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THE

NEW EWeL<A

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^

GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

Containing

il^^a ®IBn©nsr^Si A.SriS-SISILiIlOS'I^IDa

RELATING TO

AGRICULTURE AND D03IESTIC ECONOMY,

w
1 •

WITH THE

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE

BY THOMAS G. F E S S E N D E N

VOL. X III— NEW SERIES. VOL. IV.

' •

BOSTON:
rUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NOS. 51 & 52 NORTH MARKET STREET.

1835.

V.

%

Per
M444

12 3^

/bS'

INDEX- '

TO THE THIRTEENTH VOLUME OF THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

Acorns, uses and preservation of, 94.

Addrcsss to Mass. Hon. S( ciety by J. C. Gray, 161 ; lo
Hampshire, Hampden' and I'ranklin Agricullual Soci-
ety, 2Sio; of Mr lilydensburgl) to tiie Renseiaer
County Agricultural Society, 24y, 200 ; to the Hamp-
shire, Hampden and Franklin Society, by Hon.
S. Lothrop, 2S'J, 297; of Mr Mosely to the Esscv
County Agricultural Society, 313, 321. •

Aged, on the care of, 15(3.

A. G., his communication on cold weather &c. 222.

Agricultural Society, Essex, their Annual E.xhibition,
97,348, 37c), 3dtf, 410; of Massachusetts, premium
list of, 73 ; re|iort of, 258, 268, 270, 282 ; of Worcester
County, 115; Ploughing Match, 115; on neat cattle,
122 ; on fat cattle and milch cows, 122; on butter and
clieuse, 122; on miscellaneous manufactures, 129;
on swine, 130; on working oxen, 140; on heifers,
140; Prospectus of the cattle showi^c, lor Oct. 1835,
369; of Rhode Island, officers of, 121; of Middlesex,
report of Committee of on Farms, 132; of Plymouth
County, 276; of West Springfield, 133.

Agricola, on saving corn stalks Ate, 4J2.

Agiicultural books, a list of, 4U2.

Agricultural lour, 378.

Agriculture and Kural Economy, article on, written by
the Editor for the Americ.n Almanar, 177.

Agriculture, on the relative pleasure and profit of, 12
on its advatages, 206 ; political remaiks on, 300.

Air, importance ot tlie purity of, 85.

Albatros, the, notices ol, 312.

Allen, Rev. Morrill, on laying down grass land, 157.

Allen, Rev. W., on making butter late in the fall, &c.
210.

Amateur Farmer, on destroying thistles, 17.

American aiitiquilics, notice ol, 192.

Ames, U. T. on the cultivation of pie-plant, 2.

Ancient simplicity in Massachusetts, ISO.

Anecdotes, 1.

Animals, language of, 349.

Anti-tight lacing society, 8.

Antiquarians, discoveries interesting, 202.

Apple, the Heatli, notice of, 28; a large one, 46; half
aweet and half sour, lUl ; the Greening, origin of us
name, 212.

Apples preserved in dry sand, by Mr Levi Tucker, 13;
new mode of [ireserving, 37 ; to make a jelly from, 43 ;
scarcity of the present season, 82; feeding liogs with,
100, liil, 316 ; early, advantages of, 109; fine, raised
by M, Sisson Esq., 117.

Apple trees, bearing alternate years, how to change
llieir habit, 28 ; one about four feet in diameter, 82.

Aqueduct near Greenock, notice of, 149.

Architecture of Wasliiiigtou Cupit'.l, 139; of farm
buildings, 197 ; of Uallimoie monumen s, 205.

Articles alloat, or stiden articles, notice ol, 94 ; long, in
newspaper, sometime^ expedient, 216.

Artichoke, Jerusalem, remarks on its cul'.ure aud uses,
284.

Asclepias Syriaca, notices of, 114.

Ashes, as manure, remarks oil, 5 ; for cleaning brasses,
spoons, &e.,24; on sowing with 2:3'paUin,'284 ; on
" using with pilaster, 340 ; mixed with salt for cattle and
sheep, 374.

Asparagus, on forcing, 5; remarkably large, raised by
S. Pond, 390.

Auburn. Mount, Cemctry, Report of a Committee on, 89.

August, thoughts and diri-ctioiis for, 34.

Axes, on the luaiiuliicture of, by Messrs Hunt& Co., 274.

B, his directions lijr raising three crops from one ))luugh-
ing, ti5 ; ins remarks on ihe exhibition (ji Frui's and
Flowers, by the Mass. lloriicultural Society, 70.

Barn-yard and liog-peii, cidMintages of uniting, 409.

Bachelor of fortyhve, the duty ol', 72.

Bacon, preserved by charcoal, 307.

Bakers, Notts Patent, 164.

Baldness, how supposed to be prevented, 212.
Banking up houses, tVc , how performed, 142.

Barley, William C.ir'.er s premuini crop of, 282.
Barnuni, A. VV., nolici; of Ins extraordinary crop of
potatoes, 204 ; his remarks on potatoes, 2-12; his mode
of cnliivaiing potatoes, 329.
Bartleit, Levi, his method of guarding against insects,

3.'>0.
B. C, his remarks on raising slock, 345.

Bed steads, improvement in, 162.

Beef and liam, a receipt for curing, 403.

Bee-hive, an improved, 211, 323.

Bee-houses, Mr Walker's remarks on llie construction
of 337.

Beer, small, a receipt for making, 60.

Bees, a plan suggested to prevent the swarming of, 28 ;
preserved through winter in a cellar, 77; in a flour
barrel, produce from, 142 ; queries concerning, by Mi;
McNeil, 190; remarks on a parasite that infests, by

. Dr Harris, 233 ; how managed by Col. Gilinan,245;
qiiere relative to keeping in a garret, 246 ; remarks on,
261 ; sliould bo kepi at work, 209 ; on providing pas-
turage for, 361 ; on houses for, 378.

Beet, great amount of sugar made from in France, 211.

Bene Plant, remarks on its properties, uses, &c., 194;
remarks on by Ur 'I'hacher, 221.

Birds, vvanton destruction of condemned, 333, 377.

Blasting rocks, safe method of, 96, 211,

Dlydenburgh, Mr, his address at the annual meeting of
the Rensellaer County Agricultural Society, 249, 260.

Board fence, a new mode of constructing, 211.

Bog fence, directions for making, 150.

Bone manure, great demand for in New York, 33; ex-
periments on, 312. 412.

Bone and plaster mill, quere concerning, 121, 139.

Book farming, advantages of, 349.

Boston Market, remarks on, 106.

B. P., his notice of a visit lo John Randolph's estate, 356.

Bread should be ripe before ealen, 104 ; how preserved
moist, 147 ; how to make cheap, light and wholesome,
163; old bread made new by being steamed, 180;
hov/ mide of pumpkin, 212; an improvement on
steaming, 248.

Breck, Jos., his remarks and queries relative to its being
colder in vallies than on hills, 210.

Borocole, purjjie, remarks on propagating, 36, 53.

Broom-corn, notices of;" 8'.i, 90.

Buel, J., his remarks on the Wheat worm, 60; on bees,
60 ; a visit to his farm, 125 ; extract from his letter to
the Secretary of the Hamp-hire, Franklin, and Hamp-
den Agricultural Society, 148.

Building, economy in, 286; tiles recommended for, 286.

Burning earth for manure, 214.

Burns, cures for, 66, 85, 212.

Butter, a method of curing, 81 ; seasoned with brown
sugar and saltpetre, .35; how to make with liltle
churning, 129; Premium awarded for, by the Mass.
Agricultural Society, 202; Mr Chamberlain's letter on
making, 206; Mr W. .Mien's remarks on making late
in the fill. 210 ; made in cold weather by T. Whit-
marsli, 222; on the use of carrots Pir making, 273;
how made of . I finr! flavor, 283 ; on curing, 307; re-
quisites for producing, 316.

Cabbages, club foot in, remedy for. 109.

Cabbages, remarkably large, 119, 134.

Cabbage tree of Lapland, 170.

Calculation, sober, on the expenses of young men, 100.

Caledonia, <m the advantages of top dressing mowing
land, 41.

Calf, fine heifer, J.53; a large, 237.

Calves, on weaning. 21 ; on the management of, 221 ;
and Lamlis on fallening. 226 ; on raisins, by S. Look,
237; by Thomas MidfonI, 341.

Canada Thistles, how destroyed, 17, 133; not easily
destroyed by |ilon:;hing, 44; extirpated by mowing
every nionth during summer, 284.

Cancer, a substance said to t)e a cure for, 108.

Candlei)erry Mvrile, a remedy ag:iinst the depredations
of the. weevil, 2if.

Canker worms, a inixture to guard against, 67; and an-
other answering the same purpose, 67; a remedy
against. 347. ^

Carrajein, or Irish Mnss, notices of, CI.

Ca.bonic acid gas, bad elleets of, 208.

Carpeting, Norwalk, notices of, 373.

Carrots, young, on s'l'curing a siijiply of throughout the
year, 53 : worms in [irevented liy Pigi-on's Dung. 122 ;
large, notice of, J 42 ; use of in making btuicr, 273.

Carter, William, his premium crop of potatoes and

barley, 2s2.
C.itlle, remarks (m the breed of, 5, 76 ; Ohio Company
for importing, 13; f'ood fitr, how obtained from Indian
corn in Ohio, 21 ; remedy for u wen in, 2J ; imported

into Ohio, 58 ; on mixing and boiling food for, 58;
imported for Genesee County, 76 ; lioven in, remedy
for, 98; native belonging to Mr R. Haskins, 100; cure
for wails in, 101 ; remarks on improving the breed of,
108, 121 ; cutting fiidder for, &c. 1.50; store, keep for,
150; causes of degeneration in, 253; on salting Sfc.
277 ; successful management of by small f umers, 356 ;
suftering condition of in Maine, 377; food for in severe
winters, 6, 379; lice killed or driven from by tar,
381 ; on soiling, 382; winter food for, 1,58, 1H2 ; lo
destroy vermin on, 202; on raising, by S. Look, 237.

Cattle show, Middlesex, arrangements for, 73; pro-
ceedings at, 116; toasts drank at, 117; of tlie Mass.
Society for promoting Agriculture, premium list, 73;
of Kennebec County, Me ,100; of Worcester County,
115; ploughing mauli lor, 115; toasts drank at, 115;
see further Agricultural Society at Canton, 131; of
Pawtucket, 236.

C. D. his remedy for a wen in black cattle, 29.

Celery, new mode of cultivating by Charles Vaughan,
34.

Collars, how prevented from freezing, 142.

Cenielry Committee of Mount Auburn, report of, 89.

Clialk, "discovered by Col. Dodge, 347.

Chamberlain, Luther, on making good butler. 206.

Chair, a rustic, exhibited by the Horticultural Society,
83.

Chandler, Daniel, his remarks on raising Indian corn
291, '326,

Charcoal, its use in purifying theatres of dissection, &.e.
37; its use in restoring tainted beef, 42; its use in
preserving vessels, 155 , cheap mode of manufacturing,
219; a man ami his wife sufi'oeated by, 237.

Cheese, inoculating, 84 ; see dairy, a very large, 315;
how made by C Vaughan, Esq., 340.

Cheese press, cut and desrriplion of, 1.

Chemistry, wonders of, 230.

Chickens, gapes in, remedy for, 45.

Cliinineys, how built that they will not smoke, 205.

Cliinese Mulberry, see Mulberry.

Chloride of Soda, remarks on its purifying powers, 37 ;
of lime, its use in agriculture, 109.

Chinese customs, 256.

Cholera attacks no one who abstains totally from aleo-
liidic drink, 46 ; sweet oil recommended fir, 258.

Clagget, William, his remarks on William Laigbton'a
Threshing Machine, 290.

Clark, William, jun. his cultivation of clover with corn,
137 ; on the culiure of corn, 346.

Clay, how burnt for mnnure, &c.

Climate of the United Slates, remarks on, by the Editor,
238. . .

Clizbe, Ira, recommends a cure for Poll Evil in a
horse, 253.

Chilhes line, how extended, ^-c. 403.

Clover sowed among cmii, 1, 137; sowed on small grain
with profit, 237 ; remarks on sowing, SfC. 308.

Clover li ly, oiuni. iking into cocks, 377.

Coal an inuredi. nt iii ilie fo.id of vegetables, 164 ; min-
eral, on the dilii'ieiil kinds of, 194

Coal trade in Pcnnsvlviiiia, 357.

Cobb, J. H., on haiching and managing silk worms,
370.

Cobs and corn ground together, advantages of, 110.

Coeoor.s, how pieparerl lor sale, 410.

Cockroaches, recipe f .r destro) iiig, 67, 78.

CoHin, Hector, bis not.ce and cultivation of an early
sort of corn, 282,

Cold weaiher, extreme,' notices of, 210, 2-22, 230, 240,
254. . .

Cullamoro, Anthimv ol, his dLssertatmn on rotation 0»
crojis &e, 217, 2i5, 235, 244.

Coleman, C, his remeily for ticks in sheep, 113.
Colleges for manual lalmr, mitices of, 42.

Colman, Henry, on feeding and f'.itlening swine, 40.

Com|iosl, rein.irk< on makin !, 2J, 21,

Coloring, remarks on from Transaj-iions of Essex Agri

cultural tbocieiy, 348, 364, 372, 380.
Comp.iss, a temporary, how made at sea, 105.

Conipo.Mi , which will harden like stone, discovered

by Mr Park, r, 2.'i3.
Compost, bow madi^, 365 ^ *

Coiianl. John, on <-nllivating swamp land, 300.
Conch divers of the Bahamas, 171.

IV

INDEX

Copper in vegetables, 8 ; springs impregniited with in

Ireland, 21 ; sugar an iiiitidcitc to llie puison of, 141).
Ccipying nKM-liinus, siibslitute for, 37.
Corbus, YerUf, his receipt for uiuking pumpkin apple

tiauee, 14(i.
Corn and coil's, ground togetlier, u.ses of,. 11, 110.
Corn, green, should bi' boiled with its hnslis, 43; liow

to li.ive it in winler, 73; .■Si-e Indian corn.
Corn huskings in the Soutllern States, 'M.
Corn busks lor hcds, 0!).

Corn-aheller, patent, ent and deseriplion of, CT
Corn-stalk fodder, how to make the most oi, 05, SI, 91.
Corns, recipe for, 120.
Cotton gin, patent for improvement in, 24.'?.
Covering ior ilc)nses, by Q in a corner, 75.
Caws, a good food for, 142; stables or bouses for, 146;

an cstraordinary one, 158 ; on the management of

wliou kept for the d.iiry, 100 ; a profitable one, 207.
Cow cabbage, on its failure, 14.
Cow tree, notice of, 83.
Cradling grain, remarks on, 22.
Cream, how raised by beat, 35.
Crops, notices of, .^7j.
Cucumbers, on the culture of, GG; Itirge, 62, 110, 126,

131 ; indis{)ensable use of, 123.
Cultivator, his remarks in reply to a Dorchester Farmer,

14.
Currant, notice of different varieties of, by E. S.. 17; on

the culluri' of, Irf.
Curtis, Aaron, great yield raised bv, 171. ■
Cnsliinan, Henry C. large steer raised by, 253.
Dairy, profit of compaied with that ol laltening animals,

57; on the management of cows kept for, 190; re-
marks on in a work translated fnjm the French, 1"3.

201,20:), 320, 211, 257, 273, 2ol-, 30y, 32i; remarks

on slock intruded for, 2!)2.
Dairy firm of Mr Mills, visit to, 44.
Dairy Ilushandry of Holland, Co.
Dairy maiiagemeiit, hints relative lo, 390.
Dairy .secret, tj7. '

Dandelion, large, cvliibited by Mr I'iorcn, 3S3.
Date Palm tree, eullivalcd in Georgia, 146.
Deafness, owing to inattention, 192.
Dearborn, Gen. /I. A. S., bis letter to Z Couk,Jr. 171.
Debt and credit, system of condemned, 40.
Deer and rattle snake, combats between, 10.
Delavan, Hcjjiry W. en the relative pleasure and profit

ol agriculture, 12.
Disease of plants, remarks on, 98.
Diving api)aral:js, a new, remarks on, 20.
Dinon, Joseph, bis remedy against canker worms, 347.
D. K. G., on the destruction of ticks on sheep, 2.
Dogs, a useful, H3; mischief done by, S4 : number of in

the United Stales, 97 ; cne that acted'the part of a

life preserver, 152.
Doric Fire place, notices of, 128.
Draining, observations on, 37.
Drains and sewers to populous towns, 102.
I Dry rot, limber preserved again.<t, 37, Irili.
Ducks and Turkies, on riusing, 194.
Duels, measures to prevent, taken at New Orleans, 103.
Dnraat, his remarks on estimating great heights, 14S.
Ear, on extracting substances from, 3.
Kasi lioston, notices of im|iroveinenlB in &c., 118; cel-

ebiaiion in, 3/4.
F.eli|)se, lliu great of Nov. 30, 1834, remarks on, 171.
I'-conumy, sometimes connected with e.tpcnsp.., 103.
Education among the Knglish operatives, 142.
Klderberry syrup, a recipe for, liO.
Elephants, breakfasting on apples, 109.
Elm, slippery flour of ami uses of, 307.
Emotions of the mind have an cfl'uet on tlia slomach,

149.
K. a., on different varieties of the vutralil, 17.
Evans, Win, on the wheal fly, G()!
Evils, which may be remedied, 84.
Experimenls in agricnlluro proposed, 229.
Eyes, remedies lor preserving. »itc., 212, 243.
F., ilia remarks on the season, 379; on exterminating

the sweet flag, 379.
Factory conlaining si.t acres, 315.
Fculs, inleresliiig, from a work called Knowledge (or

the People, 81.

iir, an exhibition of produelions to be held in France,

43.
Farm buildings, remarks on, 147.
Fanner C, his remarks on hor; pens, 179.
Farmer, things be should not do, 3(^id.
Farmers' work in August. 30; in l\ovembpr, 142, 150;

for December, 174, 182 ; for April, 302, 310, 318, 326 ;

for M,iy, 331, 342 ; lor June, 374.
Farmer's Family, 336.

Farmer's road to wealth, remarks on, 38.

Farmers advised not to raise corn for distillers, 54 ; bints
addressed to, 301, 341, 410, 414.

Farmer, the, Independence of, &c. 312; of New Eng-
land, 'S"S.

Farmer and Gardener, his directions for destroying in-
secls. which infest trees, 85.

Farming, remarks on, 333 ; English, observations on, 412.

Fashion, remarks o.n, 1.54.

Feather beds, the use of condemnei, 219.

Feet, wet and cold, cin umstances in which they are
most injurious to hcallli, 120.

Female beauty and ornaments. 272.

Fences, on building of stone, 284 ; of rails, 317. .

Fence posts, means of making more durable, 355,

Fern and otiier plants, on growing in glass cases, 188.

Fessenden's Practical Fanner and Silk Manual, 559.

Field, Roswell, on making maple sugar, 385.

Figs, raised on Long Island, 82.

Fires, destructive, causes of, 105.

Fish, hatched under fowls, 121.

Flannel Factory in Rochester, N. H. 98.

Flax seed, boiled for cattle receommended, 219.

Fleeces, large, '37, 402.

Flogging in Ciiina, 136.

Flour injured by being kiln-dried, 212.

Flower, George, on sheep in Illinois, 252.

l''iowt:rs, an easy way to preserve, 3; on arranging t!ie
color of, 265.

Flower seeds, an improved method of sowing, .by H.
Williams, 17; by Joseph Harrison, 109; the beauties
of, &:e., 368.

Flying, folly of man's attempting, 120.

F( iider from Indian corn, management of fodder from,
33,412; cuttmg for cattle, ^'c. 150.

Forest Trees, time for planting the seeds of C7. report
no from ftlass. Agr. Soc. 270.

Fothergill, anecdote of, 152.

Fruit, on gathering and preserving, 155.

Fruit Ladder, a cheap and useful, how constructed, 94.

Fruit trees, on plastering, 77; on white washing of, 98;
flow packed for exportation, 153 ; bow saved when
injured by mice, 212, 308 ; a wash for, 358.

Fuel, economy of, 69.

Gania grass, notice of, 6; methods of causing it. to
sprout, 14, 19, 38.

Garden vegetables, advantages in sowing of in autumn,
110.

Gardener's work for July and August, ] ; for September
and October, 83 ; for Mjiy, 339.

Garden school, by Lady Byron, 171.

Garnier, Kev. Thomas, notices of his garden, 125.

Gas, destructive effects of, 172; ex[ilosion of, 187.

Geese, cruelty of plucking alive, 104 : German, notices
of, 112; remarks on raising, 251.

Geological treat, 108.

Geology, utility of a knowledge of, 61, 207; remarks
on, 323.

Gold in North Carolina, 147.

Gooseberry three inches in circumferGnce, 46.

Gourgas, J. M., on using ides in building, 286.

Grafting, or inoculating fruit trees, remarks on, 45.

Grain, tlie proper time cutting, 28, 114; on raising on
light .soils, 138.

Grapes, vines, how cultivated in pots, 4 ; benefitted by
watering, 13 ; native especially the Catawba recom-
nn:;nded, 13; preserved in saw dust, 54^ how preserv-
ed on the vines, 57 ; cultivating in jiots, by the coilii, -

system, 92 ; a mode oj parking, 102 ; to preserve fiir
winter's use onjthe vine, 102 ; euliivated in Maine by
James BIcArthur, Esq., 114; The Isabella, remarks
on by Dr Thalchcr, 139.

Grass lands, Mr JU. Alien's statement on laying down,
157.

Grass seeds, on sowing, 43

Grasses, rtimarks on by John Haro Pnwel, 93.

Gray, Hon. John C, his Address lo the Muss. Hor. Soc.

161.

Green House, building in Watertown, C9.

Green, K. his remarks on the dilference of temjieratiire
between liills and ^aSley.s, 318.

Green Mouiilainecr, to ihe Farmers of Vermont, 128.

Grub, destroyed by salt, 171;

Gum elastic, uses to which applied, 2'29.

Gunpowder, its force of explosion, ^'C. 11.

Gypsum, remarks on the ojieralion of, 187; on its origin
and progress, 275 ; on sowing ashes with, 284.

M., his leinarks on improving stock, 108.

Habits, had, on the cost of, 18.

Hale, Mr James, his dissertation on making and apply-
ing matsure, 169.

Harris, T. W., his remarks on the parasite of the honey
bee, 233.

Harvest home, celebrated in Pennsylvania, 36.

Harvesting grain, the proper time for, 28.

Hats, manufactured by steam, 98.

Hay, how measured in the stack, 299.

Haymaking, remarks on, 18, 406.

H. C, bis remarks on the establishment of the Shakers
in Pittsfield, 10 ; on the produce of a small farm, 283 ;
on stock intended for the dairy, 292; remarks on his
articles, pursuits. Sac. '389.

Heat, influence of color on &c. 155; of the earth, M.
Cordier's observations on, 351.

Herbs, for medical purposes, on saving and drying, 23.

High ways, remarks on by Victor, 28.

Hints to housewives, 21.

Hog-pens, remarks on by Farmer C, 179. ^

Hogs, a new method of scalding, 189 ; habits of, 2&f^
347 ; great numbers driven from Kentucky, 243.

Hops, remarks on, 112, 134 ; profits in raising, 125;
cultivaticm of in Maine, 146; profits of raising, 155.

Hopkins, Samuel JVI. his letter on silk cullure, .381.

Horse, killedby a bear, 34 j remarks on the sight of, 108 ;
poll evil in, cured by poison ivy, 253.

Horses, cruelty to condemned, 3-1 ; worms in prevented
or dcstri'iyed by salt, 17 ; for bolls in horses, 21,. 59;
advantage in feeding on turnips, 37 ; improving the
breed ol^ recommended, 141 ; killed by giving water
while heated, 317 ; remarks on the several breeds of.
331.

Horse shoe nails, patent, notice of, 1.58.

Horticultural exhibition, notices of, 67, 86flOG ; at Brad-
ford, iMass , 102 ; at Newburyport, 124.

Horticultural Register, &c. notices of, 182.

Horticultural Society, Mass., proceedings of, 3, 11, 19,
27, 36, 43, 54, 59, 67,78, 76, 91 , 99, 106, 118; 123, 131,
158,166,174, 191,198,207,222. 238, 278,294, 302,
318,334, 350, 366,374, 382, 390, 406,414; notices
of their annual exhibition, 106; Report of a commit-
tee of on Flowers, 106, 138.

Hot springs of the Arkansas, notices of, 34.

Hot water, use of in heating, 171.

Houses, quere concerning t'ne construction of, 145 ;
remarks on the location and construction of, 246, 278.

Howard, Sanford, on an improved breed of cattle, 76.

Humming-bird, notices of, 120.

H^'drophobia, remarkable instance of, 254 ; said to be
cured by tobacco, 275.

Ice-house, on the construction of, 170 ; description of
Col iVIetcalf's ice-house, 353.

Jingo tree, remarks on its removal, 350.

Imagination, observations on, 112.

Implements, farm, evils of borrowing and lending, 84 :
of agriculture, on the caie of, 94 ; remarks on by a
committee of the Essex Agr. Soc. 3.58.

Incombustible wash and stucco white wash, recipe for,
220.

India, remaiks on the fruit of, 165.

India rubber cirpets, remarks on their introduction, 5 ;
India rubbct bathing-tubs manufactured in Roxbury,
62 ; manufaetured into coffins, 347 ; Boston and Lynn
Company for manufacturing, 329.

Indian corn, tarieties of presented by Dr V/hitredgc,
C , on the ihanagemcnt of fodder from, 33 : experi-
ments in topping, CO: on selecting for seed, 62;
small, 20 : trop of in Blaryl.ind, 75 ; case of growing
on shrub oalis, 82 : remedies for weevil in, 126: an
early sort to precede a wheat crop, 18^^, 285 : remarks
on growing by Diiniel Chandler, 2'.l1 : queries on the
culture of, by Zacheus Frasiklin, 305: Mr Chandler
on cultivating, 326 : on raising for fodder, 406.

Indigo, African of a quality superior to that of the East
Indies, 142: a substitute for, 172.

Industry, effects of as exemplified in Mr Cope's fiirm
in Norfolk, England, 17

Influenza, a recipe for, 211.

Inquirer, an, wishes to know a remedy for spring hall
in horses, 347.
-Llnseets, on sounds made, 9 : destroyc(' by Chamomile
floVv'ers, 30 : how deslrov<'d on fruit trees, 8-5 : extra-
ordinary appearance of, 1C4: odoriferous substances
offcnsivo lo, 2;!0 : destroyed by spirits of turpentine.
332 : infesting pear trees, 345 : methods of guarding
against, 3.50.

Instinct of plants, 212.

Inlemperancp. decline of, 156.

Irrigation, 326, 341.

Itch insect, remarks on, 167.

Ives, John M. his notices of the .\utumna] Marrow
Squash, 121. .

Jacknife, my first, 88,

INDEX.

James, Edwin, his mode of drying unripe oorn, 348.

J. B., Iiis rcmarlis on tlif |iroduce of thirty-six and a
half acres of land, 2I-J : on bird killing, 377.

Jewett's Chemical water proof, 172.

Jingo tree, removal of 350.

J. M P. on raising- grain on light soil, 138.

July. retn.ark!i on the .season of. 3.

Jnnkel, a preparation of milk, how made, 43.

Keith. William, his remarks on the difference of tem-
perature between hills and valleys in cold weather,
230, 242.

ICenrick, William, his notice of new modes of manu-
facturing a.ves, 274.

Knitting machine, notice of, 318.

Knowledge for the People, e.Ttracts from, 81 : useful on
the collection and diffusion of, 195 ; progress of, 4HJ.

Kreosot, or flesh preserver, a substance so calltd, lately
discovered, 109.

L. on the management of o,-5-teams, 405.

Labelling planis, a new method of, 174.

Ladies, riddress to by i\lr^ Sigourney, 43: their duly to
be cheerful, 202.

La Fayetle's Grave, notices of, 80.

Lambs, directions on raising, 275, 285 : how preserved
from vermin, 310.

Land, remarks on the improvement of, 103,

Lathrop, Hon. Samuel, his observations on early corn
and wheat, 135 : his address before the Hampshire,
Hampden and Franklin Agricultural Society, 2S'J,

Leather machine, 155.

Leaves of trees, withered without falling should be
removed, 102 ; for Utter, manure, &c., 142.

Legare, John D., Kditor of the Southern Agriculturist,
his farewell Address, 201.

Leonard, James, his communication respecting mulber-
ry trees, Ijuccrne, &.c. 401.

Lettuce, early, notice of, 307.

Life, prolonged by civilization, 180.

Life-boat, notice of, 57.

J-ife-preservcr, 142 : a dog acting the part of, 152.

Lightning conduetors, hov/ put up, 6 : person struck
by recovered by cold water, 37.

Lima bean, a subsiitute for prepared by Wm. Prince and
Sons, 251.

Lime, &c. for corn, 300 : on the fertilizintr properties
of, 240, 354.

Liquid manure, use of recommended, 402.

Loan, notice of a, 40.

Locusts, a|jpe:nance of in German town, 170 : in West-
field and Northampton, 402.

Log-house, a New England, 328.

Longevity, instances of, 90, 119, 142, 192.

Love's Gifts, 1(50.

Lowell, J. on Gama grass, 38: his letter to Com. of
Mass. Hor^ Sue. on Fruits, 120 : his remarks on
lucerne, 401.

Lucerne, James Leonard's queries and editorial remarks
on, 401..

M., on agriculture, and its advantages, 20G.

M r-liines for washing, improvement in, 29 : foremrav-
r, 133; for slicing turnips, 142: for culling hemp,
■ 'r-i; for cutting she leather into vamps, 155: for
thres^iing, 2!*0 : for hammering stone, 323.

Madder, on the cultivation of, 309.

Jlalaria, in Ital)', causes of, 164.

Man, remarks on his v.'arlilie disposition, 157.

]>I angel Wurtzel, on its cultivation and uses, 137.

Mauufactured articles in schools, 15-5.

M->:iures, marine, on the use of, 25; on ths use of
I'ds for, 30 : in pastures, how managed, 78 : e.-spe-
:ients with by Arthur Young, 84 : value of green
v.>g^tables for, 137: applied to grass ground, 141:
.Mr Hale's dissertation on making and applying, lO:
(in the use of swamp muck for, 242 : from vegetables,
value of, 315 : on tile waste of,' 2(50 : remarks^on, 342,

Maple Sugar, remarks on making &c., 385.

Marking sticks for gardeners, how made, 20.
' Marie, discovered in Maryland, G5: how to ascertain
< the value of, 212.

i'March of improvement, as manifested in a gastronomic
omnibus, t)5. " °

Mashannock Potatoes, notices of. 173. -

M:ithematics, observations on, 112.

Ma.xiius by Goethe, 1.54 : for wives, IGO: for husbands,
100: for cultivators, 171 : fir getting rich, 344: to
make a sober man a drunkard, 344,

Meadows, on watering, 43.

J: -.ns, John, on cultivating the grape vine in pots by
coiling system, 92.

; are most wholesome when the animal has arrived
.L laaturity, 26 J.

Mechanical power, a new, 85.

Medicus, remarks of on ripe bread, 101.

Melons, a large, 82 : ripening of hastened by pounded
charcoal, 205.

Memory, observations on, 112.

M. P., his remarks on soiling with Merino sheep, 409.

Merino sheep, soiling with, 409.

Meteorological stone, 142.

Mice, how destroyed, 2.

Microscope, Hydro-o.xygene, ludicrous scene at the
exhibition of, 248.

Midford, Thomas, on making pork with apple pomace,
&c. 251.

Milk, supposed to be poisoned by the cows feeding on
decayed vegetables, 271 .

Milk-house of Col. M'Alister, how constructed, 403.

Milkweed, cultme and uses of, 373.

Mills, Mr David S., notices of a visit to his dairy farm,
44.

Mineralogy in Plancock County, Me., 145.

Moles caught in the necks of broken bottles, 43.

Moon, the influence on timber &c., 337, 305.

Mosely, Mr, his address to the Essex Agricultural So-
ciety, 313, '321.

Moss, live, uses of in draining pots, 170.

Mount Auburn, Cemetery Committee of, their report.
89.

Mountain scenery, sublimity of, 253.

Mowing ground, on tiie management of, 39 : top dres-
sing of, 41.

Mulberry, While, shade of not injurious to vcsretation,
10 : Cliincse, facility of increasing, .57, 62, 133, 153 :
successfully cultivated in Northampton, 65, 83, 301 :
premium awarded for, and facts relating to, 153, 401,
405.

Mushroom, on the culture of, 20.

Musket, apt to burst if the wadding is not rammed
close to the powder, 37.

N., on preserving pe.-ich trees against the worm, 201.

Nantucket, notice of the products of, IGl.

Natural History, importance of minute observations in,
25.

N. B., on the Canada Thistle, and the Morus Mulli-
caulis, 133.

Newton, Willoughby, on the use of marine manures,
25.

New York, notires of, 283.

Nothing destroyed, 104.

Notes by the way, 409.

Nott's Staves, legal decision in favor of, 14.

Nurseries in the neighborhood of Boston, notices of, 114.

Nutmegs, economical use of, 251.

Oo-den, Mr, on grinding corn and cobs together, 11.

Oiling locks, door latches, &c. recommended, 1.

Onions, on the culture of, 5 : an antidote for poison,
109 : dung from liens recommended for, 253.

Ontario, on the management of light soils, 33 : on evils
■which may be remedied, 84.

Opi.-ites, danger of giving to children. 8.

Opium trade, 333.

Orchards, on the tillage of, 9: and gardens, .abstract
from the statute for preventing trespasses on, 29 :
situated around farm houses, 181 : pru'ning of, 348 :
setting out on rocky firms, 365.

Order, remarks on the want of, 18.

Ornamental Tree Society of Concord, notice of, 114.

Osier willow, cultivation of advised, 355.

Otter and musk rat, domesticated, 150

Ovicide, or sheep-slaughter, notice of, 172.

Oxalis Crenala, successful culture of in England, 157.

Ox-carts, on the construction of, 213.

Oxen, larp-e, notice of, 294, 299 : working, remarks on,
332, 405.

Oxy-hydrbgen gas telegraplis, notice of, 149.

Paint, a cheap and durable, 109.

Painting houses, best performed in autumn, 1C2.

Palmleaf hats, on the manufacture of, 354.

Paper mill at Kewton, notice of its beautiful mac.hiaery,
332.

Parker, Thomas, on corn huskings, 90.

Parmesan Cheese, how made in Itaily, 403.

Parsnips, on tiie cii'tivation of, lOo.

Pastures, old and new compared, 12 : shade necessary

for, 43.
Patterson. William, on preventing dry rot in timber by
s.alt, ISO.

Peaches, notices of large, 114.

Fear, Seckel, origin ol the name c", 101 ; remarkably
large, 133.

Pear-tree, set out on 8at stones, IGG : an insect infest-
ing, 340..

Pepper, remarks on the culture of, 411.

Pcrrine, H., his remarks on vegetable econo:ny, 188.

Perry, Gardner B., Ijis remarks on the us.; of swamp
muck for manure, 242

Perseverance, importance of, 19.

Physician, use of, 194.

Pie plant, on the cultivation of, 2.

Pigeon Carrier, antiquity of, &c. 157.

Piles, recipe for, 139.

Planter, a, on boiling food for cattle, 58 : on improve-
ment of soil, 1.54.

Plants, some depend on the soil, some on the atmos-
phere, and some will grow on animals, 141: on
packing for. exportation, 153 : Plants, if in rows,
should tend north and so-ath,.315.

Ploughing in the fall recommended, 78.

Ploughing-match in Rhode Island, 37.

Ploughman, on the best time for rolling whi-at, 133.

Ploughs, remarks on the difference in, 121 .

Plooghsliare, self-sharpening, 170

Poetry. O ve hours, 8 : Stranger, by Rev. W. O. IVa-
body,8: New England, by J. G. Whittier, 16: To
my wife, 24 : the H^irvest Home, 32 : Hymn by Mrs
Sigourney for a Temperance Anniversary, 40 : the
wandering wind, 56 : the huckleberry frolic, 04 : to
Juliet, 64 : on La Fayette, 72 : Temptation, 60 : The
Swedish girl, 96 : Lines on the Falls of Niagar,'?, by
Lydia H. Sigourney, 104 ; Tit for Tat, 104 :"t,ove'a
delicate flower, 112 : To a Lady gardening. 120: t)n
October, 128: Agricultural Hymn, 136: The winter
king, by Miss Gould, 144 : Degree of drunkenness,
152 : Death of Coleridge, 160 :' The tree-toad, U;-> :
Lines written in a Common Place book, 176: E;^}-
gram, 176 : on the visible glories of t!ie Creator, by
the Sheffield Brazier, 184 : The History of Lil-j, liy
Barry Cornwall, 192: New Year's Address of t!ie
Carrier, 200: Rural Pleasures. 20S : The iMewsp:ipe:,
21G : to my wife, 234 : The Nosegay. 224 : Apovlro-
phe to Truth, 240 : The Snow, 248:' Female Fai'.k,
256 : the Morning Star, 264 : The Silk worm's v.iil.
272 : Winter, 280 : The Poor Man, 29G : The Mother,
312: The ring, 320: Return of Spring, 328 : Spri.ig,
336 : on believing in dreams, 352 : The dead father,
l^iiS : There's music in a mother's voice, '376 : Death
of a Pious YoungMan, 392 : The Child's co-jbl, 40.-) :
The land of rest, 416 : Tlie horrors of War, 416.

Pond, S., notice of large asparagus raised by, 390.

Pork made with apple pomace, &c. 251.

Pork and Beef, directions relative to the inspection of,
249.

Pork Market at Cincinnati, 216.

Posts, sills &c,, on the preservation of by salt, 386.

Potash for manure, quere concerning, 2.51.

Potatoes, preservation of, 14 : should not be hilled up
in dry weather, 33; Capt. Matthews' new variety of,
37; how to produce a variety of for seed, 5:!; gath-
ering and preserving of, 78 ; apparatus for steaming.
100 ; effects of planting at various deptiis, 137 ; cul-
tivating in England, 137; sets of should not be cut.
long before planting, 137, 139 ; expeiiments on the
culture of, 146 ; make excellent food for sheep, 153 ;
directions for steaming, 173 ; a new soit called the
Mashanneck potato, notices of, 173 ; on cnltivatinp
in such a m.-.nner as to prevent the curl, 173; new
varieties received from i\!r George P. Thomas, 182 :
notice of Mr Barnum's extraordinary crop of, 201 ;
remarks on by Mr Barnum, 242; crop raised in
Maine, 245; cooking of, 251; have two distinct
qualities or means of vegel-ation, 252; best manner
of cooking, 251 ; William Carter's prcmiimi crop of,
262; easy and cheap method of rais.ng, 310; how lo
niise early, 310 ; PJr Barnum's mode of cultivating,
329; leaves recom.mended as manure for, 332; uses
of, 353; cut, rot on dung, 3-57 ; spreading straw on
after hoeing recommended, 402 ; how pre3:;rved over
the year, 404.

Potato-hoe, its use recommended, 43.

Potatoes, sweet, how preserved, 121.

Foi.ito vines should not be thrown into a cow yard
v/hcre there is standing water, because they render .
it poisonous to cows, 43.

Poultry-. re:nedy for gapes in, 45.

Powel, J. Hare, his remarks on grasses, 93.

Prescott, C. R., his le.ter to Z. Cook, Jr. Esq. Prrs.
Siass. Hor. Soc. 334.

Princes' garden .at Flushing, notices of, 10.

Prince, \V'm. & Sons, proposes su'ostitute tor the Liiaa
Bean; vegetables grown by, 286.

Produce from an acre, great amount of, 211

Pruning orchards, remarks on, 348.

Public Good, on Silk eo.-npanies, 382.

Pumpkin Apple Sauce, remarks, recipe for making, 14C

VI

INDEX

Famiikin vines, remarkably fertile, ]!4; largp, grown
in Nantucl;i;t, 141 ; Siaini'se pumpkins, notice of,
14^; remarUa on raisins, 181,

Panciuality, importance and remarkable instance of, 40.

Qjjebec, Agricullural Ivcpcit tor, !)1.

J"R<l!ation 'I'errestrial, remarks on, 18r>.

Uail roads l">ir transporting cattle to niaikct, queic con-
cerning, 374.

Rainy days, employment for, 15fi.

E-am, a lai ;i;e, iniporled by J. Bmney, Esq , 37

Uandolpli's, Julin, estate, visit to, ;joli.

Kalio, on mice injuring nursery plairs, 2.

Kals i»n treating with grog, 11; biting infants. 23;
leme'di 's against (it), 94 ; white, notices of, iO'J.

Ratile snake, the bite of, how cured, 40.

Hecijics, to prevent mice I'roiii injiu'ing nursery plants,
2; for destroying ticks in sheep, 2, 113 ; for e."itract-
ino' foreign substances i',tn\\ the ear, 3; for destroying
the turnip-fly, 4 ; for destroying rat^ with grog, 11 ;
for poison by ivy, 11 ; (or poison by dogwood, 11 ;
to boil peas or beans, 11 ; to keep plums'and peaches
sweet through the year, 12; for the preservation of
skins, 11; to remove a hard coating or crust from
glass or porcelain vessels, 1 1 ; to restore tlie growth
of hair, 11; how to make enamel, 11; for making
jfun-metal, 11 ; for tru\king soda water, 11; for mak-
ing small beer, 21 ; to keep off, or drive away
bud bugs, 21 ; cheap anti Jotes for poison, 21 ; to make
mortar fur buildings, 21 ; to stop bleeding, 21 ; fir
flesh cuts, 21 ; for a cooling ointment, 21 ; for hi'ad
iu:be, 21 ; for njaking ve.il olives, 21 ; for cooking
calf's liver, 21 ; for keeping cider for years, 21 ; for
\7en in cattle. 20; for slioe blacl'.ing, 37 ; for preserv-
fiig apples, 37; to slop bleediii;^ from a Irech-bite, 37;
remedies against the ravages of the Hessian fly, 37;
for restoring tainted beef, 42: to make jelly from
apples, ^3; to make yeast l'>r summer use, 43; for
making a preparaiion of milk called Junket, 43; to
make a minute pudding, 43; to making currant jelly,
43; for the gapes in chickens, 4.'> ; to preserve grapes.
64; to clean white saiin, 04 ; for a solvent for lndi:i
Rubber, 55 ; for making dry ye.ast, 57 ; for botts or
grubs in horses, 59 ; for preset ving vines from bugs.
Si ; to make a ro.fe color, (iO ; to make a slate color,
»nd a purple color, 00 ; for making oil soap. 00 ; for
a burn, 00,85; lor elderberry syrup, 00; lor ticks
and other vermin which infest slieep, 07 ; to guard
ac.iinst the canker worm, 09 ; to destroy cockroaches,
t/, 7d; to cuie a dysentery, 57: for making small
beer. Oil; for killing eockro.<ches, 78; to make toma-
to kelehnp. 78 ; for making and using chlorine gas,
&4 ; for preserving tomatoes, 90 ; for])reserving hams,
S4 ; fur dysentery, 94 ; for cholera morbus' 94 ; for
preserving cln'cse from worms and mites, 94; for
knven iu cattle, 98, for the club foot jn cabbage,
199; a eheap and durable paint. iOJ; to preserve
|)urnpl.ins llirrmgh the winter and spring, 109; fat
cbolera, 114; for the piles, 139; for white swellings,
144; lor ehihilains, 244; for flesh wounds, 144 ; to
prevent mortifieaiion, 144; ftu' a sore mouth from
taking calomel or other cause, 144 ; for making
pumpkin ap|>le sauee, 140; for keeping bread moisi,
J47 ; hov/ to have mince pies at any time, 147 ;
fcr making corn siaicli, 147; ior boiling meat, 147 ;
for the bite of a snake, 147 ; for poisoned sheep, 147 ;
cure for founder, 147; for preserving tomatoes, 155 ;
to make a minute pudding, 1.55 ; for making cheap,
light and wholesome bri'tid, !03; for destroying tlrt;
D'd spider, 1*2; for making rice g'riddle cake, 181 ;
ibr »or : backs in horses, 187; for chronic rlieuma-
ti-m, 194; i'or weak eyes, 194, 212 ; to destroy ver-
Biin in cattle, 202; to 6c:ilter swellings on iior.sea,
305; for preserving meal, 205; supposed cure for
bahlness, 212; for sinokiig bacon, 212; for jireserv-
in^- the eyes, 212; fur rheumalism, L12; t.i color a
Sue nankin color, 212 ; f u- clinmic rheumatism, 227;
an aniidote to arsenic, 227; for making an ini'.ombiis-
tible w liitc wash, 22J ; clienain, a cement that hard-
ins under water, how made. 227; lor profusi: bleed-
wig by leech bites, 2.!2 ; l'<ir durable while wash, 235,
for weak eyes, 239 ; fur bot^s in horses, 235 ; to stain
wood green, 2.')7 ; for the cioup,'243 ; gangrene, 243;
fer a 8 ire thro;it from cold, 24:'.; lor h rsi-s and cattle
when they have eaten loo much grain, 243; li)r in-
lieiible ink, 243; for making pumpkin bread, 243; to
sViiu wood blai k, 251 ; lor teiti-r by using blood lOot.
!J-53 ; for the poll evil in a Imrsf, 253 ; fi.r frozen feel
»nd c!-ilolains, 2.53; sweei oil tor ciiolera, 2.53; for
lUe ring woim, 2d3; to detrct copper in green lia.
iSOl ; to mike castor (il palatable, :.;0I ; for a cheap
green pamt, 275 ; for a wa'er pruof varnish, 275 ;
for preserving iron from rust, 277; for cramp in the

Gtomach, 277; for a durable white wash, 283; for
drying string beans so that they may keep through
winter, 294 ; for burns and chilblains, 299 ; for bolts
in horses, 307 ; for giving strength to thread Ac, 309 ;
for I he whooping coul'Ii, 309; fur making ink, 309 ;
for pickled oysters, 317; for Indian batter cake, 317 ;
for a Dutch rice pudding, 317 ; for making permanent
ink for marking linen, 323 ; for big head In horses,
3J5; fur drying unripe corn, 349; for salting butter,
300; for the black canker in trees, 340; to make
yankee bread, 403; for rhubarb pies, 403; for
sjiruce beer, 403.

llespeetability, in what it consist", 80.

Ketus, his remark on the turnip fly, &c. 413.

Rcvolutioner, a, on destroying Canada thistles, 45.

jvheumatism, chronic, recipe for, 194, 212.

Khoades, S. Porter, on hogs fattened on apples, 141.

Rhubarb, or pie-plant, on its culture, 2; its cultivation
recommended, 283.

Ilibbon-grass, recommended, 41, 129.

Richenback, Ur, notice of his newly discovered sub-
stance called flesh preserver, and said to be a cure
for cancel, 108.

R. M. VV., im destroying the cut worm by salt, 171 ;
on lucky and unlucky days, 347.

Robinson. Abedncgo, on grafting and inoculating fruit
trees, 45.

Roller, a cut of, and remarks on its uses, 14 ; descrip-
tion of one from the Maine Farmer, 245.

Rose, S.. on preji-rving grapes, .57.

Rose leaf spice, how obtained and preserved, 411.

Roses, pillars of how formed, 11 ; to obtain large heads
of, 53.

Rositer, W. S., on cattle imported for Genesee Couniy,
70.

Rotation of crops, remarks on by John D. Legarc, Esq.
204 ; Anthony Collamore, Esq. 217.

Rothschilds:, notices of, 108.

Rotten stone, found in West Springfield and' South
Hadley, 82.

Rot in sheep, remarks on, 138,

R. S., on destroying Canada thistles, 234.

Rum for bathing injurious 344.

liussel, John I. , his letter to Mass. Hor. Soc. 107.

Riisticiis in Urbe, remarks by. 409.

Rota baga, on its culture and uses, 374.

R}e in the grain, reeommended as food for horses, 41 ;
ririiiarks on the culture of, 54 ; J. Gardiner's premium
crop of, 282

S. his remarks on fatlening calves and lambs, 22G ; on
Iraiisphinliiig, 205; on the use of carrots in maiung
biilliu-, 274

Salt fur live slock, 43 ; on giving it to sheep, 104 ; des-
troys grubs, 171; use of in piescrving posts and sills,
380

Sail water, ils operation on plants, 137

Sayres, Edrnniid, on forcing asparagus, 5

fseeneat sea, 290

Scythe snallis, on ihe mannfaeliire of, 187

Season Ihe, remarks on, 07; in England, 27; in U.'S.
39,315,379,414

Sea water, llie use of for manure, 82, 198

Sea weeds, gie.it size of. an: colored wilhout light, 147

Heeds, on su!ertiiig tlie best for pio))agatioii, 30, 02, 334

Senex, on drying siring beans, 294

Sermon, a pilliy, 04

Serpentine, a species of roek, 302

Shade trees, eomfurls and eonveuienees of, 1,56

Shakers, remarks ou their eslablisliinent in Pitlsfield,
iMa.ss, 10

Slieep, licks on, iiow destroyed, 2, 22, 3,54 ; remarks on
thclrealii'ienl of, 20; remedy for worms in liie head iif,
38'; should I ol be made very fit in summer, 01 i rem-
edy fir liei.s in,(i7; remarks on ihe rol in, 138 ; pola-
lues fioil tiir ; hesl mode of winieiing, 180; soiilh
duwn slieep, importi'd by rrancis Roieli, Esq, 2it2;
in Illinois, remarks on by W, and by George l-':ower,
2.52, on the disease iS. 300; on sowing oais fur, 317 j
remarks on slieiiriiig,«S:,e. 350 , on washing, 350, 302;
in I'ownal, Vernioni, 389

.■^heep husbandry, remarks on, 315 ; hints on 371

Sheet iron gi:;s, noiiei: ol. 37

Sheldon Ainu.i, nport on his larm, 208, 274

Shin, llie iiunih.ir ofstilelies in, 184

Sliui, round, the making of. how discovered, 1,54

Silk, prep.-iralions fur Us enliure in I'ennessee, 40; items
e.iui(erniiig,80, 93 ; on llie maniilaciiire ol, 113, 140,

155, I()5, 320, 350. 302; ir OInryville, Rhoih^

Is], mil, 155 ; ongiiiand dill'ereni names of thi: woid.
283. rem, irks on llie ( nilnre ol. 2o5, 338. 3,'i4, 381 :
Mr (Juhb s maniifieliire ol', 354 : mamilaelory in I'rov-
iduiiee, 302 : act of Alassacliusclls legislaluru to en-

courage the reeling and throwing of, 386 : culture in
Ohio. 387 : facts and observations relative to the cul-
ture of 387, 404,410
Silk companies, rernarkson, 382
Silk spinner. Rruoks' PalenI, 214 ; cocoons demand for,

350
Silk society in New 'i'ork, notice o{, 379
Silk worms, fiod fur 3.55; how hatched und managed,

&c, 370 ; on doctoring, 390
Sisson F his inquiries relative to a bone and plaster

mill, 139
Skins, how dressed in morocco, 01
Smith, Gideon B. recommends rye in the grain as food

fir horses 41
Smoke house of Col, M'Allister, how constructed, 403
Soil of Plymouth, remarks on by Dr Thaeher, 139; re-
marks on improvement of by a planter, 154
Soiling, reinaiks on, 39 382
Soils, light, on the management of, 33
Spelt (trilieum spella) 34

Spencer, Judge, his leUer on the culture of silk, 338
Spider, red, a compound for destroying, 172
Sportsmen, hints to, 06
Sqii:ish, aiitiimniil marrow, notice of by John M. Ives,

121 ; large, 142; a superior, hv .Mr Tliaver, 150
Stables, and cow house, A:c. should be well venlilated,

&c. 142
Stage, short, advantages of in drawing heavy loads, 40
Steam carriage, 09

Steamed food for swine, advantages of, 172
Steam engines, portable, 34, 1.58

Steam, on obtaining pure water by ils condensation, 145iil
Steam ships of vvar contemplaled in France, 150
Pleam ploughs, 10, 09
Steel busks, disadvantages of, 00
Steers, large, raised by Henry VV. Ciisliinan,253
Stock, on impro^iing the breed of, IU8; si e firiher, cat-
tle, too large should not be wintered, 142; remarks on
raising, 323, 325
Stove, for baking by Dr Nott, 5 ; notice of an improved,,

147
Straw, aliment obtained from, 59
Strawberry, im tlie cultivation of, 109, 155, 188
Stubble ground, how managed, 43
Slye, fjr swine, directions for constructing, &c. 15
Submarine mines, notices of", 30
Subterranean Indian village, notice of, 20
Sugar from pot-iloes, mamifieturtd in Ohio, 11 ; on llic
properties of, 200 ; fVoni nuiple, how manufactured, 6i,c-
307
Sulky, notice of a curious, 211
Summer, remarks on, 9
Sunflowir, a splendid, 83 ; seed of, said to be a cure foi

founder, 147
Sweet, his plan to prevent the swarming of bees, 28
Sweet potatoes, notice of large, 232; ou their eultiva

lion, 245
Swiiie, remarks on fatting, 38,43 ; f f the M.ickay breed
recomiueiideii, 42 ; remarks on fi-eding ami fiiiiing by
Henry Colinan,49; suhslitule lor iiiiging, 54 fattened
on apples, 141 ; how fattened in cold vieailier,&c
1.58; on the advantages of feeding lliein with ternnnt
ed swill, 205; notiei's of large,' 230, 245 ; dill'.-reni
broods uf'277 ; apples fiir feeding, 307 ; remarks ou bj
H,C.308
Syren, notice of a, 182
Talk, excessive, remarks on, 320 .
'I'ar will kill or drive away lice from ealtlc,382
Tares, on the eiillivation of in the United Slate.s,52
Taste, as applied tu matters of urnameut and luxury, 189
Tea, notices of, 09
Teasels, sales of in Hatfield, &c.
Tea shrub, remarks on, 2ti0

Teeth, the imporianee ol'attention to, 144; on the inju
rv resullitis! from the sto|iping of, 103 j remedy for de
feellve, 212
Temperanee men, notice of, 21
Tenii>eratore in hills and vallies, dilTerence of, and can

sesof, 222.230, 318
Teller, blood root a nire for, 253
Thiielier, l)r James, on the failure of the cow cabbage
14 ; on the soil of Plvmonth ani us vicinity. 13:) ; oi
Ihe Isabi lla gnipe. &e. 139 ; on llie bum,' piaiits, 221
Tlire;id and coarse cluili to increase the firmness of, 34
Tliiinder storms, remarks on, 32
Ticks on sheep, how destroyerl.2
Timber, rein:irks on, 1 1 ; trees for, 30, 285 ; moon's in

fliience on, 337, 358. oljii
Tobacco, remarks on by Dr I\liiss*'y 410
Tomatoes, ri'dpes fur preserving, 90, 91, 155; to maki

catsup of, 300
Tools, farming, care of, 105

INDEX.

TU

Tooth-ache, soda said to be a remcdj' for, 999

Top dressing mowing land, advantages of, 41 ; witli dry
straw recommended, 997

Townscnd, W. K. on the cultivation and uses of Man-
gel Wurtzel, 137

Trade, the learning of recommendeil, 988

Tradesmen, on defrauding of their time, 19

Transplanting, scientific principles of, 163, remarks on,! Water drinking, facts in lavor of, 80
228, 209, 31U ; evergreens lime for, 355 I Watering lands, advantages of, 42, 43, 142

Trees, the culture of recommended, 131 ; remarks on W'ater spouts, remarks on, 3

transplanting, 1G4 ; on destroying in streets, 181 ; onlWater wheel, notice of an improved model of, 150

Walsh, Alexander, his letter to Gen. Dearborn, relative
to seeds brouglil beyond the Kocliy jllounlains, 07

Warren, (jen. Storii^s about, &.e. notice ot, 310

Washington's true greatness, G4; his good value, 350 ;
his selt control, 4l(j

Water for stock, 43 ; purified by powdered alum, 102

Water cart, a cheap and useful, 137

cultivating for timber, 196 ; a large one in Mexico, 205 ;
on transplanting, 316; ornamental, pleasures and ad-
vantages of, 340
Turkey tracks, found in sandstone, 291
^^'urnip i3y, remarks on and remedies against, 4, 412
^Turnip under ground, notice of, 41 ; a new variety of,
presented to Mass. Agr. Soe. by Martin Brimmer, Esq.

Water works in London, remarks on 145

W. B. his remarks relative to killing bushes, making
manure, &c. 414

Weather, a table for foretelling, 9 ; excessively cold,
remarks on, 914

Wealhersfield girls, their industry and activity in pul-
ling up onions, 143

Weeding, should he continued late in autumn, 04

" - ■ - - - - of

.^urnips, remarks on hoeing, 43 ; how to preserve against j Weeds, how made useful, 62; destroyed by spirits of
* the fly, &c. 54 ; on pitting them for winter, 62 jj turpentine, 365

Twitch grass, or couch grass, &c. destroyed, 333 [(SVeevil, depredations of prevented by the candleberry

Typ, his remarks on the architecture of Washington [ myrtle, &c. 29, 196, 120; by salt and water, 171

Capitol, 189; on Baltimore monuments, 205 I Wells, fountains, how obtained, 105

Vaughan Charles, on raising cream by heat, 33; on culti- 1 W. G. on the culture of onions, 5

j Wheat, on its culture in the West Indies, 8 ; queries

respecting the culture of, proposed by Henry Colmaryf;Worms and slugs, in potatoes, how prevented, 138

vating winter wheat, 34
Vegetables, green, their value for manure, 137
Vermonter a, on cold weather, 954, 262
Vessels, preserved by (charcoal, 155
Vetches, ^-c. ploughed in for manure, 66
Viator, his remarks on liighways, 28
Vine, the longevity of, 408
Vinegar, on making, 42
Volcano in Iceland, 315

W. on sheep and other products of Illinois, 252
Walker, James, his remarks on the influence of the moon

on timber, &e. 337 ; on the construction of besjWTieat fly, on its ravages, 60, 76

houses, 337 ^'heat worm, on the ravages of, 60

Walnuts, queries and remarks on the different' sorts of Wheel axles, composition for, 333

294 1 White, Thomas, B. on an insect which infests pear

trees, 345

■ 27, on its culture, by Charles Vaughan, 34 ; great pro
duct of, 51 ; on the ravages of a worm that infests
wheat, 60 ; on sowing winter wheat in the spring, and
keepmg it fed down till autumn, 51 ; quickly prepared
for market, 61 ; how raised on clover sod, 89; for
seed, steep for, 94, 131,341 ; should not be rolled in, in
the fall, 138 ; a great yield of 158; how to obtain the
best for seed, 237
Wheat fields, covering with straw recommended, 147

Whilmarsh, Samuel, notice of his cocoonery, 331

'Wil'e, till- ■;i.Jities of, 248; a frugal, 360

Williams, tlenry, his improved metliod of sowing fjow-

er set ds,17
William Payson, report on his wheat crop, 270
Wiiigate, Paine, on feeding hogs with applcn, 100
Winship's greenhouse, notice of, 350 ; notice of their

moss house 403
Wives, who make themselves disagreeable, 184
W. M. on the cultivation of potatoes, 173
Women, remarks on, G4 ; that gather, strawberries in

Englahd, 06
Wood, cutting of for winter, 174; how prevented from

snapping on the fire, 174
Wool of Illinois, superior quality of, 18; remarks on ifiK

decline in the prices of, 38; sales of in several t(jwn»

in Mass, 53; sold at a high price by Mr Grant, of

Walpole, N. II. 06; exportation of will bo important,

90; product ofin U. S. )94
Wool grower's meeting, ISO, 243, 380
Wool fairs, suggestions on, 137
Wool market, remarks on, 374
Wool spinner, vertical, notice of, 173
Working men, an important legal decision relating to,

109 ; extracts from an address to, by Dr Mitchell,

address lo, by Mr Rantoul, 304

W. P. R. on a new mode of constructing board fence, 211
W. W. B. on the facility of increasing the new Chinese

mulberry., 131
Yankeeisms, instances of, 384
Yankey enterprise, in purchasing timber land in Georgia,

Yeast, how to have it good in summer, 43

Ye.'ks, Mrs Cobus, notices of her pumpkin apple saiics,

195
Young, Arthur, his experiments with manure, 84
Z. his remedy against the depredations of the weevil

29; his description of an improved bee hive, 2i.

NEW ENGI.AN© FARMER.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT. NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse. )-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

OL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 16, 1834.

NO. 1.

CHEESE PRESS.

The aljove cut represents an useful implement i!e-
omiuated (Quakers' Improved Self- Governing Clu'^se
'rtss. It is so constructed tliat tlie cheese is press-
1 by its own weight, auJ the heavier the cheese
le harder the pressure. The power of the press,
kewise, increases as the cheese is contracted by
le pressure, by a method which is obvious on in-
jection of the figure.

To be olttained at the Agricultural Warehouse,
OS. 51 & 52 North Market street, Boston.

ARDENER-S WORK FOR JULY A»ID AUGUST.

Clean and jirepare your ground where your
jrly crops of peas, spinage, cauliflowers, and
ibbages grow, and all other vacant spots to cul-
vate thereon such plants as are proper to supply
Dur table in autumn and winter, with later growi;
reductions. You may continue to sow crops of
nail salading every eight or ten days, as in
irnier months ; but they should now be sown
1 shady borders, or else be shaded by mats,.oc-
isionally, from the mid-day sun, and frequently
atered, both before and after the plants appear
JOve ground. You may now plant out your cel-
■y plants in trenches, unless you have already per-
irmed that operation. About the middle of .luly,
id from that time to the end of the first week in
ugust, you may sow turnips. Thin and trans-
lant such lettuces as were sown last month, and
iw more lettuce-seed in the beginning, middle,
id last week of this month, in order to have a
instant supply for the table. So likewise radishes,
nd in the last week of July a good crop of spinach
lay be sown for aututnn use ; it will not then be
able to run to seed as in the preceding months.
! is a good practice to sow early kinds of cab-
iges, about this time, for a supply of young
reens during autumn. Collect all kinds of seeds
i they come to maturity, cutting oft' or pulling up

ilie stiMiis with the seeds attached, as tiny riptji.
Spread tlicni in some airy place under cover, turn-
ing them now and then', that the seeds may dry
.■uid harden gradually, and he careful not to lay
lliciti so thick as to hazard their heating and fer-
menting. When they are sutKciently dry, beat oui
and clean the seeds, and deposit them in bags or
boxes till wanted. Give water to such plants as
require it, but let this be always done in the eve-
ning that it may be of use to the vegetables before
the sun shall cause it to evaporate.

You may now innoculate or bud your fruit trees,
and, where it can be done without inconvenience,
it will bo well to turn swine into your orchard to
cat the fallen and decayed fruit, and thus destroy
the insects which it contains. If, however, this
cannot well be done, or you have not swine in suf-
ficient numbers to devour all your fallen fruit, it
will be well to gather and carry it froMi the ground
before the insects, which inhabit it, make their
way into the earth, and make you destructive visi-
tations another season.

Keep all yoiu- crops clear from weeds, using the
hoe where safe and convenient ; otherwise make
claw-hoes of your hands, and weed-extracting iii|)-
pers of your thumb and fore-fingers. Pull up the
hauhn of peas, beans, &c. and remove it to your
compost bed ; bury it between rows of plants, or
throw it, together with all weeds, &c. to your
swine, that your premises may have a neat appear-
ance. Cut such herbs as are now in flower, to
distil, or to liry for winter use, being careful to do
it when they are dry, and spread them in a dry,
shady place ; for, if they are dried in the sun, they
will shrink very much, turn black, and jirove of
iittle value. Your dung-hills and compost-heaps
should, during the sununer months, be kept free
from weeds; lor if the seeds are permitted to ripen
and fall, the dung, when carried into the garden,
will disseminate weeds innumerable. Attend to
plants set out for seed, and put stakes to such as
need support. August, as well as the latter
part of July, is the proper season for inoculating
or budtling. M'.^Iahon says, " Cherries, plums, or
any other fruit-trees, may be budded in August, if
the bark parts freely from the stock. Pears ought
to be inoculated the early part of the month, or
while the s;ip flows freely ; but the peach, necta-
rine, almond, and apple, will succeed any time be-
tween the first of August and twentieth of Septem-
ber, provided the stocks are young and vigorous."

Preserve peach, plum, cherry, and apricot stones,
&c. to sow for raising stocks to bud and graft on.
These may either be sown immediately, or kept
in common garden earth or moist sand. But it
will be necessary to sow them before the stones
open, and the radicles begin to shoot ; otherwise
many of them will be broken or torn in the process
of sowing. Every day they are kept out of ground
is an injury to them ; and if they remain in a dry
state till spring, very few will vegetate till a year
after, and the greater nundier not at all. Continue
to collect and ])reserve seeds. Sow onions to stand
over winter ; likewise cauliflowers.

Fcsscndcn's A'cic American Gardener.

CLOVER AMOKG CORN.

A FRIEND of mine sowed red clover among his
corn after going through with the cultivator the

hist !iiiie ; ihe seed was proleciod iVom ihe heat of
the st]n by the corn ; it consequently vegetated
very soon, and alier the corn was cut oft', there
was a luxuriant growth of clover which aSbrded
fine pastui-e for several successive seasons. The
red clover is an excellent manure. I have raised
a fine crop of wheat by plongbiag in the second
growth after harvest. — Jim. Farmer.

From the Gcnesf^e Far-vicr.
Oy OILING LOCKS, DOOR-LATCHES, &c.

We have soniewhere read of a gentleman who
was in the habit of taking a nap soinelinie during
the day ; but near his couch hung a door on rusty
hinges which grated so harshly when moved, as
always to break his slunjbers ; and it was remark-
ed that the labor of one minute with a feather dip-
ped in oil, would have prevented the disturbance.
He then might have quietly taken his siesta. It
was too trifling a concern however, to require im-
mediate attention : it could be done at any time ;
and why should he get uj) and do it then ? Like
a philosopher, he would not move without a sufli-
cient motive ; and week after week, and year after
year, he was reminded of JMilton's sublime concep-
tion of the doors of another region.

We have been in the habit of frequently oiling
the locks and latclies of our doors, not only as a
matter of comfort and convenience, but of strict
economy, — because we are persuadcil they will
last much longer when they arc shut and opened
w I:'^ .'t strain or jar. Owing to forgelfulness of
the time when it was last done however, tije latch-
es on two doors when pushed to, had refused to
rise, and consequently would neither shut closely
nor fasten. It had become necessary to raise
them by hand. At first we concluded that some
roughness, occasioned by wearing, which we could
not well explain, was the cause of the difliculty ;
and we thought of using a fine file to remove it ;
but happily we first tried the experiment of an
oiled feather, and we were delighted to find every
obstruction vanish: all moved like clock-work.

A wooden latch was the fastening for a door ex-
posed to the weather ; and it had lately been re-
fitted so as to rise with great facility. A single
shower of rain however, put a slop to the move-
ment; and it would not shut without the assist-
ance of the hand. We tlierefore applied a few
drops of olive oil : the spell was destroyed ; and
though it has rained much since that time, the
latch rises and fastens without the least trouble.

Who of our readers have grating doors, or locks
and latches that have become refractory.' In such
cases we should point to the oil flask.

^

^

• ITE3IS.

A rorxG Englishman while travelling in one of
our stage coaches a short time since, was nearly
sutfocated by a cloud of dust, when be hastily ex-
tended his hand to a fellow passenger, and ex-
claimed, ''■farewell if I should not see you again."

A LADT who died in England in ISIG, bequeath-
ed to sis of lier horses an annuity of £50 each.
These happy and well fed horses, died at the res-
pectable ages of 28, 29, 31, and 33. The last but
recently departed this life, having enjoyed his an-
nuity more than 17 years, and received about
£800.

«>

NEW ENGLAND I'A113IEK

JILY IG. 1«3#.

out ;

JULY.

Thk c'loMils poured out water ; the skies sent
soiiiiil ; tliilie arrows also went abroad.
" Tlie voice of tliy tiiuuilor was in the heaven ;
the liglitiiiiiirs lightened ilie world ; the earth
trenihled aiul shook." — Psalm Ixxvii. 17, IS.

" Look upon the rainbow, and praise liini that
nude it ; very heautil'ul it is in the briglitness
thereof.

'■ It conipassoth the heaven about with a jrloiions
circle, ami the hands of the Most High have bund-
ed it." — Ecrli-.iiitstir.iis xliii. 11, 12.

Now let me ircud ilie meaflow i>aihs,

While glllterin^ dew Uie fjrounil illumes,
As. sprinkleil o'er ihe wiilieiiuj; swaUi.s,
Their nioisuirc shrinks, in sweet perfumes.

Sunniier! glowing summer! Tliis i.s the month
of heat and sunshine ; of clear, fervid skics^ dusty
roads, and sliriidiing streams ; wiien doors and
windows are thrown open ; — a cool gale is the
most welcome of all visiters, and every drop of
rain is worth its weight in gold ! Snch i.s July
commonly ; yet it is sometimes, on the contrary a
very showery month, putting the haymaker to the
extremity of his [latience, and the farmer upon
aii.\ious thoughts for Ins ri|)ening corn Generally
sfieaking, liowever, it is the heat of our summer.
The landscape i)resents an air of warmth, dryness,
and maturity ; the eye roves over brown pastures,
corn-fields already white to harvest, dark lines of
intersecting hedge-rows, and darker trees, lifting
their heavy heads above them. The foliage at
this period is rich, full and vigorous; there is a
fine haze cast over distant woods and bosky slopes,
and every lofty and majestic tree is filled with a
soft shadowy twilight, which adds infinitely to
their beauty, a circumstance that has never been
Kuffioieiitly noticed by either poet or iiainter.
Willows are now heautifid oi)jects in the landscape ;
tiiey are like rich masses of aborescent silver, es-
pecially if stirred by the breeze, their light and
fluent forms contrasting finely with the still and
sombre asjiect of the other trees.

Xow is the general season of haymaking. Bands
of mowers in their light dresses and broad straw
liats, are astir long before the fiery eye of the sim
glances above the horizon, that they may toil in the
Trcshness of the morning, and stretch themselves
at noon in lu.xurious ease by trickling waters, ami
lieneatli the shade of trees. Till then, with regu-
lar strokes and a sweeping sound, the sweet anil
flowery grass falls before them, revealing at almost
every stop, nests of young birds, mice in their
cozy domes, and the mossy cidls of the Ijumble-
l)ee stieatuing with liquid hoiuy ; anon, troops of
liaymakers are abroad tossing the green swards to
The sun. It is one of Natuie's festivities, endear-
ed by a thousand pleasant memories and habits of
the olden days, and not a soul can resist it.

There U i\ sound of tinkling teams and wagons,
rolling along lanes and fields the whole country
over, uyc, even at midnight, till at length the fra-
grant ricks ri.se in the farm-yard, and the pale
Bniooth-shaven fields are left in srdilary beauty.

They who know little about the country, may
(luem the strong /)ciic/innt of our poets, and of my-
self for rural pleasures, mere roijuauce and poetic
illusion ; but if poetic beauty alone were concern-
eii, 1 inu.st still admire harvest-lime in the country.
Tiio whole laud is then an Arcadia, full of simidt',
licallhful and rejoicing spirits. Overgrown towns
.aiid uiaimfaeloriea may have changed for the
Worse, the sjiirit and feeling of their popidatioii ;
ill them "evil communications may have corrupt-

ed good manners ;" hut in the country at large,
there never was a more sim|ile-minded, healthlid-
liearted and happy race of people than our British
peasantry. — Hamt's Book of the Seasons.

should

-WASTING TIME IS BED.

In all comitries, and in all climates, we
try to sleep half our hours before midnight. The
person who, .instead of going to bed at nine, sits up
till eleven and then sleeps during two hours of
daylight the following morning, is guilty of neg-
lect of econoniy. For, suppose he makes this his
constant practice during liis whole business life,
say fifty years. The oil or tallow which he would
consume would not be estimated at less than one
cent an evening, which in fifty years would be
.*182 50 — not a very large suoj, to be sure ; but
to every young num worth saving.

Again, il' an hour's sleep l>efi)re mididght is
worth more than an hour in the morning, then an
hour in the morning is of course worth less than
an hour before ujiilnight; and a person must slee|>
a greater nmuber of hours in the morning, to
obtain an equal amount of rest. A person re-
tiring at eleven and rising at eight, woidd proba-
bly get no more rest, possibly less, than a person
who should sleep from nine to five — a period one
luuir shorter. But if so, he act\ndly loses an hour
of time a day. And you well know, if Franklin
had not tolil ns so, that time is money.

Now, if we estimate the value of this time at
ten cents an hour for one person in four of the
population of the United States — arid this is prob-
ably a fair estimate — the loss of an individual in a
year, or 313 working days, woidd be .fSl 30.
The loss to a popidation equal to that of the Unit-
ed Stales, would in fifty years, be no les.s than five
thousand and eighty-six millions of dollars.

Fi-cni tile V'vVzr Yorf: Fanner.
PIE PIiANT, OU RIirBARB.

Amf.rica is blest with a favcu-ahle climate, and
peopled by natives from all |)arls of the earth, who
variously cultivate our v:uious soils ; and yet om-
markets are not so well supplied with fruit and
vegetables as those of less favored lauds. This
arises in part from the very lindted demand for
any thing out of the comnjon way. Animal food
is of a more beating and irritable nature than vege-
table ; consc()uently less ddapted for our summer
season. Indeed at any time, the wholesoineness
as well as lu.xuriance of our table is greatly mag-
nified by tlies(! salutary additions. Amolig their
nund)ers, I wish to call the attention of your read-
ers to tlifi Turkish rhubarb, rheum rhaponticum.
This is a valuable plant, and only requires to be
known to receive general cidlivation ; it has the
important recouunendation of presenting itself for
the table, when few others for a siudlar purpo.se
are to he hail. The petioles or stems of its large
fun-like leaf are the part to bo prejiared. When
the leaf is fully expanded, cut it close to the main
stem, remove the green to]), then deprive the
stalk of its outer skin by stripping it down, ami
not by cutting with a knife ; then cut it in small
lumps, not too thin; and either boil it in dump-
lings made of short paste, or bake il in tarts, ut;ing
sugar, lemon, &C. to the taste. It is found great-
ly to improve the fiavor of cpi)Ie tiirts or pies, by
mixing in the proportion of one-third to two-third.s
of apples. Tho latter fruit liaving been kept
through tho winter, generally loses its flavor and
becou^es flat and insipid. But the good housewife
will Buoii find a variety of ways to cook this dc-

liglitlul plant. 1 shall only add that it lias lb'
re|mlatiun of being very serviceable in aiding ihi
discharge of bile, and conclude with a few re
marks on its culture. The medical rhubarb ii
principally brought from the nKumlains of Tartary.'
and is the dried root of this plant. It grows iher
in great abuiulance upon the declivities of ili
nunmtains, preferring a light sandy soil, on ih
south side hut in the shade ; theriliire procure
place in a warm- shady boi'der of your ganic i
loosen the earth, far and deep, enrich the s|i<i
with some rich light soil, ami place the root upoi^
a snudi quantity of old stable manure, .'■o that iiil
top before any leaves have started he si.x inch^J
below tlie surface ; over the crown of the ro(.:
strew a little ifcre manure and cover it with fin
mould. In the spring, when the leaves begin I
appear above the ground, draw llie earth rouii
I hem, ami when the stem of the leaf has attaine
the- length of six or eight inches they lyay' be ci
for use. The main stem will attain the''rieight <"

six or eight feet. The root for planting iiuiy
obtained at the seed stores and luu-series.

As early as February or March, some growe
of this plant put barrels or large boxes over t)
plants, and cover the whole with heating inanur
Tfius treated they will grow very rapidly. Oil
ers let them stand in open warm sitiuitions, takii'
no other pains than keeping the grouiul free tin
weeds, and cut the leaves as wanted. They a:
propagated by separating the suckers or roots fro
the main stem. In a few years one plant w
nuike a dozen or more. B. F. Ames.

Ill

From //ic Nt:ie i ork Farmer.
DE.STRUCTIOX OF TICKS.

IIavi.m; noticed an article in your last numb'
recouunending tobacco for the destruction of licl
upon sheep, with wliich I agree in all exce|)t ll
mode of applying it — instead of wetting them vvi
a S|)onge before they are sheared, I think it won
be more advisable to liave a tub or some oih
large vessel, standing by the shearers, and to ha'
the sheep dipped into it after their fleeces ha
been taken off, in which case the ticks could in i
possibility escape destruction. 1 have seen tli
method practised upon a flock of about one hu
dred sheep, amongst which there could not be oi
found that hatl luit fifty ticks upon it, and some
them two or three huiulred ; but now there ca
not this nimdier be found uiion the whole flock.
The stalks of tobacco which are precisely as goi
as the leaves, can be bought at about one cent p
pound, of which fifteen pounds are sufiicient
serve one liundred sheep. B. K. \ .

Frmu l.'ie N. Y. Farmer.
MICE INJURHVG KURSERY PI.ANTS.

I >0TiCF.D in the Farnicr an extract from t
Northern Farmer, complaining of the depredalio
of mice in his nursery and among his fruit tn-i
I have seen many complaints of the same kin
and believe the following remedy will lie foui
elfectiud.

Take one ounce of cicuta seed, or one pound
the herb ; pour on to it a gallon or tnore of w.itt
h't it stand ten or twelve hours. Then |uit in
ihe water as much wheat as it w-jll wet, let
stand twelve hours longer, till it has absorbed
tho water, then scatter the wheat in iilaces fi
quently by the mice, and 1 am persuaded there v
be little complaint after. The same may be do
with 2 ounces of nux vomica, treated in the sai
wnv. RiTlo.

VOL. Xlt. NO. 1.

AND nORTICUftTMRAL JOURNAL.

o
'J

From the ilerTNiij.
CRUELTY TO HORSES.

Who, possessed of a heart, can see the llorse,
lie most noble of aniniiils, as well as most useful
a man, who, with the feelings of a human hein^',
nn see him heiiten and hiiiisoil, without feeling
lis nature revolt at it.

What heart does not sicl;en and recoil at tlie
ight of the IiIkIi mettled steeci tremhling beneath
he blows of his inhnmaii tyrant, who to gratify his
vorsB than brnral feelin!.';s vents his ujdiridleil rage
ipon his most faithfid servant. Is it not enough
liat he should strain his liiiibs from morn to night
ml wear himself out in the service of his master.'
s it not now enough that lie should be exposed to
tie chills of winter, and the melting heat of sum-
iier, ami often too with scarcely food enough to
upport nature ? Js not this snflicieut — nuist he
e also be flogged, bruised and knocked about at
lie will of the savage, who boasts his power over
lis willing slave ? See the animal altnched, per-
laps, to an overloaded cart or dray, straining his
ery life away, tugging up some uneven hill, ex-
rting his utmost till his strength gives out, nature
Imnst exhausts, and he is no longer able to [)ro-
eed — bis iidiuman master, who perhaps at the
ime is somewhat irritable on account of the heat
r cold, or what is more ])robable under the unre-
trained influence of some pernicious stimulus at-
3mpts to hurry him on ; but the wearied creature
5 not able to start ; at this the unfeeling man he-
omes enraged, and begins to beat his useful beast :
Ne horse for want of strength does not start, this
he brute calls obstinacy, and with the biiit of his
.^hip, knocks the trembling animal to the groi^nd ;
or is this all, while struggling on the ground, to
how bis prfiit'css to some one equally hratal jiass-
tig by, he still continues to inflict his blows upon
lis passive victim till strength fails him also.

Tins is no extravagant (licture, 1 have seen it,
nd frequently too in our place. Shall such con-
uct pass by unnoticed, among all oiu- philan-
hropic feelings shall we pass by acts so common
et so barbarous. The law prohibits it, and if we
annot do away with it in any other way, let us
esort to the law.

I might speak of the cruelty to other dumb
leasts, oxen especially, but inhumanity is less com-
non, among all the brute creation, than among
lorses. I might mention many instances where
rutality has been shown towards horses in lighter
ehicles than the cart and dray. But as the inas-
er is somewhat restrained by fear of his horse
aking flight in a light carriage, this is of minor
mportance, but by no means to be passed by.

A VALUABLE HINT.

A WRITER in the Boston Jledical and Surgical
ournal. Dr. Comstock, of Lebanon, Ct. furnishes
n interesting article on the mode of extracting for-
ign substances which have been introduced into
he ear. lie says that he once knew an instance of
I young lady, into whose auditory passage abtig had
lowu, whose anguish proceeding from the motion
ind noise of the insect was beyond all foiincr ex-
lerience or ])resent endurance. She described
he noise while the insect was in her ear, as ex-
:eeding the fall of a mountain or the crash of
huuder, whilst its motion gave pain unutterable.

The writer recommends the feather end of a
luill from a raven or goose, or eagle, smeared in
loney, to be introduced into the ear, which will
mmediately stop the hum of a bug, or the buzz of

a fly and extract it. W the substance lo be extract-
ed is H cherry stone or a kernel of corn, candied
honey may be preferable to that directly from the
hive, because more tenacious and adhesive, and
there may be cases where sometliing ninre adh'e-
sive than honey can be used with pnqiriely. But
liy dipping the feather end of a (|nill into the lat-
ter, introducing it into the ear, and turning it
roumi, every substance which lies loosely in the
passage may be extracted. This will siqiersede
the use of forceps, and do away the barliarous
term, and more barbarous operation of aiiricidar
lilhoirily. — Boston ^hr. Journtd.

EASY \VAY TO PRESERVE PLOAVERS.

IIow tnay flowers be keiit fresh in the house ?
This is an interesting question 'at this season.
lIow strange it is that the public have not learnt
one simple fact familiar to botanists ! I will tell
it to you Mr. Editor, that you may tell it to the
world. Flowers soon wither Jifter plucking chief-
ly because their moisture evaporates; and this
caiuiot be effectually supplied by immersing the
stem in water. Sjirinkle them with water and
cover them closely with a glass shade or vessel,
and they will keep jierfectly fresh for several
days. They may stand in a dry place. Let this
he tried by your readers — they will be gratified
with the result. The cover should he nnich larg-
er than the flowers, or the moisture will be ex-
haled. A covered vase may be thus beautified
with fresh natural flowers. The cover, however,
is apt to be covered with moisture within ; there-
fore, when company is expected, it may be tem-
porarily reitmved, and replaced afterwards. The
flowers should then bo sprinkled anew. If greens
and even vegetables were wet and covered quite
closely they might be brought to rnarket in much
better condition, and from a greater distance, es-
pecially if sheltered from the heat. Spinnage,
asparagus, cucumbers, &;c. if put into light boxes,
and moistened might probably come by canals,
vessels, &c. in good order from a great distance. —
.Vew York Daily Advertiser.

WATER SPOUTS.

We learn from an Apalachicola (Florida) paper,
that the citizens of that place were gratified not
long since, with the view of a large water spout
which formed in the bay immediately opposite the
town. When first discovered it presented an ap-
pearance of commotion in the clouds, such as is
often witnessed on the approach of a thimder
storm ; after but a few minutes had ela|)sed, it as-
suiued the shape of a funnel suspended in the air,
the small part slowly descending till it communi-
cated with the water below, the surface of which
after the spout had come to maturity, so to speak,
was agitated and resendiled an immense boiling
fountain. It then moved on rapidly and broke
when about half a mile distant.

The spout passed within a hundred yards of
the Shell Castle, a small schooner employed as a
lighter in the port. Iler crew became alarmed,
lowered her sails, dropped anchor, and retired to
the cabin, scarcely hoping to escape destruction.
They did, however, esca|ie, and soon after return-
ed to town exulting in their good fortune.

The grandeur of the scene was very considera-
bly enhanced by the interest which was felt for
the safety of the lighter, as well as the shipping in
the roads. It was remarked by several sea-cap-

lains, who bad often u imessed su(di things at seat
that llie total destruction of a vessel of any size
would be the unavoidable consequence of coming
in c<nitact with a water spout of much smaller di-
mensions.

RHEUMATISM.

In our last paper we published a receipt for the
Rheumatism, which was siiiiply this: — Take a
strip of gum elastic, and tie it round tiie joints af-
fected. This wi>idd not endanger life, and was
well worthy the experiment. So we say. It was
tried upon a gentleman of this place who has re-
sorted to almost every other remedy, and to his
surprise had the desired efi'ect. In fact he was so
much reduced by the disease as to lose the use oi
his lindis, and in nniking the experiment, he has
not only been relieved of. the pain and weakness
so incident to its nature, but is finally gaining and
enjoying nearly the wonted strength of liis system.
We recommend the remedy. — Lebanon Gazette.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

EXHIBITION OP FLOWERS.

Saturday, July 12//i, 1834.
Messrs. Hovey, Cambridgeport — Lychnis chal-
cedonica, fl. pi. Digitalis, Spirca, Delphinium,
Veronica, Aconiium, Verbena, Scabiosa, Iberis
Pyretlirum, Roses, Pinks, &c. &c.

Thos. Mason, Charlestown Vineyard — Anemo-
nes, Lilies, Carnations, variety of Roses, Lych-
nes. Delphinium, Celsia cretia, Papaver, Campa-
nulas, and other varieties.

S. Walker, Roxbury — Xevv Dahlia, and other
specimens of herbaceous plants.
WiKSHiP — Variety of flowers.
By order of the Committee,

JoNA. WiNSHip, Chairman.

FR1IT.S EXHIBITED.

Raspberries. — Two boxes yellow Antwerp by
Tiio's. BIason, Charlestown. — A basket of Barnet
by Messrs. Wixship — the dark color and fine ap-
pearance of this excellent and very prolific variety
excited great admiration.

Cherries. — A box of Downer's Mazard, fully sus-
taining its former reputation.

Currants. — Two boxes large Dutch white by
Tito's. Mason, Charlestown.

Apples. — Rhode Island Greening in a fair state
of [ireservation by Jos. JIorton, Esq. — A 5]ieci-
iTien by E. Bartlett, resendiling the rush apple.
Per order of the Committee on Fruits,

Elijah Vose.

CORRECTION.

Mr. Editor — Permit me to correct an error
which I have had an occasion to notice in a former
communication to tl-.e Hort. Society on the new
variety of Chinese Chrysanthemum. In the N. E.
Farmer, vol. xii. No. 19, p. 147, for " Chrysanthe-
mmn sinense," Lin. " Chrysanthemum indicum r"
variety " C. Bellidiflorum," Russell : read "Chry-
santhemum sinense, saiifie; variety "C.'' Bellidiflo-
rum," (Russell.)

The varieties of C Sinense are very numer-
ous, something like fifty or more being found in
the Catalogues. Much credit is due to the gentle-
man, who has by his liberality and care added an-
other to the numerous list in the Daisj' flowered,
(C.^ Bellidiflorum.)

Respectfully yours, John L. Russell.

Professor of Uolaiiy & Veg. Pliys. to Mass. Hort.Soc.

Cambridge, July 9, 1834.

NEW ENGLA]>fD FARMER

jrCLV 16, 1S34.

IMPOKTANT TO AGRICULTURISTS.

THE TURNIP-FLY.

The tiiniip-fly is not always of one kind, but
the diftereiice in them is not very iniportant, for
they only alter in tlieir pnint, their huild is always
alike. The most common is hottle-green, hut in
some fields all are painted hlack, with a white line
on each side from stem lo stern down the neck.
They are so active, that the only way in which I
could ever obtain them in newly sown fields, was
by sweeping the surface witli a gauze net, on an
iron hoop at the end ol' a strongisb stick. They
jump like tieas as soon as they see you. Tliis in-
sert, or rather its grub, commences its attack on
the turnip as soon as it is up, devouring the two,
cotyledons and the little heart, and sometimes in a
few days leaving the field as brown as it was on
the day it was sown. Schemes without number
luive been tried to get rid of or kill this little pest
wherever it has a|)peared. I have always observ-
ed the greatest quantity of grubs on very young
plants ; they are very various in size, and it is not
before the plants are a fortnight or three weeks
old, that the beetles appear in any quantities. Vet
there are some beetles ob.scrved at the first coining
up of the plants. Now I know from ex|ierience,
that the turnip-fly feeds on wild inustai'd, and sev-
eral other hedge plants, and therefore it is iiot im-
probable, that when they smell the fragrance of
the fresh bursting cotyledons of their favorite food,
they would skip down from tlieir spring habita-
tions, the hedges, and make the attack. I lirst
sowed some seed in a llower-pot, with earth out of
my garden ; it jnoduced the animal in abundance.
Secondly, I enclosed the pot with pasteboard and
canvass, with the same success ; but still there was
a possibility of the enemy getting in, as I liad not
the rover sufficiently close. Thirdly, I made a
light frame about eight inches square, covered it
with very fine silk gauze, carei'ully stopping the
crevices of the door with pasted paper, and round
the pot where the cover was fastened on with put-
ty, so that there was no possibility of any thing
coming to it from without. Yet this experiment
was attended with the same success ; except that
one point, a negative point, was now jn'oved, name-
ly, that the lly did not come to the turnip from
other plants, and this was a point gained. Fourth-
ly, I baked the earth in a cast-iron pot over the
fire, and used no other w-ater to water the seed
but such as I li.-id boiled myself, applying it at the
bottom of the pot with a common feeder. Then
1 e.xcrci.sod the same care, anil look the same pre-
•caulions as before. I did not take off the cover
till the plants were of a considerable size, and 1
found them all a-hop with beetles. I had now
made another step ; having before found that the
beetles did not come from other plants, it was now
clear that it was not in the oarili or the water. Filtli-
ly, with a lens I examined the seed, and found on
il a number of white tlattish siib.stances ; some of
the seeds were without any, but there were gen-
«rully one, two, three, four, and in one instance
five on a single seed. These I concluded were
eggs, an. I 1 thought the only way left me was to
attack them. U would have been easy enough to
j)oke them off with a needle, but I could not see
liow 1 was to eiiijiloy a needle and a magnifying
glass on a sack of turnip seed. I therefore made
some pretty strong brine, and soaked the seed in il
for twenty-four hours, then dried it thoroughly,
and with all iho precautions which I have men-
{ioued, I sowed it again, and there was not a single

tly, neither was there a single turnip injured. 1
tried again and again, and I fuund that, without
weakening the brine, if the seeds were only kept in
it three hours, there were no beetles, but yet the seed
came upas well as ever. I now pracfise this method
with turnip-seed, cabbage-seed, and in fact with all
the crucil'orm plants in common cultivation, with
very satisfactory success. The whole of these e.x-
periments were made on the Swedish turnip, which
is generally more infested by these beetles than
any of the other sorts. — Etitomologiral J\[airazine.

AVe sometime ago mentioned, in regard to avoid-
ing the attacks of the turnip-fly, that a farmer
completely succeeded in avoiding them for many
years, by rubbing, keeping and sowing bis turnip-
seed among flour of sulphur. Since the turnip
insect is attached to the turnip-seed, it is clear that
the sulphur must have destroyed them. This at-
tachment of the nidus of the insect to the seed is
a very remarkable circumstance, and requires far-
ther investigation than the experiments above re-
lated,'to establish the fact as a general one. — Edi-
tor of (luarterli/ Journal of Agriculture.

From the New York Fanner.
CUIiTIVATIOjr OF GRAPE VINES IN POTS.

Very consideraldc attention is now being paid,
by gardeners in England, to the cultivation of the
vine in pots. In some instances, the long cuttings
from large vines are curled around the inside of
the pot, leaving above the soil hut one or two eyes,
which, in consequence of the numerous roots that
are made, sjieedily obtain a vigorous growth. By
giving the vines a circular training, they will be-
come quite ornamental, and take up but compara-
tively little space. By putting the pot containing
the vine in another, and filling the space between
them with soil, a uniform irioisture may be easily
preserved. To families living in towns and cities,
the subject is of much importance ; to the ladies
in iiarticular we recommend it. ftlr. Btearns, a
gardener to the Duke of Portland, thus expresses
himself in the llorticultural Register, on this meth-
od of cultivating tliem in England.

" By my method I shall introduce vines into any
farmer's garden in the kingdom, where none had
))reviously been ; and at the expense of little be-
sides ten or twelve lights of glass will insure him
from 500 to 1000 fine bunches of good grapes the
first season ! If any one can boast tlie same, the
fiict has never been laid before the public, else it
is likely I should have seen it. I go thus far, on
purpose to raise a curiosity, and to e.xcite every
ilegree of emulation, knowing, that if such can be
excited, the system will very soon discover itself
to be most important to the country. The suc-
cessful cultivation of the grape is certainly one of
the simplest branches of the art, both in pots and
in borders ; if a vine be left entirely to itself it
will soon become fructiferous, after having been
I'm- years under the most rigid discipline to little
[uu-pose. A vine, excited to a high degree of lux-
uriance, is neither the most fruitful nor produces
the finest or best grapes. I have seen llamburghs,
from three to six and eight pounds weight each
bunch I The vines comparatively loeak, and vine
border very shallow, and by no means rich.

"As curiosity will be created by such a remark,
I beg to state that such grapes were repeatedly
produced by a ftlr. Minnett, formerly gardener to
Mrs. I'owes, Berwick House, near Shrewsbury.

"I have there seen bunches of Hamburghs from
fifteen to si.xtcen inches long, and from eight to

ten inches across the shoulders; the berries all o
a perfect black, as close as they could grow to-
gether, and the size of a boy's large marbles.

" I have coiled into pots this season upwards of «
hundred branches ; forty and more of which 1 hav<
got into action. I shall continue to introduce olhert
till the middle of June; if I can starve- ihein iiitr
dormancy by cold bleak exposure, or by buryinj
them in clay-coht mnrkey graves or caves! or by
being sunk under a wall on a north aspect. I air
begging of all my friemls the long branches which
they cut out in pruning, and as far as Soiiieisel-
shire, Worcestershire, Staftbrdshire, &,c. &c., E<
that I expect, in a short time, to have a stock oi
plants sufiicieiit to produce 1000 bunches the firs
season."

" Put in your cuttings of young wood, in coils
of three, four, to five feet, binding all the eyes e^
cept the uppermost. I choose lo leave two eyes
till the finest gets the lead, and is safe, for fear o
accident to one alone ; I then slip the weakest off
If placed into a bottom heat, and the eyes be bur
ied about an inch or two in the pots, in the cours«
of coiling, by the time the best eye appears abov*'
the soil, as strong as the bud of a fine as|iaragus
the whole coils beneath will bo completely occu
pied with young active roots, and by the lime tb(
shoots are four feet long, the pot will be a perl'ec
mat of those eager feeders. — Then shift and toj
the shoot and never leave on any laterals; plungd
as before into a fine bottom heat and enronrug*
the main topmost eye alone to push ; and lead i I
on, but without laterals, till it is again four fee (
long; when, the pot is full of roots, shift, top i,.|
as before, and encourage again the uppermost eyii
only lo start; and by the time il is another fouil
feet, if not overpolled before, it will require a thin
shifting. If required you may stop at every foui
feet, five or six times ; but three shiftings will b(
found enough for the season ; and you had bes
not suffer it to reach above from twelve lo twenty
feel of clear bearing wood. At the end of tht
season you will have shootsone inch and a lialfdi
ameler, and with fine bold eyes, and full of fint
set bunches for the next season.

" You will readily j)erceive, that, by such an ear-
ly and abundant accumulation of young vigorous
roots, and by such a top and bolloni management,
ills no extraordinary miracle to have every cutting a
fruit bearing shoot atone season's growth ; and by
a proportional coil of large older wood, it will be
equally obvious lo you, how readily such will pro-
duce a fine crop the first season."

" The extraordinary progress of my grapes upoi
the coiled vines, placed in a bottom heat astonishe;
every one. In another season, when I have go)
my wood early ripened, I intend to start some in
October, and lo have plenty of fine ripe grapes by
the middle of February. I have some at this lime
half grown, the branch being only cut from the
vine, and )]laced in bottom heat 20lh November
" Can such things be ?" Yes, easily and simply
so. I intend lo keep some coders as late as tht
middle or end of July, before they are excited, and
then to place them in a bottom heat. The fruit bj
doing so will be perfectly ripe before the dul
weather of autumn sets in, but not so with tli(
wood ; by which circumstance they will retain the
leaves vigorously through the winter, and conse-
quently the fruit will retain its plumpness til
April or May.

" You will now say this is going too far, but i
undoubtedly may be done. Newf ripe grapes m

vol.. XIII. NO. 1.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

.5

Fehniary, and plenty of old grapes till the end ol'
June! Tliei-c is little heyond the power of inan
if he will hut exert those faculties with which
God has endowed him."

Ft-oin th>^ (ifiwsii Fanticr.
CUI/TURK OP OKIONS.

The account given in a late nuinher of the
Farmer, of the henelicial elVi;cts of charcoal dust
ill the culture of onions, reminds me of an experi-
tnent made hy one of our farmers last year, and
vvhirh I think may be turned to good account.
He hail prepared his onion beds in tlie usmd man-
ner, sowed his seed at the proper time, hut the
seed did not come up, and his beds were goon
covered with young weeds which grew unmolest-
ed. After he had finished his corn planting, he
prdcured some good seed, and to refit liis beds
for its reception, covered the surface with straw to
the depth of a foot or more, and burned it over.
Ly repeating this operation the gromid was com-
pletely cleared of tlie weeds, and without stirring
the surface more than was necessary to deposit
the seeds, he sowed them ; they grew finely, no
weeds came up, and he had a fine crop of onions.
Tills year he caused his onion ground to lie pre-
pared early, that the weeds might have time to
start before the time of sowing, when he as last
year burned straw over his beds, and sowed his
onions. By this proceeding he secures two im-
portant end.-J — he eradicates all weeds from the
surface, and the ashes and charcoal of the straw,
furnish the best possible dressing for the onions.

W. G.

Olisco, May 30, 183-1.

ox ASHES AS A MiVSfURE.

From a letter just received from a correspond-
ent in Pennsylvania, we make the following ex-
tracts. We are aware that many of our Genesee
farmers consiiler the use of ashes as a manure at
least doubtful, — ascribing its supposed inefiicacy to
some peculiarity either in our soil or climate ; but
we have not been disposed to adopt this opinion.
!n fields which yield large cro|is, the diflerence of
a few bushels to the acre, is scarcely perce|nible ;
and it follows that the value of a manure which
produces such diiibrenee, may be nnicli under-
rated. Yet it is evident that five bushels of {ndian
corn, added to the forty or fifty bushels which the
land W'ould produce without manure, are worth as
much to the farmer, as when that addition is made
to the product of more sterile lands ; or when it
increases the crop from twenty to twenty-five
bushels an acre.

We want experiments in the western parts of
this state, on the subject of ashes as a manure.
We believe that farmers, instead of selling im-
leached ashes at tlieir doors for six cents a bushel,
vvoidd find it more profitable to keep them for their
own use, and to apply tliein to their own corn-
fields as manure.

" r put a small handful of unleached ashes into
each hill of corn at the time of planting; and I
think this way is better than to put it on the hill
alter the corn has come up. Last season, I dress-
ed a few rows of corn with it, and am satisfied it
is fully worth seventy-five cents a bushel for this
purpose. These rows alternated with others, so
that the experiment was fairly tried ; and the dif-
ference was apparent through the whole season.
There was a gain of at least five bushels to the
acre. The ashes cost fifteen cents a bushel, the
quantity not exceeding three bushels to the acre.

" This year, I bought potash for soap making,
so that 1 might save my ashes for manure, vnharh-
ed. I am satisfied that leached ashes are not worti
near so much ; yet with the latter, the corn was
much better than in that part of the field which
had no ashes." — Genesee Farmer.

Keeping four winters on bay, &c. 40

Keeping four summers to grass, 16

FORCING ASPARAGUS.

Ai'TER visitiug your market at New York, I am
rather sur|iiised at <he little attention paid to forc-
ing that useful vegetable, the Asparagus, which I
deem one of the first importance to the market
gardener. The mode of forcing being simple, and
the jiroduce generally satisfactory, I trust a few-
practical reiriarks on the subject will be acceptable
to some of our readers.

As soon as the frost is out of the ground, let a
very moderate hot-bed be made, of any conven-
ient size, with hot horse manure ; the frame being
placed on it in the usual manner, cover the bed
three inches thick with earth, whereon the aspar-
agus roots are to be placed, taken from an old bed,
or nursery rows three or four years old. Tlie roots
will require no trimming, but merely placed as
thick as possible in the bed, so that the crowns
are not to be placed in one another. This done,
they are to be covered three inches with light
soil or tanner's bark, when the sashes may bo
closed to draw the heat ; but care must be taken
not to let the lights remain on a day after the heat
begins to rise, when six or eight inches more of
light earth may be covered over the bed. The
treatment is simply to give plenty of air in the
day, and moderately covering the frame at night:
to keep out the frost is suflicient. After the bed
has been ])lanted ten or twelve days, the roots will
begin to vegetate, when a good watering is to be
given every other day ; and in three weeks after
the time of planting, a good supply of asparagus
will appear, and continue if properly managed
from ten to twelve days.

Edmund Sayres.

From the Farmer^s Journal.
BREED OP CATTL,E.

The only reason that can be assigned why the
farmer does not find the raising of cattle the most
lucrative branch of his calling, is that he does not
pay proper attention to the breeds of those he
keeps. No point is so much neglected — while it
is generally acknowledged that none could be more
profitably attended to. If the farmer would sit
down and make a careful estimate of the differ-
ence in the profit upon a good and a poor animal,
he would readily see the importance of this sub-
ject. The writer of this recently sold two cows of
the same age — the one a good, and the other a
poor cow. Both came in at three years old, and
both have had a calf every spring since. Both
were sold without the calf — the best for 830, and
the poorest for $17. Since the sale I have, as is
my custom, proceeded to "count the cost," or to
estimate the loss and gain in the case. The fol-
lowing is* the result — estimating that 25 dollars is
the amount iu butter, cheese, &c. obtained yearly
from the best cow ; that the other gave only ludf
as much milk, and had poorer calves ; and that
the expense of keeping was the same for both :

BEST cow.
Amount in 4 years in butter, cheese, &c. §100
Amount of 4 calves, sold for $4 each, 16

Amount for which cow sold, 30

146

-56

Nett profit from cow, - - 90

POOR cow.

Amount in 4 years, in butter, cheese, &c. $50

Amount of 4 calves sold for iJS each, 12

Amount for which cow sold, 17

79

Keeping, four winters on hay, &c. 40

Keeping four Eummers to grass, IG

Nett profit from cow, - - 23

Now suppose that instead of raising these cows,
I had bought them at the same for which the best
cow sold — for at 4 years old both cows had cost
me the same in raising — I then have a nett profit
on the best cow of $60, while on the jioorer I sus-
tained an actual loss ofS"- In my estimate I inay
not have calculated precisely the cost of keeping,
&c. ; but this does not affect the difference be-
tween the good and the poor cow, estimated from
its ultimate bearing upon my purse. I only ask
my brother farmers to look at this calculation and
see how much they lose by keeping poor cov\-s.
On other stock the same difference exists between
the good and the poor ; and if those who see this
fact as I do, will still persist in their neglect of
their breeds, it can only be through that almost in-
fatuation which sometimes dictates their agricultu-
ral principles.

INDIA RUBBER CARPETS.

Dr. .Tones of Mobile, in a letter to Professor
SiUiman, says :

" Having some India rubber varnish left which
was prepared for another purpose, the thought oc-
curred to me, of trying it as a covering for a car-
pet, after the following manner. A piece of can-
vass was stretched and covered with a thin coat
of glue, (corn meal size will probably answer best)
over this was laid a sheet or two of common
brown paper, or newspaper, and another coat of
glue added, over which was laid a pattern of
house papering with rich figures. After the body
of the carpet was thus prepared, a very thin touch
of glue was carried over the face of the paper to
prevent the India rubber varnish from tarnishing
the beautiful colors of the paper. After this was
dried, one or two coats (as may be desired,) of In-
dia rubber varnish were applied, which when
dried formed a surface as smooth as polished glass,
through which the variegated colors of the paper
appeared with undiminished if not with increased
lustre. This carpet is quite durable, and is im-
penetrable to water, or grease of any description.
When soiled it may be washed like a smooth
piece of marble or wood. If gold or silver leaf
forms the last coat instead of papering, and the
varnish is then applied, nothing can exceed the
splendid richness of the carpet which gives the
floor the ap|)earance of being burnished with gold
or silver. A neat carpet on this plan will cost
when made of good papering, about 37 1-2 cents
per yard.

CEMENT.

The Dofnestic Encyclopedia states that the
juice o{ garlic is the best and strongest cement
that can be adopted for broken glass and china.
The first cup of young Hyson from a cup so
patched, must have a delightful flavor.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JIXY Ifl, 1834.

N K VV ENGLAND FAUJJJiK.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 16,1834.

For the Nero England Fanner.
Mr. EnnoR — Sir, Anion<j n luiiiiher of excel-
Ipiit things yiiu liavi; nfliitK years iiiciitioiied as coin-
iiij; into t'asfiioii, J l)e^ leave to reiiiiiid you ol'
" FinlaysoiiV Ituiioiis SfOtcli liarrovv" notired liy
,yoii in tlic 4tli vol. page 86. 15nt more parti<Milar-
ly I call yoni- attention to the " Cow Cabijage Tree,"
of which at present I hear nothing. I suppose the
cow caliliage tree cainiot support our winters. If
it can, pray let us know it. The " Gaina Grass,"
aliout wiiich, last sunnner, you made such a flour-
ish, induced nie to procure some seed, which I
jilanted on the frst day of April,; and not a single
seed has vegetated. If any one of your readers
has been more successful than myself, I wish he
would send you a. word on the subject: For it is
my ojiinion that if the Gania grass could be natur-
alized here, njilk would shortly run down your
streets in streaujs. liut, sir, the greatest flourish
vou made last year wasyour notice of the project of
Professor Kafinesriue's " Incombustible Houses,"
which seem to have gone oft' in a flash.

On the strength of "Cow Cabbage," " Gama
Grass," and " Incombustible Houses," to be built
eheafier than wooden ones, I purchased ten acres
of excellent loild land within two miles of Boston,
with a view of supplying all the good people of
ISoston with nulk ; and I encompassed the land
with a more than legal fence, for I liold it equal
to an eleventh conuiiandment to keep a five rail
fence against one's neighbur. And now sir, the
least you can do for me, is, to tell me what I had
better do with my land.

Yours, Lac-milk.

By the F-ditor. We are nuicli obliged to Mr.
^^Lac-miUc" (who, it seems does not lack wit,) for
directing our attention to the articles and topics
adverted to in his communication ; and are sorry
that our infurtnation relating to them is not so full
an<l explicit as we coidd wish. And, first,

Finlatson's Harrow. The notice we gave of
this implement was taken from the English Far-
>Ker''s Journal, a jiaper published in London. It
was there highly commended, but not described
with such precision as to enable any person to
copy its form or comprehend exactly the principles
which gave it superiority over other implements of
the kind. Since ])nblishing our notice of said
Harrow, we have seen in Loudon's Gardener's Mng-
ri-ine, vol. i, p. 102-3, a review of an agricidtural
work, published by John Finlayson, the inventor
of Fiidayson's Harrow, in which this and several
other inipli'ineuts of the same man's invention are
mentioned. JJut ihe able Comluctorof that Magazine
says; "All these implements have lieen very much
approved of in diflc'riMit parts of Scotland ; but be-
ing chiefly calculated for land in an imperfect state
of ridtivaiion, or where very rough stidibles arc
left, it may be doubted if they come into general
use." A\'e shall, however, make fm'ther in(piiries
res|)ccting this harrow, and if we should, thereby,
be led to supfiose it woidd prove serviceable in
this country, will give it farther notice.

Cow Cabbage. The last we recollect to have
heard or read of the cultivation of this vaunted
vegetable, in this country, is contained in a letter
with which we were favored, from Dr. J. Thacher,
dated Plymouth, May 8, 1830, and published in
the New England Farmer, vol. viii, p. 312. Uy

this it apfiears that Dr. Thacher received s<ime of
the seed of the Cow Cabbage (Cassarean kale) from
Dr. Mease of Philadelphia, which the last named
gentleman had recently imported from France.
That according to Dr. iMease, " in the Provinces ol
iMayiie and iirittany, where the variety is exten-
sively cultivated, chiefly for cattle, the stalks live
finu' years and grow ten feet high. The plants
may stand out all winter in Europe, but as the cohl
of the Old Colony might possibly kill them they
should be defended, by a sheaf of straw well se-
cured at the top." It appears that some plantetl
by Br. Thacher were killed by frost, but he ob-
serves, " Fortunately, one of ujy neighbors, from
a curiosity to ascertain their worth, took up his
()lants in autumn and put them into his cellar.
They flourished well, and he cut the leaves and
young sprouts several times in the winter and
Ibund them excellent for table greens. One of the
plants is now [May 8th, 1830] six feet high, and
its sprouts to the very summit are covered with
yellow blossouis, from which a large quantity ot'
seed will be produced," &c. What becauje of
these plants or of the culture of the Cow Cabbage
in the Old Colony we have not learned. We
should be thankful if Dr. Thacher would be so
good as to forward us a line on the subject.

Gama Grass. We understand that our corres-
pondent has not been the only person who has
failed to succeed in causing Gama Grass seed to
vegetate. We sent some to a friend iti Vermont,
who wrote to us as follows :

" I must give you my thanks for the Gama Grass
seed. I was very attentive in ])lanting it, and
ujade as many hills as seeds, which were about 17.
liut to my disa[)pointnient not one of them has
vegetated. Il" it were not owing to the age of the
seed it must be to the severe cold we have had
this spring — the latter I thiidi is the case." Sev-
eral other persons have obtained seeds of the Gama
grass from the office of the N. E. Farmer, but we
have received no notices of the results of their
trials. AVe should be glad to be informed if any
have succeeded. We have always entertained and
expressed doubts of the possibility of cultivating
that grass in the Northern States, but, hoping it
jnight' become acclimated, have thought the ex-
periment worth the trial. We do not yet abso-
lutely despair of its eventual success, and would
recommend the procuring of fresh seeds, s[)routing
or starling them in hot beds, and taking tlie proper
measures to enure the plants by degrees to the rig-
ors and changes of our climate.

With regard to our " flourish" as our corres-
pondent calls it, relative to '■^Incombustible Houses,"
we were neither principal nor accessary in any
flourish, pu(f or recommendation of Professor lla-
finesqne's alleged Discovery of erecting Incombus-
tible Houses. We republished from the Philadel-
phia Gazette an article on the subject,* leithout ex-
pressing anij opinion of its correctness, giving credit
to the papiu- from which said article was extracted.
Indeed it was not possible for us to say whether
the " Discovery," as it was called could or could
not be relied on, because as the article ilsell' states
the modus operandi or manner in which the incom-
bustil)ility is effected, "he [the Professor aforesaid]
wisely and discreetly keeps to himself; but with
magnificent liberality he oilers to divulge the se-
cret to any architi'.ct for the sum of one thousand
dollars" &c. Now if our correspondent is an ar-

Sec New England l''ariner, vol. xi, p. 3(iU.

chitect, and will apply to Professor Kafinesque, and
pay him .flOOO, he will probably be let in to the
secret, and for aught we know will be taken in
into the bargain ; but at any rate we do not " take
the rcsponsibllilij." That houses may be made in-
cornbusiible we have no doubt, but cannot say
whether said Professor (not having the honor of
his acquaintance) knows any thing worth knowing
relative to this or any thing else, which lie jjrofes-
ses to know. "A Constant Reader," in New Eng-
land Farmer, vol. xi, p. 377, supposes Iron Houses
would combine with Incombustibility many other
advantages. In remarks on that article we stated
some objections to Iron Houses, the principal of
which Was in substance, that iron being a good
conductor of caloric, houses nuide of that metal
would be nearly as cold in winter and as warm in
summer within doors, as the atmosphere without
them. To conclude, we wonlil inform Mr. " Lac-
milk" that we do not mean to giiaianty the truth
of every report, nor the utility nor practicability of
every alleged invention or improvement of which
we take notice in our Journal. We always, im-
less by oversight, g-ii'e our avihoriiy, name the
book, paper, or otlier source from which our in-
formation is derived, and thus our readers are pre-
sented with the same means of judging of its cor-
rectness, of which we are ourselves in possession.
In short, we take no responsibilities in articles of
that kind except iu cases which have come under
our own personal observation. More or less un-
certainty pervades every other art and science as
well as those of agriculture and rural economy.
Truth and falsehood not only often wear the same
garb but a|)proach us by the same avenue, and
noiliing short of omniscience can always distin-
guish the one from the other.

VARIETIES OP IKDIAN CORIV.

By the kindness of the Rev. Dr. Harris of
Dorchester, we have received from the plantation of
Doctor Whitridge of Charleston, S. C. four speci-
mens of as many diflerent sorts of Indian corn.
They are labelled Yellow Flint, of South Caroli-
na ; Madeira Flint, six years planted in South
Carolina; Common Flint of South Carolina ; Tus-
carora corn, from the celebrated Collins' planta-
tion, which has been planted six years at Rose
F>ank, St. John's Parish, Colleton District, South
Carolina. They may be seen at the oflice of the
N. E. Farmer.

LIGIITKING COKDI'CTORS.

It is fancied that it is quite sufficient to put up
an iron rod, with one end in the ground and the
other a few feet higher than the roof, to protect a
building from lightning. It should be impressed
on the public that conductors, uidess perfectly in-
sulated, are calculated to produce the disaster tliey
are intended to prevent. The best mode of insu-
lating them is for them to pass through glass rings,
and in no part to be in contact with any thing but
glass. The lightning conductors placed on tbe
Royal Exchange at Paris are a perfect model in
this respect. — Penny Mag.

THE SEASON.

Since our last notice of the season we have had
a favorable change in the weather, and vegetation
has advanced with rajiid strides. But it has been
rather too wet to be most favorable to the Indian
corn. The season, however, has not yet got so
forward as usual, and our farmers have not done

VOL. XII. NO. 1.

AND HOllTI CULTURAL JOURNAL

laucli ul liayiiiJikiii^', liioiii;li vvc hclieve tliuy liavc
pretty gouerally coiiiiiieiK-eil. The luiy rro|)ri with
us will Uii lai-j-fj, at the eastward we ace tultl tliat
it will he lighter, owiii^r to the long prevalence of
easterly wituis. Thoii^vii <nir siime frnit was
almost (entirely dcstroyetl hy the sprinj,' frosts, their
loss will he ill some dei^ree »:oini)fiisated l»y a re-
ruarUahle ahmuhiiioe of the smaller fruits. The
native strawberry was pnihahly never more plenty.
Kaspherries and hhi(;berries are now ripening, and
lliey and the later htrries a(»pear like l)eing eipial-
ly ahondanr.

A])ples thtHii^Hi not so plenty as some years, will
yet he suJhrienity so for the wains of ilie iniiahi-
tants. Of pears there will he hut very i\iw, —
it'onesiftr Spij,

ITEMS OF IMTELLICiENCE.

Thr. Wmlhcr. The hea.t has been exceedingly oppres-
sive durin»r the hist few days. On Wednesday the Ther-
luonicter of our nci<rbbois. Messrs. Goodwin &. Co. which
lias stood in the saaie place, and in the sluide for twelve
years past, stood al IhO de^. on Wednesday, being- tliree
deirrees higher tlian the Mercury has ever ascended dur-
ing.' liie Ion? period the Thennonietur lias remained there.
— llarlfovd Vrcas.

Witlsin a few days past eighteen persons have died in
lj»e City of New-York in consequence of drinking" cold
water, when they were greatly heated.

Lifnn, 7'hiti-sdaij, Jvly 8, 4 /■*. M. — Jas Peasley, of this
tov.'n, dropped down dead to-day, about 1 o'clock. He
had been mowing in the forenoon, came home, ate din-
ner, and died soon after, probably in consequence of
overiiealing himself. He was a middle aged temperate
man. Tlie thermometer ranged from v'2 to !t8 degreesj
one which had been in tlie shade stood at 100 at 1 P.
M. — Lynn ficcard.

The Dundee Chronicle says, that American manufac-
tured cottons, ailer kicking tiie English article out of
liie n!:\rkctof the United States, are now doing the same
al Valparaiso ; where, irom the 20th to the 3Uthof Au-
gust, 1633, there arrived in that short space at that port
*M)OS bales, each of 1000 yai-ds per bale. With the pure
gold the Yankees receive for it, t))ey run across to China,
and thus doubk tlieir profits. AU owing, says the edi-
tor, to the suicidal policy of the corn lav;s excluding
■cheap foreign grain, and forcing other nations to man-
« fact are.

ZINC W^AllE.

Ju5l received, a firilier supply of Zinc Milk Pans, KeUles
and deep Hake Pans, and for sale at ilie Agricultural Ware-
House, ISo. 6i and 5^ IVorlh Mnrkel Street.

The altoie articles are highly rccomMieiidfMJ, not only for
dairies bul for private famiHcs ; at Ibis sea-^on ofilie year lliey
are nio';( waiiiod, and it \% fully ascerlaiucd that lliey prorlnct:
ni(»re frn.n iln- saii.c qUfiniilv of Milk. jy IG

JDISilLKY, OK KEW LEICESTER SHEEP.

Two Hams and one Ewe. wiUi her Ewe Lnnili of fourmonllis
old, of llie pure breed as above — were imported from England
tasl 3-ear from one of liic most celebrated flock-i, superior as a
/urge tmiit-on brred, and also very heavy llecces of long comb-
ing or wo/slcd wool.

Also, a very Cue, 3 year old Bull, 3-1 blood Durham Short
Mora.

Apply to JOHN PnixNCK.

Jiwiaica Pt.iius, June "ioth. 1S31.

WHITE OUTCH CLOVER.

Reckivki) ibis week direct horn Holland lOUO Ihs. superior
Wiiiie C».ovi;k. warmnled free from ajiy kind of foul seed,
and at leasl worth oirtj^hird more than American. This will
be found an exceUent Gra*;s for PssUire iand,»icc.

alG f;t:o. C. BARRETT, N.w Eni^land Seed Store

BOX PI-AiVTS.

From Seven Hundred to One Thousand Yards of Prim.
DOX in i;ood order for Planting::, 'fo '"^ taken y.\r* at anv linit
when ordered. Orders may be left with GEO. C BaRKETT
NowEn<(!andFarmcr011ice.or apply to THO.MAS iMASON,
Charb^town Vineyard. Il n^y be Lad on fair terms by ihj
Yard or Hundred. mcc 7

PKUIT TliEES.

'>RNAMKNT,vi. TUEErf, iiUlSES, rLO\VI::R-
INU PLANTS, ^cc. Nuksekv of WILLIAM
KEAKlClv in Nkwton, 0.^ miles from Boston
bij the Citij JMUlSj and ^ a iniit J'ront the IVorcesler

A rare collection of Fruit trees, Trees and shrubs of orna-
niont, llbses, Dahlias, &.€. This Nursery now covers coni-
|t?ictiy, the niosi pari of 13 acres ; and includes of Trees and
I'lanis in diH'erent stages ofgrnwih, from Uvo to liiree hundred
ihousund. Ofjiew celebrated Paars alone, IJU kinds, a part of
whicli haviiig^ hccn ali'eady proved in uui' dinuile. are espec-
ially rccommeneed. Of Peaches, a Capiial Collodion, for
e.viensive numbers and fine kinds — Apple;- — Cherries — Plums
— Nectarines — Apricots — Almonds — Quinces — Giape Vmes
— ^Currants — Raspberries — Gooseberries — Strawberries — Figs,
t5»ie. — Selections ti'om the best varieties known.

I\Iouus JMuLTicAULis, OR New Chi.xesk Muleerky, so
ceieiiraied for the food of silkworms.

Of ROSES. A superb collection of from 300 lo 4Cf hardy
and China varieties ; from numerous importations, and first
fliie sources. White Flowering Horse Chesnuls, Weeping"
Wrilows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Silver Firs, Venetian Su-
mach, Altheas, Honeysuckles, Azaleas, &.c. &c. — in all, of
OrnumciUai irees, and shruljs, 650 varieties. OfH<ij;bace-
ous dowering Plants, 300 choice varieties, uirhuling ihc finest
kinds of Paeonies, and 100 splendid varieties of Double Dahlias.

Gentlemen are invited to lorwarcl iheir orders early in Au-
tumn. W'.ii\.^ an cxfellenl ses'^on lor trans pi an Ding'. Address
to WILLIAM KENRiCK, IMkwton. Trees, l^c. delivered in
liosion free of charge fvir transportation, and suJlalily packed,
and from tlience when orderci.l dul}" forwarded, by land or sea.
Or orders will receive the same attention if left \\'\v\i Geo. C.
Bakrktt, who is ^a":enl, at his seed store and New England
P'armer Office, Nos'. 31 &. bt, North Market Street, Boston.
Catalogues gratis on application. Je "Zb

PUICh::^ OF UOUiN'lUV PROJ)lCL

ENGLISH AVOUIiS OJV AGRICULTURE.

Dr. Dickson's Practical Agricullurc. in two volumes, 12GQ
pages, with numerous eugravings and colored plates.

Complete Farmer, or general dictionary of Agriculture and
HushaiKJry, with many engravinifs, in 25U0 poges.

The Complete Grazier with plates, sfcond handtd, fJOO pagc^-

The above will be sold very low, having been parliilly used.

July IGth. ■ GEO. C. BARRETT.

DAMAGED BISHOPS LAAVN AND MUSLINS.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, al INo. 41-1. Washington
Street, will open for sale tliis day,

1 Case wet (bul not damaged) Bishops Lawn.

1 do. <Io. do. Book Mu>5!in.

Also, 1 do. Superfine 6-4^Cambric Dimolies, which will be
otfered by the Piece at 25 per cent, less than cost of importa-
Uon. m 14

STRA^V CARPETING.

ELL\B STONE BREWEU, No. 414 Washington street,
has received a lot of 106 pieces superior straw carpeting wiiite
and fancy checks, 3-4. C-4, and 7-4 widths, which he will .^ell
by the piece or yard al very low prices. Also, Canton Straw
table malls. islf. a Rj.

ISLAND IN THE AVINNEPI.SEOGEE LAKE FOR
SALE.

Will be sold at public auction, on the premises, on THL'RS-
DAY, the seventeenth day of July {unless prevlou-sly dis-
posed of at private sale,) the Island in Winueplseo^ee Lake
known as MERINO ISLAND.

This island is situated within the limits of Tuftonbornugh, N. [
H. about 35 miles t'rom Concord, and one quarter of a mile 1
from the mainland. It contains between five and six hundred I
acres, and is admirably calcuUUed for a slieep and dairy farm, {
lor which it has for several years past been very successlullv
cultivatcd. It is in two parts, connected by a neck two rods
wide. One |)arl {of which about one half is cleared, and the
other in forest) contains the pasture, nearly 300 acres in extent,
of very high and sweet feed—the odier part, about 200 acres,
(of v.'liich two thirds are cleared.) contains all the bullding-s,
which are extensive and very convenient, having all been erect-
ed by the present proprietor within ten years. There is a eom-
loriable farm house, of 43 by 24 feet ; a barn 80 by 40, with a
shell up lo the eaves on ihree sides, of I J feet wide for sheep -,
another barn of 50 by 30 feel for cattle and horses j a dairv
and chee=c house, with ice house connected; corn-barn, and
wind-mill, nearly new. m^

At the same time and place, will be sold the. STOCK now
upon the island, consisting of about 5(10 Sheep and Lambs, of
ilie best merino and Saxony blood; an imported Bull {full
blood North Devon); about 30 Cows and Heifers, chiefly of the
Alderney and Duriiam breeds j a yoke of Oxen, and two yoke
of Steers. Tlie horned stock arc all very superior animals,
and the butter and cheese from this dairy lias commanded the
highest prices in Bo>ton for the last three years.

Also, two MARES, four and five years old, slrcd^y Rare-
foot, of much promise; one other Mare ; — also the S wine — and
all the Farming 'J'ools.

inrThe Steamboat leaves Alton on Tuesdays, Thursdays
and Saturdays, and Centre Harbor on Mondaysj Wednesdays
an<I Fridays, and will land passengers on the i^Ianr!..

For ler-ms and conditions of sale, appi}' lo PUESCOTT &
DERBY. No. Ifi Court si. Poston.and for view of the premises
to Capt. PILSliURV, on the island. jy t

Appi.es, russets,

Rkans, while

liEKK, mess, {aew )

Cargo, iNo. 1

prime,

Heeswax, (American) ....
liUTTKU,iuapected, ISo. I, new,

CkAiN BERRIES,

Cheese, new milk

skimmed milk, ....

Feathers, northern, geese, . . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed, ^

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir. new
Raltimoie, wharl, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Coru,northern yellow, . .
southern yellow, . .

white,

Rye, (scarce) Northern,

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, beslEnglisii. . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

IIONEV,

Mops, Ist quality

id quality

Lard, Boston. Ist sort, . . , .

Southern, Lst sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" upper, , . .

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . . .

Li ME, besl,sort

Pork, Mass. inspec, extra clear, .

Navy, Mess

Bone, middlings, ....

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, northern, (none) .
Red Clover, northern, . .
WMiiteDuicii Honeysuckle

Talloav, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, ful 1 blood,wai.hed
do. 3-lihs do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, . . T .
g. r Pulled superfine,
^-p" I Isi Lambs, . • .

Il|3d' '' _ \ \ \
2; ( 1st Spinning, . . ,
;5(mrhcrn pulled woo) is generally

b nis. 1p>;s: per lb.

FKUM

barrel

2 lb

ini.shel

2 CO

barrel

10 00

"

7 bO

ti

G 0(.

pound

18

bushel

3 0(J

'■

s

"

3A

''

m

"

So

pound

y

bushel

1 37

barrel

5 00

"

6 37

d2o

"

5 25

oushel

73

'*

70

"

G'J

"

(j

"

CU

'<

40

^ tun

20 00

• '

12 00

a

13 00

gallon

30

pound

0

..

pound

8

li

171

lb.

10

pound

15

lb.

IS

pound

21

22

cask

85

barrel

17 00

"

10 00

bushel

2 37

pound

7

'*

28

cwt

7 00

pound

58

60

11

J5

it

37

It

30

li

30

ti

60

il

43

i'

SO

(i

25

45 1

3 00

2 12

7 75
6 25

14

3 2®

y
5

45

40
10

1 02
3 25

5 50

5 37

75

71

70

75

05

43

21 00

13 00

15 00

40

12

O

il

12
17
20
23
24
DO
18 00
13 50

2 50

So
7 60
62
• 55
50
42
35
40
55
46
35

48

PROVISION MARKET.

RETAIL PRICES

Hams, northern,

southern,

Pork, whole hog-s

Poultry, (uncertain) ....

i'.UTTER, (tub)

lump, new,. ....

Kofis.

Potatoes,

(^iT>ER. (accordins; to quality.) . ,

pound

Ei

10

'*

8

y

((

Ci

7

II

12

14

il

18

20

dozen

14

15

bushel

28

33

barrel

2 00

3 00

FaneuU Hall Vigdabk Market, Jul;/ 16, 1834.

na(H*;lies, 3 cents — New Onions, 6 cents — Turnips, G cents—
Lettuce. 3 CMts — Cticumhers. Irom G to 8 cIs nptccc — Peas,
51 a Imshel^SEarly York Cabbages. 75 cents per cloz.orCJcts.
apiece — Carrots. G cents a bunch — Beets, 10 cents — Strawber-
ries, 2.7 cents a bo.\ — Gooseberries, 12^ cts. a quart — Cher-
ries, I2i lo 25 CIS pr quart — Rhubarb Stalk, 8 els pr lb.

BRIGHTON m.ARKET.— MoND.tY, July 12, 1834.
Reported for the Daily Advertiser and Patriot.

.41 Blarket tliis day, 315 Beef Cattle, 20 rows and calves,
28.50 sheep, and 150 swiiie ; about 150 Beef Cattle remain un-
sold.

Prices. life/ Callle — Dull and prices much reduced;
We quote piime at 5 25 a 5 50 ; good at 4 75 a 5 ; Ihiii at 4
a 4 50.

Cowf and Ca&es— Sales were noticed al 20, 22, 25, 26*
30, 32, and §35.

f!/ifc;;_Lots were taken at 1 33, 1 42, 1 71, 1 75, 2, 2 17
2 25. 2 33, and 2 37 ; welliers at 3, and 3 25.

Bvlne — All were sold in one )ol for 9 3-4c, a pari of which
were very small ; at retail C for sows and 7 lor barrows.

8

NEW ExN GLAND FARMER.

JULY 16, 1R34.

MISCELLANY.

From the London Court Jla^aziiK.
OI YE HOURS.

SUMMER SONG, BY MRS. HEHANS.

O ! ye hours, yc sunny hours !

Floaiinghghllyby.
Are ye come with birds and llowers,

Odours, aad blue sky .'
Yes, we come again, we come,

Through the wood paths free.
Bringing many a wanderer home,

With the bird and bee.
O 1 ye hours, ye sunny hours,

Are ye wafting song?
Doth wild music strain in showers

All the groves among 1
Yes, the nighlini^ale is there,

While the starlight reigns.
Making young leaves and sweet air,

Tremble with her strains.

O ! ye hours, ye sunny hours !

In your silence flow,
Ye are mighty powers !

Bring nic bliss or woe !

Ask not this ! — oh ! ask not this !

Yield our hearts awfHle
To the soft wind's balmy kiss,

And the heaven's bright smile.
Throw not shades of anxious thought

O'er the glowing flowers !
We are come with sunshine fraught,

Question not the hours.

uliicl) we liLtif so riiucli. That ])eriiiciotis tiling
the corset, cuts short more years of human life, in
this cotjntry, than " war, pestilence famine," ami
rum coiribiiied. — LoivcH Journal.

STANZAS.

BY BET. W. 0. PljAliODT.

1 LOVE the memory of that hour

When first in youth I found thee.
For infant beauty genlly threw

A morning freshness round thee ;
A single star was rising then.

With mild and Wvcly motion,
And scarce the zei>hyr's gentle breath

Went o'er the sleeping ocean.

I love the memory of that hour —
It wakes a pensive feeling,

As when within the winding shell
The playful winds are stealing ;

II tells my heart of those bright years
Ere hope went down in sorrow.

When all the joys of yesterday,

Were painted on to-morrow.
Where art thou now 1 Thy once loved flowers

Their yellow leaves are twining,
And bright and beautiful again

That single star is shining ;
Bui where art thou ? The bended grass

A dewy stone discloses,
And love's bright footsteps print the ground

Where all our peace reposes.

Farewell 1 my tears are not for thee

'Twere weakness to deplore thee.
Or vainly mourn thine absence here

While angels half adore thee j
Thy days were few and (juickly told j

Thy short and mournful story
Hath ended like the morning star

That melts in deeper glory,

ANTI-IiACING SOCIETY.

In the rage existing at the present day for
formiog Societies for the suppression of moral and
physical evils, it seems strange to nie that nn An-
ii Tight Lacing Sorkti/ has not been thought of.
The evils of tight lacing arc of far greater magni-
tude, than those arising from iulemperance of

DAIVGER OP GIVING OPIATES TO CHILDREN.

It is remarkable, when we consider with what
unguarded rashness medicines containing npitini
are given by motliers and nurses to yomig chil-
that fatal accidents do not more frequently occur.
One instance, indeed, in which death resulted
from an over dose given by mistake, took place in
this city not long since. But from the very con-
siderable quantities of paregoric which are fre-
(luently administered, we should be inclined to in-
fer tliat the instances in which narcotistn has fol-
lowed from a very small quantity, were either not
known or not stitficiently appreciated. We have
before us some remarks which bear directly on
this point, and containing facts which ougiit to he
generally known. They were originally publisheil
in a popular English periodical, entitled " Tlie
Doctor."

A grain and a half of Dover's powder, which
contains hardly 1-6 of a grain of opimn, or even
one grain of this powder, has sometimes caused
extreme anxiety for the safely of childreu of eight
months old.

A lady was accustomed to give her children,
when they were indisposed, a tablespoonful of a
mixture of which each spoonful contained 1-6 of
a drop of laudanum, that is a sixth of a twentieth,
or 1-120 of a grain of opium. One of the chil-
dren had taken in this manner, at different times,
for slight affections, nearly an ounce of the mix-
ture in the first six weeks of existence. The in-
I'ant fell sick a second time, and the mother gave
it a spoonful in the morning and another in the
evening. After three spoonfuls taken in tuenty-
four hours, making 1-40 of a grain of opium, the
.symptoms of narcotism were developed to a degree
which alarmed both the parents and the physician.
By the proper employment of stimulants and great
care, these symptoms by degrees yielded and the
child recovered.

This shows to what extent children are suscep-
tible of narcotism from the use of 0])ium, and how
much more practitioners should be on their guard
when admiuistering this article to such delicate
subjects : it proves, moreover, that a certain state
of disease will bear the use of the remedy without
inconvenience, to an extent which a succeeding
attack, though apitarently similar, will not justify.
Although this child had borne a considerable
iiuanlity of the opiate without inconvenience, he
was unable a short time afterwards to bear one
much more feeble; and thus the preceding toler-
ance of the therapeutic agent, furnished no certain
indication for the actual power of resistance pos-
sessed by the system at the time. — Boston Medical
Journal.

and not in the farinaceous |)orlion, so that ihe
bread made with the coarsest flour is that which
contains the largest proportion of the metal. M.
Farzeau, indefatigable in his researches, wished to
ascertain the quantity of copper which, in a given
time a man would mix with his bread. Accord-
ing to his calculations, a man would eat in the
course of fifty years, 6.09 grammes — a very small
quantity in truth, and which could produce no in-
jury. The quantity of bread daily consumed in
France being IS millions of kil6granunes, there
would be consequently 10 kilog. of copper eaten
diiily, or 36o0 per year. On the other hand since
the amount of wheat necessary to feed France for
a year, is nearly 7000 millions of kilog. it results
that this quantity of wheat takes from the soil
34061 kilograiimies 800 grammes of copper — an
enormous quantity, which equally proves the
abund.ance of co[)|)er in the soil, and its extreme
minuteness of division. — Boston Medical Journal.

■H-HEAT IN THE ^VEST INDIES.

Labat in his 'Natural History of the West In-
dies,' a valuable and curious i Id hook, says — "an
inhabitant of my parish in Martinique sowed some
wheat which was brought from France ; it came
very well into leaf, hut the greater ))art of the eajts
were empty, and the others had very few corns;
but those which were born in tlie country, wlien
sown grew wonderfully, and produced the numt
beautiful ears and as well filled as yon can imagine.
Seeds must naturalize themselves to the country,
and when that is done they will produce marvel-
lously. I made an experiment with some peas
that came from France ; they produc:ed very little
the first year, the second they produced niore, but
the third they jiroduced in an cxtraorilinary man-
ner both for number, size and goodness. Radishes,
parsnips, carrots, and beets come to perfection,
especially when you sow Creole seed — tliat is,
seed born in the country." These facts may be of
great use to those who colonize.

COPPER IN VEGETABLES.

Some experiments recently made by M. Farzeau
in France, have demonstrated the presence of this
metal in the vegetables used as food. These e.x-
pcriinenls have been made with so much accura-
cy as to demonstrate the actual weight of the cop-
per in each plant. Tlie examinations show the
proportion to be, a few miligrammes of copper for
each kilogramme of the jdant. Wheat contains
4.C66 milog. of copper for the kilog. — flour only
0.666, but the copper ia contained iu the bran

GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS.

.^n c.vccllent collection of Garijkn and J'i.ower Seeds of
very best quality, in papers of (I4 cents each, constantly on hand
and for sale at New England Seed Store of

GEO. C. BARRETT.

COMPLETE SET OP THE PARMER.

One complete set of 12 V'oluines of the New England l'"arnicr
bound in cxLellont style. For sale at the Farmer Ollice. This
\sill be found to make a valual>lG Library J'or an Agriculturist.

THE NEW ENGLAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at 53 per annum
payable at the end of the year — but tliose who }>ay within
sixty days from the time of subscribing, are entitled to a deduc-
tion of iil'ly cents.

[O^ No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
Nem York — G. Thorburn & Sons, G7 Liberty-street.
Albuny — Wm. Thorburn, 31.7 Market-street.
I'hiliiiUlphia — D. it C. La.ndrkth, 85 Chesnut-street.
linltivwrt- — 1. 1. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmer.
Cinchtnati — S. C PaRKHURST,23 Lower Market-street.
Fliislihig, N. ?'.— Wm. FuiscK & Sons. Prop. Liu. Bot. Gar.
Miildlrhiinj, Vt. — Wight (.'hai'man, Merchant.
//a(7/u/'f/— Goot>^VIN & Co. Bt)okscllcrs.
Nrwhaniport — Ei!KNK/.i;R .Stkdman. Bookseller. '
I>„rlsmo„th, N. II.— i. W. FosTKR. Bookseller.
Anviisln, Me. — Wir.i.ARn Snt.ll, Druggist.
W'oodstoclc. V(.— J. A. Pratt.

Port/and. Me. — Colman, Hoi.dkn & Co. Booksellers.
Hangnr, Me. — Wm. Mann, Druggist.

ILdifa.T. ISl. S. — P.J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder,
.s'/. Louis — Geo. Holton.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Fobu & Damrell,
who execute every description of Look avd Fancy Print-
ing in Tood style, and with promptness. Orders for prim-
ing may be left with Geo. C Barrett, at the Agricul-
tural VVarehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

NEW EWGLiAWU FARMER.

PUHI.ISHKD BY CliO. C. BARRETT, NO. o^, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agriculturai. \Varehouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. xm.

BOSTON, WEBNKSDAY KVENING, JULY 23, 183^.

NO. 2,

SCJIMKR.

" Kind Naiure wakes bcrgeuinl power.
Suckles each herb, and spreads out every flower."

This is tlie soiisoii which the luverof nature con-
templates with plt-asin^' reflections and anticipu-
•tions thronjrhont the year. Wlien is the aij- so Cull
of halm ? when is tlie hreeze so tiill of health ?
when does the sun shine so cheeringly and iinop-
(iressively as now ? when is the ground so heami-
fully, so softly carpeted ? — and the trees hiinif with
such frajjrant drapery as now ? The woods are
full of melody. The azure sky seems hy the sun-
bearus hrushed of every lui.sty cloud, that airy spir-
its may more ciearly view the beauty of the great
Creator's works ; and man see mirrored in the no-
ble arch, the grandeur of the footstool of his God.

Rise with the sun, and go forth and conteujplate
the beauties of nature. Those who perniit him to
make two or three hours of his circuit before they
greet liini, must not be siu'prised if he has not a
Bijiiling sunshine for them through the day.

THE WEATHER.

The following article is from the pen of the
celebrated Dr. Adam Clarke. It is not unworthy
of attention :

From my earliest childhood I was bred up on a
little farm, which I was taught to care for and cul-
tivate ever since I was al)le to spring a rattle, use
the whip, manage the sickle, or handle the spade;
and as I found that much of our success depend-
ed on a proper knowledge and management of the
weather, I was led to study it ever since I wan \
eight years of age. I believe meteorology is a
natural science, and one of the first that is studied ,
and that every child in the country niakes, un-
taught, some progress in it; at least so it was with
me. I had actually learned, by silent observation,
to form good conjectures concerning the coming
weather, and, on this head, to teach wisdom among
those who were perfect, especially among such as
had not been obliged, like me, to watch earnestly,
that what was so necessary to the family support
should not be spoiled by the weather befiu'e it was
housed. — Jlany a time, even in tender youth, have
I watched the heavens with anxiety, examined the
different appearances of the moniiug and evening
sun, the phases of the moon, the scintillation of
the stars, the course and color of the clouds, the
fliglit of the crow and the swallow, the gandjols of
the colt, the fluttering of the ducks, and the loud
screams of the seamew — not forgetting the hue
and croaking of the frog. From the little knowl-
edge I had derived from close observation, I often
ventured to direct our agricultural operations in
reference to the coming days, and was seldom
nineh mistaken in my reckoning.

About twenty years ago, a Table, purporting to
be the work o/' the late Dr. Herschel, was various-
ly published, professing to form prognostics of the
weather, hy the times of change, fidl and quarters
of the moon. I liave carefidly consulted this table
for several years, and was amazed at its general
accuracy ; — for though long, as you have seen, en-
gaged in the study of the weather, I never thought
that any rules could be devised liable to so few
exceptions. I have made a little alteration in the
Arri»ngetaents, ilLgstrateil it with further pljiserva-

tions, and have sent it that you may insert it, as it
has hitherto been confined generally to a few al-
manacs.

A TABLE
For ForetclUntr the If'talher through all the Luna-
tions of eack Year for ei'cr.
This table ami the accompanying remarks are
the residt of many years actual observation ; the
whole being constructed on a i\\ie consideration of
the attraction of the sun and moon, in their sever-
al positions respecting the earth, and will, by sim-
ple inspection, show the observer what kimi of
weather will most probably follow the entrance of
the moon into any of its quarters, and that so near
the truth as to he seldom or never found to fail.

If the New Moon — the First Quarter — the
Full Moon — or the Last Quarter hiippens

O
O

>-' CO

C5

5 = -

!5 - lo ^
= J^o °

CO

~ ' _ l^

CD m 4- lO __ ra
i: s: M s> 3 —

"^ Z! P3

^ ^ O <5 '^ O

a;

CD

2

5

^ ;^ o

P

w

^

H

C
-^

O
>
O

CO

P3

■yio;^

-^ -=j -=3

Z; j: a

i/j C

a 2^ ?3 i/i ■ ~
S- w ^ B =-5 =• =

; JS'^

03 2 —

-=2 5

— 71

^

*? ~ — ■£

?. ?? X

Observations. 1. The nearer the time of the
Moon's Change, First Quarter, Fidl and Last Quar-
ter, are to midivighl, the fairer will the weather be
during the seven days following.

2. The space for this calculation occupies from
ten at night till two np.\t morning.

3. The nearer to j\Iid day or .Yoon, the phases
of the Moon happen, the more foul or wet weather
may be e.\pected during the next seven days.

4. The space for this calculation occupies from
ten in the forenoon to two in the afternoon. These
observations refer principally to the Summer,
though they affect Spring and Autumn nearly in
the same ratio.

5. The Moon'3 Change, — First Quarter.-^Full,

— aitd Last Quarter, happening during six of the
afternoon hours, i. e. from four to ten, may be foU
lowed by fair weather ; but this is mostly depeiH
dent oni the wind, as is noted in the table.

6. Though the weather, from a variety of irreg-
ular causes, is more uncertain in the latter part of
Autumn, the whole Winter, and the beginning of
Sifciiig; yet, in the main, the above observations
will apply to those periods also.

7. To prognosticate correctly, especially in those
cases where the wind is concerned, the observer
shoidd be within sight of a good vane, where the
four cardinal points of the heavens are correctly
placed. ■ With this precaution he will scarcely evei'
be deceived in depending on the table,

SOUNDS MADE BY INSECTS.

No insects have the power of producing sound
by the mouth ; they do not breathe through the
month, and consequently have no power of pro-
ducing sounds by that organ. The sounds are
produced either by tlie quick vibration of the
wings, or by beating on their own bodies, or other
hard substances with their mandibles or feet.
The sound of the bee is produced by the vibration
of its wings in the air. The cricket when it is
disposed to bo merry, beats time with its inandiT
bles against its head- and horny sides in the same
manner as a human being when in good spirits
or idle, drums with his fingers oii the table,
There is a sound which has often struck terror
into the s^jIs of the su|)erstitious, and which is
frequemly heard behind the ceiling, called the
death watch. This has been ascertained to be
caused by a small species of wooil beetle, and most
probably in the same way as the cricket produces
its sound, by beating witli his feet on the wood,

TILLIIVG ORCHARDS,

There are advantages and disadvantages in til,
ling an orchard. In tilled ground trees are the
most vigorous ami thrifty ; and it seems to be in !J
measure necessary to plough a few years to give
the young trees a start. Yet even.at this period
great care is required not to cut the roots with the
plough. But when the trees have acquired si.x or-
eight years growth, and the roots become extendi
ed, still greater |)recaulio» is necessary, or the in;
jury becomes serious. If is not altogether the
large roots that are so liable to be cut, for these
are often below the plough, but the innumerable
fibres that spread in eveiy dij^^ction, which escape
the ploughman's notice, but'which are literally the
mouths that convey food to the plant. My prac^
tice has been, when an orchard is to be ploughed,
to proceed first to dig the ground superficially with
the spade, about tlte tree, two or three feet in
breadth, and as many yards lengthwise of the fur»
rows, so that there shall be no balk, and to run
the plough shallow near the dug part : And where
the orchard is in grass, to dig circles round the
trees after harvest, both to facilitate growth, and
to prevent injury, in winter from moles. There
is no less caution necessary in using the spade than
the plough, to preserve the roots entire. It is «,
goo(| practice to cut the grass close with a Jioe,
and then to strew rotten chip dung, if mixeil >vit|j '
11 little lime the better, about the tjep,

10

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JTI1.Y f33, 1834.

From the AViu York Fitnticr.
ESTABLISHMENT OP THE SHAKERS AT
PITTSPIELD, MASS.

I HAVE recently visiti^d the estiililisliinetit of tlie
Sliakers or FriiMnls iit I'iltsficlil, in Mussadiiisetts,
and enjoyed tlic; liijjliest grMlificiilion in ^vilnes^^in<;
their iinprovcinc^nts, and the proofs vvliidi their
larfie farm exhibits of intellifience, inechaiiical
skill, industry, ne.-ilness, and perseverance in lahur.
1 meddle very little wi'th the religious notions of
other people ; well satisfied with uiy own, I con-
clude they are equally so with theirs ; and hound
witli the golden rule to do to others as they shoktld
do to me, I am no more disposed to encroach u|i-
on their rights, than I should be to acquiesce in
any encroachuient on my own. If I caimot ap-
prove the whole, I am willing to give them lull
credit for any part of a systcju which produces
good fruits; and this industrious, peaceahle, hon-
est, quiet, hospitable people, think as we will of
their delusions, and peculiar customs, are entitled
to kindness ami respect.

Their establishment consists of about seven
hundred acres, lying together, and is ))Ossessed by
three large families, containing upwards of three
hundred individuals, who are uidted for all the
general purposes of their Society ; but who iu
their financial concerns are separate froiri each
other. The land is not of the best descri[)tion,
being cold, wet, and unfavorable to grain ; and
their attention is mainly directed to the cultivation
of grass and garden seeds, and the keeping of
cows and sheep. Their first purpose is for their
own supply. They raise the best they can, and
they eat the best they raise ; and, though from
their temperate and careful habits their thrift is
ren)arkal)le, yet the accumulation of property is
evidently not a principal object with them.

They have various mecbauical contrivances by
which their labor is abridged or lightened. They
have made the best use of the water i)Ower which
their place furnished, and husband it with care
and economy. They have an extensive suw-uiill
carried by water, and all their fuel is cut in the
same way. A simple arrangement, which it may
nppear trifling to mention, struck me for its shrewd-
ness and good judgment: ordinarily wood is piled
horizontally, and when exposed to the weather be-
comes water-soaked and moiddy. Their billets of
wood, being sawed, were stacked up in convenient
piles, the sticks being placed upright on the end,
so that any water which fell iqion it was imme-
diately drained oft'. Alter being sawed they were
neatly put up under cover.

IJut what I most admired was their magnificent
barn, built of stone, of a circular form, three sto-
ries in height, nineiy-five feet in diaunner, and
capable, as W(dl as may be calculated, of contain-
ing from three to four huinlred tO|)S of hay. • The
carts enter in the second story ; tlie floor orulrivc
way is continued round by the wall for the whole
of the circle, so that the c;irt passi^s rnimd the
whole disiancif, and when the hay is discharged,
goes out at the same door at which it entered ;
and all the hay is deposited in the centre. Twen-
ly-four loadeil wagons may stand in the floor and
be sheltered or mdoaded at the same time. The
roof is n beautifid and curious specimen of car-
pentry ; and appears to be most securely support-
ed. In the centre of the floor there rises to the
apex of the roof a single column, as large as an
admiral's mast, around which a hollow frame of
elats is fixed, and which serves as a ventilator or

chimney, lo discharge the steam of hay, open at
the top, and protected by a small cupola against
the rain. At the same time the hay is raised tVom
ihe ground about a foot by an open floor of slats,
so that there is, while the hay is new, a constant'
circulation of air up this chimney; and one of the
friends informed me, that the steam passing from
the bavin this mode was oftentimt'S so dense, that,
to use his own expression, you could wash your
hands in it.

The arrangements for tlie cattle are in the lower
story, where every animal has its place and num-
ber, and where every cow is designated in milk or
otherwise. In this circular form there is of course
a considerable loss of room ; yet the mode of feed-
ing is easy, the place is ke|)t clean, the whole
arrangements are convenient, and the kindly treat-
ed animals standing around this huge mass have
at least the pleasure of seeing tiie good things in
store for them.

These worthy friends have singular advantages
in the amount of labor which they are able at any
time to command and apply lo any object which
they have in view ; and their establishment pre-
sents a beautiful illustration of the advantages of
well directed industry, neatness, and order. The
great rule of domestic economy, "a place for eve-
ry thing, and every thing in its place," is no where
more strikingly exenqilified ; and though they
iii.-ike no pretensions to the fine arts, and have
little of what is called taste, yet all their arrange-
ments, and the products of their labor, exhibit the
proofs of thoroughness, permanency, utility, and
substantial comfort. H. C

ers who are not friends) are about to visit New
York, we say to them, Fail not to visit prince''s f
it will cost you but fifty cents or so, to go there
from the city. It will cost you nothing lo pet
back again, for ymi will then have no wish to min-
gle wilb the bustling, jtistliiig, thoughtless, care-
less crowd that moves in Broadway. Yon will
there find a ninltiforni exhibition of the products
of distant and opposite climes, living and flourish-
ing in the most hannonioius proximity. The flow-
ers, and fruits, and shrubs, of every Zone, from
the mosses and dwarf willows of La|dand and
Spitzbergen, to the magnificent magnolias of Flor-
ida, ami the gaudy family of Callus, which claims
the torrid hills as ils birth place. If you go to
New y<u'k, go and see the Garden of the Princes
at Flushing. — Southern paper.

PRIKCE'S GARDEN AT PL.USHING.

It is stated in the New York Enquirer, that
there is now at this place a collection of Carnations
in the |)erfection of their bloom, consisting of a
thousand plants, and more than two hundred va-
rieties. Such a sight would be worth a trip to
New York, and we should certainly gratify our
flor;il propensity by making it, if times were less
troublesome, and money a little more plentiful. A
thousand carnations ! What a Paradise ! an in-
carnation of beauty and fragrance, which Lalla
Rookh might dream of witli envy, and wake in
disappointment, though reposing in the valley of
Cashmere.

By the way, there are many oiher tein|)tations
to a visit to Prince's Garden besides carnations.
His catalogue of Trees, Shrubs, Herbaceous Per-
ennials, &c. &c. fills near a hundred pages, and
embraces almost every spei'ies, and every variety
of vegetable production which the four quarters of
the wm'ld can supply. This superb eslablishment
covers more than forty acres of ground, and a man
might wander through the labyrlnihian paths and
avenues f<M' a week or a inonib, and still find
something new and beantiliil, to regale the senses,
or to lead his mind to a contemplalion of the all-
pervading power and goodness of the Creator, and
to attract .-md even extort his ailmiratimi td" that
skill which ailoriis a shrub, a flower, or a leaf with
glories such as Solomon was never able to rival,
with all his riches and splendor. A flower garden
is one of the most striking and lovely temples
which man can enict for the worship of his God.
'• Lorciizi)! to this heavoni^' Dt-lplios liasie,
Anil come back all immorlal, all divine."

Of Prince's Garden it is hardly jiossihle to speak
in terms too highly enthusiastic. If any of our
friends or readers, (and wc hcoe we have no lead-

•WHITE MULBERRY.

Experience and observation have demonstrat-
ed that the shade of mulberry trees is not injurious
to the growth of grass, grain, or any other vegeta-
ble.— This is an important discovery, and argues
powerfully in favor of the means of raising silk.

I would advise with hiniible deference, thata
every fanner procure mulberry seed, form a nur-
sery, transform all his fences into mulberry hedges,
and plant standard mulberry trees along all those
hedges, half a rod distant from each other. A
fiirm of a hundred acres fenced as above advised,
woidd in a few years yield from the fences, a crop
worih several hundred dollars! These fences
would be as chea|) as any other a farmer could
erect, would require no repairs, no renewal, so
that all the produce arising from the leaves would
be a clear |)iofir. One hundred [lonnds of leaves
would produce in this country, one pound of reel-
ed silk, if judiciously fed, worth from four to sev-
en dollars — the jirice being governed by the good
or bad reeling. A single tree will produce from
thirty to sixty pounds of leaves, depending on the.
growth of the tree, soil, &c. — Village Record.

From the A'fto York Farmer.
WILD DEER AKD RATTLE-SNAKE.

In the western parts of Virginia are dens where
the rattle-snakes and other serpents retire on the
approach of cold weather, into winter quarters,
and where in a torpid state, like others of the ser-
lieiit tribe they while away that dreary season in a
slate of insensibility to cold or hunger. In the
s|)ring, when the genial influence of the sun
quickens them into active life, they crawd forth
iVom their brumal retreats, and enjoy the ]deasures
of a renovated existence in theirown peculiar man-
ner. In their travels through the v\'oods and fields,
they generally wend their strpentine way along
ihe paths ]o-evi(]nsly made, and there not nnfre-
(piently meet v. iih travellers of a character and
species very difiirent from themselves. Among
the members ol' the .-.nimal kingdom that frequent
that district of country, is the wild deer, be-
tween whom and the rattle-snake there appears lo
subsist a most inveterMte, instinctive hatred. When
the doer in the elevated pride of his character,
moves gracefully along the path where the rattle-
snake is travelling, they both instantaneously halt
in their course, and prepare fi)r a combat which
is to terminate in the death of one or the other of
the combatants. The snake immediately coils and
pri'pares tor the fatal spring ; the deer slowly re-
cedes, and coming up with lofty but gradual
bounds, leaps with as much precision as possible

VOIj. XIII. NO. S.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

11

"se

with his liaiil and lioriiy t'fi;t ii(ioii thu serpent:
hikI it" lie miss him, piisses r;i|ii(lly on, and relniii-
ing renews the cuiitest, and attempts to spring
ii|)on him a'jaiii and a:,'aiii. Tlie serpcMit on see-
ing the deer movin<; towanls him, patiently awaits
iiis n|ipriiaoli, and as soon as he conceives him to
to be within striking distance, darts with the most
venomous intent upon him, ami if not disabled
when the deer approaches him a second anil ii
third time, the rattle-snake repeats his springs,
and if he strike the di^er, the .latter is soon pnt
hon ilu combat, swells and dies. On the contrary,
if the deer strike the ratlle-snnke with his hoofs,
the latter has his hack hone broken, and discom-
fitted expires. And it is a fact well known to ma-
ny, that those two hostile animals never separate
after they meet, mitil one of them dies. This
fact is derived orally from a former Reverend
President of a college, whose reputation tor knowl-
edge and \eraeiiy is of loo lofiy a character to be
impeached.

PII.I.AR OP ROSES.

One of the pietliist floral fancies of the [)resem
day is that of forming pillars of roses. These pil-
lars consist of roses trained on iron slakes from 12
ft. to 15ft. bigh, well painted: they form the
most durable, as well as the most |)i(tnresqne ob-
jects in garden scenery. — During the ensningsiim-
tner, I intend to make an accurate list of all the
Noisette roses that are suitable for training in this
mode. These with some of the Isle de Bourbon
varieties, added to the already nmiierous and de-
cided climbing roses, will make a magnificent dis-
play. Merely to show how a heap of clay may
become a mount of beauty, I last s|)riiig levelled
and made circular a large quantity of white and
blue clay, dug from a pit lo contain water: on
this with a small portion of dung ami pit sand to
each plant, I planted some of all the hardy climb-
ing roses. The effect is now beautiful, and anoth-
er summer it will be a mount of rose pillars each
from eight In ten feet high.

Front tfw New York Farmer.
USE OP GHOriVD CORN AND COBS.

BV MP.. OGDEN.

I HAVE been fm- sometime using corn and cobs
ground together for my cattle, and with good ef-
fect. It is an impressiou among fanners that there
are some injurious eliects arising from its use. I
will state how they may be avoided. In the first
place, the corn should be perfectly ripe. In the
second, a large ipianlily shoidd not be ground al a
time. It shoulil be kept perfectly dry, for a little
will cause the cob to mould. In the third, when
this food is used cmistaiuly, potatoes or carrots
shoulil be given two or three titnes a week.
With these precautions, the cob and corn grouiul
together, will be a wholesome and cheap food for
cattle. I give my horses eight r|uarls (ler day,
and notwithstanding they labor bard, they gain in
flesh ami perform well.

I grind my corn and cobs in the bone mill,
which will turn out many bushels in tlie course ol
an hour.

A TAVERN keeper whose house was infested
vvitli rats, resolved to try the experiment of treat-
ing them with a " glass of grog." He prepared a
pan of molasses and rum and placed it in his cel-
lar. The next morning be found fourteen ol
their ratships so essentially corned, as to be unable
to move.

ITEMS OP ECONOMV, ARTS, &c.

Poison by hi/ — is said to be of an acid nature,
and alkalies are recommended as remedies for it.
Lime water, ley obtained from wood ashes, or
weak solulions of pot or pearl ash will therefore
he good applications in cases of poison by ivy.
Soft soap and cold water is likewise useful in such
cases.

Poison of Dogwood. The poison of dogwood is
of an alkaline nature, and of course its remedy may
be found in acids. A strong solution of copperas
water has been recommended by several writers in
the New England Farmer as a wash for the parts
affected by the poison of dogwood. A decoction
of hemlock bark, and bathing the poisoned limb
with new rum have likewise been lecouuneniled.

To boil Peas or Beans. That dry peas or beans
may readily boil soft in hard water, throw a small
quantity of sub-carbonate of soda (common soda of
ihe shops), into the vessel in whici; the dry seeds
are put to boil.

To keep Plums and Peaches fresh through the
Yitar. — Keat well up together equal quantities of
honey and spring water; pour the mixture into an
earlhen vessel ; put in the fruits all freshly gather-
ed, and cover ihem up quite close. When any of
the fruit is taken out, wash it in cold v\ater, and it
will be fit for iminediate use.

Preservation of Skins. 3. Stutgard, tanner at
Tyman, in Hungary, completely preserves raw
hides from putrefaction, and restores those that
are tainted, by applying to them with a brush, a
layer of pyroligneous acid. They absorb it very
speedily, and ii occasions no injury nor diininu-
tioD of their value. — Reseriil Industrielle.

Svgrtr from Potatoes. The Cleaveland (Ohio)
Advertiser of Aug. 22, says that a small quantity
of molasses was brought to that village last week,
from Medina county, manufactured from potatoes.
Eleven quarts of thick molasses was jirocured
from a bushel and three pecks of potatoes. The
flavor is pleasant and the article equal in every
respect to West India molasses. The process of
manufacturing is said to be simple, and not expen-
sive.

To remove a Hard Coating or Crust from Glass
and Porcelain Vessels. — It often happens that glass
vessels, used as pots for flowers and other pur-
poses, receive an unsightly deposit or crust, hard
to be removed by scouring or rubbing. The best
method to take it off is to wash it with a little di-
luted muriatic acid. This acts upon it and loosens
it very speedily. — A'". Y. Farmer.

Timber growing in open land, or on the bor-
ders of woods is the best. Timber growing on
dry land has less sap and is more solid than that
growing in swamps. Elm and beech are good
and durable under water: Elm holds a nail bet-
ter in water than any other timber. Evergreens
decay externally, oak, chesnut and maple decay
first internally. The sap or white-wood of wal-
nut is tough, the heart brittle.

To restore the growth of Hair which has fallen
oft", a solution of tartrite of antimony of the strength
of five grains to an ounce of distilled water applied
three times a day has been found effectual when
the surfiice was not already inflamed, in which
last case application of leeches has been followed
with growth of hair on the bald places.

From common oranges, cut through the middle
while green, dried in the air, and steeped forty
days in oil, the Arab old women prepare an es-

sence famous fur restoring a fresh black color to
grey hairs.

Enamel is made of powdered glass, oxide of
lead, and tin. and salt of tartar, with colored sub-
stances.

A caudle makes a distinct flame in the flame of
alcohol.

The explosive force of gunpowder as compared
with the pressme of the atmosphere, is estimated
at from 1000 to 2000 atmospberijs.

Gunpowder does not explode by heat at less
than 6000 of Fahrenheit. Its force of explosion
when closely confined is 6 1-2 tons to a square
inch. When the air is dry it discharges a bullet
1800 feet in a second, and when very damp but
1200 feet.

Ten parts of tin and 1000 of copper make gun
metal for brass guns.

The human nails are coagulated albumen and
phosphate of lime.

Four grains of opium are equivalent to 100
drops of laudanum.

Opodeldoc is a solution of soap in alcohol, with
camphor and volatile oil.

Pearls consist of concentric layers of carbonate
of lime and membrane.

Salt cracks in the fire, owing to water in it be-
ing converted into vapor.

Soda-water is made by combining S times its
bulk of carbonic acid gas, formed in the process,
from a carbonate oflime and dilute sulphuric acid,
to which is added some carbonate of soda.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

KXHIBITIOIV OP F1.0WERS.

Saturday, July 19th, 1834.

Thomas Mason, CharlestownVineyard — variety
of Carnations, Dahlias, Anemones, Hydrangia,
Agapanthus uinbellatus, Alcea rosea nigra and lu-
lea. Moss Roses, &c.

S. Walker, Roxbury — Dahlias, Picolees, Dian-
thus su[)erbus. Lychnis chalcedonica. Delphinium
grandiflora, Rosa multiflora, Cimicifuga fcEtida,
Campanula, SpiiEes, &c. &c.

HovEYS — Malope grandiflora, a new annual.

S. A. Shhrtleff — variety of Dahlias.

J. Richardson, Dorchester — specimens of Gre-
ville rose, much admired.

J. T. Buckingham, Cambridge — Papaver, hy-
bridium, album, coccineum, carneum, flore pleno,
frimbriatuni, variegatum, and caucasicum.

WiNSHiPS — many kinds.

By order of the Committee,

JoNA. WiNSHip, Cbairman.

PRUITS EXHIBITED.

Peaches. — A basket of splendid rare-ripe Peach-
es from \l.. Breed, Charlestown.

Gooseberries. Yellow Walnut, Roaring Lion,
and Hopeley's Globe, from A. Haughton, Jr. Lynn.

A fine specimen of the Whitesmith, from S. A.
Shurtleff, Boston.

A fine specimen of Hopeley's Globe and Roaring
Lion, 6 of which weighed 2 oz. 18 dwts. Troy,
from S. Walker, Roxbury.

A fine specimen of Green Ocean (very hand-
some, and nearly equalling Mr. Walker's in weight,)
irorn S. Pond, Camhridgeport.

Raspberries. — A new variety called the Grape,
very prolific, from T. Mason, Charlestown.
For the Committee,

B. V. French.

12

NEW ENCLAND FARMER,

Jrl-Y 23, 1834.

THE REIiATIVE PLEASURES AND PROFITS
OP AGRICULTURE.

To Iht Editor of the (Quarterly Journal of .Agriculture.
SiK, — I liiivu received your letter of llie 15tli of
March, and regret lliiit neither my experience or
Bl)iiity is adetinale to do justice to tile various top-
ics you liave intimated relating to the siUyect of
agriculture.

Since you have paid ine the compliment to con-
eulc my opinions, I will endeavor hrielly to state
them, in a manner which will suhstantially consti-
tute a reply to your several inquiries.

The pursuit of hiishandry has not yet attained
to the rank to which it is entitled in the northern
jjortion of the United States — a rank which is con-
ceded to it in some other sections of our country,
and among the most enlightened nations of Eu-
rope. This circumstance will ser\e to retard
advances in this most usefid avocation, which
a liigher estimate on the part of the enlighten-
cil classes of our citizens could not fail to cre-
ate. Yet it cannot he douhted that this depart-
ment of life will more and mm-e he sought for its
intrinsic advantages, )n'esentiiig as it docs a health-
ful occupation to mind and hody, and a staliility
Avhich no other pursuit can equal. It might .seem
invidious to institute comparisons among the seve-
ral occupations incident to civilized life. Let it
suffice that each has its appropriate usefulness,
mid that husliandry is not tlie least usefiil or least
lionorahle among lliem. Many illustrious men
have home testimony to the diversified plea.sure of
rural life, and that it affords occupation to the
most enlarged capacity.

In reply to the question, whether " capital may
lie properly iiueslcd in cultivated land," I confi-
dently answer it rini ; and I am oftlie opinion, that
in no other way can a moderate fortune he so profit-
ably employed. In adopting this conclusion I am
supposing the ohjects to he safety, productiveness,
comfortahle life, pleasant occupation, the educa-
tion of chihiren, and the transmission of property
to descendants.

It may on a supeificial view appear paradoxical,
that the cultivation of land can compete in profits
with the adventures of commerce, or the opera-
tions of machinery. It is the greater uniforirdty
in the products of land, contrasted with the ever
fluctuating character of connnerce and inaimfac-
tnres, which estahlishes the point in question. II'
it he true, as is as.sertcd, that our own country
every twenty years witnesses the insolvency of the
whole aggregate trading Ijaternity, what does it
not argne in favor of a pursuit in which a inai]
need nevcM' fail ?

The hahits of expense engendered liy commerce
constitute a heavy annual levy upon the income of
the prosperous merchant. Those hahits are too
likely to sm-vive the prosperity which fostered
them, than which a more ileplorahle condition
cannot well he imagined. But he who resides on
a landed estate, and practises assiduity, and e\iii-
ces the intelligence of the merchant, the nuunifac-
tiirer or professional man, may sustain himsell
during periods of depression without a dimimilion
of capital at any rate. His hahits are frugal, which
is equivalent to wealth ; his daily occupation is a
lesson of economy, a term seldom addresseil and
never palatahle to American ears, a virtue as far
removed from meanness as it is from prodigality,
the more general practice of which coidd not tidi
to give greater stahility to private and puhlie pros-
perity.

The trading classes usually incur dehts heyoud
the ca[)ital possessc-d hy them, and frequently credit
alone is the expedient relied upon. The farmer of
even small possession need incur no debts; this
dift'erence is vital, and gives to the land proprietor
a guarantee of success and certainty which other
classes cannot possf^ss. My object in the preced-
ing remarks is to im-ulcate the idea that to those
who are in circumstances to elect their mode of
life, agricultural |UM'suits are most eligible. But
in order to succeed in husbandry in the condition
of things existing among ns, the proprietor must
vigilantly comluct his own atiairs ; he may hire
men to labor, hut he (!annot so readily hire them
to think. A man with ns, who has a respectable
capacity, will become a small propiietor rather
than a hireling. Agricidture is not an amusenunt,
more than law or commerce are such ; and what
lawyer or merchant coidd dream of success while
leading a life of idleness or pleasure.

Agriculture is not incompatible with mental cul-
tivation ; it is favorable to virtue, as the farmer
knows nothing of the strifes and rivalries, which
grow out of competition in other pursuits, and
which lead men to look with an evil eye n|)on the
prosperity or skill of a neighbor. The country
resident escapes many of the lime-destroying friv-
olities of the town, and, on the other hand, has
fewer of the social advantages which comluce to
refinement. These things may be oiTset to the
freedom and healthfulnessof rural existence, where
man draws less of his satisfaction from others, and
more from himself and the works of God, divested
of the conventional rides which constitute an arti-
ficial existence.

There is one part of your letter which I deem
it important to notice, the most practical part, and
relates to the articles of culture which an agricul-
turist should select as his own, among the many.

In determining the objects of culture which a
person attempting farming should select as primary,
the circumstances of soil, jiosition, and the price of
land, should govern. In western New-York, wheat
is the great staple, for the reason that much of the
soil of that region is well adapted to its prodnc
lion. The Hudson river counties, on the contrary,
seem hy the variety of soil to be favorable to the
dairy, wool-growing, and stock generally, as also
to the growth of all the grains produced in a north-
ern latitude.

AVbaj is denominated cnnvertihle husbandry, or
rot.ation of ('rops, is the improved feature in mod-
ern husbai'idry, as it conduces to tlie constant im-
provement of laud ; and while it diminishes labor
it increases piodui'ts. Neither grazing or cropping
(jxclusively can be deemed judicious, as botli when
combined are admirably calculated to aid each
olhcr, the former su|!plying manures to give a
profitalile effect to the operations of the phnigh ;
and besides, the regular employment given to la-
borers at all seasons, by uniting the dilfercnt parts
into one system, is an advantage which every econ-
omist will appreciate.

In conclusion, I would decidedly discourage
anialenr farming, as it usually is brief in its histo-
ry, and disastrous in its results. But to such as
seek rational employment where n comparative in-
dependence may he enjoyed, I would recommend
agriculture.

If I may be allowed to speak of my individual
underlakiiigs, I would say that in an investment ol
a large sum in the course of a few years, in lands,
improvements, and animals, coniinenced in inex-

perii'iice, and misdirected hy ignorance, my aiiti^
ci|)iitions of profit have not been disappointed.
The nature and magnitude of the trust have tied
my attention to its accomplishment, and I have
the satisfaction of finding my income yearly in-
creasing, and my expenditures diminishing.

I am, sir, yours, &c. IIk.>ry W. Delavan.
Ballston, May 1, 1834.

i'Vojit Ihf Cultivator.
PASTURES.

It is now a well settled o|iinion, among goorl
farmers, that lands generally, cannot be profitably
improved, for a course of years, either for meadow
or tillage crojis alone ; but that the product and
profits in both cases are materially increased, by
changing from one to the other alternately. Con-
stant tillage exhausts more than the manure of the
farm can restore ; while in the meadows the bur-
then of the hay annually diminishes, the soil be-
comes compact and hard, the benign influence of
heat and air are partially excluded from it, the
finer grasses run out, and their place is naturally
usurped by moss and a stinted herbage. Besides
alternation seems to he among the primary laws of
nature. We all know the importance of alternat-
ing our tillage crops ; that a field will not carry
the same grain or kind of roots, two or more years
in successiim without great expense in manuring,
or constant diminution in iirodnct ; and that mead-
ows after two or three years from being laid down
manifestly decrease in their product.

The same law that renders alternation of grain
and grass essential, applies with equal force to
our jiaslnres, although the opinion has prevailed
and with most persons is still popular, that old
[lastnres are the best. To satisfy any farmer of the
error of his opinion, let liim appropriate an acre
of old, and an acre of new pasture recently laid
down to hay. If the land is of similar quality, he
will find that the new will give him twoor three and
probably four times as much hay as the old. The
same difference that we find in the hay, nmst ex-
ist in the pasture. The disparity appears not only
in the quantity, hut in the quality and duration.
From the soil being more permeable to heat .-md
air, the active agents of vegetable deconqiosilion
and nutrition, the grass starts earlier in the spring,
when in most demand, and continues to grow long-
er in antiunn, in the new than in the old pasture.
The plough and harrow and a change of crops,
are as necessary to renovate pasture as they arc to
renovate meailow grounds. In noticing the mod-
ern system of Scotch farming in a recent work,
we observed that on a farm i^f five hundred acres,
there was not an acre of grass in pasture or mead-
ow, which had been laiil down more than two
years.

As pertinent to the subject, we make the follow-
ing extracts from a comnumicaiion of Mr. Blain, in
the Alarch number of the Edinburgh Quarterly
.Journal of Agricullme.

" Struck when a boy with delight at the ever-
green meadows of Doncaster, and the freshness in
the dead of winter, of the fields near London, I
could not in settling in the north, help coutrasling

these with a feeling almost bordering on disgust

—with our witty-browji grass parks of Scotland,
weariii"' in many places .-i pale blue tint till the
bi'uinning of June, or imtVed off in the newspapers
as aflbrding a ' full bite' in the middle of May.
I said to myself, ' cannot industry and exertion
[uoduce a change in otjr grass lands ? Perhaps

Vol.. xlii. NO. a.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

13

we ciuinol expuct to vie witli Duiicaster or Loii-
diiii, liut still something may be done.' So doffing
the gay soldier's coat, and putting on the liodden
grey, I set to work, to try if fine pasture could not
he got in Scotland. — Long did 1 toil at top dress-
ing,— all the never-failing, oft-recommended re-
cipes of this compound and that compound, I tried
in vain, — peat-earth in all the varied shapes of
mixture with lime and dung, soot, composts with
scraping.? of ditches or other matter — all these I
tried in various ways. I exhausted the pharma-
copeia of agricidtnral ipiacks ; and soon found out
that withotit the aid of plough and harrow, noth-
ing could he (lone — in otiicr words ilie grouuil
must he put in good heart before you can liavu
good grass.

" Well, that being done, I had fine grass : hut
it grew bad again ; it was not fine permanent pas-
ture. I had recourse once more to llje old system
of top-dressing, and of course improved tlie pas-
ture, but again it fell off. By this time I had be-
fore my eyes the palpable fact, that new laid down
grass was good, and that, do what 1 would, old
grass could not be made to bring the same rent.

" It a|ipears to jue, that only on certain soils
and sitiiaiiuns, that pasture can he allowed to re-
main without great loss ; that such situations are
flat meadows, or the neighborlioud of rivers or
streams, rich in alluvial soil, and the natural hab-
itat of the pasture plants, or in the vicinity ol'
large towns, where manure has been ajjplied till
the ground coidd not bring a grain crop to ujaturi-
ty ; and that oii all other situations recourse must
be had to the plough, as soon as failure in the
grass crop takes place ; and the breaking up will
entirely depend on the quality of the land, and
manner which it has been treated, there being no
such true imerring- guide to the quality of the land,
as the length of time it can he profitably left in
l)asture. . Little need be said on the unprofitable-
ness of old pasture to the actual farmer. There
is little old grass to he found on the farm of a man
who has rent to jiay. Have you never remarked
the difference of rent tliat is given l)y a grazier or
liutcher, for a field of new, and a field of old
grass ? Have you ever put the question to your-
self, why is this ? I shall give you the answer:
Let both fields be shut up and cut for bay, weigh
the ])rodiice, see the great dilierence in favor of
I the new grass, and the secret is out. Still keep
\the cattle from the field ; look at tlie new grass,
iiow soon the aftermath springs ! Well then, is
lot the overplus of the liay that which would have
l-d so many more cattle ? and yet people prate
bout old grass.

"Not only is the produce of tm acre of new
gfiss, far greater than that of an acre of old, but
its more paliifible to the cattle, ami, as far as 1
h;ie been able to observe, exactly in the ratio of
tlUage of the grass. An ex.nnple of this came
lat>V imder my eye: A tradesman occupied a
tiehwhich he cultivated regularly — breaking up a
bit, reen cropping it the following year, and then
sowic_r it down, after which he pastured it by
weth-iiiir Ilia beasts. The man leaving the place,
I cauiil some hurdles (fence) to be put arouiid
the biiiot in grass, and left the rest of the field in
pastur Xlie cattle during the whole of summer,
ate tiitimv grass to the very e;trtli, and did not
taste tb older until the force of hunger made them
do so. fext season the bit which had been hurd-
led oft Vg sown ; and was allowed to go with the
rest of tlltield. The very same thing took place.

the new grass was first eaten, and then that which
was older, I had nn opportunity of observing
last sunnner, the marked preference which sheep
give to young grass, compared with old, by put-
ting cattle into two fields, separiilcd by a fence
only — one very fijie grass of some years standing,
the other only three years old, and pulling out
some of the lower rails of a coimnmiicating gate,
perjnitted forty sheep to j)ass through, and pasture
in whichever field they pleased. The result was
they were constantly to be foinid in the field of
younger grass, an<l very seldom went into the old
grass enclosure. At last I was forced to shut
them into the old grass, finding they were reduc-
ing the feed in the one, and leaving too much in
the other. Be it always remendiereil that fand
must be well laid down. If grass however new,
he growing on poor land, or wet, or on land that
has been badly cleared, cattle do not relish it. I
have .seen frequent instances of this. More par-
ticularly do they dislike pasturing on foul land.

" Having now broached the subject, I would
not for the i)resent at least, pursue it any farther;
hut ere I take my leave, 1 would in the first place
state, in corroboration of what I have been endeav-
oring to maintain, that by following the breaking
up system instead of the top-dressing one, I have
not only altered the verdure, but 1 have increased
the rent of the old grass lawn on my farm from
three to five fold. Li conclusion I would make a
brief recapitulation of my sentinients : I maintain
tliat except a fevv favored spots on the banks of
rivers, &c. no ground can without loss be left
long in pasture ; that it appears to me four or five
years is generally speaking, the longest period land
should be allowed to lie in grass ; that is, if pasture
be the object, at the end of that time, the groimd
should be broken up and returned to grass again.
I maintain that without grass, severely cropped
laml cannot be restored to fidl fertility ; and ivith-
oul cropping grass cannot be made to continue at
the maximum point of utility and verdiu'e."

From the N, Y. Farmer.
OHIO C03IPA1VY FOR IMPOUTINS CATTI.E.

Our correspondent F. E. R. has sent us the sub-
joined article, taken from the Chillieothe Adverti-
ser. We are pleased to record exertions so spirit-
e<l and liberal to iin|)rove our stock of cattle. It
is very probable, too, that the Inqiroved Short
Horns will he suitable for the fertile and rich
lands of the West. For this section of the coun-
try, and for all New-Englaud, we are persuaded it
will not answer to invest capital in this breeil at
high prices.

The following is an extract of a letter from Felix
Uenick, Esq. to liis brother in this place, dated

"Liverpool, (England), 30th April, 1834.

" I returtied to this place the day before yester-
day, after a pretty thorough cxajniu.'itiou of all the
best stocks of short horned cattle in Yorkshire and
Durham, and have been considerably disappointed
in finding so few of the best kind of cattle ; their
slocks liaie evidently been "going back," as they
call it here, for several years, in consequence of a
depression in price, &C.

" We have purchased fourteen head of the best
cattle we conhl find, and have had to pay very
high for them, as 1 ihiidi it is entirely useless to
import any hut the best kind, with an indisputable
pedigree, and they are scarce and dear. We have
paid various |)rices according to their qualtiy and
[mrity of blood, which is much looked to here,

and they are valued accordingly. We have paid
froiri 30 to 150 guineas for those which we liave
purchased. The cattle purchased by us, in our
opinion, (as well as that of all the best judges that
we have seen) are superior to any in England
with the exception of one.

Some of the cattle purchased by ns took the
premiuma at the Otiey Agricultlual Fair. We are
now so far advanced with our purchases as to be
ready for shipping at any time, and my object in
returning here was to procure vessels to take them
out.

I parted with Josiah Renick and Edwin J. Har-
ness a few days ago at Leeds. They proceed to
London and Paris. They will |)robably return
through Herefordshire, and look at some of the
Hereford Ileds, as they are called, and some of the
Devons; but from any thing I have seen, and all
the information I can get, 1 do not believe it will
he right to import any other than Short Horns ;
or Durhams as we call then). The best cattle
here are all kiiown as the improved breed of Short
Horns ; and as it respects the Long Horns, that
were formerly so much admired by us, I do not
believe there is any stock of that kind in England ;
there are still some bred in Ireland, and purchas-
ed in England, to bring up some of their Short
Horned calves, for they never let them suck their
dams, but either raise them by hand or by nurses.
The Long Horns have dwindled comparatively to
nothinj;.

OI.D APPLES.

Mr. Levi Tucker, of Cummingham, Mass. Lag
sent us three Koxbiiry Russets, which have been
kept through two winters and ojie sunmier, — indry
sand. The fruit was sound and but little shiivel-
ed, and bad the freshness and flavor of last year's
crop. Might not this mode of preserving winter
apples and pears, be adopted on a large scale with
profit .' It certainly might if they comtnanded
the |)rice here they do in the London Market. The
Gardener's Magazine for April, quotes Newtou
pippins at 10 to l-2s ($2.22 to 2.S6) per bushel—
Nonpareils at 11 to 2Z 10s ($4.44 to 11.10) per bush-
el, and pears at 4 to Gs per dozen. — -Cultivator.

AVATBRIKG ISABEI.I.A GRAPE VIJTES.

Some years past a gentleman recommended, at
a meeting of the New- York Horticulturni Society,
plentiful watering of the native grapes just as they
begin to change their color after obtaining a full
size. Mr. Aymar, of this city, has tried it for two
or three years. He cuts a trench near the stem,
ami keeps it well siqiplied with water, principally
from the wash of the kitchen. Mr. A. says it im-
proves the flavor of the grapes, and makes them
more melting, like the foreign. — .V. 1'. Farmer.

NATIVE GRAPES.

The following is the testimony of N. Longworth,
Esq. one of the most extensive vine growers in
ibis country : The Catawba is superior as a wine
and table grape to the Isabella, ami matures its
fruit better though a less abundant bearer. We
have native grapes in most of our States, could a
selection be made, that would leave us little cause
to regret that foreign grapes succeeded so hadly
with us.

Merit. True merit is like a river, the deeper it
is the less noise it makes.

14

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JCI-T 93, J«P4.

NEW ENGLAND F A R 31 E R.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 23, lf!34.

COMMUNICATIONS.

The above is a representation of that very useful but
too much neglected machine, tlie Roller. It is formed
after a model first oonstructed by Eltas Phinney, Esq.
of Lexiujiton, Mass. figured and described in the New
England Fanner, vol. ix, p. ■22, and in Fessenden's Com-
plete Farmer, p. 348. This implement is 6 feet in length,
and 5 feet in diameter. It turns on an iron axis of the
same length, by 1 1-2 inches in diameter, is of two parts
of 3 feet each.

Mr. Piiinney says that this roller presents the follow-
ing among other advantages : " If the ground be very
mellow a small roller is apt to draw it into ridges, the
sjnall stones to be crowded into heaps before it, rather
than pressed into the eaith, wliere they lie, and the sur-
face consequently left uneven ; and when used upon the
ground in the spring of the year, which had been sown
with grass seed the fall previous, the roots of the tender
plants are often injured by its teiulency to drag rather
than to roll over the ground. These difficulties are all
cureil by enlarging the diameter. The large roller also
moves easier, and the weight falling more directly on the
small stones, they are butter pressed into the earth ; the
lumps of earth more finely broken, and the surface much
smoother."

In a vnlual)le pa])Br "on the uses and value of the rol-
ler," by John Lowf.ll, Esq. publislied in the JVew Eng-
land Farmer, vol. vi, p. 147, the writer oliserves " On
grain and grass lands 1 apply the roller in the Spring
after the sowing, but not until the surface has become so
hard and dry that the horse's hoof shall not penetrate the
soil too deeply. I precede the rolling with a light har-
row uidoacUul, never fearing the occasional dislodgnii-nt
of the plants. I then follow with the roller, though the
plants are ofu;n four or fivo inches high. The roller
then settles tlie roots firjuly in the ground, which had
been raised by the preceding winter's frost, and in one
■week I perceive the lienehcial effects of the roller, though
its first anil innnediale efl'ect seems to those miaccustom-
ed to its use, pernicious and destructive. The roller 1
have used has beim of freestone, 18 inches in diameter
and 3 1-2 feet in length ; its weight I should suppose
could not l)e less than .500 lbs. at the least; but as such
rollers cannot lio ('asily procnre<l, a smooth log of 18 in-
ches in diameter, or a plank one of two feet will answer
equally v\ell, having diri^clly over the axis a box filled
with stones to smdi a weight as a conunou horse can
conveniently drag over an nudulaiing surface. This cim
only be settled by eacli individual, according to the
fltreiigth of his horse, and the inequality of the groimd of
which every man on the sjiot can alone be the competent
judge.

" I have no hesitation to say that anjong all the im-
provements of modern husbandry the roller holils iUi iiu-
i)o;la!)t and almost indispensable place."

For the New-Evglajid Farmer.

Mr. Fessenden — Your correspondent "A Dor-
chester Farmer" may be plea.sed to learn that if
his " I'omine de Terre" l>e dead, as he supposed,
it neither sud'ered of "a rose in aromatic jiain"
nor was smothered among Dahlias. No, sir, our
"apple of the earth" sustained the dignity of a
" Lord of acres" among his brothers tuherosa of
the Dahlia tribe; a true disciple of the utilitarian
school, he seemed proudly conscious that altliongli
they found more favor in the eyes of some, many
more were desirous of favor in his eyes: it was
consigned to the hands of a practical and carefid
cidtivator, who placed it " beneatli tlie sod," ami
although dead, the vital part has gernnnated de
nouveau, and gives promise that its progress may
not disappoint the hopes of its friends, and par-
ticularly those of the valued member and benefac-
tor of the Society in whose charge he was pleased
to place it, of this a report iji due time may be ex-
pectecf. A Cultivator.

July 19.

For the New Englmnd Farvier.
COAV CABBAGE.

Plymouth, July ISth, 1834.

