or any weeds, as the grass was not mowed, but the heads cut oif separately, received into a bag, and then spread on sheets to dry, before being threshed. Farmers who wish to secure some of this seed, of the very first quality, are requested to apply soon. Also, seeds of the Martynea Proboscidea, one of the finest articles for pickles. This is raised to much better advantage by planting in the fall. AARON TYLER, of Bath, Maine, having commenced an Establishment for the Promotion of Agriculture and Domestic Economy, and having made arrangements with Mr. J. R. Newell, and Mr. J B. Russell, of the Ag- ricultural Warehouse, Boston, for a supply of the most Improved Tools and Seeds, recommended by them as valuable and useful to be introduced— will be enabled to supply the farmers in Maine at the Boston prices, with the addition of freight. Persons on the Kennebec, and vicin- ity, will find it to their interest to call at Mr Tyler's establishment for their supply of fanning Tools and Gar- den Seeds. A. Tyler also tenders his services to the horticultur- ists and nursery men of Massachusetts ■■ nd elsewhere, for the sale of all kinds of Trees, Vines, Plants, &c, and will be at all times ready to fill orders for the best of Forest Trees, from Maine, put up and packed properly and shipped according to order. A. T. flatters himself by close application and assiduous attention to the above objects, that he shall be enabled to give satisfaction to the public, and be a means of introdu- cing into Maine many valuable productions, heretofore unknown, and thei-eby be a source of improvement to the agriculturist, and of gratification to himself A. T. also tenders his services for the sale of Improved Breeds of Cattle and Sheep. WANTED, a full blooded Bull, 3 or 4 years old, con- taining the best breeds for Milk and Oxen. Letters (post paid) will receive prompt attention. Refer to Hon. Joseph Wingate, Bath, " " H. A. S. Dearborn,- Roxbury. Dec. 10. epotf Treatise on Bees. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer, 52 North Market-street, A f'urtlier supply of a Practical Treatise on the Manage- ment of Bees; and the Establishment of Apiaries, with the best method of destroying and preventing the depre- dations of the Bee Moth. By James Thacher, M. D. Price 75 cents. Silk Cocoons wanted. Cash and a fair price will be given at the New England Seed Store, No. 52 North Market Street, for about 20 lbs of prime Silk Cocoons, to be delivered soon. JVew Jfork on Farriery. Just received and for sale at the Seed Store connected with the New England Farmer Office, No. 52 North Market Street, The Veterinary Surgeon ; or. Farriery taught on a new and easy plan : being a treafise on all the diseases and accidents to which the Hoise is liable ; the causes and symptoms of each, and the most improved remedies em- ployed for the cure in every case ; with instructions to the Shoeing-Smith, Farrier, and Groom, how to acquire knowledge in the art of Farriery, and the prevention of Diseases. Preceded by a popular description of the ani- mal functions in health, and showing the principles o:v which these are to be restored when disordered. By John Hinds, Veterinary Surgeon. With considerable additions and improvements, particularly adapted to this countiy, by Thomas M. Smitti, Veterinary Surgeon, and Member of the London Veterinary Medical Society. Price$l,25. 200 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Jan. 7, 1831. MI SC E LL AN Y. THE carrier's ADDRESS TO HIS PATRONS. Again the knell of parting Time Demands our bulletin sublime, Descriptive of hi? general movements, Backslidings, whim whams and improvements ; — Which notes each notable affair 'T is tit oblivion should spare, And we preserve in peerless pages, For benefiting future ages. Though true it is, the recent year Was fair as most which time's career. In our untoward clime evolves, Some malecontents have passed resolves That they in fact have suffer'd more Than ever martyrs did before — That Job's afflictions, wife, and all. Would less their fortitude appal. Than ills assailing them, by reason Of last year's unpropitious season : — That insects, blight, cold storms and frost, Made farmer's work all labor lost. And them as needy as a mouse. Whose domicil 's a meetinghouse. Such as were built in days of yore. Its basement story not a store. But this is folly's zenith sure, This life, although no sinecure, Presents no pretext to repine. And n~an's by no means made to whine. Or criminate his great Creator, For ills which wait on human nature ; Though certain of the rhyming race, Enforce the doctrine bold and base. That man fulfils by lamentation The duties of his destination, The world in which we 're doing penance, Is well adapted to its tenants. Drizzling and driving storms, 'tis true, Make farmers look a little blue. And blight and canker worm's attack May deepen azure sprites to black ; But these and other ills are sent, Undoubtedly with kind intent. To indicate the great alloys Of transient sublunary joys, Lest erring mortals hold too dear Their fugitive existence here — Should not correctly estimate The blessings of that happy state, Where nothing evil can intrude To mar supreme beatitude. Kind heaven decrees that every one Life's evitable ills should shun. By doing all that mortals can do ; Then all that men can do let man do. To adverse fortune do not yield. Erect or prostrate keep the field. Ne"er set with folded hands, like drones, And weary Providence with moans, Bht put each nerve in requisition 'To meliorate your sad condition. This year may not exactly suit Your grapes, but ripens other fruit — •The squash and melon, lacking heat. Are not preeminently sweet ; But products of still greater use. Are most remarkably profuse ; Potatoes, corn, and English grain Are moro than middling in the main ; Pastures are good, and grass turns out Beyond anticipation, stout. Then, Mr Growlaway, 't is meet You t''ke the bitter with the sweet. SBiall Providence make you its pet .' Is the Great Donor much in debt To worthless worms, for aye complaining, And his supreme decrees arraigning .' '•Be thankful, then, 'tis all you can. And justify God's ways to man. Much good 's effected by the alliance Of patience, industry, and science ; And small annoyances no doubt Great benefits may bring about. Take this example, if you please — Insects assail my apple trees, And 1, by way of counteraction. Wash, prune, manure them to a fraction, Am forced to till them so much better That I become said insects' debtor. Convei-ted to the best of tillers T' accommodate my catei'pillars, I treat Ihem with profuse ablutions Of saponaceous solutions. Which double purposes insure, Destroy the worms and make manure. Therefore, if truth were always shown, I should my obligations own, Obeisance make to bugs and worms. And thank the plagues in polish'd terms — Say to Curculiones tru- Ly I anr much in debt to you — You bade me gather wind-fall'n fruit, (Good Husbandi-y beyond dispute) And boil il up (o feed my swine. And now few orchards equal mine. Vexatious lessons, it is true. Are taught by monitors like you, But usefiil ones, and .such as I For one intend to profit by. We hope that all the insect race Our entomnlogists will trace, Detecting each throughout the changes Its multiform existence ranges — Tell fiirmers how they may come at them, Sans being forced to feed and fat them. Until the throngs of Egypt's curses Exhaust their patience, barns, and purses, — Till every tiny depredator. Not licen.<;ed by the Legislature, To occupy some privileged quarters, (Like fishes bred in certain waters) Will be as much at man's control As pullets roosting on a pole. With no more chance t' escape us than An eel that 's safe in frying pan — And thus eflfpct th' annihilafion Of petty imps of desolation. Tiny, but ten-ible marauder's. That spread destruction through our borders. We thank our horticuUural friends For worthy me.ins to noble ends; They should be crown'd with chaplets fair As art can wreath, or merit wear ; Patriots should prize those labors, which Not only honor, but enrich. Disseminate with liber'al hand Substantial blessings through the land. And we ourselves have labor'd hard. By doing good to win r-egard ; By mental efforts have essay'd To match the energies display'd By this improved impi'oving age, When every man may be a sage. The light which science yields is given Diffusive as the light of heaven, — When learning's intellectual blaze Spreads wide o'er earth as solar rays, And wisdom pr-omenades our streets To lecture evei'y one she meets. But now, may 't please your worship, I 'm About to close my rill of ihyme. By wishing you, through life's career. All that can make you happy here. And in the wor-ld succeeding this, A whole etei-nity of bliss. January, 1, 1831. MARRIAGE. It is needless to caution you ao;ainst the desperate imprudence of falling in love with a lady who is poor in everythinsf hut merit. Nobody commits such a folly now-a-days, since the prodigious advances made by the spirit of the age. Formerly, when ' Adam del- ved, and Eve spun,' poor people might marry without coming upon the parish. But it would be the extreme climax of folly to do it now, when it is impossible to fit out a wife for a walk under a stun that, in those miserable days, would have purchased independence for life. Women of decency never spin anything now, but street-yarn ; an article which has the fash- ionable requisite to recoromend it, being entirely use- less.— Paulding. The following letter has been read in Congress an referred to the Committee on Agriculture. ' Philadelphia, Dec. 7lh, 1830. Sir : You will receive with this letter a silken fla^. bear-ing the colors of the United Slates. This flag i made entirely of American silk, reeled from the cocoon; prepared and woven by Mr John D'Homergue, silk mac ufacturer. The coloring has been done by the best ai list he could procure in the city of Philadelphia, he hin; self not professing to be a dyei'. The staff of this flag with the eagle measures aboi fifteen feet ; the flag itself is twelve feet and a half long and six feet wide. It is woven all in one piece, witlroi a seam. I beg, sir, you will be so good as to pr-esent this flag most respectfully, in my name, to the honorable Hous over which you preside, as a sample of American indu£ try, thus applied for the first time, to the most valuabl of American productions ; and as a result of the efforl (' they have made during the last five years, for th promotion of the important branch of agriculture, I which we owe the ricn uiatei'ial of which this flag i co'nposed. I have the honor to be, with the highest respect, sh your most obedient and most humble servant, PETER S. DUPONCEAU. Hon. Andrew Stevekson. Militia Titles. — Our repiihlican love of titles ha long been a standing jest with foreigners ; and w are glad to find them going into disuse, except oi public occasions. An American, who was presentei to Napoleon, was foolish enough to be announced a Gtntral, in virtue of his militia honors. ' Generc of what.'' inquired the Emperor. ' Of soldiers, sire ' But, are you General of cavalry, artillery, or infant ry .'' 'Of all, sire.' Napoleon shrugged his shoul ders, 'You must be a great General, then,' said he. A Boston Alderman used to say, ' I once made bet with a travelling companion, that the landlord o a tavern we were approaching was a militia office) although I did not know Irim from Adam. My com panion accepted the bet ; and I hailed the landlorc with ' How d'ye do. Colonel ?' You've got the uppei hand of me. Squire; replied he; but nevermind- walk in. I'm going to have my rigiinent here t muster to morrow. Happy to have you stay and se 'em.' Tavern-keepers certainly have very strong claim for militia offices ; and we apprehend the Alderma; would have been safe in making such a bet ninetj nine times out of a hundred. — .Mass. Jour, and Trii JfTio reads an American book ? — The Frenc Chambers being engaged in revising the Crimina Lap's of that country,have adopted Livingston's Cri minal Code for Louisiana, as a basis of the proposei system. To play the fool and marry for love, is to marrj lif Melita, a pretty, young, virtuous and prudent vvomail ij of a frugal temper, and who has a kindness for you^ ^ but less money than JEgina, who is offered you with an extraordinary good portion,and extraordinary good qualifications to squander it all away, and your own along with \\..—La Bruycre. Published every Friday, at ^3 per arrnum, payable at thi *i endof the year-but those who pay within sixty days from thl p tiirre of subscribing, are entitled to a deduction ofiifLy cents' 03= No paper will be sent to a distance without paymen beiirg made in advance. Printed for J. B. Russell, by I. R. Butts — by whom all descriptions of Printing can be executed to meet thtt lit wishes of customers. Orders for printing received by J. Bl Russell, at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 32 NorflU Market t-tieet. AGENTS. New York — G.Thorhurn & Sons, 67 Liberty-street. Philadelphia- \). & C. Landketh,85 CIreslnul-slrect. BaJtimore — G. B. Smith, Editor of the .4mer'ican Farmer. Albany — Hon. Jksse Buel. F/usliing, N. Y. Wm. Prince & SoNs,Pi'op.Lia. Bol.GardM Harl/ord—GoomYia &,Sotis. ' Neivburyport. Ebenezer Stedman, Bookseller. " Portsmoiuh, N. H. J. W. Foster, Boolfceller. f(i Jliicrusta, Me. Wm. Mann. HaliJu.r,N. S.— P. J. Hulla.n'D, Esq. Recprder Office. Montreal, L. C. — A. Bowman, Bookseller. St NEW ENCH-AMB FARMEM. P0BLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse.)— T, G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. VOL. IX. BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 14, 188 1. NO. ae. sjiiisiffsiia. maa^cDSJ^o THE HONEY BEE. Concluded from page 195. lM)moull],Dei:. 30, K30. .V. C. Smith, M. D.