Mr. Fkssexcen — Dear Sir, It is not a very
pleas:uit duty to comply with your request in the
last f'armer respecting the Cow Cabbage concern.
I have merely to say that the plant has proved to
be a worthless article. I distributed a very con-
siderable quantity of the seed produced the first
year, and I believe in every inst.iiue in New Eng-
lanil it degenerated to such a degree as to disap-
point expectation, and its cultivation was relin-
quished. But the letter which I published on the
subject gained for me quite a flattering 7}oloriely.
It was noticed in various parts of the United States,
and I soon found myself involved in an extensive
correspondence which I believe however was pro-
ductive of little profit to either |)arty. Some of
the letters came post paid, others tujt. When I
sent seed to the western and southern states, I re-
ijnested to be informed of the nisult of the trials
in those climates, but ihcy disappointed me in ev-
ery instance. The last letter which I received
came to me at 2.5 cents postage, the writer stated
that he had seated himself on a new plantation,
ami having beard irmch in favor of Cow Cabbage
ti)r winter loilder, he would be glad if the Doctor
would send him some seed for trial, but it ujiglit
be sent part of the distance by water and he woidil
pay the expense. Upon the whole, Mr. Editor,
the Cow Cabbage concern has been one of my
poorest speculations.

I iuii with respect your humble servt.

James Thaciier.

From the Farmer and Gardener.
GAMA GRASS.
George Landvoigt, gardener to the establish-
ment connected with the Farmer and Gardener,
has succeeded in sprouting the Gama Grass Seed
in four days, by a method we believe to be entire-
ly new ; ami from its coiriplete success in this in-
stance, it is a plausible conclusion that the same
method will be found equally benefici.d in forward-
ing the vegetation of other seeds. The gama grass
seed has always been very slow in vegetating, and
in some instances baa lain twelve or fourteen
months in the ground before the young plant has
made its appearance.

His plan of treatment was this : 'l;ike
proof spirits one quart, plaster of paris a
double handful, or sufticicnl to nnd;e it ot"
the consistence of thin whitewash ; set it
by the fire and keep it milk-warm for twen-
ty-four hours ; then sow it in ground well
prepared, an<l protect it from the heat of
the sun in a hot day, or from the cold of
such nights as we have had during this ex-
periment, by a grass mat.

]>y this methoil the seeds sprouted ami
came up in four days ; and have continued,;
notwithstanding the extremely cold weather
we have had, to grow finely. Plants thus
raised are to be set out at a distance of lv\o
feet each way, and in a short lime the
ground will be entirely covered with the
grass.

It is highly probable that thorn seed,
peach stones, and all other seeds covered
with hard coats, may be sprouted in the
same way with greater facility and cert.nin-
ty than they have heretofore been done.

PRESERVATION OP POTATOES.

The last number of the Journal of Agri-
culture, coutains some remarks on the preti-
ervation of potatoes. Tlie tubers "are peel-
ed, rasped, and put into a coarse cloth be-
tween two hoards in a press, and pressed
into a cake and then dried." In the juice
escaping some starch is Ibund. "The cake
w ill keep nearly three years perfectly sweet."
This operation on a large scale will convert
that useful, luit perisb.-ible root into a per-
manent supply for the kilclieii,the stable or
feeding pyre.

ITEMS OF laiTELLIGEIVCE.

Edenton, July '.). — On Tuesday last, the Coron-
er of Cliowan county held an inquest over the
body of Mrs. Ward, who was found dead in her
dwelling, about 20 miles above Edenton. Ver-
dict of llie Jury — " that she came to lier death ia
consequence ot blows inflicted by her liusband,
Micajah Ward, whde in a state of intoxication.
Ward has, we understand, made his escape. This,
we regret to say, is tlie second case tliat has come
to our knowledge within a few weeks, in whicli
ardent spirits has been the immediate cause of the
destruction of liuman life.

Nott's Stoves — Lcgul Decision. The sui'
pending between Dr. Nott and Mr. James Wi!
son in the United States Court, a special referenc
ot which for the ascertainment of the facts in li
case, was made to the late Cliief Justice Speno',
Mr. Justice Woodruff, and Mr. Joseph CurS,
af\er a full and protracted hearing, lias been ui-n-
imously decided in favor of Dr. Nott. This i'he
second decision had on the same side ; andon-
sidering the great respectability of the rerees
and the length of time occupied in the hefing,
and in the making of their decision, the q-sliou
of right may be considered as put at rest.-'^'- 1 •
paj/er.

Wheat Crop. The prospects for tl vvhcat
crops in the country have greatly improv* during
the last tliree weeks. The wheat fic^ gener-
ally have an uncommonly fine appeance, and
promise tlie fanners an abundant har'st. Tlic
crop of grass also promises to be -'y abun-
dant — Pounh. Eagle.

VOIi. XIXU KO. 3.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

15

2Vtc Crops. From every part of tlie country we re-
<*('ive the ninst cheering accounts. Excepting the frosts
in May, and they wore not so disastrouy as was expect-
ed, tlie season has been unusually favorable for almost
every species of vegetation. Small grain lias turned out
unusually fine, and cotton and corn give promise of plen-
ty. We do not recollect ever to have heard so general
and uniform expression of satisfaction among our agri-
culturists, as at present appearances. — JS'ashviUe Rtpab.

The Battle of Bunker Hill was celebrated at Ipswich
in a novel and deliglitful manner. A number of youn^
men raised a subsciiption and invited, s^Il the old soldiers
of the Revolution In the town to partake of a collalion.
The number present was twenty-«even. The aggregate
of their ages was upwards of 2100 yeais; thus making
their average age W. Nine were present at the Battle
of Bunker Hill. The .old soldiers were in excellent
spirits, and delighted with the kindnesb and respect
shown them by tiie young men.

Eight hundred young men of Lowell, have pledged
themselves to total and entire abstinence from alcoholic
vinous, and fermented liquors. They denominate their
association the ** Lowell Total Abstinence Society."

Beat this who can .' Mr. Oliver Emerson of this town
struck on Saturday last, at his brick yard, one hundred
and fighttj bricks in the short space of five minutes.
These bricks were struck by hand, and exhibited as good
an appearance when deposited upon the bed as those
made at the ordinary rate. Two active young men
were kept upon a run in discharging the moulds as he
filled them. The bricks in their wet state, will average
five pounds each, making an amount of nine hundred
pounds of clay handled and handsomely moulded in five
minutes! The ordinary rate of producing brick by
hand, is about fifty in the same space of time. — jV. H.
Spectator.

SUPERIOR TUKNIP SEED.

Wm. I'kinck. ANii Sons, prnprieiors of the
LiniKTaii Gaidttii and Nurseries at Vliislimir, have

all ihe followinjj varieties ot'TUUNIi'S a;rn\vii(^

for the iiispectioii oC those who dt'.sire to view them, and iliey
can ill conseqiiem-e gnaranlee die exceMenre and accuracy ol
their seeds, which ihev otl'er in lar^^e or small quaiuiliesat very
moderate prices, to venders and all olliers.

600 lbs. Ruta Baga, or Swedish Turnip, of the superior

purple lop varipiv.
400 lbs. Lar2;e Wliiie Norlblk field, for cattle.
200 !bs. Lnr^o Yellow Bullock, f<.r caiile.
\ 200 lbs. Ffiie Yellow Aher.lceii, for catile.
1 150 lbs. Yellow F!ai, for table.

300 lbs. While Flal. for table and caiile.
250 lbs. While Globe.
250 lbs. Rod Top, or Rr<i Round.
HO lbs. Green Top, or Grenn Rmnid.
100 Ihs. Lonff Tankard rr Hanover.
150 lbs. Farly While G.irden Siune.
200 lb<!. Early White Dniih.
I(l0 11>s. Krirrv!Yelluw l>;ilch.
10(» lbs. Purple 'i'np, Yellow Scolch.
Also, Dale's Yellow Hybrid, Yellow Stone ■^ix weeks, Re'l
six weeks, or Red Stone. Yellow .M.dlesc, White Sweili^h. Yel-
low Allrinj;hain, Swan's Esrg-, French Earl}' Loii<^. French Yel
low Lon'4, French Binck Sugar. Monslail, or six wt^cks, S'-ar-
esbrook. or Preston Yellow. Rerhn or Yehnn, t*ec. ihc whob^
tunning a complete coricenlration of the choicest varieties ob-
lainalde in forein;n cmnilries, or in onr own.

They have also anvsi superior cnlleetion. comprisiiip^ every
other choice variety of Vesrelable, Fi«!d and Flowerseed, most
esteemed in European, or American gardens, all of which ihey
have s^rowing^ in specimen beds for io'jpeeliori. A large num-
ber of the ch(iicO--;t varieties are ciilTely new.

Catalo;;iics wiUi prices will be sent to e\'ery nppbcantj and
orders execuied with the iiimnsl exactimde and despatch.
N. H. — 1000 !bs. superior Provence Enzerne, at 25 ots.

ZI?JC IVARE.

Just received, a f rlher supply of Zinc Milk Fnns. Kettles
and deep Bake Pans, nnd for snle at ilie Agricultural Ware-
HoMse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Street.

The above articles are hio;hty recommended, not only for
dairies but for private families ; at this season of the year ttiey
are most wanted, and it is fully aseertain^d that they produce
Knore«ream fro.ii the same quantity ofiMilk. jy IG

NOTICE.

Sl'bscribkrs to the Ne*v Eiii^Mand Farmer can have their
volumes neaily halt" bound, and lettered for 75 cents, by leav-
uit: Ihum ai ilif Farmrr oibce, missinj- numbers supplied.

ENGLISH AVORKS ON AGRICULTURE.

I)u. IMl'Kson's Practical Agriculture, in Iwn volumes, 12(10
paf;e.>, with numerous engravings and colored plates.

Complete Farmer, or general dictiouaiy of Agriculture and
Hu>baniiry, with mniiy engravings, in 2500 pages.

The Conipleti* Grazier wiUi plates, si ct^W /iu»f/t'(/, GOO pages

'J'lii' aliove will be sold very low, havui^; been pailiilly used.

July IGih. GEO. C. BARRETT.

FARMERS ATTEND.

A GENTLEMAN w|io intends to embark for Europe, in Octo-
hrr nt-xt, wi-shes tu engage an exppriejicd Fanner to lake
ehar;;e of his farm of atioiit forty acres, distant seven miles
from Boston. Said farm is easy of culuvalion, is in good or-
<ler.well slocked, and has a house upon it, iit which said farmer
could reside.

Liberal wages will be paid, hut no person need apply unless
he can give the best recommendations, and has a practical
knowledge of his business. Apply al this office. epil' jyl9

EDINBURGH REVIEW^, NO. CXIX.

This day published by LILLY, WAIT & CO.
Contents. The Life of Lieutenant-General Sir John
Moore, K. B. P>y liis brother. James Carriok iMonro — Fanata-
(ism. By the Author of Natural History of Enthusiasm— Lives
ol the most emiiiuiit British Painters, Sculptors and Aatichects.
Cy Allen Cuiiuingham — Journal of a West India Proprietor.
iJy ihe laie fllalthew G. Lewis — Historical Researches into the
P<»lilics, Intercourse and Trade of the Carthaginians, Ethiopi-
ans, and EL;yi)tians. Ry A. H. L. Heeren, Professor oC Histo-
ry ill the Umversiiy of Goeltingen. Traiislyled from the Ger-
man— Historical Researches into the Politics. Intercourse and
trade of ihe Principal Nalif)iisof Antiquity. By A .H.L.Heercn,
Professor ol History in the University of Goettinonn. Translated
from the Germr.n. Asiatic Nations — Pindar in verse. By Rev.
Henry Francis Gary, A.M. — The Round Towers ot Ireland; or
Mysteries of Freemasonry, of Sabaism, and of Budhism, for
the first time unveiled. Prize Essay of the Royal Irish Acad-
ejny, enlarged and embellished with numerous illustrations.
By Henry O'Brien, E^q. A. B. — On the connection of tlie
Physical Sciences. By Mrs. Somerville — Poems, chiefly re-
ligious. By the Rev. F. H. Lyte, A. M. — First Report by
Messrs. Villiers and Bowring on the Commercial Relations be-
tween France and Great Britain. 1331. — Addrc<;se dos Nego-
cians de Bordeaux aux chambres Legislatives — Report made
to his Majesty by a Royal Commission of Enquiry in'.o the
Slate of the Universities of Scotland. {Ordered by "the Hou^e
of Commons to be printed, 7th October, 1^31.) — Poor Laws in
Ireland, considered in their probable eflecls up(ni the Capital,
ihe Piosperity, and the Progressive Improvement of that Couii-
iry. By Sir John Wal^h — Report of evidence from the Select
(yommittee on the State of the Poor in Ireland. (Ordered by
the House of Commons to he Printed, Ih'oO.)

PRICES OF COUiNTKY PKODUCi:.

BRASS SYRINGES.

Just received al the Agricultural Warehouse, a good assorl-
nienl of Willis's improved Brass Svringes forGreen Houses*
Grape Vines, &lc. &i,c. — see Complete Farmer. ]ine;e 3'15.

je4 J. r; NEWELL.

REVOLVING HORSE RAKES.

Just rPC':ived, a few more very superior Revolving Horse
Rakes. These rakes which ha\'e this season been used by •''"nie
of our Best Practical Farmers ore very much approved. They
rake very clean and very expeditiou>ly.

For Sale at the Agriculiural Warehouse. ,iv23

GRAIN CRADLES.

For srile at the Agriculuiral \A'archouse, 52 North Market St.
a few more of Willis's Improved Grain Cradles, with Cast
Steel Scythes, a very su|)erior article. .i)~3

Apples , russets,

Bkans, wline,

Beef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Bekswax, (American) . . .
BuTTKK. inspeiied, No. I, new,

Cranbkkkies,

Chkkse, new milk,

skimmed milk, . . .

Feathers, nordiern, geese, . .

southern, geese, . ,

Flax, American,

Flaxseed,

M'HITK DUTCH CLOVER.

I\KCi:iVKD this week direct from Ilolland 1<IIJ0 lbs. superior
Wiiilo Ci.ovKii, warrriiitcd free from any kin<l of foul seed,
and at least worth nne third more limn American. This wdll
be foiiud an excellent Grri'^s for Pssliire lanfl, iX:c.

al6 GEO. C. BAWRETT, New En-land Seed Store

Flour, Genesee, . . . casli.
Baltimore, Howard str. nt-w
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain , Corn,iiorlhern yellow, . .
souiiiern yellow , . .

white,

Rye, (scarce) Northern,

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

UuPS, Isl quality

2d quality

Lard, Boston, 1st sort, (none)

Southern, 1st sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

/' upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, . ,

Baltimore, sole, . . ,

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass. insijec^extra clear, .

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, . . . .

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, northern, (none) .
Red Clover, northern. .
WhiteDuicli Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxon}* Fleeces,

Amenran.I'uUblood,\vashed
do. 3-4lhs do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, , . . .
„ f Pulled superfine,
^•r I 1st Lambs, . • .
-^=<(2d " . . .

|S.!3d '' _ . . .
S [Isl Spinning, . . .
.Sotitliem piilIeH wodl is jjenprallv /)

barrel
busliel
barrel

pound
busliel

pound

bUblicI

banc!

Dusiiel

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

ra.sk
barrel

tt
buslie!

pound

c\^■t
pound

FKUM

2 15

2 0(J
lU Wi

7 6t

6'Ub

Jo

ly

3 CO

b

3i

40

36

H

1 50

5 00

5 37

6 25
5 2a

73

70

6y

1.5

60

40

20 00

12 00

12 00

SB

9

7

17
10
15
IB

21

22

i!5

n Oil

13 00

2 37

3 00

2 50

7 75
6 25

in.)

Ti

3 25

9

5

45

40

10

1 G2

5 25

5 50

5 37

75

71

70

75

65

41

21 00

13 00

13 00

46

12

18
12
17
20"
23
24
90
18 00
13 50

2 50-

7

8

2».

3:3

7 00

7 50

58

62

SO

65

45

30

37

4-2

30

35

38

40

6(1

55

43

46

SO

35

25

28

45

48

ots.Ies.s perlh.

P K O V 1 S J O iN' M A R K E 1'

retail I' kicks

Hams, northern, . .
southern, . .
Pork, w-liole hogs, .
Poultry, (uncertain)
BuTTtR. (tub) . . ,
lump, new, .

Egos,

Potatoes, (now) .
CiT>KR. (aceordiiic'to qualilv.)

pound

9;,

S

,^

12
18

do7.en*

bushol

barrel

75
2 00

10
9
7

14

20

15

1 CO

3 00

UAMAGED BISHOPS LAAVN AKO MlgMKS.

El.IAR STO.\E liREWER, at No. 414 Wasliinglon
.->lr<-cl, will open for solo litis day,

1 C.i.se wet (but not damaged) P.isiiops Ln'.vn.

1 do. do. do. Rook Muslin.

.Vlso, 1 do. Sup,crfine C-4 Cambric Dimotic..--, which will be
offiircd by the Piece al 25 per cent, less than cosl of importa-
tion, ni 14

STTIAIV C.VRPETIIVG.

EI.IABSTON'E P.RKWER, No. 414 Washinglon street,
has received a lot of lOti pieces superior straw carpeling white
aiul fancy checks, 5-4. 6-4. and 7-4 widths, which he will sell
by the piece or yard at very low prices. Also, Cautoil Straw
lablc malts. istf. a IG.

Faneuil Hall V(s:dalU Market, July 23, 1834.

Onions, G cents — Turnir/S. G cents-. — Leituee, 3 cents-. —
Cucumbers, from 12^ to 25 cents a dozen — Peas, gl a
bushel — Beans, 75 cents a bushel— Cal.b?;_£;es, 4 to G cents
r.piece — Carrots, G cts. a bunch — Beets, 4lo (J cent? — Summer
Squashes, 25 cts. do-/..— Strawberries, 37^ to .50 cents a box —
(looseberiies, 12j els. a quart — Cherries. 12J els do — Cur-
r;inls fi eeiiis do— -Rhubarb Stalk. 4 els pr lb.

lililGHTlJ.N iVlAUKE'J'.— .Mu.vuAV. July 21, 1834. '

R<.porle(l fur tlw O.iilv .ArUcrtisc r and ['alrmt.

Al Market this day, 230 Peef Caiile, (including ilinve unsold
last week); IG cows, and calves, 1430 slieep, aiid 30O swine.

Pricks Beef CnWc— Sales were rather rpjicker. but no
parlicniar vnriailon in prices for the .^fime quality. VCc nitote
pilmeat 5 25 a 550; enod at 475a5;ihin al ft 75 a 4 50.

rpiev and Catves — Sales were noticed al IS, 20, 24. 28, 30,
and §37.

Sheep — Prices ad^Pfircd from bst week, and sales were,
quick Of casioned by die limited number. We noticed sales at
1 3S, 1 50, 1 71, 2; 2 25. 2 37, and 2 68 ; Wclhers al 2 SO, 3
and 3 50.

p^wim^ — No lots were taken, and a small number only w-ere
retailed — ilie market appears 10 be supplit d. an indicaiinn that
prices will decline— pit retail 6 for sows and 7 for barrows.

An error occiirr/'d in our rpport last week ; the lolof swiue
were lakea at 6 3-4 instead o( 9 3-4 as repotted.

16

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

JULT as, 1834.

M I S C E L L A N Y .

NEW-ENGLAND.

BV J. G. WHITTIER.

Land of the forest and rock —

Of dark blue lake, an<l migh'y river — .
Of niountaiiis reared aloft to innck
Tlje storm's career — the lightning's sltock;— •
My own green land, forever! —
Land of tlie heantiful and brave- —
Tlie freeman's home — the martyr's grave — -
Tlie nursery of giant men,
VVliuse deeds havQ linked with every glen,
^nd e\ery hill and every stream,
The romance of some warrior dream ! —

Oh — never may a son of tliine,
Where'er his wandering steps iitclitie,
Forget the sKy which bent aljove
His childhood like a dream of love,
The stream beneath the green hill flowing,
The broad-armed trees above it growing,
Tlie clear breeze through the foliage blowing ;•
Or, hear unmoved, the taunt of scorn
Breathed o'er the brave New-England born 5^
Or mark the stratiger's Jaguar hand

Disturb the ashes of tliy dead —
Tlie buried glory of a land

Whose soil with noble blood is red.
And sanctified in every part,—
^'or feel resentment like a brand.

Unsheathing from his fiery heart.
Oil ! — greener hills may catch the sun
Beneath the glorious heaven of France ;
■ And streams, rejoicing as they run

Like life beneath the day-beams glance,
May wander where the orange bough
With golden fruit is bending low ;
And there may bend a brighter sky
O'cr^recn and classic Italy —
And pillared fane and ancient grave

Hear record of another time,
And over shaft and architrave

7'lie green luxuriant ivy climb;
And fjr towards the rising sun

'I'he palm may shake its leaves on high,
Wiiere tlowers are opening one by one,

Like stars upon the twilight sky.
And breezes soft as sighs ol love
Above the rich mimosa stray.
And ilirough the Bramin's sacred grove
A thoit^and bright-hued pinions piay ;
Vet unto thee, New-Englanti, still

Thy wandering sons shall *tretch their arms,
And thy rude chart of rock and hill

Seem dearer than the land of palms !
The massy oak and mountain pine

More welcome tlian the Banyan's shade,
And every free, blue stream of thine

Seem lie her than the golden bed
Of Oriental waves that glow
And sparklo with the wealth belov»-.
Land of my fathers 1— if my name.
Now humble, and unwed to fame,
Hereafter burn upon the lip,

As one of those which may not die,
Linked in eternal fellowship

With visions jnire and strong and highr..
If the wild dreams which (|uicken now
Tlie throbbing pulse of heart and brow,
, Hcreat'ter take a real foim.
Like spectres ehangerl lo beings warm ;
And over temples wiinj and grey

The star-like crown of glory shine,—
Tliiwe be the hard's undying lay
The murmur of the praise bo thine.

.■\voitl every npjieuntiice of iiiiiatiuii ia
Diiifner, or tojie,

your

Fvoia the Amial.^i of Education.
VALUABLiE MAXIMS FOR REPROOF.

A FEW brit'f reniitrks will comprise my views
in ie<r;tiil to reproof.

1. Next to the government of ourselves wiili-
out which no one can hope to govern others, the
most Imporiaitt ))reliiiiinary step is to secure the
coiifiileiice ftnil itffectioii of your pupils. Let your
whole conduct show that you wish to act as a
Iriciiil, not as a tlcsitot — for llieir gooil, and not
for your own pipasuic.

2. Arctistnm jotirsi'lf to confess your own er-
rors triitikly. Your pupils will not fttil to discover
these, and your acknowledgement will increase
iheir confidence in your sincerity.

3. Kecollect these errors, and remeiiiher the
difficulties you find in overcoming them, when
yoti reprove your pupils. Kememljer also their
ijrnorance and inexperience, and the far greater
ilitKcullies which thoy must meet in goveniing
lliemsclves.

4. Reprove as seldoiti as i)ossii)Ie. First try
the effect of reasoning, and ()ersuasion, and exam-
ple fail h fully.

5. Reprove with li?nity faults which helong to
childhood, such as those of mere manner, or of
ignorance, thoughtlessness, and restlessness.

6. Reserve tlie severity of reproof for conduct
ill itself immoral, or which is the result of improp-
er feelings, or wrotig principles.

7. Never give reproof if it can be avoided
while the feelings of either parly are excited. If
the tcitchcr is not calm, his influence is greatly
dituinlshed, tind a htid example set. If the pupil
is agitated, he cannot feel the force of argument or
rehtike.

8. On the other luind do not defer too long.
Seize the first favorable opportunity, while the
circumstances are fresh in his memory.

9. Reprove each fault as it occurs. Do not suf-
fer offences to accumulate, lest he be discouraged
hy the amoittit.

10. Let yoti4' reproof of a single fault he so fre-
quent as to let the pupil see that he is observed,
hut not so cotnmoii as to tire or irritate, or to
lose its efiijct hy repetition, like the hourly striking
of a clock.

IL In correcting a had habit do not notice eve-
ry fitlhtrc, especially wlieii there is an honest en-
deavor 10 reform.

12. Never expose the fault to others, tinless as
the last resort. It bittnts a child's sensibility ; it
disconrttges effort ; it diminishes his confidence in
his reprover; and too often excites a feeling of
triumph ii> his associates, and of envy in the of-
fender, rather than a proper sense of the fault.

But it is of the highest itnportance that re-
proof he given in it proper manner. Without
this all other precautions will be useless.

1. Reprove with afficiion and sympathy. —
Show that it gives you pain, atid that you perform
it only as a duty,

2. I5e always decided, and be more serious in
proportion to the magtiitude of the fault; btit
never be despotic on the one linnd, or trifling on
tho other. Never smile at one time at a fault
which you have reproved at aiiolh(;r.

3. The tnost effectual reproof is often given hy
praising the pupils for itistances of the opposite
virtue. Avoid as much as possible, however, re-
ferring to tho extinipio of others.

4. Lead your pupils as often as possible to de-
tect and veprovt) their own faults by a course of

(piestions. When this can be accomplished, it is
the most effectual mode of reproof.

5. Follow the Divine example in the scriptures,
antl mingle encouragement itnd praise with blnme.
Notice especiidly, instances of success in resisting
the temptations to similar faults.

6. Seek above all things fur Divine aid in giving'
reproof, anil for the Divine blessing upon your ef-
forts.

APHORISMS.

Plan of Life. There are some |)ersons who lose
all their days without any design or particular ob-
ject in view, and wear away existence with no
aim, and conseqnenlly with no good efl'ect. Such
people have been a[illy coiiipitred to straws on the
surface of the water, which do not go, but are car-
ried. They pass their prinie in fluctuating from
one bubble to another, atid at length having been
wafted through the straits of indigence, sink in ih©
gtdph of oblivion.

* STEAM.

The application of Steam to Agricultural purposes
is saiti to have called fortit a powerful and efl^ect-
ive engine in France ; and it has at the same time
produced a steam-digging machitie in Enghind.
We have lately seen the motlel of a machine,
which at one operation could be made to plough,
|)uiverize, roll, sow, and harrow a breadth of ten
or twelve feet, at the rate of 5 or 6 miles and
conseqtiently between 7 and 8 acres per hour.
The machine might no doubt be impelled ut double
that rate. — English paper.

GARDEN Ai^U FLOWER SEEUS.

An excellent collection of G.\hden and Flovvkk Seeds of
very best quality, in papers of G\ cents each, constantly on hand
and' for sale at New England Seed Store of

GEO. C. BARRETT.

COMPLETE SET OF THE FARMER.

One complete set of 12 Volumes of the New Eiighunl Farmer
bound in excellent style. For sale at the Farmer Ofiice. This
will be tbund to make a valuable Library for an Agriculturist

TL'RNIP-SEED.

For Sale at the N. E. Seed Store, 51 and 52 North Market
street. Early Dutch Turnip, Early (iaiden Stone ditto, Vellow
Stone do. ; White Flat Wjiiter do. ; Long Yellow French do. 5
Yellow Aberdeen do ; Ruta Baga do.

The two last are excellent kinds lor Cattle. jc 18

DAHLIAS.

A Collection of fine Double D.\Hi.iAS, started in pots Hi 50
cents, for sale at tlic New England Seed Store, 51 &, 52 piorth
Market street. ' G. C. BARRETT.

THE NEAV ENGLAND FARMER

Is publUhed every Wednesday Evening, at ^3 per annum
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay within
sixty daVs I'rom the time ot subscribing, arc entitled to a det^uc.
lion ot iit'ty ccnls.

33= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made ia advance.

AGENTS.
New Vor/c — G.T110RHIIEK & SoNS,C7 Liberty-slreet.
Aibaiiij — Wm. Thurbukn, 347 Blarkel-streei.
I'hil'ti'lelphia — D. it C. L.\M)KKTH, 85 Chcsnul-strcet.
HiiUimoie — 1. L Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmer.
Chiiiiniati — S. C. P.iRXHURST, £3 Lower Markel-stiett.
FliLitmig, N. F.— Wm. Piunce & So.\s,Prop. Lin. Bot.Car.
Midillrhiiry, Vt. — Wight Chapbian, Merchant. ••

Ihi'-tfnrd — iCioonwiN tSc Co. ]-iooksellers.
iXnrlniittpoii — Ebknkzkk Steoman. Bookseller.
I'oiismoiLth, N. H. — J. W. FiisTEU. r.ookseller. ^

Aii^iisiii, Me. — WiLi.Aiiti Snei.l, Druggist.
Wooilstnck. Vt.—3. A. Pratt.

I'fiilliind. .Me. — Coi.MAN. HoLOE.v &, Co. Booksellers.
Il'intsor, Me. — \\n. Maxn, Druggist.

Hatifax, A. S. — P.J. HOLLANU, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
>ii. -/.o«/s— .Geo. Hoi.ton.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Fokip & Oamrem,
whoexcoute every description oi Book njitl Fanhj Print-
"'i'in cjood style, and with promptness. Ordt r.s for print-
ing may be left with Geo. C. Bauuett, at the AgricuL
tural Wa-rfhouse, No. 58, North Market Street.

J^EW ENCJL.ANI> FARMER.

PUliLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse.)— T. G. FESSENDEN EDITOR.

VOt. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 30, 1834.

NO. 3.

COMMUNICATIONS.

Fur the New Unglund Fanner.
Mr. Fessf.nden' — Sir, Tlie lollDwiiig articles are
abstracts tVorn a work 1 am now |ire|)ariiig for the
press, entitled — The Young Gardencr^s Companion,
and Horticultural Compendium,; which will embrace
every branch of Horticulture, as tbrciug, kitchen
gardens, flower ganlenintr, landscape, &c. &c.,
adapted to the northern States ; with practical re-
marks and reviews. If tliey are worthy a notice
in your paper you will please insert them, and
send your paper for the year directed to Esopus
Garden, to Dr. Hosack, Hyde I'ark, Dutchess co.
N. Y. Yours, &c. Edwaro Sayp.e.

RED DUTCH CURRANT.

Tills fine variety of Currant I find has found its
\ray in inost good collections of fruits, in the jV. S.
but it is not generally cultivated, although it is lit-
tle to be doubted when its superiority to all other
red currants is generally known and fully tested,
that it will be the universal favorite.

The tree may be known from the common red
by its being more dwarf and the branches being
more pendulous, the wood is not so luxuriant as
the fornier, the fruit spurs thicker set in clusters,
Bud the foliage of a very dark green.

The fruit when fully ripe, is a very dark red,
and nearly double the size of the common red,
hanging in dense clusters of bunches, which con-
Uiin from S to 10 fruits each. The fruit is every
way desirable, as forming a handsome dessert —
preserves well, makes an e.vcellent wine, and is an
excellent bearer in all parts of tlie States.

WHITE DUTCH CURRANT.

The white Dutch may be considered the supe-
rior variety of the white currant. The (;-eeand fruit
has every habit of the above with an exception of
the tree being more dwarf and the fruit white, or
rather of an amber color, and when fully ripe of a
sweet and agreeable taste, and perhaps better adapt-
ed for dessert, although it has not good qualities
for preserving, but makes a very pleasant white
wine. The tree is a good bearer, and thrives well
in most parts of the States. The excellent proper-
ties of these Currants should recommend them to
every planter as particularly ada|)tcd to this coun-
try in connexiim with their fine qualities.

THE BLACK CURRANT.

This fruit should find its way into every collec-
tion of fruit, for its valuable properties in cases of
illness, as in jetties, imns, wines, &:c. It is known
by the color of the fruit being black, and of a very
strong smell.

RED CHAMPAIGNE CURRANT.

This fruit may be considered as next in excel-
lence to the red Dutch, although it does not pos-
sess the fine qualities in respect to preserving, &c.
The character of the fruit is, a tolerable bearer ;
the tree erect, and bearing in bunches on the old
wood ; the fruit in color is a light red, very trans-
parent, and more acid than any variety I am ac-
quainted with. It thrives well in most parts of
the U. S.

To the above varieties many may be named of
inferior qualities, which are perhaps not worth no-
tio« in this place, as my object is to recommend no
fruits b^e but those fully tested. E. S.

The following communication appears to us to
be very valuable, and we think will prove usuful
in ensuring the vegetation of many other small
seeds as well as flower seeds. — Ed.

For the Nrw England Farmer.
IMPROVED METHOD OP SOWING DELICATE
FLOWER SEEDS.

Mr. Barrett — I have frequently experienced
much difiicnlty in cultivating some kinds of annual
flowers, especially those having small seeds, such
as the Golden Coreopsis, Crepis, Ice Plant and
others. In sowing such seeds, it is necessary that
the earth should be made very fine, which only
renders it much more liable to pack, and the rain
soon beats it down so firmly that the seeds when
beginning to vegetate, are unable to raise it, and
consequently perish. The covering also being
thin, a warm sun soon bakes it dry, and the seeds
are also liable to be destroyed by the heat, and
want of moisture. To obviate these difliculties, I
have adopted the following very simple and eflec-
tual remedy. If the seeds are sown in patches, I
take a \)\ece of newspaper, aliout the size of the
patch to be covered, and laying it on the carpet,
or some other soft i>lace, I puncture it quite thick-
ly with a large-sized darning needle, which opera-
tion can be performed with great ease in a very
few minutes. This paper is then laid over the
patch, and confined at the edges by a few small
stones or by pegs ; and it will .lie so close to the
ground, especially if it be wet immediately after-
wards, as to be in no danger of being disturbed by
the wind. All the rain that fulls upon the paper
will gradually ooze through it, and the ground be
ing thus protected from the sun, will be constant-
ly moist, warm and light. Neither will the paper
be any obstruction to the shooting of the young
plants, as they can raise it with ease, though it
ought to be entirely removed as soon as they have
penetrated the surface. Another advantage of this
method is, that in case of very dry weather, the
smallest seeds thus protected, whether they be
sowed in pots or borders, may be freely wa-
tered with any common watering-pot. If the
seeds be sowed in drills, the paper is to be cut in
strips, and punctured along the middle, about the
same width as that of the space occupied by the
seeds.

I have conversed with many persons n|)on this
subject, to all of whom the above described ineth
od was entirely new, and if you think it will be of
any service to others, you are at liberty to make it
public.

Yours respectfully, Henry Williams.

Marlboro', July ISth, 1834.

For the New England Farmer.
CANADA THISTLE.
Mr. Fessenden, Sir — Obsta principiis* was
the motto of our fethers. The precept might well
be extended from civil to agricultural concerns.
The Canada Thistle has been found so great a
pest in some parts of our country that many per-
sons have abandoned their farms in consequence
of it. Whether there is anything in our soil so
hostile to it that it cannot spread and become
equally injurious in our vicinity I know not. Thii

Oppose evils at their commescemeBl.

will very probably be decided by experience, but
the result may be fatal to our agriculture.

The occasion of these remarks is this: Four or
five years since I noticed this plant on the way-
side of one of the roads near oiir city, since that
time it has been extended and now it may be found
on many if not most of the roads within ten miles
of Boston. Whether on roads more distant I
know not, as I have not travelled there. Those
who do not know the jilant may see a small
patch of it on the milldam, near the long wooden
building, on the north side of the road.

Is it not an object worthy the attention of the
Agricultural Society. Respectfully yours.

An Amateur Farmer.

Middlesex, Julij 23, 1834.

By the Editor. We believe with our correspon-
dent that a war of extermination ought immediate-
ly to be commenced against each and every thistle
plant which makes its hateful appearance with-
in the precincts of every civilized community.
These vegetable pests can never become exten-
sively injurious if never suffered to ripen their
seeds, and nothing is easier than to clip oft" the
part above ground at least often enough to prevent
the dissemination of tbese intruders, which if
not suffered to colonize their detestable offspring,
by seeds can do comparatively but little injury.

WORMS.

The great liability of horses to the annoyance
of worlds is well known to all who have the care
of tllfem. The cause of this evil maybe found in
the imperfect digestion consequent on the artificial
confinement, and feeding on dry food to which
these animals are subject, and which are so alien
to their natural habits. The very best antidote to
the baneful effects of those diseases is common salt;
indeed if properly given, I believe it will be found
an infallible preventive. When salt is constantly
administered, the digestive process is so much
promoted that the formation of worms animalculse,
which are always dependent on a crude, unhealthy
state ol'the stomach, is effectually prevented ; and
when by neglect, this disease has impairetl the
health of tlie horse, and the animal has become
rough and emaciated, salt has been found capable
of speedily changing its condition and restoring
health. The usual mode of giving salt to horses
is by mixing it with their corn to the extent of an
ounce or two per diem. 1 have known large pieces
of rock salt kept constantly in the mangers, and
this is probably a better method than any other,
as the horse will not fail to help itself (by licking
to nobs) to as much as is necessary, and its owner
will feel no uneasiness respecting the forgetfulness
or prejudice of his servants. — Kemp on Salt Manure.

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY.

It is stated that when Mr. Coke, the celebrated
English Farmer, took possession of his farm at
Holkham, in Norfolk, it was so poor and worn out
that it would not even bring grass. He said jo-
cosely that there was but one blade of grass on the
whole farm, for tvhich two rabbits were fghting.
But by labor and skill he has made this farm the
most beautiful and productive in all England, and
Mr. Coke is now one of the richest and most dis-
tinguished farmers in the whole country.

18

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

.Tt;LY 30,' 1«34.

From tlie Boston Courier.
HAYMAKirtG.

(iooD hay-weather is a joyful s.;a.snn for the
farmer, for it calls ii|. nil those eiierj;ics that are
apt to sh.i.iher over a winter's fire wliile the earth
is eovered with snow. The days are the hiiifiest
in the year, hut they are too short for liis laiiors.
If he hail the power of Joshua, he would in a {.'ooil
hay-day couijuatid the suu to stand still. Is there
ii sightin creation morally and physically so heau-
tifufas a wide meadow spotted with white shirts,
(a mower in all of tiiem) as the ocean is jjemmed
with sails— or an expanse of hay-cocUs, like scat-
tered Hindoo dwellings; each one raked and
thatched so that the rain cannot enter.

There is no prettier implement than a scythe,
and there is no hetter employment tjian to swing
it.

It is creditahle even to " rake after." Then

js a moral suhlimity in cuttinf^ down tall grass,— it
partakes of the task of A/.rael— it is a good he-
ginning for a soldier, a general, a hero— hut it
would he a hetter end.

History is silent as to the implements of Cincin-
natus, except his idough, which no douht turned
K respectahle furrow ; hut there is no douht that
the " Old Roman," had a scythe like Time's, that
would cut a glorious swath, and a rake that
vvouhl turn up a winnow like a range of hills.
His pitchfork must have heen a model. But the
liomans had nonewspapers, and therefore \\:\w of
their advertisements or other familiar matters have

readied us.

The shepherds of Chaldea never watched the
skies, as our farmers scrutinize them in hny-tiine.
Hay-day is to them pay-day. This is the only
time in the year when they have to do the work
of thirty days in three. It is the nearest approach
their good genius permits them, to the three days
of grace, (so hard in fact, though so smooth in
sound) of their city hrcthren. Do all these city
relatives understand the worth of a dollar? Do
they know how much lahor and trust in Provi-
dence go to the raising of a hushel of corn ? Do
they understand that a farmer gives for a cord of
wood, " standing," a matter of two dollars; that
he cuts it, carries it to the city, twenty miles with
" four cattle," supports them and himself two days
upon the road, and sells his merchandize, with his
lahor and that of his cattle for eight dollars?

Are they iiil'ormed that a son of the soil sur-
renders himself, soul and hody, with all the "thews
and sinews of a man," to cut down an acre of
grass, toss it ahout with a fork, gather it with
a rake, and load it with a iiitchfork — and all this
from the rising to the setting of the sun — for the
consideration of six shillings, — one dollar ; why the
very fatted calf, that seldom hleeds for hospitality
on the prodigal's nlurii, hrings in the market hut
ahout eight dDllars, exclusive of his head which is
his host part like a philosopher's — and yet hoiise-
holdois in the city, who never drove the cows to
jiasture, or milked them at home — who never
churned an hour in their ill-spent lives, will higgle
in the market for a cent in a pound of hiitter or a
(juarter of veal !

We have had the two kinds of fortune, and
something too much of one. We have stuck type
and made hay — hreathiMl the smoky air of an of-
fice, and inhaled the clear exhilarating gas of the
meadows. We have lieard the town crier and the
bohalink — and in spito of the hell we prefer the
bird.

If any wight less fettered cau get away, let him

flee from the city to the country. If he cany
away the dyspepsia, he will not bring it back, it
he visit the haymakers. If he lack appetite let
him carry at noon (the fashionable hour of dining)
the dinner to the mowers. He will find half a
dozen of them expectant, and recumbent mider a
maple tree. They will welcome his approach with
a sincere but compound fervor. Thciy will honor
him while they investigate the contents of his bas-
ket, and a huge one it is. If we should be called
upon to do this tomorrow, it wouhl ho a welcome
summons, and according to Byron,

" Wc should but do as we have done."
O rfiira mcssorum illia. O for the appetite of
the mowers — that immense pan of hake<l lieans
vanishes before it — and the bones of the (piailer of
lamb are so polished that Towser declines them.
There is nothing left though much was provided.
A haymaker is thrifty and wastes nothing, for he
considers it not waste to apply things bountifully
to their uses, and provisions were made to be con-
sumed, as much as he was born to consume them.

ORDER.

A QUAKER, named Benjamin Lay, (who was a
little cracked in the heail though sound at heart,)
look one of his compositions to Benjamin Frank-
lin to havS it printed and published in bis paper.
Franklin having looked over the manuscript,, ob-
served that it was deficient in arraligemenl. " No
matter" replied the author, " print any part thou
pleasest first." Many are the speeches, and the
sermons, and the treatises, and the |)oems, and the
volumes, which are like Benjamin Lay's book ;
the head might serve for the tail, and the tail for
the body, and the body for the head, either end
for the middle, and the mi. Idle for cither end ;
nay, if you could turn them inside out like a jrlove
they would be no worse for the operation. When
the excellent Hooker was on his death-bed, he
expressed his joy at the prospect of entering a
world of order.

COST OP B.\D HABITS.

A VF.RY young man once got addicted to the
use of tobacco, and was entirely cured by a friend
who desired him to cast up the sum total of the
ex|)ense should he live to the age of seventy, at on-
ly one cent a day inehiding the interest annually.
The young man fmind it amounted to upwards ot
One Tlwusanil JJullars ! He at once threw away
his tobacco box. Let those who expend from five
to ten cents a day in ardent spirits, sit down and
count the cost. Nine tenths of them would have
cash on band to purchase good farms, and enough
left to slock them handsomely.

ILLINOIS 1VOOL.

Wf. have been shown several specimens of Sax-
ony and Merino wool, grown by Mr. Flowers, ol
Edwards county in this state. The specimens,
(we being judges,) are of a superior quality, ecpial
in fineness and strength to the best imported. The
specimens may be seen by calling on Mr. M'Laugh-
lin, of this place. We imdersiand Mr. Flowers
has a flock of three or four hundred sheep of tie
same species wilh those from which the specimens
we examiiieil were taken, which bo will sell at a
low price, his object being to encourage and ad-
vance the business of " wool growing," rather tliun
to make money. The chance is worthy the atten-
tion of fanners disposed to engage in this profita-
ble branch of agriculture. — T'andalia mig.

from lilt: Fanutr s Ansistant.
CURRANT. CRllJes.)

There are a variety i>f currants, including those
called gooseberries. The black currant, which
grows ill the swamps in this country, is greatly
miproved by cultivation, and afl'ords a wine equal
to I'ort, when it has age. It is also an excellent
medicine for a sore month and throat. When
bruised and sieepeil in whiskey, or oilier spirits, it
is also excellent for colds and for bad coughs aris-
ing from pulmonic complaints. They are to be
steeped a Ibrinighl or more ; then strain the fniuor,
bottle it, and put it away for use. The red and
the while currants are most common here, and
each makes good wine, though ihe white is thought
to make the best. Curiaiit.s are Ihe most useful
of all the small kinds of fruit-liees, and for making
wines they are very profitable.

After pressing out the juice for making wine,
let the seeds be dried, and sown late in the Fall,
or early in the Spring, on fine light earth, anil
from these, new varieties maybe had; some of
which may be found very fine, and much superior
perhaps to those in conunon use. Some may he
found to ripen early, others late, which are quali-
ties particularly desirable for family uses.

Curianis are easily propagated from cuttings,
which is the usual methoil.or from layers or slips.
As soon as vegetation has commenced, take the
stnmgest and straigbiest shoots, but not such as
are suckers, and set the ends iirelty well hi the
ground, in order that they may have sufficient
moisture ; and let them he watered, if the weather
he very dry, after planting. They will soon take
root, and "the next .season will begin to bear.
They should then be kept carefully pruned, and
should not be sufi'ered to run too high. They
should be kept clear of suckers, as these draw
much of that nourishment which is reipiisite for
ihe fruit. The ground about them should be oc-
casionally hoed, to keep it clear of weeds and grass.
Currants will do very well even on light sandy
soils ; bill, perhaps, the best soil for them is a
good mellow sandy loam. Wilh proper culture,
however, they will grow pretty well on almost any
soil ihat is not too hard m- poor, in this country
which appears to be very natural to their growth.

To make Currant Wine. Take currants fully
ripe, at Ihe rate of one gallon for eacli gallon of
water; bruise them fine in the water; strain the
whole ihioiigh a doth, and add two pounds and
three quarters of good brown sugar to every gal-
lon of currants and water thus mixed together ;
stir it well, and, when the sugar has dissolved, put
the whole into a clean cask, filling it full, and
lea\ing a good vent-hole open. When the fer-
meiilarion is over, stop it up tight, and in six
months it will he fit for bottling or for use. Like
other wines, however, it improves much by age.

Probably molasses, well clarified, might be made
to answer instead ot sugar; and, probahly, honey,
or a due mixture of it, would he hetter than either.
An acre planted with currants, and well culti-
vated, would probably yield on an average, a quan-
tity of fruit suflicieiit to make a thousand gallons
of wine yearly. The expense of making this wine
does not exceed filty cents a gallon ; and the wine,
after having a little age, is worth treble this money.
A currant-garden should be set with the bushes
in rows, about eight feet between each, and about
three feet between each bush, with interTals of
proper width and at regular distances for [lassing
across the rows. Planting currants on the south

vol.. XTII. NO. 3.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

19

side of a wall will make tliern ripen more early,
and they will ripen ' later when plaiiteil on the
liurtli side.

f^rojn the Chn.-itiitn Ohsf-rver.
DEPRAUDIIVG TRADESniEN OP THEIR TIME.

I AM a tradesman with a. large faniilj', to wlioiii
time is money — thouirh I have cheerfidly foimJ a
trifle ofhotli, to purchase and read for many years
tlie Christian Observer; and I trust, therffore,
you will in return courteously allow me a few lines
to mention a grievance under which I and initiiy
■others labor — the thoughtless and uimecessary
consumption of our time by our employers or cus-
tomers.

One illustration may serve as well as many. I
called last month on a gentleman of large proper-
ty, and I believe a very worthy and respectable
man, and a contributor to various religious and
charitable institutions, for the payment of a few
shillings for an article wliich might just as well
liave been i)aid for at the time it was purchased,
without my calling at all. Sly trifling memoran-
dum was sent up to him, and after waiting three
quarters of an hour, a message was brought to me
that he could not see me then, but that I might
call that day week ; I did so, five minutes before
the time appointed, but was kept wailing a whole
hour — till at length a servant was sent down to me
with the money, which might have been just as
well doue the week before, and without unneces-
sary delay. The loss of time in the busiest part
of the mcu'ning, was a greater sacrifice than the
sum paid, even had it been all profit would have
compensated for ; I coidd it is true have sent a mes-
senger, but I thought my customer from his station
in life, might consider it disrespectful if I diil not
wail on him myself, and thus I might have lost
his future commands — besides which the time of
any person whom [ employed and [laid would liave
been an object of some consideration.

A lady once caused a shopman of mine to lose
the better part of five or six mornings, waiting upon
her, at a considerable distance with patterns, al-
terations, &c. for an article which did nut yield
•any thing worthy to be called profit.

In the case which I have mentioned above,
there was not I believe the slightest wish to evade
or delay the payinent of my trifling deniamJ — tlie
smallness of the sum, and the wealth and charac-
ter of the party, forbid such an idea — and I am
not now writing of the cruelty of opulent persons,
systematically delaying the payment of tlnir trades-
men's bills, which is the cause of much anxiety
and distress and often of ruin — but only the neg-
ligent sporting with the time, and I n)ay say the
feelings of persons in the most dependent classes
of society.

I have seen a laundress, or a young woman who
lived by her needle, detained by the hour together
from pure thoughtlessness — the delinquent parties
not considering how much suffering they were in-
flicting. It may seem a trifle that the laundress
should have lost her time while her fuel and other
expenses were going on, and her day's work was
thrown into arrear — or that the " pale eyed seam-
stress" was obliged to sit up half the night to re-
gain the hours of which she had been robbed — but
such " triflijs" as these make in such stations the
sura of human things.

I say nothing of tax-gatherers, and charity soci-
ety collectors, whom it seems to lie generally ac-
eounted lawful to persecute with the pitliy an-

nouncement, " let him call again" and then in a
side voice, as if in reply to an accusing conscience,
or the monitory glance of a friend, " he is paid
for it." A man ought to be very busy indeed
who says " call again and I will [lay thee," when
he has it by him. A Busy Tradesman.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

IMPORTANCE OF PERSEVERANCE.

" TuK great art to learn much," says Locke, " is
to nnilerlake a little at a time." Dr. Johnson has
very forcibly observed that "all the perlurniances
of human art, at which we look with praise or
wonder, are instances of the resistless force of per-
severance ; it is by this that the quarry becomes a
pyramid, and that distant countries are vmiled by
caiials. If a man were to compare the effect of a
single stroke of the pick-axe or of one impression
of H spade with the general design and last result,
he would be overwhelmed with a sense of their
disproportion ; yet those petty operations inces-
santly continued, in time surmount the greatest
difficulties ; and mountains are levelled and oceans
bounded by the slender force of human l)eings. It
is therefore of the utmost iirqitntance that those
who have any intention of deviating from the beat-
en roads of life, and acquiring a re|)Utation supe-
rior to names hourly swept away by time among
the refuse of fame, should add to their reason and
their spirit the pmvcr of persisting in their purposes ;
acquire the art of sapping what they cannot hatter,
and the habit of vanquishing obstinate resistance
by obstinate attacks."

Krnm the Northern Farmer.
GAMA GRASS.

Our readers will recollect to have seen in a for-
mer number of the Farmer, some account of the
rapid, and luxuriant growth of this species of grass.
Snndl ([uantities of the seed of this grass have
been distributed among the agriculturists of several
States; some of whom, from its singular shajie
and appearance, and from its slowness to vegetate,
have entertained doubts of its being in fact the
seed of any plant. We received from Dr. Bartlett
of Georgia, editor of the Southern Planter, not
many months since, a small quantity of this seed,
which was distributed among our friends. We
have since learnt that the unusual length of time,
which it requires to vegetate, renders it exceed-
ingly liable to be destroyed, when planted in the
usual way ; and we fear that our friends who re-
ceived seed from us, may fail of success in pro-
ducing tlie plant from the want of a knowledge of
this fact. It is said to have been, in some in-
stances, fourteen months, after it was planted, in
coming up.

We disposed of all the seeds we received, but
two in nund)er; these were placed in a cloth with
grape seeds, and kept constantly wet with water,
near a stove in the kitchen, fur two months ; at
the end of which time, they were found to be
sprouted.

They were then planted in a dry sandy loam,
and now grow with great rapidity. Whether the
plant will be of any value in our climate, remains
to be tested by experience, hereafter.

" John, you rogue" said an unthinking mother
" if ever I catch you at the closet again, stealing
cake and sugar, I will whip you us sure as you
live!" " Why no you won't mother," answered im-
pertinent John shrewdly, " for you have told me
so a thousand times."

The first of the following meetings of the So-
ciety should have been published in our last, — but
was accidentally mislaid.

An adjourned meeting of the Mass. Ilort. Soci-
ety was held at their room on Saturday, July 12.

It was voted, that the committee of arrange-
ments for the ensuing exhibition be increased to
ihirty-five — and the following members were ap-
pointed, Messrs. Saml. Pond, J. L. Russell, E.

Bartlett, Jos. Balch, and S. Downer Adjourned

to 26th.

An adjourned meeting of the Mass. Hurt. Soci-
ety was held at their room on Saturday, July 2(5,
the vice president presiding.

It was voted, that the anniversary of the .Society
be celebrated as usual by an address.

Voted, that a committee of three be appointed
to select a gentleman to deliver the address.

Z. Cook, jr. E. Vose, and I. P. Davis, were
chosen.

Voted, that the sub-committee chosen at a for-
mer meeting be a committee to consider the expe-
diency of the Society's celebrating the anniversaiy
as heretofore by a dinner.

Adjourned to Saturday, Aug. 1, at 11 o'clock,
A. M. Ciia's. M. Hovev.

EXHIBITION OP PL.OWERS.

Saturday, July 2()(/(, 1S.34. ■

Mr. Tno. Mason, Charlestown Vineyard — Dah-
lias, variety of Carnations, Phlox macnlata, Alcea
lutea. Anemones, and other flowers.

Messrs. IIovEYS, Cambridgeport — Phlox, Lych-
nis, Carnations, Spirea, Potentilla, Verbena auble-
tia, Malope grandiflora, Picridium tingitannm,
Troptcoluin atro sanguineuin, Iberis speciosum,
Crepis barbata, Coreopsis tinctoria, Eschscholtziu
californica.

Mr. S. Walker, Roxbury — variety of flowers,
new Dahlias, and Ferraria conchiflora, or Yellow
Mexican Tiger flower.

Mr. M. P. Wilder, Dorchester — New Dahlia
Antonia, Carnations, Eschscholtzia californica,
plcno,anewand very beautifid production, and very
justly excited the admiration of all amateurs pres-
ent, on account of its being produced double by
Col. Wilder.

Blessrs. Winships — usual variety.
By order of the Connnittee,

Jona. WiiMSHip, Chairman.

PRXJITS EXHIBITED.

Grapes. From S. G. Perkins, Esq. a large
basket containing eight varieties of Grapes, very
fine and beautiful — also .ipricots.

Pears. From Mr. K. Manning, Salem, Saint
John's, or Joannet Pear — it ripens about a week
earlier than the Petit Muscat.

Currants. From Thos. Dowse, Esq. Cam-
bridgeport, a dish of remarkably fine and large
White Dutch Currants.

Gooseberries. From Messrs. Hoveys, Green
Ocean and Jolly Angler.

From Mr. S. Walker, Roxbury, Roaring Lion,
and several other fine varieties.

From Dr. S. A. Siiurtleff, Boston, Roaring
Lion, White Smiths, Waluut, Yellow Eagle, Cbam-
paigne, and Rumbullion.

From Messrs. Hoveys, Wilniot's Scarlet Rhu-
barb, a new, superior and early variety, raised
from seed last year.

By order of the Committee, E. M.Ricbards.

20

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

.TTTI>Y 30, 1834.

From the Cultivator.
COMPOSTS.

Much hag been said and written in favor of
compost manures ; and under many circumstan-
ces they really afford a valuable accession to the
fertilizing materials of a farm. But when the ob-
ject to be obtained is not fully understood, they
cnmHtimRs occasion a useless expenditure of labor.

imal (Inng, lime,

-two or more

in

sometimes occasion a useless ex|
Composts are a mixture of ai
ashes, vegetable matter and earths
of them. The economy uf composts consists
first, saving the gaseous matter which escapes
froin manure while undergoing fermentation, and
the liquids which flow from the dung heap ; and
second, in rendering vegetable matter soluble, and
food for plants which was before inert and useless.
Thus if earth is mixed with and spread over a
pile of dung while it is fermenting, it imbibes the
volatile and liquid parts of the manure which
would otherwise be lost, and this becomes almost
as fertilizing as the manure itself. This fact
shows that manure loses much in fermenting, for
it loses all the earth gains. If peaty or swamp
earth is employed, a double object is gamed ; for
while it prevents waste in the manure, it is of it-
self converted into manure, (being composed of
vegetable matter,) by the process of fermentation.
But when the object is merely to prevent wast..'
in the dung, the process is most economically et-
fected in llie soil ; where both the gases and the
liquids will be retained, and by which the trans-
portation of the earth to and from the dung yard,
is saved. When the manure cannot he conveni-
ently used upon hoed crops before fermentation
then a bedding and covering of earth fur the i)ile
is a matter of economy and should not be omit-
ted. So if it is desired to convert the vegetable
deposit of swamps into manure, it may be readily
and profitably done by alternating it in layers witli
hot dung. In this case one part of dung to three
parts of swamp earth will suffice. A layer of
dung five or six feet broad, and as long as neces-
sary, is first deposited on a proper piece of ground,
then' a layer of earth over it, and in this way alter-
nate layers should be added until the pile is five
or six feet high. As soon as the mass gets into a
state of fermentation, which may be ascertained
by plunging into it a stick for a few moments, and
ascertaining thereby its heat, the compost is fit for
tise. This will require weeks or months accord-
ing to the temperature of the weather.

It will be perceived that composts in which no
fermentation takes place, can be of little advantage.
There is no volatile matter to be given off, and
no tendency exists to break down and render sol-
uble ligneous and woody matter. Lime operates
more powerfully than dung in inducing fermenta-
tion in vegetable matter, though it is not prudent
to U30 it in combiimtion with stable dung ; I have
found by experience, that it causes a too violent
action, and dissipates nearly all its fertilizing prop-
erties. Composts are particularly adapted to all
the family of small grains, and for top-dressing
grass grounds, where this latter practice is tolerat-
ed. Mere earthy matters add nothing to the com-
post pile ; they merely prevent the waste of other
materials which compose it. In making composts
therefore, for field use, earths should be preferred
which abound in vegetable matter ; and the litter,
vegetable refuse, urine, soap suds, ashes &c. should
be added, which are ordinarily wasted, and
which form annually a large aggregate upon a farm.

Time is the most valuable of all things.

Frojn the Baltimore ATnericcin.
A SUBTERRANEAN INDIAN VII.I.AGE

Has been discovered in Nacoochee Valley, in

Georgia, by gold miners, in excavating a canal for
the purpose of washing gold. The depth to
which it is covered varies from seven to nine feet ;
some of the houses are embedded in a stratum of
rii-h auriferous gravel. They are 34 in number,
built of logs from 6 to 10 inches in diameter, and
from 10 to 12 feet in length. The walls are from
3 to G feet in height, forming a continuous line or
street of 300 feet. — The logs are hewed and not-
ched, as at the present day. The land beneath
which they were found, was covered, at its first
settlement by the whites, with a heavy growth of
timber, denoting a great antiquity to these buildings,
and a powerful cause which submerged ththi.
Cane baskets and fragments of earthenware were
found in the rooms. — The account is contained in
a letter to the Southern Banner, from which the
following further particulars are extracted:

The houses are situated 30 to 100 yards from
the principal channel of the creek; and as no fur-
ther excavations have been made, it is more than
probable that new and more interesting develop-
ments will be made when the laud is worked for

gold.

A great number of curious specimens of work-
manship have been foimd in situations, which pre-
clude the jjossibility of their having been moved for
more than a thousand years. During my mining
operations last year, I found at one time, about one
half of a crucible, of the rapacity of near a gallon.
It was ten feet below the surface, and immediately
Ijeneath a large oak tree, which measured five feet
in diameter, and must have been four or five bun-
ded years old. The deposite was diluvial, or what
may "be termed table land. The stratum, of quartz
gravel, in which the vessel was embedded, is about
two feet in thickness, resting upon decomposed
chlorite salt.

It is not difficult to account for the deposite of
those substances in alluvial soil, for the hills are gen-
erally very high and precnpitoiis, and from the im-
mense quantity of rain which falls, the streams are
swollen to a great height, sweeping every thing with

CUIiTURE OF THE MUSHROOM.

Towards the middle of October I em|)ty the
melon pits of the old dung, tan, or tree leavep,
reserving any that ap|)ears fresh, which I mix
with fresh stable dung, and return to the pitm,
first placing a layer of entirely fresh dung at the
bottom. I tread firmly as I proceed. When the
pit is quite filled, I put on the sashes, tilling them
to ju-event the escape of the steam. In a fortnight
or three weeks, the dung will have subsided, an«l
the heat will be suftii;iently abated. 1 then place
a layer of a few inches thick, of horse-droppings
from a stable where the horses are fed on hay and
oats only, and which drn[ipings must he well dried
previously to being used : this layer is to be tramp-
ed, and the spawn in lumps about the size of a
"oose's egg, is to be placed one lump in each area
of six inches, and covered with three inches fresh
loam, from a pasture, and beaten down well with
the hack of a spade. Dry hay is to be placed
upon the surface of the bed, and air admitted in
fine weather. The layer of droppings soon bo-
comes a continuous mass of spawn ; and tlie
quantity of mushrooms produced throughout the
winter and spring is truly astonishing. Water
will be required occasionally, particularly as tire
days begin to get warm in the spring. Towards
the beginning of May, when the pits are required
for other pur|ioses, abundant spawn may be pro-
served for future operations. — Irish Farmer''s and
Gardener's Magazine.

them, and frequently forming a deposite of several
feet in thickness in a season ; but some of diluvial
laud is from 10 to 50 feet above the present level of
the streams. These deposites exhibit appearances
of IIS great attrition as those recently formed.

There was a vessel, or rather double mortar,
found in Duke's Creek, about five inches in diam-
eter, and the excavation on each side was nearly an
inch in depth, basin like, and perfectly polished. It
was made of quartz, which had been semi-transpar-
ent, but had become stained wilh the iron which
abounds in quantity in all this country. In the bot-
tom of each basin was a small depression halfan
inch in depth and about the same diameter. — What
its use could have been, is difficult to conjecture.
Some suppose it was used for grinding paint, &c.,
or in some of their plays or games. The high finish
and its exact dimensions, induce me to believe it
the production of a more civilized people, than the

present race of Indians^

Mental Enjoyments. By reading we enjoy the
company of the dead, by conversation that of the
living, and by contemplation we may be happy in
ourselves.

A great fortune in the hands of a fool, is a great
misfortune. The more riches a fool has, the
greater fool he is.

ON "MARKING STICKS" FOR GARDENERS.

Some things that are apparently very trifling
and insignificant at the first glance, may be worth
knowing ; and of this kind is the best method of
writing on soft wood witli a black lead penciL
Every practical horticulturist must have frequent
occasion to employ marking stieks. The value of
these are evident when we procure new seeds of
pi.ints, whose forms and figures "are unknown to ire.
Wiiliout something to point out their respective
localities in the garden, their names are in danger
of being lost, and even the plants themselves of
being eventually destroyed. At some of the pril>-
cipal nurseries, white paint is applied to small
strips of pine or other wood, and when it dries,
the trace of a black lead pencil will he retained
for a long time. Where less business is done,
however, as in many private gardens, sticks of
this kind are not always kept in sufficient numbers
for all occasions ; and something as a substitute
would be very convenient.

If we write on a dry stick of soft pine, which i
has just been shaved smooth, black lead in most:
cases leaves a faint mark which soon becomes il-
h'L'ible ; but if we moisten the surface immediately
before we write, the trace is clear and plain.
Sli(dvs marked in this w.ny, and leaning thim a Ut-
ile tou'ards the plant, with the name underneath,
will not only point out its position, but will coD-
tinue legible for more than a year. — Genesee Far.

EXERCISE

Gives strength to every fibre, and energy to ail

the vital powers. But exercise like most good
practices and habits may he carried to excess.
Extreme toil not only shortens life, hut brings less-
to pass than steady but moderate labor. It is not
therefore often advisable for farmers to undertakie>
to perform what are called great days' works, few
one day of over exertion may cause weeks of de-
bility, if not months of sickness.

VOL. xiri. NO. 3.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

21

ITEMS OP ECONOMY.

The receipt below for making small Beer for
this hot weather is too good to remain as little
known. If you are disposed to insert it in your
paper, you may promote the comfort of your
frionds and the cause of temperance.

For making 3 gallons of Beer or 1 pail full, —
Take 1 quart West India Molasses,
20 drops Oil Spruce,
15 " Oil Wiutergreen,
10 " Oil Sassafras,
Fill the pail with hot water — mix them well — let
it stand until it has become lilood-warni — then
add one pint yeast — let it remain 10 or 12 hours
— liottle it — and in three hours it is fit for use and
first rate. Yours, W. Chester.

Thermometer at 95 in the shade, July 8. — Fre-
donia Censor.

JVeaninf; Calves. — Of the patience and attention
requisite in teaching calves to drink, a very inad-
equate idea only can he formed by those who
have never witnessed this tedious process. When
the animal has fasted two or three hours, the first
and second finger of the right hand, being previ-
ously well cleaned, are |)resented to its mouth ; of
these it readily takes hold, sucking very eagerly.
In the mean time a vessel of lukewarm milk is
placed and supported by the left hand, under the
calf's mouth, and while it is sucking, the right
hand is gradually sunk a little way into the ujilk
80 that it may lap a sufficient quantity without stop-
ping its nostrils, wliich will necessarily compel it
to cease for want of air. Should, however, either
from accident, or from too sudden precipitation of
the hand into the milk, the calf let go his hold,
the attempt must be repeatedly renewed till it is
crowned with success.

The time of weaning calves varies from one
fortnight till they are seven weeks old ; hut the
latter period is preferable on account of the weak
and tender state of the calves, if separated from the
dam before they are three weeks old.

Seeds. A dozen seeds which are perfectly ri-
pened and good, are worth any quantity of those
that are green and defective.

Cure for the Bolls or Grubs in Horses. If you
will excuse the subject, (for allhovgh graceless, it
is valuable not only to agriculturists but to all
classes, using that valuable animal the Horse,) I
send you a remedy I used while our coals were
brought to market in road wagons, which obliged
U3 to use a great number of horses; and I never
knew it fail of giving relief, in one to five minutes,
viz : Pour out half a gill of spirit of turpentine in-
to the hand, and rub it on the breast of the horse
while suffering ; let it be applied to the hollow or
pit of the stomach, just at the point where the
neck joins the breast, on a space six or eight in-
ches in diameter. The relief is certain, if the
grubs have not already cut through the coats of
the stomach. — Farmer's Register.

Cattle Food. — We learn from our traveller, that
during the winter months, cattle are fed in Ohio,
on Indian corn, cut up with the stem and foliage,
before the grain has beeome hard, and placed upright
in moderate sized shocks ; that in this way it
dries without mouldiuess ; and makes one of the
most succulent and nutritious articles of food ; and
that thousands of acres are cultivated for this pur-
pose.— Silliman's Journal.

Of 1,396,000 persons who have travelled by the
Liverpool and Manchester Rail Road, one passen-

ger only has lieen hurt !! The nett profit of that
road for the last six months was $49,884.

To keep off or drive aivay Bed-bugs. — Make n
strong decoction of red pejiper, when ripe, and
apply it with a conmion ])aint brush to the joints
of the bedsteads, wainscoting, «SiC. where these
odious insects usually resort, and it will speedily
kill or expel them.

Composts. — Sir John Sinclair says, " it has been
found that an excellent compost can be jirepared
by collecting all sorts of weeds, as thistles, docks,
nettles, fern, &c. before they have formed seed,
an<l laying them up with alternate layers of rich
earth. A great heat is soon raised, and by turn-
ing the heap over, the next spring the whole will
be resolved into a soft pulpy mass, the etleots of
which upon the soil are no way inferior to dung.
Thus a great nuisance may be converted into a
valuable manure."

To preserve Vines from bugs, &;c. — Glauber's
Salts, (Sulphate of Soda) an ounce dissolved in
about one quart of water and sprinkled on the
plants or vines is recommended as a preventive
against insects.

Cheap .Antidote. — There is not a house in the
country, (says an English Magazine) that does not
contain a remedy for poisoning if instantly admin-
istered. It is nothing more than two teaspoon-
fuls of made mustard mixed in warm water. It
acts as an instantaneous emetic. Jlakingthissim-
ple remedy known, may be the means of saving
many a fellow creature from an untimely death.

Hints to Houseu'ives. — Do not wrap knives and
forks in woollens. Wrap them in good strong
paper. Steel is injured by lying in woollens.

Do not let coffee and tea stand in tin. — Scald
your wooden ware often ; and keep your tin ware
dry.

Barley straw is the best for beds ; dry corn
busks slit into shreds are far better than straw.

Straw beds are much better for being boxed at
the sides; in the same manner upholsterers pre-
pare ticks for feathers.

Brass and irons should be cleaned, done up in
papers and put in a dry place, during the suujmer
season.

If you have a large family, it is well to kccji
white rags separate from colored ones, and cotton
separate from woollen ; they bring a higher price.
Paper brings a cent a pound, and if you have plen-
ty of room it is well to save it. " A penny saved
is a penny got."

Freneh Method of making Mortar for Buildings.
The method used by the masons in some parts ol
France, is to put lime in a sort of a trough raised
on four legs, about eighteen inches from the
ground, and then to [JOur in sufficient water to
slake the lime, adding when properly slaked, more
water, and stirring it until it is about the consis-
tence of thin milk. At one end of the trough is a
hole four inches square, covered with a wire grat-
ing, and closed with a wooden slide or shutter;
when the lime has been rendered liquid as above,
the shutter or slide is withdrawn, and the fluid
runs out through the wire grating into a reservoir
formed on the ground by the well sifted sand or
drift, with which sand or drift the fluid lime is
subsequently mixed to make the mortar. Is not
this a cleaner way than our clumsy one of sifting
the lime in the streets or roads through a coarse
sieve, covering with a destructive white powder
every thing near, and putting out the eyes of the

passer by ? It also makes a better mortar. — Lon.
Mec. Mag.

Hints and Receipts (from the A'urthcrn Farmer).
If a wound bleeds very fast, and there is no phy-
sician at hand, cover it with the scrapings of sole
leather scraped like coarse lint. This stops blood
very soon. Always have vinegar, camphor, iiarls-
horn, or something of that kind in readiness, as
the sudden stoppage of blood almost always makes
a person faint.

Bulm-of-Gilead buds bottled up in N. E. rum,
makes the best cure in the world for fresh cuts
and wounds. Every family should have a bottle
of it. The buds should be gathered in a peculiar
state ; just when they are well swelled, ready to
burst into leaves, and well covered with gum.
They last but two or three days in this state.

Plantain and house-leek, boiled in cream, and
strained before it is put away to cool, makes a
very cooling, soothing ointment. Plantain leaves
laid upon a wound are cooling and healing.

Half a spoonful of citric acid, (which may al-
ways be bought of the apothecaries,) stirred in
half a tumbler of water, is excellent for the head
ache.— F. Jl'.

Veal Olives. Cut long thin collops : beat them,
and lay on them thin slices of fat bacon, and over
a layer, or forcemeat seasoned high, with the ad-
dition of shred shalot and cayenne. Roll them
tight, about the size of two fingers, but not more
than two or three inches long ; fasten them round
with a small skewer : rub egg over and fry them
of a light brown. Serve with brown gravy.

Calfs Liver. Sliced : seasoned with pepper
and salt, and nicely broiled. Rub a bit of cold
butter on it, and serve hot and hot.

Roasted. Wash and wipe it : then cut a long
hole in it, and stuft'it with crumbs of bread, chop-
ped anchovy, herbs, a good deal of fat bacon,
onion, salt, jiepper, a bit of butter, and an egg.
Sew the liver up ; then lard or wrap it in a veal
caul, and roast it.

Serve with a good brown gravy, and currant-
jelly.

Citler (says the Farmer's Assistant) may be kept
for years in casks, without fermenting, by bury-
ing them deeply under ground, or immersing them
in tipring water ; and when taken up the cider will
be very fine.

Fermentation of cider may also he prevented by
first strongly fumigating the cask with burnt sul-
phur; then put in some of the cider, burn more
sulphur in the cask, stop it tight, and shake the
whole np together ; fill the cask, bung it up tight,
and put it away in a cool cellar.

A TEMPERANCE MAN.

HowABD, the celebrated philanthropist, was a
thorough-going temperance man. He abandoned
even the use of wine and malt liquors. In his
Memoirs, by Brown, will be found many notices
concerning strong drink. In his excellent house
at Ghent, their use was prohibited. A similar
regulation was introduced into the Parisian jails.
He found the English jails full of intemperance,
and despaired of their reform in other respects till
that evil was banished. He bequeathed five pounds
each to the poor cottagers at Cardington, who
should not have been to the ale house for twelve
months preceding his death. A pretty good testi-
mony on the question respecting the use of malt
liquors.

22

NEW ENGLAND KARMEIl

JULY 30. 1834.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 30, 1834.

PARMER'S WORK.

CraJline; Grain. Tiie iiso of the scythe and
rnidle for harvesting ".'rain is fraininn; ir,-ound in
llio New Enjrlarnl States ; and we tliink they will
eventually he; still more generally employed, when
till! advantages jiresented hy those impli.'nients have
heen further tested hy experience. The use of
tliese lahor-saving machines in the southern and
western States iss said to have been general for
many years, where their advantages are fully a|)-
preciated. We are told that a man accustomed to
the grain-cradle, will with tliat implement, cut, and
place in regular order for hinding into sheaves,
five acres in a day, or in less time than a good
reaper can cut one acre. This tlifl'erence is so
great that we helieve the scythe and cradle will he
universally adopted as a suhslitnte for the sickle,
except in cases where the grain is either very
thick and heavy, or much lodged and tangled,
and must therefore he hooked np and gathered
and cut off hy a process almost as tedious as count-
ing " each particular hair" on the hide of a hulFa-
loe.

The late John Lorrain, in his valuable work on
husbandry, has the following remarks on this sub-
ject :

" Custom has induced farmers generally to be-
lieve that it is an imiuoper and wasteful practice
to cut either wheat or rye with the scythe and cra-
ille. If the grain be neither lodged nor entangled,
it may be cut off as clean by the scythe and cradle
as by the sickle. If it be properly gathered and
bound, but little if any more loss will arise from
gathering it in this way. If the grain be cradled
in proper time, it shutters less on the whole than
when it is reaped and secured in the usual way.
It is readily granted that if grain be cradled and
reaped at the same time, it shatters niore by the
former practice. It should be recollected, howev-
er, that the very tardy progress of the sickle greatly
increases the shattering, by procrastinating the har-
vest so long that the chafl' opens, and much of the
grain falls out ; whereas the rapid progress of the
scythe and cradle cuts ofT the grain befure any
material loss from shattering can take place if the
cultivator commence in time. No evil but nnicli
good will arise I'nnn beginning early. This not
only prevents shattering, but also the risk of en-
countering (he various injuries to which the croj)
is exposed by useless delay.

Several sorts ami varieties of implements for
cradling grain have been used and reconnnended.
Among these is one described and figured. New
Kngland Farmer, vol. vii. p. 33, invented by Pay-
son Williams, Ks<\. of Fitchburg, Massschusctts.
They are also for sale at the Agricultural Ware-
house, Nos. 51 and 52 North Market street, Bos-
ton, made according to the latest and most ap-
proved construction.

Look to your Cattle, ^-c. Haying and harvest-
ing are now pressing avocations, but some other
things should not be neglected. Cattle, sheep and
horses in lields should be frequently inspected
and their wants supplied, or you will lose more
for want of care than you can gain by a summer's
hard work- See that the animals do not suffer
for want of shade, water, and good pasturage.

Ticks on Lambs. About this time your laml)s
will be infested with ticks escaped from the sheep

after shearing. To get rid of these troublesome
visitants you may <li|) the landj, back downward,
into a pretty strong decoction of tobacco, which
may be made from the stems for the sake of econ-
omy. After having destroyed the ticks as afore-
said, the residue of the decoction may be applied
to benefit slugs, ants, and other insects which in-
fest your fields and gardens.

Save and dry Herbs for Medicinal purposes.
Among others we would recotmnend balm, cham-
omile, colt's foot, elder fiowers, liore-hiiunil, hysop,
maidenhair, mint of several sorts, penny royal, rose
leaves, rosemary, rue, sallVon, sage, snake root,
summer savory, tansy, thyme, &c. They should
be gathered in dry weather, while in flower, and
dried in the shade.

From the Lowell JournaL
STINGLESS BKBS.

An account has been published, which we have
copied into our paper, of bees from South America
without stings. There is a class of bees common
in this country without stings. They are small
bumblebees so calleil, and only a part of the tribe
are armed with this formidable weapon. The dif-
ference can only be known by ilie color of their
faces — or if any one prefers it, by actual trial.
Those who have stings look amazing black and
surly, while a white strip runs down each cheek
of the stingless sort, and gives them quite a gentle,
beneficent cast of coimtenance. We have seen a
country chap, " who knew bees," stand by a clus-
ter of fragrant flowers, " where the bee sucked"
and take them up one by one as he cliose to select
the right sort, to the great amusement of the by-
standers. After satisfying all that the bees would
not sting him, he explained the difference, and
other persons found by trial that they were per-
fectly harmless, even when provoked by careless
handling.

ITEMS OP INTELIilGEKCE.

Harvest — The present is a busy season with farmers,
Within the last fortnight, abundant crops of hay have
been well cured and safely housed or stacked. We do
not remember a season when the article was more plen-
tiful, or of bettor quality.

Most of the wheat and rye in this region and in the
lower townships has been cut during the past week, and
much of it safely gathered. We learn that the crops
are very fair in quantity — and the quality of the grain
excellent.

The growing flax and oats bid fair to give the 1ms-
bandmau an ample remuneration for liis labor this sea-
son. We have never seen the crops look more promis-
ing— the time for gathering is j>ist at hand.

Corn and potatoes are both growing rapidly at the
present lime and appear promising.

Alibough the spring was cold toalate period, the sum-
mer tl'.us far lias been very favorable to vegetation. —
IltintcnloH (S. J.) Gnzi'ttc.

Ertrdordinary Rrrnnnitiun. — A man has lately return-
ed to England, after an absence of thirty -six years, who
was engaged, in the year 17118, with nineteen others, in
the murder of an innocent and inoffensive man. He
was iiinnediately recognized and committed to prison, —
.and his identity and guilt, it is stated, can be established
heyonil doubt. Of his nineteen comrades, eighteen, were
condemned and executed for that and other murders,
and the otiier was shot in attempting to escape from jail.
— V. i'. Commerriitl.

Hon Edward P'verett has consented to deliver an Eu-
logy on Lafayette, before the Young Men of Boston.

Grain. — Accounts from various parts, west and south,
represent that the wheat crop will lie great, and of good
quality. 50U0 bushels of new wheat have been received
in Nev.' York from North Carolina. Flour from this new
wheat is selling at $G,!jO per barrel. Western flour, 4,^7
to ^.'J.OO. Corn and rye have advanced a trifle in New
York. Corn is 70 to 71 cents, rye 05 to 6G.

The wheat in Northampton meadow is much blasted,
and the crop will be light. The rye is also mueh injured.
The blast extends to some of the uplands in this vicinity -
The late warm, rainy, dug-day weather, has been very
favorable for corn, but quite unpropitious for rye and
wheat. Tlie wheat sown early, sutlers less than that
sown late. Haymakers have been troubled with what is
called catcliintr weather. — Hatnpshire Gazette.

A Miss Decker, a young lady about seventeen years
of age, w<is literally burnt to death, by her clothes catch-
ing fire, near the Horse Head, Tioga co. Her clothes
caught wliile she was in the act of stooping, while near
the fire; and all her efforts to put them out were unsuccess -
ful. She then ran a distance of about sixty rods, to her
father, her clothes enveloped in flames, and parts of her
flesh were actually seen in a blaze.; making a noise sim-
ilar to meat in the act of frying. — Susqackaiuia lleg.

Grain. — We noticed last week an arrival of .'lOOO bush-
els new wheat from North Carolina, which sold at iii!!,!'^ ;
since then two small lots have reached us. One was in-
ferior, and sold at 1 ,01 , and the -other good, sold at 1 ,15 ;
as the crop is all in at the south, and as they thrash it
out early, supplies will soon be large. Corn has been
brisk and sold at an advance, full 15.000 northern has
sold at 71 cents, and two cargoes southern at 70 cents.
Sales of oats at 38 a 40 ; rye (iO a GG. We have accounts
from all parts of our country that the crop of wheat is
most abundant and the quality never better. — JV. Y. pap.

Monthly Strmrbcrries, Judge Darling of New Haven,
professes to suppl}' that market with strawberries, not
only all .summer, but half tlie fall. They are the niontli-
ly strawberry, the cultivation of which he has improved
so far as to furnish a daily supply. It is a beautiful and
delicious ft\i\\..— Boston Cciiiinel.

Darien Railroad. — M. Justo Paredes, a merchant of
Panama, has petitioned for and obtained from the pro-
vincial assembly of that province, a grant of the exclu-
sive privilege of constructing a rail-road from the Atlan-
tic to the Pacific, across the isthmus of Darien. The
Kingston, (Jamaica) Chronicle speaks of tliis important
work as likely to be accoiniilished under the auspices of
Mr. Paredes, who is represented as enjoying a high rep-
utation, personal, commercial and political.

HoiD Wise. Week before last, during a severe thun-
der storm, the meeting house in Chester was struck with
lightning, and it like to have shivered the venerable fab-
ric into a cocked hat. Some of the seniors of the village
were astounded, and began to question the utility of
lightning rods. ' There's no security here,' says one,
and ' I never had any faith in them are rods,' says an-
other. ' I've always been thinking that was only wast-
ing the parish money,' remarked a third, and '1 have no
idc you can stop tlie lightning from going where its a
mind to,' says the fourth. In the mean time somebody
had examined the rod. and found it in a suitable condi-
tion at the top to receive the shock, but farther than that,
it did not extend within twenty feet of the ground ! It
was so fixed as to attract the electricity at the top, and
then convey the fluid right into ibe meeting-house ! —
JS'vrthumpton Covrier.

Gold Region in Georgia. — A correspondent of the
Georgia Washington News, says that, ' There has been
obtained from the very valuable deposite mine of Capt.
John Richardson, on Duke's Creek, Habersham county,
since the beginning of last winter, 11000 dwts. of gold. —

VOL,. XIII. NO. 3.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

23

usuMMintiMU&ini'U

Tliis spleiuiul amount was collected by one company of
hands, working only one iiiacliine, from half an aero of
iand. The mine bids fair to be extensive and equally
ricli.'

IVorrester RtuJ Road. We are informed that the total
number of persons conveyed by the Worcester Rail
Road cars thus far, exceed thirty-four thousand, of which
we understand more than twenty-six thousand were for
tickets sold fur 3T 1-3 cents each, thus makinir tlie hand-
some sum of upwaids of nine thousand dollars since tlie
*Jtli of April hist.

Tliere can be no doubt ihat this undertaking will
prove a profitable one. The travel will of course in-
crease as the road extends. — Boston Journal.

Moneij. The New York Advertiser says the determin-
ation of the United States Bank to extend their dis-
counts, togetlier witU the abundance of specie, has given
confidence to the public, and tlie money market is in bet-
ter state tban it iias been for the last nine months.

'• Things are returning to an old fasliioned sound state,
wliich gives coniidence to every thing."

Rats. Accounts of Rats biting and sometimes kilUng
infants, are read with some degree of incredulity. There
is no doubt, however, that such things have occurred.
Jiecently, a woman in Cbester was awakened in tbe
night by the sudden screaming of lier child, lying by
her side. Having got up and lit a candle, she tound
the child's face covered with blood, and on examining
sJie discovered that the nose had been j)ierced in two
places by something about as large as the teeth of a rat.
No rat was seen, but there was a hole near the earth by
which these animals sometimes came into the room, and
slie and others fully believe tliat the wounds were made
by a rat. — Hampshire Gazette.

KNGLiiSH WOUICS OX AGUK. (JL.TUK.K.

Dr. Dickson's I'raciical At!;riculiuif. in iwn voluuieSj 12fi0
pages, with numerous: engravinjjs iuid ciilorcd pl;iles.

Ounpleie Fanner, or f;encrai dictionary ui' Ai^ncullurc and
Husbandry, wiih many engravings, in li';UO pages.

Tbe Coiuplett^ Grai:ier willi p\AlQS, stcoi/d handml. GOO pn^e'i

The above wdl be sold very low, liavinii;^ been paili;dlv used.

July IGili. GEO. C. BAKUETT.

TUUMP SEED.

For Sale at the N. E. Seed Store, 51 and 52, North Market
street, Early Dutch Turnip, Early Garden .St*ine ditto, Yellow
8inue do. ; White Flat Wniler do. ; Long Yellow l-'rench do.j
Yellow Aberdeen do ; Kuta Bag;a do.

The two last arc excellent kuids for Cattle. jc 18

FRUIT TREES.

MRNAnrKNTAi. TREES, ROSES, FLOWER-
ING I'LANTS, &c. NuKSKRY ol VVILLIAJM
KENRICK in Newton, 5.^ milt's from Boston

by the Citij Mills j and ^ a mile frorti the Worcester

itaiL ItoaU.

A rare collection of Fruit frees. Trees and shrubs of orna-
inonl, Roies, Dahlias, &lv. Tins INursfry now covers com-
pacily, the mo>i part of lo acres ; and includes of Trees and
plauts in difl'orent stages of growth, from two to three hundred
thousand. 0\'ncw ciieOnited Peurs alone. 150 kinds, a part ol
wliich lia\'ing been already proved in onrcliinate, are espec-
ially rcconnncneed. Of Pi-aches, a Caj)ital Colleeiion, for
extensive numbers and fine kinds — Apples — Cherries — Plums
— Nectarines — Apricots — .\lmonds — Quinces — Grape Vines
— Currants — Raspberries — Gooseberries — Strawberries — Figs,
&c.— Selections from the best varieties known.

MoRUs Ml'lticaui.is, ok Nlw Chinese JMulberrt, so
celebrated for the food of silkworms.

Of ROSES. A superb collection of from 300 to 400 hardy
and China varieties ; from numerous importations, and tirst
rale sources. White Flowering Horse Chesnuls, Weeping
Willows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Silver Firs, Venetian Su-
in^ch, Altheas, Honeysuckles, Azaleas, &.c. &c. — in all, of
CJruamental trees, and shrulis, G50 varieties. Of Herbace-
ous tiovvering Plani?. SCO choice varieties, including the finest
kinds of Phonics, and iOd splendid varieties of Double Dahbas.

Gentlemen arc invited to torward ihcir orders early in Au-
lumn. bfifi:; an excellent season for transplanting. Address
k» WILLIAM KEiXRlCK, Newton. Trees, Redelivered in
Bostou free ol charge for transportation, and suitably packed,
and from thence when ordered duly forwarded, by land or sea.
Or orders will receive the same aiteiuion if left'with Geo. C.
1JA.RRKTT, who is agent, at his seed store and iNew England
Farmer Office, Nos. 51 &: 52, North Market Street, Bostou,
Catalogues gratis on application. Je 25

KOTICE,

SuBscKiBKRS to the New England Farmer can have their
vnluntes neatly hall bound, and leilered lur 75 cents, by leav
ing them attlie FarmeiMJiiice, missing numbers supplied.

FARMERS ATTEAiO.

A GENTLEMAN who intends lo embark lur Europe, in Octo-
ber next, wishes lo engage an experienced Farmer to take
charge of his farm of about forty acres, distant seven miles
Irom lioslon. .Said larm is easy of euliivalion, is in good or-
iler,well slocked, and lias a houae upon it, in which said larmer
could reside.

Liberal wages will be paid, but no person need apply unless
he can give die best recoinmeiidalion-^, aiitl has a practical
knowlcMlge of his business. Apply at this office. epif jyliJ

BRASS SYRIMOiKS.

Jtisl received at the Agnculiuial Warehouse, a good assort
ment of Willis's improved iirass Svringes tbrGreen Houses
Grape Vines, &-c. itc. — see Complete Farmer, page M^lt.

je4 J. K. NEWELL.

REVOLVING horse: RAISES.

Just received, a few more \evy superiur Revolving Horse
Rakes. I'hese rakes which have this reason been used hy some
of our liest Practical Farmers are very much approved. They
rake \Gry clean and \<sty expe<bliously,

For Sale at the Agricultural Warehouse. j)'^3

GRAIN CRADLES.

For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, 52 North Market st.
a lew niore of Willis's Improved Gram Cradles, with Cast
Steel Scythes, a veiy superior article. jy-^

WHITE OUTCH CLOVER.

Received this week direct from Hulland luUO lbs. superior
While Clover, warianled free Irom any kind of foul seed,
and at least worth one third more than American, 'i'his wiU
be found an excellent Grass for Pasture land, iSic.

alCi GEO. C. BARRETT, New ICngland Seed Store

UAMAGED BISHOPS LAW iiV AAU MtSLIJSS.

ELIAK STONE RREWER, at No. 414 Washington
Street, will open Itir sale this day,

1 Case wet (but not damaged) Bishops Lawn.
I do. do. do. Book Muslin.

Also, 1 do. Superfine (i-4 Cambric Dlmoties, whicli will be
otlered by the Piece at 25 per cent, less than cost of importa-
tion, m 14

STRAAV CARPETING.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, i\o. 414 Washington street,
has received a lot ol lUb pieces superior straw carpeting white
and fancy checks, 5-4,(3-4, and 7-4 widths, which lie will sell
by the piece or yard at very low prices. Also, Canton Straw
ial>le inatts. istf. a ib.

COMPLETE SET OF THE FARMER.

One complete set of I^ Volumes of the New England Farmer
bound in excellent style. For sale at the Farmer Office. This
will be found to make a valuable Library for an Agriculturist.

SUPERIOR TURKIP SEED.

W'm. Prince and Suns, proprietors of ihe
LinuLcan Gaideu and Nurseries at Flushing, have

al! the ibllowing varieties of TUIiNIPS growing

for Uiu inspection of those who desire to view them, and they
can in consequence guarantee the cieellence and accuracy ol
their seeds, wliich they oilier in large or small quantities al very
moderate prices, to venders and all others.

600 lbs. Ruia Baga, or Swedish Turnip, of the superior

purple lop variety.
400 lbs. Large White Norfolk field, for eatlie.
200 lbs. Large Yellow Bullock, for cattle.
200 Ihs. Fine Yellow Aberdeen, for cattle.
150 lbs. Yellow Flat, for table.
iOulbs. White Flat, lor table and cattle.
250 lbs. White Globe.
250 lbs. Red Top, or Red Round.
It'O Ihs. (ireen Top, or Green Round.
100 liis. Long Tankard or Hanover.
150 Ihs. Early White Garden Stone.
2U0 lbs. Early White Dutch.
100 U.S. Early Yellow Dutch.
KlO lbs. Purple 'J'op, Yellow Scotch.
Also, Dale's Yellow Hybrid, Yellow Stone six weeks. Red
six weeks, t»r Red Stone, Yellow Maltese, White Swedish, Yel-
low A liringham, Swan's Egg, French Early Long, French Yel-
low Long, French Black Sugar. Moustail, or six weeks, Scar-
esbrook, or Preston Vellow, Berlin or Yeltan, tfc,c. liie whole
forming a complete conrentration of the choicest varieties ob-
tainable in foreign eeuiiiries, or in our own.

They have also a nmsi superior collection, comprising every
other choice variety of Vegetable, Field and Flower seed, most
esteemed in European or American gardens, all of which they
have growing in specimen beds for inspection. A large num-
ber of the choicest varieties aie entirely new.

Catalogues with prices will be sent to every applicant, and
orders executed with the utmost exactitude and despatch.
N. B. — 1000 lbs. superior Provence Luzerne, at 25 els.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

barrel
buslifl
barrel

KltOM

pound

poiuid
l)u,liel
barrel

ousiiel

(prime)

2 50

7 76

G 25

15

y

5

45

40

10

I 62

5 25

ApvLKS.russels,

JiKASis, HJlile,

Ukkf, inc.is, (new)

CargOj No. 1

prime,

Rkkswax, (American) ....
BuT'i'KRjiiispecletl, No. 1, new,

Chkksk, new milk,

skimmed jiiilk, ....

Feathers, nonhorn. geese, . . .

soulliern, geese, . . .

Flax, Amejican,

Flaxseeu,

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.
Jialtiniore, Howard sir. new
iitdtimore,uliarl", . . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, iioriliern yellow, . .
southern yellow, . .

while,

Rye, Norlhern, ....

Barley,

Oals, Norlhern,
Hay, best English,

Easlern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

lloi's, 1st quality

td ijualily

Laru, I^'osioiijlslsort, (none)

Soulhern, 1st sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . , ,

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass. inspec., extra clear, .

Navy, Jless,

lione, middlings, ....

Seeds. Herd's Grass,

Ued 'Pop, northern. . . .
Ileil Clover, norlhern, . .
WhileUutch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried

From tlie Boston Gourier.
Wool, Duty, the value whereof at the
place of exportation shall not exceed
8c per U> free. All whereof the value
exceeds 8c per lb 40 pcrct ad val and

4c per lb. Smce our last review, the

quantity of new Wool received has
been (juile limited, and mostly on ac-
count nfmanufaclurers. The icwsales
fleece Wool which have been made
during the weeii. have been confined
to some small lots at a reduction ol
price 10 a loc pei- lb on the prices obtained last fall; sales of
No. 1, pulled, have been made to a moderate extent al from 40
to 4.5c per lb. We omit quotations, as the unsettled stale of the
market prevents our giving correct prices. Advices received
litis day from London, dated June 14lh, state, that " the busi-
ness in fine Wool continues in a very depressed slale, — Medi-
terranean Wool of a similar description maintains the late ad-
vance of from 5 a 10 per cent. Buenos Ayrcs and Peruvian find
buyersal from 5 to 7d for former, and 10 a lid fi^x the latter."

PROVISJOJS MARKET.

gallon
pound

pound

lb.

pound

lb.

pound
it

cask
barnj

)ushel

pound

pound

2 00

lu (Id

7 50

<i 01

K

Ki

a
H

40

35

9

1 50

5 00

5 37

5 25

5 25

72

GS

G7

05

GO

41

20 00

10 00

12 00
3G

y

7

7
17
10
15
lij
21
22
85
17 00

13 01,

2iJ
7 00

5 50
5 37
73
69
68
75
65
42
21 00

12 00

13 00
46
12

^
IS
12
17

20
23
24
SO
18 i:0
13 50

2 50

1 00

8

33

7 50

retail prices.

Hams, northern, . .
southern, . .
Pork, whole hogs, .
Poultry, (uncertain)
BtiTTER. (tub) . . .
lumj), new, .
Efios,

Potatoes, (new) . . . .
CiuER, (accordingto quality,

pound

^

8

6i

12

18

dozenk

14

bushel

75

barrel

2 00

10
9

7

14

20

15

1 00

3 00

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, July 28, 1834.
Rcporteil for the Daily Advertiser and Patriot.

Al Market this day, 380 Beef Cattle, 15 cows, and calres,
2300 sheep, and I'JO swiue. About 70 Beef cattle remain un-
sold.

Prices. Bi-ef Cattle — A falling olT from last week of
about 25c per hundred. We quote prime at 5 a5 25j good at
4 50 a 4 75 ; thin at 3 50 a 4 25.

Cows and Calves—We noticed sales at 22, 23, 26, and g32.

iS/ifcp-Lots were taken at 1 50, 1 62, 1 75, 1 84, 1 92, 2,
2 17, 2 25, and 2 50. Wethers at 3, 3 25, 3 60 and g4.

Swine — Dull— No sale of loti noticed; a f w only were re-
tailad at about last week's prices.

21

NEV/ ExNGLAND FARMER.

JtJI,Y 30, 1834.

MISCELLANY.

TO MY WIPE.

rn.i.ow lliy head upon this hearl

Rlv own, my cherished wife ;
And let us for one hour forget

Our dreary path of hfe;
Then let me kiss Ihy tear away

And bid remembrance flee
Back to the days of halcyon youth,

When all was hope and glee.
Fair was the early promise, love,

Of our joy-freighted barque;
Sunlit and lustrous too. the skies,

Now all so tfun and dark ;
Over a stormy sea, dear wife,

\Vc drive with shattered sail.
But love sits smiling at the helm.

And mocks the threat'nuig gale.
Come, let me part those clustering curls,

And gaze upon thy brow —
How many many memories

Sweep o'er niy spirit now ?
How much of happiness and grief-
How much of hope and fear.
Breathes from each dear loved lineament

Most eloquently here.
Thou gentle one, few joys remain

To cheer our lonely lot.
The storm has left our paradise

With but one sunny spot ;
Hallow'd forc'erwill be that place
To hearts like thine and mine—
'Tis where our childish hands upreared

Aflection's earliest shrine.
Then nestle closer to this breast.

My fond and faithful dove I
Where, if not here, should be the ark

Of refuge for thy love ;
The poor man's blessings and his curse

Pertain alike to me.
For shorn of worldly wealth dear wife,
Am I not rich in thee ?

From the Boston Medical and Surgical Jmnuil.
MINUTE OBSERVATION IN NATURAL HIS-
TORY.

The importance of tiiiiiute observalion in. subjects
pertaining to nattiral history is vvtll exemplifieil in
some researches rccoiilly made hy Dr. Biiclilanf], in
England, and noticed liy SirCharlcs Bell. Among
tlie curiosities in the county of Yorkshire, are
caves liollowed out in the limestone rock of great
extent, in which are found the hones of n great
variety of animals ; tlie hones of the eloi)haiit, of
the rliinoccros, of tlie ox, of the deer ; tlie hones of
carnivorous animals with immense teeth ; tlie bones
of the tiger, of hears, of wolves, and of birds, and
so on to the lesser tribes, even to rats and mice.
It has been therefore a subject of much spectilation
how animals, naturally hostile, should have herded
together in tliese caves, or in what manner they
could have been brought together. Dr. Buckland
found at the bottom of the cave, gravel and loam
deposited in such a manner as to correspond witii
the alluvial deposites in the parts of the country in
which they occur, and that the cave has been
closed up by the last great inimdation of water.
On the threshold of the cave were certain bones,
smooth on one surface. Among them was the
the tooth of M elephant, placed in a certain way,
so as to be fixed and stationary on the ground,
and a part of it sinoothened, as if done by the fre-
quent passage, tho ingress and egress of an animal.
The next circumstance noticed was that the bones

were broken, willintit presenting any marks of th:\t
sort of attrition which they would experience in
the running water of a tide or stream : the frac-
ture was sharp without polish. A portion of the
hone being placed in acid, i)hosphate and carbo-
nate of lime were removed, and animal jelly re-
mained. This is not what takes place in a fossil
bone; for in that the animal matter is removed,
and another matter is infiltrateil, lime or mineral,
into the cavities which are intermediate between
the portions of hone. The inference, therefore,
was that it was not a fossil bone, and that no
grand revolution of the earth has taken place since
it was there deposited, or there broken.

The next thitig discovered was an enormous
rpiantity ofHyena.s' teeth, not less than 300cuspa-
diti or canine teeth having been discovered which
from their size implied extrttordinary strength in
tlie molares and in the jaw. There were next
found small round nodules of matter in the cave,
the nature of which was not at first obvious, but
which when analysed appeared to consist of phos-
phate of lime. Dr. Buckland showed ihem to a
keeper of wild beasts, who at once recognised
lliem as the feculent deposit of the hyena. lie
then compared the condition of the hyena as now
nown and described by travellers, with the facts
apparently disclosed in the cave, and found that
within the dens of living hyenas these broken
bones are to be seen, and that there are also frag-
ments scattered around the dens. This last cir-
cumstance, however, could not well have taken
place in the caves of Yorkshire, for the waters
which ))assed over the surface must have buried
all fragments in the loam or gravel. Every thing
else is (bund there in the same state as in the den
of the animal as it now lives in other climates.

By all these circumstances. Dr. B. satisfied him-
self that those caves did not contain the remains
of a collection of animals uiiieli took shelter there,
while they were alive, but that the caves were the
home of the hyena, and that the bones of the an-
imals found there, many of which were of such a
size that they could not liiive reached such a lurk-
ing place of theiiiselveg, were brought thither by
the hyena ; and he found a confirmation of this
view in the manner in which the bones were brok-
en and the marrow taken out. In order to test
this matter still further, he took a large bone of
an ox and gave it to a hyena, and set himself to
observe the niiinner in wdiich. the animal gnawed
the end of it, broke the central part, and licked out
the marrow ; he then compared the bone which
had been so treated with those fotind in the cave,
and th(;y corresponded exactly. Thus by com-
mencing with the facts disclosed in the form of
the teeth, and following up with careful induction,
the chain of evidence, he was enabled to solve
satisfactorily an appearance which but for his sa-
gacity might forever have reinainetl inexplicable.

after, it was found so completely incru.sted that
it was at first thought to be converted into cop-
per. This accident suggested the advantage of
laying bars of iron in the streams, by means of
which the copper in the water was ))recipilated
upon the iron, which became corroded by the pro-
cess, and fell to the bottom as a reddish mud, and
which on being taken out and dried, appeared a
sort of dust of the same color, in which state it
was ready for smelting. About 500 tons of iron
were laid at one time in these pits; in about
twelve months the bars become dissolved ; one ton
of iron yielding a ton and a half, and sometimes
nearly two tons of the metalliferous preci|iitat«,
and each ton of the latter |irodueing 16 cwt. of
pure copper. It is a knowledge of thisaflinity b«-
tween the two metals that has furnished the min-
ers with a very simple hut almost infallible meth-
od of ascertaining whether the ore contains cop-
per. They drop a little nitric acid upon the nines,
and after a while dip a feather into the acid and
draw it over the polished blade of a knife ; and if
there be the smallest quantity of copper present,
it will be precipitated on the stee\.—Lardner's
Cyclopedia.

SHREWD INTERPRETATION.

A Gf.rma.n Prince having in a dream seen three
rats, one fat, the other lean, and the third blind,
sent for a celebrated Bohemian Gipsey and de-
manded an explanation. " The fat rat" said the
sorceress " is your prime minister — the lean rat
yotir people — and the blind rat yourself."

VAL.UAB1.E NEW WORK ON AGRICU1.TURE.

This dav Published, by Geo. C. Barritt, at the Oflic« of
the N E Farmer, — 'J'hc
COMPLETE FARMER and RURAL ECONOMIST,

By 'i'HOS. G. FtSSliNDEN, Esq.

Containing a compendious epitome of the most importenl
branches of . Agriculture and Rural Economy, and the following
subjects arranged in order :
Soils Wheat, Beans, Mangel WuUmI,

Grasses, Rye, Swine, Ruta Baga,

Grain Oats, Lime &. Gypsum, Potatoes,

Neat Cattle, Barley, Fences, Haymaking,

Barns, Millet, Hedges, Ploughing,

Dairy Hops, Sheep, Pi.ullry,

Hemp, Peas, Horses, Wood:

and to which is added— Descriptions of the most appro»ed Im-
plements and Machines, with Engravings.

The work is piinted on the best ol paper, and is intended Rjr
a Farmer's Directory, which every farmer should be possessed
of, and relying upon an extensive sale will be afl'urded a^ the
low price of Si. J*^-*^

THE COPPER SPRINGS

— In the county of Wicklow in Ireland, owed the
discovery of their valuable (juality to the following
circumstance. About the middle of the eigh-
teenth century, when the ojiening of the rich
mines of Crone-bawn, had compensated the loss
of the more ancient workings of Ballymurtagh, a
workman happened to leave an iron shovel in one
of the levels from the former mine, by which is-
sued a copious stream strongly impregnated with
copper ; on taking out the implement some weeks

THE NEW ENGI.AND FARMER

Is niiblished every Wednesday Evening, at gS per annum
payable at the end of ihc year— but those who pay within
Tixty daysfrom the time of subscribing,are entitledto a deduo-
tlon of fifty cents.

[]j= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

° AGENTS.

New Fori- G.Thorburn &. Sons, 67 Liberty-street.
yl//,„,„,_WM.THoiiBU UN, 347 Market-street.
l'l,il,ulelvhia—Yt. & C. Landrkth, 85 Chesnut-strcel.
Uriliimore—i. I- HiTCHCocK, Publisher ol American Farmer
Ci„rinnati-i^. C. Parkhurst, 23 Lower Market-street
Flii.sliinir N. 1'.— Will. Prince & Sons, Prop. Lin. Bol. Gar.
Miitdtebury, 17.— Wight Chapman. Merchant.
//„,//brrf— GooiiwiN & Co. Booksellers.
Av»/mri/f)0'<— EiiKNKZP.R Stkdm AN. Bookseller.
Portsmouth. N. It.— J. W. Foster. Bookseller.

■iwiista. jI/c— WiLLARP Snell, Druggist.

]\-Mdstock. Vl.—J. A. Pratt. ,„„,,,
Poitland.Me.—CnhM\fi, Holden & Co. Booksellers.
/}«njror,iW''.—WM. Mann, Druggist.
Halifax, JV. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.

St. Louts— (iKei. HOLTON.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Ford & Damrell,
who execute every description of Book and Fa7try Prmt-
,„,r in Tood style, "and with promptness. Orders for pnni-
i,i2 may be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at the Agricul-
tural Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

I¥EW ENGL.AND FAMMER.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse. )-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 6, 1834.

NO. 4.

From tht \ iitiutia Farmer's Registtr.
ON THE USE OP MARIKK MANURES.

It has often been to me a siil'ject of surprise,
that ihe various siibstiiiiccs aboiirnliiigoii the shores
of the Chesiipeake and its tribiitarics, and which,
for the want of a jreiierii^ name, I sliall class under
thtt <;oneral- head of 7nm-ine manures, have attracted
so little attention in Vir<rinia. Whilst our more
enterprising and industrious neijrhliors of Maryland,
have by the liberal use of these mean.s, been con-
verting a h.irren and exhausted soil into fertile and
productive lields, the farmers of Eastern-Virginia,
with the most abiimlant resources wiihiu their
reacli, seem to have been almost entirely ignorant
of their value, or indilterent about their applica-
tion. I deeni it not andss, therefoie, to call the
attention of the farmers on/tidewater to the value
of these resources, by communicatilig for your
Register, though in a hasty and imperfect manner,
my e.xperiujents and redeetioris ou this interesting
sidiject,

Under llie bead of mnrive manures, I shall em-
brace, in the order of their respective values, sen-
weeil, (Ai^a Marina,) or sea ware, as it is called
on the Eastern Shore of Maryland ; Indian bank
shells, oyster shell lime, and marsh muil.

About two years ago, finding it utterly vain to
improve a large and exhausted farm, by the un-
aided resources of the stable and fartu yard, I de-
termined to look out for some other means of im-
provement. I accordingly coimnenced, on my
Potomac farm, vigorous and e.\teiisi\'e operations,
with the marine manures of which I have spoken.
1 committed a fatal error however, at the outset,
Ju adhering to the ruinous three shift system, with-
out the aid of artificial grasses; U|)oii which, I
verily believe, no great or pernjanent im|iroveinent
can he effected, with any thing short of a moun-
tain of stable manure, and hands ami teams with-
out limit, to a(iply it. It is true that upon this
system, by great attention, ami the regidar appli-
cation of all the fertilizing means within reach of
our tiilewater farms, crops may be considerably in-
creased, and the laiul grailually improved : lint let
this great attention be ill the least remitted, and the
diminished returns of the farm will soon demon-
strate the deterioration of the land. I have since
adopted the four field rotation, with a standing
pasture, and the extensive cultivation of clover ;
and I have no doubt I shall soon reap the reward
of my labor, in the increase of my cro|)S, and the
permanent improvement of my land.

I soon found in the application of manures, that
no great reliance could be pl.iced on the occasion-
al services of the farm hands and teams. I there-
fore detailed for that exclusive purpose a n^gular
force, consisting of a man, a woman, and two
small boys just large enough to follow the carts,
with two carts projierly constructed, anil an iibun-
dant supj)ly of oxen. With this force exclusively
devoted to collecting ami carting out manure, I
applied during the last year, upwards of 500U loads.
The whole annual expense, including estimated
wages, wear and tear of the carts, «Stc. may be
fairly set down at $2.50, making the manure cost
about Jive cents a load. Yet few of our fitrmers
can he convinced that they can spare time arid la-
bor for this essential operation.

My farm bordering more than a mile on the Po-
tomac, aflbrds a fine opportunity of collecting the
seaweed; and my princi[)al and most successful
experiments have been with this valuable manure.
For nine months in the year, from the 1st of Au-
gust to the 1st of May, it is in great abundance,
and my carts have Dsually carried out, according
to circumstances, from 15 to 30 loads a <l;iy. Dur-
ing the last year I applied to various crops about
3000 loads of this manure, and with great effect
upon all. Sly first experiment was with corn. I
ajiplied it at the rate of about 70 loads to the acre,
in the water furrows of a field intended for corn
the next year, and listed upon it. The eflect on
the corn was immediate and powerful, doubling, 1
am confident, the crop on the poorest and lightest
parts of the field, and greatly improving it wherever
ap|ilied. I next applied it on a piece of very poor
land, at the same rate, and fiillowed for wheat,
leaving in the middle of the lot a sjrace of two
acres, uimianured, which bail previously been
sowed, as an experiment, with cow-peas. The
whole was put in wheat during the first week in
Septend)er, 1832. The wheat on the niaiinred
land grew off beautifully, leaving far behimi that
on the other part of the lot. At Christmas it was
exceedingly promising, but unfortunately having
been sowed too early, the fly in the sjiring nearly
destroyed it. During the same fill, I ap|ilied the
sea weed as a top dressing to the poorest parts of
my wheat and corn land ; and in parts of the field
I had it ploughed in with the wheat. Both appli-
c.itiims produced most decided effects, the growth
of wheat being thick and luxuriant on land which
before this manuring was not considered capable of
producing wheat at all. The fatal mildew, how-
ever, of the last summer, greatly injured the crop,
although it did not aftect those portions of the
field by any means as much, as other parts to
which this manure had not been applied.

My next experiment was with oats, on which
the clt'ect of this manure was tridy astonishing. I
selected the poorest knoll in my field, bordering
upon a small stream, along the side of which was
a strip of land considered rich. I gave a liberal
dressing to the knoll, and left the bottom umnanur-
ed, and fallowed during the winter for oats, which
were sowed in March at the rate of two bushels to
the acre. When I prepared this jiiece of land for
oats, an intelligent neighbor and friend of ndne
remarked to me, that if I succeeded in getting a
crop from it, he would never afterwards doubt the
eflieacy of sea weed.

We visited the farm together shortly before liar-
vest, and ho expressed the greatest astonishment
at the growth of the oats. The line was distinctly
visible which marked the extent of the manuring;
the oats ou the poor knoll being from G to 12 in-
ches liigber than those on the rich bottom. I
verily believe I do not exaggerate, when I say that
the oats were higher than some of the corn stalks
of the crop preceding the manuring. I tried this
manure also as a top dressing for oats, followed
by clover, with decided benefit on both crops. Its
great efficacy in counteracting the effects of drought
is very remarkable, and was strikingly exhibited
in my field of corn during the excessive drought
of last sumnier. The parts manured with sea

my experi-

weed continued green, long after the rest ;)f the
field had faded, and produced a tolerable croji, not-
wiihstanding the great severity of the drought. I
am now making an application of it, the operation
of which I have yet to test. I am |o|i-d|-essing a
field of clover sowed last spring, that I design to
fidlow for wheat next sunmier. I have been in-
fijrmed by an intelligent gentleman who witnessed
the experiment in New-.Iersey, that good farmers
in that State purchase this manme on the sea coast
at 25 cents a load, and after carting it several
miles itito the interior, apply it with jirofit to their
grass lands. 1 have little doubt that
ment will be successful.

In an admirable treatise on agricidtnrc in tlio
New Edinburgh Encyclopaedia,* (to which, if it
has not already attracted your notice, I would be<'
leave to direct your attention, as furnishing many
valuable extracts for your Register,) the opinion is
expressed, tlnit " in one respect sea tceed is prefer-
able to the richest dung, because it does not pro-
duce such a rinantity of weeds." I do not know
whether its effect will be .so permanent or not, but
lor a single crop, I hazard nothing in saying that
in suflicient cpiantity it is equal to the beat stable
manure.

The wonderful effects of this manure are Dot to
be attributed so much to the vegetable matter
which it contains, as to the quantity of salts and
animal mucilage intermixed with it. It is doubt-
less this animal tnatter (consisting of sea nettles
young shell fish, and the spawn and freces of the
finny tribe,) ihat produces so striking an eflect on
wheat on light lands. According to the writer in
the Encyclopa'dia to whom I have referred, it has
produced a wonderful effect on the sea coast of
England, imparting to light lands suflicient tenaci-
ty to product; wheat and resist mildew. I do not
know what this manure would yield on analysis;
but I think it probable a quantity of gluten would
be afforded, which is essential to the growth of
wheat ; and this may account for the remarkable
fact observed both here and in England, that it
imparls to the lightest soils the capacity to bear
heavy crops of wheat. You may find in the first
vol. of the American Farmer, an interesting letter
from Thomas Griflin, Esq. of Yorktown ; and in
the 13th vol. of the same work, a valuable com-
mimicalion from an Eastern Shore farmer, signed
" Corn Planter," on the great virtues of this ma-
nure: the republication of these papers might pos-
sibly be of service by arousing the attention of
some of our lethargic farmers, to the inestimable
value of an article, lieretolbre regarded by them as
a nuisance, being suftered to remain fermenting
and putrefying on the shores, and infecting the at-
mosphere with the most fojtid and pestilential
odors.

Most of the farms on the Potomac abound with
banks of partially decomposed oyster shells, wheth-
er left there by the Indians, or brought to the sur-
face by some great convulsion of nature, from the
former bed of the river, I leave to geologists to de-
termine. I have used these shells in considerable

* By Robert Brown of Markle, (Scotland,) wlio was a judi-
cious and sviccessl'ul practical farmer on a large scale, as well
as an excellent writer on agriculture in general — two charac-
ters which unlortunately, are seldom fouud combined in Ih*
same person. — Ed. Far. Reg.

26

NEW ENGLAND EAUMER,

ATOrST G. Ifi3*.

quaiuity, mid with veiy inaiiil'est advantage. Tlicy
do not act so proin|)ily or so i)owerfiilly as the sea
weed, but are (iroljalily nioi-e peniiaiieiit in thoir
efl'ects. In conihination with sea icied and oilier
putrescent inanures, they have all the efl'ects of
mnrl in £ivin2 jiernianency to the improvement.
The late Mr. Ellyson Cnrrie of Lancaster, wlio was
the most zealons fanner of my acipiaiiitance, used
these shells very extensively ; and whenever I met
with him, he e.\patiated with delitrlit and enthusi-
asm on the great benefit derived froin them. He
used them, however, without a sufficient attention
to artificial grasses, and (irobahly without the ap-
plication of a due portion of putrescent manures ;
and the consecpience has been, as I have been in-
formed since his death, that i)arts of his farm now
exhibit the a|)pearances invariably produced by an
over-dose of calcareous matter, without a due ap-
plication of putrescent and vegetable manures.

The value of oyster shell lime as a manure is so
generally understood, and has lately been so well
attesteil by the successful practices of Mr. Lewis
of Wyanoke, and other contributors to your Regis-
ter, that I deem it unnecessary to say much oji
that subject. I have applied it to some extent,
and witli obvious advantage, to wheat and clover:
but having a great abundance of other materials
ituich more accessible, I have not yet devoted much
attention to lime. I am now, however, about to
burn a quantity of shells, with the view of making
a compost of old corn cobs, marsh mud, stable ma-
nure and lime, hoping in this way to derive some
advantage from the corn cobs, which heretofore I
have found it almost impnssilile to reduce to the
food of plants. Under ordinary circumstances, 1
do not approve of expensive composts; but having'
all the necessary materials at hand, I shall form
my coin|)ost during wot weather, when the fields
will not bear carting over them, anil when my ma-
nuring force could not be profitably employed
about any thing else. In this way it will cost but
little.

I have made sonic experiments with. mnrs/i mufl,
which at first promised to be very successful, but
I must confess that my expectations have lieen
somewhat disappointed. To apply it, requires
more labor, and that of a very disagreeable kind,
than either li.-mk shells or sea weeds ; and in my
hands it has proved less efficacious than either of
them. It is possible that 1 have committed some
error in applying it, as I have been assured by a
gentleman of high respectability, from ttie Eastern
Shore of Virginia, who had used it extensively,
that he would not exchange it, load fur load, for
the best stable manure. 1 entertain no doubt, that
when better materials are not to be had, it may be
used with very great advantage.

The beds of fossil sliells, in this comilry, de-
nortdnated mart, may p<issibly be considered as be-
longing to the class of marine mctnvres ; as in all
lirobability they are of marine origin. But the
period of their connexion with the sea is so re-
mote, and the means by which they were trans-
ferred to their [iresent positions, so imlistinctly
" known to our iihilosophy," that I have not
thought proper to class them under this category.
It is not however, foreign to the purpose of this
essay to say n few words on this interesting sub-
ject.

Your Essay on Calcareous Manures, and the ar-
ticles in the Ilcgister on that subject, have excited
great interest in the Northern Neck, ng well as in
other parts of the State. The subject is discussed

in almost every company, and some of our practi-
cal farmers are already applying marl, and \niany
others are in search of it. It is a very fortunate,
and seemingly providential circumstance, that as
soon as we leave the flat lands of the rivers and
creeks, and come into the forest where marine ma-
nur^:s are not to be lia<l, marl is foiiml in abun-
dance. I have now in my posscssicm several spe-
cimens, some of them uncommonly rich, fnuiid
since the puI)rication of your book, in different
parts of the Northern Neck. You have just cause
to be in-ond of having conferred so great and last-
ing a benefit on your country.

I cannot close this long, and I fear tedious com-
munication, without expressing the confident 0[)in-
ion, that the cultivation of artificial grasses, par-
ticularly clover, is absolutely necessary to secure
the full benefitof any system of manuring. I fully
concur with your correspondent, Mr. Archer of
Fort Monroe, that in Eastern Virginia we have
liave committed a great emu-, in supposing that
our lanils will not produce artificial grasses to ad-
vantage. My limited ex|)erience and observation
entirely confirm the view so well expressed by hiin.
It may be safely affirmed that there is not on the
face of the globe, (possibly with the exception of
China,) a highly improved and well cultivated
country, in which artificial grasses are neglected.
If China, be an exception, the peculiar condition
of that country will afford the best reasons for tlie
[iractices there adopted, whilst it should teach us
the impossibility of following the example.

Whilst on the subject of grasses, I will inquire
f the question, whether plaster will act in the vi-
cinity of salt water, has yet been satisfactorily set-
tled by the experience of practical farmers? I de-
sign to miike some experiments with it in the
spring, and may possibly send you the result of
my observations.*

I hope, sir, that you will receive this communi-
cation as an earnest of the zeal with which I de-
sire to co-operate in the noble cause of agricultural
improvement. I should be happy if I could bring
to your service, any thing calculated to give effect
to your labors. But I am well convinced, that
neither my skill nor success as an agriculturist,
give me the slightest claims to the confidence of
the public as a teacher of the science.

VVlLLOUGIIBY NeWTO.N.

Weslmoreland Co., Va. Dec. 16, 1833.

age, and the dogs, are almost the only things we
have to dread. The scour is sometimes trouble-
some at the time of changing from^dry to green
food. Our cure is, about the bulk of a hen's egg
of chalk. From one to three doses seldom fail to
check the complaint. Unless it coniiiiues too long,
and makes them weak, we let il take its course.
Tlie cout'h and foul nose generally come together.
I am disposed to think they are both produced by
the same disease. When we notice them, we lose
no time in removing the sheep from the flock, anti
make free use of tar. It rarely fails to eflt-ct a
cure in a few days, unless the animal is old or un-
sound. J'he use of tar amnnrr sheep, is not duty
appreciated. Many fine rams have been lost by
maggots getting about the roots of their horns.
Two or three applications of tar during the warm
weather, will always prevent this. The ticks are
sometimes troublesome to the yearling lambs, An
ointment made of Scotch snuff and hog's lard or
train oil, will kill or banish them by one applica-
tion. One ounce of snufii" to a pound of lard is
about the proportion.

"A few weeks ago, a respectabh; fiirmer of this
county related to me the following circumstances
which may be worthy of notice, as they furnish
hints that may lead to more important discoveries.
He stated that some years ago, a small log ca1>i7i
on liis farm, in which he kei)t his salt, was con-
sumed by fire. The sjjaces between the log.s were
filled with clay. The salt, the ashes of the burnt
loo-s, and the burnt clay, became a promiscuous
heap. The burning took place in April. This
salted heap of ruins .soon attracted the attention of
his flock of sheep. They visited it almost daily
during the summer. By the time cold weather
arrived, they had licked away the whole mass.
The farmer's own words to me were that he " ncf-
er Ixfore or since had so healthy and fat a flocti of
sheep."

"A question here naturally presents itself, wheth-
er the benefit arose from the burned clay acting
upon an absorbent ? — from the alkali jiroduced
from the ashes? — from the sheep having salt at
will ? — or from a combination of the <lifi^erent arti-
cles ? The farmer attributed the advantage to the
lay."

ON THE TREATMENT OP SHEEP.

Wf. copy from the " Memoirs of the Pennsylva-
nia Agricultural Society," part of a letter address-
ed to the Corresponding Secretary of that institu-
tion, by Mexandcr Rccd, Esq. of Washington co.
in I'cnnsylvania. We have long been satisfied
that the use of Tar as a medicine or condiment
for sheep, has " not been duly appreciated."

"As to the diseases incident to sheep, I am
happy to tell you that I have had but little experi-
ence. I have long entertained the opinion that
tlicy are more healtliy on the western llian on your
side of tite mountain. We know nothing; of tlie loni;
list of diseases mentioned by Engli.^h authors. Olil

• VVc have no cxpccinioiilal liiiowlcdpc of gvpsani arllii^
near sail water, but liavc liilly proved its efficacy on soils after
HKirlinc;. on which he/ore, ih-.n manure was lolally worlhless ;
ami lis. inertness even nciirlresh liilewaler has been generally
allribulcd to the sea air. Il'onr correspondeni will iry pypsuin
on clover where he 1ms already applied his oyster hank ma-
nure in ahiindance — or il he can cause the like experiment lo
be made on some of the land injured by Mr. Currie's exces-
sively heavy dressing, we enierlaiu but hllle doubt of liis suc-
cess.—-£ti. Far. Reg.

burnt

THE SEASOBI IN ENGL.AIVD, &c.

TuE previous accounts of the prospects of good
harvest in England, were gloomy from all parts of
the country. Up to the 5th of June there was lit-
tle prospect of anything like a decent crop of any
sort of grain. Copious rains soon afterwanis fell,
which aiipear to have revived vegetation, and in-
spired new hopes to the husbandman. The Wor-
cester Herald, received by last arrivals says:

" ^Ve gladly reiterate the same stalementsof our
contemporaries in the adjacent counties, as to the
auspicious appearance of the country at the present
season, and the promise that vegetation generally
holds out of a year of abundant produce. The late
warm and copious rains have covered the mead-
ows and pastures with grass, and this crop which
until the last fortnight appeared likely to be unu-
sually light and scanty, now justifies the hope of
yielding at least a fair average in bulk and quality.
The wheat plant, it is admitted on all hands, nev-
er looked belter, and the Lent grain is also going
on equally favorably and satisfactorily. AVith res-
pect to the orchards in this vicinity, pears are for
the most part a failure, although there are districts
in which a considerable quantity will he gathered ;

vol,. XIII. NO. 4.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

27

liut ;is to a|i|)les, >o ^t]■lllll^ly have llie tici'S ' iiil-
ti'd,' tli:it we have lifiiinl it iiiitifi|)ate(l Ijy rimny
Iliat tlie year's growlli will Ciil littie if any short of
llie |ii-()(ligal ci-o[) of 1S33."

We are iiifurjiied fioiii various parts of the in-
terior of iliis State, that crofis of all Uiiids, irraiii
and hay iii |iarticuhir, are liUely to prove sirperahun-
(hiiir, altl]oiif,'h the early part of the season was
e.old ami wet, ahiiost threatening the harvest witii
destriiciioii. Tlie thi'eateninj; appearance in Enj;-
land was from a contrary canse. The earth up to
tlie ihite mentioned al)nve, was parched up witli
dron,:;ht, and the wheat, rye, harley and oats bore
the appearance of stidihie. — A". Y. Commercial.

CULTURE OP WHEAT.

To the Fiirmi-rs of Mnssar.luiselts :

Thf. snhscrriber, for pnlilic reasons, hein^ desir-
ous of infm'ination in respect to tlie cuhure of
\\ heat in Massachusetts tlie present year, requests
of farmers, who may have grown any, the results
of their cnltivation and experience particularly as
to the following ])oints.

1. The amount of crop.

2. The extent of land sown.

3. The (piaiitity of seed to an acre, and prepar-
ation of the seed.

4. The kind of wheat; whether winter or spring
grain ; liald or bearded ; where obtained ; by what
name designated ; average vveight per bushel.

5. The condition of the land ; whether newly
cleared ; burnt ; swarded ; or how used for two
or three years |)revious.

6. How prepared for the crop ; amount and
kind of manure ; use of lime, plaster, or any coin-
jiost manure.

7. The time of sowing; week and day, if pos-
sible to be ascertained.

8. The diseases or accidents, if any ; whether
alTocted by rust, smut or mildew ; and any circum-
stances of weather, situation, or particular condi-
tion of the plant, connected or contemporaneous
witli such occurrence.

9. The situation or exposure of any blighted
field, whether high and airy, or low, damp, and
cotilined.

10. Whether or not supposed to be afJ'ected by
the vicinity of barberry bushes.

11.- Whether or not attacked by the Hessian Hy
or other insects; whether winter killed or not ; and
how afrecteil by the snow.

12. The time and state of cutting, and whether
in their opinion, early or late cutting be preferable.

13. He reipiests likewise the o|)inion of farmers
as to the e.Mirpation of weeds jiarticularly injurious
to the wheal c^rop ; such as tares, cockle, chess,
anil the Canada thistle; and information of any
method or machinery by which the grain may be
cleansed of' foul stutt'.'

14. The mode of threshing; and the l)est thresh-
ing miHdiiiie in use ; the power required tor it ; its
capaiity and cost.

15. The experience of farmers as to the cnltiva-
tion of whe;it crops successively on the same land ;
and in sowing clover with tlie wheat, with a view
to ploughing it in for a succeeding crop ; and
whether customarily ploughed in with the stubble;
or otherwise depastured or mowed for one or more
years.

16. He would be glad likewise of the opinion
of farmers as to the value of a wheat crop com-
pared with other crops; the average yield; ihe
capacity of the State to furnish its own wheaten

bread, the particular reasons why in any part id
the country, the cnlti\aliou i>f wheat has been
abandoned ; any snggc^stions, from their actual ob-
servation and experience, conneclcd with this sub-
ject; and some general esiiinate of the amount anil
use, of imported flour consumed in any village,
town or county.

As the object is of great importance, and as his
views are wholly of a public nature, the subscriber
confidently asks the aid of the farming community
and of his agricultural friends throughout J\lassa-
chusetls in obtaining this information. He solicits
likewise a sinjilar favor from his intelligent' cor-
resfiondents in the State of New York, the niag-
nillcent Empire of wheat.

Commimications on this subject addressed to the
subscriber, may be handed to the members of
Congress in the respective districts in Massachu-
setts, who are respectfully requested to interest
themselves in this subject and to have the good-
ness to transmit any such communications as per
direction ; or they may be sent by private convey-
ance, to the New England Farmer office, Boston ;
if any from New York to the Hon. .Jesse Bud at
Albany ; or they may be addressed by mail (post-
age paid) to the subscriber, at Meadowbanks, near
Greenfield, Massachusetts, who promises to put the
agricultural public in possession of any valuable
inlbrmation which may in this way be obtained.

J uty 2S, 1834. He.vp.y CoLMAN.

Printers in Massachusetts or New England, fa-
vorably disposed to an imjn'oved agriculture, are
respectfully requested to give the above one or
more insertions in their respective pafiers.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

An adjourned meeting of the Mass. Hort. Socie-
ty was held at their room on Saturday, Aug. 2d.

Ezra W^estoii, Jr. Esq. and Lemuel P. Grosve-
nor, Esq. were chosen subscription nienibirs.

Tlie sub-committee to whom was referred at the
last meeting, the subject of having the usual annu-
al dinner, reported — that it was inexpedient as u
society.

Voted, That the sub-committee consider the pro-
priety of having a collatiou, and rt'port at a fulure
ineetiiig.

I'oted, That the law for the protection of Fruits,
be published in the N. E. Farmer, and that the
editor request all those papers tliroughont the
Commonwealth favorable to Horticulture, to copy
the above law.

Adjourned to Saturday Aug. 9, at II o'clock,
A. M. Chas. W. Hovey, Sec. pro tern.

EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS.

Suturdaij, .'Jiigast 2, 1S34.

Mr. S. Walker, Roxbmy — Tigrida concbiflora.
Dahlia Nymphatiora, Viola pli'na, Slatice, &c. &c.

Mr. Tnos. Mason, Charlestown — Variety Car-
nations, Delpliiuiums, Lychnis, Calceolaria, Riid-
beckia, Purpurea, Hemerocallis cerulea, Eryngium
planum, Blgnonia radicaus, Dahlias, and other va-
rieties.

Mr. J. W. I'ussELL, Mount Auburn — Impaiicns
Balsaminn. No. 1, double spotted, new variety ;
2, do. Pink, do. do. ; 3, do. Bizard, do. do. ; 4, do.
While, do. do.; .5, do. Red, do. do. ; 6, do. Purple,
do. do. ; 7, do. Purple fiake ; 8, do. Scarlet, do. do.
do.

Messrs. Hoveys, Cambridge — New varieties of
Annuals, Amniobium alatum, Petunia nyctagini-
flora, Malope grandiflora, Nicotiana odorata, OEiio

tle.-ia biptoris, Argemone grandiflora, Gilia, Capi-
tatfi, Globe amaiaiHliiis, Iberis, Verbena, &c.

Mr. Wm. Kenkick — Noisette and other China
Roses, Dahlias, Carnations, Coreopsis lanceolata,
Lysimachus erecta, Tradescantia, I'hlox shepardia
and alba and pur[)urea, Oenothera grandiflora ;
Delphinium alba and cenilca; Campanula ;ilba pleiio
and other fine kinds ; variegated Sweet Williams ;
Lupinus persenis, Rudbeckia purpurea and fulgida.
Orchis grandiflora, Verbascum, Hibiscus, red, sal-
mon and black varieties; Bignonia or Great Trum-
pet flower, Corcborus japouicns. Variegated Syr-
inge,Venetian Sumach, Curled leaved Ash, Honey-
suckles, &c. &c.

Messrs. Winships — usual variety.
By order of the Committee,

JoNA. Wi.N'siiip, Chairman.

FRUITS EXIBHITED. ^

Pears. Green Chissel, from Dr. S. A. Shurt-
left'of Pemberton hill.

From Mr. Thomas Mason of the Charlestown
Vineyard, July or Sugar Top.

From Mr. Manning, Petit Muscdt.

Grapes. From the A'ine liouse of .Tacob Tidd
in Roxbiiry, large, beautiful, and |)erfcctly ri[iened
specimens of the following kinds — Black Ham-
burgh, clusters weighing from 1 3-4 lb. to 2 lb. 6
oz. each — If'hitc Cliasselas, clusters weighing from
1 1-4 lb. to 1 lb. 10 oz. — Jf'hite Muscat or Fron-
/(o-),ac clusters ol 1 1-4 lb. Black Muscat or Fron-
tignac.

GoosEBERUtEs. From Dr. S. A. Shurtleft" of
Pemberton hill. Golden Eagle, the fruit large and
productive.

Also, tniile ii'horlleberries, by Saml. Hastings of
East Cambridge, the fruit large and sweet, a na-
tive. These last as well as our native Raspber-
ries, and native Gooseberries, might, by renewing
from the seed and by cultivation, become like the
foreign varieties wonderfully improved.

Of Vegetables we iioiiced the J\'ew Scarlet Studley
Carrot, a new variety, said to be very superior.
For the Comniittee, Wm. Kenrick.

FROM THE STATUTE FOR PREVENTION OP
TRESPASSES IN ORCHARDS, GARDENS <fcc.

.Srr. 1 . If any person enter upon any grass land, or-
cliiird or garden, without permission, with intent to cut,
destroy, take or carry away any grass, hay, fruit or veg-
etables, with intent to injure or defraud the owner ; such
person shall on conviction before ii justice of the peace,
Ibrteit and pay lor every such oti'cncc. a sum not less than
two, nor more than ten dollars ; and be also liable in
damages to the party injured.

Sac. i. If any person having entered as aforesaid,
shall take without permission, and with intent to injure
and defraud the owner, any grass, hay, fruit, vegetable
or shrub, cultivated for ornament or use ; such person
shall on conviction by indictment, or information before
any Court of Common Pleas, forfeit and pay a sum not
less than five, nor more than fifty dollars, for each of-
fence ; and be farther liable to the party injured, in dam-
ages equal to three times the value of the grass, hay,
fruit, vegetables or shrubs carried away.

tire. 3. If any person having entered as aforesaid,
shall without ■permission of the owner, and with intent
to injure him, break, bruise, cut. mutilate, injure or des-
troy any fruit-tree, tree for ornament or shade, or shrub
cultivated for ornament or use, such person on convic-
tion as in section 2. shall forfeit and pay a sum not less
than ten, nor more than one hundred dollars.

Sec. 4. If any person shall commit any of the above
trespasses on the Lord's day, or in the night time, (that
is, between sun-setting and sun-rising,) he shall be lia-
ble to pay double the abo\-e penalties. And all prosecu-
tions for breaches of this act shall be commenced within
one year from the time the offence shall be committed
or the penalties shall have accrued, and not afterwards.

28

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AtTGTJST 6, 1834.

From the Maine Farmer.
APPIiE TREES BEARING AliTERNATE
\E.VRS.

Those wlio liave liail iiiiy thing to do will) or-
chanls, or wlio liave paid any attenlion to applt;
troes, know very well tliat some trees will not bear
ii full crop every year. The cause of this is proh-
ahly owing to tlje exhanstion ot' the trees during
the bearing years. In those years the tree hangs
very full indeed — all its powers are i)nt forth to
brio!; forth and ripen such a heavy crop ; and this
expense of sap or other matter, so exhausts the sys-
tem that it requires a year of rest to hring up its
energies. This may or may not he the true cause,
at any rate the fact is well known ; and many who
have good varieties of apples, have regretted that
they could not change this state of things in re-
gard to particular trees, and have a crop every
year. Mr. D. Longfellow, of Winthrop, well
known as a successful orchardist, informs us that
he has succeeded in changing this hahit in a vari-
ety of juneatings which he had in his orchard,
and which hore alternately. His manner of doing
it is tliis :

Having olher trees which also hore alternately,
luit not in ihe same years with the Juneatings, he
conceived that engrafting the two together, the hahil
of one would counteract that of the other, and a
" nullification" of them he produced. According-
ly, on a hearing year of the juneatings, he took sci-
ons from them, and engrafted them into stocks
which would that year be barren. The result in
the cases which he has tried, justifies the conclu-
sion which he had drawn, and he has juneatings
every year.

Whether it is necessary that the scion to be en-
grafted should he taken from its jiarent on the
fruitful year or not, we cannot say, or whether
this system will he attended with a similar result
in all trees which hear in this way, or have barren
ami fruiifid years, we are not able to say. It is
however, a subject worth attending to : and we
should he happy to learn any facts from those
who have had experience in these things.

From the Maine. Farmer.
HEATH APPLE.

Mn. Paine Wingati;, ofHallowell, presented us
with an apple of this kind on the 3d ult. which
was as fair, sound and pleasant, as if just taken
from the tree. This apple is of a large size ami
lias a pleasant, sweet flavor, and i\Ir. Wingate
says is superior as a baking ap[>le, and for making
apple sauce, or jelly. Ho also considers it a val-
uable variety to cultivate for hogs, not only be-
cause the tree is a good bearer, and swine like tlie
tiftte of them, Init because tliey will also keep so
long and so well. The fruit originated in New
Hainpshire. We have not a. great many kinds of
sweet apples which will keep so late, and tlii'se on
that account arc a valnahle variety. IMr. AVingate
will furnish grafts or buds, for setting or iunocu-
lating, to any who ap])ly.

From Lite O'enesec Farmer.
IIIUIIW.VVS.
As far as I have observed, it is a melancholy
fact that the more candess and negligent the path-
master, the better is the condition of the roads in
Ills district, ])rovidcd there are no miry jjlaces,
nor bridges, nor culverts out of repair. I may be
asked, how can this be ? and I am ready to an-
swer, because the labor as it is commonly applied
in deep rich soils does more harm than good. I

have just returned from an excursion ol several
miles, and wherever the roads have been totally
neglected (always excepting bridges, &c.) they
are in better condition by far, and will continue so
through the season. In wet weather the ruts are
neither so deep, nor so wide ; and in dry weather
there are fewer loose stones in the way. The
reason of this must be plain to any man who will
take the trouble to observe. Sods, and nmck,
and stones are now piled up in the beaten track ;
and so little is the kind of stuff regarded, that I
have seen chip dirt from the wood-pile, and even
manure frcnu the stable all he.nped promiscuous-
ly together ! In some places these hetero^'enous
materials have been levelled, and smoothened over
with the harrow, hut in many districts they are
left as rough as the waves. Tliis is called mend-
ing the roads I

Some say that the road taxes are not high
enough ; and last year in this town our burdens
were increased fifty per cent. To what purpose 'f
That more sods, and muck, and stones might be
scraped into the road. Not a drag was ap[ilied
within the limits of my knowledge, and in most
of the districts I saw no appearance of any stones
having been thrown out. If one half of the tax
now assessed was properly applied, our roads
would be in fine condition. Our present taxes
are too jiigh by half, because it enables our path-
masters to do more (unintentional) iriischief. In
one district where a heavy tax has just been work-
ed out, it would be a great improvement if all the
stuff that has been carried into the road with so
much labor was thrown back again. The road
has been permanently damaged by their work.

Although I am much disposed to complain un-
der the present system, I would most cheerfidly
consent to have our taxes doubled, if they could
be ap])lied in the right manner. For instance:
Where old " crossways" still remain we may be
sure that the ground was oi iginally miry ; and
the best thing to be done is, to remove not only
the logs, but the old muck that lies under them,
clearing it off down to the solid carlh. When this
shall be done, then fill up the place with gravelly
earth, and the difficulty is overcome. Let us
make the road good as iiir as we go, and it may
not want repairing in twenty years. Viatob.

rnent or colony, yielding homy without the bees
being butchered or stifled, ad infinitum, or until it
should be a source of very considerable profit. A
loft ill a garret, or any out building partitioned off
and prepared, might save building. I would be-
gin by depositing a common hive or two in some
cool morning in the spring, inverted.

1 do hope some of your corresponrlents will give
me their ideas on this hint, as to its utility or oth-
erwise. As the door may be kept locked, it would
be pretty sure to keep off thieves. 1 should like
jMr. Editor, to hear from you on tliis subject; be-
cause 1 am indebted to you for a hint in your first
volume, of somethiug similar respecting bees,
though not to much exteiit. Sweet.

Fro7n the Maine Farmer.
BEES.

I PROPOSE in answer to your correspondent who
signs A. r>. in the 2 Uh uumlier of your 2d vol-
ume on the subject of bees, to suggest a plan res-
pecting bees, to prevent their swarming, and still
have tlicin multiply as fast or liister than they do
by the practice of allowing them to swarm. I
would build a tight double boarded house, say 8
or 10 feet square, with a door for the proprietor
to go in at, with a narrow walk for him to
move in ; which building 1 would fill on the sides
in all parts except the door way, with shelves or
boxes, or both, with jiroper holes through them in
projier places for the bees to [lass and repass.
And when they had more honey than enough for
their use, I would enter the door, walk up the
aisle, and take away a box or some of the honey,
from any jiart I pleased, as bees are said not to
swarm until they fill the place where they are de-
posited. JJeing rather Ibnd of honey, I would so
share it with them that they should never get full
and of course never have the trouble of swarming.
Thus I see not why I might not have anestablish-

PROPER TIME FOR CDTTIKG GRAIN.

Wk hud an interesting article upon this subject
in the Farmer's Register, which details the result
of the writer's observation and practice for twelve
or fourteen years, on an extensive farm. The
length of the coniniunieation and our restricted
limits, necessarily limit us to a brief notice of this
commimicution. The writer admits, that if we
should be sure of good weather, it would be best
to omit reaping till both grain and straw are ripe ;
but as this cannot be the case, and as the crop
suftiiis and loses greatly if not cut and secured as
soon as it is ripe, he is sure that a great .saving
will be found in reaping wheat as early as the state
of the grain will jiermit. He considers that
" wheat is fit f'or the scythe when the grain is in
the DOUGH STATE — no matter how soft provided it
is clear of milk, or when no fluid conies out sep-
parate from the dough, when the grain is mashed
between the fingers. But no one square yard of
wheat can be found, in which all the heads have
reached this stale at one lime: and therefore,
when not more than one tenth part of the grain
contains milk, I ihink it safe to begin to reap."
"My green rea])ing when first commenced (in
1S21) was fully ni.ne days earlier than was usual,
and it was pronounced then that I was destroying
my crop by reaping it so green. My practice is
sliil condemned by many, who, however, have
gradually and perhaps unconsciously, advanced
the commencement of their harvest, until they are
not more than two or three days behind mine."
The saving made in one season by early reaping,
when d long spell of rainy weather followed, which
destroyed more than one-half of his neighbors'
crops, was enough to |)ay for all the loss incurred
by that plan in twenty years. The writer does
not believe that any thing is lost either in weight
or bulk of grain cut in Ihe dough state ; and as to
the ipiality of the grain liir making flour, he be-
lieves it generally conceded, that the wheat reap-
ed green is best.

The truth of the foregoing remarks is corrobo-
rated by ih;; opinions and jiractice of many of our
best farmers. These observations apply equally
to other small grain, particularly to rye. The
great objection to the practice is, that the grain is
not fit to be bound, as it should be to prevent
waste and save it from rain soon after it is cut.
This objection is obviated by making small sheaves,
and putting them in " stooks" of about six sheaves
each, by setting the stubble end of the sheaves, far
enough apart to give sufliciont base, and letting the
heads of all lean together so as to form a point.
These throw oft' a light rain, and will dry as they
stand if made wet by heavy rain. When dry
they may he put into shocks. — JV. York Cultivator.

VOt. XIII. NO. 4-

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

29

J^Vom the iMahte Fan/irr.
KEW IMPROVEMEIVT IIV WASHING MA-
CHINES.

O.VE would suppose tluit ViiiiUce iii.^i'nuity liad
Iieroiiie well iiigli exhausted ut>(ui VViisliiug Mu-
■chincs; but we have lately cxainiiied a new iu-
veiiiidii, or railiera modification ofau old systetn,
hy Mr. James I'ullen, of China. — His plan is upon
the coMUMon fluted washboard, but his finiings are
made ot' sheets of copper, ziuc, tin — or they may
lie made of glass, earthern, or sijnilar durable and
smooth substances. These sheets or substances
are fastened to boards, and used as such boards are
coninmnly used. Now wliere's the improvement ?
— 1st, 111 durability — 2d, In its smoothness — anil
3d, Ease in performing the operation of ridibinjr.
A common washboard does not last long — it soon
gets rough, of course wears out the clothes and
makes harder work — they get warped and split,
are then patched up with shingle nails, wljich get
rusty, and make a rickety, weak concern — the
women scold, and the poor husband has to march
off and buy a new one. The metallic rubber will
last a long life time, if a little care be taken in dry-
ing it after u.sing ; for when worn a little on one
side it may be turned and worn on the opposite
side, and in the contrary direction.

We like the simplicity of the concern. Our
washing machines have been too complicated.
The inventors seem to have considered it necessa-
ry to show their skill in comliining the greatest
number of mechanical modifications in one piece;
and the greater the array of cog-wheels, cranks
and rollers, the more ingenious has the machine
been considered, and t!ie more likely to dp its duty
without liands. Disappointment has of course fol-
lowed. This improvement is simple, and prom-
ses no more than it can perform. It does not
promise to indulge idleness, and to do away the
labor of washing — but to lighten and facilitate that
labor, and render it a pleasure, rather than a
dreaded task. Mr. Pullen has left one of them at
our office for the inspection of those who wish to
e.xaniine it.

valve. The person therefore is enclosed in an at-
miisphere, and can breathe, though covered over
by Ihi,' " vasty deep," nearly as well as in the at-
iHi.sphere. We are aware that many plans have
lieun devised for descending into the water for the
purpose of carrying on operations below the sur-
face ; but we think this plan an improvement.

Mr. Norcross also invented the [U'ocess of pre-
paring the India Ilubber which he puts on — this
may or may not be the same preparation which
lia.s heretofore been used ; but as tiiose who have
used it, keep it a secret, credit is not the less due
to him for <iiscovering the mode used. As he has
spent much time and money in bringing his inven-
tion into practical use, and been subject to much
trouble for want suitable assistance, we Ijope that
he will ultimately be well rewarded for his ingenu-
ity.— Maine Fannfi:

COMPLAINT AMONG BLACK CATTLE.

Much is said with propriety in the Farmer res-
[lecting raising and feeding cattle. There has not
lieen very much written in it, as yet respecting
their maladies. I have recently been in company
with a man who has had experience as to their
several disorders. Our conversation turned on a
pretty common comidaint among black cattle call-
ed a WEN. His mode of cure is, to cast the crea-
ture and cut it out; tliis done he fills the cavity
with rosin and salt well pulverized and mixed, and
then carefully brings the skin hack to its place and
sews it up. He says in this way it will not leave
a scar larger than his thumb nail. He wholly ob-
jects to putting in a rowell,. as it will be long ef-
fecting a cure, and if an ox he will be testy all the
time it is in. And it m;iy be so situated as to ren-
der it improper to work him for the whole time.
— A hint by Q. D.

NORCROSS' DIVING APPARATUS.

Mr. L. Norcross, of Dixfield, gave us last
week an interesting exhibition of his aiiparatiis
which enables one to go under water and remain
as long as he i)leases, in search of any articles at
the bottom ; and then come up neither wet nor
DROWNED. This is effected by means of a dress
of cloth saturated with India Rubber, which is put
over the body, covering all parts. A large helmet
of lead is put over the head, which rests upon tlie
shoulders, and is made tight with the dress. Glass
is put in front of the helmet to see through, and
two tubes affixed to the to[i, through which the air
circulates. These tubes are of India Rubber cloth
or hose, and must of course be long enough to
reach from the bottom above the water. 'J'o one
of them is attached a forcing pump through which
air is propelled by some one at the surface; the
other lets the air escape, so that there is a con-
stant circulation of fresh air. Mr. Norcross has
adopted a peculiarly simple mode of obviating the
great pressure of the water in preventing this cir-
culation. A small portion of tube for the escape
or return of the air is made of leather, and the
pressure of the water of course flattens or shuts it
together, and thus keeps the air in until the forcing
pump throws in sufficient to overcome this pres-
sure when it passes out. This part then acts as a

From tin] Southern Agriculturist.
THE WILD OR CANDLEBERRY MYRTLE,

A IlEMEDY AGAINST THE WEEVIl's DEPREDATIONS

Information on all and any subject, connected
with agricultural pursuits will, I presume, find ad-
mittance into your periodical, and although the
notice may be of apparently small matters, yet to
some one of your readers, it may be new, and let
me add valuable. I am induced to make these re-
marks from the inconvenience I snftiired for many
years, from the destruction of my corn by weevil,
and the total absence of them now, in consequence
the ap|ilication of a very simple remedy. The
laud which I plant in corn is low, and requires al-
most as much draining, as the river lands; but is
productive, and yields abundant crops. Whether
it is owing to the location of the land, or other (to
me) unknown causes, I am unable to say, but the
fact is, that tlie corn is often taken from the field
with a great many W(;evil in it. No injury seemed
to result from their residence in it, while in the
field, or during the cold weather, but as soon as
summer's sun had shed his genial warmth upon
us, these iutruders gave notice of their existence,
by commencin

several <;ccasious my jirovisions were materially in-
jured, and much complained of by the consumers
— I tried a variety of remedies, without effect.
Late planting, and early planting, were both sug-
gested and tried ; the land was all broken up deep
in the winter, with a plough ; the seed was coated
with tar and soot, and finally was brought from
one of the sea-islands at a distance and planted.
The crops, I think, were improved by each of the

remeilies in quantity, but the enemy still retained
his position, unmoved, and ap|)arently immovable.
I was one day mentioning the circumstance to a
friend, who told me th.it he had understood, that
the wild myrtle (Myrica reriftra), was a sovereign
remedy for this seemingly incurable disease. At
this time the deslruclion had commenced, and the
insects were to be seen in every direction ; a quan-
tity of myrtle was procured, and spread over the
top of the corn, and directions given to follow it
up, if any effect was visible. My removal to town
for the summer, prevented my attending to the
business any farther, and I learned upon inquiry
in the fall, that "it seemed to check the weevil in
some degree." This was not satisfactory, and as
the corn in the field was apparently niore than
usuully infesteil, I determined to give the experi-
ment a fair trial. The corn-house was emptied
and swept, and washed w itli boiling water ; the
floor was then covered with myrtle, a layer of
corn about a foot deep was then brought in
and then a layer of myrtle, and this manage-
ment continued throughout the whole harvest
observing to cover the top of the corn with a bed
of these little bushes. During the winter I several
times exuniincd the corn, near the door, and saw
no weevil, yet I was fearful, that in the body of
the house, the mischief might still be going on.
Late in the spring we began to use the corn freely,
and still found no weevil ; the crop was eventually
consumed, and was to the last, entirely free from
insects of all and every kind.

This was to me satisfactory, and the rule has
been uniformly observed of strewing the house
with myrtle, and no weevil has since been seen.
My corn house is divided into two bins, and an
entry ; and this year I had planted a small field
alone, and desired that it might be kept separate.
Into this entry it was thrown, and no myrtle was
put with it, but the two bins were as usual well
supjilied. Upon examining tlie corn-house, I found
the corn in the entry filled with weevil, while that
in the bins was perfectly free from all insects. The
corn was immediately removed, and though filled
with insects, was divided between the Iv/o bins,
and myrtle jilcntifully strewed over the top of each.
I am now eating the corn, and the weevil are no
where to be Ibiind.

This last accidental experiment is more convinc-
ing than either of the others ; here the two bins«i
were free from weevil, and the corn which was
separated from them, only hy a loose board parti-
tion was filled, and I have little doubt, would have
been rendered unfit for use before the summer was
over. Perhaps, Mr. Editor, in giving you an^
your readers the information detailed in thi^ pa-
per, I have been carrying " coals to Newcastle ;"
if so, light your spirit lamp with it, and I shall be
satisfied, as my only object is to do good, and not
to see myself in print. Z.

BARBARISM.

There were confined, in a room 14 by 16 feet
the work of destruction. Upon I square, in the jail of this city, on one of the hot-
test days of last week, thirteen persons committed
for the crime of not being able to pay their debts.
The whole number confined in jail for debt, on
Friday last, was thirty-three. The number impris-
oned for crimes under sentence of the law, or com-
mitted for trial is twenty-eight, all of whom are
confined in eight small cells. The whole number
confined for debt and crime is sixTr-ONE, among
whom are four colored persons. — Providence Jour.

30

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

ArcrsT 6, i^s*.

NEW ENGLAND FARMEK.

BOSTON, WEUNESDAY EVENING, AUG. 6, l»34.

In o.a- puperof tliis day, pa!,'e 27, wiH ''« l""'"!
an ahstnicl fruni a Suame of Was^aoluisetts ibi- tlie
..reveiilioii „f tresp.-isses in Orcliai-ds nnd Gardens,
&c Tliis is rfpublished at lU". rcqiii'St ot tlit;
Mass. Hort. Society ; and Editors of r.-i|»-rs IVien.l-
ly to llurticidtni-e are res|iP(-tndly solicited to yive
the abstract circulation in tli.'ir columns, lost ig-
norance of tire law :nay be llmnglit to palliate if
not excuse its violation.

We think Trespassers on Orclianls and Garilens
ought to be con.si(lered as crlu.inals, deserving- ot
Mio^re infamy and severer punishment than alniust
any other de|n-edalors on iir.)p''i-ty ; tur reasons
which we set fortli at smne length, vol. xii, p. 54
of N. E. Farmer. Civilized society ought to make
a common cause of hunting down human vermin
of this description, who not only injure the mdi-
viduals on whose property they .leprcdate; but the
community at large, by discouraging fruit-growers,
and rendering their pursuits improhlable by de-
priving them of the due reward of tlieir skill and
industry.

FARMER'S \VOKK.

Mowing Ground. There are but few objecls
connected with the management of a farm of more
rtance than that of obtaining good cro|is ot

of

1 m portc

rouen, aftermath, or second crops of grass,
your mowing land is in such good condition that
there is any prospect of obtaining a second crop of
grass, be careful not to sufTer it to be fed by cattle,
horses, or sheep, for rouen in the winter or spring'
is very valuable.

If your grass ground has become bound out as it
is called, or in other words moss prevails to the in-
jury of the grass, and it is not convenient to break
it lip, or it is not suilalile for ploughing, on ac-
count of its being too moist, stony, &c. it shoiihl
be cut or scarified by a spiked roller, or if such
an implement is not at hand, a heavy loaded har-
row. Then strew some seeds of herds-grass, or
other good gra.ss-seeds over it, and give it a good
dressing of some sort of compost or other manures
suitable to the soil. There is no danger of des-
troying the roots of grass by tearing the turf with
a harrow. Though- they are broken they will he
% speedily renewed ; new otT-scts will be formed and
tlie cro|) will rise with renewed vigor.

Dr. DeaiU! observed : " It is ridiculous to think
of taking many crops of liay from any piece of up-
land, in uniiiterrnpted succession without afl'ording
•t any manure, for it docs not imbibe the richness
of the atmosphere so plentifully as land in tillage.
Grass laud should therelbre, once in two or three
years at least, have a good dressing of good rotten
dung or compost, lint the best way is to do it
every year." Autumn is the time for applying the
manure, according to long approved practice
But a writer in tlie Gcorgical Essays reccmimends
■doing it immediately after the first mowing, when
a second crop is expected, which will niulonbted-
ly be the larger. Whenever it is done, a bush har-
row should be drawn over the surface, which will
break the small lumps remaining in the manure,
and bring it closer to the roots of the grass. IJy
tJiis management four or five tons of hay may lie
the annual produce of nn acre. Or if the surface
be not dunged, the cro|) should be foil otTonce in
three years ; that the excrements of the cattle may
recruit the soil.

If, however, the soil is of a nature, which will
admit of ploughing, and of head crops it will be
bad husbandry not to plough and cultivate grass
ground with a regular course of rotation, other-
wise the mowing lots " are apt to become consoli-
dated by time and the hoofs of cattle, and aie close-
ly matted and hard bound by the inmimerahle roots
of the grass and weeds; many of the Ibrmer are
enfeebled by age, and iimltitndes hastening into de-
cay. Tliis with a great variety of useless, as well
as very injurious plants, forms a surface on which
may be fi>uiul the best and worst of plants, togeth-
er with all the intermediate grades between those
wide e.xtremrs. The.se spring in regular succes-
sion from early to late.""

Seeds. Select the rijiest and best seeds from
such plants as are most forward and vigorous, and
yon will improve your breed of vegetables in a
mtmner similar to that by which the breeds of an-
imals are improved by tiie celebrated Euro|)ean
breeders of cattle. New and improved kinds of
wheat, peas, beans, &c. &c. have been introduced
by observing among growing crops some individu-
al stalks, pods, ears, &c. which were distinguisha-
ble from the rest by a greater degree of healtli,
luxuriance, productiveness, earliness, orsonie oth-
er peculiarity ; gathering and preserving them ex-
clusively for seed till sufiiciently ftiuhiplied for
propagation on a large scale.

Soilins. This is a term afiplied to the practice
of feeding domestic animals on new mown grass,
or other green crops, in racks, yards, stables, &c.
This jiractice cannot be profitably introduced, ex-
cept in cases where \\. is an object to make the
most of a small spot of land in the vicinity of some
lar"e anil populous place ; and labor can be obtain-
ed at a reasonable rat;'. Wr. Lorrain observed of
sidling as follows :

" It should be remembered that success is not
to be expected, unless a full supply of green grass
pro|)er for liiis purpose has been provided. Also
the great trouble anil perplexity occasioned by red
clover, in consequence of cattle ami horses being
salivated by tlie second and third crops of this
grass.

" Every farmer should soil his working cattle
and horses, whether he may or may not enter into
the general practice of soiling. .4 very small ex-
tent of ground will be suflicient for that purpose.
This may be so near to his barn that the trouble
will not lie much if any more than going to the
pastures after them. Tlie grass and manure saved
by this process will be very valuable.

" Notwithstanding the great advantages which
may be ilerived fidin soiling, it would seem that it
cannot be generally practised even in the popu-
lous parts of this country. The (piantity of clear-
ed ground is more than doiilile as much as the
population is capable of cuhivating propi'ily, with-
out introducing the additional labor, which would
be required if soiling were geiicr.illy practised."

RURAi., Economy.

Destroying Insccis by Decoction of Chamomile
Flowers. In th<! Irish Gardener's Miiguzine, it is
saiil not only "that dixoctions, or the leaves dried
and powdered of the common cliamoinile (Anthe-
mis nobilis), will destroy insects, but that "noth-
ing conlriluites so much to the health of a garden
as a number of chaiiiomile plants dispersed through
it. No green-house or hot-house should be with-
out chamomile in a green or in a dried state ; either

the stalks or flowers will answer. It is a singular
fact, that if a plant is drooping and ap|iareiitly
dying, in nine cases out of ten, it will recover, if
you place a plant of ch;imomile near it."

This is important if there is no mistake in the
matter. We wish chamomile as a remedy for in-
sects might he tried in the various wa\s above
mentioned, as well as others which the ingenuity
of a scientific cultivator may suggest, and the re-
sult made known to the public. — Ed. .W. Ji. Farmer.

Weeds, i;c. for Manure. A writer for Loudon'*
iMagazine observes as follows : "Amongst the most
active plants employeil as manure I have loimd
the [wild s[-ecies of the genus] Sinapis* idoughed
in fresh. Other weeds, such as nettles, thistles,
ragwort, &c. produce crojis superior to farm-yard
dung. Potato stems, I'resh ploughed in, ou clover
lea for wlieat, 1 have found to pioihice crops ex-
ceeding by two hoUs [12 busheU] [ler acre in
quantity, with more iu-oportion;ite weight of straw,
the other parts of the same field manured with
farm yaril dung, but otherwise under the same cir-
cumstances. The stems from three acres of good
potatoes will manure an acre lor wheat to much
better purpose than fifteen tons of barn-yard dung,
the usual quantity allowed in that part of the ro-
tation ; clover after wheat being the crtq) which
generally i)recedes fallow. Under the head of
"green manure" I may nieiuion an experiment I
this year made with pea-straw converted into dung
without the aid of cattle. Having something of
that sort on hand about the middle of last May,
and being in want of some loads of manure to fin-
ish a potato field, I had the peas threshed at the
mill, and the straw and chaff carried to the si<le of
a potato field, and made up like a large liot-bed,
giving each layer of straw an anqde watering.
Fermentation soon commenced ; and by the filth
day, the moss was so far decomposed as to he ea-
sily filled into the carts. The efiiuvium in filling
was almost intcderable. It was in this stale hijd
into the bottom of the drills ; the sets of potatoi-s
were planted above, and the earth ploughed over
the whole. Notwithstanding the dry nature of the
ground, and the dry state of the weaiher in the
summer months, the part of the field manured
with decomposed pea-straw yielded a better retuiii
than where fiirm yard dung was applied."

•Lorruiii's Husbandry, p. 166.

"By the Kditor vf N. E. Fanner. U'lit- weed al)uvc iticiiliou-
etl as ihe vvilii species of the Siiiupis (of which coiniiioii nai.^-
lard is a variety), is very Irouljiesome to our Neiv EncflaiHi
fanners. Dr. Di'atie has Ihe foilowiuij notices ol'il; "'Cliarjocli.
Siruipis, a well liiiowu and irout>leson»e weed, ll Is known h\
llic names chrfalock, calloek, eaiiock, and while lape, [also
chariicti.] It is similar to radish. The young plants so nculy
resemble turnips, llint they are scarce!}' distiiig;uislialdo, unless
il Ije by the taste. Bloriiuier nientiiais a field ot bailoy, mow-
ed when ihe charlock was in blossom, which took olT only llit-
lops of the blades of tiarley ; and which gave ihe barley an o|i-
iioriuiiilv to g;et al)ove ihe weeds, and so il produced a go<".
croii. lie supposes cow dung increases il more ilian any oth; ^
manure; and recommends leediug fallows with shii'p whm
llicv are inleslcd wiili this weed. Il is- well knovvjr that shitp
will eat this weed rather than turnips. The seeds will live in
lire earth many yeais, and ai'ierwards vegetate by means < f

liliasc.

" Grain shouUl be sown thick where there is danger of its
being injured by charlock, so that the crop may overtop the
weeds. Barley sown thick will certainly prosper in such a sii-
uaiion."

The utility of ploughing in this weed as manure is demon-
strated by the mode ot cullure adopted by Mr. John Keely of
Haverhill, Mass. in raising a premium crop of rye. See Trans,
of Essex Agr. Soc. likewise iV. E. Fanner, vol. xii, p. 4.

VOI^. XIII. KO. 4.

AND HOIITICLLTUUAL JOURNAL,

31

PROSPECTUS.

NE\V ENGI-ANB FARMER, ASD
HORTICULTUKAL. .lOIKXAI..

THIS is K paper devoted to Agriculture, Horticulture,
and Rural Economy. It is conducted by Thomas G.
Fkssf.ndkn, assisted py a number of agricultural wri-
ters, and by the observations of many of the best practi-
cal Cultivators in New England ; and published by
Geo. C. BAiiRKrr.

The New England Farmer is printed with a now and
elegant type, and paper of superior quality, in a quarto
form, paged, making a volume of 410 pages annually, to
which a title ]>age and ind«x are furnished gratis. Tliis
Journal has been published J2 year.s, during which time
the most unremitted e.xertions have been made by the
Editor to render it acceptable and useful to the Fanner
and Gardener.

The value of the New England Farmer is enhanced
by its being made the vehicle for publishing the results
of the discoveries and improvements which are elicited
by means of that most useful association, the Mussachu-
srtts IlorlicuUurid Society. By a vote of the membeis
of that valuable institution, all communications on Hor-
ticultural topics, addressed to the President, are to be
published regularly in the New England Farmer, so that
this Journal will contain the complete transactions of the
Society.

By concentrating all these advantages, it is thought
that the volumes of the New England Farmer will con-
tain so large a collection of useful facts, and details or
notices of e.vperiments connected with agriculture and
its kindred branches of gardening, orcharding, &c. as to
be found worthy of a place in the library of every fanner.
A weekly report of the sales at Brighton — the state of
tiie markets, crops, &c. — and occasionally drawings of
acricultural implements, &c. will be found in this Jour-
nal.

The New England Farmer is published every Wed-
nesday evening at the low price of $3,00 per annum,
from which a discount of fifty cents is made to those
who pay in advance.

Gentlemen who procure five subscribers, and forward
the payment for the s.ame will be allowed a si.xth copy
gratis. New subscribers can be furnished wlvh the back
numbers of the current volume.

Editors with whom we exchange, who may feel dis-
posed to give this one or two insertions, will confer a fa-
vor which will be reciprocated with pleasure on any oc-
casion.

Boston, AugKst 6, 1834.

NOTICE.

SuBSCRiRKRS to the New England Farmer can have their
volumes nnally hall' bound, and lellered lur lb ceiil>, by leav-
ing; ihem aulie Farmer oilice, missing numbers sii[)pliea.

ENGLISH WORKS ON AGRICULTURE.

I)ii. Dickson's Praciical Agriculture, in two voUuncs, 1260
paijes, with numerous engravings and colored [ilates.

Complete Farmer, or general dictionary of Agriculture and
Htishaiidry, with many engravings, in 2500 pages.

The Complete Grazier with plates, second hanchd. HOD pages

The above will be sold \ery low, having been parli;illv used.

July ll5ili. GEO. C. BARRETT.

F.V.RMERS ATTEND.

A GENTLEMAN who intends to embark for Europe, in Ocio- ;
ber next, wishes to engage an experienced Farmer to lake
charge of his farm of about forty acres, distaiU seven miles
from Boston. Said farm is easy of cultivation, is in good or-
der.well stocked, and has a house upon it, in whidi said farmer
could reside.

Liberal wages will be paid, but no person need applj' unless
he can give the best recommendations, and has a practical
knowledge of his business. Apply at this office. e[nfjyl9

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

One complete set of 12 Volumes of the New England Farmer
bound in excellent style. For sale al the Farmer Office. This
will be found to make a valuable Library for an Agriculturist.

V.\LUABLE NBWAVORK ON AGRICULTURE.

Tills day Published, by Glo. C. Barhett, at the Office of
the .\. E. Fanner, — '1 lie
COMl'LEi'E FAR.MER and RURAL ECONOMIST,
By Titos. G. Fi:ssKNiJi':N, E^q.
Containing a compendious epit(Mne ot the most important
briuiclics of.'\grieiillurc and Rural Economy, and the loilowiiig
subjects arranged in order :
Soil.'!, Wheat, Beans,

Swine,

Lime iSc Gypsu
Fences,
Hedges,
Slieep,
Horses,

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE

IMangel VVurtzel,

Rota Bjig'i,

Potatoes,

M.nymaking,

I'loughing,

l'MUlir\',

Wood':

(irnsses. Rye

Grain, Oats,

Neat Cattle, Barley

Barns, Millet,

Dairy, Hops,

Hemp, Peas,

Fla.x,
and to which is added — Descriptions of the most approved hn-
plemenls and Machines, with Eitgnivivg$.

The work is printed on the besi of paper, and Is intended for
a Farmer's Directory, which every farmer should be possessed
of, anil relying upon an extensive sale will bo afforded at the
low price of. ?1. jcSO

BRASS SYRINGES.

Just received al llie Agricultural Warehouse, a good assort
menl of Willis's improved Brass Springes lorGreen Houses
Gra|)e Vines, &,c. litc. — see Complete Farmer, page 345.

je 4. J. R. NEWKLL.

REVOLVING HORSE RAKES.

Just received, a few more very superior Revolving Horse
Rakes. These rnkes which have this season been used by some
of our liesl Practical Fanners are very much approved. They
rake very clean and very expeditiously

For Sale at the Agricultural Warelinuse. jy23

GRAIN CRADLES.

For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, 52 North Market st.
a few more of Willis's Improved Gram Cradles, with Cast
Slecl Scythes, a very superior article. j>"^

WHITE DUTCH CLOVER.

Received this week direct from Holland lUOO lbs. superior
White Ci.ovER, warranted free from any kind of foul seed,
and at least worth one third more than American. This will
be found an excellent Grass for Pasture land, &c.

alG GEO. C. I5ARRETT, New England Seed Store

TURNIP SEED.

For Sale al the N. E. Seed Store, 51 and ,52 North Market
slreet, Early Duleh Turnip, Early Garden Stone dido, Yellow
Stone do. ; 'White Flat Winter do. ; Long Yellow French do. ;
Yellow .Aberdeen do ; Ruta Baga do.

The iwo last arc excellent kinds for Cattle. je 18

STR.V"\V CARPETING.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, No. 414 Washington street,
has received a lot of 106 pieces superior straw carpeting w'hite
and fancy checks, 5-4. 6-4, and 7-4 widths, which he ivill sell
by the piece or yard at very low prices. Also, Canton Straw
lablematts. istf. ' a 16.

FRUIT TREES.

'iRNAMENTAL TREES, ROSES. FLOWER-
ING PLANTS, &c. Nursery of WILLIAM
KENRICK in Newton, a.^ mi/''.'s from Boston

by tlie City Mills, and I a mile from the. Worcester

Rail Kiuid.

A rare collection of Fruit trees, Trees and shrubs of orna-
ment, Ro.ses, Dahlias, &c. This Nursery now rovers com-
pactly, the most pan ol 18 acres ; and includes of Trees and
plants in different stages ofgrowlli, from two to three hundred
thousand. Of new celebrated Pears alone, 150 kinds, a part of
which having been already proved in our climate, are espcr-
iallv recommenced. Of 'Peaches, a Capital Collection, for
extensive numbers nod fine kinds — .\pples — Cherries — Plums
— Nectarines — Apricots — Almonds — Quinces — Grape Vines
' — Currants — Raspberries — Gooseberries — Strawberries — Figs,
(Sec. — Selecticnrs fi om the best varieties known.

MORUS Ml'LTlCAUI.lS, OR NeW CHINESE Mtll.BERRY, SO

celebrated for die food of silkworms.

Of ROSE.S. A superb collection of from 300 to 400 hardy
and China varieties ; from numerous importations, and first
rate sources. White Flowering Horse Cliesnnts, M'eeping [
Willows, Catalpas. Mountain Ash, Silver Firs. Venetian Su- 1
mach. Altheas, Honeysuckles, Azaleas, &.c. &c. — in all, of]
Ornamental trees, anil shrubs, 650 varieties. Of Herbace-
ous flowering Plants, SCO choice varieties, includini; the linesi i
kinds of Pteonies, and 100 splendid varieties of Double Dahlias i

Gentlemen are invited to forward their orders early in Au-
lunrn. being an excellent season for transplanting. "Address
to WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton, Trees, Redelivered in
Boston free ol charge for transportation, and suil.ibly parked,
and from thence when ordered duly forwarded, by land or sea.
Or orders will receive Ihe same attention if left with Geo. C.
Barrett, who is agent, al his seed store and New England
Farmer Office, Nos. 51 ii, 62, Norlh Market Street, Boston.
Catalogues gratis od application. Je 25

h.
new

.\pi»i,Ks. russets, ....

liKAWS, white,

Ueei-', mess, (new) ....
Cargo, No. J . . . .

prime,

i'iEESWAX, (American) . .
BuiTEK.inspecied, No. I,nej
Cheese, new milk, . . . .
skimmed milk, . .
Feathers, northern, geese,,
soutliern, geese, .

Flax , American

Flaxseed

Flour, Genesee, . . . casi
Baltimore, Howard sir
Baltimore, wiiari,
Alexandria,. . . .
Grain, Com, northern yellow,
southern yellow ,
white, . . ,
Rye, Northern, . .

Jiarley,

Oats, Northern, , (prime
Hay, best English.

Eastern screwed, . .
Hard pressed, . . .

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality ....
2d quality ....
Lard, Boston, Isl sort, (none)

Souihern, 1st sort, . .
Leather, .Slaughter, sole, .
" upper,

DryHlde.sole. .
" upper, .

Philadelphia, sole,
Baltimore, sole.
Lime, best sort ....
Pork, Mass. inspee., extra clear

Navy, Mess

Bone, middhngs, . .
Seeds, Herd's Grass, . . .
Red Top,norIiiern, ,
Red Clover, northern,
WhilcDulch Honeysuc'
Tali.o\\, tried, . . ,
Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces
American. full blood,was'
do. 3-4ths d
do. 1-2 d.

do. l-4andcomm
Native washed, . .
_ f Pulled superfine
St: I Isl Lambs,
-£ = < 2d "
5 E. I 3d '■
^ (1st Spinning, .
Sodthern pulled wool is generally
5 CIS. less per lb.

kle

hed

from

barrel

l)U.sheI

2 00

barrel

10 00

"

7 50

•*

6 25

pouiuf

18

"

13

*'

8

"

St,

"

40

"

35

pomid

9

Itlislltl

1 50

harrel

5 00

*'

5 37

5 25

((

5 25

oushe]

72

"

C8

"

67

"

65

a

00

<<

41

ton

20 00

• •

13 00

"

12 00

gallon

36

pound

12

10

pound

{(

17

lb.

10

pound

IS

lb.

18

pound

21

^'

22

cask

85

barrel

17 00

"

13 00

bushel

2 37

pound

((

28

cwt

7 00

00

pound

50
43

n

35

CI

30

II

38

II

50

It

40

II

37

1 ■

20

11

35

PROVISION MARKET,

RETAIL PRICES.

HAMS.iinrtlirm.

SOtUlltTU

Pork, wliole liogs

Poultry, (luireriain) . . ■

Bl'TTER. (tub)

lump, new,. . . .

Eggs

Potatoes, (new) ....
Cider, (accordingto quality,)

pound

%

'^

8

((

6i

a

14

'<

20

dozens

18

bushel

75

barrel

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Aug. 4, 1834.
Reported for the Daily Adrertieer and Patriot.

Al Market this day. 156 Beef Cattle, (including about 30
unsold last week) j i860 sheep 3 B cows, and calves, and 80
swine.

Prices. Beef Cattle — In consequence of the limitednum-
ber at market, the Drover's speculator siezed upon the advan-
agc, and prices advanced from 50 to 75c per liundred. "

Sales
of^a few cattle were effected to be delivered Thursday or Fri-
dav ; we quote prime al 5 50 a 5 75 ; good at 5 a 5 25 ; Ihin at
4 25 a 475.

Ceirs and Calves— We noticed sales at 19, 23, *6, an^

S27J.

Shcef^-We noticed lots taken at 1 75, 1 88, 2, 2 17, 2 JS,
237,2 50, and 2 67.

ffeSaunc— One lot of about forty were taken without weighi»g.
A few were retailed, all of which were small, at about 7c.

32

NEW ExNGLAND FARMER.

ATJGVST S, 1!!34.

MISCELLANY.

THK HARVEST HOME.

Honor the Lord with thy suhstatiee, and with the first fruits of

all thine increase ;
So shall thy barns he filed with plenty, and thy presses shall

hurst out with new vine, — Proverbs.

Shout, reapers, shout your 'harvest home,'
Shoul praises to the glorious Lord,
Who pour'tl Ihe rain, who warm'd the sun,
Wliose bounty has our garners stor'd.
He bade the Spring with zephyr breath
Blow mildly o'er each frozen glade,
Till bursting from the bonds of death
Up rose the green and spiky blade.
In vernal showers Ilis goodness Bow'd
On every hill, on every plain ;
His providential care beslow'd
The early and the latter rain.
He beckon'd to the farthest south,
And call'd young Summer into birlh.
Then crovvn'd with blessings sent her forth
To shine upon the gladden'd earth.
And bade beneath her genial heat,
The soil her varied riches yield,
That man might from his labors reap
• The income of each fruitful field.
And next, as onward roll'd the year.
Brown Autumn, with her plenteous horn,
Shook from her lap the ripen'd car,
The bearded grain, and yel'ow corn.
And when by fruitful increase spent.
The land from labor sought repose ;
Old Winter from the North He sent
To wrap her in his hoary snows.
And bade him in his icy chain
Bind earth and air, and ticld and flood.
Till balmy Spring should breathe again
Her fragrance o'er each flower ami bud.
Thus all the seasons in their turn
At his command their treasures pour.
That man with grateful heart might learn
The bounteous Giver to adore.
Then turn each eye, and bend each knee.
* In praise to heaven's eternal throne,

While every heart swells gratefully ,

Thanksgiving for your han'est home.

And as ye raise your gladsome voice,

And liigher grows the solemn tone,

Oh ! let your thankfid hearts rejoice

To the glad shoul of harvest home.

be insulated when ull the bodies arotiml it are iioii-
condiiotors,) the air being a bad eotidttctnr, there
is a larjje |joition of electricity that has nothing oti
which it can remain. The result i.s, that heiii^'
collected in large quantities, owing to the rapid
Cvindensation of vapor into rain, and being attract-
ed by the earth, the nearest conductor, it ap-
proaches it with such velocity as to condense the
air before it — the condensation of which alters the
course, and causes the electric fluid to turn and
represent a zigzag course, which is noticed in its
descent ; and the air, being separated by the jias-
sage of the electric fluid through it, in coming to-
gether produces the sound which we call thunder;
and thus the lightnutg continues to descend at in-
tervals, so long as the va[)ur is condensed to set it
free.

It may be asked why lightning does not attend
all our storms, since the sante catises are at work ?
The answer is, because most of our rains coni-
inence very slow, and the air by becotning moist,
becomes a conductor vvhich is suflicient to convey
ull the electricity liberated from vapor condensed,
slowly to the earth.

From the foregoing remarks, the utility of light-
ning rods will he readily seen ; for if, when the
elastic fltiid is set at liberty, by the condensation of
vapor, there is a good conductor to convey it to
the earth, all the evils attendant on its descent,
without a gtiide, are avoided ; and it is evident,
that if the number of rods were snfiiciently large,
all the electricity liberated would be brought to the
earth without a re|)ort. These rods should be
large, for their power to convey is in proportion
to their surface. They should be placed on the
centre of the building, and ruii high enough to
clear the ends of the sajiie, by making an angle of
4-3 degrees from the top of the rod.

An Observer of Phenomena.

Middldowv, Jul;/ 10.

A TOAST HEL.PED OUT.

Amono the many excellent toasts which have
beeii published as given on the recent anniversary of
Independence, the following has not |ierluips Ix^n
exceeded. At a celebration in Delaware comity,,
says the Peimsylvniiian, where General Root pre-
sided, a militia eolonel who was sitting next to
him was called upon for a toast. Not having |)re-
(lared himself heliirehiind, he was a little piiz'/led
what to give, lie thought a minute and finally
concluded it should be something of a military na-
ture ; but precisely what he hail not fully deter-
niinetl, when he arose and thundered forth,

" The iMilitary of otir country — may ihey nev-
er want" — here he hesitateil — " may they never
want" — here he boggeil — " may they never want"
— and here he came to a full stop, and looking
imploringly at the President, whispered, " what
the devil shall I say next r"

" And never be wanteil," wliisjiered back the
General.

" And never be wanted" roared the Colonel.

Thus they made between them a ctipital toast,
which neither of them, and perhaps nobody else
vvoulil originally have thought of reading, when
put together as follows :

" Tlie Military of onr coimtry — may they nev-
er WANT, and may ihey never be wanted

From the S'-ntinel and Witness.
THUNDER STORMS.

These remarks are intended^ to throw some
light on the iihcnomena of thunder storms, which
are most freipient at this season of the year ; and
in order to proceed understandingly, two tilings
are necessary to be understood. First, it is one of
the fundamental principles of Electricity, that nil
bodies contain it in proportion to the (luantity of
surface which they have, and not in proportion to
the quantity of matter. This being understood, we
proceed to the next, which is the expansion that
water undergoes in passing from its natural state
to vupor or steam, which is 1728 to 1, or a siptare
inch of water bceoines a ctiliic foot of steam.
I'rom the foregoing remarks it will be evident, that
as soon as the vapor in the cloud begins to con-
dense atid fall to the earth in dro[)s, that electricity
wHl be given ofi', or set free, in proportion as the
quantity of surface in the drop is less than the
quantity of vapor of which the drop is composed ;
and since the cloud is insulated, (a body is said to

ITEMS.

hxttgribj. Wit and imderstnnding are trifles
without integrity ; it is that which gives value to
every charticter. The ignorant peasant without
faults, is greater than a jdiilosoplier with many :
for what is genitis, what is courage, vvithotit a
heart?

AdversiUj. The greatest olijcct in the universe,
says a certain philosopher, is a good man strng-
gling with adversity ; yet there is still a greater,
which is the good man that ctmies to relieve it.

Time is so ])recious an article, that Providence
gives it to us in the smallest possible portions, nev-
er yielding us two moments at once, but always
taking away one when the other is bestowed.

Good Manners. Is the art of contributing to
the enjoyment of those with whom we have in-
tercourse by putting them at ease, and catising
them to be pleased (not with you, but) with them-
selves.

Ill Manner.i — are tlie indications of pride, ill na-
ture, and want of sense. "Without one of these
ilefects no man will ofiend against good manners,
merely from want of being accustomed to what is
called genteel society.

Dres.^. He who has no other way to distinguish
himself than by the fashion and materials of his
dress, is a despicable creature, and unites the sil-
liness of the goose with the pride of the peacock.

Be sensible to your own value, estimate the
worth of others ; and war not with those who are
far above thee in fortune.

GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS.

Gruidstones of illH'erent sizes liung on Friction Hollers and
moved with a treader, is lountl to be a great improvement on
the mode of hanging grindstones, the ease widi which they
move upon the roilers renilers them very easy to turn with the
foot, by which the labor of one man is saved and the person Id
the act of grinding can govern the stone more to his mind by
having the ctuTiplele control of his wo. k.

The above .'itones may be found of a very superior kind, and
hung completely as abov e described at the AgiiculturnI Waic-
hou.se, 51 it .j2"North Blaikel street. jo 10

SEEDS.

.lust received direct from Holland, a large assortment of
CADBAGE SEfiUS, in small and large quaniiiics. These
are iVum a House upon which the titmosi reliance can be placed,
and tiie i|uality of Dutch Seed is found superior.

GARDEN AND PL.OVVEK SEEDS.

An excellent collection of.G.^isimN and Fi.owKR Seeds of
vervlic.-,! qufiliiv. in |iapcrs of lij cents eacli.eons'anlly on hand
and' for s.de at New England Seed Siorc ol_

GF.O. t. B.ARIiETT.

DAHLIAS.

A Collection of fine Doulite DAHJ.iiiS, slarted in pots at 50
cents, for sale at the New E)igland Seed Store.. 51 & .')2 Korih
Market .treei. Ci. C. BARRETT.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evi iiiiig, at >'3 per annnm
pavable at the end of the year — but iliose who pay wiihin
si.\ly d.ivsfrom the time ol subscribing, are entitled to a deduc-
tion of iifly cents.

03= No paper will be .sent to a distance without payment
being madein advance.

AGENTS.
IVrw For/;-— G.THoiiBUHN & SoNS,()7 Liberty-Street.
.4//„„,,,_Wm, THoKBUKN.S'n fllarkct-slreet.
I'hil'tdrtphia—V. & C. 1,ANDRF.TH,S3 Chesnnt-strcet.
Ballimon — 1. 1. II iTCHt ocK. Publisher of American Farmer.
Cincinn.iti—S. C. l'.\RKneRST, 23 I.oworMarket-strcel.
Fhish;7ig,N. Y. — Wm.Phinck & Sons. Prop. Lin.Bot.Gar.
Middhimry. Vt. — Wight Chapman, Merchant.
Ilarlford — GoiuiWIN & Co. Booksellers.
AVir/>Hr7/uor<— Enr.NK/,Kn .Stkdbian, Book.seller.
I'nri.<iii.mth. N. II.— .L W. FosTKK . Bookseller.
Aii^-nsia. Me. — Wii.i.ARP Snki.l, Druggist.
\Vo(«lslnck. V^— .1. A. Pratt.

Foittand.Me. — Coi.MAN, Hor.nf:N & Co. Booksellers.
/;,!»:;</;■, Me. — Wji. Mann, Druggist.
IlidJfas. A. iS. — 1'. .1. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.

St. l.mlis — GK(1. lloLTON. ^^^

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Ford & Damfeu,

whoe.\eciite evcrv description of Hvok and Fmtry Frint-
lna-\n iTOod style, and with promptness. Orders for print-
in'f may be left with Geo. C. Bakkictt, at the Agricul-
tural Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

NMW EMCJLrANB FARMER,

jeUliUSHEU BV GEO. C. aARRETT^O. 5a, NORTH MA RKKT STREET, (ATVH7AoK.c»,,T«P.A,/w.HKHousK0-Tr^r^"sE^^^E^mTOii:

VOL. xm.

JJOSTON, WEONESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 13, 1834.

COMMUNICATIONS.

NO. S.

Per tliL' AVir En'_rt'-tiid Fanner.
MANAGEMENT OP FOKMEK FROM CORN.

Mr. Fessekden — Sir, WlrHii flit; Spnctiitnr lind
an extensive circiiliition in Engljiml, Mr. Alrlis(m
l>y iissniiiinj^ tlie rliaractor of the Grnenil Inspect-
or of Mior;ils, seemed to leei liiinself olliciMliy aii-
tlioiizeii to nntieo e.very oceurrcnee interestin;,' to
Iiis fellow eitizens, to censure or iipiiland iis cir-
tnnistances rer|Mired. To TeW indiviiluaJs the
Uritish nation is so ninch indebted us to tiie Spec-
tator.

Yonr weekly paper, I presnnie, is at least as
well calenlate<l to correct errors in afjricnltnre as
the Spectator was to restrain and correct ohiiipiiiy
in inorals.

Knowinj^ niany fanners and some of your con-
stant readers, strangely and nnacconntahly vv:iste,
absohUely lose, a valiiahlo part of their annual pro-
<2uce, I think the New England Fanner ou;;lit to
convince them of the loss they sustain, hahitnally,
t'ither llir<ntj;ii ignorance or negligence. I refer
to the inauagement of fodder from corn.

lii this viciinty a large proportion of top-stalks
are nearly ruined liy storms before they are taken
from the field. They are worth little hut for nja-
niire. Two good sunny days, prepare this valua-
ble, this precious food for shelter; if the bnndlcs
are not largi^, and if hoiiml near the top, they will
not mould standing, unless pressed closely together.
A greater, much greater loss is sustained in
butt-stalks ; some farmers of quite resfrt-ctalde
standing, let tojis ami tons of this gqod fodder rot
ill heaps to be troilden tiirough the winter, and
thrown into the barn-yard in the spring.

My firm is small; [ plant about an acre of corn,
and that corn with the straw m- coarse bay I mix
wiili the butt-stalks, yields nearly or (julte one
ball" the support of three cows through the winter.
The little gniin I raise is threshed before my corn
comes ill. Directly after husking, three fourths of
my barn floor is covered as follows: First, a layer
of straw or hay two inches thick when pressed,
then as thick a layer of biitt-stalks, on these I
tlirow as much salt as I think the cows will relisli,
thus raising my stalk with straw and stacks alter-
nately, always salting the stalks, till the floor is
filled to the to[i of the great doors.

A little mould gives additional value to the
stalks, the cows carefully select those which ap-
pear a little damaged. The straw or hay of the
stack, absorbs the inoistiu-e of the stalks, and is
thereby rendered [lalatable and nutritive.

Altera fiddering of hay in the morning, my cows
depend on the stack till night, being fed from it
once in the morning and once at noon, in the bam
if stormy, in the rack if fair, flly stack is thus
used till the niiildle of April, and few cows in the
neighborliooil look so well as n)ine when turned
to pasture. This stack saves nearlij half the hay I
iiinst spend without it, of the tuauure it gives ine
your readers will judge.

Farmers on a large scale have full barns with-
out this stack. They must have the barn floor in
winter for threshing out and winnowing what
grain tlie colony of rats and mice have not des-
troyed. True ! But such a stack as mine might
Reformed near the barn-yard, and its value as fod-

der be greater or less, according to its dimensions.
J^nme persons known to me I deliberately and firm-
ly believe, by neglecting this part of their rich an-
nual produce, actually lose yearly good and pleas-
ant food enongli to keep ten coivs in a healthy anil
thriving condition through the winter.

Se>ex.

From the Genesee Ftirmer.
POTATOES AND INDIAN CORN.

Ox passing a well cultivated farm two or three
days ago, I observed in a potato field, that the
earth bad been drawn up into hills nearly one foot
high and somewhat conical around the stems ; and
I doubted if that labor bad been well directed. It
is now twenty-five yearssiuce I had a patch of po-
tatoes which we had commenced hoeing in dry
weather. A neighbor mildly remonstrated with
me against our proceedings, and said that potatoes
hoed in dnj iveuthe.r generallij yield a poor crop. I
had not duly considered the subject, but 1 took
his advice, waiting until we had a rain before we
hoed the remainder, and the difTerence in the
products of the two (larcels was jis great as lie had
predicted, — certainly more than three to one in
favor of hoeing when tlie ground was well moist-
ened. It was not so v.-et, however, as to be mud-
dy. The cause of this result was, that the leaves
of the potato shed the rain, and turn it from the
bill, perhaps more tlian any other vegetable which
we cultivate; and if the hills be made high and
.iharp, and once become dry, a moderate shower
of rain, will rarely penetrate to the roots.

From the Maine Farmer.
RAISING CREAM BY HEAT.

I AM inclined to think that a comniuuicntion on
the mode of raising cream by lieat, for dairy pur-
poses may be of service.

There are two important points gained in the
making of butter with the cream (irepared in this
way, viz : — Economy of time, and an increased
(|uaniity of butter from the cream jirepared in ibis
way. Fewer pans are needed, and of course few-
er to buy and wash, wdiile the time saved in clinrn-
ing is very remarkable. — I think from the exfieri-
eiice that I have bad from iny own cows, there is
a gain of about 25 per cent, of butter. The pro-
cess w simple. — Pans of a proper size will bold
about a pailful ; those I have, are made of zinc,
being more durable and not much more expensive.
When the cows are milked, the milk is strained
into the pan or pans and allowed to stand 12
lioiire. The pan is then placed upon an iron
frame, over well burnt coals, where it must he
carefully watched, and on the apjiearance of the
FIRST EUECLE, taken ofT the fire ; and after stand-
ing twelve or fourteen hours, according to the
weather, the cream may be taken ofi", and then
if suflicient cream is collected, churned.

When the butter is formed, the butter-milk is
drained oft' — cold water is put into the churn —
worked well with the dasher — and renewed until
it comes out clean. By this process the hand is
but little used.

. B. The surest way of discovering the first
bubble is, when the cream is well risen, to oi)eu
the cream or pass a pin through it in the middle
of the pan, and the first bubble that appears there,

will indicate the proper time to remove it from the
fi''^' Yonr oh't servant

Cha's Vaughan.

From the Genesee Farmer.
MANAGEMENT OP tlGHT SOILS.

In a foi^ier communication I treated of the
management of clay soils, and in this I shall con-
fine my remarks chiefly to those of which sand and
gravel are the principal component parts.

The best soils are generally of a dark color
with a due [iroportion of sand, calcareous earth
and clay ; and it is the business of the farmer, and
liap|iily in his |iower by judicious management to
preserve its fertility, or if cither of those ingredi-
ents be in too large or in too small a proportion, in
some measure to correct the evil.

In the management of clay soils, the great ob-
ject should be to render tlieiii more friable ; but in
the treatment of soils not sufliciently adhesive the
efforts of the fiirmer should he directed to render-
ing them more so. This is to be attained by the ap-
plication of clay, marl, leached ashes or swamp
mud, and by ploughing when the ground is wet.

It is often found that sandy soils rest on clay,
so near the surface that deep ploughing will bring
up some of it. Where this is the case, the farmer
may gain two benefits by one operation. Two
inches of clay turned up and mixed with the sur-
face soil, will be equal to a dressing of manure,
and every inch gained in depth, furnishes so much
additional room for the roots of plants to search
tor ibod. If however, clay is not within reach of
the plough, the skilful farmer will find a substitute
in the scouring of ditches, or some of the substan-
ces above named. Green crops ploughed in , have
been found very great improvers of such soils.

In the management of light soils, I should not,
recommend fall or winter ploughing, unless it be
with a view to destroy worms, for the ojieration
of frost is most certainly to destroy tenacity ; but I
would recoiiimeiid ploughiug deep in all soils.

It is ascertained that a due proportion of lime
in the soil, is essential to the production of good
wheat, and where this is lacking, the enlightened
firmer will endeavor to ascertain whether the de-
ficiency can be supplied without an expense dis-
proportioned to the benefits. In Norfolk, Eng-
land, anil in Pennsylvania, lime has been found
very beneficial on sandy soils. In Western New
York, where it can be obtained at a reasonable
price, it would be worth while to make the exper-
inieiit on a small scale. Ontario.

BONE MANURE.

This most valuable article is now sufficiently
known to be in very great rcrpiest by the. farmers.
The mill of Mr. Ogden at Red-Hook, has been at
limes unable to supply the demand. The mill of
fllr. Hornby in New York, has 10,000 bushels on
hand, which can be obtained of Mr. Childs, 63 Ful-
ton street, Brooklyn, who informs us that the accii-
iinilation of bones in N.York is such, that 800 tons
will be sent off in a few days, to manure the soil of
Great Britain. Exportation of bones to England is
no new thing, but we hope an increasing knowl-
edge of their value will create a brisk demand at
home. — Long Island embraces 925,000 acres, of
which 587,695 are yet unimproved. — L. I. Star.

34

NEW ENGLAND KAllMEK

ArGUST 33, 1S34.

■WINTER WHEAT, &,c.

As tbe time for sowing winter grain is not liis-
tnnt, I shall state to you the course ilial I pursue.
I usually sow ou oat or l.arley stuhhle where twelve
jiounils of clover seed to the acre has been sown
for manure ns a dressing. I endeavor to finish all
that I do to the ground hy tiie first of Se|)tenil.er.
If sown hy the 20th <d' August I should prefer it,
when the ground is well trkpared witm the
PLOUGH AMD HARROW. The vvlieat is sown being
prepared as stated below. The quantity of seed
is from one-half to two hushels per acre, and 1
nii\ with it a bushel and a half of oats, and on the
acre I spread or sow from one and a half to two
hogsheads of lime. After harrowing v\-ilh a sec-
ond sized harrow, the field is rolled well. The
use of the oats is to protect the wheat in winter
and in the spring, as they are a tender vegetable
and killed by the frost, they are easily converted
into manure, or food for the crop that is growing
liy sowing about a bushel of plaster to tbe acre.

The wheat should be prepared for sowing in the
following manner : A strong brine is made in a
tub, and the wheat gradually poured into it, and
what floats after the seed is ihorougbly wet is skim-
med off. The brine is then weakeue<l with water
and the wheat is left lo »oak twelve or more hours ;
the brine is tlien drained ofi", the wheat thrown in

HOT SPRINGS OF THE ARKANSAS.

A WRITER in the Little Kock Gazette gives tbe
following description of the hot springs of Arkan-
sas.

The springs are about five miles in a direct line
from the Washita river, and about a quarter ot a
degree north of the Louisiana line. 'I'hey break
out of llie side of a mountain, are very llmnerou^
and abundant, in water; indeed they burst lUU
everywhere iu the sides and bottom of a pretty
rocky creek, into which they all run. It is sain
they are seventy in uuud)er. They are so numer-
ous and their beat so great, that after two or three
weeks of dry weather, tbe creek becomes too liol
LO bathe in opposite the springs, and bathers go
Irum an eighth to a quarter of a ndle lielow, when
ibe water is bearal)le. Tbe exact temperature vvi
could not ascertain ; but it exceeds 150 o( Faren-
heil's thermometer. I sbonid judge the w.Armesl
^prmgs to have a temperatme of ISO. Praclica.
persons will recognise the degree of heat by tin
tact that the water will readily scald the hair Irom
hogs. 1 believe they are tbe warmest waters
known, except lliose of Hecla, in Iceland. Thi
water retains its beat (or u great length ot time;
iet into a bath at night, it is of a right teniperaturt
to bathe iu the morning. It is used either hy
oalhiug in the water, or exposing the body to the
steam which arises liom it when coidined, ami ioi

laborers who are troubled with rheumatism, lU
their old age, ought not to wonder what brought it
on nnlrss ibey liave very poor ineniiuics. — Ihu-
plc'a jMitgcizhie.

a pile on the barn ll"c)r to drain further, and limi

or plaster ndxe.l with the see.l, and it is then sown. | ll'is purpose some rude '^"" "';"'," ^;":";« '■';,=;;;'_'

This is a sure preventive of the smut, and ascer

tained to a certainty hy preparing smutty wheat

IN THIS WAY FOR THE CROP and SOWING A SMALL
<iUANTITY UNPREPARED. The CrOp WaS FREE FROM

SMUT. The unprepared was very smutty.

Celery. 1 think that 1 have adopted abetterand
Jess expensive mode of raising celery. The last
year was my first experiment ; and the plant was
iincnmmotdy fine anil well bleached. Instead ok
A trench I catiseil the groiiml that is to be plant-
ed to be well prepared «illi <dd manure mixed
with the soil, imd put the plants on a level of the
ground, if anything rather raised. Thus the young
and tender plant has the warmth of ibe sun to pro-
mote vegetation not only when first planted, but
also during the whole season. All the trouble
that we have after this is, lo fix a boarti oti each
Kide, and as the plant grows, fill it in, first with
soil, then with sand, putting up a second board as
the growth nipiires it.

As it is loo. late for this season to piusue this
course, 1 shall be prepared to add the experience
of this year to the practice of the next. Tbissea-
S'ln was rather cold and unfavorable, when the cel-
ery was first planted out. My celery cultivated in
this way was unciuumonly fine and well bleached.
Tlie sainl bleaches wilbont prodiuMug mildew from
loo much moisture. Your ob't servant,

Charles Vaughan.
HaUowell, Jul;, -28111, 1834.

over two or three ol the princjpid springs, they
have produced extraordinary cures iu rheumatism,
paralysis, liver complaints, enlargement ot tht
spleen, eruptions, pulmonary conqilainis, obstruc-
tions anil chronic disorders of every kind.

SPELT. (Trltifum Spilta.)

This grain is much used for bread, iti Germany,,
and is the frnmeutacions triliute which llie iiiicieiit
Ilomans exacted iVoin the People <d' the Country,
while it liu-nied a part of the Komau Empire. It
is considerably cnltivati d by the German Farmers
ill Pennsylvania. Its product is about the same
MS that id' wheat ; but the flmir made from it is of
a yellower color; and iheritbre not so valuable in
the markets, though (m rhaps eipially good fiir
i-onimon family use. The grain is to be hulled
before grinding ; and, as the skin of it is very thin.
It is very productive iu flour.

Its advantages over wheat are, that it is much
less liable to he winter-killed in moist lands where
wheat is apt to be drawn up by the roots by lli«
Irost. It will grow on the richest soil without
loiiging ; and it will also grow well on soils too
poor or dry to bear wheat to any advantage. It is
usually sown iu Pennsy Ivunia about the 20lh of
September; though it is said that it may be culti-
vated as a spring crop. I>ry soils are said to lie
most suitable tor this grain. Probably it might he
i-uliivatcd to advantage iu New F.ngland, and elsw-
vvhere where wheat does not flourish. — Far. ^'issist.

HORSE KILLED UY A BOAR.

TttE following singular instance of the ferocity
of a hoar, occurred in the vicinity of this city a
i-h irt time since : A horse having been put into a
meailow in which were a boar and some store pigs,
was attacked by the former, which it is supposed
instantly infliited siicli a wound upon it as to ren-
der it incapable of effectual resistance ; the en-
traiU were torn out, and the poor animal, whilst
in this state being set upon by the whole of the
jiigs, was partly devoured ulive! — JVeto York pa-
per.

THOUGHTS ASU DIRECTIONS FOR AUGUST.

Fruits begin to be abundant in proiiorlion as
the heat seems to create a necessity for them ;
sirawberries, curranls, gooseberries, lilai kberries,
&c. arc all made for tbe use of man or the other
animals, but man whose inoiles of life are so arti-
ficial, should use them with caution. Shun tliosi-
especially whicdi are unripe.

Fruits though ever so ripe and wholesome
should not be taken immediately after a full meal,
fashionable as it may be. Let them either form a
part or the whole of a light meal, or let them be
taken between meals, at the farthest distance from
them. The stones of all fruit are more or less in-
jurious, and should be avoided.

Eat sjiariugly of food generally, especially of an-
imal food. It is a great mistake of those who la-
b(U- haril, that they iiinst eat more in proportion.
The hunger ibey feel in such cases, is a diseased
hunger not a niduntl one. Those who are inactive
in body or mind, and those who are over-active in
either should tat little. It is be whose body and
mind are exercised moderately, and in due propor-
tion to each other, that can eat the most freely.

Uo not eat at any rate while greatly fatigued in
body and mind ; and above all do not take spirits,
or hitters, or vinegar, or mustard, or pejiper, or
ginger, or any thing of the kind to create an artifi-
cial appetite. God's laws operating iu your bodi-
ly frames in such cases, demand rest rather than
food or drink. 15nt if you drink at all, let it he iu
small draughts of cool (hut not too cold) water.
Avoid ice. A bit of toasted bread in your water
will always be useful.

In lying down for rest during the hot season,
avoid currents of air and the dauipjjrouud. Many

PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES.

Small portable steam engines, three feet square,
have been invented, which at an expense of a len-
der, and one hundred weight of coals per day, lift
two tons and a half of brick and niurtar daily to
ihe height of a fiiiir story building. The «hole
appaiatiis can he carried on a cart.

ITEMS OP ECONOMY, &.c.

To increase the Strength and Firmness of Tlircad
and Coarse Cloth. — The lixivium of oak has been
euqiloyed for scarcely any other purpose than that
of tbe tanner, and yet it is applicable lo a great
variety of uses. If thread, cords, nets, coarse linen,
&c. be steeped in it, they acquire greater firniiiess
and dnrahilily. Fishermen have long re?iuted to
this. Nothing is inm-e apt to spoil than skins, and
yet this preserves tlicni. h is the same with
hempen and linen cloth : they conlain much guiii-
my and resinous matter, whiidi, with tannin, forms
an envelope, and thus adds to (heir durability.
Linen ought not to steep more tlian eight or len
days in this solution : it acquires a very brown
color. When this color fades, the ojieratiou may
he repeated.

The best method of preserving nets and cord-
age is the following : Dissolve two pounds of
Flemish glue in fifteen gallons of water, dip the
nets, &r. into this solution, and then sleep them
in a strong solution of oak or cbesiiut bark, — the
lamiiu combines with the gelatine, and forms, b»-
iween the fibres of the hemp, a solid net work,
which adds great strength to the cords. Any
bark which contains tannin may be employed in
making a decoction ; so bones, parings of skin, re-
mains of fish, &.C. and generally all substances con-
taining gelatine, may be used in making a gelati-
nous solution. Fishermen, who often throw away
on the shore geloliuous fish, may use them for this
purpose. — yowr. des Connais. Usuttles.]

vol.. xni. Kn.B,

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

37

Jin economical Substitute for Cop>/ing Machines.
— Ill the cojiiiiioii ink used for wiiiiiii;, dissolve
witti it one diiielim of limip sii};iir to each oiiiiee
of ink ; moisten a sheet of unsized |i;t|iei- to copy
Willi, iind put it hetvveen two sheets of the siiiiie
jiaper to alisorh the snperHiions moisture ; then
put the moistened paper on the wriliiij;, when hy
passiiifT a rnler once or twice over its surface, you
will have a. perfect tiic-siinile struck llirouf;h the
copy paper without iiijiirin;^ tlie oiij^inal in the
l<-ast. — wV. i'. Daily Adv.

Shoe Blacking. Perhaps the hest in the world
is Elder Berries. Masli the berries with your
hand in n hu'^'e kettle of water; set them in the
shade a few days, until they ferment ; then lioilin^jf
it half a day, filling it up with water. After it is
cool, strain and wring them throujrh a coarse
cloth, and then hoil it down to the thickness of
molasses. Put a small fpiantity with a feather on
n brush ; rub the shoe till there is a fine gloss.
The same will make good writing ink.

JVew Mode of preserving Apples. We have seen
a very excellent s[iecimeii of a .successful mode of
preserving apples, which it is surprising has not
lieen oftener adopted by horticulturists, both from
its simplicity and the perfect certainty which
peems to follow it. A lady in Falkirk has been in
the habit, when she has pulled her fruit, of re-
serving about a peck to be preserved, which is
simply efl'ected by digging a hole in the gaiden,
iihoiit two feet deep, and lining it with straw,
upon this tlie apples are laid, and being well cov-
ered with straw, the earth is beaten over the whole.
— Not only is the flavor and smell (piite entire, but
tlie fruit looks just as if newly taken from tlie tree
— well colored and hard. — jGng". pa.

It is a well known fact, which cannot be too
often pnlilished, that a musket, fowling piece, &c.
is very apt to burst if the wadding is not rammed
down close to the gunpowder.

To stop liremorrhage from a leech bite, put a
spoonful of pir.ster of Paris, in the same stale as
when taking a cast, on tlie bleeding orifice.

An ingenious invention has been exhibited in
Englanil for fixing buttons to clothes, without
sewing. The plan is by rivetting the button to
the cloth, and thus the fastening becomes durable
as the garment. The Repertory of Arts in de-
scribing the invention, says, " it is the simplest
niid strongest button we have seen, and the plan is
applicable to all the buttons in common use."

A Big Kettle. It is mentioned in an English
paper that the largest wrought iron vessel ever
manufactured in the kingdom of Great Hrifain, is
now being made at Derby. Its dimensions are as
follows: diameter 47 feet; depth 20 feet 3 inches;
weight between 50 and 60 tons. It will contain
218,947 gallons, and 980 tons of water.

It is not stated to what use this immense vessel
is to be put. It would make a capital kettle for
manufacturing chowder at a Squantum feast.

Effectual Remedy against the ravages of the Hes-
sian Fly. Take one quart of Chamber ley. and one
quart o[ slacked stone lime ; stir them well together
and mix them with a bushel of wheat just as yon
are going to sow.

This easy preventive of the ravages of that des-
tructive insect, has repeatedly been tried by a num-
ber of farmers, who can vouch for its eflicacy. —
American Farmer.

Protection of Fruit. Being ju conversation the

other day with one of your subscribers, be said
you had missed it when writing on fruit gardens ;
and tlial he knew of a better way to protect them
than to plant hedges ; be kept a cnsset in the lot
and every rojjue thai entered was glad to escape as
be might. 1 inquired how he managed to giu
fruit for himself or his folks? O that was not dif-
ficult ; the rain would coiiie to the fence when any
of the family approached, and by tlirowing a rope
over his horns, he was secured till they got what
they wanted.

Though liable to some objections, I was pleased
on the whole with tlie plan, and hi; ve concluded to
send it lor your consideration. — Southern Agricul-
turist.

A Ram Imported by J. Barney, Esq. The Balti-
more Farmer states in substance that Mr. J. Barney
of Philadelphia, has purchased a ram for ijilSO
cash, which sheared 12^ lbs. of wool washed — he
is of the Bakewell, crossed with the Yorkshire
breed.

Capf. Mattheivs' Potatoes. The same paper
states that "Captain Win. P. Matthews, of Ches-
tertown, E. S. presented us a few days ago with
a Sfiecimen of his spring crop of potatoes, which
appears to be a new variety. They are of a pure
vvliite, of good size, and come very early — they
likewise appear to be very prolific ; they were
planted in March — the 25th of May they were iit
for use, and some were dug the 15th of June;
those remaining in the griumd were found to be
sprouting out and a second crop was planted on
the 25th of June, and also on the lOlh of July.

" They are very beautiful potatoes to look at,
and there is no doubt that they will be found a
valuable variety. The Captain is also engaged in
raising some from the seed of the potato hall, and
we may expect new varieties may be produced."

Large Fleeces. Two ewe Cosset sheep belong-
ing to Josiah Orcutt, Esq. of Monmouth, have this
year sheared 15 1-2 lbs. of clean wool, well wash-
ed in cold water. The last year, the first lime
they sheared, they had 14 lbs. They are half
Merino and half Saxon, and both have lambs this
year. They were from the celebrated flock of
Elijah Wood, Esq. of Winthrop.

It ought to be known, generally, that persons
struck with lightning, and apparently dead, are
sometimes recovered by the copious application of
cold water externally, particularly upon the face.

Wheat in this neighborhood is generally com-
ing in pretty well. Rye is light. Oats have
done well. The fruit crop will he generally de-
ficient, not more than one fourth the usual growth
of apples. — Grecvfield Mercury.

Horses — when fed on turnips, are induced to
eat the barn cliafi", and other dry food with a good
appetite — are kept healthy, and will work without
corn. — American Gardener.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

EXHIBITION OF FIiOWEKS.

Saturday, August 9, 1834.

Mr. J. W. Russell, Mount Auburn Cemetery —
fine and well grown specimens of Plectocephalus
americanus; Aster sinensis, var. double quilled;
TropiEoluin raajus, var. atrosanguineum.

Mr. SAMnEL SwEETSER, Cambridgeport — Geor-
gina, var. Dennesii.

Jlessrs. HovEYS, Cambridgeport — Georgina,var
Lord Liverpool ; Margiuatea poppies ; French do. '

Angemone graudiflora; Gilea capitata; Eschscholt-
zia califnrnica.

Mr. Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard —
Georgina, King of the whites ; Globe anemone
flure ; Washington and others; double and painted
Lady Alllieas ; Roses; IJignonia radicans ; Carna-
tions ; Crasula coccinea ; Phlox snbulata, purpurea,
and alba ; Kiidbeckia purpurea; Verhascuui ; Rose
acacia ; Belphiniums, &.c. &c.

I\Ir. M. P.WiLiiER, Dorchester — Phlox pyramid-
alis, var. alba, tardillora; Lobelia cardiiialis; Splen-
ilens and Fulgens; Cassia marylaudica ; Schizan-
thus porigeiis ; Malo|ie grandiflora ; Rudbeckin
fulgida ; Coreopsis lauceolata ; Georgina antonia ;
Picta formossissiuia.

Mr. S. Walker, Roxbnry — Georgina, Barrett's
Susannah ; Mountain of Snow ; Matilda ; Viola
grandiflora ; do. Mary queen of Scots ; do. Fox-
hunter ; do. Luna ; do. Win. IV. &,c. ; in all six-
teen varieties ; Phlox, &c.

Mr. William Kenrick, Newton — Roses, Noi-
sette and other ever-blooming varieties ; Phlox
pyramidalis purpurea, pyramidalis alba, divaricata,
shepardia and other var. Dahlias ; Lord Lyndhurst,
Pulla, Orange, Black Prince, &c., double white
Canterlinry Bells, double white Larkspur, Clematis
integrifolia, Ileliantlius giganteiis, divarecatus and
iiiultiflorus ; Riidbeckia purpurea and fulgida ;
Monardia ; Lysimachus electa ; Red Tradescantia ;
Coreopsis tripteris and lauceolata ; Tiger lillies,
Hibiscus palustris; Venetian Suniarli ; Corclionis
japoiiicus ; Althea friitex, varieties. Also, Cockle'
shell Miillicrry, and the varieties for silk Morettiani,
or Dandolo and JIulticaulis.

Messrs. Wi-NSHips, Brighton — Gladiolus psitla-
cina ; Rosa Macrophylla ; with varieties of peren-
nials, biennials, and annual flowers.
By order of the Committee,

Jo.na. Winship, Chairman.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, August 9.

Apples. Very fine Early Harvest, by Mr. B. V.
Frfnch, Boston.

Handsome sfiecimens of Shropshirevine or Sop-
savine and Williams Favorite, by Mr. E. Vose,
Dorchester.

Pears. Beauty of Snmmer, by Mr. R. Man-
ning, Salem.

A remarkably large specimen of Green Chisel,
by Col. M. P. Wilder, Dorchester.

Petit Muscat, l>y Mr. B. V. French.

July or Sugar Top, by Mr. Samuel Walker,
Roxbnry — very good for that variety.

Apricots. Craft's Late Seedling, from the gar-
den of Mr. E. Crafts, Boston.

A handsome specimen, by Mr. James Went-
woRTH, Cambridgeport.

Early Breda, by Mr. Thomas Mason, Charles-
town Vineyard.

Very large Apricots, by Mr. Saml. Pond, Cam-
bridgeport.

Plums. Early Scarlet Cherry Plums, by Col.
M. P. Wilder.

A large specimen of Early Harvest was receiv-
ed from Mr. James EnsTis, South Reading.

For the Committee, E. M. Richards.

(U^'IVie Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, will
hold an Exhibition at Philadelphia on Wednesday
and Thursday, the 17th and 18th of September,
and solicit contributions in fine specimens of Fruits
Flowers, and Culinary Vegetables.

36

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AUGUST 13, IS3*.

From the Grcenjitld Oazette.
TIMBER TREES.

No country is any better, ami few so well
stocked with such a variety of iiotile forest trees as
America. Scattered tliruiislioiit the continent, are
to be found almost every Uind of tree convenient
for utility or ornament. The oak, elm, walnut,
ash, ])ine, fir, clierry, maple, with many other
varieties are to be found in {^reat profusion. Al-
though in the older and thicker settled portions of
the country, there is yet ii .sufficiency of tindier
trees for all ordinary purpo.ses, and the forests con-
tain many of great size and beauty, yet to fiiid
them in all their beauty and perfection, in great
(juantilies and njagniticunt size " the iiriniisval
monarchs of the soil," we must visit the newly set-
tled i)arts of the country, where the axe of the
liack-woodsman is but beginning to be heard. In
some parts of the country, the cutting down of the
forest trees and converting them into lumber for
exportation is one of the principal occui)ations of
the inhabitants. Large quantities of logs are an-
nually rafted down the Coniieclicut river from the
wooils bordering on its banks in Veriiioiit, the
l)riucipal i)art of these slop at the towns lower
down the river, and are sawed tip and used in
building; many go to Springficdd and Hartford.
But the State of Maine possessing as it does an ex-
tensive sea-coast and many fine harbors as weU as
inland streams with a considerable portion of its
surface yet covered with forests — does more proh-
liiy in the exportation of lumber, than all the other
States of the Union; many of the iidiabitants make
it their chief employment, and vast quantities are
shipped to various parts of the United States, the
West Indies, and England. The " lil)rary of en-
tertaining knowledge," states that " the princijial
exportation of deals from America, not only to
Europe, but to the West India Colonies, is of the
white pine." So great is the ilemaiul for this Sj)e-
ries of tindier, that in the thickly peopled districts
it has been almost entirely consujiied, so that those
who are engaged in the business of cutting down
the tiees have to pass the greater [)art of their lime
in remote forests where the white |)ine is still
found. The places in which the Imnbering par-
ties intend culling in the winter, they visit in the
summer, and prepare a stock of hay for their oxen ;
in the di'|)th of winter with the snow five or six
feet deep, and the mercury in the iherinomeler
sometimes eighteen or twenty d(^grees below the
freezing point, they go iiito the woods, build them-
selves huts roofed with bark, and with utmost en-
ergy commence felling the tree's : when felled they
are cut into logs of about eighteen feet in length,
and drawn by their oxen lo the bank of some stream
and rolled upon the ice; in April or May, when-
ever the ice breaks up and the " freshets couje
down," the current floats the logs to some place
where the stream is of sufficient width to allow
then) to bo formed into rafts, which are conduct-
ed down the stream and dcliveied to the mer-
chants. Thousands of logs which are collected in
the Kennebec river during the winter, are taken
down the current as far as Weiislow, about ono
hundred miles from the sea, where the logs heijig
j)reviously marked, the owners arc enabled to se-
lect the |)roduce of their respective laborers. The
timber is hero sold to the proprietors of numerous
saw-mills established on the Kemiebec, between
Wenslow and the const, where it is sawed up and
exported.
The timber trees which are most plenty in our

forests, and from their (jualities most valuable for
geneial a|i|)lication are the oak and pine. For
strength and durability, the oak claims the ]U'e-
cedeiice of all other liudier ; it [lossesses a com-
l>inaliou of necessiiry cpudities that render it par-
ticularly fit for shiji building, for which it is much
us{'d. Of one hinulred and forty species, of the
oak, that urft desciibed by riiffei'ent writers, more
than one-half belong to America. The age to
which the onk can continue to vegetate, is not fidly
ascertained, but it is very great, probably three or
foiw hundred years. It sometimes grows to an
enormous size, intention being made of one in Dor-
setshire, England, which was sixty-eight feet in
circumference, with a cavity sixteen feet long and
twenty feet high, which was ujade use of by an
old man, idiout the time of the Comuion wealth, as
a house of entertainment for travellers ; this is the
largest ever maile nieniion of After the oak, the
pine, from its abundajite, and from its various
good qualities, claims the second place among val-
uable trees. As the oak is the shipwright's timber,
so is the pine the carpenter's. Michaux in his
splendid work on the Forest Trees of North Amer-
ica has described fourteen species of pine, which
are found in the woods of this country. The
most valuable of these are the " Long Leaved
I'ine," from which our tiM'pentine and tar are
princi|)ally produced, the " White I'ine," Hem-
lock, Spruce, and the American Silver Fir.

Although the exportation of timber is now car-
ried on so largely from North America, and its for-
ests seem inexhaustible, being yet as it were com-
menced upon, yet the oi)eraiion of causes, may,
and i)robably will render it in the lapse of years
no longer an exporting country for tind)er ; those
causes are the indiscriminate clearings of the
agri(ndtural settlers, " and the conflagrations that
occasionally take place" — for instance the one that
occurred in New Brunswick in October, 1825, in
which upwards of a limjdred miles of the coimtry
on the north side of Mirammichi river was burnt
over. The woods are often set on fire from mere
wantonness, and in hot, di'y seasons the flames
spread with inconceivable rapidity, destroying in
a few moments that which it has taken centuries
to produce.

ON PROPAGATING THE PURPIiE BROCCOLI,
PROM SLIPS.

Oy reading Mr. Kendall's article upon the prop-
agation of cabbages from slips, I feel inclined to
draw the attention of your readers to the growing
of jiurple broccoli in the same way ; a practice
whi( h was adopted, some years since in the west
of Cornwall, and for aught I know may be still
continued there. The variety thus treated seemed
to be rather peculiar in its habits, and compact
and handsome in its growth. The head being re-
moved l<)r cidinary purposes, the method was to
let the stump remain, which had already thrown
out sprouts below ; and these being left to grow
showed no indication to form heads for the season.
In the month of June the sprouts were suiliciently
advanced to be slipped off; and after being ex-
posed n day or two in the sun to cauterize
iho wound, they were planted out in the usual
maimer. In two or three weeks they liad taken
root, nn<l in the course of the autunm made fine
stocky plants. 1 have seen many instances of the
broccoli thus grown having heads three feet in
circumference, and as close and compact as pos-
sible.— Maine Farmer.

SUB-MARINE MINES.

It is a most remarkable (iict, that not oidy irt
hills and valleys, atid fiom the plains, have the
enterprising explorations of the miners been con-
ducted— some of the Cornish mines have actually
been carried to a considerable distance imdcr the
sea; some of these sub-marine excavations, as de-
scribed by Mr. Hawkins, display in a striking man-
ner, the tflects of per.severance and the defiance of
danger on the part of the miners ; for instance,
the noted mine of Huel Cok, in the parish of St-
Just, which descends 80 fathoms and extends it-
self forward under the bed of the sea beyond low
water mark. In some |il;icrs the miners have only
three fiitboms of rock between them and the sea ?
so that they hear very distinctly the movement
and noise of the waves. This noise is sometimes
terrible, being of an extraordinary loudness, as the
Atlantic ocean is here many biindjcd leagues in
breadth. In the mine, the rolling of the stones
and rocks over-head whi(d) the sea moves along
its bed, is plainly lieard ; the noise of which, mix-
ed with the roaring of the waves, sounds like re-
iterated claps of thunder, and causes both admira-
tion and terror to those «lio have the curiosity to
go down. In one place, where the vein was very
rich, tliey searched it with imprudence, and left
but four feet of rock between the excavation and
the bed of the sea. At high water the bowling of
the waves is beard in this place in so dreadful a
manner that even the miners who work near it,
have often taken flight, supposing that the sea was
going to break through the weak roof and pene-
trate into the ujine. — Lardner''s Cabinet Cyclopedia.

THE HARVESTS.

Norwn•HSTA^DING the late frosts which threat-
ened so seriously the prospects of our farmers,
our accounts from the difi'erent sections of the
country, afford us the gratifying intelligence that
the crops are everywhere abundant. In many
parts the wheat is said to be heavier, ••Mid general-
ly in better condition than several years past. It
seems that in anticipation of a failure of the wheat
and rye from the effects of frost, a larger propor-
tion than usual of corn, buck-wheat, &c. wasi)laiu-
ed by many of the firmers, which must necessa-
rily have a tendency to give a larger supply than
usual of those articles. But we will undertake to
guarantee, that there will be mouths enough for
all, and we heartily congratulate our country
friends on the abundant success which has crown-
ed their labors.

Our |)apers from the villages of the interior
come to us with notices of the husbandman's suc-
cess, and invitations for the villagers and farmers
of the surrounding country, to join in the celehr.i-
tion of" Harvest Ucune," a species of merry mak-
ing which the farmers of our Slate, i)articularly
the German descendants keep up with becoming
cheerfulness, accompaided by the most enlivening
demonstrations of joy and thankfulness. The liar-
dy sunburnt cultivators of the soil, assemble to-
gether in some sluidy retreat, and enjoy the good
things to which they are so honestly entitled with
a zest that gives u double relish to the feast and
the merriment.

From what we can learn, and we have taken
some pains to make enquiries, the farmers have
cause for congratulations, not only through our
own, but through the neighboring states of Dele-
ware, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. — United
States Gazette.

vol.. XIII. NO. 5.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

37

CHI.ORIDB OP SODA.

Such is tlie (iisinlectiiig .-liKl |)ii]il'yiiig nature of
the Cliliiride of Sod-i, tliut tlie writer saw n neat's
tongue, last FiiHay, taken from u pickle tuli in a
tainted and offensive condition, and after lieiiig
washed in sevei-al tiilis of pure water, and soaked
in pure water for hours, it still retained its oH'eii-
Biveness, when a wine-glass full of fresh Cliloride
of Soda was poured into one cpiart of water, and
the tainted tongue washed therein for five minutes,
Jind it hecaine as sweet as though just taken warn]
Troin the ereature's njoutli ; the same tongue was
then washed in pin-e water and l)oiled, and a sweet-
er piece of meat was never served upon the tahle.

At this time the writer was suffering from an
iiiflamed and swollen cheek, in coiisei|ucnce of a
decayed tooth ; it occurred to hijn to try the ex-
perinient on his face, he accordingly took one tea-
spoonful with twenty of pure walei', and with a
soft hrush washing the inside of his check and the
whole month therewith, ii soon relievcl tlie pain,
«ml allayed the iuflammation, and the swelling
gradually subsided. I do not say that every thing
called the Chloride of Soda will perform these
things, but this was fresh made, hy an excellent
cliemist. — Philad. U. S. Gazette.

PURIPICATIOW OP THEATKES OF DISSEC-
TION, <S:c.

A SPECIAL commission was lately ap|iointed I'or
the purpose of ascertaining the hest metlrod of dis-
infecting anatomical theatres of their stench and
unwholesome elHuvia. They tried a multitude of
cxpeilients, hut found thai the use of simple char-
coal i)owder is much the most efficacious. Sojne
of this powder was Mended with and sprirdiled
over the putrid contents of the bowels one day,
and on the next it was always found that their of-
fensiveness was in a great measure removed ; and
if the students rubbed their hainls well with the
charcoal before they washed them, all unpleasant
smell was most certainly got rid of. This i)ractice
lias been tried extensively at the ilissecting am])hi-
theatre of the La Pitie Hospital, and from its sim-
plicity and efficacy is now constantly adopted there.

One great advantage of the charcoal is that it is
a harmless substance, and that it does not even
cause the steel instruujents to rust, which unfortu-
nately is apt to be the case if the preparations of
chlorine are used as a disinfecting agent. — Revue
Mediccde.

_ CHOLERA.

Mr. S. p. Hildreth, of Marietta, Ohio, says —
" Not a single death by cholera, that terrible
scourge, which has visited and made sorrowful so
many places in the West, both above and below
us, has occurred in Marietta. It may, perhaps, be
attributable to its naturally healthy location, to the
wide airy streets and cojnmons, to the cleanly and
sober habits of the people, and to the great abun-
dance of shade trees, which every where deck our
streets and door yards. It was observed, several
years since, while the disease was yet cojitined to
the eastern continent, that regions thickly covered
with woods, and towns and villages in which grass
plats and trees abounded, suffered much less, and
in many instances not at all, from the cholera. It
may be philosophically accounted for in the known
j)roj)erty which the dense foliage of trees possesses
of decomposing the poison which generates mias-
matic fevers, and with which the cholera was
closely allied, from its prevailing mostly in dis-

tricts subject to these diseases. VVhalevcr may
have been the cause, the inhabitants of Marietta
have great reason for gratitiule and jiraise to that
Ucing wlio ruleth the destinies of man."

DRAINIWG.

■ Ponds — which have no natm'al outlet, may yet
in most cases, be drawn off" by sinking u well, or
hole, through the stratum of clay, or other close
earth which holds the water, until a stratum of
gravel shall be found, into which the water of the
pond may be carried, when it will sink away. The
well, or hole, should be filled up with stones, and
the waters of the pond directed by ditches into it.
Frequently the bottoms of ponds are found to be
line rich earths, and well worthy of cnliivalion.
The draining of such ponds is also highly reipii-
sile, ibr the purpose of avoiding the viiastna which
proceeds from them, and which is so productive of
fevers. — Fanner^s Assistant.

Ill draining loiv grounds, the great object is, to
give the main stream the shortest and best conise
throngh all the extent of ground to be drained.

When the line for the ditch has been fixed, it

should be marked off" by stakes The new line

will probably cross in many places the serpentine
lied of the stream : the work should he commenced
in the dry season, and on the dryest jiarts of the
laiul, if any are too wet for the operations requireil.

The greater part of the digging and removing of

the earih [hy plough and broad hOes] may be done

at very small cost compared to spade work There

is generally no need of digging low enough to divert
at once the stream to the new course — it will be
sure to take the new and straighter course at every
rise of the water ; this operation may be hastened
by opening well the upper end of the new channel
at each crossing place, and somewhat obstructing
the old passage jnst below by the tow of a tree or

other rubbish To stop the water entirely from

the old channel would prevent its being filled up

As the old channel for a long timew'ill convey the
stream, it serves to keep the new work in differ-
ent dry sections, to be o|)ened as may be conven-
ient. Adjoining sections should be connected as
soon ns possible (and by the s|(ade if necessary) so
as to have the benefit of any flood of rain that may

occur When streams are thus straightened, and

llieir sides kept clean and smooth, they will carry
off' cpiantities of water that could not be kept with-
in the former stream even if four or five times the
superficial' extent. — Mstract, art. 57, S.Jlgr.

SHEET IRON GIGS.

These gigs are continuing to grow as rajiidly nu-
merous as they are increasing in public estimation.
A very beautifully fitted up one was this week fin-
ished by • Messrs. Reed and Hanna, and Messrs.
Walker, for tlie Paisley Canal. Two others are in
state of great forwardness for Dublin ; and several
others for various canals, are also in preparation.
This business of gig making has extended to John-
stone, also, where there are six or seven of them
getting forward for various canals both in Scotland
and Ireland. Steam coaches will find in these
gigs most powerful competitors to contend with.
The increase of trade on all the canals on which
they have been introduced is astonishing. The
hustle at the basin here and at Port Eglinton by
the hourly departure is quite enlivening, and we
understand the travelling by the Forth and Clyde
Canal is increasing in a most astonishing degree.
Indeed, from the speed they have attained, and the

low price charged to Fclinburgli, Stu'ling, Alloa,
&c. no other result could be ex|)ected. — PaisUy Ad.

A NOVEI. AGRICULTURAI. FEAT

— Was performed in Rhode-Island a lew days
since, h was a ploughing match on a trial of
skill in the use of the idoiigh, among fifteen com-
petitors. The projector engaged fifteen jiloughs,
with the teams, to p'longh filieen acres "of green
sward," jiaying each a tiiir cojnpensation, and of-
fering a premium for the best performance, accord-
ing to certain specified rules. A connnittee was
a|ipointed to superintend the performance and ex-
amine the work. The trial cnjployed sixty head
of cattle, and was completed in from six to eight
hours. It must have been a j]leasant and exhilar-
ating spectacle. Of such sports we have ton few
in this country. The desire for excitement unfor-
tunately takes, in most cases, a more pernicious
direction. It would be a national benefit if it
could be converted into such innocent and profit-
able channels. The revival of a taste for these
rural competitions would do much to soothe the
acrimony of mere party squabbles, towards which
the thirst for occu]iation and excitement now
leads, make the use of ardent spirits a less general
resort, and relieve the tedium of too much leisure
by the stimulus of rational amusement. — Bait. Am.

DRY ROT.

An officer of the navy, now dead, was informcil
by the Rev. G. Williams, of Rhicolos, in North
Wales, that it had been found from long experi-
ence, that the water in the reservoirs for supply-
ing the [uecipitate pits at the copper mine works,
at Parry's monnlain, in Anglesea, has the projier-
ty of preserving timber from decay and dry rnt in
a surprising manner, by the short process of steep-
ing it therein a few weeks only ; and that it has
surli a powerful effect in hardening the wood »s
to bhmt the sharpest tools. It consequently is
found necessary to shape and fit the wood com-
jdetely Ibr the use intended, before it is put into
this water for seasoning.

The water at Parry's mine is impregnated with
copper, snl))huric and vitriolic acids. It is preserv-
ed in large reservoirs for supplying the [U'ecipitate
pits, which are filled with old iron that attracts the
copper from the water.

It appears that the fiu'mers when they find their
timber for agricultural purposes too green for im-
mediate use, stec]) it for a few days in the copper-
water, which has the power of extracting the sap,
and fitting it for use jiroperly seasoned.

I understand that a complete transmutation takes
place in the iron ; it gradually becomes incrusted
with the copper, wdiilst at the same time the acids
act as a corrodant ; so that a piece of iron thrown
in, after a certain titne, comes out cojiper, but
whether weight for weight, or size for size, I do
not recollect.

The Admiralty, I believe, are in the posses-
sion of this information ; if, however, the present
method of immersing ships and timber in sea-
water is successful in curing or preventing the dry
rot, we certainly cannot obtain a more easy or
cheap method of gaining the desired end. The
component partsof sea-water, common salt, marine
magnesia, and salenite, are very dissimilar to those
of the mineral waters of Parry's mine, and it will
be curious if both, nevertheless, produce the same
effect upon wood U. S. Journal.

38

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AUGUST 13, 1834.

iN K VV K N G L A N 1> F A K M E 1< .

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUG. 13, IS34.

GAJIIA GRASS.

Roxhunj, .'his:- 10, 1834.

Mr. Fes9k>dex — You re'iciest those who le-
rpived steils of llie Giiiiia gniss to state the lesull
of their experiiiiKfit.

Mr. G. C. Barrett sent me 8 seeils of the Gaiiia
prass. I sowed it in |)ots on the 2'i'th of March,
1834. It was placed in my hot house, and in the
hottest part of it. It n|)|ieiired aliove jrronnd about
tlie 'iOili of June, near ninety days after sowing.
1 did not expect it earlier. It has a thick .silicious
coat — is sown in the tall in the southern States, or
is forced to <.'erniinate liy ariilicial means. It is in
fine health, hut it would take 24 months at its
present rate of jrrowth to f;ive one ton to the acre.
1 am afraid that it will give a crop of moonshine.
Yours, J. Lowell.

PARMER'S WORK.

Fatting Swine. If your ol)ject is to fatten your'
hogs cheaply, you will allow them sufficient time
for tlie process, and make them thoroughly fat
liefore you kill tlirin. It is liest to begin to fatten
them the latter part of August, or commencement
of September, so that they may be fit for the
butcher befcue the weather becomes very cold, as
it is hardly possible to make iheni thrive in cold
weather.

A farmer staling the result of some experiments
in Hath .Society papers, vol. vi, p. 382, observes,
" I invariably ii)Uiid that the quantities of food
consumed (by fatiiug hogs) increased every week
till the animal became three parts fat ; after this
period they eat but little, and almost all they eat
turned to fat. It is therefore good ])oIicy to make
them completely fat, and that only can be done by
allowing them time."

It is said that hogs thrive l>est when there are
lint three or four in the same apartment of a pen.
They are fond of society, though no better than
H " swinish mnllilude" when congregated in large
nssemblies, as they know no law but their own
wills, and acknowledge no right but the right of
the strongest, they sometimes condemn a weaker
brother without juilge or jury, and proceed to ex-
ecute him without mercy. When therefore it is
wished to fatten a considerable number they should
have several apartmenls separated by partitions and
there may be a general feeding trnugh, to which
each division of animals may have separate ac-
cess.

" There is no greater mistake than that of ^org-
ing swine when first penned for fattening. They
xlionid on the contrary be moderately and fre-
quently fed, so that they be kept full, but do not
loathe or reject their food ; and in the end con-
tract fevers and dangerous maladies, originating in
a hot and corrupted mass of blood. In airy and
rootny, yet moderately warm pens, paved and
boarded, they are healthy and thriving. They
show a disposition to be deaidy however other-
wise is supposed, and always leave their excre-
mentitious mattc^r in a part of the pen distinct frou]
that in which they lie down. No animal will
tlirive unless it be kept clean."

Much has been said relative to the value of
avfeet apples as food for swine. Sour apples,
however, according to a writer for the New Eng-
land farmer who signs VV. II. S. (see vol. xii, p.
203) were not made is vain. When mellow they

are excellent food lor hogs, and probably lor all I
other stock. Let farmers who doubt this decide
by experiments. For myself 1 have no iloubt. 1

" To feed apples to hogs make them into pomace j
hy cntiiug them with a shovel, or by mashing
them. Then put in some meal or bran, and let
them stand till they get the saccharine fermenta-
lion, then as you feed put in your sour milk or
whey, liogs fed with this food will fatten very
fast, and do not seem to clog us on richer food.

" Feruientalion takes place very somi in warm
weather. The quantity of meal used should vary
according to circumstances."

If'orms in the head of Sheep. Some parts of the
country are infested by a kind of fiy, which natural-
ists call oestrus ovis, of the same genus with that
which deposits eggs in the hair of horses, and
causes botts. This fiy attacks sheep from about
the middle of August to the middle of Septendier,
deposits its eggs in the nostrils of the animals, and
causes those worms in the head which so Ircijuent-
ly destroy sheep. The Mechanic's Gazette re-
commends as a preventive, covering the nostrils
with a list of gauzy substance through which the
animal can breathe, and keeping it in its place by
something adhesive. Another jueventive whicli
shee|) owners have assured us is etiectual is, to
keep the noses of the sheep constanily sitdrched
with tar from about the middle of August to the
latter end of September.

Mr. Alexander Keed, of Washington, I'enn. in
an article on the management of sheep, |)ublished
in the N. E. Farmer, vol. iii, p. 60, observed that
" smearing sheep's noses with tar is considered as a
protection against this enemy. What experience 1
have had is rather calculated to strengthen this
opinion. I have always ujade free tise of tar
among my sheep, ajid 1 do not know that 1 ever
lost one by worms in the head."

It has been reconunended to mix a little fine
salt with tar, and place it under cover, where
sheep can have access to it, and they will keep
their noses sufficiently coated with tar, to prevent
the insects from attacking them.

It consists of a Calender of Far nier'' a and Garden-
er's work for each month in the year, and has ill
addition a variety of judicious recipes and neat en-
gravings, together willi almost a humlred maxims,
one of which " look ahead, before you go ahead,"
is worth the price of the Tablet. A young friend
of ours decorated tin; matter in modern style, and
added those valuable rulisof Dr. Franklin, com-
prised in "the art of making money plenty in eve-
ry man's pocket," done in Hieroglyphics, in a very
taking way.

They are for sale hy Mr. George C. Barrett,
New England Farmer office, No. 52 Norlh Market
street, Boston. They can be sent hy mail for one
or two cents to any town in New England. Call
jiid see.

SOMETHIJXG KEW AKD VSEFl'I..

By virtue of a figure in rhetoric called egotism,
much used by monarchs and monarchists, (loets
and politicians, statesmen and showmen, stump
orators and orators who have gotten against a
slump, we take the liberty to annunciate to the
cultivated coimiiunity, as well as the community
of cidlivators, that we have just completed an e|u-
tome of economy, an incentive to industry, a man-
ual of morals, a persuasion to prudence, a touch-
stone of temperance, &c. &c. &c. all which we
shall be happy to hand to our friends in a handy
hand-bill, which though larger than your hand is
less than a hand-cart; and if jilucod over your
uumtel, and not displaced by your meddlers will
always be found in its place, a modest monitor,
giving the best possible advice relative to the duties
of the faiiner and his family, without fee, fear or
favor. But alliteration apart and puns not jjerpe-
trated,

The work alluded to is called " the farmer's
ROAD TO WEALTH," aiul we will guarantee that not
one of the copies shall be put up in a house, and its
directions followed by the household for two suc-
cessive months, without its being instrumental in
saving three times the amount of its cost, which
is 25 cents, as well as causing three limes as much
more to he earned in the same period.

ITEMS OP INTELLIGENCE.

IVool The decline in the prices of wool, is shown in
the following stKtement from the Boston Courier, ob-
tained by Mr. T. E. White, the editor of the review of
the prices current in that paper, from one of the largest
wool-dealing houses in Boston. The statement is made
in consequence of complaints that the quotations of prices
of that article were incorrect, and made so from poUti-
cal motives. — LoirrlJ Journal.

Sales nf Wool made by a house in the city, largely en-
gaged in the wool trade, since May 1, lti34, amounting
to over 300.000 pounds.

3,000 pounds Saxony fleeces, at 70 cents per pound ;
for the same lot of wool llO cents was refused last au-
tumn.

44,000 pounds mixed Saxony, ."57 1-2 a CO cents; th*
same description brought last season, 70 a 75 cents per
pound.

50,000 pounds three quarters to Full Blood, 51 a 52
cents per pound ; the same description brought last sea-
son, (ji 1-2 a G5 cents pet pound.

70,000 pounds three quarters to Full Blood, at 50
cents ; the same description brought last season 60 a
62 1-2 cents per pound.

15,000 pounds three quarters to Full Blood at .50 cents ;
the same description brought last season, 60 a 62 cent*
per pound.

30,000 pounds common and low grade, 35 a 38 cents ;
the same description brought last season, 47 a 50 cents.
28,000 pounds half blood. 41 1-2 cents. This identical
lot cost in this market last full 51 cents per pound.

Of Pulled Wool, 26,C00 pounds superfine, part south-
ern wool at 47 a 50 cents ; the same description sold last
season at 55 a 60 cents.

45,000 pounds No. 1 do. at 40 a 45 cents per pound ;
the same description sold last season- at 47 a 52 1-2 cents.
It should be observed and remembered that the prices
in this statement are the prices which the wool-dealer
gets from the manufacturer. When he adjusts his ae-
count with the owner of the wool, there is a charge for
storage, a charge for guarantee, a commission and the
interest on a credit of six or eight months, which alto-
gether reduce the price to the owner of the wool at least
ten per cent.

We shall not take upon ourselves the responsibility of
odrUing the farmers and wool-growers to sell their stock
or withhold it. They will, if they partake of the ordinary
attributes of hmnan nature, get as much as they can for
their wool ; and the manufacturers acting from similar
motives, will purchase as low as they can. Our pricn-
current is not under the control of either party. If both
can be benifitted by the facts it contains, and the remsirkB
of an intelligent merchant, our object will be attained.
If unprincipled politicians, or cross-grained and ill-natur-
ed editors choose to make use of it to create panics, »o

vol.. XIH. NO. 5.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

39

excite distrust, ur promote otiier purposL-s Unit cannot be
t'fffclpd by fair and lionorable trade, the consequences
must rest with tliem.

Tht UtAitha- continues remarkably warm, and our far-
mers are about completing the harvest of the most val-
uable crop of hay, probably, that was ever secured in
tliis cruntry. The quantity is very large, and althou;|rh
the quality may not be quite so good as wlien the crop
is smaller, yet it has been got in such excellent order as
to make amends for any deliciency proceeding from that
c-ause. Rye was good, and was well harvested. The
crop of oats is also very fine, and thus far has been got
in good order. A few days more of good weather will
complete the harvest of this crop. Potatoes look well
and promise to yield abundantly, if we have seasonable
rains. — IVotcchUt Hpy.

Gold Ciurcnvy. Bicknell's Reporter contains some
observations on the times, from which the following pai-
agraph is extracted: "It is perhaps proper for us to
say a word here in relation to the operation of the Gold
Bill, concerning which we have so largely occupied our
columns uf late. Uis our impression that said bill will
have very little eiTect upon the prosperity of our country.
It will tend to the importation of large quantities of
Gold in this country, and will in a great measure take
the place of a silver currency. But it must be apparent
lo all, that instead ot circulating freely and among the
poor as predicted by some of our coteinporaries, it will
for tlie most part take the place of silver in the vaults of
the various banking institutions of the country, for it is
tiie interest of these institutions, to keep gold out of gen-
oral circulation, in order that bank paper may supply its
place."

Lightning. The Hawes School House at South Bos-
ton was struck by lightning during the shower on Wed-
nesday aflernoon. There was no lightning rod on the
building — a culpable piece of neglect on tlw part of the
cit}' authorities. One of the chimnies sustained slight
damage. There were about 150 cliildren in the school
at the time, ev^ry one of whom, it is said sensibly felt
the shock. Providentially no lives were lost. — Bunker
Hi^l .inrorn.

SPLICNDIO TULIPS.

Ju?T RKCKIVKD, iVoiii ilw ! (iHiiciihural Gardens connected
wiiii Utf New Eiji.'inii(l t^efd 8iuit —

A sph-inlid colkction ol TULU* ROOTS, now in fine onler
for lra;ispliitiiini^ — .uinirf-in^ sume ol the mosi beaulilul varie-
Ues ruhivaud in ihis \icniiiy. viz:

l\Iarriat(e de inu Fdle — h>-:nitifal}fj striped, and very lar^e.

Bonaparte, T^li pli.uti, Duke oC York,

Priiire Clinrlo';, Van 'I'iud, v*-nj€Jrhj. Proserpine,

Rosy nil While,

Willie and Purple, wiih all ilie variety of .sirlped, tlamed,
&c. U|ioii all liie dilffrent ground colors— single and doublt- —
P.irrdis — Hiyarrt":, \ c.

A-isortnit'i:. ol linr-^i. Jj?- per doz.

Assorlnifiiis al ^loO anrl J;^! per doz.

Also, r.tiintnnu Tulip ituois of all colors and good size, al
$oyer 100 n-nts.

An aSune, Glarllnlus Communis, «r Sword l^dv.

For Salu ai ilic F.irincr Olficc, 51 & .')2 Noiih "Markfji sirpel,
Boston. GEO. C. P.AURKTT.

500 PiECKS ENGMSII ItlBRlNOS.

FAAXH H'VOSK KKFAVRR, ha-^ received from \ew York,
an I wiM he ofX'Uf'd nii Mfin<tuy morning. 500 pieces English
Merinos, ol superior quality and cidois, heing ihe entire im-
poriatiou of one of Un* lirsl imporiing Housrs in ilie rouiiiry,
and in antici[)riiioii of ilip season, will be sold al It^ast 2o per
«ent. lowr^r lli;ni they can be afiorded in ihp Auiumii.

aug 13 fitis 4H, Waslilngion-slrcet.

TURXIP SEKD.

For Salf. at the N. E. Seed Store, 51 and 52 Norih Market
street, Early Ouirh Turnip, Early Garden Slone dilto, Yellow
Stone do. ; While Flat Winter do. ; Long Yellow French do. 3
Yellow .\l)erdren do; Ruta Bagn do.

The two last are cxrellent kinds forCaltle. ie 18

I .

NOTICE,

Subscribers to the New England Fanner can have their
volumes neatly half bound, and lettered for 75 cents, by'leav-
ing tti*Q at the Farmi.'r ollice, missing numbers supplied.

P.VTJE.VT ClitATEU CIDKU MIL.1..

DANIEL L.ELAN1> havuig purcliused tlie pattnt of the
ahove-naiucu jidls, would cah ilie aUeniiun of Fttruiera and
udioi'D Hi iliis vic.uiiy, lu the undersigned ceiiiiicdies ol ilicir
menus, and lucU cunndcut lljat ihey aie sUj>crioi' lo any oUicr
ui ii.sc, lor gi Hiding dpples.

These MiiU are diawii by one liorse. Six, eight, ten, and
twelve le^L vvnecis are used, some w an Uiic aiiU auiuu two
druijis. 'i'iiey may be placed in a building, and bo lixud as lo
guild upon Uie prtss, or into a irougli. i iie luHowmg cerliii-
cau-3 Mill piouabiy give ilie pubhc nome pruut ol ttuiir value.

'•Tlnsuia^ ceriily, dial we the riuUscriUur» iiave made use
uf Joel Fainuin's Paicni Graler Cider iliiil, lur ilncf ye. its past.
W^e ^rniU a cneeae of cider m one quarter of liie iiuie we dni
111 (lie old mill 3 u grinds oetler, makes more and beUer cnler )
we giiud upuii Uie press, and save ilie sliuvelmg of ihe punnets,
and die juice may be e.xiracted ui less time.

JuHN ClaKK, ;:d.

Medwity, August 8, 1333. Jam^s P. (Jlahk."

" This may certify, dial we the Subscribers have used the
abuve-uamed maclime for three years last pHsi, and approve ol
the plan ol grinding apples. We save one Uiiid part ui labour
ami lime in grinding and laying up a cheese of cider. It grinds
better limn tne old nulls generally do, the cider is clearer and
I'oniaiiia less sedimenl 3 Itie cider i» pressed out 111 less time,
(iiiil the mills are Kept iii repair at le^s expense iliau the old
mills. Aaron Lll.\nu,

Sherburne, Aug. 9, 1833. Joseph P. Lklawd."

'■'i'liis nia_\ certily, that 1 have assisted in the making of ci-
der in the attove-Udined nulls, and consider 11 a valuiioiu im-
provemtnl in die making of cider. At one time we gruuud and
lajtl up, apples suUieient for eight barrels of cider, 111 forty
luijiutes, by tlie waicli. We ^ave uitc liaif ol die iiine, in
gjjiiding and laying up the cilue^e.

ftherburiie, A'ng. \), 1^33. Jotham W. Rogers."

For lurlher paiiiculars, ajipJy lo J. R. NEWELL, Agricul-
tural Wareliuusc, where Mills are on hand or will be lurm&heti
at short nutiOe, or to DANIEL LELAlND, Ciiierbuine.

P. S.— D. L. will furnish the Horse Power and IVlilis, and
set ihein up ftjr ^75, and find ad maloiials necessary — tuiy dis-
tance wiiliin "20 miles ol tSiierburne, 31ass.

6herbuiiie, Aug. 13, 183i. eopGw

BOOKS UPON AGRICUL.TUUE, Jtc.

The ('omplete Farmer, - - Price,

Lteane's New Englanil Farmer, - "

Ltmuun's Encyclopedia ol Agriculture, '*

Loudon's t-lo. of Gtudeumg, "

New American (Jrchardist, - "

New American Uanlener, . _ •<

PliinliT's *iuide, (.Vrboiicullural,'j - "

American Furriery, . . "

iliuil's do. - - "

Monbray on Poultry, - - "

Farmer > Own Hook, - - "

Frugal iluu^ewiJe, - - *'

Cobo's Treatise im Silk and Mulberry, ''

Forsydi (mi Fruit Trees, - - "

Poinoiogical Manual, Si vols, each, - "

Pruice on the Vine, - - "

Coxe on Fruit Trees, . - "

Nitol'.s Planter's Calender, - "

Nutlall's Ornithology, new edition, - *'

Florist's Manual, tSi^c. 4*c. &c. - **
For Si^le at llie Fanner Oliice

,5 1.00
2.JU
U.oO

y.ou

1.25

LOO

3.00

75

1.00

75

5U

5U

5i

1.25

" 1.00

1.50

" ' 1,50

" 2.00

3.00

" 37

GEO. C. BARRETT.

BLACK SEA WHEAT.

FoK Sale, a lew bushels of this valuable variety of Winter
Wheal, of wliicii au account maybe lound in N.E. Farmer,
voi. xi, page 118. GEO.C. BARUETT,

New England Seed Store.

GRASS SEEDS, ifor Fall Sowiug.>

Fon S.\i.K, at the ^^w Euglflud Seed Store, 51 and 52
North M;irket street.

("lover (Northern) — Herd.s Grass — Red Top — While Clover
(fine imported) — Lucerne, &.c. &.c. — Wholesale and Retail.

aug Li

SEEDS, (for 'West Indies, &.c.>

Merchants and masters of vessels, and others trading to the
W'-st Indies, South America, &-C- can be furnisht^d wiin boxes
of seeds, assorted and suitable for those markets, a ^$3 and ^5
per box.

AL-io smaller assortments at %\ per box.

PKIGES OF COUNTRY PRODUOt.

SEEDS, (for fall sowing)

For Sale, at the New England Seed Store, connected
with tiic .\. E. Farmer office, 51 & 52 Noiib Market street.

While Puriugal Onion Seed — Silver Skin, do. — Fall or
Prickly Spinach — Black Spanish or Winter Radish — Celery,
&LC. A:-c. aug 13

BliACK CURRANT WINE.

A FKW Bottles of ihts wine, so highly esteemed hy all ac-
qviainied with its medicinal properties, jusl received by Gp;o.
C. BAKRLrr, 51 and 52 North Mark«l street. aug 13

Applks, russets,

Bkaks, white,

Bkei-", mess, (new)

Cargo, iNo. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) ....
UuTTEK, inspected, No. 1, new,

OHi::i!:Si!:, new milk,

skimmed milk, ....

Feathkks, northern, geese,. . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, Ameiican,

F L A X S K t: D ,

Flouk, <-ienesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard str. new
XJailiino/e, wharl, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain , Corn, northern }el!ow, . .
souiliern yellow, . .

while,

Rye, Noiihern, ....

Barley, ..-...-..

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

H.4Y, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, Lht quality

2d quality

Lakd, iiosloii, Islsort, (none)

Southern, Islsort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . ,

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" upper, . . .

•Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . . .

Lime, best sort

Pork, IMass.inspec, extra dear, .

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, . . , ,

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, northern, . . .
Red Chtver, northern, . .
White Dutch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried

Wool, prime or Sa.vonv Fh>eces,

American, full Mood^washed
do. 3-lihs do.
do. \.t do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, ....
J. _ f Pulled superfine,
^-3 I Isl Lambs, . . .

■5 = V-^' *' . • .

3 i I 3d '' ...

Z: [ Isi Spinning, . . .
Southern pulled wool is generally
5 cts. less per lb.

barrel
bu:)licl
barrel

uound

pound
bu>liel
barrel

ousheJ

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

cwt

2 0(.

2 32

Ill (11

7 bl

7 73

1) 'lb

U 3U

lU

.joj

IS

15

!i

a

3^

5

4U

45

So

■JO

y

10

1 50

1 G2

3 00

5 25

5 37

0 -5

5 50

6 26

5 37

It

73

G8

Ci>

67

CS

ti5

75

eo

63

i\

42

20 I'd

21 00

13 00

14 00

12 00

13 00

3G

46

12

14

10

12

7

''h

17

18

10

Pi

Ij

17

11)

2(1

21

23

u).;

24

Vb

DO

17 0(

18 CO

13 00

13 50

2 37

2 30

1 00

8

2f;

33

7 OC

7 30

60

fib

SO

52

-13

48

35

40

30

55

38

40

311

52

-10

42

37

40

20

35

35

40

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern,

soutiierii,

Pork, whole hogs

Poultry, {uncertain) . . .

BUTTilR, (tub)

lump, new,. . . .

EcfiS,

Potatoes, (new) ....
Cider, (according to quality,)

pound

H

*'

8

it

6i

a

14

"

20

dozen.

IS

bu.sht'l

73

barrel

10
9
7

17

25

20

1 CO

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Aug. 11, 1834.

Reporteil for llie Daily Ailvcrtieer nnd Palriut.

Al Markpl iliis day, 305 Beef Callle, 14 cows, and calves,
and 3470 sheep.

Pricks. J'eef Caltle — Sales were quick al about last
week's prices ; a large propnriion of the cattle were purchased
before they arrived al Brijhion. some as early as Friday.
We quoie prime at 5 50 ; ^ood al 3 a 5 25 ; ihiii at 4 23 a 4 75.
Cows and Culves — We noticed sales at 20, 23, 25, 30,
and ^45 1-2.

Shefip — In demand, and considerable speculation has been
dnjie ; lots were sold al I 62. 1 73, I 81, 1 92, 2, 2 17, 2 25,
2 42 and 2 50 ; weiliers al 2 30 a 3.

Sivine — None at market, a I'ew hundred are expected next
week.

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

Onecomplele set of 12 \'olumesof the New England Farmer
bound in excellent sl^ie. For sale at the Farmer Office. This
will be found lu make a valuable Library for an Agriculturist.

40

NEW EiNGLANB FARMER

AUGUST 13, W^*,

MISCELLANY.

H»

The Hymn helow. liy Jlrs. SiGoUKNF.r of llarlford, Conn
was prepared for ilic lale 'I'empemncc Anniversary in Ijoston
TuNK — " The Vesper Ilijiim."
Parknt ! who, with speechless foelino:,

O'er thy cradled treasure bent,
Found each year ik-w claims revealing,

Yet thy wealth of love unspent,
Hast then seen that blossom bligliteil

By a dire, untimely frost ?
All thy labor unrequited ?

Every glorious promise lost?
Wife! with agony unspoken,

ShrinLing 'nealh affliction's rod.
Is thy bosom's idol broken,

Fondly trusted next to Gotl ?
Husband ! o'er tliy hope a mourner, .

Of thy chosen friend ashani't-l, *

Hast thou to her burial borne her.

Unrepentant, unreclaimed ?
Child ! in tender weakness turning
To thy heaven-appointed guide,
Doth a lava-poison burninij,

Tinge with gall atVeclion's tide ?
Still that orphan-burden bearing,

Darker than the grave can show.
Dost thou bow ihec down despairing.

To a heritage of woe? ^ . _

Country ! on thy sons depending,

Strong in manhood, bright in Idoom.
Hast thon seen their pride descending

Slirouded tn the drunkaril's tomb?
Rise ! on eagle pinion soaring,"

Rise ! >like one of godlike birth;
.\\\i\, Jehovah's aid imploring,
Sweep the spoiler from the earth.

DEBT AND CItEDIT.

• I disi.ik;-: tliu whole inatter of dtiht riml crcilit —
fi'oiii my li(;ai-t I dislike it; and tljiiik llie luiiii,
who fii-st iiivented a ledger, shotihl ho hting in
efiijry, with his inveiitioii ticil to his feet, thiit his
liecii tiii^'ht stipport liijii and his works tngelher.
Wy reason for ihtis sweepit);^ at iho whulo system
is, not that I helievo it totally useless, hut that I
liuliove it does moro mischicl' than f;ood, |iroduces
more troiihle ih.-in aecomnioihtlion, and destroys
iriore fortunes tliiin it ereates honestly.

These opinions aio not of a recent date with
me : they are those iipoji which I set out in early
)ifl^ and, as I greiv ohler, I hecanie more anil
nior,^ CDiiHrined iti tljcin : not that I chan^'ed my
lirariiee, while I held fast tny profession, and got
my lingers htirned at last, hy irtistitig toy name in
a d.iy-hook ; for I never did it, hecanse I saw the
evil etJ'eet.s of credit arottnd jnc in every shape
and font).

A visit, this morning, to my old friend, Timothy
Coulter, calle.i the suhject up so forcihly, that I
con.liided to write yon a line upon it. His last
cow was sohl this very mortiing, liy the constable,
for six dollars, tliotigh she cost him sixtceti ; and
they have not left an etir of torn in his crih, or a
bushel^of rye in his ham, nmeh less any of his
stock : it wa.s what was calleil winiling up of the
concern ; ami he is now on his good Ik havior ;
for I hearil one of his creditor.s say, that, if he did
not go very straight, he would walk with him otf
to the county prison-ship. Thus has ended Tim-
othy's game of deht and credit.

When ho first cointncnecd jarniing, he was as
inilustrious and promising a young man as was to
he found ; l:e worked day and night, counted the

cost, and pondered on the purchase of every thing.
For a year or two, he kept otit of deht, lived coni-
forlalily and happy, and made money: every mer-
(diaiit, that knew him, was reaily to make a polite
iiow : euidi knew hitn as one of your cash miii,
and likeil his custom. The mechanic shook liijii
hy the htnid, ami begged his company to dinner,
hoping to get a job from him ; and even the law-
yer, in contemplittion of his high character, tippi'd
his beaver as he passed him, with a sigji, as itmch
as to say, "Tim, yon have more seiL'^e thtm half
the world ; hut that's no considation to tis."

Ily some fatality^ Timothy fotind out, however,
that there was such a thing as credit. He hegiiii
soon to have many rtinning accoimts, find seldom
paifi for wliiit he got ; it sooti followed that the in-
ipiiry, "Do I really want this iirtiele.'" beftn-e he
honght it, was neglected ; then the price was fre-
quently not asked ; then he began to be ctinde.ss
abotjt pay-day ; his accounts stood, he dispiiiecl
them when rendered, was sued, chtirged with
costs, and, perhaps, slily, with inlitrest too ; anil he
became a money borrower before long ; btit his
frietuls after a lawsttit bad brought tliejii their
tnoney, were ready to trust hitn tigain, and he was
as ready to buy. The same firce was played over
atid over, until now the end of these things litis
come; and, poor fellow, he is tnnieil out upon
the wide world, without u friend, save !i wife iinil
si."i[ miserable babes.

I asked the constable for a sight of the e.\ecu-
tion, and he showed it to me. It wtis issued hy
youii» 'sipiire hell, and I eoiilil imt -hut recollect
how ditrerent was the history ei' this iikiii from that
of Timothy. Young Bell was ii poor boy, and
commenced his life with nothing but health and
trade: but he adopted, as a sacred maxim, " I'ay
as yon go ;" and he frequently told me be found
little difficuhy in sticking to his text.

'I'lie necessaries of life are few, and industry se-
cures them to every man : it is the elegancies of
life that empty the purse : the knick-knacks of
fashion, the gratilication of piide, and llie indul-
gence of luxury, make a .man pour. To guard
against these, some resolution is necessary; and
the resolmion once formed, is much streiiglheMed
and guarded by the habit of paying for every arti-
cle we buy, at the time. If we do so, we shall
seldom purchase what our circumstances will not
altiiril.

This was e.xactly the manner in which Jack
Bell proceeded. Habit strengthened by lung con-
tintiance, ;ind siippotted by retisoii became second
ntititre. His hiisiness piospi.'red ; bis old purse
became hlled with t^panisb dollars; all, his pnr-
chtises, being made for cash,- were favorable; and,
by alw.ays knowing how he stood with the world
bo avoided till ileraiigement in his aftiiirs. He is
now the 'squire of ti little village, with a good
property, a prolilable business, uiid the respect of
all who know him.

A I.OAIV,

A I'EnsoN came to beg the lean of fifty ducats,
from the schoolmaster of Toledo, founder of the
college of St. Catherine, who sent for a purse of
ducats, and gave them to hiin. The borrower
took them and put them in his purse without
connting tlieiri. The schoolniasler observing this,
asked for the purse that he might see if there was
the sum, but returning it to the chest, said, "«
man tohu borrows mikout counting, never means to
pay."

PUNCTUALITY.

The Rev. S. Brewer was distinguished for piino-
tnaliiy. When a youth in college, iie was never
known to he a minute behind lime in altendinu:
the lectiiies of the tutors, or the family prnyeis, !,l
whirh the yotmg men who boarded in ju'jvalfr
families were e.xjiected to assemble.' One morn-
ing the students were collected, the clock slrnci;
seven, and all rose up for prayer; but the tiiKir
observed that Mi. Brewer was )iot present, paused
a while. Seeing him enter the room, he thus ad-
dressed him ; " Sir, the clock has struck, and wu
were ready to begin ; hut as you were abseiit, wo
supposed the clock was too fast, and therefore wtiit-
etl." The clock was actually .some minutes too fas!.

We learn from n paper published at Franklin,
Tennessee, that the County Court sitting in that
place recently ptissed an order to enclose nn acre
of ground adjoining the poor-house, and have it
planted with mulberry trees ; for the purp'ose of
giviiig some easy and sifitable employiuenl to llie
paupers, and at the same lime rendering their
maintenance less burlheiisome to the couiily than
it is at present.

—^Written hy a suitor undiTiieath a statue of Justice,
placed outside a court of law. — [From the German.]
Time out of mind has this poor lady been
Waiting outside, in hopes to be let in.
I have still greater reason to complain —
I entered long ago, but can't ^et out anain.

GRIJNDSTOMES OX FRICTION U01.1.EKS.

Grnidslones of diti'erent sizes hung on Friction Rollers anti
moved with a treader, is tonud to bt; a great improvtnient om
the mode of" hanging grindstones, the ease with ivhich they
move upon tlie rolleis remlcrs them \ery easy to turn v\ilh the
fool, by which the Ubor of one man is saved and llie perxui in
the act ot" grinding can govern the stone more to his iiiind by
having ihe complete control ot his wo.k.

The above Stones may be found ot a very superior kind. an<(
hung completely as above described at the Agiiculiural W'aie-
hnll^e, ol & 52 "North Market sircet. je lu

REVOL,Vll\Ci HOliSK liAKES.

.lust received, a few more very superior Revolving Horse
Rakes. 'J'hese rakes wliich have lliis season been used by some
of our Best Practical Fanners aie very much appru^'cd. I'hcy
rake very clean and very e-xpetliiiousiy,

I-'or Sale at the Agrieiiltnral Warelionsc. }}M3

GUAIN CRADLES.

For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, 5'2 Norih Market sl^
a few nioie of Willis's Iinnro\e(l firain Cradles, v^'ilh Cas[
Si.i 1 Sc^lhcs, a very sii|:rm>r arlule. jy23

THE NEW EJiGLASD FAliMi,K

Is published every Wednesday Fvening, at £3 per annum
pavabic at the end of the year — but those who pay withi:)
si.\lv days from the time ot subscribing, are entitled to a dediic-
lion' of tifty cents.

fl.Ti\o paper will be sent to a distance without paynicii I
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
^fic Vort — G.TnoRBUH.s & Sons, G7 Liberty-street.

Allhnni Wm. THoitnua.N,3t7 JlarUel-sircet.

I'liil u'letjMd — D. & C. Imnurv.tu , 85 ChosiuU-strcet.
liiilliviore — 1. 1. HlTCHCoC!-, Publisher of American Farmer.
Ciiniiniiiti — S. C. I'AnKHUKST,23 Lower iMaiket-sireei.
Flushing, N. y. — Wji. I'ltiNCE & Sons. Prop. Liu. ISol-Cas-
Mli/.llchiiry, Vl. — Wii.Hi Chai'Ma.s, merchant.
l/u'tford — (lOiUMVlN tS: (^o. P»ooksellers.
Neir/iiirfport—EK K.N K7 K R STF.nm A N . ISookseller.
Vartsiiioutk, N. II. — J. W. FoSTKK, Bookseller.
Aiii'iisia, Me. — Wii.i.ARi> SNELL, Druggist. |

nZivlstorlc. Vt.—i. A. Pratt. |

I'nillaud. Me. — riii.jiA.v. IIiii.UEN & Co. RookseHers.
yi»H"<)/-, .Wc— W.M. .(Iann, Diiiggisl.

llan/'a.x, A. iS. — P. J. lloLLANi), Fsq. F.ditor of Recorder.
S. /.0I//.5 — Cko. Uoltos.

I

Printed fur Gko. C. I'lAnr.F.TT by Foku iS: Damrkm,
wlioe.xeeiite every description of DoiiU mid Fiivci/ rrhil-
iii'T ill nnnd stvlc, and with promptness. Orders for print-
iiii;' may l)e left with Gvo. C. ISav.rktt, at the Agricul-
tur.il Warehouse, No. iU, North Msrket Street.

NEW ENGE.AND FAMM EM.

PUBLISHtlD BY GEO.

C. BAKRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warkhouse.)— T. G. FESSENDEK, EDITOR.

VOL. xiir.

BOSTON, WEONESBAY. EVENING, AUGUST 20, 1834.

NO. 6.

COMMUNICATION.

For the AV((j England Parmer.
TOP-ORKSSING MOWIKG LANDS.

Mr. Editor — Sir, In your pajier of Jiily 25tli,

I iiotired an arlicle (Voiii llie C{iltiv:Uo|- ii|ioi!

tlie sul'ji'ct of piisturos, wliicli contiiins some rc-

itnik.s which judging fmiii iriy own experience

I lliink are incorrect. I iilhiile pariinnlarly to tlie

writer's preference of the bre.ilung np systi:in over

top-(h-essing as a|)plied to mowing hinij.s. The

!)reaking-n|i system in relation to pasture lands,

i.'s proh.-ddy the liest, and perhaps the ordy nictlioci

by wliicli they can he recruited. A year ago last

«priug, I top-dressiKl a small piece of mowinj^

land as an e.vperiment, the result of which lias

fully satisfied nie that tlii.s is the most expi.'ditiou.s

as Well as the least e.vpensive method of improving

mowing lauds. I will give you the ex|)erimeni

more in detail. Upon niy farm was a ridge of

land wliich had lieeu mowed for a long perio<i (how

long I do not know as 1 had hut recently come

into tbe possession of it), but it had become quite

bound out as it is sometimes termed. The grass

was quite light, and tliiu, yieldii% the summer

previous, at the rate of about one ton |)er acre.

In the spring of 1833, after the grass had got

something of a start I spread upon tliree-fom-tlis

of an acre of this land, ten cart loads of .stable

niaiiiire <d' an excellent quality. The grass soon

concealed the manure, forming a shade for it,

and thus keeping it nitdsf.

I obtained from this piece of land last summer
about two tons of hay, and tins season at one mow-
ing three tons, making an increase of fom- fold in
consequence of the top-dressing. The grass this
season was about lialf clover, and the other half
timothy, grew very high and thick, being as
heavy a burden as I have ever seen upon any new-
ly laid down land. I have no doubt but that land
may be profitably kept in grass for any length of
time, by top-dressing as often as once in five or
six years.

The reason why the same course may not be pnr-
stieil with pastures with the same success, is this:
The grass being constantly fed close, leaves the
manure exposed to the influence of the sun and
wind, the inevitable consequence of wliich is, the
mauure becomes dry and hard, and loses most
of its fertilizing qualities. Perhaps some kinds of
manure, such as gypsum or ashes, might be used
upon dry pastures to advantage.

I am daily becoming more and more convinced
of the value of manure U|)on our farms. V/e can-
not attach too much inifiortance to it. Like the
vital principle in the human system, it diffuses
life and energy through our otherwise baircn and
nnproduetive soils, imparting value and richness
to poverty and sterility, converting the barren
waste into a fruitful field.

The old motto is never more true than when
applied to agriculture ; " what is worth doing is
worth doing zoell." Call that only done ^vliich is
■well done, and by no class of men is this motto
more neglected than by our farmers. Let it be
observed however, that the exceptions to this re-
mark are becoming somewhat numerous.

Herein may be discovered tbe grand secret, why

upon the same farm one man wid prosp(fr, live
well, and become indepemlent ; while another
will Kul hard, live miserably, and daily sink lowci-
iu poverty and wrel(diedncss.

Your ob't servant,

Caledonia.

From the Fanner's Re^ster.
R¥E IN THE GRAIN AS FOOD FOR HORSES.
A FiuENB, in whom I have every confidence,
who is !• gentleman of scientific acquiremenis, and
a practical agriunlturist, has just given me tiie fol-
lowing information, relative to horses' feed.

While travelling recently on cue of the public
roads, he fell in com|iany with a farmer, from one
of the iioriheru counties of Virginia, and in the
course of conversation the sidpject of feeding liorses
was mentioned ; when the farmer observed, that
for four years past he liad pursued a new plan,
greatly to his advantage, as well as to that of his
liorses. The new plan was that of feeding rye, in
the grain, without grinding. He said, that after
four years experience, he had become perfectly
satislieil tliat less rye produced a better eftect tliaii
if it were chopped or ground. After much difli-
culiy, he had [irevaileii on some of his neigldiors
to try it; and ttius, gradually, all the hoise owners
in his neighborhood bad become converts, uiiil
now all fed rye in the grain ; all agreeing that a
large proportion of grain was saved by it, .besides
a marked difterence in the condilion of tbe horses
for the better. He said, he could not give the
" why and because ;" it was different from the
universal prescription of science, and the almost
universal pjactice of intelligent husbandmen ; but
ihat llie fact was liefore him, and challenged his
belief in such a way, that to have continued iu-
crediilons, would have been to shut his eyes
against the most paljjable demonstration. The
best of this is, that an experiment is easily maile,
and, even if successful, cannot result in material
loss. But should it prove to be true, that rye in
tbe grain is better, or even as good as when
ground, a considerable saving would result to the
farmer, in avoiding the trouble and expense of go-
ing to mill. The farmer stated, that he had ob-
served grains of rye passed ofl" in the dung, but
that they seemed to have left their substance in
the liody of the horse. In this he is doulitless
mistaken ; but may not the modus operandi of this
new diet be explained thus: The grain that es-
capes crushing by the teeth prevents the mass in
the stomuch from concreting into lum|)s, and thus
[icrmils the free action of the juices of the stomach
upon the whole. Persons afHicted with dyspepsia
swallow white mustard seed, with great advantage;
but I believe it is not pretended that the mustard-
seed has any other action than a mechanical one
— ^that of kee))ing the contents of the stomach from
forming a dense muss ; keeping the food light and
penetrable by the gastric jinces, &c.

The anecdote was given to me in so earnest a
manner, and by so respectable a gentleman, that 1
thought, as I was about writing to you, I would
give it to you for insertion in the Farmers' Regis-
ter.

Very respecffdly,

Gideon B. Smith.

Frani the VuUirator.
RIBBON GRASS.

The ribbon gra.ss of our gardens, (Phalaris
Americana.) is likely to become of great value in
our husbandry : it has been found to be better
a<lapted to v\et boggy gromids than any other spe-
cies of grass ; to propagate ra[iidly either by its
seeds, or by its roots ; to yield a very large prod-
uct in hay or pasture, and to be well adapted to
farm stock. The first suggestion of this fact came
to us in a letter from Aeednego Robinson of
Portsmouth, N. U. who .says the discovery was ac-
cidental.

" A neighbor, he says, wisliing to get riil of
some of the roots which encnnibered his garden,
threw them into a hog, where they took root and
spread over a large space of ground, excluding
every other plant. The water flows through the
roots at all seasons. The turf has become so
solid as to bear a cart and o.\en. I walked through
ihi^ grass when in bloom, and never beheld a more
handsome anil luxuriant growth. It stood per-
fectly erect, full of large leaves, even, and from
four to five feet high. It will produce two good
cro|)s in a season, and springs up immediately
after ihe scythe. It produces excellent food ; rat-
tle fecil it close and appear to- be more fond of it
when, made iiito hay llian any other grass. I have
^lioken \ .r one-half of the roois of ihe patch, and
have ground in my meadow into which I intend
to transplant them at about the distance of ccru-
hills."

On a recent visit from the Hon. E. Goodrich
of Hartford, we were happy to leceive from that
gentleman a confirmation of the good opinion of
the phalaris which had been induced by Mr. Piob-
inson's letter. It has been found as beneficial in
Connecticut as in New Hampshire. Not recol-
lecting the particulars narrated, we would beg of
Air. Goodricli when lie sees this, to forward thein
to us, in order that we may furnish them correct-
ly. The siibject merits further attention ; and if
our anti('i|)ali(ms are not irrationally founded, th*
Phalaris Americana will yet become the gama
grass of ihe north. It is truly perennial, sfireads
rapidly, ami 'nay be inoculated in tile manner
suggested by Mr. Robinson, especially in a soil
saturated with water, with great liiciliiy and at tri-
fling expense.

UNDERGROUND TURNIP.

The seed of this turnip, (says the Baltimore
Farmer,) has been sent us for sale by n judicious
and careful agriculturist of Maryland, who des-
cribes it as follows. We have no other knowl-
edge of this article.

"The underground turnip, the seed of which
is offered for sale, has the property of resisting
frost ; the bulb will remain nearly invisible, and if
sown on a level, or dipping to the south, the crop
uill be in good preservation when winter is pass-
.!(!. This turnip is recommended to persons witU
large stocks, as it has all the good qualities of tur-
nips generally, and besides has the exclusive prop-
erty of resisting frost. It is advisable that the experi-
ment be made by farmers generally, if even limi-
ted to a bed in the garden. It is best to be sown
iji drills on the level — that is, to not raise the

42

NEW ENGLAND

drills above the suiface— tlie plains to lie about
8 inches apart, the drills two feet ; some persons
to guard against a winter often changnig iron,
thaw to fro^t, throw with the plongh a ridge on
the north si.le of the drill, not very high— il proves
as a conductor for the cold to pass off as the sun
acts on the turnip, which it does more rapidly
than the solid mass of earth of the field in which
the plants are growing. In the spring, the turnips
will be found sound and fresh.
Baltimore, 22d of June, 1834.

ArGtJST 20, 183*.

ed 14_from half grown to full grown ones. To
use his own words the trap not being very large,
"they were literally piled on one another for
want of room." Rats are the most destructive,
fouhlesome and disagreeable vermin that can in-^
test our premises, and any thing is of imporlanre
that will assist us in getting rid of them.— 0/ao
Fanner.

necessary to be said is, that cold water, as drawa
from wells, should never be applied to them. The
water should be exposed to the sun for such time
as will render it as warm as rain-water; and tlx;
ipiantity applied at once should never be very
great ; but rather like the application of a gentle
rain. — Farm. Assist.

From the Baltimore Farmer S/- Gardener.
HOGS.

Mackmj Breerf.— In commencing the business
of a stock-breeding establishment, it was deter-
mined to spare neither pains nor expense, within
the bounds of reason and sound discretion, to
make the establishment as complete as could be
done with the limited means at our command. It
is a decided aphorism in the breeding department,
that dirterent kinds of stock, and animals of the
same kind, but possessing diflerent fpialities, form-
ing varieties, are best adapted to different locations,
and different views of farmers.

It therefore becomes necessary, in order to an-
swer all the purposes intended by such an estab-
lishment as we are desirous of rearing up, to pos-
sess all the best and most approved varieties of
the several breeds, with which the superior art of
breeding has lately enriched Europe and our own
country.

In the prosecution of this desirable end, we
have added to our stock of improved breeds oi
hnifs, another superb variety called the Markay
Breed. The history of these fine animals is given
us by the gentleman from whom they were pur-
chased. He says, " I purchased the hogs of Capt.
John Markay, of Boston— they are what is called
the Mackmj Breed. Tlie comitetition for the pre-
mium on swine, at the Brighton and Concord
shows, has been of late years chiefly between this
breed and the Bedfords. Capt. Mackay himself,
has taken on his breed over two hundred dollars
at the shows in the last six years.

" When Capt. M. followed the sea, he made it
a rule to purchase pigs, when be saw those of pe-
culiar good quality, in whatever part of the world
they might be, and brought them home to his
farm inVVeston, near Boston. After I.e left the
sea, he became engaged in rural pursuits, and re-
solved to see what he could do by crossing his va-
rious races of swine, which he had collected on his
farm. By perseverance, directed hy good judg-
ment, he at length obtained what he calls a dis-
tinct breed, to which the public have aflixed liis
name ; and which for aptitude to fatten at any age,
larn'e size, &c. are perhaps unrivalled. Capt.
Mackay has now quit breeding swine, having sold
out his stock.

" The specific characteristics of this breed are,
head short and small, chest very broad, back tol-
erably broad, rather falling below, then rising
above a straight line, gammons large, legs very
short and tolerably small, constitutions not so
hardy as the Bedford, but disposition more easy
and peaceable."

From tlie New York Farmer.
MAKXJAI- LABOR COL.L.E6iES.

A coiiRESPONDENT of the New York Observer
thus speaks of these institutions in Alabama :

The University of Alabama has about 80 stu-
dents at present. It is established as you know
at Tuscaloosa. The Rev. Dr. Alva Woods is
President. This institution has great resources
as it regards funds, having realized already more
than S200,000 from the two townships of land
granted to it by Congress.

The Methodist College, at La Grange, m the
north-western part of the State, is said to be in a
flourishing condition. It has m.ue than one hun-
dred students in all its departments.

I understand that the Baptists intend to establish
a College upon the manual labor plan.

The Pieshvterians have recently obtained a
charter for a College upon the manual labor plan,
to he located near to Marion, and to be under the
entire control of the South Alabama Presbytery,
his believed that manual labor by the students,
lean be rendered exceedingly profitabh; in this
State, by the raising of cotton. This is an inter-
! esting experiment, and if successful, it will lead to
importaiij. results.

HAIT FOK RATS.

One of our subscribers informs us, and his ve-
racity is unquestionable, that he was advised in
baiting a wire trap to catch rats, to mix a paste of
corn-meal and raw eggs ; he did so, and the first
night he caught 7, the second night the trap contain-

WATER.

Where water can be carried over lands, with-
out too great an expense, it should always be at-
tended to, as great crops of hay may be had Irom
such grounds. The means of watering the ground
or of taking it off, should be completely under con-
trol ; for, if too much be suffered to run on, it may
do more hurt than good. Chalybeate waters, and
such as are impregnated with mineral acids should
he avoided. That which has a rich sediment is
best. The quantity should be proportioned to the
nature of the soil ; as sandy grounds require more,
and stiff soils less. The channels should be so
uiade as to carry the water to every part, except
where tlie ground is naturally wet. The main
rhannel should just have descent eyough to cause
the water to run ; and the lateral branches should
l)e run in such directions as that the descent be
very moderate, and at the same time convey the
water to every part of ilie ground. Sometimes it
is necessary to carry off the sur|.lus water by other
channels, where the ground has little hollows run-
ning through it.

When the weather is hot, the water should be
taken off the ground. The night, and days which
are cool and cloudy, are the best times for apply-
ing it.

In the spring, it should not bo applied till the
ground is somewhat dry ; and after the grass be-
gins to start let the quantity be diminished, and
let it also be stopped during rainy weather. When
the grass is pretty well grown, no water should
be applied, except in cases of drought. After
taking off the second crop, the water may be
thrown on more plentifully ; but it must be taken
off sometime before the win<er-frost commences.
With regard to watering of plants, all that is

From the Genesee Fanner.
•VINEGAR.
We think our correspondent who makes an in-
quiry in relation to making Vinegar, will find some
hints in the following article from WiUicirs Do-
mestic Encyclopedia, which will be of use to him:
The principal requisites to form good vinegar,
according to Parmentier, (Cours D'Agiic. tom. x.)
are 1. Contact with the air; 2. A temperature not
exceeding 20 deg. of Reaumur (77 of Fahrenheit);
3 The addition of some extraneous vegetable mal-
tp'r to promote the acetous fermentation ; and 4.
The presence of al.'oh.d. Vinegar can be made
from cider, from the juice of currants, from sugar
and water with a little whiskey : a cask that has
been used to keep vinegar in, is the best cask to
make it in. If cider is too weak, add half a pound
of sugar and half a gill of whiskey to each gallon,
and set the cask in the sun, covering the bung-
hole slightlv to admit the air, and exclude the dust.
Vinegar,'however, is best made thus: to a quar-
ter cask of good Ciller, add 4 lbs. of white Havana
sugar, and half 'a lb. of argol or rough tartar in
fine powder: it will be better for the addition of
some lees of wine; expose it to a heat not lees
than 7.5 deg. nor more than 80 deg. with the bung
out. Twice or thrice a day, draw off a pail full,
fud after it has stood exjiosed to the air, a quarter
of an hour, return it into the bunghole by a <unnel.
The method of imitating wine vinegar in the
English manufactories is as follows, as I have re-
peatedly seen. In a long room, quarter casks of
cider placed upright, side by side, raised above
the floor about twenty inches occupy all sides of
the room, which by means of stoves is kept at a
lemi.erature of about 80 deg. of Fahrenheit. The
top of the cask is bored full of holes: on each
cask is placed a tub holding about half a bushel or
more of Malaga raisins.

The sole occnpalioii of the man who attends the
room, is to go round incessantly, and draw a pail-
r,d |V„m the bottom, and pour it upon Malaga
raisin- ; the cider j.ercolates through the raisins,
and runs into the cask by means of the holes in
the t.ip: This gives the wine flavor and body.
The operation takes about a fortnight according lo
the strength of the cider ; when this is weak, su-
gar and iiowdered tartar are put in. The tartar
certainlv adds to the strength of the acid, and also
to the vinous taste, but the acid of tartar .is by no
me.tns so wholesome as the acid ot vinegar. Tar-
tar can he discovered by means of sugar of lead:
1 the tartrite of lead [irecipitates ; the acetite oi lead
is soluble.

To restore tainted Beef " 1 observed it tainted,
and so much so as to smell quite ofieusive. The
beef being very fat and fine, I was loth to throw it
away. I made the following experiment : I pro-
cured a half bushel of charcoal, and after taking
out the beef and throwing away the offensive
pickle, I re-packed it in a barrel, laying the pieces
of charcoal between the pieces ; and making a nevr
pickle, adding a little saltpetre. I covered the
beef and in about six days found it as sweet and
.rood as when it was first putup."— SouiAern ^gr.

vol.. XIH, SO. 6.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

43

ITEMS OF ECONOMY.

Catchiiif; Mules in the jVcck of a Broken Bottle. —
Take two comiiion l)eer l)otile necks, set llieiu in
the hiiiTow Willi tlieir wiile enils outermost, iiicing
iliB hole l)otli ways 5 mnke tlieni firm witli a cou-
jile of slicks to each, crossinjj each other over the
liottio necks, close to tliiMr widest etuis ; e.xcliiile
lijjlit and air liy a piece of tiirl'or the like, and the
tr»|) is set. The mole, coming to the hotile-neck,
tinils the way plain, and squeezes lierself'in. She
\Yonld get ihriingli, were she a'lle to hold her hiiul
teet on the glass to push her head and fore legs
through ; but here she fails, and is generally i'oiind
.squeezed in so hard that a stick is wanted to force
her out. This mode of snaring was practised, il'
not inventeci, hy a far/ner in ijand'shire, in tlie
early part of the seventeenth century ; and it is
likely that, though it might then have been gener-
ally knoivn there, it has since been lost sight of in
the udoplion of less simple though more portable
snares. By (his means the poorest cottager might
ensnare lljis nriweh.-ome g(iest in his garden, whilst
he might not he able to spare either his pence to

buy, or iiis time to make, any other traji. 'Idoles-

centulus.

Jelly from .'Jpplcs. Dr. Tliatclier iu his Ameri-
can Orchardist, gives the following :

It is not known perhaps so generally as it ought
to he, that apples make an excellent jelly. 1'he
process is as follows : They are pared, quartered,
and the core completely removed, and put into a
jiot without water, closely covered, and |>ut in an
oven or over a fire. When pretty well stewed, the
juice is to be S(p(eezed out through a cloth, to
which a little white of an egg is added, and tlien
the sugar. Skim it previous to boiling; then' re-
duce it to a i)roper consistency, and an excellent
jelly will be the product.

[From the New York Farmer.]

Sowinsr Grass Seeds. The latter |)art of this
month, those who design to sow for permanent
sowing and pasture, should begin to make prepar-
ations, for sowing. A mixture of some ten or
tw<dve different kinds of the most approved per-
ennial grasses should he obtained.

Shade in Pasture Lots. Horses, cattle, and
sheep, reipiire shade in their jjasture. Without it
they do not thrive as well, nor are they as con-
tented. If the owner does not wish trees in the
tillable part of his lot, he should set out a clump
in a corner where two or more lots join.

tl'ater on Meadows. Soon after mowing, water
should be turned on the meadows.

tf'aler for Stock. Cattle and horses, and also
sheep, are not (infrequently made unruly by being
kept in the field all day, and even a longer time,
without drink. When practicable, they should be
watered at noon, as well as in the luorning and at
evening.

Sifltfor Live Stock. Those who neglect to give
to their cows, horses, shee[), and swine, salt at this
season of the year, are not only sacrilicing their
own interest, but acting with much inhumanity to-
war<ls their useful beasts.

Stubble Ground. Those fields from which grain
has been gathered, and which have not been laid
down to grass, should be immediately harrowed or
ploughed. The grain will come up so as to be
ploughed in, or serve as pasture.

Hogs. This is the month to begin to forward
the hogs in flesh on cheap food — clover, apples, or
thickened swill, with a sufficiency of salt. If they

are kept in |)en, the cart or wagon shotdd seldom
return from the fields or woods, without some raw
material for the hogs to manufacture into nianure.

Potato Vines. At this season of the year potato
vines are often thrown into the cow yard, where
there is stan<ling water. This when drank by the
cows has been known to poison and kill them.

Potato Hoe, or Digger. This is an instrmnent
with three wide tines for digging potatoes. It
materially expedites the work, and itijujcs the po-
tatoes less.

Hoeing Turnips. This crop should, in ahriost
idl cases, be sown in drills. The ease with which
they are lined, and thinned to a proper distance,
together with the greater certainty of a crop, ren-
ders this method of sowing decidedly preferable.
Even when sowed broadcast, they should in most
cases receive one or more hoeings. A small hoe
of three or four inches in length, or one tajiering
nearly to a point, if faithfully used, will add very
much to the quantity of the croj). The eartli
should not be heaped up.

[Fro7n the Ctdtivator]

To have good Yeast in Summer, is a desirable
object with every housewife. She may have such
by the following simple process.

Boil a single handful of hops (which every far-
mer can and ought to raise, to the extent of house-
hold wants,) in two or three quarts of water —
strain and thicken the liquor when hot, with rye
flour : then add two or three small yeast or turn-
pike cakes, to set the mass. If this is done at eve-
ning, it will be fit for use early next morning.
Reserve a pint of this yeast, which thicken with
Indian meal, make into small cakes, the size of
crackers, and dry them in the shade for future
use. In this way the yeast is always fresh and
active. Yeast cakes ke|it a long tinie, are apt to
become rancid and lose their virtue. The freslier
the cakes, the better the yeast.

Junket — is a term applied to a dish which every
farmer's wife can readily make, and which con-
stitutes an excellent light food for all classes dur-
ing the heat of summer. It is merely milk cur-
dled by the addition of a little rennet half an hour
before dinner, and seasoned to the taste. First
prepare your rennet for use, by cleaning, salting,
stretcJiing and drying the skin. When dry cut
into pieces as big as a dollar, and jiut them into
brcivvn sugar. When wanted for use, put one or
two of the pieces into half a gill of cold water
before wanted. Season the milk with sugar, nut-
meg and wine, if desired, then add the water in
which the rennet has been soaked, stir the whole
well, and in fifteen minutes it will be fit for use.
Milk from 2 to 4 quarts.

7'o Boil Green Corn. Take it fresh from the
stock, husk and put it into a kettle or pot of b<]il-
ing water, and cover it well with the inner husks.
Green corn soon grows vapid after it is picked and
husked ; the husks in the kettle preserve its fine
fresh flavor.

To make a Minute Pudding. — Stir flour into
boiling niilk, to the consistence of a thin hasty
pudding, and in fifteen or twenty minutes it will
be fit for the table. Serve with sauce to suit the
tasle.

To make Currant Jelly. Take the juice of red
currants and white sugar, equal quantities in
weight. Stir it gently and smootldy for three
hours, put it into glasses, and in three days it will
concrete into a firm jelly.

FAIR.

A GRAND project is said to be in contemplation
in France, in the nature of a general fair, or exhi-
bition of the productions of all the countries of
Europe, on a magnificent scale. It is proposed to
beheld in Paris, in 183G, in a large range of build-
ings provided by the French Government. The
expense is estimated at about 600,000 francs.
The occasion is expected to bring together the
finest productions of taste, art, and manufac-
ture, from all parts of the continent, and serve to de-
li'rniiiie the contested question ofsiqieriority in skill.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

EXHIBITIOSif OF FI.OWERS.

Saturday, Jlugusl 16, 1834.

]\Ir. J. W. Russell, Mount Auburn Cemetery —
fine large IJonqiiets.

Mr. Tho. Mason, Charlestown Vineyard — Car-
nations, Dracocephaluin S|)eciosum, Dahlias, Rud-
beckia jxirpurea, Bignonia radicans. Phlox subula-
ta, do. purpurea, Bignonia grandiflora, Eupatoriuni
odoratU(n,Verbascuni Delphiniu(ns Callistema mul-
tiplex, Ferraria pavonia, Roses, &c.

Messrs. MovEY — Ilermeniania fumarifolia, Ado-
nis aestivalis, Malope-grandiflora, Nigella dainasce-
na, Gillea capitata, Del[iljinium consolida fl. jil.
Georgina var. King of the whites.

Mr. S. Walker, Roxbury — Dahlias (or Georgi-
nas). Mountain of snow, Henri VIM., Matilda,
Romulus, Heroine, Jefferson, Phlox, &c. &c.

Mr. Wm. Kenrick, Newton — Dahlias, Chinese
Roses, Althea friitex several varieties, Helianthus,
Bigmmias, Snowberry, Rudbeckia, Lychnis, Lilies,
&c. &C.

Messrs. WiNSHiPS — the beautiful China Rose
micropliylla, and other specimens.

Also was presented by .1. E. Teschemacher, Esq.
of Dorchester — Salpiglossis seedling varieties.
By order of the Committee,

JoNA. Wi.NsiiiP, Chairman.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Peachef. Belle de Vitry and Royal Kensington,
from plants in |)Ots two years from the buds bear-
ing 12 to 20 each, from Messrs. Hoveis, Cain-
briilgeport.

.Ipricols. Peach Apricots, from Mr. Luther
Parks, Boston.

Early Breda, from Mr. Tho. Mason, Charles-
town.

Plums. A seedling Plum, first fruit raised by
Mr. Wm. Crop, Sulem, by Mr. R. Manning, Salem.

Bollman, from Mr. Tho. Mason, Charlestown.

Pears. Early Catherine or Roussellet Hatif,
and Green Chissel or Madeleine, of Cox, from
John Prince, Esq. Roxbury.

Rodsseliet Hatif, as above, from Quince stocks,
from R. Manning, Salem.

A variety unknown, from S. Downer, Dorches-
ter.

Apples. Red Astracan, from R. Manning, Sa-
lem. ■

River Apjile and Williams' Favorite, from S.
Downer, Dorcdjester.

Curtis's Early Striped, Early Harvest, and Early
Bough, from E. M. Richards, Dedhani.

All the fruits were considered excellent.

A fine specimen of Water Cress raised from
seed from the banks of the Iris, hy Saml. Walker,
Dorchester.

For the Committee,

B. V. French..

44

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AUGUST 30, I<i34.

From the Nfin York Farrtwr.
VISIT TO THE D.VIRY. FARM OP MU. DA-
VID S. SIILLS.

On the Sill of AImv we ci-o.-sed tlie Willijiinslimgli
feri'y, and ai'un- a v\'alk of five iiiili:s on tlie tnj-n-
piki; roml to .Inmaifa, rKao'ieil the rt'sidence of Mr.
Mills. The aiipcarance of the country along this
Voad lias been iin|)roved within three or four years
by an inereasexl attention to the cnliivaiion of the
land. There is, however, aiu|de room for fiutlier
improvements, both in lillaj^e and in all thoise nr-
uaments of a rural re.sidence that indicate comfort,
taste and enjoyment at sweet home. Among the
objt'ots of garden cuknre are seen fields of pens
and raspberries, planted in rovv.'<. The former
wer.? four to cii,'lit inclies high. ^Ve saw one far-
mer harrowing a field of sward ground, the sod of
which had been broken by cross ploughing. The
ground was very moist, aiul it seemed as though
be might harrow until .luly before he could kill
the grass. Had he carefully tiu-iied his furrows in
the first place, used a roljer and then iiarrowed
lengthwise with his furrows, he woidd have saved
labor, and added to the fertility of the land.

P.Ir. Mills' farm consists, including 30 acres of
Bait meadow land, of 200 acres. Ho bought it last
summer for $8000, and coimnenced operations on
it last September. It had been much neglected
for years past, and a great part of it allowed to be
overgrown with moss, wild grass and cedar brush.
In six months from this time, afier spending four
or five tbousruid dollars in improvements, twenty
thousand dollars would not probably buy it.
Since September las!, Mr. Mills has put on up-
wiu'ds (d'two thouf«nd loads of manure, ohialned
from the city. These loads nearly ecjual those of
two horse team among ftrmers.

The first obji.'ct that struck our attentien on ap-
proacliing this farm, is a large stone building for
stabling cows. It is 154 feet long, 40 feet, wide,
20 high to the eaves of the roof, and ihe wall 2
feet thick. . The stone of which it was built was
obtained from the fields of the farm. There are
two rows of stalls for the cows, l>elvvern which is
an open space paved with stone, ten feet wide,
itito wliich opens a door of e(|ual wiillh at each
emi of the buihrmg. In the centre of ilie sides ol'
the building is a similar passage way, for the pur-
pose of carrying out the milk. The lojig passage
is for the convenience of preparing their food.
Each stall is nearly three feet wiile,auil the whole
biulding will acc( inmodate 100 cows. There are
12 windows on ea<di siile, lor the purpose of light,
iiir, and throwing out nianm^!. Along the whole
length of each side of the building, four feet high,
is to be ;i recepliicle for the manure, made tight
with thick plank, and siitliciently vviile, ten feet
to back in a cart. The cows sland. on plank and
pavement of sione. A s|)Hce of aliout two feet
wiile runs the length pf eacth row of stalls, paved
wiih small stone, on which the cows place their
for<! feet. From this space Ihi; flooring of plardi
• has a gradual slope: to carry olVthe m-ine. A ijds-
cd walk ofplaid<iirg about three in(dies high and
two and a halt'lect wide, along tin; side walls ol
ihe building, arrests the urine and causes it to run
out at the ends of the building, where we believe,
Mr. Mills iuleudsfo havo a cistern for receiving it.

In the loft over the stalls, will he rooms fin-
ished qff for lodging the hands who milk, and
have charge of the cows; also, bins for the grain,
and feed, and a mow for the hay.

Mr. Mills has had much e-xperience in the milk

linsiness — having for many years carried it on in
the city. He has acted on the |)rini'i|da that an
abundance of the best kind of food was the nios!
profitable. Accordingly he rejects distillers' swill,
and feeils his cows with Indi.in meal, oil cake,
ship-sinff and good hay. He, mixes two quarts of
of Indian meal and two of oil cake, with al)ont the
Same quantity ol' brewer's .grain, or ship-stuti' for a
mess, twice a day ; besides this he feeds with hay
twice a day. Instead of hay in sunnner, be uses
green fodder — sows four bushels of oals n)i.\ed
uith one of corn to the acre — will sow several
aiM'es of corn and ten or twelve of rye, at the rate
uf three or four bushels per acre. The rye comes
in first, then the oats, and after the corn. By sow-
ing each of these at ditTerent limes, a constant suc-
cession of green fiidder isobiaiued imiil lite iu the
fall. Mr. M. will undoulitedly give attention to
[lerennial grasses, and to succulent crops. In con-
sequence of thus feeding his cows, they are al-
ways in a thriving condition. In the fall and win-
ter with the same course of feeding, they are in
iiue order for the butcher, to whom they are sohl
as soon as they begin to decrease in milk. They
bring him for beef, from 40 to !i^55, averaging §45
per head. Their places are inuuediately supplied
at $25 with calf.

When nulked twice a day, the Imnrs for niilk-
ing are, 2 o'clock in the morning, and 12 at noun.
The milk when brought from the cows, is carried
to the kettles, which are kept standing in large
tubs of water fresh from the piyup, and is poured
into them through doid)le strainers. Each cow
will average about ten quarts per day ; some of
course will give as many as t*venty or more. The
number of cows is 150. Tlie price which jMr.
M. always obtains is 6 1-4 cents per quart.
150 cows, 10 quarts per day, 375 galls.

These give in 365 days, - 136,875 "

Price per gallon - - 25 cents

there is that of throwing out the manure, and keep-
ing the stables clean. The ground food is put in tulis
and the hay iti racks. The practice of cntting the
hay is not yet adopted to any extent.

His- Indian meal cost $1,50 per 112 lbs. anJ
his oil cake which is procured from New Jersey
and New London, at $1,25 per 100 lbs.

For fifteen years Mr. M. followed llie usual
practice of feeding bis cows with slops and a lit-
tle hay. Since 1828 he has luirsiied his present
praiuice, and finds it more profitalde. 'I'liis .-irisei*
princip:dly from the additional qnantiiy and snperi- '
or quality of the milk, enabling biin to obtain
good customers and full prices, and from the in-
creased price of bis cows when sold to the Imrcher.

The value of the nianmo made by ujiwards of
150 cows is estimated to be worth on the farm
$1,000 per annum. It. is easy to see that nil this
regularly applied, will enable Mr. M. to make his
fiirni one of the most productive in this section of
the country.

Mr. fllills has a first rate improved sliort horned
Durham bull. He intends hereafter to devote
more aitention to rearing his own stock. His fa-
cilities for selecting breeding cows of the desired
|)roperti(?s are very great— having it in his power
lo test them [iractic.dly and fully as to their dispo-
silion to fatten, the qnnlily and qiiantily of their
milk, and to other projierties that make first rale
milkers.

It is our intention to visit this establishment
again, when the improvements now in progress
will be further advancetl, ami when we hope to
have the pleasure of finding iMr. Mills at home,
which was not the case on the present visit. This
last circiimstiince niust be our ajjology fur the im-
perfection of this hasty notice.

Amount per year, $34,218.75
An enterprising and intelligent farmer who sup-
plies milk to the inhabitants of one. of the largest
towns in Connecticut, recenily called on us to di-
rect him where be could find a milk establishment
in the vicinity of the city, from which he could
learn a few lessons. He said he found by close
calculation that his cows averaged the year ronnd
only four quarts per day ; and that his feeding was
deemed superior to that of furmers generally. He
visited several eslablishmenls, but we believe did
not obtain lunch satisfiictiou. On reading this ar-
ticle, he will we doubt not, take a journey of 100
miles to see what Mr. Mills has done.

Most of the milk used in this city, is sold at 4
(■puts per ([iiart, a very considerable portion of
which is water ; but Mr. Mills goes on the princi-
ple of never allowing a drop of water to be adrlcd
111 his milk. Taking into consideration the rich
and wholesome food of his cows, their healihyand
cleanly condition, and the consequent pure and
rich ipialily of the milk, Mr. Mills is not only de-
serving of 6 1-4 cents per quart, but of the thanks
of the comniunily tiir setting such a worthy exam-
ple, ill furnishing this imporlant article of food.
We would not imply, however, by these remarks,
that there are no other milkmen who furnish pure
milk of the first quality.

It requires eight inen to tend the cows and sell
the milk. These men every day in summer, milk
twice ami go to the city, ami feed the cftws twice
and curry them once. In addition lo this labor

From the Maine Farmer.
CANADA THISTLE.

Yotn extracts from the correspondents of the
" Cultivator," of the Slate of New York respecting
Canada Thistle are so di'ecily in opposi;ion to my
experience in Maine for fifty years, that I fear
some of our farmers may be injured by trying the
experiment there named, — They say keep them
from vegetating for one whole season by plough-
ing weekly or otherwise, and they will be des-
troyed ; and ,tliis they pretend is the result of ex-
perience. Sir, ploughing land infested with this-
tles, only serves to remove the location of their
roois, ^)r in other vvorils spreads them largely over
all the land ploughed. Killier those correspon-
dents are egregionsly mistakeii, or the thistles of
New York are not like our Canada Thistles, or
the climate must make a difi'erence. As 1 would
use all correspondents with due nrbanitv, I have
made these remarks excusing them. And now,
sir, I am prepared to wholly deny the consequenc-
es, as to our thislles iu Maine — premising that
Canada Thistles are the same in New York and
Maine — that keeping the tops down or off for one
year will not kill them. I will state a fact that
occurred some nine or ten years since. A new-
road was laid out through a |iastnre in \Viiilhrop,
in this stale, incumbered with Canada Thistles.
Very soon thereafler the road was made and put
into the turnpike form, and the thistles in the mid-
dle covered deep with earth. The road has ever
since been much used as n way for carts and car-
riages of all kinds, so that no vegetable has, or
could grow, or could make its appearance iu the
centre of the passage-way. But this year a slou&

vor.. xm. NO. 6.

AND HOUTICULTUIIAL JOURNAL.

45

we.ir the middle of said liigliwiiy, l)y iiieiiiis oC
iiiiicli travel had become so liir hare and tiouhle-
smiie that it was tlioiijjlit hcst to dig it up aud re-
move it. The workiueii emi)loj(;d in removing.'
the stone which was of a considerable siz !, dis-
covered live thistle roots about and under it.
Now it is certain they could not have vegetated
Cor 9 or 10 years last past. I consider this a com-
petent rerntntion of the New York plan of destroy-
ing thistles. Be.sides, nil our farmers, here know
better, who are at all observing. When our til-
lage land is infested with them we, instead of
currying them about vrith the plougii, make tin'
land rich by sowing it down to oats and peas, or
oats and plenty of grass seed. When the oats
have matured we mow them, with the thistles,
which by that lime will become hollow near the
ground, ami their seeds not as yet ripe. Into
these hollows the dews and rains enter and de-
.scend, and cause the roots to ferment. The next
season we mow them again with the grass before
the seeds mature, and they are found hollow as
• before, after which if any remains they will be
smnll, and cattle will eat them as well as any oth-
er hay; and thus by the scythe they are destroy-
ed and no crop lost.

The New York plan is ploughing once a week,
eras often as they vegetate, and this from April
15 to October 15, 6 months, or 26 ploughings.
This besides the loss of the year's crop, at $2 per
acre, co.-t of ploughing, will cost $52. I need
say no more, only to urge onr farmers to use the
scythe at the right time, in their pastures and
highways adjoining tlieir land ; and we neeil not
consider them a great evil, for if placed in the
hog yard they make good manm-e. I mean su(^li
as are found in the road, &c. It is idle to talk of
salt, or luiy thing but the scytiie. In this way
they are as efP;ctually destroyed, as strawberry
vines are by the plough. Was it not the latter
that the New York correspondent took for Cana-
d.i thistles .' A Rkvolutioner.

n'inlhrop, Jiihj 4lii, 1834.

Fnnii the Nortliern Parmer.
GHAIi'TIKG AKD IKOCULATISG.

I iiAVf: the utmost pleasure in acknowledging
the great favor you c6n(crred on me in sending
the grass seeds, and consider them to be worth
$20 ; especially mnler the circmnstnnces and inan-
ner of receiving them. It was my ardent wish to
olitain, if possible, one seed of the high famed
Gania gras.s, anil it has been your pleasure to be-
stow u[)on me four seeds; it being the one-ludf of
your whole stock, the residue being <lisposed of jn
the same generous maimer. It is true, I put my
own price upon my own [iro|)erty, hut to show
my correctness, I woidd not take the estimated
value.

I have thought some suggestions on grafiiugand
inoculating, might l)e of benefit ; and as the season
for the operation is at hand, I will no longer delay
them. It is not my intention in this experienced
age, to attempt to instruct the public, as in a new
art, especially, the e.V|ierienceil ; but rather to ex-
hibit some of my modes iu this branch of hus-
bandry, as improvements.

Persons intending to graft or inoculate to good
advantage this present season, should immeiliately
))rocure their scions, containing their buds and
grafts. It is well to have for their better preser-
vation a portion of the larger limbs connected with

them. If taken olf immediately, they must le
thrown, when bundled up and hiljelled, under the
north side of your thick yard, <u- garden fence,
where they will be secure, if exposed to the influ-
ence of the atmosphere ; having an eye in case of
too warm and dry weather, they are not too much
exposed. If so, just enter their butt ends under
the surface of the earth. This method is better
than covering them up bodily, or keeping them in
a cellar.

Experience has taught me that there is a great
advantage iii procuring cuttings in this way, over
the practice of neglecting till too late. I shall
now attempt to show the best method to manage
a mirsery, as to securing good fruit in the most
economical and speedy manner. To do this, graft-
ing and inoculating is my text. The nursery is
supposed to have been judiciously managed, anil
of one year's growth, from the seed. Of course
the plants are from one to two feet high, and as
large as a Dutch quill ; some much larger. All of
this size never will be more fit to bud. There
should be no delay. These little young trees have
their peculiarly smooth and pliable bark ; they are
very thrifty, and consecpjently, may be budded
somewhat later, than- others of a dillerent charac-
ter. A nursery in this stage may be most advan-
tageously hudiled. If the o|)eration he skilful,
thc;y will take; and if otherwise, they receive no
perceptible injury. The advantages of early liud-
iling are numerous and great. — First, the job con-
templated is over ; you cannot have any uneasi-
ness about it, from any delays. Your trees are in
a nmch better state for coming to perfection ; they
will thrive much better notwithstanding they are
cut off from two to four inches from the ground
the season ; they will far outgrow the others in
size and height, they also grow more erect and
liee from craggy twigs, a great saving in pruning.
The improvement in their ap|iearance is admira-
ble. Picture to yourself trees from the nurseries
such as I have received, and at full prices, with
old stocks, half closed over, and budded two to
three feet fi'om the ground. The contrast is great.
The disadvantage from sufleriiig imrseries to
remain till a number of years idd, before budded,
is obvious. The wouml necessary for the bud, iu
thick, and old hark, and especially, if the bud does
t.ike, is of some injury. The cutting of}' the large
old stock, leaving the bud alone while the stock is
closed over — meantime the quantity of roots with-
out a t0|) in proportion, are great checks, atnl of
much injury to the growth of the plant: and must
ultimately aflect the growth and health of the tree.
I make these remarks from the authority of my
own experience in imicidating a nursery in its dif-
ferent stages as above described.

I shall now attempt to describe iny process in
bmhiiug. I was instructed to strike a horizontal
cut through the bark, with a sharp knife, at a suit-
able place, on the north side of the stock; striking
from this a ]ierpendicular cut about an inch long,
opening the bark with a knife or some instrument
for the purpose ; then taking a bud from the scion,
having care to take off a small portion of wood
with the bud — ^tlieii carefully taking away the wood,
leaving the stem or eye of the bud whole and
smooth — then thrusting in the bud with a due
proportion of bark, three-fourths of an inch long,
ami half as wiile. The bark of the butt to be
thrust in free from the bark of the stock, above —
then closing over the bark of the bud with that of

the stock, binding it carefully, with elm or bass
rind or with coarse woollen yarn. This process
has not yet proved perfect ; it has with me often
failed. I have sought for a more perlf^ct and sure
process. Accordingly, I have varied, as my judg-
ment has led w, for a better method. I have
l()und that instead of striking a horizontal, it is
best to cut quite a sloping stroke, splitting down
from this slope, perpendicularly so low as to admit
the bud, taking oft' in an oval shape, in the same
Ciireful manner as above described ; bavin" a
care to preserve a little wood at the eye of the
hud as 1 had in taking it away in the former pro-
cess. The bud then is to be thrust under the
raised bark, down so low as to admit the bark of
the stock to come in its former place, above the
bud, for half an inch, where it immediately re-
ceives its usual nourishment ; being bound u]) with
coarse woollen yarn, which I prefer to any thin"-
else. In winding on the yarn, I am careful to
draw it gently over the woutid, omitting to cover
the bud till the last, over which I then draw the
yarn very softly. In this process, every part works
so uattiral, and so smooth, if imboumi the next
day it wonlil be difficult to distinguish the bml
from a natural one ; and indeed, the bud as well
as the hark of the stock seems not in the least af-
fected. In this iTiode of inoculating, there is no
such thing as not taking. On the other hand, the
bark being cut square across, aiut the bud not be-
ing sufticieiitly thrust down, the bark of the stock
coining to bear on the outer bark of the bud, at
the top of the slit, there is nothing to support it ;
but it dries and shrinks from its primitive pl.ice,
admits air, and if the wood is taken out of the
bud, it all fails together ; especially if the eye of
the bull is a little rubbed : at any rate, live or die
a dangerqns wound is inflicted.

The mode that I would recommend, is a safe
and fist vtiy of Inidiling ; it all works natural ; a
lad having his hand in, will put in from two to
four hundred per ilay. 1 now proceed to give an
account of inoculating in the spring of the vear.
This was an experiment, with me, altogether. In
the season of grafting, I chose a few trees that
were of common size for grafting ; some bad two
good equal branches, one of which I grafted, the
other I inoculated at the .same time. I carefully
cut out the bark of the branch where I chose to
place a bud, cutting downward, turning my knife
in and out in such manner as to take oft' the bark
in the form usually given in taking off" the bud ;
taking at the same time so much of the wood, as
to compare with the bud from the scion ; and, if
the first cut failed, I carefully mended my hand,
until it well suited. Thus the bark being all well
done, the hud was laid in, inside comparing with
inside ; of course a sjiace was left on the edge of
the bark of the stock not covered from its extra
thickness on the old stock. The buds thus beino-
left somewhat sunk in the stock, were then secur-
ed in the usual way of budding.

Abednego Robinson.
Portsmouth, 1834.

Gapes in Chickens. One of our subscribers in-
forms us, that a drop of the spirits of turpentine,
put into the mouth of a chicken, from the point of
■A feather or otherwise, will cure the gapes in
chickens. Another says, that mixing S(dt with
their food will prevent them taking the gapes. —
Ohio Farmer.

46

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AUGUST 80, ISS*.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEUiNESDAY EVKNI.NG, AUG. 20, 1S34..

PARMER'S WORK.

Lai/ins; doum Land to Grass. Young's Farm-
er's Calendar, under the dale of August oliserves,
"This is ilie liest season of the wliole yeiir for
Isyinj; down land to grass; and no other is adniis-
■ible for it on strong, wet or lieavy soils. Spring
sowings with grain may succeed, and do often, hut
that they are hazardous 1 know from forty years'
exjieriencp."

Loudon says, " It is a had system to mix seeds
of diflerent plants before sowing, in order to have
the fewer casts. It is lietter to sow each sort se|)-
nrately, for the expense of going .several times over
the ground is nothing, compared to tlie benefit of
having each sort equally distributed. The seeds
of grass being very light ought never to lie sown
in a windy day, o.vco|it by inacliiuery, an equal
delivery being a point of great consequence."

"The j.-ind on which grass seed is intended to
be sown should l)e well plouglied and cleared
from the roots of noxious weeds. IJefore the seed
is sown, the surface of the ground should be made
level and fine: Otherwise the seeds will he hmied
unequally. When the seed is sown it should lie
gently harrowed in, and the ground rolled with a
wooden roller, wliicii will make the surface even,
and prevent the seed's being blown into patches."*

The " ftlemoii's of the Board of Agriculture of
the State of New York," vol. ii, p. 30, in giving
nn account of the methods of culture adopted by
the fanners in Rensselaer county, state tliat " Far-
mers difi'tir in opinion in regard to the most suita-
ble quantity of grass seed. S. Germond, II. VVurtii-
inglon, C. I'orter, C. R. Colden, aud some others
say that eight quarts of the mixture of clover and
timothy s(;e(! slioidd he sown on every acre. And
Col. J. Carpenter sows sixteen quarts on an acre.
lie says when the grass and clover grow very
thick, it will he more tender feed, and more fine
liay, and that it will not run out so soon. But J.
Philips, G. F,ddy, and mtiny others, consider four
quarts as sufficient.

" All agree that the proportions of the mixture
of the seeds should be governed by the nature of
the soil. That in a sandy soil three-fourths should
lie clover— in clay loam it should be in equal parts,
in clay soil but <nie-fourtli clover seed.

"There should beat lt;ast a bushel of plaster
•own nn every iicre of clover and grass lanil of a
sandy, gravelly or loamy soil. Also, (ui all upland
natural meiulinvs. Two bushels per acre are much
better tliati one on sandy or gravelly soils."

I'ayson Williams, Fsq. of Fitchburgli, IMass. in
giving an account of a premium crop of spring
wheal, raised by him in 1822, observes that " the
quantity of grass seed, used by me is never less
than twelve poumls of clover, and one peck of
herd's grass [timoihy] to the acre. Here permit
mc to observe that inmimerable are the insiances
ill this country, where the farnn^r fails in his grass
orops by not allowing seed enough ; and what is
worse, the little ho does give, with a sparing hand
is sufyered to take its chance uinler that pest of
agriculture called the bush harrow, which not on-
ly drags the stones ami other loose matters into
• heaps, but leaves the soil dead and heavv, and
does not cover the soil deep enough to strive with
the July droughts cflectually."

* Deane's iVew Enghnd Fan.

Barn Yard. Now is the time to fuiiiish the
raw materials for your niaimre mannfaciories, to
wit, your barn yard or barn cellar, hog" pen,
&c. Dr. Deane observed "after the barn-ytird is
cleaned in the spring, the farmer shiuild em-
brace the first leisure he has to store it with a varie-
ty of materials for making inanure. For this pur-
pose he may cart into it swamp mud, clay„ brick-
dust, straw, thatch, fern, weeds, leaves of trees,
turfs, marsh mud, eel grass, or even simd and
loam. If he cannot get all these kiiulsof rubbish,
he may take such of them as are most easily ob-
tained. Any of these substances being mixed with
the dung and stale of cattle, will become good ma-
nure. But some regard may be had to the nature
of the soil on whicli the manure is to be laid. II
it be clay, the less clay and tfie more briik dust
and saml will be priqjcr. If a sandy soil, clay,
pond-mud and flats will be better ingredients.

" All the materials above mentioned, and many
more that might be named, will in one year be-
come good manure, by being mixed with the ex-
crements of the cattle, and prevent the waste of
them. And this is thouglit by the best writers on
husbandry, to be the che.ipest method a farmer
can take to trianure his land, considering the small
cost of the materials made into manure."

Farmers might make a valuable addition to
their farin-yard manure, by digging a bole at a
convenient distance from their kitchen, about 3 or
■1 feet deep, and sufi'iciently wide to form a com-
mon receptacle for the various matters originating
iti and about the house ; extending a jiaved gutter
from the kitclu;n to it, to conduct soap-suds, and
other useless slops into it. When it becomes of-
fensive, the ofiensive matter shoidd be covered
with earth. That which was thrown up in digging
the hole may be a|q)li(^d as long as it lasts. Care
should be taken to prevent the water from without
from running into it. The receptacle njay be hid
from sight by planting an evergreen hedge around
it, leaving an opening at the back tor putting in
and taking out the contents.

mode of applying horses' labor is, to vary their
muscular action, and revive its tone, by short and
frequent intervals of repose. — Quar/cr/i/ Juurnat of
Jlsricultvre.

ADVANTAGES OP SHOUT STAGES IJV DRAW-
ING HE VVY LOADS.

Mr. Stuart Mem'eAth, of Closeburn, propri-
etor of one of the richest coalfields in that island,
both as to quantity and quality, has very success-
fully employed horse power to the drawing of
heavy loails, by dividing the load into short
stages. Before this expedient was resorted to,
each hor.se could travel the dist.-mce of only eigh-
teen miles, and return with a load of twenty-four
hundred weight thrice a week ; that is to say,
the aggregate of the labor of each horse, amounted
to three tons twelve hinnlred weight weekly. But
by dividing that distance into foiu' stages of four
and a halt' miles each, (our horses can make three
tri[is daily, anil draw a load of ibirty-tliree hun-
dred weight each trip, or nearly five tons daily,
01- thirty, tons weekly. Hence according to this
method, the aggregate of the labor of each horse
amounts to nbovc seven tons weekly. Suppose
sixteen horses are employed, instead of making
them travel eighteen miles one day, and return
with a load the following, the more advantageous
plan is to arrange them in four divisions, and
make each division travel only four and a half
miles in succession. Were this distance increas-
ed to ei.x stages, the load might be proportionably
increased, with less tiitigue to tho horses; for it
will invariably he found, that the most profitable

ITEMS OP IJSTELLIGENCE.

Ovlni;;c. On tlie night of tlie Hth inst. a mob with
painted faces, collected near the Ursuline Convent, in
Charlestown, about 11 o'cloclv, and after burning tar-
barrels, entered and set fire to the buildings. The Su-
perior, Nuns and other inmates, all females, in number
between GO and 70 were allowed only time to put on
clothes sufficient to cover them and make their escape
by a back passage, before the building was in flames.
Property to a large amount, and every thing belonging
to the inmates was consumed or otherwise destroyed.

Four meetings have been held in Boston and Charles-
town, and measures taken to bring the perpetratoisofthis
base act to justice.

We have on our tabic an apple presented us by Mr.
John Burgess of Bristol, weigliing 1'3 ounces. It was
raised on the farm of Maj. Ilez. Munro, and is tlie
largest we ever saw at this season of the year. — Harren
R. 1. jiiqjer.

Frvit. We saw some magnificent gooseberries this

week, the produce of garden, Windsor." Several

were of an extraordinary size, one, wliich we examined
measured three inches round the middle. — jlcadian Ru-
cortlcr.

A Steamboat has recently been constructed in Illinois,
which lias made a trip to St. Louis, bearing tlie name of
'' THE coldwater;" named not near so much in allusion
to the element in which the craft is destined to be used,
as to the temperate circumstances which have marked
her progress from the foiest to the wave. All the work
of constructino;, iittinff out, manninir and navitratino; her,
has been done without the aid, or rather the hindrance of
ardent spirits. We are glad to see so many ardent spir'
ita, sustaining practically the cause of ■■ the cold water"
le-forineitlon. There is a fair prospect that tliis boat will
not early *' hum out her copjicr." — Lexington Intelligen-
cer.

The Olden time. Compare the rate of travelling at
the present time with what it was a little more than a
century and a quarter ago.

E.xtract of a letter from Jonathan Dickinson to Wil-
liam Smith, dated Philadelphia, 2d month, 1G!)7. " If
any occasion presents write to ine by way of New Eng-
land. We have the Post goes there — in fourteen days
we have an answer from Boston, and one every week
from New York, and one in three weeks from Maryland,
and once in a month from Virginia." — Boston Morcuntilt
Juurnttl.

Bite of a Rattle Snahc. Mr. Gains Briggs, of Castlc-
ton, Vt. while passing through his field a it-w days since
received upon his bare ancle a severe bite from a rattle
snake. He killed the snake and then proceeded home
in the full belief that he must die. The Vermont States-
man says ; — '' Dr. Woodward was called as soon as pos-
sible, and although the case was extremely doubtful, Iw
is now in a fair way to recover. Much credit is due to
Mr. Briggs' wife, who manifested a presence of mind
and promptitude of action quite uncommon. It appear*
that on ascertaining the situation of her husband, she ap-
plied her mouth to the wound, and continued sucking
it until the arrival of the Doctor, without which not-
withstanding skilful medical aid, it is supposed he must
have died. The snake was found which measured
about four feet, iuid had three raitlcs."

Let it be remembered that no instance is known of a
jierson's being attacked with cholera, who abstained to-
tnlhf I'rom alcoholic drink, unless he was previously de-
bililated by some other disease. We frequently hear it

VOL. Xin. NO. 6.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

47

said, that in some places, it attaclis indiscritninatih/, the
temperate and the intemperate ; hut, in those cases, those
who are called temperate have their systems filled with
the poison of alcohol by ''temperate drinking." Al-
:ohol is never digested in the stomach, and does not
therefore, pass off in the natural way of wholesome
;irink or food ; but is taken into the system by absorp-
tion ; passes into the blond, and thus corrupts the cur-
rent of life. It thence difluses itself into every part, and
inally oozes out through the pores of the skin. Thus
?very man vvlio drinks alcohol, whether little or much, is
jonstantly surrounded with a vapor of that poison, ex-
laling from his body, and it is this which renders the
>dor of a drinker so oifensive to those who abstain,
riuis it will be understood why moderate drinking pre-
mres the system for the attacks of cholera as well as
drunkenness. Cholera is emphatically an alcoholic dis-
ease and will continue to afflict the world so long as
he world continues to afflict itself with that potent poi-
lon. — Southern paper.

Spontaneous Combustion. The Raleigh (N. C.) Reo--
ster, mentions an instance of spontaneous combustion
vhich recently occurred in that city, and which might
lave proved very destructive in its consequences. It
ippears that a canvas cover for a light wagon, had been
minted in a coachmaker's shop, during the day ; and
vas folded up compactly in the evening, and laid on top
if the wagon which stood in the shop. Ne.xt morning
t was found that the wagon cover had taken fire, from
he linseed oil with which it was impregnated, and was
learly burnt up. Nothing probably, saved the shop and
ts contents, but the circumstance of their being more of
ow than cotton in the canvas, which is a less combus-
ible material. The cotton, cords attached to it were to-
Eilly consumed, leaving not a vestige behind.

There has lately arrived from America, in Paris, a cu-
ious design of an amphibious machine, which combines
11 the properties of a steamboat and a land carriage-
Vhen on the land it runs upon four wheels, and on ar-
iving at tlie bank of any river or l.ake, which it is ne-
essary to cross, the wheels stop and a paddle placed un-
er tlie middle begins to play and carries it over the wa-
>r without any difficulty. It is the invention of an en-
ineer named Whiston, is in the form of an alligator or
imerican crocodile ; its construction is very simple, of
mall e.icpense, it is easily taken to pieces, and quickly
ut together again. — Londonpapcr.

Anotker instance of the great danger attending the use
f the spirit lamp, occurred on Friday night in Middagh,
lear Henry street. Brooklyn. A young wom.in by the
ame of Reed, had her clothes set on fire by the burnino-
apor of one of these conveniences, which had accident-
Uy burst, and ran into the street literally covered with
ames, which rose two feet above her head. Fortunately
iiey were so promptly extinguished, that, though drtad-
lUy burnt, hopes are entertained of her recovery. — JV.
^. Courier.

London dates of 18th ult mention the rpsii;nation of
le British Premier, Earl Grey.

SuBSCRiBFRS lo Ihe Ne»- England Fanner can have Ihei
)lumes neaily half bound, and leUerctl for 7.5 cents, by leav
f them at the Farmer ollice, missinj; numbers supplied'.

500 PIECES ENGLISH MERINOS.

ELI.\B STONE BREW ER, has received from Ne"- York,
d will be opened on jMonday morning. 5P0 pieces Eriijlish
erinos, of superior quality and colors, being the entire im-
rtalion of one of the first impoTting Houses in the country,
din anlicipalion of the season, nil! be sold al least IJ per
nt. lower than tlicy can be afforded in (he Autumn.

J 13 6ti3 41 i. Washington-street.

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARBIER.

One complete set of 12 Volumesof the New England Fanner
und in cvccllent style. For sale al the Farmer Office. This
II be found to make a valuable Library for an Agriculturist.

AGRICULTURAL NOTICE.

The Committee on Farms, Fiuil, IVIull>erry, Forest Trees,
and .Shrubs, will meet al the Middlesex Hotel in Concord, on
Mouflay 1st day of Sc|)lembcr next, and proceed lo view such
Farms as may be furmally entered tor premium

Per Okder,

Concord, Aug. 16, 183!-.

liENJAMIM UIX,
JOSEPH HRADLY, -
I\I. M. RUITER.
JOHN H. I.ORING,
JAMES EUSTIS,

Committee.

STRA^VBERRY PLANTS.

Fine plants of tlic Mi-thven .Scarlet Keen's Seedling, Mul-
berry, Royal Scarlet Sonthborough Seedling, Knersll's Pine,
and Haudioy Strawberries, for sale by the dozen or
hundred, al HOVEV & CO.'s,

aug Ifi No. 79 & 81 Cornhill.

BLACK SEA 'WHEAT.

For S.\le, a few bushels of this valuable \'ariety of Winter
Wheal, of which an account mav be found In N. E. Farmer
vol. xi, page 118. GEO. C. BARRETT,

New England .Seed Store.

GRASS SEEDS, (for Pall Sowing.)

For Sm.k, at Ihe New England Seed Store, 51 and 52
North Market street.

Clover (Norlheru) — Herds Grass— Red Top— White Clover
(fine imported) — Lucerne, &c &c. — Wholesale and Retail.

SEEDS, Cfor West Indies, &c.)

Merchants and masters of vessc^ls, and others trading lo the
West Indies, South .\merica, ifcc. can be furnished with boxes
of seeds, assorted and suitable for ihose markets, a $'i and g5
per box.

Also smaller assortinents at %\ per box.

SEEDS, Cfor fall soviing)

For Sale, at the New England Seed Store, connected
with the N. E. Farmer office, 5f& 52 North Market street.

White Portugal Onion Seed— Silver Skin, do.— Fall or
Prickly Spinach— Black Spanish or Winter Radish— Celery,
iic. &c. ,iug 13

BLACK CURRANT "WINE.

A few ISollles of this wine, so highly esteemed by all ac-
quaiiiic'l with its medicinal properties, just received by Geo.
C. BaIjKett, 51 and 52 North Alarket street. aug 13

GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS.

An excellent collection of Garden and Flower Seeds of
very best qualiiy, in papers of I3J cents each, constantly on hand
and for sale al New England Seed Store of

GEO. C. BARRETT.

PATENT GRATER CIDER MILL.

D.VNIEL LELAND having purchased the patent of the
above-named Mills, would call the attention of Farmers and
others in this vicinity, to the undersigned certilicates of their
merits, and I'eels couiidenl that they are superior lo any other
in use, for grinding apples.

These Mills are drawn by one horse. Six, eight, ten, and
twelve feel wheels are usei-1, some w ith one and some two
drums. They may be placed in a building, and so fixed as to
grind upon the press, or into a trough. Tlie lollowing certifi-
cates will probably give the public some proof of their value.

" Tliis mav certify, that we the Suiiscribers have made use
of Joel Fanium's Patent Grater Cider Mill, for three years past.
We grind a cheese of cider in one quarter of llie time we dirl
in the old mill; it grinds better, makes more and better cider;
we grind upon the press, and save the shoveling of the pumice,
and the juice may be extracted in less lime.

John Clark, 2d.

Medway, August 3, 1833. James P. Clark."

" This may certify, thai we the Subscribers have used Ihe
above-named machine lor Ihrce years last past, aiirl approve ol
the plan of griinliiig api)!es. We save one third part of labour
and lime in grinding and laying up a cheese of cider. It grinds
better than Ihe old mills gencially do, the cider is clearer and
contains less setiimenl; the cider is pressed out in less lime,
and the mills are kept in repair al less expense than the old
mills. Aaron Leland,

Sherburne, Aug. 9, 1833. Joseph^ P. Leland."

'•This may certify, that I have assisted in Ihe making of ci-
der in the above-named mills, and consider it a valuable im-
provement in the making of cider. At one lime we grounrl and
laid up, apples sutficiiuit for eight barrels of cider, in lorly
minutes, by the watch. We save one half of the lime, in
grinding and laying up the cheese.

Sherburne, Aug. 9, 1833. ■ Jotham W. Rogers."

For further particulars, apply to J. R. NEWELL, Agriru''
tural Warehuuse, where Mills are on hand or will be furnishe*'
at short notice, or lo DANIEL LELAND, Sherburne.

P. S. — D. L. will furnish the Horse Power and Mills, and
set them up f6r Jg75, and find all materials necessary — any dis-
tance within 20 miles of Sherburne, Mass.

Sherburne, Aug. 13, 183i. eopGw

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

Apples, russels,

Beans, white,

Beef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) ....
Butter, inspected, No. 1, new,

Cheese, new milk

skimmed milk

Feathers, northern, geese,. . .
southern, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed,

Flo-ur, Geuesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir. new
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria

Grain, Corn, norlhern yellow,. .
southern ^'ellow, . .

while

Rye, Northern, ....

Barley, .......

Oais, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

HONEV

Hops, Isl quality

2d quality

Lard, Boston, 1st sort, (none)

Soulhern, Isl sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

'■ "I'per, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

'' I'Pper, . , .

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . ,

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass. inspec, extra clear.

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings. . . . '.

Seeds, Herd's Grass, . . . . .

' Red Top, norlhern. . . .

Red Clover, nortliern, . .

WhileDulcii Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full h'lood,washed
do. 3-lihs do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, . . .
- ^ fPulled superfine,
*^~ I 1st Lambs. . .
U{tA '■ ■ . .

fe i. I 3d '- . .

^ (1st Spinning, . .
.Soulhern pulled wool is generally
5 els. less per lb.

FROM

barrel

bushel

2 00

barrel

lU 00

"

7 50

"

6 23

pound

18

"

13

"

S

',;

40

"

35

pouiid

9

bushel

I 60

barrel

5 00

"

5 37

5 25

It

5 25

oushel

72

"

C8

a

67

"

05

It

CO

"

41

Ion

20 00

•'

13 00

"

12 00

gallon

36

pound

12

"

10

pound

it

<■

17

lb.

10

pound

15

lb.

13

pound

•21

"

a)Q

cask

85

barrel

17 00

It

13 00

bushel

2 37

pound

23

cwt

7 00

CO

pound

50
43

It

35

It

30

ti

38

It

50

It

40

It

37

•

20

"

ib

PROVISION MARKET

retail PRICKS.

Hams, northern,

soulhern,

Pork, wliole hogs. ....
Poultry, (uncertain) . . .

Butter, (tub)

lump, new

Egcs,

Potatoes, (new) ....
Cider, (according to quality.)

pound

H

f

6*

14

20

dozen.

IS

bushel

75

barrel

Qj^lf^e have received »io Brighton Market report
this week.

SPLENDID TULIPS.

Just received, from the Horticultural Gardens connected
with the New England Seed Store —

A splendid collection of TULIP ROOTS, now in fine order
forlraiisplautiiig — comprising some of the most beautiful varie-
ties cultivated in this vicinity, viz:

.Marriage de ma Fillc — beautifully striped, and very large.

Bonaparte, Elephant, Duke of Yerk,

Prince Charles, Van Thol, I'f ry far/y. Proserpine,

Rosy on While,

MHiite anil Purple, with all the variety of striped, flamed,
i^c. upon all the diiTerent ground colors — single and double —
Parrots — Bizarres, &c.

Assoriment of finest, ^2 per doz.

Assortments al §1.50 and ^I per doz.

,4lso. Common Tulip Roots of all colors and good size, at
$5 per 100 mols.

As above, Gladiolus Communis, or Sword Lily.

For Sale al ihe Farmer Office, 51 & .52 Norih Market street,
Bosion. GEO. C. BARRETT.

48

NEV/ ENGLAND FARMER.

AIJGtTST aO, 1834.

AODRKSS TO VOTJNG LADIISS.

BY MRS. I,. H. SIGOURNEY.

Will you iiennit me, dear young fi-ieml?, to
speak to you freely as to ilauglitcrs ? You doubt-
less need no aipnuieiit to conviuoo you of llie ex-
cellence of iudusli-y. We will devoie a fewtliouslils
only to those branches of it vvliicli IjhIous peculiar-
ly to our own sex. It is one of our privileges, thai
we have such a variety of inlerestiuf,' einployuieuls.
Time need never hang upon our hands, who have
it continually in our power to coiuliine anuisenienl
with utility. If we leave any vacancy for ennui to
creep in, it must surely he our own fault.

Needle-work, in all its couuiIpss forms of use,
elegance and ornament, has lieen the appropriate
occupation of women. — From the shades, where
its simple process, was hut to imite the fig leaf, to
the days when the most exquisite tissues of em-
hroidery rivalled nature's (lencil, it has hecn their
duty and their resource. The most delicate eftbrts
of tlie needle claim a high rank among female ac-
complishments.—But its necessary departments
should he thoroughly understood. The numerous
modifications of mending are not beneath the no-
tice of the most refined young lady. To keep her
own v\'ardrobe perfectly in order, she doubtless
considers her duty. A just regard to economy — a
wish to add to the comfort of all aroimd — and a
desire to aid in the relief of the poor, will induce
Iser to become expert in these inventions, by which
the various articles of apjiarel are repaired, altered
or renovated. A very sensible, rational self-com-
I)lacency arises from the i)owerx)f making "auld
clailbs look amnist as well as new."

I regret that the quiet employment of knltiing
has become so nearly obsolete. — In many parts of
Europe it continues a favorite branch of feujale
occupation. It is so among the classic shades of
Greece ; and Russell, in his tour in Germany,
speakings of the Saxon ladies says, " they are mod-
els of industry at home or abroad, knitting and
needle-work know no interruption. A lady going
to her rout would think little of forgetting her fan,
hut could not spend half an hour without her im-
piemeuls of hiisbandry. At Dresden, even the
theatre is no protection against knitting-needles.
I have seen a lady gravely lay down her work,
wijje away the tears wliicb the sorrows of Tlicok-
la's or Walatein's duath had brought into her eyes,
and quietly resume her knitting." Knitting is
adapted to those little intervals of time when it
would be scarc(dy convenient to collect the nmre
complicated apparatus of needle-work. It is the
frieml.of twilight. Tiiat sweet season of refiec-
tion, so happily describcil by a Scotch writr;r, as
that brief period " when the shuttle stands still
liefore the hmq) is lighted." Neither are tlu; pro-
ductions of the knitting needles valueless, as those
who take no ])art in them are disposed to pro-
nounce. Yet, if there are any who considgr so
hund)lc a branch of economy unworthy their re-
gard, they may still he induced to patronize it, for
the salie of the eoml'ort it administers unto the
yioor. Their laborious occupations and limited
leisure often preclude their attention to this em-
ployment, and a pair of thick stockings in winter
will he usually found a most acceptable gift to
their shuddering little ones. Knitting seems to
have a native aflinity with social feeling. It leaves
the thoughts at liberty for conversation, and yet
imparts just enough of the serene and self satisfied
sensaiion of industry, to prcunote good humor and
prepare for the pleasant interchange of society.

1 recollect in my early ilays, sometimes seeing
a number of most respectable elderly ladies, col-
lected for an afternoon visit, all knitting, all happy,
all discussing the various topics of neighborly con-
cerns, with friiMidly interest and delight. I saw
liKtievoleut smiles beaming from their facea, and
foru)cd a fancied union between knitting and con-
lentujent which iiercbance is not yet hruUen. I
observed that the fabrics whicii they wrought, to
protect the feet of their household, were often
composed of yarn nnmufactured by their own
hands. Am! here, permit me to advert to that

ilmost forgotten utensil, the large sfiinninj

wheel.

From the universal, yet gentle exercise it aftbrds
the limbs, the chest, and the whole frame, it is al-
together the best mo<le of domestic calisihenics
which has hitherto been devi.sed. It is well adapt-
ed to those periods when, from a succession of
storms, ladies are ]u-evenled from going into the
o|ien air, and begin to feel the lassitude of a too
sedentary life. By a change of habits in the com-
mnnity, and the introduction of rnachinery on a
large scale, domestic manufactm-es have beconie a
less prominent brunch of economy. Still a degree
of alliance subsists heiwcen them. Materials I'm-
winter stockings might he profitably prepared in
families. Durable liannels and even handsome
carpets, have been often the iirodnciions of deli-
cate han<ls. Among a large family of sisters, the
cheerful operations of the spinning wheel assume
the character of an amusement, and are said to
]iromole a happy flow of spirits. Were my own
sex as great admirers of antiquity as the other, I
might bespeak a most creditable chronology for
ibis same science of spinning, and i>resent a fer-
miilable list of princesses, and women of high de-
gree, who patronized it by their example. Y'et
inasmuch as there are but few lady antiquarians,
and I have not the temerity to undertake to bring
im exploded thing into fashion, I plead for the
great spinning wheel, solely as a salutary mode ol
exercise, and not one inconsistent with domestic
economy. To females who suffer for want of
muscular action — and there are many such among
the higher classes — physicians have prescribed a
variety of substitutes, such as sweeping, polishing
furniture, jum])ing the rope, playing at battledore,
modifications of calisthenics, &c. In some of these
the efibrt is too violent; in others it may be car-
ried to excess, through excitement or conqietition
— but regular exercise upon the s|iinning-wheel
has been known to give the valetuilinarian strength,
and to remove incipient lemlency to iiulmonury
disease.

With regard to the culinary art, I should be
pleased to persuade my young ladies to become
somewhat adepts in it. Not that I believe to tempt
the |>alate with high seasoned dishes, and induce
iriiligeslion and debility among one's guests and
dearest friends, is true benevolence, though some
benevolent ladies may practise it. ]5ut that super-
intendence of a table, which unites neatness with
condbrt, consnlis health and prevents prodigality,
and the power of |)ersonally' supplying it with sal-
utary or elegant preparations, is an accomplish-
ment of no slight order. It need not follow that a
thorough knowledge of housekeeping is incompat-
ible with intellectual tastes and attainments. There
is indeed no native aflinity between them ; but she
will dis|)lay the greatest mental energy, v\ho can
reconcile such discrepancies, conqiose their wel-
fare and become ach'pt in each. This may be ef-

sufiice our present purpose to cite one. The ac-
complished editor of the Juvenile Jliscellany,
whose prolific pen enters almost every dei)artmcnt
of current literature, to instruct and delight, is al-
so the author of the " Frugal Housewife ;" and abhi
practically to illustrate its numerous and valuable
precepts. You will probably think, my young
triends, that an essay on such honrely and anti-
quated subjects might have been si)ared. But
while home continues to be the province of wo-
man, nothing that relates to its comfort, (U'der, and
economical arrangement should be held of slight
import. That these C(jmi)licaled duties may lie
well and gracefully peiformed, some foundation
should be laid for them in youth.

It has been alleged us an objection to the pres-
ent expanded system of female education, that it
creates dislike to the humble occnpalions of the
dome.-'tic sphere. It becomes those who enjoy
these heightened i)rivilcges, to disprove the argu-
ment, and to free themselves from the ingratitude
of repaying the increased liberality of the other
sex, Willi disregard to their interests and happiness.
This resjionsibility rests much with the rising gen-
eration. We, therefore, who are almost ready »o
pass oft' the stage, entreat you, our daughters, not
to despise that domestic industry vvhich walks
hand in hand with respectability and ctuitentnient.
We pray yon to show that love of books is not in-
consistent with what republican simplicity expects
from his daughters, and that knowledge need b«
no hindrance to duty.

BOOSTS UPON AGRICULTURE, &c

The (^om(i!(.-le Farmer,

Dcane's l\fw Eni^laiui Farmer,

LoiKion's Encyclopodia of Agriculture,

Lnudoii's do. oi'l-iurdeiling,

New American Orcliardist,

I\e\v American Gardener,

PlanliM's Guide, (Arboficullural,)

Anu'tican Farriery,

Hmd's do.

Moulnay on Poultry,

Fanner's Own UooU,

Frugal Housewite,

ColVij's Trealisc (m Silk and Mulberry,

Forsyili on Fniii Trees,

Poniulngical Manual, "2. vols, each,

I'riiice on llie Vine,

Coxo on Fruil Trees,

Nicol's Planior's Calender,

Nullall's Ornilliolojry, new edition,

Florist's Manual, &c. iV- <^'".

Price, S 1.00

2.50

11.00

9.00

1.25

1.00

3.00

75

1.00

75

60

50

50

1.25

1.00

1.60

1.50

2.00

3.00

37

For Sale al llie Fa

Office. GEO. C. BARRETT.

THE NEW EA'GI^.^KD PARMER

Is puhlislied every Wednesday Evening, al ^3 per aiiniim
payable al llie end of llie year— hul Uiose who pay willim
si.\iy days from the time ol sul>scribing,are enlillcdlo a dedu«- ■
lion" of fifty cents.

Q3= No paper viill be sent lo a distance -nithout payment i
being made in advance.

A G E Sf T S .
New York—G. C. Thmrbukn, 67 Eiberty-street.

Alhmni Wm.Thokbu UN. 347 Market-street.

Philu'lelphia—D. & C. Lanorkth, 85 Chcsnut-street.
B.,ltimore—'i. I- Hitchcock . Publisher of American B armer.
Cinrimmti—ii. C. Pakktiurst, 23 Lower Market-street.
Fhixliim;, A'- l'- — Wm. Prince & Sons, Prop. Liu.Bol.Uar.
Midilhlfu'iy, Vl- — Wight Chapman, Merchant.
Hijriford — GoomviN & Co. Hooksellers.
Nfirhiirypnrt—EEi'.tiEv.KR Stkdman. Bookseller.
PurlsMOulh, N. II.— i. W. Foster. Bookseller.
Au<nista, Jl/e.— WiLLARii Snell, Druggist.
\Vvo,lstock. Vt.—i. A. Pratt. „„„,,,
Parllmd. Jl/c— Coi.man, Holden & Co. Booksellers.
»i»so<-,Jt/e.— Will. Mann, Druggist.

IMifax, A. S.—P.S. Holland, Esq. F.dilor of RecorUw.
m. l.oiJs—l.iKo. Hoi, ton.

Printed for Gy.u. C. Barrett by Ford iSr Damreli,

who execute every description of Book and Fnncy Prm*-

in;' in good style, and with pvoiiiptness. Orders for prinl-

tare ami lieconie aiK'iit in eacn. i ms "'"y "<= ^'- i inTr niay be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at the Agricul-

fecled ; we have had repealed examples. It will 1 tuPal Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

NEW ENGliANB FARMER.

PUHHSHED KV GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricui.turai, Warkhousf:.)-T. G. FESSEKDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, tVEDNESKAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 3, 1834.

NO. 8.

PATENT COa« SriEl.l.ER.

The impletnent of which tlie above is a repre-
entatioii is one of tlie most valualile labor-saving
uacbines now in use. Aithongh various machines
.tr the same [inrpose liave been inventeH, the hejt
ifilh wliich we are acquainted is that of Harrison
I'lth the patent vertical wneel. It can bo used m
II cases, for large or sriiall sized ears — is very
imple and durable and not liable to be out of or-
er ; one man can work it to good advantage,
longli it operates best with a man to (urn, and a
or to f«ed it. In this way it will sliell from 10
) 12 bushels |)er hour. The machines are so
ght and portable that they can easily be removed
om place to place, and one Corn Sheller will
.•rve for several families, or even all the iiiliabit-
:its of a small village.

These implements may be had at the Agricul
iral Warehouse, No. .32 North Market street.

For the New England Farmer.
DRY YEAST.

The usual method of making g.iod yeast, with
rong ho)) water and flour is in the first place fol-
wefl. ^V'h^,'n this is thoroughly fermented, it is
ixed with Indian meal until thick enough to roll
Jt and cut into cakes. It is tlien exposed to the
in, and while drying undergoes a fermentation in
e cakes. When perfectly dried it is kept for use

a bag, liung up in a dry place. It ferments
lugli extremely well. A small piece, say 1 1-2
dies square is sofficient for si.x pounds of flour,
east thus juepared is good for two or three
onths but gradually loses its virtue ; the fermen-
tion becoming tame as it grows old, and of
urse less favorable to the cpiality of the bread.
It there is no trouble in renewing it at any time
)m the dry cakes. I have myself tiyed the ex-
riinent with entire success, and renewed my yeast
)in cakes six months old. A method of making
y yeast very similar to this, has been practised by
ine distillers, — and is also in use in difterent jiarts
New England, and called Turnpike yeast. W.

From fJie Geiiesp^e Farmer*^
THE iPROPIT.S OF THE DAIRY COMPARED
WITH THAT OP FATTEBfllVG ANIMALS.

" It has been asserted on the authority of the
Hoard of Agriculture, and upon incontrovertible
data, which any farmer or cow feeder may ascer-
' tain for liis own satisfaction, that the quantity of
herbage that will add 112 lbs. to the weight of un
o\ will, when bestowed on a dairy cow, of ordi-
nary good breed, and in fair condition to yield
Mulk, enable lier to yield about 2700 imperial
pints of milk. And as it is well known that, even
in Scotland, where milk often contains as much
creuni as that of cows fed on richer pasture, yet
in general 17 pints of milk will yield an imperial
pound of butter ; and the buttermilk will sell at
!d the three pints; and as 120 pints of that milk
; ic.dd from Itj lbs. avoinlupois, of fidl milk or Dim-
op cheese, it is easy to ascertain whether the 112
Ib.s. of beef, or these quantities of butter and
buttermilk, or of cheese, ivill realize the greatest
sum.

The 2700 pints of milk will yield nearly 385 lbs.
(U- 27 stone imperial of full milk cheese ; and if
made into butter, they will give 157 lbs. beside the
buttermilk, which would about amount to half the
quantity of milk cliurned. The average price of
beef, fur 7 years past, lias not exceeded 6s per
English stone; and the 112lbs. of course amounts
to £2 8s., while 27 stones of cheese, at 5s. per
stone, the average price paid by the merchant to
tl:-; firmer, during the last 7 years, amounts to
£6 17s. (id.; and the average price of 157 lbs.
butter, a 8d. per lb. for the same period, amounts
to £5 5s., and the buttermilk to £1 17s. 6d. more,
or £7 2s. 6d.; so that the average price of the
cheese exceeds that of the beef, to the amount of
£4 9s. 6d.; and the butter and bnttermilk give
£4 14s. 6d. more than the beef produced from
the same quantity of food to the cattle."

The above extract is from the Quarterly Jour-
nal of Agriculture for March, and was promised
some weeks ago. Let us apply its leading facts
to our market. We will assume that the average
price of beef in our large towns is §5 per cvvt.,
of butter 16 cts. per lb., and of full milk cheese
7 cents.

The result would be this:

112 lbs. of beef, at 5 cents,

380 lbs. of cheese, at 7 cents,

157 lbs. of butter, at 16 cents.
These facts, at all events, are worthy the con
sideration of cattle farmers.

$ 5 GO
26 60
24 22

From the Genesee Farmer.
FACILITY OF imCRE ASIIVG THE NEAV CHI-
NESE MUIcBBURY.

This tree may be rapidly increased by budding
and grafting on the common mulberry, and by
layers and ciitling.a. Cuttings of young shoots,
even before they have arrived at a ligneous state,
it is said, will readily take root, if planted in a
moist [dace, shaded from the mid-day sun. The
last season the writer obtained of a friend a few
hiids, the fore-part of July, which he set in the
white mulberry ; but one failed. Such is the im-
patience of this tree to vegetate, that in a fortnight
the buds began to grow. The stalk was immedi-
ately cut ofi' above the buds, which grew, some of
them, more thau two feet in leiiglh. They were
too succulent and tender, however, to stand the
winter ; having no protection, they all perished
but two ; these were alive an inch or two above
where they were budded. They were taken up
this spring, and planted in the garden in a hori-
zontal position so as to cover the buds with earth,
— one of the inosculations sent forth three shoots,
the other two, which tiave grown two or three
feet in length. About the lOlh of July these shoots
were bent down horizontally and covered their
whole length with about an inch depth of fine
earth ; which was drawn about the petioles of the
leaves so as to leave them above the surface.
These branches have begun to take root, and from
each hud a shoot is springing up which will form
a separate tre : ; so that by fall there will he as
nidiiy litllt; ••, f^r- w: there are buds which are bur-
ied ; in the whole, probably thirty or forty. These
proceeded with in the same manner, may be in-
creased another season to seveial hundred. Jt
will probably he best to cover them in the fall
with a few inches of earth. W. W. B.

AN EXPERIMENT

— Was tried with a new invented life-boat on Tues-
day evening last, in the Serpentine river, before a
great assemblage of persons. Six men in a boat,
with a cork apparatus attached to each of their
bodies, rowed to the centre of the river, and sud-
denly upset the boat, but they with the boat soon
regained their positions in safety. The boat was
first thrown on her side, and next overturned with
her keel uppermost, but she instantly recovered her
right position without any water being in her, which
caused much surprise among the spectators, who
expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with the
success of the experiment.

From the >^uftthern Planter.
PRESERVING GRAPES.

I LAST year made a little experiment in pre-
serving Grapes on the vine, which I am induced
to make public from its success ; hoping it may be
of service to others who wish to have this fine fruit
both in season and cut of season. To almost ev-
ery one it is known that there are many kinds of
Grapes that will remain sound on the vine for a
long time, if they are not destroyed by birds or
was[is. To prevent this, I have several small bags
made, of proper size to contain one or more clus-
ters of grapes, (where they may be contiguous,)
from some old musquito netting, which was other-
wise useless. — When the fruit was ripe, I drew
them over the finest bunches and tied them tight
round the stem. From the season being some-
what wet, I was under apprehension they might
rot, and from time to time gatliered some — but I
never found one rotten grape. The last I gather-
ed was on the morning of the first frosr, last au-
tumn ; which I think was on the 20tli November.
They were all of the finest flavor possible, and al-
most as transparent as glass.

The e'xperiment I tried on the Warrenton Grape
only. But I have no doubt it would succeed as
well with the Bland Madeira, Catawba, Isabella,
and every other variety of Native Grapes. Any
material will answer for bags that will admit a
circulation of air. S. Rose.

.58

N^W ENGLAND I ARMEii,

SEPTEMBER 3, 1S34.

From Cite N. y. Conunerci'tl Advertiser.
IMPORTEO HORNED CATTLE.

A FEW days since we attenileil, upon invitation,
llie private exiiiliition of a lienl of full blooded
English cattle, just imported, and destined to graze
tipon tlie rich prairies of the Scioto. Our highest
expectations were realizad — for it may well adiuit
of douht whether the animals who cropped the
lierhage of the rich plains of Judea, some three
thousand years ago, surpassed in beauty, according
•to the most approved standards of agricultural taste,
the bevy of cornuted animals to which we allude,
from the other siile of the Atlantic. They were
imported nnder the auspices of a society establish-
ed in the State of Ohio, for the furtherance of agri-
cultural improvement.

It seems that at the " Agricultural Fair and Cat-
tle Show of Ross County Agricultural Society,"
held in Chilicotho, in October last, a discussion
was had upon the expediency of forming an asso-
ciation for the purpose of introducing English cat-
tle in this country by direct importation. The
proposition was favorably received ; and tho requi-
site funds to justify the undertaking were, in a few
hours, subscribed. A meeting was subsequently
called, and an association organized to carry it into
effect. After some deliberation, it was resolved to
empower the President and Directors to employ
an agent or agents for tho purpose, with liberty to
control and distribute the funds according to their
best judgment and discretion. But, previous to
any definitive action on the subject, letters were
written to the lion. Henry Clay, and other distin-
guished individuals, soliciting their opinions upon
the course most proper to be pursued. They
united in recommending that an intelligent agent
be appointed to repair to England, and make the
proper selections. This advica was followed, and
Mr. Felix Rknick was ajjpointed to the trust, to
be accompanied by one or two young men as his
assistants.

They left Chilicothe in January last — embark-
ed in this city in February, and arrived at Liver-
pool on the 24tli of March. After arranging their
money transactions, they proceeded to the interior
and visited most of the agricultural districts cele-
brated for raising fine cattle.

It may be proper, in an article of this sort, de-
signed especially for our agricultural reStlors, to re-
late the observations made by our western farmers
upon the various races of cattle they examined in
different parts of England.

They were at one time highly jilcased with the
long liorn or Lancashire breed, distinguished
from all others by the length of their horns, the
thickness ami firm texture of their hides, close
liair, large hoofs, with coarse, leathery thick necks,
■and varied in color, wilh a white streak along the
back.

Again, the Devonshire cattle were recommended
to their attention, with the bright red color, and
ring round the eye, fine bone, and clean in neck,
thin faceil, and fine in chops, thin skinned, silky
in handling, and fine modeU for tho yoke. Again,
they(!*yere led to view the Galloway hornless breed
— broad on the back and Uiins, with hooked bones,
projecting knobs, with bodies beauiit'ully routnieil^
deep in chest, and short in leg — and clean in the
chop and neck — with heavy (!ye-brows, calm and
<letern)iued look. Thus they moved on, receiving
every where the kindest attentions and most oblig-
ing hospitality ; and having seen and weighed the
■" points" of rival breeds, they could not hesitate

in giving their preference to the Short Horned
Breed, to which we have alluded as coming under
our personal observation. These are sometimes
called the Dutch breed, and are known in Eng-
land by a great variety of names, according to the
districts where they are raised, such as Holder-
ness, the Teeswaler,, the Yorkshire, Durham,
Northumberland, &c. The Teeswater raised in
the vale of York on the river Tees, are held in the
highest estimation, and are the true short-horned
breed. Bulls and cows of this stock, purchased (
at great prices, are s|)read through the North of
England, and the border counties of Scotland —
and of this breed is the present importation. We
have never seen so fine hone, head and neck as
these cattle present — the hide is thin, chin full,
loin broad, and the body throughout well propor-
tioned and comely ; theiiesh of which is said to lie
equal or superior to any other breed. The cows
are remarkable for yielding a large quantity of
milk, not unfrequenlly 24 quarts in 2 4 hours, dur-
ing the grass season, and sufficient fin- making no
less than three firkins of butter during the summer.
This breed was deemed in many respects best
adapted to American soil. The growth is quite
equal, if not superior to any other breed; their
great weight of edible flesh in proportion to bone
and coarse flesh — the facility with which they
can be fattened at any age, and to almost any ex-
tent, besides being considered the best milkers in
England — seemed to give them n decided prefer-
ence over all others. Purchases were according-
ly made from the finest specimens, without refer-
ence to cost — giving as high as £170 sterling for
a bull calf of ten months old, and 150 guineas for
a yearling heifer. Eleven were embarked for
Philadelphia, in the shij) Alleghany, and the re-
maining nine under charge of tlie agent in person,
were put on board the ship Portsmouth, which on
the 4th of June sailed for this city. Having two
hundred steerage passengers on board, the Captain
with the view of avoiding sickness on his passage,
took what may be called a nnrlhcrly track, and al-
ter n)uch Buffering and encountering some heavy
blows and rough weather, arrived in this city and
landed the animals in fine condition, on the 26th
of July, the other division having previously reach-
ed New Y'ork in safety.

Great care is observed in England by the breed-
ers of fine cattle to preserve the blood untainted
and unmixed. They have their regular Herd
Book, by means of which they can trace the ge-
nealogy of their animals almost as far back, from
sire to sire, as the aristocratic sportsman his stud
of racers, or as a sprig of nobility would recount
the names and genealogy of the ancestry of which
he boasted.

The two bulls which arrived here were three
years old, and were by far the noblest animals of
the species that we saw. They were ten or
twelve feet long — not' measuring tho tails — and
fourteen or fifteen hands high — very large, and of
beautiful form and proportion. One of them
weighed 2,114 lbs. and the other upwards of
2,000 lbs. The heifers were also all of very re-
markable size fiir their ages. The two years old
were larger than our connnon full grown cows.
Ohio has already become distinguished for the en-
terprise of her herdsmen, and her <lairies are pro-
ducing rich returns. But if she fills her luxuriant
]n-airics and her rich vallies with cattle like these
the agriculturists of other states must needs soon
bestir tliemsolves, or they will be left far in the

rear by the noble spirit of western competition.
Mr. Renick being anxious to proceed with his
valuable charge, remained hut a few days in this
city. Many repaired, however, to see his fine
cattle, and liberal advances were offered on cost.
Five hun(lred dollars were proffered for a bull
calf only a few njontlis old ; but the Company
having higher objects in view than immediate
gain were not disposed to sell them. We wish
.Mr. K. a safe arrival at the great valley of the Scioto
It has been said that he who n)akes two blades of
grass grow on the spot that had only produced
one, is a greater benefactor of the Ijiimn]) race that
the whole herd of i)oliticians put together. Witl
equal justice n]ay the compliment be paid by thf
people of the West, to the authors of .this enter-
[)rise. i

From the Southern Planter.
BOILED POOD JPOR CATTLE.

IIavi.vg for some years turned my attention ti
the most economical and profitable mode of fat
tening cattle, and es|)ecially hogs, I have fonni
that preparing their food by the process of boilin
is unquestionably the greatest improvement tha
has yet been discovered — a slight fermentation fol
lowing previously to feeding it away, as certain!
adds to the capacity of Ibod fi)r affording nutritioi
And I have also farther fiilly ascertained, that th
nutritive qualities of matiy species of food can ci?i/
be obtained by boiling, and in many others is onl
fidly developed, or prepared for the action of th
stomach by that jjrocess.

The Iriih Potato furnishes a case in point <
the first kind, and the apple of the last. It is e;
tremely rare that you will find a hog that will e:
a raw Irish potato, but put it throug-h a citlinat
process andit is rare to find one that will refus
theiu.

Boil the applc!, let them get cold, and feed thei
to hogs, ami you double their capacity for produi
iug flesh.

But sir, the result of fairly conducted exper
ment has equally convinced me that the inixir
of ilifterent kinds of fooil, adds prodigiously to ll
ca[)acity of the different materials ibr aflbrding ni
trition, from the effect of combination. The ii
crease of the quantity of food, as well as the add
tion to its nutritive quality, by the simple absor]
tion of water in the act of boiling, is familiar to i
well-informed persons. But I am assured thattl
fomii"naf!on of difterent materials, produces a grec
er mass of nutritive matter, than the whole cou
separately yield ; and that to find out the art
mixing food, along with the best mode of pre pa i
iiig it for the action of the stomach, is the gre
art of feeding economically, and I believe to s
cure animal flesh, liealth, and vigor.

The well-known eflect of boiling cotton seed at
turnips, and feeding them together to fatten bt
cattle, exhibits a conclusive proof of the last po
tion, I thiidc — no preparation is known to fatt
more rapidly ; the late improved mode of keepi
up in flesh working horses in England, by the a
mixture of food, may be cited as a corroborati
proof in point. It is now I think rendered cerli
that the combination of two articles of food, pi
duces a new nutritive matter, more eflectual ih
either could separately, or than could be prodt
ed from the nutritive matter contained in each 1
separately. Boil Irish potatoes, pumpkins and (
pics ; combine them by mashing together, a
add a little salt and it will be found most i

VOL. XIH. NO. S.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOirKNAL.

59

iritive food for liogs, proriuciii',' ri«sli rapiilly. Now
1 hog on Irish potatoes r!\w, would starve to death,
md do little better confined Ua pumpkins, on raw
ippks he would live tolerahly — on the three hoiled
and coinliiiied he fattens l;iniUij and rupiilli/.

The result with lue has hecouie an anxious de-
sire to nscertain the siniplest, and most eeonomi-
[■nl mode of steaui boiling food on a large scale,
say lMimi)kiiis, potaloes, &c. Some of your read-
sra iriay have seen, or be in possession of some plan
not generally known, and valuable.

I have no hesitation in saying that the indiviiln-
b! whose talents would devise some plan which
would come within the reach of every description
of planters, uniting economy in the expenditure of
capital, with despatch, would confer a solid bene-
fit on our country. Planter.

FARINACEOUS A1.IMKNT OBTAINED PllOfil
STRAW%

The atteotion of agriculturists in France has
lieffn recently directeil to the discovery of a me-
thod of converting straw into a kind of bran, or
farine, for the feeding of domestic aniirials. This
discovery has '^een claimed by two individuals:
the first is a miller near Dijon, of whose name we
are not informed, who it is said on trying the
mill stone of a new mill, discovered the jiossihili-
ty of converting straw into nourishing food ; the
second is Mr. Joseph Rlaitre, foitnder of the fine
agrictiltural establishment of Vilotte, near Chat i lion.
This distinguished agriculltn-ist, known for the pur-
ity and [)f?l-fection of his breeds of sheep, conceived
the idea of qouverting. into faritie, not only the
sTiaw of wheat and other grains, but of hay, tie-
foil, lucern, santfoin, &c. His eftorts are said to
liave been perfectly successful, and his discovery
arrived at, not by chance, but by long experiment
and research. The aliment which he has produc-
eil, is said to be a coni|)li'ti! substitute for bran. It
is given to shee|) and l.unhs, who consume it with
avidity, iind may be given to all other graminiv-
orous animals, as a grateful ai*l substantial food.
W". Maitre, with the view of bringing the process
to perfection, has ordered a mill fur its manufac-
ture to he erected in the nddst of his large farms;
and he is preparing to connnnnicate a jeport to
the Royal Society of Agriculture, on the advanta-
ges in rural and domestic economy, to be <lerived
from this preparation. We are not at the present
ii'.oment, informed of the nature of this process.
If it be a simple grinding' of the straw or fodder,
and a separation of some of its fibrous matter, we
can easily imagine the advantages that may
arise from it. We know in this country, that the
mere cbopjiing of straw adds greatly to its powers,
tiy facilitating niaslicatioii and digestion. We
mny believe that a more pi-irfect communication o(
its parts will produce a corresponding eti'ect, and
€.\ti'ud very widely the uses of straw and other
foiider, as a means of feeding our domestic ani-
mal..^.— Qiiarlerb) Journal of Agricv.llu.re.

pentine into the hand, and rub it on ths breast of
the horse while suffering; let it he applied to the
hollow or pit of the stomach, just at the point
where the neck joins the breast, on a space six or
eight inches in diameter. The relief is certain, if
the grubs have not already .cut through the coats
of the stomach. — Farmer^s Rcsister.

TO PRODUCE

CURE FOR BOTTS OR GRUBS IN IIOKSBS.

■ If you w'ill excuse the subject, [for aUliongh
gracdcss, it is valuable not only to agricidturists
but to all classes, using that valuable animal the
Horse,) I send you a remedy I used wdiile our coals
were brought to market in road wagons, which
obliged us to use a great number of horses; and I
iierer knew it to fail of giving relief, in one to five
minutes, viz: Pour uut half a gill of spirit of tur-

VoTF.D, that the Society accept the invitation to
join the procession in commemoration of Lafay-
ette on Saturday, September 6th.

Adjourned to Saturday, Sept. 6th, at half past
nine o'clock, A. J!. Cha's.M. Hovey,

Secretary pro tern.

Fiotii the Farrtier and Bhdumic.

A GREAT VARIETY OF SEED
POTATOES.

Gather in the full, or as soon as the potato
balls, oFseed that grow on the vines, get ripe, say
about the first frost, any quantity, a good large
fjuaniity.

Put the balls in the joints of your fences, on
the grass.' Cover them with straw, say about
twelve inches thick. Let them be undisturbed
during the winter. In the spring you will have
potatoes springing up through the straw. Do not
liisturb them them until the nexi fall, when the
vines decay of their own accord. — Then raise up
the straw and you will find small potatoes of every
color, name, and quality, that you ever saw;.
Nineteen difl'erent kinds, have been found, the
product of half a bushel of potato balls, on ten
yards square of ground. Select and plant the
next year and yon will have a fine crop, and of
the very satne kind tlfat you ])lant. 15e careful
not to put two different kinds into thesame hill. —
These varieties will last you two or three years ;
then you had better take a fresh supply from the
seed again, us the above directed. Persevere and
you can obtain an almost endless variety.

A Farmer's So-v.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

JiiKj:. 30, 1834.
To the Chairman of the Committee on Fruits :

Sir — I send for exhiliition, a new variety of the
peach, produced from a stone planted in the yard
of our respected fellow citizen William Minot, Esq.
Ijeacon street. Its size, shape, and beauty, as well
as its fine quality, places it among the peaches of
the first class of Melters. It was raised on th§
wall in the oi)en air: it measures 9 1-2 inches.

The original tree died the autumn after I took
buds from it, by which event this fine fruit would
have beeti lost, had I not been fortunate enou^^h
to have preserved it by grafting.

1 have named it the Minot Peach, by which
name I hope to be able, next year, to e.T;tend its
culture liy dhstrihtiting buds.

Respectfully, Saml. G. Perkins.

Apples. Williams apple, name unknown apple.
Porter apple, large red sweet apple, by Jlr. S.
Downer.

Pears. French pear, and a variety name un-
known, by Mr. S. Dow^jek.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

An adjourned meeting of the Mass. Hort. Soci-
ety was liehl at their room on Saturday, Aug. 30th,
183'1, and the following business transacted.

The Chairman from the Committee for the pur-
pose of procuring a suitable place fur the ensuing
exhibition, reported — that they have succeeded in
engaging the use of Faneuil Hall, from the 1.5tli
to the 20th September inclusive.

The Chairman from the Committee to conduct
the Financial department, and the Chairmen of
the several Committees for the pur|)ose of procur-
ing plants, Sec. reported progress.

Voted, that a Committee of nine be appointed
to attend to the arrangements and decorations of
the Hall— Messrs. J. W. Russell, P. Hovey, Jr.

D. Ilaggerston, Thus. Mason, E. Putnam, Thos.
WiUoot, Robert Murray, Cha's Senior, and Wm.
Cowing were nominated and chosen.

Voted, that a Commiftee of ten be appointed
to receive, arrange and label plants, &c. — Messrs.
Chas. M. Hovey, Geo. W. Pratt, Sam'l Walker,
J. L. Russell, Cheever Newhall, Rht.L. Emmons,
M. P. Wilder, llob't. Rogerson, J. G. Joy, and
Win. Carter, were nominated and chosen.

Voted, that a Committee of eight be appointed
to receive, arrange, and label fruits, &c. — IMessrs.
S. A. Shurtleft", Rol)ert Manning, Wm. Kenrick,

E. M. Richards, B. V. French, Sam'l Pond, Hen-
ry Sheafe, and Geo. C. Barrett, were nominated
and chosen.

It was announced that J. C. Gray, Esq. had ac-
cepted the invitation to deliver the address before
the Society at their anniversary.

EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS.

Horticultural Hail, Aug.'SO.

The display of flowers this day were of a supe-
rior order, more especially the specimens of Dah-
lins which were splendidly elegant. But even
these seemed laboring under a partial eclipse J:oni
the superior brilliancy of certain fine s|)ecimcns of
female beauty, the fairest of the fair, whose ;ires-
ence lent enchantment to the exhibition.

Mr. S.Walker, F>oxbury — Phlox seedling ; Dah-
lias, Dutchess ofLiverpool, Henri Vll I. Royal Lilac,
Mountain of Stiow, Mary Louisa, Delphinium Chi-
iiensis. Lobelia fulgens, do. speciosa, &c. &c.

Mr. Wm. Kenrick, Newton — Roses China, Noi-
sette and Hybrid of different varieties ; Dahlias,
Queen of the Yellows, Squibb's pure Yellow,
Countess Plater, Orange Y'ellow, Lord Lyndhurst,
Stri|)ed anemoneflore, Yoimg's Triumphant, Con-
sjiicua, &c. Delphinium, Lobelia, Phlox, Coreopsis,
Helianthus multiffora, Honeysuckles, Corchorus.
Snowberry, Altheas, &c.

Jlr. M. P. Wilder, Dorchester — The following
new Dahlias, Widnall's Aurora, Paragon of perfec-
tion, Brewer's Reform, Lass of Richmond Hill,.
Squibb's Prince George, Hanoverian Stripe, Anto-
nia, Picta formossissima, Roke's dwarf scarlet, and
the Countess of Liverpool, Barrett's Susannah, v.
Crimson Globe ; also, from the same gentleman,
Potentilla napalensis, Corchorus japonica, Spirea
uhnaria. Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, and New Noisette
Rose Bonrganville.

Messrs. Hoveys — Tigridia pavonia. Verbena au-
bletia. Lobelia fulgens, Commelina ca^lestis, Del-
jihinium consolida flore jdeno, China asters, Sec.

Mr. Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard —
varieties of Dahlias, do. Phlos Hybiscus Africanus,
Carnations and other flowers.

Blessrs. Winships — many kinds.
By order of the Committee,

Jo>A. WiNSHip, Chairman.

60

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER 3, 1834.

EXPERIMENTS IN TOPPING CORN.

It was discovered early in August, 1810, tliat
proper grasses for soiling niy cattle would soon
lie very deficient ; and on tlie 20tli of that month,
one row of corn in a field of thirteen acres, was
topped to ascertain how the plant would bear ear-
ly cutting. It was thought that it had received
no injury. On the 31st of the same month I com-
menced feeding the cattle with the tops cut daily
as wanted. These lastod them until the 18th of
September. After this the blades were stripped,
commencing where the toppings begun. They fed
the cattle until the 5th October.

In the process of topping and blading, one row
was left entire, standing between the row which
had been topped on the 20th of August, and
another row which was topped on the 2d of Sep-
tember. These rows were cut off liy the roots on
the 2(1 of October, and hauled in, and set up sep-
arately under my own inspection. They were
husked and measured on the 8th November.

Produce of the row tliat had not been topped
and stri|ipod, nine bushels and five eighths of
corn in the ear.

One of the rows wdiich had been topped and
stripped, measured seven bushels and six eights ;
and the other topped and stripped row tneasnred
seven bushels and three eighths of corn in the ear.

Thus it clearly appears that mutilating the corn
plant before its fruit is perfected, is a very injuri-
ous practice. The injury done to my crop by this
mode of management was clearly seen some tinje
before the three experimental rows were cut of!'.
Throughout the whole field the husks were gen-
erally dry and open, except on the row whicli had
not been topped an<l stripped. On this they still
retained a greenish hue, and were close set to the
ear when the plants were cut off by the roots.

In 1811, I selected three rows of maize in the
middle of my field, as nearly alike as possible.
The plants were then about two feet high. 1 cut
off the tops of the middle row as low down as
might be readily done without injuring the tassels,
which were wrapped in their own leaves within
the stalks. I could not observe that the stalks in
the row which had b^en cut, grew any thicker,
until new leaves had been formed from the crown
of the plants. Before this hap[)ened, the stalks in
the rows on either side of it, seemed to be as thick
again as those standing iu It ; and the ears grown
on the plants in this row, shot fille<l, and ripened
about two weeks later than the rest of the fielil.

As several writers on agriculture had asserted
that the tops of potatoes might be cut and given
to the cattle without injury to tlie crop, I cut ofl"
the tops from a row nmning through the middle of
a very luxuriant patch. Care was taken to cut
them in that way which was supposed least like-
ly K) prove injurious to the future growth of tlie
plants. The debilitated appearance of the second
growtli of the tojjs, determined me not to risk the
second cutting of ihem. When the crop was
gathered, the roots in the row that had been cut
did not seem to be more than half as large as those
in the rest of the patch.

In fact, I have never seen any aihautage arise
either from carefully trimming, or ruggedly mu-
tilating annual plants; on the contrary, much in-
jury certainly follows. It is, however, probable
that good housewives and ignorant gardeners will
continue to tread and mutilate the tops of their on-
ions, as long as the world may liappcn to last, for

tlie express purpose of making the roots grow more
luxuriantly ; unless perchance, they tnay liappen
to reflect, that the tops would not have existed, if
nature did not consider them as necessary to the
well-being of the plant as its roots. Certain it is
that the writings of many gentlemen who ought to
have known better, are exactly calculated to con-
firm them in this truly savage practice. — Lorrain.

From the Genesee Farmer,
THE -WHEAT WORM.

We have heard great complaints within a few
days of the devastation making by this insect incur
wheat fields: and it is apprehended, that in many
cases there will be a total loss of crop. Its rava-
ges are far greater than before known. The at-
tention of the readers of the Farmer has been
before called to this subject, particularly iu an
article published on the 19th of A[iril. The ex-
periments and observations of i\lr. IJauer, there de-
tailed are worthy of all notice; as the lime em-
ployed in tnaking them — some twenty years — and
the high standing of the experimentor, lea\'Es little
doubt of the correctness of his conclusion, that the
seed of the worm is sown with the grain. It will
be recollected that steeping the seed grain in lime
and water, was found to destroy the seed of the in-
sect. However doubtful this may appear, it is
worth every one's trial ; Tor independent of this
object, it is now a well established fact, that soak-
ing seed wheat in lime water, will destroy the
seed of smut. N. B. As it is the causticity of
quick lime which destroys the seed of the insect as
well as the parasite, of the worm as well as of the
smut — lime recently burnt should alone be em-
ployed ; for when it has been air-slacked, or suf-
fered to indiibe carbonic acid by long keeping or
exposure, it loses its causticity, and is unfit to he
employed, being little better than jiounded chalk or
limestone.