— Dkar Sir — Tlie perusal of your interesting bscrvatious lias aftbrded me the greatest degree jf satisfaction, and for which I beg you will accept f my respectfid acknowledgments. The sub ict of bees has for several years occupied a con iderahle share of my attention, but for want of a lass hive and a miscroscope I have been unable to lake any particular theoretical discovery or any ew observations respecting tlieir internal economy am indeed greatly disappointed, and surprised to am tliat with your excellent hive you have not ad tlie pleasure of recognising the queen ; such egctive evidence however will not shake the eneral faith so firmly established in her majesty's "cistence and sovereign dominion. Your queen as undoubtedly in her dignified retirement in le interior of the original hive, while her subjects ere in the exercise of their functions in the glass ive. Some polite ladies have complimented me with i suggestion that the bee fraternity ought to ect a monument of wax to my memory ; but I ill cheerfully resign my claim to that honor in vor of your superior merit. I am exceedingly atified with your history of your ' philosophical iary,' and hope you will continue to pursue your vestigations until you add to our common sll-; ^ me important improvement in the history and aracter of our favorite little insects. Your expe- ent of marking the bees, has, it seems, satisfied you lat there is a class which are employed as archi- rcts exclusively. But still it may be inquired iiether they are preferred, as we prefer the most ilful artists, because they are enabled by supe- ir ingenuity or by long experience to execute the )rk in a manner more advantageous than their tnpeers in common ? I have no idea that insects 3 endowed with the faculty of improving by ex- Tience, or deviating from the routine prescribed them by their Creator. In regard to your eervation that bees are sometimes remiss in their »ors, or that coercion is resorted to for the pur- ee of exciting industry, it is highly probable that pital punishments are inflicted, and that the dead dies you have seen thrust out of the hive occa- nally are those of the executed criminals. I Tret that you were deprived of the pleasure of tnessing the exit of the spider that so auda- lusly intruded himself into your hive. It may pear strange that bees do not on such occasions .ke use of their wings which enable them to rtupon an object with great rapidity. But in the ; of war it is prudent to attack an enemy by regular prottches, and thus acted the bees towards the .der's fortress. Are then these little insect dies inspired by a soul, or can matter think ? ely your account of bees' elevating pieces of tab by building pillars under them, and their art- conduct towards the spider, similar to the human irrior, are precisely analogous to human intelli- nce. J cannot concede to your position that an 'egg is deposited in every cell of honey throughout the hive.' There appears full evidence on examina- tion, and all authorities agree, tliat specific cells are assigned for the reception of honey, and for the eggs which produce the young brood. But, my friend, you must no longer be sceptical as to the existence of a ruling queen. I am yours in all sincerity, James Thacher. Doctor Thacher having presented Doctor Smith's letter to Mrs Mart Griffith of Cliar- liesliope, New Jersey, was favored with tlie fol- lowing observations from tliat accomplished lady. Dr Thacher — Dear Sir — Many are the fables about bees, but the fact of the existence of tlie one denom- inated queen bee is a reality. If anything can be relied on as a certainty in the history of this. curi- ous insect — the bee — it is that there is never more than one female in the hive, excepting when a new swarm goes from the hive. One other fact I must mention, which is, that bees do not sfing one another. Their mode of wag-fare is to gnaw or bite each other under the wings. This they do either when engaged in a regular battle in the air, which some- times occurs, or when they act on the defensive at the door of their hives. I never saw one bee sting another, but I have known them to thrust out tlieir sting when in the agonies of death by smoth- ering ; their sting, thus thrown out in madness, will sometimes.lodge in the body of another bee, but I am sure that they do not inflict wounds with their sting. By gnawing their enemy under the wing, they disable him from fighting and from en- tering the hive. They destroy all the drones in tJiis way. I have seen two and three bees at a time gnawing under the wings of one drone ; hun- dreds of drones may be seen crawling on the ground unable to fly ; of course they soon perish. I shall send you by the first opportunity a queen bee, and will send one to your friend Dr Smith also, as I have four of them in good preservation. (Mrs Griffith's second letter.) Dr Thacher — Dear Sir — You tell me to answer your ques- tions at my leisure ; nothing but very pressing busi- ness, which I cannot plead at present, ought to prevent me from replying to your letter immediately. It would not be becoming in me, to show less zeal in a pursuit which is as interesting to me as to you. The four queen bees, were obtained, when dead, from four smothered swarms. If any of your neighbors smother their bees, you can gather up all the dead bodies carefully, and spread them out on a large table, and on close search you will find the queen ; she is the largest and lightest col- ored bee in the swarm, with shorter wings and pro- boscis than the rest. She can never be mistaken in summer for a drone, for he is a larger, heavy made, thick insect, even darker than a working bee, with wings covering its whole body ; and she cannot be taken for a drone in winter, for not a single drone escapes the general massacre of August and September. Many are the swarms that I have examined, but I never yet saw a drone after September. They are not suflTered to live an instant after the vivification of the last deposi- tion of eggs, and they only make their appearance in the spring, at the precise time when they are wanted to hatch the newly laid eggs. You say that I have suggested a new idea respecting the mode of warfare among bees, and you add that if my suggestions bo true, what becomes ofHnsER's testimony to the contrary ?* My dear sir, how frequently must you have seen theory after theory crumble away, and others of dissimilar character occupy their place. In medicine — you are a medical man — from Hippo- crates down to our Dr Rush, who was the last system-monger, how has each tlieory prevailed for a time I Huber was undoubtedly an honest man, but he was nearly blind, and when we know how much depends on clear vision, we cannot, or rather ought, not to receive all that he says as correct truth. It is true that his secretary, Francis Bur- men, acted for him, but it would indeed be mar- vellous if this assistant were as deeply interested, of as strict integrity, and as well qualified by genius and talent to investigate so minute, perplexing and difficult a history as Ruber was himself. No stain therefore should rest on the fame of a naturalist so deserving of our respect and admiration. As to Frakcis Burmen, I would not accuse him of wilful misrepresentation ; he only reported to Huber what he thought he saw. He had some knowledge of the ' doctrine of consequences.' Bees have stings ; when annoyed by an animal, they sting it ; consequently when enraged by one another they revenge themselves by inflicting a mortal wound with their slings ; so reasoned Fran- CIS Burmen and a host of others. This admitted of further proof, if the shadow of doubt ever pass- ed over their minds, by the circumstance of the curving of the body of the bee when engaged in fight. The fact is, when we consider the length and weight of the lower part of the body compar- ed with the upper part, we shall perceive that this curve is unavoidable ; it is a natural contraction of muscles and it occurs whenever the mind is agitated. I have an excellent microscope, and from long prac- tice I can manage it adroitly, but on the closest examination, I have never yet seen a hole in the dead body of a vanquished bee. If bees sting one another, why do they not sting the drones ? I have sat for hours during their massacre, for the purpose of ascertaining this fact ; but although my eye was within two feet of the platform, I am cer- tain that no sling ever ivas protruded. It was really an arduous task to kill a large drone. It sometimes requir'ed two or three bees to disable him. The drones have no sting, there was no fear therefore of their acting offensively, and their death would only occupy a moment of time, by means of * Huber asserts, that being desirous of witnessing the scene of carnage, he placed six hives on a fjlass table and placed himself and assistant beneath it. On the 4th ot July, the working bees actually massacred the males in the whole six hives, at the same hour and with the saine peculiarities. The glass table was covered with bees full of animation, which flew on the drones, seized them by the antenniE, the wings and limbs, and after having dragged them about, they killed the uiifortunate victims by repeated stings directed between the rings of the belly. The moment that their formidable weapon touched them, was the last of their existence ; they stretched themselves out and expired. J. T. 202 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Jan. 14, 1831, a sting. Even when a battle takes place in the air, the bees never use their sting. I have, when upwards of 20,000 of the slain have laid on the ground, seen as many as a dozen bees attached to each other by means of their stings, and during the agonies of death, by smothering, I have frequently seen the bees with disruptured entrails in conse- quence of their inability to extract their sting. But in both these cases the natural instinct of the insect was gone. In the first case these few, when they were brought down to the ground bv their adversary, and were maddened by rage and pain, were no longer under the control of their instinct. It is what is understood by running a muck, using a deadly instrument indiscriminately without any preconcerted, or definite plan. And in the case of smothered bees, I have more fre- quently seen their stings attached to the lumps of melted brimstone and earth than to one another. I wish I could satisfy myself equally well as to the use of the farina or bee-bread ; for the bee-bread, you know, is nothing more than layers of little pel- lets, well packed down in the cells by the bees. These pellets are put in the cells exactly as they are taken from the flowers, showing when the cell is opened all the different shades of yellow which the pellets exliibited on the thighs of the bees, and only acquiring that uniformity of color and bitter, acrid, offensive taste by heat and age. I am as ig- norant at this moment for what purpose this bee- bread is brouglit into the hive, as I was when I first commenced the investigation. The riiaggols are not fed with it, that is certain ; and it is quite 'as certain that it does not enter into the composi- tion of wax. The nearest guess that I can make towards the truth is, that it is the principal ingre- dient of propolis or bee-glue, wliich you knov/ is distinct in its nature and properties from wax.* As to wax I consider it as a secretion. I have had no means of ascertaining whether it be volun- tarily raised from the stomach, or from any other viscus or organ. Wherever it may be elaborated, its first appearance as icax, is from the mouth. If Dr Smith have any cause to value my opinions, he can soon satisfy himself of this truth. For although he cannot gain much consecutive knowledge by watch- ing the operations of the bees through a glass hive, these insects being very impatient of such inspection, yet for a second or two he can see enough to convince him that ivax is a visceral secretion, and not an exudition from the pores of the body, as some au- thors imagine. I would not hurt Dr Smith's feel- * I readily concede to the position of Mrs G. that farina or bee-bread is not designed as food for the young brood, nor is it an ingredient in the composition of wax, as for- merly supposed. But that it is of important use in their economy is unquestionable; it is undoubtedly eaten by the bees, an*l it has been asserted by some writer that a hive of bees, however amply supplied with honey, can- not subsist through the winter without a store of boe- bread. It is apparent to every observer that these m^ects are employed from the latter part of March, to late in October, m collecting pollen asVoll as honey, and storing it in their hives to a very consideiable amount. One writer has asserted that there has been found in a single hive the extraordinary quantity of one hundred pounds* From this fact it may be concluded that farina is not intended for the formation of propolis, of which a few ounces will suffice all the purposes of a hive; faiina moreover possesses no agghitinant property, which is essential in the formation of bee-glue. It may be noticed as proof that bees eat bee bread, that, in the spring especially numerous yellow spots oie nhserved on the floor board and ahout the hive having the j,|,eaiaoce of fiirina evacuated by the bees. J. T. * Mease's edition of Willich's Encyclopedia, ar- ticle Bee-bread, ings, by showing what little knowledge I possess when it goes to prove him in error. But of what use is my experience, or any experience, if it is not to benefit others ? The very mistakes that he has made show so much minute attention, and his remarks are so sensible, tliat I foresee you will find in him an able coadjutor. It will not pain him, I am sure, to be told that he has started wrong. When a glass door is suddenly opened, the glare of light surprises the bees ; they become confused and run about without any apparent ob- ject. I must except those who are employed in building the comb, they are generally less affected by external interruption than the other workers. Those bees, too, which come in loaded with pellets of bee bread, will generally move forward and de- posit their load, but there is soon a general dis- turbance, and many false conclusions must be drawn from their mode of proceeding. What Dr S.mith says of dressing or cleaning one another is true ; when a bee comes in ' travel- soiled,' one or more bees immediately surround him, relieve him of his psUet or honey, and then nibble at him as it were from head to tail, and when they release him, he is as fresh and vigoroys as ever. What the Doctor suggests about punishments is true enough. The bees which he has seen dragged out, apparently in full healtli, were intruders, or they were disabled in some way or other. If a bee droop on his return from an excursion, and is not invigorated after being ministered to, he is imme- diately destroyed. They do not allow a crippled or sick bee to remain an instant in the hive ; there cannot be an idler among them; even those who are apparently idle at the entrance, or on the side of the hive, have some part of the policy assigned them. The noises which are made by the rapid motion of their wings is for some purpose ; cer- tainly ; when the motion of the wings occurs at the door of the hive, it is to serve as ventilation.' I am yours, very respectfully. M. Griffith. TO RAISE HOLLY PLANTS. Mr Fessenden — I copy a receipt from a work by Mr Philips, ( ' Sylva Florifera,') which you may be pleased to communicate. 