But for the wheat worm, the crops in the coun-
ty of Albany have a promising appearance. The
season has been very favorable for barley, one of
our staple crops. Corn is rather backward, but it
stands well, and the recent showers and warm
weather have brought it forward remarkably.

I am making an experiment with bees which I
will detail to you. My boxes or hives are iriade in
pairs, one to set on^another, and when tlius dou-
bled, there are two hooks on the u|iper, and two
liuttous on the lower box to keep them in ]dace.
In the one intended for the lower box, which is
about nine inches ileep, I make one, two, three or
four holes with an auger, and invert over each of
these a half gallon glass jar, such as are used by
apothecaries, the months of which are slightly set
into the cover of the lower box. I then clap the
iipper box over thesu^glasses, and fasten it to the
lower ones with the hooks. The bees have ac-
cess to the jars, but not otherwise to the up])er
hive, the cross pieces in which keep the glasses
in place. The ex|iectation is, that these jars will
be filled with pure honey, and that 1 shall be able
at any time to ri;move them, in part or whole, and
to substitute other glasses without disturbing the
bees. I have seen tumblers thus filled with honey,
and there is little doubt of my succeeding with
tho jars. My bees in the garret continue to do
well. I took considerable honey from their habi-
tation last winter ; they Inive since filled the
space, and considerably enlarged llie cond) other-
wise. J. 15.

Jllhany, Juli/ fjih.

From the Montreal Daily AUvertiser.
THE WHEAT-Pl-T.

Sir, — In a paragraph which appeared in your
Courier of Friday last, copied from the Sher-
hrooUe. MvocaU, the damage to the kernel of wheat
in the ear of the growing crop, has been attribut-
ed to the insect called the wevil. This surely is
a mistake, the wevil is a very diflerent sort of in-
sect from that which has damaged the wheat in
this neighborhood.

The Encydoprtdia of Agriculture describes the
wheat-fly, which has been one of the greatest ene-
mies to the wheat crop in Scotland of late years,
and I have every reason to su|)pose it is the same
species of fly that has caused the injury to wheat
this summer.

The following article is from the Encyclope-
dia: — "In the njodern nomenclature, the Rev,
W. Kerby informs us that the wheat-fly, fornjerly
the Tipida Iritici of Linneus is now the Cecidoviyia
tritici ; and the Hessian fly the C.deslruclor. The
wheat-fly generally makes its appearance about
the end of June ; and according to the observa-
tions of Mr. SherriflT, they exist throughout a pe-
riod of thirly-nine days. The line of the fly i»
orange, the wings transparent, and changing col-
or accoriling to the light in which they are view-
ed. It lays its eggs within the glmnes of the flor-
ets, in clusters varying in lumdjer from two to
ten, or even to fifteen, and the larvEe feed upon
the grain. They are produced from the eggs in
the course of eight or ten days; they are at first
perfectly transparent, and assume a yellow color
a few days afterwards; they travel not from one
floret to another, and forty-seven have been num-
bered in one. Occasionally there are found in
the same floret larvas and a grain which is gener-
ally shrivelled, as if deprived of nourishment, and
although the pollen may furnish the larva^ \vith
food in the first instance, they soon crowd around
the lower part of the germen, and they in all
probability subsist on the matter destined to form
the grain. The larva; are |ueyed on by the fc?a-
phron dcslrncior, or ichneumon fly, which deposits
its eggs in the body of the Iarva3 of the wheat-fly;
and this is the only check hitherto discovered for
preventing the total destruction of the wiieat crops
attacked by the cecidoiiiyia. Mr. Sherrift", speak-
ing of, the ichneumon, says, ' I could not deter-
mine if it actually deposits its eggs in the maggot's
liodv; but there can be BO doubt, however, of the
ichneumon jiiercing the maggots with a sting;
and from stinging the same maggot repeatedly, it
is probable the fly didigbts to destroy the maggots,
ys well as deposit eggs in their bodies. The ear-
wig, also, devours the maggots as food.' Mr. Gor-
rie estimates the loss sustained liy the farming in-
terests in the Carse of Gowrie district alone, by
the wheat-fly, at £20,000 in 1827 ; at £30,000 in
1828 ; and at £36,000 in 1829. The same writer
in May 1830 thus depicts__tl*e — prospects of the
wheat crop in the Carse of Gowrie: 'The ceci-
domyia are still alive in formidable legions. That
the flies will this season be in as great plenty as
ever, is f]uile certain; that they will lay their eggs
on no other plants, than those of the wheat genus,
is also true: the only chance of escape is in the
time the pu|);c appear iu the fly state: should the
snnny weather bring them forward withm a fort-
night or three weeks from this date, the greater
part will have perished before the wheat is in the
ear, or should the earing take place before the
fly appears, the late or spring sown wheat will

VOi. Xill. SO, g.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

61

«uSer — but these appear slender cliaiices. We
?<iiow the history Hiid habits of the insect too well
?o believe that either mist, or rain^ or dew, or
•drotiglit will either forward or retard their opera-
tions, if the main body appear about the time the
wheiU comes to the ear."

From my own observations I am convinced it
is the same species of insect described above, that
we have got here. I am not aware that it has
tieen known in Canada l>efore last year, and it
a[>pears to have multiplied prodigionsly. Nuw
that the wheat has got ripe and hard, the maggots
have disappeared ; it is oidy when the grain is in
the soft and milky state they prey upon it, or
rather upon the matter destined to form the grain.
Wheat on new lands does not appear to have suffer-
ed so much as that on lands long cultivated ; this
I know by experience. My wheat was on new
land this year, and has not been much injured ;
this circumstance should induce further inquiry,
which might perhaps lead to the discovery of
some remedy for an evil which may otherwise be
a very great one here, where wheat is the princi-
pal crop that farmers cultivate. I have the hon-
or to be. Sir, your obedient servant,

Wm. Eva.ns.

Cote St. Paul, August 13, 1834.

WHEAT.

Extract of a letter from Maine to the Sec'y of the H.
F. i{ H. Ag. Society.

" My winter wheat is sown between the 1st and
7th of fjept. (but ill the Connecticut Valley may be
sown as late as the middle of September) with the
wheat I sow 1 1-2 bushel of oats to the acre — the
oats will be a firotection to the wheat during rhe
winter and a manure in the spring — sometimes 1
sow one to two hlids. Lime to the acre and one
bushel of Plii«tor Paris the spring following.

Last year I made the experiment in my garden
of sowing some winter wheat in the spring and
cutting it frequently until 1st September, my usual
time of sowing wheat — it has succeeded so well
that I intend next spring to sow nn acre with win-
ter wheat and feed with calves, say 3 yearlings, or
unimals that will not tread too hard or feed too
close until September.

The advantage looked for is that it will stand
the winter better and be fit to reap earlier lluin if
sown in the autumn.

Have yon any of the Black Sea wheat — the heads
jre large and will be fit to reap some days earlier
than our common wheat and out of the way of
rust.' Can send you 1-2 bushel. Have you any
af the Skinless Oats '' if not, can send yuu one
bushel. — Hampshire Gazette.

WHEAT Q,i;iCKt,Y PREPARED FOR MARKET.

The following case of extraordinary despatch is
from the Canadian Journal. We do not think
Flour much the belter for rapid packing; it has
30t time to cool thoroughly :

We last week inadvertently omitted to mention
k fact, which we deem worthy of record. On
Fuesday, (if we mistake not the day,) Oliver
?hclps, Esq. harvested from his fisrin, in the vi-
;inity of this village, one hundred and fft'j bushels
f wheat — the next day it was hauled to the ihrash-
ng machine attached to his Red Mill, in St. Cath-
irines, and put in complete order for flouring —
he same day and night it was ground, and on the
lay following shipped for the Montreal market, in
jne order. Beat this who can !

CARRAGEEN, OR IRISH 9JOSS.

'The great use now made of this valuable ma-
rine plant, as affording a nutritious article of diet
for infants and for invalids generally, and as ap-
plicable to many elegant and salutary preparations
for the table, such ns jellies, blancmange, &e.
renders it of considerable importance in domestic
economy. The Bunker Hill Aurora states that
large quantities of the plant may be collected on
the shores near Lynn, which the editor thinks is
the same as tlie imported article; and which it is
said, has been sold in the shops as genuine.

•We have long entertained a like opinion with
regard to the identity of the indigenous and for-
eign article. It is founil in abundance on the
southeast coast of this Island ; probably our whole
shore produces it. Some weeks since impressed
with this opinion, we gathered a considerable
quantity, and subjected it to the same process
usually applied to the Carrageen, and with quite a
.-utisfactory result. The gelatinous product was
evidently as ample, and to all appearance quite as
valuable as tluit of the Irish Moss. Whether
its medicinal properties be equal to those of the
latter, having had no thorough opportunity to as-
certain, we do not pretend to judge. The plant
itself as it is found here, washed up from the sea,
resembles the im[)orted moss very closely, with
the exception that it is evidently of more luxuriant
growth, and rather less fibrous at the superior ter-
minations. These are the only perceptible differ-
ences in the external characteristics of the respec-
tive substances. If upon further investigation, it
shall be demonstrated, that this hitherto unnotic-
ed species of sea-weed, may J)e readily converted
into a restorative beverage for the sick, or a grate-
ful viand for the whole, the worth of the treasure
lying at our very doors, though attainable without
money and without price, will doubtless be ap-
preciated.— Minlucket Enquirer.

When the skin is perfijct, having the head, horns,
&:c. take off the horns, and fill their cavity with a
mixture of equal parts of powdered alum and
ashes of charcoal iliissolved in water, and e.-ipost
them two days to the sun. Saturate the trunks of
the horns with eight ounces of alum dissolved in
water, and fold up with the skin, and apply the
saine on each occasion when employed in curing
the skin. The flesh on the head and jaws to trc
carefully taken off, tilling the same with powdered
alum. It should remain iu the sun until perfectly
dry.

In addition to the foregoing description of the
mode used in Morocco, in dressing skins, as re-
lated by the persons employe^l by Mr. Willshire. it
may be well to observe that the piocess does not
take so long at Mogadore, as Mr. W. has often re-
ceived back skins of the Aoudad and Leopard from
the dresser, on the third or fourth, and never ex-
ceeding the fifth day, perfectly cured. Allowance
has been made by the dresser, in the foregoing de-
scription, for the difference in the climate of Lou-
don.

The skins of smaller animals must not be sub-
jected to so lengthened a process, or they will be-
come harsh, and the pelt impoverished. — Proceed-
ings Zoolog. Soc.

METHOD OP DRESSIIVG SKINS PRACTISED
IN MOROCCO.

The following account of the method practised
in dressing skins in Morocco was transmitted to
the Zoological Society by W. Willshire, Esq. a cor-
responding member of that society, in a letter
dated Mogadore, May 5, 1833. Its results are
said to be excellent, as regards the preservation
and color of the fur, and the flexibility of the pelt.

Wash the skin in fresh water to deprive it of
the salt ; as soon as this is done, scrape the flesh
off, then take two pounds of alum, one quart of
buttermilk, and two or three handfuls of barley-
meal, which mix well together, and lay on the
fie.><hy side of the skin equally ; fold up and press
it together carefully, and let it lie two days. On
the third day take it to the seaside, wash the skin
well, and when' clean and free mixture, hang it
up to let the water run from it : then take two
pounds of alum finely powdered, and throw or
spread it eJjually on all jiarts of the skin ; again
fold up as before, and allow it to lie three days,
when it will be in a proper state to dry in the sun,
laid fiat, without taking away the powder. When
it is dry, take a pint or two of fi-esh water, and
sprinkle itnjion the skin, and again fohl it up care-
fully for about two hours, to indjibe the water ;
then lay it nn a table, and, after scraping it free
from the mixture ami flesh, take a sand-stone
(rather rough) and rub the skin well until it be-
comes soft ami pliable, then hang it in the shade
to dry. The process is then complete.

PAT SHEEP IN SUMMER.

A WRITER in the Farmer's Journal, after stating
that he applies tar to the roots of the horns of
sheep, and jiuts a little in their noses and mouths,
"as affording the best security against the mtiggot
in the head," gives the following remarks on the
management of sheep in the suminer :

" I um coreful to have none of my sheep, ex-
cept those i intend for market, get very fat during
the summer. I have heard it remarked, and I be-
lieve it, that after once very fat, a sheep will nevar
arrive at the same point again. Sheep which get
fat during the summer, certainly do not do as
well in the fall and winter. About the middle el'
September I give my sheep the best feed I can,
and the middle of October begin to feed sparingly
with turnijis, (lotatoes, or some kind of grain. —
When the time arrives for yarding, which I do
rather late, I separate my flock in the follov/iug
manner, — In one yard I put my rams and weth-
ers, except such of the former as have become verv
poor during the time running with the ewes. In
the second I put my last spring lambs ; in the
third all my healthy ewes, and in the fourtli all my
old and weak, (hut no diseased) ewes. A sixia
department is a kind of hospital, into which everr
sheep is removed as soon as discovered to be al-
flicted with disease. This arrangement I consider
very important, as it affords an opportunity for
treating every class ofsheej) in the manner judged
most proper for their circumstances. I have
known instances in which the lot of old and feeble
ewes have come otit much improved in the spring,
and have jiroduced a good fleece, and raised fine
likely lambs. I always intend, however, to tuui
my sheep before they get so old as to become eii-
lichled ; as they are more likely to acquire those
diseases which spread through tiie flock.

To PRESERVE Vines from bugs, &c. — Glau-
ber's Salts, Sulphate of Soda, an ounce dissolved
in about one quart of water and sprinkled on the
plants or vines is recommended as a preventive
against insects.

62

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER 3, 1S34.

NEW ENGLANU FA R M E R .

BOSTON, WEUNESDAY EVENING, SEPT. 3, 1834.

NOTICE.

The Committee on Fruits for the Horticultural E.xhi-
fcitiou, chosen Jast Saturday, are requested to meet a*
the Hall of the Society on Saturday ne.xt, at 10 o'clock.
S.A. Shcrti.f.ff, Cliairman.

Gentlemen at a distance wlio are disposed to contrib-
ute to the e.xhibition, are requested to forward Fruits,-
&c. to Geo. O. Barrett, New England Farmer OlHce:
previous to the 1 (ith inst.

PARMER'S WORK.

SELECT SEED CORN.

It is highly inipoitaHt that .seed corn slioiihi lie
selected from the best samples which oiin be ob-
tained. The reason why this practice is recom-
mended is this : the oflsi)ring of vegetables as well
BS of animals will, in a great measure partake of
the good or bad (puilitles of the parent. The fol-
lowing directions on this subject are from the ])en
of .Joseph Cooper, Esq. of Brunswick, N. J.

" When the first ears are ri|)e enough for seed,
gather a sufiicient quantity for early corn or re-
lifanting; and at the ttjne you would wish your
corn to be rijie generally, gather a sufficient quan-
tity for planting the next year, having a particular
care to take it from stalks which are large at bot-
tom, ef a regul.ir taper, not over tall, the e.^rs set
low, and containing the greatest number of good
sizable ears of ili8 best quality ; let it dry speedily ;
and from the corn gathered as Inst described, ]ihuit
your uiain crop, and if any hills should be missing,
replant from that which was fust gathered, which
will cause the crop to ripen more regularly thm is
common, which is a great benefit. The above
uientioned I have ])ractised many years and am
eatislisd it lias increased the quantity and improv-
ed tlie quality of my crops beyond what any per-
son would imagine who had not tried the e.xperi-
tnent."

Dr. Dearie observed that " some recommend
gathering seeil corn before the time of harvest, be-
ing the ears that first ripen. But I think it would
be better to mark llieni and let them riunain on
the stalks till ihey become sa-ples.s. Whenever
they are taken in, they should be liimg up by the
husks, ill a dry place, secure from early frost ;
ami they will be so hardened as to be in :io dan-
ger from the frost in winter."

SEEDS FOR SOWING.

The seeds of plants are in many particulnra tike
bird'.-! eggs, and as you W(>uld choose the finest
unliiials for breedurs, so let your vegetable stock
procceil from the best, soundest, and most vigor-
ous seeds. It is not sufficient that your .iceds
barely vegetate ; they should come strong and vig-
orous if you would have them produce fine crops.
The seeds of fruits an; best sown with the fruil.
Dr. Darwin observed, in substance, that when the
fruit, which .xiirrounds any kind of seeds can be
sown with tiiem, it may answer some good pur-
pose. Thus the fruit* of crabs, quinces, and some
hard pears may be all the winter uninjured if
covered only with their autumnal leaves, and will
'r.ontribule much to nourish their germinating seeds
in the spring. It has been recommended to bow
Uie seeds of cherries, peache,', and some other
fruits, wliicli are of a perishable nature as soon
i(fter the fruit is ripe as possible. If the seeds are
kept till the next spring tKey become dried through,
and the vegetative princij)!c is destroyed, it is a

good iilan to keep small and rare seeds in their
pods till the season of sowing them.

Mr. Cobhett says that "great care is necessary to
avoid the use of unripe seed. Even in hot weather,
when the seed would drop out, if the plants were
left standing, pull or cut the plants and lay them
on n cloth in the sun, till the seed be just ready to
fall out ; for, if forced from the pod the seeds are
never so good. Seeds will groM) if gathered when
they are green as grass, and afterwards dried in
the sun ; but they do not produce plants like those
coming from ripe seed. I tried, some years ago,
fifty grains of wheat, gathered green, against fifty
gathered ripe. Not only were the plants of the
former feeble, when compared with the latter ; not
only was the produce of the former two thirds less
than the latter ; but even the quality of the grain
was not half so good. Many of the ears had smut
which was not the case with those that came from
the ripened seed, though the land and the cultiva-
tion Were in both cases the same." Other writers
advise not to reap wheat infected with smut till
fully ripe and perfectly dry, and wheat, intended
for sei'd should, in all cases be allowed to become
quite ripe before it is used.

With regard to seed-wheat, an English writer
observes as follows : " I never thresh the sheaves
which are to sufiply with seed till just when I want
to make use of it. 1 have a notion that the seed
keeps better in the covering nature has given it,
I mean the chaff, than it would without it ; and I
am pretty certain that it sprouts sooner in the
ground, the husk or bran being preserved in a
tenderer and more vielding state than it would be
were it exposed to the open air."

WEEDS MADE USEFUL.

There are some vegetable productions, denomi-
nated weeds, such as purslane, pigweed, brakes,
&c. whicli make good food for swine, and should
be gathered and given to them, whether they are
kept in pastures or in pens. But if weeds have
so fiir arrived to maturity that their seeds would
grow if they had a chance, it will be best to de-
stroy the principle of vegetation by suflering thein
to ferment in a compost bed. For this object yofi
ni.iy |>lace them in a heap in some unoccupied
spot, and cover them with soil. In this case it
will be well first to sift a little quicklime over the
heaps of weeds, ain^ then shovel over them a
quantity of soil to imbibe the gases produced by
fermentation. A good husbandman permits as
few vegetable and animal substances to decay or
IHitrefy in the open air as possible, but covers
them over with earth and quicklime, if he has it,
thus preserving his health by the same means by
which he fertilizes his grounds.

J-'rom th*' l^oston Courier.
CHINESE MITLBBRRY.

The Mulberry sei'd, furnished to several persons
in JMaR-iacliusetts, by the Missionaries in China,
have be('n extremely ]>rolific, and the prospects are
highly nattering for the manufacture of New I'^iig-
laiid silk. The following extract from an intelli-
gent and enterprising gentleman in Northampton,
received within a fesv days, will be read with in-
terest. " My prospects brighten every day, as it
regards the silk business. I receive encourage-
ment from every quarter. Gentlemen of the first
respectability, possessed of capital, are ready to en-
gage in it. My trees have grown wonderfully. 1
shall sell twelve or fifteen liundred dollars worth
this season • and shall propagate largely next sea-

son, if my life is prolonged. I wish you would'
come up here and settle yourself down. You
would find it a delightful employment to produce
so rich a substance from the soil. It is a business
which competition cannot affect, excepting for the
better. For it is a fact that the more there are en-
aged in it, the better it will be for each one.
The time is not far distant, when New Englam)
will produce Silk, e(]ual in value to the Cotton oJ"
the South — of this no one can doubt, who has
given any attention to the subject. I liave already
calls from gentlemen from every quarter, to .see
my trees and obtain information about the busi-
ness. I am now planning a building to be erected
the coming winter for the feeding of worms — two
hundred feet long by twenty-four feet wide, two
stories high — which I shall place below the gar-
den ne.xt the woods. I have sold one thousand!'
trees to a gentleman for )?2.50, and to others $500
worth more ; my number will soon be taken
up."

TURNIPS.

Pitting Turnips". — .As the Turnip harvest is
approaching, we take the liberty of suggesting to
those who cultiv;-.te the Swedes, our method of
pitting them for winter. The pits are limited to
two feet in width, and of an indefinite length, and
are dug in a dry situation, seldom more than two
feet deep. When the pit or hole is filled with
roots as high as the surface of the ground, the tur-
nips are laid by hand, the tops out, and slojiing to
the centre, until they terminate in a ridge which
is generally about two feet above the ground. Tlie
whole are then covered with straw, and then with
earth. The important point follows : The crown
of the ridge is then ))ieiTed with an iron bar at
intervals of the yard, and the earth passed out, so
as to leave an entire aperture into the turnips, and
into each of these apertures a wisp of twisted
straw is loosely inserted. The roots w^ill heat, and
unless the rarified air is permitted to escape, the
turnips are apt to rot. The openings permit its ■
escape, without danger of the frost doing injury.
With this ju-ecaution we have not lost one bushel
in a thousand. The same course would no doubt
be beneficial in preserving the Mangel ff'urtzel. —
Souiher7i ^s:ncidturisl.

ITEMS OF INTELLIKENCE.

[nr There will be no Cattle Show at Brighton this-
year.

Northern Farmer. We regret to learn that the val-
uable paper with that title, printed in Newport, N. H.
is stopped, or suspended for the present, in consequence
of tlic want of patronage sufficient to warrant its contin-
uance.

India Ruhhcr Bathiii<r Tubs. Since the India-Rubber
Company conunenced the manufacture of articles ot
dress at tlicir cstablisliment in Ro.xbury, there is scarce-
ly a domestic convenience that has not been successfully
made. Life-preservers, beds and over-coats, seem to be
only a small part of the business — even bathing-tubs
wliich have usually been of wood, metal, or stone, are
now sold at a pi ice so reasonable, that every man in com-
mcm circumstances might afTord to keep an ap])aratu»'
so conductive to health. They arc moreover so light —
so truly portable, that a tub might be constructed for
packing in a small travelling trunk, tliongh capable of
holding several barrels of water.

Besides lecommending this valuable article for the
nurseiy in preference to aay other kind now in use, co

VOL. XIII. NO. 8.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

G3

account of the ease with whicli it may be moved iroia
■one apartment to anotherj all vessels on voyages to
tropical climates should be provided with it. Frequent
baths are among the surest means of maintaining a heal-
thy condition of the body in approaching tropical re-
gions ; but as there is both inconvenience and danger in
plunging into tbe ocean, these objections might be obvi-
ated by the India rubber bathing apparatus, and all the
advantages gained. — Boston Medical and Surgical Jour-
tmf.

STR.IWBERRY PLANTS.

For Sale, at New England Seed ytore, 51 and 52 Norlh
Market street, the followinjr kinds of Strawberry Plants.
some of them new and lino varieties. Orders are solicited
early.

PRICE pr doz
25

Chili,

.\ipiue,

.VIetlneii Cnstle,

VVliite Chili

Chili Large Scarlet,

Wilmot,

Keen's Seedling, -

Dowiiton,

Mulberry,

Bath Scarlet,

Roseberry,

English Red Wood,

do. White do.
Pine Apple,
Hautbois,
Monthly White Bush,

do. Scarlet do.
Early Virginia,
G'.-nuine Moiitldy .\lpine,
Wellington or Bostock,
Royal Scarlet,
Grove End,
Caroline,
Large Lima,
Large Early Scarlet,
French Musk Hautbois,
Southboro' Seedling,
True prolific Hautbois,
Kneveit's New Pine,
New or Black Haudtols.

25
!i5
25

37^

2.5

23

IS^ea

do. (In.

37,^

50'

50

50

50

50

S^
I 30

;si

! 30

nrlOO

WHITE DUTCH CLOVER.

Just received and (or sale, at the New England Seed Store,
51 ite 52 Norlh Market street — •

1000 lbs. White Daich Clover in prime order, and far supe-
rior to American Seeds, at reduced prices. sop 3

WHITE MULBERRY SEED.

Ju5t r^^ceived White Mulberry Seed, ol' the growth of 1831
saved expressly for the New England Seed Establishment.

GEO. C. BARRETT.

black: sea avheat.

For Sale, 25 bushels of this valuable variety of Winter
Wheat, of which an accouut mav be found in N. E. Farmer,
vol. xi, page IIG. GEO. C. BARRETT,

New England Seed Store

FARMERS ATTEND.

A GENTLEMAN who intends to embark for Europe, in Octo-
ber next, wishes to engage an experienced Farmer to take
charsre of his farm of about forty acres, distant seven mdes
from Roston. Said farm is easy of cultivation, is in ^ood or-
der.well stocked, and has a house upon it, in wliUh said farmer
could reside.

Liberal wages will be paid, but no person need apply unless
he can give the best recommendations, and has a practical
knowled,^e of his business. Apply at this office. eptf jyiy

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

200 boxes very thick— for sale by LORING &. KUPFER,

No 10 Merchant's Row.

PATENT GRATER CIDER MILL.

DANIEL LELANU havmg purchased the patent of the
above-named Ahlls, would call ilje attention of Farmers and
others in this vicinity, to the undersigned ceriilicates of their
merits, and feels coalident that they are superior to any other
lu use. for grinding apples.

These MilU are drawn by one horse. Six, eight, ten, and
twelve feci wheels are used, some with one and some two
drums. They may be placed iu a building, and so fixed as to
grind upon the press, or into a trough, liie lolluwiiig ceriili-
cates will probably give the public some proof of their value.

" Tins niav ceriily, that we the Subscribers have made use
of Joel Farnum's Patent Grater Cider Mill, for three years past.
We j^rind a cheese of cider la one quarter of the time we did
tu the old mill j it grinds belter, makes more and better cider ;
we gi iud upon the press, and save the shoveling of the pumice,
aud the juice may be extracted iu less time.

John Clakk, "Id.

Medway, August 3, 1833. James 1*. Clakk."

" This may certify, that we the Subscribers have used the
above-named machine for three years last past, and approve of
the plan of grinding apples. We save one third part of labour
and time in grinding and laying up a cheese of cider. It grinds
better than the old mills generally do, the cider is clearer and
contains less sediment j the cider is pressed out in less time,
and the mills are kept in repair at less expense than the old
mills. Aakon Leland,

Sherburne, Aug. 9, 1833. Joseph R. Lelakd."

''This may certify, that I have assisted in the making of ci-
der in the above-named mills, aud consider it a valuable im-
provement in ihe making of cider. At one lime we gruund and
laid lip, apples sulVicient for eight barrels of cider, in forty
minutes, by the watch. We save one half of the lime, iu
grinding and laying up the cheese.

Sherburne, Aug. I*, lti;i3. Jotham W. Rogers."

For fiullier pariiculars, apply to J. R. NEWELL, Agricul-
tural Warehouse, where Mills are on hand or will be furiiished
at ihort notice, or to DANIEL LELAND, Sherburne.

P. S. — D. L. will furnish the iforse Power and Mills, and
set them up for ^75, and tind ail materials necessary — any dis-
tance wulun 20 miles of Sherburne, Mass.

Sherburne, Aug. 13, 1S34.- eopGw

SEEDS, Cfor fall sowing)

For Sale, at the New England Seed Store, connected
with the N. E. Farmer office, 51 «fc 52 Noiih Market street.

White Portugal Union Seed — Silver Skin, do. — Fall or
Prickly Spinach — Black Spanish or Winter Radish — Celery,
&.C. &'c. aug 13

SEEDS, ifor West Indies, &c.>

Merchants and masters of vessels, aud other-; iradlngto the
West Indies, South America, tfcc. can be furnishrrd wiih boxes
of seeds, assorted and suitable for those markets, a ^-i and g5
per box.

Also smaller assortments at gl per box.

ENGLISH WORKS OX AGRICULTURE.

Ur. Dickso.s's- Practical Agriculture, in two vohinics, 12G0
pages, with numerous engravings and colored plates.

Complete Farmer, or general dictionary of Agriculture and
Husbandry, with many engravings, in 2500 pages.

The Complete Grazier with plates, second iiand-^d, fion pages.

The above will be .<old very low, having been partiillv iMfA.
July llMh. GEO. C. BARRETT.

JUST PUBLISHED,

The TEMPERANCE FAMILY ALMANAC, for 1835,

and for sale in any quantilv. at Ihe office of the New Kiiglaud
Farmer— price 6 cts. single, ^3 per hundred.

FRESH GARDEN SEEDS, 1834.

The Subscriber is now daily receiving his
supplies ol Garden Seeds, growtli 1834, of which
arc various sorts of runup. Cabbage, Spinage,
&:c. tfec. It is the determination to send nothing
but what he is willing to warrant; a great proportion of the
vegetable seeds are grown in our own climate, and which are
much superior to the general run of foreign seeds. The varie-
ties of Turnip Seed now in proper season to sow, will be found
superior to any imported, with the single exception of Rula
Baga — one pound of well saved American seed is worth three
of loreign, for this plain reason, that the seed saved here (at
least what is grown under my direction) is li'oni selected or
transplanted Turnips, by which process every impure sort is
thrown out, aud only the ftiirest sorts saved — whereas in Eu-
rope they generally leave the Turnips in the field all winter,
which are often much injured by severe rains and spring frosls,
and cannot in the nature of things produce as pure seed as a
well housed root, and this is the reason why it costs us five
times as much to get it raised here as to import it j it is not ne-
cessary to slate who is benefiiled by it; certainljy die farmer
who depends on a full and genuine crop of this nutritive root —
someot the finest sorts and which are ol the quality stated, are the
large White Norfolk, Rula Baga or Russia Turnip; While Flat
Dutch. Red and Green Top, Yellow Aberdeen or Bullocks,
Yellow Stone. Swan's Egg (a choice son), Long Yellow
French : also, Long Tankard, or Rat Tail. Togedier with
several fancy sorts, as Yellow Malta, Garden Stone, Dale's
Hybrid, &:c.

Conslanlly on hand, a full assortment of such Garden Seeds
as are adapted lo a VVest India climate ; assortments suitable
for the I-sInnU* of Bermuda, Jamaica, St. Croix, &.c. made up
on short notice; also, choice Flower Seeds, tor the same cli-
mates.

The collection of Green House Plants is select, embracing
all the finer varieties of the Camellia Japonica, 50 sorts;
Pelargeninms, 80 sorts; Fuchsias, Jasmines, Ixoras, China
Roses, Salvia fllexicana, Slc. can be viewed with comfort un
dor spacious awnings. Also, a great variety of lancy articles
for the Garden, the Conservatory, the Boudoir, &,e.'beaulitul
painted Flower Glasses, China Pots. Polished Slcel Latlics'
Garden Implements, Grass Cutlers, Silver Steel Scythes, La
dies' Transplanting Trov\els, Grecian Vases, from ^'4-0 to JJuO
the pair.

Bird seed of every sort, Chinese Gnid Fish. &.c.

aug. 27. GEORGE C. THORBURN, 67 Liberty St.

New York

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE

Apples, rus
Bkans, white,

BfcEF, me.is, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

* prime,

Beeswax, (American) ....
BuTTEK, inspected, No. l^new,

Cheese, new milk,

skiminetl milk, ....

Feathers, northern, geese, . . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseel),

Flour, Genesee, . . . ca>-h.
Baltimore, Howard str. new
Balliniore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, norlliern yellow, . .
southern yellow, . .

while,

Rye, Noiiheni, ....

Barley,

Oat.s, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality

2d quality

Lard, Boston, I>;i sort

Southern, 1st .sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . . .

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass.inspec.,extraclear, .

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, ....

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, northern, . . .

Red Clover, northern, . .

White Dutch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried, .......

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,

Amei-icanjfuH blood,wa<;hed
do. 3-Hhs do.
do. \-t do.

do. I-4andcommon
Native washed, ....

„ I'PulIec^superfine, ,
J^-r list Lambs, . - .
1=1 2d '' . . .

^ ^ I 3d ^ '' ...

2 i 1 St Spinning. . . .

Southern pulled wool is generally
5 cts. less per lb.

FROM

barrel

2 00

bushel

2 2J

bane]

9 ot

*'

7 50

"

6 60

pound

18

13

o

'*

.■?A

37

"

s;;

pound

y

bu.shel

1 25

barrel

3 62

"

5 37

5 23

"

3 -a

oushel

76

"

72

"

71

ii

70

"

60

'i

41

ton

20 00

■'

13 00

"

10 00

gallon

40

pound

12

'*

10

pound

#7

tt

■ 17

lb.

10

pound

15

lb.

ISi

pound

21

''

20

cask

85

barrel

17 00

it

13 00

"

#

bushel

2 37

"

75

pound

8

"

25

CWl

7 00

60

pound

50

"

43

'<

35

*'

30

tt

38

tt

50

tt

40

tt

37

t ■

20

"

35

TO

2 .00
2 75
iO Oo
8 UO
7 00
22
15

.JO

37

10

1 37

5 73

5 30
5 3?

72

71

63

42

21 OOf

1+ 00

12 00

50

14

\i

%

^*

12

17

20
23

90
13 00

2 5fl

87

'J

31

.7 50
70
60
4S
40
53
40
32
42
40
S.'i
40

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRItfS.

Ha?.is jiiortlicrn,

southern,

Pork, whole hog^s

PouLTRV, (uncerlain) ....

Butter, (tub)

lump, new,

Ec.cs,

Potatoes, (new)
CiiiKR, (new.)

pound

9A

10

g

«

6k

7

14

17

20

23

dozen

16

17

bushel

37

5U

barrel

2 00

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Sept. 1, 1.834.
(leporteil for the Daily Aiivertiser ;ind Patriot.

.\t Market S40 Beef Cattle, 770 Stores, 4450 sheep, and
400 swino. Several lots and parts of lots Beef Cattle, a few
hundred .Stores, and several lots of sheep remain unsold.

Pkicrs, Beef t\ittle — Prices have dechned .since last
week (say 25c per hundred) ^3 was the highest sale we notic-
ed 5 some drovers refused lo take that for their best, and have
them now on hand. We quote prime 4 73 a 5 ; good at 4 a
4 30; thin at 3 23 a 3 73.

Stores. — Nearly all at market were from the State of Maine,
and our prices will apply to cattle from tliut quarter. We
quote yearlings al — a ^ j l«y yeard — a — ; three year .
old—.

Several yoke of working oxen were sold at from 40 to ^65.

S/Kep— '"' Dull." We noticed one lot of 100, mo^lof which
were small and thin, taken at 51*'3ch; lots also. were taken
at I 42, I 62, 1 r>7, 1 84, 1 U2, 2. 2 17 and 2 33. Wethers &\, 2,
2 25. 2 67, and ,?:?.

Sicine — One lot, of 100 were taken at 4J ; one small lot se-
lected sows at 4 3-4, and a lot of selected barrows at 5 3-4 ; a
lot of old sivinc at 4 1-2 for sows and 5 for barrows ; al retail,
5, 5 1-2 and 6 for sows ; 6, 6 1-2 and 7 c (or barrows, varying
according to size and quality.

64

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

SEFTESIBER 3r IS34,

MISCELLANY.

From the Boston Courier.
" THE HUCKLEBERRY PROIiIC."

Now, liappily fiiiislied ilie labors of baying,
A day we devote to tliversion and playiiij;;
Men, women and children repair to the ground,
Wiicre sui)erabuiidanl ripe berries are found.
In carryalls clieerful old grantiparcnts ride,
^^''llilc siniiing graudciiildren rejoice by tiieir side,
On fool each old inaiil an old bachelor drives.
And lovers and husbands lead su'eelhearts and wives.
See, here are the blackberries, here are the blue,
And here Ihiinbleberries and raspberries too,
And berries by Yankees o'er all other prized,
'* Kucklcberrics," by pious Ibrefatliers baptised.
Antony the full bushes all spread, gay as larks,
\Vitli tin pails and measures, and baskets and barks,
In groups or in pairs, or alone, just as suits
Their fancy, while siripping by handfuls the fruits.
The grandparents sit on the grass, at their ease,
Beneath long-remenibcred, wide. spreading oak trees,
White each little grandchild full eagerly pushes.
To break and bringjto tliem the fruit-laden bushes.
'Tis noon — and behold all are resting and munching,
111 every <lirection tlivir plain, wholesome luncheon.
While talking, and |oking and laughing abound.
And bills, rocks and caverns re-echo the sound.
Here boys, take your buckets, and speedily bring
The pure " Adam's ale" from yon bubbling spring,
So sweet and so cool, so delicious and nice,
'Twere wicked to mar it witli blood chilling ice.
Noifr all are refreshed, all again are equipt;
And of their plump berries the bushes arc strlpt ;
The sun is descending, re-harnessed the horses.
To home, sweet home, all have taken their courses.
Sonio berries are eaten, some spread out to dry,
To mix with their Thanksgiving pudding and pie,
A feast for true temperate Yankees alone, —
To gluttons and epicures wholly unknown.

TO aUI-IBT,

BY K. L.BUI.VVER.

TiiE summer — the summer hath come, my love.

And the ringdove found his bride —
Not a flower below, not a beam above.

But iloth thy coyness chide.
I have loved thee well — I have loved thee long,

I ha\'e loved thyself alone ;
There lived not a thought in my burning song,

Tljat my heart did not more than own.
rje mine — be mine while the hours allow

My life to be vowed to thee !
For the leaves of ray youth are round me now —

Dui the worm is in the tree.

And the linte sweet love, is speeding fast.

When the vow .'shall be e»cr o'er —
When thy faithful fountain dried at last,.

Shall leap to the breeze no more.
He mnie — be mine, ere hath passed away.

The scent from life's closing flowers ;
And some time hence i! will soothe to say,

" 1 blest his latest hours."

WOMEN

— Ark forineil for nttai-linieiit. Their fjr.niitiKlB is
iiiiiiiilK-nchnlilc. Tliuir love is an iiuccafiiig Ibiiii-
taiii of ilclight ti) tlic man wlio lias once mtuinod
it, «ml Unov\'H iiow to deserve it. I5iit lliat very
kocmiess oC .sciisil)iliiy vvliicli, if well cultivated
would prove tlie source of yotir liiglicst ciijoytiient,
may fjrow to liitterness and wormwood if y(,ii fail
lo alleiid to it or nlmsg it. — Ettrick Shepherd.

A wife causes the pi'ospeiity or downfal of n
liousc.

IVASHINGTON'S TRUE GREATKESS.

When Colonel Washington was stationed at
Ale,\andria, in 1754, there was an election for
nieinlters of the Assembly, when Mr. W. Payne
opposed the candidate supported liy Washington.
In the cotifse of the contest, Washington grew
warm, and said something offensive to Mr. Payne,
who at 'one hlovv extended him on the grotintl. —
The regiment heard that their Colonel was mur-
dered by the moh, and they were soon imder arnjs
and in rapid motion to tlie town lo inflict punish-
ment on the supposed murderers. To their great
joy he came out to meet them, thanking tlient for
such a proof of attachment, hut conjuring them
hy their love for him, and their duty, to return
peaceably to their barracks. Feeling himself to be
the aggressor, lie resolved to make honorable repar-
ation. Early next morning lie wrote a polite note
to Mr. Payne, requesting to see him at the tavern.
Payne repaired to the place appointed, in e.xpecSa-
tion of a duel, but wlint was his surprise to see
wine and glasses in lieu of pistols. Washington
rose to meet him, and smiling as he oflered his
hand, began " Mr. Payne, to err is nature ; to rec-
tify error is glory. , I believe I was wrong yester-
day ; you have already had some satisfaction, and
if you deem that sufticient here is my hand, let us
be friends." An act of such sublime virtue pro-
duced its proper effect, and Mr. Payne was from that
moment an enthusiastic admirer of Washington.

L.AWS AND CUSTOMS.

A FARMER in Hiimpsbire county, who died ma-
ny years since, acquired a large estate by industry
and economy. He had 10 or 12 sons (our inform-
ant, we think, mentioned the latter number,) and
was able to give every son a farm and a gooti set-
ting out in the world. At the present time, every
sun living is poor, and those who are dead left no
(iroperty. Whether they lost their estates by bad
calculations, foolish speculations, extravagant liv-
ilig, intemperance or misfortunes, we know not.
Our obJQct in noticing this family, is to show that
many of the evils of society are not brought upon
lis by legislation and cannot bo remeilied by legis-
lation. The people should look well to the law-
makers and see that no unequal or iiernicious laws
are enacted ; and they should endeavor to effect a
repeal or modification of all mischievous laws.
Rut if they stop here they will accomplish but
little. Our customs, liabits and practices, which
no legislature can regulate, have more influence
U[>nn otir weal and woe than any legislative acts.
But little of the ijoverty and misery that exist in
the State can be attributed to legislation. We
should strive to reform all that is wrong in the

gover ent ; but this will not avail mucli unless

we reform ourselves, families, neighborhoods and
to WHS. — Hampshire Gazelle.

A PITHV SERMON.

TiiK following pithy sermon from a pithy text,
has been published in ICn-ghmd, and has met with
a very extensive circulation in that country. It
comes directly home to men's business and bosoms,
and every man should rcail it and treasure it in his
memory. — Temperance Journal.

" BE SOBER, GRAVE, TEMPERATE." TituS ii.2.

L There arc three conqianions with whom you
should always keep on good terms —
1st. Your Wife,
2d. Your Stomach,
3d. Your Conscience.

IL If you wish to enjoy peace, long life, ai«iS
happiness, preserve tliein by Tempera34«e.
Intemperance produces,

1st. Domestic Misery,
2d. Premature Deatiiy
3d. Inlidelity.
To make these three points clear, I refer you,
1st. To the Newgale Calendar, the Old Bailey
Chionii-le, and the Police Reports.

2d. To the hosi)itals,.lunalic asylums, ajid vtork-
liouses, and

3d. To the past experience of what you have;
seen, read and suffered, in mind, body, and estate,

CAUSE AND EFFECT.

A BARREL of gin was accidentally left exposed
on the Pier, on Monday night. In the morning, it ■
was discovered tliat the bung had been worked
out, and about a gallon of gin had decanted. A
sliort time afterwards the body of an nnknowii
inan was found in the bttsin, a few rods above llie
|)lace where the giii cask was exposed. — Alhanif
Eveniiiij: Jour.

FRUIT TREES.

Ornamkntal trees, KOSES, FLOWER-
ING PLANTS, &c. NuRSERV of WILLIAM
KENKICK in Newton, b^veiks from Boston

bij the Citij Hints, and \ a mite from tlie Woieesti^r

Ruit lUuui.

A rare collection of Fruit trees, Trees and shrubs of orna-
ment, Ko.ses, Dahlias, &c. This Nursery now covers com-
pactly, the most part of IS acres j and includes of Trees and
plants in clitTerent stages oCgrowtii, from two to lliiee hundrctl
thousand. Ohiew celebrated Pears alone, 150 kinds, a part of
which having been already proved in ourclimaie, are espec-
ially rccomineneed. Of Peaches, a Capital Collection, for
extensive numbers and fine kinils — .Apples — Cherries — Plums
— Nectarines — Apricots — Almonds — Quinces — Giapc Vines
' — Currants — Raspberries — Gooseberries — Strawberries — Figs,
&c. — .Selections irom the best varieties known.

Montis Ali'LTicAULis, OK New Chinese Mulberry, so
celehraied for the food of silkworms.

Of ROSES. A superb collection of from 300 lo 400 hardy
and China varieties ; from numerous importations, and fust
rate sources. White Flowering Horse Chesnuts, Weeping
Willows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Silver Firs, Venetian Su-
mach. Altheas, Honeysuckles, Azaleas, &:c. &c. — in all, of
Ornamenlal trees, and shrubs, GoO varieties. Of Herbace-
ous flowering Plants, 300 choice varieties, including tiie finest
kinds of Pceonies, and 100 splendid varieties of Double Dahlias -
Gentlemen are' invited to forward their orders early in A\\-
tuinn, being an excellent season for transplanting. Aiklress
to WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton. Trees, &c. delivered in
liostoii free o( charge for transportation, and suitably packed,
and from thence when ordered duly forwarded, by laini or sea.
Or orders will receive the same attention it left with Geo. (_'.
PiAitRETT, who is agent, at his seed store aiul New Englam
Farmer Onice, Nos. 51 & 52, North Mark«t Street, Bosto::.
Catalogues gratis on application. .le 2,t

THE NE1V ENGI..\ND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at ,§3 per annum
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay withia
sixty days from the lime oisubscribing,are entilledto a deduc-
tion of fifty cents.

[O^ No paper will be sent to a distance without payment;
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
Ac)/' York — G. C. Thokhlikn , 07 Liberty-street.
Alliiinij — Wm. THcJKEUKN,3n Market-Street.
Philadelphia — D. & C. Landkkth, 85 Chesnut-strecl.
Balliinore — I. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farme/.
Ciiieinnati — S. C. Parkhukst, 23 Lower Market-street.
Flushing;, N. y. — Wbi. I'iunce & Sons, Prop. Lin. Bot. Cat.
Middl.-hiiry, Vt. — 'SV'k.ht Chapman, Merchant.
I lar!f)}rd — GooiJWiN & Co. Booksellers.
jXnrhnnjport — Ebenezer Stedman. liooksellcr.
I'urtsmouth, N. II.—.}. W. Foster, liookseller.
Aiii^u.^ta, Me. — \\'iLi,Ai{n Sneli., Druggist,
H'oodslurk. 17.— .1. A. Pratt.

Portland. Me. — Coi.iuan, Holden & Co. Booksellers.
Uai>'.^or, Me. — Wm. Mann, Druggist.

Ihill/d.x, A. j^. — P.. I. Hollanli, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
St. J.ouis — Geo. IIoeton.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Forh & Damkem,
u'lio execute every description of Book and Fancy Frint-
Ina in good style, and with promptness. Orders for print-
ing may he left with Geo. C. Barrett, at tiie Agricul-
tural Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

PUHLISHKD BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehoo8e.)-T. G. FESSENDEN EDITOR.

VOL. XIII,

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, 1834.

NO. 9.

COMMUNICATION.

F^or the New England Fanner.
HOW TO RAISE THREE CROPS PROM OKCE
PLrOUeHING.

In my comtriuniciilion ptililislied in the N. E.
Farmer of Nov. 22.1, 1832, vol. xith, p. 1.54, I
only gave you the result of the first of the three
crops, hut think I promised to give you furtlr„r
inforui:Uion, shouUI it he necessary. And I am
now happy to .say that after the turnips the two
otiier crops have succeeded well last year, 1833 ;
llie grain sowed on them looked very well in the
spring, and all who saw it anticipated a large crop ;
but towards harvest although there was a good
growth the stalks looked thin, and at harvest the
timothy was as tall as the grain and in some in-
stances overtopped it. The crop however was a
good one in quality and a iiiiddling one in quantiiy.
It appeared in harvesting that owing to the grass
liaving been sown at the same time with the grain,
and so early that it had too iDuch possession of
the ground and bound it up which prevented the
grain from tillering. This, however, might be ob-
viated, by sowing 2 bushels of grain instead of 5
or 6 pecks to the acre, or by sowing the gr;iss
seed later than the grain, or in the spring. I did
not grnilge the loss of part of my crop of grain,
because my grass had now in the fall got full |)os-
session of the ground, and the straw was nearly
one third timothy, and this summer I have luir-
vested the 3d crop, and the hay was tiie largest
and thickest of any meadow that I have i.i any
time laid down or cultivated, and it promises to
give as good a crop for a number of years, and tlie
sward which is entirely covered feels quite light
under the foot. B.

Bridgeport, Slst .litgust, 1834.

closer contact, the laws of their cohesive attraction
are enabled to operate, and a union of these gases
gradually taking place in the proper juices, as they
descend I'rom the leaf in their appropriate vessels,
until arriving in their descent at the receptacle
formed for the grain, where an oxyikition of the
juices takes place in such a degree as to form mu-
cilage, starch, saccharine matter, &c. which we
have already shown may be converted into sugar
liy the adilition of a sujall proportion of oxygen.
It will be seen by this view, that the nutritious
panicles must be first elaborated in the leaf, and
return to the ear before the corn can be formed ;
and consequently, nourishment to the ear is de-
rived from that portion of the stalk which is above
it, and can receive no further aid from the stalk
after the operation of topping the corn in the usual
way. The sap which is taken up by the root after
the excision close to the ear, is all evaporated at
the wound inflicted by the operation, and cannot
benefit the grain.

We will advert to this subject again in future,
and will probably make it appear, that the [lortion
of stalk below the ear contains much more nutri-
ment than the part which by so much labor is
saved in the present mode of curing fodder, and
even more nourishment than a crop of clover that
the same ground would produce.

The best way decidedly, of using this marl is as
a top-dressing on clover, and then turning in the
sward while the grass roots are still full of sap.

We have known land that would produce noth-
ing but the poorest pasture, after dressing with ten
cart-loads of marl to the acre, produce the follow-
ing season, one and a half tons of hay.

Dr. Diicatel has promised us spe(!imens of the
difl'erent kinds of marl lie has discovered, and we
have taken measures to obtain some specimens of
tlie Jersey marl beds, that we may by comparison
determine their similarity.

Front the Hiillimore Farmer.
CORN-STALK FODDER.

We give on another page of our paper an ex-
tract from the N. E. Farmer, on the subject of
saving corn fodder; whicli we recommend to the
attention of our readers.

The season is now ajiproaching, when that busi-
ness will commence ; and from the long drought
of the season, the crop of grass must be very short,
which will give to the corn fodder an unusual
value. We had by physiological reasoning on the
functions of leaves, and other parts of the plant,
come to the same conclusion which is proved by
the experiment of Mr. Clark, in the essay alluded
to ; though we have never before seen the result
of direct experiment on the point of the crop of
corn being injtired by topping in the usual way.
The sap of the plant is carried from the root in its
sppropriate vessels, through the stalk to the leaf,
where it is spread out on an extended surface for
the purpose of evaporation. The leaves here per-
form the same office for the plant which the kid-
nies do in the animal system, by carrying off the
aqueous particles from the blood, and fitting it for
assimilation. The sap carrying in solution the
gases which compose the substance of the grain,
is exposed in the cells of the leaf to the action of
lijiht, heat, and electric fluid ; and having parted
with the surplus watery particles by evaporation,
and brought the oxygen, hydrogen and carbon in

From the sam4.
GOOD NEWS FROAI THE LOWER COUNTIES.

Dr. Ducatel visited oiif office a few days ago
on his return from his Geological survey of the
Eastern Shore and Lower Counties of Maryland.
He informs us, that he has discovered marl in "-reat
abundance on the banks of rivers in Calvert and
Charles counties, and on the Eastern Shore. If
this discovery is turned to its proper use by the
farmers, who have it in their neighborhood, it will
be of nmch more value to the country than the
gold ndnes of Georgia and otlier slates where that
mineral has been found, will ever be. If this
marl should turn out to be as beneficial to the soil
as that with which we have been acquainted for
the last fifteen years in the state of New Jersey, it
will, if properly applied, quadruple the value of
their land in five years.

There is great variety in the quality of marl ;
some abounds with undecomposed shell, so as to
require burning, and will be little diftijrent in its
eflfects from the hydrate of lime ; marl of other
kinds is composed of disintegrated shells, which
have been decomposed by some acid supplied by
the earth, and where this acid is the sulphurous,
the marl is essentially the same as plaster of paris.

We have known an experiment with the Jersey
marl on potatoes — A piece of ground was selected
for the purpose : one portion was planted without
manure, another with the usual quantity of stable
manure, and a third with marl — It is many years
ago, and the quantity yielded is not now recollect-
ed, hut the size of the potatoes in the difl'erent ex-
periments is quite fresh in our recollection. Those
without manure were little larger than hickory
nuts ; those with the manure were tolerably fair
potatoes, about the usual size ; those produced by
the marl were very large, and one being weighed
reached the weight of 1 lb. 4 oz.

VETCHES, &c. PLOUGHED IS.

Under this article may be inchnled all sorts of
green manure. Amongst the most active parts
employed as manure, I have found the wild spe-
cies of the genus Sina[iis, ploughed in fresh in the
bottom of turnip drills, at the rate of twenty tons
per acre. The produce brought by auction £12,
while the rest of the field manured with twenty
tons of farm-yard dung, brought only from £9 to
£10 per acre. Other weeds, such as nettles, this-
tles, ragwort, &c. produce crops superior to farm-
yard dung. Potato stems, fresh ploughed in on
clover lea for wheat, I have found to produce
crops exceeding by two bolls per acre in quantity,
with more proportionate weight of straw, the oth-
er parts of the same field manured with farm-yard
dung, but otherwise under the same circumstan-
ces. The Ktems from three acres of good pota-
toes,.will i.janui-B an acre for wheat to much bet-
ter purpose than 15 tons of fiirm-yard dung, the
usual quantity allowed in that part of the rotation ;
clover after wheat beiiig the crop which generally
precedes fallow. Under the head of " green ma-
nure," I may mention an experiment I this year
made with pea-straw converted into dung without
the aid of cattle. Having something of that sort
on hand about the middle of last May, and being
in want of some loads of manure to finish a pota-
to field, I had the peas thrashed at the mill, and
the straw and chaft" carried to the side of the pota-
to field, and made up like a large hot-bed, giving
each layer of straw an ample watering. Fermenta-
tion soon commenced : and by the fifth day the mass
was so far decomposed as to be easily filled into
the carts. The eflluvium in filling was almost in-
tolerable. It was in this state laid in the bottom
of the drills ; the sets of potatoes were planted
above, and the earth ploughed over the whole.
Notwithstanding the dry nature of the ground, anil
the dry state of the weather in the summer months,
the part of the field manured with decomposed
pea-straw yielded abetter return than where fariu-
yard dung was applied. — Loudon.

MARCH OF IMPROVEMENT.

A distinguished French citizen has founded an
establishment for the preparation of food, to supply
the inhabitauts of Paris with good dinners ready
cooked, at their doors. Vehicles loaded with vict-
uals are to ply the streets at all hours. " Behind
these vehicles will be very splendid beufets filled
with pullets, chickens, and game of every sort, &c.
ready for the spit. A trumpet will announce the
approach of the gastronomic omnibus, and will
probably attract numerous purchasers."

C6

^EW ENGLAND KARMEK,

SEPTEMBER 10, 1S34.

From the N. Y. Courier Sf Eiu/nirer.
GEOLOGY.
We feel imicli gratified at llie [irosperoiis ap-
-peanince of the Balliniore Union Lvceiirii. It is
one part of tlie plan of tills association to procure
specimens in Geoli)f;y unci Botany of all lliat can
be found within a circle of five miles ronnd Calli-
more, and in all cases to obtain duplicates or trip-
licates of each artirle, that they may have speci-
mens to exchange with other lycenms at a dis-
tance, for such articles as do not exist in this place.
It is evident that this plan if persevered in, will in
B short time present ns with a cabinet of minerals
and a hortns siccus that may contain a specimen
of every mineral and valuable plant in the United
States. This would form a most valuable auxilia-
ry in education and in the arts, as well as in agri-
culture. No class of persons would he more ben-
fitted by such information than the farmers. We
will give an instance in point.

About twenty-five or thirty years ago, an Eng-
lish gentleman, who was on a visit to Philadelphia,
took a ride into the country on the Jersey side of
the Delaware. About 14 miles south of the city,
he discovered large banks of a black earth — on
riding up to the tavern he intpiired of some per-
sons if they knew what was in those banks? No
one knew there was any thing of value contained
in them. He told them that those hanks were of
more value than the mines of Peru ; that it was
marl ; and informed them how to use it. It was
used and found to be an invahnible manure. If
we were to say that ibis piece of geological infoi-
niation had been worth a million of dollars to that
•state, we should be fir below what has been real-
ized. Whole districts have been reclaimed from
the most perfect sterility, to become the most lux-
uriant meadows, by the use of this marl. So
niucl) for a knowledge of Geology.

houses. If a farmer should attempt to expostu-
late with you, give him a little of the science.

In the choice of dogs be very particular. —
The bull dog and common cur are the best, the
one for defemling you against intruders, and the
other for keeping away the shot.

Pay no regard to orchards anil gardens, fruit and
vegetables are worth nothing now, and a sparrow
is not to he sneezed at. — S/iy.

STRAWBERRY WOMEN.

The women employed in gathering and con-
veying strawberries to London cannot lie estimated
at less, during the lime they are in season, than
two thousand persons. Part of these are the in-
habitants of the adjacent towns, but a great num-
ber of them are young women who migrate annu-
ally from Worcestershire, Shropshire and Wales,
and after the strawberries, raspberries, currants
and gooseberries are passed, return to the country
in time to assist at their harvest, having usually
during their migration saved enough to buy a
good stock of clothes, and to lay by some money
towards their support during the following winter.
They are in general very industrious, neat, and
well conducted in their behavior.

HINTS TO SPORTSMEN.

This being the season for sho<iting birds, cows,
and other animals, not excluding sometimes full
grown chililren, a few general hints for the de-
partment of the field may be serviceable — so here
they are :

Ifyou are going more than a mile from home,
and there are three of yon, take a gig — it cuts a
dash, and saves shoe leather.

Carry plenty of salt with you, for such game as
Muscovy Ducks can be caught by sprinkling it upon
their tails.

lie sure and let the muzzle of your guns project
a quarter of a yard eai-li out of the gig, to shovv
all the people on the road that you are sportsmen,
anil know a thing or two.

On no accomil shoot game until you have got
beyond the outskirts of the city, tor the game may
be diseased.

Take aim vrilh both eyes shut — for the birds
thinking that you cannot see them, will not lake
the trouble to fly away.

Take care that you do not shoot a cow or hog,
insleail of the sparrow you aim at.

If a tom-tit sImiuM stand in your way, do not
shoot it, liir powder and shot cost money ; but
knock its brains out with the butl-end of your gun.

The guns of least repute among our common
sportstiieli are the best, lltiise thai sculler their shots
the widest, as there is more chance of hitting the
object ; for il one won't, anolliei; will.

Good ducking may be had near any of the f..iiii

Frofn the Genesee Farmer.
CtJIiTIRE OP CUCUMBERS.

It was not until a few days past that I received
the I81I1 No. of the Genesee Farmer, in which
there is a very interesting communication on the
culture of melons. I design now only to say a
few words respecting the advantages of using
stgiw in trenches according to the recommenda-
tion of Judge Buel — a suggestion with which I
was equally pleased with D. T. — and these simply
in reference to the raising of cucumbers. J\iy ob-
ject however is to draw the conclusion that simi-
lar results may be attained by a like preparation
for any other vines belonging to the same natural
family.

Cucuiidiers are very diflicult to grow in our
gardens to any extent, in this part of the country.
As soon as I he vines arrive at a bearing state, and
produce a scanty supply, they begin to sink under
the cfliirt and speedily liecome exhausted. It is
only in low moist places that we can raise them
plentifully.

Early in the spring I had a small jiiece of
ground prepared in my garden, by digging a trench
about twelve inches wide and as many deep ; and
not more than thirty feet in length — in the buttom
of which fresh straw wan laid and maile compact
to the depths of two or three inches. The earth
was then replaced, raising it high enough to form
a gentle ridge. Thirteen vines survived the inju-
ries of the frost and insects, and the product of
these was indeed extraordinary. I can safely say
that we gathered several 6i;,9/tti6- of cucumbers from
them. They began to bear early, continued to
grow luxuriantly for a length of time ; and have
at last only given way beneath the intense fervor
of the dog days.

My obji'ct as I have stated, in detailing the suc-
cesfful rrsiill of this trial, is to show that the same
prepar.itinii hIII doubtless be well adapted to the
);riiwili of melons. The quality of the melons
will piolialily be also rendered more delicious than
liy the free use of manure — a practice which how-
ever it may increase the number, must always ma-
ti'rially impair the excellence of a fruit of such
delicate and exquisite flavor.

In making these remarks, it is far lioin my in-
tention to detract from the merits of the other
modes recommended by D. T. They are at least
highly valuable, inasmuch as they will insure an
abundant supply of melons at an earlier period of
the season. The mode I have detailed may be a
u.seful auxiliary in contributing to a succession.

Beaverdam, la. Brno. 20lh. T. S. P.

ITEMS DP ECONOMY, &c.

Steel Busks. It is extremely prolialile that what-
ever conducts the electricity of the body from it,
will occasion direct debility. With this view, I
have long lieen in the habit of causing females,
who use steel supports in their stays, to lay them
altogether aside. The experiments on Caspar Hau-
ser coiifinii this supposition. — Med. Quarterly.

Balm blossoms, steeped in water, color a pretty
rose color. This answers very well for the linings
of children's bonnets, for ribbons, &c. It fades
in the course of one reason, but it is very little
trouble to re-color with it. It merely requires to
be steeped and strained. Perhaps a small piece of
alum might serve to set the color, in some degree,
in earthen or tin.

While ma|)le bark makes a good light brown
slate color. This should be boiled in water, set
with alum. The color is reckoned better when
boiled in brass instead of iron. — F. H.

The purple paper, which comes on loaf sugar,
boiled in cider, or vinegar, with a small bit of
alum, makes a fine purple slate color. Done in
iron.

H'onl. Mr. Grant, of Walpole, N. H. sold a lot
of full blood Saxony a few days since at .'jjl ; the
highest price vve have heard of in this region.
From the Saxony fleeces, however, all but the fin-
est wool is picked out before selling : and the
amount of fine wool obtained from each sheep is
not generally, we are told, more than a pound
and a half. — Franklin Mercuri/.

Oil Sonp. Take of white soap cut fine, two
ounces ; alcohol one pint ; oil of rosemary 1-4 of
an ounce ; mix and set the bottle in the sun till
the sonp is dissolved. Useful forreinovinggrea.se,
paint, &c. from cloth or silk, also in strains, swel-
lings, rheumatism, &c.

Cure for a Burn. Scrape the inside of a pota-
to ; mix oil and tur|ientine so as to make a poul-
tice of the mixture, atiil apply it to the burn im-
mediately, and it will extract the heat.

Eldcrherry Syrup. Take of the juice of Elder-
berry one quart; boil it to one pint ; strain and
add two pounds of double refined sugar; agaiti
place it over the fire ; so soon it sliall have boiled
remove it from the fire, and when cold bollle it for
use taking care to have it well covered. With a 1
less quantity of sugar there will be danger of its
becoming mouldy. As a gentle purgative, this
syrup is an excellent medicine, of very pleasant
taste, and is peculiarly serviceable to children who
are not easily induced to take common medicine.
The dose for an adult is a wine-glass full.

Remedies against Rats and Mice. Take a spoon-
ful of flour mixed with some scrapings of old
cheese, and seeds of hemlock, (cicuta) made as fine
as possible. Set it where the mice haunt. If it
lie set in a house let it not be in the same apart-
ment with any thing which is food for man.
This mixture, according to Deane's New England
Farmer, will ilestroy all the mice which have ac-
cess to it ; and the same poison will destroy rats.

VOL. XIH. NO. 9.

AND TIOllTFClILTllUAL JOURNAL.

67

Remedi) for Vermin in Skeep. Mr. Ci>ke's ib-
c.ei|)t for dressing all his flocks previous lo winter,
was as follows: Two ponnds of tohacro, two
pounds anil a half of soft soa|), one pound of
white mercury in powder ; lioil in eight gallons of
water one hoiH' ; part the wool once down each
shoulder ami the hreast, and twice along each
side, into which pour it; tliisqnantity is enough
for flirty slicep. — Toimg^s .lanals, vol. \9t!i, p. 4iS.

Dairy Secret. Have ready two pans in Imilin;:
water, and on the milk's coming to the daii-y, take
the hot pans out of the water, put the milk into
one ofthern, and cover it with the other. This
will occasion great anginentation in the thickness
and quality of the cream.

Planting Forest Trees. The best lime for plant-
ing acorns, walnuts, as well as pearlies, cherries
and other stone fruits, is in the fall of the year, as
soon as they are ripe. If they are kept long after
heconiing thoroughly ripe, they are apt to lose
their vegetative principle.

Corn Husks for Beds. As soon as the husks of
Indian corn are liilly ripe, they should be gathered
when they are dry and in a clear air. The outer
hard husks are to be rejected, and the stjfter inner
ones to be fully dried in the shade. Qit off the
hard end formerly attached to the cob, and draw
the husk through a hatcliel, or suitably divide it
with a coarse comb. The article is then tit to
use, and may be put in an entire sack as straw is,
or be formed into a mattrass, as prepared hair is.
Any upholsterer can do the work. This material
is sweet, pleasant and durable.

Canker Worms. A gentleman status that in
Plymouth, Massachusetts, they preserve fruit trees
against canker worm.s, by the following nii.xtnre,
used as a substitute for tar. White varnish, soft
soap and whale oil, one third of each mixed and
applied as tar is usually. This mixture is not soon
hardened by the weather, and does not injure the
the trees. Another simple mode of preventing the
ascent of the insects, is to wind a baud of refuse
flax, or swingle tow round the trunk of the tree,
and stick on the hand burdock or chesiiut burrs,
so thick that worms cannot pass between them.

Cockroaches. Take a deep plate or dish, and
nearly (ill the bottom part with iriolasses and M'a-
ter ; set it near their haunts, with some chips from
the shelf to the edge of the dish for the insects to
travel on. In this way they may be caught, and
apparently drowned, but will often revive when
thrown out of the plate. To render their exter-
mination sure, they should be stamped on, or
thrown into a fire.

To Cure a Dysentery. Boil a pint of milk,
which thicken with an egg; add one large spoon-
ful of salt and the same quaniity of allspice.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Lansingburgh, Ath August, 1834.

Dear Sir — Having been presented, by Mr. John
Ball, with a bundle of seeds collected and brought
by him from the Kocky mountains and the shores
of the Colunibia river and its branches, 1 herewith
send you one half of them for an experiment in
Mount Auluirn Garden.

Mr. Ball is a young gentleman of good educa-
tion and resjiectable character, with a mind and
constitution both well calculated for bold and dar-
iug enterprise. He set out nearly three years ago

with a company called, I believe, the Boston Ore-
gon Company, on an expedition over land to the
Columbia river. Before reaching the point tif des-
tination the enterprise was aliaifdoned liy many of
the company. But Mr. B. with a minii firm and
steadfast, persevered through trials and hardships
which those who remain in the abodes of civiliza-
tion can never know ; and aftei' reacliing the mouth
of the Columbia, travelled thence to California,
.ind from thence came by water round Cape Horn,
and a few days since returned to meet the greet-
ings of his many anxious friends in this place.

Whatever may be the intrinsic value of the
seeds, the circumstance of his collecting and car-
rying them about his person through all tiie vicis-
situdes of proliably more than a thousand miles
travel on foot through a dreary wilderness, to bring
them to his country, shows a spirit of patriotism
which few young men possess.

Dear Sir, I remain yours, very respectfully,

Alexander Walsh.
Hon. H. A. S. Dearborn, Pres. Mass. Hort. Soc.

EXHIBITION OF PL,OWERS.

Horticultural Hall, Sept. 6.
Tho. Mason, Charlestovvn Vineyard — variety of
Dahlias, Carnations and other flowers.

E. M. Richards, Dedbam — a fine specimen of
the Datura fastuosa, or the purple thorn apple,
from Egypt.

S. Walker, Roxhury — Dahlias and other va-
rieties.

WiNSHiPS — many kinds.

By order of the Committee,

JoNA. WiNSHip, Chairman.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

From E. Hunt, of Northampton — a new
.Needling Peach, a very fine variety. Also, the
Ditch Apple, an excellent apple for culinary ]iur-
poses.

From R. Manning — the Sugar Pear of Hoyers-
iverda from grafts of trees sent the Society by Mr.

Prince hdienne, Imperatrice d'ete, Frankriel d'ete,

and Bergamotte Rouge Pears ; all excellent varie-
ties. Also, the Swisser Plum and Oslin Apple.

From Thos. Mason — White Cage Plums and
Elriige J^ectarines.

From S. Pond — Duane's Purple Plum, Seed-
ling Peach, and Peart S. Pond.

HORTICULTURAL. EXHIBITION.

A grand exhibition of Flowers, Fruits, Green-
Honse Plants and Shrubs will take place on the
17th, 18lh and 19tli insts. at Faneuil Hall, under
the auspices of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society. Similar exliibitions have been made du-
ring the past year in New York, Philadelphia and
Baltimore, and great interest has been thereby ex-
cited in affording the coniinimity at lust, an op-
portunity of witnessing the advancement which
has been made in the science of Horticulture, as
exhibited in the choice varieties of new fruits and
flowers, recently introduced from other countries ;
as also in the gratification of viewing the beautiful
floral decorations of the place of exhibition. From
the exertions which are now making here, and
the universal favor which has been manifested to-
wards the undertaking, in the ofl'ers of the loan
of rare and choice plants, possessed by amateur
cultivators, it is confidently expected that the So-
ciety will he enabled to make a disjilny at once
worthy of itself, and of the Metropolis of New
England.

An address will be delivered at twelve o'clock
on Wednesday, the I7th inst. in Faneuil Hall, by
John C. Gray, Esq. Zebedee Cook, Jr.

Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements.

A special meeting of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society was held at their room on Satur-
day, Sept. 6th, 1834, and the following business
transacted :

Messrs. Simon E. Greene of Boston and Samuel
Sweetser of Cambridgeport, were admitted Sub-
scription Members.

Voted, That the first Vice President in the ab-
sence of the President be authorized to sign all
deeds, relative to lands at Mount Auburn.

Adjourned to Saturday, September I3th, at ten
o'clock, A. M. Cha's.M. HovEV,

Secretary pro tern .

(J?'Members of the Society having any books
pamphlets or periodicals, belonging to the Library
are requested to return them on or before Satur
day the 20ib inst.

(jJ^The Committee of Arrange me.nts for the Ex-
hibition at Faneuil Hall, are requested to meet at
the room of the Society on Saturday next, the
13th inst. at 11 A. M.

NOTICE.

The Committee of the Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society, appointed to take charge of orna-
mental trees, flowers, shrubs, &c. request all mem-
bers of the Society and others who may wish to
promote the objects of the exhibition, to forward
to Faneuil Hall on Monday and Tuesday, the 15th
and 16th insts. such ornamental plants, <irangeand
lemon trees, bouquets of flowers, festoons and
wreaths, as may tend to increase the interest of
the Show. Every plant will be carefully labelled
with tiie name of the proprietor, and of which es-
pecial care will be taken by the Committee ex-
pressly appointed for the purpose, and sli^ld it
be inconvenient to send plants in pots or tubs,
they will be sent for by the Committee, to be
transported by vehicles on springs, attended by
careful persons, and returned in the same manner,
or at the close of the exhibition, will be sold for
the proprietors if requested. Contributions of
Cut F/otcers are desirable on the mornings of the
l~th, 18th and 19th insts.

Cha's. M. Hovey, Chairman.

The Committee on Fruits, &c. of the Blassa-
cliusetts Horticultural Society, respectfully invite
all members of the Society and others who may
wish to promote its objects, to furnish for the ap-
proaching exhibition, such fruits as may be deem-
ed worthy the occasion, as grapes, plums, peaches,
pears, ap[iles, melons, &c. especially such as may
be considered new, or rare, or particularly fine.
They may be sent to Faneuil Hall on Monday and
Tuesday the 15th and 16th insts., where Mr. Pond
will receive them in behalf of the committee. Any
fruit from a distance, directed as above, would pro-
bably reach Boston in good order, if properly pack-
ed. Gentlemen are requested to label all fruits
with the name of the proprietor, for whose dispo-
sition they will all be reserved by the Committee,
or sold for their benefit when so directed.

S. A. Shurtleff, Chairman.

Tickets for the exhibition may be obtained at
the door of the Hall, at 50 cents for the whole e»-
hiliition, or twenty-five cents for one admission.

68

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER 10. J 834.

Frovi the Cultivator .
ON THE DAIRY HUSBANDRY OF HOLLAND.

The Higlilaiifl Society of Scotlaiul, consideiiiifr
tlie advantagos tliat might be derived from an ac-
quaintance with the modes of managing dailies in
Holland, offered, in 1831, a piemiuni for the besi
report npon tliat suliject, founded on personal ob-
servation. The premium was subsequently award-
ed to John IMitchell, whose report was |)ublished
in JS33. We abstract fmm this report such facts
as are likely most to interest our dairy farmers, and
lead to their improvement. We will barely pre-
mise, that the products of the Dutch dairy, par-
ticularly the butter, are in higher demand than
those of any other country. Vast quantities of
butter are annually exported to Britain, the West
Indies, &c. 116,233 cwt. of butter, and 167,913
cwt. of cheese, were brought from Holland to Eng-
land in 1830. Were the same care taken in nian-
iifacturing our butter which is bestowed in Hol-
land, we slioidd find a brisk foreign demand fur
all our surplus stock. But at present our butter
is inferior, will not bear transportation to a warm
climate, and will not compete with that of Holland.
Pasture. The pastures in Holland have been
reclaimed from the ocean. They are flat, low and
moist, the water in the small canals or dykes al-
ways rising nearly to their surface. They are of
course permanent, or are seldom broken with llie
plough. They are top dressed every third year
with cow-house manure nii.xed with the scrapings
of the small canals, and the first year after dress-
ing, reserved generally, for bay.

Supposing the whole growth 700, the Dutch
Farmers consiiler that there grows, for the con-
suuqitiou of the cow, from the beginning of spiing
till iMay, 135 parts ; in June, 20 ; July, 135 ; Au-
gust, 95 ; Sept. 55 ; October till winter, 80.

Cows are p;irticularly selected for the dairy.
Theirprice is about 9 or 101. sterl. (40 to 45 dolls.)
Tbe^^ve generally fattened and turned oft' to the
butcher at 8 years old, and bulls at four or five.
Tlie cows are turned to pasture in March or April,
and are at first oovered with a very thick cloth ol
tow, covering the upper half of the body from the
shoulders to the tail, to prevent disease from cold.
They are pastured about 30 weeks. Hay is their
common food in winter, though rape cake and
brewers' grains are sometimes added. The byres
or eow-bouses are generally bifty, airy, paved with
large square bricks, and kept iierfectly clean. The
roof is about ten feet high. There are no racks
or mangers, but the food is ]ilaced in gutters, al-
ways clean, near their beads. — (Jnllers in their
rear serve to carry oft' the urine and dung, and
these gutters are also kept clean.

Process of Manufacture. The cows are always
inilked by the men, and the butler and cheese
made by the women, generally of the family.
Ninety cows are numaged by nine men and two
women. There is generally one miui required to
ten cows ; while two women are considcMed
enough for a dairy. The farmer reckons that he
can make 100 guilders, about 40 dollars, i)er an-
num, by each cow.

Bulltr. There are tlirce distinct kinds of butter
made in Holland : Grass butler, made when the
cows are at gross ; If'hey butler, from the whey of
Bweet nfdk cheese ; and Haj butter, made in win-
ter.

Grass butler. The cows being carefully milked
to the last drop, the pitchers containing the milk.

are put into the Koelbak, a description of which
will be found in the preceding article. Wben the
cream has been gathered and is soured, and if
there is a sufficient quantity from the niunber ot
cows, they clmrn every 24 hours, the chiu-n being
half filled with soured cream. A little boiled warm
water is added in winter, to give the whole the
proper degree of heat, and in very warm weather,
tlie milk is first cooled in the Koelbak or cooler.
In small dairies, the milk is sometimes churned,
when soured without separating the creajii. The
liutter, immediately after being taken out of the
churn, is put into a shallow tub, called a vloot,
and carelully washed with pure cold water. It is
then worked with a slight sprinkling of fine salt,
whether for immediate use or the barrel. Wiien
the cows have been three weeks at grass, the but-
ter is delicious, is made in fanciful shapes of lambs,
stuck with the flowers of the |)olyanthiis, pyraridds,
&c., and sells as high as 44 slivers, 60 or 70 ceius,
the 17 oz. or Dutch pound. If intended for bar-
relling the butter is worked up twice or thrice a
(lay, with soft fine salt, lor three days, in a flat
tub, there being about two pounds of this salt al-
lowed for fourteen pounds of butter ; the butter is
then bard packed by thin layers into casks, which
casks are previously carefully seasoned and clean-
ed. They are always of oak, well smoothed in-
side. Before being used, they are allowed to
stand three or four days, filled with sour whey,
and thereafter carefully washed out and dried.
Each cow, after being some time at grass yields
about one Dutch pound (17 1-2 oz.) butter per
day.

We beg our dairy women to mark two points in
the ]ireceding process. 1. JVo salt is used bat
what is incorporated witli and dissolved in the butter,
and which is necessary to give it flavor ; and 2d,
the butter intended lor keeping is worked from six
to ten times, to incorporate the salt, and to separate
from it every particle of liquid, which, if left in it,
would induce rancidity.

Hay Butter undergoes a like process.

li'hey Butler. The whey is allowed to stand
three days or a week, after being separated from
the curd, when the cream is skinuned off', or the
whey itself put into the churn, and the butter is
formed in about •an hoiu'. By this process, in win-
ter one pound of butter is obtained I'rom each cow
in a week, and in smumer 1 1-2 pounds. The
relative prices are generally, grass butter 8 1-2
stivers, hay butter 7, and whey butter 6.

Cheese. There are four kinds of sta[>le cheese
made in Holland — the Edam and Gouda, both
made from unskimmed milk ; and two kiiuls, call-
ed Kunier Cheese from milk once or twice skim-
med.

Edam Cheese. The process of manufacture of
the Edam cheese is as follows: — The milk being
yearned as soon as taken from the cow, when co-
agulated, the hand, or a wooden bowl, is passed
gently two or three times through the curds, which
are then allowed to stand a few minutes ; the
bowl or finger is again passed through them, and
they stand a few minutes. The whey is then
taken oft" with the wooden bowl, and the curd is
then put into a wooden form, (of the proper size
and sliape of the cheese to be made.) This form
is cut out of tlie solid wood by a turner, and has
one hole in the bottom. If the cheese is of the
small size, (about 4 lbs.) it remains in this foru
about ten or twelve days; if the large sized, it re

mains about fourteen days. It is turned daily, the
upper part during this time being kept sprinkled
with about two ounces of purified salt of ibe large
crystals. It is then removed into a second box or
form of the same size, with four holes in the bot-
tom, and |iut midcr a press of about 50 lbs. weight,
where it remains from two to three hours, if of
the small size, and from four to six if of the large
size. It is then taken out and jint on a dry airy
shelf in the cheese apartment, and daily turned for
about four weeks, when they are generally fit to.
be' taken to market.

Alkniaar, in Worth Holland, is the great market
for Edam cheese. It is not uncommon, to see
800 farmers at the market, and 470,000 cheeses
for sale one day. The price there averages about
36s. per cwt. ($6 66.)

Gondii Cheese. This cheese is also made from
the milk immediately on its being taken from the
cow. After gradually t.-iking ofl' the principal part
of the whey, a little warm water is put upon the
curd, vvliich is left standing for a quarter of an
hour. l!y increasing the heat and quantity of
water, the (;lieese is made harder and more dura-
ble. All the whey and water is then taken oflT,
and the cjrd is gradually packed bard into a form
cut out by the turner, flatter and broader than the
form of the Edam cheese. A wooden cover is
placed over it, and the press, with a weight of
about S lis. put upon it. It is here frequently
turned, and altogether remains under the press
about twenty-four hours. The cheese is then car-
ried to a cool cellar, put into a tub containing
pickle, the liquid covering the lower half of it.
The watei of tlie pickle is boiled, and about three
or four baidsful of salt melted in about thirty im-
|)erial pints of water. The cheese is not ])Ut ia
until the water is quite cold. After remaining
twenty-lour liours, or at most two days, in the
pickle tuf, where it is turned every six hours, the
cheese afer being rubbed over with salt, is placed
upon a board slightly hollowed, having a small
channel in the centre, to conduct the whey which
runs oft' into a tub at one end. This board is call-
ed the ZouUank, upon which several cheeses are
placed at a time. — About two or three ounces of
the large chrystalized salt, is jilaced ujion the up-
per side of tiie cheese, which is frequently turned,
the side upjjermost being always sprinkled with
salt. It remains on the zouttank about eight or
ten days, according to the wariiiness of the weath-
er ; the cheese is then waslied witli hot water,
rubbed ilry and laid upon planks, and turned daily
until periiictly dry and hard.

The cheese bouse is generally shut during the
day, but must be open in the evening and early in
the morning.

(jtouda is the principal market for this kind of
cheese, where it sells for about 35s. per cwt.

Each cow at grass in Holland is calculated to
give about three or four pounds of sweet milk ■
cheese per day.

We omit the method of making the Kanter
Cheese, which is similar to our skim-milk cheese
— ;uid of the cheese utensils.

The milk house is generally between the dwell-
ing and the cow house, in a squara apartment, in
the corner of which is the cooler ; it is airy, roomy,
and paved with square bricks — the upper part
serving for churning, making cheese, &c. and de-
scending a few steps, into a sort of cellar, is the
milk room, having two to four windows, which
are opened or shut acccrdiog to circumstances.

vol.. Xiri. NO. 9.

\ND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

69

Tlie clieese houses nre also generally cellars,
kept clean anil well ventilated.

Tlie Dutch are reiiiarkalily particular as to the
juantity and quality of their salt, of which there
irc three kinds manufactured ; and it is this, our
reporter thinks, which is the priiicipal cause of
he s»veet and delicious flavor of their hutter,
which, ahhough well flavored, hai'dly tastes of salt,
3r rather of that acrid quality which is perceptihie
in the hutter of Great Uritain.

Cleanliness jjoverns in all the Dutch dairies.
Every dwelling-house is a model and a pattern,
rhey seem to vie with each other on this point,
riie cow house is pure and clean, not a particle of
illh heing to he seen in it; the cows, says Mr. M.
ire as clean as if they were in a dining room ; the
uilk and cheese houses, and in short every part of
:he house, are free from dust and dirt of any kind,
rhe whole apartments, even the hyre (stalls) and
lay house, are generally under one roof; and the
deanly system, and the admiiahle arrangement,
;ive that comfort and pleasure which are too often
wanted in other countries.

STEAM PLOUGH.

We have seen the model of what is denoniinat-
;d a " Combined Wheel Plough," to be propelled
)y steam, the invention of Maj. Amos Tyrell, Jr.
)f Darien, in this county. The number of ploughs

0 be pro|)elled, will depend on the amount of pro-
lelling power useil. Two nominal five power
jngines will propel a carriage with five ploughs
— and when cross ploughing for seed, will also
'.arry a seeding apparatus and drag, performing
he whole at one 0[ieration. It requires two indi-
fiduals to manage the machine — a man and boy.
VIso, a boy, a horse, and a horse wagon, as a ten-
ler to supply coal and water as required — making

1 daily ex|ieuseof a sum not exceeding five dollars.
Vnd at a reduced speed the machine will plough
wenty-five acres per day — and if required sow and
Irag it in at the same time.

The feasibility of the machine depends mainly
)n two principles, viz : — The ease and precision of
juiding, and the accumulation of power at the will
jf the guide, without altering the pressure of steam,
riius enabling the machine with proper modifica-
ions, to run on common or Rail Roads. The
;ost of a machine with five ploughs, on a fair es-
imate will be the same as horse teams, harness
ind ploughs for cultivating a fallow of one iiun-
Ired and sixty acres.

We confess we know but very little of the pow-
!r and ajqilication of steam — but we hazard noih-
ng in saying, we think this machine, on fair and
"easihle ground will fully answer the design of its
ngeiiious inventor — at all events we hope so. —
Batavia Times.

cot,. MACERONI'S STEABI CARRIAGE.

O.v Tuesday last we again took a ride in Colo-
lel Maceroni's steam carriage. It was what they
«!! a one-fire trip, being just five miles out, and
ive miles back on the Harrow road. This road
s narrow, tortuous, and iiilly, and when we have
leen on it, it lias generally been much encumber-
d by bay and dung carts. Notwithstanding these
ireumstances and interruptions, which rendered
bis road so much inferior to most of our other
cads for such an exhibition, we were surprised
} find that the ten miles were performed in ex-
ctly thirty-six minutes, being an average of 18
liles the hour. It is now above nine months

since we first had the pleasure of riding in this
most surprising of steam carriages. In our pa-
per of the 5tli of October, 1833, we gave an ac-
count of a trip to Edgeware and back. From that
time to the present day the carriage has been in
constant activity, as may be seen from the ac-
counts which have appeared in most of the Lon-
don papers, as well as in our own. In the midst
of last winter the Colonel's carriage ran daily for
three weeks, either to Edgeware, orUxbridge, and
it has been running eversince, whenever any par-
ty of gentlemen intimated a desire to see its per-
formance. According to our preconceived notions
of steam carriages, and ofthefiicts which regard
the engines on the Manchester rail road, we should
have expected that so much use would have caus-
ed a considerable wear and tear, and deteriora-
tion in Col. M's. carriage : but on the contrary, we
can say from continued observation, that the ma-
chinery and boiler of this carriage are in as good
order, and as perfect as they were on the day of
our ride to Edgeware, on the 5th of last October.
Why the admirers, and would-be-promoters of
steam-travelling on common roads, have not been
eager to establish one of Col. Maceroni's carria-
ges on some turnpike road, we are at a loss to im-
agine ! Others, whose carriages have turned out
not to be worth a rush, have found moneyed sup-
porters even before they had any thing to show !
Amongst the party who accompanied us on our last
Tuesday's ride, was a Danish engineer, and sever-
al other foreigners of distinction. — English paper.

EXTENSIVE GREEN HOUSE.

It is not perhaps generally known even among
our amateurs, that there is now erecting in the vi-
cinity of Boston the largest and most costly Green-
house in the United States. This splendid struc-
ture is going up in Watertown, at the country
seat formerly belonging to Mr. Preble, now the
property of a wealthy merchant recently from Chi-
na. Strolling over these grounds not long since,
we looked with surprise at the style and magni-
tude of this building, as also of other improve-
ments now in progress ; its length will extend to
nearly four hundred feet, its width in proportion,
and it will cost when complete wiih its ajiparatus
for heating, watering, and other purposes, little
short of tsventy thousand dollars. Its contents
will embrace an exceedingly numerous and rich
collection of fruits, flowers and shrubs, native and
exotic, costing perhaps half as much more. One
division of the building is to be appropriated we
understand, to the culture of pine apples, a fruit
seldom attempted in this country, yet capable
some say, of being brought to as great perfection
here by aid of artificial heat, as in its native cli-
mate.— Boston Atlas.

SMALL. BEEK.

The receipt below for making small Beer for
this hot weather is too good to remain as little
known. If you are disposed to insert it in your
paper, you may promote the comfort of your
Iriends and the cause of temperance.

For making 3 gallons of Beer or 1 pail full,

Take 1 quart West India Molasses,

20 dops Oil Spruce,

1.5 " Oil Wintergreen,

10 " Oil Sassafras,
Fill the pail with hot water — mix them well — let
it stand until it lias become blood-warm — then add
one pint yeast — let it remain 10 or 12 hours — bot-
tle it — and in 3 hours it is fit for use and first rate.

There is reason to believe that tea is not of
very ancient use as a beverage in China. The
ancient classical books make no' allusion to it.
The popular belief is, that tea was first introduc-
ed in Honan, to cure the bad quality and taste of
ihe water. The earliest account we have bad of
it, is in relafion to two Mahomedan travellers,
who visited China in the ninth cenlury ; these,
after telling ns that "their usual drink is a kind
of wine made of rice, mention a certain herb they
drink with hot water, called sab, (tilia, tea) adding
that this drink cures all manner of diseases." It
was not therefore a common beverage. Be that
however as it may, we are inclined to think it is a
mistake to suppose that the Chinese are inveter-
ately attached to the use of tea. That which is
used for home consumption is of a very inferior
description, made up sometimes in round balls,
having all the ajipearance of a ball of tarred twine,
sometimes in flat cakes, cemented together with a
glutinous substance; and sometimes used in loose
leaves that have been dried without any prepara-
tion. They have, besides, the essence in small
cakes as bitter as wormwood. The leaves of the
Camelia Sesanqna are also used as tea ; in Shan-
tang and the northern provinces, tea is preiiared
from a kind of moss; and if adulterated tea is
common in China, how can we flatter ourselves

that we are not drinking the infusion of inoss

(Quarterly Review.

SCRAPS OP HISTORY.

Ii? the reign of Henry VIII. there did not grow
in England any vegetable or eatable root, such as
carrots, parsnips, cabbage, &c. Turkeys, fowls,
&c. were introduced there about the year 1524.
The currant shrub was brought from the Island of
Zante, A. D. 1553. Pocket watches were brought
there from Germany, A. D. 1577. About the year
1580, coaches were introduced. A saw mill was
erected near London in 1633, but afterwards de-
molished, that it might not deprive the laboring
poor of employment. Tea was introduced into
England in 1666, and soon became a fashionable
drink : it sold then for 60s. per lb.

From thf Genesee Farmer.
ECONOMY OP PUEI..

I HAVE a small open stove v\diich requires
shorter wood to lie horizontally than is necessary
for our otiier fires ; and we have been in the prac-
tice of taking wood from the common pile, with-
out attending to its length ; for when it was too
long to lie flat in the stove we set it slanting up-
wards, often at an angle of 45 degrees. I have
observed, however, that when the wood lies flat,
it gives out much the most heat ; and it is my
opinion, though without having made any direct
experiment, that there is nearly a difference of
two to one in the benefits derived from the same
quantity of fuel.

When I come to reflect on the subject, it ap-
pears reasonable that such should be the conse-
quence. A part of the wood is placed quite in
the throat of the stove, which greatly increases the
draft, and hurries the rarefied air up the chimney.
A good bed of hot coals is the main point for a
stove of this kind in cold weather; and such a
bed is not readily obtained from slanting sticks.
In short the nearer the wood is to the bottom
plate of the stove when it is burnt, the greater
will be the quantity of heat radiated into the room.

A Fabmek.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTKBIBER >0, 1S3*.

WKW JBN«i,ANl> FARMJEU.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPT. 10,1834.

For the N'nt^ En^Untd Farmer,
Mr. Editor — Tt is ;iu iiitprestiiif; eviileiice of
the inertasiiij; attention to and luofjres.s of lloiti-
cultiirii, iiiiil KMCouniging to tliose wlio have hi^en
so efficiently eiifjaged in promoting it, tinil es|)e-
cially lliose connected witli tlje Ma.ssachiisetts Uor-
ticiiltiiial Society, that we can now liave as the
prospect indicates, a gfand Exliihition of Fruits
and Flowers.

I sliall he liigldy gratified if I can suggest any
thing to aid so ih,'siial)ie an ohject or contiihnte to
its advancement : 1 woidd therefore propose anil
reconuiKMid to all who have Fruit Orchards, Fruit
Gardens, Flower Gardens or Plants to contrihnte
either a hasket of frnit or houcpiet of flowers, and
(although I perceive there is no special provision
for vegetahle productions yet I think niariHiioths
and new varieties will he acccptalih') llierchy make
in the aggregate a splendid exhihiiion and siih-
serve the ohject intended. The henetits to he de-
rived from such an exliihition by the powerful in-
oiteineiits to inchistry, improvement and conipeti-
tioti will he incalcniahle if a right spirit dictates
the contributions, and the Society duly interest
and exeit themselves on the occasion. I would
urge the importance of this, and we may have the
17th, 18th and 19lh three glorious days in the
aiiuals of the Mass. Hort. Socif;ty. B.

ICE HOUSE.

A friend of the Editor has requested sncli di-
rections as we can furnish, relative to the constrnc-
tion of ice houses, ami the preservation of ice for
summer's use. ]n compliance with his wishes,
we republish an article, (which first appeared in
the N. 1:^. Farmer, vol. X, p. 134) written by Pro-
fessor Cleaveland, of Brunswick, Me., than whom
we knew of no person more competent to give in-
fortnation on this or any other snhject involving
the philosophical principles of rural economy.

For the New Engioiid Farmer.

Mr. Fesspudcn — In answer to your request for
practical information on the subject of Ice Hou-
ses, I take the liberty of giving you a description
of one, which I constrni'ted several years since, at
a moderate expense, and in which I have been
perfectly successfnl in preserving ice through llic
aummcr and nuluinn.

A pit, about l'^ feet long and 9 feet wide was
dug in level groumi to the depth of about 10 feet.
The four walls or sides of the let! House consist
entirely of cedar. Each wall is renilered double
hy nailing the boards to two opposite sides of joists
4 inches scpnu'c, placed perpendicidai ly, at the dis-
tance of a few feel from each other. The inter-
val between the boards is filled with tun, and
a space of about 4 inches in wnlth entirely
around the building is also occupied by tan ; so
that the earth or soil novvljere touches the boards.
Upon these walls, whiidi are 11 feet in height,
and of course project one fool above the surface of
the ground, is placed a very sharp roof. This'
roof is also double, and the interval bitvveen the
boarils is filled with charcoal powder. It is paint-
ed white on the outside.

The aforementioned pit is divided by a double
partition, filled with tan, into two apartmciils. Iti
one of them, which is about 8 feet square, the ice
IB deposited. The other department is employed

as an entry, at the bottom of which is a door, made
double as aforementioned, for the purpose of tak-
ing out the ice frotn day to day. This entry, vvhose
temperature in the lower i)art is very uniformly
that of cool weath«r in the autumn, is furnished
with shelves for the reception of liutter, meat,
milk, &c., during the heat of smnmer, and is fomiil
to be extremely useful.

The ice is cut in blocks of regular form and ve-
ry closely packed, the interstices being filled with
pulverized ice. All the space which reiriains
above the ice is filled with dry straw. A few ce-
dar slabs form the floor on which the ice rests.
There are several reasons for' preferring cedar to
other kinds of wood ; and I did not find its ex-
pense to exceed that of merchantable pine boards.
It would be convenient to have the entry a little
longer than the one just described.

Vours resjiectfiilly,

P. Ci.EAVELAND.

In a subsequent comninnication for the same
paper, sec vol.X, p. 139, Profi'ssor Cleaveland ob-
serves— " On reading- the description of my ice
house in your last number, it occurred to me that
I might not have been siifiiciently minute on one
or two points. The roof is so sharp and high,
that it affords a convenient passage into the entry,
above ground, at the end of the building, by a tri-
angular door, through which the ice is easily in-
troduced at the top of the pit. This door is closed
after the straw is deposited in the space above the
ice. This one door, opening to the atmosphere, is
snflicicnt for all purposes."

A writer for the New England Farmer, (see vol.
X, p. 139) with the signature ".^ Middlesex Far-
mer,^' state's as follows: " My ice house is a very
simple and cheap afl'air. It is 12 feet every way,
dug on a gravelly knoll. It has a stout ce<lar post,
about 13 feet long, at each corner, and 1 believe
four more [)osts between those, with a sill mortis-
ed on the top, all rotind, to keep them all in place.
Outside of the.se posts it is planked with old cast
ofl^ bridge plank, which were originally 5 inches
thick, and these are siicnred, not by nailing, hut
merely filling in behind with gravel. The roof is
a common one, rather steep, sloping of course to
the groimd, and shingled in the orditiary way; the
door is at the east end. There is no floor be-
tween the ice and the roof. The ice m.-iy be tak-
en out at any hour, but it is generally done early
in the liiorniiig. Befme the ice is put in, some
small spars (round lails if yon please) are placed
on the bottom of the cellar, and brush put cross-
wise, so as to keep the ice from touching the
ground. The ice is sawed in blocks of 2 or 3 feet
long ami about 2 feet wide, and jjacked in the cel-
lar, side by side. When filled to the top, some
straw iir shavings are laiil over to a considerable
thickness, and that is all. Some years, when the
ice is thin, it is goin; in Septendii.r or October:
but when it can be had, solid, ami of good thicdi-
ness, after using it fri:rly for all family purposes,
and occasionally fur neighbors, some of it remains
at the end of the year. The posts shoidd be about
13 feet, so as to enter thegroimd a hltle at bottom,
and rise a little above the top, for the purpose of
making a small baid< outside fm- turning olf the
rain. The quantity put in is, I thiidt, about 13
tons or loads."

It is remarked in the Genesee Farmer, that there
is one iin()ortant point in packing away ice which
does not appear to he well understood. We mean

the temperature of ice, wlien it is put into the ice
house. It is well known that according to Fahr-
enheit's thermometer, 32 degrees is denominated
the freezing point, or that degrc.'e at which the
water congeals. If the temperature is raised but
one degree above this the water melts, but to
whatever degree below the temperature is reduced
no change takes place. Now it takes nearly the
same quantity of heat to raise the temperature of
a body one degree when it is below 32 degrees,
that it does when it is above. From this position
it is plain, that the colder tlie ice when packed in
the ice house, the greater would be the ipnmtity
of heat required to thaw it, or the greater the
length of time in the same temperature. Suppose
one ice house was filled when the temperature of
the ice and atmosphere was of thirty degrees, or
two degrees below the freezing point, and ajiother
was filled when the temperature of the atmosphere
and ice were at zero, then would it not nipiire
fifteen times the quantity of heat to melt the ice
in the latter that it would in the former, and if the
heat was coinmuniciited in the same manner,
would it not require time in proportion? If so,
then it is all-important, at whatever temperature
the ice is collected, it should only be packed in
houses when at the lowest temperature. Now
the contrary of this is often pursued. The gath-
ering of ice is at best a cold business, and most
people omit doing it until the last of winter, and
then prefer those days which are most pleasant,
and proceed to pack the ice in the house as it is
gathered. There can be no objection to gathering
or drawing the ice to an ice house in pleasant
weather, but it should never he packed down but
when the mercury indicates extreme cold, as in
proportion to it will be the durability of the ice
under the same exposure.

QJ^In our next we shall give a full list of all
the premiums oft'ered hy the Massachusetts Socie-
ty for promoting Agriculture.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL, SOCIETY.

The annual meeting of the Iloiiicultmal Socie-
ty (or the choice of President, Vice Presidents,
Treasurer, Secretaries iind Council, for the year
ensuing, will be hfld at their room, SI Cornhill,
on Saturday the 20ih iiist. precisely at 11 o'clock, ,
A. M. A general and punctual attendance is re-
quested. Chas. M. Hovet, Sec. pro tern.

ERRATA.

In the New England Fanner Extra — which
contains the List of Premiums 10 be awarded by
the Massachusetts Society for pronioting Agricul-
ture, in December next — for " i'h Faneuil Hall in
the City of Boston''^ read " at a place hereafter to ht
designated hy the Trustees."

ITEMS OP UVTELLIGEWCE.

Uifayettts Grure. Where rest the mortal remains of
Liifayctte ? He is interred in the garden of the house
No. 15, of the street of Pictus. This house is occupied
as a Young Ladies' Boarding School, under the direction
of the Ladies of St. Sacrament. To reach tlie place
where repose the remains of Lafayette, it is necessary
to traverse a large yard, then enter a vast enclosure,
Imrdered on the southern side hy a beautiful avenue of
lindens (tillculs.) Then follow this shaded alley until,
near its extrenuty,you turn into another enclosure more
narrow, which leads you to the gate of the Cemetery of

VOL. Xm. NO. 9.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOUIINAL.

71

Pictus. This Ct-'uR'teiy is 10 metres (32 8-10 Englisli
feet) wide, and 50 metres (164 feet Englisli) in lengtli.
An alley divides it into two parts, and each part is di-
vided into one hundred sepulchres, belonging to as many
families. In this Cemetery are some beautiful monu-
ments. The sepulchre of the Lafayette family, which
is the most simple, is also the last at the bottom of the
Cemetery, in the angle formed by tlie junction of the
walls to the south. Two extremely modest grave stones
may be remarked. The first on which there is no in-
scription, covers the ashes of Madam Lafayette, and un-
der the second reposes Virginia Lafayette, daughter of
the General, and who died the wife of M. Lasteyrie Du-
sailant, as is sliown by the inscription. The body of the
General has been interred by the side of Madame Lafay-
ette. A small hillock of earth newly dressed, and of a
certain color, indicates that it is there where reposes all
that now remains to us of that venerable citizen that
France (the world) has lost. The earth which forms the
hillock was brouglit from America.

The Grand Jury for Middlesex county, met at Con-
cord, have fifteen or si.xteen cases to be examined in re-
lation to the Charlestown riot, and the whole ntimber of
witnesses to be examined, is nearly one hundred. It is
probable that many of the individuals ap|)rehended will
be indicted for capital offences.

WHITE DUTCH CLOVKR.

Just rccolvi-tl and for sale, al the iSovv England Seed Store,
51 »Sl 51 Nurili .Market strcei —

lOUU lbs Willie Dutch Clover in prime order, and far supe-
rior to .'Viiicncaii Seeds, at rci lured prices. Sep 3

WHITK MUt-UERRV ii^li^BU.

Just i-,!c-c-ived While Mull) rry Seed, of llie growth of 1834
saved e.>cpres,^ly ioi tlie New England t^eed l^siablisiiment.

Gi:o. C B.\RREi'r.

BLACK SK.\ WHKAT.
For Salk, 2j inisliels ot iliis valuable vnriely of Winter
VVlieat. (>( wliicli an aeconiit iiiav be tiiuiid in J\. E. Farmer,
vol. .\i, page UU. tiiilO. C. liARKETT.

Ni-w England Seed Store

tiKlNDisTONES OSI PllICTlOttl UOLLKKS.

Gniidslones of ditlerenl sizes hung on Frielion Hnllers and
mo\ed with a treader, is found to be a great improvement on
the mode of hanging grindstones, the ease wilh which they
move upon the rollers renders them very easy to turn with the
loot, by winch llie labor of one man is saveil and the person in
ihe act of grinding can govern the stone more to his miiid by
having the complete control ol his wo.k.

The abuve Stones may be found of a very superior kind, and
hung completely as above described at the Agricultural Ware-
house, ol &: o'2 North Matkel sireel. jc 18

APPLE PARIiKU AIACHIKE.

Willis' Improved Apple Paring Madjiue is found to be very
handy and useiul for paring apples, pears, \ c., is very simple
ill its construction, and is Used with great e.xpedition. Those
wno are in the daily habit of using apples will find this imple-
ment very convenient and useful. Sep. 1(J.

uroTicB.

The Committee on Fruits for the grand exhibition, are re-
quested to meet at the Hall of the Mass, tlorl. Society, on
Saturday next, at 12 o'clock.

Sep. 10. S. \. Shurtleff, Chairman.

ENGLISH WORKS ON AGRICULTURE.

Uli. lilcKSu.v's Practical Agricullure, in two volumes, 1260
pages, with numerous engravings and colored plates.

Complete Farmer, or general dictionary of Agriculture and
Husbandry, with many engravings, in 2oU0 pages.

The Complete Grazier with plates, .?ccort(f /nirtt/^^, 600 pages

The above will be sold very low, having been partially used.
July I61I1. GEO. C. BARRETT.

P.iTENT CLOVER UULLIKG SIILL.

Ritteuhouse's Improved Ilulling Machine, for hanfl or horse
power. Tills machine, in\-eiiteil by Robert Rittenhouse, is
ibuiid to be one of the most improved machines for ihe pur-
pose, that has been invented. It is supposed thai one man
will readily hull tind clean from live to srv bushels per day. —
The above machines are for sale at the Afrricullural Ware-
house. Nos, j1 and S2 North Market street, and also rights for
towns, counties, and slates may be had. Sep. 10.

CORN CUTTERS.

This implement, though a common article, is one of the
most handy and useful tools thai is user! on a farm. A lew
very superior cast sleel may be had at die Agricultural Ware-
house. Likewise — Cast Sleel Corn Forks, tor loading corn
ni Ihe field. ■ Si;|,. 10.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS.

For S.iLE, al New England Seed Store, .51 and 52 North
Harket sireel, the following kinds of Strawbf.rry Plants,
some of Ihem new and fine varieties. Orders are solicited
early.

PRICK pr ,h
25

1 Chili,

2 .Alpine,

3 Methven Castle,

4 White Chili

5 Chili Large Scarlet,
(J Wilmot,

7 Keen's Seedling, -

8 Downton,
[i Mulberr>".

10 iiaih Scarlet,

1 1 Roscberrv,

12 English lied Wood,

13 dn. White do.

14 Pine Apple,

15 Hautbois,

16 Monthly While Bush,

17 do. Scarlet do.

18 Early Virginia,

10 Genuine Monthly Alpine,

20 Wellington or Bostock,

21 Roval Scarlet,

22 Grive End,

23 Caroline,

24 Large Lima,

2q Large Early Scarlet,
26 French Musk Hautbois,
37 .Southboro' Seedling.
28 True prolific Hautbois,
2y Knevell's New Pine,
30 Kew or Black Hauibois,

25
25
25
37i

25

prino

ii'i
»l
SI
SI

I2iea.
do. (io.

37.i
50
50
50
50
50
!1
50

SI

50

JUST PUBLISHED,

The TEMPERANCE FAMILY AL.MANAC, for 1835,
and for sale iu any qtiantiiy, at the office of the New England
Farmer — price 6 els. single, J^.i per hundred.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

200 boxes very ihick— for sale by LOKING & KUPFER,
No 10 Merchant's Row. Im sep 3

inilCEri OF COUNTRY PRODUCi;

Applks, russets,

liEAiNs, wliiie,

Bekk, iiies;*, (new)

Car-»o, No. 1 . . . . [
()rniie,

ISeksw.ax, (Amerityn) . . ,

BuTTfcitjin.spet-ted, No. 1, new,

CHEEst. new milk

skiiumed milk, . . ,

Feathers, iioriherii.jjuese,. .
soulhcrii, geese, . ,

Flax, Ameiictin,

Flaxseed,

FRfiSH CiARDSlV SSEDS, 1834.

The Subscriber is now daily receivinjj his
supplies ol Garden Seeds, o;rowth 1831, of which
are various horis ofTumip, t'abbage, Spiiiage,
&LC. &c. It is ihe determiualion lo send iiolhni^
bul wii.ii lit; is willing lo ivurnmt ; a gie.u proportion oC the
vej^eUdile >ecds are ^ruwii ;n our own climalc, and wliicli ma
much superior to the ;,^eneral run onnrcipn seeds. The varie-
ties of'Tuniip Seed now m proper seasrm to sow, wdl be Inund
superior lo any imporied, widi the siiii^le exceplioii ot Ituta
Baga — one ptjuud o( well saved Anieiii-au serd is worlli ilirec
of loreio;n, lor this plain reason, thai the seed saved here (al
least what is grown under my direction) is Irom selected or
transplauied Turnips, by wlni-h process every impure sort i.s
ihrown out, and only the Caire-^t sons saved — whereas in Eu-
rope they freiierally leave the Turnips ill the field all winter,
winch are olten much injured b) severe rains and sprnig Irosts,
and cannot in ihe nature of ihini^'s produce as pure seed as a
well housed root, and this is the reason why il costs us five
times as much to get it raised here as to import il ; il is not ne-
cessary lo state wlio is benetiiled by itj certainly die Ibrmer
who depends on a lull and geniiuie crop of this nuiiiliveroot —
someol the finest sort-* and which are ot ihe quality slated, arc ihe
bir^e While Norfolk, Ruia IJai;a or Russia Turnip; While Flat
Dutch, Red and Green Top, Yellow Aberdeen or J^.nllocks,
Vellow Stone. Swan's E^^tx (a choice son), Long Yellow
French : also, Long Tankard, or Rat Tail. Together with \
several fancy sorts, as Yellow Malta, Garden Stone, Dale's
Hybrid, &:c.

Constantly on hand, a full assortment of such Garden Seeds
as are adapted lo a W'e.st India climalc; assortments suitable
for the Islands of Bf-rmiida, Jamaica, St. Croix, &c. made up
on short notice; also, choice Flower Seeds, tor the same cli-
mates.

The collection of Green House Plants is select, embracing
all the finer varieties of the Camellia Japonica. 50 sorts;
Pelargeniiims, 80 sorts ; Fuch.sias, Jasmines, I.voras, China
Roscn, Salvia Me.xicaiia, Ac. can be viewed with comfort un-
der spacious awnings. Also, a great variety of (ancv articles
for the Garden, the Conservatory, the Boudoir. &:c. "beautiful
painted Flower Glasses, China Pots. Polished Sleel Ladies'
Garden Implements. Grass Cutlers, Silver Steel Scythes, La-
dies' Transplanting Trowels, Grecian Vases, from ,3(40 to 580
ihe pair.

Bird seed of everv sort, Chinese Gold Fi<;h, &c.

aug. 27. GEORGE C. THORBURN, S7 Liberty St.

NeW York.

Flouk, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir. new
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, . .
souihem yellow, . .

white

Rye, Noiiht!rn, ....

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwetl, ....

Hard pressed,

HONEV,

Hops, Lsl quality

2d quality ....!.'

Lard, Boston, Islsort, ....

Southern, 1st sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upp^r, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

/' upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole,

Baltimore, sole, .

Lime, best sort

PoKK, r^Iif^s.inspec, extra clear,

Navy, Mess, ' '

Bone, middlings, . . . ]
Seeds, Herd's Grass, . . . . '
Red Top, northern, . .
Red Clover, northern. .
WhiteDulch Honeysuckle*

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,

American, full h'lood,washed
do. 3-4ths do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, ....
Q f Pulled superfine,
^-d I lsl Lambs, . . .
•5=<12d "

1 S. I 3d - . . .

2 (_ lsl Spmninj;^, . . ,
Soatliern pulled wool is generally

^ cts. less per lb.

, barrel

i.u.sliel
barrel

pound

pound
busliel
barrel

oushel

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

ic

cask
barrel

bushel

it

pound
cwt

nound

KKOM

s; CO

2 2.j|

y 5(j

7 50

e 00
I

13

s

37

33

9

1 25
5 62
5 37
0 25
5 25

75
72
71
70

i;o
■il

20 (10

13 00

10 00

40

12

10

8

7

17

10

15

W

21

20

85

17 00

13 00

2 37
75

8
25
7 00
60
50
43
35
30
S8
60
40
37
20
35

Hams

Pork,
Poult
CuT'rr

Egos

POTAT

CiriKK

?ROVlSIOM MARXET

RKTAII. PKICKS.

norlliern,

outliern,

whole hogs, ....
RV, (unrerlain) . . .

R. (Iiib)

lump, new,. . . ,

OKs, (new) j bushel

(new.)

poiinrl

^

*«

8

It

6i

It

14

It

20

dozen

, 16

bushel

37

barrel

2 00

HRIGIITON MARKET.— .\IoN DAY, Sept. 8, 1834.
Rcporleil for the D.iily .Ailvortiscr ami Patriot.

Al Market ill5 Beef Caiile, 7-iO Slores, ; 6200shcep. and
1140 swine. Several parts of lots Beeves, Stores, sheep and
swine unsold.

Prices. Beef Cattle— S:\\'s were more even than thev
were last wiek, but prices will average about Ihe same. We
qniite lo eoi respond Hilh last week, viz. : prime 4 75 a 5 ;
good 4 a 4 50 ; thin 3 a .'J 75.

iVorkino Oj™.— We noticed a few yoke sold al S48, 55,
G4, 65, 78 and 80.

Cous and Calves.— Sa\ei were etl'ee ted at gl8, 23,55,28.
and 33.

Stores.— Onr prices range so as to comply uiiii Eastern ami
Northern, viz. : yeailiiig? $6 a i) ; two years old, 10 a 15;
three years old 19 a 25,

^^/iecp—" Dull, dull." Lot of middling (jualily weri' lakeii
at 1 25, 1 33, I 37, 1 42. I 50, 1 54, I fi2. I 67 and 1 S8 ; belter
qualities at 2 a 2 17. Wethers, some of which were very fine,
2, 2 50, 2 75, and ^4,

i^wine — The large number at market caused prices to de-
cline ; one lot, most of which v^-ere old, half barrows, at 4c ; a
lot okl anrl young at 4c for sows and 5c for barrows ; a lot of
shunts, half barrows, at 4|, and one lot atijc; at retail, 5o for
sows and 6 lor barrows.

72

NEV/ ENGLAND FARMER.

SEPTEMBER 10, 1S34,

MISCELLANY.

From the New England Mogazine for August.
. ' liAFATETTE.
There was a sound of woe,—

A spirit-slirring shock,—
A new-born nation strove for life.
And a monarch came down lo the banner'd strife.
As Ihe lion meets the flock.

A youthful hero crossed
The raging of the sea.
The blood of France was in his heart.
And it glow'd as he took the infant's part,
Who struggled to be free.

There was a sound of joy, —
The warriors were at resl.
And the fearless child, with a giant's might,
Went forth in the strength of his lordly right,
And watched by the ocean-billows bright,
For tiie coming of a guest.

And the shout of welcome sped

From the mountain to the main, —
The flowers of gratitude wreathed a crown.
And the vet'ran's tears with the babe's fell down
Like a gush of summer's rain.

The idol hero came, —

Not with his sword of might.
But silver hairs on his brow were strown.
And the eye was meek that like lightning shone
In the van of the stormy light.

He had breathed the dungeon's damps-
He had heard the blast of fame,
■When the clime of his birth like a maniac rush'd.
And the blood of kings from its fountain gush'd,
He stood at his post, the same.

And he sought, by memory's chart.

For dell, and rock and stream,
But a spell of magic had fallen around,
And cities arose where the forest frown'd,
And the far, lone lake, with masts was crown'd,

Like the changes of a fairy dream.

The exulting pulse beat high,

In the heart of this western zone. —
His home was the breasts of the free and brave-
No sceptred king, with the world his slave,

E'er sat on such a throne.

There was a solemn knell, —

O'er the summer breeze it stole, —
From town, and lower, and village bell.
On our listening nation's car it fell,

And woke the mourner's soul.

The hero slept in dust, —

The mighty bore his pall.
The tears of love on his tomb were shed,
The glory of earth was around his head.
But from honor and wealth, and bliss, he fled.
To the highest joy of all.

L.H.S.

DIITT OP A BACHELOR OP FORTY-PIITE.

You will nattirally ask me how a man should
enjoy the evening of life. Should be marry ? By
all means. It is the wisest thing he can do. But
if he passes forty-five, he shotild make no unne-
cessary delay, for he is not far from being old
enougti. But at any age below sixty, or perhaps
seventy, I think his wisest course is to marry.
Let him rear a circle of tender and attached friends
around him, who will serve him with affection,
and whom he can love without fear. There is joy
in respect paid to you by your countrymen ; there
is joy in the literary or warrior fame ; but there is
no earthly joy like that of a parent of a virtuous
family. — The Eltrick Slitpherd's Lay Sermon.

ITEMS.

As we must render an account of every idle
word, so must we likewise of otir idle silence. —
Jlmbrose.

Advise not what is most pleasant, but what is
most iiseftil. — Solon.

Actions meastired by time, scldotn prove bitter
by repentance.

"As I am Antonins," said the Emperor, " Rome
is my city and my country ; but, as I am a man,
the world."

As sight is in the eye, so is the mind to the
soul. — Sophocles.

A stranger, if just, is not only to he preferred

before a countryman, but a kinsman. — Pythagoras.

Be always at leisure to do good ; never make

business an e.xcnse to decline the offices of humane

ity. — M. Aurclius.

Bear, and blame not, what you cannot change.
— Puhlius Syrus.

Dr. Donne, speaking of the Bible, qtiaintly says,
" Sentences iti Srripttire, like hairs in horses^ tails
concur in one root of beauty and strength ; but,
being plucked out one by one serve only for
springs and snares."

In nature all is managed for the best with per-
fect frugality and just reserve, proftise to none but
bountiful to all ; never employing on one thing more
than enotigh, but with e.xact economy, retrenching
the superfluous, and adding force to what is prin-
cipal in every thing. — Shaftesbury.

A Good Jf'ife. A woman who uniforinly makes
good coftee, does nut scold even on a washing day,
and would not he ashamed to be seen before
breakfast time, will certainly make a good wife.

Jl pretty considerable Headache. A jolly son of
Bacchtis, who wears a nose like a handful of ripe
strawberries and resides within a hundred miles
of Matlock Bath, after having sacrificed at the
shrine of the rosy god, thus describes his sensa-
tions on the ensuing morning : " Talk of a head-
ache ! iny head aches all over, from my crown to
my chin ! Every hair of my head aches ! ! (and
pulling out half a dozen) I can feel these ache
while I hold them in my hand."

./} perfect artist, even in his own despite. A warm

partisan of was eulogising his friend in most

unmeasured terms, and wound up with the follow-
ing praise : " Sir, art is so innate in him, that if he
poke the fire there is immediately a red hot land-
scape ; and I have seen him break several win-
dows, every fracture in which was a striking pro-
file portrait !"

The Brattleborough Inquirer says, " A gentle-
man from Dummerston, Vt. informs us that the
drought is so great in that vicinity, that the grass-
hoppers are rcdticed to mere skeletons, and sit
upon the fences with tears in their eyes for the
want of something wherewith to satisfy the crav-
ings of hunger !

A butcher boy, carrying a tray on his shoulder,
accidentally struck it against a lady's head, and
discomitosed her wig. " The deuce take the tniy,"
cried the lady in a passion. "Madam, (said the
lad gravely,) the deuce cannot take the tray."

" Sich a good itn." Why is a tailor, when patch-
ing a garment, like an enemy ? Give it up ? Be-
cause he is "a sower of tares."

Learning. A village schoolmaster having over
his door a board on which was " Reading and
Writing leaml by A. B. " when he has learnt him-

self," oliserved a ptissenger, " I suppose he will
teacli us."

At a ball given by the City of Paris to Bona-
parte, was a Madam Canlon. The Corsiciin, in
general, was not very fond of people who had be-
come rich by any means but by his own favor.
He had never seen Madam Ciirdon, whose name
even he had never known before ; but he had l)een
told lliat lit-r hushatid was possessed of great wealth.
He walkeil towards her with a peevish sort of air,
and saiti to her very abruptly — " Are you Madam
Canlon." She made a profound courtesy to his
query. Bonaparte continued his discourse ; " You
are very rich." " Yes Sir," she said, " 1 have ten
children." Bonaparte, struck with the delicate
force of this reply, walked quickly away from her
ladyship.

Thirteen or fourteen of the inntates of a family
were lately rendered dangerously ill at Mobile, by
liaving poison administered to them by a slave, and
yet no means were taken to bring her to justice,
in consequence of her great value.

Gold is worshipped in all climates, withotit a
single temple, and by all classes, without a single
liypocrite.

FRUIT TREES.

Mrnamental trees, ROSES, FLOWER-
ING PLANTS, .fcc. NuKSERY of WILLIAM
KENRICK. in Newton, Similes from Boston
by the City Mills, atd J a mile from the Worcester

Kan l^imd. '.

A rare collection of Fruit trees. Trees and shrubs of orna- I
meat, Roses, Dahlias, &.e. This Nursery now covers com-
peictly, the most part of 18 acres ; and includes of Trees and
plants in difl'ereut s'ages of growth, from two to three hundred
ihousand. Of j«m celebrated Pears alone, 150 kinds, a part of
which having been already proved in ourclimate, are espec-
ially rccommeneed. Of Peaches, a Capital Collection, for
extensive numbers and fine kinds — Apples — Cherries — Plums
— Nectarines — AprTcots — Almonds — Quinces — Grape Vinf5
— Currants — Raspberries — Gooseberries — Strawberries — Fig-.
&;r. — .Selections Irnm the best varieties known.

JloKflS iMcLTICiULlS, OR NeW CHINESE MULBERRY, SO

celebrated for the food of silkworms.

Of ROSES. A superb collection of from 300 to 400 hardy
and China varieties ; from numerous importations, and first
rate sources. White Flowering Horse Chesnuts, Weeping
Willows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Silver Firs, Venetian Su-
niaih, Allheas, Honeysuckles, Azaleas, &c. &e.— in all, of
Ornainenlal trees, and shrubs, GoO varieties. Of Herbace-
ous Uoworing Plants, 300 choice varieties, including the finest
kinds ot.Paeonies, and 100 splendid varieties of Double Dahlias .

Geiiiteinen are invited to forward their oiders early in Au-
uintii. Ix'iiig an excellent season for transplanting. Address
to W Il.LIAftI KENRICK, Newton. Trees, &c. delivered i«
Rosion free of charge for transportation, and suitably packed.
and li-oin thence when ordered duly forwarded, by land or sea.
Or ortiers wdl receive the same attention if left with Geo. C.
l.ARRETT, who is agent, at his seed store and New England
Farmer Office, Nos. 51 & 52, North Market Street, Boston.
Otalogues gratis on application. Je 25

GRASS SEEDS, (for Fall Sowing.)

For Sale, at the New England Seed Store, 51 and .")2
Norih Market street.

Clover (Nori hern)— Herds Grass— Red Top— White Clover
(line imported) — Lucerne. &c &:c. — Wholesale and Retail.

500 PIECES ENGLISH MERINOS.

F.LI AH SrONE BREWER, has received from New York
ainl will be opened on Monday morniug, 500 pieces English
fllerinos, of superior quality and colors, being the entire im-
portation of one of the first importing Houses in the country,
anil in anticipation of the season, will be sold at least 25 per
cent, lower than thev can be afl'orded in the Autumn.

,TU"- 13 fills " 'll'l'. Washington-street.

THE IVEIV ENGLAND FARMER

published every Wednesday Evening, at ^3 per annu

,t K3
who

witliia

pavable at the end of the year — but those who pay
sixty daysfroiii the time of subscribing, are entitledlo a deduc-
tion" of fifty cents.

[O^Nopapc will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by FoRn & Damreli,
wlio e.xpcule every description of Book and Fancy Print-
(n;Mn good style, and with promptness. Orders for print-
ing may be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at the Agricul-
tural WarehouBe, No. 52, North Market Street.

jyEW EJfOLrAJVD FARMER.

VOL. XIII.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. UARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH^RKFT ^TRFFT >. .

BOSTOy,JtyEDNESDAY EVENING. SEPTEMB^^TT^TT^

From the i\'. 1'. Commercial Adrertjsrr.
HOW TO HAVE GREEN CORN IIV WINTER.

, Of all the i)i-oiUictioiis of summer, there is
hardly one more mitritioiis ami |i;i!atal)le than
green corn ; yet it l,s proscriheil a.s contrilintinj; lo
some of the complaints of the season. In this,
however, as in many other cases the ingenuity of
man has found means to turn this inconvenience
into good account, by jireparing and keeping this
article for winter use. But the method for doin<r
.this seems not to he universally known. It is
cotiimon in many parts of New England, hut the
writer does not recollect to have seen the prepar-
ed article in our market. It may be so prepared
as to he as good and a^ palatable" in the winter as
in the appropriate season, and may he eaten with
perfect salety, if not as the promoter of health.

The siujple process of preparing it is this : The
Corn must he taken from the stalk when it is full
in the milk, or in that state in which we generallv
use it — the husks stripped oft; and the ears thrown
into a kettle of boiling water, where it may remain
half as long as you would boil it for present use.
This will harden it so that it may be easily taken
from the cob. It njay then be spread in the sun
till it is thoroughly dry. In preparing it for the
table, it may be soaked from twelve to fifteen
hours and boiled in the same water. — But care
must be taken not to boil it too much as that it
will make it hard and diminish its sweetness.

N. B. To get the corn from the cob, everv al-
ternate row may be punched oft' with a sharp
stick, and the remainder wrung off" with the hands
(The above statement is literally true. We have
often ate of corn thus prepared and can bear testi-
mony of its e.xcellence. Our " better half has
prepared a quantity the present season for winter
u.se, and it almost makes onr teeth water to think
of what good eating it will be in January. Green
corn in January, only think of that.— Sttor of the
If'arren, Ohio, jVews Letter.)

NO. 10.

John Stacy, Secretary of the Societv, by 8 o'clock,
A. M. on the day of exhibition.

The Trustees propose a preujium to be given to
the Drivers of a long team of not less liian 100
yoke of oxen. All who intend joining their cattle
to this team, will report thenischc's, with the
number of their oxen to the Chainnan of the Com-
mittee on the long team, before half past 9 o'clock
A. M. '

A procession of oflicers and members of the
Society, will be formed at half past 10 o'clock,
A. M. at Shepherd's Hotel, and proceed to the
Meeting-house, where an Address will be delivered.

After the ceremonies at the" Meeting-house, tile
several Committees will immediately proceed to
the discharge of their duties.

The Trial of Strength and Diseipline of Iforkino-
Oxen, will take place immediately after the sei°-
vices in the Meeting-house. Entries of the same
to be made with the Secretary by 9 o'clock.

A Dinner will be in readiness at 2 o'clock, at
Shepherd's Hotel. Tickets to be had at the Bar
at 75 cents.

At 4 o'clock, P. M. premiums will be publicly
declared at the Court-room, in the Court-house ;
after which the choice of officers will take place.
Da.mkl Shattuck, Joseph Barrett,

RUFUS HoSMER,
Tl.-HOTHY PreSCOTT

Jon> Ueald,
Cyrus Hubbard,

Committee of Arrangements.

Josiah Bartlett,
Edward Jarvis,
Keuee.n Baco.x,

MIDDLESEX CATTLE SHOW,
Exhibition ol Manufactures & Ploughing Slatch,

Concord, October 8, 1834.
The Committee of Arrangements for the ap-
proaching Cattle Show give notice that

All entries of animals for the pens are to be
made to Mr. Phineas How, by 9 o'clock, A. M. on
llie day of the Exhibition.

Such Manufactures and Fabrics, Imjirovements
m Machinery, and Implements of Husbandry as
are ofl'ereii for premium, must be entered at the
Court-bouse by 10 o'clock, A.M. on the day of
exhibition, whore directions and aid will be given.
Persons in the immediate vicinity are requested to
forward their articles, for exhibition at the Court-
house, at as early an hour in the morning as pos-
sible.

The Trustees have appointed a Committee to
award premiums on the best specimens of Apples
Pears, Peaches, Plums aud Grapes, it heinir un-
derstood that such as are ofl'ered will be us"ed at
the Dinner of the Society.

The Ploughing Match will take place at 9 o'-
Elock, A.M. precisely, and those who wish to con-
tend for the prizes must leave their names with

AWARDING C0>:MITTEES APPOINTED BY THE TRUS-
TEES.

On Agricultural Experiments, Farms, Fruit, Mul-
berry, and Forest Trees and Shrubs.— Beujnnim
Dix, Littleton ; Joseph Bradley, Dracut ; 31. M.
Rutter, E. Sudbury; J. H. Loriuir, Groton'; j".
Eustis, S. Reading.

Xeat Cattle— Suimid Hay ward, Boxlioro' ; J.
M. Hartwell, Littleton ; N. S. Bennett, Framing-
ham ; Eli Rice, Malboro' ; Ezra Farnsworth* Gro-
ton.

Jforking O-rm.— Luke Fisk, Walihani ; John
Meriam, Med/brd ; .loel Witcomb, Boxboro', Fran-
cis Tuttle, Acton ; Ephraim Flint, Lincoln'.

Fatted Cattle. — John Keyes, Concord ; Nathan
Hartwell, Littleton; Francis Richardson; Billeri-
ca ; Ephraim Meriam, Concord ; Phineas Whit-
ing, Lowell.

Milch Coxes and Management of Dairies. Tim-
othy Prescott, Concord ; Nabum Hardy, Waltham ;
Ebenezer Davis, Acton ; Nat Fiske, Framing-
ham ; James Draper, E. Sudbury.

Swine. — Josiah Adams, Framingham ; James
Wood, Concord: Paul Hay ward, Boxboro'; Noah
Shattuck, Groton ; Zacheus Reed, AVestford.

Butter and Cider. — Samuel A. Coburn, Lowell ;
Moses Edgill, Framingham ; Jonathan Rice, Marl-
boro' ; Moses Pricliard, Concord ; Augustus Tow-
er, Stow.

^ Fruit. — J. B. Varnum, Dracut ; Ahiier Wheeler,
Framingham; Paul Kittredge, Chelmsford ; Imala
Goodhue, Westford ; Jonas Parker, Carlisle.

Cotton, Woollen and Linen Manufactures Dan-
iel Shattuck, Concord ; Benjamin Muzzey, Lex-

ington ; Elij;,h Hale, Stow; Phineas How, Con'
cord ; John White, Acton.

■ Straw i?o)ine<s._Eliphalet Wheeler, Framino-.
liam ; Stevens Hayward, Acton ; Thomas Whit-
ney, Shirley ; NahumHarwood, Littleton; Benja-
min Muzzey, Lexington.

Boots and S/iom.— Nehemiah Ball Concord •
John Fletcher, Acton ; Elisha Tolman, Concord'
Jacob Osgood, Westford ; Asa Nutting, Carlisle.

ien^^er.— Abijah Thomp.^on, Wohurn ; Benja-
min Dix, Littleton ; Isaac Brooks, Lincoln ; Peter
Fletcher, Stow; Edmund Wheeler, Lincoln.

Invenlions, «,-c.— J. M. Cheney, Concord ; John
Wade, Wohurn ; James Draper, E. Sudbury ■
VVilliam Adams, Chelmsford ; Levi Wilson Dra-
cut.

PLODGHIKG MATCH.

Single Teams.— Da\\A Townsend, Waltham •
Jona. Rice, Marlboro'; Edward Wetherbee, Ac-
ton ; Daniel Crosby, Bedford; Charles A.Wheel-
er, Lincoln.

Double Team.—m. M. Rutfer, E. Sudbury
John Heald, Carlisle; Abel Moore, Concord-
Timothy Page, Bedford ; Moses Whitney, Stow.

Long Team.— Xmhony Wright, Concord ; Si-
mon I[osmer, Acton ; Cyrus Heald, Carlisle •
Ehah B. Lane, Bedford; Asa Brooks, Concord •'
Joseph IMiles, Jr. Concord; James Wood, Con-
cord.

MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY

FOR PROMOTING AGRICULTURE.

Premium List.. ..1834.

The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for
Promoting Agriculture believe that the interest of
agriculture will be better promoted by appropriat-
ing all the money at their disposal, for premiums
for the encouragement oi well cultivated farms, the
operations of the dairy, a thorough field culture of
vegetable and grain crops, agricultural experiments,
discoveries and inventions, for trees and live hedges]
than by distributing any portion of it to the object^
usually exhibited at the Cattle Show, in Brighton,
and trust that they shall be justified in omitting the'
show for the present year. They hope the omis-
sion will not in any degree relax the energies of
Agriculturists, but awaken their attention, and
stimulate them to raising prime cattle for labor,
and for the dairy, and the general improvement of
other animals, that the cattle show in 183.5, may
exhibit a greater degree of e.xcellence than in for-
mer years, in the selection and preference for the
best stocks.

In conformity with these views, the Trustees
have concluded not to have a Cattle Show, a:
Brighton, this autumn, but propose to have an 'ex-
hibition of Butter aud Cheese, at a place to be de-
signated hereafter by the Trustees, on Wednesday,
the third day of December next.

The following premiums are oftered :
For Sutler and Cheese exhibited, without regard to
the place of Manifaclure.
For the best lot, in tubs, pots or firkins, not less

than 300 lbs ^iqq qq

For the next best, not less than 300 lbs. 50 00
For the best, less than 300 Jbs. and not
less than 100 lbs. - - . 30 00

74

NEW ENGLAND FARMRU

SEPTEMBER IT, 1S3*.

For the next best, less than 300 lbs. and
not less than 50 lbs. - - " -0 00

For the best, less than 100 lbs. and not
less than 50 lbs. - - - ■ " /'^ ««

For tlie next best, less than 100 lbs. and
not less than 50 lbs. - - - !» «'»

For the best lot of Cheese, not less than
one year old, and not less in quantity than

300 lbs. ^^"''

For the next best, not less than one year
old, and not less in quantity than 300 lbs. 30 00

For the best Cheese, less tlian one year
old, and not less in (luantity than 300 lbs. 50 00
For the next best, of not less quantity, M 00
The claimant fur the several premiums on But-
ter to be exhibited in the month of December next,
must state, in writing, the following particulars,
viz. : the number of cows kept on his farm ; the
mode of keeping; the treatment of the milk and
cream before churning ; the mode of churning,
winter and summer ; the measures adopted to ex-
press the butter-milk ; the quantity and sort of
salt employed ; whether saltpetre, or any other
substances have been used in the process ; the
best time for churning and keeping butter in hot
weather, and the best mode of preserving it, m
and through the summer and winter, and in what
vessels.

The claimants for the several premiums on
Cheese, must state the mode of making the same,
and the following particulars, viz. : the number
of cows kept ; wliether the Cheese is made from
the proceeds of one, two, or more milkings ;
whether any addition is made of cream ; the quan-
tity and sort of salt used, and the quantity of ren-
net ; the mode of pressure, and the treatment of
the Cheese afterwards.

Farmers in the several States are invited to
compete for these premiums.

Claims for the premiums on Bulter and Cheese
must be made in writing, addressed to Benjajiin
Guii-n, Esq. Boston, post paid, on or bef)re the
2d of December next ; and the parcels deposited
before Wednesday the 3d, at a place to be desig-
nated hereafter by the Trustees, on which day, at
10 o'clock, before noon, the Committee will pro-
ceed to examine the lots offered for premium, and
none will be admitted after that hour.

The premiums will be awarded at the same
place on Thursday the 4th.

Each lot must be marked with the initials of
the owner's name, and the place of manufacture
It is particularly recommended to the competi-
tors, that the Butter be put up in the nicest man-
ner.

And to take notice, that there will be a public
auction after tlie examination by the Coinmittec,
and those who desire to sell will have an oppor-
tunity without any charge for auctioneer's fees,
but the government duty must be paid by the
owners of the butter and cheese. The Commit-
tee will be at liberty to withhold from the auction
sale, any parcels, either of butter or cheese, which
thev may have reason to su;ipose, from the ordi-
nary quality of the same, or other circumstances,
may have been sent merely for sale.

Mr. Edmund T. Hastings, No. 37, Commer-
cial street, has very lil)erally offered the use of his
spacious apartments, lijr those gentlemen compe-
titors who wish their biUter and cheese sent to
Boston, before the public hall is prepared to re-
ceive them.

The best cuHivaltd Farms.

For the best cultivated farm, - 8150 00

For the ne.xt best cultivated farm, 100 00

The farm to consist of not less than 70 acres,

exclusive of woodland. The owner or tenant, to

entitle himself to either of the premiums, must

state in writing, the nature and quality of the soil ;

the proportions suitable for tillage, mowing, and

pasturing, respectively, and especially the quantity

of irrigated meadow or low land, which is never

tilled or ploughed, with as much particularity as

he is able.

The number of acres planted the present year
with corn, potatoes, and other vegetables.

The number sowed with winter and spring
grains, and other vegetables, specifying the seve-
ral kinds, and the number of acres planted or
sown with each.

The quantity and kind of manure used for each
crop, and the times and manner of applying it.
The quantity and quality of each crop.

The number of acres mowed the present year,
what proportion upland, what meadow or land
that had never been ploughed, the kind of grass
and quantity of hay, according to the best of his
knowledge, judgment, and belief. liis manner
of dressing and manuring his meadow or mow-
inu, and laying down his tilled land to grass, the
kinds of grass seed, the quantity of each, the time
of year it is sown, and whether with oats, barley
or other grain, or alone.

The number of acres of pasture— what pro-
portion, is in natural grass, and what proportion
has been ploughed, and with what kinds of grass
seed, and what quantity per acre, it was laid
down : and whether it was sown with grain, and
what grain, or alone, and at what time.

The number of apple trees on the farm ; the
proportion grafted ; whether planted in orchards
or partly by the fences against the road ; the
quantity of winter apples gathered and cider
made ; treatment of trees, and manner of making
cider.

The form and dimensions of barn, sheds, and
barnyard, and manner of collecting and making
manure.

The number of oxen, cows, and young stock,
horses, and sheep, kept on the farm through tlie
year, and the quantity of butter and cheese made,
distinguishing; the new milk from the other
cheese, and the breed of cows, whether foreign,
I mixed, or native.

The number of swine and the quantity of pork
I made.

The labor employed in carrying on the farm,
and the quantity of ardent spirits consumed.

As it is deemed important to ascertain the best
rotationof crops, it is expected that the applicants
for these premiums will state the kind of crop, if
not able to state the quantity, raised on the sever-
al and respective pieces of tillage, mowing, and
pasture land described in their statements, for two
years next preceding the present one.

The manner of feeding his stock in winter sea-
son ; whether he gives his milch cows, or oxen,
grain or roots of any kind, and the kind and quan-
tity-

His treatment of calves he intends to raise ;

whctlier ho lets them continue to suck, or weans
them soon after born ; how soon ; what food he

i gives them, and how long he continues to feed

I them.

If it be a sheep farm, the manner he treat*
his sheep in the winter; wliether they are housed,
or left out in the yard, the food given them, and
the time tliey generally lamb.

The Trustees think, that the utility of this pre-
mium materially depends on the particulars above
mentioned being slated, with as much exactness
as the nature of the business will admit ; they do
not, however, expect that the mowing, pasture, or
tillage land, should be actually surveyed, or the
hay "weighed ; but only that the applicant should
ascertaiii the quantities with as great accuracy as
he can without, and state them according to his
best judgment and belief. They think it proper
further to observe, that, while they expect a sub-
stantial compliance with the terms above speci-
fied, an omission, or want of exactness in some
of the less important particulars, will not pre-
clude an applicant from the premium, if, on the
whole, his farm shall appear to be so well culti-
vated, as otherwise to entitle him to it.

The whole statement to be sworn to by the
applicant. The Trustees to be at liberty, in all
cases, before they award the premium, to visit, by
a committee, or such other persons as they may
appoint, the farms of tiie applicants, if they deem
it expedient.

N.' B. Claims to be addressed to Btiijcmin
Guild, Efq. in Boston, (post i)aid) before the
first daij of Novemljer next; and the evidence to
support them to be sent as above, on or bcjorc the
first day of January, 1835.

Vegdahk and Grain Crops.
For the greatest quantity of Carrots on an acre,
not less than GOO bushels, - - f 20 00

For the ureatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not less than 300 bushels, - 10 00

For the greatest quantity of Potatoes on
an acre, not less than 500 bushels, - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not less than 250 bushels, - 10 00

For the greatest quantity of common
Beets on an acre, not less than GOO bushels, 20 00

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, no^ less than 300 bushels, - 10 CO

For the greatest quantity of jWong-fnF(/r^
zri, or Scarcity Root, on an acre, not less
than 600 bushels, - - - - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not less than 300 bushels, - 10 00

For the greatest quantity of Sugar Beets
on an acre, not less than GOO bushels, 20 00

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not le'ssthan 300 bushels, - 10 CO'

For the greatest quantity of Parsnips on
auacre, not less than 400 bushels, - 20 00 '

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not less than 200 bushels, - 10 00

For the greatest quantity of Ruta Baga
on an acre, not less than GOO bushels, 20 00

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not less than 300 bushels, 10 00

For the greatest quantity of common
Turnips on an acre, not less than (iOO bush-

els, , ,20 00

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not less than 300 bushels, - 10 00

For the greatest quantitv of Onions on an
acre, not less than GOO bushels, - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of ditto on half
an acre, not less than 300 bushels, - 10 00

vol,, xm. NO. 10.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

75

For the greatest quantity of Cabbages on
an acre, not le^s than '^.j tons weight, free

20 00

laif

from earth when weighci.l.

For tlie greatest quantity of ditto on
au aero, not less than 1:} tons, - 10 00

For the greatest quantity of Vegetables
(Grain, Peas and Beans, excepted) for home
consumption and not for sale ; raised for
the keeping of stock, regard being had to
the size of the farm in proportion to the
crop, and to the number of the stock kept ;
and also to the respective value of the vege-
tables as food, and the expense of raising
the same, 30 GO

For the greatest quantity of Indian Corn
on an acre, not less than 100 bushels, 20 00

For tlie greatest quantity of WinterVVheat
on an acre, not less than 30 bushels, 20 00

For tiie greatest quantity of Barley on an
acre, not li;ss than 45 bushels, - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of Rye on an
acre, not less than thirty bushels, - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of Millet on an
acre, cut and cured for hay, not less than 3
tons ; the claimant giving evidence of the
time of sowing, the quantity of seed sown,
and the quantity of hay produced, - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of dry Peas on
an acre, not less than 30 bushels, - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of dry Beans on
an acre, not less than 30 bushels, - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of xVIustard Seed,
not less than 20 bushels, - - - 20 00

For the greatest quantity of dressed Flax,
not less than 500 lbs. from an acre, 20 00

For the greatest quantity, and best quality
of Hemp on an acre, - - - 40 00

It is to be understood that the quantity of land
specified above, is, in each case, to be in one
piece. And the claimant of any of the above pre-
miums, shall, with one other person, make oath
to the following particulars before some Justice of
the Peace, and with a certificate of the same
shall obtain a certificate of the measurement of
the land by some sworn surveyor.

The particulars are —

1. The condition of the land in the spring of
1834.-

2. The product, and general state of cultiva-
tion and quality of manure used u])on it the pre-
ceding year.

3. The quantity of manure the present season.

4. The quantity of seed used, and if potatoes,
the sort.

5. The time and manner of sowing, weeding,
and harvesting the crop, and the amount of the
product ascertained by actual measurement, after
the whole produce for which a premium is
claimed, is harvested, and the entire expense of
cultivation.

G. Of Indian Corn, the entire crop of the acre
to be offered for pi-emium, is to be shelled and
measured in the presence of the claimant, who is
to make oath to the truth of the statement made
by the person or persons, who did harvest, shell,
and measure it ; and to be measured between the
fifteenth of November, 1834, and the first day of
January, 1835.

7. At least 40 bushels of the vegetables, for
which a premium is claimed, (except potatoes,
onions, and common turnips,) are to be weighed,
and -56 pounds, free from the dirt, will be consid-
ered as a bushel.

Experimevts, Discoveries, and Inventions.

For the experiment of turning in Green Crops
as a manure, on a tract, not less than one acre,
and proving, its utility, giving a particular account
in writing, under oath, of the process and the re-
sult, $20 00

For the most successful use of the Drill
Plough, in the cultivation of any small
grams or seeds, on a scale of not less tiian
one acre, 20 00

For an effectual and satisfactory mode
of destroyini; the Beenioth, or of prevent-
ing its ravages, - - - - 20 00

For an ettectual and satisfactory mode of
extirpating tl e Worm that attacks the lo-
cust tree, 100 00

For a new, effectual, and satisfactory
mode of extirpating the Borer which at-
tacks the apple tree, - - - 50 00

For any newly invented Agricultural Im-
plement, or Machine, superior to any de-
signed for the same use, that shall have
heretofore gained a premium, a reward not
exceeding twenty dollars, according to the
importance of the mvention, - - 20 00
Trees and Live Hedges.

For the greatest quantity of raw or unmanu-
factured Silk, not less than ten pounds, raised
by the claimant„„and presented before the 1st
December, 1834',' - - - fe,20 00

For the best plantation of White Oak
trees, not less tlian one acre, nor fewer
than 1000 trees per acre — raised from the
acorn — not less than three years old, and
which shall be in the most thriving state on
the 1st September, 1834, - - 100 00

For the best plantation of White Ash,
Larch, and Yellow Locust trees, each of
not less than one acre, nor fewer than
1000 trees per acre, to be raised from the
seeds, and which trees not less than three
years old, shall be in the most flourishing
state on the 1st September 1834, 50 00

For the best Buckthorn Hedge, not
less than 100 rods, and which shall be
in the most thriving state in lSo4, 50 00

Rules and Regulations.

Claims under the two last heads, together with
the proper evidence, must be delivered to Benja-
min Guild, Esq. in Boston, free of expense, on or
before the first day of January, 1835.

Claims for the premiums on vegetable and
grain cVops, and experiments and inventions, to-
gether with the evidences required, are to be in
writing, and sent, free of expense, to Benjamin
Guild, Esq. in Boston, Assistant Recording Sec-
retary, on or before the 1st day of December
next, and they will be exanained by the commit-
tee, previous to the 'ith of December.

It is understood, that whenever, merely from
want of competition, any of the claimants may be
considered entitled to the premium, under a lit-
eral construction ; yet, if in the opinion of the
judges, the object so offered is not deserving of
any reward, the judges shall have a right to reject
such claims. Persons to whom premiums shall
be awarded, may, at their option, have an article
of plate, with suitable inscriptions, in lieu of the
money.

In cases where pecuniary premiums are offered,
the Trustees may, having regard to the circum-
stances of the competitors, award either the Soci-

ety's gold or silver medals, in lieu of the pecunia-
ry prtmium annexed to the several articles.

That if any competitor for any of the Society's
premiums shall be discovered to have used any
disingenuous measures, by which the objects of
the Society have been defeated, such person shall
not only forfeit the premium which may have
been awarded to him, but be rendered incapable
of being ever after a competitor for any of the So-
ciety's premiums.

Time of Paying Premiums. — The Treasurer
will attend on Thursday, the 4th of December, at
12 M. to pay all premiums awarded.

All premiums not demanded within six months
after they shall have been awarded, shall be
deemed to have been generously given to aid the
funds of the Society.

By order of the Trustees,

JOHN WELLES, \

JOHN HEARD, } Committee.

BENJ. GUILD, j

September 1, 1834.

From the iXationnl hiftl/i'y^:iicer, August 27.
COVERING FOR HOUSES.

First give the rafters a clase sheathing of one
inch tliick seasoned boards, and then make a ce-
ment of liciil«d plaster of Paris, and tar, rub in a
quantity of sharp sand, (or what is better still the
liorings of cannon) and let it be trowelled smooth ;
when peifeetly dry give a coat of paint. My
opinion is, that this mode ofcovei'lng houses is
pref(!rahle to all others for cheapness, durability,
and is perfectly secure from fire. Try the exper-
iment. Q, IX THE CORNER.

AGRICUIiTURAli.

The Indian corn croji is now in progress of be-
ing script of its top and blades, and the melancholy
anticipation but recently entertained of scarcity
is but too apparent. Up to the 12th of August, so
well had the crop been cultivated, that an ample
rain then would have madeabundantcro[>s, but after
that the failure of the crop for want of rain every
where became palpable, and every day from that
to the 30th it has been growing worse and worse,
in some of our best'lands, always best cultivaied,
there will not be a half crop — in a portion of those
lands there will not be a third of a crop. A farm
or two may be (bund which has a pretty saving
crop on it, but it is only a farm or two — the gen-
eral calculation made hardly rises to a half crop —
indeed there is a great deal of land in corn that
will not jirodnce one-sixth or one-tenth of a cro|)
— some lands literally nothing. It is to be feared
that this condition is not much bettered on any
part of the eastern shore. In parts of Cecil, ami
in parts of Caroline we are gratified with the re-
port that the drought has been trifling, and the
promise of crops better. God grant it inay be
true ! but elsewhere we fear it is as bad as in Tal-
bot. Talbot will certainly not grow more Indian
com this year than will be essentially necessary
lor her own consumjjtion. Our elder and most
observant liu'iners say, it is the worst croj) in their
remembrance.

The pastures are burnt up and all stork is suf-
fering but sheep — mutton never was finer than it
will probably be this fall.

The fine showers thia week, and heavy rain
yesterday, have been of little service to the corn,
us it was too far advanced — but the gardens and
pastures are much revived. — Easton (Md.j Gaz.

76

NEVV ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER ir, 1834.

From the Maiuf. Faniur.
CATTLE.

IT is known that I have been endeavoring, in ii
small way for a few years, to breed some good
cattle.

Believing that it would not he iirofitalde for me,
or for fanners in general to keep several dislinot
breeds, it has been my ohjeet to make np a breed
wliieh shall nnite in the greatest possible degree
ilie (uialilies essential for the diiiri/, the yoke, and
tlie stall. In a word, to obtain that breed whieli
is best suited to our soil, climate, and general pur-
poses.

To effect this great object, I liave tlioiiglit it
iiecijssary to regard, as of the frst importance,
slrcnglh, or hardihood of constitution. The great
importance of this principle rests on the following
plain reasons :

1. Onr climate is rigorous. Our cattle are
obliged to endure the most extreme cold in winter,
and the most oppressive heat in summer; and are
besides subject to the conserpiences of vervsudde^i
transitions from one extreme of weather to another.

•2. We are obliged to feed our cattle on dry
food, (which is unnatural,) for one half of the year.

3. Our cattle have not the luxuriant banks of
the Tecs and the Rhine to graze over in summer,
but our pastures though in njany instances aflbrd-
ing excellent grass, are in general rugged, requir-
ing the animal to use almost constant exercise and
labor.

4. Our oxen are required to perform at certain
seasons of the year, hard labor in the yoke.

d. An animal will not thrive, give milk, or per-
form labor to advantage if it feels unwell, so that
if its constitution is so weak as to be in any de-
gree affected by any of the above causes, its value
lor any useful purpose will be to the same degree
iujpaired.

Having in view the object above mentioned, I
made my first selections not from precisely the
same family, but from different families, and in
one or two instances from somewhat different
breeds. I have had different families of the im-
proved Short Horns, in the breed of Denton, Ca-
lebi, Holderness, JMmiral, and JVije-Comit, crossed
with the ISakewell, and also with the Hereford-
shire breed, sent to Mas.sachusetts by Admiral Sir
Isaac Coffin, of the Royal Navy. I have also
had a few individuals of the breed or breeds im-
ported from England by C. Vaughan, Esq.

With my stock I have used for four years, a
bull called Young Sir Isaac, bred by Hon. John
Wf.li.ks, of Boston, and have now his progeny of
my own raising, from calves to three years old,
which I am willing the public should see. Their
qualities for the dairy and yoke are to be sure aS
yet hardly developed, but perhaps enough can be
seen to justify an opinion.

The above bull has attracted considerable no-
tice in the country, aiul divers opinions have been
given of his merits. Some have snid that Ije and
his progeny could not make workers, or travellers,
becan.se of their very heavy build, and because
tiiey have " too much fleshiness between the
thighs." Others liave had fears that his stock
would not make milkers, because they have such
an extraordinary propensity to fatten, and others
again have said that he was of a " small breed "
that his stock would " never grow to size enoui'li
to command high prices."

For an answer to the first of these objections, I
must refer to the form and action of the anitnal

himself; and as I have now no direct interest in
hini^ perhaps I may be permitted to say that I
never saw one of his species which could travel
with more ease, fleetness, or power than he ; and
so far as respects the working projjerlies of his
progeny, I must request a suspension of judgtiient
until an opportunity is given for the production of
|)root'.

The olijection that the stock will not make
milkers, I believe is vanishing as fast as they come
to milk.

To refute the objection that the bull is of a
small breed, is small hims(^lf, and that his i)rogeny
is small, I refer to his |)edigree, to his own weight,
and to the size of his progeny, (considering their
keeping,) wjiich has been exhibited at our Cattle
Shows, and which will probably be exhibited at
the ensiling Show. I appeal to, you, Mr. Editor,
whether an animal ought to be considered smalt,
which had only the milk of a cow which had been
farrow for 6 years from September, (the time of
his birth,) to November, and afterwards no other
keeping than ordinary hay and water, and which
weighed at 6 years old, very nearly 2000 lbs.?

Pedigree of Young Sir Isaac. — Got by Cygnets
— dam Daffy. Cygnet by imported Herefordshire
bull. Sir Isaac, — dam Great Roan, by imported
Short Horn Bull Coelehs, — grand-dam, a cow of
the Bakewell breed, from the stock imported by
Gn.Ef:RT Stewart, Esq. D^y by Coelehs, —
dam, Brookle-fan, by imported Short Horn bull,
Holderness — grand-dam of the Bakewell breed
from the Stewart's stock.

I have not thought it necessary here to trace his
pedigree any farther to the imported animals in
his genealogy.

The cow Great Roan, the dam of Young Sir
Isaac's Sire was slaughtered in June, 1832. She
had given milk until she was ttirned to grass that
spring, and would liave calved in four or five
weeks from the time she was killed, and had no
other keeping than hay and common jiasturage,
yet her nett weight was 956 lbs.

It was my intention to have offered one or two
of my best cows for the Society's premium at the
next show, but as they were gone from home dii-
ririg the l)est part of the season for ascertaining
their greatest product for the dairy, I must defer
it until another year.

I shall, however, offer Daffy, and perhaps one
or two others for exhibition only, together with
some young stock, the progeny of Young Sir
Isaac, all of which I wish the public to examine,
and after taking every thing into the scale, and
making a fair comparison, say how far I have at-
tained the olijects I have aimed at, and whether
there is any evidence that the stock is of a small
breed. Sanford Howard.

Vaughan Farm, Halloioell, Sept. 3, 1834.

From the Gencsrr Farmer.
IMPORTED CATTIiE FOR GENESEE COUNTY.

.Ilbany, July 17, 1834.

Dear Sir — The introduction of superior cattle
into this country, from whatever source, must al-
ways be a subject of interest to agriculturists; and
peculiarly so at the present time, when the atten-
tion of farmers and others is directed to the im-
provement of stock.

Many of our western readers will be gratified
to learn that they are about having an accession
to their stock, of several valuable animals, of the

" Improved Short Horn breed," which have re-
cently arriied from England.

The tow boats of yesterday brought to this city
two Bulls, one Cow, and one Heifer, the property
of Peter A. Remse.n, Esq. late of the city of New
York, and destined for his farm in the town of
Alexander, Genesee county. New York. The
cow, heifer, and one bull, are of the " Improved
Short Horn breed," and fully exhibit the peculiar
traits of that variety ; though at ju'esent they aj)-
pear to great disadvantage, in consequence of their
loss of flesh during a long passage.

The other bull is apparently a Devon ; but so
young and his form so little developed, that I
could not determine with certainty his breed.
They are all, however, beautiful animals, but es-
pecially the Devon bull and Short Horn heifer.

The consignee informs me, that a perfect pedi-
gree accompanies them, and that Mr. Remsen pur-
chased them at a great price in England. Their
passage -alone from England to his farm in Alex-
ander, will cost about .^80 each.

The recent introduction of so many valuable
animals into the western i)art of this State, will
render the farmers in that region exceedingly cul-
pable if they do not embrace the opportunity to
improve their own stock and that of our country.
Yours, &c. W. S. RossiTER.

THE AVHEAT INSECT.

The wheat crop has been more or less injured
in the northern states, for some years, by small
maggots which i)rey upon the kernel while grow-
ing in the field, and before the grain has become
hard. In some instances nearly the entire crop
has been destroyed, while in other cases the inju-
ry has o'tily been partial. It has been generally
believed, that the maggots have proceeded from a
fly, which deposits its egg wdiile the wheat is in
blossom, or soon after. It has also been remark-
ed, that the fly is seen but a few days; and that if,
during its presence, the wheat ear has either not
burst in the sheath, or is far advanced towards
maturity, no evil is experienced from the insect.
In some instances late sown grain has escaped
most, and in other cases it lias suffered most. No
general rule upon this point can be laid down.
Nor has any preventive of the evil been published
among us. The most plausible recommendation
that we have heard mentioned, is to strew fresh
slacked lime over the field soon after the grain is
out of blossom. This is recommended to be done
early in the morning, while the dew is U|>on the
grain. At this time the maggots are small and
tender, and the causticity of the lime, brought in
contact with- them by the dew, it is thought will
destroy them. If the field is laid in ridges or nar-
row lanes, the lime may be thrown from the mid-
dle or water furrows, without lu-ejudiee to the
grain. Though this is mere theory, we think it
worth a trial ; and we beg to be apprized of the
result of any trial that may be made upon this
suggestion, be it favorable or otherwise.

A very sensible writer in the Penny Magazine,
F. Bauer, has written several communications up-
on the diseases of wheat and other grain, which
contain the residt of close and continued examina-
tion, and are accompanied with drawings showing
the appearance of the diseased grain, and of the
fungi and insects which cause these diseases. He
considers the smut in grain a parasitic plant, or
fungus, whose seeds are so minute as to pass from
the seed grain in the soil, with the ascending sap,

VO>^. XIII. XO. 10.

II '' ■

AND HORTICULTURAL JOtJliNAL.

to iIk; ear of

(luces siiuitty

the sijed in strong lime vviiter,

kills the seed of the smut.

the grain, where it grows and |n-o-

jraiu. Ills preventive is to stee|)

wliieh he supposes

There is no doubt

77

liuiing seed wheat is a sure

Thousands of trials, made

Europe, leave not a douht

that the steeping and
^ remedy against smut.
in this country and in
U]ioii this subject.

IMr. Bauer's last con)munication is on what he
calls Ihe grain worms (vibrio tritici), and is accom-
panied with drawings of the diseased grain, and of
tile insects as tiiey appear under a highly magni-
fying microscope. The disease is known in Eng-
land under the ditierent names of ear cockle, broicn
purple, and burnt corn. Mr. B.'s experiments and
observations were commenced in 1807, anti were
continued down to 1823, at vvliirh time he conj-
municated a detailed account of them to the Royal
Society, which may be seen in the Philosophical
Transactions of the latter year. We do not feel
conjpetent to decide, whether the grain worms de-
scribed by Jlr. Bauer are the same as those which
attack our wheat, but we are inclined to the ojiin-
ion that they are identical. We subjoin an ex-
tract trotn Mr. B.'s communication, which cannot
fail to interest the fanner as well as the naturalist.
"Being fully convinced that the worms or their
eggs, like the seeds of the pepper brand and dust
brand [smut], must be absorbed by the germinat-
ing" seed corn, and profielled by the circulating
sap into the young gerniens, and reflecting that I
had successfully inoculated the wheat grains with
the liiiigi, I determined to try the same experi-
ment with the worms; accordingly, I selected a
sufficient number of sound wheat grains, and ex-
tracting a small jjortion of the worms frgm the
cavities of the infected grains, (which had been
previously soaked in water about an hour,) and
placing some in the grooves on the jiosterior sides
of the sound grain, I left them for some days to
get dry, and planted theni in the ground on the
/til Oct. 1807. At the same time 1 planted some
sound wheat grains in separate holes, about two
inclies deep, and in each hole two or three infect-
ed grains also. About the middle of Nov. most of
the seeds had come up, and from time to time I
took some of these young plants for examination,
but did not perceive any etlect of the inoculation
until the 3d Dec. when out of nine plants, five
Bpiieared to be affected with worms. In the first
plant, alter carefully splitting the young plant from
the roots U(iwards, I found in the unorganized
Bubstance, between the radicle and plunuila, three
young worms very lively, but not much larger
than those with wliicli the corn was inoculated ;
in another plant I found a full sized worm, but no
eggs about it ; in the third plant I found a still
larger worm than the last, but in dividing the stem
I had cut the worm in two, and it soon died ; it
seemed to be full of eggs; in the other two plants
[ I'ound some worms quite young, and some half
^rown ; but on the other four plants the inocula-
;ion had no effect. The fact that, at such an early
stage of the vegetation of these inoculated seed
{lams, such large worms were found, confirms
iiy first supposition, that it requires several gener-
itions of these worms to introduce their eggs into
he young gerinens ; the large worms found in the
substance of the young stem were undoubtedly
!ome of the worms with which the seed corn was
noculated, for they were on the point of laying
heir eggs in that stage, and these eggs being
(gain propelled by the rising sap a stage farther,

there come to maturity, and then lay their eggs,
and thus progressively reach the elementary sub-
stance of the ear, where they are finally deposited
in the then forming grain ; the whole progress
probably requires three or four reproductions."

nir. B. then describes many subsequent examin-
alions of infected plants, and continues:

" My experiments for resuscitating the grain
worms, I have repeated almost every succeeding
year to this day, and always with the same suc-
cess ; hut I find that the longer the specimens are
kept dry, the grains require to lay in water a
greater length of time before the grains will re-
cover ; and that after the saiae specimens had
been kept dry six years and one month, the worms
were ail really dead.

That this disease is contagious, is sufiiciently
proved by the fact, that it can at pleasure be suc-
cessfully inoculated on the soundest seed corn.
The infection, however, is not so generally nor so
readily communicated as the disease occasioned by
the fungi of the smut balls or dust brand, a few
infected ears of which are capable of contaminat-
ing and infecting the whole contents of a barn.
Grains infected with these worms having no em-
bryo, cannot vegetate and produce again \liseased
grains of themselves but can only communicate
the infection by coming in contact with the ger-
minating seed corft in the soil, by the moisture of
which the worms are revived and extricate them-
selves, which I have so often observed they do
when kept some time in water.

" Steeping the seed corn in lime water, in the
same manner as advised for preventing the dis-
eases occasioned by the fungi, is the most efl^ectual
method of preventing the spreading of this disease.
I have repeated the experiment by inoculating,
very strongly, sound wheat grains, with the worms,
and afterwards steeping them in lime water, and
the infection was always prevented ; I have also
steeped some sound wheat grains in lime water,
and after having kept them in a dry state for some
days, I inoculated them strongly with the worms,
but on examining the plants, not one case of in-
fection occurred. From these facts it is evident,
that properly steeping the seed corn in lime water,
before sowing, is a sure preventive of the disease
occasioned by grain worms." — Cultivator.

From the Ohio Farmer.
PliANTING FRUIT TREES.

I HAVE for many years devoted a good part ot
my time in raising fruit trees. I have watched
my own experiments, as well as those of my neigh-
bors, with a critic's eye, and feel a desire of lay-
ing before your readers my plan of planting trees.
I do not claim the

pre-eminence over any one,
neither do 1 set myself up as a criterion for others
to be governed by ; but having tried various ways,
sometimes with partial success, and sometimes
with the entire loss of my trees, 1 feel satistied
with my present plan of planting, and hesitate not
to recommend it to others for trial.

The tree to be planted should be as young as
circumstances will ailmit. The best season for
planting is just when the leaves begin to turn yel-
low in the fall ; — the spring will answer if done
very early ; the ground being prepared and the
tree taken up, prune the roots with a sharp knife,
so as to leave none over a foot long ; and if any
have been torn ofl" nearer to the stem, prune the
part so that no bruises or ragged parts remain ;
cut off all the fibres close to the roots, for they
never live, but mould, and do a material injury ;

if they be cut oft' their place is quickly supplied
with others; dig the hole twice as big, and one
foot deeper, than the roots actually need for room ;
have fine earth and very fine rich mould, mixed
together ; lay some of this one foot deep at the
bottom of the hole; place the roots upon this in
their natural order, and hold tJie tree perfectly
straight, while you put sifted earth in the roots,
move the tree different ways, and give it a gentle
lift and shake, so that the fine earth may find its
way among the smallest roots, filling up the least
cavity; every root should he pressed by the earth
that is thrown in. When you have covered all
the roots with the sifted earth, and have found
that the tree is planted just as it originally stood,
allowing four inches for it to settle; fill up the rest
of the hole with common earth, and when you
have nearly filled it, tread lightly on the dirt, then
fill the remainder of the hole, leaving the top as
light and smooth as possible ; use no water, it
sinks rapidly down, makes cavities among the
roots, lets in air; the roots will mould and canker,
and the tree often die. If the tree be planted ear-
ly in October, it will have struck out roots a num-
ber of inches long before winter sets in, and this

must he the best time for doing the business.

They have the fall and winter to become perfectly
settled, and in spring they have nothing to do but
meet the genial rays of the sun, and to grow.
The roots should he out of ground as short a time
as possible, and if the roots become partially dry,
soak them a few hours in soft water. If the tree
be for an orchard, it should be five or six feet
high, unless cattle can be kept out; and each one
should be kejit steady by a stake, for if they be
moved about by the wind, the roots hecome loose
and the tree injured, — if the trees be very short
they will require no stake. They ought to be
planted the second year after budding or grafting.
If the tree be planted out in the fall, the head
should be shortened down in the spring. If you
plant in the spring, do it as early as possible, but
the ground must be dry on the top when you
plant, and as soon as the buds begin to swell,
shorten the head. After a spring planting, guard
against the drought, by laying small stones round
the tree, to the distance of two feet from the cen-
tre.— As it respects the distance of planting, this
depends upon the different kinds of liuit, as some
need more distance than others.

HONEY BEES.

Important Suggestion. A respectable farmer of
this neighborhood called on us a few days since,
for the [lurpose of inviting us to give publicity to
a practice adopted by him for preserving bees
through the winter, which he considers as one of
great utility and importance to farmers who pro-
duce their own honey. Our informant states that
he has kept bees for a number of years, and after
pursuing several expedients for the preservation of
bees through the cold weather, he last fall placed
his hives U|)oi) a suitable bench in his cellar which
was perfectly dry, and from which all light was
excluded. Upon bringing the hives again into the
open air a few days ago, the bees exhibited an un-
usual degree of healthiness aud activity, and there
were but a yety small number of dead ones in any
of the hives. This experiment is, in our infor-
mant's opinion a very successful one, and well
worthy the attention of those farmers who engage
in this branch of rural economy. It is at least de-
serving of a repetition — West Cheiler Herald,

78

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER ir, 1 '!34,

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPT. 17, 1834.

PARMER'S WORK.

MANURE IN PASTURES, cfcc.

" Every fortnight," says an English Agricultu-
rist " I send my boy with a shovel and wheel-
barrow to take up the dung in the pastures, which
is put on a heap and covered up with earth or
ashes ; as I think that nothing encourages and
promotes the rank and strong tufts of grass, which
take up a great part of most grass land, and
which the cattle will not touch, more than the too
common practice of suffering llie dung to remain
on the ground. By a strict adherence to tlie
above method of taking up the dung, my pastures
become an entire level of grass. In a few weeks
the grass is grown on the places where the dung
was laid, and not a vestige of the dung is to be
seen. But in those pastures where the above is
not practised 1 usually find a great part of tbein
incommoded with numerous tufts of rank grass,
and a great quantity of dung, especially in au-
tuNiU when llie pastures begin to fail, and tliis in
fact is to diminish or take nearly an eighth of such
ppstures, not to mention the very great diflerence
of the ilung both in quantity and quality."*
~ In Great Britain, land is dear and labor cheap,
and as circumstances alter cases, it njay with ns
be a question whether the course above recom-
mended is advisable. But farmers will determine
for themselves, whetlier they will incur the labor
and expense attached to preserving and accumula-
ting manure. In pastures which are rich and well
stocked with neat cattle, it would, perhaps, be ex-
pedient to save manure in this way. It might be
gathered in a cart or wheel-barrow, thrown into
heaps in the pastm-e, or drawn to the farm-yard,
as circumstances might direct, and covered with

earth.

There can be no doubt that in all cases where
cows, or other stock are confined every night in
yards, that it is good husbandry to throw the ma-
nure'they ujake into heaps every morning, or at
least every two or three days, and cover it with
common earth, ashes, marsh ujud, loam or other
suitable matter to preserve the deposit from bemg
drieil up, washed away, or given to the elements
without that kind of eipiivaleut, which lawyers call
a quid pro quo.

PLOroHING.

It is best that most tillage lands should be
ploughed in autuum. Fall ploughing saves time
and labor in the spring, a season in the year when
cattle are conmionly weak, and the liurry of hn-
siness presses heavily on the farm. But a soil
which is light ami saudy should not be disturbed
by fall ploughing, but left to settle down and con-
solidate through the winter.

GATMF.RING AND PRESERVING POTATOES.

With regard to the time in which potatoes
should be gathered, we have found that practical
fanners entertain different oinnions. It is, how-
ever, acknowledged by all, that when intended for
consumption, and not for seed, they should not be
gathered till they are ripe. The ripeness of the
potato may he perceived by the appearance of the
tops, which will begin to decay as soon ns the
roots have arrived at maturity. After that period,
we are told by some cultivators, it is important
that the potatoes should be gathered and boused

» Hunter's Georgical Essay*.

as soon as convenient, or immediately alier the tops
are decayed either by ripeness or frost. Others
say that potatoes will keep best in their native
beds till the ground is frozen. But at any rate, it
is best not to defer digging' till very late, lest cold
weather should shut then] in the ground till spring,
and perhaps destroy them.

The old fashioned mode of harvesting potatoes
was, to dry them in the sun as you would grass
tor hay. Rees' Cyclopedia directs, " as soon as
potatoes are gathered, they should be allowed to
remain some days to dry before they are stored."
This we believe to be wrong, especially in our cli-
n)ate ; for an exposure of two or three days to si
cloudless sun in September, or October, would
cause potatoes to turn green, taste strong and bit-
ter, and become in some degree, poisonous. It is
now said by practical farmers, that the less ]U)ta-
toes are exposed to sun and air after being taken
from the ground the better, and that it is advisable
to i)eirnit some part of the soil in which they have
grown to adhere to and mix with them, when
housed. It may be best, however, not to dig and
deposit potatoes immediately after a heavy rain,
but permit them to remain a few days in the hills,
10 get rid of their superfluous moisture, which
will in due lime be expelled by the vital energies
of the roots.

Mr. Buel of Albany, observes, ' it were better
that the sun never should shine upon potatoes,
that they should be housed with all the dirt that
adheres to them, thttt it is beneficial to add more
dirt in the bin or cask, to exclude external air as
murji as possible, and that their surface should be
kept moist, and the atmosphere which surrounds
them as little above the freezing point as possible.'

MASS. HORTICULTURAL^SUabyry.

For the New England Farmer.
RECIPE FOR KILLING COCKROACHES.

Take oat-meal, or silled corn-meal, mix it well
with molasses, then add a snflicient quantity of
reil lead, and intimately incorporate it with the
first conqiound, after which afiply the admixtm-e
on the mop-boards, si.les of cracks, and any other
places frequented by these insects ; they will gree-
dily devour it and die. F. S.

For the New-England Farmer.
BEES.

r.lR. Editor, Through the medium of your val-
uable paper, I would inquire of those experienced
for information resiiecting the best time for remov-
ing bees from an old hive to a new one, also the
best method of doing it.

Manchester, Ct. 1834.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Horticultural Hall, Sept. 13.
Pears. By Enoch Bartlett, Esq. of Roxbu-
ry — Gushing Pears, and the Juhounot.

By Mr. of Quincy — line specim.us of

Bartlett Pears.

By .loHN Heard, Jr. Esq. of Waterlown— Cres-
sanue, Johonnot, and St. Ghi.-lain Piai>. The
last especially of excellent flavor.

By Mr. Manning — Lowrie's Bergnmolte or
Prince's Sugar, not of snpericu- flavor ; \allee
Francbe, or Vallee, a good sized roundish fruit of
excellent flavor. Also, Dearborn's Seedling, n su-
perior fruit, very early ; the tree is of vigmous
grovvth, and is stated by Mr. M. to be a great
bearer.

Apples. By John Prince, Esq. of Roxbury —
Rucku)an's Pearmaiu.

By Mr. Joseph Balch of Roxbury— Hawthorn-
dean, very handsome.

By I\Ir. E. M. Richards, American Summer
Pearmaiu.

By Mr. French, from Mr. Jairus Lincoln of
Hingham — Seek-no-furlber, very good.

By Mr. B. V. French— a large fruit, I'onml or
cordate, covered with dark red, and spriidiled
next the sun with dark crimson, of good flavor.
This fruit was called the " Emperor Alexander,"
we think however eiToneously, as the Enqieror
Alexander is described as a " greenish yellow li'uit,
slightly streaked with red in the shade, but mar-
bled and stre;died with bright red and orange next
the sun." Also, by Mr. French, a small ordinary
looking roundish fruit, sprinkled with i)ale dull
red, almost throughout, on a dull yellow ground.
This fruit was called the Jonathan — but as we
think very incorrectly. The true Jonalbaii is a
very extraordinary fruit, of good size, very regu-
lar in form, and covered on a fine yellow ground
almost throughout with fine dark crimson, and
eminently beautiful.

Plums. By Mr. B.V.French, a good sized
oval fruit, pale, red and spoiled, of an astringent
flavor, name unknown.

Grapes. A native grape from the Messrs. Win-
ships, of good flavor. Remarkable buds of the
I'dake J^ectar!)ie were also jiresented by Mr. J.
Blake, for distribution.

By order of the Committee,

William Kenrick.

I

TO MAKE TOMATO KETCHUP.

Take a quantity of ripe tomatoes (say two gal-
lons)'cut them in small pieces, (lut them in a small
earthen pot or jar ; about half a pound of salt,
a table spoonful of allspice, the same quantity of
pepper, a quarter of an ounce of mace ; tie the jar
up close, put it in an oven after the bread is taken
out, and let it stand all night, and repeat it three
times when you bake bread ; then strain it off" and
bottle it, and it is much better than mushroom
kctidiup for culinary purposes.

Tomato Sauce Peel and slice twelve tomatoes,
add three pounded crackers, pepper and salt them
to your taste, stew 15 minutes. — Cummunicated.

^^ Grand Exhibition of Fruits and Flowers, at
Faneuil Hall, on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday,
of this iveek.

EXHIBITION OP FLOWERS.

M. P. Wilder, Dorchester — Dahlias, King Wil-
liam 4th, Brown's Ophelia, Lady Gray Squib's
Prince George, Globe Purple, Antonia, Countess
of Liverpool.

Messrs. Hovevs, Cambridgeport — China Aster
from their garden.

S. H. Weld, Roxbury — Dahlias, &c.

Mount Auburn Cemetery — Bouquets.

Messrs. Putnam, Salem — Queen of the Whites,
Rosy Crimson, Earl of Sandwich, Bonny Dee,
Amelia, Wells' Calypso, Red Globe, Countess of
Liverpool, French White, Theodore, Pulen, Beau-
ty of Salem, Algernon Sydney, Crimson (j'lobe,
Beauty of Surrey, Dcnnissii, Kentish Hero, Bar-
ret's King,Belladonna, Russell's Maculatum, Feath-
ered Light, Crimson Globe, Black Prince, Wells'
Royal Lilac, Purpurea Elegans, Antonio.

Tho's. Mason, Charlestown Vineyard — Dahlias,
King of the Whites, Auemonoeflora, Coccine»»

vol,, xm. Nt). 10.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

79

Siiltun, ami a vmiL-ty ol' otljt

Sciirlpt Turbai
iiovvi'is.

W'm. Kenrick, NHWton — Chiiiii, Noiselte and
otlier rosus, Diililias, Cocriiiea, Pulla, TliCoilore,
Sti-ilied Aiieiiioiitrfloni, Piilia, Sijiiib's |iiire yolliiw
Uiieeii of the Yellows, Yoiiri;;'s Triiinipljaiit, &o!
Lobelia Canliiialis, I'lilox tardiflora, lluliamlms
midtirioi-us, ScaHut Triiiii|if.t Flower, or Bijjnoina
Radiraiis, Uigiinnia Graiidifloru, Altlieas of luaiiy
vnritlies, &c. Also s|ieciiijeiis of three of the
iMost celchrated varieties of Mullierries for silk.

1. The Comniori \Vl)ite Italian Mulberry.

2. The Morettiana, or Dandolo Midlierry, a
new species from Padua, the leaves are about
three times as large as the couunon White Italian,
they are lienrt shaped, serrated, their surface is
plain, of a dark shining green.

3. The Morus iMulticaulis, or Chinese Mul-
berry. The leaves of this variety are about three
times as large as the Morettiana, or they ooutaiu
about eight times the surface of the common White
Italian. They are heart shaped, serrated, ami
uniformly curled or convex on their upper surfa-
ces, of a bright shiuiug green, and neither these
nor the Morettiani or Dandolo are ever iobed or
palmated.

Wi.NsniPS — many kinds.

JoNA. WiNsiiip, Chairnjan.

JUST PUBLISHED,

The TEMPERANCE FAMILY ALMANAC, for 1835,

and lor sale in any qiiantily, al the office of the New England
Farmer— price fi els. single, ^3 per luindred.

PATENT CLOVER HULLING MILL.

Riltenhnnse's Improved Hulling Macliine. for hand or horse
power. This machine, invented liv Robert Rillenhouse, is
t'onnd to he one of Ihe most improved machines for the pur-
pose, dial has been invented. It is supposed dial one man
Will readily hull and clean from five to si.v bushels per day.—
The above machines are for sale at ihe Agricultural Ware-
house, Nos. 51 and 52 North Markel slreel, and also rights for
towns, counties, and stales may be had. Sep. 10.

CORN CUTTERS.

This implcmcnl, though a common article, is one of the
most handy and useful tools thai is used on a farm. A few
very superior cast sieel mav be had al the Agricultural Ware-
house. Likewise— Cast Steel Corn Forks, for loading corn
in the field. Sep, 10,

APPLE PARING MACHINE.

Willis' Improved .\pple Paring Machine is found to be very
handy and useful for paring apples, pears, &c., is very simple
111 its construction, and is used with great expedition. Those
who are in the daily habil of using apples will find this imple-
ment very convenicnl and useful. Sep. 10.

ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.

Gucico. A plant bearing this name, was discovered
several years ago in the mountains of Venezuela, v^hicli is
said to possess surprising virtues as an antidote to poisons
whether infused by a venomous reptile, or rabid animal.
It is said to be efficacious also, in the rheumatism, gout,
asthma, liver complaints, and various other diseases, and
is applied both internally and e,\ternally, Silliman's
Journal for April, May and June, 1S33, contains a long
letter from Dr. Johnson, of Philadelphia describino- its
properties, and enumerating the cases in which it is
administered with success. It is strongly aromatic, and
has a bitter and almost acrid taste. It is extensively
used in Guiana, and in many parts of South Amer-
ica— and although its curative and anti-poisonous quali-
ties have been denied, we think it deserves examination
and experiment by the medical faculty. Doubtless many
of the marvellous stories that are told of its healing
powers are fictitious, yet it seems to be too extensively
used to warrant the belief that it is a useless herb.
Without trial no experience can be gained, and to reject
every thing whose virtues have not been fully tested in
our own education or practice, is at once to shut the
door upon improvement. Whether it would be effica-
cious in the cholera or not, can only be ascertained after
fair trial, -by physicians of skill, who are well acquainted
with its properties.

On Saturc'ay alternorn the Worcester Railroad will
be opened to Hopkinton, a distance of 24 miles from the
city.

ENGLISH WORKS ON AGRICULTURE.

Dr. Dickson's Practical Agriculture, in two volumes, 1260
pages, with numerous engravings and colored plates.

Complete Farmer, or genera! dictionarv of Agriculture and
Husbandry, with many engravings, in 2500 pages.

The Complete Grazier with plates, secontZ/iaierferf, GOO pages

The above will be sold very low, having been parliallv used
Jnl.y 16lh. GEO. C. BARRETT.

GREEN HOUSE <JLASS.

^SOOJioxes very thj^ck— for sale by LORING &. KUPFER,
' ' " Im Sep 3

No 10 Merchant's Row.

WHITE DUTCH CLOVER.

Just received and for sale, al Ihe New England Seed Store,
51 ,fe .52 North Markel street— '

1000 lbs. While Dutch Clover in prime order, and far supe-
rior to .\merican Seeds, at reduced prices. sep 3

BLACK SEA 'WHEAT.

For Sale, 2j bushels of this valuable variety of Winter
Wheal, of which an account mav be (bund in N E Farmer
vol. xi, page 118. GEO. C. BARRETT.

New England Seed Store

FOREST TREES.

The subscriber having had several years experience in
procuring Forest Trees, lenders his services to the public in
thai line.

He is ready al any time to execute orders for the deciduous
and evergreen trees common to the corintyof Kennebec.

Arbor Vilap, Spruce, Fur, Pine, Hemlock, Larch. Ash. Ma-
ple, Basswood, Mountain Ash, Tree Cranberry, (a very prelly
shrub) form a part of the Catalogue of trees and shrubs whicii
be is in the practice of obtaining.

Direct to ZACHEU.S GOLDSMITH, Gardiner, Me.

Gardiner. Me. August 20(/i, 1834. 6w. S.17

■WHITE MUIiBERRY SEED.

Just received While Mulbjrry Seed, of the growth of 1831
saved expressly for the New England Seed Establishment.

GEO. C. BARRETT.

PATENT GRATER CIDER MILL.

D.VNIEL LELAND having purchased the patent of Ihe
above-named Mills, would call the alteution of Farmers and
others in this vicinity, to the undersigned certificates of their
meriis, and feels confident that they are superior to any other
in use, for grinding apples.

These Mills are drawn by one horse. Six, eight, ten, and
twelve feel wheels are used, some with one and some two
drums. They may be placed in a building, and so fi.xed as to
grind upon the press, or into a trough. The following certifi-
cates will probably give the public some proof of their value.

" This may certify, that we the Subscribers have made use
of Joel Farnum's Patent Grater Cider Mill, for three years past.
We grind a cheese of cider in one quarter of the lime we did
in Ihe old mill ; it grinds better, makes more and better cider;
we giind upon the press, and save Ihe shoveling of the pumice
and the juice may be extracted iu less time.

John Clark, 2d.
Medway, Augusts, 1833. James P. Clark."

" This may certify, Ihal we the Subscribers have used the
above-named machine for three years last past, and approve of
the plan of grinding apples. Vie save one third part of labour
and time in grinding and laying up a cheeseof cider. Itgrinds
better than the old mills generally do, the cider is clearer and
contains less sediment; the cider is pressed out in less lime,
and the mills are kept in repair al less expense than Ihe old
"I'll*- Aaron Leland,

Sherburne, Aug. 9, 1833. Joseph P. Lelard."

"This may certify, thai I have assisted in the making of ci-
der in the abo\'e-narned mills, and consider it a valuable im-
provement in ihe making of cider. At one time we ground and
laid up, apples sufricienl for eight barrels of cider, in forty
minutes, by ihe walch. We save one half of Ihe lime, in
grinding and laying up the cheese.
Sherburne, Aug. 9, 1833. Jotham W. Rogers."

For further pariiculars, apply to J. R. NEWELL, Agricul-
tural Warehouse, where Mills are on hand or will be furiiished
at short notice, or to D.YNIEL LELAND, Sherburne.

P. S. — D. L. will furnish the Horse Power and Wills, and
set them up for gib, and lind all materials necessary— any dis-
tance within 20 miles of Sherburne, -Mass.
Sherburne, Aug. 13, 1831. eopCw

PKIUKS OF COUNTRY PHODUCil

FROM TO

Apples, russeis,

barrel

2 OOi 2 B

Beans, while,

busliel

2 v.-

2 7

Beef, mess, (new)

barrel

9 5L

10 0

Cargo, No. 1

"

7 5C

8 0

prime,

ti

6 5(j

7 n

Beeswax, (American) ....

pound

18

2

Butter, inspected, No. 1 , new, .

it

13

I

Cheese, new milk,

it

g

skimmed milk, ....

a

37

Feathers, northern, geese, . . .

"

4

southern, geese, . . .

((

33

3

Flax, Anxerican, . .

pound

9

1

Flaxseed,

bushel
barrel

1 25
5 62

1 3
5 7.

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.'

Baltimore, Howard sir. new

"

5 37

Baltimore, wharf,

5 25

5 5(

Alexandria,

"

5 25

5 3

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, . .

oushel

76

southern yellow, . .

i(

72

while,

it

71

T.

Rye, Northern, ....

it

70

7

Barley,

>t

60

fi.

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

it

41

45

Hav, best English, . . .

ton

20 00

21 0(

Eastern screwed, ....

13 00

H 0(

Hard pressed,

10 00

12 (V

HONEV,

gallon
pound

40
12

Hops, Isl quality

I'

2d quality

"

10

IS

Lard, Boston, 1st sort, ....

pound

8

R,-

Southern, 1st sort, . . .

it

7

7J

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . .

ti

17

I'

" upper, . .

lb.

10

IS

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

pound

15

1"

" upper, . . .

lb.

IS

2/

Philadelphia, sole, .

pound

21

2;

Baltimore, sole, ,

%

T

Lime, best sort ....

cask

85

qf

Pork, Mass.inspec.,exlraclear,

barrel

17 00

IB Of

Navy, Mess

a

13 00

Bone, middlings, .

it

Seeds, Herd's Grass .

bushel

2 37

9. !V

Red Top, northern, . .

75

sr

Red Clover, norlheril

pound

8

c

WhileDutch Honeysuckle

25

31

Tallow, tried,

cwt

7 00

7,5(

Wool, prime or Saxonv Fleeces.

60

7r

American, full b'lood,washed

pound

60

6f

do. 3-4ihs do.

•'

43

4f

do. 1-2 do.

'i

35

A(

do. 1-4 and common

it

30

55

Native washed, ....

it

S3

40

c; fPulled superfine, .
£— IslLambs, . . .

it

SO

52

it

40

4?

S g. 3d '• ...

tt

37

4«

f

• 20

35

^ Isl Spinning. . . .

It

35

40

Soothern pulled wool is generally

5 els. less per lb.

'

PROVISION MARKET,

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams. northern, . .
southern, . .
Pork, whole hogs. .
Poultry, (uncertain)
Butter, (tub) . . .
lump, new,.

Egos

Potatoes, (new) .
Cider, (new,) . .

pound

9h

"

8

it

H

tt

14

tt

20

dozen

16

bushel

37

barrel

2 00

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Sept, 15, 1834,
Reporiod for the Daily Adrertieer and Patriot.

At Market 920 Beef Cattle, S50 Stores, 4900 sheep, and
770 swine. Several lots of Beef Cattle. Stores, sheep and one
lot of old swine were reported last week.