'The English nurserymen have collected 50 different kinds of Holly, all of which may he pro- pagated by grafting on a common stock. The berries like the seed of the Hawthorn, hang on nil winter and remain in the earth two years before sproutiiig — unless they have passed through the stomach of fowls, when they vegetate in one year. We have therefore only to give them a similar fermentation by art to enable us to raise young plants in one year instead of two. For this pur- pose take a bushel of bran, mix it with the seed in a tub — v/et it with soft water, and let it remain undisturbed for 16 days, when the bran will be- gin to ferment — sprinkle occasionally with warm water to keep it moist, and in ahout 30 or 40 days the heat of the bran will put the berries in a state of vegetation fit for sowing in ahout a week after the fermentation has commenced.' (page 290, 1st vol.) The above may be worth the experiment, as the young plants would sell readily. Yours, G, W. n. Mr Myers of New York, has given notice in. the Legislature of a bill to have but one militia training a year. MR COOK'S ADDRESS. (Continued from page 195.) It must be obvious to those who have devotee their attention !o the cultivation of fruit.s, that thi same varieties will thrive belter in one quality o soil, than in another. This is undoubtedly trut even of some of the most hardy, and more espe cially of those of the more tender and delicati kinds. The russeting apple afl^ords an exampU of this ameliorating effect, and will furnish a sat isfactory elucidation of this position. The mos perfect are those which are produced upon elevat- ed or dry soils interspersed with rocks ; wbik those which grow in low and moist lands, possesE less of the distinguishing traits of that variety. ] do not state this so much as the result of my owr |)iactical observations, as from those of more ex- [lerienced cultivators. Such being the fact in re- lation to one sort of fruit, may it not be rationally inferred that it should be likewise true of many others.' The subject commends itself to our at- tention with peculiar interest, and I cannot doubl but that it will receive the consideration it meritaj Associations directed to the promotion of hor- ticultural pursuits are of comparatively recent date, It was reserved to that country, from whence the intrepid band of Pilgrims came, to found an empire in this Western hemisphere, to become the pioneers in this acceptable work, as she bad ever been in all others that had a tendency to shed a lustre upon her name, and to inqjart to olhei nations the influence of Jier beneficent and glori- ous example. The time has pnssed away, andi with it the excitement, I trust, never to be revivecL when to speak in commendation of the institutionei *' of Great Britain, would subject the eulogist to the suspicion that he was distrustful of those oil his native country. I leave to abler hands, anc more gifted minds, the correction of those un- manly and illiberal personalities, that have de- graded the literature of England in relation to out manners and habits, and the uncharitable and mis- taken views of our government, and the adminis- tration of its laws, which have been furnished by itinerant book-makers, in return for the generoue' hospitalities of our countrymen, and thus made the only adequate return of which they were ca- pable. The Horticultural Society of London was es- tablished in 1805, under the highly flatleringaus- pices of distinguished scientific and practical men, aud was the first institution of the kind that had been founded in Europe. It has developed a wide field of operations, and extended itsreseaicheS' to almost every accessible part of the globe. In- numerable specimens of the riches of the natural world have been collected under its direction, and |f>i transferred to England. Asia and Africa, and |pt America and Continental Europe, have contrib- uted to swell the catalogue of rare aud valuable* Hi plants, to enrich and beautify the rural retreats of our father land. In 1809, the Caledonian Horticultural Society was formed in Scotland, and still numbers among its patrons the first of the nobility and gentry of that loyal nation. The Horticultural Society of Paris was institut- ed in 1826, and is ra])idly increasing in numbers aiul in influence. Between the society of Mas- saehnsetts and that of Paris the most friendly rela- tions exist, and are fostered. We have received the most conclusive evidence of their regard, and of their desire to promote a reciprocal interchange lel )ii * 4 Vol. IX.— No. -20. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 203 ot" ii|Miiioiis iiiul sentiments upon the subject of _^ui innliiiil pursuits. \\ 0 li.ive invited the cooperation of the several il riuniltuial Societies in our own country, to piir- licipato with us in e.xtendiiig the influence, and mpartinga taste for rural cuiployuients. We have jxpressed a desire to be identified with thoni in iie general design of our labors. \Vc founded :his institution for purposes of public utility, and ive wish to sec its benetits become co-extensive ,vith the limits of our land. Whatever of good nay result from our industry, or be achieved by )ur exertions, must be seen and felt, and will, 1 rust, be acknowledged by the community. \ taste for rural pursuits and improved culture las been widely dift'used througli the influence nd example of this society. An emulation has een excited which has been productive of highly ratifying results. Tlie weekly exhibitions at our lall the past and passing season, have furnished ndeniable evidence of the truth of this assertion, 'he increased varieties of beautiful flowers, and ch fruits, and fine culinary plant.s, have surpass- d oiu- anticipations, and more than all these, are le gratifying effects that have followed those ex- ibitions in the expressions of deliglit we have card from those who have attended them. We innot be insensible to the commendation of our diow-citizens ; we ask for their support and en- juragement ; anil I feel assured that a generous id tasteful community can never be unmindful of le importance of sustaining an institution that mtributes so essentially to the supply of their niMion necessities, anil administers so abund- itly to the happiness of the healthful, and the so- ce of the invalid. The varieties of soil and of climate with hich our country is diversified, are favorable to rowih of almost every plant, which nature elds to the wants or the tastes of man. The agnolia, the tulip, the judas, the laurel, and other wering trees that may vie in beauty and fra- ance with almost any of the exotic plants, are digenous to our forests, and are im|)roved by dtivation when transplanted to ajipropriate situa- ■ensable to our convenience and com- ;t. In the interminable forests where the voice of ■ilized man has not been heard, nor the foot of 'ilized man |)enetrated, where the silence of na- ro has continued undisturbed since the earliest wn of creation, save by the bowlings of the un- ,j ned enemies of our race, or the murmuring of Iters rushing to their appointed destination in ■Iden meanderings, or gliding in silvery bright- 5S through verdant meadows, and over rocky cipiccs, tumbling in wild and fearful confusion 0 the deep cliasra, thence flinging their glitter- ; spray upwards, mingling in sunbeams, and nging midway jn the heavens the transient luties of the bow of promise ! — there, where ure reposes in her lofty, but rude and simple mdeur, in coming years, though perhaps re- te, men from all sections of this vast country, i from nations beyond the sea, will be gathered ether, and from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean the far-offborders of the Pacific Sea, under the •tecting aegis of our insignia of liberty, villages, 1 towns and cities will arise, and associations ■' will he established, where the cheering light of sci ence and the arts shall blend their uitlucuce, and seminaries of learning will bo founded, that shall give to mind its power and to man his merited elevation, and a taste for all that administers to the im|n-ovement of social life, and the dilFusion of the means of social happiness, and Gou shall be worshipped in temples consecrated to His ser- vice in the simplicity, and truth, and power of His word. In this future vision, that is not destined to bless our sight, but is reserved to future generations to look upon, may we not hope that the influence of those principles we now commemorate may be im- planted and widely difflised ? It is a common observation of travellers, that in the interior portions of New England, remote from jjopulous towns, very little if any attention is given to the cultivation of good fruits, and it is equally true that many of our substantial practi- cal ag'.iculturists in those regions, deny themselves eveit the convenience or luxury of a kitchen gar- den. Mankind must be permitted to stint them- selves in the enjoyments of the bounties of nature if such be their pleasure. If indifl'erence or parsi- mony induce such self-denial, and they who prac- tise it were alone inconvenienced, it is matter with which a stranger need not intermeddle; but inas- much, as such a disuse of the bounties of heaven are detrimental to the public at large, we may re- buke the unpatriotic spirit by which they are in- fluenced. It is worthy of remark, that in all parts of the continent of Europe where fruits are abundant and cheaply procured, a greater degree of temper- ance in the use of intoxicating liquors is prevalent among all classes of the inhabitatits than else- where. This consideration alone, commends the subject most forcibly to the general favor, and in an especial manner to those philanthropic men who are devising plans for the suppression of that debasing and destructive practice of intem- perance. Horticultural societies are in a measure auxiliary to this benevolent design, in administer- ing an antidote to that baneful indulgence which makes havoc of the mind, by furnishing a substi- tute in the wholesome beverage expressed from the apple, the pear, the grape and the currant, as in the solace to be derived from the natural and or- dinary use of the fruit. Rural architecture may not inappropriately claim a passing notice on the present occasion. It has not hitherto, here, received the attention it deserves. One reason why it has not, is probably the unwillingnes.s, or the apprehension of incur- ring an exjiensive outlay, without the immediate prospect of an adequate return. This, I think, it may be made apparent, is more imaginary than real. It is not to be denied that large sums have been injudiciously expended in the construction of some of our rural retreats, and more especially in the erection of the house, the preparation of gravel-walks, the construction of observatories, artificial caverns, fish-ponds, etc. Those who pos- sess the means, have an unquestionable right to gratify their tastes, and indulge their fancies, in such expenditures, but it does not follow that others, with more limited resources, may not pro- cure as much satisfaction by a less conspicuous display of their tastes and their fancies. Durabil- ity in the materials selected, and convenience and simplicity in the design and construction of the house, are all that is essential for a country resi- dence. A white exterior, which presents a pleas- iiig contrast to the green vestments, the prevail- ing coloring of nature in her rural empire, is pre- ferable to any other. The artificial embellish- tuents of the exterior of the house are of second- ary consideration. The honey-suckle, the big no- nia, the eglantine and the woodbine, intermingling and entwining their flexible branches, and attach- ing themselves by their tendrils, or other means with which nature has provided them to any ob- ject that will afford them support, or artificially secured and tastefully arranged, will present a far more pleasing aspect than the ingenuity of man can devise, or the application of art a<;compIisli. But it is upon the grounds that the taste of the pro- prietor should be exhibited ; this can be effected at comparatively little expense. Most of the native, and many of the foreign varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs, may be raised from seeds, and a nursery thus formed, will in a few years afford a sufficient supply to occupy the borders or other places designed for their reception. Collections of many desirable kinds may be procured from the contiguous forests. The work of preparing the borders or divisions of the enclosure to be ap- propriated to the location of the plants, may be done at intervals when leisure will permit, or when it will not interfere with more important duties. The gravelling of garden avenues may be dis- pensed with. The ordinary soil, levelled and laid smooth with the roller, will present an agreeable surface with less labor and cost than the former. Grass edgings are preferable to those of box ; their symmetry can be preserved with less care, and are less obnoxious to the charge of the treason- able practice of affording shelter and sustenance to myriads of insects which prey upon the delic- ious products of the vine and other rare fruit. To he concluded next week. Dr Franklin. — Charles Thompson, the secre- tary of congress, said he well remembered the cir- cumstance of the first introduction of broom-corn into our country. Dr B. Franklin chanced to gee an imported corn whisk in the possession of a lady, and while examining it as a novelty, he es- pied a grain of it still attached to the stalk. This he took and planted, and so we at length have got it in abundance among us. The yellow willow among us was introduced from a similar accident, as told me by T. Matlack, Mrs D. Logan, and Samuel Coates. All in our state came originally from some wickerwork found sprouting in a basket-state in dock creek. It was seen by Dr Franklin, who took it out and gave the cuttings to Charles Norris of that day, who reared them at the grounds now the site of the Bank of the United States, where they grew to great stature. — Watson's Annals. Admonitory Sentence. — The late Rev. Dr Gar- diner of Boston is represented in one of M. Car- ey's essays on the charities of Philadelphia, as hav- ing said — 'My dearly beloved Brethren, let me so- letnnly assure you, that some of yoii inight appro- priate five, some ten, some fifteen, some twenty thousand dollars a year, for charitable and benevo- lent purposes, and still retain enough to ruin your children.^ Mr C. very justly remarks, ' What a lesson! how little regarded by parents in general ! How fully borne out by the career of a large number of those who inherit independent fortunes, without the necessity of attending to business.' 204 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT The Petersburg (Va.) Rail-road Company, we ob- ' serve, are making preparations for an active and vig- orous prosecution of their work in the ensuing spring. They have invited proposals lor furnishing the vequi- site limber for six sections of the Road, often miles each. South CaroZin«.