Prices. Beef C'a«/f— Sales were quite as quick as last
week, and prices were well supported. We quote prime at
4 75 a 5 ; good 4 25 a 4 50 ; thin 3 a 4.

Wnrfciiig Oxen. — Many sales were eflected, but we have
not sufiicient information to give a fair range of prices.

Coics and Cahes. — We noticed sales al 19, 20, 24, and $'■*».

Stores. — Yearlinsg SG a 9 ; two years old, 10 a 15; three
years old 19 a 25.

.•sVupp— Lots of ordinary al 1 25, and 133; middlingnt
1 50, I 67, 1 84, 1 92; better qualities at 2, 2 17, and 2 2.).
Wethers al 2 25, 2 50 and 2 75; a few very fine selected at g3
a 4.

Stpijte — Sales quite brisk, nearly all at market sold in lots
not selected at 4 for sows and 5 for barrows ; one selected lot
barrows al 5 3-4; a few old hogs were sold al 4 and 4 1-4 for
sows and barrows ; at retail 5 (or sows and 6 for barrows.

80

JNEW ExN GLAND FARMER.

SEPTEMBER 17, 183*.

MISCELLANY.

TEMPTATION.

When a thousand voices raise
* To lliy name the slibut of praise,

And before Iby dazzled sight
Glory beams enthroned in light,
While on thee she calls aloud,
Pointing to the admiring crowd,
Pause, nor kneel before her throne,
Give thy heart to God alone !
Sweeter strains of soft desire
Float round Pleasure's golden lyre.
Bright as beams of opening day
Hope aud transport round her play.
Smiles and Gaiety are there',
Banished far arc Thought and Care.
Heed not thou the entrancing tone :
Give thy heart to God alone !
Mammon bids thee view tlie store
Heaped for him from every shore.
Worship him, and wealth untold,
Through thy swelling cofi'ers rolled,
Shall reward Ihy bended knee.
Spurn the base idolatry !
-Heavenly treasures are thine own :
Give diy heart to God alone !
Onward, in thy Savior's path.
Brave the baffled Tempter's wrath.
Soon deceitful Pleasure's lay
From tliine ear shall sink away ;
Soon Ambition's thrilling voice
Cease to urge thy trembling choice.
Life's short day of duly done,
God shall claim thee for his own.

RESPECTABILITY.

We apprehend tlint there is no one thingthat oc-
casions more misery in this svorld tlian this wrong
meaning that lias been given to this one word
"respectability." What is respectability? Is it
bein" a lawyer, a doctor, a merchatit, or a minis-
ter ? Does it consist in wearing the best broad-
cloth, or in being able to dauce gracefully, or jab-
ber French fluently ? Assuredly not. All these
may and do exist, and yet their possessors are as
far from being respectable as they are from being
useful members of society — which by the way is
as far as yoti can possibly get by way of compari-
son. True respectability consists in atlorning the
situation in life in which Providence has placed
us — in striving with all assiduity to make ourselves
wiser and better — iti doing all that is in our power
to enhance our own happiness and the happiness
of our fellow beings. The man who by his hon-
est industry gains himself and family a comforta-
ble subsistence by tilling the soil, is far more res-
pectable than the lawyer who has amassed his
thousands by grinding the face of the poor, and
wrenching from llie hands of the unfortunate his
only support in the shape of fees, or the doctor
who prescribes his nostrums vvhicb oftener kill
than cure, or the mercliant whose worthless limbs
are covered with cosily apparel. Men form false
estimates from outward ai)pearances — it is not out-
ward show, nor costly apparel, nor dilierence of
calling tbat make men respectable. There is a
certain class in society — mere btitlerflies, who it
is true lay claim to respectability, and who affect
to treat the common people — those who do not
choose to deck their persons in gaudy attire, and
spend their time in idle frivolity and senseless
mirth with great indifference. ]!ut when we be-
come acquainted with these creatures, we shall

look upon them with very different feelings thtin
those of envy. We shall view them with pity and
contempt — pity because they thus effectually by
their folly blot out of existence the mind, the soul,
that only principle in them which can afford last-
ing happiness, and make them useful in the world
in which they are )jerniitted to sta;/ ; to live, such
beings do not — and contempt, that those who
have the power thus to make themselves really
liappy and ttseful, should thus render themselves
complete drones ; yes, complete nuisances in soci-
ety.

Let the honest fanner and mechanic content
hitnself, and act consistently with this reflection,
that they are doing more for the good of their
country, for mankind, and their own happiness
while engaged in their useful employments, than a
host of indolent lawyers, ignorant doctors, or in-
solvent merchants, and let them teach these things
diligently to their children, and we shall see less
gilded poverty — fewer brainless dandies — fewer
effeminate and useless females, and more true res-
pedabiliiy than we now meet with. — Maine Free
Press.

ous complaint. 'Another man, he said, upbraided
him that he was not married to his own wife,
whom he accused of being no better than she
should he, and called her many names besides,
which he would be ashamed to mention to his
bonor.' ' Well, my good fellow,' answered the
officer, ' have you any jiroof that you are legally
married ?' ' Yonr honor, I have the best proof in
the world.' Here the soldier took oft' his hat, and
exhibited a cut skull, saying, 'Does your honor
think I'd be after taking llie sante abuse from any
body but a wife ?'

From the Litchfield Enquirer.
PACTS IN FAVOR OP -WATER-DRINKING.

In these days of experiment and practical knowd-
edge, it may be well to state facts to the public,
although they were jierformed withotit a thought
of doing so. — Many have thought, and some even
now think, that ardent sjtirits are necessary in the
laborious season of haying and harvesting ; and
perhaps most men are of. opinion that something
more than water is needful to sustain the system
under pressing labor and oppressive heat. I will
simply state the fact, of which I bore a practical
part ; and ask the nun-drinking woi-ld to show a
jjarallel of equal labor with equal hands, or in the
proportion more or less.

Two men and a lad of L5, not ten miles from
Litchfield, commenced haying on Monday the 'ith
of August, and in the week mowed 12 acres of
not over smooth meadow, yielding 26 loads of hay,
averaging a ton each — 20 of which we ptit well
iTiade into barns, the other six we rolled and trim-
med fit for carting — together with the cutting of
2 1-2 acres of oats. This was done by the three
persons above stated in 6 days, with the exception
of 1 1-2 days work from two other hands.

This was done without Rum, or any of its va-
rieties— without wine, cider, tea, coffee, beer,
sweetened water milk and water, or any substitute
— but water, simple, unmixed, unadulterated, un-
contaminnted, ptire, such as is drawn from the
well, or bubbles from the fountain, was our only
drink. In jterfortning this week's labor, thei-e
was no racing, no overheating, but all retained
their soundness of wind and limbs: although the
weather was uticonmjonly hot and sultry — the
merenry in the thermometer freqtiently rising
aliove 90 degrees. Some ten seasons have I labor-
ed in gathering the harvest of the fields, but never
imlil this have I used water only, (though I never
drank ruin,) and never did 1 perform a week's
laborious toil with less fatigue. When the spirit-
drinking community out-do this, it will be soon
eiiongb to admit the nerve inspiring properties of
Alcohol. H. C.

ITEMS.

A convention is to jje held in Utica to-morrow,
to consider the expediency of constructing a ship
canal around the Falls of Niagara, and to fornn
a connexion between the Lakes and the Hudson
river.

Among the works recently announced, ibe fol-
lowing are said to be in press at Baltimore, viz :
The History of the Bank with notes, the art of
Cookmy with plates, and the Science of Single «
Sticks with wood euts. 1

W. G. Sims, the author of " Gtiy Rivers," it is
said, received .f 1300 for that work, and is engaged
per order of the Harpers, in another two volume
novel, for which he is to receive JjlSOO.

GRASS SEEDS, (for Pall So-»viiig.)

For Sale, at the New England Seed Store, 51 and 52
North Market street.

Clover(NorlhcrM)— Herds Grass— Red Top— White Clover
(fineimporied) — Lucerne, &c &c. — Wholesale and Retail.

500 PIECES ENGIilSIl MERINOS.

ELlAli STONE J5REVV ER, has received Ironi New York
and will be opened on Monday morning, 500 pieces English
Merinos, of superior quality and colors, being the entire im-
portation of one of the first importing Houses in llic country,
and in anticipation of the season, will be sold at least 25 per
cent, lower than they can be alTorded in the Autumn.

aug 13 6tis 41'1.. Washlnglon-strecl.

BIiACK CURRANT -WINE.

A FEW Bottles of Ibis wine, so highly esteemed by all ac-
s, just received by Geo.
aug 13

quaiuled with its medicinal ])Toperties, just re
C. Barrett, 51 and 5i North Market street.

GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS.

An excellent collection of Gakdkn and Flower Seeds of
very best quality, in papers of G.\ cents each, constantly on hand
and lor sale at New England Seed Si'^f^o'^ p^pj;j..j..i.

THE NEW ENGt.AND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evejjing, at §3 per anniim
pavable at the end of the year— but those who pay w iilun
sixty days from the time olsubscribing,are entitled to a deduc--
tion of iifty cents.

[p= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment'
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
Xcw Fori— G. C. Thorburn, 67 Liberty-street.

A/I„„ni Wm. Thorburn, 34'J Market-street.

J'liil.idflphia—'D. ct C. LANnRETH,E5 Chesnut-street.
Ballimore—l. I- HiTcnc ucK, Publisher of American Farmer.
Civriimali — S. C. PARiatiiRST, 23 Lower Market-street. j"
FlKsltins, JV. F.— W»i. I'RiNCE & Sons, Prop. Lin. Bol. GarJ
Miildlcinirij. VV. — Wight Chapman, Merchant.
Hartford — GiioiiwiN & Co. P.ookscllers.
A'l-iiiAxri/port— Ebenezer Stedman, P.ookseller.
I'urlsmmdh, N. //.—.I. W. Foster. Bookseller.
Aii.nisUi, ./l/c— Wii.LARn Snell, Druggist.
\\\,ndsloclt. F(.— .1. A. Pratt.

Portland. Me. — Cum AN, Holden & Co. Booksellers.
Ri)/i'or,A/e.—WM. Mann, Druggist.

Halifax, A. .'-'.— P. J. Holland, Eeq. Editor oI RecordariJ
», Lmds — Geo. Holton.

A MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE.

An Irish soldier once waited upon his com-
inanding officer with what be termed a very seri-

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Ford & Dawkeli,
who execute every description of Book and Funcy Print-
i'H<r in food style, and with pronrptness. Orders for prinl-
in^may be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at the Agricul-
tural Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

^EWE^^M^B FAKMER.

VOL. XUl

PUKUSHKD By GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NOKt"h1^I^^ stRfT^',

» 'from the New Yori Fanner.

CTJRIBTG BUTTER.
A WRITER, signing himself "Old Dutchess"
.''iiys himor .«lu)nld he cureil vvitliont tlie aid of
water. " Tlie practice I recomiiiend," says he
" (i-oiri long- exi.erience, is as follows : When iIk'
butter conies from the churn, put it in a clean
wooden bowl, and with a wooden butter ladle pro-
ceed to work it, by breaking it down at the sides
and turning off the whey which is separated in
the process ; at the same time strew on the salt
by degrees, so that it becomes intimately incorpo-
rated. Continue working it thus until the butter-
mdk IS apparently all worked out. Put it then by
in a cold cellar till next morning, by yyhich time

BOSTON, >VEl)NESDAT¥?^J.II,,s7^PT^i,^^-^7-7^^

NO. 11.

I'ai-is, (in the Linnrtan TransaciiotisJ t^hows th-Tl'l"irnT,l7,7 "T- ■ .■ ~ ' ■

if .be ^gs of hens bo broken, they 'ii,, l^f t£ "^^'r ';n:r^"":!"' ."^, '"'^ -^ expenses in

the salt IS dissolved, when the ladle is to he <,..„„
applied, and continued as long as any butter-milk
can be separated. The butter is then fit for use
or laying down. For preserving, stone-ware jars
are preferable, as they impart no taste to the but-
ter and exclude the air. Pack down the butter
without any salt between the layers, and coyer
with two inches of strong brine, previously boiled
skimmed and suffered to become cold. If a scum
should alterwards apjiear on the brine, which will
sonietmies happen in damp cellars, renew the
I)ickle I'he nnpurities which rise to the surface
while boiling, or are found it) the residuum at the
bottom, are far greater than any one would sup-
pose Who is not in t1,e habit of boiling hs hri 'le
for meats, b,-iter, &c. IJp.ttcr thps ma. nf,.rt,,;x-d
and cured will keep a twelvemonth or more per-
fectly sweet ; and the rich delicacy of flavor im
parted to that made in May and .Tune, by the
young herbage, will be in a great measure pre-
serve.l. It is compact, without being too adhe-
sive ; cuts with a smooth surface, and shows nei-
ther lumps of salt, butter-milk, nor crumbles"

, ■ — -•'^'vt.a^y .--II u vyo III til

It the legs of hens bo broken, they will lay theii
eggs without shells until the fracture is repaired •
i.atui-e employing all the lime in circulation for
tJie [ftirposB o( reuniting the bones.

in,y are eggs preserved hy rubbing them wilh
butter ?

Because the hutte'r closes the pores in the shell
by wluch the communication of the embryo witii
tlic external air takes place. The embryo is not
Imwcver, thus killed. Varnish has a similar effect'
Reaumur covered eggs with spirit varnish, and
bnin.l them capable of producing chickens after
^wo years, when the varnish was carefully remdVed.

CLOTHING.

Uhy have white veils a tendency to promote sun-
burn and freckles '?

Because they increase the power of the sun's
light.

_ my does a flannel covering keep a man warm in
winter, and ice from melting in summer '?

Because it both prevents the passage of heat
li-om the man, and to the ice.

in,;/ docs a person ivith a cold in the head, or
catarrh from the eyes and nose, experience so much
mo« re/y on applying to the face a linen or cam-
bric handkerchief than one made of cotton'^

Bec.-mse the linen, by conducting, readily ab-
sorbs the heat and diminishes the inflammation,
"hile the latter, by refusing to give passage to ll,;
neai, increases the temperatii.e and the pain-
Popular prejudice has held that there was a poison
m cottoiK_^r)io«. '

close'i'' " '""^^ clothing icarmer than such as fits

Because the quantity of imperfectly conductin.^
an- thus confined around the body, resists the es"
cape of animal heat.

ffhy is cotton warmer than any other fibrous
ifireoas .' « ^

Because the fibres of cotton, when examined hy

he microscope, will be seen to be finely toothed •

tins explains the cause of their adhering together

with greater facility than the fibres of other spe

c.es which are destitute of teeth, and which can-

cotton'' ''"'" '"'° ""'*'''"' "'"''""' '"" »d'"ixture of
ffhy does oiled silk, or other air-tight covering.

INTERESTING FACTS.

Trom an English work, enlilled Knowledge for the People.]

Jf'hy is cream churned into Butter ?

Because of the heat produced by churning
'vhich thus changes the cream from a fluid to a
iolid.

my is a glass tube calkd a cream guage, used
n dairies ?

Because when filled up to a certain height (ten
iiches) wilh new milk of a proper temperature
nd then set by for twelve hours, the cream will
lave risen to the top of the tube, if the cow be a
ro[)er one from which to make butter

m,y is lime important in the shells of birds' e<rgs^7 2eTS''''\Y\V^T ^

Because the body of the egg contains IJuher "^^""-^ °^ 'he blanket.

hosphonc acid nor lime, both of which are re- ~Z7Z

liisite for the bones of the bird; it was necessary iv > .

lerefore, that nature should provide means of pr T" «'ie Westfield Courier that Mr

irmshing both these substances, which it does at ^^'' " P""'^'""' '° New York, is pre

le expense of the shell; this becomin- thinner T'"''"^','* "'/"/'"'^'''^'''^ silk from the mulberry, to
>d thinner during the whole time of inaibation n "°=*"'^'''h'e extent. He lias had 12,000 worms

I the living embryo has appropriated a suflicient IV""' ^'?'',' '■'' '""" J"'' ^"'^^ed feeding,
- r.,.. .,- r . *-',.' . ■"•"""^"'"' and wound themselves in their cocoons. He has

inventing an<l constructing silk irftchinery, and
t mil'' "'" '•^""'^'-■''' ^'"^ Factory ._0W Cofo-

MACHINE FOR PRINTING COTTONS.

U the very first rank for utility and beauty of
Hivention must be placed a machine constructed
by Mr. Andrew Koechlin, of JIulhausen, for print-
ing cotton or other tissues, with three colors at
once. Hitherto, in the manufacture of printpd
cottons or muslins, it was necessary that the piece
ot goods should undergo successively the opera-
tion of a separate roller for each color in the pat-
tern, which proceeding, besides necessitating the
great loss of time consumed by this triple, quad-
ruple, or quintuple operation, was liable to acci-
dents ; (or the slightest inaccuracy in any of the
successive rollers was sure to render fruitless the
whole operation. The inaccurate application of
any one roller to the extent only of the hundredth
part of an inch in a yard of cotton or mu^liu
goods, would lead after the drawing off a hundred
yards, to a derangement of the colors, and dislo-
cation of the design to the length, and consequent-
ly produce an absence of all pattern and a chaotic
confusion of hues similar to that on a painter's
pallet. The machine invented by Mr. Kcechlin is
calculated to obviate completely the above nien-
tioncU .loss of time and risk of failure in the oper-
ation, lii this machine one single roller is charc-
ed with three diflerem colors, which are unerring-
ly imprinte.l upon the piece of cotton or muslin
which has to pass under the roller but once. By
this improved method twelve hundred yards of
cotton goods can be printed by a single machine
ni an hour, and without the remotest possibility of
accident. For, besides the unerring accuracy" in-
sured by this three-colored roller, the piece of
goods to he printed is, to avoid all risk from folds
or phuts, subjected to the operation of a calender
forming part of the machine, before it undergoes
the roller. °

laid on a bed, preserve greater wa,2ha7Z7/c " "'"? f ''°'''' ''"'"' °'""™'^^'- '^"''

ditional blanket or more I ™ "'^' ^'°' = '"' "'"' "'<^ ""'^"""" '° fu™i«l' Oom its

ditional blanket or more .

Because the oiled silk prevents the ventilation
of the person by the slow passage of air, as throu-h

YANKEE ENTERPRISE.

From the Portland Courier we learn that a com
pany residing principally in that city have pur
chased a tract of 700,000 acres of timber land in

sources a constant supply of lumber of every spe-
cies, to answer the increasing demand in the coun-
try and abroail. The growth of timber is cliiefly
the iong-leayed yellow j.ine. The depot is to be
at Darien, near the mouth of the Alatamaha. The
Company has already in operation four milN con
taming 18 saws, together with a flour mill and a
well stocked plantation around the mills. The

«:t;:rtr;,;;^sbi ?-E^^=".ssi^-i.,r:;

■antity for the formation of its bones. Part of
e albumen combines with the shell for this pur-
'se, and another portion forms feathers

Because they cannot then get at any earth which
mams the material requisite for the shell. Dr. |

a nursery of about 6000 thriving mulberry tree's
of 2 years standing, which will enable the"propri-

a reinforcement of nine hardy and indnsumus
Yankees took passage at Portland last week lor
bavannah.

The Alatamaha, about 100 miles from its mouth,
divides into two larger branches, which are named

„, =" ^..uuic LUC uropri- uiviues into two ar^er iranchoc t,,!,;,.!. >

etor next season to enter much mn,o ?o-„ I • ,i <^ i '"^«''' "'""'^"es, which are named

tl.is lucrative branch ofdreic^utrf^ " is lituIH fid,:?:' ""T^V"'"'' T" '"^ '^'"^^

We are also pleased to observe ,ZT,l i • . Milledgeville, the capital of the State,

iature of Connec tcur with a wi!: Ini ^egis- and upon the other, equally distant from the June

able liberality, h "^amei « "oo to Mess^P .T"' J ''°""''"^ '°"" °' ^^^'=°"- between
y, ^ranted *200 to Messrs. Gray | these large nvers, within the limits of steam navi-

82

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER 34, 1S3*.

gation, within 50 miles of tlie c;i|iiial, unci in llie
very centre of tiie State, fies tlie larsje tiacl of land
purcliased tiy tlie aliove-nientioned Conijiany. Two
steamboats, plying on the Alatamaha, pass within
a mile of llii;* |iro|ici-ty.

From the Maim. Farmer.
WHEAT ON CXOVER SOD.

I AM inilnced to lay bi^fore the pnlilic my actu-
al ex|)eriin<-,e in raising wheat on clover turned in,
not because there was the greatest >ield, lint to
encourage others to do likewise, and if possible
render Maine independent for that necessity oilite,
BREAD. About the lOtli of Noveeiber last, I (lae-
ed otf what I supposed to be about one acre of
land that had been mowed two years, which had
been seeded to herds-grass and clover, principally
clover, and had yielded a good crop of that hind
of hay the two previous years, say about two tons
each year. The soil may be called a sandy loam,
inclining to clay. In the spring at the usual limr,
it was sowed to wheat, partly Malaga, and partly
what is called lake wheat — when ripe it was gaili-
ered, and there were two loads of nearly ecjual size
one of which I have thrashed, which gave about
13 bushels, if the other was 12, there was 25 bush-
els— this indneeil me to' have the land measured,
and I found it lacked (taking out for sluinjis, &c.)
20 rods of an acre, adding for the 20 roils at the
same rate, three bushels and a half, and we have
28 1-2 bushels to the acre. I put on after the land
was rolled down, one ."ind a half bushels of, plaster,
and no other maimre was used. It is well seeded
to clover ami promises a good crop for two years
to come, and then as good wheat as this year. 1
think I could have ploughed it for - •S2,50

Seed and sowing - - 3,00

Harrowing in ami rolling - 1,00

Harvesting - - "'^^

28 bushels of wheat at $1,25
lixpense

9,00

35,03

9,00

$20,63
It will be seen that I have not charged the
thrashing, nor have I included the straw as fodder
or nnuinrc. It will also be |)erceived that 1 have
not charged the plaster, as 1 expect nmch more
benefit than it was worth to the succeeding crops
of clover. Elijah Wood.

Jfinlhrup, Sept. 15, 1834.

Frvm the Fumei-'s Asshlant.
SEAWATEU

Is said to contain sidtpetre, sulphur and oil,

besides eonnnon salt. Mr. Dcane makes mention
of a hundred hills of potatoes, whieh had two
quarts of water applied to each immediately alter
planting; and he says that the product of these
was onivhalf more than the same number of ad-
joining hills produced. Most probably a quart to
each hill would liave been better.

He mentions also a piece of tlax, of which one
side wasshortand yellow ; but on its being sprink-
led with this water, it equalled the rest of the
piece in al)0Ut ten days, and eveninally was the

best. ,

These two experiments were made on stifl soils,
but he says he found sandy grounds equally bene-
fitted by this manure.

This water might be carried from the sea some
distance on the land, to uiUantage in the following

manner: Take a one horse cart and suspend a
tight box rightly shaped under the axlelree ; the
box having a valve in the under side, drive the
carl into the water, and the valve o|)ens and lets
that fluid into the box ; and when the cart is driv-
en Old, the valve closes and holds the water.

When the cart is driven (nit to the ground on
which the water is to be spread, this operation
may be performed in the manner we shall next de-
scribe : A tube is to be provided say twelve* feet
in length, with small holes bored into it at the dis-
tance of six inehes apart, anil the ends of the tube
closed; attach this to the outside of the box cross-
ways at either eml so as to be out of the way ol
the wheels of the cart.

When you come to where the water is to be
spread, it is to be let out of the box into the tube,
by an aperture fm- the purpose, and as the cart
moves along, the water runs out of each ol the
small holes in the tube, and thus sprinkles over
a piece of ground of twelve feet wide, till the
whole is exhausted.

With the ntxt load begin where the water ceas-
ed running before, and thus continue the watered
strip across the field. Then take another strip of
twelve feet wide, adjoining that already watered,
and thus proceed until the wliide has been gone
over.

Ill this way one man coiiid carry out say, forty
cartloads a day, at the distance of half a mile, or
half that number if a mile, as but little time need
be spent either in loading or unloading. About
ten loads of a hiindred gallons each would, proba-
bly be sufficient for an acre at any one time.

But this is not all that may be done with sea-
water. It may be drove any distance into a coun-
try, in aqueducts for the purpose, with the aid of
wind-machinery. Say, for instance that it can be
ilrove on ascending lands to the height of a hun-
dred feet, with one wlicid and crank turned by
the wind.' When raised that height and emptied
into a cistern lor the purpose, it may in the same
way be drove up to the height of another hundred
feet, by another wheel and crank turned as before ;
and'so on to any given In ight required. So that
the highest cuUivable lands, or those most remote
from the sea, may in this way and with the cart
before described, be manured with seawater.

The sprinkling of the water over the kind may
be done at a small exiiense, as we have just shown.
The principal expense therefore is the aqueducts
for carrying the water. These if made of wood
would lirohably cost a ihousand dollars a mile, in-
cluding all other necessary apparatus. Every
mile in length would serve for two square miles of
land. The wood fi.nning the aqui'diicts being
constantly saturated with saltwater would probably
last a century. The expense at this rate would
fall short of ten cents per acre by the year.

In addition to the use of the water for manure
a great saving could be made in the use of salt,
for cattle and in various other ways in which
this liquid might be in part asubstitute for that ar-
ticle.

disppiisid wi;h, wire any pains taken to inlrmiuce

the native |iulishiiig dust into the market. 'Jmcri-

fiin Jil/i;;.

Ill Effrcts of the Cravat. Wearing the cravat
too tightly tied, induces distressing, and frequently
very constant pain of both the head and eyes.
During exertion of the body, it would be well to
loosen it ; and iilso, when engaged in profound
study, writing, reading, &c. The body ought, on
retiring to rest, to be divested of all ligatures.
Evils of great magnitude have arisen from a ne-
gleet of these precautions. — lb.

From the Maine Farmer. Will you or some of
your correspondents give me the relative value of
palm leaf brooms and broom corn ones, as to first
cost, their usefulness, their several capacities to
endure. 1 am willing to own I know not for
what the iiahii leaf is made or how. My inquiry
is partly to find if palm leaf ones will take the
place of the others eventually. — E.nquirer.

Curiosity. Mr. Philip Taft, of Smithfield, has
presented us witli a branch of a shrub oak, on
which are several' ears of corn now growing ! It
was taken from a field of corn in Smithfield, and^
is a rare curiosity to us, and may be to others if
they will take the trouble to call at our office.
The grains of corn are in perfect shape, but the
substance is similar to that of an oak apple. It is
thought that the flour of the corn lodged on the
oak and amalgamated, and this produced the/nij(,
as uncoinmoi^ as it is curious. — fi'oonsorkd Patriot.
Figs. It cannot be doubted this delicate and
ilelichnis fruit may be raised in plenty for the
market by proper attention. We have now before
us a tuii; raised in the garden of Mr. Samuel Hart,
of the U. States Navy Yard. The twig contains
five ripe, and very numerous unripe figs; it was
the second crop on the tree, as the first had been
distrojed by I'le extraordinary frosts of the season.
The tree contained about 50 ripe and 200 unripe
\'vf. We hope some of our ambitious gardeners
will take a hiiit from these liicls, and give us plen-
ty of figs. A very little care and labor would, no

ITEMS OP ECOKOMY, &c.

nnttvn Stone. This useful article, of so much
importance to the workers in metals, and in lioiisc-
kecpiug, where knives, forks, and brasses are to
be kept in proper condition, is found in West
Springfield in this State, and also in South Iladley.
The importation of Rotten Stone might be wholly

ioubt, produce much |irofit. — L. Island Star.

Large Melon. Rlr. Joseph E. Loomis of Sheri-
dan, picked from his vines last week, a Muskmel-
01), which measured lengthwise 3 feet 7 1-2 inches,
around it 29 1-2 inches, and weighed 19 3-4 lbs.
— Fridonia Censor.

A Whopper. 'Squire Parker yestei-day culled a
Cucumber from his garden, that measured 15 hi-
chcs in length, 10 inches round the centre, and
vveiohed 6 1-2 |ioimds. — Mtntucket Inquirer.

Apple tree. The body of the apple tree in Hock-
aniiin meadow, to which we alluded two weeks
since, measures midway between the ground and
branches, thirteen feet in circumference. The dl-
aiiiiter is therefore about four feet.

Apples. There has not been such a scarcity of
apiili'S in this part of the. country since the year
1794. The cold weather in May destroyed almost
all the fruit on the hills and in the valleys. .Some
persons have a few apples and will make a small
quantity of cider, but the greater part Inne hardly
enough for apple pies, and will be destitute of
cider" apple sauce and winter apples. So far as
we have observed, there are more apples on the
trees in the meadows and low lands near Connee-
tit-ut river, than any where else. We have heard
old people make the same remark in regard ifl
apples in \l^i.— Hampshire Gaz.

VOL. xin. NO. 11.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

83

Broom-corn. There has hceii a stir among the
l)ronin-in:\nii(acturers and otficrs within a fuw
(lays, ami \arat'. quantities of the growing hrooiii-
lirush ill HaiHey, llatfielrl anil otlii.'r riviir towns,
have heen imiThased at 7 cents per pound, which
is an advance of" one rent or more f'rotii the prices
Kiveii last year. Some nninfornied .of the ris(>,
have sold at ■•) 1-2 or 6 cents, and many are liohl-
iiig on, intending to get more than 7 cents. Tlie
crops of lirooiM corn in New-Jersey and Ohio are
saiil to he good, and some persons do not see any
snlHcient cause for the ])resent arlvance ; lint we
conclude that the Shakers and othfer purcliascrs
know what they are doing. — lb.

Teasels. There has heen a great rise i(i the
price of the teasel or fuller's thistle, and some far-
mers in Hatfield and Williamslnirgh have lately
received large sums of money for the produce ol'
small quantities of land. Tliive or four years
since, teasels were sold at 75 (rents per thousand,
and some as low as 67 cents ; now the maniific-
tnnn-s give from $2.37 to 2.50 fier thousand. Two
farmers in Willinmslnirgh have recently sold tea-
sels to the amount of 1500 dollar.s. In llatfielil, ;i
single acre has in some instances yielded 100,000
teasels, whicli have hroug-ht over 237 dollars.
There are very few acres, however, that do this.
'J"wo years are necessary to bring n teasel crop to
maturity; the plants require mtich care and lahor,
and are liahle to be winter-killed and to other in-
juries. After the price fell to 67 or 75 cents, the

never to admit the direct sunshine on the plants
when in a frozen state. When you have no glass-
es, the plants may be protected during winter by
boards or mats, giving them air in mild weather.
Cauliflowers sown in August or Sejitendier should
he r.iised carefully, and protected during the cold
season, in garden frames, with boards, mats, &c.,
or perlia|/s some may survive if set in open bor-
ders, or they may be set in pots. Weed and thin
your late crops of spinach, leaving the best plants
at the distance of three, four, or five inches asun-
der. Early in October, hoe and earth up the late
planjed crops of cabbages, broccoli, and borecole,
cauliflowers and other plants of the brassica genus.
Towards the end of the month, if tlie stalks of as-
paragus turn yellow, cut them clo.se to the earth;
clear the beds and alleys from weeds, .and carry
them with the stalks ofl'the ground. It will then
not he amiss to cover the berls and alleys with old
litter, well trodden down, to be removed in the
spring. Or yon may apply manure now instead
of in spring. Cut down all decayed flower stems,
and shoots of the various kinds of aromatic, pot
and medicinal herbs, close to the plants; clear the
beds from weeds and litter, and carry the whole
ofl'the ground. Onions may now be planted out
to raise seed, instead of setting tliein in the spring.
The seeds of dill, skirret, rhubarb, sea-kale, may
now be sown; for, if kept out of ground till sfiring,
many of thetn will not vegetate till a year after ;
but when sown in October or November, if the

cultivation was relinquished by many, and the I seeds are fresh and perfect they will vegetate the
present high [irices are owing to a great diminu- j April following. Begin to take up and secure po-
tion in the quantity raised. I tatoes, beets, carrots, parsneps, turnips, .rerusalem
The Hatfield firmers commonly have tlicir dish | artichoke, &c. Give a general hoeing and weed-
right side up when it rains. — lb. \ mg to all your crops, and carry the weeds out of

the garden. Such spaces of ground as are now va-
cant should lie dunged, dug or trenched, and ihus
have the advantage of a winter lallow, and that
exposure to frost which will reduce it to fine tilth,
and destroy worms, the larvae of insects, &c.
The old beds of strawberries should, some time in
October, be cleaned from weeds, and the vines
or runners he taken off close to the plants ; then if
there be room, loosen the earth to a moderate
dejith between the plants, taking care not to dis-
turb the roots. And if the jilants are in beds with
alleys between, line out the alleys, and let them
be dug a moderate depth, breaking the earth very
fine and spreading a sufficiency of it over the beds,
between and round the beds, taking care not to
bury their tops. A slight top-dressing of com-
post such as described may now be applied. It
inay now be time to gather and preserve apples
and pears, though it is best to let them remain on
the trees as long as they are safe from frost. If
you are not apprehensive of the depredations o(
mice, rats, squirrels, &c. you iriay sow the stones
of plums, peaches, nectarines, a)iricots, &c. or yon
may if you think it more prudent, preserve them
in sand till JMarch or April. — FtssaxderCs JVtw
American Gardener.

septe.mber and october.

gardener's work.

Hoe and thin your growing crops of spinach.
Sow a full crop of the prickly-seeded kind for
winter and spring use. Am\, at the same time a
good supply of the early short-tO]i, white and red
turnip-rooted and salmon radishes. Earth up cel-
ery as it advances in growth, but be careful to
avoid covering the hearts of the plants. This
work should be done in a dry day. See that you
do not bruise or injure the stalks ; for if they arc
crushed or wounded tliey will be subject lo rot.
Gather all kinds of seeds as they ripen, whicli may
be neces.-ary for the ensuing season. Towards
the hitler end of September, you may safely trans-
plant all kinds of hanly perennial, aromatic and
mecficiual herbs, which will thus become well
rooted before winter. This work should, if pos-
sible, be done in moist weather. Pull and pre-
serve your ripe onions, and sow more to stand
over winter. Protect your grapes and other fruit
against wasjis. This may be done by lianging up
phials of honied or sugared water near the fruit
you wish to dif nd from their attacks, in which
many of the tiny depredators will be caught and
destroyed. Thoroughly clean from weeds all the
seed-beds and ynnng plantations of trees, shrubs,
&c. Gather cucumbers and mangoes for pickling
before they spot. Sow cauliflowers about the 20tli.

The young cabbage plants, produced from seeds
sown in October, and intended for early summer
cabbages, should be trans|ilanted into the beds in
which they are to remain during winter.

Prepare a bed for them, the width of your gar-
den frame, in a warm, well sheltered place, w here
the sun hath the greatest power ; yet be careful

RUSTIC CHAIR.

Among the articles lately exhibited by the Hor-
ticultural Society at Faiieuil Hall, there were few
attracted more attention than a rustic chair, made
and |)resented to the Society by D. L. Jones ot
New Bedford. It is made from the rough branch-
es of the gnarled oak, ingeniously put together ;
but still retaining their original wild ami fantastic
appearance, which they wore when growing in
their native forests. — Mcr. Jour.

cow TREE.

Amo.ngst the great number of curious phenom-
ena which presented themselves to me in the
course of my travels, there are few which have so
powerfully att'ected my imagination as the aspect
of the cow-tree. On the barren flank of a rock
grows a tree with coriaceous and dry leaves ; its
large woody roots can .scarcely penetrate into the
stone ; for several months in the year not a single
shower moistens its foliage; its branches appear
dead and dried, but when the trunk is pierced
there flows from it a sweet and nourishing milk.
It is at the rising of the sun that this vegetable
fountain is most abundant ; the blacks and natives
are iIkmi seen hastening from all quarters, furnish-
ed with large bowls to receive the milk, which
grows yellow and thickens at its surface, some
emjity their bowls near the tree itself, others carry
the juice home to their children. We seem to be-
hohl the finiily of a shepherd who distributes the
milk of his flock. — Humboldt.

USEPUI, DOG.

A woMAiv residing in the neighborhood of Mel-
rose, the wife of an industrious and respectable
laborer, has ibr a considerable time been subject
to epileptic attacks which come on generally in
the course of the day. She has no servant, and
her children are too young to render her any as-
sistance in the paroxysms. The want of attendants
is supplied by a faithful and sagacious collie dog,
which no sooner perceives his mistress endeavor-
ing with difficulty to reach her bed than he runs
howling for her husband, and coniiiiues barking
and howling until he has found him, and he re-
turns with him to the house, the faiihful dog
leading the way and appearing delighted to see
his master coming to his wife's assistance. Upon
no occasion has this dog been known to neglect
his duly when his mistress is taken ill, and at
wliatever distance from home his master may hap-
pen to be at work, he does not cease running with
all his speed, howling at the time in the most pit-
iful manner, until he lias been able to find him. —
Aberdeen Herald.

COMMUNICATION.

For the New England Farmer.
SPLENDID SI7N-FI.OWER.

Mr. Fessenden — I am not acquainted with the
cnlliire of the sun-flower, nor the extent of its
growth. But with my limited knowledge, I have
seen one which ajipeared to me much larger than
usual ; should it apjiear so to you, you are at lib-
erty to notice it, on that account, in your useful
paper.

It grew from a chance seed and lias bad no at-
tention in cultivation.

The main stalk is eleven feet three inches high;
eight inches in circumference just above theground,
and seven inches in circumference four feet from
the ground. Largest branch, or limb from trunk
four feet seven inches long ; has thirty-eight
branches from main stock now on it, two more
having been broken off by their own weight; and
it has now on it two hundred and forty four blow-
ings and buds. The largest number of blov/ings
and buds on one branch is eleven, and the small-
est number one ; no branch being destitute of a
blowing or bud. Essex North.

Sept. Is/, '34.

84

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER 24, JS34,

From the Genesee Farmer,
EVILS IVHICH MAY BE REMEDIED.

I HAVE long believed that no class of citizens
was more exempt from perplexities and difficul-
ties than farjncrs, and yet there are evils to which
many of them are siiliject. These, however, may
be lessened, if not entirely removed. To efl'ect
this would have a tendency to increase and pre-
serve that good feeling which ought to subsist in
neighborhoods.

INSUFFICIENT LINE FENCES.

It is said that " good fences make good neigh-
bors." Although this is not the only essential, ii
is by no means a sinall one. Cattle and horses
will soon find a low or a weak place in a fence.
That part of the fence belongs to A. yet when
his grain is injured he complains that his neigh-
bor's cattle are unruly, and admits au unkind
feeling. In vain is he told that the fence belongs
to him, and ought to be strengthened — he is too
busy to attend to it. B. is careful to make his
part of the line fence good, and often entreats
his neighbor to repair his part also, but in vain.
The cattle again trespass, and destroy mnch grain
— an open rupture is the consequence. — Have
not many of the readers of the Farmer such
neighbors as A ! Every Farmer is bound in jus-
tice to make his part of the line fence a complete
protection against cattle.

BORROWING AND LENDING FARMING IMPLEMENTS.

A disposition to be accommodating is charac-
teristic of good farmers. Even those who arc
best supplied with farming implements, may oc-
casionally want an additional article. This des-
cription of farmers seldom borrow, are careful to
return the article at the time appointed, and in as
good order as they received it. My remarks
are designed for a different class. Some have
hardly an implement in a condition for use, and
depend for years on borrowing of their neighbors.
The owners when they need them have to send
for them, or if reim-ned, find them imfit for use
without repairs. I know a farmer of this descrip-
tion who has money at interest, but wljo has not
had for years some of the most necessary im-
plements, nor has he had a small wagon or a
whole bag. His family must occasionally ride to
the village, they must send to the mill, and he must
cultivate his farm ! but if he can efi'ect all these
without expense, he may annually add to the
amount at interest. This is gross injustice and
begets unpleasant feelings in the minds of those
who have to endure it. Common justice requires
that every firmer who can aflbrd it, should be
provided with a com|)lete set of good farming im-
pliments, bags, grindstone, &,c.

COLTS, CATTLE, SHEEP, HOGS, RUNNING AT LARGE.

When mnch of this country was unenclosed,
and the farmers had but little land cleared, it was
allowable to permit creatures to run at large, but
this is no longer the case. Humanity to animals re-
quires that we should keep no more than our
farms will well support, and I think that interest
requires it also. Justice certainly demands it.

Many farmers are in the practice of turning a
drove of young cattle into the road early in the
spring. The scanty picking does not satisfy them,
and hunger if it will not break through stone
walls, will often induce the poor, half starved ani-
mals to break through a rail fence, into a field of
luxuriant wheat or grass. Is this justice? or is it
calculated to promote harmony in ncigliorhoods ?
When a gate or bars communicating with the roud

is left open for a few minutes, these poor crea-
tures or a drove of hogs are sure to enter. — But
besides tliis annoyance, our roadsides are much
defaced by the rooting of hogs. I consider it the
duty of every farmer to keep no more stock than
can be subsisted on his farm, and there to confine
them. Those who are unwilling to do this should
remove to the border of one of the western (irairies.

DOGS.

I consider dogs not oidy useless, but a great
nuisance. When sent to drive hogs out of a corn-
field, they generally cause greater danjage than
the hogs would have done. Good fences would
prevent the necessity of keeping them for that
use. In vain do farmers go to the expense of pro-
curing the finest Saxony or Merino sheep, if their
neighbors, many of them not worth a cent, are
permitted to keep a pack of prowling, sheep-kill-
ing dogs. And who possessed of a spark of good
feeling, would wish to keep an animal about his
[iremises, that is a terror to every female or child
approaching the house ? Damage is frequently
sustained by travellers, in consequence of dogs
running out and springing at their horses. The
amount of injury in person and property in one
year, is greater than the value of all the dogs in
country. These considerations should induce ev-
ery good citizen to do all in his power, by exam-
ple and precept, to abate this nuisance.

Ontario.

MANURE.

Arthur Young took five equal portions of a
field, one portion of which he manured with dry
cut straw ; a second with straw soaked five hours
with fresh urine ; a third with straw soaked in
like manner fifteen hours; a fourth with straw
soaked three days ; and to the fifth portion he ap-
plied nothing. The whole was tilled alike and
sowed witi) grain. The product in grain of the
first was thirty-nine, of the second fifty, of the
third sixty-three, of the fourth one hundred and
twenty-six, and of the undunged portion nine.
In weight of grain and straw, the ju-odnct of the
several portions, in the order above named, were
found to be 100, 120, 130, 300, and 48. This
experiment afl^ords a pretty conclusive demonstra-
tion of the value of vegetable matter as food for
plants, and particularly of the fertility imparted
by the urine of animals, which latter to us is gener-
erally lost to all useful purposes. It indicates the
propriety of so constructing our cattle yards and
stable floorings as to concentrate this liquid, and
where there is no cistern to retain it, of applying
straw and other litter to absorb it ere it is wasted.
Another fact is worth noting — the rotting process
took pla{;e wholly in the soil — the fertilily was in-
duced by long manure, and the liquids which it
held — and not by muck. — Genesee Recorder.

From the Baltimore Farmer Sf Gardener.
CORNSTALK FODDER.

The subject of cornstalk fodder must this year
be one of great interest to the farmer. In our last
[)aper we gave the account of an experiment insti-
tuted for the purpose of testing the efl'ects of cut-
ting off the top of the stalk before the grain has
arrived at a state of maturity ; and the result prov-
ed that an entire loss of twenty per cent, was sus-
tained in consequence of the practice. We ac-
companied this calculation with some observations
tending to show from reasoning on the |)hysiologi-
cal and known laws of vegetation, that this calcu-

lation was correct. Had the stalks at the same
time been taken off at the ground, instead of be-
ing cut above the ear, we have no doulit but the
loss in the crop would have been less. We know
that buckwheat when cut has many grains which
are but barely formed, yet the sap contained in the
stalk proceeds on its course, and nourishes the
grain, and we find that young grains are brought
to perfection after being cut. The same thing
would take place in corn if cut at (he root instead
of being taken off above the ear.

Any one may satisfy himself, niciely. by his
own taste, that the portion of stalk belovi' the ear
contains much more saccharine matter than the
upper part, which is saved by topping, .nnd this
faci is corroborated by the experience of the wri-
ter of this article. He kept three horses and
twelve cows in this w.ay. Tlie 12 milch cows
were kept in stalls — 18 bushels of the stalks, cut
in a horse power cutting box, were every morn-
ing put into a trmdi having a false bottom six inch-
es from the true bottom — half a bushel of Indian
meal was mixed as equally as possible through
the stalks. The 6 inch space between the true
bottom of the trunk, which was perforated with
holes to admit the steam through, was divided in-
to two apartments by a transverse partition, and
contained a small portion of water, lilto the up-
per apartment, for one end was a little elevated,
was put 4 qts. of flaxseed every morning, and in-
to this water was admitted steam from a steam
engine. The stalks, meal and flaxseed were all
cooked in this way, in about one hour and a half I
after the sleani had conmienced passing over. 1
The water in which the flaxseed was steeped, was
formed into a jelly, was drawn off and poured
over the stalks before feeding away to the cattle.
The second morning the portion of seed that had
been stee|)ed the day before was drawn down to
the lower apartment, and replaced with 4 qts.
more of seed, and the first portion of seed after
the second steeping, was taken with the jelly, and
poured over the stalks to be given to the cows.
We have before -shown the tendency of steaming
food, to convert the nmcilage, slarch and gummy
matter into sugar.

Thus each cow had daily of meal 1 qt. Ij^ gill ;
of flaxseed IJ gill ; of stalks one bushel and a
half With this feed the cows were kept in full
flow of milk, and when dry were in good con-
dition for the butcher.

The cream from their milk made as good and
as yellow butter as was made in the sunmier from i
white clover and orchard grass pasture. I

INOCULATING CHEESE.

What will the ingenuity of man not contrive .-
A method has been discovered of inoculating
cheese: or, in other words, of transplanting the
character of an old cheese into a new one. This
rather curious scheme is brought forward as a
connnunication to the Agricultural Journal for
March, by John Robinson, Esq. tiecretary of the
Royal Society of Edinburgh. " If it be required,"
says he, "to communicate to a new cheese the
flavor and api)earanco of an old one, it may be
done by the iuscrlion in the new cheese of por-
tions of the old one containing blue mould, The
little scoop which is used in taking sauiides of
cheese is a ready made means of performing the
operation, by interchanging ten or a dozen of the
rolls which it extracts, and placing them so as to
disseminate the germ of the blue njould all over

VOL. XIII. NO. H.

the cheese. A new Stilton cheese treated in this
way, and well covered up from the air for a few
weeks, becomes thoroughly imprefrriatud with the
mould, and generally with a flavor hardly to he
distinguished from the ohl one. I have sometimes
treated half a Lancashire cheese in this way, and
have left the other half in its natural state| and
liave hoen much amused with the remarks of my
fri.:nds on the striking superiority of the English
over the Scotch one." If this ingenious plai"i he
found really successful on repeated trials hy others,
Mr. Rohiusun will deserve our thanks for hriu<:ing-
it forward.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

BUTTER

— Seaso.\ed with hrown sugar and saltpetre in
place of conunou salt, is said to be much supe-
rior to that prepared in the common mode. Sixty
firkins, prepared in this manner, lately commaud-
ed a considerable advance in the Waterford mar-
ket.

A TRIED RECEIPT FOR BURKS.

Keep on haml a saturated solution of alum (four
niuces iu a quart of hot water), dip a cotton cloth
n this solution, lay it immediately on the burn.
\s soon as it shall have become hot dry, replace
t by another, and thus continue it as often as it
Iries, which it will, at first, do very rapidly. The
lain iunnediately ceases, and in twenty-four hours
inder this treatment the wound will be healed
specially if the solution he ap|)lied before the blis-
3rs are formed. The astringent and drying-cpial-
ty of the alum completely prevents them. The
eepest burns, those caused by boiling water,
rops of melted jthosphorus, gunpowder, fulmi-
atmg powder, &c. have all been cured by this
pecific. — Middklown Smiind.

CHLORINE GAS.

The following instruction for extracting Chlo-
ne Gas, and purifying the air, is taken from a
tmphlet written by Dr. Sanders of Edinburgh,
id It IS strongly recommended to householders' by
e Board of Health ; at the cost of a shilling a
eek fimdies tnay protect themselves from Chol-
a.— Four parts by weight, or eight jiarts by
easure, common sea salt ; one of deutoxyde o'f
anganese, called in the shops manganese— mix
ese together with « stick or staff; add water to
listen the mixture thoroughly ; then pour iu
■ong sul()liuric acid, commonly called oil of vit-
)1, and stir the mass with a staff. The steams
II mstantly fly up, and in like manner from time to
ie let the acid be added till the fuming will have
ised, and let water also be added if the mixture
3 become too consistent. A common herring bar-
sawed through the middle, will make two excel-
it tubs ; put the materials into them, and proceed
above directed, place one in each narrow lane
close, and let the inhabitants open their win-
ivs. In houses where the disease is, a cont-
n porter tumbler will do very well, and if the
ell he distinctly perceived, that is enough to be
H up. For each street let one or more tubs
itaining the salt and manganese mixed, be put
'n a cart, along with a jar full of the oil of vit-
, and a man with a rod in his hand, and his
k to the wind, and while he is pouring in the
1 and the steams are rising let the cart move
ivly along just as carts do when the streets are
el-ed, and at a cheaper rate than streets are wa-
ll! will cities be saved — Acadian Recorder

BAD AIR

Although we are all, from the moment of our
hirths, immersed in a fluid which is necessary to
our existence every moment while we live, yet
how Ctiw of us take the pains to know lu.vj and
why this fluid is necessary to life ! Upon the pu-
rity of air we breathe depends the firm, elastic
tread of health, the keenness of the «p|)etite, and
tlie proper digestion of our food. Sound sleep by
night, as well as a pro])er buoyancy and flow of
spirits while we are awake, depend likewise upon
the purity of the air we breathe. The atmosphere
m us ordinary state, contains two or three constit-
uent priuciph^s, which we should all understan.l
ui order to know how to judge of good or bad air
These principles are called oxygen, nitrogen and
.■arboD, which are held in a rarefied state hy a
portion of heat. About 78 parts of nitroL^en, about
-1 of oxygen, and one or two per cent, of carbon
compose the atmosphere in all parts of the earth
Oxygen is the lightest, and carbon the hfiaviest of
these principles ; oxygen is the chief supporter of
.■inmial life, while carbon is the proper foo.l of
vegetables ; oxygen is the proper supporter of
combustion, while carbon extinguishes combus-
li^on, and will almost instantaneously destroy life.
From these facts we are authorized to draw the'
lollowing conclusions relative to the art of pre-
serving health.

Firstly—Never to suffer a candle or a lar^e fire
to burn in a bed-room after night; for the process
ot combustion in both cases tends to consume the
oxygen, which is essential to healthy respiration
and gives out in the place of oxygen, a lar-e pro-
portion of carbon, which is highly iujurious\o life,
feecon.lly— The practice too common, of placin.^
children to sleep on low bedsteads, cannot be too
much deprecated ; as carbon being the heaviest por-
tion of the air, is always found nearest the surface.
In the third place— Bed-rooms should be well
ventilated during the day, and should generally be
the largest rooms in the liouse, instead of bein.'
the smallest as they generally are. °

85

MULBERRY TREES.

The successful cultivation of the Chinese Mul-
berry, Moriis Multicaulis, is exceeding even the
sanguine expectations of its friends. The plants
which are growing from cuttings in this town, are
now from four to six feet in height and covered
with foliage almost us large as cabbage leaves.
Many of them are eleven inches long and nine
broad, and some have been seen as large as II by
14. The plant seems adapted by nature for the
very use to which it is applied, the feeding of Silk
Worms. It rarely exceeds ten feet in height
grows with rapid growth, and puts forth its Im-
mense leaves the moment the stem rises above the
ground. When propagated from ' the seed, the
first year they are not so large as from cuttings.
But even from the seed they almost stagger credu-
lity. The Secretary of our Agricultural Society
has some plants growing about three feet hi"b
with leaves eight inches long and six and three
quarters broad. Some plants cultivated by anoth-
er gentleman from the Chinese seed sown this
spring, are higher and with leaves even larger,
and if the season continues favorable, will %et
measure twelve inches long and nine inches broad
I he leaves of the common Mulberry every body
knows are diminutive in size, and compared with

the Chinese, are not worth cultivation JVorth-

ampton Courier.

From Ike Louisburg Alleghanian.
ON DESTROYING THE INSECTS WHICH IN-
FEST FRUIT TREES.

It is of the utmost importance to the success
and general well being of all fruit trees, that they
be kept perfectly clear from all insects, parasites
of all sorts, and all extraneous matters. Winter
is the best season in which to operate for effectin"-
this object; and, with regard to fruit trees trained
against walls, we ought to commence by loosening
all of them from the wall, and giving them regular
and judicious pruning. After this, begin upon
the mam stem, even below the surface of the
earth, by removing a portion of the soil, and dili-
gently scape or pare, if the case be such as to re-
quire it, every part, even to the extremity of each
branch. YVfterwards wash the whole of the wall
inost completely with the following preparation:
Take strong lime-water, after it has settled into a
perfectly clear state, (so that none of the lime re-
mains, farther than what it holds in solution), and
mix m It about a fourth part of strong tobacco
liquor; some soft soap, 1 lb. to a gallon ; and about
1 lb. of flour of brimstone, or of sulphur vivura
either will answer: if some black pepper, ground
very fine, be added, it will be an improvement.
I his preparation will clear the wall most com-
pletely from every kind of insect. After the trees
are again dry, have a mixture ready, composed of
the above ingredients, but in stronger proportions ;
and, instead of the lime water, use chamber lye
or the strong drainage of a farm-yard ; and, lastly,'
thicken It to the consistence of good thick paint,
"ith quicklime dissolved in it. Take painter's
brushes of different sizes, and coat the trees com-
pletely over with the mixture, not leaving a chink
or the axU of a bud, without working the mixture
well into it. Use the whitest lime you can get for
the purpose, that when dry you may readily see
where the brush has missed. It is best to coat
every part completely over two or three times, and
It will kill every thing that is not concealed in the
bark. In pear trees, the insects of the last class
are our greatest pest. I wish some one would be
kind enough to inform us how to get rid of the
warty pest, which does not, I believe, commit its
greatest ravages in that state. Will Rnsticus of
(.odahning be so kind as to give us the history of
this destructive insect ? I think we have no ene-
my so resistless as this ; all others fall beneath the
above dressing. A Farmer and Gardener.

NEW MECHANICAL POWER.

An ingenious mechanic at Brussels has just ap-
plied a new power to mechanics, from which great
results appear to be expected. This new power
is galvanism. Across a fly-wheel which is to give
motion to the machine, he has placed a metallic
bar, previously magnetised by a galvanic pile, and
within the attraction of two very powerful mag-
nets. The moment that the bar arrives in a rota-
tory course at the limit of the attractive power,
and where it would necessarily stand still, the in-
ventor, by the application of galvanism suddenly
converts the attractive into a repulsive power,
which continues the motion iu the same direction,'
and by those alternations, well managed, the wheel
acquires a rapid rotation. The experiment is said
to have been completely successful, and the ma-
chine worked for a whole hour.

The first white frost in the vicinity of Washing-
ton city, was on the 12th inst.

86

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPTEMBER 24, 1S34,

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPT. 24, 1S34.

THE EXHIBITION OP THE MASSACHUSETTS
HORTICUIiTURAL, SOCIETY,

Helit ill Faiiiicil H.ill mi the 17lli, 18lh, iiml

19lli instant, was a splcMidiil i!is|)lay ; snriiassiiij;;
the mopt sanguine anliciiiations of the friends of
the Society, anil the Amateurs of that rural ini-
provemeiit, in whicli uatiiie and art comhine to
produce the fairest olijec-ts which can decorate
the splendid ahodes of atiluence, or the hnnihle re-
treats of rural felicity. It was a suhject of deiif,'l)t-
fiil contiMnplation to behold the "Cradle of Lib-
erty" converted, as it were, by enchantment, in-
to the Temple of Flora and the Palace of Pomona.
The Champions of American Inde|iendence, whose
portraits adorn the walls of the venerated faliric,
appeared to looU with complacence on the efforts
of the Society to di'corate the theatre of their ex-
ertions, which ;;:ive Independence and National
l.ilierly to our common country ; and splendid re-
alities combined with, pleasing reminiscences to
" lend enchantment to the scene."

The address of Mr. Gray was all which the
occasion demanded, or whicli could be anticipated
by the most ar<lent friends of Horticulture. The
sales of Tickets of admission produced $775, and
the sales of Fruits and Flowers about $12.5.

E. M. Richards, Dedham — Red Jmieating and tlie Society
Beiioni Apples. Long Green, Gris Bonne and
Harvard Pears (2 b.-iskets each).

Capt. John Mackay, Weston — Hawthorndean
Apples (4 baskets). Seckle Pears (4 baskets, very

Early Lees Anglo and Qiieen Anne
Plum.

Benjamin Gigger, Waltham — Orange Cling-
stone P<'aclies (excellent).

R. Ward, Roxbiiry — H.irilett Pears, longest Se-

fine).

Yellow flielacoton Peaches (2 baskets). , ckle do. Fat Horse and Lima Beans,

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES,

Contributed in aid of the E.rliihition at Fa^uiiil
Hall, Sept. 17, 18, 19, 1834.
From Col. T. H. Perkins, Brookline, (by Win.
H. Cowing), Black Hamburg, White do., White
Muscat of Alexandria, St. Peters, Black Prince,
Muscat of Liinil, White Frontignac, Grisly Fron-
tignac. Flame colorc;d Tokay, White Chasselas
or Sweet Water, White do. of Frontignac, Fron-
tignac, Constantia of Byzant, and Isabella Grapes.
A large basket of superb Peaches and Nectarines.
Hon. John Lowell, Roxbury — White Pitinaster
Cluster Grape, n new seedling, very hardy and
early, just imported. White Hamburg Grape, and
a basket of ripe Figs.

Hon. Richard Sullivan, Brookline — Bartlett
Pears; Black Hamburg Grai>cs ; and fine Nutmeg
Melon.

Z. Cook, Jr., Esq., Boston— Bartlett Pears.
John Prince, Esq., Jamaica Plains — French
Red, Hubbardstoii Nonesuch, Reinette du Canada,
Court iieiidu gris, Mela Carla, Ribstone Pippin,
Buckman's Pearinain and Blue Peariiiain Apples.
Bloodgood's Yellow Winter, Fulton, Andrews,
Bon Chretien, Catillac, Long Green, Beurio du
Rni, anil Hr. Hart's Pear.

Micah II. Buggies, Fall River— Wilbur Pear,
(very fine).

Elijah Vose, Dorcliester — Capiaumont, Urba-
niste, I'.artlett, Passe Colniar, Lewis, Wilkinson,
and Mouille Bouche Pears. Red Callville, and
Spice Apples. Rock, Persian, Pino Apple, ami
Green flesh Caiitalinip Melons. Royal Purple,
Chasselas, and White Chasselas Grapes. Grosse
Mignoun, ami Morris White Peaches.

Sumiiel Pond, Cambridge — Red Siberian Crab
Apples. Bartlett, Capiaumont, and Andrews
Pears. Seininac and Yellow Egg Plums. Green
Catharine Peaches. Golden and White Chasselas
Grapes. Citron Melon (for preserves). Nutmeg
Melons. Three Bottles Wine, made from the Is-
abella Grape.

Citron Melons.

Jose|)h Balch, Roxbury — Pumiikin Sweeting
and Hawthorndean jYpples. Heathcot Pe.ir.

James Reed, Roxbury — Noblesse Peaches (on
branches). Black Hamburg Grapes. Jacques,
Large Rareripe or Melacoton Peaches (beautiful
and superb).

IMarshall P. Wilder, Dorchester — Iron Pears,
and 2 baskets of Pears to be named. Sweet Wa-
ter Grapes, Isabella Grapes.

M. R. anil E. Marsh — Porter Apples, dishing,
Fall Bon Chretien, Stckle, and Bartlett Pears.
N. E. Gliiies, Boston — Apples, name unknown.
Win. E. Otis & Co. Boston — Ajiples, name un-
known.

John A. Kenrick, Newton — Nonesuch, Hiib-
bardston, Newton, and Rilistoiie Pippin Apples.
Kenrick's Heath, Red and Yellow Rareripe, Car-
olina, Kennedy Clingstone, Jacques and White
Peaclies. Nectarine (name unknown), Capiau-
mont Pears.

George Pierce, Charlestovvn — Porter Apples,
Philadelphia Pippins.

C. Cowing, Roxbury — Bartlett Pears. 11 Red
Melacoton Peaches.

E. Breed, Esq. — Brown Beurre, Brocas Bur-
gamotte Pears.

Cheever Newliall — Bartlett, Bleeker's Meadow
and Bon Chretii!ii Pears.

Dr. S. A. Sliiirtleff, Pemlierton's Hill, Boston —
St. Michail's Pear (3 baskets). Seekle, Russelte
d' Rheiiii, Gnusels or Brocas Bergainotte, White
Chasselas Grapes (open culture). Red Rareripe
Peach.

Samuel Sweelser, Cambridgeport — Rushmore
Bon Chretien Pear.

Thomas Mason, Charlestown — Royal George,
Belgarde and Royal Kensington Peaches. EInige
and Brighon (native) Nectarines. Black Hamburg
Lombarily, Black St. Peters, Red Ilainburg, and
White Sweetwater Grapes.

Benjamin V. French, Esq. Boston — Nonesuch,
Black of Cox and Double Flowering Chinese x\p-
(iles. Barilet Tillington and Beurre Mariiii
Pears. Arabian Cabbage.

Jacob Tiild, Roxbury — 2 clusters nice Graiics,
one weighing G 1-2 lbs., and one 5 lbs. And 2
Long Water Melons.

IMessrs. Winships, Brighton — Jacques, Cutter's
Yellow and Royal Peaches.

E. Bartlett — Wax Peaches, a fine variety. Bart-
lett Pears, and other varieties.

Hamilton JJavidson, Charlestown — Belgarde
Peach. 2 Seekle Pears.

Mr. T. Bigelow, Medford — Royal Charlotte
Peaches, superb.

Charles Taylor, Dorchester — Black Hamburg
Grapes (a large basket).

Messrs. Ilovey — Bartlett and Johonnet Pears.
Noblesk Peach. Semiana Plum. While Chas-
si'las and Black Hamburg Grapes (cultivated in
I'ots).

J. T. Wheelwright — Solanum MeloDgena, Pur-
ple and White.

D. L. Jones, Gardener to James Arnold, Esq.,
New Bedford — Black Hamburg Grapes (a fine
specimen). Also, a Rustic Chair, presented to

baskets Bonchietien
Red Ripe Peaches

Jonas Clarke Waltlitim — Red Rareripe Peaclie.=.
Charles Smith, Waltham — 3 large Watermel-
ons (one weighed 40 ll'S.)

David Slone, Waltham — 3 large Melmis.
Timothy Corey, Brookline — 2 Cablmges, each
weighing 20 lbs.

J. M. Ives, Salem — New Squash.
J. Ooolidge, Boston — Harvard and Andrews
Pears.

H. Davenport, Milton — 3
Pears.

J. Hill— Bartlett Pears
(excellent). Porler Apples.
Thomas McCarty — Peai lies.
A. D. Williams — Grapes on vines, and Valpa-
raiso Squash.

Saml. G. Perkins — Large Basket conininiiig
Black Hamburg, Zinliiidal, Constantia, Alexan-
dria, Muscat, White, Muscat ol' Frontignac, Por-
tugal, Purple, Oval Grapes. Yellow, Admirable,
Morris, While, Melter, Pine Apple, Paris Peaches.
G. W. Ward,' Shrewsbury — Apples fioiii a tree
that never blossoms ; no seed nor core ; has been
in bearing 20 years.

Mr. Davis — Ileaihcot Pears.
Mr. Tombs — Clingstone Peaches.
]\Ir. Belfonr, Charlestown — Isabella Grapes
open culture, girdled.

Richard Daseomb, Boston — Mock Oranges.
A. T. PLiiuiman, Boston — White Chasselas
Grapes.

W.Oliver, Roxbury — Cornelian Cherry.
Mrs. J. C. Jones, Boston — Egg Plum.
J^ectarines — a fine specimen from Mr. Mason-
out door rulture.

Pears — from Mr. John Clap, of South Reading
— to be sold on his account.

Egg Plums (very fine) — from IMrs. J. C. Jones
Somerset Place, Boston.

Jlessrs. Bartlett, Ward and Hovey, cxhihitec
fine Williams, Bonchietien (called Bartlett) Pears
Fruit generally was good, considering the unfa
vorable season.

For the Committee,

S. A. Shurtleff, Cliairman.

gy'The Report of the committee on the Mown
Auburn Garden and Cemetery, was received toi
late for insertion in this week's Farmer.

ITEMS OF IKTELIilGENCE.

The annual Cattle Show for the county of Miditlesc;
will be lickl this year at Concord, on the Sth of Octobe
next. The address will be delivered by Luther Law
rence of Lowell.

The Boston nnd WorcesUr Rail Road was opcneil "
Saturday, to Hnpkinton, a distance of 9.5 miles from lit"
ton. We le.irn from the Bfeily Advertiser that a birg
number of gentlemen went from Boston to Hopkintm
where they were met by others from Worcester, and oi
ebrated the event by partaking of a "bountiful repast,:
and by other demonstrations suitable to the occasion. |

Murder. A man was murdered on Sunday night, it
Albany, N. Y., having had his skull broken with a clu '
in the hands of Dan Riley, who has been committed.

vol.. XIII. N«. 11.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

87

Mr. Jacol) yiu'cts, of SUuiiiton, Va. was killed in a
well into which he hail descended, by the accumulation
of foul air.

Disaster nt Jerusalem. From 15,000 to 20,000 pilgrims
assembled recently, in the Cliurcli of the Holy Sepul-
chre, waiting many hours for the appearance of the holy
fire, when the crowd rushed at once towards the Sepul-
chre, and vast numbers of torches being suddenly light-
ed, inflamed the ■atmosphere to such a degree, contamina-
ted as it was by the breath of the nmltitude, who had
thronged the place during the night, that some hundreds
of persons lost their lives, and the remainder, includino-
Ibraliim Pacha, escaped out of the building witli great
difficult^.

GREEN house: GLASS.

200 boxes very Oiick— Ibr sale by LORING & KUPFER,
No 10 ftiercliaiu's Row. im sep 3

WHITE DUTCH CE.OVER.

Jusl received and lor sale, M ilie New England Seed Slore,
SI fi, 52 North IVIarkel street —

1000 lbs. While Dutch Clover in prime order, and far supe-
rior lo .\mcrican 8eeds, at reduced prices. sen 3

I BLACK SEA WHEAT.

! For .S,ir.E, 2j bushels ol' this valuable variety of Winter
j Wheal, of which an account niav be found in N. E Farmer
jvoi.xi, page 118. GEO. C. BARRETT,

New England Seed Store.

FAUM FOR SALE AT AUCTION.

WILL, be sold ai Public Auction on WEDNESDAY,
he TwENTV-.MNTH day of October next, at Two o'clock
)) the altcriioftu. upon tiie prpmises, all that Farm which be-
oilgcJ to .Asa Parker, Esq. late ol Jaffrey, deceased, situated
n the iiorlh-easterly pari of said Jaflrcy, estimated to contaiu
rwo HU.\-i)UKi> ANO Fit'Tv acres, more or less — bounded
lorlb ou Peter Davis and the highway ; cast on Joseph Saun-
iers, the highway and lainl of the children of Ande Holmes;
outh on ihc children of said Holmes and Samuel Palrick ; and
lesl on Jnseph Hodge, Levi Fi^k and others.

?5aid Farin is well worthy the attention of purchasers, having
pon it a D.velling House of two stories, two ISarns, and odier
onvcnient buildings, is well woodeil and watered, suitably di-
ided into Tillage, Mowing and Pasturing— and is valuable as

stock, or siieep farm.

There are also upon il three rtr four hundred thrifty young
1UI.BKRRV TREKS, SO that the purchaser can immediately
lake arrangements ti> commence the inanufaclure of Silk.

The right id'doWL-r of the widow, and the shares of all die
cirs, will l)e sold together, and a complete title given, and the
irm will he offered eniirc, or in lots thai may best suit pur-
hasers.

A small part of the purchase money will be required on the
xecuiiou of tha deed — Ibr the residue, a credit will be given
n mortgage, if desiri-d.

EDAIU.VD PARKER, ; Guardian.? for llie
SCEPHKiV JEWETT, 5 Minor Heirs,

,lalTrcy, N. H, S pi. 17, 1831.

lASSACIlUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The members of this Society are hereby noiiSed Ihal an ad-
jnrned meeting will be held al their Half in Market Street, on
alurday next, llie 27lli insl. at 11 o'clock ; al which time the
ommiUee appointed at the last meeting, lo itominate suitable
ersons to be elected otbcers of the Society for the ensuing
ear will make their report.

The Society is also hereby notified that a meeting thereof
ir'tlie choice of otlicers for die ensuing year, will be held at
le old Cominou Council Room in the Comity Court House,
ourl Square (between School and Court Streets), on Salur-
ly the 4ih of Oi-iobcr al 11 o'clock.
iep21 ROBERT T. PAINE, Recording Secretary.

JUST PUBLISHED,

Tile TEMPERANCE FAMILY ALMANAC, for 1835,
.Tiid lor sale m any quaiitily, at the office of the New England
Farmer— price fi cis. single, gi per hundred.

PATENT CLOVER HULLING MILL.

Ritlenhouse's Improved Hulling Machine, for hand or horse
power. This machine, invented by Robert Riltenhouse, is
louud lo he one of the most improved machines Ibr the pur-
pose, thai h.is been iinenied. Il is supposed thai one man

will readily hull and clean from five to six bushels per day.

The ab.ive machines are for sale al the Agricultural Ware-
house, Nos. 51 and 52 Norih Market slreel, and also rights for
towns, counties,, and states may be had, Sep. 10.

CORN CUTTERS.

This implement, ihough a common article, is one of the
most haudy and useful tools dial is used on a farm. A lew-
very superior cast steel ui.tv be had at the Agricultural Ware-
house. Likewise— Cast Steel Corn Forks, for loading corn
in the field. Sep. 10.

FOREST TREES.

WM. MANN, Bangor, Me. will execute orders in the most
ithlul manner for the following- kinds, viz,

A „k.^- Ar;...: , _ h,-l.;._ t^ , ° . .

Ash, all varieties,
Basswood or Tulip Tree,
American Elm,
Hornbeam,
Maple, all varieties,
Spruce, &c. iScc.

Arbor Vilri or White Cedar,

MiunuSn Ash or Roundwood,

Birch, all varieties,

llackmelac Larch or Juniper,

Hemlock,

Pine, ditVcrciil varieties,

II who are desirous of procuring a quantity will find il for

eir interesl belore buying eUewhere to write' per mail slating

e kinds, quantities, tiie manner in which to be packed, &c.

c. and tcims and particulars will be given.

Orders if more f onvenrent may be left with Mr. GEO. 0.

.\RRETT, of the Agricultural Warehouse, where prices

irrcnt may be .seen. 8w sept 21

FOREST TREES.

The subscnber having had several years experience in

ocuring Forcsi Trees, tenders his services lo the public in

at line.

He is ready al any time tocxecnte orders for the deciduous

id evergri'cn trees common to tin- county of Kennebec.

Arbor Vilir. Spruce, Fur, Pine, Hemlock, Larch, Ash, Jla-

e, Basswood, Jlouiitain Ash, Tree Cranberry, (a very pretty

rub) form a pan of die Caiah>gne of trees and shrubs which

1 is in the practice of obtaining.

Direct lo ZACHEUS GOLDSMITH, Gardiner, Me.

GcmliTier,M,:.A!/^'isrZ0th,-IS34: ' (iw. S,17

W^HITE MULBERRY SEED.

Just received While Mulbirry Seed, of the growth of 1331
.ved expressly for Ihe New Eiigland Seed Establishment.
GEO. C. BARRETT.

APPLE PARING MACHINE,

Willis' Improved Apple Paring Machine is found lo be very
handy and useful for paring apples, pears, c&c, is very simple
in its construction, and is used with great expedition.' Tho.se
who are in the daily habil of using apples will fiud this imple-
ment very convenient and useful. Sep. 10.

500 PIECES ENGLISH MERINOS.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, has received from New York
and will be opened on Momlay morning, 500 pieces English
Merinos, of superior quality and colors, being the entire im-
portation of one of the first importing Houses in Ihe country,
and in anlicipalion of Ihe season, will be sold al least 25 per
cent, lower than Ihey can be afforded in the Autumn.

aug 13 6tis 4U, Washingion-streel.

BLACK CURRANT WINE.

A FEW Bottles of this wine, so highly esteemed by all ac-
quainted with its medicinal properties, just received by Geo.
C. Barrett, 51 and 52 North Market street. aug 13

FRUIT TREES.

Ornamental TREES, ROSES, FLOWER-
ING PLANTS, &c. Nursery of WILLIAM
KENRfCK in Newton, 5^miles from Boston

by tlie City Mills, and J a ?nile from the Worcester

Rail Road.

A rare collection of Fruil trees. Trees and shrubs of orna-
ment, Roses, Dahlias, t.tc. This Nursery now covers com-
pactly, the most pari of 18 acres; and includes of Trees and
plants in different stages of growth, from two lo three hundred
thousand. Of wejc celebrated Pears alone, 150 kinds, a pari of
which having been already proved in our climate, are espec-
ially recommcueed. Of 'Peaches, a Capital Colleclion, for
extensive numbers and fine kinds — Apples — Cherries— Plums
— Nectarines — Apricots — Almonds — Quinces — Grape Vines

— Currants — Raspberries — Gooseberries — Slrawberiies Fio-s

&c. — Selections from the best varieties known. ^

MORUS MULTICAUI.IS, OR New CHINESE MuLBERRr, SO

celebrated for the food of silkworms.

Of ROSES. A superb colleclion of from 300 to 400 hardy
and China varieties ; from numerous importations, and first
rat" sources. While Flowering Horse Chesmits, Weeping
Willows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Silver Firs, Venetian Su-
mach, Aliheas. Honeysuckles, Azaleas, &c. &c. in all, of

Ornamental trees, and shrubs, 630 varieties. Of Herbace-
ous flowering Plants., 3.0 choice varieties, including the finest
kinds of Pteonies, and 100 splendid varieties of Double Dahlias

Gentlemen are invited to lorward their orders earh- in \o-
tumn, being an excellent season for transplanting. Address
lo WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton. Trees, Redelivered in
Boston free ol charge for Iransporlatlon, and suitably packed,
and from thence when ordered duly forwarded, by lanil or sea.
Or orders will receive Ihe same attention if leO'with Geo. c!
Barrett, who is agent, al his seed store and New England
Farmer Office, Nos. 51 & 52, North Market Street, Boston,
Catalogues gratis on application. Je 23

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCL.

Apples, russels,

Bkans, while,

Beef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prune,

Beeswax, (."Vmerican) ....
Butter, inspecled, N 0.1, new,

Cheese, new- milk,

skimmed milk, ....

Feathers, norihern, geese, . . .

soulhern, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed,

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir. new
Baltimore, wharf, (none) .

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow,. .
soulhern }-ellow, . .

white,

Rye, Northern, ....

Barley, .......

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . ,

FJastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (uncertain) . .

2d quality do ...

Lard, Boston, Isi sort, , . . .

Soulhern, 1st sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

'* upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole,

Baltimore, sole, . .

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass. inspec, extra clear, .

Navy, Mess, ' .

Bone, middlings, ....

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, northern, . . .
Red Clover, northern, . .
While Dutch Honeysuckle

Taleow, tried,

Wool, prime or .Saxony Fleeces, •
American, full blood,washed
do. 3-'lihs do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed. . . .
3 f Pulled superfine,
J— I 1st Lambs, . .

-^<;2d " . .

I i I 3d '■ . .

S (^ 1st Spmningj . .
Soathern pulled wool is generally
6 cts. less per lb.

FROM

TO

barrel

2 00

2 75

bushel

1 75

2 23

barrel

9 50

10 00

7 60

8 00

**■

C 00

6 23

pound

18

22

"

15

17

'^

8

9

"

H

3

*'

40

45

"

33

40

pound

y

10

bushel

1 25

137

barrel

6 b2

3 76

"

5 50

6 76

-'

i6^

ousliel

72

73

"

63

70

'<

OS

69

"

tin

70

'*

W

63

'i

38

40

Ion

20 00

21 00

•'

13 00

U 00

*'

14 00

15 00

galloji

40

50

pound

■ •

10

12

pound

8

8a

'<

7

8

'.

17

19

lb.

10

12

pound

15

17

lb.

Iti

20

pound

25

i8

"

22

24

cask

<Jb

9S

barrel

17 00
13 00

18 00

ti

:>usliel

2 37

2 50

"

75

87

pound

!J

9

"

25

31

cwt

7 00

7 50

60

05

pound

50

53

"

38

42

It

33

40

a

32

35

"

38

4i)

'<

50

33

.<

40

42

"

30

33

'

23

25

35'

40

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern . . .
.southern, . .
Pork, whole hogs, .
Poui.TRV, (uncertain)
Butter, (tub) . . .

lump.
Eggs

Potatoes,
CiDF.n, (new,

pound

9^1

6A

H

20

dozen

16

bushel

37 1

barrel

2 00 1

19

9
7

17

25

50

BRIGHTON MARKET.— aioNUAY, Sept. 22, 1B34.

Reported for the Daily Advertiser and Patriot.

At Market 820 Beef Cattle, 1210 Stores, 3200 sheep, and
1500 s\\ inc.

Prices. Beef Cattle — Beef Cattle generally were net
of so good quality as ihey were last week, but about tin- same
prices were oblaiiiefi'for equal goodness. We quote tla- .anio,
viz— prime al 4 73 a 5 ; good 4 23 a t 50 ; thin 3 a 3 75.

Vi'orking OarcH.— Sales Sib, 60, 58, 70 and 80.

Coips and Calivs. — Sales 20, 23, 27 and ^'30-

Wore.s.— Yearlings $5 a 9; two years old, 9 a 15 ; three
years old 19 a 25.

JSJieep—l.ol of ordinary at ] 42 ; middling al 1 50. 1 62,
I 7o and 2 ; belter qualilies imany of which were wethers at
2, 2 17. 2 33 and 2 73.

.'•'u-i'rif — Scales rather dull, and prices much reduced. Sct-
erallots half barrows ol 4 and 4 1-4 c. lots sold al3 1-2 for
sows and 4 1-2 for barrows ; al relail 4 1-2 a 3 for sows, and
5 1-2 a 0 for barrows.

88

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

iV.

SEPTEMBER 84, 1834.

MISCELLANY.

From the Nantucket Inquirer.
MY FIRST JACKNIPE.

I REMEMBER it well ! Its liorii liuiiilU', so smooth
and semi-tiiiiispareiit, glowing with the uniiiean
ing but magic word, ' Bunkum ;' and the blade
significantly inviting you to the test, by the two
monosyllables ' try me.' I united the character
istic recommendation on the haft and invitation
on the blade into a small couplet, vvhicli as near
as I can recollect ran thus —

' Bunkum' on the lianrlle,
' Try me' on the blade I
If by the word on the handle you were impelled
to believe that the article abounded in bumps of
self esteem, your ideas would at once be correct-
ed by the blade, which, conscious of intrinsic
merit, called iipnn yon promptly to test its sii[)e-
riority: an union of modest assurance and assmed
modesty, which I humbly recommend to all who
are their own trumpeters.

I know not how it is, but I never could take
lialf the comfort in any thing which I have since
possessed that I took in this said jacknife: I earn-
ed it inyself, and there I had a feeling of indepen-
dence ; it was bought with my own money, not
teased out of a kind imcle, or still kinder father —
money that I had silently earned on the afternoons
of those days set apart tor boys from time ininje-
morial, therein to amuse themselves and annoy
their mothers.

Yes ! with a s|iirit of persevering industry and
self-denial at which I now wonder, but of a kind
the temlency of which I do not doubt has had its
effect in the forniation of many an exalted charac-
ter, (from such trivial causes so great effects arise,)
I went every afternoon during 'berry time,' and
Jiicked the ripened fruit, with eagerness, for my
lieart was in my task.

I sold my ben-ies, and carefully reserving the
proceeds shortly accumulated enough to purchase
the treasiu'e for which I so eagerly longed. I
went to one of the village stores, and requested
the conscientious dealer in tape and molasses to
show me his jacknives ; but he — seeing I was only
a boy, thinkiiig that, like many others who had
bothered him before with the same requests, mere-
ly meant to amuse myself in looking at the nicest,
and wishing it was mine — told me not to plague
him with any nonsense while ' he was mixing
liquor for the gentlemen.'

I turned with indignation : but felt the inward
comfort of a man who lias confidence in his own
resources, and knows he has the power in bis
hands. I (piictly jingled the money in my pockets,
and went to the ojiposite store, which I believe
was a temperance establishment, for I saw no re-
ceptacles of poison, triarslialled before me cocked
and primed for the business of destruction.

1 asked for jacknives, and was shown a lot fresh
■from the city, which were temptingly laid down
before me, and left for me to select from, w hije
the trader went to another part of his store to
please an older customer. I looked over them. I
o])cn<ul them, I breathed upon the blades, shut
them again ; one was too hard to open, another
had no spring; finally , however, after examining
them with all the judgment which in my opinion
the extent of the investment rc(piired, 1 selected
one with a hob; through its handle — and after a
diss(;rlation with the owner upon jacknives in

buck-horn, I succeeded in closing a satisfactory
negoiiaiion for it.

And here let rne refer once more to my consci-
entious dealer who could not leave his dram-
rlrinking friends to serve me. He sold ids poison
to the two gentlemen, and charged it on account,
as tliey with a commendable economy thought of
interest and would not pay ready cash ; but the
profit upon all they consumed was less than half the
sum he would have gained by the sale of the jac-
knife ; so clearly do those who ' ndx liquor for
gentlemen' mistake their true interest.

I took the instrument I had ]iurchased. I felt

a sudden expansion of my boyish frame ! It was
my world ! I deposited it carefully in my pocket,
among oilier valuables, twine, pipe-stems, slate
pencils, &c. I went home, I showed it to my
mother ; I displayed it to my father ; I told them
how long I b.'iil toiled for it, and how eagerly I
hail spent time which others bad allotted to play,
to possess myself of my treasure.

My father gently chid me for not telling him of
my wants ; but boy as I was, I observed bis glis-
tening eye turn affectionately to my mother, and
then to me, and I thought his manly form seemed
to straighten up and he to look prouder — at any
rate he came to me, and patting my curly head
told me that there was no object in lif», which was
reasonably to be desired, that honesty, self-denial,
well directed industry, and perseverance, would
not place within my reach ; and if through life I
carried the spirit of independent exertion into
practice, which I had displayed in the matter of
the jacknife, I should be, that grand hobby-horse
of little boys, a Great Man.

From that moment I was a new lad ; I had dis-
covered that I could rely upon myself; I took my
jacknife, and matiy a time while cutting the wal-
nut saplings for my bow, or the straight pine for
my arrow, or carving my mimic ship, did I muse
upon those words of my father, so deeply are the
kinil expressions of a judicious parent engraven on
the heart and memory of boyhood.

My knife was my constant companion ; it was
my carpenter, my ship builder, my toy manufac-
turer, my factotum ; it was out upon all occasions,
never amiss, and always ' handy ;' and as I valued
it I never let it part from my neck, around which
I slung it, attached by a cord braided for me by
my sister. I own my selfishness : I would divide
my apples among my playmates, my whole store
of marbles was at their service, they might knock
my bats, kick my football as they chose ; — but I
bad no comnmnity of enjoyments in my jacknife.
Its possession was connected in my mind with
something so exclusive, that I could not permit
another to take it for a moment from me. I have
never, but once, felt such a sensation since. That
once was when boyhood had given place to youth-
ful manhood ; and I bail dared to jjour forth the
feelings of my heart, and open the fountains of
my airecnion, to one who has since proved worthy
of my devotion. Oh ! there is a wild and deli-
cious luxury in one's boyish anticipations and
youthful day dreams.

If however the use of my jacknife afforded me
pleasure, the abstract idea of its possession was no
less a source of enjoyment. I was for the time
being, a little prince among my fellows; a perfect
monarcli ! Let no one exclaim against aristocracy;

equal among a

on the to]), while the contrary attributes will place
others at the bottom of Fortune's ever revolving,
ever restless wheel !

The mechanic is an aristocrat if he excels in
his vocation ; the ploughman is an aristocrat if he
turns a better and a straighter furrow than his
neighbor: the poorest poet is an aristocrat if he
writes more feelingly, in a purer language and
with a more euphonic jingle than his contempora-
ries; the fisherman is an aristocrat if be wields
his harpoon with more skill and hurls it with a
deadlier energy than his messmates, or lias even
learned to fix his bait more alluringly on his barb-
ed hook. And the pedagogue is the veriest aris-
tocrat in creation ; surrounded by his subjects,
and dispensing his favors amid the muliitiule of
barefooted iwcbins, he feels an inward satisfaction,
which he will strive in vain to
community of men.

All have, and have had their foibles ; all have
some possession, ' with secret pleasure held apart,'
upon which they pride themselves ; and I was
proud of my jacknife ! — Sfiirit of Socrates, forgive
me; was there no pride in dying like a philoso-
pher? Spirit of Demosthenes, forgive me ! was
there no pride in your addresses to the boundless
and roaring ocean .' Spirit of David ! was there
no pride in the deadly hurling of the smooth peb-
ble, which sank deep into the forehead of your
enemy .' And ye countless anchorites and devo-
tees, who have prided yourselves on your humili-
ty and tortured your bodies before men, were
your austere afflictions of self, and daily penances,
tinctured with no earthly feeling .' no jiride of
heart ? no aristocracy ?

But I must take up my jacknife, and cut short
this digression. Let no man say, this or that oc-
currence ' will make no difference fifty years
hence' — a common but dangerous phrase. I am
now a man of threescore ; I can jioint my finger
here to my ships, there to my warehouses; my
name is well known in two hemispheres ; I have
drunk deeply of intellectual pleasures, have served
niy country in many important stations, luive bad
my giiins and made my losses ; have seen many
who started with fairer prospects, but witli no
compass or sheet anciior, wrecked before me ; but
I have been impelled in my operations, no matter
how extensive, by the same spirit which conceiv-
ed and executed the purchase of the Jacknife.
And, reflecting reader, youthful or aged, I liave
I'ound my account in it — and perhaps iiT after
years there will live those who will say that the
prediction of my father was fulfilled, and that
Irom small begiunings, by ' honesty, self-denial,
well-directed industry and perseverance,' Martiw
Thistle became truly a Great man.

Ai/i'iisla, Me. — Wili.aiu) Snell, Druggist.
Wmilsiovk. 17. — J. A. I'katt.
were we all liecnniarily equal to day, there vion\A\Poilliind.!\Je. — Culman, IIulden & Co. Booksellers

■' ^ . ' . - /,» lit. wr.. l\l.„.. i\ :„.

THK SEW ENUIiABID PARMER

Is iHiblishcd every Moiliicsilay Evening, al ^3 per annul)
it ilie Agricultural Warcliouse, No. 52,"Norlli Market slreelj

AGENTS.
A'. Id Ynrk — G. C. Thokeui!n,G7 Liberly-slreet.
AllniHij — \Vm. TiiijRKUKN, j-i7 Markel-stroel.
I'luliu'lelphia — 1). & C. Landketh. S5 Cliesnul-strcel.
H'lllimurf — I. I. Hitchcock, Pubiislier of American Farme]
Cinciiitiati^S. C. Parkiiurst,23 Loivcr JIarkel-slrcel.
Fliisltmg, N. Y. — Wm. J'rince & Sons, Prop. Lin. l!oi. G
.Vidilleliiiry, Vt. — WiciiT Chapman, Mercluuii.
Ilarlford — GooiilviN & Co. Booksellers.
Ni'irlwirypnrt — Euknezer .Stkuman. Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. N.—J. W. Foster. Bookseller.

general and this one in particular, upon hawk-bill be an aristocracy tomorrow; talent, ju<'giiient, H^™^^."^' ^J^J'^'^^^p' j''^J^'^'^^
• and dagger blades, and handles, iron, bone, and j skill, tact, industry, perseverance, will place some | S(. iou/s— Geo. Holton

sq. Editor ofRecurderJ

NEW EW€}1.AJ¥B FAMMER.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, KO. o2, NORTH MARKET STREET, (a,

VOL. XIII.

THK Ar.Riciii.TUKAi. VVarehoitsk.)— T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNJESp AY EVENING, OCTOBER 1, 1834

^rmMi^m,ijvn,v„ -.\i^^^-fj^f^^j^ ,„ ..^

MOUiVT AUBUISN.

At a riicetiiig of tlie ftLi.ssacliiiSflls Ilorticiiliii-
ral Society, Saliii-flay, September 20lli, 1834:

The Garden and Mount Aiiliiirii Cemetery Cmn-
mittee, hy their Ch.iirinaii, (Hon. Jiidfre Story)
Jireseiited the follnwin;,' report, vvliich Wi^S r.-.ifl,
accepted and ordered to he printed in tho.se of the
city newspa[)(M-s whose editor.s may he vvilhn^r to
insert tlie same.

RoEEiiT T. Pai.ne, Recording Secrdartj.
The Garden and Cemetery Committee of the
Ma.ssachn.^etts llorticidtural Society, he^ leave to
siibuiit the following A^NDAI, report for the con-
sideration of the Society :

Tlie Committee conijratulate the Society upon
tlie continued improvement of the Garden ami
Cemetery, and the additional favor and eneoiiraj;,'-
ineiit which the design has received from the puh-
lic. — B'fore proceedihi;, however, to any particu-
lars respectinj^ this sniiject, they feel it their duty
to make a few remark,'-, in order to correct so(ne
erroneous notions, wliicli pervade certain portions
of the coinmnniiy, relative to the nature and oli-
jects of the eslalilishinent. It is hy no means im-
connnon to find persons impressed with the he-
lief, tiiat the est.nhlishment is a private speculation,
for the private oenefit of the members of the Soci-
ety, or ol'the individuals wlio originally advanced
the money to purchase the grounds for the g.ir-
den and cemetery, and that considerable profits
have been already realized from it. This niitic"
is utterly unfounded. The Cemetery is in the
truest and noblest sense a public institution, that
is, an institution of which the whole community
may obtain the benefit upon easy and equal terms.
No imiividual has any private interest in the es-
tablishment beyond what he acquires as the pro-
prietor of a lot in the Cemetery ; ai\d every man
ui the community may become a proprietor upon
(layinj,' the usual sum fi.xeil for the purchase of a
lot. The whole grounds are held by the Horti-
cultural Society in trust, fur the purposes of a gar-
jen and ceniefery ; and no member thereof as

matin-''.! the design, to state that it was their pri-
mary object to e.xclmie all private speculation and
interests froin the nndert.iking, and hy a wise and
fixed policy to secure all the funds which should
arise from its success, to public purposes of an en-
during and permanent character. The Society

h has any pri^vale interest therein, except as a
orporator, or Rrojirietor of a lot. The whole
unds which have been already realized by the
ale of lots have been devoted to paying the price
if the original purchase, laying out the grounds,
inclosing them with a fence, erecting an entrance
■ate and poj-tal, and a cottage, and otherstrnctnres
n the accommodation of the superintendent, and
efraying the incidental expenses. The expendi-
Jres have already amounted, as appears by the
'reasurer's Report to upwards of twenty-five
lousand dollars ; and the proceeds of the sales
ave fallen short of this amount by about two
lOUsand dollars; so that as yet the expenditures
ive exceeded the income. It has always been
le understanding. of the Society, that all funds

hich should he obtained hy ihe sale of lots,
lonid, after defraying the annual expenses of the
itablishment, be applied exclusively to the preser-
ition, repair, ornament and pejinanent improve-

eiitofthe garden and cemetery, and never to

e private emolument of any of the mend)ers —
id indeed this constituted the fundamental object

those, who have become the proprietors of lots.

is due also to the gentlemen whose public spirit

a generous community would foster the design,
and by a timely liberality in the purchase of lots,
would enable the Society to make this beautiful
Retreat for the Dead at the same time the consola-
tion and just pride of the Living. The Commiifee
liave great pleasure in stating that these reasoniihle
expectations have not been disappointed, fllomit
Auburn has already become a place of general re-
sort and interest, as well to strangers as to cilizeiis ;
and its shades and paths ornamented with munn-
mental structures, of various beauty and elegance,
have already given solace and tranquilizing reflec-
tions to many an afflicted heart, and awakened a
deep moral sensibility in many a [lious bosom. The
Committee look forward with increasing confi-
dence to a steady public patronage which shall sup-
ply all the means necessary for the acconq)lislmient
of all the interesting objects of the establishment.

Relying on this patronage, the Commiliee in-
iulge the hope that the period is not far distant
when by the sale of lots the Society will be ena-
bled to enclose all the grounds with a permanent
wall, to erect a Temple of simple and classical
character, in which the service over the dead m:iy
lie performed by clergyirien of every denomination":
to add extensively to the beauty and productive-
ness of the Garden ; and above all, to lav the
loundation of an accumulating fund, the income
of which shall be perpetually devoted to the pres-
ervation, embellishment and improvement of the
grounds. This last object the Committee deem of
the highest iin|)ortance to the perpetuity of the es-
tablishment; and it cannot be contemplated with
too much care and earnestness In all the future
arrangements of the Society. In addition to these
objects the Coinmittee would suggest the proprie-
ty of making arrangements for the admission of
water from Fresh Pond into the Ponds of the
Cemetery, and after passing through them, of con-
ducting it into Charles River. Such a measure
would add to the .salubrity of the ponds, as well as
improve the general aspect of the whole scenery.
It is believed that this measure may be accom-
plished at a comparatively small expense, when-
ever the funds of the Society will admit of a suit-
able appropriation. In the mean time it seems
desirable to sei'ure by some preliminary arrange-
ments, the idtiinate success of the project.

The Committee would further state, that by the
Report of the Treasurer it afipears, that the vvhole
number of lots in the Cetvietery which have been
already .sold is 351, viz. 175 lots in 1832, 76 lots
in 1833, and 100 lots in 1834; and the aggre-
gate sum produced by these sales is $23,225
72. The whole expenditures incurred diiring the
same years amoimt to $25,211 88. The lial-
ance of cash and other available funds now in

the hands of the Treasm-er is $5403 32. The

Committee are of opinion, that reliance may safely
be placed upon the future sales of lots to defray
the expenses of the current year ; and that, there-

fore, a portion .d" the funds now on hand may be
properly aiqdicd to the reduction of the remainiDg
debts due by the Society.

The Committee would further state, that since
the month of August, 1833, there have been ninety-
three interments at Mt. Auburn ; eighteen tombs

.as sanctioned these views. Jt was helieve.I that have been built; sixteen monuments have been

erected, and sixty-eight lots have been turfed and
oiherwi.«e ornamented. It is understood that oth-
er monuments are in progress, and will be erected
in a short time.

The Committee woidd further state, that finding
the grounds at Mount Auburn were visited by un'
usual concourses of people on Sundays, and that
the injuries done to the grounds and shrnbhery
were fiir greater on these occasions than any other,
from circumstances which it is unnecessary to'
mention, they deemed it their duty, as well in rev-
erence fur the day, as in reference to the perma-
nent interests of the establishment, and a regard
to the feelings of the conmiunity, to make a retru-
latioii pi-ohiiiiting any persons except proprietors
and their fiimilies, and the persons accompanying
them, from entering the grounds on Sundays"
The effects of this regulation have been highly
beneficial. It has not only given quiet to the
neighborhood, and enabled [iroprietors and their
families to visit their lots on Sundays under cir-
cumstances of more seclusion, tranquillity, and
solemn religions feelings ; hut it has put a stop to
many of '!;.; depi'edatioiis, which thoughtless and
mischievous persons had been too apt to indulge •
m, in their recreations on that day. Several other
regulations have been made, which experience has
shown to be indisjiensable to the due security and
uses of the Cemetery. The most important of
these is the closing the gates at sunset and open-
ing them at sunrise. And it may be observed of
all these regulations, that while they allow a free
access to the grounds to all visiters "at reasonable
times, atid in a reasonable manner, they are calcu-
lated to prevent any desecration of them under
false pretexts, or by secret misconduct.

The Committee would further state, that in [uir-
suance of the vote of the Society at their last an-
nual meeting, they made application to the Legis-
lature of ihe Commonwealth at its last session for
additional proiiisions to aid the general objects of 1
the Society. The Legislature accordingly passed
.in act, entitled "An act in further addition to an
act to incorporate the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society," which is entirely satisfactory to the Com-
mittee. They therefore beg leave to recommend,
that the Society should, by a formal vote, accept
the same.

All of which is respectfully submitted,

Joseph Storv, Chairman of the Committee.

AGRICXJIiTURAI- FESTIVALS.

The Bristol County Cattle Show and Fair, will
take place this year at East Attleljorough, on
Wednesday (today). An address is expected from
Hon. J. L. Hodges. — The Plymouth County Agri-
cultural Society will hold their annual exhibition,
&e. at Bridgewater on Wednesday the 16tli of
October. A dinner will be provided on the occa-
sion at Sanford's Hotel, and in the afternoon an
Address will be delivered by Dr. A. Collamore.

90

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 1. 1S3*.

From the Smitlurn A'^rkultuii^l.
CORN SHUCKINGS.

Throughout tlie upper pan of our State, it is
very conuiion for agriculturists to gatlior their en-
tire crop of Indian corn, or all that one larg-e field
contains hefore they liusk (or as it is coninioidy
termed " shuck out") any part of it, and to have
it all huskeil in one night, night heing the time
when this work is most commonly done. To ef-
fect this, a bright moonlight night is selected, and
the neighhoring inhabitants, whites or blacks,
sometimes both, are invited to give their assist-
ance, and a substantial supjier with a sufficiency
ofwliiskey is prepared for the occasion. These
" corn shuckings" are complete frolics. Two
captains are chosen, who divide the company into
two equjil parties, when the pile of corn being as
equally divided as possible by laying a fence rail
or pole across the centre of the pile, one of which
divisions is assigned to each party, the husking
commences, each party trying to beat the other in
husking out of their division of the corn pile.
The rustic songs, which, by one party or the other
are constantly sung during this race, one person
taking the lead in the song, but the end of every
line, all joining in a chorus ; the antic gestures
and' encouraging exhortations of the respective
captains, or some one of each company peculiarly
gifted to act such a part, who mounts the pile of
corn which they are husking; the earnest exer-
tions of the company generally and of individuals
in particular, who seem to husk as though the
fate of the world hung upon the issue ; the ob-
streperous but good natured jok.-s and brags play-
ed ofi" by the winning party upon that which loses
the race", all heightened by the exhilarating effects
of the bottle occasionally passed ronml, produces
a most inspiriting and animating effect even upon
the looker-on, and coidd not but move the most
phlegmatic. The corn being nearly husked out
the owner must conceal himself, for at the conclu-
sion, if he is found (and diligent search is made
for him) at any moment previous to all hands be-
ing called to supper, the negroes will certainly
exert the right which custom has given theni of
hoisting him on their shoulders, and moving in a
body three times round the dwelling house, mak-
ing the. air ring with one of their "corn songs,"
as they are called, and then by one of those "ac-
cidents done on purpose," drop him rather imcfer-
emonionsly from their shonUlers. Resistance is
useless, nor will even a man's bed protect him il
^ he is immarried.

■ It is no wonder that these " corn shuckings"

are popular amongst the laboring class, ami fre-
quent, but agriculturists are not, perhaps, aware
of the loss occasioned by them, v\'hich it is the oh- i
ject of this conununicalion to point out. I have
but seldom indulged my negroes with them, under
the conviction that instead of a saving of time and
lal)or, it is in fact a loss of both and also of corn,
independent of the expense of the supper; but 1,
this antunui, proinised to grant them one, resolved
to note well the result. Having done so, I caused
the pile of husks to he (examined the next day as
they were put away, wlnui I collected thereout
better than two wagon loads of unhusked corn,
which hail either by accident or design, i)robahly
both, got mixed with the husks. There was also
about two wagon loads of unhusked corn under tin-
pile of hnskeil corn. The j)icking out of this un-
husked corn, husking it, carrying the corn into
the crib and housing my husks occupied all my

hands three entire days. This occasioned to me 1
a loss of two days labor, for had I pursued my j
usual plan of gathering and husking my corn wnh
my own hands alone, I would by a calculation |
which could not deceive me, have done it in less
time by that number of days ; and the quantity of
shattered corn left on the ground was so great,
that my stock of hogs were several days in con-
smning it. I should also mention that one of our
planters intending to remove to one of the new-
States, had a " corn shucking" this year, and sold
his pile of husks as they stood on the ground to
one of his neighbors. In removing these husks,
the purchaser was induced from appearances to
examine them, when he collected and husked out
thirty-tive bushels of clean corn, which was sold
to him among the husks, and which corn was
therefore an absolute gain to him and loss to the
other. I have now only to state what course 1
|>iMsue in gathering my corn crop.

When I commence, 1 give my negroes the fol-
lowing task : A half wagon load of corn to each
full hand per day, to be broke down, hauled to
the crih, husked out, cribbed, and the husks car-
ried away and housed. To do this, occupies them
until 10 o'clock at night ; hut as this night work
happens but at a particular season in the year, and
does not last long, and is a work usually done at
night, the negroes do it without a murmur. The
coni thus husked, is thrown at once into the crib,
(instead of being thrown on the ground in a pile
and carried into the crib the next day as is done
at these "corn shuckings") and the next morning
the husks are removed ami put into covered rail
pens. On the first day, therefore, of gathering
the corn no husks are put away, but on every suc-
ceeding day the husks of the preTious day's gath-
ering are put away as a part of that day's task. If,
however, the corn field is at a considerable dis-
tance from the crib, so as from that or any other
circumstance to occasion the consumption of much
time in wagoning the corn home, this task would
he too heavy.

Respectfully, Thomas Parker.

German system of selling wool at fairs, will be
adopted in our own wool-growing districts. While
wool, as at present, is sold at the iarmer's doors
to manuRu-turers and manufacturer's agents, a wide
lield is spread for speculation and occasionally for
fraud. The farmer on liis remote homestead,
can-not possibly have so early or accurate inforniii-
tion as the nnnmfacturer, of the changes in the
markets. It is impossible ibr him, at a distance,
alwavs to tell with precision what is the fair mar-
ket price, or whether it is best to sell or hold on,.
These' evils were equally fell abroad, until a rem-
edy was devised. The Leipsic fair, which is the
principal one, concentrates all the wool of a dis-
trict of three or four hundred miles in diameter,
and is attended by purchasers, not oidy fron) »ll
the European States, but occasionally from this
coimtry. The advantage of combination is here
enjoyed by the seller as well as the buyer, and
every individual can ascertain in a short space
and with the greatest certainty, the highest market
value for his wool. The com|ielition on either
side is so open and. direct that there is very little
opportunity fur fraud or mistake.

The small growers would be more benefitted by
the establishment of wool fairs than the large ones.
In Vermont there are individuals who sold their
wool last year for between three or four thousand
dollars each ; and there is a single township (that
of Orwell in Rutland county,) in which seventy
thousand sheep are assessed, and probably a con-
siderably greater number are owned. Wool-
growers on such a scale as this, can afford the
n-ouble of watching the markets, and the expense
of obtaining infornration ; they can even control to
a certain extent the njarkeis of their vicinity.
The owners of small flocks have none of these ad-
vantages, and the average price which they obtain
is considerably less than that obtained by the large
growers. — Sprinefield Mass. Mercury.

wool. EXPORTATION.

It is the opinion of inlclligeut persons who
have the means of judging, that within fifteen
years from this time, American wool wdl he as
important an article of export as American cotton
is now. This opinion is justified by the unprece-
dented increase of the production for the last ten
years; an increase which for the last two or three
years has been calculated to be at the rate of
twenty per cent, per annum. The amount of
wool raised in -the United States last year and
brought into market, (without reference to that
consumed at home) was estimated at sixty millions
of pomids. This year it is i.rohahly seventy-five
millions ; next year it will be ninety. Now to see
how this amount of production compares with
that of England. England, we believe, produces
cue hunilred and sixty million pounds per annum,
and she cannot be exi)ected to produce much
more, as all her grazing lands are now taken up.
She imports on the average twenty millions from
Germany, and ten from Spain. Tin; United States
then, at their present rate of increase, will soon
lake the lead in amount, and very probably in
quality of production, and with so vast a territory
adapted for sheep-grazing, will bccoino the great
wool market of the world.
1 Many years will not pass, probably, before the

BROOM CORN.

Mr. Shipman, of Hadley, we' suspect is the
"leatest Urooin Mannl'acturer in New England.
lie will make not less than two hundred thousand
this year. Broom corn is the staple cominodily
of this rich and thriving village, even to a greater
extent, we suspect, than its neighbor just over
the Connecticut, the goodly town of Hatfield.
The meadows belonging to these two villages,
present a rich and beautiful landscape just at this
time. The crops are principally removed with
the exception of the broom corn, and the immense
lields of this rich commodity, with its extended
surface of tassel and brush, are altogether pretty,
lo behold. Broom corn grows to the height of
ci.'ht and ten feet, the stalk slender and tiiu leaves-
hut few. At the top comes out the brush, like an|
Inverted broom, furnishing a rich and nnique-
si.iht, where extended fields of half a mile in ex-
tent are found, to an eye unused to such a spec-
tacle. The |)rice is in advance of last year, and a
fine crop is anticiiiated. — A'orlhampto7i Courier.

From the SottlheiTi Planter.
TOMATOES PRESERVE.

The tomato is favorably mentioned in your lasti
number: it is a valuable vegetable. But I do not
recollect, that in the variety of uses to which ii
has been applied, your paper assigns it any place |
among the dift'erent species of preserves. As w\
are deprived this season of that pride of the frut
of Georgia, the peach, it may be of service ti

vol.. XIII. NO. 13,

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

91

lioiJsekct'|)crs to know tliut the loiiiiito foniiS a
most a(liiiir,il)le siil)stilute for the peaeli as a pie-
serve. The flavor is ahnost precisely llie same —
it looks as well, nntl is altogether an excellent arti-
cle for the tea lalile.

Directions. — Take good ripe tomatoes, |)eel ihenj
and preserve them with good lirown or Iflaf sngar.
If not peeled they luirst, and do not retain the
consistency so much desired l)y housekeepers,
though they are very good without peeling. I
give you this, at this time, that the iiulustrions of
the fair hands about your flourisliing town may
profit hy it, heforo Jack Frost shall cut off their
lu)j)es from this new som-ce of table ornament and
luxury. — Sniilltern Planter.

tlUEBEC AGRICULTURAIi REPORT, FOR AU-
GUST 1834.

The usual Reports for .Tune and .July have lieen
omitted. The season continued cold and wet till
the last week in June, and although the seed time
had been early, all crops were then more backward
thnn usual. In the first week in July the warm
weather set in, and continneil hot and dry with
very little intermission, till the midille of August.
The thermometer ro.se, on two difterent days, to
between 90 deg. and 100 deg. in the shade ; and
the drought nearly dried np the streams, wells,
and springs.

The heat, with the great moisture vvhicli was in
the ground when it first set in, brought forth all
sorts of crops with extraordinary rapidity ; and
after they covered the ground, a few slight rains
and thunder-showers and heavy dews, kept them
in vigor.

There never was a better haying season than
the last ; the quantity is a full average, and of
good quality.

Potatoes and tm'nips have suffered most by the
drought, and will be but a short crop, excepting
on new lands. Peas have also suffered on the
dry lands, where they are usually sown. Oats
are generally good.

The wheat harvest began early in August, and
the weather has been favorable forgetting it hous-
ed in good order. Tlie crop, most of which is
now cut, is a fiir average, although it has suffered
on light lands, and in some places severely, by the
small brick-colored worms in the grain, the rava-
ges of which were first extensively noticed in 1832.
The germ of these worms seem to be deposited in
the ear about the time the wheat is in blossom, or
soon after. Wheat on high lands lias suffered the
least, but the injury to several grains in many ears
is very general, and in some nothing remains but
the cliaff.

The pastures, and consequently the produce of
the dairy, were unfavorably affected by the drought,
but the live stock remain in good condition.

The gardens have suffered from the same cause.
The orchards were well stocked with fiuit; but a
great part of the apples have fallen oft', probably
for want of moisture, and are much injured by
worms.

The return of the cholera to Quebec with the
setting in of warm weather in July, and its spread
throughout the country, have diminished trade and
intercourse, and every sort of enterprise and in-
dustry, and consequently unfavorably affected the
markets. Although much less was brought for
sale than usual, the scarcity of money has kept the
prices lower than common, and leaves but un-
promising prospects. It behoves us to humble

ourselves upon the severe visitation which has upw
lallen on almost every country throughout the
world ; to comfort and aid each other in our afflic
tions and necessities; and leading quiet and order
ly lives, carefully to search out and adojit means
of diminishing the evil in future.
Quebec, 30th August, 1834.

CUTTIIXG CORN STALKS.

Though agricultme is coeval with the first
formation of society, and has been considered
as of the first importance to mankind in almost
all ages, yet even at this advanced period, the
agriculturist remains in many things without any
fixed ijrincipl'es to guide him. Those principles
that never fail, that unifi)rmly lead to the same
issue, are few. How numerous and diversified are
the 0[)inions of men on most agricultural subjects!
.Some intelligent fiu'mcrs have satisfied themselves,
from their own experience, that corn-stalks ought
not to be cut, but remain on the corn mull harvest,
as a means of heavier and more corn. Now conies
a writer in the Portsniouih Journal, and maintains
that if a man leaves his corn nntopped, he loses in
fodder, loses in the weight of his corn, and increas-
es his labor. He says he has sometimes ptu'sued
this mode, but always repented it before harvesting.
His theory is, that as it is contrary to nature for sap
to flow down to\vards the roots, the ear cannot de-
rive the least benefit from the top in its full grown
state, but on the contrary, the constant evaporation
from the top injures the ear, and makes it shrink.
Here we have not only theory against theory, but
one man's experience leading to a different residt
from another man's experience. It may be proper
to remark, however, that the Northampton writer,
who is ill favor of leaving corn nntopped, has been
a much more careful experimenter than the Ports-
mouth writer. The latter has apparently never
weighed any corn, but has judged of quality and
quantity by his eye. He may be a man of sound
judgment, and may have guessed right, but it is
only guessing; it amounts to nothing but opinion.
Is not his theory erroneous? Is not nourishment
derived to the ear from that portion of the stalk
above it ? — Hampshire Gazette.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Horticultural Hall, Sept. 27.

By Hon. John Lowell, Roxbury — Washington
Pears, a superior frnir, and the first ripe specimen
ever exhiliited at the Society's shows ; also, Beurre
Knox Pears.

By Mr. E. Vose, Dorchester — Morris' Luscious
While Peach, very fine specimens of this variety
have been exhibited by Mr. V. for several years in
succession.

By Mr. R. Manning, Salem — Washington and
Bezi Montigny Pears, both exceedingly fine; also,
the Raymond Pear ; Royal George Clingstone
Peaches ; Yellow, Ingestrie, Rambour Franc and
Api noir Apples ; Italian Prune and Late Green
Gage Plums.

By Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, Boston — Pears.

By Mr. S. Downer, Dorchester — Bezi Vael, un-
ripe, but of fair promise ; Beurre Knox ; Rush-
more's Bon Chretien, for baking; Beurre Diel, not
at maturity ; Lowell, not in eating ; Heathcot ;
Fulton and Andrews Pears, the two latter were
fine specimens.

By Col. M. P. Wilder, Dorchester — Pears, name
unknown.

By Mr. C. Newhall, Dorchester — Rousselet In-
connu Pears, from a French tree.

By Mr. T. Lee, Brookline — a very fine native
peach, siqiposed to be the Sargeaut Peach ; Lemon
Clingstone, and several fine specimens of other va-
rieties.

By Mr. H. J. Oliver, from the orchard of Rev.
Mr. Blood of Bucksport, (Me.)— handsome Haw-
thorndean Apples.

By B. W. Crovvninshield, Esq. from his farm in
Topsfield — Rousselet de Rheims Pears.

By Messrs. Winships, Brighton Nurseries — an
uncommonly large Peach, measuring 10 1-2 inches
in circumference, of a green color, not in eating;
also, a specimen of one of Mr. Knight's new pears,
not at maturity, name unknown.

By Mr. Benj. Gigger, Waltham — very hand-
some Peaches, not named.

By Mr. Marsh, Quincy — Pears.

By Mr. Aaron Mitchell, Nantucket — a very fine
and large Muskmelon.

By E. M. Richards, Dedhani — a large specimen
of the Jaques Peach.

The exhibition of Fruits was more choice and
select than at any previous one this season at the
Hall of the Society.

E. M. Richards, in behalf of Committee.

EXKIBITION OF FLOWERS.

T. Mason, Charlestown Vineyard — fine Double
Dahlias, two splendid bouquets, and a variety of
other flowers.

S. Walker, Roxbury — Dahlias, Earl Gray,
Nympliflora, Matilda, Mountain of snow, Galatea,
Mary Louisa, Jefferson, Globe flowered, Romulus
flowererl, Imperiosa, Royal Lilac, Dennisii, Count-
ess of Liverpool, King of Whites, Le Brilliant,
Violas, Walker's Seedling, new and elegant do.,
perfection do., Roxbury Lass, with a variety of oth-
er flowers.

E. Putnam, Salem — Countess of Liverpool,
Cormack's Coccinea, Theodore, Excellent, Grani-
chester Nonpareil, Wells' Royal Lilac, Amanda,
Amelia, Plant's Purpurea perfecta,Dennissii, Coun-
tess Plater, Earl of Sandwich, Algernon Sydney,
Anne Boleyn, Lutea purpurea, French White,
Wells' Calypso, Aiirantia Pallida, Beauty of Sa-
lem, Purpurea elegans. Princess of Naples, Picta,
Queen of Spain, Beauty of Surry, Belladonna,
Tiucta, Beauty perfect, Pulen, Lady Fitzharris,
Romulus, Bjirret's King, Black Prince, Bonny Dee,
Barret's Susanna, Feathered Light Crimson, Crim-
son Globe, Profuse Lake, Red Globe, Cree's Pur-
purea variegata. Large Crimson Anemone, Agrip-
pina, Queen of Yellows, Sulphurea alata. Mars
Scarlet Anemone, Picotee, Widnell's Perfection,
Russell's Maculata, Reform, Cabot's Seedling,
Kentish Hero, Guttata major. Beauty of the Vale,
Miss Hester — 53 varieties Dahlias.

William Carter, Botanical Gardens — a large
variety of Dahlias.

Marshall P. Wilder — variety of fine Dahlias.

Winships — variety of Dahlias and other flowers.

The show of flowers this day excelled any ex-
hibition heretofore at the Society's rooms, particu-
larly in regard to Dahlias ; should the frost spare us
the ensuing week it is expected the Dahlias will
appear in great perfection, and the Committee
fondly cherish the hope that every gentleman will
strive to make a grand display, and it is particu-
larly requested the gentlemen of the Committee
may all be present.

For the Committee, Jona. WiNsirtp, Chairman.

92

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 1, IHRi.

From l.oiulniis Gardencr^s liliiouzifie.
ON THE COIMNG SYSTEM OP CULTIVATING
THE VINE IN POTS.

BY JOHN MEARNS, F. H. S.

As I have cojiiiiniiiiuated an account of my
Coiling system of cnltivatinj; tiie vine in |)()ts to
several persons, anil have also given a statement
of my ex|iei-inients to the London Ilnrticniimal
Society, 1 feel it to he a duty also lo lay my [jrac-
tice before you.

This coiling system is certainly a completely
new feature, and, I think, a veiy vahijhie one, in
the art of grape-growing. Is it not n matter of
great importance that, in consequence of my dis-
covery, a gardener, who may go to a situation, in
the autumn, where no grapes have previously
heen growing, may he enabled to produce there
easily, for the ensuing season, from 500 to 1000
bunches of fine grapes ? Ail tliat are warning to
enal)lc any gardener, so circumstanced, to <lo ihis,
are the prunings of the vines from any garden,
that would otherwise he thrown away, and, oi'
course, a convenient frame, pit, or house, for
growing them in. If abundance of shoots can he
procured, and there is a sufficient extent of frames,
&c. either temporary or permanent, two, three, or
five thousanil bunches may thus be produced in ii
a garden where grapes were never seen before.

The coiling system is nothing more than taking
a long shoot or cutting from the vine, cutting out
all the buds except a few at the upper end, and
then beginning at the lower end, and coiling the
shoot round and I'oimd, say from three to six or
eight times, the inside of a pot of 12 or 14 iii. or
mure in dianjetcr. The slioot iriay be of any
length, from 6 ft. to 30 ft., and it may he entirely
of last year's wood : or the greater part of it may
he of old wood, provided 3 or 4 ft. at the upper
end be of new wood ; because, as every gardener
kuows, the buds from young wood are more cer-
tain than those from old wood of producing blos-
soms the first year. The vine being coiled round
in the pot, anil plenty of drainage being put in the
bottom, take care that the end of the shoot left
out of the pot, on which the fruit is to grow, be
not injured at the point where it separates from
tlie coil. This shoot may he '2 or 3 ft. long; and,
to k.'>;!p it steady, it may be tied to a stake, or
coiled roimd two or three stakes. Afler this, fill
up the pot with a rich loamy soil, pressing it
against the coil, as if you were making firm the
end of a cutting. Unless this is done in such
manner as to bring every part of the coil in close
contact with the soil, it will not root so read-
ily as it otherwise would do. The next oper-
ation is, to wra]) up all that part of the stem which
is above the pot with moss, and this njoss must be
kept constantly moist till the grapes are lijrmcd.
The pot shoidd now he plunged in botloju heal,
either in a pit or forcing-house ; hut, wherever it
is plunged, care must be taken to regulate the
temperature of the atU)osphere of the house, in
such a manner as to prevent the top of the vine
from being excited before the roots. If this should
happen, the young shoots produced will soon
wither for want of nourishment. Ahundaiu'e of
air, therefore, should bo given for several weeks,
so ai never to allow the temperature of the atmos-
phere of the hmise, frame, or pit, to exceed 43
deg. or 50 (leg. while the temperature of the m(5-
dluui in which the pots are plunged may be as
high as G5 deg. or 70 deg. When, by exandna-
tion, you tind»that fibres are protruded from the

coij, the temperature of the atmosphere may tliet
be gradiuilly raised, when the buds will break, and
the shoots will grow apace.

The shoots proceeding from that (lart of the
stem above the pot should be led up to within 8
or 10 in. of the glass, and there trained, at that
distance from it, towards the back of the pit or
liDUSP. It is needless to state to the practical gar-
dener, thi.t each shoot will require to be shortened,
freed frotn laterals, &c. Each vine will produce
from three to twenty or more bunches, aecordin
to the length of coil and variety of gra|)e. I have
now (Jan. 17,1834) upwards of 200 coiled branch
es in pols, and nearly fifty of them in action ;
some with twenty hunches of fine grajies on them

I was asked the other day, whether vines so
treated would not require frequent shirtings into
larger pots ; or, at least, to be shifted once a year.
To this I answered, that while we had a plentifid
supplyof i)runiugs from our own vines, or could
procure them from those of our friends, the best
mode would be to treat the plants, after they had
borne one crop, as we do the roots of as|)aragus
and other plants that we force ; that is, to tliiow
them away. If, however, you should wish to
keep the coiled plants A second year, and the pots
should he found to he too full of roots, turn out
ihe ball, shake the soil from the coil, and cut
away all the roots close to the shoot ; then re-pot
it as before. If this he done in winter, the plant
will produce an excellent crop the following sea-
sun ; probably a better one than if the roots vvere
allowed to remain, an<l the hall shifted into a larger
pot or box. The pot or box is in either case soon
filled with young vigorous fibres, like a hatch of
young maggots, each eager for food, and conse-
quently sending it up in abundance to supply the
crop above. Can there be n doubt hut that this is
a far sni)erior mode to keeping pots, or even fruit-
tree borders, filled up with old inert roots?

Before my bunches are clearly developed, I
have thousands of eager mouths or spongioles, ex-

tendi

along the coiled shoot, and each

gapmc

fiir food ; some of these rootlets are 3 ft. long,
and, before the vines are put out of blossom,
many of them are 6 ft. in length, and matted
round ami round the pot. You will easily under-
stand, from this, how important it is to supply
vines so treated with liquid manure, either by wa-
tering from above, or by a supply from a saucer
or feeder from below.

I am. Sir, yours, &c. John Mearns.

rVelbeck Gardens, Jan. 17, 1834.

Since we received the above account from Mr.
Mearns, we have heard the article on the same
subject to which he alludes, read before a meet-
ing of the Horticultural Society. In this paper
the names of a nund)er of varieties are mentioned,
which had been thus fruited ; iiu-luditig the mus-
cadines, black clusters, black liamburgh, black
Damascus, black Tripoli^ muscat of Alexandria,
^V.c. Mr. Mearns also mentions that, hearing of a
new and fine variety of muscat called the Caudia,
which had been a few years ago introduced into
the Duke of IJucclcugh's gardens, at Dalkeith, he
wrote last uutunm to Mr. Macdonald the gardener
there, for some of the prunings of this vine, and
that he had, at the time the paper was written
(Feb. 1834) plants of the Candia at Welbeck, from
coils of the prunings received, with immerous
hunches of fruit on them, which would ripen in
yVpril and May next.

We regard this discovery of Mr. Mearns as one
of considerable importance, not only as showing
what may be done in the jiarticuiar case of the
vine, hut as tending to familiaiize practical gar-
deners wiih some points in vegetable physiology.
It is clear that the coiled shoot is a reservoir of
nutriment to the young growth; in the same man-
ner as the tuber of a potato is an aci-nmulation of
nutriment for Ihe young shoots which proceed
from its bud or eyes when planted. To a certain
extent, long shoots of any tree whatever, if buried
in the soil, either coiled or extended, and two or
three inches, or feet of their upper extreniities
ke|it out of the ground, would produce leaves,
blossoms and even fruit the first year; but those
shoots, which, from iheir nature <lo not freely
emit fibres, or do not emit them at all, would per-
haps not set iheir fmit ; or might even ceat-e to
produce leaves in the course of a few months.
The reason in that case would be, that the reser-
voir of nourishment soon becomes exhausted, if
it is not su|>plied from the soil, and that the only
mode by which the shoot can obtain nourishment
from the soil is, by means of fibres, which it has
either no power of producing at all, or cannot
produce in suflicient abimdance. The advantages
of the coiling system iire, that an almost unlimi-
ted nmnber of fibres or mouths tire produced by it
in a very lindted portion of soil, and that this soil
can be rendered of the most suitable description
forthegi\en plant, supplied abundantly with li-
quid manure, and renewed almost at ])leasure.
The use of cutting ofi' all these fibres or mouths
when they get too long, is merely to keep them
within a limited space, ibr when a fibre elongates,
unless it has at the same time, room to bianch
out so as to produce other fibres, it can take in no
more nourishment than when it is short, say an
inch long ; because the nonrishment is only taken
in by the spbngiole, or point of the fibre. The
whole art of rapid cultivation, both in ligneous
and herbaceous vegetables, proceeds on this prin-
ciple. The Lancashire gooseberry grower litis re-
course to it, wlien he shortens the root of his
plants at a certain distance from the stem every
two or three years ; thus causing them to emit
fibres, for which he prepares a circuhir trench of
rich soil round each tree. Mr. Mearns' mode of
treating the peaidi and other ii'uit trees, described
in the succeeding ))aper, and the mode of cultiva-
ting ctihliages and other ]ilants of tlitit kind, by
pricking out from the seed bed, and transplanting,
and re-transplunting into rich soil, instead of sow-
ing where the pliuils are finally to remain, all pro-
ceed on the |>riuciple of multiplying the mouths,
and incretising the supply of rich food within a
limited space. The result of this is, both in lig-
neous and herbaceous jdants, that maturity is ob-
tained with less magnitude than in a natural state,
and in a much shorter time. The essential prin-
ciple is the abundant supply of rich nutriment, and
the same princijile produces exactly the same re-
sults in the animal kingdom. Hence the small-
sized early-fatting varieties of cattle, sheep, swine,
&c.

Whyre a idtmt or tinimal is grown or reared
chiclly to be consumed as ibod, the a|iplication of
this principle seems desirable and advantageous;
but where the natural diaracter and beauty of the
plant or animal are desiderata, a more natural
mode of treatment, or one more resembling that
which is generally followed, is requisite for attain-
ing the end in view.

vol.. XIII. NO. 13.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

93

All intricate operations of culture, sucii as those
fif the coiling system, the chambering of the roots
of trees, taking up nnil replanting, particular inotles
of training, ringing, &c. it should never he forgot-
ten either hy ganleners or their employers, are
only calculated for places where ahundance of
ilieii are kept, and where also there is considera-
lile skill in at least one or two of these men.
When these and sijnilar operations are attempted
in places where there are scarcely hands enough
to keep a garden in order hy the common practices,
"ailiire is certain to attenil either the new practice
3r tlic old ones, anrl jirohalily both. — Cotid.

From the Northampton Courier-
CHINESB MULBERRY.

The Sncretary of the H. F. and H. AgPicnltnral
Society, in Apiil last, received from Canton, Chi-
la, some Chinese Mulberry seeds. Moms ^Mutli-
■aulis, through the agency of gentlemen residing
here and having the privilege of penetrating the
nterior. The Secretary forwarded by letter a few
if these seeds to several friends down East, from
me of whom an acknowledgement has been made,
,n extract of which follows : The Chinese Mul-
lerry seed you sent by letter the last of May liave
irodnced 43 fine plants of Morus Multicaulis,
vhich are valued very highly. The tall.est is now
August 23d) over two feet in height. This year
lave two kinds of worms, one the common, the
ther on account of yielding the greatest weight
f cocoons, are considered the best and most valn-
hle kind among us — (Comity of Essex.) Both
inds fed alike and from leaves of the same white
lulberry trees. The largest cocoons of each kind
^ere selected and weighed — of the most valuable
ind,took 18 to weigh an ounce, and of the com-
lon kind took 33 to weigh an ounce. Then took
fall sizes without selecting and taken ])roniiscu-
usly, six ounces of each kind. Of the best kind
)ok 183 to weigh six oimces, and of the common
ind took 258 to weigh six ounces, being equal to
SB of the best kind to the pound, and 688 of the
ommoii kind to the pound.

The letter does not state how often, how atten-
veljj or how long fed, but shows the result in feed-
ig difterent kinds of worms. Tliat the best at-
nition was nol given to tlie feeding seems proba-
le, from an examination of the Essex Agricultu-
il report of 1833, where in one case 208 cocoons,
le moth not stifled, being selected from 20,000,
eighed one pound, being about 13 to the ounce
-but on an average took 330 to the pound and
•ere in feeding 32 to 40 days. The Committee
1 Essex say : There is no mystery in the culture of
Ik. The whole process from reaiing the mulberry
«e to the production of silk, is simple and easy, and
ir farmers by turning their care and atlin'tion to
is business, would obtain a much more prof table
\ward than in the usual course of f eld hushan-

'y-

The following experiment has been made in the
ounty of Hampshire. Two families have fed the
me kind of worms upon leaves of the same trees,
ifhite mulberry) but there was a very difierent
suit — while in one family the worms produced
icoons of less weight, the other by superior at-
ntion, produced cocoons of a large size and
eight. The parcel of worms liaving superior at-
ntion, were 28 days in feeding and winding, an<l
oduced cocoons 230 of which weighed one
•und, the moth not being stifled. But the other

parcel of worms in the other family, supposed to
have less attention, were 35 days in feeding, und
required 583 to weigh one pound.

From the foregoing two important facts are de-
veloped, to wit, 1st. That there is a great differ-
ence in the quality of wortns although fed alike.
2d. That the same kind of worms, liaving the
same A'/urf of food, but superior attention paid to
heding, cleaning, &c. have produced more than
double, yes more than 150 jier cent, in favor of
superior attention to the worms. The usual mode
of feeding worms is, to keep them on shelves or
tables ; to clean tliein from the offal it becomes
necessary to remove the worms to another place
upon nmlberry leaves. But a better mode has
been adopted by the family mentioned in the sec-
ond fact. In this family the worms are placed on
netting,- and there fed without the necessity of a
renjoval. The oftal falling upon a jiaper screen
beneath and easily removed without molesting the
worms, and when ready to rise for winding, ele-
vate themselves upon and behind another netting
near the wall, but connected with the netting
whereon they were fed — aflxirding a pleasant sight
being distriliuted upon the meshes — Ihe whole
paraphernalia of bushes are rendered unnecessary,
the cocoons more easily separated, and less waste
of silk. s.

ON GRASSES.

Orchard or Cocksfoot, Titnothy and Red-Top, or
Herds-grass — their comparative values for Pas-
turage and Hay.

EV JOHN HARE POWEX, ESQ.

In presenting Mr. Jones' communication, it is
not necessary that I should advert to bis accuracy
and reputation as a farmer, with wiiich you are
sufficiently acquainted, to receive his opinions and
statements, with implicit reliance upon their valid-
ity and force. He is the most successful cultivator
of orchard grass, with whose practice I have be-
come acquainted in any part of the United States.

As lie has detailed his mode of securing the
seeds, I may be allowed to state, that I have for
several years induced him to send large quantities
of them to my agricultural friends, whose experi-
ence, in confirmation of ray impressions, that
when properly treated they seldom fail, establisljes
the coiiectness of his management in collecting
them.

I have before brought to your notice the extra-
ordinary product of cocksfoot or orchard grass as
pasturage upon strong soils — its early ap|iearance
in the spring — its vigorous and rapid growth
throughout the summer and autumn, atiurding
even in December, the most succulent and nutri-
tive herbage I have in this climate seen.

Of timothy as pasturage, I have had during
twenty years, opinions similar to those conveyed
by Mr. Jones.

On highly manured, or deep alluvial soils, it
produces greater crops of hay, than any grass I
have grown, except red clover. Mr. Welles, of
Boston, a few years since obtained four tons of
timothy hay per acre, from a large field. His
well known precision, independent of the ani|)le
proofs he adduced, sufficiently establishes the
fact. When allowed to become mature, I think it
causes as much exhaustion as a crop of spring
barley or oats. And so far from land becoming
better whilst exposed to the effects of the scythe
und the rays of the sun in a regular course, where-

in timothy is introduced as the meliorating crop,
I am led to believe that it is made worse. If tim-
othy be depastured after the first crop has been
taken, I apprehend that as its after growth is ex-
tremely feeble in this climate, the sun must have
great effect upon the soil, throughout the hottest
season of the year.

Red-top or herds-grass has recently been brought
more into notice, and it will, I have no doubt, be
extensively cidtivated when it shall he better
known. We see it generally upon the ill reclaim-
ed marsh lands of an adjacent State, where per-
haps its extraordinary hardiness and large product
even under the most slcjveidy management, may
have retarded to a certain extent, the improvement
of the district in which it is principally grown. It
will flourish where no other grass which we cul-
tivate can live. Its apparent qualities, and the
quantity of nutritive matter, are no doubt very
much influenced by the state of the land upon
which it is produced ; hence when offered in the
niarket in compeiition with the produce of the
most highly cultivated upland — it is condemned.
The seeds of this grass, as those of cocks-foot, are
rarely brought to the shops in a sound state — they
as the former, are surrounded hy chafi', which, if
closely examined will be found frequently to en-
velope shrivelled kernels, and to be infested with
some of the most noxious weeds with which a far-
mer can contend.

Upon a small piece of land which bad been oc-
cu|iied by Swedish turnips, and had been carefully
tilled for many seasons in succession, two bushels
of llerds-grass seed per acre, in addition to the
usual quantity of clover and timothy seed, were
sown Willi Persian Barley in the spring of 1820.
A much larger piece was sown at the same time
with timothy alone. The timothy soon disappear-
ed fVom both — the clover of course long since
went out — the herds-grass has formed a tough and
valuable sward.

Upon arable farms it is sometimes troublesome,
as it is as tenacious of life as blue grass. Its pro-
duct is not generally heavy upon such lands, and I
should not therefore cultivate it with a regular
course of white crops, although upon a grazing
farm, oi; upon some large .southern domains,
where it would bo well that the landholders
shouM forget half their possessions, it might be
expedient to cultivate largely, and obviate the ne-
cessity of indulging the fatting bullocks with a
regular ramble for the solace of their stomachs,
throughout some hundred acres of growing Indian
corn. The herds-grass has the great merit of
being able to take care of itself.

I have the honor to be, &c.

John Hare Powel.
To the President of the Pennsylvania Jgricultwjil
Society.

ITEMS.

Crops at the South. Intelligence from the South
represents the appearance of the cotton crops as
unfavorable. In consequence of the backwardness
of the season, the long drought, the late lieavy
rains, and the caterpillars, it is found that there
will be a serious deficiency in this important arti-
cle of commerce.

Compensation for Losses. A French author says,
" When I lost my wife, every family in the town
offered me another ; but when I lost my horse, no
one offered to make hiiu good." — Southern pa.

94

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 1, 1S34.

NEW ENGt,ANI> PARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCT. 1, 1834.

Those of our Subscribers who are at a distance and
are indebted five to ten years will oblige*us by remitting
the amount due by mail. Would all those be prompt in
payment we will make some important improvements
in the Farmer.

ARTICLES AFLO.'.T.

The last number of tlie lialtimorc Farmer cont.iins !he
following notice :

Strayed or Stolen — Several of our parngraphs and
even "pretty considerable" articles. They have fre-
quently been seen in the premises of our editorial breth-
ren, but without our mark. Whether they break into
tliose premises or are inveigled or filched we know pot,
but one thing we have already observed with some
emotion, that some of thi se are travelling about with
/ote marks attached to them. We respectfully request
that they may be branded with the words " Farmer and
Gardener" and then we care not whither they travel.
.The last one we noticed thus disguised was one lu .nded
" Geology." It was last seen in the New England Far-
mer, branded " Acw York Courier and Enquirer."

We beg leave to assure our brother editor of the Far-
mer and Gardener that if we had been in possession of
the shadow of a surmise, the ninety-ninth part of a yan-
kee guess, that the article in question was from his pen,
we should have designated it as his property. We would
as soon clip or counterfeit the current coin of the coun-
try, as wittingly alter or deface the stamp or te.xtiire of
a literary manufacture. In the case adverted to above,
we could have had no motive inducing such a misde-
meanor ; for if we had coveted the ciedit of having been
the author of '• Geology" we should not have branded
it " JVew York Courier and Fynquirer,'' We found it on
the wing of a southern newsp.aper and gave it a puff.
en passant, with no recollection of having seen it be-
fore, no intention of giving credit where it was not due,
but re-published it together with its mark, as it came into
our hand.

We believe that nobody's patience has been more tres-
passed on by the paltry purloiners of paragraphs than
that of our humble self Many a newspaper is sent to
us by way of exchange, with its editorial columns tricked
out with our selections and lucubrations without any inti-
mation of the source from which they were derived. Those
newspapers, though not worth to us a cent in a century,
we have not i/c( obliterated from our exchange list, but
we have that measure in contemplation, and hereby be
it known to all whom it may concern, tliat we shall
hereafter take due notice of the pilfering propensities of
certain mis-managers of newspapers, whose heads and
type an* manifestly of the siinie metal, under the head
STRAVKo or STOLEN AKTicLKS ! Moroevor if Messrs. A.
B. C. &c. do not abandon their said piratical practices,
we will issue a decree of non-intercourse between their
oftices and that of the New England Farmer, and no
longer furnish them gratis with materials and ammunition
for undermining or bombarding our own establishment.

with it, alter which add the remainder. The heat of
the whole of the liquid ought to be such as we can with
difficulty bear the hand in it. Then gently pour the
limewater on the grain, placed in a tub, stirring it with-
out ceasing. The liquor should at first be three or four
fingers' breadth over the wheat. Leave the grain to
soak 24 hours, turning it five or six times, when it may
be sown.

Grain limed by immersion does not incommode the
sower, like that which is limed in the ordinary way.
The lime adheres like a varnish to the surface of the
grain ; its germination is quicker, and as it carries with
it moisture enougli to develope the embryo, the wheats
will not fuflc-r for want of rain ; insects will not attack
it, as they cannot bear the alkaline taste of the lime.

STEEP FOR SEED AVIIEAT.

A jDDicious practical farmer has recommended to us
the publication of the following process, as affording the
best preparation for seed wheat. In order to destroy
smut in the seed to be sown, take 0 or 7 gallons of water
for 4 1-2 bushels of seed, and from 2 lbs. (J oz. to 2 lbs.
10 oz. of quicklime, according as its quality is more or
less caustic, or to the greater or less degree of smut in
the grain. Boil a part of the water and slake the lime

FRUIT IiADDER.

• The following simple and useful Ladder, for gather-
ing fruit has been recommended to us by a correspon-
dent in Maine It consists of two upright posts, from 7
to 10 feet long, (more or less, at the option of the con-
structor,) inclining towards each other, about 4 feet
apart at the bottom, and one foot at the top. The
rounds of the ladder pass through the posts, and are
about a foot apart. They are made somewhat larger in
the middle than at the places where they are inserted
into the posts, to give greater strength to the machine.
A third post is added to these, tlirough which the top
round of the ladder passes, permitting the post last men-
tioned to turn thereon, so, that its lower end may be set
at a greater or less distance from the other two posts, or
rather from a straight line drawn between them; This
ladder may be made light and portable, and possesses
the advantage of supporting itself without leaning on
any other object.

J hiessiiig in disguise. A farmer belonging to South
Reading has reported to us the agreeable news, that the
severe frost in May last destroyed all the cankerworms
in that neighborhood.

ITEMS OP ECOKOMY.

Weeding. Farmers and Gardeners are apt to suspend
the use of the weeding-hoe too early in autumn. In
consequence of such an oversight, purslane, pigweed
and other vegetable intruders obtain an ascendancy,
which causes much trouble and expense to the cultiva-
tor. Every weed which escapes extirpation becomes
the parent of a numerous progeny of pestiferous plants,
which monopolize and injure the soil, and greatly in-
crease the expense of tillage.

Eiddancc of Rats. Near Edinburgh a farmer, who
was troubled with rats caught 400 by placing a large
copper kettle in his eorn-loft, filling it about half full of
water, and strewing a thin sprinkling of chalT over it.
By a few boards, extending from the wall to the kettle,
the rats would jump among what they took. to be a fine
lot of grain, and were drowned.

To preserve Hams. A writer in a southern paper
states tliat he has for more than twenty years past kept
meat hanging up in his smoke-house through the sum-
mer season, and no fly, bug or worm has injured it.

To prevent such injury I take a strong ley made of
wood ashes, 1 commonly boil it to make it stronger than
it usually runs ofl'; then I take my bacon and smoked
beef, having two or three gallons of the ley in a large
iron bottle, and take each piece of the meat and di|) it
into the loy so that it is completely wetted with it, tlien
1 let it dry ; then I hang the meat in its former place.
By this process I have invariably found that it kept meat
free from bugs and worms, and no taste of ley is ever
perceived even on the outside.

Jlcorns, are sometimes given to poultry, and would be
valuable for fowls if they were dried and ground into
meal. Acorns can be preserved in a state fit for vegetation
for a whole year by involving them in bees-wax. Other
seeds may be conveyed from distant countries by the
same means. . Miller advises to plant acorns as soon as
they are ripe in October and they will come up the fol-
lowing April. If they are attempted to be kept above
ground through the winter, they are apt either to sprout
or to lose the germinating principle.

Care for Dysentery. Boiled milk, thickened with flour
has been recommended as a remedy for dysentery when
taken in its first stages. Boiled milk without flour i.^
too harsh.

Remedy for Cholera Morbus. A friend assures us that
the following simple prescription for dysentery or chol-
era morbus has been frequently tried, and when used in
season with uniform success. To half a tumbler of vin-
egar add as much salt as the vinegai will dissolve, and
take it fasting. It will operate as a cathartic, and if the
stomach is quite foul as an emetic likewise.

Method of preserving Cheese from Worms and Mites.
Grains of whole pepper put into a vessel in which
cheese is kept, it is said will preserve it against these
insects. Probably pods of the common red pepper (cap-
sicum) wotild answer the same purpose.

Implnnents of Jlgricultiire. Every good husbandman
will laj' it down as a rule to have an inventory of all
his agricultural implements and other articles necessary
for the cultivation of his farm, and frequently inspect
them that he may be sure the requisite repairs are made
in due time. An implement, likewise, that is not want-
ed during the season, ought not only to be carefully
housed, but before it is put aside it should be well clean,
ed, made perfectly dry, oiled, or if made of iron painted,
and kept so as to be ready when wanted.

MARKETS.

Boston, September 2!U/(. Hops. Some parcels have
been presented for inspection and contracts for first de-
livery made at 14 a $18.

Wool. The sales during the week have been con-
fined to such lots as have been required to supply tin.
immediate wants of manufacturers ; the entire sales of
fleece and pulled will not exceed 25,000 lbs ; prices are
without much change; the stock of pulled wool is very,
limited, of fleece there is a fair supply, but the quantity
in nrarket is unusually snrall for this season of the year.

-Vfio York. Hops begin to come in pretty freely, but
foreign accounts have not giverr confidence to shippers,
iirrd consequently there is not much activity ; small salesi
have been rrrade of eastern at 20 cents. 1

ITEMS OP laiTELIilGEKCE.

The Augusta (Geo.) Courier, mentions that a cottOX
factory started its spindles on the 10th inst. It is in.
tended when in full operation to run 2,000 spindles
All the machinery is made in the company's own work'
slroj).

Premium. A premium is about to be offered by th<
New York Insurance offices, on those ships which sai
without ardent spirits, which are useless to a sailor ix
extremity.

When vessels have been shipwrecked during cold an«
tempestuous seasons, it has always been observed tha'
those mariners who partook of spirituous drirrk, expired
at their duties, while the strictly temperate being leal
.sensitive to external influences, generally survived An''
intelligent captain once remarked in our presence, that '
coffee was the best to animate a jack tar to buffet out »
storm, and to endure the chilling blasts of winter. — Paw-
tucket Chronicle.

voii. xiri, NO. la.

AND HORTICULTCUAL JOURNAL.

95

FARM FOU SALE AT AUCTION.

WILL Ik; sold ai I'uEi.ic AucTiuN on WEDNESDAY,
llie 'I'wEN i v-NiNTH (lay oi Ociober next, ai Two o'clock
III llie alleniooii. upon llie premises, all that Farm which be-
longed to Asa Parker, E^q. late ot Jattiey, deceased, situated
111 the iiorth-j^aslerly part ol said Jatirey, usttmated to Co"'""'
rwo HUNDl-tKU AKt> FiKTV acres, more or less— bounded

HwliciiJtuml. At the late Horticultural Exhibition at
Philadelpliia, there were to be seen New Zealand Flax,
the Indian Rubber Tree, Cinnamon r ee, Camphor Tree,
Black I'epper, Sugar Cane, Sand Box Tree, Arabian
Coffee, Cocoa-nut Tree, Olive Tree, &c.

The Senate and Chamber of Representatives of Ha^U nord, o. i;-:^|;>;-;t.d tr ^r::i^lii;S?or^r 'Hct^s]
have passed a Rural Code, containing provisions which
are without example in any nation. Tlieir object is to
compel the people to labor for their subsistence by in-
flicting penalties upon idleness.

Mr. Stephenson the celebrated engineer, says he will
not be satisfied until the journey from Liverpool to Lon-
don is made in two hours, being at the rate of a hun-
dred and four miles an hour I He has already travelled
forty. — U'ltii;.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE

SPL,E:N0[D BU1.BOIIS HOOTS.

This day received direct liom Holland, a splendid collection
or Double and single Hv,\ciNTHS, Polyanthos, Narcissus.
double and single JoKQUiLLS, Crown iMPKiiiAL Crokus,

GlABIOI.LS ol" sorts, FUITTELLERAS Amarvi.lis, &c.

GEO. C. BARRETT.

New England Seed Slore.

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAI. TREES.

The subscriber is now prepared to receive orders for trees
for fall setting out, and the best attention will be paid to orders
by mail or otherwise. Calologues to bc^ had graljs uponjip-

plication.

GEO. C. "BARRETT.

gimay
south on ihe children ol .said Holmes and Sdinnel Patrick; and
west on Joseph Hodge, Levi Flsk and others.

Sjiid Farm is well worthy the attention ol purchasers, having'
upon it a Dwelling House ot two stones, two JLiarns, and other
coiivenienl buildings, is well wooded and watered, suitably di-
vided into Tillage, Mowing and Pasturing— and is valuable as
a stock, or sheep larm.

There are also upon it Ihree or four hundred thrifty young
MULBKRKY TKKKS, SO that the purchaser can immediately
make arrangements to commence tlie manufacture ol Silk.

The right of dower of the widow, and the shares ol all the
heirs, will be soUl together, and a complete title given, and the
larm will be offered entire, or in lots that may best suit pur-
chasers.

A small part of the purchase money will be required on the
execution of the deed — for the residue, a credit will be given
on laorlgage, if desired.

ED.MUND PARKER, ; Guardians for the
Sl'EPHEN JEVVETT, 5 Minor Heirs.

Jaflrey, N. H. Sept. 17, 183+.

FRUIT TREES.

Ornam.ental trees, and PLANTS, &c.
iVuRSERV of WILLIAM KENRICK, in
Newton, Mass. bi miles from Boston by the
Western Avenue, an2 .la mile from the Worces-
ter Ifiail Hnad.

This establishment now compactly covers 18 acres, and
comprises the selections of the finest kinds of Pears, Applijs,
Cherries. Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Apricots, Almonds,
Quinces. Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries,
and Mulberries, including the Chinese Mulberry, or MoRus
MuLTicAui.is, so celebrated for silk ; Sirawberries, Figs, iic.
No paius, uo labor, or expense has been spared, in obtaining
the most celebrated varieties, which have been congregated
from divers climates and latitudes, and from lirsi-rale sources
selections tldapted to every section of the Union. The Or-
namental Trees and Plants alone, comprise one thousand va-
rieties, the most beautiful kinds known ; these include Horse
Chcsnuts. Weepiu" Willows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Ailan-
Ihus or Tree of H'eaven, Scotch Larch, Silver Firs, Venetian
Sumach. Altheas, Snowballs, Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c.— Su-
perb China and Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Flowering Plants,
PEConies. and splendid Double Dahlias.

Gentlemen are respectluUv invited to forward their orders
enWt/.— Earlv in Autumn, beins an excellent season for trans-
planting. Addressto WH.LIAM KENRICK. Newton, Mass.
Trees, &c. delivered in Boston without charge lorlrausporta-
lion, thev arc selected and labelled with due precaution and j

FOREST TREES.

The subscriber having had several years experience in
procuring Forest Trees, lenders his services to the public in,
that line.

He is ready at any time to execute orders for the deciduous
and evergreen trees common to the county of Kennebec.

Arbor Vila:, Spruce, Fur, Pine, Hemlock, Larch, Ash, Ma-
ple, Basswood, Mountain Ash, Tree Cranberry, (a very pretty
shrub) torm a part of the Catalogue of trees and shrubs which
he is in the practice ot' obtaining.

Direct to ZACHEUS GOLDSMITH, Gardiner, Me.

Gardiner, Me. August Wtk, 1834.. 6w. S. 17

NOTICE.

An experienced farmer would like to hire or take the super-
intendence of a (arm in the vicinity of lloston. Good referen-
ces can be given. Inquire at this office.

CORN CUTTERS.

This implement, though a common article, is one of the
most handy and useful tools that is used on a farm. A few
very superior cast steel mav be had at the Agricultural Ware-
house. Likewise — Cast Steel Corn Forks, for loading corn
in liie field. Sep. 10.

SITUATION "WANTED.

An experienced gardener with his wife would like a situa-
tion as such. Good recommendations will be produced.

Enquire at this ofiice. oct I

JUST PUBLISHED,

The TEMPERANCE FAMILY ALMANAC, for 1835,

Apples, russets,

Beans, white,

Beee, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. I

prime,

Beeswax, (American) ....
BuTTER,iilspecte<-l, No. I, new.

Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, ....

Feathers, northern, geese, . • •

soutiicrn, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed,

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard str. new
Baltimore, wharl, (none) •

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, . .
southern yellow, . .

white,

Rye, Noithern, ....

Barley,

Oats, Northe/n, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (uncertain) . .
2d quality do ...

Lard, Boston, Istsort

Southern, Istsort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" upper, . , ,

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . . .

Lime, best sort

PoKK, Mass. inspec, extra clear, .

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, ....

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, northern, . . .
Red Clover, northern, . .
WhiteDutch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4lhs do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, . . . .
^ f Pulled superfine,
^ -a I 1st Lambs, . • .
^:^\id " . . .

S g. I 3d '• . . .

Z [ 1st Spinning, . . .
( !;unthern pulled wool is generally
i o els. less perlb.

T^"^"."^.". I .■■. ■ II.. m^ -1 jr^

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

pound
bushel
barrel

oushel

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
pound

pound

ROM

TO

2 00 2 75

1 7i

2 25

y 60

10 00

7 60

8 00

6" 00

6 26

18

&

15

17

8

y

3*

5

40

45

36

40

y

10

1 26

1 37

5 02

5 75

5 60

5 75

5 G^

72

73

03

70

08

oy

08

70

CO C6

38 40

20 00 21 00

13 00 14 00

14 00 15 00

40

50

10

12

8

S.j

7

8

17

19

10

12

15

17

18

20

26

28

2'L

24

y6

9S

17 0(.

18 00

13 00

2 37

2 50

7S

87

b

9

25

31

7 Ot

7 50

6L

65

6t

55

3i

42

35 40

32 35

38 40

5(

55

40 4'i

30 33

23 25

36 40

care'; aiul when ordered thence, they are suitably packed,and i ^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^1^ j^^ quanliiv, at the office of the New England
forwarded to their destination, by land or sea. Or orders will | ^ , ...i„„ ,;■-,;' „:.,„i.', ,7i..„.i „,i

receive the same attention if left with Geo. C. Barrett,
who is agent, at his seed store and New England Farmer
Office, Nos. 51 & 52, North Market Street, Boston. Cata-
logues gratis on application. eel 1

13,000 PEACH TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of forming orchards of the Peach tree
are ofTered a capital selection of the finest kinds
Apply to WILLIAM KEiNRICK, Newton.

Farmer — price (i els. single, g'i per hundred.

oct 1

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL, SOCIETY.

\ The Socictv is hereby notified that a meeting thereof
for the choice of officers for the ensuing year, will be held at
the old Common Council Room in the County Court House,
Court Square (between School and Court Streets), on Satur-
day the 4th of October at 1'

sep24

1 o'clock.
ROBERT T. PAINE, Recording Secretary.

FOREST TREES.

WM. JI ANN, Pangor. Me. will execute ordeis in the most
faithful maimer for the following kinds, viz.

Ash. all varieties,
Basswood or Tulip Tree,
American Elm,
Hornbeam.
Maple, all varieties,
■Spruce, &c. *cc

Arbor Vitri or While Cedar

Mountain .4sh or Pioundwood,

Birch, all varieties,

Uackmetac Larch or Juniper,

Hemlock,

Pine, difl"ercnt varieties, - , , ....

All who arc desirous of procuring a quantity will find it for
their interest before buying elsewhere to write per mail staling
the kinds, quantiues, Ihe manner in which to be packed, &c.
&CC. and terms and particulars will be gi^'en. mpr\ r«

Orders if more convenient mav be left with Mr. GEO. C.
BARRETT, of the Agricultural Warehouse, where prices
current may be seen. 8w sept -.1

PATENT CLOVER

Ritlenhouse's Improved Hulli

HULLING MILL.

ig Machine, for hand or horse
power. This machine, invented by Robert Ritteiihouse, is
found to be one of the most improved machines for the pur-
pose, that has been invented. It is supposed that one man
will readily hull and clean from five to six bushels per day. —
The above machines are for sale at the Agricultural Ware-
house, Nos. 61 and 52 North Market street, and also rights for
towns, counties, and slates may be had. Sep. 10.

PROVISION MARKET,
retail prices.

Hams, northern, . •
southern, . .
Pork, whole hogs, .
Poultry, (uncertain)
Butter, (tub) . . .
lump.

Eggs,

potatoks, . . .
Cider, (new,) . .

pound

9i

8

6i

14

20

dozen

IG

bushel

37

barrel

2 00

10

17
50

500 PIECES ENGLISH MERINOS.

ELTAB STONE BREWER. has received from New York
and will be opened on Monday morning. 500 pieces English
Merinos, of superior quality and colors, being the entire im-
portation of one of the first importing Houses in the countrv, , - „

and in anticipation of the season, will be sold at least 25 per | F^i^es ^foHy stipporlcd. ^We quote prime at 4
cent, lower than they can be afil'orded in the Autumn.

aug 13 Otis 414, Washington-street

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Sept. 29, 1834.
Reportcil for the Daily AdvertiBer and Patriot.
At Market 700 Beef Catlle, 1,400 Stores, 400 sheep, and
1J50 swine.

Prices. Ben/ Cattle— The quality of Beef Cattle gen-
erally Was not so good as la-1 week, but sales were qtiick and

7o a o ; gi

ood

APPLE PARING MACHINE.

Willis' Improved Apple Paring Machine is found to be very
handy and useful for paring apples, pears, &c., is very simple
in its construction, and is used with great expedition. Those
who are in the daily habit of using apples will find this imple-
ment verv convenient and useful. Sep. 10.

GRASS SEEDS, Cfor Fall Solving.)

For .Sale, at the New England Seed Store, 51 and 52
North Market street.

Clover (Northern) — Herds Grass — Red Top — While Clover
(fine imported)— Lucerne, &c &c.— Wholesale and Retail.

4 25 a 4 50 ; thin 3 25 a 3 75.

Stores. — We quote the same as last week, viz — ^Yearlings
$5 a 9; two years old, 9 a 15 ; three years old 19 a 25.

Cows and Cu/c«.— Sales 23, 24, 27 and ^30.

S/iecp— Lot of ordinary at 1 32 a 1 42 ; middling at 1 60
1 G7, 1 75, and 2 ; belter" qualities at 2, 2 17, 2 50, and 2 lo
including many wethers.

Swine— A few lots of old swine a part of which weresowsai
4 1-4. also several hundred shoals in lots, (halfbarrows)al 4 1-4
at retail 4 1-2 for sows and 6 1-2 for barrows.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

200 boxes very thick— for sale by LORING & KUPFER,
No 10 Merchant's Row. Im sep 3

96

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

OCTOBER 1, 1R31.

MISCELLANY.

From Mrs. Hale's Magazine.

THE SWEDISH GIRL,.

"Previous to the dopanure of Baron de Stael from Sweden
he was enamoured of his second cousin, a beautillti e;irl whom
lie had promised to marry : but after the oH'ers received by him
from the Neckar family, he wrote to inform her of the peculiar
circumstances in which he was placed, and that his union with
a lady wiiom lie did not love, would be the means of raisiiijj his
lamily (rom poverty and obscurity, — Mis cousin, without any
other answer, returned him his luarriai^e promise stained witii
her tears, and in seven weeks she was a corpse."

"Even to pause on such a thoushl!
, How could it cross his mind ?

Vain honors, traffick'd tor anti bought

With happiness resigned !■
And love like mine cast meekly by,

At cold ambition's call !
My heart be calm 1 — why should I sigh!

Tears, tears, why will ye fall ?
The .Swedish girl should scorji to stand
'Tween him and his adopted land.
For him what would I not have borne,

\\'llat woe or poverty !
And rich in love, have smiled in scorn,

When heartless wealth rolled by.

I would have urged him up the steep, t

Where hangs the noltlest crown
Honor may gain, or virtue keep —

An honest man's renown !
Soothed him when yielding to his toils,
And brightened each success with smiles.
Yet why thus linger o'er a dream

That my fond spirit bound.
But lent my soul no cheering beam

To light the darkness round !
Well, be it so :^I may not speak

What stirs within my heart :
The fettered spirit soon will break

Through all things and depart :
Yet 'twould be sweet again to bless
The object of past tenderness!
Ay, lake thy bride, the gifted one.

And glory in her fame !
And when, peivading in the sun,

Her genius lights thij name.
Forget, amid its dazzling rays,

How dim thine own a[)pears;
Nor think u[)on the heartlelt praise

Was thine in former years.
When mingling love, and hope, and pride,
With her now coldly thrown aside.
Ay, wed another — wed the great I

Gain wealth, but with it care!
Soon shalt thou feel the galling weight,

-\nd mourn each glittering snare
That wiled thee from Ihy plighted vow,

From first and unfeigned love j
Antl bade thee to a stranger bow,

A .straJlger's bimnlii prove !
Madness, that one so loved by me,
Should ever so degraded be !

II may not lie ! I cannot ask
Karth's happiness for one

Who hath imposed the billerest task.

That woman's pride has ilone. •
I'll curse not, though I miiy not bless

The idol of my youth.
But in my inrert of happiness,
rilprove unfaltering irndi.
And, blotted thus with ti-ars. return
The jiledge I would, but cannot spurn !"
And such is woman's love ! not even pride
, That oft (piells passion in its fiercest tide.
This high souled, injured Kwedish girl could save
Fair spring, wave garlajids o'er her early grave.

MoiNA.

If we conversed less alioul tiien,aml more about
things, we would have lietter friends, and more sense.

SIKGUliAR IIVSTANCE OP liOKGEVITY.

A CERTAIN liotiaelireaker vvjis condeirined in tlie
early part of the last rentiiry in France, and un-
der pectiliar circumstaiires, to a hundred years at
llie i;alleys, and strange to relate, this liian rereut-
ly mtide his appearance in his own native province
at the advanced age of 1-20, ho hein<r about 20
yetirs of age when the sentence which condemned
liitu to so dreadftil a punishment was passed. It
may he easily conceived with what eagerness and
delight, he flew, as soon as emancipated from the
shackles whicli had enthrtilled hitn for an entire
centtiry, to lueathe once more the cherished air
of the scene of his infancy. Botirg in the depart-
ment of Ain was his native home ; hut time had
so chimged the aspect of the whole jilace, that he
recogitised it only by tlie old church of Bonrg,
which was ihe only tiling which had undergone
no alteration. He had triumphed over laws,«hon-
dage, man, titne — every thing. Not a relation
had he left, uot a single being could he hail as an
acquaintance, yet he was not without experiencing
the hotnage and respect the French invariably pay
to old age. For hitnself, he had forgotten every
thing connected with bis early youth, even all rec-
ollection of the crime for which he had suffered
was lost, or if at all remembered it was but as a
dreary vision, confoimded with a thousand other
dreary visions of days long gone by. * His family
anil connections for several generations all dead,
himself a living proof of the clemency of heaven,
and the severity of man, regretting, perhaps, the
very irons which had been fainiliar to hiiii, and
half wishing hitnself again among the wretched
and stiffering beings with whom his own fate had
been so long associated — well might he he called
the patriarch of burglars. A few years since this
e.xtranrdinary long lived man was still in being
and in health.

If my child was to be a shoe-black till liis'lite, I
wotilil give him a classical education.

If young ladies now-a-days did not become wo-
men at thirteen, men would have better »vi\es.

]f yon would not he everlastingly (ium\i:d— pay
ihe printer! — Southern Plnnter.

DEPTH OF THE OCEAN.

The depth of the ocean is a point which has
puzzled alike philosophers and practical men, and
is after ail left in a wide field of conjecture. The
most probable gtiide is analogy, and tlte wisest meit,
judging by this criterion, have prestimed that the
tiepth of the sea may be measured by the height
of mountains, the higliest of which are between
20,000 and .30,000 feet. The greatest depth that
has been tried to he measured, is thtit found in
the Northern ocean by Lord iMtilgrave.

He heaved out a very heavy soimding ler.d, and
gave out along with it a ctible rope of the length
of 46S0 feet without finding bottom.

BLASTING ROCKS.

As many lives are yearly lost by the imtinielv
explosiim of the powder used for blasting rocks,
htimiinity prompts me to give a process as we
lip.-ird it described a few days since, by a person
who had been injured in a mine where many ac-
cidents of the kind had ha[ipened whicli led them
to try other methods of charging the rocks than
those commonly practised, and which he said end-
ed in the discovery of a safe itnil expeditiotis man-
ner of blastitig. As these accidents had uniformly
happened, in what he denominated the " tainpling"
or the driving down the brick and other substance
in fillitig aliove the powder, lltey for an experi-
ment stibstiltited plaster of Paris, which had been
heated, as for preparing cement, which they mixed
with wtiler in the sttme niitmier, and poured the
cement into the hole upon the powder, having
first ititrodticed the i|iiill or fuze ; the cement iiu-
meiliatily set or hardeueil when the blast was
ready lor firing. He saiil that he never knew a
blast mtitiaged in this way to fail of doing well,
and never knew an accident to hap|ien ; that it
was ipiicker done anil was more economical in
every res|iect. If this should prove correct it
shouhl he generally introduced.

ERROR OP TRAVELLERS.

0.\E great error of travelleis is the belief that
while they are undergoing fatigue, they require
more food than at any other time. Noihing can
be more ftttal than this common mistake ; the
feverishness which attends fatigue deprives the
stomach of its tone, digestion is then a hibor which
it is unequal to perform ; the individual feels
exhausted, and forces himself, " to support his
strength," to eat what he loaths to look on. 1
have seen the bad effects of this vulgar error very
frequently, and heard iujtulicious people press the
weary to whet their appetites with spirits, when a
few hours' repose would have restored the system,
and given a new tone to the stomach. — Ma. Trav.

PASHIOiVABLE SHELL CODIBS,

Sign of the Goldni Co'uth, 243 Washlntrtcn street, Boston.

The fashion ofC.'ombs having undergone considerable mod-
ification ilurlng the last eighteen miniihs, and the combs now
worn being much smaller tlian those formerly, iiuluces tlie sub-
scriber to suggest to the ladies that ihry can have their combs
retluced to conform to the present style, (.'omlis th.nt ate now
lost to the owner, in consetiuenee ot their hugenkss can oe
aliercd into one or more combs with wrought or plain tops at
the option of the owner, at a motlerate charge.

They liave on hand and are constantly manufacturing th«
most fashionable combs. Ladies in want olcombs, will please
call belore purchasing.

Jewelry antl Fancy Goods at reduced prices for cash. Alio
W'arranted Silver Siiectacles to su;t aiiv age for Js^.CO.
JOHN PONS,

net 1 ri.T'.RRIONT C. HINE.

■— .i-iii.-— ^— ^^^^^— ■ )

IP, AND HIS PROGENY.

If every body would just mind his own busi-
ness, iheie would be nmre business done.

If voti want to get rich, work hard and spend
little."

If the mistress would scold less she would ha\e
less reason for scolding.

THE NEW ENGLAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday K\eiiiiig, at ^S per annum,
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay within
si.xfy days from the time of subscribing, are entitled to a deduc-
tion of fifty cents.

[Hf* No paper will be sent to a distance without payHitBt
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
New York — G. C. Thorp.urn, G7 Liberty-street.
^//;„»(,_Wm.Thokbvrn,317 Market-street.
J'liil nlrl/ihia — I). & C. Lamikkth. 85 Chesnut-strcel.
Ji"/!ittntr< — 1. L JIfrcHcocK, Publisher ol American Farmer, j
('hiri/i/(,'ti — S. V. P.iKKHUKsT, ^.'3 Lower Market-street.
Flushing. N. Y. — Will. PuiNCK &, Sons, Prop. Lin. Bot. Car.
.)llddirlivni. Vt. — Wight (/hapman. Merchant.
//«.■//;„•(/— Gomiwis & Co. P.ook.sellers.
.Wnrhunq/f>rt — F.BKNi^zKR .Stkuman . Bookseller.
rorlsmrulh, N. //.—J. W. FosTKR. Bookseller.
Aiiirnsta. Me. — Wii.i.ARn .Skf.ll, Druggist.
]\'noilstock. IV. — J. A. Pratt.

Pvrtlitjid. Me. — (^oi.man, Hii!.I)i;n & Co. Booksellers.
r><nio;nr. Me. — Wtil. I\1ann, Druggist.

/ff/Z/ii.r, A. 5». — P.J. Holland, Esq. F.ditor of Recorder.
.</. I.niiis — Gko. Hoi.ton.

Printed for (>i:o. C Bakrktt by Fonii «\: I amkklj,
who execute every description o{ l>fio/{ and F/niry 2'rmt-
incr in good style, and with pvoiiiptness. Orders for print-
ing may be left with Gkd. C. Barrett, at flie Aorical-
tural VVarehouse, No, 52, North Market Street.

I¥EW EMGI^AMB FARM EM.

VOL. xm.

AT THE Agricultural Warehoksk.)— T. G. FESSKNUF.N, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8, 1834.

NO. 13.

From t'te Std^iii ftuzttic.
KSSEX AGRICUI-TIIUAI. SOCIETY.

Thk AiiMii.il l';>vliililiii)n liy this Sor-iety, Iniil^
Jihice ill New Uovvli'V, dm Tliursdny, (25lli). 'J'ii.
<l;iy was fine, and tlie asseiMUIa^n! of |iHo|ilt-, in-
cliidiiis lliK iimst iMlclliij;,Mit raniifirs and Cltizt•ll^i
"t'tlii! Comity, iiiiiisiially lar;ri> — and tlie sliinv id
niiiiiials, and ariicles oC dcinirsiic niannlin'tnii', was
lii^'hly creilitnlile In the Sorit-ly — iManilrstiii^r a
ciiniiniicd and incicasinj; iiitei'L'st in llicso Ex.'iihi-
tiiiris.

We nolici'd in the I'eiis —

12 Bulls, from 1 y. 4 irr. to 3 y. old,

Several Calves, one aged C m. G d. ut. 505 Ihs.

7 Mile.li Cows,
12 Heifers, in milk,
12 |)air'(jf Steers,

19 young Hrtrses and Colls, 3 to 5 years old,
with several Swine, and other anijnals.

In the Plonghin;,' Match, there were S double
teams and 3 single teams — the work was said hv
the Committees to have lieen H;ell done, eonsider-
ing the rocky ami liard condition of the land, it
lieing m>w very dry. The (doughs were mostly
of the hest a|i|irove(l patterns, hot were not [lar-
ticnlarly a[|a|iifd to this rocky and hard soil — tliev
were hetter suited to tuiu sward land wilhonl
rocks.

Tlie Exhiliition of Maniirictnrrd Articles was
fery good. There were nearly 200 dllferent arti-
■les — many of them neatly and curiously wrought,
riie s|)c;cimens of work liy children umler 12 years
)f age, were very nmnerous, liandsoniely wrought,
md vvi-rlhy of mucii ,piaise.

Among the articles exhibited, we noticed seve-
■al of beautiful a|i|iearauce made from the fibre of
lie stock of the iMilk Weed (Asclepias Syriaca),
in uriirle we have never before known used for
his |)(ir|)Ose. Judging from these specimens, it
vould seem that this hitherto cumbersome weed
3 capable of lieing applied to-many valuable uses.
,Ve hardly know which most to admire, the bean-
y of the articles, or the ingeiiuily that wrofight
lem. We were not informed as to tiie compara-
ve amomit of labor necessary to be applied to
lis species of manufacture, but do not readily per-
sive why any great degree of extra labor, ascom-
ared with silk, should be required.

There were exhibited several parcels of Butter
id Cheese of fine quality, and the tables were
Duntifully sn|iplied v\ith Melons, Peaches, Pears,
pples, (;rapes, &c. from generous individuals in
le vicinity.
One hundred and fifty ineinliers of the Society,
itli many invited guests, dined together at Col.
nvary's, to their entire satisfaction.
At 3 o'clock, the Society asseiiibled at Mr. Bra-
an's i\leeting-house, where prayers were otlered
r the Rev. Mr. Fox, of Newburyport, and an im-
•essive Address delivered by Col. Mosely, Presi-
SDt of the Society.

The officers of the Society continue nearly the
me as the last year.

A LIST OF PREMIUMS.

warded by the Essex Agriculiaral Society, Sept.

%5th, 1834.
B Samuel Bailey, W. Newbury, for Cheese,
Ist. premium, - - . - $10

of Anilovcr, lor do. 2d.

Jacoh Osgood

premium, - - . .

Mrs. .lane Teniiey, of Cyfield for Butter
1st. pieniiiim, - - . .

To Rev. G. 15. Perry, of Bradford, fur do 2d.
preiiiimn, - - .

PLOUGHING WITH TWO PAIR OK OXE.\.

To Samuel Biadstrecl, TopsHeld, 1st premi-

nm, .... 12

Daniel Moiilion, W. Newbury, 2d. prem. 10

Win. Foster, 3d. Andover, 3d. prem. 8

Jesse Sheldeii, Beverly, 4tli. prem. 6

PLOUGHING WITH ONE PAIR. OF OXEN.

To John Brockleback, Rowley, 1st. prem. 10

Joseph G. Dummer, Newbury, 2d. (u-eni. 8

Amos Sheldon, Beverly, 3d. prem. 6

John Follanshee, W. Newbury, for an

improved |)lough, &c. a gratuity of 2

ANIMALS.

Ali'ain. Balch, To|.sficld, for a bull, 1st pr. 10

Gideon Currier, Newbury, 2d. 5
Luke L. Dale, [{owley, for a calf, a gratuity of 2

Wm. Jewett, Newb'p't, milch cow, 1st. pr. 10

R. A. Meriam, Topsfield, do. 2d. 7

(liles M. Jaqiies, W. Newbury, 3d. 5

I Sector Coffin, Newbury, for a heifer, 1st. pr. 7

Anthony Chase, Haverhill, 2d. 5

Geo. French, Jr. Andover, for steers, 1st. pr. 7

James Ayers, Haverhill, 2d 5

Jed'h H. Barker, Andover, 1st. pr. 6

Ralph H. Chandler, do. 2d ' 4
Jona. Kimball, Bradford, for two pairs of
steers, but ,- monilis iM, well trained for

work, a gratuity of - . . j

Wm. Thurlow, W. Newbury, for best boar, 5

Joseqih Pearson, Newbury, next best, 3
Enoch Harriman, Bradford, for his sorrel

steed, 3 yrs. old, a fine animal, 1st jir. 10

V. Bailey, \V. New'b. for hl'k. mare, 2d 8

Jos. Avery, Andover, for chesnut do. 3d 6

Eras Ware, M'head, for bl'k horse, 4th 4

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

Mrs. Phebe Lovejoy, Andover, for a piece of
carpeting, - . . 1st p,-. 5

Catharine M. Johnson, do. do. 2d 3

Miss Ilamial) Foster, do. for an elegantly
wrought straw bonnet, 1st pr. 5

Hannah C. Hardy, Bradford, do. 2d 3

Elizabeth L. Perry, do. aged 9 years, for a
neatly wrought lionnet, a gratuity 1

Sarah C. Perry, aged 12, for do. do. 1

Misses Symonds, of B.ixford, and Ruth H.
Brown, of Haverhill, for bonnets, eacli, 1

Eliza B. Story of MancJiester, for the best con-
structed bi'arth riig, 1st pr. 3

Catharine Dodge, of Danvers, do. 2d 2

Caiharine Putnam, of Danvers, Mrs. Love
Eatcbelder, of Danvers, and Miss C. J. Bart-
lett,of Nevvliiiryp't, for well wrought hearth
rugs and mats, each

Caleb Pierce, of Salem, for sheep-skiu mats,
handsomely colored, and well made, a gra-
tuity of - - -

Mrs. Susan Kimball, Boxford, for woollen
cloth, - - - 2d pr.

Mercy W. Tyler, Boxford, for flannel, 2d pr.
Do. woollen hose, 1st pr.

Betsey Jaques, Newbury, 2d pr.

E Cnliver, of Bradford, for half hose
Do. for linen hose,

A lady of Danvers, for a beautiful and neatly
wrought counterpane, l^i |,|._

6 Agnes Haskell of Newburyp't, for counterpane,

Sarah D. Smith, of W. Newbury, for a qnilt,

Mary B. Cornell, of Newbury, aged 14

Mary C. Noyes, do. aged li_ReheccaT.
Wood of Boxford, aged 5, and Ann M. Saw-
yer, of Rowley, for well made quilts, each

Lucretia H. Milton, Newburyp't, for a beau-
tifully wrought lace veil, 1st pr.

Elizabeth C. Jacobs, of Danvers, do. 2d

1

For the best specimens ofinduilry and ingenuity by

children under 12 years of age.
To Harriet Butler, iVewbiiryii't, 1st pr. 3

iMartha Perkins, do. 2d 2

And to Elizabeth W.Wilson, Lucy C. Brown,
Helen Janvrin, Susan M. Hodge, Sarah C.
Perry, Sarah Jane Young, Rebecca E.
Brown, Margaret A. Brown, Elizabeth
Brown, Mary Ann Shaw, Susan Jones,
Caroline E. Greenleaf, Harriet S. Cook,
Margaret Horton, each 1

Miss Margaret Gerrish, of Salem, for a varie-
ty of beauliful articles, made from the fibre
of the Slock of the Milk Weed, 5

Eliza F. Robinson, of W. Newbury, for linen

hose and thread, - - - 2

A Lady of Salem, for an imitation French

Shawl,
Mrs. Ma y »t. ^.Ic:-;!!, of Newbury, for superi-
or specimens of coloring, &c.
Elisha Upton & Son, of Danvers, for hand-
some specimens of Glue,
Geo. Hodges, Esq. of Andover, for a fine

piece of flannel,
Asa A. Abbot, of Andover, for specimens of

wrought silk,
John Kimball, of Rowley, for handsomely

dressed leather,
Josiah G. Tyler, of Rowley, for Ladies' Boots,
Mrs. Enoch Wood , of Buiford, for linen dia-
per, - . . .
M. M. Kimball, of Andover, for an apron,
Olive Isley, of Rowley, for a wrought hand-
hiMchief, - - - - 1
Tbtre were many other articles exhibited that
richly merit a more particular notice, but which
the Committee did not feel at liberty to award gra-
tuities for.

These premiums will be paid by Dr. Andrew
Nichols, of Danvers, the Treasurer — or those in
the vicinity of Newburyport, can be obtained by
calling on Col. E. AIoselv.

There are many other premiums, that will prob-
ably be awarded the present year, upon which the
Committee have not yet reported.

J. W. Proctor, Secretary.

Danvr.s, i- I. 9G;;, 1834.

Dogs. A w. ite;- . the New York Farmer esti-
mates the Qu;,i'.;er of dogs in the United States to
be 1,300,000, and the expense of keeping them
upwards of 10 millions of dollars annually.

98

NEW ENGLAND KAUMEK,

OCTOBER S, 1S3*.

ABSTRACT OP DR. DAKWIIV'S DISSERTA-
TION ON THE DISEASES OF PLANTS.

fTdken Iroiti his work eutiiled " I'hyiologia, or tlie Philosophy
of Ajrirullure and Garcleniiig."]
The diseases of plains he classes under three
general heads ; those which arise from internal
causes, those from external elements, and those
from the depredations and injuries caused by in-
sects and larger animals.

Many of the diseases of plants he attrihutes to
their irritahility. From this cause he conti-nds, it
is, that plants will not hear sudden transitions from
lient to cold, or even from cold to heat. Heat he
supposes acts as a stimulus to the i)lant, and if too
suddenly checked the plant is either injured or
destroyed. Hence the gardeners in northern cli-
mates deem it necessary to shelter tender plants,
such ns the flowers of apricots, as well from the
meridian sun as from the coldness of the night.

He classes the internal diseases of plants as fol-
lows: 1. Mildew — this disease arises from a
plant of the fungus kind which penetrates with
its roots the vessels of the vegetahle to which it
adheres. The remote cause he supposes to he
some previous injury the plant had received from
internal disease.

The remedy recommended is to thin the crop
and to admit a freer circulation of air. When it
is owing, which frequently is, to the dampness of
the soil, the remedy must be to drain the land,
and use the drier kinds of manure, as ashes, &c.
He further recommends sowing such land earlier
in the season, as he observes mildew is more apt
to prevail in the latter part of the season.

This last is a very just remark ; every one must
have observed how very generally, if not imiver-
sally the pea is subjected to mildew in the autumn,
a circumstance which seldom happens in the
gprin"-. 2dly. Rust, which he describes as a fer-
ruginous powder spriidtled under the Jeavcs. He
supposes this also to be a vegetable production of
the fungus kind, and as it is probably owing to the
same causes, lie recommends the same remedy of
increasing the light and circulation of air, by
thinning the plants among which it appears. 3.
Clavus, ergot, or Speer. This is said to be an af-
fection of the seeds when they become enlarged,
and grow out of their natural size, pushing out
horns of a blackish color. The rye is apt to be af-
fected by it in France. He supiioses it to lie occa-
sioned by wounds made by insects. Duhamel
ascribes it to this cause. By the use of such dis-
cas«d grain by the poor, diseases have been produc-
ed of an alarming nature. Quere— is not the mal-
ady with which our Indian corn is affected, refer-
ribli) to this class of complaints ? It is an enlarge-
ment of the seed vessel, and frequently of the
seed, though it not uufreqnently appears in other
pans of the plant. May not that also be occasion-
ed by insects ?

Ur. Darwin suggests no remedy for this com-
plaint. 4th. Ustilago, or Smut, when instead of
seed, the fruit produces a black meal, as occurs of-
ten ill wheat, barley, &,c.

The Doctor mentions the usual practice of
steeping the wheat in salt ; in lime water and va-
rious other preparations, which is supposed to be a
preventive to the disease. He, however, quotes the
opinion of other respectable persons, that this is
an ancient error, and that the only use of .steeping
is to separate the light wheat from the heavy.
The same author cited by the Doctor, suggests
that the smut only takes place when wet weather
occurs at the time of the wheat's being in flower.

and asks whether it is not probably owing to the
farina's being destroyed by the rain, and the con-
sequent faihire of impregnation of the embryo seed.
Dr. Darwin evidently leans to this opinion. Upon
this idea he suggests the sowing of the wheat in
rows considerably distant, and after a few days
sowing interme<liate rows, so that if wi;t weather
should destroy the anthers of one set of rows, the
alternate ones might supply the farina to their
stigmas when the weather becomes favorable.

Qiiere — Would the stigmas of those plants
which had done blowing, be in a comlition to re-
ceive any beueiit from the farina of thosK which
should blow some days after ? We confess that
we doubt it; still in places very subject to the
smut, it might he well to try this experiment.

5. Canker, or gaugrena vegetabilis, is what the
Doctor calls an ulcer of the hark, and is very des-
tructive to apple and pear trees.

Mr. Knight has remarked that this disease is
most apt to attack those fruits which have been
long known and cultivated, and supposes it to be
a disease of old age. It is sometimes occasionc'd
by blows and injuries from the hoe, spade or
ploiiL'h. When the hark is thus wounded, this
disease frequently ensues.

When a destruction of the bark is thus produc-
ed by external violence, it may possibly be cured
by the application of a piece of living bark from a
less valuable tree, nicely fitted to the wound and
bound on.

When the hark is idcerated by this cankerous
disease, the parts afl'ected should he nicely cut
out, leaving the edges of the wounil smooth, so as
to admit the air freely, and prevent the lodgment
of moisture, nint the depredations of insects.
Some thick white paint should then he laiil upon
the bard wood, or laburnum, which is thus expos-
ed which may prevent insects from touching it,
and also the rains and dews from rolling it. The
paint should be so spread as not to Knich the edges
of the bark, as it might injure their growth by
its poisonous quality.

6lh. The honey dew, which appears in the form
of small sweet drops on the surface of the leaves,
is supposed by Dr. Darwin to be a diseased exu-
dation or perspiration of the plant, but by others is
asserted to be the excrement of one species of in-
sect of the aphts kind. Dr. Darwin doubts this
latter opinion, because this aphis is often found <m
other trees and at other si'asons, without exhibi-
ting this phenomenon of the honey dew.

T\w. honey dew, is observed to prevail most in
hot dry weather, and sometimes produces the
death of the leaf, at other times it is followed by a
black powder like soot, which covers the surface
of every leaf. He suggests no remedy for this
complaint.

7. Sap Flow. This occurs when the alburnum,
or sap-wood of trees is wounded in the vernal
months, as in the birch and maple, and also in
the vine, branches of which not unfrequently
bleed to death. Another sap flow is said to ex-
ist about midsummer when the young buds are
Ibrming. Wounds at this season are therefore in-
jurious. When the loss of sap juice threatens the
injury of the plant, various remedies have been
applied by gardeners. Dr. Darwin thinks that a
piece of sponge bound close upon the woun<l
would be the most certain application, or a wire
twisted round the end of the branch cut oflf, so
tightly as to stop the circulation of juices, and to
destroy that pan which is above the ligature.

8th. Secretio gummosa, gniii secretion, a iiiorliiil
production of gum which issues from irres eiibfr
from internal disease or from w omuls. \S\un
this happens to cherry trees, a gniii e.sndes likw
jium arable, which in dry wealh«;r hardens and
thus prevents the further disiiiarge of this nutri-
tive material, otherwise the tree weeps away ils
life from deficient nnurishuieiit. This slieiild he
prevented from c<U)tiiiuing to How by bind nig on
the part, previously maile sniooih by a kiiile, a
metallic plate, such as the lead in which tea is
wrapped, so as to prevent rain or dew drops fr<ut»
dissolving the hardened gum. .\ bit of sponge or
solt leather, or India riiliber might be Ixmnd on
under the lead till the wiuumIis healeil. Might
not a strong solution of green vitriol in water or
some ink, if applied to these bleeiling ves.<ils,
stimulate them into contraction, and prevent the
I'urther eflusion of gum ?

ITEMS OF ECONOMY.

On Whlte-ivaslihg Fruit Trees. We have em-
ployed lime while-wash on the irniiks of apple tretfS
to very great advantage ; but we would caution
our friends against applying it to cherry trees, as
s<une cases have been repoiled to us, in which its
efl'ects are believed to have been highly pernicious.
We are inclined to think that the application of
ashes is also unfavorable to this kind of tree. —
Gen. Farmer.

The. Hoven in Caltk — is caused by their eating
too abundantly of green snccident food, as clover,
turnips, &c., and under bad management often
proves fatal. A pint of weak ley has been found
lo give relief. The Norfolk practice, according to^
Marshall, is to give a beast salt and water ; ami if
this fails, a horn of salt anil grease, warm. The
Annals of Agriculture directs, as a specific cure,
l.ev.:n hi the most desperate cases, the following
dose: three-quarters of a pint of olive oil, and one
pint of melted butter or hog's lard, to be adminis-
tered by means of a horn or bottle. As a preveii-.
live, cattle should not be turned into rank clover
while the dew is upon it, nor stiflered to conlinne
more than an hour or two in it at a time, when
uncropped. — Cultivator.

Hats manufactured by stenm. Messrs. Kenton &
Hare, are engaged in manufacturing hats entirelyi
by steam. 1

We have examined the model of their machine
at their store, and were much pleased with the
in"eiinity of its contrivance. Near the boiler is a'
cylindrical receiver, provided with dashers on tliB
inside, not unlike those of a churn. A pipe in the
centre conveys the steam from the boiler to the
calender, in which the nap is placed. The work-
man is released troiii having liis hands at all in the
hot water, as was the case on the old plan, and by
the increased heat, the finish of the article is ren-
dered much more complete and elegant. — U. S.
Gaz.

Flannel Factor;/. A company of gentlemen in
Rochester, N. H. we understand, are about putting
up a building 100 feet by 40, two stories high, to
be occupied by a new company of practical inaiiii-]
facturers, as a flannel factory. Their mill site It
a "ood fall, with abundance of water, — the power
sufficient tor very extensive operations. If suc-
cessful, it will add one more to a class of towns
unknown among us 20 years ago, but now of high
consequence as to their influence on business and
morals. — Portsmouth Journal.

VOL. XIll. NO. 13.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

aL^S^HORllCULTURAI^SOCIETY

At tlie iiieeliiig of (lie Society, held Stitunlay,
Se|>t. 27i(i, 183.4 —

The Kicoidiii^' Scrrt'tMiy read tlie follnwiiif,' li-t-
tPi- wliich lie had recfived rriiiii llie lion, .lohii (,'.
Oi-ay, ac<-oiii|iaiiii'd liy a copy of the address de-
livered on the 17lh of Se(itciidier.

•SiV, In ooin|iliance wiih the rer|!iest of tlie Ilcjr-
ticiihural Society, I have the honor of sidnnilliiij;
M their dis|iosal a co|iy of the address delivered at
Faneiiil Hall, on the ITlh iiist.

Your oh't serv,t. John C. Gray.

R. T. Paine, Esq. Secretaiy of ike Mass. Hoii.

Satiety.

Voted, that said letter and address be roinniit-
ted to E.Vose, CheeverNevvhall, anil }5. V. Frenih,
Es(|s. Willi iiislriictions to cause the same lo he
piililished ill the iiiaiiiier they may deem most ex-
pedient.

Voted, that A. H. Everett, W. Oliver, E. Vose,
J. C. Gray, J. T. Buckingham and K. T. Paine
he n Cominitlee to revise the hy-1aws of the Soci-
ety, and that said Committee he instructed to as-
certain wliether the oflice or title of Vice Presi-
dent is any where recognized in the Conslitiitioii
of the Society, and if not, to report vvliat further
measures are necessary in regard to the vote ol
Sept. 6, 183 4.