— About six miles of the Rail road leading from Charleston are completed and the work is in rapid progress. The papers announce the arri- val of a locomotive engine, made in New York. As soon as a section of the Road is finished it is brought into operation for the passage of coaches. Iieniucky. — The engineers of the Lexington and Ohio ll^tl Road are engaged in the surveys of the rout of the road. The result, so far as they have ad- vanced, shows that the country is peculiarly favora- ble for the construction of the work. Delaware. — The New Castle and Frenchtown Rail Road Company have the whole of their line under contract for graduation. The Camden & Amboy Rail road Company have invited proposals for furnishing 30,000 stone blocks for the construction of that road. The road has been commenced at Camden. Munjland. — The First Division of thirteen miles of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway continues to be kept in active and profitable operation by the numer- ous visiters, citizens, and strangers from all parts of the country, who are daily making excursions on it. The various parts of the unfinished lines are advan- cing with a steady progress, and will soon contribute their share of interest and productiveness to the gen- eral undertaking.— BaWimoT-c Chronicle. The Schuylkill Valley Rail Road which has been in full operation the greater part of the present sea- son commences at Port Carbon, and terminates at Tuscarora, a distance often mites. There are also ISlateral Rail Roads intersecting it, the distances of which combined, will amount to about ten miles. The main branch cost .$53,000, and the laterals, we presume, about $20,000. The Mill Creek Rail Read (which has also been in operation the present season) commences at Port Carbon, and extends up Mill Creek four miles. This road cost about $14,000. There are about three miles of lateral road intersecting the main branch, which cost about $2000 per mile. The West Branch Rail Road (one track of which is now in operation) commences at Schuylkill Haven and terminates at the foot of the Broad Mountain.— The length of said road, including thd West Branch ■will be 15 miles, and will cost upwards of $150,000. There are also aboutfive miles of lateral roads inter- secting it, the average cost of which will be about ^QOOO'per mile. The Mount Carbon Rail Road commences at Mount Carbon, and extends up the two branches of the Nor- wcfian, a distance of nine miles, which will cost about .«UOO,000. A number of lateral roads on this have also been commenced. RECAPITULATION. , Jdiles. Cost. Schuylkill Valley Road Laterals intersecting do Mill Creek Road Laterals intersecting do West Branch Road Laterals intersecting do Mount Carbon Pi,oad Total 50 $355,000 Mass. Journal. The following Rail Roads have been commenced in this county : The Pinegrove Rail Road, which extends from the Mines to the Swatara feeder, a distance of five miles. This road will cost about $30,000, and be completed early next season. The little Schuylkill Rail Road commences at Port Clinton, and extends up said stream to the NEVJ- ENGLAND FARMER, ri'.nes, a distance of about 23 miles. This road, it is expected, will be completed next season, if laid with wooden rails. If iron rails should be concluded on. the time for completion, of course, must be extended. This road, if constructed with vA'Ooden rails, will probably cost $250,000 — if constructed with iron rails, about .f 400,000. Making 84 miles of Rail road, at an expense of j;i635,000. All the above Rail Roads have been commenced within the last two years, and when completed will yield a fair per cuntage on the capital invested. — Miner''s Journal. ' The state of Ohio is already deriving great ad- vantages from her canal. It has been opened for navigation since July last. A Rochester, N. Y. paper, says that !JOO,000 bushels of wheat had been received from Ohio — they pay from ninety to niueiysix cents per busliel — their mills make 2,000, and can make 3,000 barrels of flour per day. In twenty days, $50,000 in cash was sent into Ohio for produce.' The foregoing paragraph is taken from an east- ern paper, and shows practically the influence of the canal, on the prosperity of our state. Tije price of wheat we are informed is, in the interior counties near the canal, nearly double what could be given for it without the advantage of canal transportation. It will therefore readily be per- ceived, that, from the immense quantities of pro- duce which our state affords, the additional price which it noW commands will, in a very short period of time, increase the wealth of the state, — of the farmers — to an extent far beyond the cost of the canals. Practical demonstration is thus given, of the wisdom of the j)olicy which dictated the construction of these works; and when they are completed, and the tolls become as productive as they must necessarily become, the revenue they will yield must remove all jiretext for complaint respecting the canal policy. We have been informed of an advantage that the adoption of this system of policy has produced to the state, which never entered into the calcula- tions of its friends. It is said that a number of farmers have been induced to sell their farms and leave the state in order to avoid the payment of canal taxes. It is a decided advantage to any com- munity, to be relieved of such stupid, wrong headed men, as will not consent to bear a portion of the ex- pense necessary forthe general improvement of the country, when, like that of the improvement of their farms, it brings tenfold advantages to them. The places of such men, will always be supplied by more valuable, useful and intelligent citizens. Western Tiller. 10 $53,000 10 20,000 4 14,000 3 C,000 15 150,000 5 10,000 9 100,000 Jan. 14, 1831. pregnated with the usual animal and ve matters, displayed their deleterious effect both o fruit trees and culinary vegetables, not less than i the chrysanthemum pots. The gardener finding h: fruit trees not to thrive so well as he expected, bu attributing it to a different cause, took up a num ber of them, and formed a substratum of ashes i order to lay them, as he said, dry and comfortable The trees got worse, and were again taken up an^ tlie ashes removed ; but such were the deleteriou ifli effects of the ashes already worked into the soi that this garden which previously was, and now ii one of the most productive in Scotland, was tw or three years before even moderate crops could b aised. ijl iBt COAL ASHES. The Gardener's Magazine says, it does not seem to be generally known among gardeners, that cin- ders, whether large or small, are injurious to the roots of many if not of most vegetables. A few days agoin shifting a few roots of chrysanthemums, we observed souje of the plants looking much less healthy than others. On turning the unhealthy plants out of the pot, we found that instead of potsherds a large handful of pitcoal cinders had been used for draining them. On turning out the healthy plants, potsherds had been employed as usual and the roots were matted about them, while no roots had penetrated among the cinders. On directing the attention of a horticultural friend to the circum.stance, he related the case of a large gar- den in Scotland which had been manured or coaled over with coal ashes from a neighboring town for two years in succession ; which ashes though im- ^; Warming Hooses. — There is much popula: ignorance prevailing on the subject of warmini and ventilating houses both among the Englis. and Anglo-Americans. One would have though that the advice and experiments of such men ai Franklin and Rumford would have dispelled th^ illusions about people being more liable to catc, c:old when a regular and uniform heat is kept m in their apartments, than when these are traversed liy currents from doors, windows, and every crevica all rushing towards an open fire. But prejudica m, are hard to be overcome — the more so indeeqf the more beneficial their abandonment. If were really made hardier, and acquired exemptio: from the complaints so common in our variabll climate, during the autumn, winter and sprin(| months, by the common practices of using opeii fires, — single windows and doors, we might givrl up the comfort of the opposition ))!an : but n» such good follows our exposure: no frame, hoW ever vigorous, is exempt from the assaults streams of cold air in our houses This is ndl however, a matter df theory, or to be argued froi individual experience. — National usage, coldest climates in Europe, is decisive on tl point. The Russians, Finlanders, and Swedes, all classes, are not ashamed to keep up nearljij summer heat in their houses during the wini month.« — they have no fears of being call eftiiunnate. On the contrary, allege, that in sail; ing out from their houses into the external frost; air^ they are able to bear and even enjoy this kiiK of exposure, or air-b< The dark day was on the 19th of May, 1780; where I resided at that time ; the darkness at 11 o'clock was so great, that a candle was lighted and placed upon the table; — the fowls went to roost; — the sheep all huddled around in a circle, with Vol. IX.— Nn. 26. AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 205 Jtlic'ir heads inward. The grass, to look at it ;hroii|;h the window, seemed of a yellow green ; he suniB as to look through smoked glass upon »rceii grass. I well renieniber, that the gentleman of the lOHse read the following scripture by candle light, ;o his numerous family : ' The sun shall he turned into darkness, and the noon into hloo keep themselves from freezing. The British 'rmy had left the island of Rhode Island in No- vember, 1779, and stripped the people of all their aluables. In a manner the years of 1779 and ,780, were the hardest winters known for a century mt past. The weather was so severe in the winter of 780, that many people were frozen to death. A nan went from Attleborough, Mass. with a load of loops to Boston, and was caught in the great storm ; ind returning home, was frozen to death, coming kffBoston neck. His ox team was frozen to death, Uld was found standing on their feet as the snow ivas deep enough to support them. 3. A man quite recently entered a store with half a bushel of corn, all of which was bartered for rum, even when his family needed it for their daily sustenance. 4. Within a month a wife has been driven from her house on the morning of the sabbath to seek refuge from the-brutality of her husband, who threatened her life. Iler husband was maddened by rum. 5. Two individuals in this town have within a fortnight suffered severe injuries in conseque«ice of intoxication by rum. One fell under his cart wheel which horribly mangled his leg — and the other had his arm broki'n in a drunken quarrel. No men labor harder than printers — no men are more scantily paid in proportion to the wear and tear of mental and physical constitution — no men in this community, we are quite certain, are called upon for so large an amount, in proportion to their means, of thpir gratuitous services — and we believe that no men perform those unpaid ser- vices with more cheerful alacrity. The boldness or indifference with which some people lay an as- sessment upon newspaper proprietors would justify the inference that they supposed types and presses to cost nothing, journeymen and tipprentices to la- bor and live without need of food or clothing, and paper-makers to furnish a costly material without ever asking for payment. We have no doubt that each of the proprietors of the daily papers in this city, gives enough annually, in the way of gratuitous advertising for persons or societies who are able and ought to pay, in newspapers in which he gets neither credit nor thanks, to defray tlie expenses of educating his children, even though he might have a son or two in college. If some rich fellow who inherited his money without earning it, were to give away half as much, he woidd be laud- ed 'aky high ' as the prince of philanthropists, and his name would ring along the Atlantic from Maine to Mexico, and be echoed by the Rocky Mountains, as a benefactor of his race. A few hundred dol- lars, given in a lump, is something to tell of; si.x- pence at a time, a dozen times a day, is never thought of. — Boston Courier. sriBW issr^iLiisriD ^iiuimi2i2» BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY It, 1831. Premiums. — At a Meeting of the Trustees of the Middlesex Agricultural Society, held in Concord, on Wednesday, the 29th ult. the following Premiums were awarded : To Nathan Brooks, of Acton, for 36 1-2 bush. sis quarts of Rye from one acre and five rods, ' $15,00 To Richard Hall, of Littleton, for 2144 pounds of Hops, first quality, from 148 rods, §10,00 The following striking facts, we learn from the Brunswick Journal, were communicated at the last Ttecting of the Temperance Society in that town. Let him who has a hankering for strong drink ead and tremble least he become as miserable an object as these. — Portland Courier. 1. Within a sliort time a man in this town sold is own coat twice, which was each time redeem- ed by the lalior of his virtuous, industrious wife, articles of clothing belonging to his wife, crockery ftom his table, — and even a blanket taken from his bed, all for rum. 2. There is a female in this town who will sell articles of provision, as grain, potatoes, or beans by the pint, quart or peck to neighbors for rum. Manufactures of Greene County. — The Cattskill Recorder of the 16th irist. says, on Monday last, the sloop Cattskill sailed from the wharf of Messrs Donnelly, Cookes and Co., having on board 10,000 sides of leather, worth more than 850,000, all manufactured in that county. This they say is but a small item of the inmiense amount of the product of the Oak and Hemlocks of their moun- tains. On the same day other sloops sailed from there, freighted with the same article ; and from ten to twenty loads of leather have been received daily, for many days past, in that village, each load averaging in value, from five to six hundred dol- lars. So much for cultivating our own resources. Illinois. — Number of inhabitants 161,055. 1820, 55,21L Increase, 105,844. In USES OF THE POTATO. The different uses to which the potato may be applied are the thirtyone following. I, 2, 3. Itshaidm in a green state, is good food both for cattle and sheep ; dried and burned the ashes afford potash or will form artificial nitre beds. 4. The tubers in a frozen state afibrd starch. 5. Potatoes young or old, may be eaten roasted, steamed or boiled. G. They may be made into bread, with one third part of flour. 7. Soups may be made of them ; they may be roasted or fried. 8. With the flour of potatoes every description of pastry may be formed. 9. Converted into fecula or starch or cut into slices, and dried by steam, they may be preserved for any length of time, 10. Vermicelh, and tapioca, articles which may be made of the flour or starch of any plant, may of course be formed from them. II, 12, 13. They are mixed with gravy ; they are made into j^aste and starcli. 14. Mixed with stucco they form an improved plaster. 15. They nourish every description of domestic animal, and during winter are eaten by hares an