The thanks of the Society were voted to N.
Wallicli, Esq. for a valnalile donation of si;eds,
sent by him from Calcutta, and received through
the hands of the Corresponding Secretary. The
seeds were committed to the gardener of iMoiini
Auburn, and Mr. Wallicli's letter was ordered to
be printed in the New England Farmer.

The thanks of the Society were voted (o Llew-
ellyn D. Jones of New Bedford, for his valuable
and acce|)table donation of a chair of his own
manufacture, which was ordered to be jilaced in
the Hull of the Society, for the use of the officer
who may preside at its meetings.

The Committee of Finance made a report, accom-
panied by the following resolve, which was read
and passed, to wit :

Resolved, that the Committee of Finance be an-
tliorized to make an investment of any unappro-
priated monies in the treasury, not exceeding one
thousand dollars, in such stock as they shall deem
advisable ; the same to constitute an accuniulatiiig
fund, to be appropi-iated, whenever the ainonnl
shall be adetpiate thereto, to the purchase of a
place for the meetings of the Society.

The Committee appointed at the last meeting,
to consider and report on the expediency of ex-
punging the 11th and 15th sections of the bye
laws, and to nominate a list of persons whom they
recommend to be elected as officers for the ensu-
ing year, reported that in their opinion it was in-
expedient to ex|)unge said sections at any other
than a special meeting, and therefore recommend-
ed the further consideration of that subject to be
referred lo the first Saturday in December.

The same Committee reported a list of persons
whom they recommend to be elected officers for
the year ensuing, which reports of said Committee
were accepted, and the Recording Secretary was
requested to procure a sufficient number of the
lists of persons recommended by said Committee
to be provided for the use of the Society.

Lewis Joslyn, John Skinner, and George W.
Tyler of Chailestown were elected subscription
members. R. T. Paine, Rec. Secretary.

99

MB. WAI.I.ICH-S LErTER.

BOTAJV/CjIL OJiRDE^r, CALCUTTA,

21thMarrh,\%M.

Dear Sir — My friend Mr. Dixwell, proceeding
to ."Vew York by the Dover, has kindly taken
charge of ji box of seeds to your address, which I
hope; may arrive in good condition and prove
W(jrlliy of your acceptance. * * *

Permit me to offer my bumble services in any
maimer in which they n)ay be agreeable to yon,
and lo assure yon that I shall feel very liappy if
you will honor me by freely commanding them.

I am, with the highest esteem, yours &c.

N. VVallich.

Professor J. Bigetow,

Voter, Th.-it the thanks of the Society be pre-
sented to N. VVallich, Esq. for his valuable dona-
lion of Seeds, and that the same be placed in the
hands of the Society's gardener at Mount Auburn.

The ffdiowing is a List of the Seeds presented
by Mr. VVallich— viz :

Mimosa ferriiginia, Urtica scabrella. Mimosa
oclandria, lledysarum spe from Nepal, Ipomca spe
from Burma, Rondelitia tetandra, Melhania Hamil-
toliiana, Dolichos tuberosns, Hedysarum mnbella-
tiim, Eiipatoriiim candicans, Gelonium bifarium,
Melaleuca leiicadendron, Atragene Yeyl.-inica,
Nymphea Cyanea, Crotalaria trifoliastruin, Doli-
chos speciosa, Sida jK)lyandra, Hymenonea Cour-
baril, Vites s;iligna, Crotalaria vasculosa, Bombas
gossypiiiiim, Phillyrea robusta, Melaleuca cajuputi,
iVIimosa lencophlea, Beaumontia grandiflora. Con-
volvulus paniciilata, Bankinia purjiurea, Bignonia
spathacea, Urtica penduliflora. Convolvulus umbel-
latiis, Bankinia decandra, Flacceortia inermis, Leea
sangiiinea, Bankinea speciosa, Crotalaria tenuifolia,
Arteinesia lacteflora, Eiipatorinm vagans, Gmelina
villosa, Uviuia grandiflora, Mimosa lueida, Cono-
carpus hmifolia, Buddlea necunda, Ceonothus asia-
licus, Hedysarum triquetrnm. Clematis odorata,
Helicteris spicata, Galego Heyniana, Sida panicii-
lata, Callicarpa Reevesii, Nelumbiiim speciosum
alha, Wrightia inolissinia, Robinia fruticosa, Pan-
danus furcatiis, Hybiscus violacens, Uvaria odo-
latissima, Cacalia heiraceoides, Convolvulus lac-
tens, Convolvulus spe from Neelghary, Robin-
ia Candida, Hedysarum piirpureum, Bideus chi-
nensis, Hybiscus popiilnioides, Casearia glabra,
Kydia calycina, Elodia pulchella. Mimosa stipulata,
Elajodeiulriim glaiicuin, Bankinia bracliycarpa,
Gardenia lueida, Nauclea undulata, Croton Zigli-
iim, Cardiospermum canescens, Galega lancetdaria,
Helicteres piilchra, Grewia oppositifolia, Alstonia
oleandrifolia, Roumea floribunda, Casuarina inuri-
cata, Hedysarum paniculatum, Saiitalum album.
Mimosa Smithiaiia, Hybiscus Collinus, Ekebergia
indica, Herculia alata, Nymphea lotus, Pterosper-
mum lanceofolium, Alimosa elata, Hedysarum lat-
tifolium. Cassia arborescens, Crotalaria fulva,
Bankinia parviflora, Croton polyandrum, Glosso-
spermiini helulinum, Nauclea cadamha, Triumfetta
orl)iculata, — a species of Hymenola^na, Dec, ditto
Verbenacea, foot of the Himalaya, Feb. 1834, —
Rosa, ijiixiis, Ilullayto (A Syiiantherea & A Fu-
iiiariacea,) from the foot of the Himalaya, Jan.
1834, — Cliilla (Piiius excelsa), Kamoon near the
foot of Himalaya, Dec. 1833, — A Spirea Hyppo-
phaeconl'erta, a Deodora from the foot of the Ilim-
aiaya, in Kamoon, Feb. 1834, — No. 1 Saussurea
gossyphora, 2 Carduus ovallatus, 3 Hippbphie con-
ferta, 4 Rose spec, foot of the Himalaya Jan. 1834,
— Andromeda, Kamoon Feb. 1834 — Simonia, Ka-
moon Feb. 1834, — Pious Deodara.

The followiug is a List of Officers of the Mass.
Hort. Society, chosen on the 4th inst.

Prc*t(/e»i«— John Lowell, Roxbury.

rice Presidents— Zehedee Cook, Jr.* Boston ;
Elijah Vose, Dorchester ; Enoch Bartlelt, Roxbu-
ry ; S. A. Shurlleff, Boston.

yVeaiurer— William VVorthington, Dorcliester.

Corresponding Secretary— Jacob Bigelow, M. D.
Boston.

Recording Secretary— n. T. Paine, Boston.

Counsellors — Theodore Lyman, Jr. Boston ;
AugustusAspinwell, Brookline; Thomas Brewer,
Roxbury ; Henry A. Breed, Lynn ; Benj. VV.
Crowninshield, Boston ; Nathaniel Davenport,
Milton ; E. Hersey Derby, Salem ; Samuel Down-
er, Dorchester ; Oliver Fiske, Worcester ; B. V.
French, Boston ; J. M. Gourgas, Weston ; T. M.
Harris, M. D. Cambri<lge ; Samuel Jaqnes, Jr.
Charlestown ; Joseph G.Joy, Boston ; Wm. Ken-
rick, Newton ; John Lemist, Roxbury ; E. M.
Richards, Dedhain ; Benjamin Rodman, New Bed-
ford ; William H. Sumner, Dorchester; Charles
Tappan, Boston ; Jacob Tidd, Roxbury ; Jona-
than Winship, Brighton ; Aaron D. Williams,
Roxbury ; J. W. Webster, Cambridge ; Geo. W.
Pratt, Boston ; Geo. VV. Brimmer, do. David
Haggerston, Cambridge ; Charles Lawrence, Sa-
lem.

Professor of Botany and Vegetsble Physiology —
John L. Russell.

Professor of Pntomology—T. M. Harris, M. D.

Professor of Horlicidlural Chemistry — J. W.
Webster, U. D.

Standing Committee on Fruits — Elijah Vose,
Chairman; Samuel A. Shurtleff, Robert Man-
ning, Samuol Downer, William Kenrick, E. M.
Richardu, B. V. French, Saiuud Pond, Thomas
Mason, P. B. Hovey, Jr.

Committee on Products of the Kitchen Garden —

George C. i5arretf. Chairman ; Daniel Chandler,
Jacob Tidd, Aaron D. Williams, Leonard Stone,
Nathaniel Davenport.

Committee on Floivers, Shrubs, Sfc. — Jonathan
Winship, Chairman; C. M. Hovey, J. A. Kenrick,
Samuel VValker, Geo. W. Pratt, David Haggerston.

Committee on the Library — Elijah Vose, Chair-
man ; Jacob Bigelow, Zebedee Cook, Jr. George
W. Pratt, T. M. Harris, R. T. Paine, C. M. Hov-
ey Librarian.

Committee on Synonytns oj Fruits — John Low-
ell, Chairman ; Robert JManning, Samuel Downer,
William Kenrick.

Committee on the Garden and Cemetery — Joseph
Slory, Chairman ; Jacob Bigelow, George Bond,
Zebedee Cook, Jr. B. A. Gould, Joseph P. Brad-
lee, Charles P. Curtis, Samuel Appleton, Elijah
Vose.

Executive Committee — Zebedee Cook, Jr. Chair-
man ; George W. Pratt, Cheever Newhall, Elijah
Vose, Joseph P. Bradlee.

Committee of Finance — Elijah Vose, Chairnmn ;
Cheever Newhall, B. V. French.

We regret that circumstances, and want of room
compel us to postpone a list of the flowers pre-
sented at the Annual Exhibition of the Mass. Hor.
Society, notices of the weekly exhibition of Satur-
day last, &c. We hope to sujiply the deficien-
cies in our next paper, and in future give the earli-
est notices of the Society's transactions. — Ed.

* Zebedee Cook, Jr. resigned the office of Vice Presideul
and read liis Valedictory Address lo Ihe Meeling.

J 00

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBF.R R, IS?*,

From the Genesfe Fanner.
STORE-HOUSE AND STEAMING APPARATUS
FOR POTATOES, <fcc.

A WRITER ill the Southein Planter, whose re-
marks on fattening eattle iiiiil liogs were co|)ie(l in
a late niiinber of the Genesee Fanner, desires in-
formation upon the hest and most ecoiiondcal
mode of steani-hoiling food, as potatoes, pninpkins,
&c. on a large scale, for fattening hogs. — Tlie re-
marks of this writer upon the comparative value
of raw and boiled food, for tliis purpose, are very
just. The following is the mode practiseil hy a
young and enterprising fanner in this town, which,
whether it he the best that may be devised or not,
struck me as very convenient and excellent.

A cheap house was built, which served as a sly
for fattening the swine, a store-house for their
food, and a place to prepare it. To give a just
idea of it, it will be necessary to be somewhat mi-
nute in the description. The house, which is suf-
ficiently large to fatten 20 hogs, is about 38 feet
by 18, built low, and containing a loft to store the
food before it is prepared — potatoes, pumpkins, &c.
— from whence it is conveniently put into the
steaming box lielow. One end of the house is
I)artitioned off about 10 feet, which contains the
apparatus for preparing the food. The rest of the
liouse is divided off into pens, with a narrow pus-
sage along one side for carrying the food and de-
positing it in the troughs. A boiler, containing
|ierhaps a barrel in capacity, is set in an arch in
the corner, (a large iron kettle or canldrcjii will
answer every purpose.) In this is placed a tight
plank cover, with a short tube inserted in it for
the steam to pass off into the steam box. There
is another hole in this cover with a ping, for re-
plenishing the boiler with water. Tlie end of this
tube which jiasses into the sleam-box is madi^
very beveling, so that the box may easily he raisuil
from it. The box is an oblong, about 26 inches
square at the end, and holds about 8 or 10 bushels.
It is liung like a cart-body, one end resting over
the boiler on the tube, sloping a very little from
the boiler, to suffer some of the condensed steam
to pass off at the lower end. Lengthwise of this
box on the inside, directly over the hole that ad-
mits the steam, is nailed two narrow strips of
lioard full of holes, in a ridge form, to suffer the
steam to pass without interruption the whole
length of the box. Each end of the box is opened
by a slide or otherwise, for filling and emptying it.
When it is to be filled it is tilted up, which brings
the end whii-li rested on the boiler, into the lofi.
Filled and let down again upon the tube, it is
ready for the steaming operation. Two or three
lioiirs are necessary to steam this quantity of pota-
toes ; a mueli less time for pumpkins and apples.
When the heat however is once up, a second
batch may be boiled with a very considerable sav-
ing of find and lime. If potatoes are stcameil, the
condensed steam and juice which oozes out from
the lower end of the box, is suffered to run away,
as containing the narcotic jirinciple of the potato,
and probably deleterious : if pumpkins or apples
are steamed, it is conducted into the trough or vat
which is to contain the food. When the contents
of the box are sufliciently cooked, the box is tip-
ped up, the lower end opened, and the contents
emptied by a spout into the vat. The potatoes
are then jammed, and while hot u quantity of meal
is well mixed with them, which is cooked by the
Leat contained in the mass. If pumfikins and ap-
ples fu'8 to be mixed with the potatoes, they are to

he steamed by themselves, as reqiiirmg noi so long
a time to cook. The mass, well mixed, is sulFi.retl
to sour a little, when it is in a lit slate to fi;eil.

On this food hogs will fatien very l-i.-t. To
give hardness and sweetness lo llie pork, it is wcTi
to feed, for a few of the last weeks, on corn alone.
The apparatus we have described for steam-boiling
may he diminished or enlarged, according to the
amount of i'ood necessary to be prepared. — Other
modes may be adopted ; but this, on account of
its simplicity and convenience, especially for pre-
paring food on a large scale, commends iisrlf lo
adoption. \V. \V. U.

Hammond sport, Sep. 8, 1834.

From the Maine Farmer.
APPL.es for UOCiS.

I BEGAN to fri'd my hogs upon apples on the
tenth of the eighth month (August) and 1 thought
that they gained very fast, lint I wished to know.
I therefore took a pig 4 moiilhs oid, weighing 95
pounds, and kept him 18 days as fuliovv.s — first I
gave him 2 bu.ihels of sour apples boiled wiih 6
quarts of oat and pea meal, weighing 4 1-2 pomiils.
At the end of six days he weighed 101 poniids,
gaining 1 lb. i)er day. 1 then kept him G days
ii[)nn the same quantity of boiled sweet apples
and meal, at the end of which time he weighed
107, gaining the same as before. 1 then kept him
6 days on lioiled potatoes and inacil, giving him
the same quantity as of the apples and meal, and
he weighed 112 lbs. gaining only five lbs. — during
this time I gave him noihing else, not even weeds;
no doubt he would have gained much more fed in
the usual way of mixing the milk, &c. with it,
but I wished to try a fair experiment, and there-
fore gave him noihing but the aliove stated. Pork
at 5 cents per lb. would give me 12 3-4 cents per
bushel for the apples, and one cent per lli. for the
meal, and the potatoes amount to only 10 1-4
cents per bushel. Feeling entirely satisfied my-
self, I thought it might be of some benefit to com-
municate it to others, and recommend those who
have oiciiards not to cut them down, but rather
cultivate more, f(U' if we can raise the great staple,
pork, from our orchards, is it not worth attending
to.' or instead of making cider for $1 \>er barrel,
which will not pay the expense of making? You
may also obtain your fuel from your orchard, for
an orchard well pruned will afford enough to lioil
the apples. Hogs are more fonil of sour apples
than of sweet, when boiled; and I consider them
worth full as much, though doubtless the sweet
are worth the most when raw.

Paine Wingate.

IMlowdl, 9 mo. 1834.

NATIVE CATT1.E.

IIavi.no lately observed a new property in the
native breed of cattle belonging to Mr. Ralph lias-
kins of Koxbury, lain desirous to inquire through
the medium of your paper, whether there are any
other ones possessing a similar quality.

This quality consists in the remarkable richness
of the milk and cream, the latter of which when
separated from the milk for the space of twelve
hours, becomes of the (-onsistence of a baked cus-
tard, and may be turned upside down without any
harm, or spread on like butter. Cream in this
state has been repeatedly carried into State street,
and gentlemen in the Insurance offices have churn-
ed it, and brouglit the butter iu less than a ininnte.

Mr. Ilaskins stales that notwithstnudiiig the

ricliiiHss of the cream, the milk after it is >kuiiii i^
iiini'h richer than conimoii skim milk, and the
cows also give as much as oilicrs usually dii.

He has received pieiiiiimis at Hii^liloii for two
of them, one of which we uiidersland he iiasiali'ly
sold for 150 dollars.

If any of your reailers have ever known such
an iiislance before, they would much oblige a sub-
scriber if they would meiiiion it in your paper. —
Boston Jidvorate. B.

CATTLE SHOWS.

" Tills wnjld IS nil a ' ruU/e^ sbow.''

As we cuUivali; a small paicli of mangel wiirt-
zel, potatoes and onions, and keep a <*ovv, (d'coucse
we belong to the Agricidlural Society, which held
its exhibition at Winthnq), on Wi'driesday last.
The (lay was very line anil the concourse large.
It was gratifying lo see a great number of farmers
take an interest in the Sorit^ty, which is the lar-
gest and most efiicient we believe in the State.
Perhaps the eatile exhibited were not mnch better
than they were lust year, but they appeared belter,
for the weather was wet and cold last year and
the caitle restless. A procession was ibniied a
little before one o'clock, and escorted to one of
the fiictory buildings, where a most excellent din-
ner was provided for the Society by Mr. Shaw.
The large loom was nearly filled. Among the
fruits of the season with which the table was load-
ed in profusion, were some choice peaches, pears,
and melons, presented by the lion. Beiij. Vangli-
au, of liallowell, from bis garden. As we did
not attend on the second day, \ve are not inform-
ed how the premiums were awarded. Doubtless
the Maine Fanner next week will have a full ac-
cooniofthe exbiliilioii, which we shall copy.

The beneficial efi'ect of these exhibiiions we
think is obvious. They aiil in projiagaiing betti r
Ineeds ol' callle, better knowledge of agrii-ulliire.
Great credit is due lo a few intelligent limners of
W'inthrop and that vicinity for their persevering^
efforts in past years to siisUiin this Society. U
now appears to bo prosperous, but a conlinuance j
of the same efforts is necessary to kee[) it iu sue- I
cessful Ojiernlion. — Kennebeck Jownal. i

From the Maine Ftirmer, |
CATTliE snow AND FAIR. '

The annual Cattle Show and Fair of the Ken-
nebec County Agricultural Society, took plai-e oi»
the 17th and 18th nil. The weather was delight-
lid, and considering that military reviews were
held in the neighboring towns on both days it was
well attended.

In a few res[iects the show was better than that
of last year — hut in many other respects it was
not so good. The show of heifers ami milch
cows was as good or belter than last year. — Some
fine cattle of the last description belonging to Mr.
.Sanford Howard, and some from Blr. Charles
Vanghaii's herd — some also belonging to Mr. Slur-
levant — and others whose owners we did not
know. The fine blooded bull, " Maine Denton"
b(doiiging to Capi. Pierce, of Readtield, was upon
the ground, as was also Darlington, a full blood
bull of good points, belonging to Major Thing, of
Mount Vernon. Many other bulls of various grades,
sh.-qies and pretensions were also exhibited.

The show of working oxen was not quite equal
to hist year. That of horses and mares was inor*
numerous, and boine elegant horses were broughl
out.. The Swine dcpartuient was well filled, but

vol.. XIH. TIO. 13.

AND HOIITICULTLJIAL JOURNAL.

101

•w« think ii((t lielter lli.ui :it the last show,
sliecp tli«re wns not so nmiiy.

Till"! iHiitiber <if piiaiiiiliu-tiiri^il iinii-h's vvjis not
so »:r«'.it as wo wusht-il to sti;. VVhiit wi'irj cxhihi-
t«(l <li<l credit iii ifeiii'i'.-il to ihe iiiaiiiiriictiirii', liiii
we re^n-et to see so little iiilerest tiikeii in lliis de-
|<,ii-tJ4ient. Perhaps the Society wonld do well to
itestown little more eiieouraijeineiit upon such ar-
ticles. Some fiiic'ly loriiied aM<l well made plonglis
were upon the <.'rouiid, oCwhicli we noticed lljose
made hy Col, Stone, Gardiiicr, were partictdarly
iieatly made.

Articles from the Dairy, Cell short hoth as it re-
gards tjiiarttity <ind (piaiiiy. We do not wish to
say that the butter and cheese exliil)ite<l was iioi
jrood, lull there was not eiioti^di ol' it, neither was
jt perfect. Oir Dairywomen must rouse np. Ii
will never do to he so Cur in the hack j:romid.
-\ndiCthe Society caii adopt some tnode to in-
•crease the interi'st in these tiiinj^s, it will not ln'
lost. Had there lieen an alumdance oC these urti-
■cles of first rate qiialily, tliey would have sold
well nj.>oii the spot.

The <liniier was served hy A. M. Shaw, with
Itis usual skill and good Care. Specimens oCgrapes,
iiieloiis, peaches and pears, were sent up hy the
iarnier's old uiidtrivd Criend, Mr. Belijjuniii Vaiigli-
«n, of IJallowell. They excited renewed and live-
ly scHtiments of respect for oiie who will he held
in hifili reffard while living, anil whose memory
will lie cherished with gratitude and veneration
liereafter.

On Thursday the ploii;.'hin>r match took place,
which e\cited niiic:h interest and animation, and
the work was done np in good style; after which
Xlie Society repaired to the nieeliug Irouire and
listened with deep interest to an able and very ap-
j.ropriate address from the Rov. Mr. Thmston,
when the several reports were rea<l.

The Choir performed their part with spirit, and
to the no small satisfaction of the audience.

On the whole th«re were many things to call
forth feelings of satisfaction anil gratilmie, and
iiut few for animadversion. Those few we hope
!n>t to see again.

appeare<l like a blood sucker. j\ow what 1 wish
to know is, whether a wart on an aninml bear the
same relation to it as a jiarasite to a tree, fen- so it
appeared, and what is tlje best method to get rid
of them. If some of your seientitic correspon-
dents will give us an a<;oouni of the warl, and
how to eradicate it, they will confer u henelit on
many farmers. '|' |j_

We

pre-
now ar-

Froni the Getiiisee Farmer,
■\VAKTS IN CATTt,E.

As 1 observe in your last nundier that the sub-
ject of the <lisesses of Sheep and Cattle is taken
up, I will give yflu a few injfierfect hints, hoping
.some one more able will continue it for the bene-
fit of your readers.

I had it steer which had a number of warts
•with one on the neck as large as a man's fist. Some
said that if I cut it oQ\ he would bleed to death,
wliich I was fearful of, thinking it probably pro-
ceeded from a lockage of some blood vess'el. I
found he .lid not thrive, and the warts were com-
ing out thick on him, and I concluded to try cord-
ing the largest, and then cut it off. It bled none
^f consequence, and all the rest disappeared with-
out my help, to my great surprise, and much to
the look* and advantage of the steer, for be imme-
[liattly began to thrive. This was a year ago last
spring. I had a heifer, afflicted in the same way,
with a number of warts of considerable size. J
liad her fastened np, with the intention of cutting
'.hem all off, without the trouble of cording. In
|loing this, I took hold of one, and by a sudden
lerk of the animal, I found the wart in my hand,
levered from the skin, and uo blood scarcely com-

t'ruiii tlte ijifiinsKe Farmer,
THE SECKEl, PEAR.
reed with our respected correspondent,
immediately on reading his letter at page 193 oC
oin- oiMient volume, that " the name of the gen-
tleman who fiist cultivated the fruit," was also the
true name of tills noted pear; and consequently
that his uniform practice of spelling his own name
must he staiiuard ortbograj)hy. Unwilling to de-
pend solely on our own recollections, however,
ihoiigh very distinct — and desirous that the point
in ditierence should be speedily brought to a close,
we wrote without delay to our obliging and intel-
ligent li-iemi, Daniel Longstreth, of Hucks Co. for
more particular and positive inliirniation. liis
knowieilge of the city well qualified him for the
task, and tliongh unexpected circumstances
vented an immediate answer, yet it bus
rived, and we present it herewith :

" The land on which the original tree stands
belonged to Lawrence Seckel, a distinguished and
public spirited merchant of Philadelphia. His
store was in Market sireet. For many years he
was one of the managersof the Pennsylvania Hos-
pital. He owned a row of houses on tlie west
side of Eighth street, from Mulberry to Filbert
street, known by the name of Seckel's Row ; and
a street in that city still bears the name of Seckel.
It is well known that Lawrence Seckel always
spelt his name in this manner."

From the same source we also learn that about
two years ago, Joshua Longstreth of Philadeljihia,
a merchant of great respectability and distinciiou
in company with the Secretary of the Massachu-
setts Horticultural Society, paid a visit to the orig-
iiud tree. It stands in " the Neck" about 5 miles
below the city, and about one mile above the con-
duence of the Delaware ami Schuylkill rivers, on
alluvial soil. One side of the trunk was decayed
and gone, but the other part appeared healthy,
with vigorous branches well loaded with fruit. It
had every mark of an ancient tree.

From Lawrence Seckel this projierty passed in-
to the posseesion of the late Stephen Girard and
it is now held by the corporation of Philadelphia.

V.

ihan it has when just out of the oven. It not oidy
has more nutriment, but imparts a much greater
.legr^e iif cheerfulness. He that eats old ripe
bread will have a much greater flow of animal
spirits than he would if he were to eat unripe
broad.

Dread as bef(u-e observed, discharges carbon and
iiidiibes oxygen. One thing in connection with
ibis thought should be particularly noticed by all
hou.sewives. It is, to let the bread ripen where it
can inhale the oxygen in a pure state. Bread will
always taste <if ilie air that siirroumls it while ri-
pening— hence it should ripen where the i.ir is
pure. It sboiild never ripen in a clelar, nor in a
close cnpboaid, nor in a bed-room. The noxious
vafiors of a cellar or a cupboard never should enter
into and form a part of the bread we eat. The
writer of this article has often eaten bread of this
kind, and has felt strongly dispnsed to lecture the
mistress of the liouse on the subject of keepin'^
bread in a pure atmosphere. Everyman and wo-
man ought 10 know that nii:ch of health and com-
fort depends upon the melhoil of preparing their
fooil. Bread should he light, well baked and prop-
trbj ripened, before it should be eaten.

Medicus.

/ roin the O'awsee Fanner.
SWEET AND SOUR APPIE.

I OBSERVE some of your readers are puzzled in
regard to the productiou of the half sweet and half
sour apple. The writer of this has often, not only
seen, but handled, fruit of this description. An
amateur neighbor has olieii sported with dame
Nature in this way. He takes half of a bud, cut
petijietidiroJarly from two sorts of apple trees, and
uiiiling thrill as if they were one, ihey are well in-
serted, and tlie work is done. If I should succeed
on my reuirn home from my travels, in findin"
them as rendily when sought as when unlocked for ,
1 will endeavor lo send you one that you also may
taste and satisfy the doubters. A Travelleii.

ug out o( the pkce where it stuck

RIPE BREAD.

Bread made of wheat flour, when taken out of
the oven or skillet is unprepared lor the stomach.
It should go through a change, or ripen before it
is eaten. Young persons, or persons in the en-
joyment of vigorous health, may eat bread imme-
diately after being baked without any sensible in-
jury from it, but weakly and aged persons cauiiot,
and none can eat such without doing barm to the
digestive organs. Bread after being baked goes
through a change similar to the change in newly
brewed beer, or newly churned butter-milk nei-
ther being healthy until after the change. During
the change in bread it sends off a large portion of
carbon, or unhealthy gas, and imbibes a large por-
tion of oxygen, or healthy gas. Bread has accord-
ing to the computation of the physicians in Lon-
ou, for so it|dou, one-fifth more nutriment in it when ripe,

A SOBER CALCULATION.

A YOUNG man who earns from six to eiglit or
ten dollars per week, and spends but three or four
of it in boarding, and what besides is necessary
tor comfort and convenience, may lay up from one
lo two linndred dollars yearly toward setting up
lor himself at a proper time. If the capital re-
(jniivd be not large, in three or four years he may
<'alculate upon being a master instead of a jour-
neyman. This is one view — obvious to be sure
hut not Ihe less important.

Another view is, and one which too often pre-
sents itself — if a young man, instead of thus laying
up the chief part of his wages, spends it all, or
nearly so, in idle Sunday excursions and frivolous
evening balks — or billiard-playing, or any other vi-
cious or imprudent pursuit, he may calculate upon
remaining a journeyman through life ; and if not
brought through evil communication to the state
prison or the gallows will in all probability termi-
nate his mortal career in some poor house unpitied
anil des|)ised. This is another view of the case
equally obvious as the last; and yet how often are
hoth of them lost sight of to the ruin of youth.

To lure to the one, let the other be kept sight
of But from every vicious course, youth will find
no surer protection than religion. If they seek
and find that, all temporal safety and properity will
follow, and eternal happiness be the glorious issue.
Piety is the parent of every virtue, itnpiety of ev~
ery vice.

102

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 8, Ifi34.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEUNESDAY EVKNI.NG, OCT. 8, 1834.

WITHERED I.KAVES ON TREES.

J. D in the Gardener's Magazine, observes, '• It is
Stated that in Normandy, children go about with liglited
torches of rye straw, for the purpose of burning the
lichens, mosses, and dead leaves on the apple trees.
Without offering an opinion on the merits of any mode
for removing the persisting dead leaves, it may be safely
remarked, that to remove them is most judicious and
desirable. When leaves, which should fall in autumn,
remain, though dead, through the winter on fruit and
other trees, such d{'ad leaves, on examination, will com-
monly be found to be but the envelopes of so many clus-
ters of eggs, or pupER of insects, which the sunshine of
spring will p.vcite to life and voracity just at the time
that the e.vpanding leaves of the trees have become eli-
gible food for their sustenance."

the winter, will hold the paint more than twice as long 1 cut the shoot half through, just below the pot, so as tO
as one painted in warm weather. The reason is obvious | increase the number of roots, which will he formed about
for when paints are applied in cold weather, the oil i <liis lime in the soil contained in the pot. In the course
other inirredients form a hard mnr.nt. on the surfiici of Hi" month of October, according to the season, cut

with other ingredients form a hard miir.nt on the siirfiii
of the clapboards, which cannot easily be erased; where-
as a building painted (as usual) in the heat of summer
will socm need a new coat ; for the hi a' causes the oil to
penetrate into the wood, and leaves the otlier component
parts dry, which will soon crumble oif."

PACKING GRAPES.

The following is the mode of packing grapes which I
adopted with success for many years, having to send
them nearly three hundred miles. A box having been
prepared, a bed of clean wool well separated, was laid in
ll)e bottom, on which a layer of grapes wps placed, each
bunch being separately enveloped in tissne paper. A
portion of wool was then introduced between each bunch,
and all the interstices filled up with it, and then a layer
of wool put over the top. For a second layer, a small
ledge of wood was fixed at each end of the box at the
level wanted, and a thin board made to fit in easily, so
as to fall down upon the ledges ; in the board there were
two finger-holes made with an inch centre bit ; and the
board, being fixed down upon the ledges with a couple
of small brads at each end, driven in half-way. A sec-
ond layer of grapes was laid in as above, and so on for a
tliird layer, if wanted. The finger holes I found very
convenient for getting out the board, after drawing the
small brads with a pair of pincers. In cases where wool
is an object or it may be thought too expensive, moss
well dried, cleaned and threshed, will be found a tolera-
bly good substitute ; but the superior elasticity of the
wool renders it preferable. — T. Rutgers in Loudon's Mag.

PURIFYING VIATEK.

Powdered alum possesses the property of purifying
water. A large table spoonful of pulverized aluuj,
sprinkled into a hogshead of water, (the water stirred
briskly round at the time) will, after the lapse of a few
hours, by precipitating to the bottom the impure parti-
cles, so purify it that it will be found to possess nearly
all the freshness and clearness of sjiring water. Four
gallons, it is said, may be purified by a single tea spoon-
ful.

the shoot quite through, and remove the pot, with the
vine, laden with from twelve to twenty bunches of fruit,
to a dry airy room, with a northern exposure; iiere wa-
ter occasionally, till the leaves drop off, but no longer.
Thus treated, the fruit will keep good on the vine till
the end of February, preserving its natural flavor. The
best sort for this purpose is the White Sweetwater.

COOKING POTATOES.

Of all the good things which nature produces, through
the patient industry of farmers, there is nothing which
is so agreeable to the palate as the potato, nor any one
vegetable so universally esteemed ; yet this is so fre-
quently rendered unpalatable by the manner of cooking
it, that but comparatively few are acquainted with the
real flavor of this esculent root. Lovers of mealy pota-
toes will do well to attend to the following method com-
municated to us by a lady of this town, whereby potatoes
a year old may be rendered as delicious as new ones boil-
ed in the common manner. Pee! them, put them into
cold water, and let them remain two or three hours ;
then boil them in water which has been salted, observ-
ing that it boils when they are put in ; pour off the wa-
ter when they are done, shake them well for a short
time, put them on the fire again, and at the expiration of
ten or fifteen minutes they will be ready for the table. —
Lancaster CluzeUe.

DRAINS AND SEWERS TO POPULOUS TOWNS.

In Loudon's Magazine, we find the following remarks,
under the head General Results of a Gardening Tour
through several Totcns in Scotland :

» '• The system of drainage or sewerage, in these towns,
is as bad as in most English ones. All towns situated
on rivers or streams drain into them, instead of into
main sewers constructed parallel to their sides. This is
a most important point in the system of town arrange-
ment ; and though it has been utterly neglected in the
case of London, and the waters of the Thames have be-
come, in consequence, unfit for use, yet this ought rather
to have served as a warning beacon for provincial towns,
than as an object of imitation. The omission of such
sewers in Scottish towns is the more remarkable as the
inhabitants are fully aware of tlie value of liquid manure,
a great quantity of which might be thus saved from
waste. If tlie evil be not checked speedily, it will be
found a very serious nuisance at no distant period, when,
in addition to contaminating the air, it has polluted the
only waters accessible to the poor.

To render these sewers efficient for all the purposes
for which they are calculated, they should be commenced
farther up the river, and be continued farther down its
banks, than the town reaches ; and their lower extremi-
ties should deliver their contents into a pond for evapor-
ation, at least a mile from the town. In many situations,
instead of evaporating the water in the pond, it might
be employed, as it comes from the town, to irrigate ad-
joining grass lands, or pumped up into water carts, to be
used in various ways as liquid manure. In some cases
it might be worth while to erect a small steam engine
and scoop-wheel, like those in tlie fenny districts, for the
purj)ose of raising the comparatively thinner waters of
the sewer to an elevated channel, which channel might
convey them to a distance, for the jmrpose of irrigation.
By having two ponds for the deposit, the dense mud of
the one jmnd would be drying, while the otlier poad was
filling ; and the mud being deposited, as in the case of
the ponds near Paris employed in evaporating the mate-
rial, whicli forms the poudrettt.

PAINTING HOUSES.

A writer for the New England Farmer, whose com-
munication was published vol. i, page ;)14, says, " I be-
lieve it is a general practice for people to do their paint-
ing sometime during the three summer months ; but
repeated experiments have been made within a few years,
which prove that a house painted late in autumn, or in

To preserve Grapes for the Table during the
Winter Months, which have been ripened in
the open Air.

In the spring, before the buds have begun to swell,
take a healthy well ripened shoot of the preceding year,
and draw it up through the bottom hole of a flower pot,
of about I.') inches in diameter; then fill the pot with
rich soil, and cover both the soil and the outside of the
pot with moss, to keep in the moisture. Water now and
then, according to the season. By the end of August

From the Anient Register.

HORTICULTURAIj EXHIBITION AT BRAD-
FORD.

As a further descri|)tiuii of tlie Hortieiiltiiral ex-
hiliitinn which took plnce in the Hail of the fller-
riiiiaek Ais'uleniy, al Biadfiml, on Wednesilay,
the 24lli Septemlter, 1834, than has yet heen giv-
en, friay lie interesting to yrmr readers, I therefore
coiiiiniiiiieate it to yon. This Exhihition was iin-
iler the direction of Prere|itor Morse, Principal of
the Academy in this place. It consisted of up-
wards of 300 varieties of plants, (natives and exot-
ics) most of which were then in flower. These
were arranged on two taldes in the central part of
the Hall, about five feet distant, leaving room to
pa.ss on the outside. On these tallies were placed
ill regular order, vessels, each <if which with few
exceptions, contained a large variety of flowers,
exhibiting in splendor all the colors imaginable,
and together with this lieaiitifii! display of flowers,
was exhibited a large collection of various deli-
cious fruits, many of which were cultivated in gar-
dens ill Salem, and others in this village. On the
stage, at flie liead of these tables, there gtood in
pots, a variety of biennial and perennial plants, in
tlie centre of which was standing an elegant Rosa
Multiflora, owned and eiiltivatediiy Mr. Morse. The
Hull being triiiiiiied with evergreen, added much
to the interest of this spectacle. The donations
of genilenien in S.ilein, which consisted of several
of the imist beamiful bouquets of flowers, together
with a variety of fruits, highly contributed to the
iieautifieation of this scene. It was obviously
manifest on that day, that a ileep interest is felt in
the cultivation of flowers and fruits in this place.
The yard in front of the Academy being somewhat
spacious, afl'ords ample room for the cultivation of
plants, and also fur a place of exercise for the stu-
dents. About two years since, the Preceptor be-
ing a gentleman whose whole attention is devoted
to the cause of education, and to the best methods
of facilitating it, thought it to be expedient for
the improvement of the interest of Botany among
those connected with the institution, to occupy a
portion of this yard as a garden, in which is to be
cultivated plants for the special benefit of the
School. In this garden are two hnnilred varieties
of plants, many of which were in flower on the
day of Exhibition. The advantages which are
.■ifforded by this garden to the School, and jiartic-
ularly to those sturlying the science of Botany,
cannot lie too highly a|ipreciated ; for, on the one
hand, to acquire any thing like what is now called
a good knowledge, theoretically, is in many in-
stances for tlie want of a sufficient length of time,
impracticable ; while, on the other hand practi-
cally teaching this science, not only renders it
much less laborious to the instructer, but far les«
time is required in accomplishing the work, and a
more thorough knowledge by the pupil is obtain-
ed. To those connected with this institution, who

VOL.. VIII. NO. 13-

AND IIOllTICULTCRAL JOURNAL.

103

Ciimi(»t at ttiK present time iimku it c-oiivefiii;iit ti> ; '^-^SSACiiiSETTs H011TICU1.TUUAL. sociKTV.

8l<((ly ftlK science oC Butatiy, ii* iiff'onled Ull excel- ,'''"''■ "'V''"'''^" "'"''"' Socieiy. are hereliy noiilicd ihai an
1 . , , , ■ . , acljimnii-il inuclni" ihiTcui, lur iljo purpose ol' tilliin' aijy va-

lent 0|(|)i.rtiiiiity to learn tlie lior.-inical iind coni- I camies ih.u luayexisi in ihe list olottit-ers, will be held at ihe

liall III Market slii'el, oci .Saturday iiexl, al II o'clork.
Uc. 7. ItOlilittl' T. I'Ai.NK, Jle.ordMig Secretary.

Inim names iif this great v.-iriely of|ilants (racli lie-
in^ lalielled) wliicli will, wiilnint any farther
kimwleilge of the sciennt, |niilialily lie in the
(VMuse of tlieir live.<, of -jreat utility to tliein.
Siicli are aiming the ni.iny advantages afforded liy
the eiiltivaiion of (lowers in coiineclioii wilh
iSchool.s. The exain|ile of Air. Hlorse in this res-
pect, as well as in others, is nncinestionahly wor-
thy the imitation of ali iMstrnetejs favoralily
ted to the proinotioii of this ohject.
Bradford, Sept. 30, 18.S I.

I'KICKS OK CO UN THY PKODUCL

FoK Side, a lew pairs ol line Jirenien (jeese hy

UKuKtili; C. li.vKUE'I'T.

'J'liis d.iy ler-eivetl dircel Iloni Uollatul. a >pleinnd collection
ol Duubit and .-iuiglK HVAei.sTHs, 1'ulva.\mhis, ^.\ki issus.
duuhe and sinjiK Jo>iiUiLl.s, CkuW'.n IftirtniAL CltuJiUS,
itna- *-»^-^L»lwl,US ol sons, l''KlTTt,Ll.Ji.llAS AmaKVI.LIs, tiLC.

p I t.fcU. C. UAIUiElT.

i AtM) iliiirluiid bted iS(ore

I The
lorlall

MARKETS.

Hoston, Oct. ijtii, l!^?4. H<irs. Durinir the last week "> "'"'' "■■ "dietwiae. Caiuiogues lo Lie had grans upon ap-

Jj-liUlT AMD OKMAMEMTAI, TllEES.

joselilier is now prepared lo receive orders lor trees
ttins out, and die lie?l aUeiilion will be paid lo oider.s

tlicre liave been about dOO bales of the new crop taken '
at 18 cts 1st sort, and l(ic per lb. 2d sort, cash ; but few
as yet have come in for inspection.

ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.

fVoTrrstrr i'tttth; Hlwio. The annual Cattle Show and
Fair, for the County of Worcester is held this day,
Wednesday, 8th Oct.

The Newport N. H Spectator, of the 30th ult. says
*■' snow fell briskly upon the hills this morning. A trav-
eller, a few miles below, meeting another, covered with
snow, inquired how far he would go with wheels."

A very respectable meeting was held on the 2d ult. at
Davis Ball Room. New Orleans, in pursuance of pre-
vious understanding, with a view to adopt measures to
decrease the number of duels. It is proposed to establish
1 " Court of Honor." with such other regulations and
by-laws as may conduce to the beneticial object in view.

Steam jVar/tratlon in India. Among the supplies late-
ly voted in the British Parliament, was the sum of £20 -
.)U0, to assist in the experiment of a conimiiiiicitU^ wdth
India, by steam conveyances. Two routes are under
L'onsideralion for the regular line of communication ;
ine with Bombay through the Red Sea, the othVr by the
Euplirates and Persian Gulf The expense of the eom-
inunication is to be borne jointly by the British and In-
lia Governments. Tlie communication bv the Red
Sea is to be first established, but as it is supposed that
Iho other route, in certain seasons of the year may afford
superior advanlages, and as the experiments by the Red
Sea have been made by the East India Company, at an
expense of 00 or £70,000, the Committee of the House
rif Commons recommend the appropriation of the above
sum for experiments on the other route.

15,UUU PKACH TKKH,!;.

Genlleinen deslious ot lorinlng; orchards ol the Pi
are olluicd a eupiuil selection oj die linesl Kinds.
Appi> to VUlLIAW KKiNUICl's., Jveuion.

ich tret
ocl 1

NOTICE TO HOR.TICUL,TURISTS.

A new plioi for lab.'llins; Plants, Trees and Flowers, which
ivill be round valuable lor durabiliiy and coiiveiiieiuc, lias in-
luced ihe Subscriber lo prop<ise lo I'liniish ZINC L.\BELS,
iviih the name ol'llic Tree, Plant or Flower desired, so written
ipon il as lo defy lime lo ohiilerale il. Those who wish to be
urnishedwilh Iheni will .send a hit of such names as arewant-
■d. The Znc Tickets written upon will be furnished al from
SI lo JgI.oU per 1(10. Try thkm.

OC S GEO. C. BARRETT.

FOREST TREES.

WiM. MANN, Bangor, Me. will execute orders in the most
failhlul manner lor the lollowing kinds, viz.

Arbor V'ilri or While Cedar,

Mouiilain .Ash or Roundwood,

Birch, all varieties,

llackmeiac Lareh or Juniper,

Hemlock.

Pino, dilferciit varieties,
All who are desirous of procurin:,

Iheir interest before buying elsewhere lo write per mail staling
Ihe kinds, quantities, the manner in which to be packed, iStc!
&c. and terms and particulars will be given.

Orders if more convenient maybe left wilh Mr. GEO. C.
BARRETT, of the Agricultural Warehouse, where prices
current may be seen. 8w sept 2i

Ash, all varleiies,
Basswood or Tulip Tree,
American Elm,
Hornbeam,
IVlaple, all varieties.
Spruce, &:c. i.^c.
a (inanlily will find it for

FOKWST TREES.

run, subscriber liamif; nad several years experience in
services lo me public in

li

tenUe

Ins

procuring 1
that line.

He is ready at any time luexecule orders lor the deciduous
and evergreen tree* eonnnon lo ihe eouiiiy oi Kennetiec.

Arbor Vila;, Spruce, Fur, Pnie, Heinlook, Larch, Ash, Ma-
ple, basswood, Mounlaiii Asli, Tree Cranberry, (,i very prelly
»lirub) lorin a pan ol ilie Laialogue of iree^ and shiub= wincn
he Is 111 the piaclice ol outaining.

Uiieci to ZACHEUS GOLUSMITH, Gardiner, Me.

Gardiner, Alt. August iMIi, I8JJ,. bw. S. 17

CORN CUTTERS.

This implement, though a coniinon article, is one of the
mosl hauily and uselul tools dial is used on a larin. A lew
very superior cast slecl may be had al die Agriculiural Ware-
Likeivise — Cast Sieel Corn Forks, lor loading corn

Sep. 10.

house
11 llle field

NOTICE.

An experienced farmer would like lo hire or take Ihe supers
inleiiduaceol a larin in die vicinily of Boston. Good relereu-
ces Cell be given. Inquire al Ihis oftice.

SITUATION WANTED.

An experienced gardener wilh his wile would like a situ a
Hon as such. Good reconimeiidalions will be produced.

Enquire at this ortice. oct 1

FARM FOR SALE AT AUCTION.

WILL be sold at Public Auction on WEDNESDAY,
the TwKNTY-fiiNTH day of Oelober nexi, at 'i'vvo o'clock
111 the allernooii. upon the premises, all that Farm which be-
longed to Asa Parker, Esq. lale ol Jafl'rey, deceased, siiuaied
lu ilie nonh-easierly pan ol said JaHrcy, esiiniaied lo coniain
TWO HU.NUKjiu a.vu FIFTY acres, more or less — bounded
norlh on Peler Davis and die highway ; east on Joseph Saun-
ders, the highway and land of the children ol Ande Holmes;
south on Ihe clnldren ol said Holmes and Samuel Patrick ; anu
west ou Joseph Hodge, Levi Fisk and others.

Said Farm is well worthy the attention of purchasers, having
upon it a Dwelling House of two slories, two Barns, and other
convenient buildings, is well wooded and watered, suitably di-
vided iulo Tillage, Mowing and Pasturing— and is valuable as
a stock, or sheep farm.

There are also upon it three or four hundred thrifty young
MULBEKKv TRKEs, so that the purchaser can immediately
make arrangements to commence the manufacture of Silk.

The righi of dower of ihe widow, and the shares of all the
heirs, will be sold together, and a complete title given, and die
farm will be ofl'ered entire, or in Jots that may best suit pur-
chasers.

A small part of the purchase money will be reciuired on the
execution of the deed — for the residue, a credit will be "iven
on mortgage, if desired. *

EDMUND PARKER, ) Guardians for the
STEPHEN JEWETT, 5 Minor Heirs.

Jatfrev, N. H.Sepi. 17, 183-i.

ApfLKS, russets,

liKAA's, while

Bkkf, llie.^s, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prune,

BkI'^svva.x, (American) . . '.
ItUTTKK, inspected, No. I , new,

CHKESi;, new inilk,

skimmed milk, . . .

Fl!,iTHKKS,norilierii, geese,. .

souUiern, geese, . .

Flax, Aineiican,

FLAXsr:hii,

Flo UK, Genesee, . . . cash
Balliinore, Howard sir.
Balliinoie, wharl, (none)

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, .

soiilhern yellow, ,

while, ....

Rye, Noiiliein, . . .

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime
Hav, best English, . .

Eastern screwed, , . ,
Hard pressed, ....

Honey,

Hups, Isl qualily (new) . .

t<l qualily . . .

Lard, Bosion, 1st sorl, . . .

Soulhern, Isl sort, . . .

Leathhk, Slaughter, sole, . ,

" upper, ,

Dry Hide, sole. . ,

/' upper, . .

Philadelphia, sole, .

Balliiiiorr, sole, .

Lime, best sort ....

Pork, Mass. inspec, extra clear.

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, .
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (none)
Kcd Top, northern, .
Red Clover, norlhcrn, .
WhiieDulch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
Amcrican,fullhlood,w ashed
do. 3-'lihs do.
do. 1-5! do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, . .
o f Pulled superfine,

Si. 1 3d '• ; ;

^ [ Isl Spinning. . .
."Sourhern pulled wool is generally
■i cts. less per lb.

barrel

bushel
barrel

pound

pound
bushel
barrel

■lushel

2 00

2 76

11 60

7 60

6 0(1

18

15

E

S.t

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

cwt

pound

40
35

y

1 25

5 62

6 00

5 C2
72
63
68
70
60
40
20 00

13 00

14 00
40
1

16
II

I

10
15
I

26

20

9(1

17 OtJ

13 00

75

25
7 00
00
50
SB
35
32
38
50
40
30
23
35

2 75

3 00
10 00

8 00

6 25

23

17

U

a

45

40

11

1 37

5 75

5 75
73
70
69
75
65
42
21 00

14 00

15 00
50

19
17

19
12
17
20
27
21
95
18 00

87
9
31
750
65
55
42
40
35
40
55
42
33
25
40

?ROVISJON MARKET.

RETAIL PRICES.

500 PIECES ENGLISH MERINOS.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, has received from New York
and will be opened on Monday morning, 500 pieces English
Merinos, of superior quality and colors, being the entire im-
portation of one of the first imporling Houses in the country,
and in aniicipation of the season, will be sold at least 25 per
cent, lower than they can be aflbrded in the Autumn.

aug 13 6iis 414, Washington-street.

Hams, northern, . .
soulhern, . .
Pork, whole hogs, .
Poultry, (unceriain)
Butter, (tub) . . .
lump,

Eggs,

Potatoes, . . .

Cider, (new,) | barrel

pound

%

"

8

ti

6i

"

14

ti

20

dozen

10

bushel

37

barrel

2 00

10

9

7

17
25
17
50

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Oct. 4, 1834.
Reporleil for the Daily Advertiser and Patriot.

At Market 2840 Beef Cattle, (say 940 Beeves, and 1900
Stores.) 2650 sheep, and 2240 swine.

Prices. Beef Cattle— \ few sales of the best cattle
were made on Saturday, at a price which fully corresponded
with last week. Sales to day were raiher dull, and probahlv
a shade lower. We quote [irime al 4 75 a 5 ; good 4 a 4 50";
(which included some very tine cows) thin 3 25 a 3 75.

Stores.— DaW, yearlings go a 8 ; two years old, S8 a 14 ;
three years old fl7a22.

Barrelling Cattle. — A few were taken by the Barreller, but
not enough to establish prices; we shall give them next week.

Cows and Calves.— giS, 26, 27. '.il, anJsb.

Slitep— Lot of ordinary at I 25 a 1 32 ; middling at 1 SO,
1 02. 1 75, 1 92 and ^2, a few lots some of which were weath-
ers al 2, 2 25, and 2 75.

Swine — A large proportion at maiket were sold, viz — one
lol half barrows al 4 1-8 ; several lots at 4 c, (some of which
were more than half barrows) one lol al3 3-4,and one at 3 1-2 ;
one lol of old hogs, half barrows at 3 5-8; one small lol of sows
at 3 1-2, and a lot of barrows al 4 1-4; at retail 4 a 4 1-2 for
sows, and 5 a 5 1-2 for barrows, price varying according to
size and quality.

104

NEAV ENOLANB FARMER,

OCTOBER 8, 1834.

MISCELLANY

A POETICAL. GEHI.

The fnllowiniT lines iire from Ifie Album of llie hotel in ihc
vicinity of the Falls of Mnjiara :

NIAGARA.
Flow on forever, in thy glorious robe
Of terror and ofheaiily. God hath set
Jlis rainhow on thy forehead, and tiic rhiud
Mantles around thy feel. And he doth f(ive
Thv voire of thunder, power to sjieak of him
Eternally, bidding; the lip of man
Keep silence, and upon thy ror ky altar ponr
Incense of swecl prtiise. Lvdia H. Sigourney.

Tuesday Evening, Aii^. bih, 1831-.

From Ihp Third Class Reader.
TIT FOR TAT.

Tit for tat is a very bad word.

As frequently people apply it ;
It means as I've usually heard.

They intend to revenp-e themselves by it.
There is but ctie place where it's [jroper aufl pat,
And there I permit tliein to say " tit for tat.''
Poor Dobbin, that toils with his load,

Or gallops with master or man.
Don't lash him .so fast on the road,
You see he does all that he ran :
How \on^ has he scrv'd you ! do rnqollert th.nl,
And treat him w'illi kindness; 'lis hut "lit for tat."
Poor Brindle, tliat lashes her tail.

And trudges home mornin,,^ and ni^ht,
■Till Dolly appears with her pail,
To milk out the lli.id so white;
Don't kick her j^oor haunches, or bealher,and that,
To be kind to poor Brindle i.s but " lit for lat."
There's honest old Tray in Ihe yard.

What rouraf^e and zeal has he shown ;
'Twould surely be cruelly hard
Nol to cast the poor Icllow a bone.
How fiercely ho barks at the robbers, and that,
I'm sure, then, to starve ijini, is not '■ til for tat.'*
Poor Puss, that runs mewino; about,

ITcr white body sweeping the f^round ;
The mother abus'd and kick'd out.
And her innocent little ones drown'd ;
Whenever she catches ihe mischievous ral.
Be kind to poor Pussy, 'tis but " tit for tat."
Whatever shows kindness to us,

With kindness we ought to repay;
Brindle, Donkey, Tray, Dubbin and Puss,
And every thing else in its way ;
In eases like these, it is proper and pat.
To make use of this maxim and say, " tit for tat."

From Ihe New Yorf: Fanner,
PICKINfG GEESE ALIVE.

Pe.nnant, an Kitglisli wiittir, s.-iys that geeso
»re plucked five tiiriKS in tlie year in Lincolnshire,
ence for the quills, nntJ (bur times for the feath-
ers— that he saw tlie gosliiifrs six vveelts old de-
prived of their feathers and tails. Many of them
fierishi^l under the i)|ieralioii. I'ickitii; fjcese alive
IS however a cruel practice ; but, (hitihtless, there
is one period of the year in which the feathers
cotne ofi" with h;ss pain than at others. Mouhray
holds the followinfr l.'tnguafie ;

"A vvriti;r in tlie Mottilily Magazine, December
1823, remarks humnnely on the cruelty of pluck-
ing the living goose, proposing a remeily, which I
Biiould rejoice exceedingly to find practicable and
affective. lie remarks on the additional torture
eiperienced by the poor fowl, from the too fre-
quent unskilftilness and want of dexterity of the
operator — generally a woman. The skin and flesh
are sometiiiieB so torn as to occasion the death of
tUe Tictim ; and eveu when the fowls are plucked

in the niosl careliil niaiiiief, they hise their tloli
anil H|ipeiite ; their eyes become dull, and they
liingtiish in a mo.-st pilialile stale, during a longer
or a shorter period. Mortality also h;is been peri-
odically very extensive in the thicks nf geese, from
sudden and itn|iritilent ex|i<jstire of tliein lo culil,
after being stripped, and iiiore especially dtiring
severe seasons and stiduiti iitniii>|ilieric. vicissi-
tudes. There are iiiatiy instances, in hie.ik and
colli situations, of hundfeds being lost in a singlr
night, from neglect of the iltie precattlion of com-
fortable shelter for as long a time as it may appear
to be required. Tlie remedy propnseil, on ihi-
above authority, is as follows : Feiithers are litii
of a year's growth, and in the iiioitlling season
lliey s[)ontaneonsly fall oft', and are supplied by a
fresh fleece. When, however, the geese are in
full feather, let the iilnmage be removed, close to
the skin, by sharp sci.ssors. The proiluee would
not be much reduced in quantity, while the quality
would be greatly improved, and an indemniiication
be ex))erienced, in the uninjured health of ihe fowl,
■and the benefit obtained to the succeeding crop.
Ltibor also would be saved in dressing, since the
quilly portion of the feathers, when forcibly de-
titched front the skin, is generally in such a state,
as, after all, to require the employment of scissors.
."Vfter this operation shall h.tve been performed, the
down from the breast may be removed by the
saute means.

The time has arrived, I trust, fin- successfiil ex-
ertions in the cause of compttssion towttrils tortur-
ed and helpless animals; and I presnnte to make
a serious call on the clergy and leading aristocra-
cy of the districts implicated, for the exercise o(
their inflnenee in this case, granliiig the reform to
be practicable."

KOTHING DESTROYED.

The researches of chemists have sliown that
what the vulgar call corrtt|)tion, &c. is nothing
hut a change of arrangement of the same ingre-
ilient elements, the disposition of the same ma-
terials into other fiirnts, without the loss or de-
struction of a single atom ; and thus any dotibts
of the permanence of natural laws are discoun-
tenanced, tind the whole weight thrown into the
opposite scale. One of the obvious cases of ap-
parent destruction is when any thing is ground
to dust, and scattered to the witiils. But it is one
thing to grind a fabric to pewder, and another to
annihilate its materials; scattereil as they may he,
they must fall elsewhere, and continue, if only as
iiigredienis of the soil, to fierform their hninblo
but usefiil part in the economy of nature. The
destruction produced by fire is more striking; in
many cases, as in the bnrning of a piece of char-
coal or a taper, there is no smoke, nothing visibly
dissipated and carried away ; the hurning body
wastes and disappears, while nothing seems to be
produced but warmth and light, which we are not
in the habit of cnusideriug as substances, atui when
till has disappeared, except perhaps some trifling
ashes, we n.itnrally enough suppose it is gone, lost,
destroyed. But when the question is examined
more exactly, we detect in the invisible stream of
heated air, which ascends from the glowing coal
or burning wax, the whole ponderable matter, only
united in a new combination with the air, and dis-
solved in it. Yet, so far from being thereby de-
stroyed, it is only become agtiln what it was be-
fore it existed in the form of charcoal or wax, an
active agent in the business of the world, and a

mtiln siipport of vegelitble anil animal life, and is
still susceptible of running again the same rounii,
as eircmiistances may determine ; so that for aught
we can see to the cnnirary, the same identical aloiii
tnay be concealed fiir thotisani's of centuries in a
Ihnesloiie rock ; may at length he quarried, set free
in the limekiln, mix with the air, be ahsorbeil from
it by plants, and in succession become a part of
the frames of myriads of living beings, till some
concitrretice of events consignes it once more to a
long repose, which, however, ito way unfits it from
a:;aiu lestiming its former activity. — Iltrschell's
Disrtis.sioji on the sliuty of .^Aitural Phitusophij.

EXTRAORDIKARY PIIE1V03IENA.

YES'tEtiPAr evening, Mr. John Piirker,-.Mr. John
Rogers, "ir. .'\rchiiiald Scolt, and several other gen-
tlemen being at the 'J'liree Mile House, observed
sotnelhing in the air, which they at first took to be
mist or fog, but as the evening was very cletir,
they were inducerl to take inore notice of it, and
by holding the liands above the eyes so as to ex-
clude tlie rays of the sun, they could distinctly
see bodies of insects, appareiirly of ti red or crim-
son color. They we're in sheets, wilh trains af\er
them, resembling that of a comet, each sheet of
these insects appetired by itself, and they were
moving in a direction from West to East, ahoiii 25
or 30 fi'et from the earth, and at least 20 yards in
vviilth, following each other in floiks like pigeons:
they observed the passage of those insects for more
tlitin 20 minutes, the sun at the lime heing more
than one hour high. — Halifax J^ova Scotian.

THE CHOLERA

— I.N Nova Scotia is subsiding. It is said to hav<
lirokeii out in Sweden. At Salina, N. Y. one of the
ineti employed in the salt works had a viident at-
laik ; at bis earnest request he was covered front
his feet to his chin with salt frimi the pans as hot a^
it could be borne ; the result wtis a speedy perspi-
ration, and H qiiii k and regular pulse, and in a few
lionrs he was tilmost free from the disease.

IIeai.tI! consists u iih 'I'eiop. ■ranee alone — Pope.

JUST IPUBLiISHBD,
The TEMPERANCE FA»I11.V AI.BIANAC, for ISSii,
and for sale in any qoantiiy, at the ollice of t!ie New Euf^land
Farmer — price ti ct^. Miigle, 5-^ I'er Innidied.

KASHIONAI3LE SHELL COMBS,

Sign of the Goldin Comb, 242 IViiahingtou street, Boston^

'i'HK fashion of (/ombs having nnder'.;one considerable mod-j
ificatioii tluring the last t;ighle. u niontlis. and the comtis now
Worn being much smaller tlian tlio.se loinierly. imluces the sub
scriber to suggest lo dn* l.ulies ihul llicy can llii\e their comb^
reduced to conlbrni to the present style. Combs that ate no^
lost to tlie owner, in consequence of their iiuGi:Kf:ss can
.diered into one or more combs wilh w»^ought or plain tops al|
the option of the owner, at a moderate iharge.

They have on hand and are constantly m;iiiufaeturing thd
most lashioitable coinbs. Ladies in waul of couibs, will pleaafl
call belore purchasing.

Jev\elry and Fancy Goofls at reduced prices for cash. AIw
Warranted Silver Spectacles lo suit anv age for ^2.00.
JOH.f^ PONS,

net 1 CLERMONT C. HINE.

THE NEW ENGLAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, ai $3 per annua
payable at the end of the year — lull those who pay withS
sixty days from the lime ot subscribing, are entitled lo a ded«^
lion ol iifty cents.

03= No paper will be sent to a distance without paymell
being mallei n advance.

Printed for Geo. C. BAKiu-.T'r by Foun & LiAmFFi,
who execute every description of Book tivd Finiry Frint
iiiir'in crood style, and with promptness. Orders for prini
inj ma'y be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at the AgrieM
tural Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

NEW ENGL.AK

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. o->, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at thk Acr.cu.tuk.l X^^:^^:;:^;;^^^!^^: FE^S8E^.N,"edTt^r'

701.. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 15, 1S34.

NO. 14.

FOUNTAIN WELLS.

The faciliiy in many, ami the oertainty in all
aSHs, willi wliicli fountain wells tnay lie obtained,
roiiii.ses very great advantages. Besides tlie wa-
sr of tlie clouds, rivers, and lakes, it is had from
wo other sonrces ; viz. land s|)rinf,'S and main
[Jrin!,'s. The first are iiahle to fail when most
■anted, the second never. Land sprinf;s are often
lund upon, and always at no great distance he-
ivv the surface of the ground. They are collec-
ons from exhalations ever rising from the interi-
: of the earth, and from snow, rain, and other con-
;nsations of water from the atmosphere. On the.sc
st resources, land springs depend for their exis-
nce and supply. What is not quickly carried
,vay liy rivers, brooks, and drains, sinks into the
irth, but being intercepted in its downward
)urse, by horizontally placed strata of rock or
ay, reposes thereon, and from there gradually
)zes nway at the lowest point of the iniperviout,
;d which prevented its sinking perpendiculariv.
iiy shaft or opening sunk into this bed readily
Imits a flow into it from the saturated soil around,
hich is then easily obtainable by the puni|) or
icket. Water so procured, always partakes more
Jess of the predominating qualities of the soil
rough which it percolates. Hence the dif-
reiil mineral springs ; and hence the various de-
ees of brackisliuess, commonly called hardness,
' domestic wells.

Mainsprings are sometimes seen gushing out
jm th-i sidts, but liiucij more frequently from the
ses of high liills. Sometimes they are reached
' the common well-digger ; but in general they
e located at a depth far beyond his reach by any
dinary means. The water of main springs is
lovvn by its high temperature; this being always
ore or less, according to the depth from which
ey flow; tliose nearest the surface are about 42
g. Fahr. increasing to 56 deg. or more. They
B also known by their quality, being, in almost
cases freer from impregnation of salts, and are
nsequently called softer water.
Whether the main S()rings are supplied from the
me sources as tlie land springs, and that they
; less impregnated with salts or other qualities
coiisequKiice of their receiving greater filtration
tlieir passage to the depths at which they are
jnd, is a question deserving consideration. But
It they do possess the qualities of high temper-
ire and purity is undeniable, and with these
alities water is invaluable. For the kitchen,
eboard, dairy, and still-room, liow necessary ;
the bath and dressing room how convenient ;
tlie brew-house bow suitable ; and in the laun-
r how profitable ! To the gardener it is a use-
auxiliary, and to the dyer, &c. most important,
short, the art of forming fountain wells, by
ich may l)e gained a constant supply of soft
;er, witliout labor or expensive machinery, pre-
ts extensive benefits, which are not yet even
irehemled. At present we are still ignorant
V liigh such fountains niay be carried above the
face of the earth, and liow copious sucli jets
y prove. The ascent of water fiom such con-
irable depths, is in itself a mystery. When
auger is passed down into a subterranean cur-
t or reservoir in a valley, and the water flows

! up, it is ac(tounted fur by saying that tlie outlet is
below the principal source. But when such per-
forations are made on the highest ground, and
where there appears no inclination or fall of sur-
fiice to the spot, it is difficult to account rationally
for such a phenomenon. The natural law for
water finding its own level, does, not njiparently
apply. Is it the pressure of the atmosphere ? the
subsidence of the superfiosifed earth.' Is it from
the expansive power of subterranean heat, or from
ibe temperature of water itself ? or what.' Gar-
dener's Mas-azine.

From the Ohio Farmer.
THE CULTIVATION OP THE STKAWBEKRY.

To the Ladies — The Strawberry is one of the
most delicious fruits that the United States can
boast of. Though small, it requires but little at-
tention, consequently the laborer is amply com-
pensated for his toil. This plant is a native of
the fields and woods of America, as well as of Eu-
rope. There are many kinds, and all greatly im-
proved liy cultivation ; they bear abundantly, and
seem to defy the cold and drought. Notwith-
standing our cold liarren spring, which has prov-
ed so fatal to almost every kind of fruit, yet my
strawberry vines bore abundantly. I had some
that measured half an inch in diameter; — for this
cause, I would recommend that every lady call
upon some of her male friends to assist her in
forming beds; one smile, with the promise of a
liunch of ripe strawberries on the first of May
next, will be sufficient inducement for them to lay
too the helping hand.

I will tiow tell yon bow I cultivated them :

They are propagated from the young plants that
grow out of old ones. In the summer they send
forth runners ; where these touch the ground, at
a certain distance from their roots, plants spring
up, — this plant is put in the fall, (now is a good
time to plant them out, and on to the 20th of Oc-
tober,) it takes root before winter, and the next
year it will bear a little, and send out runners of
Its own. To make a strawberry bed, plant three
rows a foot apart and at twelve inches apart in the
rows; keep the ground clean, and new plants
coming from the runners will fill up the whole of
the ground, and will extend the bed on each side ;
cut oft' the runners at one distance from the sides,
and then you have a bed four feet wide, covering
all the ground. This is the liest way, for the fruit
does not fall upon the ground, but rests upon tlie
leaves and vines, consequently heavy rains will
not beat them into the dirt. If yon have more
beds than one, there should be a space of one and
a half feet between them, and this space should
be kept clean^ during summer, and filled with ma-
nure in the fall, which settles into the earth and
enriches the roots that are in the bed. In No-
vember cut off the leaves with a scythe, and scat-
ter over the beds some rich well rotted manure.
They will last in this way many years, without
any trouble. If you have a beautiful garden, with
the borders decorated with various kinds of shrub-
bery, plant strawberry roots underneath them, and
they will bear abundantly, adding profit to orna-
ment. A few roots will soon supply you, for I

and in September I raised the yoimg roots, and
found the number to be three hundred ! I have
an abundance of them ; and any person.s within
reach of my garden, wishing for roots, shall be
welcome to as many as they want.

P. C. Mat.

From tlie Genesee Farmer.
oar THE CULTURE OP CIVIOJVS.

I HAVE raised onions several years in succession
on the same bed, but I liave had none so fine as
those of the present season. The kind which I have
cultivated is called the top onion ; and my for-
mer practice was to keep the sets over winter and
jilant them out in the spring. Last fall I adopted
a different method. Instead of stowing them away
in the house, I set them out at once, and found
them to winter best in the garden. I am satisfied
however, that they ought to be well rooted before
the approach of severe weather; and this year I
intend to have them in the ground before this note
can appear in the Genesee Farmer.

I have planted the top onion in clumps, and
also at diff'ercnt distances. Those that grew close
together, have in no case been so fine as those
that stood three or four inches apart. The bulbs
in the head ought to be always separated before
planting.

By idaiiling early in autumn, onions will be fit
for use the n. xt season, a month or two sooner
than if plante-I in the spring, — which is a great
convenience.

Some have insisted that a rotation of crops
ought to include onions, while others have been
satisfied to sow or plant them year after year on
the same ground. In favor of the latter practice
it may be remarked that onions require a soil rath-
er different from common vegetaliles — that is to
say, shallow but rich; and one piece of ground so
approfiriated can be most conveniently kept in that
state, for as soon as the crop is taken off, it may
be manured, well hoed, raked over, marked out
and planted again without delay. And that such
lands do not deteriorate, is evident from the fact
that with a very slight dressing, the crops have
been found successively to increase. The crop
that gained the premium of the Massachusetts
Agricultural Society, in 1S30, was estimated at
657 bushels; and it grew on an acre which had
been cultivated with onions several years.

The top onion is only a variety of the common
kind, and some bear bulbs, some seeds, and oc-
casionally I find one which bears both bulbs and
seeds. I destroy the young stems when there are
too many shooting up through the patch : but if
they are not destroyed, they will produce tolerable
onions. When I gather the crop, I take up alto-
gether, separating the onions from the stem.

On the Destruction of Snails. Mr. James Cor-
bett, in Trans, of the London Hor. Soc. recom-
mends fur destroying snails to sprinkle quicklime
lightly ever the places infected about 3 o'clock in
the morning. But the Conductor of the Magazine
observes that this is n very inferior mode, and
much more expensive and troublesome than that
of watering in the evening with lime water ; re-

, , .,.,.,—,---- peating the.operation on the same ground, at about

liad one root standing in highly cultivated ground, | a quarter of an hour's interval.

106

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 15, 1834.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

""" ~KJB PORT

Of the Committee appointed to name and label the Plants
and Flowers eikiliilid at t'linrnil Hall, on lite
\7th, \Sllt,and VMh Sc/it(iiiOer,l>i:ii.
The (lispbiy of tlie various pliiiitsf.ml flowers wliicli
dei-onued the Hall, was splendid beyond description :
and far exceeded the most sanguine expectations of
the committee. Although the proper season to show
hot-honse and green-honsi> plants to advantage, is du-
ring the spring months, when tiiey are in fidl bloom
and beauty, yet many varieties, especially those with
evergreen foliage, are pleasing and interesting objects
at all seasons of the year. Many of the species pre-
sented, were very choice and rare. There might be
seen the Banana of llie West-Indies, the Fig from
Persia, the Coftee from Arabia, the Lemon, Orange,
Pomeganate, and Sago-Palm, with many other inter-
esting plants, tiatives of a tropical clime. Among
those ornamental, as well as useful, were the variega-
ted Holly, Myrtle, Lamcl, Magnolia, Acnba, Box tree,
Aloes, and the elegant India-rnbbcr tree. Soine were
remarkable for either their cm-ions foliage or flowers,
as the Arnm, Pourretia, Eucalyptus, Nandina, Cactus,
&c. Others for their delightful and agreeable odor,
as the Hedychium gardncrianmn, Polyanthes tnbero-
sa. Pancratium, Fnnkia, .lasniimnn, &:c. &c. Those
conspicuous for the splendor of their rich and brilliant
colors, were the Erythrina jiicta, near eight feet in
height ; the V.allota jnirpnrea, (once Amaryllis,) with
six expanded flowers ; the Gladiolus natalensis, with
three tall spikes, and nmnbering near twenty open
flowers, which, for magnificence of bloom, can be
eclipsed but by few plants at tliis season of the year.
Among the various flowers and charming bouquets
which adorned the tables, wns a large collection of
the sii|)erl)!y splendid Georgina, (Dahlia) amonnung,
from all the contributors, to nearly five hundred
flowers. There was, also, a beautifid variety of the
lovely China and German Asters. The committee^
cannot, however, among such an assemblage of
Flora's beauties, particularize all which deserve no-
tice ; hut submit the following Report : —

From .7ohn Lowell, Esq. Roxbury. A fine apeci-
men of the Erythrina picta, and Justicia picta, — rare
plants; — two fino plants of Citrus decnmana, with
eight or ten ripe fruit, .some of which measured five
inches in diameter, — being three inches more in cir-
cumference than as|)ecimen ot the same fruit exhibi-
ted at the London Horticultural Society, and which
received its preiinum last year. A fine plant of the
Banana tree, (Musa sapientum,) with other rare and
choice ])lants.

From ,1. P. Gushing, E.sq. AVatertown. Fine plants
of the Lemon and Orange, (Citrus limonuin and au-
rantiacea) Jlpolh's Laurel, (Laiirus nobilis,) Myrtus
communis, Acnba japonica, ISuxns arborescens var.
auranliacea, Hydrangea, Polyanthus tuberosa, &c.
&c.

From John Lemist, Esq. Roxbury. Eugetlia myr-
tifolia. Fuchsia coccinca, Acacia armata. Ericas, &c.
&c. Fine plants of the Aloe, (.\gave ainericana,)
Yucca gloriosa. Citrus myrtilblia, and vulgaris, I'ar.
varici^aUi, and a splendid s[)ecimen of the Cycas re-
voluta, (Sago-Palni.)

From John Pritice, Esq. Roxbiuy. Large plants
of Lemon and Orange trees, Cycas rcvoluta,) Sago-
Palm,) and Agave Americana, \ioya cirnose, Diosma
alba, Hedychium gar<lnerianuin, (very fragrant,) Acit-
ba japonica, &.e. &i-.

From J. T. Wheelwright, Esq. Solanum melon-
gena, pm'purea and alba, (l''.gg |)lants,) pseudo capsi-
cum, (Jerusalem cherry,) (Jomphrena globosa, Aster
sinensis, &c. &c.

From Charles Senior, Roxbury. Rhododendron
liybridnm, IMyrtus comnnnfis. Camellia japonica. Cit-
rus aurantiarum, Viburnum limis, &c. A beautiful
plant of the Ficus elasticus, (India-rubber tree,) and
Cactus melocactus.

From William E. Payne, Esq. Waltham. Three
fine large Orange trees, (Citrus aurantium,) Citrus

limonutn, Begonia, Fuchsia cocciuea, Daphne odora,
&c. &c.

From William Pratt, Esq. Watertown, Elegant
plants of the Ilex variegata, (variegated Holly,) Buxus
arborescens var. ourfmdVrccn, Diosma alba. Citrus vul-
garis, V(tr. variegata, and Vihurmim timis. Justicia
picta, Hoya carnosa, Cassia loevigata, Aloysia citrio-
dora, iScc. &c.

From Mr. N. Davenport, Milton. Agave ainerica-
na. Verbena trifolia, Cassia, &c. &c.

From Joseph P. Bradlee, Esq. Boston. Citrus
limonum, Rhododendron, Camuiellia japonica alba,
and variegata, Myrtus communis. Erica mediterrania,
Gardinia, Acnba," Pittosporum, Citrus, Polyanthus tu-
bwosa, &.C. &c.

From Samuel Appleton, Esq. Boston. A magnifi-
cent plant of the Ficus elasticus, (India-rubber tree,)
about ten feet in height. ,

From Thomas Dowse, Esq. Cambridgepoit. A
fine plant of Myrtus communis, in full bloom, — and
Fig tree, (Ficus carica,) with fruit.

From Mr. Samuel Sweetser, Cambridgeport. A
fine plant of the Ilex variegata, IJiosmaalba, Phlomis
fructicosa. Erica, Sempervlvium, Myrtus communis,
&c. &c.

Gladiolus natalensis, (called psittacinus,) presented
by Mr. Sweetser, was one of the most rich and gor-
geous plants which ornamented the Hall. It is of
late introduction, never flowering here before this
season. Ii will, probably, be considered as one of
the finest varieties of bulbs which decorate the flower
garden.

From Mr. Isaac Livermore, Cambridgeport. Neri-
um oleander, and a fine plant of Hydran<la hortensis.
From Messrs. Hovey, Cambridgeport. Fine plants
of Gomphrena globosa, and Fuchsia coccinea, Mau-
randia semperflorens, and Citrus limonum. A black
Hamburgh grape-vine, growing in a pot, and bearing
twenty fine clusters, weighing nearly half a pound to
the biinch, only eighteen months from the cutting,
and remajkable for producing such a crop of friiil ;
and, also, showing what a quantity of fine fruit can
be cultivated in a small space of earth.

From tlie Botanic Garden, Cambridge, by William
Carter. The following very rare plants, — Astraprea
Wallicliii Hakea saligna, Pourretia spinosa, Banksia
serrulata, Ficus elasticus, Coflea arabica, (coftee tree)
Vallota purpurea, (splendid) Melastoma, Eugenia,
Nandina, Eucalyptus, Lantana, Ardisia, Melaleuca,
and Fuchsia Thomsonia, Protea argentea, (silver
tree,) Hoya carnosa, &c. &c.

From ftl. P. Wilder, Esq. Dorchester. A splendid
plant of the Camellia japonica fl. pi. alba, Eugenia
jamhos, and Acacia lophanta. Strelltzia, Melianihus,
Echium, Ilex variegata, Pittosporum, Agave america-
na, retusa and lingue, Myrtus, Acnba, Cycas revolu-
ta, Arum esculenttim. Citrus vulgaris, &c. &c.

From J. W. Boott, Esq. Plumbago capensis. Be-
gonia discolor, and a Pancratiimi, very beautiful.

From Charles Tavlor, Esq. Dorchester. Acacia
lophanta, Gardenia florida. Pelargonium argentea,
Citrus vulgaris, and v. variegata. Cassia, &c. &c.

From Madame Eustis, Roxbury. Fine large
Orange ami Lemon trees, (Citrus,) Acuba japonica
and Yucca gloriosa (beautiful in bloont,) Agave amer-
icaiia, Hoya carnosa, Myrtus coimnitnis. Hydrangea
hortensis, Aloysia citriodora, &c. &c.
'From E. Bree<l, Esq. Chariestown. Brown Beur-
re and Broca's Bergamot Dwarf Pear trees, in pots,
bearing fine fi-uit; Diosma alba, Lantana, Pittosporum,
Myrtus, Acuba, I'ortulacea, Arum, Rhodoilendron,
Pldomis, Rosa, Viburniun, Agave americana, iS^c.
&c. China asters and coxcombs, in pots.

From Messrs. Winship, Brighton. A fine plant of
Coriica alba, and Aspidium exaltahmi. Hedychi-
um gardiieriarmn, Metrosideros, Acacia lophanta, a
bratich of the Shepherdia eleagnoides, (bufllrlo ber-
ry,) &c. &c.

From Thomas Willott, Esq. Boston. A fine plant
in full blossom, of Lagerstra;mia indica (crape myrtle,)

Myrtus, Agave americana, Crassula, Nerium, Bego-
nia, Cactus, Acuba, Viburnum, Roses, Geraniums,
&c.

From Joseph G. Joy, Esq. Boston. Two fine large
Orange trees.

From William Upham, Esq. Boston. Two Orange
trees, Myrtus communis, and Jasniinum lutidum.

From D. S. Townsend, Es(]. Boston. A fine large
Myrtus communis, Acuba japonica, and Viburnum
linus. Agave americana, Vinca rosea, Crassula ar-
borea, Orange tree, and Pomegranate.

From Mr. Thomas Mason, Chariestown. Acacia
armata and lophanta, Aloysia citriodora. Daphne, Vi-
burnum, Erica, Fuchsia, Rosa, Myrtus, Gardinia, Pu-
nicea, Rhododendron, maximum far. album and rose-
um, and catawhiense. A beautiful plant of the Mag-
nolia grandiflora, Diosma, &c. &c.

From Mrs. Bigelow, Medford, by M. Burrage. A
very beautiful plant of the Citrus myrtifolia, (Myrtle-
leaved Orange,) with about twenty ripe fruit.

From Jlr. A.D.Williams, Roxbury. A pot of the
Isabella and White Sweet Water grape, with fruit.

Georginas, (Dahlias,) China and German asters,
and bouquets of Flowers, were exhibited by the fol-
lowing gentlemen : —

A su[)erb collection of about fifty varieties of the
Georgina, from Rlr. E. Putnam, Salem ; twenty va-
rieties from M. P. Wilder, Esq. Dorchester; ten va-
rieties from Mr. Samuel Walker, Roxbury ; twenty-
five varieties fiom the Botanic Garden, by Williata
Carter ; ten varieties from William Kemick ; and
many varieties from others. A charming collection
of China and German Asters, of about twelve dis-
tinct varieties from Messrs. Ht)vey, Cambridgepoi't.
A fine variety from E. Putnatii, Salem. A most
beautifid bouquet of Roses, including the yellow Tea
and other kinds, from Mr. William Wales, Dorchester.
Elegant bouquets were also received fiom Messrs.
S. Sweetser, Cambridgeport; William Worthington,
John Richardson, Joshua Gardner, and Samuel
Phipps, Dorchester; William Kenrick, Newton ; T.
H. Perkins, Esq. Brookline; J. W. Russell, Mount
Auburn; Messrs. Hovey, Candnidgeport ; Thomas
Mason, Chariestown ; William Leathe, Cambridge-
port ; and John Kenrick, Newton. Flowers in qua!i-
tity, liir decorating the Hall, were also furnished by
the above gentlemen. Some of the wreaths were
from the Society's garden. Mount Auburn.

The Committee hope they have not omitted any
plants, but have given as accurate an account, from
the haste in which the exhibition was got up, as pos-
sible. All which is respectfully submitted.

Charles M. Hovey, Chairman.
Sept. 30, 1834.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Horticultural Rooms, Saturday, Oct. 4, 1S34.

Pears. By Mr. Manning— Ronville peaf, of the
New Duhaniel, a large green, good fruit, of 8
somewhat globular shape, tapering towards the
stalk, a very productive fruit. If we mistake not
the Ronville is identical with the Vallee or Vallee
Franche. Also, a pear received by Mr. Mannin| I
as the Beurre Knox. Ileathcot pear and Bufiiini

By Mr. Downer — fine specimens of Capiaumoiit

By Mr. Samuel Poinl — Lewis pear.

By Mr. John A. Kenrick — a brown pear of ai
oblong form, very beurre, rich and fine.

By John Heard, Esq. of Watertown — t;^^ frui
from a yomig tree, for a name.

From an unknown source — a specimen, for tin
Bon gris.

From another source — an unripe specimen wa
sent, as the Passe Cohuar.

.dpples. By Mr. Rufus Howe of Dorchester-
a seedling apple of a good size, a red color an
fine flavor, now ripe.

By Gen. Josiah Newhall of Lyunfield — spec

VOL. XIII. NO. 15.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

107

mens ot" a new variety of a green color antl sweet,
from scions sent l)y Henry Corse, Esq. of Montreal.
By Mr. William Kenrick — Reinette Bainnann,
a new fruit from the Eastern frontiers of France
or from IJelgium, a winter fruit, of niedimn size,
of a fi.itleiieil form anil tine reil color anil excel-
lent flavor. Tlie tree bears early anil promises to
bear almmiantly.

Peaches. By Mr. Manning — Reil Cheek Mala-
catnne, anil a fine fruit bearing some resemblance
to the Teton de Venus. Also, New York White
Clingstone or Williamson's New York, an oblong
white peach, usually red on one side, of an e.xcel-
lent flavor: this variety is abundantly productive.
Heath peaches, from a source not reported. The
fruit very large and handsome. This variety is so
designated for the late Gen. Heath, from whom
this variety vvas received.

By Mr. T. Mason — handsome specimens of
peaches.

By Mr. James L. L. F. Warren of Brighton —
" Nanette P each," a seedling.

The tree is stated by Mr. W. to produce three
kinds on difterent limbs, one of them a clingstone ;
it has never been inoculated.

By Mr. Thomas Hastings of East Cambridge —
specimen of a new seedling |)eacb, a freestone re-
markably large and beautiful, these being the first
produce of the tree. The committee have named
this fruit Hastings Freestone.

By iMr.'T. l.*e of Brookline, fine seedling and
other specimens.

JVectarhus. Specimens by Mr. Pond.
Plums. By Mr. Sanil. Pond, Semiana or Suisse.
By Mr. Jona. Wiuship — Beach Plums, a fruit
originally found growing wild on the sea coast.
See the letter of Mr. W. below.

Oui'nce*. By Mr. S. Pond — Cydonia Japonicus,
Japan Quince, or what is more commonly called
I'yrus Ja|ionicus or Japan Pear. The fruit of this
variety is not esteeujed equal to the connnon
i|uince, it differs from that widely, but the scarlet
or crimson flowers which apjiear very early in
spring are splendid.

Grapes. By John A. Kenrick — Isabellas, very
fine ; also, Elsinbnrg, a very small grape, the
bunches oi)long, and the fruit sweet.

By T. Lee, Esq. of Brookline — Isabella, Elsiu-
burg, and pale red or white native grape.

From the Hon. John Lowell — souje new speci-
mens of iiuit were received ; it is to be regretted
that they cannot at this time be rejjorted on ac-
count of a momentary absence.

Arrowroot (Maranta), a new production of Hor-
ticulture was exhibited by Mr. J. L. Russell of Sa-
lem, Prof, of Bot. to the Mass. Hort. Soc. It is to
be hoped that this highly valuable plant may ere
long become naturalized to our climate, as we
have before acclimated so many other varieties of
useful productions, the most important of which
we cultivate. See the letter of Mr. Russell, which
is subjoined.

For the Committee, William Kekrick.

LETTER OP MR. RUSSELIi.

To the Commitlee on the " Culture and Products oj
the Kitchen Garden" of the Mass. Hort. Societi/.
Gentlemen — Permit me to introduce to your
notice a fine specimen of Arrow Root, (" Maranta")
lately brought from St. Helena, where it is culti-
vated in great perfection. The value of this plant
as an article of medicine and of commerce is well
known. I am informed that successful attempts

have heretofore been made in the Southern stales
towards its cultivation. As to the particular spe-
cies, which I (iresent you, I cannot decide, there
beiiig four used in ftlateria Medica, and as articles
of food, snflice it to say, that as to its quality, it is
e(pial to the very best cultivated. I presume that
by preserving the roots through the winter in a
dry and warm place, and forcing it in the spring,
the usual hot weather of our summers would be
sulHciont to produce a good crop. If this were
done, the trouble would be no greater than we
take for the Ssveet Potato ; but as to real profit,
taking into consideration the expense and time
employed, an experiment can only decide. Its
very great increase may be judged from the fact
that at St. Helena, from two small tubers, were
produced in two seasons, twelve liushels fit for
manufacturing the article, technically called Arrow
Root.

Much has been written on the Gama Grass,
(Tripsacum) [Vide, N. E. Faroier, Vol. xii. p. 34]
a decidedly southern |ilant, as an article for fod-
der to be introduced among onr Northern furjners ;
and surely from first appearances, as weighty ar-
guments may be advanced in favor of the Arrow
Hoot as of that. It being your province, gentle-
men, to take cognizance of whatever pertains to
the useful arts, or is subservient to national indus-
try in the introduction of vegetables, I leave it to
your superior knowledge and judgment to deter-
mine its value.

As a specimen of one of the fine family of Can-
nee, it is interesting to the Horticulturist, and if
deemed of no other importance, it will prove ac-
ceptable to those who are desirous of possessing a
collection of those valuable plants.

I remain yours, respectfully,

JoH.N Lewis Rcssell,
Prof, of Botany, Sfc. to the Mass. Hort. Societi/.

Salem, Oct. 3d. 1S34.

LETTER OP MR. -WINSHIP.

To the Fruit Committee.

Gentlemen — Herewith you have a specimen of
the Beach Plum, (Prunus sphaerocarpa,) cultiva-
ted in our grounds, the plants originally from the
sea coast ; it grows luxuriantly, and forms one of
the most interesting and ornamental shrubs in our
establishment. Respectfully yours, &c.

Jona. Winship.

An adjourned meeting of the Mass. Hort. Soci-
ety was held at their room, on Saturday, October
11th, 1834— E. Bartlett, Esq. in the Chair.

The Secretary being absent, Cha's M. Hovey
was appointed Sec. pro tern.

On motion of T. Parsons, Esq. it was voted
that a Committee of three be appointed to exam-
ine the record of the last meeting, and report con-
cerning the same at the next meeting of the Soci-

Blessrs. T. Parsons, J. T. Buckingham, and
Wni. Oliver were nominated and chosen.

J. C. Gray, Esq. from the Committee appointed
at the last meeting to wait upon the Hon. John
Lowell, and inform him of his election as Presi-
dent of this Society, reported that they had attend-
ed to that duty, and that he declined accepting
the office.

It was then voted that the meeting proceed to
ballot for the choice of President and Vice Presi-
dent of this Society.

Messrs. J. T. Buckingham and C. M. Hovey,
were appointed a Committee to sort and count the
votes ; reported, that the whole number given in

for the choice of President and Vice President
was 51 — necessary to a choice 2G.

For President, Z. Couk, Jr. had 44 ;

For Vice President, Jonathan Wiuship had 48 ;
— and were elected.

On motion of J. T. Buckingham, it was voted,
that a Committee of two be appointed, to wait on
Z. Cook, Jr. and inform him of his election as
President of this Society. Blessrs. J. T. Bucking-
ham and E. Vose, were chosen for that Com-
mittee.

The Committee immediately attended to their
duty, and reported that he accepted that oflice.

J. C. Gray, Esq. and Wm. Oliver at their re-
quest, were excused from serving on the Commit-
tee for the revision of the bye-laws of the Society.

Messrs. Cheever Newhall, E. M. Richards, s!
A. Shurtlefl', Samuel Downer and B. V. French,
respectfully resigned the several offices to which
they had been chosen.

G. W. Pratt, Esq. respectfully resigned the of-
fices to vvhicli he had been appointed.

E. Bartlett, Esq. and Dr. S. A. Shurtleff tendered
their resignation as Vice Presidents of the Society.

Adjourned to Saturday, Oct. ISth, 1834, at 11
o'clock A. M.

Cha's M. IIovey. Rec. Sec. pro tern.

EXHIBITIOIV OP PRUITS.

Horticvliural Hall, Saturday, Oct. llth, 1834.

Pears. By Mr. Manning — Surpasse V'igalieu, a
new fruit; Henri Quatre.

By Mr. Downer — Capianniont, very handsome ;
Piatt's Bergamotte, a good fruit ; this is not the
right or original named Moorfowl Egg.

By E. M. Richards — Capsleaf, a roundish, rus-
setty, yellow fruit, of handsome size and good ;
Rusiimore's Bon Chretien, or Harrison's Large
Fall of Coxe, a large roundish fruit, coarse and
good to cook ; Piatt's Bergamotte, also a large ob-
long, pale fruit, by some called the Cooledge
Pea r.

By Messrs. Winship — a new variety, name un-
known : from Mr. Knight.

By Mr. Longfellow, of Hallowell, Me. — a new
native fruit, highly esteemed in that vicinity, a
good fruit, and stated to be very productive.

By Dr. J. Thacher — A large and very beautiful
fruit, as beautiful as the Bon Chretien, Williams
or Bartlett, but by no means equal in quality and
flavor to that beautiful variety ; this is by some
called " Autumn Bell."

By William Kenrick — Henri Quatre ; Beurre
Colmar D'Autonme ; Beurre D'Aremberg.

Apples. By Mr. E. M. Richards — Summer
Russett, a middle sized, round, sweet apple, very
pleasant ; two varieties of Crab apples for cider.

By Mr. Manning — Slump, or Boxford apple,
supposed to be a native, good sized fruit, somewhat
flattened, striped with red on a yellow ground, a
most superior fruit ; Straat ; Franklin Golden Pip-
pin.

By William Kenrick — a large striped apple of
superior flavor, believed to be a native of London-
derry, N. H.

Peaches. By Mr. S. Walker — a large seedling
peach ; some other varieties of fruits were receiv-
ed by different individuals ; from Mr. E. M. Rich-
ards, one or two new varieties of pears ; from E.
T. Andrews, Esq. of Dorchester, a new fruit for a
name ; Chinquapui, or Dwarf Chestnut, by Mr.
Manning. For the Committee.

WiLLiAJi Kenrick.

108

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 15, 1834.

From the Old Voionij Democrat.
STOCK.

I DO not think that fanners in tliis vicinity, P'>.V
that attention to itiipiovinfr the flifVereiit breeds of
their Neat cattle, whieli it woulrl lie profilaljle for'
them to l)estovv. And to what is this owing ? Is
it not to the sceptical conchisions whieli they have
adopted concerning the practicability of the sub-
ject ? The idea is prevalent that tlie tireed is
nothing, feed every thing ; tbat this in fact is all
that is necessary to make fine animals. Unt this is
a very mistaken notion, and one which onglit to
be exploded. Good keeping is an excellent tiling
it is readily granted, but it was never known to
reduce bone or otfal, or to (iroduee any radical
change in the animal physiology. It may serve
to perfect the nature such as it is, and this is all it
can do ; change it, it never can.

Those who aflirin that their disbelief in this
matter is derived from nothing less than iheir own
ex^jerience, cannot to say the least, I think, have
enjoyed the benefit of an enliglitened experience.
Their mode of operations must have been defec-
tive, and the error probably lies in not conforming
their practice to a rule, the observance of which in
every particular, is necessary to ensure complete
success. It consists simply in breeding from dams
and sires of distinct blood, ivho possess iheinseives
and are descended from ancestors loho possessed be-
fore them, the pecxdiar attributes and properties
which it is sovghl to perpetuate in the progeny. An
adherence to this rule, so far as it is practicable,
would be |iroiluctive of results with which I am
persuaded, farmers would have no reason to be
dissatisfied. It is important always to know what
is the proper course to be pursued, and in the
present case, such knowledge may serve to guard
us from two very common errors, viz : first, that
of breeding from near relatives, according to the
" in and in" system, as it is called ; and second-
ly, that of disregarding ancestry, and forming our
expectations of the character of the progeny sole-
ly from that of the parents.

I cannot but think, were all fanners hereafter
carefully to eschew those fatal errors, and to reg-
ulate their practice according to the foregoing
suggestions, we might confidently anticijiate u
speedy arrival of the period, when there would
be no longer occasion for the old saw, " a good
cow may have a bad calf" H.

fVest Bridgewaler.

IMPROVEMENT OP L.AND.

Along the banks of rivers, many low tracts of
land may be greatly improved, by raising them
higher with the sediment of the waters. In this
way much has been done on the banks of the
Don, the Ouse and the Trent, in Great Britain.
The land which is thus to be raised has, first, a
dyke or hank thrown np round it, for the purpose
of keeping out the waters of the river, except at
the place where a gate is to be erected to let them
in. When they are to be let in, that is, when
they are muddy and have considerable sediment to
deposit, the gate is to be raised ; and, after the
sedinient has been deposited, they arc let off again ;
and a new supply is taken in at the next tide, or
at the next flood, as the case may be.

Mention is made, by the Compilers of ' The
Complete (Jrazier,' of lands on some of the tide-
waters of prcat Uritaiu having been raised two
feet higher, by this method, in a short time. The
progress to be made in thus raising the laud must,

however, depend on the depth to which the wa-
ters cover the land, the (piantity of mud and sedi-
ment they contain, and to the frequency with
which the land can thus be flooded. — Far. Assist.

There are considerable tracts of salt marshes or
fen land round the city of IJoston, which would be
very materially improved by embankment and dik-
ing, provided the salt water whs efiectually kept
from its surface. Tbe natural position of a great
part of these fens is such, as to render embank-
ment a very easy task, and in fact nature itself
hath done much towards enclosing one of the
largest tracts (that called Chelsea and Lynn
Marshes) by throwing n|) a sand and ])ebble bank,
water tight, nearly the whole length of the coast
against which they join, leaving one creek to be
banked with a small flood iloor for the discharge
of the surface waters which may be collected
therein, and also Saugus River, which is about
forty rods wide at its mouth, and must be em-
banked with a sea wall, arching therein two pair
of flood doors of about two feet each door to
close against the flow of tide, and to discharge the
fresh water at ebb tide. This with a very little
embankment of minor consequence, would recover
near four thousand acres from the salt water,
which when effectually relieved therefrom, is a
species of soil that becomes very productive for
grass or wheat, and requires no kiiid of manure,
the soil being formed several feet deep by sedi-
ment, is in itself peculiarly rich.

In the years 1803 aod 1806, the author of this
was engaged as engineer in the enclosure of a sim-
ilar tract in the County of Somerset, England,
which was enclosed and divided among the pro-
prietors under the authority of Parliament. The
general level of the tract was several feet under
high water mark, in the channel or sea adjoining,
and was subject to the flow of high tides on its
surface. This land in its open state produced
about one ton and a half of salt hay per acre, an-
nually, the collection whereof was attended with
considerable incouvcnieuee. A sea wall or bank
was built on the coast, the rivers diked, and flood
doors erected to keep back the salt water, and dis-
charge the fresh at ebb tides ; by these means and
by cutting drains into the channels of the rivers,
and emptying the same through the flood doors,
the surfice was thoroughly drained from the salt
and stagnant waters, and in three years the verdure
completely changed from the sedge rushes, and
hard spiry grasses, to a thick niatty sward of
meadow, fiecue, and other rich grasses, producing
three tons of first rate hay per acre annually, be-
sides the spring and after grasses, which are of
considerable value.

As a proof of the improvement, the land prior
thereto was let at from 10 to 15 shillings per acre,
when it suddenly advanced after the undertaking
was completed to from three to five pounds ster-
ling per acre, and was eagerly sought for even at
that rate. — Hates' Survey.

PAiisaiEPS.

To cultivate Parsneps, let the farmer sow the
seed in Autumn, soon after it is ripe ; by which
means the plains will come on early the following
spring, and will get strong before the weeds can
grow so as to injure them. The young iilants
never materially sulVijr through the severity of the
season.

The best soil for them is a rich deep loam ;
next this is sand, or they will thrive well in a

black gritty soil ; hut will never pay lijr cultiya-
ting in stone, brush, gravel or clay soils; and
they are always the largest where the staple is
deepest. If the soil be proper they do not require
much manure. A very good crop has been ob-
tained for three successive years without any.
Fcuty cart-loads of sand laid on an acre of very
stiff loam, and ploughed in, has answered very
well.

Sow the seed in drills, eighteen inches distant,
that the plants may be horse or hand hoed ; they
will be more luxuriant if they have a second hoe-
ing, and are carefully earthed, so as not to cover
the leaves.

If land cannot be got in proper condition to
receive the seed in autumn, sow a plat in the gar-
den, or the corner of a field, and transplant them
at the end of April, or early in May. The [ilants
must be carefully drawn, and the land that is to
receive them well pulverized by harrowing and
rolling. When it is thus in order, open a furrow
six or eight inches deep, and lay the plants in it
regularly, at the distance of ten inches or a foot,
taking care not to let the root be bent, and tbat
the plant stand upright after the earth is closed
about it, which should be done immediately by
persons following the planter with a hoe, and who
must be attentive not to cover the leaves. Open
another furrow eiohieen inches distant from the
last, |ilant it as before, and so proceed till the field
is completely cropped. When any weeds appear,
hoe the ground and earth the plants.

Dibbling in Parsneps is a bad method, as the
ground thereby becomes so hound as not easily to
admit the lateral fibres with which the root of
this plant abounds, to fix or work in the earth, on
which account the roots never attain their proper
size.

With attention to the soil, the season for sow-
ing, cleaning and earthing the plants, and raising
the seed froin the largest and best Parsneps, there
is no doubt but the crop would answer much bet-
ter than a crop of carrots. They are equal to
them, if not superior in fatting pigs, for they make
the flesh whiter, and the animal eats them with
more satisfaction. Clean, washed, and sliced,
among bran, horses eat them greedily, and thrive
uiih them ; nor do they heat horses, or like corn
till them with disorders.*

In Fiance, and our Islands adjoining to it,
Parsneps are held in high esteem both for cattle
and swine. In Brittanny this crop is said to be
little inferior in value to wheat. Milch cows fed
with it in winter, give as much and as good milk,
and yield butter as well flavored w'ith Parsneps as
with grass in May or June. j — Mem. Mass.^gr. Soc.

HORSES' SIGHT.

People in general turn a horse's head to a
bright light to examine his eyes. You can know
very little by this method what sort of an eye a
horse has, unless it be a very defective one. You
must examine the eye first when tbe horse stands
with his head to the manger. Look careful at
the juipil of the eye in a horse ; it is of an oblong
liirin, carry the size of a pupil in your mind, and
llien turn the horse about, bring him to a light ;
if the pupil of the eye contracts, appears much
smaller than it was in the dark light, then you
may he sure the horse has a strong good eye ; but
provided the pujiil remains nearly the same size as

■^ Hazard, ia ilath papers, vol. i, p. '^li.
t Baih papers, 4, 287.

voii. xrir. NO. 15.

AND HORTICULTUIIAL JOURNAL.

it Hpijeui-ed in tlie darker light, tljeii tlie horse has
a weak eye, therefore have nothiiij); to do with
him. There are contractiiifr and dilating nuisrleg
in the eye which will plainly show you in what
state the eye is, whether it be a strong or a weak
one — Raleigh Star.

ITEMS OP ECONOMY, &e.

A great diseovery in Clieinistry has lately been
made by Dr. Richenliack, of Germany ; he having
succeeded in extracting from tar and smoke a
hitherto unknown sid)stauce, which he calls Kreo-
sot, (flesh preserver.)

This substance possesses the property of resist-
ing putrefaction, in a most eminent degree, and
when diluted with water, fresh slaughtered meat,
after having been immersed in it for a fnw minntos,
may be kept in the open air and in the hottest
weather, for any length of time, without lieconiing
in the least affected.

This fact led several eminent physicians to ex-
periment with it, in the treatment of human dis-
eases, applying it both internally and externally,
in which they have been crowned with the most
striking success.

People afflicted with the horrid disease of Can-
cer, after having been despaired of by the most
skilful physicians, have been completely cured by
Kreosot.

For wounds and sores in general, it has been
found the best remedy known : and is particularly
recommended in surgical operations, as it prevents
iiiflamjuation, ;uid stops the njost excessive bleed-
ing almost instantly. — Phil. U. S. Gaz.

Onions an antidote for poison. Up wards of forty
years ago, I knew a man who wilfully took eleven
grains of arsenic in warn; tea, in order to kill him-
self. It took effect immediately. Three physi-
cians exerted their skill to save him, but to no
purpose, and said he must die. By their consent
another person proposed onions, which were im-
mediately applied to bis stomach, arm-pits, wrists
and all the tenderest parts of his body. Thoun-h
he was much swelled he immeiliately began to re-
cover, and the next day went to liis work. It ap-
peared like a miracle to all who witnessed it. I
bave heard of onions being used for the bite of a
•attlesiiake with good success, by being applied to
;he wound. — Chr. Adv.

On the Use of Chloride of Lime in Agriculture.
Jnle.ss spread very thin it will do harm : spread
hin, ami intimately mixed with the soil, when the
atter is in a dry slate, its effects are similar to
hose of the coumion carbonate of lime. — Trans,
fthe Prussian Gardening Society.

The weed of the horse chesnut makes very du-
able stakes for vines. — Ibid.

Fingers and Toes, alias Club Fool in Cabbages,
'Cauliflowers, «,-c. J. M. in Loudon's Magazine
ays, " The insect that causes tliese mallorma-
ons is called by entomologists Nedejus contractor,
ts aitacks can only be averted by making the
lant offensive to the parent fly ; and this, it has
itely been discovered, can lie done by incorporat-
)g with tin; siiil soap boiler's waste, or any other
jbstance of sindlar alkaline quality. Since this
iscovery has been made, the i>rice of this waste
as risen in the neighborhood of London, 1 am
lid from 6d to os per cart load. IJesides pat-
dges preying on the larvte, I have often seen
agpies, crows, and if I mistake not rooks, doing
lis useful service."

" Cheap and Durable Paint." It has long been
a desideratum to save the great expense of oil and
lead in outside painting, but hitherto it has not
been obtained. Last summer while travelling in
company with an intelligent lady from New Ha-
ven, we obtained from her the following recipe :
She said she felt it her duty to spread the infor-
mation, having seen it tested. We have tried it,
and those who feel interested may satisfy them-
selves, by examining a piece offence on our prem-
ises, painted with the composition. It is of a
cream color, but bleaches, and is now (five weeks)
nearly as white as lead paint. This appears to be
an adhesive, solid body, which has been unaffect-
ed by storms. How it may appear a year hence;
we of course cannot say — but have strong confi-
dence in it. The expense of the materials is
about one-fifth of oil and lead. — Keene Sent.

" To one gallon of good milk, add two dozen of
eggs and 1 1-2 pounds of loaf sugar— then add
sifted slack lime, (white) to bring it to a proper
consistency. To be put on the same day. It
will be well to run the whole through a iiaint
mill, or otherwise see that the coarser p°articles of
the lime are well dissolved.

109

An Improvement in the Mode of raising Annual
Flower Seeds. By Mr. Joseph Harrison.

" After sowing the patch of seeds, and covering
it with fine moist soil. I place a garden pot in"^-
versely over it ; this remains till I discover that
the seeds have struck root, when I raise the pot
two or three inches, keeping it thus supported for
a ftiw days, and then remove it entirely. I fij.d
that the pot not only keeps the soil moist, but bv
the sun heating the pot, the seeds come up mucii
more quickly than otherwise they woul.l do ; in
consequence of which, I do not sow the seeds so
early by a fortnight or upwards, as I used to do
previously. The young plants are, therefore, less
exposed to cold or late spring frosts. I have used
hollow tiles instead of pots, which answer equally
well ; except that wljere mice are they have ac-
cess at the ends." — Loudon's Mas:

Cultivation of the Strawberry. Flat tiles, paint-
ed black, are laid round the plants, just as they
are going out of flower. The tiles seem to be
formed on purpose ; for they are described as hav-
ing at least half a circle cut out of each tile, in
order that they may fit closely to the plants. The
tiles during tlie day will not only prevent the ex-
halation of moisture from the soil, but also collect
a great body of heat from the sim, and consequent-
ly form the fruit early, large and well flavored, as
well as clean from sand. — J. F. Loudon's Mag.

Elephants breakfasting on Apples. A few days
ago two elepliants belonging to a menagerie that
has been in this city, were passing along the road
in the vicinity of Middletown, when they saw a
most inviting heap of apples in an orchard. In
an instant the fence was prostrated by the hufe
aniujals, and without loss of tinje they regaled
themselves on fruit to their perfect satisfaction.
We have not heard it stated how great was the
quantity of apples they consumed, but it is said
that the elephants would not be driven away till
they had appeased their exceedingly delicate little
stomachs. Such visiters, we ajiprehend, woidd
beany thing but agreeable to most of our farmers,
particularly when the whole stock of a farmer's
winter apples, as well as those for cider, would be
devoured at one breakfast, by a. couple of these
Asiatic visiters. — Middletown (Ct.) Advocate.

IVhite Rats. Two of this variety of tiie rat spe-
cies, were caught a few days ago in Messrs. W. C.
Barron & Co.'s bakery, in removing a kneadinir
trough, under which they had burrowed. They
were exhibited by the men who had captured
them, in a large wire trap, and excited a great
deal of curiosity, for among the liundreds who
pressed to see them as they were sarried through
the street, there was probably not one who had
seen the like before. They are very pretty pets
larger than the ordinary grey rat; have pink col-
ored eyes, ,and long silky hair, like that of the
Angola rat. They are ap|)arently less timid than
the grey rat. One of the latter was put into their
cage, when they both immediately set upon it ,ind
worried it to death.— -Aor/ott Herald.

iC?'Speakingof rats, we once saw two splendid
little fellows of ibis kind. One of a beautiful and

clear white, the other speckled, black and white

the black, black as jet, the white, white as the
driven snow. They were in a cage together, and
exhibited great activity.— .V. H. Telegraph.

On Early Apples. We invite the attention of
freeholders to the subject of early apples. We be-
lieve there are yet a large number who allow one
nionlli of summer to pass away before they have
ripe fruit of this kind, while some of their neigh-
bors are regaling on the Yellow Harvest, the Sine-
qua-non, and others which ought to be cultivated
in every orchard or fruit garden. The expense of
yoimg trees is comparatively a trifle; but in many
oirbards there are imgrafted trees, the tops of
which might he readily and profitably exchanged
for those precious varieties. The present is a
proper time to consider the matter; and beyond
ihe ensuing autumn, or the succeeding spring, this
acquisition ought not to be deferred. — Genesee
Fanner.

To preserve Pumpkins through the winter and
spring. When taken from the vine, open them,
and throw away the soft contents which are found
in their inside. Then cut ihem into small pieces,
and dry them in the snn, or in an oven. Preserve
them in a dry place. They may be either pound-
ed or boiled before they are used.

Prepared in this manner, they make a cheap
and excellent food for cattle — horses — and hogs.
Many thousand pounds might be saved in grain to
our fiirmers, and to our country, by the general
use of this wholesome and nourishing food for do-
tnestic animals. They afford more nourishment
than the potato or scarcity-root; they are culti-
vated with less trouble, and yield a liiuch larger
increase from the same labor. — Southern Planter.

Important to ff'orking Men. We find in the
Connecticut Courant a notice of the following
cause, which was tried at the recent session of the
County Court at Hartford:

"Thompsonville Carpet Manufacturing Com-
pany vs. W. Taylor & others.— This was a suit
against the defendants for conspiring to raise the
price of wages, and hindering other weavers from
going into the employment of the plaintiffs, and
had a stiike in July, 1S33. The great point in
case was, whether the peaceably conspiring or
agreeing among the workmen to refuse to work
for less than a named sum, constituted a ground
of civil action on the [)art of the employers. On
this point tlie Court charged the Jury in the nega-
tive. The case was much labored and consumed
a week in trying it. Verdict for the defen-
dants."

no

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 15, 1S34.

NjaW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEONESUAY EVENING, OCT. 15, 1834.

Communication.
Mu. Editor,— I wish the reply to the following ques-

t'ons:

1st. How are shrub oaks at least expense to be extir-
pated ?

2d How are the running blackberry vines most ea-
sily got rid of, when in a thin soil they cover the sirrfuce
and prevent by their shade, Ac. &c. the introduction of
the seeds of the Pine or other Forest Trees, as^well as all
useful productions. i '■**■

GRINDING CORN ON THE COB.

The third volume of the Memoirs of the Philadelpliia
Society for Promoting Agriculture, contains an article
On the utilitij of grinding Maize (Indian Corn) on the
Cob as food fur cuttle, vilh a description ofamiUfor that
purpose, by James Mease, M. D.from Schick thefollowmg
are extracts ;

The practice of grinding Indian corn in the cob, to
powder, for the purpose of horse food, is now common
with our German farming fellow citizens. Tliese in-
dustrious men are ever attentive to the health and gen-
eral welfare of their farm stock, and readily adopt any
measure calculated to promote either object ; and astliey
are convinced of the nourishing qualities of the cob, and
the economy of the practice of using it as an article of
food, they have encouraged the general erection of tlie
necJssary apparatus, in the Hour mills, in tlieir different
settlements.

The first apparatus used for the purpose of grinding
corn in the cob, was a screw which was originally in-
vented by Oliver Evans, of Philadelphia, and now in
general use to break gypsum. Mr. Evans first reduced
it to practice, in the year 1790, but no measures having
been taken to give publicity to it, the knowledge ot it
was diffused very gradually through the country, and it
even appears that private offers for the gratuitous use
of it were ineffectual (until after some years) in causing
a trial of what is now deemed an economical practice ol
the first consequence.

Indian corn is of itself too nourishing and too heating
as a constant article of food for horses, and if fed alone,
a sufficient quantity cannot be given to produce the stim-
ulus of distention, (which is as necessary to a working
horse, or even to a man as nourishment,) without great
expense, and at the same time endangering the health of
the animal. Corn meal is therefore mixed with a quan-
tity of cut straw, and coarsely ground rye or shorts and
in this state constitutes the daily food of that fine body
of drau.rht horses that do so much credit to our draymen
and carters of Philadelphia, and the industrious farmers
of tlic Stale at large.

The powder of the corn cob, however, does not act
entirely by distention, it also contains much nutri-
ment, aiid'l have heard of a poor woman in Maryland,
who 'prepared during the winter a very grateful mess
for her cow, by boiling the bruised cobs with which she
was furnislied by her wealthy neighbors ; with this li-
quor mixed with what other vegetable matter she could
procure, and a few corn blades, she supported her cow
well through the winter and spring, until the return ol'

grass.

In the New England Farmer, vol. iv, p. 12G, was pub-
lished an " Extract of a letter from the Rev. 11. C. Per-
ley, of New Rowley, Mass. to the editor, stating the ad-
vanta.'es accruing from corn and cobs ground together
at tlie°rate of about one peck of corn to a bushel of cobs.
" Meal made of this composition, I scalded, and made
about as thick as common hasty pudding; or mixed
about one peck of ihe meal with three pecks of boiled

poUtoes, thickened to the consistency of pudding ; with
tills kind of food, and what wash was made in the fami-
ly, I constantly fed my swine: there -were none in the
neighborhood grew so fast, and were fit to kill so early
in autumn. The neighbors were surprised that my hogs
looked so white and grew so well, being fed as they
were with cob-meal, potatoes and the wash of four cows.
Some ridiculed the notion ; others disputed and disbe-
lieved the account, but finally, all were obliged to be-
lieve the fact, though loth to try the experiment." * * *
" I have also made further discovery of the use of cob
meal for other purposes besides feedii^ swine and cat-

'■ I had one batch ol coarse brown bread made of it,
-ground about half and half; sifted as usual, and the ap-
plication of tlie usual quantity of rye meal. The bread
was as high' colored, as light, as sweet and as moist as
that made of pure Indian and rye meal, though I think it
will dry rather sooner."

A writer for the New England Farmer, vol. 10, p. :202,
states as follows :

I fattened 4 hogs, killed in December last, which to-
D-ether weiglied more than 1000 lbs. and were uncom-
monly fine poik. They weie fed entirely upon cob
meal, excepting 2 or 3 weeks, when they were kept up-
on oats and corn meal, but they did not eat the latter
with a better relish nor fatten faster upon it than upon
cob meal ; and that not scalded or boiled by which it
would have been greatly improved ; this agrees with the
experience of my neighbors.

With respect to my horses, I give them no other
provender than cob meal mixed with straw and salt hay
cut fine, and this keeps them in very good order.

On the whole I have a favorable opinion of cob meal
for the above purposes. It has been represented by some
as excellent for puddings, but such puddings make too
meagre a diet for

ty of the season." The same writer says " Garden car-
rots are propagated at two or three different seasons.
The first season for sowing the seed [in England] is
soon after Christmas."

CORN.

As the season is now npproacliing when far-
mers will coiuinence gathering their corn crops,
I deem it my duty, (as a farmer) to inform them,
through the medium of yonr paper, how to secure
their corn from the ravages of the weevil, wliicli
often during the summer and fall seasons, entirely
destroys whole houses of corn. As the remedy is
so siiiiplu and cheap, I am in hopes no farmer
will leave it untried. It is simply this. When
hauling ill a crop of corn, have a mixture of sail
and waler ]u-epared (say one pint of salt to a gal-
lon of water,) and as each load is thrown into the
house, sprinkle it thoroughly with salt and water,
and it will entirely prevent the insect from breed-
ing in the corn, and likewise cause the husks to
he^more palateable for stock of any kind. As I
know this from experience, I feel no donbt in rec-
ommending it to otliers.— A Farmer.— ioumaiia
Register.

Mr. Ogden in the New York Farmer, observes : " I
have been for some time using corn and cobs ground to-
gether for my cattle, with good effect. It is an impres-
sion among farmers that there are some injurious effects
arising from its use. I will state how they may be
avoided. . In the fiist place, the corn should be perfectly
lipe. In the second place, a large quantity should not
be ground at a time. It should be kept perfectly diy.
In the third, when this food is used constantly, potatoes
or carrots should be given two or three times a week.
With these precautions, the cob and corn ground togeth-
er will be a wholesome and cheap food for cattle. I
.rive my horses eight quarts per day, and notwithstand-
Fn-v they labor hard, they gain in ilesh and perform wel

I grind my corn and cobs in the bone null, which will
turn-out many bushels in the course of an hour."

ITEMS.

The dift'erence between rising at five and seven
o'clock in the morning for the space of forty years,
supposing a man to go to bed at the same hour at
night, is nearly equivalent to the addition of ten
years to a man's life. — Doddridge.

A fellow in New Haven, attempting to rob a
grape vine, instead of a bunch of the iVnit carried
urt' a charge of grape shot. A receptimi more
miueralogical and less botanical than lie bad anti-
cipated.— M'eiv Bedford O.az.

Conundrums. What tune is most likely to cap-
tivate a young lady ? A for-(une, to be sure.
What is a lady's most interesting age ? Her mar-
\.age. — Fitchburg Gazette.

PALL SOWING GARDEN VEGETABLES.

Those vegetables which will bear a considerable de
o-ree of ftosl may, generally, we believe with safety be
sown in .autumn. And even the more tender sorts, pro-
vided they are sown so late that they will not vegetate
till spring may. perhaps, succeed with fall sowing, and
come forward somewhat earlier in the spring than they
would if the sowing was omitted till the usual tune.
With market gardeners it is an object of considerable
consequence to produce early vegetables, and with far-
M.ers it may be of some importance to make a part of
their gardens in autumn, when they have, generally,
more leisure than in spring. Miller's Gardener's Dic-
tionary directs in cultivating parsneps to " sow the seed
in autumn soon after it is ripe ; by which means tlie
plants will come up early the following spring and get
stromr before the weeds will grow to injure them. The
young plants never materially suffer through the severi-

ITEMS OP INTELLIGENCE. *f

Jl Cucumber, raised by Mr. Simeon H. Mason of East
Medway this season measures 14 inches in length, 13
inches round and weighs 4 lbs. 10 ounces; the deposite
has been removed to this office.

Mammoth Cucumber. Josiah M. Nichols of this town,
raised, this year, a cucumber, now in our office, which
measures in length, from the stein to the end, 1<I 3-4 in-
ches, and 14 3-4 in circumference, and weighed, when
partly dried, G lbs. 10 ozs.—Lijnn Record.

Accounts from Louisiana and Mississippi state that
the smrar crop is uncommonly promising this year, but.
tliat cotton has been somewhat injured by heavy rains.

Dr Geo. C. Shattnck has given five hundred dollar!
towards completing the Bunker Hill Monument.

The New, Jersey Railroad is now open for public usi
l,etween Newark and Jersey city, and great facilities o
communication are afforded by the frequency and rapid
ity with which the cars traverse the hue between th
above places. Large numbers are daily passing to an>

fro.

The Phrcnohgirid Caiujioign in tliis city was opene
by Rev. J. Pierpont, in a lecture stating the le.adin
principles of Phrenologists-that every kind, of emotie
(as Lovin.T. Hoping, Poetry or Imagination, &c.), hi
each its pc°culiar organ in the brain, and that the capac
ty for any emotion is in proportion to the size of tl
oro-an or part of the brain in wluch the faculty residt
Mr P. s;iid that Dr. Spurzlieim had suggested that, ,

VOL. XIII. NO. 15.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL

he tongue was a nerve for motion, another for feehng,
a third for taste, some years before it became known to
surgeons that interrupting the communication of a cer-
tain nerve with the brain would deprive the tongue of
motion — of another, destroy the sense of taste, &c. Mr.
P.'s reply to t)ie objection tliat ])ortions of brain iind
in some been obliterated without loss of any faculty, wjus
that like the eyes the organs were double, and that un-
less corresponding portions of brain on both sides the head |
were lost the faculty might remain. The lorni of the skid
was said to be dependent on tliat of the brain, which un _ ^_, ...^

dergocs a change, so that the perceptive faculties sup- " 1'.°^'''' "'' ^''^ep Uriii

,.,.,,' . - ,. ,, ■ , I here are also upon it

posed to be in the lower part m front, are full in youth ;

111

and the upper part of the head, containing the reasoning
organs, enlarges in mature age. Mr. P. spoke of the
increasing popularity of Phrenology, and considered it a
new and important revelation ofmantoman.

BUCKTHORNS.

For sale by GEO. C. BARRETT a lew thousand Buck-
thorns, Ihrifly and of good size. Oct. 15.

15,000 PEACH TREES.

Geiillernen desirous of loraiing orchards of (he Peach tree
are now olluivd a cnpilal »cleclioii of Ihe finest kinds.

Apply lo WILLIAM KE.NRICK, Ni-ivion. oct 1

FARM FOR SALE AT AUCTION.

WILL be sold at Public Auction on VVEUNESDAY,
llie TwtNTY-NiNTH day of Oclobcr iie.xl, al Two o'clock
111 tlie altcrnoon. U|)oii the premises, all llial Farm which be-
longed lo Asa Parker, Esq. late ol Jatlrey, deceased, silualeU
m llic norlh-easlerly pari ofsaid Jaflrcy, estimated lo conlain
TWO HUiNDRLU AND Kii-TY acres, more or less — biiunJed
north on Peter Uavis and the highway ; east on Joseph Saun-
ders, the highway and land of the cliildreii of Ande Holmes;
south on the children ofsaid Holmes and .Samuel Patrick ; and
ue*t ^)ii Joseph Hodge, Levi Fisk and others.

Saul Farm is well worthy the attention of purchasers, having
upiin It a Dwelling House of two stones, two Barns, and olhei
cuMifiuent t>uildings,is well wooded and watered, suitably di-
vided into Tillage, Mowing and Pasturing — and is valuable as

three or four hundred thrifty young
so that Ihe purchaser can immediately

PRIUES OF COUNTRY PKOi>UC£:

MULBKRRY TREKS

make arrangements lo commence ihe uuiuutacture ol iSilk.

Theriglil ofdowtT oi" ihe widow, antl the shares of all ihe
heirs, will be sold together, and a complete title given, and the
fann will be otiered entire, or in iots that may best suit pur-
chasers.

A small part of the purchase money will be required on the
execution ol" the dc-ed — fur the residue, a credit will be given
on mortgage^ it desired.

EDMUND PARKER. ; Guardians for the
STEPHEN JEWETT, 5 Minor Heirs.
Jaffrev, N. H. Sept. 17, I8;i4.

PARMER.

A [f experienced Farmer who would take charge or other-
wise of alarm, who can produce satisfactory recommendations
w ants a situation. Enquire al this oltice.

TREES.

vill execute orders in the mo.st
kinds, viz.

Ash, all varieties,
, Basswood or Tulip Tree,

American Elm,

Hornbeam,

?Iaplc', all varieties,

Spruce, Sac. &.C.

FOREST

\VM. MANN, Bangor, Me. a
faithlul manner lor the lollowing

Arbor Vitn or White Cedar,

Mountain Ash or Rouiidwood,

Kirch, all varieties.

Ilackmeiac Larch or Juniper,

Hemlock,

Pine, dillercnt varieties.
All who are desirous of procuring a quantity will find it for
Ihcir interest belore buying oUcwhere to write per mail slating
the kinds, qnantities. liie manner in which to be packed, &c.
&e. and teiins and particulars will he given.

Order-^ if more convenient maybe left with Mr. GEO. C.
BARIiETT, of the Agricultural Warehouse, where prices
current may be seen. 8w sept 24

FOREST TREES.

The subscriber having had several years experience in
procuring Forest Trees, tenders his services to the public in
thai line.

He is ready at any lime to execute orders for the deciduous
and evergreen trees common to the county of Kennebec.

Arbor Vila;, Spruce, Fur, Pine, Hemlock. L,;iic-h, Ash, Ma-
ple, Basswood, Mountain Ash. Tree Cranberrv, (a very pretty
slirnb) form a pan of the Catalogue of trees a'lid shrubs which
he is in the practice of ol)taining.

Direct to ZACHEUS (GOLDSMITH, Gardiner, Me.

Gardiner, M,;. August 'ZOlli, 1S;34. 6w. S.I7

FRUIT TREES.

Ornamental TREES, and PLANTS, &c
Nursery of WILLIAM KENRICK> in

Newton, Mass. df^mi/es from Boston hy the
Wcstei-n Avenue, and ^a mile from the Worces-
ter Rail ilnad.

This estal)lishnienl now compactly covers IS acres, and
comprises the selections of the finest kinds of Pears, Apples,
Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Apricots, Almonds,
Q,uinres. Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries,
and Mulberries, inclufiing the Chinese Mulberry, or Morus
Ml'lticaums. so celebrated for silk ; Strawberries, Figs, &c.
No pains, no labor, or exptmse has been spared, in obtaining
the most celebrated varieties, which have here been congregated
from divers climates and laiitndes, and from first-rale sources
—selections ada|>ted lo every seclion of ihe Union. The Or-
namental Trees and Planis alone, comprise one thousand va-
rieties, the most beautiful kinds known ; these include Horse
Chesnuts. Weeping Willows, Catalpas, Mountain A^h. Ailan-
thus or Tree of Heaven, Scotch Larch. Silver Firs. Venetian
Sumach, Altheas. Snowballs, Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c.— Su-
perb China and Har<ly Ro-^es. Herbareous Flowering Plants,
Paponies. and splendid Double Dahlias.

Gentlemen arc respectfully invited lo forward their orders
earhj. — Earlv in Autumn, bring an excellent season for trans-
planting. Ad.iressto WH.LL\M KENRICK, Newton, Mass.
Trees, *fcc. delivered in Boston without charge for transporta-
tion, they are selected and labelled with dae precaution and
care j and when ordered theuce. Ihevare suitably packed. and
forwarded to their desiination, bv laiid or sea. Or orders will
receive the same attention if left with Geo. C. Barrett,
who is agent, at his serd store and New England Farmer
-Office. Nos. 51 & bl. North Market Street; Boston. Cata-
iogues gratis on application. oct 1

500 PIECES ENGLISH MERINOS.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, has received bom New York
and will be opened on Monday morning, 500 pieces English
Merinos, of superior quality and colors, being the enlire im-
portalitm of one of the first importing Houses in the country,
and in anticipation of the season, will be sold at least lb per
cent, lower than they caa be atiorded in the Autumn.

aug 13 6iis 414, Washington-street.

1-INN.ffiAN GARDEN AND NURSERIES.

Flushing, near New Yor/c.—WM. PRINCE tt SON'S have
just published their A'ew Catalogue icitk greatly reduced prices.
Application therefor, and all orders, must be sent dirtct to
them per mail. The Fruit Trees are of the largest size for
transplanting, and suitable for Orchards to come promptly in-
to bearing. Of the superior new Flemish Pears, and oiher
new varieties, the trees are 3 to 4 years from the grait, and in
the most vignrous stale, as are also the German varieties of
Apples, Cherries, Plums and Peaches, which are so well cal-
culated for a northern climate ; Ornamental Trees and Flower-
ing Shiubs can be lurnishcd of the largest size, worth treble
tiie price of small ones, as several 3'ears are thus gained in
embellishments. In fact those who wish very superior Trees
can be assured of receiving such as cannot fail lo give them
salisfactiun J the immense stock ou hand, afi'urding ihc means
of making superior selections. The collections ol hardy Flow-
ering Plants, Green House Plants, and Bulbous Flower Roots,
have been enriched with all the new varieties, which are ofler-
ed al very low prices. The assortments of Roses and Double
Dahlias comprise all the splendid new varieties, and each
colleciion occupies an acre of ground. — A great discount
is made on boih these classes of flowers, and Splendid
Dahlias are supplied at ^3, ^4^ and ^G per dozen, each
root a distinct named variety ; Chinese fliulberry or Morus
Muliicantis, at ^'4.^ per dozen, ^25 per 100; Isabella, Ca-
tawba, Winne, or Buck, and Alexander Grapes, at ^3 per
<h)zen or $%) per 100; Superior Lancashire Gooseberries, as-
sorted at 53 per dozen, or Jg'iO per 100; Fine Red Raspber-
ries, ,§G per 100. Where so desired, seleclions will be made
ol ihe most hardy kinds of Fruit and Ornamental Trees and
Plants, suited to a northern climate, and the situation of our
Nurseries, which are in a lofty and open exposure, renders the
trees particularlv hardy. The assortment of Garden, Field,
and Flower Seeds is unrivalled in extent, and ibrms a complete
concentration of the choicest varieties known in Europe, and
this cniinlry, and having been raised under our own inspection,
or grown expressly for us by our correspondents, we expressly
guarantee their excellence and accuracy, and we ask no pay-
ment where they do not prove exactly as represented. The
Catalogue contains many new and very superior varieties of
vegetable and Flower Seeds, and among llie Field Seeds are
Superior Provence Luzerne. White Dutch Clover, Pacey's
perennial Rye Grass, New Italian do Early Angus and Hope-
lown Oats, English Potato Oats weis:h'ng 44 lbs. per bushel,
Orchard Grass, Tall Oals Grass, Trifolium incarnalnm. or
Early Crimson Clover. Burnet, *.Slc. Also, 100 bushels Tay-
lor's Forty fold, or Crimson Nonsuch Potato, which is now
taking precedence of all others in England, and 50 bushels Po-
tato ()nions. Venders of Seeds will be supplied at very low
rates and a credit to suit their convenience. Where a large
number of Trees, &c. are wanted, a discount will be made and
a credit allowed if desired, and to Nurseries the terms will in
every respect be made favorable. Every invoice emanating
troin us has our printed heading and signature, and none others
are guaranteed. oct 15

Apples, russets,

Beaks, white,

BEJfiE, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) . . . .
Butter, inspected, N o. I , new, .

Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, . . . .

Feathers, northern, geese,, . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, American,. ......

Flaxseed,

Flour, Genesee^ . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard str.
Baltimore, wharf, (none) -

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, , .
southern yellow, . ,

white,

Rye, Noithern, . . . .

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, . . . .

Hard pressed,

Honev,

Hops, 1st quality (new) . . . .

2d quality . . . .

Lard, Boston, Isl sort, . . . .

Southern, Isl sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" "PPer, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, .

Baltimore, sole,

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass. inspec, extra clear

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, . . . ]
Seeds, Herd's Grass^ (none) . '.
Red Top, northern, . ,
Red Clover, northern, .
WhitcDutch Honeysuckle'-

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full b'lood^washed
do. 3-4ths do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, ....
^ fPuilerl superfine, .
^~ I 1st Lambs, . . .
■==<Ji2d " . .

o ^ I 3d '' ...

^ [ 1st Spinning, . . ,
Soathern pulled wool is generally
5 els. less per lb.

barrel

bushel
barrel

pound

pound

bu.shel
barrel

oushe]

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
pound

H«)M\ TO

2 00, 2 75

2 lb\ '3 00

1) 5C

10 00

7 it

8 00

« Ot

6 25

11

23

15

17

!

9

3^

5

40

45

■6b

40

y

11

1 t'5

1 37

6 bt

5 75

G 00

5 62

5 75

72

73

b3

70

tii;

69

'(0

75

W

65

40

4.2

20 00

21 00

!3 00

14 00

14 00

15 00

W

" 50

18

19

lb

17

11

7

ii

17

19

10

12

13

17

IB

20

26

27

20

21

yo

95

17 00

18 00

13 OU

75

E7

«

9

2S

31

7 00

7 30

60

65

50

55

SB

42

35

40

32

35

38

40

30

55

40

42

30

33

23

25

35

40

?ROVlSJON MARKET,

RETAIL PRICKS.

Hams, northern, . .
southern, . .
Pork, whole hogs, .
Poultry, (uncertain)
BuTTfcR, (tub) . . .
lump,

Eggs,

Potatoes, . . .
CiPER, (new.) . .

pound

8

(t

14

20

dozen
bushel
barrel

16

37

2 00

19

y
7

17
25
17
50

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Oct. 13,1^34.

Reported for the Daily Advertieer and Patriot.

At Market 8G0 Beef Cattle, I4S0 Stores, 3200 sheep, and
20'-I0 Swine. Several lots and parts of Jots of Stores, and 450
Swine were reported last week.

Prices. Beef Cattle — There were some better cattle at
market this week than last. We noticed a iew very fine from
(Worcester County) which were taken for something more
than 5^- ^^'^ quote to correspond with last week, viz — prime
at 4 75 a 5; good 4 a4 50 (which included some very fine
cows) thin 3 25 a 3 75.

Stores. — Yearlings 6a 8; two years old, ^S a 14; three
years old 517 a 24.

Barrelling Cattle. — We are not able fo redeem our pledge
last week to give prices ; the limited number at market did not
enable the barreller to make sufficient purchases to establish
prices.

Sheep. — Good sales; a lot of lambs inferior quality sold for

1 1*2 1-2 and 1 25 ; lots 1 62, 1 84, 1 83, 2, 2 12, 2 25, 2 33, and

2 50 ; some fine wethers at market prices not known.

Swine — Sales quick at a small advance; lots not selected
half barrows at 4 c. and lots two thirds barrows ai 4 l*4c:
old barrows selected at 4 l-2c ; sows al 3 1-2; a lotof 400
shoats from (Chenango Co. N- Y.) a few more ihan half bar-
rows were taken in one lot at 4 1-4 ; at retail 4 1-2 for sows and
5 1-ifor barrows.

112

NEW ENGLAND

FAR

MISCELLANY.

From the Nevi York Mirror.
LOVE A DELICATE PLOAVER.

BT SOLVMAN KRDWN.

Hfre 's a heallh lo llie girl ihal refuses

To bnrler her heart for a name,
But marries llie man thai she chooses,

How humble soever his fame ;
For love is a delicate flower

That Glory may crush in his path,
Or the wildfire of Honor devour

As it scorcheih the earlli with its wrath :—
Love and Friendship and all,
Love and Friendship and all,
' Fame in his folly may trample

On Love, Friendship, and all.
Here 's a health to the girl that disdains it.

When Mammon would purchase with gold,
That never can touch but i( slams it.
The heart that can never be sold ;
For love is a delicate flower.

That Lucre pollutes by his touch, •
It withers and fades from Ihe bower.
If pampered by fortune loo much —
Love and Friendship and all.
Love and Friendship and all.
Wealth in his splendor may trample
On Love, Frieudship, and all.
Here 's a peace to the girl that despises

The gewgaws of fortune and birth.
And love to the maiden that prizes
The jewels of honor and worth;
May health and contentment attend her,

And earth all its blessings imparl—
May heaven in all its kindness befriend her.
And dwell in its temple— her hearl ;
Love and Friendship and all,
Love and Friendship and all,
Heaven in its brightness is open
To Love, Friendship, and all.

HOPE.

There is no happiness wliich hope cannot pro-

n,ige no difficulty which it cannot stinnount,-

no grief which it cannot mitigate. It is the wealt
of the indigent, the healtli of the sick, tlie freedom
of the captive. As soon as we have learned what
is agreeahle, it delights us with the prospect of at-
taining it ; as soon as we have lost it, it delights
us with the prospect of its return. It is our flat-
terer and comforter in youth ; it is our flatterer
and comforter in years which need still more to
be flattered and comforted. What it promises, in-
deed, is different in these different years ; but the
kindness and irresistible persuasion with which it
makes the promise are still the same ; and while
we laugh in advanced age, at the easy confidence
of our youth in wishes which seem incapable of
deceiving us now, we arc still, as to other objects
of desire, the same credulous, confiding beings,
whom it was then so easy to make happy. Nor is
it only over teiieslrial things that it diffuses its de-
lightful radi^mce : the power which attends us
with consolation, and with more than consolation,
tlirough the an.xioties and labors of our life, docs
not desert us at the close of that life which it has
blesseil or consoled. It is present with us in our
last moment. We look to scenes which are open-
ing on us above, and we look to those around us,
with an expectation still stronger than the strong-
est hope, that, in the world which we arc about
to enter, we shall not have only remembrances of
what we loved and revered on earth, but that the
friendships fioin which it is so painful to part,
even in parting to Heaven, will be restored to lis
there. — Broxon.

IMAGINATIOIV.

It is well known, from experience, that the ac-
tivity and consequent improvement of imagiiuition,
dciiend not a little upon the character of the ob-
jects with which it is first occupied. The great,
the sublime, the beautiful, the new, and the uncom-
mon, in external nature, are not only striking anil
agreeable in themselves, but by association these
finalities powerfully awaken the sensibilities of the

inalilies ik
leart, and

kindle tiie fires of youthful imagitnition.
If the student permit objects which are mean, low
or sensual, to usurp possession of his mind ; if the
books which he reads, and the studies that he pur-
sues, are contaminated with gross ideas, he has no
right to expect that this onmipotent fictilty shall
ever draw from the polluted treasures of his mem-
ory, any thing noble, useful or lu-aiseworthy ; or
that his name shall ever be enrolled among those
who have ileliglited, instructed, and honored their
native land and the world at large.

By an excessive indulgence in the pleasures of
imagination, the taste may acquire a fastidious re

OCTOBER 15, 1834.

MATHEMATICS

According to their proper definition, constitute

the science of quantity, either as subject to nieas-
tire or number. They are pure and mixed. The
imre consider quantity abstracledly, vvillioiit any
regard to matter or particular bodies ; the mixed
treat of quantity as subsisting in bodies, and con-
sequently are inlcrmixed with the consideration of
physics or experimental philosophy.

Mathematics are very properly recommended as
the best remedy to cure an unsteady and volatile
disposition. They teach us to reason in a clear
and methodical manner; give a manly vigor lo
our understanding, and free us from doubt and
nncerlainty on the one hand, and credulity and
rash presumption on the other. These studies are
calculated to teach exactness and perspicuity in
definition, connexion and conclusiveness in argu-
ment, carefulness in observation, patience in medi-
tation ; and from no exercises can the scbidar go
better prepared and disciplined to the imrsntt of
the higher branches of knowledge. The benefit
" ' ' - Mr.

miagmaiiuil, luc kibic iimy n^.-j.....'' - - --n--- " .

finement unsuitable to the present situation of hu-' to he derived from them is thus staled l.y

man nature ; and those intellectual and moral
habits, which ought to be formed by actual expe-
rience of the world, may be gradually so accom-
modated to the dreams of poetry and romance, as
to disqualify us for the scenes in which we are
destined to act. But a well regidated imagination
is the great spring of human activity, and the prin-
cipal source of iitiman improvement. As it de-
lights in presenting to the mind scenes and char-
acters more perfect than those which we are
acquainted, it prevents us from ever being com-
pletely satisfied with our present condition or with
our past attainments, and engages us contiiuially
in the imrsuit of some untried enjoyment, or ot
some ideal excellence. Destroy this faculty, and
the condition of man will become as stationary as
that of the brutes. — Lit. «,- Scientific Class Book.

From the Literary and Scientific ClassBook.
MEMORY
— Implies two things : a capacity of retaining
knowledge, and a power of recalling that knowl-
edge to our thoughts when we have occasion to

apply it to use Without memory the soul of

man would be but a poor', destitute, naked being,
with an everlasting blank spread over it, excepting
the fleeting ideas of the present moment.

There is one great and general direction, which
belongs to the improvement of the other powers as
well as of the memory, and that is, to keep it al-
ways in due and proper exercise. Many acts by
degrees form a habit, and thereby the cajiacity or
l)ovver is strengthened and made more retentive
and ready. Due attention and diligence to learn
and know the things which we would commit to
our remembrance, is a rule of great necessity.
There are some persons who complain that they
cannot remember what they hear, when in truth
their thoughts are wandering half the time, or they
hear with such coldness and indifference, and a
trifling temi)er of spirit, that it is no wonder tlie
things which are read or spoken make but a shglit
impression, and soon vanish and are lost.

The proper remedy is, to set tlie mind to work,
and apply the thoughts vigorously to the business;
for it holds in the struggles of the mind as in those
of war, — a persuasion that we shall overcome any
difficulties that we may meet with in the scienci s,
seldom fails to carry us through them. Nobody
knows the strength of his mind, and the force of
steady and regular application, until he has tried.

Locke : " 1 have mentioned mathematics as a wsiy
to settle in the mind a habit of reasoning closely,
and in train ; not that 1 think it necessary that all
men should be deep mathematicians, but that hav-
ing got THE WAY OF REASONING tO wllicll that BtUlly

necessaiily brings the mind, they may be able to
tranfer it to other parts of knowledge as they shall
have occasion." — Elements of General Knowledge.

TEMPERANCE ALMANAC FOR 1835.

RUSSELL, ODIORNE, & CO, have just puldishcd the
Temperance Family Almanac for 1835.

The Astronomical calculations are made by liie Editor of the
American Almanac, ll is also enriched by a vanety ol sla^-
menls suniresiions and anecdotes on Ihe greal subject ol tem-
perance. Although it has been published bul a tew weeks,
about 50.0a0 copies have already been publl^hed.

trr At a meeting of the Council of the Massachn setts
T.^erance Society, Sep.. 20lh, 183t, the following Preamble
and Vote, were unainmously adopted. s;,„.;p,v

The Council of the Massachuselts Temperance Sociey,
hav.ng examined the Tev.peraure J=^"''"'y "I '"''"''" ■,r!''±''S
in Botton. by Messrs. Russell. Odiorne, & Co. No. lo+ \\ a>h-
mston street, and Ford & Damrell, Wilson's l.ane. "ear St, te
Stieel, are of opinion that its extensive cuculation will be us( -
ful to the Temperance cause; therefore,

Voted, That it be recommended to the several Cotni'y So-
cieties, to endeavor to procure its n.trnduction into all the tow s
o, their Counties, and '" ^^^^^^ I^.K^En!' iV^);]^;:

.T. G. STEVENSON, Sec'nj.

Traders and Secretaries of Temperance Societies supplied
lor distribution at low prices by ^^^ ^ BARRETT.

FASHIONABLE SHELL COMBS,

Sign of the Goldin Comb, 2i2 Washington street, Bostov ,
Thf, fashion of (;ombs having undergone considerable mod-
ification during the last eighteen months, and the comt.s iii.w
«,,ru bcin"- much smaller than those formerly, nuluces the sut-
-.■ia)er to'su-'gcst to the ladies that they can have their combs
re 'uccd to conform to the present style. Combs thai aic now
lost to the owner, in consequence of their HeoKNKSs can oe
iliered into one or more combs with wrought or plain tops al
till- option of the owner, at a moderate charge.

'I'hey have on hand and are constantly manufaclnring the

most fashionable combs. Ladies in wanl of combs, will please

call before purchasing. i ai„

Jewelry an<l Fancy Coods at reduced prices for cash. Al-^o,

Warranted Silver Spectacles lo suil any age lor SfZ.m.

„^, , CLERMONt'c. HIWE.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is iHiblishcd evcrv Wednesday Evening, at g". per ^ •"»<"> ,
navable at the end of the year— but those who pay w, Inii
' i.Ciy days from the lime ofsubscribing.are eutillcd to a deduc-
iion of fifty cents. ., ^„.
OT No paper will be sent to a distance without paymeni
being made in advance.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Ford & Damkeli.

I^EW ENGI^AMD FARMER.

I'UIU.ISimD BV Gi:o. (•

VOL. XIII.

i:;i:i^fIL^2;fi^2^I^^

BOSTON. WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1834.

COMMUNICATION.

NO. 16.

For tile Aew England Fanner.
HEMEDT FOR TICKS Iti SHEEP.

BFr. Fessenbe.v — I nl)S(;i'vpil nil article in tli*'
N. E. Fai-iiici-, (No. 1 of (lio [ircscnt Vdliirnu) rec-
niiiiiiciidiM'; the decoction of toliacco for the des-
ti-nrtion of ti<-ks upon sliccp, liiit instead of tliisap-
|ilicutioi\, I slioiild prefer tfie smoke of the tohae-
e.o. Tliis can lie used at atiy season wlien sheep
are discovered to he infested with these tronlile-
sonie veriidn. The operation is easily perf irnied
liy means of a simple apparalns, fotuid, prolialily,
in the Uitchcn of every farmer, viz: a small skil-
let and a hand liellovvs. A few live coals are first
[Hit into the skillet, and then a kw leaves of tn-
Im-eo, which soon ignite. The chipper side of the
liellows is then placed on the skillet, and in this
position it is held by one of its handles, tofreih-
er with the liandle of the skillet in one hand of
the operator. The other hand liciiiir at liherty to
fiy the handle of the hellows. While one individ-
iml holds the sheep, opens the wocd in difTerenl
[daces aiido lose it around the noses of the hellov.'S,
tlie smoke drawn into the hellows hy the force
{riven it qiiic'kly finds its way to every part of the
sm-lace of the animal, ami immedialclj anrl efferlu-
alli) destroys every tiidv coming in contact with it.
I have practised this method in preference to any
that I have seen pnlili.-hed, not only on account (jV
the facility of the preparation and operation, hut of
the comfort of the animals. If yon shonid deem
this article snrticieiitly explicit, or wo'iliy uf «
place in the cohinms of your valnidde paper it is
It your service. Yours, &c.

C. Coleman.
Mount Pleasant, (near Frederh- Cili/J
Frederic County, Mari/lrind.

mi;;lit wish to introduce this truly valnahle and
profitable race of fowls into their collection. So
much superior are these fjeese to the ordinary
hreeds, that we wonder any person can he found
williiifT to continue raising them when such a su-
perior race may he so easily obtained. — Ifarren
Rhode Island paper.

GEUMAIV GEESE.

Every farmer who has bred the native geese
tnov.s what pestihnt animals they are. Almost
IS li'ilit as ■rulls they are capable of soaring as
ligb ; so that fences and walls are mere matters
if derision widi them. Wandering into mischief,
s their deli;;lit through life, and when killed, fat'
n<leed must be the bird which weighs seven
■ounds. All these imtowaril circumstances, ne-
essarily connecied uiih keeping the old breed of
eese, have discouraged many farmers from hav-
ig any thing to do with these animals; and no
romler, neither. But as every firmer does or
liould delight to see his yaril slocked with as
reat a variety of fowls as possible, provided the
■onlile is not too much, we would take the liberty
f recommending to notice, Mr. George Sisson's
tcellent breed of Gerni;m Geese. This stock was
nporied by the late Jmlire Sisson, from Bremen,
id has fully answered its very excellent char.ic-
r. The geese lu'e of the purest white — beaiild'ol
I swans — weigh when fat from 18 to 22 pounds
i'sh of an excpiisite c(dor .-ind flavor — fcaiheis
mndant and ol the first fjnality. Added to this,
id hy no means Ica.st, ihey are perfectly quiet in
eir dispositions. None of tlie squalling, creep-
g and flying iharacteristics, so odious and coni-
on in the native breed, attach to these heaiilifnl
rds. Mr. Sisson has a large flock at this lime,
d probably would dispose of stock to those who

From Ihe Farmer and Gardener.
MANUFACTURING OF SILK.

We have just been visited by a gentleman from
the laiul of perpetual improvement who has given
us the very agreeable intelligence that a machine
has been put in operation in Connecticut for nian-
unicturing silk, which accomplishes for that arti-
licle all that his countryman, Whitney, efiected by
his gin for cotton. Every part of the operation,
from the cocoon to the production of the most
elegant tissue, suited to every kind of wear, such
as ribbons, vests, and very superior silk for ladies'
dresses, can he nianufHCtnred in this luachine by
the common operators in those trades, without the
least difficulty. Specimens of which the "eutle-
meii presented for onr inspection, had been man-
ufactured in this machinery. The inventor, we
are informed, is a young man who was broichi
up in a cotton factory, and subsequently leaiiit or
perhaps we may say he studie<l machine making,
in the common shop attached to the factory.

There was an Englishman in the neighborhood
who had been weaving the silk raised in Connec-
lii nt, for the last eighieen years, with such an ap-
paratus as is used in Europe for that purpose ; but
it appears he had caught a little of the Yankee
iiolion, and thongbt his machinery might admit of
improvement — he accordingly went to the yoiin"
mechanic spoken of, and asked him if he could
not make him something that would do better
than his present locmis. The young man, whose
name is Gay, replieil yes, he guessed he could, if
he knew what he wanted. An inspection of the
loom accordingly look place, and the young man
went to work.

If our readers had been raised even in the cen-
tre of Connecticut, we do not believe they could
guess how he went to work. He did not go to
other sliiqis to see how others worked — he dhl not
lake down the Encyclopjedia and count the co^rs
imd pinions, anil teeth, represented in the plates
of the machines made use of in that cnnntry where
the people presume nothing can he done in the

wmld but by imitating them. No smdi ihiu"-

when this yimiig mechanic goes to study out any
new movement in niacbiuery, he turns his eyes tc

power to pioduce the desired etleci— thus nrovhi"
that ' "

" The proper study for mankind is man,"
This machine will cause silk to rival cotton in
he list ot our exportations, and that at no distant
day. It has been ascertained that the raw mate-
rial can he raised much cheaper than cotton and
manufactured at half the expense.

A child of fourteen years old can climb the
large white mulberry trees, which are as large as
a common sized ajiple tree, and gather 75 lbs. of
leaves in a day — this is termed a day's work for a
child in Connecticut. At this rate, in six weeks
the child will produce 10 lbs. of silk, the reeling
will be two weeks work for the satrie child, mak-
ing eight weeks work for 10 Ib.s. of silk, which, at
84 per Ih. (the market inice,) will he $40. Bii't it
will he remembered that this is from the white
mnlherry, and those of a large size. If the morus
multicavhs he substituted, which is a shrub that
may be kept from 7 to 8 feet high, and produces
a leaf when at its full size 10 by 10 inches; while
ihat of the other kind is but little larger than a
dollar; it will not he too much to say, that the
child can feed three times the number of worms
that has been mentioned in the above calculation ;
and experiment has proved that the same weight
of leaves will produce one-fifth more silk than the
white mulberry.

Admitting this, which no one acquainted with
the tvvo kinds of mulberry tree will be disposed to
deny,*,,: the air«oimt will stand thus:

6 weeks labor of a lad or girl, - eg

2 weeks of the same for reeling, . g

8 weeks boarding same at §1 per week, 8

Allowing the child to gather three times
the qiiantily of leaves as of the other
kind, which makes 10 lbs. of silk.

One-fifth to be allowed for the morus
multieaitlis, above what would have
been produced by the other,

At $4 per pound,

$16

SOlbs

6"

36lbs
4

this occasion, instead of proceeding jn the way
that machinists gener.-illy would have done, he set

himself down and began to work his fjiiifers he

observed how many m<iveuienis he could perfojiu
with them, and how the inflections of the muscle
operate to produce several motions, their origin
and inserliou at the joints, lie then proceeded to
the consideration of the wrist, the elbow, and the
shoulder, and proceeded to consider all the mo-
tions that the several joints are capable of per-
tormiiig, until he discovered a motion which cor-
responded with the one he desired to apply to his
machine, and then he discovered how to apply the

Total, - . $144
Deduct expense of labor and hoard, 16

Balance, - §1-28

It gives a balance of §128 for the labor of a

- ." ••■ - ■■- i:.rcs M.i child at that age for eight weeks. We have left

the interior inechamstu of his own frame—and on "nt of account the rent of the land as it would be

hut of small consideration, and cannot be ascer-
tained.

We think we have said enough (if our state-
ments are believed) to prove onr declaration, that
silk will in a very few years be produced in this
country to supply our own consumption, and as
an arlirlo of exportation will rival cotton in value,
if not in quantity.

Before our readers pronounce upon us that word
of auful import, visionary, we ask them to wait,
and weigh the evidence which two years will pro-
duce on our side. We will continue to detail to
them the interesting facts as they occur to us.

114

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 83, 183*.

GRAPES, &.C. IN MAINE.

James McArthur, Esq. of Limington, has rais-
ed the present seasnii, from vines planter! in his
garden in 1830, sixteen bushels of tlie Isaliella, Ca-
tawba and ElsinglMirgli Grapes. It is ascertained
lieyond a doiil)t tluit the climate of this State is
perfectly congenial to the cultivation of the above
varieties of grapes, and that wine of an excellent
qnality may be manufactured from them. With
proper attention our farmers may make their own
wine, and have it of far better quality than is gen-
erally imported from other countries.

Mr. McA. has an excellent garden and raises
most all the variety of luxuries which can be cul-
tivated in this part of the country. We were in it
the other day, and had a -fine feast of his grapes,
peaches, &c. and can attest to their good qualities.
While partaking of these good things we were for-
cibly reminded of Mr. Graham, who a few months
since in one of his lectures on vegetable diet, nuide
o\ir mouth water in describing the delicious taste
of a fine ripe peach when picked from tiie tree
and iimnediately eaten, and we may say we were
not at all disappointed in eating of this fruit, lor
the taste was fully equal to his description of it. —
Maine Recorder.

tioned. As the season for safe traiisplaiitiiig is
approacliing, or already come, we recommend our
friends to follow the cotinsel of old Dumbiedikcs
— " Be aye sticking in a tree, Jock ; they'll be aye
growing while ye're sleeping." — Boston Courier.

A TREE, OR EVEN A FI.O^^'ER

Put in a window in the street of a great city

(and the London citizens to their credit, are gen-
erally fond of flowers) affects the eye sometliiiig
I in the same way as the hand organ, which brings
j unexpected music to the ear. They refresh the
'common places of life, shed a harmony through
the busy discord, and a|)iieal to those first sources
i of emotion vvbicli are associated with the remem-
brance of all that is young and innocent. They
seem al.so to present to ns a portion of the tran-
quility we thiidi we are laboring for, and the de-
sire of which is felt as an earnest that we shall
realize it somewhere, either in this world or in
the next. Above all, they render us inore cheer-
ful for the ]ierformance of ])resent duties; and the
smallest seed of this kind, dropt into the heart of
man, is worth more and may terminate in better
fruits, than ;my body but a great poet could tell
us. Leisrh Hunt's London Journal.

ITEMS OP ECONOMY, &,c.

It is annoimced that a certain cine for the
Cholera is now known. Dr. M'Caig of Toronto,
gave sugar of lead in doses of five and even twen-
ty grains in solution with water. He tried the
experiment on two persons who were in the last
stages of the disorder, and curerl them. This
treatment is becoming general at Toronto. — Mun-
cij Telegraph.

The Doncaster Gazette mentions that an extra-
ordinary operation was lately performed by a far-
rier at 1'horne, Yorkshire ; lie is said to have
iiiiide an incision into a horse's sioimuh, and to
have taken out the s(de and heel of a shoe ! The
horse is completely recovered.

Still larger. In om- last we noticed, from a
Troy(N.Y.) paper, a peach produced in that vi-
cinity, weighing 8 ounce^, and measuring 9 1-2
inches in circumference. On Saturday last, we
saw a peach, taken from a tree in Brookline, which
weighed 8 1-2 ounces and measuring 9 3-4 inches
in circ.um fere nee. We also learn that a peach has
been taken friun the same tree this season, which
weighed 9 ounces, and measured 10 inches in cir-
cumference.— Columbian Centinel.

ASCLBPIAS SVRIACA.

A NEW and beautiful material, consisting of the
fibre of the external cortex of the Asclepias Syria-
ca, has within a few years been discovered in this
town^and the method of manufacturing the same,
which together have resulted in an original manu-
facture. Some specimens of this being recently
exhibited at the rooms of the Natural History So-
ciety, were imagined by some, and unfortunately
it was so iud)lislied in the Journals of tlie clay, to
consist partly of the iKing-* or arms of the seeds ;
which misapprehension appears to call for some
elucidation of the subject. The specimen articles
thus exhibited were all manufactured exclusivelij
o(\he fibre of the exterior bark of the stem of the
above named plant, which being subjected to vari-
ous processes, various results are oluained — form-
ing apparently ditVerent textures of the manufac-
tured articles. One process produces a substance
for a beautiful and substantial paper ; another for
fancy articles of almost every description ; and
another for a floss which may compare with the
finest silk. The fibre is patented, but the wings of
the seeds enter not into the grant, not being claim-
ed by the patentee as forming any part of the dis-
covery.— Salem Gazette.

APPLES.

A Philadelphia paper says, the orchards im-
mediately on the borders of the Delaware lau'e
nearly their usual quantity, while through the State
generally, the supply has entirely failed. In tins
part of the country, there were very few apples
except on orchards in the villages and meadows
near the Comiecticut, but we are informed that the
scarcity does not exten<l to all of the eastern coui;-
ties. Winter apples have been sold in this village
at 75 cents, and some at nne dollar per bushel.
The price" of russets in Boston, is about 75 cents.
— Hampshire Gazelle.

PRODUCTS FOR THANKSGIVING.

A CORRESPONDENT iufmriis us that there are
now growing in the garden of Mr. Zeiias Wood,
in Midilleborcmgh, four puuqikin vines, hearing
thirty-three pumpkii;s, the aggregate weight o(
which amoimis to 530 lbs. One of the vines
measures 21 rods in length, and has on it 14
pumpkins, weighing together 189 pounds. — Mw
Bedford Mercury.

NURSERIES.

A FEW miles from Boston, on the Worcester
rail-way, is the nursery of Messrs. Winship in
Brighton ; and a little further on are those of Wil-
liam and John A. Kemick in Brighton. No class
of men (except printers) deserve better encourage-
ment than those who invest their capital ami em-
ploy their time, in furnishing to agricidturists
every kind of fruit that the climate of New Eng-
land will ripen. Horticulture has been shamefully
iieglecte<l until within a few years. A garden was
liardly tolerated on a farm, and fruit, except the
spontaneous crabs of a common orchard, were not
to be tasted without great price. Much of the im-
proved stock of fruits has been supplied from a
few nurseries, — at none of which, will farmer,
merchant or manufacturer find a better choice or
more hospitable reception, whether he come to
see or to buy, tluiu at the nurseries above nieii-

CUTTING GRAIN BEFORE RIPE.

For seed we believe it is reco eiuled to let

wheat become fully ripe. For flom-, Mr. M'Cul-
loch says :

" I iiad my wheat fichl cut about ti'U days
sooner than the residue — it was kept separate, and
when recently brcmght to the mill, with the wheat
cut fiom the same field, at the usual time, the
early cut wheat weighed two pounds to the Imshil
heavier than the other. The fl(UM- made from it,
(there were ten bushels) is remarkably fine, equal
to any 1 ever had in my fiimily, ami superior to
any I have had this year from any other wheat.
I think it proper lo make these facts known, al-
though I would not say that a single experiment
like this ought to eslablish a general rule."

T. G. M'CuLLocii.

Iron Ore. In M(ugan and Walker counties, Al-
abama, Iron Ore in iibundaiice is discovered, aiul
is said to he of a superior anil pure quality, and in
the neigliborhood of fine water power.

From the Miihllesex Wliig.
ORNAMENTAL TREE SOCIETY.

The Secretary of the Cmicord Ornamental Tree
Society, submits the following Report of the pro-
ceedings of the Directors tin- the last year.

The Directors proceeded in the first plaie, to
divide the town into five districts, assigning to
each Director one district, and making it his duty
to ascertain at what points therein, ornamental trees
might he placed advantageously. They soon
found, that numerous as these trees seemed to be
already, there was yet amiile room fiir more.

After full deliberation upon the best method of
proceeding in their work, they determined to com-
inence with ornamenting the public squares and
grounds in the centre of the town, with the view
of exteiuling their operations in every direction, as
fin- as their resources would admit. More than
one hmidred trees planted in front of the two
Mceling-houses, and on three of the principal
streets leading therefrom, are exhibited to the So-
ciety as the results of their labors.

The season having been propitious, most if not
II the trees transplanted are in a thrifty anil vig-
(jrcuis state, imd miw promise to do well.

The designs of the Society have generally met
with favor, anil several individuals have furnished
trees and materials for protecting them gratui-
tously. The liberality of Capt. Abel B. Ile,\ woml,
in this respect deserves especial notice. This gi n-
ilenian supplied the trees and the materials for
protecting them, and assisted in transplanting the
whole of the beautiful row, on the street leading
by his liouse, as far as to the land of T. rrescutt,

Esq.

The Directors could not expect that all would
be agreed as to the expediency of planting trees in
certain places— as in front of the old Meeting
liouse for instance. There are always .llmse who
,ire averse t6 change, who are slartleil at improve-
ment, and seem to shudder at any innovation upon
the established order of things. Aware of this,
the Directors in the discharge of their duty have
endeavored to exercise their best discretion ; and
they have no doubt that if the trees already plant-
ed, shall live and thrive, they will themselves fur-
nish to the generations who shall sit under llieir

VOL. XIII. NO. 15.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOUIINAL.

115

lirariclii's, tlie iriost satisfiictory aiiriimeiits in their
own favor; and that ii full grown tree (ilanleci
in a public square, or l)y the vviiysiilo, for orna-
iniMit or sliaile, will uniformly line! a tViend in ev-
(^ry man of laste.

The wliole niiniher of trees planted liy the So-
ciety, iti(!ludin^ 14 by T. I'rescoii, Esq. is ir6.
Sycamore 45— Elm '25— Rock Maple 36— Ash
9 — and Blaek Birch 1 — of which 74 are guarded
wilh posts and 4'2 without protection.

Should the Society continue its operations as
successfully for a few years to come, as it has the
present year, the Directors have the satisfaction of
believing, that all the principal streets ill the towji
may be adorned with forest and other ornamental
trees, which shall stretch out their arms in after
times, to protect the citizen and tlie traveller from
the summer's heat, and rentier Concord one of the
pleasantest villages in New England.

J. M. Che.nev, Sec''ri/.

Concord, Oct. 18, 1834.

Prom the Worcester Palladium,
C.VTT1.E SHOW.

The Fanner's yearly holiday occurred last Wed-
nesday, and never was it more atn-ntively observ-
ed in this county. It was pleasant to see the yeo-
manry of the county pouring into our village by
thousands, and bringing with them in the spirit of
irjuocent rivalry the choicest productions of their
f.irnis, their dairies and their fire-sides. The
show we learn, was not so extensive in some of
its departments as on some former occasions ; but
the specimens exhibited were indicative of the
gradual improvement in husbandry and the other
useful and ornamental arts of life, which it is the
purpose of the Agricultural Society to foster and
promote. But we trespass on the province of
tliose whose duty it is to report the details of the
exhibition.

At eleven o'clock the Society, with a numerous
assemblage of citizens, repaired to the South
churcli, where an address was delivered by
Charles Allen, Esq. of this town, which was
replete with the products of a sound and matured
mind, garnered up in an extensive observation of
the present and the past, and exhibited in a man-
ner well adapted to the intended eflect.

After the exercises in the meeting house, the
Society partook of n substantial dimier, provideil
Ijy iMr. Bonney, at the Central Hotel.

By those who have been famiiiar with the
County from the commencement of the Society's
efforts, it is said that a great and important change
has already been effected in our origiu.d character.
This fact it is presumed, will stimulate all to re-
newed diligence, that every successive exhibition
may excel its predecessor.

PLOUGHING MATCH.
The Committee on the Ploughing Match Re-
pout: That they found a beautiful plat of ground
for ploughing, near the proposed depot of the rail
road. The Committee of arrangements had caus-
ed the plat to be laid out into /ant/s of the usual
dii^eusions ; but as the several lands had not been
uiimbered, a short delay was occasioned in the
morning from that circumstance. The teams start-
ed at precisely half past nine o'clock — having ta-
ken their respective lands by lot — and the work
was all completed at ten minutes past ten o'clock.
The shortest ttine within which any team perform-
ed its work was twenty seven minutes.

There appeared tipoD the ground to contend

for the pretniuins, ten single, and eight doiilde
teams. Of the single teams it was found thtit
the one belonging to Simeon Burt, Esq. un-
der the care of that skill'ul ploughman, Mr.
James Campbell, was entered with the secretary a
day too late — ofcomse this team would take no
premium. Mr. Burt, however, determined that
his team should not quit the field so. He direct-
ed them to do their part of the work, and they did
it well. The remaining single teams belonged to
David Carpenter, of Charlton — Elijah L. Case, of
Grafton — Hey wood & Rice, of Worcester — Leon-
ard Wheelock, of Grafton — Jonas II. Allen, of
Shrewsbury — Arnold L.Allen, of Shrewsbury —
Alplieus iMerrifield, of Worcester — Royal T. Mar-
ble, of Worcester — Tyler Carpenter, of Sutton. —
The eight double teams belonged to Simon Car-
penter of Charlton, Reuben Carpenter driver —
Stephen Marsh, Jr. of Sutton, himself driver —
Will. B. Harrington of Graftcm, Lorenzo Dow
driver — Elbridge Hewitt of Worcester, Jeremi-
ah Richardson ploughman, and Harrison While
driver — Elbridge G. Wheelock of Milbnry, him-
self driver — Wm. J. Eaton, Jr. of Worcester,
Ephraim Gates driver — Nathaniel C. Mower of

Worcester, driver — Leonard B. Ilapgood of

Shrewsbury, Lorenzo E. Hapgood driver.

After the teams had left the field, the Cominit-
tee were struck with the extraordinary and uni-
form goodness of the work. The Chairman was
apprehensive that he should be obligeil to take the
responsibility of deciding on questions upon vvliicli
his associates might be divided. No such exigen-
cy, however, occurred ; and in order that the de-
liberations of the Committee might be had wilh
entire impartiality, tlie Chairman gave to his asso-
ciates, the number only of the several lands plouv'li-
ed, and not the names of the gentlemen owning
the teams that ploughed them, until the premiums
had been determined on by the Committee. The
Committee claim no merit but that of going about
their work, with a sincere desire to decide right,
and in the exercise of their best skill and judgment
they recommend that the several premiums be
awarded as follows :
To William B. Harrington of Grafton, for

the best work with two yokes of oxen, $10,00
To Simon Carpenter of Charlton, for the

next best work with two yoke of oxen, 6,00
To Elbridge G. Wheelock of Milbnry, for

next best work with two yoke of oxen, 4,00

The team of Mr. Harrington consisted of two
pairs of three years old s/eerx. The beauty and
docility of those animals must have attracted the
attention of the Society : though it was only the
quality of their work, which was consiilered by
the Ccnnmittee. It is believed that no former
show can furnish an instance of so good work
done by so young a team. The plough used by
Mr. Harrington, and indeed nearly all the ploughs
upon the ground, were the cast iron ploughs ol
Mr. Nour^e, with a cutter and separate roller.
The ploughs of Mr. Nourse seem thus to have re-
ceived the almost unanimous testimony of our
husbandmen in their favor. Mr. Marsh of Sutton,
came nigh taking the third premium for double
teams. His oxen were remarkably docile, he of-
ficiating both as ploughman and driver. His
plough was one of the ancient wooden ones with
a roller and cutter — remarkably long and slender;
built much in the style and form of one of those
implements which will be described by the Chair-
man of the Committee on swine. Or if we had

nautical friends, we would give a perfect idea of it
by comparing it to Mr. Burden's steamboat. It
cut and turned the turf most neatly and beautiful-
ly. But the Committee thought it did not cut
quite deep enough, and that the furrows should
lap upon each oilier a little more. Mr. Marsh
would deserve a fonrih premium if we had it to give.

The single teams did their work with great
neatness and despatch ; evincing that they were
worthy of the liberal premiums which it has beeH
the policy of the Trustees to provide for them,
five of the nine single teams, are entitled to premi-
ums. They all deserve them. The five recom-
mended by the Committee to receive the premi-
ums are :

Arnold L. Allen of Shrewsbury, first, ,$12 0

Leonard Wheelock of Grafton, second, 9 00

Tyler Carpenter of Sutton, third, 7.00

Heywood & Rice of Worcester, fourth, 5,00

David Carpenter of Charlton, fifth, 3,00

All which is respectfully submitted.

Ira Barton, Chairman.

TOASTS.

The Mass. Spy gives the following as toasts
which were among the number drank at the Din-
ner Table at the late Worcester Cattle Show.

The Working Class ofov.r Citizens — Our support
in Peace, and defence in War. The bone and
muscle of a Republic is the product of its soil.

The Governor of Ike Commonwealth — The son of
a Mechanic; and the workmansliip of his own hand.
" Working men" must be unreasonably fastidious
not to be satisfied with such a model.

Agricultural Societies — While they stimulate the
ambition of the Farmer by pecuniary rewards, an
intercourse with their members may bestow, in
mora! worth, a premium more valuable in his call-
ing than an investment of all their funds.

Manual Labor Schools — Combining the culture
of the intellect with that of the soil. The best
Nurseries for the recruit of a Republican Govern-
ment ; and to perpetuate the institutions on which
it is founded.

The " Gold Region" — A curse to the country
where located ! New England farmers covet no
richer treasure than a golden harvest.

The Yeomanry of Massachusetts — In their selec-
tion of an Overseer, and other Agents for the
State Farm, should they exercise the discretion
they evince in the concerns of their own, the best
will be employed.

MERRIMACK CATTL.E SHOW.

The Cattle Show and Fair for this county held
at Warner was very well attended. The exhibi-
tion of animals, and of the fruits of husbandry and
mechanical skill were very respectable, and gave
lull evidence that the farming interests of the
County are not neglected. The address of Col.
Carrigain is spoken of as admirable. The next
fair is to be held at Boscawen Plain. — JV. H. Gaz.

TUN1VEL,1.I1VG.

The opinion of an experienced engineer is fa-
\orable to the construction of a tunnel under the
Ohio river, opposite Cincinnati, to cost $230,000.

A Paris paper says: " We have just received
from onr counlryman, M. Brunei, the assurance
I hat the famous tunnel under the Thames will be
continued. The British Government is about to
advance to him seven millions of francs to finish
this splendid work,"

116

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 33, 1S34.

From llie (Concord) Yeonian^s GazetU.
THF MIDDLESEX COUNTY AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY

Held its anmial Fair in this town, on We(ines-

day list. Tlie <J;iy was propitious, and a larger
concourse of people assembled than on any previ-
ous oce.asion. The nuinher of entries of stock
were 111; 51 entries at the pens, 23 entries of
working oxen, 19 of fat oxen ; last year there were
but 6 entries of fat oxen.

Six double tennis and twelve sin^'le ones were
entered to contest the Plonirliing Match, .Tiul re-
paired to the spot at 9 o'clock. The woik we
understand was handsomely done, though — owing
perhaps to the soil being .somewhat harder than
usual — it was not all done within the time.

A number of yokes of very fine oxen were
brought to the trial of strength in drawing loads.
Of the comparative merit of this exhibition we
are unable to speak. The long team numbered
103 yokes of oxen.

At half past ten o'clock, the Society was form-
ed in procession .-it Shepbcril's hotel, and escorted
by a band of music, entered the meeting house for
the public services. An appropriate (irayer was
offered by Rev. Mr. Woodbury, of Acton, chap-
lain for the occasion, and the address by Luther
Lawrence, Est], of Lowell. These exercises were
accompanied by appropriate and excellent nmsic,
performed by the singi-rs of the town in comiec-
tion with the band. The large bouse of the First
Society was literally filled, including a good pro-
portion of the fairer sex. Of the A(l<lress we are
scarcely able to speak in terms of justice. The
proiluclion w;is characterized by a li.ippy selection
of topics, jnilicionsly and ably discussed, iind was
replete with sound sense .anil practical truth. Tbe
orator chose for his general llieme, " the coun-
ty OF MiDDLESF.x." lie spoke first of our Ances-
tors, their general character, habits and pmsnils,
particularly as agriculturists. In contrasting the
agriculture of the country with wlnit it formerly
was, thespeakij- remarked that in many instances
the same acres produce now three times what
they did fifty ypars ago. He showed and with
great clearness and force, the iiriportance of the
markets of the coujitry to its agriculture.

The speaker next cited attention to the Public
Inslitidions and Puhlic If'urks of the county, re-
marking that iii ritference to these establishments,
Middlesex exceeds any other ecpial portion of the
country. He enumerateil particularly Cambridge
College, the mother of our literary institutions —
with its law and divinity school ; Newton Theo-
tegical Listitulion ; Mount Auburn ; the Navy
Yard at Cbarlestown ; our Hospitals ; Massachn-
eetts Agricultural Society having its seat at Brigh-
ton ; Stale Prison at Charlestown ; IJoston and
Worctesier Rail Road intcrsccling the Comity ;
Middlesex Canal. The water power of the coun-
ty, the speaker suggested, was probably better oc-
cupied than that of any other etpial section of the
country. He stated if we imderstood him right
that the manufactories and mechanical products
of Middlesex exceed annually those of any other
county in the United States. Paper niannfi(Mo-
ries of which there are fonrlecn, glass, nail, cast-
ing, card, whip, scythe, &c. were enutnerated ;
also establishnients for mtuiufacturing cotton ma-
chinery. The manufacture of cotton was stated
we believe, to be double that of any other county,
and the manufacture of vfoo! to be greater than

that of any other county. The speaker adverted
to the late enterprise of procuring ice fnnn Fresh
'oiid, in Cambridge, for exportation, and spoke
of the facilities for the successful and profitable-
prosecution of this enterprise. The speaker also
noticed the butchery at Cambridge, at which there
are inore animals slaughtered, than at any other
slaughtering place in the world.

The condition of the manufacturing and mechan-
ical interests of the County in connection with
those of Agriculture, in those towns parli(-nlariy,
which are immediately adjacent to markets, afford-
eil an excellent illustration, which the speaker im-
proved, of the iiii|)ortance of manufactures and ihi'
arts to the success of husbandry. The speaker did
not omit the suggesti<m that the existing state ol
things in the county promises an iiK^rease of pop-
ulation, and improvement, and wealth, surpassing
almost any other county in the Stale. ■

The speaker here remarked upon the influence
which Societies may exert in reference to the
prosecution of the important interests of the conn-
try. His remarks upon the subject of highways
were well timed, appropriate and excellent ; the
same may be observed of his remarks respecting
the preservation of timber.

The occa.-iou offered a fit opportunity to allude
to the subject of a proposed division of the coun-
ty ; ami the allusion of Mr. Lawrence to the sub-
ject, we think was such as to convince all present
of the inexpediency of division. The orator clos-
ed, after having held the undivided attention ol
the audience for nearly an hour, with a happy
anil eloquent appeal in behalf of Temperance.

We have given but a very imperfect synopsis of
this instructive and excellent adiliess ; and we
think the Society cannot better subserve its own
inlerels and those of the community generally,
than in requesting a co|)y and giving it to the pub-
lic.

There were ISO entries of articles at the court
bouse, few of which, however, we had <qiportuni-
ty to notice. Fruit which was used at the table
was very fine, particularly grapes and peaches.
The premium cider also was of an excellent qual-
ity-
There were also some noble exliibition.s of fat
oxen. We noticed particularly a pair owned by
Reuben Damon, of Cambridge, weighing 5,106
lbs. another pair owned by Ichidiod Stow, of Stow,
5 years old, weighing 4,105 lbs. ijotli these
yokes were very superior cattle. The latter is
rarely equalled, considering thi'ir age and mode
of keeping, in any part of the connly.

One fine ox owned by James Hrown, of Frain-
ingharn, and one owned by Zadoc Riigeis, of l^ow-
ell, obtained premiums. The eviiiliitinn of work-
ing oxen was remarked to be deciiledly superior
to any one before made in the county.

There were some superior exhibitions of swine
which received premimns.

The dinner of which the Society and invited
guests partook at half past 2, P. M. was served in
Mr. Shepherd's usually neat and siimplnons style.

It must be highly gratifying to the Yeomanry
of the county to meet each other once a year, and
on an occasion so immediately connectid with
their own interests. We hope that increased jit-
tenlion will be paiil to this occasion, and that the
next anniversary will witness a very markeil im-
provement in all the deiiartments of domestic in-
dustry.

LIST OF PREMllMS.

IJelsey Wright, Wesiford, carpet, - $5

Mary Proctor, Littleton, rng, - - 4

.Sally M. Nichols, Wesiford, do. - - 3

Anna Lovijoy, Carlisle, do. - - 2

Adeline Cogswell, Concord, a gratuity, - 1

Lucy Ucdibins, Acton, do - 1

."dariha Fiske, Lincoln, do - 1

Widow Mary Williams, Marlboro', do - 1

R. Stearns, Bedford, do - 1

Mrs. T. Presrott, Concord, do - 1

Louisa H. Hartwell, Bedford, coverlet, - 4

Lois Monroe, Carlisle, do - 3

llaimah L. C. Green, Carlisle, gratuity, - 2

Mary Sletirns, Wallhiim, lio - 1

Sarah Luring, Groton, do - 1

Mary R. Mllilreth, Groton, do - 1

Anna Wbitcondi, Boxboro', do - 1

Sarah Fox, Dracnt, do - 1

Sarah Wheeler, (ag. 4 yrs.) Concord, do. 1

Rhoda Carter, Chelmsford, hearth rng, - 1

Sybil Parker, jialcli car[iet, 1

Mary E. Foster, do - 1

Mary Dudley, Concord, silk qnilt, - 1

Emily 1\I. Il.istiiigs, Lincoln, do - 1

Eliza H. Hartwell, Bedliu-d, patch quilt, ,50

Lydia A. llaynes, (ag. 3 yrs.) qnilt, ,50

David Rogers, Tewksbury, 6 pr. half hose, 3

Moses Whitney, Slow, do - 2

Lydia Rogers, Tewksbury, 8 |ir. long hose, 1,50

Esther Wliiluey, Slow, 4 pr. ladies w. hose, 1

lielief Rohbins, do. 2 pr. long liose, - ,50

Lucy Tra.sk, Concord, 2 pair do. - ,50

Snsan Faulkner, Alston, 1 pr. woollen bose, ,50

Lucy Miriam, Concmil, 3 pr. ladies hose, ,50

Olive Pnscolt, Wesiford, woolirn blanket, 3

Zailock Rogers, Lowell, best plain cloth, 6

Zadink Rogers, do. b^st flannel, 2d prem. 4

Gratuities.

Thankful Hnlcbinsou, Carlisle, caps lace, ,50

David Rogers, Tewksbury, do. do. ,50

Eunice Cutler, Groton, chilli's winter dress, ,50

Lyilia ]5radley, Lowell, net shawl, ,50

Mrs. T. Prescolt, Concord, lamp stand rug, ,50

Louisa Boyntiui, Carlisle, 2 lace capes, ,50

I-Mlia Whitney, Stow, linen net bag, ,50

Charluite Dniton, Acton, 1 lace pelerine, 1
Asclial C. Parker, Billerica, 1 hindered merino

shawl, ...... 1

Louisa M. Preston, do. silk work hag, - ,50

Emily Rogers, Lowell, 4 pieires lace work, 1

Caroline Parker, Billerica, 1 piece do. - ,50

Sarah P. llosmer. Concord, bead purse, ,50

Eli/a Wliiicomb, Slow, do. ,50

Lyilia Whitney, do. bead chain, - ,50

Manila M. Conant, do. do. ,50

.Sarah A. Loriiig, Groton, do. ,25

Nancy Tnllle, Acton, do. ,25

Sally Ann Hastings, beautiful head bag, 1

Fidelia Rogers, Tewksbury, do. ,75

Abby Rogers, do. do. ,50

Mary Hartwell, Bedford, do. ,25

Olive Richardson, Wesllnrd, do. ,25

Cliarliiile Coiiaiii, Adou, do. ,25
Lyilia 11. IJayivard, Bedford, melon seed and

bead bag, . - - . . ,75

Sarah How, Concord, bead bag, - ,50

Jane Bigilow, Boxboro', do. - - ,50
Ellen B. Wheeler, Frainingham, wafer box

and chain, ----- ,50

Sophia Taylor, bend neck chain, - ,50
C.iroliue Hayward, Dracut, 1 pair of silk half

liose, ------ 1

Vr»I.. XIII. NO. 15.

AND UOUTTCULTURAL JOURNAL.

117

Aium VVIiilcoiiilv, Biixlioiii', 1 pair linen liose, ,50

Polly Gilisoii, Liitleioii, 2 pair hose, . ,50

Betsey W. VVIiilcoHili, Huxlioro', 1 do. ,50

H.iniet N. Piatt, Cmn'onl, 1 pr. fire screens, ,50

Eliza Ami Hiuld, Carlisle, 1 vvliite lace veil, ,50

Lnvii-e M. PrL'sioii, Billerica, 1 lace scarf, ,50

ReiilMai Hoar, Littleton, 1st pieiiiiuni on silk, 9

Henry Wriglit, Stow, sewing silk, - 3

John Stacy, Concord, ilo. do. - 3
Hannah Fox, Dra(!iii, 1 case of silk editings

of domestic silk, - - - 2

HKiinali E. Adams, Ashhy, fiinily record, ,50

Lois Jane VVhei'ler, Coinord, - - 50

[laiinah Wheeler, do. do. 50

Rehecca Peiinimaii, wroiijjht flying dragon, ,25

On Fat Oxen.

[clinhod Stow, o{ .Slow, 1st piein. - 8

Zadoi-k Rogers, of Lowell, 2d prem. - 5

Heiiiy Jewell, of Pe|ipen II, gratuity, - 3

Eliah B. Lane, of Bedlord, do. . 2

silas Conaiit, of Concord, do. . 2

On Milch Cows.

\aroii Morse, of Stow, 3d prem. - 8

riiiiothy Prescolt, Concord, 4lh do. 6

PLOUGHING MATCH.

single Teams.

5ilas Conniit, Concord, Isi prem. - 10

'reseolt Barrett, do. 2rl do. . 8

!;iij/di Wood, do. 3il ill). - • 6

;;iiarles L. Tarliill, Lincoln, 4tli do. - 4

)ariiis Ihilihanl, Concmd, 5ili do. - 3

Double Teams.

nines Baker, Lincoln, 1st prem. - 10

lliel Parker, do. 2d do. . 8

lliner 15. Lane, Bedford, 3d do. . 6

Lliel Hirtwell, Lincoln, 4di do. . 4

'liineas F. Hagar, do. 5i|i do. - 3

JVorking Oxen.

Lhiter B. Lane, Bedford, 1st prem. - l()

iiike Fiske, Waliham, 2d do. - 8

onas Viles, do. 3d do. . g

acol) Baker, Lincoln, 4th do. - 4

osliiia Brown, Concord, 5ih do. - 4

herman Barrett, do. 6.li do. - 3

JVeat Cattle.

ohn Legross, Concord, liest hull, - 10

. S. Beiiiiell, Framin^'iiam, next, . 8

laniel Blood, Pepperell, liiill calf, - g

. S. Welherhee, IMarlhoro, 3 year old steers, 7
evi Smith, Siidlniry, do. 5

ugusius Tower, Stow, 2 year old steers, 6

ihn F. Stone, Framin^'liam, yetirling do. 3

enry Jewett, Pepperell, steer calfs, . 3

adoc- Rogers, Lowell, heifer calf 5

avid Burton, Acton, do. 3

On Leather.

aac Brooks, Lincoln, sole leather, 1st, 8

finjaniin Dix, Littleton, next 4

aac Brooks, Lincoln, harness leather 6

elieiniali Ball, Concord, next best 3

bter Fletcher, Stow, best calf skins - 6

aac Brooks, Lincoln, next hest 4

lo. do. do. neats leather 8

injamin Dix, Littleton, next liest - 4

On Boots and Shoes.

ancis Hastings, Weston, 3 pr. cow-hide boots 6

idrew Warren, do. 6 do do. do. 4

Cutler, Burlington, 6 |ir. ladies kid shoes 4

Tiasa Cowdry, Soutli Reading, 6 pr. do. do. 2

On Straw Bonnets.

jrtlia Conant, Acton, 1st prem. 3

l.yilia Whitney, Stow, 2d do.

Mary Rice, Framinglmm, a gratuity
On Butter and Cider.

Alexander Mc'Kie, Billerica, hest lump butter
Josiah Blanchard, do. next best

L. Warren, Littleton, next best
Micah Crosby, Bedford, hest firkin butter
(Jeo. AL Barrett, Concord, best cider
Jouirihan Rice, Marlboro, next hest

On Inventions.
Elijah Whitten, Groton, soap-stone pump
■Viidrew Warren, Weston, tool in the manufac

tore of boots
Edward Phelps, Marlboro, (blind,) a basket
li. Brazer, Lowell, carpenter's plane
Abljali Stevens, Concord, a rifle
Susan C. Wheeler, do. a stool
Augusta Wright, do. scrtip box
Emily Wright, do. do.

On Fruit.
Samuel A. Coliurn, Lowell, box Hninburg grapes 3
John Clapp, Reading, white sweet water do. 1
Josefih Smith, Concord, native grapes 50c

Half bushel Peaches used at the table, no name, 2
(idniaii Fletcher, Billerica, for a basket Peaches, 1
John Clapp, Reading, for Peaches, - 50

Charles Smith, Waltham, very large water-
melon, - - - . . 2
Dr. Kitti idgp, Chelmsford, 4 do. from one seed, 3
Josiah Adams, Framingham, 2ud best do. 1
Maiiin Wood, Littleton, 3d best do. - 1
David Whipple, Concord, one large encumber, ,25
Samuel A Cobiirn, Lowell, a large cabbage, ,50

5
3

2

10

8

5

5

2
2
3
3
1
60c
60e

Samuel Lakin, Lexington, for a squash,
James Dei by. Concord, a large do.
Emerson Barrett, do. 2 do.
Hiiniphroy Hunt, do. a basket of potatoes,
Charles W. Johnson, very fine pears,
John Clapp, Reading, pears and apples,
Simon Tuttle, Acton, pippin apples,
Abel Junes, do. do. do.

N. S. Bennett, Framingham, for apples,
Henry Robinson, do. do.

Angostiis Tower, Stow, N. Y. russet,
Isaiah Green, Carlisle, lor blue |)earinain,
John Brown, Concord, do. do.

On Swine.
Charles W.Johnson, East Sudbury, best boar, 8
Jos. Darby, Concord, next hest, - 6

Charles W. Johnson, East Sndhnry, best breed-
ing sow, - . . - .
Jos. Darby, Concord, next best,
John H. Wheeler, Concord, best pigs,
Francis Wheeler, do. next best,

Oti Farms.
Asa Parker, Acton, 1st preniium,
Stephen Rice, Marlboro', 2Md do.
.Simon Tuttle, Acton, 3il do.
Win. Buckniinsler, Framingham, pear trees,
Lavvson Buckminsler, do. apple orchard
Reuben Hoar, Littleton, innlberiy trees, Istpr. 25
John Stacy, Coiicord, 2nd do. - - 15

The fdlovving is a list of the ofiicers chosen for
the ensiling year, viz :

Abel Jewi'tt of Pepperell, President ;

Daniel Shattnck of Concord, 1st Vice President •

Eli Rice of Marlboro', 2d V. P.;

Edward Jarvis of Concord, Corresponding Sec-
retary ;

Jidiii Stacy of Concord, Recording Secretary ;

Cyrus Stow of Concord, Treasurer.

,50

1

,75

,50

2

1

1

,75

,75

,75

,75

,50

,50

25
20
15
10
15

TOAS'i'S.
.- The following, according to the Bunker Hill
Aurora are toasts drank at the late Middlesex Cat-
tle Show :

1. Our Anniversary Celebration. Its founda-
tion is the earth, its support industry, temperance
and enterprise.

2. Our Governor. He has ability and industry,
and is above all party bias — may he guide the
.Slate in the constiiiiiional current, and leave her
in the haven of happiness.

3. Two modern Scourges. The Asiatic ehol
era and the ultra ]iarty sjiirit — both sjiasniodic and
fatal. The first produces physical, the other mor-
al and political death.

4. The present Generation. With our cup of
blessings full and running over, we are dissatisfied
and are destroying our best institutions, in the
vain hope of the golden egg.

5. The Massichusetts Agricultural Society. In
full health and beauty she retires for the season,
that she may allow her daughters to engross pub-
lic attention.

6. Hon. Edward Everett. Wliile Middlesex
shall he represented in the national councils by
men of his ability and industry, her interests will
never sillier.

7. The high Party Press. A sort of safety
valve, through which high pressure politicians cor-
rupt the political atmosphere by letting off their
gas, till at length they burst llieir own boilers and
blow themselves sky-high.

8. The good ship Constitution and her figure
bead. We are no fVionds to the violence of the
taking ofl", nor to the folly of |iulliiig on.

9. The culture of ihe Hop.

He who will cullivale the Hop,
And pole and trim from ground to top.
And Iteep it poing and never slop.
Will reap a fortune for his crop.

10. The President of the United States!. May
he yet live to bless mankind, exorcise the Kitchen
Cabinet, and patch up all the breaches he has
made in the Constitution.

Fat cattle and fat oflices. The one fills the far-
mer's pockets, the other empties them.

Middlesex District. She has got good hard
timber enough of her own — let her use it, and
not go to Boston and get a sapling.

The following was given by the Chairman of
th? hog Committee ;

The Constitution of the United States: which
our fathers planted in its rich soil — the man who
Would disturb its roots is a hog, a whole hog and
nothing but a hog.

APPLES.

Wf. have been presented this week with a liand-
snnifi lot of apples by Hail M. Sisson, Esq. of this
town, which grew in his orchard ; 16 of which
would fill a peck measure, and 68 a bushel.
These apples are called the " light house russet,"
and by some are known by the name of the "cork
apple." From the tree on which these grew,
(which is not of a large size) 18 bushels of good
sound apples have been taken this fidl.

The same gentleman inforiTis us that from 14
trees in his orchard, he has recently picked 200
bushels of good \Vinter Ap|des. If any of our
liiriners can heat this, let them come on. — ff'arren
Rhode Island Star.

118

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER HI, 1S34.

NEW liNCiLANU FARMEK.

BOSTON, WEl)^'KSDAY EVENING, OCT. 22, 1834.

ships down to the coasting vessels which are so import-
ant to our ever increasing commerce. This Company |

ITEMS OP

The Vigctablc Market.

INTJEl.l.HiBBiCK.

Ahnost all sorts of vegetables

whose capital we understand is 200^000 dollars, intend and fiuits are selling in our market at unusually hiiih

BAST BOSTON.
We were highly gratified by an excursion, which we
some time since enjoyed, in pursuance of an invitation
to view improvements and prospects in this interesting
section, of our thriving Metropolis. "VVe embarked in
the steamboat General Lincoln, with a number of re-
spectable inhabitants of this city, and its vicinity ; and,
after circumnavigating what was formerly calledNoddle's
Island, now East Boston, and admiring the natural and
artificial advantages of tlie place, we partook at the new
Hotel, called The Mavkrick House, of an excellent
collation, provided by the East Boston Company. We
then proceeded to observe the Improved liaUwuij invent-
ed by Col. Sargent, in which the car and its load are
suspended from a single rail in a very ingenious, eco-
nomical and scientific manner. Seeing what the place
is, and knowing what it recently icus, we could scarcely
help fancying that the whole was the effect of supernat-
ural agency — the work of some powerful beings, who
like the Genii of" Arabian Nights" could cause '■ cities
to rise like exhalations," by the mere e.xerci.se of crea-
tive volitions.

We shall briefly advert to a few objects, which pre-
sented the most prominent indications that the Hand of
Industry, and the Spirit of Improvement were working
wonders on this once barren strand ; which a year or
two since seemed more like the " Head Quarters" of
solitude and barbarism than a worthy appendage to this
Emporium of Commerce, and the home of an intelligent,
industrious and highly civilized community :

A Free Bridge across Chelsea river, connecting East
Boston with the Main, nearly completed. A road the
whole distance across the Island, and over the Bridge to
Salem turnpike, is laid out, and it is expected will be
completed the present season, afibrding the most level,
pleasant and shortest route from the city to Salem. A
spacious and convenient Hotel is finished. A solid
Wharf 1100 feet long and 310 broad is in progress, and
near its completion ; and at the end of said wiiarf two Pier
Wharves are extending out l.'>0 feet for the Steamboat
Ferry, ending with a drop that rises and falls with the
tide. A Sugar Refinery, 130 feet long, 70 feet broad,
and eight stories high, is nearly ready to receive the
roof, with dwellings, shops, &c. for the accommodation
of the operatives. One Steamboat of the first class, to
ply to and from the Island, as a ferry-boat, has been
built at E. B. this season, and another of equal dimen-
sions is about being commenced. Timber for a ship of
between .500 and (iOO tons has been transported from tlit
Grand Island in Niagara river to East Boston, by the E
B. and Niagara Timber Co., and already in progress of
liuHding at the yard of Messrs. Brown & Bates, to be
owned by an enterprising merchant in this city. About
20 Dwelling Houses, many of them very elegant, will he
erected this season, together with a School House. Sev-
eral extensive Wharves and Docks are in a slate of great
forwardness for mast-makers, mackerel packing, repair
iiig of vessels, and various other important mechanical
ojierations ; and early in the ensuing spring the music of
the axe and the hammer will for all time to come en-
Tiven tlie solitude that has so long reigned on this de-
lightful Island.

There arc also extensive clay grounds for making
bricks, and beds of sand and gravel, on the Island. A
company is about being organized for building a Mer-
cantile Railway on a large scale, who will early in the
spring lay down six tracks for Marine Railways, thus
being enabled to afford every facility for repairing with-
out delay vessels of every size, from the largest merchant

adopting every improvement which is important in the
construction of these works, and the vessels will be haul-
ed up by a Steam Engine, which will also drive other
machinery attached to the works ; a large Pier is to be
built out at which vessels may lay while undergoing ic-
pairs, and they will be transported to and from the works
by a steamboat attached to the establishment. Inclosed
within the premises will be the workshops of black-
smiths, riggers, painters, joiners, and in fact every kind
of mechanical work necessary in repairing vessels, and
the whole when completed will be one of the most per-
fect depots, for the use of the merchant service, in the
world.

On the whole, we believe that the location, natural
advantages, and capabilities of East Boston, in the hands
of Yunkcij-Opvrat'ajts, will soon render that place very
eligible for those who wish to acquire property in honor-
able mercantile and manufacturing pursuits ; and there
are numerous pleasant and romantic sites, on the Island,
which may aiibrd delightful residences for men of opu-
lence, who wish to retire from the active pursuits of the
money making majority of mankind.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

An adjounied meeting of the Mass. Hurt. So-
ciety WHS helil at their room Siitunlay, Oct. iSili,
1S34, E. Vose, Esq. in the chair.

The Secretary lieing aliseiit, Chu's M. Hovey
was appointed Srcretary pro teui.

There being no liiisiness before the Society the
meeting was ailjoiirned to Saturday, Oct. 25th,
1S34, at 11 o'clock, A.M.

Chas. M. Hovev, Rec. Sec. pro tein.

EXHIBITION OF FRUITS.

HorlkuUurnl Hall, Salurdaij, Oct. 18th, 1834.

Pears. By Mr. Manning — Orplieline or Orphan
Pear, Green Sugar or Sucre Vert of Uuliamel, and
tlie Beiirre Bo.x.

By Mr. S. Pond — Fidlon Pear, very fine ; also,
the Riislimoie's Bnricliretien.

By Messrs. Winsliip — Bleecker's Meadow.

Apples. By Mr. Delano apple, from

Charleston, N. U., an oblong dark red fruit of a
fine flavor.

By Mr. E. M. Rieliards — Pomnie d'Ajii, a spe-
cimen of donlili; fruit.

By Mr. S. Pond — The Harvey, a very large yel-
low fruit, of a fi.it fortn and excellent flavor.

By Messrs. Winship — Blue Pearmain.

By Mr. .'\Iaimiiig — Harvey or Fall Harvey ; Os-
good's Fav(u-ite, a fine fruit, of medium size,
striped with pale red, of a sweet )ileasant flav(u- ;
Killam Hill ; also. Hall Door, a large round fruit,
slightly stained inside, the flavor rather acid bin
good.

<luinces. By Mr. R. Barrett of Lancaster —
Pear shaped Quinces.

By Mr. Pond — Japan Quince, or as it is usually
called Pyrus J.iponicus.

For the Committee, William Kenrick.

ITEMS.

The value of real and personnl estate in the city
and county of New York, by the estimate of this
year's as.sessmeiit, auiounts to one hundred and
eighly-eifrtil millions of dollar.i ! ! !

Fort Jldams. More than 500 men are employed
on the great Fort, at Ibe entrance of Newport Har-
bor. The weekly disburseineuts are about $12,000.

prices. Irish potatoes command 40 to 50 cents by quan-
tity. We hope the people of Maine, that Tory state ^id-
joining the British Kingdom, have plenty of them this
year and will send a hundred cargoes this way. We
like their potatoes better than their poUtics. Apples
sell at .50 cents to a dollar the bushel. Turnips are
about the same price as potatoes. Cabbages arc almost
the only article which is plenty. — JV". Y. Journal of Com-
merce.

We repeat the irjformation to farmers, that potatoes
are selling here at 0 and 7 shillings a bushel ! A most
outrao-eous price for an article which can be grown so
easily, and in such inexhaustible quantities as potatoes.
At the price they are now selling farmers can afford
to cart them fifty miles. We dare say, in the in-
terior of Massachusetts, first rate potatoes are selling at
not over 17 cents a bushel. Mem. bring along some
apples too, when you come — they will pay you fifty
cents to a dollar the bushel, according to quality. — JV'. 1'.
Jour, of Cotn.

The Baltimore American remarks that previously to
the introduction of steamboats on the Mississippi, the
amount of goods transported between New Orleans and
the towns of Louisville and Cincinnati, was only two
thousand tons, carried in barges averaging one hundred
tons burdien, and making only one trip within the year.
The amount is estimated to be at present upwards of one
million of tons, the tonnage of the steamboats employ-
ed in tliis portion of the trade on the Ohio and Mississippi
alone being 8400, and each boat making many trips in i
year. This is truly a most extraordinary increase of
trade in less than twenty years, steamboats having been
first introduced on the Mississippi in 1817. — JVcic Bedford
Mercury.

Dr. Julius, of Hamburgh, a gentleman of great repu-
tation, is at present visiting this country under the pat-
ronaire of the Prussian Government, for the purpose of
inspecting our prisons and lunatic asylun^s.

Gale at the. South. Letters from Natchez state, that
much injury has been done to the Corn and Cotton in,
that neighborhood, by a violent storm wliith began on'
the 4th of September, and ended on the 8th. An?,
overseer of one of the plantations near Natchez, writes*-
tliat the storm w.as as destructive as that of 1831, by
which half the crop was destroyed.

Riots in Fkiladcljihiu on theXCth inst. About nine o'-
clock, a number of Jackson men were seen actively em-
ployed in distributing clubs and administering strong
drink to their adherents; this was shortly followed by
an attack from a number of the Jackson men upon the
Whio- Quarters, by throwing stones and shouting oni
their followers. This was continued but a few minutes
when a number of the whig party returned the attack
with such violence that the Jackson men retreated. Af-
ter obtaining a reinforcement, they renewed the attack,
assailed the Whig quarters, tore off the window shutters,
doors, ttc. and kindled a fire around the Whig Liberty
Pole with the wreck of the demolished shutters anr
doors. During the enacting of these scenes of outrage
the threats of vengeance and destruction of the Whigi
and their quarters from the augmented Jackson host
roused the former to the determination of defending theii
Quarters to the last extremity and for this purpose pro
cured fire arms. The expected attack was made— thi
Whigs within the house fired, and wounded report say
eighteen of the Jacksonmen. After this the wholi
of the party attacked the Whig quarters, drove out tli.
occupants and set the premises on fire.— I/. S. Gazette.

VOL. Xllt. SO. 15

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

119

Murtiuitij. Mr. C.ispar, Professor at Berlin, lias pub-
lished a series of observations, tending to show the com-
parati"e longevity of persons employed in ditForent oc-
cupations. Tiie result of the whole is that of one hun-
dred clergymen, forty two reached the age of seventy;
of im tarniers, 40; of 100 military men, 32; of lOU
lawyers, 21); and of 100 physicians only 25. In order
to arrive more accurately at tlie result, he confined liis
ohservations to physicians in practice, excluding such as
were in a consideiable degree occupied by the sciences,
connected with that of medicine, such as naturalists, sur-
geons, itc.

Mammoth Cabbage.— X Cabbage was raised on the
farm of Mr. Anthony Halse, of Bushwick, weighing
twenty-one and a quarter pounds, and measuring A6
inches in circumference. — -Lottir Island Star.

VXiUil POil SA1.K AT AUCTION.

WILL be sold at Public Auction on WEDNESDAY,
the 'J'wK> rv-NiiNTH day of OcLober next, at 'I'wo o'clock
ill tlie aUL-rnodii. upcm llie prtini.^es, all tlial Farm whicli bc-
lonj:xd lo Asa Parker. E>q. late ot JurtVey, ckeeased, siiualetl
ill Uie iioriii-easierly part ol .said JaflVey, estimated to coiitaiii
TWO HU.NUKKU AND FiKTV acfes, uiore or ie&y — bounded
north uij Peter D-ivis and the higliway ; cast on Joseph Saun-
ders, the liigliuay and land of ihe cliildien ol Anile Hulines;
suuih on ihe cliildren olsaid Holmes and Samuel Palrickj and
%%est on Josepli Hodge, Levi Fi^k and others.

Said Farut is well worthy the attention of purchasers, having
upon it a D.vellinj^ House of two stones, two Barns, ajid oilier
convenient huildnigs, is well wooded and watered, suitably di-
vided uilu Tillage, iMowingaud Pasturing — and is valuable as
a slock, ur sheep larni.

There are al-o upon it three or four hundred thrifty young
MULBKKUV TKKKs, SO Ihai the pureh iser cafi immediately
make arrrtn^emenls lo commeuce tlie manutatiure ol Silk.

The n^hi oi'duwer of die widow, and the shares of all the
heirs, wdl Ite sold together, and a (■(nnplele title given, and ilie
farm will hu offered eulire, or ni Jots thai niay^ best sua pur
chasers.

A small part of the purchase money will be required on the
execution u( the deed — lor the residue, a credil will be given
ou mortgage, it desiretl.

EDMUND PARKER, ) Guardians for the
SfEPHi^N JEVVETT, J Minor Heirs.
Jaffrey, N- H Sepl. 17, 1834.

spi.[!:adid bulbous roots.

This day reieiV'-d direct from Holland, a spleinlnl rolleclion

o( Double uiui .H^t^-ff Hyacinths, PoLVANTHos, Nakcissus,

double and single JoNtiuiLLs, CKow^ Impkkial Crukus,

Gladiolus of sorts, Fkittellekas Amaryllis, &:c.

GEO. C. BAKKEIT.

New England Heed Store

STRAWBERRY PLAMTS.

For Sale, at New England Seed Store, 51 and 52 North
Market street, the lollownii^ kinds of Stuawbkkry' Plants,
some ol ihein new and line varieties. Orders are sulu'iietl
early.

PRICE pr doi

Chili,

\lpme,

Aleiliveii Caslle,

Wlnle Chili

Chill Large Scarlel,

Wilmui. -

Keen's Seedling, -

Dowiiton,

iMulbeny,

Bath Scarlet,

Rosflierrv,

English ItedWood,

d... While do.
Pine Apple,
HautlHii>,
Monil.ly White Bush,

do. Seal lei do.

tb

•ib

25

Early Virginia,

Genuine Muntlilv Alpine,

WclliiigliMi orBosluck,

Roval Searlet,

Grove End,

Carohne,

Large Lima,

Large Early S^'nrict,

Freneh Musk Hauihois,

Souihhoro' Seedling,

True prolific Hauit.uis,

Kneveti's New Pine,

New or Black Hauibois,

l2Aea

do do
25
25
2.'>
37i
5ii'
511
50
50
oO

n

50
50

prlOO

5fl

BRKMKN l^KKSfi:.

For sale, a few pairs oi'tine Bremen (jeese by

GEOKUE C. BARRETT.

I?' A Kill KK.

An experienced Farmer who would lake charge or olher-
wise ol a larm, who can produce saiislaciory reconimeudaiions
wants a siiuation. Enquire al this olliee.

BUCKTHORxXS.

For sale by GEO. C. liAKivETr a lew thousand Buck-
thorns, Ihriliy aud ol good size. oci. 15.

15,000 PKACH TRKKS.

G>'iitlemen de-.i.ou3 ol lorining orchards ol' the Peach tree
are now oHercd a capital seleetiuii ol Ihe linesl kinds.

Apply to VV^IuLIaM KEiNKiCK, Nevvion. ocl 1

(^Rii^KAl MOLb^ Oil.Aa».

200 bcves veiy thick— lor sale by LOidNG &. KUPFER,

Im sep o

No lo lUerchanl's Kow.

A OTIC K.

An experienced farmer would like lo hire or lake the super-
intend,, uceol a larm m the vieiuuy ol Liuslun. Good releren-
ces cau be*given. Liquire at ilua oiiice.

SITUATIOJX VV AiXTliO.

An experienced gardener wnh Ins wile would like a silua
lion as s.uch. Gooii recuinmeiidaliuns will be pioduced.

Eiiq.iire ai iins olhce. oct 1

NOTICK TO 110KT1CIJL.TUR1STS.

A new plan lur lal)ellnig Plants, Trees and Fiowers, which
will be lounU valuable lor durainluy and convenience, has lu-
uuced the SnbsciiUer lo propose to lutnish ZUMC LaBELS,
with the name ol ilie Tree, I'laiil or FIowlt denned, so wiiUen
upon il as to duly nine lo oldutirale U- I'hoae who wish to be
luinished with ilietu will send a list ol huch names as are want-
ed. 'I'he Ztui: I'lckeis wruien upon will be lurnished at tiom
ajl lo ^1.5u per iuU. Tky thlh.

oco GEO. C. BARRETT.

LIiMi\.^AN GARDKJV AND A'URSBRIES.

Flushing, near New yy/7.:.— VV AL PRLNCE *fc SOiNS have
just puiihsiied then i\eii} Calalogue iiitii gieatiij reduced p-ices.
iVpplicdiion tlitrtlor, and ah oiders, must be senl dutct lo
taent per mad. 'I'lie Fruii Trees are ot the largest size lor
iranspianiiiig, and suiiab e loi Orchards to come promptly in-
to bearing. (Jl ilie supeiior new Flenii>h I'eais, aud other
new varivoes, the iiees are ^ to 4 3 ears liom ihe grail, and in
die most vigwiou^ slate, as are aUo ilie German varieties ol
Appie>, Chtrriis, Piunis and Peaches, v^hivh aie so well cal-
c Ilia led lor a iioi iliem clunaie j Ornamental J'lees and Flower-
ing Sii ubfl can lie luinished ol the largest size, wonh treble
the price ot small ones, as several yeais are thus gained m
einbelhslmient.-.. in tad Uiose who wish very superior Trees
can be assured ol receiving such as cannot lail logiveiheni
aalt^taetioii 3 ihe immcii>>e stuck on hand, aHordiiig the means
ol making superior selecliuiis. liie colieciions oi hard_\ Flow-
ering I'laiiU, Green Hou-.r l^ianls, aiiti IJulhuus Flower Roots,
have been enriched witli ah the new \arieiies, which are oller-
ed al very low prices. 'I'lic assoitmenis ot Roses and Double
Dahlia.i comprise ail ihe splendid new \aiieiies, and each
colleciion occupies an acre ol ground, — A greal discouiil
is nuuiC on boili these .classes ol Huwers, and Splendid
Dahlias are supplie-i al J^J, ^4^ and Jjjb per dozen, each
looi a di:)iinci iiouieil \ di lei} j i^Umese iMulbeiry or iMorus
Aiulucaulis, al ^j-k^ i>ei ouzen, ^"-5 per lOUj Isabella, Ca-
tawba, *V nine, or liucK, and Alexander Gr.ipes, at i^'6 per
dozen or ^20 pel lOO j Superior La..cashire Gooseberries, as-
sorted al ^J pt^r uozrii, 01 »j?U per It^Uj Fine Red Raspber-
ries, ^G p'-r luO. Wli. re so denned, seiet iions will be matle
ol lUc most hardy kinds ol Fruit and Oriuimeiilal Trees and
Plants, >u.led to a nordnrn c limaie, and the situation ol our
Nurseries, which aie in a Uiiiy aiKl opi-n exptisuie, renders die
trees pailicularl harily. 'I lie assoitineiu »>t Garden, Fiek'l,
antl Fiower Set ds i?> nm ivaili il in extent, and lonnsa complete
euncentt'ution ol the ( iioieust varieties known in Europe, atid
this couniry, and hav.n^ bei 11 raided um ei our own inspection,
or grown expio^l} t<'i ns b_) oUi coiicsp.)ndents, we expressly
guarantee their inXt '.■lieinM' and accuracy, and we ask no pijy-
nienl where tliey do n.ii prove exactly as represeiiicd. Tlie
Calaltigiie coma.ns inan\ m w and vciy supeiior \'arielies ol
vcgol.ilile and Fnnver S et'is. and among itie Field Seeds are
Snpeiior Provence Lnz<i..e, White Uuich L'lover, Pacey's
pel. nnial Rye Grass, i\e« Iialan do Eariy Angus and Hope-
lown Oats, EngliNli Poiaio Oais weighing 'H lbs. per bushel,
OliImiiI Gra^s, Tuli Oa .^ Gi.i>s, 'Iriloiiuni incainalnm, or
Early Crimson Clover, i.ain.i. Ate. AUo, lOU bushels Tay-
h->r"s Foriy told, or Crnnsiii Nonsuch Potaio, which is now
lakiug precedence ol all other-, m England, and 50 bushels Po-
tato Onions. Venders ot Sieds will be supplied at very lo»
rates and a credil to suit tln'ir convenience. Where a large
number ol' Trees, &:c. aie wanted, a discount will be made and
a credil allowed il' desired, and lo Nurseries the terms will in
every respect be made lavorable. Every invoice emanating
from us has our printed heading and signature, aud none 01 hers
are guaranleed. oct 15

PKlCKtt OF CO UN THY tiiOUVVH:

Applks, russets,

Beans, while,

Bkkf, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) ....
Bu J TEK, inspected, ^io. 1 , new,

Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, ....

FEATHEKSjUoriheni, geese, . . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, Ameiican,

Flaxjeejj,

Flo UK, Genesee^ . . . cash.
Baltimore, Hovvard sir.
Baltuiioie, wharl, (none) •

Alexandria,

Grain , Corn, northern yellow, . .
souihcrii yellow , . .

white,

Rye, Noilhern, ....

Barley,

Oat.s, Northern, . (prime)

Hav, bcsl English," . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, 1st quaiii} (new) . . . .

2d quality . ...

Lard, Boston, 1st sort, . . . .

Southern, 1st sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" ujjper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . .

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass. mspec., extra clear, .

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, ....

Seeds, Herd's Grass_ (none) . «

Red i'op, nurtiierii, . . .

Red Clover, norlhern, . .

While Uulcii Honeysuckle

Tallow, ined,

Wool, pnine or Saxony Fleeces,

American, full blood, was lied
do. 3-4ihs do.
do, 1-2 do.

tlo, 1-4 and common
Native washed, ....
J. f Pulled superfine, ,
S:-a I Isi Lambs, . . .
-~<i2d " . . .

c i.|3d '• ...

^ (1st Spinning, . . ,
Souchcrii pulled wool is generally
,^ cts. le'i.v per Ih.

barrel
busiiel
barrel

pound

pound
bushel
band

mshel

i;a!lon
pound

pijtind

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cast,
baiiel

bushe;

pound

cwi

[jouiid

MlOfll

'2 to

2 lb

9 31.

7 50

6 Ct

18

16

fi

4b

*J
I t

5 C2
G 0(

5 6t:
1'::
Cb

"0

CO

40

20 00

13 00

14 00
4<
IB
lb
II

1

10
15

IfJ
2b
2ti
90
17 0(t

la 00

75

25

7 OU

60

60

3ii
35
32
3«
6(
40
3(
23
36

? R U V 1 8 1 O IN MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

HAMS.northern, . .
soulhern, . .
Pork, whole hogs. .
Poultry, (unreriain)
BuTTtR. (tub) . . .

lump,
Egos,

PoTATOKS, . , .

CiKKlt. (now.) . .

pound

9;,

**

IJ

"

Oi

.<

14

"

20

dozen

IC

liusliil

37

hnrrpi

2 (■(

i',KI(.HT<)^ iMAPKL'l'.— MoM.AV. Oct. 20,lb34.

Kc|iiirl('ii fur llic hail J A<lvprt IPC mini Patriot.

Ann'her nnsnccessfiil alletnpt was made lo day (by a few
sperulnliiiir ihdividiiaUj to iufhirc many of the drovers lo slop
their rniile at ranil'rifipe, and (hoves were arriving at I'righ-
lon e\ery hour in ihe day until lair in the afternoon, v\'hirh
prevented us from lakinp ihe niimhr r. We give ii from the
best iniorinniion: say 2,000 Reef Cattle. 1200 Siore-^, 2.000
sheep, and 14(0 Swine. Abotd 4ffl S«ine were reported last
week. A lartjp number of cattle r main unsold, bul will pio-
balily be taken by the barrellers tomorrow,

PuicKs Reef Cntl.'e — \Vp n< t iced a few fine yo!<e »a-
Lpn fi'T soinrlh'n* more than ^5. We quole prime al 4 75 a
5; send .1) 4 a4"50 : cows al 4 a 4 25.

Bunetlirisr Cattle. — We noiicrd one lot not iiichidinp Iwo
ve;irs okl, Iwkpii for 3 25, n few of which wotiM mal<eniess;
al-o anniher lot taken for about 54- mnnv of which wcio better
than mess and some not so i;ood. We (|Uole moss al 3 8i a4;
No I. 3 33 a 3 50 j No. 2, S3.

Stores- — Ycaflii'gs 6 a 8; two years old, g8 A 14; three
years old ^17 a 24.

Slirep. — We are not in possession of prices.

Sjvine — In demand, prices for lots have advanrerl ; one lot
more than half barrows was taken fnrlc, and resold for 4 a 4
1-2 ; one lot, a few more than half barrows al 4 1-2 ; also lots
at 4 for sows and 6 for barrows ; at retail 4 1-2 for sows and 6
l-2c for barrows ; those weighing under 50, 5 a 6e.

120

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

OCTOBER 32, 1!!3».

MISCELLANY.

TO A I.ADY, GARDENING.

BY THOM \S MOOUE.

O, COULD we (io Willi this world of ours
As llioti dosl Willi iliy garden bowers,
Reject the weeds and keep the iiowers,

Wliat a heaven on eartji we'd iriake it!
So bright a dwelling should be our own,
So warranted free from sigh or frown,
That ani|;els soon would be coming down,

By the week or monlli Io take it.
Like these gay flies that wing ihiough air,

And in theniselves a lustre bear,
A stock oi liglit, still ready there,

Whenever they wish to use it j
So, in this world I'd make for thee,
Our hearts should all like fire-flies be.
Ami the flash of wit or poesy

JSreak forth whenever we choose it.
While every joy that glads our sphere
Halii still some shadow hovering near,
In this new world of ours, my dear,

Such shadows will all be omitted j
Unless they're like that graceful one,
Which, when thou'rt dancing in the siin.
Still near thee, leaves a charm upoii

Each spot where it hath flitted.

THB HUMMING BIRD.

A CORRESPONDENT of a respi^ctalile qiiakcr piili-
lication called tlie Friend, in Pljilaflel|iliia, fur-
nishes the following pleasant anecilote of a hutn-
miiig bird :

Some time in the seventh month of the present
year, one of my family canght a small hummiiifr
bird, whi(^h appeared quite dehilitaled for want o(
food. We presented it with some sugar and
cream nii.xed together, wliieh it siit^ked np with
avidity, after whii-h it was restored to lilierty. In
the cotirse of a short interval it again made its ap-
pearance, was taken in the hainl, and a mixture
of sugar and water made into the consistence of
syrup, was poureil into the corrolla of the trumpet
honey suckle, from which it eagerly extracted it.
From this time Ibrward it became quite familiar,
and wotdd come a dozen times a day or more to
be fed. After fluttiMing a few seconds at the door
or window to jiltrai-t notice, it woidd iilight on
the linih of a neighboring tree or rose hush until
its food wa« prepared for it, aud then upon calling
" Peet, Peet," it would dart in a straight line with
the velocity of an arrow to receive it. We geiier-
aily filled two or three of the tnhes of the honey
suckle with the syrup, which it e.xtracted while
ou the wing, buzzing arotind the flower held
ill our haiiil, and inserlliig its hill which was
about three fourths of an inch in length from
which it protuded its tongue, at least Indian inch
longer, with which it sucked up the liquid.

Thi.i gi'tierally sufficed it ; hut sometimes it did
not appear satlstiiMl, hut would repair to its resting
jihice and wait until the flowers were again filled,
wlien upon being called it would return and finish
its rep.ist. Utit if, after flying to its perch, it
wiped its hill on the lindi, we were then assured
that it w.inted no more at that time, all the solici-
tations we ooiild nuike woidd have no other ef-
fect than to hasten its departure. In the course
of hnlf an hour it woidd he hack again after more
food, aud if the mendier of the fiimily to whom he
appli.'il w.is engaged ami not ready to attend him
he would try over ami over again to excite atlen-
tion, by flying into different apartineiits of the

house, and buzzing within a few inches ofotir
faces. " Peet's" solicitations generally succeeded,
as the younger branches of the family were de-
lighted in attending to him. He afqieared to be
fiiore fond of syrup when made thick than any
other food which was offered to him. If it was
too much diluted, after sipping a little he would
fly to his resting place and wait until it was altered.
W'e also at times gave him sugar ami cream, wine
atid water mixed with sugar, and once some honey
obtained from a btimhlebee's nest, which it ap-
peared to treat with great contempt.

Soirietimes when he was fluttering around the
flower held outside of the doorway, a stranger of
the same species, having less confidence in human
nature, wotlld dart at the little fellow and drive
him away, as if anxiotis for him to escape from so
perilous a situation. But it only had a momeiita-
ly effect on our little friend, as he would return
with as confiding an assurance of sidety as before.
His little twittering noise aud averted eye, as he
momentarily withdrew his flower, appeared to say
surely thou wilt not hurt me. After he had visi-
ted us every day so frcquenlly for about three
weeks, and had been admired by numerous per-
sons, he disappeared on the 11th of last month,
being fed about the middle of the day, which was
the last time he was seen. As the wild hnnuuitig
birds which were quite nmnerons before, ilisap-
peared about the same time, it is probable he ac-
com|ianied them to more southern regions. As
we were on terms of the most friendly kind, it is
hoped our little traveller will again revisit us
after he has finished his perigrinatiuns among the
flowers of the south, as it is very doidjtfnl whether
he will find them as sweet as he did the liouey
suckles of Delaware county. M. I\i.

Mnlh mo. 4, 18.34.

TAKE CARE OP 1 Ol R FEt-T.

The circnmstaiices in v\liich wet feet tnid cold
feet are most apt to cause di.sease, are where the
person remains inactive; and where consequently,
there is nothing to cotmtei balance the unequal
flow of blooil which then lakes place towiirds the
internal parts: for it is well known that a person
ui ordinary health may walk about or work in the
open air with wet feet fiir bonis together wiihont
injury, provided he put on dry stockings ami shoes
immedititely on coming home. It is therefore not
the mere state of wetness that causes the evil, but
the check to perspiration, and the nneqnal distri-
bution of blood to vvliiih Ibe ncconipanyiiig cold-
ness gives rise. — Coi>ibr\^l'hi/Kiolusiinppliriltuhi(tlHi.

PLVING.

Of all the attempts of human philosophy, that
of flying is the most unphilosophical. No crea-
ture on etirth whose weight is as great as that of
man, can fly. Strength does not increase equally
with size, and this is true of both muscular
strength and strength of inert matter. Take two
pieces of gianite, one weighing one hundred tons
and the other half an ounce. Drop them from a
high elevation on a rock. The one will be shat-
tered to atoms, and the other will hardly be bruis-
ed by the fall. Muscular force is much greater in
small animals than large ones, in proporlion to
their size. A large beam will not bear twice as
much weight as one of half the size. So, if it re-
quires a force of oiie pound to support a small
liird in the air, exerted through a medium ol
wings, a degree of force as much greater as a
man is greater than the bird, could by no means
lift the man up. Hut the man can exert no more
strength in proportion to his size than the bird
can, nor so much ; therefore the man cannot fly.
'Chese are the resulls of experiment, and all ex-
periment, united with theory, confirms the fact
that man was not made to flv.

FRllIT TREKS.
W^^ 0RN4M.KSTAL ■J'liEES, AKD PLANTS. &C

«8& KcRSEKY of WILLIAM KEiMRlCK, m
Nf.wtun, I\Iass. 5.A miles from Boston Inj the
\ I 'eslern Avaiw;, and \a mite from Llie ^Vot van-
ter tiait Rood.

This eslablishmenl now compactly covers 18 acres, and
comprises the .seleciions of ihe lincst kinds of Pears, Apples,
Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Necl.n lines, Apricots, Alniouds,
Quinces, Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries,
and Mulberries, including the Chinese Mulljcrry, or IVloKUS
!\icLTicAULis, SO celebrated for silk j Strawberries, Figs, &iv.
No pains, no labor, or expense has been sjiared, in obtaining
the inosl celeliraled varielies.w liich have here been congregated
li'om divers climates and lautndes, and from first-raie sources
— selections adapted Io every section of the Union. Tiie Or-
namental Trees and Plants alone, comprise one ihousaiid va-
rieties, the most beauliliil kinds known ; these include Horse
Chesnuts. Weeping Willows, Catalpas, Mouniain Ash, Ailan-
ilius or Tree of Heaven, Scoicli Larch, Silver Firs, Vcneian
Sumach, Alllieas, Snov^balls, Lilacs, tbnieysuckles, &c. — Su-
perb China and Hardy Roses, Herbar eous l''lowering Plants,
Pseonies, and splendid Double Dahlias.

Genileinen are respectfully invited to 'forward their orders
earty. — Earl}' in Aulunin. being an rxiellenl season tor Irans-
plaming. Addresslo \\ 1I.LL\',M KENRICK, Newlon, Jlass.
Trees. &c. delivered in 15osloii v\itlioul charge for transporla-
lion, they are selected ami labelled with doe precaution and
care ; and when ordered ihciice. lliey are suitably- |»acked,and
forwarded to their deslinalion, by land or sea. Or orders wil)
receive the same attention il' left with <<Ko. t^. liAKHKTT,
who is agent, at his seed store and New England ^'aimer
Office, Nos. 51 & 52, North Market Street, Boston. Cata-
logues gratis on ap)ilicallon. ocl I

FASHIONABLE SHELL CUMBS,

Sign of tlt€ Uuidin Coitilt, 242 If atltii/gwn :it'i(:it, Boston.

"I'm; fashion oft'onilis having undeigone consiclerabh- mod-
ification during the last eighlerii inonliis. and Ihe tombs now
w«iru being much smaller than those formerly, induces ihe ^ub-
scnber Io suggest to ihe ladies that they can have their con.b?
reduced to conform to the present style. Combs llial aie new
Ills! lo die owner, in consequenee of llieir necKNESS can be
tillered into one or more combs wilh wrought or plain tops at
the option o( Ihe owner, at a niotieraie (haige.

'fhey have on hand and are coiistanily mimufaeiuring Ihe
most fashionable combs. Ladies in want of combs, will please
( all belore purchasing.

.fe« eiry and Fancy Goods at reduced prices for cash. Also,
VVarranled Silver Spectacles lo su:l anv age for ^!2.00.
JOHN JONE.-<,

on 1 CLI'.RMON'I' E. BINE.

CORNS.

A riECE of tobacco, moistened wilh water, ami
bound upon the corn, acts as an efli'clnal cure.
We have tried it and found it so — have recom-
mended it to others who litive found the same re-
lief. If you are afflicted bind on the weed, and
do not ape the Chinese, iind we will warrant you
free from corns in six mouths. — JV. H. Speclalnr.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every \Vednesday Evening, at !^o per annum
pa\able at the end ol' the year — but those wlio pay wilhiu
si.\iy days from the lime ol sul>scribing,are entitled to a deduc-
tion ol iifly cents.

[|j= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being matic in advance.

AGENTS.
New York — G. C. Thokkurn, b? Liberly-slreet.
Alhoiiy — Wm. Thorburn,347 Market-street.
I'hiliilelphia — D. & C. L.vndreth, 85 Chesnut-streel.
fi'itfhiiore — L L HiTtHcocK, Publisher of American Farmer.
<^ii;riitmttj — S. C. P.vKKHURST, 23 Lower iVjaikel-slrcel.
Fliislihig. N. 1'.—Wm. Prince & Sons, Prop. Liu. Bol.Gai.
Middlebiir\i, Vt. — Wight Chapman, Merciiant.
H'trfford — GoouwiN A: Co. Booksellers.
Vi'irtmrvpoit — Eni;NK/p;R Stepman, Bookseller.
I'orlsnioiilti, N. II.—.]. W. Foster. Bookseller.
Aiit^iisla, Me. — W'li.i.AKti Snkll, Druggist.
W'oodstorit. Vl. — .1. .\. Pratt.

Porlliitid. Me. — (^(ii.iviAN, Hoi.iiEN & Co. Booksellers.
Boiiicor, Me. — Wni. I\L\nn, Druggist.
lliilifiLt, A. I.S. — P. ,r. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.

.^^ 7.0H7'.V— tiEO. Hoi. TON.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Ford &.Lia8ir£i.i..

NEW EWGI.4NB FARMER.

iHJwawRM.^ ■■■'m.'auBw/Keg

PUBLISHKD BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKliT STREET, (at the Ar.R.cuLTUBAi. Warehouse.)-T. G. FEKSENDEN EDITOR,

Ot,. XIII.

BOSTON. WEBNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1834.

NO.

COMMUNICATION.

• tkc Editor and rrojirittoT of the Xew England Fanner.

Salem, (Mass.) Oct. 22.
Gent. — Enrlnserl I seiul yon a cut, ami parti-
liir (ipsnri|itinn of the new .Stjiiash e,\lii!)itf(i liv
> at tlie Into llnrticiilliir.il Feslival in your citv ;
licli I wish yon wunid give a plaoe in your col-
ins, and ohli:rt;

Yours, &c .T.)ii\ I\I. Ives.

autbmnaij marrow sq,uash.

nlii}; my carrots, I trans|ihiiite(l a Cevv oflhtin into
a [licoe of tcroinjil that had liecn well (lunged with
rotten lioise-dnnp', and ihoiiffh they grew very
well, yet they were so nmrh cankered, that they
"ere almost unfit for any use. All this leads me
to think that |)igeon dung is a good preventive of
I he worms in carrots. — English paper.

Fruit obovate : depressed on one side : stem
■y large, and inclined upwards, almost at right
;les with the fruit : a small truncate callosity
:he other extremity. Color reddish cream, witii
ts or dashes of Inight ochre when in maturity,
sh orange: seeds large; pure while, with an
^atej margin : aver;ige weiglit, 8 Ihs.
riie ahove new variety of Sijnasli, Cueurbita
lopepo var. lias been lately brought into notice
his vicinily, on account of the delicacy of its
in, and excellence of flavor. We have called
' Autiminal Marrow" as it comes in succession
he summer varieties, biy may be kept through-

tlie winter.

t peculiarity in, this variety is the extreme thin-
s of its skin, being of tljo consistency of the

r cnvelo])e of an egg.

Ve reconiniend it to all lovers of this vesetahle
its many e.vcellent (pialities : we spe.ik thus
idently from the testimony in its fa\or of those

have ijSed it at their tables.

EON DUKe TO PREVENT WORMS IN
CARROTS.

BOUT five years ago I had a heap of pi^reon
;, which lay through the winter months on a

ter of the garden, and having occasion to move
;liis dung to other parts of the garden, I hud
u the (piarter with carrots, and was surprised
)serve an extraordinary production of this veg-
'e on the spot where t!ie dung h;id lain, both

respect to their size and clearness; and al-
gh some worms might have been found in the
r parts of the quarter, yet 1 could perceive
in the spot alluded to. From that time
circumstance induced me to adopt the prac-
>f sowing my carrots always in one |>articular

of ground, which I have annually manured

with pigeon <!ung, laying on almost as mucii

though of a hot nature, as if it had been
n horse dung, and have the satisfaction to ob-
i, that I have never failed to have an extraor-

y crop, and what is of more consequence, 1
venture to affirm, that a worm could not be
d in any carrots during the four years that I

contiiuied this practice. Last year iu thin-

TilE RHODE ISLAND SOCIETY FOR ENCOUR-
AGEMENT OP DOMESTIC INDUSTRY,

— .'\t their Annual Mceiing, on the 23d instant,
iiKide choice of the follouing named geiitleuien for
oli'icers for said Institution for the year ensuing:

.laines Rhodes, President.

Samuel Slater, Jas. D'Wolf, Charles Edridge,
J ice Presidents.

Wm. Rhodes, Treasurer.

\Vm. W. lioppin. Secretary.

Stimding Connnitlee — .lesse Tonrtellot, Dutee
Arnold, Christopher Rhodes, Albert C. Greene,
i\alhan Bowen, Freeborn Sisson, John Jenckes,
t-fcphen F. Northam, George Burton, Wilber Kel-
Icy, Stephen H. Smiih, Win. E. Richmond, Moses
lii'iwn Ives, Bates Harris, John Foster, Slephen
\\':Uernian of Coventry, Thomas Ilolden, Sion A.
Rl'odcs, Tully Dorr.ince, James Anthony, Joel Al-
drich, John Pitman, Jeremiah Whipple, Williaii
Anthony, Stephen B. Cornell, Le wis Dexter,Charles
Collins, Nicholas Fry, Elisha Olney, jun. John
Brown Francis.

The said Society awarded the following Pi'emi-
iims to the Students of the Classical and Agriciil-
tnial School under their patronage, for industry
and skill in producing crojis iu the Agricultural
department :

Joseph Whitmarsh, George Champlin, each Four
Dollars.

Dana Ean)es, A. M. Gannnell, Charles Smith,
J. Swaine, B. N. Arinington, Benjamin Cirdiner,
Thomas Harrison, each Three Dollars.

J. Palmer, J. G. Wil.son, J. Gammell, L. Wil-
liams, B. E. Viall, J. Terry, W. P. Potter, C. Grant,
C. Pendleton, each Two Dollars.

H. G.Tucker, Peleg Wilber, A. Mason, II. -A.
Potter, S. L. Arnold, B. B. Dyer, .S. A. Knight,
J. Welch, I. Barton, B. Randall, l.P. .\iwood,
each One Dollar.

16.

■,mmn lll.l Jill ■ | |. ■ I ^— g^mgnj,^— Mj^^^g^^

following the same course throngh a suflicie
number of generations, he obtained a breed far
superior to any that existed before. '

In the same manner, from the common English
sheep, he raised the superior breed called the
Dishley sheep, of which it is said lliat the wool
is long and fine, and weighs when they are killed
at two years old, eight pounds per fleece on an av-
erage, and that they fatten kindly and early on or-
dinary jjaslnres. Since Bakewell's time many
other persons bavefijllovved the course pointed
out by bin), and several new breeds have been
raised. Of these the Durham Slimt Horns are
generally considered the best. The estimation ia
which they are held in England will appear, from
an account of some sales made in ISlC Seven-
teen cows were sold for £2802, or more tnaii
.$730 apiece. One cow, nine years old, was sold
for .si, 8(38, and one bull for 1,000 guineas, or
.■54670. — ll'arren's Address, Maine Farmer.

DIFFERENCE I.V PLOUCHS.

A REMAP.KABi.E instance of the beneficial influ-
ence of agricullural exhibitions occurs to nis. "
is related that in a certain district in England the
fiirmers were in the habit of using six horses to a
plough. Upon the institution gf ploughing matches
it was discovered that the same work could be
done with two. In consequence-, the (dd ploughs
were soon laid aside — the new ones adopted, and
the l.ihor of four horses out of six dispensed with.
I have seen an account of some experiments made
a few years ago under the direction of the Secre
tary of War, to ascertain the comparative force re
quired to wmk different ploughs. The plonglia,
tried were all of approved kinds. But iheip .
found to be a diffcrenci? in them of nearly filiy |jer
cent. That is, it would take nearly one half n. ore
(lower to do the same work with .some, th.-it it
v/onid with others.— fT. Warren's Address, Maine

"Ik

ENGL,ISII STOCK.

All the improved brec<is have been made from
cattle not originally superior to our own. It is
about fifty years since much attention began to be
[laid to the subject in England. Mr. Bakewell is
mentioned as the first who made a systematio bu-
siness of it. Ills oliject was to raise a breed of
cattle that would come to maturity earlier — would
fatten easily, and would have most flesh on the most
valuable parts. To cffi.'ct this object he selected
the best animals he could find. He then observed
what were their defects — in what respects their
shape was not perfect — and wherein they had a
tendency to take flesh on parts of inferior value.

He then procured others which excelled iu
those particular points iu which the first were de-
ficient, and by mixing them he obtained descen-
dants that partook of the excellencies of both. By

PRESERVING POTATOES.

A GOOD way of pre-'-erving sweet potatoes is
when they are dug pack them up in dry sand, be-
ing careful to keep tliein covered so as not to gel;
wet. In this way they will remain all winter as '
fresh and as good ;is when first dug. A highly
respectable fanner, the quality of whose potatoes
I myself tested last spring and found them of the
first cm, assured me that this was the nieihoo ho
had practised fora number of years, and fbuiid ic
perfectly successful. — Ohio Farmer's Reporter.

risa HATCHED under fowls.

The Chinese have taken a fancy to hatch fish
under fowls. For this purpose they collect from
rivers and ponds the gelatinous matter which
contains the eggs of fish, put it into vessels, and
sell it to the proprietors of ponds. When tiie
hatching sea-son arrives, a fowl's egg is emptied of
its usual contents, and this gelatinous matter is
put iu. The entrance is hermetically sealed, and
it is put under a hen. After some days the egg is
opened, and placed in a vessel of water heated by
the sun. This is kept in his rays until the lit-
tle fish become strong enough to bear the external
temperature. — Bull. Univ. 1829, p. 82.

122

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 29, 1S3*.

WORCESTER CATTLE SHOW.

From Ihe Worcester PaUnllium.
REPORT OF THK COMMITTEE OIV NEAT CAT-
TLE.

diaries C. P. Hastings of Mention, Chairtnan ;
Silas Allen of Shrewsbury, John Claflin, jr. ol
MiUbnl, Stephen Davis of Oxforil, Asa Rice of
Worcester.

The Committee having attended to the duties
assigned them, beg leave to report the follownig
list of premiums. For the best IJull, not less than
one year old— the first premium of §12, to Aa-
ron Tufts of Dudley ; for the next best, the second
premium of $8, to Jacob W. Watson of Prmceion ;
and the third premium of $6, to Samuel Chamber-
lain of Westliorough.

For the best Bull calf, from 4 to 12 monihs old,
the first premimi) of $6, to Gardner Ruggles of
Barre ; for the next best, the second premmm o(
$4, to Peter Putnam of Sutton ; and third premi-
um' of $2, to John and Jolham B. Pratt of Wor-
CGstcr.

For the best pair of 3 years old Steers, broken
to the yoke, the first premium of $8, to Asa Ba-
ker of Princeton ; for the next best the second
premium of $6, to Lambert Lainson of Boylston ;
and the third premium of $4, to Wm. Eager of
Northboro'.

For the best pair of 2 years old Steers, the first
premium of Sti, to David' Carpenter of Charlton ;
for the next best the second premium of $4, to
Franklin W. Farnnm of Charlton; and the third
premium of $3, to Joseph March of Millhury.

For the best pair of yeailing Steers the first
premium of §5, to Simeon Burt of Worcester; for
the next best the second lueiniuin of $3, to G. T.
and Tyler P. Curtis of Worcester.

Your Committee would congratulate the Socie-
ty on the beautiful appearance of the Neat Stock
exhibited this day by the enterprising farmers of
our County. There were nine Bulls presented for
premiums, all of which were richly deserving of
the approbalion of your co'iumiltce, and gave evi-
dence of a decided improvement in our Breed of
Cattle.

The Bull calves, allhough not so numerous, lud
fair to rival in strength and beauty, their illustri-
ous ancestors, and probably look forward wlih
proud and generous emotions, to the day, when
ilieir young, and vigorous posterity shall cover our
hills and gladden the beans of our free and inde-
pendent yeomanry.

One Calf 7 months old, was offered (for exhibi-
tion only,) by Ex-Gov. Lincoln, which was worihy
of eouiinendation, for its beauty of form and neat-
ness of appearance.

The 3 years old Steers, broken to the yoke,
which were presented to the attention of your
Committee, were of the most beautiful and inter-
esting kin.l. There were six pairs ; they would
fairlv rival any that have heretofore been exhibited,
for strength, docilily and neatness, and speak much
in favor of the care and alleiilion of their several
owners. The competitors may be justly proud ol
such an exhibition, and allhough all cannot be
successful, they will carry with them to their
homes and their firesides, the consciousness ol
having done much to reudir this Cattle Show an
honor to the County, and to foster a generous ri-
valry in the breasts of lliose who are eiigageil in
the noblest employment of Man, the cultivation ol
the soil.

Much might he said of the two years old and

the yearling Steers, but your Committee forbear
to say more on that subject.

All which is respectfully submitted.

Chs. C. p. Hastings, Chairman.

PAT CATTLE AND MILCH COWS.

The Cimimlttee on fit cattle and milch cows re-
port. That the exhibition of fat cattle, though not
perhaps so numerous as on some former occasion,
was in the opinion of the committee highly credit-
able to the County. In the quality of the cattle it
probably would not suffer by a comparison with
the best of our former shows. By one of the
Committee who has had much experience upon
this subject, it was remarked, that on some former
show days, all the premiums had, in his opinion,
been awarded to cattle no better than those which
could, on account of the competition, receive none
now. Under such circumstances it will be readi-
ly supposed that the committee found much difii-
culty in making a decision satisfactory to them-
selves. They deem it necessary to say that in
forming a judgment of the relative claims of the
cattle exhibited they gave much consideration to^
the mode and cost of keeping, and to the age oi
the animal ; an ox cheaidy fed being entitled to
preference over one highly fed, and a young ox
over an old one, when otlier circumstances were
equal.

Governed by such views the committee have
awarded the premiums in the f(dlowing manner. _
To Capt. Lewis Barnard of Worcester, for his
short-horned red ox, four years old, and weighing
2067 pounds, the first |)reminm of $20.

To Joshua Eveleth of Princeton, for his red ox
4 years old, and weighing 2029 lbs. the second
premium of $15 ; and to Capt. Lewis Barnard of
Worcester, for his 2d red ox, 4 years old and
weighing 2080 lbs. the third premium of $8.

It is due to the several persons concerned to
state, though the committee had no great difficulty
in awarding the first premium, they had much in
awarding the second and third — Capt. BarnardV
second ox and Mr. Eveleth's were very nearly
matched in point of quality and age — but iqion ex-
aining the account of the keeping of both, Ca|il.
Barnard's was found to have been more highly (in\
ihan Mr. Eveleth's, and this circumstance decided
llie question. — Again, between the claims of Capt.
Barnard's 2d ox and one offered by Mr. Seth Wy-
man of Shrew.sbury, six years old, weighing 2342
lbs. and altogether a very fine animal, there was at
first considi'table difference of opinion in the Com-
mittee, but llie difference in the age of the two
filially turned the scale in favor of Capt. Barnard's.
The commitlee fell great reluctance in awarding
two premiums to the same individual, when there
were so many com|)etitors worihy of success, lint
they considered themselves bound to yield to no
other considerations than those recognized in the
rules of the society.

The commiltee would however do injustice to
themselves if they passed wilhont notice the other
fat cattle oftered for premium. Mr. Israel Putnam
of Sutton, otfered a pair of oxen 8 years old, which
were truly a splendid pair, and drew forth many
expressions of commendation from the members of
ihe committee ; their weights were 2376 and 2233
lbs. t)iie of them would probably have obtained
a premium, had not his age been so much greater
ihan his competitors.

Mr. Riifiis Adams of Spencer oflered two very
fine oxen, 10 years old, weighing 2241 and 2234

lbs.; and Mr. John Park of Millhury one, weigliiiis
■2152 lbs., each of which were well worthy of tin
Society's highest ))remium, had there not been
others of higher claims to take it from them.

Oil the subject of Milch Cow.s, the Cnmmittei
regret that they were precluded by the rules of th'
Society from awarding any premium, there havin
been in no case svr.h a written certificate as thei
rules require, lodged with the committee ; certif
cates were furnished concerning two of the cow
oftered for premiums, but in ni'ither was th
amount of milk given by them stated as require
by the published regulations of the Society. Th
committee regret this the more, as a piemim
would undoubtedly have been awarded to Mr. Sili
Bailey of Worcester, had iiis certificate been sufl

cietit.

All of which is respectfully submitted by tl

committee. Thos. Kinnicutt,

Saml. Mixter,
Luther Burnet, Jr.
Ctrus Gale,
Luke Baker.

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

The Committee to whom was assigned the d

ty of examining the several lots of Butter a i

Cheese offered fiir premium and exhibition, a I

award the premiums to the successful compelito

having attended to that duty, ask leave to repo

The whole number of lioxcs of butter offei

for premium was eleven. Two only were oflei

for exhibition. Of these most were of excell (

qualities. But the Committee after a careful .i

aminaiion and comparison, awarded the first pi

mium of $7, to Royal Pickard, of WorcesM

the second premium of $5, to Stephen Hastin

of Sterling; the third premium of $4, to Sam -

Chamberlain of Westborongh ; and the fon

premium of $3, to Waller Bigelow of Wore es

' Many other lots of butter the Committee coos

' ered of excellent quality. Some however, hav

been juit into new boxes, not properly prepai

were injured by the boxes ; the Committee, thi

fore suggest the importance of liaving boxes

tubs' well cleansed and inoperly prepared for

butter before it is put into them.

The two lots offered for exhibition only,
Committee do not feel at libeily to pass nunc
ed. One was a small lot oflered by Luther Ch
berlain of Westborough, who had so freque
been the successful competitor at our own
other exhibitions. In relation to this, the C
mittce deem it only necessary to say, that if I
may judge from the appearance of the specii
exhibited, Mr. Chamberlain has not lost his
in making good butter wiih his inclination to c
pete with others for the premiums offered for i
the Society.

The other specimen exhibited, belonged
Samuel Witt of Shrewsbury. It was very h.
somely prepared— of fine color— and exce

quality. .

The Committee cannot but express then-
prise, when comparing the butter examine
them, with that usually found upon tables,
those who are engaged in making butter, do
bestow more attention lo the sul jcct ; as tliej
confident that care and attention alone are reqi
for its improvement.

Having examined the butter, the Comir
passed to the examination of the cheese. T
were thirty-eight lots otleied for premium. 1

vol,. XIll. IKO. 16.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

ras sdiiie (lillicully in deteniiiiiiii;; wliicli was llie
'.st amona; so many good lots. 15iit after a rare-
il exaniiiialioii, llie fiist preiniiitn of $10 was
warded to llollis Tidd, oC New Braintree ; the
jcoiid preinijin of $7, to David Lee, of Barre ;
le tiiird of ,«!5, to John Matthews of New Braiu-
ee ; and the fom tli of ¥3, to Isaac Hnnter of
ew Braintree. The first preniintn of $8, for the
est ohi rlieese, tlie Committee awarded to Adams
honipson, of New Braintree ; and the second of

6 to Hollis Tiiid, of New Braintree. For the
ist sage ciieese, the preiniiitn of $7, was award-

I to Daniel Bacon of Barre.
The quantity of cheese offered was larger than

iual ; and the Connuittee were gratified to find
so generally of a good quality.
A letter was put into tiie hands of the Commit-
e frem Jlr. Buswcll Converse of New Braintree,
aling particularly the maimer in which he makes
s cheese ; and the Coninjittee were pleased to
d that so much attention has heen paid to the
hject. Your Committee also f 'el hound to no-
e a commuiiicatioM from John W. Lincoln, Esq.
Worcester, in relation to the management and
oduction of his dairy — from which it appears
at from the average of eleven and a half cows
trn the first day of June last to the first day of
noher current, he has made 2516 1-2 lbs. of new
Ich cheese; 167 Ihs. of four milch cheese ; and

7 1-2 Ihs. of butter — and in addition milk has
en used hy the family of his tenant as wanted,
d by himself for his own breakfast and supper
len at home — (a very wholesome food, in the
inion of the Committee, and very convenient for
e who is destitute of a helpmate.) Particular
.tements of this kind, the Cojumittee consider
portant, and would recommend to the Society
; consideration of the propriety of adopting some
iasures to obtain them, and make them more
neral at future exhibitions.

Your Committee cannot close their report with-
t a single suggestion in relation to the impor-
ice of particular attention to dairies. Good but-
' and good cheese make two indispensable items
good living, and they must necessarily always
niuiand a good price ; and there is always a cor-
iponding difference between butter and cheese

an inferior or ordinary quality, and that of a
lerior quality. It cannot have escaped the at-
ition of all, that those farmers in this section of
r country, which is so well adapted to grazing,
10 have paid particular attention to their dairies,
ve been constantly thriving. They have in fact
-ried it on so successfully, in some of the towns
the North-west part of our county, that almost

of them either are rich, or fast becoming so.
Whether they have been rendered so by actual
leipts of premiums, or by industry and enter-
se which generous comiietition has inspired we

II not determine, but strongly suspect by the
ter. And we hope ere long to see the same
leral competition in the management of dairies,
well as other laudable branches of business, pro-
cing like happy results throughout our county,
) commonwealth and the whole country. ■

By order of the Committee,

David T. Brigham, Chairman.

123

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,

Imdispensible use of Cucumbers '. We yester-
y ^^^^ ^n elegant work-bag made very ingenious-
from Cucumber Seeds, interspersed with black
188 beads — Portsmouth Journal.

At the meeting of the Society held pursuant to
adjiiurnuient, Saturday, Oct. 25th, 1S34 :

Elijah Vose Esq. in the Chair.

Mr. Oliver from the Committee appointed on
the 11th inst. to examine the record of the meet-
ing held on the 4th inst. made the following report,
viz :

" That they find the motion tendering the
thanks of the Society to Mr. Cook incorrectly re-
corded, that niotion liaving been in fact put and
passed in the following, or in similar words, viz :
Voted, that the thaidis of the Society be |)resented
to Zebedee Cook, Jr. Esq. for his long and faithful
services as one of the Vice Presidents of said So-
ciety for several years past;" which report, — after
the Recordijig Secretary had stated that the said
vote was jiassed at a moment of excitement occa-
sioned by the reading of Mr. Cook's valedictory
address, and his letter to Marshall P. Wilder, Esq.
in which he staled he had determined whether
elected President or Vice President, to retire from
the Society, and that said vote had been recorded
from memory — was unanimously accepted.

The Committee appointed on the 4th inst. tore-
quest of Mr. Cook for publication a copy of the
address read by him that day wherein he took
leave of the Society and bade them farewell, re-
ported :

That a letter had been received from Mr. Cook
stating that "as his address related only to the in-
ternal and private concerns of the Society it did
not seem that its publication would be proper,
or would answer any good [lurpose" and that he
declined a compliance with the request of the So-
ciety.

Voted, To proceed to the choice of one mem-
ber of the Garden and Cemetery committee, to fill
the vacancy therein.

The cominittee appointed to sort and count the
votes, reported the whole number given in was
19, all of which were for Charles Brown, Esq.
who was accordingly declared unanimously elect-
ed.

Voted, To proceed to the choice of two Vice
Presidents in the room of Enoch Bartlett and S.
A. Sliurtleff, Esq's who declined accepting the of-
fice.

On the ballots being counted it appeared the
whole number was 14, and that Samuel Pond had
12, Thomas Mason 11, and were accordingly de-
clared elected Vice Presidents for the year ensuing.
On the result being announced hy the Chair,
both of the gentlemen elect decliued accepting
the office.*

The Recording Secretary informed the Society,
that during his recent absence from the city, a
letter had been received by the Recording Secre-
tary pro tem. from the President elect of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, wherein he
was requested to advertise a notice of the adjourn-
ed meeting of the 18tli of October in three news-
papers. The Secretary slated his object in calling
the attention of the Society to this subject was to
aflTord them an opportimity of ascertaining wheth-
er any member or officer was empowered to con-
tract a debt for which the Society should be re-
sponsible without au express vote authorising him
so to do, and whether before the next stated meet
ing, or the first Saturday in December, any mem

her of the Society was entitled to act as President,
whereupon it was

Voted, That the letter of Mr. Cook, referred to
MS above, be committed to Messrs. S. A. Shurtleff,
C. Tappan, L. Grosvenor, and R. T. Paine, to con-
sider and report thereon.

Voted, That this meeting be dissolved.

R. T. Paine, Rec. Sec'y.

PRtJiTS EXHIBITED.

Horticultural Hall, Saturday, Oct. 25th, 1834.

Pears. By Mr. Cheever Newhall, Andrews Pear.

By Mr. E. M. Richards. Baking Pears, name un-
known. Also, Monsieur Jean; and another kind
name unknown, a small dark yellow fruit. '

By Mr. John Clapp of South Reading. A small
Iruit, much resembling that which is last described ;
another small round fruit without name ; also, Piatt's
Bergamotte ; the last large and handsome.

By Mr. Downer. The Beurre Diel, unripe; also,
Bleecker's Meadow, a small roundish yellow fruit, of
a sweet flavor. This variety was received of Messrs.
Bloodgood & Co. of Flushing. The fruit has been
compared m its flavor to tiie Catharine, and was
deemed inferior to the Minot Pear. Also, Urbaniste,
one of the fine new Flemish kinds.

By John Prince, Esq. of Jamaica Plain. The fruit
which he received from France as the Beurre du Roi.
This most superior variety has been here identified
as the Urbaniste.

By the Hon. John Lowell, from his country resi-
dence in Roxbnry. Beurre Knox, as received from
Mr. Knight. The fruit handsome, and deemed al-
most fii-st rate. It is here stated to be an enormous
bearer. Also, specimens of the Maria Louise, from
the original tree received of Mr. Knight; but its gen-
uineness seems to be doubted. Also, Nos. 4 and 10,
as sent and nimibered by Mr. Knight, in his last do-
nation. No. 10 is evidently a winter pear. (See Mr.
LowelVs Letter, on page 134 of this ATo. Farmer.)

By Mr. William Kenrick. Henri Quartre, a very
productive new variety, of medium size, beurre anti
sweet; a fruit sent by Mr. Knight for the Beurre D'-
Aremberg; the tree of this variety grows upright, and
is somewhat thorny, and is very productive.

Jlpples. By Mr. Manning. Beauty of Kent, a fi-uit
of good size and good flavor ; also, Drap D'Or of
Coxe and of Ronald, hut not of Duhamel, a large and
beautiful fruit of a flat form, of a yellow color and
excellent flavor. In addition to these inestimable
qualities the tree is one of the most productive varie-
ties known.

By Mr. John Clapp, of South Reading. Three va-
rieties of api)les for names ; one of them was identi-
fied as the Yellow Bellflower.

By the Hon. John Welles. Specimens of beauti-
ful apples, covered with stripes of bright red, of good
flavor.

By Blr. E. Marsh, of Quincy. A variety, part of
which on the diflferent branches, are stated to be sour
and part sweet ; and diflTerent parts of the same fruit
are sometimes both sour and sweet on different sides
■ — a small green fruit.

* There are twenty vacancies in the officers of ihe Society
for the ensuing year.

By Mr. Samuel Pond. A specimen of White Cal-
ville.

By Mr. William Kenrick. A variety from New
Hampshire, a red and green striped apple, of large
size and fine flavor.

By Mr. Senior. Ribslon Pippins.

Peaches. By Mr. Senior. Beautiful samples of ihe
Heath Clingstone. This fine variety seldom atluiiis
to full maturity in this northern climate.

Grapes. By Mr. John Clapp, of South Reading.
A small variety, of foreign origin.

For the Committee.

William Kxnkick.

124

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBKR 29, I«34 .

From the Ni-'U'fiJinjport llt:r(ild.
HORTK'TJLTUIIAL, EXHIBITION.

We sivc to-iliiy, iliR offiriMi iiccount entire, o(
tlie exliiliitinn oftlie Hnrticiiltiii-al Sot-iety — sever-
al errors haviiif; occurred in tlie porlion of it pub-
lished on Friday.

NEWBURYPORT HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The following individuals contributed to the
Exhibition :

Col.Moseley — White Chasselas, Isalmlla, White
Muscadine and Black Chi?ter Grapes, Pounil and
Berjramot pears. Peaches, Apples, Watermelon,
Muskmelon, Yellow Crookneek Squash, weighinf;
■24 1-2 pounds, 2 Cucumbers 16 inches long, 1
larire Savoy Cabbage.

i\Ir. Stephen S. Hodge — 3 Seed Cucumbers,
Very large.

Mr. N. Marsh — 1 squash, weighing 41 lbs.
Wm. Woart, Esq — 2 large squashes, 1 weigh-
ing 26 lbs.

Capt. Nicholas Brown — 1 Crookneck Squasli,
1 Long Yellow, do. weighing 40 His.

Mr. Daniel Bazin — 6 Seed Cucumbers, very
large.

Mr. J. Lowe, W. Newbury — 3 Canlillowers,
1 Calibage, Princess of Wales Peaches, fine.

Joshua Ordway, W. Newbury — .Apples, Grand-
father's Graft, Kiiglish Pearmain, Pearniain Rus-
set, Warner, King, Billow, Lane Sweeting, Ord-
v/ay Pippin, Lady's BUisli, N. York Pippin, Smith
Sweeting, Fall (Jreenings.

Capt. John T. Ross — Isabella Grapes, very fine ;
Winter Pears.

Capt. Jacob Ilorton — Very fine Cat Head Ai>-
plcs ; other very fine apples, name luiknown.

Mr. Jeremiah Goodridge, \V. Newbury — Bald-
win and Greening Ajiplcs.

Hon. E. S. Rand — Ribstone Pippins, Chanmon-
tel Pears, Native CJrapes, White Chasselas Grapes.
Mr. Samuel Scribner, Newbury — Dartmouth
Apples.

Mr. J. Chickering — Beautiful Fall Peaches,
Golden Ball.

Mr. J. J. Knapp — Grapes.
Mr. Edmund Knight — Ri[>e Figs.
Mr. Ebeu Stedman— Fine Isabella Grapes, Cyl-
inder of Silk Worm's Cocoons, Maria Louisa
Pear, 2 large French Apples from a tree four feet
high only, 1 Vegetalile Marrow Squash, 1 Sum-
mer Squash, St. Michael's Pears.

Capt. Hector Coffin, Rock Farm — Aiijjles, Black
Gillillower, Striped Winter Sweetings, 5 large
Russets from a young tree, the first and only fruit
it ever bore. Rock Sweetings, Noyes Sweetings,
Long Johns, Golden Russets, Bahlwins, Winter
Greenings, Winter Russets, Red and Yellow Mal-
lacoton Peaches, Isabella Grapes, Early Corn,
planted I\Iay 14lh, in silk and lassel July 1st, fit
to boil July 20th, harvested Sept. 20th, ripe, crop
90 bushels ears to the acre ; Spindle Corn, 3 kinds,
8, 10 and 12 rows, many ears 12 to 15 inches
long ; large keruelled Indian corn, 2 kinds, many
ears a foot long ; Late Sweet Corn, now in order
for boiling ; London Ilurticidtural Beans, Phila-
delphia Bunch Beans, Bimch Casekuife Beans,
Quaker Bush Beans, Early Snap Short Bush
Beans, Wellington Bush Beans, green and dry ;
2 kinds West India Squash, White and Striped
Green Winter Siiuash, South American Sipiasli,
McMahon's Cucumber, very large ; Early Frame
Cucumber, very large, Star Sunntier Squash,
Gourgas Seedling Potatoes, Long White Seed-
ling Potatoes ; Apples very large, nan)e unknown.

sprig of 6 Black Russet Apples touching each
other.

Mr. John O. W. Brown — Two Cylinders Hon-
ey in Comb.

Mr. Joseph M. Titcomb — Isabella Grapes, Red
Currants.

Mr. Moses Kimball — Grapes.

Mr. L. J. Caverly — 1 Squash weighing 27 1-2
ponnd.s.

Mr. Luther Carkin — Pumpkin Squash.

Miss Mary Greenleaf^Isabella Grapes, White
Chasselas Grapes.

J. Smith, W. Newbury — A Maunnolh Sunflow-
er, 4 ft. 3 in. in circumference.

Capt. Edmund Bartlett — V'ery large Apples.

Col. Jeremiah Colman — Apples, Fall Gilliflow-
er and Pumpkin Sweetings.

Mr. Richard Stone — New England Pippin, Ap-
ples very large and beautiful.

Mrs. Joseph Balch, Roxbury — A single very
large and beautiful Heath Peach, 8 3-4 inches in
circumference.

Capt. John H. Titcomb — Quinces, fine.

Master John M Davis — A Cucumber grown in
a phial.

Capt. Anthony Francis, 1 Twin Squash.

Mr. David P. Page — A Crookneck Squash, a
Lusus Naturaj in the form of the letter S, grown
in tlie garden of Eleazer Johnson, Jr.

Mrs. Zebedee Cook — An Acorn Squash.

Maj. Samuel Shaw — Isabella Grapes.

FLOWERS IX POTS.

Mrs. Jolui Porter — 2 China Roses, fine, My-
crauthum of Grandiflora, Washington Geranium,
Myrtle, fine, ©range Trees eight years old, Dnph-
nedora, Fuschia Cociuea, or Ladies Ear Drop,
beautiful. Cactus, Chrystalized Geranium, Oak
Leafed Geranium.

Miss Rebecca Atkins — Cluster Roses, Splendid
Gillifiower, 1 Grandiflora.

Miss Mary D. Hodge — Rose Geranium, a slip
from June very large. Balm Geranium, Rose Ge-
ranium.

Miss. Ann Hodge — Carnation Pink fine. Hy-
drangea superb. Musk Geranium, Ice plant very
large, Havana Vine.

Mr. T. B. White — Gilliflower, Pennyroyal, Ge-
ranium, Scarlet Chrysanthemum.

Mrs. White — 2 monthly Itoses.

Mr. Gilman White— Pot Marigold,' Gilliflower.

Mr. N. G. Bassett — Monthly China Rose.

Miss Harriet I'l Ilorton— Rose Geranium, hand-
some.

Master Henry Britchcr — Horse Shoe Geranium,
Pennyroyal do., Otaheitan plant.

Miss H. Rand — Wellington Geranium, Mexican
Sage, Fuschia Cocrinea, Crasula, Acuba Japonica
or (iold Dust Tree.

Mrs. Edmund Knight— Fig Tree in fruit, a fine
siu'cimen of the Fruit ripe.

Mr. David P. Page— Double Dahlia, brick color.

Mrs. John Chickering— Purple Ainaranthus.

Miss Sweetscr — Myrtle very largo. Balm Gera-
nium.

Mrs. Nathaniel Foster — siqierb Lauristina com-
ing into bloom.

Mrs. Moseley— Colchicum, Mexican age.

A beautiful Lenjon Tree, owner not known.

Mrs. Hector Cofliu, Rock Farm— Acube Japon-
ica or Gold Dust Tree, Euphorbia or Caper Tree,
Lemon Tree, Orange Tree, Washington Dahlia,
very large Double do.. Scarlet Dahlia, Calla or
Ethiopian Lilly, Chinese Chrysanthemum, White

Cypress Vine, Ice Plant, Horse Shoe Gcrannuii
Pennyroyal do., Washington do.. Ice do.. Rose do
Myrtle, Scarlet do. do.. Purple Globe do., Swet
.Vllyson, Otaheitean Plant, Seedum, Pomegranate
Sanguinea Rose, Gilliflower, Cranberry Plain
Bloody Wallflower, Lavender, Medical Plant, Doi
hie Feverfew.

There were a great many contributors of en
Flowers for wreaths and bouquets, many of whuii
were imknown — among those kntjwii are :

Mrs. Coffin, Rock Farm— 58 kinds.

Misses Mary D. and Ann Hodge — 35 kinds.

Rev., Mr. Fox— IQ or 12 kinds.

Mr. Pigeon — Traveller's Joy, a beanliflil will
Flower.

Miss Mary D. H. Simpson — S kiiuls.

Misses Margaret Horton, Elizabt ih A. Shn\
Margaret Ann Moody, Lydia R. Kiudiall.

Mrs. J. J.Kuajip — Many kinds, very handsom

Miss Elizabeth A. Wood — Many kinds, wiih
Bulb Hedge Hog hainlsojnely dressed.

Sarah Greenwood — Greville Rose, 'and oth
Flowers.

Miss Elizabeth Porter — 11 kinds, among whic
was the Variegated Euphorbia.

Messrs. Caleb Huse, T. B. White, Ebencz
Stedman, Silas Titcomb, James Lowe, Mr. Aslib
Mr. Fullerton.

It has been the intention of the Society to j;i
credit for every presentation of Fruits, Flowt
and Vegetables ; and shoidd any names have be
omitted, it is through ignorance, and unintention«
and therefore it is hoped will be excused.

To Mrs. Cofliu, Mrs. Porter, Mrs. Doctor Spi
ford, and Mrs. Moseley, with Mrs. Jlary D. llodi;
Elizabeth Porter, Lucy Moseley, H. Rand, a:
other yoimg ladies, who aided and assisted
dressing the Hall with so much taste, the Socit
feel much indebted ; as also to those who so lihi
ally furnished Flowers for the occasion ; and
Mr. Stephen S.Hodge, in furnishing the evergre
trees in its decoration.

The Fruits were generally of very superior qu.
ities and size. The Vegetables have never be
equalled ; — and when it is considered that we ha
no Green Houses in our vicinity to protect t
fragile and tender flowers from the hard frosts i
cently experienced, it may be considered womli
ful that so fine a display could have been mat
and speaks volumes in favor of the refined niin
ai]d delicate haiuls, which have extended to ihf
that protection which has preserved them for
important an occasion.

The whole show is highly creditable to tl;
quarter of the County, and exliilnts the deep a
increasing interest excited by our infant instiiuti
in the town and neighborhood ; and ihe great i|
cession of new nieirdicrs to the Society has «
ceeded our most sanguine hopes.

Among so many |)resentations, all good, it «

impossible to do justice in extolling their imiiv j

ual merits; therefore the simply registering ll

articles has only been attem[)ted. ||

Per order, T. B. White, Secretary.

The following are the Officers for the eiisui
year : —

President — Ebenczer Moseley.

Vice Presidents— Hector Coflin, Henry FrO'
ingham. <

Recording Secretary— Thomas B. White.

Corresponding Secretary — John Porter.

Treasurer — David P. Page.

vox.. XIII. NO. 10.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOUUNAL.

Trustees — EilwanI S. R:iii(l, Jciliii Wills, Ehfii-
fzer Stediiian, JeiTiriiali Coliiiiiii, Win. Asliliy, Jer-
■eiiii;ili Nelson, Aitios Nines, Win. Bartlelt, Jr.
Cha-les Hod-e, Asa W. WiMes.

Evermive Cominiltop — John Osi.'ooil,.loc,'l .Scott,
John Greenleaf, Daviil P. Pajfe, Sil.is 'j'ilconih.

12.5

Prom Loudon's (i(irtli'ihr\K Iilii<xdzini>.
GARDEN OF UEV. THOS. GAUKIER.

This is a place of nn acre or two, on a hanl;
facing the somli, ri'niarkaMe for its vv.ill, covered
^ilh choice half-hardy |ilants, and its lawn, orna-
mented with tlie liiiest American shrutis aiul most
select trees. It is a [>erfert <;eni of hotaiiical
lieauty in the foref;roiiiid, hi.'ightened in efiect hy
iiiterestin}? fjleaiiis of distant scenei-y, seen between
jind over fine oaks and elms on the lower part of
the declivity.

The lirst thing xve saw on cnterinr; Mr. Garnier's
grounds, was a i^lagnolja nnuHliflova ajrainst the
house, 27 fi. hi^'h anil ahoni 25 ft. wide, which
was transplanted in the nionlh of Aii<;iist, v\'hen in
flower, 12 years ago, withont sustaining tlie least
injury ; the reason hoiiig, that every root and fibre
was preserved, and the latter not exposed to the
air for more than five minutes. There are other
magnolias against the house, equally high. The
wall, against which are trained so many fine plants,
Jias been Imilt about six years, and is about 10 ft.
Jiigh. Among the plants on the wall, the more
iin(!oininon are several of the New Holland species,
of the genera Acacia, Metrosideros, Eucalyptus,
Melaleuca, &c.

The lierbaceons plants, at tlie base of the wall,
are several Aniarylli.'/cffi ; ixias, and oilier /ridere ;
nnil a good colleetiou of mesembryaiitheninms.
Among the phmts on the lawn are groups of ca-
mellias, vvhii'li siaiid the winter without ony pro-
lection, the loqiiat, myrtles, tree rhododendrons,
araucarias ; .3'iiies Webbmjin, nw\ other rare spe-
cies ; all the magnolias, including maxima, and
that variety of conspicua which is named citriodo-
ra ; the former has flowered, but it dropped with-
out the color liaviiig been ascertained. We must
from necessity, pass over the names of a great
number of other valuable plants, as well on the
lawn as on the wall, and conclude by noticing a

a very neat span-roofed conservatory, placed on a
pliiilh of three steps, which forms a termination to
the terrace Walk. The outer border of this walk
is ornamented with vases, placed at regular dis-
tances.

Among the general principles which regulate
Mr. Garnier's management, we shall mention three
of preeminent iiiiporiance ; first, he arranges all his
flowers and shrubs in masses of one kind, even to
the varieties of Ge6rgt?irt, liy which he produces
brilliant masses of ilie same color ; secondly, all
his groups and masses are of plain forms, such as
circles, ovals, squares, and parallelograms, in the
genuine English manner; thirdly, he transplants
the azaleas, rhododendrons, and other American
shrubs every year, and at any season of the year,
so as to keep every individual plant dctacheil from
the rest, though close to them ; and, fourthly, his
great secret in acclimatising, or, in other words, in
enabling tender plants to stand the winter in the
open air, is to have a perfectly dry subsoil. The
owners of gardens \\\\\ gee, from this, that, when
u'den or shrubbery is planted, the work

bor

exotic plants against the conscrvaiory wall are
covered during the most severe weather in winter,
with common garden matting. The coping of this
wall has a copper guttering, making an entire pro-
jection of eight inches, which, besides keeping oft
all perpendicular rain from the wall and the bor-
der at its foot, is a protection from perfiendicular
cold. The soil required for each exotic planted
against tliis wall is renewed every other year ; and
in order to do this to the larger articles, the gravel
of the terrace walk in front requires to be removed.
The American shrubs grow so vigorously in the
groups in the lawn, that they are taken up and re-
planted every two years, generally in the month of
September. The azaleas and rhododendrons are
taken up with large balls of earth, ami the ground
is so well watered, at the time of re|)lanting that
the jdants never lose any of their leaves. They
are placed at such distances as nearly to toncli
one another ; so that if they were not taken up
and jdaced farther apart, every two years, they
would soon form a matted thicket, and display
blossom only on their upper surface ; whereas, by
keeping each plant distinct, it disjjlays its blossoms
all round from the ground to the summit. The
soil in which these American plants are grown is
composed of two thirds of sandy peat and one
third of rich loam. The loam is absolu'tely neces-
sary to promote the vigorous growth of azaleas,
rhododendrons, and almost all kinds of American
shrubs.

The great advantage of this garden is, its being
situated in a very dry subsoil. Great mischief to
all tender plants is produced by the late hoar
frosts in March and April, which are generally fol-
lowed by very liot sunny days ; but, when exotics
are planted in a genial soil placed on a very dry
sulisoil, and in a warm sheltered situation, tliey
ripen their wood so well in the autumn, that they
are much better conditioned to resist hoar-frosts,
and that scorching of the young leaves, which is
produced by succeeding sunshine, than such as
are planted in rich soils : though the latter may
grow more luxuriantly, they never can ripen their
wood.

ed that Jiiiel has bee

a flower-

is but commenced, and that the care and
afterwards imist be continual.

We have been subsequently informed that the

From the New York Fanner.
VISIT TO JUDGE BUEL'S FARM.

It is well known to every reflecting mind that
Agriculture is tlie basis of national wealth and
[iros[)erity ; and it is, or should be as well known,
that with all our boasted improvements, the agri-
culture of our nation is at least half a century be-
hind what it ought to be. But if I introduce the
siibjtct to any man engaged in agriculture, he
generally takes it in dislike, or at least thinks me
a fool ; and if he is not better acquainted with the
principles of politeness than with those of agricul-
culture, he generally tells me so. Siieak to him
of the advantages which science ofiers to the pro-
fession, and he considers it perfect nonsense ; tell
him of the extraordinary results which are being
produced daily all around him by good manage-
ment, and he believes it all deception if not down-
right lies. He lias no faith in book farming.

From these considerations, I hope it may not
give offence to present to the public through your
paper, some remarks and reflections which occur-
red to my mind on a visit which I was politely
indulged with the privilege of making, a few days
since, at the residence and farm of Judge Buel,
near Albany. But, as I religiously avoid elec-
tioneering ou all occasions, as I have since learn-

en spoken of as a candidate
for Governor of this state, I shall say nothing res-
pecting his qualifications for that or any other of-
fice, (except that, were the choice left to me, of
all men 1 ever knew, he would be my man.) My
sole object in this communication, is agricultural,
not political.

Judge B. is emphatically, and in the strictest
sense of the phrase, a book farmer. He was bred
a printer, and, 1 believe followed that business,
without having any jiractical acquaintance with
farming, nutil about ten years ago he purchased
the place where he now resides; hm which was a
piece of waste ground, considered of very little
value, being of very indifterent soil, run over with
shrub pines and interspersed with marshes. This
piece of ground which notwithstanding its location
about two miles from the city, could never, at any
time in its natural state, have been worth more
than from 20 to 30 dollars per acre, would now
bean object of speculation at two hundred dol-
lars. This same spot which I have looked at
with regret at its dreary appearance, as in former
years I have ridden past it, is now, by the " book
learnt skill" of its owner, changed to a scene
which a monarch might envy, and a philosopher
of the most refined taste might long contemplate
with pleasing admiration. In all his plans of op-
eration, and choice in selecting subjects for culti-
vation, his only instriicters ha\e been his own re-
flections aided by his well selected library.

I repeat it, — it is not my object to draw the
public attention to the proprietor, for [ know bis
mind soars above the little mead of public admi-
ration ; luit to present to the incredulous farmer a
scene which shall silence all objections to hook
farming. Ilere the common agriculturist can see
apiece ofgr6nnd, which ten years since would
scarcely have been taken as a gift, advanced in •
value from its cost, in less than ten years more
than six hundred per cent ; and in this dry and
unproductive season, when farmers are cutting and
clearing the ground of their withered and unripe
corn, he can see a crop of from eighty to ninety
bushels to the acre, and every other production of
a well cultivated .farm yielding in proportion.
.And not only the agriculturist — the admirer of the
beauties of nature may here view and contem-
plate the productions or every quarter of the "
globe ; the botanist, the horticulturist and the fior- j#
istmay here even increase their catalogues of sub-
jects from the specimens before them, while the
tyro in each branch may improve liis knowledge
by the scientific and instructive remarks and ex-
planations of Mr Wilson, the partner and overseer
of the nursery and gardens.

ITEMS.

The Bangor Republican says there are farmers
not thirty miles from Bangor who have taken a
Thousand Dollnrs in cash as the clear income from
their crop of Hops the present season.

A resolution has been introduced into the Legis-
lature of Vermont, the object of which is to pre-
vent the iiassing of small bills from other States
and prohibit the issuing of bills of less than three
dollars.

A lady being asked who she considered to be
the best man in his majesty's dominions, replied
that she thought Mr. Macadam ought to be, as his
whole time was employed in mending Aw ways.

126

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCTOBER 29. I!i34.

NEW KNGLANU FARM Ell.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING. OCT. 29, 1834.

wli
pear

For the New /■England Farmer.
WEEVIl. IN CORN.

Thos. G. Fesse.nden, E.sq. — Sir, As Editor of
the N. E. Fiirmer, I setid .yon two ear-s of corn of
tlie frrovvih of 1833. Tli«se are some of llie cars,
I'll were liuiig U|) for seed corn, and from a|)-

[irances will give yon a jfond idea of the maimer
in wliicli we have lost aliout 15 hnsliels, whicli
are in the ear; at least I should sn|i|iose the corn
useless for hread stnH'. The insect which esca|ie.<
from thegrain'is a small insiiinificant looUin^' moth
or miller. Yon will |)rohahly find it in the grnh
or clirysiilis state in the ears which I send yon. I
cannot learn that any of the farmers abont liere
ever saw corn in this condition hefnre. If it is a
new enemy, the sooner we are made accinaintcd
■with it the hettcr — that we may be able to ^niiUil
or provide against its ravages. There has been
the most inisebief done in wliat was the toftest
corn. Respectfully yonrs,

Samuel Plam'.

The Weevil in Indian corn is very common, and causes
much damage in the Southern States, but we do not re-
collect, previous to the receipt of the above, to have
heard of this insect's having been naturalized in New
England.

A writer for the Southern Agriculturist, with the sig-
nature Z. observes as follows : " 1 suffered for many
years, from the destruction of my corn by weevil, and
the total absence of them now is in consequence of the
use of a very simple remedy. The land which I plant
in corn is low, and requires almost as much draining as
the river lands, but is productive and yields abundant
crops. Whether it is owing to the location of the land,
or other (to me) unknown causes, I am unable to say,
but the fact is, that the corn is often taken from the field
with a great many weevil in it. No injury seems to re-
sult from their residence iri it while in the field, or dur-
ing the cold weather, but as soon as the summer's sun
had shed his genial warmth upon us, these intruders
gave notice of their existence, by commencing the work
of destruction. Upon several occasions my provisions
were materially injured, and much complained of by the
consumers. I tried a variety of remedies without effect-
Late planting and early planting were both suggested
and tried ; the land was all broken up deep in the winter
with a jjlough ; the seed was coated with tar and soot,
and finally was brought from one of the sea-islands, at a
distance, and planted. The crops, 1 think, were improv-
ed by each of the remedies in quantity, but the enemy
still retained his position unmoved, and apparently im-
movable. I was one day mentioning the circumstance
to a friend, who told me that he had understood that the
wild myrtle" (Myrica cerifera) was a sovereign remedy
for tliis seemingly incurable disease. At this time the
destruction had commenced, and the insects were to be
seen in every direction j a quantity of myrtle was pro-
cured, and spread over the top of the corn, and directions
given to follow it up, if any effect was visible. My re-
moval to town for the summer prevented my attending
to the business any farther, and 1 learned upon inquiry
in the fall that " il seemed to check the weevil in some
degree." Tliis was not satisfactory, and as the corn in
tire field was apparently more than usually infested, 1
determined to give the experiment a fair trial. The corn
house was emptied, and swept, and washed with boiling
water ; the floor was then covered with myrtle ; a layer
6fDofn about nfoot deep wa^ then brought in, and then
t. layer of layhle, and this ro«tiagwient i ooniii»l»fl4
throughout itlffit<»hale bareeat^i Ojiaeoving,' t9nR9v^,i(h^

top of the corn with a bed of these little bushes. During
the winter I several times examined the corn near the
door, and saw no weevil; yet I was fearful, that in the
body of the house the mischief might still be going on-
Late in the spring we began to use the corn freely, and
still found no weevil ; the crop was eventually consumed,
and was to the last entirely free from insects of all and
every kind.

This was to me satisfactory, and the rule has been uni-
formly observed of strewing the house with myrtle, and
no weevil have since been seen. My corn house is di-
vided into two bins, and an entry ; and this year I had
planted a small field alone, and desired that it might be
kept separate. Into this entry it was thrown, and no
myrtle was put with it, but the two bins « ere as usual
well supplied. Upon my examining the corn house, I
found the corn in the entry filled with weevil, while that
in the bin was perfecdy free from all insects. The corn
was immediately removed, and though filled with insects,
was divided between the two bins, and myrtle plentiful-
ly strewed over the top of each. I am now eating the
corn, and the weevil are no where to be found.

This last accidental experiment is more convincing
than either of the others ; here the two bins were free
from weevil, and the corn which was separated from
them, only by a loose board partition, was filled, and I
have little doubt would have been rendered unfit for use
before the summer was over."

We are not certain, but believe that weevil in Indian
corn is the same insect which is called by that name,
and is often found in wheat. With regard to the weevil
in wheat, M. Duhainel, a French writer of celebrity, has
observed that considerable heat is necessary for hatching
the eggs of the weevil, and that this insect cannot breed
in granaries which are well ventilated. To prevent this
he made repeated experiments, the I'esults of which made
it evident that this insect cannot multiply in grain that
retains a proper degree of coolness, which it may be wel'
to do, by frequent ventilation. When grain is agitated
in a sieve fine enough to retain it, the weevils contract
their legs, and are, in that position, so much smaller
than the grain that they drop through the sieve.

Mr. L'Hommidicu, of New York, found that a sprink-
linir of lime on wheat infested with these insects, in the
bin, soon drove them away. The Farmer' s .Assistant as-
serts that " sulphur or snuff, put up in little papers or
hairs, and properly distributed among the wheat in the
bin, will keep them out, or drive them out when they
have got possession. A plant of henbane has the same
effect ; and so have the wood and leaves of the Lombardy
poplar. A bin made of boards of this wood will never
have a weevil in it."

[Jj'Several articles, communicatiLn.i,&c. intended for
this day's paper are deferred, for want of room to our
nex~t.

Erratum.. We have been requested to correct a mis-
take which occurred in the New England Farmer of Oct.
8, 18'34, page 9!t,lstcoluran, for " title of Vice President,"
read title o? first Vice President.

LARGE CUCUMBER.

A note from Mr. M. P. Wilder, Esq. informs us that
Samuel L. Wilder, Esq. of Rindge, N. H. has, this year
raised a Cucumber measuring 18 inches in length, 13 1-2
inches in circumference, and weighing G lbs. 7 oz.

MILI. WASTED FOR GRINDING PLASTER, AND
BONES.

Mr. Fesse.sdbn — Is there any mill in this vicinity
where Plaster of Paris and Bones can be ground ? Per-
haps some of your correspondents can tell. I cannot
find any, even for Plaster, except one in Boston, where
the price is very extravagant. Would not one be well
encouraged, which should grind both these articles, both
very useful in agriculture .'

LETTER OF JUDGE LOWELL,.

RoxBURY, Oct. 25, 1834.
To the Committee of the Hort. Society, on Frvits :

I send you one or two specimens of the lately
introduced Flemish and English pears. 1. The
Beurre Kno.x. This I kimvv to be certainly the
name, by which Mr. Knight sent it to me, being
taken from the original tree. It is an enormous
bearer, but is subject to rot, liefore it is ripe. It
should be remarked, however, that in soils less dry
than mine, it may be free from this defect. Be-
siiles, I am not sure, that I Imve, us yet, discover-
ed the proper season for gathering it. 2. The
iVlnrie Louise, from ttie original tree, sent by Mr.
Knight. On this, I slionid remark, that the tree
was nearly killed in 1832, that tlie fruit is not of
HALF its/ormer size, and is no yair specimen. It
is now a viiserable fruit. 1 have never been fully
satisfied tliat it was the true Marie Louiise. The
Flemish fruits liad not been well examined when
Mr. Knight sent \V\»Jirst trees to this country, in
1823. But my tree is so diseased, that I do not
think its frtiit a fjiir sample. I have bad very fne

formerly. 1 send you a speeiinen of the last

donation of Mr. Knight, nimibered /our in his list;
as I have not that list in my possession, Mr. Heard
or Mr. Parsons will be able to give its name. 4.
is a specimen of No. 10 in Mr. Knight's last dona-
tion, the name of which must be obtained by ap-
plication to those gentlemen. It is evidently a
winter pear. Respectfully, yours,

J. Lowell.
P. S. We must exercise the patience and cau-
tion of the European cultivators, before we decide
upon the names of our fruits, or we shall be in-
volved in a confusion, which we can never unravel.
Convinced of this, I imported, Inst year, from the
Chevalier Parmentier, twenty-seven varieties of the
new Flemish peais. I was iiulueed to select him,
because the London Horticultural Society had
awarded him a premium, as having furnished the
most correct catalogue of fruits, of any man in Eu-
rope. My trees are from his nurseries, named by
liimself. I was particularly careful to order those,
of ivhose nomenclature ive had doubts. This will
tend to correct the mistakes (if they exist), in trees
derived from sources less aulhentic. They are all
alive, and grafted in old trees, and I hope to he
able to afford specimens, which will go much far-
ther in settling names and synonimes, than by
propagating from each other perhaps incorrectly na-
med fruits.

There is one general remark, that I think very
important to make. Holland, Flanders, and Great
Britain are more congenial to the pear, than our
coimtry, even as far north as New England. Even,
in tho.se /avored countries, the pear is often grown
on walls, and carefully thinned out, while we rare->
ly afford any protection, and suffer our trees to ex-
haust themselves by over-bearing. So long as we
pursue this avaricious system, we must be utterly
incapable of judging of the merits of European
fruits. At best, the pear is impatient of the ex-

Uj'Subscribers in Maine who have heretofore settled
their abwunts with,MPS?r9t Cfilm»n.*^ Co, of Portland, "'eme heat and drought of our summer, and we
«i8,irfounedU.»t«ht ugf'^tf.mmAf 4iwwtiW9d..H ,i ' '='?''?,WyWr,.'^,^, 9yi'i(.„!]y.-W?^"«,?'W .'R .S'^*. "'"

vol.. XIII, so. 10.

AND HORTrCULTURAL JOURNAL.

127

fruit its (air chance, by siiffeiing it to over|iower
itself, by great and excessive production, which
our liot suminers predispose it to do. I «ni not
satisfied, that if we thinned properly our fruits in
May, we should not escape the evil so universal,
of blight, and crackingof the fruit in Au<j;ust. Sure
it is, that when we have a small crop, the pear is
more fiir, and well flavored.

You will excuse an old cultivator for making
these suggestions. My own estate, I have been
long convinced, is not adapted to tlu; pear. Its
sub-soil is either gravel or sand. The pear will
not flourish, except in very deep loams, or on a ba-
sis of clay. It is equally true of the plum. I have
now endeavored to remedy the evil, by applying
clay as a manure, instead of aniiual manure, which
is transitory, and I recoiuniend the trial to others,
6in)ilarly situated. My first trial is \ery favorable
— extremely so.

BREMEN GEKSE.

For sale, a few pairs of fine Bremen (ieese by

GEORGE C. BARRETT.

BlICKTHORNS.

For sale by GEO. C. BARRETT a lew thousand Buck
thorns, tlirifty and of good size. oct. 15.

SPLENDID BULBOUS ROOTS.

This day received direct finm Holland, a splendid collection

o( Double and single Hyacinths, Polv.inthos, Narcissus,

double and single Jo.sauiLLs, Crown Imperial Crokus,

Glauiulus of sorts, Frittellekas Amaryllis. &c,

GEO. C. BARRETT.

Nett) England Seed Store.

13,000 PEACH TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of forming orchards of the Peach tree
are now offered a capital selection of the tinesl kinds.
Apply to WILLIAM KEiNRICK., Newton. ocl I

COCKSPUR THOUNS.

A few bushels of Seeds or Berries of this celebrated Tiiorn
from the farm of Jno. Prince, Esq. of Jamaica Plains, for sale
by GEO. C. BARRETT, New England Seed Store. Price
gS.OO per bushel. oc 29

NOTICE TO HORTICULTURISTS.

A new plan for labelling Plants, Trees and Flowers, which
will be found valuable for durability and coiu'enience, has in-
duced ilie Subscriber to propose to furnish ZINC LABELS,
with the name of the Tree, Plant or Flower desire^^ written
upon it as to defy lime to obliterate it. Those wh^Rlsh to be
furnished \\ith theuiwill send a list of such names affare VA'anti
ed. TUo Zinc Tickets written upon will be furnished at from
,gl to 5 1. super 100. Try thlm. Jk

oc S GEO. C. BAtBetT.

NOTICE.

An experienced farmer would like to hire or lake the super-
intendence of a farm in the vicinity of Boston. Good referen-
ces Ciin be given. Inquire at this' office.

SITUATION WANTED.

An experienced gardener with his wife would like a situa-
tion as such. Good reconiinendaticns will be produced.

Enquire at this office. ocl I

HOLLIS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind-Galls, Old strains, Stiff joints,

Swelled orCracked Heels, and lor Horses that are strain-
ed in the back sinews, wrung in the withers, &c. ;
also lor Glandular swellings of llie Throat.

The ingredients uhich compose this preparation have been
carefully selected alter many years experience, and are soitie
of the most successful remedies united, correctly proportioned
and happljj^dapted to afford relief in all the above mentioned
compbiinls5 the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article is used, it will be preferred to any other, as it is decid-
edly the best and certainly the most convenient article in use.

N. B. Persons afflicted with Rheumatism. Sprains, Cramp,
Numbnes"?, Stiffness or Weakness in the Join'ts, will liud this
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remefly.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOI^LIS, Druggist and
Chemisi, No. 30. Union Street, Boston, Mass.

IdTThe Publ c are requested to observe dial each label is
signed.

Price of lar;e Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o2;)

FRUIT TREES.

Ornamental TREES, and PLANTS, &,c
Nursery of WILLIAM KENRICK, in
Newton, Mass. b.^miles from Bosloii bij the
Western Avenue, and la mile from the Worces-
ter liaif Road.

This establishment now compactly covers 18 acres, and
comprises the selections of the finest kinds of Pears, Apples,
(.'berries. Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Apricots. Almonds,
Quinces, Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries,
and Mulberries, including the Chinese Miilberr\', or MoRus
McLTicAULls, so celebrated for silk ; Strawberries, Figs, &c.
No pains, no labor, or expense has been sparcti, in obtaining
the most celebrated varieties .which have here been congregated
from di\crs climates and latitudes, and from lirst-rate sources
— selectiims adaptedjio every section of the Union. The Or-
namental Trees and Plants alone, comprise ope thousand va-
rieties, the most beautiful kinds known ; these include Horse
Chesnuts. Weeping Willows, Catalpas. Mountain .\>li. .\ilan-
thus or Tree ot Heaven, Scotch Larch. Silver Firs, Venetian
Sumach, Altheas. Snowballs, Lilacs, Honeysuckles, itc, — Su-
perb China and Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Flowering Plants,
Piconies, and splendid Double Dahlias.

Gentlemen arc respectfully invited to forward their orders
earhi. — Earh' in .Autumn, being an excellent season for trans-
planting. Aildressto WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton. Mass.
Trees. iScc. deli\'ered in Boston without charge for transporta-
tion, they are selected and labelled with due precaution and
care ; and «'hen ordered theuce, they are stiitablv packed, and
forwariled to their destination, by land or sea. Or orders will
receiie the same attention it left with Geo. C. Barrett,
who is agent, at his seed store anil New England Faimer
Office. Nos. 51 & 52, North Market Street. Boston. Cata-
jogues gratis on application. ocl 1

PARMER.

An experienced Farmer who would lake charge or other-
wise of a farm, who can produce satisfactory recommendations
wants a situation. Enquire at this office.

APPLE PARING MACHINE.

Willis' Improved Apple Paring Machine is found to be very
handy and useful for paring apples, pears, &c., is very siinple
in its construction, and is used with great expedition. Those
who are in the daily habit of using apples will find this imple-
nienl very convenient and useful. Sep. 10.

WHITE DUTCH CLOVER.

Just received and for sale, at the New Ensland Seed Store,
51 it 52 .North Market street —

lUOO lbs. White Dutch Clover in prime order, and far snpc
rior lo Amoricau Seeds, at reduced prices. ' sep 3-

SEEDS, Cfor fall sowing)

For Sale, at the New England Seed Store, connected
with the N. E. Farmer office, 51 &l 52 North Market street, or

White Portugal- Onion Seed — Silver Skin, do.— Fall 13
Prickly Spinach— Black Spaiiish or Winter Radish— Celery,
•■Vc. Ac. nuir

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES.

The subscriber is now prepared to receive orders for trees
for fall siting out, and the best attention iviil be paid to orders
by mail or otherwise. Catologues lo be had gratis upon ap-

plication.

GEO. ClJARRETT.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS.

For Sale, at New England Seed Store, 51 and 52 North
Market street, the following kinds of Strawberry Plants,
some of them new and tine varieties. Orders are solicited
early.

PRICE pr doz. m-]W

1 Chili,

2 Alpine,

3 Methven Castle,
<! White Chili

5 Chili Large Scadet,
b Wilmol,

7 Keen's .Seedling, -

8 Dowiiton,
!l Mulberry,

111 Bath Scarlet,

1 1 Roseberry,

12 English Red Wood,

13 do. White do.

14 Pine Apple,

15 Ilautbois,

lb Monthly While Bush,
17 do. Scarlet do.
Ifl Early Virginia.
lU Genuine Montlily Alpine,
2f) Wellington or Boslock,

21 Roval Scadet,

22 Grove End,

23 Caroline, -

24 Large Lima,
Large Early Scarlet.

2G French IVIusk Hautbois,

27 Southboro' .Seedling,

28 True prolific Hautbois,
2y Kiievetl's New Pine,
3C|New or Black Hambois,

25

25

25

25

25

37.1

25

25

12iea
do. do.

25

25

25

371

50

50

50

50

50
tl

50

n

50

n

«i

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

Corrected -witli great care, iveeltly, ^

, new,

Hay,

Apples, russets, . .
lit ans, while, ....
Beef, mess, (new) . .
Cargo, No. 1 . .
prime, ....
Beeswax, (American)
Bu'rTER,liispectetl, No. 1

Cheese, new nulk,

skimmed milk, . . .

Feathers, northern, geese, . .

southern, geese, . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed,

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash
Baltimore, Howard sir.
Baltimore, wharf, (none)

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, .

southern yellow,.

while, ....

Rye, Noilliern, . . .

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime
best English, . .

Eastern screwed, . . .
Hard pressed, ....

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (new) . . .

2d quality . . .

Lard, Boston, Islsort, . . .

Southern, 1st sort, . . .

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . .

" upper, .

Dry Hide, sole. . .

" upper, . .

Philadelphia, sole, .

Baltimore, sole, . ' .

Lime, best sort ....

Pork, Mass. inspec, extra clear.

Navy, Mess

Bone, middlings, . .
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (none) .
Red Top, nortiiern, ^.
Red Clover, nortlierlVP^. ,
White Dutch Honeysuckle

Tallow , tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
.American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4ths do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, . . .
3 /"Pulled superfine,
J; -3 I Isl Lambs, . .
•=:!<; 2d " . .

|g.i3d '■ . .

2 (^ 1st Spinning, . .
."Sonrhern pulled wool is generally
5 cts. less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

ERO

2 00
2 75
9 50
7 50
6 00
1

16
8

a

t

"

35

pound

9

bushel

I 25

barrel

5 62

11

6 01

ii

5 62

oushe]

72

"

63

it

6S

tt

70

"

60

tt

W

ton

17 00

•'

13 00

It

14 00

^al]on

4<J

pound

18

'*

16

pound

11

7

"

17

lb.

10

pound

15

lb.

18

pound

26

"

20

cask

90

barrel

17 00

13 00

bushel

'<

75

pound

S

'^

25

cwt

7 00

60

pound

SO

38

tt

35

It

38

It

38

"

60

11

40

It

30

'■

23

"

35

?ROVISJON MARKET.

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern, . .
souliicrn, . .
Pork, wlioPe hogs, .
Poultry, (uncertain)
Butter, (uib) . , ,
lump,

Eggs,

Potatoes, . . .
CiPKR. (new,) . .

pound

%

"

8

tt

6i

tt

14

tt

20

dozen

20

bushel

37

barrel

3 00

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Oct. 27,1834.
Reported for the Daily Advertiser and Patriot.
At market 4250 cattle, say Beeves about 300, Stores 1250,
Swine 1850, sheep 4100. Several hundred were repo.-led last
week.

Prices. Beef Cattle— We. quote lo correspond with last
week ; prime at 4 73 a 5 ; good at 4 a 4 50 ; cows at 3 50 a
4 50.

Barrelling Cattle.— Mess 3 75 a 4 ; No 1, 3 23 a 3 50 No. J

S3.

Sorps— "I'earlings 6 a 8 i two years old S8 a 14 ; three

years old ^17 a 24.

Sheep.— T)u]], a large number unsold; ordinary at 1 25 a
1 50; middling at 1 62. 1 72, 1 Stand 1 92; belter qualities in-
cluding welhers at 2, 2 17, 2 25 and 2 50 some others very fine
were sold price unknown.

Swine — Several lols of 100 were sold at 4 for sows, 5 for
barrows ; and several at 4 3-8 and 5 3-8c ; selected lots of bar-
rows at 5c; lot old. 3 1-2 for sows, 4 1-2 for barrows and 3 1-2
for sows and 4 for barrows ; at retail 41-2 for sows 3 1-2 f
barrows; those weighing under 50, 5 and 6c.

128

N E V/ E N G LAND FA R M E R .

OCTOBER 89, 1834.

%

MISCELLANY.

jFrom tlie Knickerbocker for October.
OCTOBER.

BY WILLIS GAYLORl) CLAKK.

Solemn, yel beautiful In view,

Monlh of my hearl! lliou rlawiiesl liKrc,
With sad and faded leave? lo strew

Tlie Summer's melaiirlioly liier.
The moaning of thy winds I hear,

As the red sunset (hes af.u,
And bars of purple clouds appear,

Obscuring every western star.
Tbou solemn monlh ! I hear thy voice—

« lulls my soul of other days,
When hut to live was lo rejoice-
When earth was lovely to my gaze !
Oh, visions bright— nh, blessed hours,
Where are our living raptures now 1—
J I ask ray spirit's wearied powers—
I ask my pale and fevered brow !

I look to Nature, and behold

My life's dim emblems, rustling round,
In hues of crimson and of gold —

The year's dead honors on Ihe ground :
And sighing with the wnnis, I feel,

While their low pinions murmur by.
How much their sweeping tones reveal,

Of life and human destiny.

When Spring's delightsome monienls shone.

They came in zepfiyrs Irom the West,.—
They bore the wood-lark's melting tone,

They stirred the blue lake's glassy breast:
Through Summer, faintnig in the heat.

They lingered in the forest shade ;
But changed and si Jfcthencd now, they beat

In storm, o'er momSHJ glen and glade.

How like those transpOTis of the breast ,,

When life is fresh and joy is new-
Soft as the halcyon's downy nest,
, Arid transient all. as they are true !
They siir the leaves in that bright wreath.
Which Hope about her forehead twines.
Till Grief's hot sighs around it breathe —
Then Pleasure's lip ils smiles resigns.

Alas for Tiine, and Death, and Cave, —

What gloom about our way they fling,
Like clouds in Autumn's. gusty air,

The liurial-pageant of the Spring.
The dreams that each successive year

Seemed bathed in hues of brighter pride,
At last like withered leaves appear.

And sleep in darkness, side Vy siilc.

the liest ill t-lie world. Our winters are cold, siiiil
long; but our fi>re.sls supiily hm abniKlanre oflucl,
and llie snow renders travelliufi deligiilful, and llic
transjiortalion of heavy arlielcs easy and rlieu|i.
Willi these udvanlafie.-, and hlrssed with the
means of scientitic and reli!;ions kiiowled^'e, noth-
ing need prevent ihe fanners of Vermont friim he-
ing as iiitelligeiit, res|iertalile, virtuous and happy,
as any hody of people on the glohe. One of tlie
excellent features of society in New-Eiigland, and
pre-eminently in Vermont, is tiie general distriliu-
tion of property, and especially of real estate. Al-
most every individual is lord of the soil on which
he. lives, and is able, by a course of persevering
industry, to provide well for himself and his de-
pendents. But ihei-e is a leniieney lo a different
slate of things. Biany of ilie most wealthy portion
of ihe cominmiity are engaging in manufacturing
business, which requires a large nnniber of hired

branches of agricullure, lie may increase the year-
ly income of his farm more than ten limes the
cost of that inleresiing periodical.

heware of the " western fever," and above all,
stU wit your farms lo your rich ndghbors for skeep
pastures.

GrF.E.N nioUNTAINEKR.

From the Vermont Statf Journal.
TO TIIE FARMERS OP VERMONT—Grcetiiis ;

Ajl'st appreciation of the advantages wliicli
fall to our lot, is the dictate of wisdom. It is es-
pecially connecled with contentment and gratitude.
Every portion of the habitable eartli possesses ad-
vantages ami disadvantages, in some degree pecu-
liar to itself. The principal things which aft'ecl
the comfort of life, so far as natural advantages
are concerned, are climate, soil, water and facili-
ties of commerce. It is believed tluit, in regard
to all these, Vermont possesses advantages sulli-
cient to rentier it a highly desirable place of abode.
Its soil is not indeed llic most fertile, but sufli-
cienlly so to reward the laborer with an abundant
supply of the supports of life. Its facilities o(
commerce are less than those of almost any other
State in the Union ; yet every article which can
be spared finds a cheap conveyance to market,
while its clitriatc is highly salubrious, and its water

laborers. Olliers are increasing their real estate
by buying the small farms of their neighbors. By
these [iroccsses, ihe number of land owners is di-
liiinishing, and the nunilier of depentiaiit telianls
and hired laborers is increasing. It is easy to see
that, in this way, will be produced a wealthy aris-
tocracy, and a poor, dependant [icasantry. The
teiidency-tof 'this is increased by the " spirit of emi-
gration." Let the farmers of Vermont beware.
Who that possesses a benevolent spirit is willing
ihat the chai'ining state of society which has ex-
isted here for fifty years, where every man is a
free, indepemlent landlord, thinks himself, while
pursuing a virtuous course, as good as his neigh-
bor, ami asks none but his Maker leave to live and
thrive, should be exchanged for a commnniiy
compuscd of purse-proud lundlords and ^^'ile

Sons of the Green Blountains ! Ml^mt.^ll^otlr
independence. We can s|)are a portion of our
young men, every year, to setlle the wilds of the
West, and aid in establi^jiiig, in those fertile re-
gions, the instilutions antn^iils of New England ;
hut we cannot, without deadl^' injury to ourselves,
spare our enterprising and indusirious farmers, lo
sell their snug farms to their wealthier neigbbors for
sheep pastures, and go off lo Michigan or Illinois.
The good of society and of jiosteriiy requires that
we kee|) the land divided as at present into small
farms. It were better that the largest should be
divided between three or four sons, than that the
smallest should be jnirchascd up by rich specula-
tors, to be culfivatcil by tenants or hired laborers.
Ily the inlliix of foreigners, and the overflowing
tide of eniigralion, the good lands tif the West will
in a few years be settled, or in the hands of specu-
lators, to be sold at a price above the reach of in-
dusirious young men wdio are without capital. II
ihe lands of New England get into ihe hands of
the vvealthy few, when the West shall cease iq in-
vilo emigration, what will then be the condition
ami jirospects of the swarms that will be annually
furnished by the New England hive ? I say, then,
lo my brethren of the Green Mountains, Hold on
to your farms ! Instead of selling them because
they are small, or less fertile than others, endeavor
to aci]uire greater skill in the management of
them ; and render them, as you may do, doubly
productive, by a higher state of cultivation. Few
of you, probably are fully aware how small a jior-
tion of land, skilfully cultivated, will su()port a
I'aiiiily. Sludy the New England Farmer. Every
farmer in New I^ngland can afford to lake that
paper. By the aid of its light on the various

FASHIONABLE SHELL COMBS,

Sign of the Ooldui Comb, 242 \iusliington strut, Boston,.

Thk fashion of Combs having uiideigonc considerable niod-

ificat during ihe last eighlei n nic.nllis, and ihe eonitis now

worn beiii" much smaller Uian those lonnerly, induces the sub-
scriber to suggest to Ihe ladies that lliey can have their con.bs
reduced 10 conlorni lo the preseiil style, t'omlis lliiil aie now
lost 10 the owner, in consequence ol their ni'CllNKSS can oe
altered into one or more combs with wroughi or plain lops al
the option of the owner, al a inoderale 1 haige.

They have on hand and are coifrianily mannfaciunng the
most lashionable combs. Ladies in want uf combs, wdl pieaie
call belore purchasing. , . . , ai

Jewelry and fancy Goods al reduced prices lor rash. Also,
Warranted SiKcr Spectacles to suii any age lor ili.OU.
JOHN JONES,
CLEIIMONI' L. HINE.

oct 1

LIJJKJEAN GARDEN ARD KUKSEKIKS.

Flmhin^. war Ne-w York.—WM. I'KINCE ..V SONS have
just pulilusTied iheir Atio t'atulu^ue liiUi greatly rriluced p-ices.
Applicalion lliercfor, and all oiders, must be sent Ulrtct lo
them pa- mad. 1'lie Emit 'I'rees aie of the liirgesl size lor
iransplaniiiig. andsuiiabeloi Orehards to come promptly in-
to bearing. Ol ihe superior new Eleniish I'ears, and other
new variui es, the tiees are 3 to 4 years lunu the gralt, and i.i
the nios:U;^ig>'ious stale, as are aUo liie G. rnuin vaneiies ol
Apples^errics, Vliims and I'eaches, which are so well cal-
culatedWd northern climate ; Ornamenial 'I'lees and t lower- •
in» Sh ub.s can be lurnished ol the largest size, worth treble
the pri^Klf small ones, as several yeais are thus i^ained ill ■
embcll'^Piiils. In lacl those who wish very superior Trees
can belKired of leceiviiig such as cannot lail loj;i>elliem
satislaclion ; die immense »lock on hgud, aliurdmg llie means
of makiii" superior sijKtioiis. The colleciioiis.il hardy !• low-
ering- I'laiii- Green IWuse Plants, and liulbous Flower Koots.
hare been enriched with all the new vatieiies, which are oller-
ed al very low prices, 'i'hc assoilinenls ol Roses and Doubf
Dahlias "comprise all die splendid new vatieiies, and ea. 1
colleeiion occupies an acre of ground.— A -leiU diseouin
is made on both these classes of Ihiwers, ami feiilendid
Dahlias are supplied al g3, S'^i "'"^ S^ l>er dozen each
reoi a distinct named variciy ; Lliinese iVlulbe^ or JWorus
,Muhicaulis, ai SH V^< ^"^''"' ^-^ I"''' ^^'' I*''''""., <^"-
tawl.a Winiie, or Itnck, and Ah^xandcr Grapes, al yo per
dozen 'or S20 per 100; Superi<ir Lancashire Gooseberries, as-
.sorud at >;3 per dozen, or i;i;0 per lUO; Fine Ked Kaspber-
ries. S6 per 100. Where so desired, selections will be ma.,
ol the most harily kinds ol Fruit and Ornamenial Trees ai.
I'hints hulled lo a northern elimale, and the situation ol oi :
Nui scries, which are in a lolly aii.l open exposuie, renders iK.
trees pailicularl. hardy. 'I'll.- assoitineiil ol Garden, Fiel. I,
ami Flower Seeds is uin ivall. d in eMent, and hn nis a coniiilele
eoncenlraiion ol the choicest varieties known in Europe, an.l
tills country, an.l having been rai^e.l under our own inspection,
or .'Town cvpressly for us by our corrcsiiondeiils, we e-xpressly
guarantee their excellence and accuracy, and we ask no pay-
ment where Ihey do nol prove exactly as repiesenled. '1 he i
Calahmue eoiiiniiis many new and very superior varieties ol
ve-etable and Flower S. eds. and among ihe Fhid Seeds are
Superior ITovence Lnz. me. W hiu- Dutch flov.'r, Paccj s
ini'.iinlal live Grass, New liahan do Early Angus and Hopc-
lown Oats, "English Potato Oats weighhig W h.s. per bushel.
Orchard (Jrass, Tall Oats Grass, Trifoliuin incainalnni, or
I'.arlv Crimson Clover, Luruet, &c. Also, lOU bushels Tay-
h.,r's"Foi-ly fold, or Crimson Nonsuch Polalo, which is now
takin.' precedence of all others in England, an.l oO bushels 1 o-
lalo6ilions. Venders ol Seeds will be supplleil at very low
ral.-s and a credit to suit their convenience. W here a large
number of Trees. &c. aie wanted, a discount will be made and
-I credit allowed if desired, and to Nurseries the terms will in
every respect be ma.le favorable. Every invoice emanaiiiig
from us has our printed heading and signature, and none oihei s
are guarantee. I.

oct lo

THE NEW EXGL.VKO FARMER

Is publlsheil every Wednesday Ev.iiing, al ^'3 per annum,
navable at the end ol the year— but those who pnyvviilan
si.\l\ days from the lime ol subscribing,are entitled lo a deduc-
lionof fifty cents. .

llTNopap.-r will be senile a distance without paymciU i
being made in advance.

Printed for Gko. C. BAurKTr by Foiin iV DAivii:r i.l,.
whoexecute every description of Uoul. oiitl Finny I'rml'

in „ in ffood style, and with promptness. Orders to- -

inTrnia'y be left with Gf.o. C. liAUKKTT, at the A
lural Warehouse, Ko. 52, Xorth-MarUot SUeet.

Orders for pi-int-
gricul-

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Wa

RKHousK.)— T. G. FESSEKDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, 1834.

NO. 17.

From the Haltimo*re Farmer i^' Gardaier.
RIBBON GRASS.
I HAVE seen, in two of your hack niimlieis,
mention made of tlie Phalaris Americnna, or Rib-
bon Grass of our gardens. I am glad to see lliat
grass l)rongln into notice — I have long thought it
wotild heconie an article of considerahle interest
to tlie farmer and gardener, if it was cuhivated as
a common grass. My atteniion was first directed
to it hy an accident, which hy-the-l)y, is the way
in which most discoveries in agriculture are effect-
ed— and as it has no claims to the merit of " bodk
farming," it may possihly attract some attentiin
from your casual readers.

The circumstance was this: I was at one of my
neighhors, who kept a very handsojiie garden that
was well set off with flowers. Among many othei-
things, there was a fine bed of Riblion grass, in
one corner of the garden, nearly as high as the
paling which surrounded it.

It so happened that I hitched my horse to the
corner of the fence directly in contact with the
Phalaris. I had not been long seated before there
was a great hue and cry raised, and I was inform-
ed my horse had broken his bridle and had torn
down the garden fence. It appeared he had most
lavishly helped himself to the ribl)on grass, flly
particular friend, the lady of the house, looked
rather crpss-eyed at the horse, on perceiving the
destruction he had made in her ))arterre ; the gen-
tleman seemed much more impressed with the im-
portance of the discovery,' that tlie grass was so
well relished by the animal, — a circumstance lie
had never suspected, — than he was by the defac-
ing of a very pretty spot. I was likewise gratified
with an agricultural discovery, and the horse seem-
ed really to be. more gratified than either of us:
so the lady seeing three to one against her, we
came off witliout much of a lecture for that time.
This grass had but few seed-stalks, which were
about four feet high, and the leaves, if str.dghten-
ed out, would have been nearly or quite as high.
I have no doubt, but an acre sowed as that bed
was, would yield six tons of good h.iy, and if we
k;an judge from this instance it will be much rel-
ished by animals of all kinds.

1 am disposed to thiidi this grass is not very
^larticular in regard to soil ; it seems by what has
been said, in your former ))aper, that a wet soil
suits it very well ; but in the instance of which i
fiave spoken, it was growing in a light sandy soil ;
tuid from all I have seen of it, as far as my recol-
lection serves me, it has flourished best in that
Ikind of soil. It is in this respect ipiite a rival of
he Gaiiia grass. I can hardly imagine a more
Ibeantifid appearance than a field would present, if
|well set with this grass. A cow coidd not avoid
iving good butter, if kept on such beautiful pas-
ure.

A LOVER OF Good Butter.

Chemistry. When butter is to be made, if a
jlittle old butter be put into the cream, the butter
jwill coine from much less churning. When soap
lis to be made, if a little old soap be put into the
'ley and grease, the soap will be made with con-
siderable less boiling. — Farmer and Gardener.

WORCESTER CATTLE SHOW.

(Continued from page 1215.)

REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE ON MISCELi-

LANEOVS MANUPACTURESi, <tc.

The Committee on Miscellaneous Jlaiiufaclnres,
&c. respectfully report —

That although that portion of the Exhibition to
which it has been their particular duty to direct
their attention, was not quite so varied and exten-
sive as in some former years, it was yet not with-
out interest, and gave satisfactory evidence of well
applied labor and improved ingenuity in difl'erent
branches of industry which have contributed to the
attractions of the occasion. But this Coniinittee
think it proper for them to suggest, that the dis-
play of miscellaneous manufactures has not always
couferreil due credit upon a County so large and
so rich in diligent skill and excellence in the do-
mestic arts. Mechanical establishments of kinds
and grades which are still novelties in the country,
are fast appearing among us ; and old, well tried
arts are making yearly advancements in rapidity
and perfection o/' execution.

Tlie7nalrons and damsels of an agricultural and
manufiicturing community so busy and happy as
ours, are not idle. Female ingenuity, in the pro-
duction of numberless articles of cond'ort and em-
bellishment, is not a small item in the sum of
worldly good fortune, nor the least of the circmu-
stances wliicii might justify an honest local pride,
nor yet the fiiintest of the reconmienilatinns to
which a candidate for the honorary degree of ma-
trimony may be entitled. A wife could not be
dowered belter, and when an agency for the pro-
curement of marriage contracts shall be establish-
ed here, the young ladies who have received pre-
iinums from this Society, should occasion the
largest deiriands by the broker upon those wlio
may have the good fortune to secure such prizes.

The committee, upon inspection of the several
pieces of diaper presented, regretted to find that
none of them were of sufticieut width to lay claim
to premiuiris within the rules prescribed by the
Trustees. A piece oflered by Miss Elizabeth Bol-
ton of Leicester, worked in imitation of the Rus-
sian pattern, was particidarly noticeable for its
beauty, and its firmness of texture ; and for this
the Connuittee recommend a gratuity of $3.

Two other pieces of bleached and one of un-
bleached linen diaper, presented by John Hunter
ot New-Braintree were considered worthy of much
praise, ami for these a gratuity of $2 was awarded.
Two pieces, one by Miss Jane Bolton of Leices-
ter, and another of 40 yards (tow and linen) by
Mrs. Abigail I'rattof , were thoughtwell wor-
thy of a gratuity of $1 each.

A lot of handsome plain linen, fine and very
even, offered by Miss Elizabeth Bolton, was con-
sidered worthy of a gratuity, and would have been
recommended for one had it been entered and re-
presented for what it was, a bdudle of bed linen
actually made up. Three counterpanes were ex-
hibited, one by Miss Elizabeth Whittlesee of
Milbury, evincing superior taste, and considered
deserving of a gratuity of $1. Another by Mrs.
James Draper of Spencer, meritorious for the thor-
oughness of its v\'ork, which was not a little. And
a third by Mrs. Hannah Moore of Worcester, ex-

cellmg in quality of mafnal. Three quilts were
presente.l, one by Miss Mary Converse of Spencer
one by Mrs. Eliza Haitibrey of the same town, and
the third by Mrs. Elizabeth Sargeant of Lancaster,
(aged 70 years) itieritorions for its example of in-
dustry in age.

Fashion, which, in the ab.stract, this Committee
understand to mean nn ideal union of the charac-

teristics of Proteus and the c

ameleon, appeared be-

fore them in a few tangible shapes, which, luckily
they were able to secure and/r long enough for a
careful analysis.

Two bonnets were presented im less commend-
able for workmanship than for modest mediocrity
of dimensions, occiq.ying a far less portion of infi-
nite space than the immeasurable canopies of a by-
gone style for the structure of one of which an
acre of straw would scarcely afford sufficient ma-
terial. None was offered for the premium for the
finest bonnet of fowl-meadow or other indigenous
grass ; but one of straw, (the braid of eleven strato )
by Mrs. Susan Holbrook of Westboro', deserved
the highest encomiums of tiie commitlee, and just-
ly claimed the premium for the best straw bonnet,
$3. Another, unusually fine, was exhibited by
Mrs. Thyrza Nichols of Charlton.
^ A very beautiful silk hat was shown by J. P.
Kettell of Worcester, and a fine competitor, of
beaver, by fllessrs. Leonard & Tyler of the same
town. These hats are recommended as infallible
cures for lack of smart looks, conferring equal dig-
nity upon a well found cranium and an emni'V
noddle. ' ■'

For a handsomely wrought muslin cape by Miss
L. B. Child of West Boylston, who, during a sick-
ness of several years past has been constantly con-
fined to her bed, a gratuity of $1 is recommended
lor Its (iroof of the exercise of patient ingenuity in
the midst of suffering.

For 20 yards of very suf.erior black lace, made
by Mrs. Sarah Sprague of Leicester, a valuable
matron of 71 years, by whom the wool was combed
and spun, and the lace dyed and wrought, the
Committee cheerfully awarded a gratuity of §1.

To Miss Adeline A, and Abigail E. Trask of
Leicester, a gratuity of one dollar is given (to be
equally divided) for two silk bags, elegantly orna-
mented with raised bead work. Several other
neat bags, one of black beads by Miss Emily Sjiurr
of Charlton, aged 12 years, 1 of silk by a young
lady of Worcester, one made of twine and in good
taste by Mrs. Fanny W. Farnsworth of Milbury,
one by Miss Dolly Heywood of Barre, a bag and'
shell "card racks" by Miss Abigail T. Tenney of
New-Braintree, a bag by Miss Eunice Henry of
Worcester, probably made from the down of the
silk-weed pod, and soft as the back of any cat, and
a bead purse made by Elizabeth Howland of West-
Brocikfield, a Miss of 8 years, were all deserving
of notice, the latter on account of the youth of the
maker to whom is given a gratuity of half a dollar.
A fire-board, fire screens and " card-racks" or-
namented, certainly, with exemplary perseverance,
were exhibited by Mrs. Martha E. Chaniberlin of
Milbury, and a variety of paintings by the pupils
under her tuition ; a fruit basket by Miss Lucy
Newton of Worcester, and a fancy basket by Miss
Farnsworth of Milbury.

130

NEW ENGLAND lARMEU,

BfOVEMnER 5, 1834.

Five pair of cotton stockings aecoiii(ianyiny a
large lot of woollen, (this Conitnitlee not being
charged with the latter) and three palm leaf hats,
all of which were the work of the inmates of the
Lunatic Hospital in this town, deserve particular
mention as evidence of ability (under the kind and
skilful superintendence of the gentleman who is at
the head of that valuable Institution) for useful
employment on the ])art of those who are suffering
from the infliction of the greatest of human iufir-
niities. One of the hats was wrought by Miss Re-
becca S. Beaman in five hours.

The Committee would also notice n card of
wood screws by C. Reed & Co. of Worcester, pa-
tented, and unanimously considered an article of
superior excellence, a handsomely made hatchet
and die-plates for cutting screws, with specimens,
manufactured by Messrs. Parker and Dryden of
West-Boylston, (for which a gratuity of $1, is
awarded) similar die-plates, specimens and a well
finished bitstock by Francis Davis of West-Boylston
(recommended also for a gratuity of like amount),
four weaver's reeds thoroughly finished, sent for
exhibition by Edward Orreil of Providence, two
beautifully made broad loom shuttles, sent by
Messrs. Fowler, Pratt *i King, of Wilkinsonville ;
a tooth extractor by Reuben Randall of Leicester
(with which it was proposed to experiment upon
a suffering member of the Comndttee but he de-
clined the test, preferring the visible evidence of
its good workmanship), a machine for crimping
boots of abundant power and apparently well suit-
ed for its purpose, by John M. C. Wales of Milford ;
a curious labor-saviug machine for cutting curd
upon a simple principlB, exhibited by Isaac Hunter
of New Braiutree, which the Comujittee recom-
mend to the attention of Dairy-women ; a rocking-
chair by Francis Wood of Worcester, in which it
is believed one might sleep luxuriously, (but each
member of this Committee protests that he did
not make the trial); u newly invented truss by
Sand. Cutting of Worcester, apparently well made ;
a portable oven by Caleb Newcond) & Co. of Wor-
cester, remarkable for the convenience, and econ-
omy of fuel with which it may be used for all
the purposes of an oven or baker, three cast-steel
hoes by Messrs. Tower & Lathrop of Milbury, a
child's "carriage by G. Valentine of Northborough,
of beauty and ingenuity enough for one which might
carry children of a larger growth, a lot of shoe-
lusts manufactured by a newly invented machuie
by Milton D. Whipple & Co. of Douglas, consist-
ing of 18 sizes, all from the same pattern, and
graduated in mathematical proportions, and a pa-
tented machine for cutting fodder shown by David
P. King (the operation of which was witnessed and
tried by the Committee) simple in construction,
worked with great ease, capable of being graduated
to cut the material in various lengths, sold lor
$30, and recommended by this Committee to the
examination of all who may be interested.

A bushel of " Mercer potatoes" were sent by
that highly respectable and valuable member of the
Society, Dr. Oliver Fiske of Worcester, raised from
seed originally obtained from Pennsylvania, and
slated by him to possess the good ijualitiesof ripen-
iiii' remarkably early and keeping well. The yield
of this year was abundant.

Winter apples very large and fair for the season
were presented by gentlemen whose names are un-
known to this Committee, and several boxes of
honey, by George Fitch of Lancaster.

Several curiosities, chiefly vegetable; were fur-

nished by difi'erent gentlemen (among which was
a watermelon which was eyed with peculiar so-
licitude by the Committee), manunnth squashes,
&c. and, if last not least, the honest disc of a Sun-
flower, rivalling the apparent magnitude of its lu-
minous namesake.

All which is respectfully submitted — per order.
Edwin Conant, Chairman.

REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE OSf SAVINE.

William Limcol?i, of Worcester, Chairman ; Si-
las Brooks, of Worcester; Joh.n A. Smith, of
Leicester; Joshua Harringto.^ of Gratton.
The Committee on Swine, beg leave, in the first
place to congratulate themselves on the dignity of
ihe elevated and im|)ortant station, whose duties
they have been called upon to undertake by the
favor of the Trustees. Although, they have felt
that deep sense of humility which is usually ex-
pressed by public officers, they considered them-
selves bound not to decline the distinguished mark
of the Society's confidence, conferred upon them,
as it was entirely unsolicited.

Secondly : They congratulate the jiigs upon their
easy present condition and fat future prospects.
The pleasure the commiitee have been permitted
to enjoy of spending a brief space in such good so-
ciety, has been alloyed by a consciousness of want
of ability to do justice to the merits of a race so
endeared to our affections. But they venture to
hope that the earnest desire to understand its in-
teresting and amiable character, which has sustain-
ed them under the heavy ies[)onsibility of their
task, may excuse the imperfect manner in which
it has been performed.

Thirdly : They congratulate the Society upon
the nund)er of swine of distinction, from all parts
of the town of Worcester, who in the absence of
welcome guests from abroad, have graced the fes-
tival by their presence. And, finally, they congrat-
ulate the conmiunity that so many of its members,
owners of the tenants of the pens, will have the
means to live as well, as they should virtuously.

Twenty-eight swine, all from Worcester, were
placed in the Society's pens this morning, and im-
mediately entered into the agricultural spirit of the
occasion, by connnencing an imitation plougliing-
match, on the sod of the common. This was
prosecuted with such zeal, that when the com-
I)etitor8 were almost exhausted by their labors,
they even laid down to the work, and dragged
themselves along in the furrow. The ploughs
were of excellent construction, uniting the advan-
tages of the double mould board and side-hill
plough, turning the ground equally well in any
direction, and second only to the skilful manufac-
tures of our neighbor Mr. Noiu'se. The work was
done in thorough manner by single teams, with-
out a driver.

The Committee found, in one of the pens, a
congregation so numerous as to excite fear that the
plan suggested by a former committee of calling a
convention of swine for redress of grievances, had
been adopted, and the delegates assembled. An
animated discussion was going on, which seemed
to be conducted in the common eloquent and able
style of public meetings. Before any resolutions
passed or nominations were made, it was discover-
ed from the Secretary's entries, that the collection
cousisted of an interesting family circle of fourteen
pigs and two breeding sows, exhibited by Maj. Sim-
eon Burt, of Worcester. After diligent examina-

tion, the commitlee awarded to that gentleman the
first premium for l)igs, of $3.

The second premium of 82, was awarded to
Messrs. Hey wood & Rice, for two pigs, six moiulia
and eight days old.

Jlr. Samuel Bannister, of Worcester, exhibited
two very pretty white little creatures, twelve weeks
and tour days old. It could scarce liave been ex-
pected lliiU aidmals of such an age, would have
appeared in public, on such a stage. Like all fe-
males, they were beautiful, and commanded the
adndraii(in of ihe Committee. The pigs were of
the quarter Byfield breed, and their grandniollitr'
ha<l obtained a |)reinium on a former occasion.
After ni;itnre deliberation, the Commitlee consider-
ed their elder competitors as entitled to the spti-itio
bounty offered by the Society, but recommended
that a gratuity of $2 should be bestowed on the
owner, as a testimonial of approbation of his skill
and attention in the improvement of a useful race.
The first |irenduin of §5, for the best breeding
sow, was awarded to Maj. Simeon Burt, of Wor-
cester. The Comu)ittee jiarlicularly and ileejily
regretted that the second premium was not claim-
ed by any competitor. An animal, entered on ihe
Society's books, by Dr. Oliver Fiske, was imdtT-
stood to be confined at home by domestic aiid ma-
ternal cares. Others, doubtless, were preventdi
from venturing abroad by the damji air of a cloud-
ed morning, and a state of the weather unfavorable
to creatures unprovi<led with shawls or india-rub-
ber over-shoes, whose delicacy must render wet
feet or exposure to sudden cold, peculiarly disa-
greeable.

The Commiitee, in whose acts the Chairman
could not, and did not participate, direct him to
report, that the Hon. John W. Lincoln is entitled
to the first prendum of $5, for the best boar, and'
Dr. Oliver Fiske to the second premium of $3, for
the next best. From a brief biographical sketch
of the latter, furnished by Dr. Fi?ke, it appeared
that bis keeping had been of the common descrip-
tion, except that to the usual meal of boiled jiola-
toes, the owner had kindly added a dessert of ap-
ples,— and that he had bcrcdilaiy merit, being off-
spring of an animal of the Bedfonl line, which last
year obtained a premium.

Several swine were placed in the pens for ex-
hibition only, by Stephen Salisbury, Ksq. which
the Committee unanimously considered as the best
of all those they had the honor to examine. They
were of the Leicester, crossed with the cominoii-
breed, — nearly as broad as long, — short nosed, —
fine haired, — contented looking, — of grave coun-
tenances,— quiet and unassuming manners, and
perfectly beantil'ul.

While the March of mind has been going on,.,

until it is said to have almost reached its April,

when societies are founded for all the possible, and
many of the impossible objects of benevolence, for
ameliorating the condition of every thing, tioni
the squash of the North to the slave of the South,
it cannot fail to excite surprise that no distinct as-
sociation has been instituted for the purpose of
rendering pork more amiable and excellent. It
canuot be determined how much good might bt
done by the use of proper means and exertions-
except by experiment. Many of the new and im-
proved school books might be advantageously giv-
en to the pigs ; as the classes for which they were
designed would be relieved, and it is not probable
those to which they were appropriated would be
much injured. Perhaps the most expedient and.

VOL. Xi;i. NO. ir.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

'|>racticalile mode of elevatiii}; miil instrucliiiff the
i-Hce, would bf, to deliver to tlie swine a course
■of po|)ulur lectures on tlie fasliiorialile science of
phrenolojjy, nitliougli some want of patience miglit
'l)e aiJiMeliended, even in such an audience. If
the leading principle of that ingenious system lie
true, that the power of the tnind depends upon the
«juantity of brain, an animal cannot be destitute of
the former, who has a hogshead full of the latter.
Observation of the individuals in the pen.s, fouiuled
on slight knowledge, tended to confirm the opinion
of their susceptibility of high improvement. The
jirincipal orators in the caucus first mentioned, w itii
very sweet toned voices, exhibited such remarkable
developejnent of the organ of tune, that no doubt
could be entertained that they miglit become vocal
leaders in those choral melodies of the pig-pen. re-
sembling so much the p.salmody of village choirs,
nnil little less deliglitful than the music of the spin'
iiing wheel, the ancient piano of husbandry. On
one, where the organ of self-esteem was promi-
nent, a large and fashionable [lair of whiskers were
more prominent still, and were very becoming to
the wearer.

Men may talk and write about living like pias.
To live like a pig, is to live like a gentleman and
a philosopher. His is the highest praise an epi-
taph ever bestowed, to bo useful in life and excel-
lent in death. Although it is not permitted in the
order of nature for a pig to laugh, he enjoys the
other greater blessing of humanity, to be fat. Free
from banks, business, politics, and speculation, he
is as unconcerned as the merchant, who, when
waked early in the morning by being told day was
breaking, replied, as he turned again to his rest,
" let day break, he owes me nothing." In short,'
on impartial comparison, for real ease, luxury, and
good living, if a man were not a man, he mig'ht as
well be a pig.

All of wliich is respectfully submitted.

Wm. Lincoln, Chairman.

tree ; so that by fall there will be as many little
trees as there are buds which are buried ; in the
whole probably thirty or forty. These proceeded
with in the same manner, may be increased in
another season to several hundred. It will prob-
ably be best to cover them in the fall witJi a few
inches of earth. \y W. B.

From the Genesee Farmer.
FACILITY OP INCREASIXG THE NEW CHI-
NESE MULBERRY.

This tree may be rapidly increased by budding
and grafting on the common mulberry, and by
layers ami cuttings. Cuttings of young shoots
even befoTe they have arrived at a ligneous state, it
is said will readily take root, if planted in a mo'ist
place, shaded from the mid-day sun. The last
season the writer obtained of a friend a few buds
;he forepart of July, which he set in the whitj
unlberry ; but one failed. Such is the impatience
)f this tree to vegetate, that in a fortnight the buds
>egan to grow. The stalks were immediately cut
)ff above the buds, which grew, some of them
iiore than two feet in length. They were too
lucculent and tender however, to stand the winter ■
laving no protection they all perished but two; these
vere alive an inch or two above where they were
)udded. They were taken up this spring, and
ilanted in the garden in a horizontal position so as
o cover the buds with earth — one of the inoscula-
atious sent forth three shoots, the other two,
vhich have grown two or three feet in length!
Vbout the 10th of July these shoots were bent
lown horizontally, and covered their whole length
vith about an inch of fine earth; which was
Irawn about the petioles of the leaves so as to
iave thein above the surface. These branches
lave begun to take root, and from each bud a
hcjot IS sjiringing up which will form a separate

From the Ohio Farmer.
PREPARING SEED -WHEAT.

Thkre are various expedients for cleaning seed
grain, (wheat or rye.) For :20 years I have^used
lirme and lime with the utmost satisfaction.— I
lake 2 wash tubs, fill 3-4 full of water, in wliich I
dissolve as much salt as it will take cold, in this
brine I put one bushel of seed grain, stir and skim
It, by which means all the chess, smut, and im-
perfect grains are skimmed ofl". Then / put two
sticks across the empty tub— set on them a corn
basket, in which I pour the grain and brine. The
brine passes into the empty tub, while the grain
remains in the basket— which should then be
emptied upon a dry floor, and the operation re-
peated until a sufticient quantity is washed ; then
let it be raked aliout 2 inches thick, and 2 quarts
o( slacked lime to the bushel sifted over it. In
this state let it remain for 12 hours, frequently
stirring it with a rake to bring the lime in contact
with every grain— after which it should be sown.
As I understand it, the brine and lime destroy
all the smut and eggs of the insects, and the spe-
cific gravity of the water being increased by the
salt will float all the smut, chess and daniaged
grams. If rye or cockle be mixed with the seed, it
may be screened before sown, or these cut out
before harvest in the field. Agricola

Sept. 4th, 1834.

_131

CATTLE SHOW AND FAIrTat CANTOn7

The Farmers' Cattle Show and Fair was held
at Canton on the 15th instant, at the Inn of Capt.
/enas Dyer. The exhibition was interesting- a
large number of animals were exhibited, among
which were many of superior quality. After the
inspection of the animals exhibited, the several
committees of the above named Fair, reported the
different grades; which by age and preference

were as follows, viz :

Cattle of 4 years old and upwards, in three
classes. First class, Daniel Merrell, 1st best pair ;
Amelia Everest, 2d do ; Robert Willcox, Jr. 3d do.
Second class, Jeremiah Willcox, 1st best ; Lncian
Bidwell, 2d do; Daniel Merrell, 3d do. Third
Cla.ss, Caleb Goodwin, 1st best; Luke Case, 2d
do ; John Woodford, 3d do.

Cattle of 3 years old— Lucian Bidwell, 1st best
pair; Robert Willcox, Jr., 9d do. ; Elias Woodford.
3d do.

Cattle of 2 years old— Daniel Merrell, 1st best;
Lucian Bidwell, 2d do; Aslier Gridlev, 3d do.

Cattle of 1 year old— Addison O.Mills, 1st best
pair; Addison O.Mills, 2d do; Danl. Merrell, 3d do.

Calves—Addison O. Mills, 1st best; George
Merrell, 2d do. ®

Horses— Harmon Hamblin, best Gelding ; Jarvis
Case, best pair 3 year old Colts ; Franklin Case,
best 2 year old Colt.

By order of the Society,

Jarvis Case, Secretary.

TREES.

In England where they understand dressing
the earth, no shrubs aud trees are more esteemed
than those which grow in our own woods. They
are not only comparatively but positively beautiful.
Yet we value them less than their merits, because
like the laces of old friends they are familiar. A
foreign tree is prized because it is foreign. The
Lombardy Poplar has overshadowed the land,
though siifl", ugly, graceless and useless. But the'
Sassatras, a tree that has no equal for beauty and
fragrance, is left for the axe, for seldom is it seen
in a garden. The Sumac, a shrub that may be
trimmed into a small tree, has a richness of foliage
and berry perfectly unrivalled, but it is generaUy
left to bloom by the way side. At this season a
shrub or tree may be transplanted in safety and
with advantage. A hoe and a crowbar will do
the deed, even if not in the hands of a Sampson
or a Goliah. An excursion for this purpose to
the woods and the way side will do good to a
man's health as well as his garden. While he
pulls up shrubs by the roots, he will pluck up his
dyspepsia in the same way. The hoe-handle and
the crowbar are magically compounded like the
physician's ball in the Arabian Nights. The phys-
ical properties are imbibed by the perspiring hand
and circulated through the whole system.— Bos'-
ton Courier.

mas£hortjcultural society.

FRUITS EXhFbITED. '

Horticultural Hall, Saturday, JVov. 1st, 1834.
rears. By Mr. Manning— Sucre Vert, or Green
Sugar, an excellent pear of the ancient class; also
Mourfowl Egg, the fruit small, dull green and good;
if we mistake not this fruit is identical with the
Sloan's Egg, of the latest English authors, the
trees of both being alike remarkable for their vig-
orous and upright growth.

By Mr. Downer— Bezi Vaet, Bezi Waat or Bezi
St. Vaest, a large, fine looking fruit, aud the first
of the variety yet seen with us ; it is a winter fruit,
not yet in eating. Bleeckers Meadow, has a fine
musky flavor, and is superior to the Minotpear,.
aud not inferior, as stated by mistake in a former
report. Also, the Forelle ; this fruit which is
stated to be a native of Northern Saxony, and once
celebrated, was to-day exhibited; it has always
disappointed expectation. Lewis (winter), small,
green, and of fine flavor. Chaumontelle.

By Messrs. Hovey — A fruit sent by Mr. Perry,
called the Essex Pear, a native of Essex county'
middle sized, handsome formed, pear shaped, a
winter fruit not yet in eating.

Jpplcs. By Wm.Kenrick— ReinetteBaumann.
Per order of Committee, William Kenrick.

•^ COJf'-eumber. A cucumber grew in the gar-
den of Col. J. Spring of Saco, this season, measur-
ing 22 1-2 inches in length, 15 1-2 in circumfer-
ence ; weight 7 pornds—Kennebunk Gazette.

Washington Pear. Mr. Downer has communi-
cated the following account of the Washington
Pear, which was received by him on his visit to
the South from Mr. .

" The ' Washington' Pear, which ripens in the
latter end of August, was first discovered on the
farm of Gen. Robinson at Namens Creek, in the
State of Delaware, 20 miles from Philadelphia on
the road to Baltimore."

If we mistake not, this fruit may be identical
with that called the ' Robinson' — the history of
both ajipears to be the same.

132

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOVEMBER 3, 1634.

mTddlesexITattle show.

From the (Concoid) Yeoman's Gazelle.
REPORT ON, FARMS, &c.

Gentlemen— Yolii- Coiniiiittee on Faniip, Fruit, ]
and Miill)en-y Trees, have aiteniled to then- duty,
and ask leave to make the foil. .win- Repon :—

The apiilications for preiniiinis on farms are five.
Capt. AI.el Moore of Concord, not entitled to pre-
mium, Mr. Stephen Riee of Marllioro', Moses Whit-
ney, Esq. of Stow, not entitled ; Mr. Asa Parker
of Acton, ami Mr. Simon Tnttle of Acton.

We will give a descri|ition of them m the order
they were examined, and at the close, name the
premiums as they are awarded l.y your Committee.
Capt. Moore's farm contains ahont 60 acres,
nearly all of it low swamp and meadow land ; m
1826, one or two acres only were thought worth
ciiltivatiiiff, and not more than one cow could he
kept on li.e land. From 1830 to 1833, there were
from 30 to 50 tons of English hay cut annually ;
during the winter of 1833 and '34, 3 horse.^ 33
head of cattle were wintered, and sold 35 tons o(
hay. The method of reclaiming this land has
been various; some of it l.y taking off the turf, and
carting in graxel and sand, with a little, nuuiure
and hayseed : some hy covering the soil with gravel,
and sc.me hv ploughing. Covering the sod wiih
gravel is thought to he the hest methoil, hy I\lr.
Moore, taking the expense into consideration. But
all these different nioiles are at variance with Mr.
Wheeler's method, which is, to take the turf oif
with a plough made for that puri.ose ; then dry
and hurn it, and spread the ashes and sow in hay-
seed ; not putting on any gravel or sand. We
have no donht that either of these ways is good,
and will well repay the lahor. Capt. Moore has
not I.een ahle to make estimate of the expense o(
reclaiming the whole, or one acre; hut is fully of
the opinion, that one or two crops will pay the
lahor of preparing the land. Ic now yields from
1 1-2 to 3 tons to the acre ; and at the end ol
three years we are compensated for all our lahor,
and have land that is worlli IVoni 100 to 150 dol-
lars per acre ; this is nett gain of at least 100 dol-
lars on each acre. We helieve tiiat Capt. Moore
has done the iriost of any man in the county, m
reclaiming this kind of soil. His enterprise and
perseverance, is an example for all our farmers.

Mr. Rice's farm is a light thin soil, composed of
sand, loam, and gravel, except the woodland and
pasture ; it is very easy to cultivate, and lies near
the huil.lings; and all greatly improved hy culti-
vating, and changing the soil. In 1804, when Mr.
Rice commenced (.n this land, it slooil in the re-
duced valnaiion of the town, at 30 dollars ; it now

stands at 216, inaUing an increase of al t seven

fold. The stock kept on the farm in 1804, was 1
horse, 2 cows, and 3 sheep, with the assistance ol
the highway. The huildiugs were of little value,
the dwelling house not a safe residence in st(.rnis,

not a rod of wall on the farm — nothing hut rail

and hrush fences. The farm now keeps 1 horse,
18 or 20 head of cattle, and a few sheep. The
owner sells from 50 to 100 bushels of grain annu-
ally, and about 50 barrels of cider; and in the last
15 years, he sold pork to the amount of 1,041
dollars, great (lunntities of turkeys, poultry, and
butter to the amount of $1295, besides hay.
There is now on the farm, a new house and barn,
she<l and other out huildiugs in good repair ; a
good proportion of stone wall and substantial
fence.

The improvements on this farm have been made
hy collecting manure from the low land, anil the
hanks of fields, that have been thrown out by the
plough, from hedge fences that have b«en rotting
fur ages, and the sides of the highway; mixing
these together and passing it through the cow and
hog-yarils. By these means, the larm has receiv-
ed a new appearance, and turned from a barren
waste into a fruitful field. We are permitted to
say, that Mr. Rice came in possession of this farni,
without paying any compensation for it, and htis
received in cash $400. These appear to be all
the resources that Mr. Rice has had ; the rest
came liy his own industry. He is now in posses-
sion of a good farm, a goo.l stock of cattle, buihl-
iiigs and fences in good order, and $1,100 at in-
terest.

We have been thus particular, to show that a
good living, and wealth may be obiaiiied, from a
poor soil, with industry and economy, and the
smiles of Providence.

■ Moses Whitney's farm contains 100 acres of im-
proved laml, and 30 of woodland. The soil is
generally rich, though very rocky ; a small part is
a mixture of loain and gravel ; a part is very hilly
and uneven. In 1806, the produce was 3 tons of
English hay, and a like proportion of grain and
cider. Twelve head of cattle and one horse were
kept on the farm. The buildings and fences were
out of repair, and the pasture generally covered
with rocks and bushes.

The average produce of the farm at this time ie,
English hay, from 30 to 40 tons ; wheat, 20 to 50
hushels ; corn, 200 ; potatoes, 400. There is 1400
rods of stone wall, very large and heavy, chiefly
laid hy Mr. Whitney. 700 apple trees engrafted,
and in a hearing state, and 800 in a nursery partly
engrafted. Mr. Whitney sells 10 to 12 tons of
English hay, and other produce amounting to
about 800 dollars annually. The whole cost of
his hired labor is only about $150 annually, the
rest is done hy his own hands. The improve-
ment on this farm was made by taking out the
rocks, ploughing the land, and by making a large
share of compost manure. About 30 acres o(
rocky brush pasture, have been subdued by plough-
ing and sowing with rye ; about 20 acres of it lays
on the side of a very stony hill, formerly covered
with brush and of hut little income ; hut now is
one of the best pastures in the county. This farm
is now in a high state of cultivation, producing
great crops with hut little labor, with largo and
convenient buildings in gooil repair.

Mr. Asa barker's farm contains 100 acres, cost
in 1824, $1925. The soil of the greatest part ol
this farm is loam and gravel, with a mixture of
sand ; ipost of the improved land is free from
rocks, poor and light, and very easy to cultivate.
Several acres are on a hill, of rich .strong soil, cov-
ered with rocks, and bear large crops when culti-
vated.

In 1824, the produce of this farm was 6 tons of
English hay, and grain, potatoes, apples, &c. in
like proportion. The buildings and fences out of
repair. — Now there are raised on the same land
about 30 tons of English bay, 125 bushels of corn,
100 of oats, 30 of rye, 225 of potatoes— the two
last seasons wintered 15 head of cattle and 9
horses. There are 330 engrafted apple trees in a
thriving state ; 600 rods of wall, the rock mostly
removed in the winter. Mr. Parker has made
about 200 loads of compost manure, yearly. He
has subdued 16 acres of brush pasture by plough-

ing and hoeing, and now half a <lay's work wil
mow all his bushes. And 11 acres of new land
hard and rocky, have been brought into a state of
cultivation, and produced 2 tons of English hay
to the acre the two first years. There is one new
harn, ami all the other buildings are in good re-
pair.

We are permitted to say that IMr. Parker has no
prn|)erty but what he has accumulated by his own
industry ; that he labored as a hired man till he
was thirty years of age, and is now in possession
of the above described farm and stock, and is free
from debt.

Mr. Tultle's farm contains 60 acres ; in 1814,
two men jioled into the harn all the English hay
cut oil the farm, in one hour ; the other proiluce
ahont equal to the hay — buildings and fences out
of repair. At this time the produce of the farm is
from 15 to 20 tons of English hay, 100 bushels
of corn, 100 of rye, 100 of potatoes, about 1200
pounds of hops, 300 engrafted apple trees in a
thriving, and part in a bearing state. A good share
of wall, a new harn, and all other buildings ir.
good repair.

This firm is a strong rocky soil, but productive.
It has been subdued chiefly with the iron bar and
plough, and with good success. A good share of
eomiiost manure has been made annually ; a con-
tinuation of the same lahor a few years will make
it a profitable farm.

Your Committee are happy in saying, that on
many of the farms they have visited, not any ar-
dent spirits has been used, and others very little
indeed. We ardently wish that the next report
on farms may state, that not any spirit has been
used.

Your Committee have awarded the first premi-
um of $25, to Moses Whitney of Stow. — The 2d
do. of $25, to Mr. Asa Parker of Acton. — The 3d
do. of $20, to Mr. Stephen Rice of Marlboro'.
The 4th, do. of $15, to Mr. Simon Tuttle of Ac-
ton.

Mr. William Bnckminister of Framingham, was
the only applicant for the premium on Pear Trtts
He has nearly 40 trees engrafted with various
kinds, and some of a superior quality, and in 8
very thriving state.

We awarded to Wm. Bnckminister, Esq. the IS"
premium of $10.

Mr. Lawson Bnckminister of Framingham, mad«
the only application for a iiremium on Jlyple Or
clumls. He has about 150 trees, which were se
out in 1829, on the northerly side of a large hil
towards the lower part of it, in a rich, loam
soil; they are in a very thriving state. This i
ihe hest orchard we have seen of late, and w*
would recommend to farmers to ibllow Mr. Buck
minister's plan, and set a part of their orchards o
the north side of hills, as they will there be leas
liable to be injured by an early frost in the fall.-
We have awarded to Mr. Lawson Buckmiuistei
the Isi preminm of $15.

We had four applications for premiums, on .Vu,
berry Trees, from Reuben Hoar of Littleton, Job
Stacy of Concord, Lawson Buckminister of Fraiii
i„gbam, and Henry Wright of Stow. Mr. Hot
bas about 11 acres of land set with trees ; 100 (
them are 5 years, and 900 4 years old ; they wei
set in plough land, about 1 1-2 rods apart each wa;
about one bushel of compost manure put to cac
iree. Mr. Hoar thinks that the trees at this di
taiice will be best on account of ploughing aboi
the roots, and raising a crop of corn or potatoes

VOL. XIII. NO, 17.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

1S3

tlie sairie time ; they are in a veiy tlirivitig stute,
owing in part to the cultivation of the ground and
pruning. Mr. Hoar's mode of pruning is not to
let any of the fiinhs grow erect, hut make tlie tree
as broad as possible.

Mr. Stacy's Mulberry trees are in ii tlirifty state,
and chiefly in hedges, about 700, set U fi. apart.
SO trees six years old, tliose in the hedgi-s 3 years.

Mr. HiicUminister has a large nuudier set in
hedges, part of them on a dry soil; lliey are not
III a flourishing stale at present, owing to the ill
health of Mr. Biiekininister they have not liad
iiiueh attention this season. But a little cultiva-
;iou to them will change their appearance and
make them vahiable.

Mr. Wright has a very thrifty growth in a rich soil.

Your Committee have awarded the premiums
— to Mr. Reuben Hoar of Littleton, 1st $25 ;
John Stacy of Concord, 2d $15.

Your Committee are of opinion that Mr. Henry
Wright is entitled to a small premium, and if we
tad one we should bestow it. We refer him to
he favorable consideration of the trustees, that he
;nay be cmisidered as a competitor.

Gentlemen — We fiud that farmers differ in
heir opinion aliont raising corn. Mr. Parker,
VIr. Rice and Mr. Tuttle raise their corn in hills ;
Hr. Whitney prefers ri(ige ploughing fcu' his corn
md potatoes ; Mr. Wheeler of Franungham has
]uite a different mode. If we are not mistaken
le covers thegrass land intended for ploughing with
Manure, then ploughs, harrows, and rolls it with a
leavy roller, then furrow, plant and cover the
■orn, then rolls again. Whilst the corn is grow-
ng he hoes up the weeds, disturbing the soil as
ittle as possible, and raising no hill about the
!Oni. At the usual time he sows in rye or grass
leed, or both, and it is then prepared for the ne.\t
fear's crop. From what your Committee can
father from others and their own observation,
hey are of opinion that much of the time is lost
n putting manure in the hill. In a dry season it
vould be much better to have it spread ; and in a
vet season the roots of the corn will find it before
he kernel comes to its growth, and it will be
nore needed then than at the first of the year. —
iVe therefore recommend to farmers to sju'ead
heir manure, in order that the corn may be best
ible to supply its wants, in either 'of the cliances
)f a wet or dry year.

Whilst we are admiring the honorable enter-
irise aud successful industry of this fortunate por-
ion of our citizens, we would not lessen our es-
eem for another class, who may have been equal-
y industrious and laborious, and equally just in
ill their dealings ; yet by some or many of the
mavoidable accidents of life, have not been suc-
;essful in accumulating property. These are no
es.s entitled to our respect, and more to our be-
levolence. If there is a third class who have
leglected to improve their talents, and wasted their
ime in idleness, or in that which is worse ; to
hem we would say in the spirit of kindness and
andor, that it is never too late to repent, and
Krnestly recommend them to stop and consider
heir ways.

It was no small gratification to your Committee
0 see the progress that is making by the farmers
;eiierally through the county, and more particu-
arly by those upon whom it was our duty to call ;
vhen following the farmer from one section of his
arm to another, viewing his mowing, pasturage,
dough-lands and orcharding, his walls, his barn

and out buililings, and fine order and neatness per-
vading the whole ; and then to come within the
doors of his dwelling and observe the like order
and neatness ; an active, cheerful and smiling
wife, and a table spread with every thing necessa-
sary for the cond'ort of man. Tlien we have evi-
dence, yes my friends, we have the best evidence
that the labor has been performed with a thank-
ful heart, and a willing mind, although by the
sweat of the brow. If there be any situation in
Ide which can be called independent, or that np-
ppoaches it, it is the farmer. He is lord of the
soil, he selects his meat from his own stall, his
bread from his granery, his vegetables from his
garden ; he is warmed by the fleeces of his flock,
and is cooled by the gentle zephyrs that breathe
through his own forest.

Your Committee have the vanity to believe that
a hint given by your Committee on farms last
year, concerning the order of the door yards and
highways, had a favorable effect, and we are fully
of the opinion that they have been much improv-
ed, and we believe that the time is not far distant'
when we nuty approach our neighbors' doors with
safety, although the stars be darkened, and the
moon shoidd withhold her light.

We close this report with our best wishes for
the county of Middlesex, and particularly for the
fariners from whose resources we are all fed, and
to whom we look with confidence for the pros-
perity aud future greatness of this county.

Benjamin Dix, Chairman.

From the Genesee Fcirmer.
CANADA THISTI.E AMD MORUS MULTICAULIS.

Mr. Tucker, — 1 noticed in the third and fourih
nundjers of the current volume of your usefid pa-
[)er, a communication detailing the result of an ex-
periment which the author had made with success
on the Canada Thistle, by cutting the plant as socui
as it api)eared above ground, and thus keepino- it
below the surface and out of the influence of the
light. I have had a dozen year's war with this
troublesome plant, although it was rather skirmish-
ing until the present year ; for I mowed one patch
for five years, without [troducing any efl^'ect ; but
on the sixth year, when I visited the spot in order
to ascertain the proper time for cutting in the blos-
som, behold! there were no thistles there; and I
was at a loss in ascertaining the precise spot where
they grew. Though I had completely destroyed
this patch, root and branch, I have lost the benefit
to be derived from the experiment, from my ne-
glect to note down the day of the month, or the
state of the thistles, at the time they were mowed.

Another small patch has since made its appear-
ance in another field, which I had mowed every
year until the fall of 1832, when I ploughed the field
for planting. In the spring follow ing, it was plough-
ed, dragged, manured, aud planted, and in the full
the thistles had spread over thirty rods of ground.
I was much alarmed for the field, as I intended
sowing it with oats, the ensuing season, and the
thistles were likely to cover an acre before it coidd
be seeded down, and the oats be spoiled in the bar-
gain. While I was thus pondering on the subject,
to know what to do with my thistles, the commu-
nication in the Farmer came to band, all ready for
use. I knew the theory was correct. I had de-
stroyed burdocks, briars, and elders, in the same
way, but had never thought of applying the same
to the Canada thistle.
. Having read the account with great interest, I

set up my ebenezer, and resolved to renew the
contest in the spring, with a determination for
conquest. As soon as the spring opened, say last
April, I ascertained the extent of the foe by the
old stalks, and staked the ground, ploughed the
remainder of the field separately for oats, then
ploughed the thistle ground so as not to have the
roots carried into the oat ground. But instead of
planting tlie whole with corn, as directed in the
Farmer, I procured twenty of the Morus muUicaul-
is, or Chinese Midberry, and set them over part of
the ground, and planted some few rows of corn
on the remainder. The thistles soon raised their
heads by thousands, as the ground was now in a
high state of cultivation and the roots cut to pieces
and mixed over the whole patch. They seemed
to bid defiance to all opposition. I however arm-
ed myself for the contest — placed a hoe in the field,
as directed in the Farmer, and grubbed the whole
patch as soon as they had fairly made their appear-
ance. In three days they were about as thick as
ever ; but I continued to behead them about twice a
week, though I found them evidently gaining on roe.
In order to ascertain the cause of their increase, I
carefully removed the earth around the roots, and
found that where they had been cut, there were
two or three sprouts instead of one. However, I
thought that if one man had succeeded, I could do
the same, and I followed up the contest. Until the
20th of July I could see no diminution, but at that
time, I found they began to fail. I now followed
up their retreat, and soon found thein disappearing
in all directions ; and instead of the black thrifty
plant, they now looked more pale and feeble, and
by the 20th of August, I could not find twenty
plants, twice a week ; and I now consider myself
master of the fieUI.

In the mean time I have propagated the Morus
mulhcnulis, from the twenty to more than one hun-
dred trees, whose foliage exceeds any thing of the
kind which I have ever witnessed, some of the
leaves measuring eleven inches by ten, and the
trees being completely loaded. I have also gather-
ed from the patch, four bushels of good corn, and
twenty bushels of potatoes, which were planted
late among the Mulberry trees.

And now, sir, you may judge whether all this
crop of corn, potatoes, and the Mulberry trees, did
not look better than even a good crop of Canada
thistles. N. B.

CATTliE SHOW.

The Agricultural Cattle Show and Fair, for the
old county of Hampshire, was held on Thursday
at West Sjuingfield. The exhibition of working
and other Cattle was very excellent ; that of do-
mestic manufactures, comparatively tneagre. Some
very line horses, both working and for the saddle,
were exhibited. We learn that a sound and prac-
tical address, upon the culture of Wheat, was de-
livered by Sand. Lathrop. — Springjldd Republican.

CURIOUS INVENTION.

The New York Journal says ; " An ingeni-
ous artist has invented a machine for engraving,
which will execute a fac simile of any copy which
is given it. Its copies of medals are in the high-
est degree of perfection. The work is at least as
well done as it could possibly be done by hand,
and at less than a tenth of the expense. Give the
machine a bank note plate, and it will copy it ou
steel with more accuracy than the most ingenious
engraver. The contrivance promi.-es to be of great
utility. It has been some months in operation.

134

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOVEMBER 5, 1S34.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOV. 5, 1834.

ON THE CUI.TURB OP HOPS.

In compliance with repeated requests, we propose to
devote a column or two to remarks on tlie culture of
hops, preparing them for market, &.c.

An e.xcellent article on this subject, written by Wm.
Blanchard, Jr. Esq. was first published in the New Eng-
land Farmer, vol. 11, p. 52; and has been since repub-
lished in Fessenden's Complete Farmer, p. 149. Mr.
Blanchard observes, that the soil best calculated for the
production of Hops is a sandy loam, rather low and moist ;
but states that he has seen very fine crops raised on very
different soils. Plough tlie land 9 or 10 inches deep in
October— harrow thoroughly in the spring in the same
direction tlie land was plouglied — manure at the rate of
about 16 cords to the acre, or more if the land be much
reduced. Cross plough the land to nearly the same
depth — furrow as for planting corn, the furrows at least
four feet apart — plant corn or potatoes, (potatoes prefer-
able,) the first year with the hops. Plant every otiier
hill in every other row with hops, thus placing the hills
of hops at least eiglit feet apart — put four cuttings from
tlie running roots about eight inches in length, into each
Jiill, and cover them the common depth of potatoes — keep
the hops clear from weeds, by hoeing. In October cover
each hill with a shovelfull of compost manure, that from
the hog-stye preferred — in each following spring, before
the hops are opened as it is termed, spread evenly over
tlie yard about eiglit cords of manure to the acre, (that
which is coarse and strawy is preferred,) plough the land
both ways at the first hoeing — but tliree hoeings in a
season, unless necessary to subdue weeds. The last
time of hoeing about the beginning of August, or when
hops are in full blossom.

'* After the first crop it is necessary to open the hops
everv spring by tlie middle of May ; which is performed
by making four furrows between tlie rows, turning tlie
furrows from the hills, and running the plough as near
the same as possible without injuring tlie main roots.
Then the earth is removed from the roots with a hoe —
all the running roots cut in with a sharp knife, within
two inches of the main roots — the tops of the main roots
must also be cut in, and then the hills covered with
earth about two inches deep."

The poles should be set as soon as the hop vines ap-
pear, which will save labor in tying up the vines. Mr'
B. allows but two vines to a pole, and two poles to a hill
— poles not to exceed sixteen feet in height. The most
thrifty vines must be selected and trained to the poles by
fastening them by a piece of yarn slightly twisted to-
gether by the thumb and finger. Frequent attention is
necessary to tie up the vines, as they are subject to be
blown off by high winds. The hops are ripe about the
beginning of September, and should be imnietliately gath-
ered, or tlie crop is lost. The quality of the hops de-
pends much on their being picked clean Iroiii leaves and
stems. The picking may be done by women and chil-
dren, having one man to a bin to handle the poles and
to inspect the pickers. The bin is a wooden box, about
nine feet long, three feet wide, and two and a half fcet
high, made of thin pine boards, that it may be easily
moved over the yard, across which the poles are laid^
and into which the hops are picked by hand. Care
should be taken when gathering the hops, to cut the
vines two feet from the ground, that the roots may not
be injured by bleeding.

The most important part in the management of hops
is the curing and drying of tliein. Hops always grow
first sort ; second sort, and refuse hops are made so by
unfortunate or unskilful maiiagciuent.

Much depends ona well constructed kiln. The side I only which are necessary to keep out rain. If a ventila-
of a hill is its best situation for the convenience of put- tor was put in the roof of the building, directly over the
ting the hops on the kiln. It should be in a dry place, centre of the kiln, about six feet square, it would be very
The kiln should be dug out the same bigness at the hot- j advantageous.

1 have seen many lots of hops much in-

tern as the top ; the side walls laid up perpendicularly,
and filled up solid with stone to give it a tunnel form.
Twelve feet square at the top, two feet square at the bot-
tom, and at least eight feet deep is deemed a convenient
size. On the top of the walls sills are laid having joists
let into them in like manner as for laying a floor — on
these joists, laths about 1 1-2 inches wide are nailed,
leaving open spaces between them 3-4 of an inch, over
which a thin linen cloth is spread, and nailed at the
edges to the sills. A board about twelve inches wide is
set up on each side of the kiln, on the inner edge of the
sill, to form a bin to rpceive the hops. The larger the
stones made use of in the construction of the kiln the
better ; as it will give a more steady and dense heat.
The inside of the kiln should be well plastered with mor-
tar to make it completely air tight. Charcoal (that made
from yellow birch oc maple I should prefer,) is the only
fuel proper to be used in drying hops. The kiln should
be well heated before any hops are put on, and carefully
attended to keep up a steady and regular heat.

Fifty pounds of hops when dried, is the largest quan-
tity that should be dried at one time, on a kiln of this
size ; and unless absolutely necessary to put on that
quantity, a less would dry better. The green hops
should be spread as evenly and as light as possible over
the kiln. The fire at first should be moderate, but it
may be increased as the hops dry and the steam is evap-
orated.

Hops should not remain long in the bin or bag after
they are picked, as they will soon heat and become in-
sipid. The hops should not be stirred on the kiln until
they are completely dried. They should then be remov-
ed from the kiln into a dry room and laid in a heap, and
there remain unmoved and unstirred, until bagged, which
is done with a screw, having a box made of plank, the
size the bag is wished, into which the cloth is laid, and
the hops screwed into the box, which is so constructed
that the sides may be removed, and the bag sewed to-
gether while in the press.

The hops after laying a few days will gather a partial
moisture called a sweat. The sweat will probably begin
to subside in about eight days, at «hich time and before
the sweat is off, they ought to be bagged in clear dry
weather. As the exact time when the hops will begin
to sweat, and when the sweat will begin to subside or
dry off (the proper time to bag them,) will vary with the
state of the atmosphere, it will be necessary to examine
the hops from day to day, which is easily done by taking
some of them from the centre of the heap with your
hand. If on examination you find the hops to be very
damp and their color altering, which will be the case if
they were not completely dried on the kiln, and not oth-
erwise, you must overhale them in the air.

The most convenient size for a bag of hops to handle
and transport is about five feet in length, and to contain
about 2.')0 pounds. The best bagging is coarse strong
tow cloth of our domestic manufacturing ; next to that
Russia hemp bagging. The East India sugar and gun.
ny bags, so called, ought never to be used. The sugiir
bags are of an unreasonable weight, and both they and
the gunny bags are of no value to the brewer, whereas
the other bags are worth prime cost.

It is now common for those who have entered consid-
erably into the cultivation of hops, to build houses over
their kilns, which in wet weather, are very convenient ;'
otherwise a kiln in the open air would be preferable. It
is necessary to have these buildings well ventilated with
doors and windows ; and to have them kept open niglit
and day, except in wet weather, and then shut those

jured both in color and flavor, by being dried in close
buildings.

Where the houses over the kilns are built large, for
the purpose of storing the hops as they are dried, which
is a great saving of labor, a close partition should be
made between the kilns and the room in which the hops
are stored, to prevent the damp steam from the kilns
coming to them, as it will color them, and injure their
flavor and quality very much.

Many of our farmers will object to the mode here re-
commended of manuring hops, their common practice
being to put the manure in the hills, when they plant
the hops, and afterwards to apply the manure on the
hills at the first and second hoeings. Mr. B. tliinks that
the manure in the hills has a tendency to produce worms,
and its fermentation at their roots to cause their decay ;
and that a hop yard manured in the manner he directs
will-continue in a-fertile state for many years. He also
supposes that the quantity of manure recommended will
be objected to by many. Where hops have been culti-
vated many years, farmers complain that the quantity
raised per acre does not exceed one half as much as was
raised by their ancestors on the same land. Hops I be-
lieve, in common with all sorts of grain and vegetables
flourish best and produce the finest crops, when cultiva-
ted on new lands, which require little or no manure—
and such were the lands their ancestors cultivated. Tlie
same complaints I presume would be made mgainst all
sorts of grain and vegetables if raised with little or no
manure, on lands which have long been cultivated. No
crop can be more improved and increased by high culti-
vation than hops.

ACKAOWLEDGMEBITS, <tc.

We acknowledge the receipt of One Hundred and
Fifty Dollars from Wm. Rhodes, Esq. in behalf of the
K/wde Island Society for Encouragement of Domestic In,'
diistrij.

We also acknowledge the receipt of Twenty-five Dol-
lars from MIcxander Reed, Esq. of Washington, Pa.

Our readers will perceive we have put in new type
our editorial page, and we are now contemplating fur-
tlicr improvements which will require, in order to con-
summate our plans, additional encouragement to the
work. We are now about using exertions to increase
our subscription list, and will gratefully acknowledge
any encouragement which will warrant an increase of
expenditure, and additional efforts to render our paper i
still more worthy the acceptance of the great and im-
portant class in the community to whose interests it is
particularly, but not exclusively devoted.

A PRE-EMINENT CABBAGE.

Of all vegetables of the Brassica genus we have no re-
collection of having seen any equal to a Mammoth Cab-
bnge, raised by Mr. Oi.ivek WiLns of Dorchester, Mass.
It weiffhs THIRTY one pou.nus, and looks as if it might
tempt an Anchorite to become an Epicure. It is left in
deposit in (he Office of the New England Farmer, and
may be seen, gratis, by any respectable connoisseur in
cabbages.

ITEMS OP INTELIilGENCE.

A correspondent informs us that he partook, on Friday
last, with seven other gentlemen, of a pear, called the
" Duchesse d'Angoulenie," of the most delicate and
delicious flavor. It measured a foot round, is melting
iuicy, and sweet, with a fine aroma. The color, a brigli'
straw, with a slight blush on one side ; the skin verj
thin and delicate, and may be eaten with the flesh, with

vol.. XIII. NO. 17.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

«it injury to its taste. Tiiis Jlne fruit was raised by Mr.
i. G. Perkins of Brookline, near Boston. — Mcertiser.

The lnijuisUloH. — The odious Inquisition has been abol-
ihed in Spain. This important event is announced in a
ite London Patriot.

The splendid mansion of President Jackson called the
lerinitage at N;ishville, Tenn. was burnt to the ground
11 the night of the Kith inst. ; part of the furniture
tily, and nearly ail tiie valuable papers were saved.

135

BOOKS ON AGKICULTURE.

FOR SALE at the New England Farmer Office, Nos. 61
and 52 Norili Market Street.— Boston.

For sale, a few pairs of fine llrt-nieii Grese hv

GEORGt: C.BARRETT.

RARE CHAJVCK FOR BKE:£:DKRS OF I4IVE
Stock, aud aUiuirers of flue aniiuals.

TIIE t5ul)scril»fr olJers lor sale a young Cow and Bull Calf,
ill of tlie most a()ptoved breed. I'lie cow is a ver\
?al milker, gentle, ^"c, and presumed to he as good aud a\
iidsome as any oilier iu the Stale. Tlie premium ("o/ heifers
,s awarded to (ler \\i Brighton. In IS32, — licr calf is now three
iiiths old, well wearied, and ol an uiicomnionly tine appvar-
;e, sired hy a famous buH, the property of VVm. Worthiug-
I, Eyq. of Doichesler.

rhe oul y iiiducomenl with the subscriber in oflerino- these
mals lor sale, is to reduce llie number of his stock lo the sup-
e.s of his farm.

\.ny [lersMii wishing 10 purchase the above animals, will
ase to call upon the subscriber, al his residence in Dorches-
, OH ihe Uorchesier Turnpike, near the toll-liouse.
Jiiould they noi he dii.pose<l of at private sale, thev will be
libited and sold at auction on Saiurday ii^xi, the 'Sih Nov.
liberty Siiuare, Boston. NATH'L CLAPP.

FALL GOODS.

:LLVR STONE BREVVEU, No. 4U Washin-ton Street,
ulh end.) has just received a complete as,sorlment of
i a.id Winter Goods, from New York Auctions, consisting
iie following varieties, viz. : —

caNe of supertiiie London Broadcloths, consisting of the fol-
;ng shades of colors, viz. — drakeneck, adelaide, invisible
'u, olive, olive brown, russet brown, blue black, &lq. One
J common do. suitable ior children's w(^ir.

American Farmer, 8 vols
iMiiladelphia Agricultural So-
ciety, 4- vols
Massachusetts do. do. 10 v.
New York Board of Agricul-
ture,— ihird volume,
Young's Letters of Agricola,
Hints to American Husband-
men. Phiia. 1827.
Prince on Horticulture;
Green on Flowers.
Mason's Farrier,
Farmer's Guute,
Cobbeti's Works,

do. Gardener,
Mowbray on Poultry, &c.
New American Gardener,
Sinclair's Code of Agriculture,
Frtimer's Assistant,
Davy's Agricultural Chemistry-
I'hacher's American Orchard-

ist.
Deane's N. E. Farmer,
Forsyth on Fruit Trees,
Nov. 4.

Lorrain's Husbandry,
Coxe on Fruit Trees,

English publications,
Tracey's Derbyshire, 3 vols
Somerville's East Lothian,
Douglass' Uoxbury and Sel-
kirk, 1 vol.
Batcjieler's Bedfordshire,
Vancouver's Devonsliire,
Experimental Farmer, 1 vol.
Ouiicomb's Hereford.>liire,
Beatsou's New System of Cul-
tivation, 2 vols.
Richardson on Fiorn Grass,
Rigby's Holkham and Fra-

miiigham, 2 vols.
Wheeler's Botanist Dictionary
Anderson on Draining,
Curtis on Grapes,
Somerville on Sheep,
Loudon's Encyclopedia of Ag-
riculture,
j Bordley's Husbandry,

PUICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCi:,
Corrected -wltli great care, weekly.

COCKSPUR THORNS.

A few bushels of Seeds or Berries of this celebrated Thorn
from the farm of Jno. Prince, Esq, of Jamaica Plains, for sale
by GEO. C. BARRETT. New England Seed Store. Price
^5.00 per bushel. oc 29

ise Cassiinercs,
o. Saltineis,
o. Peicr-ihams,
,le printed Hocking,

0. plain do.

les cotton Carpeting, of su-
perior quality,
le sup. Frencli Flannels.
11. do. Welch do, warrant-
ed lint til shrink in washing,
le 4-4 English do.
). G 4 ilo. do.
) common do. American.
t. Angola do. a superior
anirle, and warranted aoi
to shrink in washing.
les of wh'ie Domeis. at 20
cents per y<trd.
>. yellow do. at 20 cLs. per
yard,
». red Salisbury Flannels,

1. yel'ow do. do.

1. superior French cotton
Blankets,

I. London superior do,
I. common do.

superior Marseilles Quilts
I. kniil'ed do. do.
I, G-4 French Merinos,
I. do. English do.
ses .3-4 do. do.
)iece-; Circassians, assort-
ed colors.

;e Scoich Plaid, 1st quality
. do. do. common, al
12 \-l cents per yard.
ieces cherry, pink, crim-
son, &CC.

mett, at VI 1-2 cts per yd.

e Hearlb Rugs.

)Z. woollen Ciimforters,

s. Homan's ('ravais,

n. ladies' and children's

woolb-n Cape-!.

lies brown and while col-

lon Hdkfs.

Suffolk Drillin-s.

Russia Diaper, of a very
superior quality,

4-i. Burlaps,

fie .Athenian Camlet, an
excellent article for ladies'
lahits, Cloaks. &c.

I per

1 case Adienian Cassimeres.
suitable for ladies' Habits,
Cloaks, tfce.

1 do. ladies Habit Cloth, of su-
perior quality,

1 bale goat's hair Camlet,

7 bales Bed Tickings, from the
following manufactories,

viz, Sharon, Meihuen,

Brown. Apsanpink, &c.

3 do. piiwer-looin do. at (jd
yard,

3 cases Copperplate,
"I do Eiiiilish Patch,

15 do. Prints, assoried qualities
50 do. bleached Sheetings and

Shirtings, from U^ to 25 els

per yard.
73 do. brown do. do. from 6j to

\(Ji cents per yard.

4 cases colored Cambric of su-

perior quality
6 do. do. do. comino.T, at 6 1-4

cents per yard,
1 case red Moreen, al 25 cents

per yard,
1 do. Canton Table Malts, at

37 1-2 rents per sel,
1 do. Oil clolh do. <Io.
I do. do. do. do. siMlable for

antral lamps,
30 Astral Lamp Hugs,
1 case colored Damask Table

Cloths,
I do Russia do. do. do.
I do. superior Linens,
1 do. Lon^ Lawns,
1300 dnz. Clark's Spool Cotton,
(bjkspools,) at 6d perdoz.
2100 doz. white cotton Tapes,
No. 35, al 10 els per doz.
125 doz. twilled do.
no ladies Sable Boas,
25 white Fox skin do.
14 doz. Sable and Fojc Opera

Ties,
1 case French fancy Boxes, at
lessihanhalfthecost of im-
portation, which with the
above articles will be sold
for Cash, at less prices
than can be obtained else-
where in the City.
tf

SPIjKIVDID BULBOUS ROOTS.

This day received direct from Holland, a splendid collection

o^ Double aiui single Hyacinths, Pulyanthos, Narcissus,

double and single JoNQuiLLs, Crown Imperial Crokus,

Gladiqlus of sorts, Frittelleras Amaryllis, &c.

GEO. C. BARRETT.

New England Seed Store.

LINN^AN GARDEN ANO NURSERIKS.

Flushing, near New 1 or/Er.— WM. PRINCE & SONS have

jusl published iheir New Catalogue with greatly reduced pHces.
Application therefor, and all orders, must be sent direct to
them per mail. The Fruil Trees are of the largest size for
transplanting, and suitable for Orchards lo come promptly in-
to bearing. Of the superior new Flemish Pears, and other
new varieties, the trees are 3 lo 4 years from the graft, and in
the most vigorous state, as are also the German varieties of
Apples, Cherries, Plums and Peaches, which are so well cal-
culated for a northern climate ; Ornamental Trees aud Flower-
ing Sliiubs can be lurnished of the largest size, worth treble
the price of small ones, as several years are thus gained in
embellishments. In fact ihose who wish Very superior Trees
can be assured of receiving such as cannot fail to give them
satisfaction J the immense stock on hand, affording the means
of making superior selections. The collections ol hardy Flow-
ering Plants, Green House Plants, and Bulbous Flower Roots,
have been enriched with all the new varieties, which are offer-
ed at very low prices. The assortments of Roses and Double
Dahlias comprise all the splendid new varieties, and each
collection occupies an acre of ground. — A great discount
is made on both these classes of flowers, and Splendid
Dahlias are supplied at ^3, ^'^k ^'id S^ P^'" tlozen, each
root a distinct named variety j Chinese Mulberry or Morus
Multicaulis, al ^4.^ per dozen, ^25 per 100 j Isabella, Ca-
tawba, Winne, or Buck, and Alexander Grapes, at JJfS per
dozen or ^20 per 100; Superior Lancashire Gooseberries, as-
sorted at $2> per dozen, or ^20 per 100; Fine Red Raspber-
ries, ^6 per lUO. Where so desired, selections will be made
of ilie most hardy kinds of Fruit and Ornamental Trees and
Plants, suited to a northern climate, and the situation of our
Nurseries, which are in a lofty and open exposure, renders the
trees particularlv hardy. The assorlment of Garden, Field,
and Flower Seeds is unrivalled in extent, and ibrms a complete
concentration of the choicest varieties known in Europe, and
this country, and having been raised under our own inspection,
or grown expressly for us by our correspondents, we expressly
guarantee their excellence and accuracy, aud we ask no pav-
menl where they do not prove exactly as represented. The
Catalogue coninins many new and very superior varieties of
vegetable and Flower Seeds, and among the Field Seeds are
Superior Provence Luzerne, White Dutch Clover, Pacey's
perennial Rye Grass, New Italian do Early Angus and Hopc-
lown Oats, English Potato Oats weighing 44 lbs. per bushel,
Orchard Grass, Tall Oats Grass, Trifolium incarnatum, or
Early Crimson Clover, Burnel. AiC. Also, 100 bushels Tay-
bir's Forty fold, or Crimson Nonsuch Potato, which is now
taking precedenee of all others in England, and 50 bushels Po-
tato Onions. Venders of Seeds will be supplied at very low
rales and a credit to suit their convenience. Where a large
number of Trees, &c. are wanted, a discount will be made and
a credit allowed if desired, and lo Nurseries the terms will in
every respect be made favorable. Every invoice emanating
from us has our printed heading and signature, and none others
are guarnnteed. oct 15

Apples, russets,

Beans, white,

Beef, meas, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) . . . .
Butter, inspected, No. 1, new,

j Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, . , . ,

Feathers, northern, geese,. . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed,

Floi/k, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard str.
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Com, northern yellow, . .
southern yellow, . .

white,

Rye, Northern, ....

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . , .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (new) ....

2d quality . . . .

Lard, Boston, Istsorl, ....

Southern, 1st sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. , . .

'' upper, . . ,

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . .

Lime, best sort

Pork, Mass. inspec., extra clear, .

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, ....
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (none) . .

Red Top, northern, . .

Red Clover, northern, .

WhiteDutch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,

American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4ths do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common

Native washed, ....

J- r Pulled superfine,

S;-' I 1st Lambs, . • .

I=<^d - ...

oiJ3d '■ ...

2; [1st Spinning, . . .
Soorhern pulled wool is generally
.5 cts. less per Ih.

FROM TO

barrel

ZOO 2 75

bushel

2 7i 3 (JO

barrel

9 ac 10 00

((

7 60 8 00

"

6 00 6 S6

pound

r

21

'*

I4| 16

'*

£

9

"

3,

6

"

3fc

43

35

40

pound

9

11

bushel

1 33

1 40

barrel

5 62
G 00

3 75

3 .W

a 62

"

5 62

5 75

oushel

7C

72

"

63

68

tt

6S

69

tt

67

70

'*

60

63

"

40

43

Ion

17 00

18 00

•'

13 00

14 CO

"

14 00

13 00

gallon

40

30

pound

17

18

**

la

16

pound

11

a

7

8

"

17

19

lb.

10

12

poujid

la

17

lb.

18

20

pound

26

27

li

20

21

cask

95

1 00

barrel

17 00
13 GO

18 00

bushel

"

75

87

pound

8

9

"

23

31

cw-t

7 00

7 30

60

70

)OUnd

50

58

"

38

45

'*

35

42

it

38

40

"

38

40

It

5C

55

(t

4C

42

"

30

33

i ■

23

25

it

35

40

PROVISION MARKET.

RETAIL PRICES.

HAMS,norlliern, . .
soulliern, . .
Pork, whole hogs, .
Poultry, {uncertain)
Butter, (tub) . . .
lump,

Eggs,

Potatoes, . . .
Cider, (new,) . .

pound

%

10

8

»

6

64

14

17

20

23

dozen

14

l(i

bushel

37

50

barrel

3 CO

iSKRiUTON MAKKET.— MoNiiAV, Nov. 5, 1834.
Reported for tlie Daily Advertiser and Patriot.
At market about 4500 cattle, say 3600 beef cattle and 900
Stores ;CC0O sheep, and 2100 Swine.

Prices. Beef Cattle — No particular variation from last
week — M'e noticed a (iew yoke uncommonly fine taken on drift
at something more than go. We quote prime 4 73 a 5; good
[at 4 a 4 23 ; cows al 3 50 a 4 23.

Barrelling Cattle. — One large lot, (the two years old oul)
was taken at 3 50, one at 3 67 and one at 3 73, some in each
lol would make mess. We quote Mess 3 73 a 4 ; No 1,3 25 a
3 50 i No. 2, $3.

Stores. — Former prices fully supported, viz — Yearlings 6 a
8; two years old g 9 a 15; three years old gl7 a 23.

Sheep. — Dull, and prices reduced — ordinary at 1 23 a 1 38 ;
middling at 1 42, 1 58, 1 62 ; better qualities ' 1 71, 1 73, 1 84,
2 and 2 23; some lots nearly half Wethers.

Siciw— Sales brisk, lots not selected at 4 for sows and 5 for
barrows ; lots .selected at 4 1-2 a 5 1-2; one lot of barrows at
3; one entire lot of 400 half barrows at 4 1-4; several hundred
w ere retailed at 4 1-4 for sows and 5 1-2 for barrows ; ifyjsa
weighing under 60, 5 a 6c^

136

NfiW ENGLAND FARMER

NOVEMBER 5, 1834.

MISCELLANY.

AGRICUI.TURAI1 HYMN.

GpF.AT God oi Eden! 'Twas Ihy liand

That first clad earth in bloom,
And shed upon a siniling land
Nature's first rich perfume.
Fresh from thy glance the flowers sprang,

Kissed by the sun's first rays-
While plain and hill, and valley rang

With life, and joy, and praise.
God of the Clouds! Thy hand can ope

The fountains of the sky.
And on th' expectant thirsty crop

Pour down the rich supply.
The farmer, when the seed lime's o'er,

Joys in the mercies given !
Thinks on thy promis'd harvest's store,

And, smiling, looks to heaven.
God of the Sheaf! To thee alone

Are due our thanks and praise —
When harvest's grateful labor's done.

On plenty, glad we gaze.
Then shall our hearts on Heaven rest.

Thy grace we will adore,
And thank that God whose mercies blest
Our basket and our store.

From the Maine Fanner.
PRESERVING METALS FROM ROST.

It is strange how slowly improvements and
discoveries oftentimes creep over the country, and
how long a time it takes for an important fact
which partakes of a little science, to become gen-
erally known and applied to practical pnrposes.

Every one knows, or ought to know that there
is such a thing or power in nature as electricity —
that there api)ears to lie either two kinds of this
fltiid, or that some bodies naturally contain an ex-
tra quantity, and some are deficient of it — that ac-
cording to Franklin's theory, bodies with a sur-
plus of it are said to be positively electrified, and
those boilies which lack are saiil to be negatively

electrifiiid ami those boilies wliich are positive

attract the negative, and repel those that are posi-
tive while those that are negative attract the pos-
itive and repel the negative — or in other words
the same kind of electricity repels its own kind
and attracts the opposite. Every one knows, or
ought to know that there is sucli a thing as o.\y-
gen iu the atmosphere, or perhaps better known
by the name of vital air. That it is the union of
this substance called o.xygen which causes soine
bodies to become oxidized, or if that teriu smacks
too much of " book laming" you may say they
become rusted.

It is several years since Sir Humphrey Davy
discovered the fact, that the nietiils were as it re-
gards electricity, positive, and that this vital air
or oxygen was by nature negative, and that ac-
cording to the laws of electricity, the metals had
an attraction for oxygen and become rusted, lie
also discovered the fact, that the metals varied
somewhat in their characters in regard to their
electrical states ; and that when two pieces of met-
al were put in contact, one of them would be-
come positive and the other negative, of course
according to the laws laid down by Franklin as
above mentioned ; the metal which would become
in a positive state of electricity would attract the
oxygen (because it is negative) and be rusted, and
the other metal would repel it and reiriain un-
rusted. A piece of Zinc about the size of a pea
would protect 40 or 50 square inches of copper

iTsidderetFupon it and plunged into sea water—
whereas if the coi)per were plunged in alone, it
would become corroded.

He accordingly concluded that by soldering^
pieces of zinc to the cojiper bottom of ships, the
copper would be preserved as long as the zmc
lasted. The experiment was tried— a ship wtis so
pie|iared, and sent out on a long voyage. On her
return she was exaitlined— the copiier was pre-
served according to expectation, but an unexpect-
ed evil had taken place. The worms and barna-
cles and sea weeds, which, when it is not thus pro-
tected, were prevented from attaching themselves
by the bad taste of the copper as it became cor-
roded and dissolved by the sea water, now finding
nothing but a smooth, clean surface, and no bad
taste, stuck themselves on in immense numbers
and retarded the ship's motion. Thus the matter
rested for a long time. Some ingenious surgical in-
strument makers have recently applied slips of zinc
beneath the bandies, next to the steel, and thus
preventing in a great degree the rusting of these
articles, lint now, gentle reader— brother farmer
— brolher chip, QJ' whoever thou art, that has
gone thus far with us in this brief statement ot
facts, can this principle be put to no other good
uses- couldn't your copper kettle, if you have one
be protected from rust by soldering some zmc here
and there? Zinc is cheap and easily procured,
and may be renewed, when by shielding the cop-
per it shall become thoroughly oxidized itself.
May not your scythe, your hoe, your ploughshare
bave a patch of zinc upon it, and thus be prevent-
ed from rusting when laid away ? Could not
your chisels,. your axes and tools have a little put
upon them by way of an antirustmatic, and thus
be kept bright? could it not be applied in a
thousand useful ways not now thought ol ? Pon-
der upon the subject— try the experiment and let
us hear the result.

ately ensued between them, ilnriiig which the girl
went into the thicket, took four of the savage an-
imal's whelps, put them into her apron and carri-
ed them safe home. The dog soon afterwards ar-
rived without having received any severe wounds
in the battle as he was protected by a large spiked
collar.

FASHIONABLE SHELL. COMBS,

Siffn of the Goldi-n Cuvtb, 242 Wushinglou street, Boston.
Thf la-hion of Combs having undergone considerable mod-
ificaliou during the last eighle.n months, and the coml.s u< w
worn bcin>r much smaller than those formerly, induces the sub-
scriber to suggest to the ladies that they can have Ihe.r combs
reduced to conform to the present style, (--on.bs that aie now
lost to die owner, inconsequence ol their HUfiKNESs can oe
altered into one or more combs with wrought or plain lops at
the oplioii of the owner, at a moderate 1 barge.

Tliev have on hand and are cunslanlly manufacturing the

mo»t lashionable combs. Ladies in want ol touibs, will please

call belore purchasing. . i ai„

Jewelry and Fancy Goods at reduced prices for cash. Also,

Warranted Silver Spectacles to su:i any ^pe '"rJi,-.OU.

„Pl, CLERMONT E. HINE.

FLOGGING.

A LATE English writer, in enumerating the
modes of punishment in China, says:— The pa-
nacea, however, after all is the rod. The general
application of this vigorous instrument ot admiii-
istraiion is by no means confined to Chniii, but
embraces without exception every coimlry of the
East from Japan to Bengal, including above
500 000,000 of people, or more than half the hu-
man race. There the rod under its various ap-
pellations of bamboo, cane, cudgel or birch, is ac-
tively at work from morning till night, and after-
wards from night till morning. The Grand Pa-
triarch canes his first minister; the Prime Minis-
ter canes the Secretary of State ; the latter ad-
monishes Lords of the Treasury by belaboring
liieir backs; these enforce their orders to the first
Lord of the Admiralty, by applying what is equal
10 a cat-t.'-nine tails. Generals cane field officers,
and field ofiicers the captains and suballerns. Ol
course the common soldiers of the celestial army
are caned ad lihitum by every body. Then hus-
bands cane their wives, and wives their children.
In short the Chinese and their neighbors may be
truly described as well flogged nations.

FRUIT TREES.

Ornamkntal trees, akd PLANTS, &c

NuRSEKY of WILLIAM KENRICK, id

Newton, Mass. b.K miles from BostoJi by tlu

Western Avenue, and ^a mite from tlie Worees

"Ttis"ettabli's.hmenl now compactly covers 18 acres, and
comprises the selections of the finest kmds of l-l^ars, App es
Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines Apricots, Almonds
Uuinces Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries
and Mumernes, including the Chinese Mulberry, or Muua
.McLTicAULis, so celebrated for silk ; Strawberries, F.g^, &.c
No pains, no labor, or expense has been spared, m obtain ni
he most celebrated varieties, which have here been congregate,
from divers climates and latitudes, and Irom first-rate souice
-selections adapted'.lo every section of the Union. The Oi
i.amciilal Trees and Plants alone, comprise one thousand va
riclics,the most beamilul kinds known ; these include Hors
Chesnuls. Weeping Willows, Calalpas Mmmiaiil Ash A.lai
dius or Tree of rfeaven, Scolch Larch, Silver Firs, Venet^
Sumach, Altheas, Snowballs, Lilacs Honeysuckles, &c— b
peib China and Hardy Roses, Heibaceou, Hower.ng Plant
Pcennies, and splendid Double Dahlias.

Gentlemen afe respectfully invited to orward their orde,
earlii -Early in Autumn, being an excellent season for Irani
I , ing Iwdressto W ILLLViM KENRICK, Newton, Mas
'l-rees &c. delivered in Boston wilhont charge lor transport,
uon tiicy are .selected and labelled with due precaution ai
,.,,re ; and when ordered thence, ihey are suitably packed,al 1
l.nwarded to their deslination, by land or sea. Or orders w
receive the same attention if left with (iEo C Baijrkt
viol agent, at his soe.l store and New England l-arn,
Ollice, INos.51 & 52, North Market Street, Boston. Cat
logues gratis on application. "''

COURAGE.

Not long since a young girl of Jarlon was sent
to the Laiide, a pasture near L'lionniton, in the
Basses Pyrennees, accompanied by a large dog, 111
order to drive home some cattle. On entering a
part of the common thickly covered with broom,
the dog found a she wolf, and a combat immedi-

15,000 PEACH TREES.

Gentlemen deMions of lorming orchards of the Peach tr.
are now otlercl a caplial .electioM ol the finest kinds.

A^r, "o WILLI \ M KENKICK.Newtom oct 1

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is oubllshed every Wednesdaj Evening, at S3 per anni
ASe at the end ol the year-bnt those who pay «n
iixty daysfrom thelime ol subscribi«g,areentitled to a ded

''""/No'pap'e'r'will be sent to a distance without paym
being made in advance.

.AGENTS.
New rorf— G.C.THoRBUiiN,f.7 Liberty-street.
,,//„„,„_W»l. Thok BURN, 347 Markel-slreet.
PI deh,l,i,,-U. &, C. LandReth.85 Chesnul-streel
1 lvZ-\ . L 1 1 ITCHCOCK , Publisher of Amencai, t arr
^;;; ,,,,,,_S. C. Pakkhurst.^S Lower Market-street
Fw'i»g, A'. I-.-Wm. Prince & SoNsProp. Lin.Bot.(
Middlehny. IV— Wight Chaphian , Merchant.
'Hartford-V.ouD\s'lK & Co. BooksellcTS.
NewLwort-V. V. EN E/EK St EI. M A N Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. //.-J. W. Foster Bookseller.
Aiio-usta. jl/f.— Wii.i.ARn Snei.l, Druggist.
Woodslork. Vt-3. A. Pratt.

7J«HW.Jt/c.—W«i. Mann, Druggist. fp„,„,
fi"lifa.r, A. .S.-P.J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recoi
.«(. Lowis— Geo. Molton.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by F "Ri) & Damr
whoexeeute every description of /,««/.■ and Fancy /
,,„ in .rood style , and witli promptness. Orders for p
n'.ma'v he left with Geo. C. Bar,;ett at the Agr.
uJal Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

NEW ENGI^AND FARMER.

PUBLISHED iJY GEO. C. IJAFxRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

^OL. xin.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 12, 1834.

NO. 18.

AVOOI, FAins.

A WRITER in one of the New-I'^n^'lanil newspa-
lers sn^gests the estalilishinent of an annual wool
lir. This af)peais worth attemlinor to, as the con-
enience of both buyers and sellers is promoted by
leir liaving a general place of nieetinir. In Eng-
ind there are horse-fairs, sheep-fairs, cattle-fairs,
op-fairs, and probablj' many others; in Germany
ook-fairs, linen and cotton fairs, wool-fairs, and
lie like ; whereas almost the only fairs in this
onntry are fancy-fairs! These latter usnally oir'er

most attractive scene from the nmiiliers of beaii-
fiil females who grace the stands ; and they are
ften made beneficial to sonie public charity ; but
ley do not subserve the great interests of agricul-
ire or manufactures.

Were an extensive wool-fair eslablisbed, it is
robable that farmers and graziers would pay more
tiention than they now do to the growth of their
ocUs, in which case this country might supply
liigland with a large part of that qiiatitily which
le now imports from Spa n and Germany. The
>arse wool she obtains from her own sheep, but
le fine she is compelled to import from countries
aving a different climate. — As this country pos-
isses every apparent advantage of soil and climate,
le might, with proper attention, soon rival any
her country in the world Baltimore Gaz.

SALT AVATKR OIV PLANTS.

After an inundation of Friesland, in 1825, the
»k,tlie mulberry, pear, and peach trees, and (lop-
loted ones, did not suffer : nor the asparagus :
10 onions, celery, pumpkins, and some others,
ere never finer. But the vines and gooseberries
>ntractcd a salt taste, and the apricots, apples,
lerries, poplars, elms, beech, and willows, could
)t stand it. They pushed out a few leaves, and

en declined. — Bull. Univ. 1829, p. 225.

shuts it fast. A rising main, with a check valve,
is opened between the two buckets in the pump,
upon which is screwed fast a leather ]i\\>e with a
copper tube on the end. One man directing this
pipe, and another pumping, converts the cart into
a sort of fire engine, that may be very useful in
cases of emergency, throwing the water -10 feet
horizontally, and over any house of two stories,
any hay stack or corn rick, and also very useful
for garden walls and fruit trees. By increasing
the size of the barrel, and by applying more power,
a suflicient engine may be made, and answering
other pur(ioses at the same time. The above de-
scribed is very simple and cheap, and is very use-
ful.— John Donaldson, British Far. Magazine.

readers will be able to make a few remarks on this
comiTiuiiieation. ]VI. Saol.

Lancaster, England, June 22, 1834.

POTATOES

— Planted at one foot deep |)roduced shoots at
the end of the spring; at two feet, not till the mid-
dle of the summer ; at three feet, their roots were
very short, and did not come to the surface ; be-
low three feet they never vegetated. Several were
buried in a garden at 3 1-2 feet, and after two
years were found without any germination, but
with their original freshness, firmness, and proper
taste. — Ann. Soc. Aerr. Fr.

A CHEAP AND CS&FUL. WATER-CART,

I SUBJOIN a description of a very cheap and use-
1 water-cart. A barrel, holding 100 to 200 gai-
ns, is placed on a pair of wheels and shafts in
e usual way. A pump, three inches in diameter,
plac;;d close by the side of the barrel, and to the
ider end of the pump is made fast a leather pipe
indefinite length, with a rose coi)per end, and
the pipe small copper or tin rings are placed,
■o inehi^s distant, to prevent the external air from
essiiig together the sides of the pipe, and thus
eluding the water. The cart being placed on
e bank of a river,, brook, or pond, and the pipe
rown into the water with the rose end imniers-
a man will pump 1-50 gallons in 10 minutes,
ithout the trouble of having a road into the hot-
in of the river, and with the groat advantage of
B horse stamling dry, and not plunged into three
St of cold water in a winter day, in the usual
ly of filling by ladle and standish. A stop-cock
fixed behind for discharging the water. When
e cart is travelling the leather pipe lies over the
rrel, fastened by two iron catches.
The barrel being filled, and driven to the place
quired, the leather [lipe is immersed in the bor-
1 by a hole in the top, sufiicient to admit the
se end. A small iron roil screws down by the
le of the piston rod, upon the upper valve, and

From tlie Aeic York fFarmer.
POTATOES IN ENGLAND.

I YESTERDAY refused to take in a number of the
New-York Farmer and American Gardener's AJag-
Mzine, as there was a charge of §2 upon it. I re-
gret that no means can be devised for obtaining
them at a reasonable sum. The number which I
received last was for March, 1834, and the charge
was sixpence ; it was brought by the John O'Gaunt
steamer, from Liverpool.

The potato crop, I find, since my last letter was
sent off, turns out worse than was expected, and
many of the fitrmers are now reploiighing the
land for replanting their potatoes; the cause of the
failure baffles both the learned and the unlearned.

IVly crop has not failed, and is considered the
finest in this part. They were [dauied early in
i\Iay ; the land was covered with horse and cow
dung, and then drills made with a plough ; the
sets being newly cut and large, and put in as the
plough went on, having plenty of hands to keep
the plough going. It appears that ]iotatoes being
cut into sets a week or ten days before planting,
have failed. I will just mention one instance of a
fiirmer having planted one day about three acres,
but not being able to finish the whole of the field
that day, the remainder was not planted for ten
days, and those have completely failed. This I
think is a proof that the potatoes should not be
cut till they are set ; and it has been found that
on examining the ground near the fall, where the
potato set is found, the decay commences on the
cut side, and not on the skin side, and that a num-
ber of small insects are found, resembling small
tape worms, devouring the matter in the set. From
the public papers it appears that experiment has
been made this year in jdantingthe potatoes whole,
and not cutting them, which appears to have an-
swered, for the same sort of potatoes having been
cut into sets and planted in the same field, at the
same time, have failed. Perhaps some of your

Frcm the Gardeners Magazine.
THE VALUE OF GREEN VEGETABLES AS
MANURE

— Was strikingly proved by mo in the spring of
1833. I had a trench oiiened of sufficient length
to receive six sets of potatoes ; under three of
these sets I placed green cabbage leaves, but the
other three had nothing but the soil. When the
crop was dug up, the jilants over the cabbage
leaves yielded about double the produce of the
others. — J. D. Parks, Dartford Nursery, Jan. 1834.

MANGEL ■\VURTZEL.

Mr. William K. Townsend, in a letter to the edi-
tor of the New York Farmer, has the following
remarks on this valuable root.

"I am every season more and more convinced
of the vrdue of this [the Mangel Wiirtzel,] crop to
farmers like myself, that winter a tolerably large
stock. This is my fourth season of cultivating
them, and I mean in future to increase the quantity
threefold. I took off my crop last fill in season ta
seed down the field with rye and grass. The crop
of rye was excellent, and the grass is now equal to
that in tlie same field, sowed after a crop ol' early
potatoes. I do not believe they exhaust land more
than any other root crop ; if the land is well pre-
pared H!! ■ ibe seed .sown at the proper time, two
good' boPingt. are sufficient. 1 i jive thir, season
gathered the under leaves for my hogs, and they
will eat them as soon as anything that 1 give them.
I do not think the crop is injured by taking them
off. As my early beets did not come to perfection,
we used the itiangel wiirtzel, taking out the small-
est, when two grew together, in their stead ; and if
well cooked and prepared for the table, we think
them as good as beets. I usually raise them to
feed out after my turnips are gone in the spring ;
my milch cows do well on tlieiii, as well as other
cattle, and I want no better feed for my breeding
sows and store pigs along early in the spring, be-
fore they get a good bite of grass."

CLOVER -WITH CORN.

Last spring, Mr. William Clark, Jr. of tliis town
fitted a rough old field of twelve or fourteen acres
for corn and grass in his method. The land con-
sisted of pine plain, some poor mowing, and a
number of swampy places covered with sedge and
bushes. No hills were made about the corn ; and
at the proper time, clover, herds-grass, and red-top
seed were sown. We passed across the field after
the corn was ripe, and found a good crop, and
the ground almost every where covered with clover
and other grasses. After the corn was cut up by
the roots and carried oft', and there was nothing to
obstruct the sight, this large field of clover pre-
sented a most beautiful and luxuriant appearance,
while every thing around it was dry and sear.
Sir. Clark expended on this piece of land the past
season, in labor and manure, more than four hun-
dred dollars. Future crops, we think, will show
that his money is profitably invested. — Hampshire
Gazette.

188

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOVEMBER 13, 1S34.

From the American Farmer.
ON RAISING GRAIN ON LIGHT SOILS.

A correspondent in your last "Farmer" wishes
to be informed whether any tiling has been done
at raising grain on light sandy soils manured with
marsh mud, plaster of Paris, or lime, and if so
wishes a detail, &c., with the results. I wdl give
him what has come under iny observation. Some
years since, I bought a lot of land which contained
14 or 15 acres of river bottom of very light san<ly
soil— the rest upland, which was stony. The
bottom being easier farmed, had been completely
worn out by the tenants, who, under the former
owner, had used it for years without any manure.
The first year of my owning it I tried a part with
50 bushels of lime to the acre, put on in the spring
after breaking it up for corn— it produced a good
crop of corn, and subsequently one of the best
crops of winter grain in the township— it was
then sown with clover and timothy, and plastered
(i.e. sown with ground gypsum) and produced me
two tons of hay to the acre ; I continued the same
course of treatment on the whole flat, wilh equal
success, adding to the lime as much stable manure
as we had made on the lot. It may be proper to
say, that perhaps previous to my owning it the lot
had' never had a bushel of plaster sown on it, and
perhaps never had been limed or manured to any
extent, and that when broken up after I got it, 1
caused it to be ploughed very deep— deep |ilough-
ing answers well except on stifl'clay soils. Tlie
crops of this i)art of the world have been greatly
improved within the last ten or fifieen years by the
use of lime as a manure. For a time after the in-
troduction of gypsum, many of our farmers relied
on it, and clover alone — other manures were ne-
glected, and although inucb good was done by the
introduction of clover, yet the process<Af cropping
exhausted the land, aixl gypsuin, which I believe
is only a stimulus, ceased to produce any beneficial
eflects on the lands. Recourse was then had to

lime that has been successfully continued ever

since, and our millers inform me that the result
has been an increase of at least 50 per cent, in the
quantity of grain produced in the same district ot
country. Lime, I believe, operates as a manure
by its caustic properties neutralizing the acids in
the soil. I have also observed, when several years
have elapsed without the application of gypsum,
that on renewing it its effects are again very mani-
fest, especially on the grass crops. In the little
farming I have recently done I have combined the
application of stable ni.inuie and lime, and when I
manure, I do it in earnest, and it pays well. On
an out lot of five acres near this borough, which
had been sutfered to become exhausted, because
the former owner said lie could not afford to buy
lime and manure, he was tinable to raise wheat,
and the grass crop was very iudiflJerent. I broke
it up early in the snmuier — put on it 230 bushels
of lime, and 44 horse loads of manure, gave it
three ploughings and sowed while wheat. The
next season I got 31 bushels of wheat to the acre

I sowed clover and timothy among the wheat.

1 sold the crop of gniss standing the next season
for $40, and got $10 for the fall pasturage; ibis
year I made upwarils often tons of hay off" it, and
have again gotten $10 for the fall |)astuiage.

The effect of lime is visible lor a greater or less
length of time according to the nature of the soil,
I have seen it distinctly visible twelve years af-
ter it had been applied.

In this country it is generally put on after the

land is ploughed, and then harrowed and plough-
ed in. If the season be not too dry its beneficial
effects will be visible in the summer crop fullow-
ing its application in the spring. But if land be
limed for the suuimer crop and u dry siuiuner
succeed, it sometimes injures that crop that sea-
son, although its beneficial eflects will be seen the
next and succeeding years; lime never is fully felt
in its effects until a winter has passed after its ap-
plication. On poor or thin land 1 think an appli-
cation of the lime on the surface or sod in the fall
the most advisable; spread it and let it lie till
spring. I think any land will bear 40 bushels to
the acre thus a|)plied, and that the difti^rence of
the corn crop the next season will nearly if not
quite pay the price of the lime, if it can be pro-
cured at a reasonable price. J- M- P-

or flukes. By what means they get there is at
present a matter of conjecture. It is certain they
are animalculae, as they have been seen to move
several hours after their removal from the sheep.-
It may be asked by some, how are we to knovT"
the rot in its first stage .' The weather, the situ-
ation of his land, together with his own jiulgnienl
as to the probability of the flock becoming diseas.
ed are the shepherd's best guides. The sheep,
themselves, in an early stage of the disease will
appear slolhliil, and their eyes diu^, with a tingf
of yellow, i. e. having a jaundiced appearance. If
this state, I should give a few doses of milk iner
curials, saline aperients, and then a mild bitter in-
fusion, such as infusion of chamomile or of gen-
tian, two or three times a day. — Loudon^s Maga

21)16.

From lite Genesee Farmer.
ON ROLLING WHEAT.

Some farmers in this neighborhood, have given
the finish to putting in iheir wheat by rolling the
fields smooth ; but my experience is opposed to
this practice. For mowing indeed, the ground
cannot be too smooth ; and wheat that is well
matted above and well rooted below, will doubt-
less be less affected ; but late sown wheat that
comes up through a smooth uniform surfiice, is
much more exposed and injured by the sweeping
winds than wheat that grows on ground left rough
by the tracks of the harrow. The difference is
very great; and if there should he any of your
readers who doubt it let them run the harrow in
a few places across the rolled field, and observe
the result next spring.

The best time for rolling wheat and preparing
the ground for the scythe is in the spring.

A 1'loughman.

WORMS AND SLUGS

Are very destructive to crops of |)otatoes, es

pecially if it happens to be a wet season for plant
ing ; and many persons suppose that the bad cro)
is owing to the wet having rotted the sets, when
upon examination, it has been found that the;
have been destroyed by worms and slugs. T
prevent this, as soon as the potatoes are cut
spread the sets thinly on the ground, and throw
small quantity of quicklime over them ; then tur i
them up together, when the moisture of the potsi
toes will cause the lime to slake, and form a thi i
coat over the sets, which will save them. If thi
sets (or whole potatoes, where these are used) ail
too dry to slake the lin:e, they may be sprinklti
lightly with water previously to putting the lin
on. — Gardener's Magadne.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIET-Jl

THE ROT IN SHEEP.

Many of your readers are aware that by the fre-
quent and repeated moistening of land the grass
grows in abundance, much more quickly, and has
a much more luxuriant appearance, particularly
when the weather is close and warm. It is this
quickness of its growth which I think is the great
cause of the mischief. When grown slowly, time
is allowed for that bitter luinciple to be more fully
elaborated, on which depends the good quality ot
our grasses, which is the case in a moderately dry
season, and when also the disease does not make
its appearance. But when, couiraiy to this, the
Trass grows too quickly to allow that change tak-
ing place, and it does not contain that bitterness,
hut has a more delicate appearance, or what is
termeil squashy, the sheep become diseased from
the want of that usual stimulus to the bowels, the
bitter principle of well grown grass. In conse-
quence of this they become torpid, the food not
well digested, the secretion of the bile sluggish ;
and here is the foundation of that mass of disease
in the liver. How far this opinion may be correct
I leave to the judgment of others; but should it
prove so, the remedy will be simple when taken
in the first place, that is, before the matter isfiirm-
ed in the liver. I presume that for the want of
that stimulus to the bowels, the liver does not per-
form its functions, and becomes overloaded with
bile, part of which is again circulated with the
blood ; but in time, from its stagnation it becomes
putrid, and matter is formed upon the liver, in
small tubercles, wliich bursting into each other
become abscesses, in which are found the hydatids

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, JVuv. 8.

Pears. By Mr. Ward of Roxbury, from an in(
ported French tree, an unripe fruit, below the mn
dium size, round, of a green color — evidently
breaking fruit, of a remarkably musky and spi(
flavor ; its name unknown.

By Mr. B. V. French, sent by M. H. Ruggle
Esq. of Fall River, a small round wild liuitofadai
yellow russet color, breaking and sweet. It w,
very lately found growing wild within a pasture (
the same farm where the Wilbur Pear originate
It has been suggested that this fiuit may be fbui
worthy of cnliivalion from its late keeping ; at
that it be named Wilbur's Late. Another h
keeping fruit which was sent by Mr. Ruggles
Mr. French, will be noted on some future day.

Jlpples. By L. P. Grosvenor, Esq. a variety
Greening, of a large size, rounder oblong, of g6
fl,ivor,— another variety, a winter fruit, believed
be the Marygold ; a large handsome flat fruit,
a reddish orange color and good flavor ; ali
Kaighn's Spitzenberg, and the Black Gillyflow.
and another variety, nanie unknown, a haudsoi
red fruit, of excellent flavor.

By Mr. Cheever Newhall — Chataignier of I
French, rather iiust its prime, but of cxcelli
flavor.

Peaches. By Mr. Samuel Walker of Roxhu
a seedling variety of Clingstone, a handsome in
its flavor destroyed by the frost.

For the Committee, William Kenric

VOI-. XIII. NO. 18.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

COMMUNICATIONS.

139

For the NfiD England Farmer.
BONE AND PLASTER MILIi.

T. G. Fesse.nden, Esq. — Dear Sir, I notice in
e New England Fanner of -29(11 nit. the question

asked yon, ]s there any niill in this vicinity
lere Plaster of Paris and Bones can he ground ?
bave a Wind Mill in this Town which was built
• the ohject of grinding for a Distillery ; since
It has ceased to operate I have had no use for it.
lis Mill operates two pair of stones, and with a
fling alteration may he made to grind not only
!ad stuff, hut Plaster or Bones, either or all.
iving no use for it, woidd sell it so low as to
ke it an object to those wanting a mill to pur-
ise. The person who liuilt the windmill, now
Charlestown, is a neighbor of mine who I think
old he glad of the job to take it down, send it
Boston by water, carry it where it may be want-

and put the same in operation.
If yon think proper, you may make this public

the information of such as are in want of a
I.

Very respectfully.

Varren, R. I. 6th JVov. 183 4.

F. SiSSON.

For the jVcki England Farmer.
soil, OF PIiYMOUTH.
Ir. Fessende.v — Dear Sir, I beg leave through
r valuable paper to correct an erroneous oj)in-
wt.ich is abroad relative to the soil of this an-
t town. The imjiression seems to be that it is
iliarly barren, a mere sand-heap, unsusceptible
'egetation, and that our fathers trudged over a
:h of sand, like snow-drifts, and subsisted on
ters, eels, and clams. This may have been
ething near the truth in their ' days of small
gs,' but however unfortunate in their location
3 our pilgrim fathers, it is clear that their en-
rising posterity have successfully applied a
3dy to some of the embarrassments with which
e good men were afflicted, and meliorated the
lition of things far surpassing the conception
ie original settlers. True it is that a tract of

in the vicinity of the town consists of unpro-
ive sandy pine hills, hut bordering on the
e, our well cultivated soil will compare with
)est in New England. The first crop of Ruta
(produced in this county, if not in New Eng.
, was raised in this town, and obtained the
(iuiTi in 1819. Wheat and rye have been
uced from our soil at niore than thirty-three
els per acre, both of which have obtained pie-
ns; of the latter article, forty-three bushels

raised on one acre and seven rods, by an in-
ious farmer in this town, a few years since,
vhich a prenduin was awarded bv the Ply-
h Agricultural Society. But the following
iple, it is believed, sets at defiance the rivalry
e most improved agiiculturist. Dr. Charles
m, of this town, occupying a piece of reclaim-
ramp, has, by judicious management, the past
n, prod(tced more than four tons of hay, clo-
md herdsgrass, to the acre. The hay when
ughly dried, was accurately weighed by the
weigher, and the land surveyed with the view
iremiuin, hut no premium was offered for hay
e Plymouth Agricultural Society. The land
jred one acre and a half and nine rods, and
isy weighed six tons eight hundred and
lounds, being four tons two hundred and
sen pounds to the acre. The second crop of

grass standing on the tneadow, was estimated at
more than two tons, but was not mowed. Fruit
trees fiom-ish well here, excepting the peach,
which generally suffers essential injury from spring
frost, and cold easterly winds. In some instances,
however, we have witnessed abundance of fruit
fmm peach trees in favorable seasons and situa-
tions in our gardens. When in your city to view
the horticultuial display at Faneuil Hall, a lady,
piidiiig herself to be sure on that splendid exhibi-
tion, said to me, 'you can have no flowers at Ply-
mouth, your soil is so sanihj.' The ladies of your
city, Mr. Editor, ought to have more just impres-
sions respecting the seat of those, from whom un-
der Providence, we derive all our earthly enjoy-
ments. They may be told that the Mayflower and
the Droscra llotundifolia (Sundew) are natives, if
not peculiar, to this town and vicinity ; and of the
former, many baskets full were sent in the early
liart of summer, to decorate the parlors of the (ne-
tropolis; and this would in my opinion, appear to
peculiar advantage, if planted on the woody hills
of Mount Auburn, the soil of which, I think, would
prove congenial to this early flowering and beauti-
ful plant. As to our flower gardens, they display
a splendor and taste in no respect inferior to those
in the city, and hundreds of bouquets might have
been furnished from this town, equally splendid
with a large proportion of those which adorned
Faneuil Hall, (Magnificent as they were, some rare
exotics excepted.

Our atte(npls to cultivate the foreign vines have
in general been unsuccessful ; but the Isabella is
very productive, and the fruit is delicious, when
well (natuied and free from disease. It is much
to be desired that some person whose experience
and observation entitle him to confidence, will di-
rect us to the most profitable method of cultiva-
ting this vine. In one instance, within my obser-
vation, a vine extends its numerous branches to the
roof of a high building, and spreads in different
directions several hundred feet. This vine is
abundantly productive, hut its fruit is not large,
and is every year n[ore or less affected with mil-
ifew ; whether this is to be ascribed to any pe-
culiarity of location I am unable to decide. In
other instances, where the vine has been subjected
to moderate pruning, all superfluous and unripen-
ed wood cut away, and the whole extent confined
to 12 or 15 feet, I have observed the largest and
best tnatured fruit, but very close pruning is ac-
cording to my judgment always injurious. I have
yet had no opportunity to ascertain whether the
Catawba grape will attain to a mature state of ripe-
ness in our climate, I hope you or some corres-
pondent will inform us. It appears in the Farnier
of October 22d, that Ja(nes McArthur, Esq. raised
the past season, the extraordinary quantity of six-
teen bushels of grapes, in the cold climate of the
State of Maine; if that gentleman has adopted any
method of culture, different from the coinnion
practice, the particulars would be acceptable.

In your paper of the 5th instant, Mr. Editor,
you tantalized your readers by a notice of an ex-
traordinary large Angouleme pear, which measur-
ed a foot round, and took eight gentlemen to eat
it. It is hoped that this will .serve to encourage
the cultivation of this excellent fruit more general-
ly among us.

Now I hope your readers will excuse me if I
recur to some reminiscences to show that fat oxen
of extraordinary size were not unknown in former

limes. In April, 1773, a fat ox, raised by Lieut,
.loseph Baker, of Westborough, when seven years
old, weighed 2,501 pounds, was five feet eleven
inches high, nieasured nine feet three inches round,
twelve feet two inches from his nose to his rump,
and five feet from the top of his weathers to the
bottom of his brisket.*

Stilllarger. June 24, 1779. I have just had the
satisfaction of viewing the largest fat ox perhaps
ever seen. He is six feet seven inches high, and
weighs on the hoof 3,500 pounds. This noble
animal was presented by some gentlemen in Con-
necticut, to His Excellency General Washington ;
it would seem therefore that at one period they
were free from starvation at Head Quarlers-f I
presume that our agricultural societies with all
their commendable improvements, cannot boast of
an ox of equal weight and measure to the one
above described.

I subscribe myself, very respectfully,

Your humble servant,

James Thacher.
N. B. I am just informed that a friend at Kings-
ton has recently taken a pear from his tree, a Bon
Chretien, which measures eleven inches and one
third of an inch rout(d.

For the New England Farmer.
CUT AND UNCUT POTATOES FOR PtANTIWG.

Mr. Fessenden — The following details of au
experiment to ascertain the relative advantage of
planting cut or uncut potatoes is at your service
for publication if you think it of sufficient import-
ance.

I planted this year alternate rowaof cut and un-
cut potatoes. I put four pieces into each hill of
the cut potatoes and two potatoes into each hill of
the whole potatoes. The liills were three feet
apart, each way, and of course the number of hills
in an acre was 4840. The produce of the rows,
planted with cut potatoes was at the rate of
three hundred and thirty-five bushels the acre,
or twenty-three thousand five hundred and
twenty pounds. The produce of the rows
planted with whole potatoes was at the rate of four
hundred and fifty -eight bushels or thirty-two thou-
sand and sixty pounds. The difference in the
crop in favor of whole potatoes was at the rate of
one hundred and twenty-two bushels the acre, but
as there were twenty-two bushels more of seed the
acre used in planting the whole potatoes the nett
gain was only one hundred bushels. However, as
one bushel of potatoes at the season of planting is
usually worth two bushels at harvest time, it will
be more accurate to calculate the gain at seventy-
eight bushels. The kind of potatoes planted was
the " white blue nose" which is decidedly the best
potato fur the table I have ever cultivated, though
a moderate bearer unless it receive generous treat-
ment.

EUawodh, (Me.) SdATov. 1834.

[The above is a valuable article, and the experi-
ments which it details, will go near to settle a very
important and much controverted point in hus-
bandry.— Ed. A/". Eng. Farmer.

Piles. An ointment of lard, sulphur, and cream
of tartar, simmered together, is good for the piles.
— Frugal Housewife.

* Evening Post, April 12, 1773. t My IMililary Journal.

140

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOVEMBER la, 1S34.

From the Worcester Palladium.

WORCESTER CATTLE SHOW.

(Continupcl from page 131.)
■WORKING OXEN.

The Committee on working oxen, Imving at-
tended to tiie duly assigned tliein, respectfully
report: — That your committee regard tlie trial of"
Avorking oxen, not a mere exhibition, but as one
of the real tests of the comparative value of the
oxen which are entered for premiums. This trial
])resents few attractions to any except tlie farmer,
but to him it is full of interest, for the ox is his
companion in the severest labors of the farm, at
all seasons of the year. This useful animal can-
not be dispensed with in this section of the coun-
try, however, it may be in other more easily cul-
tivated regions. On a rough field, or a tough field,
he is without a competitor ; no other animal can
do his work or suiiply his place.

The committee were instructed to regard
strength, equality of match and docility, as well as
size and appearance, in the animals submitted to
their examination.

Strength, the first requisite in working oxen, is
in a great degree the gift of nature, but depends
not so much on size as on form and proportion, and
to select an animal who will combine strength
with activity, and do the most work in the least
time, requires a skilful and practised eye. Some
of the best oxen which entered the lists on this oc-
sasion were of small frame and stature, but com-
pactly built and well proportioned.

Rut strength without equality of match is of lit-
tle value, for the ox will not, any more than his
master, work to advantage without a mate. Equal-
ity of match is essential to make oxen work with
ease to themselves or with profit to the owner.
In the field as in the house, by the way-side as
by the fireside, when unequally mated, neither of
the yoke fellows will " go ahead," and when both
sides are oflT sides, any yoke will gall. No farmer
who looks well' to his interest or his comfort, will
neglect this kind of match-making. It is neither
the long team nor the strong team, but the team
which pulls together, that moves with ease the
heavy load.

Docility is usually the result of early and regu-
lar training. The lash and the goad cannot be
made a substitute in later years for kind treatment
and patient training in early life. The ox should
be put to school when young, and under a skilliil
and attentive master, will learn more in a short
time than is generally supposed. He ought not to
ehange masters till his habits and character are
fully formed, and ever after he will remain steady
and docile under the yoke.

The connnittee found fifteen yoke of superior
oxen engaged in the competition for the four pre-
miums. In determining to whom the premiums
should be awarded, the inquiry with the commit-
tee was, which yoke would they prefer for their
own use. which yoke, all things considered, would
be most valuable on their farms. Although the
competition has never been better sustained on
any former occasion, the committee were unani-
jnoiis in awarding the three first premiums.

The commiltee award to Royal T. Marble, of
Worcester, for his yoke 4 years old, the first pre-
luium of $12.

To James Taylor of Sutton, for his yoke 4
years old, the second premium of $10.

To John Park of Milhnry, fur his yoke 5 years
old, the third premium of $8.

To Tyler Carpenter, of Sutton, for his yoke
4 years old, the fourth premium of $5.

Mr. Marble's cattle had obviously been educat-
ed in the Sutton School, and were raised by him;
where they were equal in other res[iects, the
youngest yoke had the preference.

A long and stout team of real working oxen at-
tracted the special attention of the Committee and
the admiration of all who witnessed the stately
march of this long procession of sturdy animals.
About one hundred and twenty yoke, all owned
by the public spirited citizens of the town of
VVorcester, were assembled in one team. The
committee believe that this team, fresh from the
furrow of the harvest field, and collected indis-
criminately without any selettion for the piir|)ose
of exhibition, has never been, and cannot be sur-
passed by any other team from any other town
for size, strength and equality of match. There
was scarcely a yoke in the team, which if it had
stood alone, would not have attracted attention.
While inspecting such a team, who could doubt
the salutary influence of our Cattle Shows ?

Wm. S. Hastings, Chairman.

HEIFEKS, &c.

The Committee upon heifers and heifer-calves,
have attended to the duties assigned lo them, and
Report. That the number of heifers entered for
premiums and exhibition is ^unusually large the
present year, and the animals are of a very supe-
rior quality, such, as by their siz«, fine proportions,
color, and general good appearance, show that the
"■rowers have bestowed considerable attention upon
and done much towards improving our breed ot
cattle. The Committee although unanimous in
tho expression that they had rarely if ever witnes-
sed a superior exhibition of heifers in the Society's
pens at any previous show, yet deem that there is
still room for further improvement.

Much has already been done towards improving
the quality of our neat stock. An aptitude lo fat-
ten has been combined by judicious crosses with
fine forms and good qualities for the dairy. Long
experience has shown that the best cattle although
they may be dear at first cost, are upon the whole
the cheapest and most profitable for the farmer.
This affords a strong inducement to all growers to
raise the best stock they can.

Much pains and great expense have been be-
stowed for the improvement of our native breed of
cattle by crossing with the best English stock that
could be procured.

This system has been carried lo as great an ex-
tent as is desirable perhaps at present ; the results
liave been thus far upon the whole beneficial, so
far as regards size, form, and a tendency to fatten
easily ; so far as regards good qualities for the dai-
ry, quantity and quality of milk, there remains yet
iiiucli to be done.

Feeling as your Committee do that the size,
color, and fine proportions of heifers are after all
for the purpose of the dairy, hut secondary consid-
erations, and knowing that the superior qualities
of the parent stock are in a good degree inherited
by their ofl'spriiig, they would suggest to those en-
gaged in growing stock fin- the dairy, the expe-
diency of raising no calves but those from cows
remarkable for the qvality as well as the quantity
of their milk. By pursuing such a course, a very
material change will he effected in the results of
dairying operations.

Your Committee believe that, from judicious

crossing of our native breed with the best English
breeds, there will spring a race better adapted K
our climate and mode of keeping, and more vain
able for fatting and for the dairy than either raci
would be unmixed.

The test of examination in the Society's jiens ti
which heifers are exposed can be of course ni
criterion as to their comparative worth as cows to
the Dairy. The size and fine proportions ani
general good appearance of the animals are a
that the Committee can found their judgment u[
on ; of course it may, and probably often doe
happen, that heifers for which premiums ha>
been awarded turn out to be for dairying purposi
quite ordinary animals, while others of more bun
ble and unpretending appearance prove to be tl
genuine fill-pails of the herd.

Much has already been accomplished by tl
Farmer towards perfecting the size and form
his neat stock ; all that he can desire more is, th
that portion of it used for the dairy, shall in pr
diictive value rival their high standard of fine a
pearance ; when this is acconq)lished, and it iii
be done with care and attention, the Farmer h
nothing.further to desire in point of improvemi
for his cows. They will then be as well nigh pi
feet as females can be.

Had there been a larger number of premiums
the disposal of your Committee, they would hi
found iioditficulty in distributing them among I
portion of tlie young stock submitted to their
spection.

Your Committee, cannot forbear expressing
pleasure they feel, at witnessing such an exhibit
of the superior quality of the neat stock growt
the heart of tlie Comtnonwealth as this day's sh
has aflbrded.

Yearling Heifers.
\. For the best yearling heifer they awar
the 1st premium of $5 to David Lamb, of Leii
ter, for liis spotted heifer 1 year and 7 months

2. For the next best yearling heifer the 2d i
mium of $4 is awarded to Asa Rice of West Bi
ston for his red heifer.

3. The third premium of $2 they awardei
Benjamin F. Barrett of Princeton for his heifi
year and 4 months old.

Heifer Calves.

1. For the best heifer calf from 4 to 12 moi
old, they awarded the first premium of $5 to C
Adam Harrington of Shrewsbury, for his ca
months and 26 days old.

2. The 2d iiremium of $4, they awardet
Benjamin Reed of Worcester, for his dark
heifer calf six months old.

3. They awarded the 3d premium of $2.
Royal Pickiird of Worcester, for his half spc
heifer calf G months old.

Three year old heifers.

Of Three year old heifers, the number
small, but the quality of the animals was s
that the want of numbers to compete for premi
was the less noticed.

L The 1st premium of $8, they awarde
Allen Newhall of Spencer, for his three year
red heifer.

2. To Doct. Oliver Fiske of W^orcester,
awarded the 2d premium of $6, for his three
old heifer.

3. They awarded the 3d premium of $
Capt. Lewis Barnard of Worcester, for his sp
3 year old heifer.

VOli. XIII. NO. IS.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

141

Two year old heifers.

1. The 1st |)reniiiiiii of ¥6, tliey owardcd to
Joliii Whitney of Princeton, for his lieifer 2 years
and J nionilis ohi.

2. The 2d preniiinii of .*.5, to William Eiii;er
of Nonlil)oroii^'h, for his two year old re<I Iieiler.

3. In awarding ihe third premium of three dol-
lars, till.' Connnittee hesitated for some lime he-
iweon the fine lieifer of Col. Jacoh Wat.son of
Princeton, and the lieamiful large red heifer of
Mr. Daniel Heywood of Shrewshnry. After much
consiileration, the Connnittee found themselves
equally divided hetween the two animals; it there-
fore fell upon the Chairman to decide, who not
without hesitation as to the correctness of his de-
cision, awarded in favor of flir. Heywood's heifer.

The Committee were unanimously in favor of
recommending that Col. Watson be allowei] the
tisual comjiensalion for travel for his heifer in con-
sideration of her excellence.

The Committee have much pleasure in com-
mending the fine appearance of two 2 year old
heifers helonging to Mr. Asa Rice of West Boylston ;
also, the fine yearling heifer of Jlr. Samuel Cham-
berlain of Westborougli.

The dark red 2 year old heifer of Capt. Lewis
Barnard of Worcester, is also an animal deserving
much praise for good proportions and size. Mr.
.A.rnold L. Allen of Shrewsbury, offered two very
superior heifers of the age of two years.

Mr. Jonas Sibley of Westhorougb, had a fine
yearling heifer in the pens. Mr. Daniel Heywood
of Shrewsbury, offered two fine 2 years old heifers,
besides the one to which the Connnittee have
awarded a preniiu-m. Animals also deserving much
commendation, were entered by Mr. JuliPz Rice of
Worcester, and by Mr. Leonard Wlieelock of Graf-
ton.

Three fine 2 year old heifers, were entered by
Mr. Cyrus Lovell of Worcester. A fine heifer
Calf 4 months old by Messrs. Heywood & Rice of
Worcester, is deserving of attention. Mr. Samuel
A. Kno.Y of Grafton, had a fine brindle heifer calf
4 months old in the pens. Mr. Seth Wynian of
Shrewsbury, offered a fine dark brown 2 years old
heifer.

All the foregoing animals which the Cotuniittee
have noticed attracted their attention strongly, and
though not successful as competitors for premiums,
they esteem them to be of superior merit for fine
proportions and good size.

All which is respectfully submitted.

By order of the Committee,

Wm. N. Gree?j, Chairman.

a beautiful chesnut filly, the property of Mr. Still-
man French, of that place, recently trotted the
disiance of 12 miles in 42 minutes! and with so
much ease, that within a few minutes after she
went to grazing. It was thought that she would
have gone innrh quicker, had she been pressed at
all — but it seemed only her natural gait ; and yet
it was mile in 3 minutes 30 seconds, and follow-
ing it. We hope the discovery of such trotters
among us, will have a tendency to iriake our farm-
ers ascertain the metal of their horses, before they
throw them away upon jockies. But let them be
careful that they take the right way to ascertain,
so that they do not injure them.

Prom the Netu Hampshire Telegraph.
GOOD HORSES.

Perhaps no subject of as great importance, is
so much neglected, as that of improving our breed
of horses. True, we have good stock about us,
but sufficient care is not taken to improve it.
Many is the farmer who owns what lie supposes a
rather indifferent horse, which if properly broken
would bring him two or three hundred dullars, as
quick as one cent will bring another. This sec-
tion of the country. New Hani[isliiro in jiurticular,
has never been very famous Icir its horses. But
we are digressing. We only intended, when we
commenced, saying simply, that there are and
have been exceptions. We have one in our eye,
and shall give a word or two in relation to it, un-
der the head of

Fast Tbottins. We learn from Keene, that

From the Nautuc/i'tt Inquirer.
NANTUCKET PRODUCTS.

BIr. George B. Elkins has at his store some of
the largest Indian |iumpkins, which probably ever
grew ujionour Island. They are of the same ex-

llent flavor — nut exceeded by the sweet potato
of the South — as the small kind, so common here,
and which are admired by all lovers of New Eng-
land fruits everywhere. Several of them weigh
from 40 to 50 pounds each. We are surprised
that the farmers o"f the continent do not jirocure
the seed of the Indian pumpkin, ami cultivate that
vegetable in preference to the ordinary yellow sort,
so cross-grained and so unpalatable, unless dis-
guised with sweets and spices, and circuinmured
with pastry in tlie form of a pie : whereas the In-
dian pumpkin, having a hard shell, and fine grain-
ed meat, with but little stewing and sweetening, is
converted at once into excellent pies.

The same gentleman presented us yesterday
wall a perfectly ripe fine flavored peacli — one of a
score or two plucked from a tree at Siascomet —
the bleakest and most exposed spot upon our ter-
ritory. Who shall say, after this, that we can
raise nothing but clams ?

Mr. R. F. Parker has this season taken some im-
mense S(iuashes from his plantation. One, of the
long-necked kind, with a greenish mottled skin,
stood in his door-way a day or two since, which
weighed 28 pounds!

But these mammoth substantials, though good
in their way, must " yield the palm" to the deli-
cious grapes, of which we and a few other folks of
laste, partook the other day, at the vineyard of Mr.
Aaron Mitchell. We can make no estiiriate of the
quantity on his vines — but we speak within bounds
when we say that it amounts to divers cartloads,
mostly of the Isabella species. Many others,
among our citizens, have also raised large crops.

season seen young trees and vines bearing mature
fruit, which were removed from that nursery no
'onger ago than last autumn. With but small
comparative cost, and a little care, our island
miglit not only be made to present the beautiful
sylvan aspect of a well wooded region ; but the
more grateful and nutritious contributions of the
garden, the vineyard, and the orchard, may be
gathered in abundance from its soil. Once more
then, we urge upon our townsmen the expediency
of handing in their orders forthwith. Let every
man purchase as many trees as he can afford
means therefor — and either by himself or his
friends, "stick them in the ground; they'll be aye
growin' when he is sleeping."

PI-ANTS

— With few and small leaves depend chiefly on
the soil. Those with many and large ones more
on the atmosphere. But some can find nutriment
and grow even from animals. Thus cryptogamic
plants have been found vegetating on living wasps
in the West Indies. This curious fact lias been
also noticed elsewhere. They will even grow in
the stomach of living animals ; for several instan-
ces of this have occurred, in which the force of
vegetation has prevailed over the animal's digestive
power ; at least, in those who were entirely car-
nivorous.

Trees, Vines, Sfc. It has been demonstrated by
satisfactory experiment, that our " sand-heap" is
capable of bearing every species of forest or fruit
tree that can be made to flourish in any other part
of New England. It is also sufficiently proved
that the products of such trees, of shrubbery of
almost every variety, and of vines in particular
may here be brought to a state of perfection, not
to be exceeded on the continent, under similar cli-
mature. We are happy to perceive a deep inter-
est in this subject already prevailing, and still in-
creasing among us. The time for transplanting
trees and vines is now come ; and we therefore in-
vite attention to the advertisement of Mr. Kenrick's
agent. The nursery of that eminent horticulturist,
having a northern exposure, is well situated for
rearing the most hardy plants — such as are pecul-
iarly adapted for cultivation here. We have this

From the Ge/tesee Farmer.
HOGS FATTENED ON APPLES.

As this is the time for fattening hogs, I will say
one word to my brother farmers on the subject of
feeding apples. Had I not been rejieatedly assur-
ed 1 v experienced fanners, that hogs would starve
on apples, I should not have troubled you with
this communication : I have kept my hogs in my
orchard for several years, and have judged that
they fattened two thirds as fast on apples, raw, as
they did when fed as high as they can be fed.
Cattle and horses are extremely fond of them, and
will thrive well on them, and I have never found
any injury but a decided benefit, to my milch cows
when fed on them. I do not keep my cows from
them at any time, but allow them the run of my
orchard. Having more hogs than I wished to fat
for my own use, I sold two a few days since on
foot — they were small boned, and have never had
any grain except what they gleaned from my wheat
field after harvest, but have had as many apples as
they would eat since they began to fall — they were
ill good working order in the summer, and when
sold weighed 277 lbs. each. My father sold some
at the same time which, in the summer, were
nearly as good as mine, and have had the same
keeping except the apples — his weighed 160 lbs.
each. When turned into an orchard where there
are both sour and sweet apples, they will eat about
as much of one as the other. 1 find that when
my hogs become cloyed on potatoes and meal, that
to substitute apples for potatoes will immediately
restore their appetite. A friend from Massachu
setts informs me that he shut up a hog by himself,
and fed him entirely on apples and water, last fall,
and that he became very fat, was well filled, and
the pork was as hard and sweet as those fed on
corn, and the pork spent as well as any he had.

As I am anxious to see your correspondents
sign their proper names to their communications,
I will again set them the example.

Respectfully, your ob't serv't,

S. Porter Rhoades.

142

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOVEJtIBEB. 12, 183*.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOV. 12, 1834.

FARMER'S WORK FOR NOVEMBER.

Leaves for Mimurc.—in many situations it would be
good economy to rake up leaves of trees, and tlie mould
which has been produced by their decay, as much as can
be procured at a reasonable expense, and cart and spread
them in the barn yard, as a layer to absorb the liquid
manure of your cattle, as well as to afford food for plants
by their decomposition. Liliewise, it would be well to
place quantities of leaves under cover in situations
where you can easily obtain them in winter to use as
litter for your stables, &c. They do not rot very easily,
but they serve the purpose of little sponges to imbibe
and retain liquid manure, and by their use your crops
may be supplied with much fertilizing matter which
would otherwise be lost.

Barricade your cellar, harn, S,~c. against the intrusion
of frost.— The most profitable banks for farmers are such
as prevent his vegetables from freezing, and keep his
basement story comfortable with but little fuel.

Manure your grass ground. — You may now carry out
and spread compost, soot, ashes, &c. on such of your
mowing ground as needs maimre. Some say, however,
that a better time for manuring mowing ground, is im-
mediately after haying, and a writer for the N. E. Far-
mer with the signature Caledonia, (see vol. xiii. p. 41,)
prefers Spring. Any time, however, will answer, when
the o-round is free from frost and snow, and the grass in
a stale not to be injured by the cattle, cart-wheels, &c.
But, previous to manuring your grass land, it will be
well to harrow or scarify it. Also, it will often not be
amiss to sow grass seeds at the same time, to produce a
new set of plants, and supersede the necessity of break-
inirup the sod, to prevent its being "bound out," as the
phrase is.

Water-courses. — Attend to ditches and channels which
give passages for water from highways, &c. and man-
age in such a manner that your ground may be benefit-
ted by the wash of roads, &c.

Stock for lVi7iter.—Do not undertake to winter more
stock than you have abundant means of providing for.
When young animals are pinched for food at an early
period, they never thrive so well afterwards, nor make
so good stock.

Cow-house, Stable, ^c. — The stable or cow-house
should never be completely closed up, however cold the
weather may be, although it is desirable that strong
. draughts of cold or damp air should in winter be guarded
against. It may be set down as a general rule, that stables
or cow-houses are too close when, on enteiing, the breath
i« aifected or any smell of urine can be perceived.

It is very important to keep cow-houses and cattle-
stables clean and well littered. Dung left in stably
soon renders the air unwholesome, and is the cause of
disorders. Cows in a stable will succeed the better u"
allowed a square space of at least six feet each way fof
each cow. Two or three ventilators near the ground on
the north side in summer, and the south side in winter,
afford, at a trifling expense, an fxcellent way of renew-
. ing or sweetening the air in stables ; and these may be
shut when necessary by means of straw, or what is bet-
ter, sliding doors.

Good food for milch C01CS. — Beat up in a mortar dry
corn-cobs, pour boiling water over them, or boil them in
a pot, stir them frequently while boiling, and when cold
give the liquor to your cows.

Banking up houses. — The best mode of banking up
hauses, so as to keep frost from cellars and render the

lower rooms warmer than they would be otherwise, is to
set single boards on edge, parallel with and about a foot
and a half or two feet from the sills or sleepers of the
house, and fasten them in that position by pins or stakes
driven into the ground. Fill in a layer of dirt between
the boards and sills, and over that place a layer of straw
or other litter. Then place boards flat-wise, or nearly
horizontally, descending a little from the house, so as to
shed rain and carry it over the boards placed edgewise,
as stated above. The straw or litter will efl'ectually pre-
vent the frost from penetrating your cellar, to spoil your
vegetables. Next to a smoky house and a scolding wife,
a freezing cellar is earnestly to be deprecated, and if pos-
sible avoided.

PRIME PRODUCTIOIVS.

Large Carrot.s. — Mr. James Francis, of East Sud-
bury, Mass. has left at the Office of the N. E. Farmer,
"for exhibition only," two Orange Carrots, of surpass-
ing magnitude and very fine proportions. Their weight
is G.i lbs. and the largest is 134 inches in circumference.

Siamese PIimpkiks. — We have been presented, by
George B. Elkins, Esq. with a pair of prime pumpkins,
united after the manner of the Siamese twins. They
were produced in Nantucket, and prove that the epitliet
".b'KHii heap," when applied to that island, is a palpable
as well as an opprobrious misnomer.

Il'EMS OP INTEI-iLIGENCE.

Election. The votes for Governor, in Boston, at the
recent election, were, Davis, 5607 — Morton, 2026— Bai-
ley, 404 — Allen, 523. Mr. Abbott Lawrence was elected
Member of Congress by a vote somewhat larger than
that of Gov. Davis. Samuel T. Armstrong is un-
doubtedly elected Lieut. Governor.

At Ipswich Lamb Fair, a Mr. Ransome presented a
turnip sliccing cart, wliich will slice a load of turnips
and spread them over a field for sheep, as the horse walks
forward. — Lon. pa.

"Lund floioing ii'ith milk and honey." We are in-
formed by Mr. J. Vermylia, living at River Aboite, in
this county, that on the 7th of August last, he put a
swaim of bees into a flour barrel, and on the 7th of Oct.
inst. he took the swaim from the barrel, and found 12!l
pounds of honey of the best quality, which had been
gathered by those industrious collectors of the sweets of
life, entirely from the blossoms of the forest. — Detroit
Courier.

Dr. Anderson, of Tennessee, has invented a hemp-
cutter, which, with a single horse and rider, and three
or four hands to take up the hemp, will cut six or eight
acres of good hemp in a day. It has been tried and was
successful, though susceptible of fuither improvement.

English operatives. An investigation was lately made
into the state of education in the factories of Great Brit-
ain.— The result is as follows;

Of about 50,000 operatives in England, ti6 in a hun-
dred can read, and 43 in a hundred can write.

Of about 30,000 in Scotland, ',)0 in a hundred can read,
and 53 in a hundred can write.

Of 1,500 in Belfast, Ireland, DO in a hundred can read,
53 in a liundrcd can write.

The returns of this town are, however, no criterion of
the state of education in that country generally.

Indigo. We are informed, says the Literary Gazette,
that the African Indigo is, we are assured by competent
judges, who have examined specimens of it on the coast,
superior to that imported from the East Indies, and this
accounts for the beautiful dye and brilliant color of the
native clothing. Its prime cost on the Niger is not six
cents a pound.

Half Cents. We have befoie us, says the editor of the
United States Gazette, two counterfeit half cent pieces.
These are piobably manufactured in Canada; and we
understand that the maker clears by his work twenty-
four cents on each pound of copper thus worked up.

Bowduin College. By a catalogue just received, it
seems that there are at present 147 students. A new
system of cnllege government has been adopted. The
old system of suspensions, rustications and expulsions is
abolished ; and when any student shall become neglect-
ful of his studies, or guilty of grossly improper conduct,
his parents or guardian are to receive particular infor-
mation, and remove him , if necessary , to his home .—Kcw-
buryport Herald.

Longevity. The Vincennes Sun records the death of
Mrs. Angeline Mallet, at the advanced age of 110 years.
It was her lot to. raise a family of fourteen children to
the age of women and men, and to live to bury them all ;
all of them having left behind them large families.

Life preserver. The late distressing lossof human life
by the shipwreck of one of the Eastport packets, cannot
fail to direct the attention of persons going to sea, to the
life-preserving belts made by the Roxbury India Rubber
Company. There can be no doubt that many lives might
often be saved by them. Mr. Durant, it will be recol-
lected, when he descended into the water, found himself
very much at his ease in that element with one of these
life preservers on. — Boston Atlas.

A S-<j-u-a-s-h. We have now in our office a squash,
raised by Mr. Joseph Carpenter, on a farm in Smithfield,
belonging to Nicholas Brown, Esq. of this city, which
measures four feet seven inches round the middle, in one
direction, and four feet four inches in the other. It
weighs Jifty-six pounds, and sprung from seed brought
from Marietta, Ohio. — Providence Journal.

Extraordinary Natural Curiosity. As Thomas Win-
ter, of Soulby, near Kirkby Stephen, was, on the 8th
inst. building a stable for the Rev. John Collinson, he
had occasion to break a blue whin stone, and in the
centre he discovered a small cavity, in which was a live
spider with several young ojies ! The stone and spider
are now in the possession of the Rev. John Collinson^
vJho, we understand, has taken them with him to his
house in Kibblesworth, in the county of Durham. — Ber-
wick Advertiser.

Meteorological stone. A Finland journal gives an ac-
count of a singular stone in the north of Fnland, where
it answeis the purpose of a public barometer. On the
approach of rain, this stone assumes a black or dark grey
color, and when the weather is inclined to be fair, it is
covered all over with white specks. This stone is, in all
probability, an argillous rock, containing a portion of
rock-salt, ammonia or saltpetre, and absorbing more or
less humidity, in proportion as the atmosphere is more or
less charged with it. In the latter case , the saline parti-
cles, becoming chrystalized, are visible to the eye as
white specks.

[There are several kinds of flagging stone on our streets
that undergo similar changes, and never fail to indicate
a change of weather. — Ed. J^. ¥. Gaz.]

Temperance Convention. A Convention of Delegates
from the Temperance Societies in Nova Scotia, was late-
ly held at Halifax, N. S. The Delegates, stating that
they represented 14,000 people, presented an address to
their new Governor, Campbell, requesting his co-oper-
ation in tlieir efforts. In answer, he assured them they
should be given most heartily. He remarked that he
had " reason to believe that many individuals had indulg-
ed in intemperance, who were not before addicted to that
vice, under the mistaken idea that it would guard them
against the epidemic [the cholera] which has proved so

VOt. XHI. STO. 18.

AND IIQJITICULTURAL JOURNAL.

(iestructive in Halifiix ; but it is to be )iopcd that tliose
who have escaped will now be convinced that Temper-
ance is the best and only antidote against all diseases, as
weil as most irreg-iilarities." — Cciitiiicl.

irdl done IVetliersjield girls! We have of'en heard
of the industry and activity of the Wethersfield ladies
among the onions, but nothing quite equal to the follow-
ing, which was communicated to us a few days since by
a gentleman of Uiat town, as a matter of fact, "A few
dayssince, two young ladies of this town put up seven
hundred bunches of oniuns in one day. One hundred and
fifty is an ordinary day's work for a female."— //urt/ort"
liericir.

143

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV

J^'tated moelin^ of ihis .S„ciely. will be held al tlierrliall in

Market sireel, on Salur.loy ilic sixih of December, mil o'clock

"'»•■ '°^- ROBERT T. PAINE, Rec. Sec'y.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

Corrected with great care, weekly.

AGRICULTURISTS ATTEND!

" Have respect nnio all llnn^s. hold lasl that which is ffood "
1 he bub.scr.ber has brought lo Ihis markel. a new variety of
FiiUiloes, which have t»o good propcriies. viz. ; ihev are ex-
ceedingly produclive, and are excelleni li.r llie tablj — Thev
have been planted but Ibur years, an. I l>„m two polalces have
I pr.,ducedyow7..«, ;„»,,/,,.,/ h„slxeU. To be loui.d al Brintn.er's
Store, oil the T wharl, Boston.

, » TU K „ MOSES HEALY.

, I he above Potatoes originated from the Island of St

"'''°""- Nov. 12.

NOTICE.
Grek.n House FR.4MiiS and SashSs,— about five hundred
T%'X''-\'T-i^^^°^r qiiantily of pots. For sale. Auply lo G.
L-. l..\l>.-iLi I , N. i,. Farmer Office. Nov. 12.

BROADCLOTHS AND CASSIMERES at very
reduced prices.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, No. -lU Washington Street
Iia5 received a large assortment of superfine and common
LSroadcloths, purchased al the auctions in New Ycnk and Bos-
ton, which he will sell by the piece or yard, at urices as low as
they can be purchased of the importer or maim'bicturer by the
bale. Among them are the following shades of colors' and
qualities, VIZ. :

Superfine, Fine, and Common Black Broadcloths.

WILLIS'S STRAW CUTTING MACHINE.

For Sale al the Agricultural Warehouse., Nos. 61 & 5"
North Markel street, Bo»ton. Just received a fresh supply o]
the above truly valuable and useful machine. The simpli'eitv
o( Its construction, the great ease and despatch with which the
work IS performed, the little probability ofits getting out ofor-
der, and the fact thai one man can operate it. (which is not the
case with any other macliine now in use,) gives it a decided
preference over any other, and strongly recommends it,elf to
all who are disposed lo use their Ibdd'er lo the best ad»antao-e.

Hundreds who have used it, have given conclusive testimo'nv
ot Us value. One gentleman, (Mr. A. Shelden, of Beverly")
asserts that he makes a clear saving of one third by using it

Nov. 12. .^ & •

FRUIT TREES.

Orn,4Mental TREES, and PLANTS &c
Nursery of WILLIAM KENRICK, in
Newton, Mass. b^miks from Bosion by the

. — . Western Avenue, and \ a mile from the Worces

ter Rail Road.

This establishment now compactly covers IS acres, and
comprises the selections of the finest kinds of Pears, Apples
Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Apricots. Almonds'
(Juinces, Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries'
and Mulberries, including the Chinese Mulberry, or MoRus
MuLTlCAULis, so celebrated lor silk; Strawberries. Figs, &c.
No pains, no labor, or expense has been spared, in obtainiiiij
;he mo5l celebrated varieties.which have here been congregated
rom divers climates and latitudes, and from first-rate sources
—selections adapted;io every seclion of the Union. The Or-
laniental Trees and Plants alone, comprise one thousand va-
;ieties, the most beautiful kinds known; these incluile Horse
3hesnuts^ Weeping Willows, Calalpas, Mouniain \Ai, Ailan-
hus or Tree of Heaven, Scotch Larch. .Silver Firs, Venetian
Sumach, Altheas, Snowballs, Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c.— Su-
)erb China and Hartly Roses. Herbaceous Flowerini-' Plants
?Eeonies, and splendid Double Dahlias. " '

Gentlemen are respectfully invited to 'forward their orders
m-lij. — Early in Autumn, being an excellent season for trans-
ilanting. Addressto WILLIAM KENRICK. Newton, Mass.
frees. &c. delivered in Boston without charge for transporta-
ion, Ibey are selected and labelled with due precaution and
are; and when ordered ihence, they are suitably packed, and
Drwarded to their deslinalion, by land or sea. Or onlers will
eceive the same attention if left with Geo. C. B.irrett
^ho is agent, al his seed store and New England Farmer
)ffice, Nos. ol & .32, North Market Streel, Boston. Cala-
Jgues gratis on application. net 1

do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do

do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do

do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do

Blue do

Green do

Russell Brown do
Claret do do
Spanish Fly do
Invisible green do
Drake neck do
Jlulberry do

Steel mixed do

Also— Ladies' Cloths for Habits, &c.
40 pieces Cassinieres, of colors and qualities suitable forchif
dren s wear.
Also— 25 pieces striped, blue, mixed, &c. Sallinets.

6t Nov. 12.

■WHITE DUTCH CLOVER.

..i"'."*-o'iT,''''T'li""' '"' '"'''• =" "'<> ^''''' England Seed Store
SI (fc o2 North Markel street —

1000 lbs. White Dulch Clover in prime order, and far supe-
rior 10 American Seeds, at reduced prices. .sep 3

SEEDS, Cfor fall sowing)

For Sale, at the New England Seed Store, connected
with the N. E. Farmer office, 51 & 52 North Market street or

White Portugal Onion Seed— Silver Skin, do.— Fall 13
Prickly Spinach— Black Spanish or Winter Radish— Celery
&c. &-C. „„„ •"

BLACK CURRANT WINE.

A FEW Bottles of this wine, so highly esteemed by all ac-
qiiaiuied with its medicinal properties, just received by Geo
C. Barrett, 51 and 52 North .Market street. au" 13

COCKSPUR THORNS.

A few bushels of Seeds or Berries of this celebrated Thorn
from the farm of Jno. Prince, Esq of Jamaica Plains for sale
l.y GEO. C. BARRETT, New England Seed Store. Price
gS.OO per bushel. ^p 09

Apples, russets,

Beans, while,

Beef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) . '. '
Butter, inspected. No. 1 , new,

Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, . . .
Feathers, northern, geese,. .
southern, geese, . .
r LAX, American,. ...

Flaxseed, ! ". .'

Flouk, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir. .
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Ale.\andria,

Grain, Corn, norlhern yellow,. .
southern yellow, . .

white,

Rye, Northern, . . . .

Barley,

Oats, Norlhern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, . . . '.

Hard pressed, ....'.

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (new) ! ! . ]

2d quality , . ! *

Lard, Boston, 1st son, . . . .

Southern, Isi son, . . .
Leather, Slaughter, sole, '. . '.
„ " upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . .
" upper, . .

Philadelphia, sole, . '.
Baltimore, sole, .
Lime, best sort . .

Pork, Mass. inspec.,extraclear

Navy, Jless,. ... ' '
Bone, middlings, . "

Seeds, Herd's Grass, (none) '. '.
Red Top, norlhern, . . ',
Red Clover, norlhern.

While Dutch Honeysuckle
rALLOW, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4.ihs do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4- and common
Native washed, ....
- C Pulled superfine, .
J-c I Isl Lambs, . . .
£|<!2d " ...

o a. I 3d '' ...

^ ( 1st Spinning, . . .
.•Sonthern pulled wool is generally
5 cU. less per lb.

pound

pound
bushel
harrel

oushel

ton

tt

gallon
pound

pound

n

lb.

pound

lb.

pound
ii

cask
barrel

75

SPLENDID BULBOUS ROOTS.

This day received direct from Holland, a splendid collection
of Double uitd single Hyacinths. Polvanthos, Narcissus.
double and single Jokquills. Crown Imperial Crokus'
Gladiqlus of sorls, Frittelleras Amaryllis &c

GEO. C. BARRETT.
Neut England Seed Store

PROVISION MARKET
retaij, prices.
Hams, northern, ....'... , pound

southern,

Pork, whole hogs,

Poultry

Butter, (tub)

lump,

g«<^-'' .' . I dozen

P^'^^'^OES, bushel

Ciper, (new.) j barrel

10

9

64

17
23
20
50
2 60

13,000 PEACH TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of (orming orchards of the Peach tree
re now oflered a capital selection of the finest kinds
Apply lo WlLLl.AM KENRICK, NeiMon. oct 1

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES.

The subscriber is now prepared to receive orders for trees
irlall setting out, ami the best attention will be paid to oiders
V mail or otherwise. Catologues to be had gratis upon ap-
'"^^'i""- GEO. C. BARRETT.

NOTICE TO HORTICULTURISTS.

A new plan for labelling Plants, Trees and Flowers, which
will be found valuable for durability and con\'enience has in-
duced the Subscriber lo propose to fiirnish ZINC LABELS
with the name of the Tree. Plant or Flower desired, so written
upon it as to defy lime to obiili rale it. Those who wish lo be
lurnished with themwill send a list of such names as are want-
ed. The Zinc Tickets written upon will be furnished al from
gl to SI. .50 per 100. Try them.

"■•S GEO. C. BARRETT.

BREMEN GEESE.

For sale, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese by

GEORGE C. BARRETT.

BUCKTHORNS.

For sale by GEO. C. BARRETT a few thousand Buck-
lliorns, thrifty and of good size. ocl. 15.

BRIGHTON MARKET.-Monday, Nov. 10 J834
Reported for the Dad)' Ailverliger and Palriot.
j Al markel about 4500 cattle, say 3C00 beef catlle and 1500

' '^K'^fiooT ''"^''P' ^"'' "°° ^"■'"'=- S^'-"=' lo's Sheep and
about 200 Swine were reported last. week.

Prices. Reef Caltle—Foim,-r' prices were hardly sup-
ported, we noticed a lot taken at prices over S5, inc"luding
some extraordinary fine; we quote prime at 4 50 a 5; good at
4 a 4 25 ; cows ac3 50a4 2o.

Barrellins Cattle.— Lots were generally taken at prices less
than last week; our quotations will vary accordingly; by
mess 3 Ob a 3 88; No 1,3 17 a 3 38; No. 2,2 84. '

'"'"Va ,^,X'"'l}^"S^ e a 8; two years old ^9 a 15; three
years old glS a 25. •- ,

.«;„,.;,.-_ Dull, middling qualities al 1 42. 1 50, I 58; better
qualiues 1 7o, 1 88 and 2 ; wethers. 2 25, 2 50 and 2 76 ; a lot
of cossets at about g-i each.

Swine— On^ hi half barrows al 4 1-2 and a boiinly ; one lot
at 4 1-4 lor sows, and 5 1-2 for barrows ; and one ar3 3-4 and
4 3-4 at retail; t 1-2 for sows and 5 1-2 for barrows— those
weighing under 70, 5 and fi.

^^^■^''.''''""■—ThenumheT of cattle last week should have been
5j00, instead of the number reported.

144

NEW EiNGLAND FARMER.

NOVEMBER 12, 1834.

loS^CELLANY.

THE WINTER KING.

BY MISS H. F. GOULD.

O ! WHAT will become of Ihee, poor liule bird ?
The mullcring slorm in ihe dislaiu-e is liear.l ;
Tl.e rougli winds are waking, Ihe clouds growing black ;
They'll soon scalier snow flakes all over iliy back !
From whal sunny clime hasl thou wantlcred away ?
And whal an Ihou doing Ihis cold winier da^ ?
I'm picking Ihe gum from Ihe old ])each Iree—
The slorm does'nl Irouble me ! Pee, dee, dee.
Bui, what makes thee seem so unconscious of care 1
The brown earlh is frozen, the branches are bare :
And how canst thou be so light hearted and free,
Like Liberty's form with the spirit of glee,
When no place is near for thy evening rest,
No leaf for thy screen, for thy bosom no nosl?
Because the same hand is a shelter for me.
That took off the summer leaves— Pee, dee, dee.
But, man feels a burden of care and of grief,
While pluckiug the cluster, and binding the sheaf I
In summer we faint, in the winter we're chilled,
With ever a void that is yet to be filled.
We lake from the ocean, the earth and the air,
Yet, all their rich gifts do nol silence our care.
A very small portion sufficient will be,
' Ifsweelened with gratitude! Pee, dee, dee.

I Ihank thee, bright monitor I what thou hast taught
Will oft be the theme of the happiest thought.
We look at the clouds— while the bird has an eye
To Him who reigns over Ihem, changeless and high.
And now, litlle hero, just tell me thy name.
That I may be sure whence my oracle came.
Because in all weather Pm merry and free,
They call me the Winter King— Pee, dee, dee. ■
But, soon there 11 be ice weighing down the light boogh
On which thou art flitting so playfully now ;
And, though there's a vesture well filled and warm.
Protecting the rest of thy delicate form,
What, then, will thou do with U.y little bare feel.
To save ihem from pain, 'mid the frost and the sleel ?
I can draw them right up in my feathers, you see !
To warm them, and fly away ! Pee, dee, dee !

Flam thi' Vermont J'liccnix.
THE TEETH.
As men advance in civilization ami refinement
tlie teetli l)ecome objects of increasing solici-
tnile ; tlieir beautiful formation, snuiKiness and
symmetrical arran;?enient are viewed witli pleas-
ure, as materially adding to the beauty of the
countenance, ami thereby greatly i)romoting the
power i.r pleasing. It is evident enough to every
reflecting mind, that many diseases of these useful
and ornamental organs result from causes wilhm
the power of individual vigilance to prevent.
More than half the defective teeth, and the excru-
ciating pain they produce, may justly he attribu-
ted to parental negligence and the thoughtlessness
of individuals themselves. Many parents who
manifest the greatest solicitude in training their
children to habits of physical and moral iiurity,
nef'lect to teach them to wash the teeth and cleanse
the moiiili, the very citadel of hcalthfulness or im-
purity. This parental forgetfuliiess often entails
upon their offspring years of personal sufleriug and
distress. Any one who inakes no attempt tu keep
his teeth clean and his mouth pure, certainly be-
trays great negligence of character, and may per-
haps without injustice be suspected of not pos-
sessing a taste for cleanliness and delicacy. It is
«f the tjrst importance that children should be

early taught the necessity and benefits of l-ersonal
neatness, for there is a much stronger and closer
connexion between external ck-anrmess and inter-
nal purity than is generally imagined. The one is|
Ihe natural e.xpression of the other, and tln;y im-
part to each other nintnal beauty and sireiiglh.

To keep the teeth clean and free from all impu-
rities is indispensid.le to their soundness and good
I appearance. Most people snfier the particles of
'food, and other offending materials which are
constantly collecting about them to remain ; this
favors the production and activity of those causes
which effect their ruin. Whatever, therefore, is
best suited to keep these instruments clean, is also
best suited to prevent their tliscoloration and de-
cay. Whoever has been accustomed to the luxn-
ry'of a clean mouth and teeth, feels the want of this
refreshment as strongly and enjoys it as highly
as the friend of the bath does a pure skin.

We every day meet with people who mean to
be neat, tmd who have the satisfaction of imagin-
in.' they are so— and vet they neither bathe the
sktn no'r rinse the mouth! Their standtu-d of
physical purity must he very low, for how can
neatness consist with a neglected surface and
mouth ? Some young persons, who are pleasing
and estimable in other respects, seem to have no
idea of the unpleasant effect which the sordid state
of their teeth must have on their acquaintance and
associates. To see the bloom and freshness of
youth in connexion with filthy and impure teelh,
and an offensive breath, arising altogether from a
total neglect of the mouth, is grossly incongruous
if not disgusting.

The teeth cannot be kept clean without denti-
frice and a tooth-brush. The brush with which
the tooth powder is to be applied should be siitti-
ciently large and firm, and the hairs not too close-
ly placed. One reason for prsferring hard brushes
is that they become softer by use, and another is,
that if not pretty stiff they are not firm enough to
clean the teeth thoroughly. Having prov ided our-
selves with the tooth powder and brush, the next
inquiry is how are they to be used ? The moiiih
should be rinsed with cold water, and the brush
dipped into it before the powder is used. A
inianlity of the powder should then be taken up
mi the end of the brush and applied to every part
of each tooth, not only to the anterior surface of
the front teeth, but the brush covered with the
dentifrice should be successively applied to the
inner surfaces of the upper and lower teeth
and also to their ends. The last motions
of the hrtish should be carried downward m
the direction of their length. This serves to elon-
gate the gum, and to spread its points more ele-
gantly over the enamel.

Perhaps the best time for using the tooth-pow-
,l,.r is in the morning, after breakfast, and in most
cases this should be done every day. In addition
to this we should be careful to cleanse the mouth
with the brush and water, or to rinse it with wa-
ter only, after every meal, and this should bo par-
liculariy attended to before going to rest— other-
wise the foulness which is too often permitted to
accumulate through the whole day cannot be pre-
vented from committing its ravages during the

The same grateful and refreshing sensations
which result from bathing the surface of the body,
as I have already remarked, arise also from a prop-
er attention to the month. No one who neglects
the latter, can be said to be personally neat ; nor

can any one who omits this necessary attention to
himself to the annoyance of others, justly expect
any voluntary, unbought attention liom them.
Saxton's tillage, Oct. 1834. K-

HINTS AND RECEIPTS.

Nothing is so good to take down swellings, as a
soft poultice of stewed white beans, put on in a
thin muslin bag, and renewed every hour or two.

The thin white skin, which comes from suet, is
excellent to bind up the feet for chilblains. Rub-
bing with Castile soap, and afterwards with honey, .
is ifkewise highly recommended. 13ul to cure the
chilblains efl'eciually, they must be attended to of-
ten, and for a long time.

Always apply diluted laudanum to fresh wounds.

A poultice of elder blow tea and biscuit is good

as a preventive to mortification. TJie a)iproa(di of

mortification is generally shown by the formation

of blisters filled with blood ; water blisters are not

ulariniiig.

When people have a sore mouth, from taking
calomel, or any other cause, tea made of low bla.k-
berry leaves is extremely beneficial— /ruga/ House-
icife.

jj^MMtimmTiiiiiwi III "^^^^^|^j?!l^"'^'""*' "

^TlNNiEAN^ARBEN AND NURSERIES.

FluM„r,.„ear New Yorlc-Wyi. PRINCE &, SOINS have
iust published ihcirA™ Catuloffue mth great ij red,,cedp-ices
Application Ihenfor, and all oiders, luusl be s^nl direct to
tiem per mail. The Fruit Trees are ot the largest size lo,
iransplaniing, and suitable for Orchards lo come promptly m-
o bearing. Ol the superior new Flemish Pears, and o her
new vara'ies, the trees are 3 lo 4 years bum the gralt, and ,n
the most vigorous slale, as are also'ihe German varieiies ol
Apples, Ch?rries, Plums and Peaches, which are so we 1 cal-
culated for a northern climale ; Ornamental I rees and Flower-
i.rShiubs can be kiniished of the largest size worth Ireblc
1? price of small ones, as several years are thus gained ui
embellisliinenls. In fact those who wish very superior 1 rees
can be assured of receiving such as cannot lail to give them
satisfaction ; the immense stock on hand, f >'"<";!: '^'■"''■;;''^
ofmakln.-sutierior selections. The collections o Irardy !• lou-
ei" PI mts. Green House Plants, ami liulbous Flower Roots,
havJ been enriched with all the new vaxieties, which m{- oHei-
ed at very low prices. The assortme.ns ot Roses and Double
Ualilias comprise all the splendid new varieties, and each
col hciion occupies an acre of gromid.-A great disc, i.
is tnade on both these classes of flowers, and Splendid
Dahlias are supplied at gS, S^i a'"' ftb P" 'lo^f'b "cl,
root a distinct liamed variety ; Chinese «'' '^'.'y '■'., »'';',"^
Mulilcai.ilis, at M pet dozen p^ P" ^i '^^^^"2;, ' ■"
tawba Wimie. or Buck, and Alexander Grapes, at JJJ I'"
.lo./nnor 820 1)61 100; Supcrior Lancashire Gooseberries, as
so ted at^isier' dozen, o^ S20,,er 100; Fine Red Raspber-
ries SG per 100. Where so desired, selections will be made
ol the ntost hardy kinds of Fruit and Ornamental 1 rees and
Plants -suited lo a northern climate, and the situation ol our
Niirser'ies, which are in a lof.y and open '^'■P^^"'^''^"^%ll'^^
trees parficnlarlv har.ly. The assortment of Garden, Field.
and Fewer Seeds is unrivalled in extent, and forms a compleic
concentration of the choicest varieties known in hurope and
this counlry, and having been raised under our own mspeclion
or .'rown evpressly for us by our correspondents, we expressly
guarantee their excellence and accuracy, and we ask no r^^ -
mem where they do not prove exactly as represenied, i he
Catalogue coniains many new and very ^"P""'.' Z%"="'\"1
vegetable and Flower Seeds, and among' the • leld Seeds are
Superior Provence Luzerne, White Dutch Clover, Pacey s
nemn ial Rve Grass, New Italian do. Early Atigus and Hope-
fow, Oats, English Potato Oats weighing 44 lbs. per bushel.
Orchard Grass, Tall Oats Grass, f nfolium incaina turn or
Firlv Crimson Clover, Burnel, &c. Also, 100 bushels I ay-
b,r's Forly fold, or Crimson Nonsuch Potato which is now
laUi'ag precedence of all oihcrs in England, and 50 bushel, Po-
alo Onions. Vendcr.s ol Seeds will be supplied at very low
ues and a credit lo suit their convenience. \\ here a large
n mber of Trees. .<tc. are wanted, a discount will be made arid
n credit allowed if desired, and lo Nurseries the terms will lit
eveiv respect be made favorable. Every invoice emana tns
from us has our printed heading and signature, ano "one^oil.^eri
jire 'rnarnnlced. . ■ ^^^^m^m^mmwti^^— "^"^

~ ^rllE NBW^AGL,AND PARMElt

Is nublishcl every Wednesday Evening, at p per ann.in
na^ble al the crd ol the year-but those vvho pay wi
sixty dajs from the time ol subsciib,iig,aicenlitlcd lo a dedu

''7lJ^No%pe"'will be scntto a distance without payme

beins made in advance.

Pnaled lor Geo. C. Bakrett by Foku 6. LiAMiiti-

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse.)— T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

l^OL. XIH.

BOSTON, AVEDNESI5AY EVENING, NOVEMBER 19, 1834.

NO. 19.

COMMUNICATION.

For the New Engliind Farmer.
CONSTRUCTION OP HOUSES, &e.

Mr. Editor — Sir, In this day of rapid impiove-
neiit ill almost every useful art, have any vaUiahIp
iiscdveries been made in the mode of coiistructinj;
loiisis ; especially, in the method of covering the
■oof and outside walls ? Is there any manner rt-
:ently invented, in any part of our country, of sr-
uriiii; the roof and outside walls of houses, equally
ilegaiit and durable, and at the same time, far less
ixpensive than the ordinary way ? In respect to
his certainly much room for useful iniprovemeiit
'eniaiiis.

To throw before the public briejly in your paper,
he fii'ts, discoveries, and information, which lie
vithiii the scope of your wide vision, in regard tu
his subject, be assured, will oblige one, interest
naiiy, and unquestionably profit some of your
•eadeivs. InquiRER.

By the Editor. The topics for investigatii^ii
ibove suggested are of very great importance, and
iliall receive our particular attention as soon as
)re-eiigagements will permit. In the mean time
/ve should be happy to publish any remarks of
lorrespondents who wish to enjoy "the luxury of
|eing good" by coutribiiling to our columns what-
!ver may be useful to the above mentioned branch
(f ec-iinomy.

STEAM.

The Sailor, long the pride and boast of the
Jritish Nation, to whom we owe our prosperity
lud wealth, he who, when we are safely lodged
rom the threatening storm, is ploughing the trea«li-
irous ocean in a fragile bark, and perishing with
hirst, although surrounded by the tempting ele-
nent he so much craves, but to drink which would
jrove his ruin, will hear with heartfelt joy and
'ratitude that a means is now attained to render
>ure and profitable the foaming wave. We live
n extraordinary times ! little did our ancestors
magine that a power so latent as steam would be-
joine the grand agent in promoting the comfort of
man, and increasing the wealth of Great Britain.
[t is by steam our rapid intercourse with distant
parts is promoted ; our most extensive and bene-
ficial manufactories are carried on by steam ; our
corn is ground by the same agent; our food pre-
pared and dressed ; and " strange, though not more
strange than true," our brave sailors may now be
supplied with pure and wholesome water from the
briny ocean by the same great minister to humun
comforts. These observations have been induced
from witnessing, on Monday last, Mr. Well's Pa-
tent Apparatus for depriving sea water not only of
its saline properties, but of rendering it potable,
pure and wholesome. By this machine, a con-
•tant stream of pure and wholesome water is ob-
tained from the sea without cost or trouble. We
frankly confess our former scepticism on this sub-
ject was great ; but our doubts have been removed
by witnessing the process ; its simplicity is admir-
able, and its results most important and satisfac-
tory. The small machine which we witnessed at
Will k on Monday was calculateil to cook for 60
persons, and also to produce, in twelve hours, 100

g.illons of excellent, pure and wljolooine waor
without extra fuel. — jYav. fy Military Gaz. Aug. 30.

From Lomhn's Gardener's Magazine.
AVATER -WORKS.
Thames Water. John Martin, Esq. the cideliral-
ed artist proposed a plan for supplying London
with pure water from the river Colne, and this he
considers the best ; but, lest it should be foiMid in-
superably objectionable, he submits a second phiii,
which is that of" preventing the discharge of any
sewer into the Thames above Millbauk, or perhaps
Neat House Gardens, and keeping back the ascend-
ing tide at the same spot. The water above will
ihen be the pure river water ; and from this the
metropolis may be supplied by engines in the usual
way." The ascending tide he proposes to keep
back by a strong dain or weir, which might be
built of cast iron, in Deeble's manner, across the
river, and have, at each end of It, two locks for
the passage of vessels. To prevent the foul
tide water from overflowing above the weir, the
following ingenious contri»aiice, on the prin-
ciple of the common bull-cock, and that of the
self-acting sluice invented by the late Mr. Biamah,
is suggested. " There must be contrived a stioii<{
leaf, suspended by proper hinges, and made buoy-
ant, as soon as the water rises to it, by means of a
copper tube, air and watertight, affixed to its lower
edge. The tide, in ascending, will begin to raise
iliia leaf as soon as ;• attains a higher level than
that of the weir, and will thus be the means o(
barring itself out. The leaf, when raised quite up,
will be supported against the weight of water by
leaning against the pillars which rise from the weir
and sustain the bridge above it, should such bridge
be thought a desirable addition to the plan. As
the tide ebbs, the leaf will, of course, fall gradually
with it; and the waters which have been accumu-
lated meantime above the weir will discharge
themselves over the dam. By thus diverting the
sewers from the river above Chelsea, and prevent-
ing the foul tide water from rising beyond that
mark, the river, for miles up, might be considered
as one grand reservoir of water, wiiich, if not so
pure as that of the Colne, would assuredly be far
purer than any with which Loudon is at present
supplied."

Mr. Ainger, an architect, in submitting a differ-
ent plan, concludes with the following words : —
" Plans of improvement, even the most reasonable
and obvious, require to be made public many
years before their advantages and difficulties are
fully and generally appreciated. I submit this,
therefore, in a somewhat immature condition, for
the purpose of eliciting that discussion by which,
if it be worth notice, its usefulness and practica-
bility can alone be determined, and its ultimate
success promoted."

MINERAIiOGY IN HANCOCK CO., MAINE.

The Hancock Advertiser has an article under
this caption, in which there are some interesting
ilen)3. The Advertiser says — " The finest granite
found in the United States, is situated in the towns
of Bluehill and Sullivan ; and beneath an immense
quarry in the former place, is supposed to lie a
bed of Bituminous Coal. There has also been

ruMiid several beds of iron ore, one of wIjIcIi at
Bass Harbor, Mt. Desert, has been pronounced tbe
most valuable in the United States, perhaps in the
world, the ore containing from 70 to 75 per cent,
of pure iron. We have a specimen in our office,
of the iron, as also of the coal from Bluehill. We
have also found specimens of several minerals in
different parts of the county, which indicate a vol-
canic action, particularly about Mt. Desert and
Bluehill mountains. Sulphtiret of iron exists in
large quantities in various places. Plumbago, lead
and silver, are also said to have been found in
Bluehill and vicinity." — Portland Mvertiser.

From Fessenden's New American Gardener.
GARDENER'S WORK.
JSTovtmber. Gather from your garden, before the
the hard frosts commence, all those fruits of your
labors which you wish to preserve through the
winter, not forgetting winter squashes. Take up
and preserve cabbages. Preserve your celery.
You may gather a part in dry weather, and pack
it in boxes in dry sand, and place the boxes in a
warm cellar, leaving the tops and leaves open to
the air. Those cabbage and cauliflower plants
which you mean shall stand through the winter in
frames, should, during the continuance of mild
weather, be allowed every advantage of free air,
to inure ihcni, by degrees, to bear cold. T;ike the
glasses off entirely in the warm part of the day,
but nlu •" them on again at night, and in wet or
cold werther. If your b.-ets, turnips, parsneps. &c.
are not secured, take them up and preserve them.
You may now sow the seeds of rhubarb, sea-kale,
skiripts, parsneps, and many other kinds, which
are somewhat slow in vegetating, and they will
come forward early, and grow vigorously in the
spring. In the beginning of this month, you may
manure and trench the ground which is intended
for early crops, and if it be of a stiff, heavy nature,
lay it up in ridges to receive the benefit of the
winter frosts. You may now sow early peas, to
come up in the spring, if you can preserve them
against mice. This is, perhaps, as eligible a pe-
riod as any for the planting of apple-trees, and
other fruit-trees, or sowing seeds in a nursery.
Lay light litter of some kind a good thickness over
the roots of the more tender and choice kinds of
trees and shrubs, to protect them from frost.

December. The severity of the weather in this
month generally allows but little to be done in the
Middle and Northern States. Should the seaso«
permit, you may perform any of the operations
directed for last month, which remain unfinished.
If the weather continues open, carry out and
spread manure, and trench the ground, as directed
lor the last month. Provide from the woods, &c.
pea-sticks and bean-poles, of suitable lengths and
sizes. Collect all your old sticks and poles, which
are still fit for use, and place them together with
your new ones under cover, to prevent their rot-
ting. Be careful to shut the frost out of the apart-
ments in which you have stored your fruit for
winter and spring use. Examine the fruit which
you have on shelves in cellars, once every ten days,
and take away any that you find tainted. Repair
all decayed trellises, espaliers, &c. Procure .stakes
&c. which may be wanted in a more busy season.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOVEMBER 19, i -34

From Ihe Franltlin Mercury
PUMPKIN APPI^E SAUCE.

To all hot,s.=wives— all Whig wives-Antimason's
wives, Working.Tien's wives, and all other goo.l
wives— and to all that hope ever to he wives-
Greeting:

Know ye, that I have an especial comnnmica-
tion to make to you, touching a certain article oi
manufacture, wherein you have or ought to have
a great regard.

Be not alarmed fair reader. I am not going to
lecture you upon your corsets, curls or custards ;
busts, bonnets or butter; gowns, gingerbread or
o-ravy ; stays, stocking or starch ; nor upon any
In'ra'remtnts or non engaecmtnts of your village—
noT any other petty scandal— political or matrimo-
nial of the times. But what I am going to tell you
about is a plain, simple, matter of fact recipe, /or
making: two bushels of apple sauce out of one bushd
of apples :— alias, for converting good yellow pump-
kins of the field into right good apple sauce as ever
was eat — to wit : . .

Take a good ripe pumpkin, pare and slice it in-
to pieces as nearly resembling quarters of apples
as you can ; stew the pumpkin thus prepared in a
sufficient quantum of boiled cider to cover it, for
about 30 minutes— then add a quantity of apples
pared and quartered equal to the pumi.kin. Stew
the whole for 30 minutes longer, and it is done,
all .'ood apple sauce as ever graced the tabic of the
President of the United States— or the President
of a bank— or a Mrs. President of a knitting socie-
ty.

Fair reader do you believe it? then do as I
have done, try it. It is an old saying that '•' the
proof of the pudding is in eating." For as the

poet says,

" I've eat, and sure I ought lo know."

If you please, do as my wife did, good creature,
knowiu" I was a ftimous lover of good hot ajiple
sauce. A dish " hot from the pot" of the afore-
said (.umpkin and apple sauce was brought on
the table. Wife, said I, (and I was perfectly igno-
rant and honest too, qualities which do not al-
ways go together in these days, like yoke fellows)
wife, what excellent apple sauce you have here,
(and I helped myself lustily the second tiuie. Soon
she began to pucker as Maj. Downing would say,
and soon the whole female department were in a tit-
ter 1 stared and the more they laughed. The more
I blushed (what 1 dont often do) and they were in
testacies. At length I was relieved and the whole
secret was revealed, which was that the apple
sauce that I had so much praised, by word and by
practice, was bona fida, one-half pumpkin.

Now my fair friends, (and 1 hope all the ladies
are my friends) all misses and mistresses, damsels
young and matrons wise, if you have al^y ajiple
sauce loving children or husbands, whom ybu wish
to please, or hope to have, (and in this las( respect
you have my best wishes for your success) to all
such in these days, when apples are scarce and
high, I would say try the foregoing recipe, and if
you are not successful and satisfied too that I am
a great benefactor to the apple saiice tub, then you
may call your obedient servant a pumpkin head.

CoRBUS Yerks.
Bernardston, JVow.18 34.

The Date Palm-tree — has been planted with suc-
cess in Georgia. A branch has lately been exhib-
ited in Savannah containing about 200 dates of a
-;.K onlden color.

EXPERIMESiT ON THE CW1.TUKE OF PO-
TATOES.

The following is from the transactions of the
Highland Society of Scotland :

it will be objected to the system of planting
largo potatoes, that if we gain a greater weight of
produce, we have previously put a greater weight
of plants into the ground. But the additional
weight of the jilaiits bears only a small propor-
tion to the additional produce ; had it been other-
wise I should not have deemed the experiment
worth reporting. The fact is, that the additional
produce when large tubers are exclusively chosen
for planting, may amount to two or three times
the whole weight of the plants.

I have been enabled to turn the result of the
above experiment to account, in extending to cul-
ture in the field, an early variety of the potato,
which I got in 182C.

In that year I imrchased for trial small quanti-
ties of several varieties ol potatoes, recommended
each for some particular quality, and announced
for sale by a seedsman. I did not find any of i
these worthy of being continued in cultivation,
excepting an early one with which I got no name.
It ri|)ens about a month before the white kidney,
has a very good flavor for the table, and preserves
its good qualities after being pitted through the
winter, a thing not common in early varieties. Its
imperfections when I first got it, were, that the
tubers were small and weight of crop inferior,
which although, not making it objectionable as an
early garden potato for the table, unfitted it for
field culture for the cattle.

As in this county (upper district of Aberdeen-
shire) our common field varieties of the potato are
liable to have their tops smitten by incidental
hoar frosts in the months of August and Septem-
ber, before they are fully ripened, and thus to be
much deteriorated in quality, and often rendered
deficient in quantity, it occurred to ine that il
niight be an object worth attaining, to increase the
size and produce of this early potato by the mean?
indicated by the above experiments ; when, il'
this could be done, we should have a good keep-
ing potato adapted for field culture, and ripening
early enough to escape the frost. /

By a careful selection of only the largest tubers
for plants, for a succession of years, this object
has now been satisfactorily accomplished ; and for
the last two years the half of my field potatoes,
raised for the cattle and poultry has been of this
variety, and has given a weight of produce, ripen-
ing very early, scarcely, if at all inferior to that ot
any other variety formerly in cultivation in this
neighborhood.

Mford, September 26th, 1833.

HOPS.
Our friend Upton, of the Bangor Courier, talks
quite largely of the dollars actually on band, from
the culture of this plant, in the region round about
the far-famed city of the East. Now, we have to
assure the farmers hereabouts, that if Hops will
flourish on the Penobscot, they will flourish well
in this section. And if Mr. Upton saw $8000
worth at one time, and in passing through one
street, why may not he of the Sentinel record a
similar sight in the course of a very few years ?
No good reason exists, why he may not, and he
hopes the Quoddy farmers will plant sufficient
patches the next season, to ascertain whether they
can profitably raise for export. — Eastport Sentinel.
Ql/='So do we — every good reason exists why

the culture of this plant, which is indiginons *
our soil, should engage the serious atteinion o
farmers. Our State can supply the v\nrld wit!
the article, at any rate can completely nmnopoliz
the home market. The Quoddy farmers need on
ly go into some of the cedar swamps iiiul cut the!
poles this fall, and then plant sufficient acres — m
patches, friend Sentinel — to test the (\u. -non <
profit. — Bangor Courier.

From the New York Farmer.
COW HOUSES.
Among the objects of inattention by fiirmers
suitable covering ibr cattle in winter, particular
cows. Generally among farmers they suflur fro
too much exposure to cold and wet ; and amoi
milkmen in and near cities from want of pure ai
wholesome air. The following is from the Edi
burgh Quarterly Journal of Agriculture.

Cow houses for dairy cows ought to be

or 12 feel high in the side wall, and proj

apertures in the wall, and no loft over 1

cows, that they may breathe abundance of who

some air. Animals so large and well fed as da

cows, whose lungs are capacious, ought to hi

abundance of free air, as breathing of foul air

injurious to them, especially when many of th

are placed in one cow house. Cows do not

quire much heat, so that they are kept dry ;

much fresh air cannot be given them. All c

houses, and the roads into them ought to be v

paved and kept clean, ns the etfiuvia of dung

urine cannot fail to injure cattle; and it is a gi

advantage to cows that they be well cleaned i

cr.rried with a comb and brush once every d

Where thin flag stones can be procured, on(

them about four feet square should be [.laced

each side of every stall for two cows. An iron

called a slider, about twenty inches long, slio

be fixed at both ends in a perpendicular posit

on each side of each flag, so that a cow may

bound to each slider by a chain which t.ho

slide up and down on the slider, when the c

raises or lowers her head. When bound in I

manner the cattle are very secure, and liave all

freedom necessary to move and lick themsel'

Stone troughs are now generally placed before

cows to receive their food, and a passage in fi

for feeding the cows is a great convenience. ]

ery cow house ought to have a tank or well to

ceive the urine. 1 saw nothing in continental li

bandry, that I would more anxiously wi li to

introduced into Scotland, than the caretnl niani

in which the urine of cattle and every speciet

dirty water is carefully preserved and used t

manure to the land. Tlie Belgians ha\e not C

tanks at their cow houses for collecting the uri

but they have reservoirs on different parts of tl

farms, to which it is removed as coll< cttd,

kept in them excluded from the air, till it be <

venient to be sprinkled upon the ground, wl

is generally done a few days before sqwiug

seed for a crop.

Frojn the Proriilfiire Journ
MANUFACTURE OF SUM..

Yesterday afternoon we rode out to the Ru
burg, about a mile and a half from tbis city, I
Olneysville, to witness the operation 'f the
machinery recently invented by Miv-.is. Gaj
Moseley, of Connecticut, where we found a si
silk manufactory just going into operation.
peated attempts have been made from tiitu
time, to manufacture this material in thiscoiUC

VOL.. XIII. NO. 19.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOUIINAL.

147

It tiny liuve all hitherto failed, owing to the irn-
irfi-rtion of machinery. The great difficulty has
len ill iIk- outset, in reeling tlie silk from the co-
ons. The material in its raw state contains a
jtiiiiius suhstance of a very adhesive character,
d ill the ordinary mode of reeling the threads
ould adhere so that the skeins could not be
3und ort' from the reel without great care and. at
St very essential injury to the thread. Another
ipediiiient has been that in spinning, the fibres of
B thread were liable to be broken and fretted u|i

the friction of the machinery through whicli it
ssed. These imperfections have been entirely
inedied in Gay & Moseley's machinery, and the
k passes through all the processes of maiuifac-
•e from the cocoon to the loom, with all the ra-
lily and security from injury, with which cotton
manufactured. The machinery is very simple,
t very ingeniously contrived, and is worthy tlie
servation of every friend of domestic industry,
e improvements in this machinery, by whieli
! adhesion of the thread on the reels and spools
prevented, consists tn a transverse motion, by
lich the thread is carried rapidly from one side
the skein or end of the spool to the other, so
It instead of lying parallel, the threads are at
jles across each other.

On our return we called to see the Donelson
rm, which has recently been purchased by an
ociation of gentlemen for the purpose of grow-
; silk. They are now in the progress of trans-
iHting 15,000 mulberry trees, already four years
I, on one of the most beautiful spots of earth in
3 vicinity. These trees were originally planted

ornamental trees, at the garden of Messrs. Dy-
, which has lately been known by the name of
Hiilberry Grove," and although the country did
t seem to demand quite so large a supply of or-
inental trees of that kind, the invention of Gay

Moseley have rendered them exceedingly valu-
le, and probably one of the most lucrative

rces of income that New England now affords.
I who have tried the experiment agree that the
jwing of silk yields an enormous profit on the
[jital employed, and as it may be grown without
Bculty in every family in the' country, we can-
t doubt that it will soon become the great staple

the New England States.

may make it appear ; and in his dealings with his
customers on one hand, and his workmen or fel-
low laborers on the other, he will unquestionably
find educated [loliteuess, and habitual self posses-
sion, the means of wealth and sources of afl'ection
and obedience."

woRKuraniEN.

The following extract from a late address of Dr.
itchell of New York, is particularly recommend-
to working men. The dignity of human nature
longs to us all alike. It is education, it is the
Itivation of the mind as well as the improvement
the bodily powers, which make the man.
" That 1 have a very sincere desire to improve
d exalt the condition of the working classes,
nnot now I suppose be doubted by any of you.
have labored long enough too, among the dust
id smoke of a laboratory to feel myself entitled
the appellation of a workingman ; and while so
igaged, have not been able to perceive any ne-
issary connection between manual labor and de-
adation ; any essential disjunction of the work
' the hands from that of the head ; any law of
iture which should make impossible or even dif-
cult, an alliance of good manners, high morals
id elegant accomplishments, with the active du-
es of the mechanic. On the other hand, I con-
antly perceive the immense value of all these
lings to the workman. He cannot bring super-
uous talent to this work, howevsr simple habit

ALBANY FAIR IMPROVED STOVE.

We notice by the Albany Argus that the annu-
al Fair of the Albany Agricultural Society was
liolden on Thursday of last week. A great num-
ber of various productions of domestic industry,
implements of husbandry, specimens of mechani-
cal skill, &c. were exhibited. Among the articles
exhibited, we notice several improvements upon
Stoves, one of which brought in by Messrs. Pratt
& Treadwell, we give below.

" A parlor stove for wood, of an entirely new
and beautiful construction — the side representing
a building with a gable su|)porled by columns and
n arch underneath, pierced through from side to
side, separating the basement or fire chamber from
the flues at the end and at the top, and furnished
with a vase within the arch for water. The fire
chamber is also pierced in such a way as to repre-
sent windows between pilasters filled with ising-
glass and intended to illuminate that part of the
stove when in operation. The whole is surmounted
by a balustrade and urn of cast iron. — AT. H. Spec.

ITEMS OF ECONOMY, &e.

Preserving Bread Moist. The other day I saw
a lady on taking her bread out of the oven
wash her loaves with cold water. I inquired the
reasons. She said there were two objects in do-
ing it — one to wash off the ashes and coals that
might adhere, and the other to keep the bread
from becoming too dry and hard. After washing
the loaves moderately, she put them in a barrel
and covered them closely with a clean cloth. — JV.
Y. Farmer.

How to have Mince Pies any time. Prepare
your meat by boiling and chopping as though it
were for immediate use — mix it with a suitable
portion of suet, Fpice and salt ; then put it in an
earthen pot, pound it down with a pestle, and then
cover it with the best of molasses, keep it where
it will not freeze, and it will be fit for use any
time. My wife has adopted the above course for
four or five years past with perfect success ; so
that we have had mince pies made from meat kill-
ed in December as constant in July following as in
January, and quite as acceptable. — Maine Far.

Com Starch — we are advised by an excellent
house-keeper, is in no wise inferior to wheat
starch, while it can be made with half the labor
and expense. As this is the season for making it,
we have obtained from our informant

Directions for Making it — Take 30 good ears of
green corn, fit for eating, grate the corn with a
large grater, a lanthorn will do, into a pail of wa-
ter ; turn the whole through a fine metal cullen-
der, or a coarse cloth strainer, to separate the
hulls, &c. ; then change the water two pr three
times, to render the starch, which settles at the
bottom, white and clean ; and after the last water
is removed, the starch may be cut in pieces, laid
out a few days to dry, when it is fit for use, and
may be kept any length of time. This quantity

will suffice a year for a small family Cultivator.

To boil Meat. Let the following rules govern.
After the water begins to boil, it should be kept
boiling till the meat is cooked. Put the meat into

cold water, sufficient only to cover, and to keep it
covered <luringthe process. — More water than this
renders the meat less savory, and weakens the
broth. The water should be heated gradually and
according to the thickness of the article boiled ;
the larger the piece of meat, the more moderate
should be the fire. If the water boils before the
meat is heated through, the latter will be hardened,
and .shrink up as if it were scorched. The slower
it boils, the tenderer, plumper and whiter it will
be. Fresh killed meat requires longer boiling than
that which butchers call ripe, and is withal tiiore
tough and hard. — lb.

On covering Wheal Fields with Straiv. Several
fanners have spoken to us of the great advantages
of covering wheat with straw. After the grain is
sowed, and ploughed or harrowed in as usual, but
before it comes up, the straw is scattered evenly
over the ground to the depth of two or three in-
ches. This treatment is particularly, favorable to
late sown wheat, protecting it against heavy frosts,
and the cold winds which often occur in the
spring. We doubt if any better appropriation can
be made of the great piles of straw on many farms
in this district. — Genesee Far.

Cure for the Bite of a Snake. The bite of
a snake is as easily cured as the sting of a bee, if
taken in a reasonable time without even applying
to a physician, as every farmer has a remedy in
his own house. Bathing the part bitten with
warm milk, affiirds immediate relief. An external
application of hog's lard, with a diet of honey and
milk will, have the same cftect, though not so
speedily. These remedies should be universally
known and remenibeied, and resorted to as soon
as possible after the infliction of the wound. — Liv-
erpool Pa. Mercury.

A Cure for Poisoned Sheep. It is a fact well
known to farmers, that sheep are frequently pois-
oned by eating common laurel, (Kalmia latifolia.)
When you suspect this to be the case, give the
sick animal a strong tea made of mountain dittany,
(Cunila mariana,) moderately warm. This simple
remedy has been known to recover sheep in the
last stages of the disorder.

It would be well for farmers, whose cattle are
in danger of being poisoned, to procure and dry a
quantity of dittany in the summer, and keep it by
them through the winter, as it is in the latter sea-
son they are most likely to be aflfected. It may
also be useful in other disorders incident to cattle.
So much for the cure : as a prevention, destroy all
the laurel on your farms. — Mackenzie.

Sunflower Seed — Cure for Founder. " The
seeds of sun-flower," says a correspondent of the
Zanesville Gazette, " are one of the best remedies
known for the cure of founder in horses. Imme-
diate y on discovering that your horse is founder-
ed, mx about a pint of the whole seed in his feed,
and i; will eflfect a perfect cure." The seed should
be gifen as soon as it is discovered that the hors*
is foundered.

Sei Weed. Some of the sea weeds grow to the
enormous length of several hundred feet, and all
are liighly colored, though many of them must
grow in the deep caverns of the ocean, in total
or almost total darkness ; light, however, may
not be the only principle on which the colors of
vegetables depend, since Humboldt met with
green plants growing in complete darkness at the
bottom of one of the mines of Freburg — Mrs.
SomtrvilU.

148

NEW FNGLANO FARMER,

NOVEMBER 19,

From the Korthamjiton Courier
1,ETTER OP JUDGE BCEL.
Extract of a kUcr to the Secretary of the Hampshire,
Franklin and Hampden Agrkultural Socidiy.
Albany, April 16, 1832.
Sii-— It is now some years since our CoMiity
Acrricultiiral Society became extinct. Uunnj: .t.s
existence preniiums were lil.erally awarded on
Farm., Crops, Stock and Household prodncuons.
Tlie same objections were raised agamst givm^
bounties npon great crops and great cattle that you
m.eak of; but these objections came irom those
who were either unsuccessfnl competitors, or who
having predicted evil were anxious to see their pre-
dictions verified. Now that those feehngs have
subsided nil seem to appreciate and acknovvledge
the advantages which have grown out of the la-
borsofthe Society. Onr implements have been
greatly in.proved-snperior stock has been mtro-
duced-alternation of crop is better understood,
and more generally adopted-manures are n.ore
carefully saved and better applied-a general sp.r-
it of inquiry and of commendable con.petttmn has
been awakened, and I think the same a.notu.t ol
labor now, is 20 or 25 per cent, more productive,
in consequence of agricultural societies than it was
before their formation. Farmers are tenacious of
old habits, and are apt to be tira.d m all experi-
ments that involve uncertainty. But when they
have seen their neighbors produce better crops, or
finer cattle, ami display greater industry and neat-
ness, the example becomes contagious. They
then begin to acquire the first requisites for iin-
provement, a consciousness that they vvantkimwl-
ed«e It is from this conviction that mechanics
often make the best farmers. They/eeJ that ihey
have all to learn, and with habits ol .ndiistry and
frugality, and without prejudice to bmd them to
to any particular system, they seek information
from ihe best farmers, and adopt the course which
experience teaches to be the best. , . „ .

The county of Jefferson has sustamed its Soci-
ety to .his day. Its horses are decidedly superi- j
or and its neat cattle no wise inferior lo those ol
an'v other county in the Stale. The improvement
i3 ;,qually apparent in every other department of

husliandry. ,

Our premiums in two instances were perhaps
singular. We awarded for the most profitable
cro%, deducting from the value of the product
the expense of producing it. This was calculated
to blend skill with economy. Again, we gave pre-
miums for the most profitable rotation of crops of
three or four years. This was intended to show
the importance of alternating crops of dissimilar
habits, and of demonstrating the bad policy of
keeping under the plough, or in grass in perpetui-
ty. Live fences in districts destitute of stonB, is
one of the most desirable improvements thai can
be introduced ; and the culture of roots as affield
crop, as food for cattle and particularly for s)ieep
in the winter, promises great advantages. "Iheir
culture, except that of the potato, is an innov«tion
upon old habits ; and it will be yet sometime ere
the proper implements are introduced to raise
them to full advantage. Take for instance ruta

baga with ordinary farm implements, it would

require some days labor to sow an acre properly
in drills — with a drill burrow a man will sow
four or five acres in a day — and with a c.ukivBtor
and kimboe, four fifths of the labor of cultivation
or what is termed after culture, is saved. I ke|)l
an accurate account of the expense of three acres,

and charged the crop with fifty loads of manure,
at 75 cents the load. On footing up after the
crop was pitted f<u- the winter, 1 found the cost to
exceed a fraction 2 1-2 cents (ler bushel. I fed
four bullocks with them, .,t the rate of two bush-
,.is each per <lay. Tliey ate very little else, and
tlirive remarkably. I have uniformly, for years
fed them to my cows and oxen, daily, from March
to May or June. J^sse Buel.

Fiom the Franklin Herald.
THE ANNUAL CATTLE SHOW AND PAIR

Of the Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden .figri-

cultural Society, was held'at West SpringfichI, on
ihe 23d nit.

We give the following extracts from the report
of the committee.

The Executive Committee had anticipated the
largest exhibition of Cattle ever collected within
ilie old County of Hampshire. In this they were
disappointed ; although the Cattle exhibited were
of good quality and some very superior.

Articles of Domestic Manufacture were less nu-
merous than usual. The Committee cannot be-
lieve that there is any diminution of female indus-
try or enterprise, but that even the la.lies did not
fully understand the objects of the Society, or we
should have seen more specimens from the wheel,
the loom and the needle. Only one piece of wool-
len dressed cloth, one of flannel and one of sheet-
ing, were presented for premium. No cassimeres,
dressed flannel, Scotch plaid, stair carpets, woollen
counterpanes, men's half hose, mittens, linen shirt-
ing, cassimere shawls, rose blankets, bonnets, soh-
lealher, harness and saddlery work, dressed .'alf
^kins, or cabinet work, was presented, allhougli
premiums were ofl'ered for each.

The raw silk exhibited by Misses S. & B. Brew-
er, of Springfield, and the manufactured silk by
Miss Nancy Stowell, of Norwich, were miicli ad-
mired, and gave evidence of what may be expect-
ed in a few years, from the culture of the mulber-
ry, especially the Chinese or Morns Multiraulis.
I The Committee on Mulberry ami Hedges, spoke
with confidence of the practicability and utility of
cultivating the mulberry, and (iroducing silk more
extensively within the limits of the Society, as
meriting the attention of every person in the com-
munity. ^

They regret that there were no more applica-
tions for premiums on the White and Chinese Mul-
berry. It is well known there are many individu-
als, especially in the middle and northern parls of
the old County of Hampshire, who have gone large-
ly into the culture of the Mulberry, who might have
presented valuable communications on the subject
of Mulberry and Silk and have elicited the atten-
tion of the meeting to a more vigorous action upon
an object so worthy the attention of every farmer
in New England.

From Loudon's Oardener's Magazine.
IN THE MARKET AT GHENT

I SAW but few flowers or plants fbr sale, and

nothing among vegetables deserving particular no-
lice ; but some fine apples in the fruit market merit
a few words. At my hotel 1 saw every day a few
plates of these ap|)les, quite flat and streaked with
red, which were preferred to the strawberries and
cherries ; surprised at this 1 tasted and found llieni
delicious, quite plump, juicy, and fine-flavored.
They were called the Cour pendu. [1 think known
in England as the Court pendu plat.]

ON ESTIMATING GKEaT HEIGHTS, t^u.
BY THE i:RoNAUT DURANT.

Being at Paris in July 1828, I applied lo some
of the most reputable philosophical insin.iiient
makers for a cyanometer, but not one of (him had
any knowledge of it, or even knew there «. -■ such
an instrument. I then calbul on Messrs. Ga\ Lus-
sac,Cuvier and Biot, for information respnung it.
The last named genllenian was absent fi'io the
capital, which deprived nie of the pleasure i.nd in-
formation I should have derived from a conversa-
tion with him. Mr. Gay Liissac told me, "ihat
he considered the instrument of very little inility,
and that it was found only in the works il Mr.
Saussnre, a young gentleman of extensive scinilific
acquirements, who with an inventive genius, com-
bined an untiring zeal for knowledge. He travel-
led extensively, and it was during his passage over
the Alps, where from the blue color of ihe lo-ivenf,
an idea occurred to him of constructing an instru-
ment with degrees and altitudes marke<l to • ;.cli of
the blue shades, which should correspond I'l iliose
in the heavens. And," continued this sag. pliilos-
opher, " Saussnre is dead, and those only vvIp. have
been at great heights, and retain a recolliciioii ol
the color, are capable of making a cyanoioricr."

With the information I derived from biio ant!
my subsequent experience of these cohus, I con-
structed such an instrument; and after n peatet
trials, cnm|iaring it with the barometer, at varioui
ahitniles, 1 fi)und it could not be relied on lor ac
curacy.

Many men who have devoted their ainiiiHin V
the subject, I believe, are convinced that l.cili th'
cold and darkness increase as we recede li-r.i ih
earih ; and I have no hesilation in saying, .lw,t be
yoiid the earth's atmosphere, it is as niuili .laike
than night as any thing that we can conceive ; »a
allhongh this darkness may increase in renilr.r pre
gression from the earth, still from causes befon- re
lilted, 1 do not believe that any instrumeiil i an b
found, as a sulislitnte for the barometer in imasui
iiig high altitudes.

At my fifth ascent with a balloon from New
York, ill May 1833, I was compelled, in conse

quenceofa high wind which prevailed, lo u oo

without any philosophical iiislrumeiits, exceptin

the cyanometer, which I had fortunately plaicd i

my pocket book. From causes which were state

in the public journals, the balloon was uncontrolU

ble for some minutes, (a part of which time, it w«

ascending with nearly the rapidity of an arrovv

although immediately on leaving the earth, I opei

ed the valve, which is near the top, and ihroug;

which the gas would soon have escaped, but f(i

the rapid upward motion, which cause<l so inuo

resistance or pressure from the atmosphere, as ;

retard the escape of the gas, until ihiriy or for

minutes, when the a'rostat was poised in air, and

had reached a greater altitude than I have befo

or since attained. Here for the last time, J lri(

the cyanometer, which for any utility, 1 n.iglit

well have hit beUiw with the barometer. Tl

heavens were many shades darker than ihe bii

tints to which 1 bad affixed an approximate degr

and altitude on my cyanometer, and so nncerta

is sight, thill when I had selected a correspondil

shade on the cyanometer, in one instant ib. hea

ens would appear too light and the next moine

too dark. I residved then to nbandon all t'urth

experiments, wiili an instrumeut which |iioniis

to be of so Inile use ; and if it was not to >' nfil

Mr. Gay Lussac's remarks, and prove the supe^

VOIi. XITI. NO. 19.

AND HOiri FCULTURAL JOURNAL,

149

oritynrilie l)iii-imicner, I slioiiM nut luive consideieil
the experiments with the cyaiioineter worth com-
municating to the worlil.

I am aware, that among scientific men, there is
an unlielief of the faci, that intensity of darkness
increases as wc recede from the earth, hut I do not
consider it my duty here, to enter on a proof of tlie
assertion, or attempt to explain the cause, which I
do not feel competent to perform, and will leave
that for more ahle pens than mine. The world
may expect to have soon a rich intellectual treat
on that siiliject, from a gentleman in Baltimore,
whose scientific acquirements, added to his pro-
found reasoning and lucid mind, I am satisfied
(from personal acquaintance,) render him in all re-
spects competent to perform the task.

to the different reservoirs, liy which both the re-
ception and tlie delivery of water are regulated to
the greatest nicety, with a view to the most rigid
economy of tlie fluid.

OXY-HYDROGBK GAS TELBGRAFHS.

We are glad to find that Mr. Coad is proceeding
with his plan of applying oxy-hydrogen gas, in
comhustion with lime, to tlie i)urpose of telegraph-
ing. Tlie experiments will be made at Egremoiit,
in a few evenings, and persons on the Prince's Pier
will have a full view of them. We have no doiiht
of their success ; if so, we can communicate with
London, at night, by means of about twelve stations
in FIVE MiNnTES ! — Liverpool Journal.

From Loudon^s Magatine.
AQUEDUCT.

Greenock is situated at the bottom of a sloping
hill or ridge, the top of which is upwards of 500 ft.
above the level of the Clyde. To 'he top of this
ridge iMr. Thom has conducted, along the summits
of other riilges, from a distance of six vXiiles, a co-
pious supply of water, not only for all the ordinary
purposes of the town, but for driving mrt,>hitievy.
The water is collected into reservoirs, at th<; dis-
tance of several miles from Greenock ; and ea( i of
these reservoirs i» capable of containing a supply
for the consumption of the inhabitants, for more
than six months; "so that not only the surplus
waters of one wet season may be retained for sup-
plying the dry season of the same year, hut the
surplus of several wet years may be stored up to
supply a drought of several years duration, should
3uch ever occur." The water is brought to the
summit of the hill in such quantity as to supply
1200 cubic feet per minute, which Mr. Thorn esti-
mates, on a fall of 30 ft. as equal to a Bolton &
Watt's steam-engine of fifty-horse power. The
water is applied in succession to mills, of which
there are two series, and the same aqueduct sup-
plies water for the inhabitants at the rate of 2 cubic
feet per head per day.

The filtration of this water is effected in 3 filters,

invented by Mr. Thom, which are thus formed :

" Each filter is 50 ft. long, 12 ft. wide, and 8 ft.
deep. The water is made to percolate through
them, either upwards or downwards at pleasure.
When it percolates downwards, and the supply of
filtered water becomes sensibly less (which, after
•oine time, must happen to every filter, by the
lodgment of sediment), then, by shutting one sluice
and opening another, the water is made to pass
upward with considerable force, and, carrying the
sediment along with it, to fall into a waste drain
made for that purpose. When the lodged sedi-
ment is thus removed, and the water begins to run
clear, the direction of the sluices is again changed,
and the filter operates as before."

Among the most ingenious arrangements con-
nected with these works are, the self-acting sluices

SUGAR AN ANTIDOTE TO THE POISON OP
OR FROM COPPER.

So many accidents occur from using co[iper
vessels, that we deem it proper to give the»m(ist
simple directions for counteracting the poisonous
cfTects of the oxide of this metal. Sugar is a most
powerful antidote against verdigris and other pre-
parations of copper, although it is difficult to un-
derstand in what manner the beneficial process is
conducted. M.Duval introduced, by means of an
India rubber tube, four drachms of oxide of copper
dissolveil in acetic acid into the stomach of a dog;
in about four minutes afterwards he injected by
the same medium four ounces of strong syrup ;
this dose he repeated at intervals of half an hour,
until he had injected twelve ounces. During this
time the animal experienced much nervous excite-
ment, and was slightly convulsed ; but after the
last injection he became perfectly calm, and having
gone to sleep, woke without feeling any farther
effects of the poison. M. Orfila relates several in-
stances of persons who had taken acetate of copper,
either accidentally or designedly, having been re-
covered by the administration of sugar. He seve-
ral times proved by experiment that a dose of ver-
digris, which would otherwise have killed a dog
in an hour or two, might be swallowed with im-
punity if previously mixed with a quantity of sugar.
As alcohols have a property which neiitializes the
most concentrated muriatic acid in ethers, it would
appear sugar neutralizes the oxides of copjier and
lead. Sub-tartrate of neuter lead was, indeed,
used by Berzelius in bis experiments to determine
the proportional parts of sugar. If an ounce of
white sugar be boiled for half an hour in a phial,
with an ounce of water and ten grains of verdigris,
a green liquid will be procured, in which the most
sensible re-agents will not indicate the presence of
copper, such as hydro-ferrocyanate of potass, am-
monia, and hydro-sulpbiiio ; but an insoluble car-
bonate of copper will remain at the bottom of the
vessel. — Journal des Connaissances Usuelles.

nutriment has had time to reach tlie general circu-
lative system. These things all show the genera!
sympathy between the stomach and every other
part of the Itoily. —CvrbvtVs Clinical Lectures.

EXHILARATING GAS.

It is stated in the Vermont Courier that a young
lady in Hanover, N. II. recently became deranged in
consequence of inhaling the fumes of ether, adopted
as a substitute for ' Exhilarating Gas.' We believe
this is not the only instance of ill effects produced
by such means of unwarrantable excitement.

THE STOMACH.

Emotions of the mind have a powerful influ-
ence on the stomach. Let a person who is going
to sit down to dinner with a good appetite, receive
a piece of news, either exceedingly joyful or ex-
ceedingly distressing, and his appetite goes in a
moment. Children who are about to set out on a
pleasant journey, it is well known, cannot eat.
This when I was a child, used to be called "jour-
ney proud." On the other hand, a blow upon the
stomach will sometimes take life instantly ; a drink
of cold water, when the body has been very hot,
has often had the same effect. Attend to your
companions when on a journey afoot, as their
stomachs grow empty, how sullen and silent the
whole party becomes ! let a crust of bread, a little
cheese, a glass of ale or wine be taken, and cheer-
fulness immediately reigns, even long before any

/■'mm (he Ohio Farmer.
PORK AND BEEP.

As the time is fist approaching when our citi-
zens will commence barrelling beef and pork for
the N. Orleans market, we insert the following
Directions taken from an Act passed in the Slate

of Louisiana, providing for the inspection nf Beef

and Pork in J\l'ew Orleans.

Mess Pork — must be composed of the choicest
sides of well fattened hogs— neither flanks, tail pie-
ces, or any part of the shoulder will be admitted.

Prime Pork — Three shouhlers with the shanks
cut off at the knee joint, one head and a half, di-
vested of ears, snouts and brains, the balance to be
made up of sides, necks, and tail pieces — say a
sufliciency of sid: pieces to form the first and last
layers in the barrel.

Cargo Pork — may be made of any part of the
hog that can be considered merchantable Pork,
with not more than four shoulders and two heads
in a barrel ; shanks, ears, snouts and brains ex-
cluded, as in prime.

The hog ought to be cut from the backbone to
the middle of the belly, in pieces not more than six
inches wide, and packed in the harfel edgewise.

Mess Beef— must be made of the brisket am)
the choicest sides of well-fattened cattle.

In a barrel of Prime Beef, there must not be
more than the half of neck, two flanks and two
legs, cut above the knee joint; the balance of the
choice pieces, with a sufliciency of good side pieces
to form the iqiper layer.

In a barrel of Cargo Beef, there must be a pro-
portion of good pieces, with no more than the one
halfneck.s, three flanks, and two legs cut, as m prime.

The beeves must be well fattened with corn,
and cut in handsome pieces, not to be less than
4 pounds in weight.

The barrel must be made of good seasoned
white oak or white ash, to be eighteen inches he-
iwei n the chimes, full on the cents, and 2S inches
long, swelling gently towards the centre, and to he
free from every defect. A quarter bound barrel,
with only 12 substantial hoops on it, is lawful, but
to a full bound barrel, at least 18 hoops will be
necessary.

It is provided by law, that no less than two
pecks of coarse salt shall be put in each barrel of
beef and pork besides pickle, to be made with as
much salt as the water will hold in solution ; but
it is to be observed, that beef requires a Greater
quantity of salt for its preservation, than pork ;
and where only a half a bushel is used in packing,
it is rather doubtful whether, on reaching New
Orleans, there would be a sufliciency remaining
undissolved in the barrel to justify the Inspector
in branding it without changing its condition.

It is also provided by an act passed the 6th
March, 1830, "That all salted beef and salted
pork, which shall be brought to New Orleans, in
casks, barrels, or half barrels, and intended for
sale therein, shall be subject to inspection," and
that if such salted beef or pork be sold or offered
for sale without inspection, the same will be liable
to forfeiture, and condemned to be sold in the
name of the Slate, by order of any court of com-
petent authority.

150

NEW ENGLAND 1 AllMER,

„OVEMBER 19, 193*.

SEW ENGLAND FARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOV. 19, 1034.

PARMER'S WORK FOR IVOVEMEER.

Bog Fence. A writer in a Soutliern paper observes^
" This is the season [November] of the year to clear
meadows of the bogs that frequently grow on low lands,
and I would recommend flora my own experience, to
cut up the bogs and build fence with them, by which
means the land is doubly benefitted ; first, by clearing it
of that which is injurious, and secondly, by making a
fence which is equally substantial with that made of
stone, independent of its compactness : After having
tried dilferent methods, I would recommend laying them
after the manner of stone fences : on low and wet lands,
it will settle much slower than on upland ; the wild
grass will cease to grow and a spear grass commence,
which in two years will connect the bogs. I would ad-
vise laying this fence three feet at bottom, and four feet
height, with one lateral rail supported by slakes at each
end, usually termed " stakes and rider," which will keep
it in place. Although it settles considerably the first
year, and gradually afterwards, I am convinced from
four years' experience, that it will endure ten years
without any additional bogs, and it can be laid up at one-
tenth expense of that which is made from stone.

Sicinc. A good sty is of the utmost importance in fat-
ting hogs. Nor is it of less importance for keeping them
in winter ; as the more comfortable they are kept, the
less nourishment they require. The sty should be pro-
portioned in size to tlie number of swine it is to contain.
One of sixteen feet by twelve, is probably sufficient for
eight fatting swine. It should be divided into two
apartments ; that in the rear which should be about six
feet wide, should be close and warm for the hogs to lie
in. There they should have a constant supply of dry
Utter when the weather is cool, for it is an essential
point to keep them comfortable. The front part of the
sty which would then be about ten feet wide, should
have the floor descending on one side for the filth to run
off; and in this side should be an opening. The trough
should be on the upper side, covered with one or more
lids ; and upright pieces should be set before it, at such
distances apart as that one hog only could put his head
between any two of them, in order that when feeding,
the weaker animals should be protected against the
stronger. The whole should be covered with a roof, for
it is essential that they should be protected from storms,
while they are in the outer or feeding apartment. Ac-
cording to the foregoing, if sixteen hogs are to be kept
or fatted in the stye, it should be thirty-two feet long,
and twelve wide, and in that case there might be a
sleeping apartment at each end. These apartments
should be again subdivided, that, for the quiet of the
animals particularly in fatUng, too many may not be
forced to lie together. It would probably be best also
to divide the feeding apartment ; for too many hogs kept
together, are not apt to enjoy that peace and quiet which
is necessary to their fatting well. Posts should also be
set up in the sty for hogs to rub themselves. If thirty-
two hogs are to be kept or fatted, then perhaps the btst
way is to have two styes of the dimensions last described,
placed together, but with a roof over the whole, and a
passage between them for the purpose of carrying food
to the troughs. If a part of the roof extended consider-
ably beyond the sty, it would aiford a convenient cover
' for forming a heap of compost from the dung of the
swine.

The Flying Weevil. We are informed by a friend,
that an easy and effectual preservative to the ravages
made in wheat and other grain by the Flying Weevil,
will be found in strewing over, and mixing through the

threshed grain slacked lime— that a peck of lime will
answer for a thousand bushels. Those having their
grain in stacks will do well to thresh it immediately and
resort to this simple mode of preventing its entire de-
struction. The grain can easily be cleaned from the
lime by screening. The remedy is practised as we are
informed in the Southern States, where the Weevil has
been for some years very destructive to grain.— OAiO
Paper.*

Cut Fodder. " Cut or chaff your hay, straw, corn
tops or blades, and even your stalks with a straw cutter,
and you will save a great proportion which is otherwise
wasted or passed through the animal without contribu-
ting to its nourishment. One bushel of chafled hay at
a mess given in a trough, three times in twenty-four
hours, is sufficient for a horse, ox, or cow. A bushel of
chaffed hay, lightly pressed, weighs from .5 to .5^ pounds
A horse or horned beast thrives more on 15 pounds thus
given, than on 24 or 25 pounds as commonly expended
(including waste) in the usual manner of feeding in
racks ; to which troughs properly constructed, are far
preferable.

" Feeding your stock by weight and measure of food,
will not only save your provender, by its orderly distri-
bution, but frequently save the lives of animals, too
often starved by niggardliness or gorged and ihjured by
profusion. If it be true, as it is, that " the master's eye
makes the horse fat," it is equally so thatthc master's eye
prevents the horse from being pampered, wanton bloated,
foundered, and finally wind broken and hWnd."— Judge
Peters.

Store keep for Cfltt/f— should neither be too rich nor too
abundant ; and if an ox is once made fat, and then loses
his flesh, he is like one of Pharaoh's lean kine, the more
he devours the leaner he becomes. If young cattle arc
kept in rich pastures in summer, and poor fodder m
winter, sometimes stufl:'ed, at other limes starved, they
lose their disposition to fatten.

SUPERIOR SQ,XIASU.

Mr. S. Thayer, of Brainlree, Mass. has favored us
with a Squash of surpassing magnitude, and fine form,
which he denominates Whig Squash. It weighed,
when taken from the vine 42 lbs., and is respectfully
submitted to the inspection of the curious connoiseur in
prime productions.

ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.

The committee of the City Council on the subject of
introducing pure soft water into the city, submitted a
report, accompanied by an elaborate report of Loammi
Baldwin, Esq. together with a plan of the proposed
route it is intended to bring said water into the city,
were read, and 7,000 copies of the same ordered to be
printed for the use of the citizens of Boston.— Jlfej-. Jour.
The cotton crop at the present year has been at 1,100-
000 bales. We think it will rather exceed than fall
short of that vast amount, though the croi)S, in some
places, were much injured by storms and floods and the
rot— and the force of the cultivation weakened by the
prevalence of the cholera. Of the amount stated, about
200,000 bales will be required for tlie home consump-
tion. If the sales are taken at an average of 350 lbs.
each, wliicli, perhaps, is a low estimate, we have 385
millions of pounds, worth at 10 per lb. $:!a,500,000.

We see that the crop of last year has been estimated
at 1,205,000 bales. If this is correct, the crop of the
present year is rated much too low. — JVilcs' Register.

We see advertised for sale in a Manchester (Eng.)
paper, a sow which had been tlie happy mother within
eighteen months, of sixty-one pigs.

.^tcaiii Ships of War. A writer in the London United
Service Journal for August, says, " The French have
established a complete steam dock-yard, on the Loire, at
the Island of Isidret ; five steamers have been launched
there, and six of 160 horse power, are now constructing.
At the end of this year, their steam navy will consist of
24 vessels, with a power of 3,172 horses." If by any
accident we should get into a war with a nation thus
equipped, we should be rather awkwardly situated it
must be confessed. We should like to see a few such
vessels added to our own Navy. — Jour, of Com.

Well done, Baltimore. At a late meeting of the Teach-
er's Lyceum in the city of Baltimore, it was resolved,
" that the Society will take immediate measures to as-
certain the number of children in the city of Baltimore
who do not attend school, to use all proper means to
bring EVERY CHILD within the pale of instruction."

We learn from the Montreal papers, that the British
Government has given a decision in favor of allowing
A'ftitrican Beef and Pork salted, to be exported from the
Canadian ports to other British ports, duty free. This
will enable the West Indies to obtain their articles of
provision at much cheaper rate than heretofore. The
consequence of this decision will be to create a more ex-
tensive demand for Beef and Pork, from New York,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Micliigan, in the Montreal and
Quebec market.— JV. Y. Gaz.

A Fleet. We saw from the "windows of our office
yesterday morning, twenty-eight schooners, and three
steam-boats, with their sails spread for the ' Far West,'
all having left our harbor within two hours. Such a
scene as this will show to our friends abroad the impor-
tance of the ' Young city of the West,' and the highly
prosperous condition of our trade and commerce. — Buf-
falo Bulletin.

A ftiend has handed us the following communication.
We have seen the model of the improvement in ques-
tion, and as far as we are able to judge, we concur hear-
tily in the opinion of the writer that the discovery is one
of great importance, as it has long been a desideratum
in sleam-boat navigation.

IMPORT ANT INVENTION.

We have seen a small model of a water wheel, in-
vented by a gentleman of this city, some months since,
called the " non-reaction water wheel." The principle
is entirely new, and the reaction which is so great, and
causes so much loss of power in the wheel at present
used in this country, is entirely saved by this simple
machine.

Two paddles or buckets are attached to the end of two
frames of iron, which work on the arms of the wheel,
by bearings in plumber blocks. These frames and pad-
dles perform about tlie third of a revolution, and are
prevented from turning entirely round, as the wheel re-
volves by guides attached to the arms, consequently as
the wheel turns so do the frames with the paddles, and
fall into the water edgewise, and both at the same time
causing no reaction. They pass through the water and
come out in the same position thereby tlirowing up no
water.. Tliey have also this advantage, that they will
propel the boat much faster without noise or shaking.

Several steam-boats are preparing to use this wheel,
and all those who have seen it, among whom were sev-
eral engineers, engine builders, &c., acquainted with
the subject, have no hesitation in pronouncing it an im-
portant and useful discovery. The inventor, we under-
stand has taken measures for securing a patent in Eng-
\a.nd.— Pittsburg Jldvoeate.

nomcsticuting the Ot/er and Muskrat. From an Ohio
paper it appears that a Mr. Entz, of Cambridge, in that
Stale, has domesticated the wild Otter of the western

vol.. xm. jfo. 19

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

1.51

waters, and makes the fur ^ source of profit by picking
it from the body of the animal : that in this way, as the
experiment he has made seems to prove, each otter may
be made to bring the owner fl4, annually. The animal
yields, so it is said, two crops or fleeces of fur a year.
There is also an intimation in the papers that Mr. Entz
is now beginning an experiment on Muskrats.

We have heard before, " that every kind (or va.
rious kinds) of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and
of things in the sea, is tamed, and have been tamed of
mankind ; " but we never before heard of picking any
of the animals but those that are so unfortunate as to
wear feathers — Old Colony Democrat.

MASS? HORTrcULTURAL^SOCIET Y.

FRUITS SIXHIBITED.

Saturday, JVow. 15.
Pears. By B. V. French, Esq. ;i new var' ty
of fniit, inetliuni size, of roumlisl) form, taperin"
towm-ds the stalk, handsome, and of a golden rus-
setty color, perfectly beuire, the flavor e.xcellent.
This fruit will prove a winter frnit, and very val-
uable. The tree on a quince slock is a most pro-
fuse bearer.

Apples. By William Kenrick, a very large,
round, pale fruit, striped with pale red, the flesh
white with a good pro|)ortion of acid, and of ex-
cellent flavor. This variety was sent by Mr. Jo-
seph Breck of Lancaster, and is understood to be
a native fruit. For the Committee,

William Kenrick.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.
Coirccted Avlth great care, ivechly.

FOR SAJLE OR TO I.ET.

A valuable farm situated in Modford, about five miles from
this cily, well calculated for a inilk, vegelaWc; and Cruir farm.
For furllier |iariicular* apply at chis office. ,t. 17,

AGRICCI.TIIRISTS ATTEND !

•' Have respect unlo all Ihings, hold fast ilial which is good "
The Subscriber has brought lo this market, a new VEriely of
Potatoes, which have two good properlies. viz. ; ihey are ex-
ceedingly productive, and are excellent lor the table. They

have been planted but (bur years, and from two potatoes have
prodaced fourteen hundred biis/iets. To be found at Brimmer's
Store, on the T wharf, Boston.

MOSES HEALY.
, The above Potatoes originated from the Island of St
Helena. ^^v. 12.

NOTICE.

Green House Frames and Sashes, — about live hundred
Ajso a quantity of pots. For sale. Apply to G.
""" N. E. Farmer Office. Nov. 12.

WriLLIS'S STRAMT CUTTING MACHINE.

For Sale at the Agricidtural Warehouse, Nos. 51 & 52
North Market street, Boston. Just received a fresh supply of
the above truly valuable and useful machine. The simplicity
o( Its construction, the ijreal ease and despatch with which the
work is performed, the little probability of its gettin;; out of or-
der, and the fact thai one man can operate it, (which is not the
case with any other machine now in use,) gives it a decided
preference over any oilier, and strongly recommends itself to
all who are disposed to use their fodder lo the best advantage.

Hundreds who have used it. have given conclusive testimony
o( its value. One gentleman, (Mr. A. Shelden, of Beverly,)
asserts that he makes a clear saving of one third bv usinff it

Nov. 12. J s

quare feet

C. BARRETT

at very

BROADCLOTHS AND CASSIMERES
reduced prices.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, No. 414 Washington Street
has received a large assortment of superfine and common
Broadcloths, purchased at the auctions in New York and Bos-
Ion, which he will sell by the piece or yard, at prices as low as
Ihey can be purchased of the importer or manufacturer by the
bale. Among them are the following shades of colors and
qualities, viz. :

Superfine, Fine, and Common Black Broadcloths.
Blue do

Green do

Russell Brown do
Claret do do
Spanish Fly do
Invisible green do
Drake neck do
Mulberry do

Steel mixed do
Also — Ladies' Cloths for Habits, &c.
40 pieces Cassimeres, of colors and qualities suitable for chil-
dren's wear.
Also— 25 pieces striped, blue, mixed, &c. Sallinels.

6t Nov. 12.

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

FRUIT TREES.

Ornamental TREES, and PLANTS, &c
Nursery of WILLIAM KENRICK, in

Newton, Mass. 5^ miles from Boston by the
Western Avenue, aim J a mile from the Worces
ter Rail Road.

This establishment now compactly covers IS acres, and
comprises the selections of the finest kinds of Pears, Apples,
Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Apricots, Almonds,
Quinces, Grape V^lnes, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries,
and Mulberries, including liie Cliinese Miilberiy, or lyioRcis
MuLTicAULis, so celebrated for silk ; Strawberries, Figs, &c.
No pains, no labor, or expense has been spared, in obtaining
the most celebrated varieties, which have here been congregated
from divers climates and latitudes, and from first-rate sources
— selections adapted to every section of the Union. The Or-
namental Trees and Plants alone, comprise one thousand va-
rieties, the most beautiful kinds known ; these include Horse
Chesnuts. Weeping Willows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Ailan-
ihus or Tree of Heaven, Scotch Larch, Silver Firs, Venetian
Sumach, Altheas, Snowballs, Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c. — Su-
perb China and Hardy Roses. Herbaceous Flowering Plants,
Pfeonies, and splendid Double Dahlias.

Gentlemen are respectfully invited lo ^forward their orders
early. — Early in Autumn, being an excellent season for trans-
planting. Addressto WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton, Mass.
Trees, tkc; delivered in Boston without charge for transporta-
tion, they are selected and labelled with due precaution and
care ; and when ordered thence, they are suitably packed, aud
forwarded to their destination, by land or sea. Or orders will
receive the same attention if left with Geo. C Barrett
who is agent, at his seed store and New England Farmer
Office, N'os. 51 & 52, North Market Street, Boston. Cata-
logues gratis on application. oct 1

15,000 PEACH TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of (orming orchards of the Peach tree
are now offered a capital selection of the finest kinds
Apply to WILLIAM KENRICK, Newlon. oct 1

Apples, russets,

Beans, wiiile,

Beef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) . . .
Butter, inspected, No. 1, new,

Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, . . .

Featbjers, northern, geese,. .

southern, geese, . .

Flax, American,

P'laxseed,

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash
Baltimore, Howard sir.
Baltimore, wharf, . .

Alexandria

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, .
southern yellow, .

while

Rye, Northern, . . .

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime
Hay, best English, . .

Eastern screwed, . . .
Hard pressed, ....

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (new) . . .

2d quality
Lard, Boston, Istsort, . . .
Southern, Isl sort, . . .
Leather, Slaughter, sole, . .
" upper.

Dry Hide, sole. .
" upper, .

Philadelphia, sole,
Baltimore, sole,
Liivie, best sort
Pork, Mass. inspec. , extra clea

Navy, Mess

Bone, middlings, .
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (none)
Red Top, northern, .
Red Clover, noriiiern, .
WliiteDutch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces

American, full blood,wash'ed
do. 3-4.ths do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, . .
- ("Pulled superfine,
Jt: 1st Lambs, . .
= =-!2d " . .

S i. I 3d ■•
2 ( Isl Spinning, . .
Soathern pulled wool is generally
5 cts. less per lb.

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31
750
65
58
£0
4«
S6
40
55
45
33
25
40

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL prices.

Haius, northern, . pound

southern,

Pork, whole hogs,

Poultry, (uncertain,) ....

Butter, (tub)

lump,

E'-cs, dozen

Po^'^TOEs, bushel

CiiiER, (new,) I ha„p|

8

6

9

14

20

17

37

1 60

10
9

17

25

19

50

2 50

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoNDAY, Nov.- 17, IS34.
FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL, TREES. I Reported for the Daily Advertiser and Palriot.'

The subscriber is now prepared lo receive orders for trees ^' market about 4350 cattle, say 22ro beef cjllle and 2150
for fall selling out, and the best attention will be paid lo oiders Stores ; 4600 sheep, and 1100 Swine. Several parts of/oTsof
by mail or otherwise. Catologues to be had gratis upon ap- beef and stores, a few hundred, and 200 Swine were reported

plicaiion.

GEO. C. BARRETT.

BI.ACK CURRANT AVINE.

A FEW Bottles of this wine, so highly esteemed by all ac-
juajnted with its medicinal properlies, just received by Geo.

aug 13

-_„- — ^ .Tivii 113 iiic>.iii.iiiai jjiopeiiies, jusi re(

D. Barrett, 51 and 52 North Market street.

BREItlEN GEESE.

For sale, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese by

GEORGE C.BARRETT.

A GARDENER

— Wants a Situation — can produce the best recommendations
as regards his character and capacity. nov 19

SEEDS, (for fall sowing)

For Sale, al ihe New England Seed Store, connected
with Ihe N. E. Farmer oflice, 51 & 52 Nnith Market street, or

While Portugal Onion Seed — Silver Skin, do.— Fall 13
Prickly Spinach— Black Spanish or Winter Radish — Celery,
&c. &',c. auor

COCKSPUR THORNS.

A few bushels of Seeds or Berries of this celebrated Thorn
from the farm of .Ino. Prince. Esq. of Jamaica Plains, for sale
by GEO. C. BARRETT, New England Seed Store. Price
£5.00 per bushel. oc 29

lasl week.

Prices. Beef Cattle— We mention a few choice callle
from Connecticut, taken at S5,00; we quote prime at 4 50 a
ilb; good al 4, a 4 25; cows at 3 50 a 4 25.

Barrelling Cattle.— DM and former prices not supported
We quote mess 22s ; No 1, 18s 6d, a I9s ; No. 2, 15s bV a 16s'
1 he barrellers appear lo be nearly supplied and not anxious lo-
increase their slock.

^""'^,^- ^Je'^'^'mgs 6 a 8; two years old ,^9 a 15> three
years old 515 a 25. »- > •..

Sheep.~Du\],—\Ve noticed two lots of more than 100 each
sold by weight alive, at 2 1-2 cents Ihe pound ; also lots at 1 4»
I 50, 1 62, I 67, 1 75, and ,g2 ; welhers al 2,00, 2 25, and 2 50

e!wine—A lot of large Shoal barrows selected at 5c • also
f ™f?IJo's at 4 1-4 for sows and 5 1-4 for barrows ; one lotfor
4 1 16 for sows, and 5 I-I6 for barrows, al retail 4 1-2 and 5 l-J
those weighing under 70, 5 a 6c.

152

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

KOVEBIBER 19, 1834.

MISCELLANY.

From the Nm England Galary.

DEGREES OP DRUNKENNESS.

" First, Frcs/i ; second Emphatic; lliiril, Glorious; fourth^
Vproarious; lastly, todn^We.-'— Frolics of Puck.

FRESB.

Tii4T ruby cheek, and sparkling e'c

Prove jolly Bacchus in possession ; —
Premonitory of a s-pree,

They mark the aspect of a Eresh'un.
He fills the goblet to the brim,

Drinks and refills,
Until his happy senses swim,

And his head reels.
He thinks his every thought is attic,
And soon from fresh, becomes

EMPHATIC.

As in a crowded house the throng,
Fast to the door are borne along,
Shoulder to shoulder, hip to hip.
All the ideas by liquor wrought
Are, in a chaos, sudden brought
Upon the burdened lip ; —
Jostling, pushing.
Outward rushing.
The crowd, each other's steps embarrass ;
So one word o'er another trips,
Upon the emphatic bibber's lips;
Though pressed, not half ex-pressed, ia vain.
You strive his meaning to attain.
His words but put himself in pain,

And serve the listener to harass ; —
Forthwith he rises to the squalt-\cs,
As if each word were in italics;
With gestures odd, and upraised hand
He emphasizes if and and; —
Till to all present, 'tis notorious.
That he has reached the order

GLORIOUS.

As difficulties but incite

The impetuous mind to further daring.
His swollen tongue, though oft he bile,
Yet will he still continue swearing.
While deeper his potations grow,
His patriotism 'gins to flow ;
He damns the fool who does not think
A man to drunkenness should drink;
In politics his opposite party
Is visited with curses hearty ;
Till his iioise shows he has from glorious
Gone a step further to

UPROARIOUS.

"Wake Snakes!" " Huzza !" waste and confusion :

By-words, and shouts, and noisy revel.
Wassail and wine in sad profusion

Have with his senses played the devil I
Windows are smashed, and glasses broken;
Too drunk to speak, no longer spoken
' His oaths are bellowed, such a rale on
As to astonish even Satan,
Jntil wilh liquor gorged full
Je drops liim down

INSENSIBLE.

Here *• Bacchi plenus," full of wine.
Behold the " human form divine" !
Like leather bag of ages back
His hide is but a liquor sack.

ed 10 sink lower ami lower iiilo tlie earth, until lie
had descended one hundred and fifty feet. At this
point, he became wedged between masses of rock,
and was crushed to death.— The chasm or fissure,
we are toUI, appears to have been forineil, by the
separation of the earth and rock in some convul-
sion of nature. The width of the fissure at the
stirface we have not learned, but it was covered
with a thin soil, which commenced giving way as
soon as the weight of the gentleman and his horse
was added to it.— Lf:r!"ng-(on (Ky.) Observer.

A SINGUI.AR MPB PRESERVER.

The following singular circumstance we copy
from " Scott's Recollections of a Naval Life."— A
marine who had just joined the ship, and was un-
acquainted with the excellent qualities of the dog,
endeavored while bathing to enice him from his
station into the water. The noble animal paid no
attention to his invitatior. One of the crew to'.d
the marine that if he swam out of the sail, and
would call out as if in distress, and suit the action
to the word, Mr. Boatswain would certainly obey
his summons. The marine took the hint, got out
of the sail, and began to enact the part of a drov n-
ing man to perfection. The dog instantly sprang
into the water, with his ears erect, his eye flashing
fire from intense anxiety; away he sw.nu for the
soldier, who, on the approach of his canine friend,
began to have some misgiving as to the wisdom of
his proceedings. He now became alarmed lest
the dog should seize him, which manceuvre Boat-
swain appeared resolved to execute. His fears in-
creased with the dog's endeavors to efl^'ect his pur-
pose; and finally he roared out most lustily for
help from his shipmates. The louder the poor
devil sung out, the more determined was the saga-
cious brute to seize him, and he very soon accom-
plished his purpose, grasping him firmly by the
hair at the back of his neck, and twisting his face
towards the heavens, brought him alongside, amidst
the convulsive roars of laughter of the whole ship's
company and the piteous cries of the jolly n.arine.
Boatswain would not resign his hold till the fright-
ened man was assisted up the side ; the bite of a
rope being then placed overboard for his conduc-
tor, he pl"ced his fore-leg in it up to his shoulders,
and, holding himself stiflly out, was hauled n, , mrl
caln'ily resumed his watch as if nothing hud W.:\>-
pened. ^

wound ill lis breast touched it with its bill, and
tlieu looked up in my lace with an expression :
which 1 have no wish to forget, for it had power
to touch my heart while yet a hoy, when a thou-
sand dry precepts in the academical closet would
have been of no avail."

Mrs. Hale never penned a truer sentence than
the following—" Real and pure afJ'ection is alway"
quiet and delicate in its attentions, and no man o.
refinemt-nt can long love a wife whose demonstra-
tions of attachment are obtrusive and importunate."

Bavs'or Courier. ^^^^^^

EXTRAORDINARY INCIDENT.

A GENTLEMAN iu the neighborhood of this city,
in riding across his farm a few days since, was
suddenly surprised anil alarmed to find his horse
gradually sinking into the earth. He instantly
leaped from the animal, and by so doing his own
life was providentially saved. — The liorse continu-

pOTHERGII.Ii,

I,., his Essay on Natural History, mentions an

incident of his boyish days, of which he says he
never could lose the remembrance, but which gave
rise to sentiments and rules of action since very
dear to him. • "Besides (he cays) a singular ele-
gance of form and beauty of plumage, the eye of
the common lapwing is peculiarly soft and expres-
sive : It is large, black and full of lustre, rolling as
it seems to do in liquid gems of dew. 1 had shot
a bird of this beautiful species, but in taking it up
1 found that it was not dead ; 1 had wounded its
breast and some big drops of blood stained the pure
whiteness of its feathers. As I held the hapless
bird in my hand, hundreds of its companinns hov-
ered round my head, uttering continued shrieks of
distress, and by their plaintive cries appeared to
henioau the fate of one to whom they were con-
nected by tics of the most tender and interesting
nalute: while the poor wounded bird continually
moaned with a kind of inward wailing note expres-
sive of the deepest anguish ; and ever and anon it
raised its drooping head, and turning towards the

LINN.«iAN GARDEN AND NURSERIES.

Flushino . „e«,- New York.-V/M. PRINCE &, SOINS have
iust published iheirAOT Catalogue uith greatly reduced p-tces
Application therefor, and all orders, inusl be seni dutcl to
them per mail. The Fruit Trees are of the largesl size or
iransplaniuig, and suitable for Orchards to come promptly in-
to bearing. Ot Ihe superior new Flemish Pears, and other
i,ew varii^ies, the trees are 3 to 4 years from the gralt, and in
ilie most vigorous stale, as are also the German varieties of
Apples, Cherries, Plums and Peaches, which are so « ell cal-
culated lor a northern climate ; Ornamenial Trees and t lower-
ing Shnbs can be lurnished of the largest size worth treble
ihe once of small ones, as several years are thus gained in
emblllishinenls. In fact those who wish very superior Irees
cante assured of receiving such as cannot lad loguelhen.
salisfacl.on ; ihe immense stock on hand, aflording the tneans
of making superior selections. The collections olliardy t low.
ei"g Planus, Green House Plants, and Bulbous Flower Roots,
have been enriched with all the new varieties, «hich are ofler
ed at very low prices. The assortments ol Roses and Uoubl
Dahlias comprise all the splendid new varieties, and eaci
colleeiion occupies an acre of ground.-A greal discouu
is maoe on both these classes ol flowers, and Splendi
, Dahlias are supplied at g3, ^44 and Sb per dozen, eacl
root a distinct liamed variety ; Chinese » " tie.'y o Moru
Muliicaulis, al S^ P" dozen, p5 per 100; l-^bella Ca
tawba, Wiiiiie, or Buck, and Alexander Grapes, al p pe
dozen or S^O per 100; Superior Lancashire Gooselie_rnes as
tried at S3 p^er doze'n, of SfO per 100 ; Fine Red Raspbei
ries Jili per 100. Where so desired, selections will be mad
ol ihe ii'ost hardy kinds of Fruil and Ornamental Irees an
I'lams -uited to a norihcrn climaie, and the situation ol ol
Nur=ems, which are in a loliy and open exposure, renders lb
ireespaiiicularb hardy. The assorlment ol Garden, F.el.
and Flower Seeds is unrivalled in extent, and forms a complel
tonceniraiion of the choicest varieties known in Kiirope, ai
iliis country, and having been raised under our own inspcclioi
„r orowii expiessly for us by our correspondents, we express,
.ruaraniee their excellence and accuracy, and we ask jio paj
mem where they do not prove exactly as repre.senied. 11
Catalogue contains many new and very superior varieties
veeetable and Flower Seeds, and among the Field bi^ds a
Suferior Proveuce Luzerne, Whii, Uuich Clover, Pacej
oertnmal Rye Grass, New Italian do Early Angus and Hop
own Oats, English Potato Oais weighing 44 lbs. per busbc
Orchard Gra.ss, Tall Oats Grass, Trilohum nicamaium.

Early Cri"'*'"'^^'''*"' ^'""^'' ^'- ^^'°' '°' ^u"i^'' ^'
l„r's Forty lold, or Crimson Nonsuch Potato which is nc
lakiui; precedence of all others in England, and 60 bushels F
lalo Onions. Venders of Seeds will be supplied at very 1<
rites and a credit to suit iheir convenience. W here a lar
number ofTrees,&c. aie wanted, a discount will be made a
a credit allowed if desired, and to Nurseries the terms will
every respect be made favorable. Every invoice emaiialr
from us has our printed heading and signature, and none oih.
ore guar-ntee.l. "''' '°

THE NEW ENG1.AND PABBltK

Is Dublished every Wednesday Evening, at fto per anni
navable at the end ol the ycar-but those who pay wh
sixty days from the lime ol subscribiiig,areenlitlcd to a ded

lion of tifly cents. . ■. . _

g-j. No paper will be sent to a distance without pay»
beinsmacfeinadvancc^^^^^^^

New yoi-/t— G.C. Thorburm.G'' Liberiy-slreel.
^/ian!/—WM.THORBURN,34'i Market-street.
PhUadelphia-M. & C. Landreth,85 Chesnut-street.
Ballimore-l. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Fan
Cincinnati-^. C. Pai<khurst,23 Lower Market-slreet
Flushin-r N. I'.—Wm. Prince & Sons, Prop. Lm. Bol.»
Middlehunj, V<.— Wight Chapman, Merchant.
Ha'tford—GooDViiS &. Co. BookselleTS.
.Vew*i"-w<"-<-EBENEZER Stedman, Bookseller.
Portsmouth. N. U.-i. W. Foster Bookseller.
Aueu>:ta. jWc.—Willard Sn ell. Druggist.
Woodstock, Vt.—i. A. Pratt.
i?aTWOc, iWc.—WM. Mann, Druggist.
HaSfai, A. S.-V.i. Hollasd, Esq. Edilor of Becol

S(. Zoim— Geo. Holton.

Printed for Geo. C. Bareett by Ford & IJamW

NEW ENGL-AJ^D FARMER.

VOL. XIH

PUBLISFftlD liY GEO. C. BAIUiliTT, NO 5' NORTH MAIMlIi-t -.TrrrT^T ^^^^"~' — ^^gg^^ •^^^^m^mm^^m^m

_J:^^^}^^j^2^^^JlilllMAl^^ AoRicuLTCRAL VV^REHousE.)-T. G. FESSENDENy^EDrToT^

BOSTOX,JW^EDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 26, 1834.

From the Norlhampton Courier.
CHIJVESE MUI.BERRY.

The Secretary of the Itain|ishire, Frankhn and
Hampden Agrioiiltiiral Society, furnislies us
with the following facts in relation to silk- worms
and mulberry trees ;

At the late Show of the Hampshire, Franklin
lud Hampden Agricultural Society, Eliznr Good-
ich, Jr. Esq. presented a claim for premiiun on
vhite mulberry, set on his farn) in Montgomery,
- the county of Hampden, and obtained the first

•emium. He states that in 1833 he had 9000 ninl-
terry trees set on one acre — the rows 4 feet !i[>art
nd trees 12 to 18 inches apart in the rosvs. In
831 had 20,000 mulberry trees set on three
cres — the rows six feet apart, and trees 12 to IS
iiches apart in the rows, also 9000 mulberry
ees set on 4 acres, the rows six feet apart and
•ees three feet apart in the rows; that he planted
otaloes between the rows, had a good crop and
mnd the cultivation of the potato was advanta-
Bons to the mulberry trees. Expecting to use
le leaves in the manufacture of silk, he intends to
eep the trees cut down to six or eight feet, fur
le convenience of gathering leaves. The trees
e from three to four years old and very thrifty.

Mr. Timothy Smith of Amherst in the county

Hampshire, also presented his claim for preuii-
n on the white mulberry, and obtained the Soci-
y's premium. He represents that he has 17,443
bite mulberry trees, of which 363S are set' out
I about 100 rods of grounil in rows 8 feet apart
d the trees 2 feet apart in the rows, the residue
t more comjjact for the purpose of toppino- ta
3d worms. He planted potatoes between the
ws, had a great crop and found the hoein"
long the potatoes was beneficial to the mulberrv
!es. From the experience he has had in. feed-
? worms, calculates that half an acre set with

lie mulberry will produce feed for 100,000
\,nns — says he has what he considers five 'spe-
isof worms, viz; the black annual worm, pro-
cing one crop in a year o( yellow cocoons, also
J black worm producing two crops in the year
ydlow cocoons, the grey worm, the large white'
d the small white worm producing two crops in
'ear oC white cocoons. The present year has fed
ly about 30,000 worms, but thinks his midher-
trees might give suflicient feed fur an hundred
lusrind worms.

He had worms on feed when the late severe
St came, and gathered a quantity of haves
ile frozen, packed them in a sack which had
jn used for salt; in this state the leaves were
>t green and in good condition, so that he fed

worms two weeks with them, and the worms
.'onred them with the same avidity as brfore
y had been frozen. The frost completely des-
yed the leaves remaining on the trees. Sir.
lilh now thinks that leaves may be preserved
ongh the winter, for winter and early sprijig
'■ He has 357 promising seedling plants oi'tlie
>qis multicaulis, the product of one paper of

Chinese mulberry seed, which he had of the
i<-ty last spring. On this subject the committee
uld remark that from the source and pecidiar
Jumstances under which the seed was obtained
lu the interior-of China, it is believed to be geii-

NO. 20.

nine and not improbably the first good seed im-
P'lrted. The seed has been distributed into sever-
al towns in ihi; county and generally given a
good return, unless when planted or sown too
deep. Some seed, however, was lost, and did not
vegetate in consequence of sowing too deep. The
most fiivorable depth is about one quarter of an
inch, regard heiug had to the soil.

The seedlings of the present year standing some
distance from each other, gave out side branches
some of which as an experiment, were made into
cuttings, set in the ground with one bud exposed
and did well, although done in a very hot and dry
season, and while the branches were green and
tender. Some seedlings of the present year pro-
duced leaves measuring 9 1-2 by 8 1-2 inches
before the-severe frost, a'nd had the weather con-
tinued mild a kw weeks longer, it is thought
some leaves would have attained the size of 12°to

14 inches. Some seeds were sent northerly and
southerly to a considerable distance, and one par-
cel to the distance of 5 or 600 miles and did well.
Should no more seed be received froin China, there

15 now a sufliciency of grown trees and seedlings
in such forwardness as in a short time to supply
the whole limits of the Society with the real Morus
multicaulis.

PACKIJTG PtiAKTS, &c. FOR EXPORT ATIOIV.

Messrs. .ludibcrls' Mode of packing Plants to be
sent to great d{sta7ices. The boxes in which the
plants are to be placed are first lined with double
oiled paper, to prevent access of air and escape of
moisliire. Moss after being slightly watered, is
iheii slufled in about the plants, and the lid is put
on m such a manner as to be air tight. Messrs.
Audihert are of opinion that plants In a dormant
state, such as vines, may be sent in this state to
any distance in temperate climates; and even to
the tropics, provided a mixture of soil or sand
were put in along with the plants, for the shoots
to run in. — Busby's Vineyards of Spain a7id France.
The Conductor of London's Magazine remarks
on (he above that " Glass cases inay be rendered
perfectly air tight, and yet admit of the Contraction
and expansion of the air, by having a small reser-
voir of water fiir the exjianded air to act upon."

The following is from Loudon's Gardener's Mag-
azitie for September last:

A Mode of packing Fruit Trees for Exportation
IS given m VI. 311. I received last monlli a pack-
age of fruit trees from Boston, North Am(-riea, from
Mr. \V. Kenrick, whose jVew American Orchardist
is reviewed in IX. 354. I send a description of
Mr. Kenrick's mode of packing, which I think an
approvable one for publication. He lays the roots
m wet moss, and this is secured by bass mats, not
only about the roots, but clear from the stems'. A
strong stake is placed in the centre of a bundle of
trees, and these are well packed it) straw, and bass
mats, not put into a box. It appears to me that
this mode is preferable to packing the trees in a
box ; for, when the roots are packed in wet moss,
and the branches are laid bare in the box, a con-
siderable degree of damp arises from the mass, and
stagnates upon the branches, to the destruction of
some of the trees, as when the trees are unpacked
and exposed to the air, the branches of some of

them turn black and jmrple in several places, and
the trees soon die. On the contrary, when the
trees are not packed in a box, the dampness from
the wet moss is allowed to escape, and the branch-
es are not injured by the stagnation of it upon
them. The trees I have received from Mr. Ken-
rick were not at all affected in their branches but
were perfectly free 'from all disease, and' the
branches of the pear trees had sent out youn-
shoots among the straw. The following are the
names of the kinds of fruit trees which I have re-
ceived from Mr. Kenrick : all of them are describ-
eVl in his .\"cw American OrcharMsl.

Apples — American summer pearmain, Benone,
St. Lawrence, Maiden blush. Summer queen. Sum-
mer rose, William's apple, Aunt's apple, Kenrick's
red autumn, Killam Hill, Newark king, Hubbund-
ston's Nous, Marquise, Peck's jileasant, Pennock
red wmter, Priestley, Royal pearmain.

Pears— Julienne, Dix, Gore's, Heathcot Lodge,
VVjlkmson, Lewis, Thomson, Cushon.— .W. Said]
Suhjard Street, Lancaster, June 7, 1S34.

From the Aorthampton Cornier.
PliVE HEIPEU C.ILF.

I HAVE this morning seen and weiirhed on itiy
scales, a very fine heifer calf, an a.count of whicji
as given me by the owner, may be gratifying to
such of your readers as take"an interest in" the
great subject of the improvement of stock. The
heifer 1 speak of is six months old to-day, and
weighs 4H7 "iS. She belon,G-s to Messrs. Hu'-'tiiig-
tons of Hadley. She was sired by their full-
blooded Durham hull. Nelson, (of the improved
short-horned breed) and her dam was also of Eng-
lish blood ; but this is her first calf. The heifer
in question weighed 108 lbs. when otfe day old.
When one month ohi, she weighed 150 lbs. • hav-
ing gained 42 lbs. in 31 days.— But her v^eight
has increased in a much greater ratio since that
tune, her increase since the 1st of June bavins
been 337 lbs— whicli gives an average ot anout 2
1-3 lbs. a day. She ran with her dam 3 1-2
months. She was not exhibited at the late fair at
West Springfield on account of the distance ; and
this may serve as an apology for troubling -you
with this communication. N. Coolidce

Hadley, Nov. 1, 1834.

POTATOES AS POOD FOR SHEEP.

Im conversation with a gentleman (who has
travelled about a good deal) some weeks since
about managing and raising stock, &c. be told me'
m travelling in the western part of this state, or in
Ohio, some years since, be stopped at an old Qua-
ker's house to stay all night : and while there, he
saw some one about the establishment chopping
up potatoes, to about the size of pariridge eggs.
He inquired what the chopping mass v\as intended
for: the Quaker replied, "It is lor my sheep:
with chopped potatoes and a small quantity of hay,
I can keep a flock of sheep fiitter and in better
health than any other way I have ever tried or
seen tried."

The gentleman says he saw the flock of sheep
before he left, and finer fatter looking sheep he
never saw — Farmer's Register.

154

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOVEMBER SB, 1«.^4.

From the InteUigsiicer and E.vpositor.
IMPROVEMENT OP SOIL,.

If an iniiui.i"g "'"I'l ^^'1' S" ■"'° '''^ '''"'"'';
where ll.e soil is vvluU we tr.vm rich laiifl, aiu
view nature at work, in nature's own way, lie wiU
discover readilv, that lor a considerahlo depth this
rich soil is a composition of vcgetahle matter |.rui-
cipally, more or less deco,nposed,-in coni.noi,
lan.'ua-e well rotted. He will discover, that what
he applies the name of soil to is co.nposed, almost
entirely, of the decayed leaves of the trees with
weeds and grass, and rotten wood— perhaps the
production of centuries. But on a nice examina-
tion of this rich soil, he will he compelled to con-
clude, from evidence before his senses, mconlro-
vertihle, that decayed leaves, form the prmcpal
part If he wishes for conclusive corroborating
testimonv, he will heap up a mass of thein in a
pen, sprhikling the mass with lime, and he will
find after the process of fermentation, and decom-
po'^ition has done its office, that the product wdl,
on application to poor soil, produce the finest veg-
etation, and prove to his senses that it contams
the pabulum, or food of plants, in a high d,gree
l!v still going on with his experiment, he will hnd
ultimately, that leaves when decomposed, with the
aid of decomi.osing agents, produce an admirable
assistant to vecetation, and by forming a mass of
leaves, spriidding the leaves as he forms the mass,
with lime, and adding a small portion of rich
moist earth amongst the vegetable matter, he will
fiud on applying it to the earth for the purpose
of aiding vegetation, that he has got a l>ile ol ma-

Fi'om this evidence before him he will readily
conclude, if capable of the operation of common
sense, that for the pm|)ose of littering animals, and
as an assistant, in forming a compost manure
leaves, especially if gathered while charged wul
their whole elementary principles, must be an ad-
mirable auxiliary, in the production of the dung-
stead, and worthy of being most assiduously col-
lected for th.at purpose.

Amongst weeds, or green vegetable substances,
experiment has aml-ly decided, that those which
produced the most putrid and nauseous effluvia,
during fermentatiou, were found prodiicmg the
most active efieci on the growing crop. This fact
seems to settle, by positive proof, the correctness
of the theory of many pUmts feeding rapidly on
-asos, Evolved during the process of fermentation,
Through the medium of their leaves. As- it would
be highly desirable, previous to laying down any
plan for making miinnre, in the form of composi,
to have some idea of the relative value of dififereiii
ingredients, which present for that purp<ise, it may
bo" proper to have some facts placed bef.ire us.
Leaves piled up in a piui, with alternate thin strata
„r swamp mud, when partially decomposed are
found a superior prepanition for the Irish polnto
crop. I'llt around the roots of fruit trees, this
compost has been found to produce a In-allby aii.l
vi>'orou3 growth. Its operation has hern nmili
incHNised in its efficacy, by llie aibliiiou of lime to
the mass. The finest Irish potatoes that 1 have
seen produceil iu a sonlberu climate, were pro-
duced by the addition of this compost.

A pen was made with small rails, a stratum of
leaves, trampled down to twelve inches in depth,
a spriukliug of lime added, after sprinkling the
leaves well wiih muddy wal.r three or fiuir inches
of swamp mud was then adiled, and this course

This compost was made up iu the fall, on the first
fdliug of the leaves, and applied to the potato crop
in the spring. The effect on the following crop
of CORN, was all that could he desired. A second
pile was constructed with a stratum of leaves, two
feel thick, sprinkled well with lime, previously,
with muddy water— two carts came up, the one
loaded witli swamp mud, and the other with dung
—from opposite sides the throwing on commenced,
at equal pace, so as to mingle the two last well :
on the layer of mud and manure being completed,
*ay about four inches thick, another layer of leaves
was added— sprinkled witU water from a pond
then lime, mud and manure, and continued, until
the pile was about six feet in height— a little earth
was thrown on the top— I am satisfied the same
volume of dung, spread over the same surface,
would not have exceeded in production, euher m
Ihe potato or corn crop, that followed, and to
which the composition was applied, on planting.
In both cases the manure was applied in the drill,
hut plentifully. The fi.llowing crop on both
..rounds was cotton— it was superior— the seed
was drilled in the ohl corn, and potato rows, open-
ed with a Scooter plough. The following year,
seed that came from the cotton, the year previous,
was applieil to a second corn crop, which nuich
surpassed the first, indeed was amongst the finest
corn crops to be fimnd— Wheat aud Rye followed
and were superior.

1 give this detail to show that the efficacy of
leaves, is decided, iu their action on plants, as a
I manure, when decomposed, for iu the crops .above
Slated they were the basis of the manure that was
applied, it being jicrfectly impossible for nil the
dung, and liu.e, that was employed for the forma-
ti,m of the compost, to have produced halt the ef-
fect, when spread over the soil, or used as the

composi was apidied.

Planter.

FASHION.

Fashion rules the world, and a most tyrannhal
mistress she is— compelling people to .^nhniitto
ihe most inconvenient things imaginable, for lash-
ion's sake.

She pinches our feet with tight shoes, or chokes
us with a tight neckhamlkerchief, or squeezes the
breath out of our body by tight lacing ; she mak.i
peoide sit up by night when they ought to l)e m
hed,andke.-psihem iu bed when they ought to bo
up and doing. She makes it vulgar to wait on ones
self and fenteel to live idle and useless.

She makes people vksit when they would rather
stay at home, eat when they are.noi hungry, ami
drink when they are not thirsty.

She invades "our pleasure, and iuterrupis our
business.

She compels the people to dress gaily, whetin r
upon their own property or that of others, wheth-
er agreeable to the word of God or the dlclales.

of piide.

She ruins health and produces sickness— des-
I troys life and occasions premature death.

She makes foolish parents, invalids of children
and servants of us all.

She is a tormentor of conscience, despoiler o
morality, an enemy to religion, and no one can h.
her rouiliaiiioii aud enjoy either.

She is a despot of the highest grade, full of m
trigue and cunning, and yet husbands, wi\es, lath
ers, mothers, sons, daughters, and serxanls, blac
and white, voluntarily have become her servant
and slaves, and vie with one another, to see wh
shall be most obsequious.

ROUND SHOT.

A correspondent in the United States Gazette
gives the following as the origiu of the discovery
i)[' making round shot :

" My i'alber was a plumber in this city, and foi
a Ion" lime could think ui' nothing but how to makf
round shot. Round Shot was the hunhen of tin
ni<.ht as well as the day. One night he wa>
awikeiied by a blow in the back from my mother
who exclaimed, I have found out how to make
,„,Mul sJ.ot. I dreamed I was going into a shop
to buy the child {myself,) a hal,^vhen, on hearing
a his>ing noise proceed from an inner room, I was
informed that they were making round shot : on
.r>,iu<' in, 1 looked up and saw n man pouring
melteil lead through a sieve at the top of the build-
in., which f.dl into a tub of water on the floor,
and' on taking some of the shot in n,y hand, 1

f, I they w.u-e perfectly round ! Hly father ex-

,.|;,i„„.,| i„ testacy, you have found it .ml— unmc-
,|iately he set the melling pot to woik, and on
pouiiug smue of the h a,l fVomihe top .d' the stairs
he found the shot much rounder than any which
he had before made ; at .layligbt he poured some
from the top of the leaning tower in the city, suc-
ceeded much better; and on pouring some froui
Ihe shaft .da mine, he found that he had obtained
" round shot."

Thus the discovery was made by Mrs. Watts,
and in justice it ought always to have been kuown

ot sw.imn muu was loun .i,,.,»..,, „,■•. ,,■-. -i j . . , ,

cLtinued until Ihe pen was six feel iu height. I as Mrs. Watt.' patent shot.

MAXIMS.

ET GOETHE.

A capital error, is that we think ourselves grea
er than we are, aud value ourselves at less than v

are fully worth.

Music, in the best sense is little iu want of n
velty; oi'i the contrary, the older it is, »n<l l
m.u-e'one is accustomed to it, by so much the grec

er the effect. .

The best which we have from history is the e
thusiasni it excites.

Deeply and earnestly reflecting meu occupy
evil position as regards ibe public.

If I am to assent to the opinion of another,
must be positively pronounced ; 1 have enough
llie problematical in myself.

Literature is ihe fragu.iMit of fragments ; the le
of that which happeue.l aud has been said, has be
written : of what has been written the least \
has survived.

lie who is content with pure experience a
acts accordingly has trnib enough. The grow
child is wild ill this sense.

Theory, in aud for itself, is nothing worth,
in so far as it makes us believe in the connect
of the phenomena.

Certain books appear to be written, not that
may ham any thing from them, but that we i
know that the author knew something.

The dust which is on the point of being laid
some lime to come, raises itself powerfully lor
last time before the storm.

He who is ignorant of foreign languages is
uorant of his own.

We do not possess what we do not understi
Foresight is simple ; retrospect, uniform.
Men need only grow old to become loleruiM
see no fault coininilled by royielf.

VOL. xm. jfo. 80.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

Sdiiiu one i)ur.sUoiii;i| Tiiiioii (tliB riiaii-haier)
as to tile Kiliipatidii of Ins cliildrun. Have tlieiii,
saiil lie, insliucled in lliat wliicli they will never
COMl|iielien<l.

He who feels no love, must learn to flatter, or
he will not get on.

I c;in (ironiise to lie ti|)riglit, hut not iiii|iartial.

In<;ratitnile is a kinil of weakness. I Ijuve nev-
er found ahle men nnurateful.

Aecoinpli.shed people are always the hest Con-
irersatioMs- Lexicon.

In every work of art, preat or little, even down
o the littlest, all depends upon the coneepliun.

The question ; which stands highest, the His-
orian or the I'oet ? ought not to he projjosed ;
hey contend against each other as little as the run-
ler and the hoxer. His proper crown is due to
ach.

My relation to Schiller was founded upon the
ecidfd ilirection of holh towards one object ; our
ommon activity upon the ditrvr(;Mce of the means
y which we sought to reach it.
Several siyings of the ancients, wliich people
•e accustoiueil to rcfieat, had a totally dift'orcnl
eaniiig from tlnit which is given to tliem in nio-
^rn times.

Men liken themselves to those whom they praise.
Courage and modesty are the most midonhted
rtues ; for they are of a kind that hy|ioorisy can-
it imilate; they have also the property in com-
on of expre.ssing themselves botli hy the same
le.

Respect for self governs our morality ; respect
r others governs our helun ior.
In the spring and autumn we tliiiik little of a fire,
d yet it happens that if we come upon one hy ac-
lent, we (iinl the feelings communicated hy it so
reealile, ihat we feel inclined to indulge them,
lis would prohahly he found analogous to every
iiptaliun.

SILK BIANUPACTURE.

A GREAT estahlishment for the jirodiict and
nulactme of silk, is in progress near OIncyville
lode Island. On a most lieautiful spot, an as.so-
tion has planted many mulherry trees, and in-

d .soon ft) have 1.5,000 of them ready for use

je niimhers lieing alieaily four years old. They
fe also some newly invented machinery at vv<u-k
way of experiment, which succeeds well in
hug ihe silk from the cocoons — a very difficull
I tielieate operation.

■V" I Ii ilesire to see the culture of silk a<l-

eed, and its first most common manufutures
ipleiely estal.lislied. It will afford a fining and
uiifol emphiyment for thousands of females—

I New England might, (and, as it were, wiihoui

effort) add six or eight millions of (hiHars to

annual product of values from this source
le.

t is, on every account, to be wished that new
doyinents iimy he found for women and girls,
icialiy widows.and orphans at home — to whoni

II the earning of two or three dollars a we. k
roaches a slate of independence and safety; and
hies them to live comfortably, Bccordmg to
r unostentatious and |uudential views. We
not without the hope of yet seeing many vil-
s or hamlets, (asylums of virtuous, but poor,
iiles,) where the culture ond first operation o(

may afford a wholesome and happy employ-
it to thousands — jViUs' Eegisler.

ITEMS OF ECONOMY, &c.

Galheimg and Preservivg Fruit. In gathering
the fruit, great care is requisite. The great eiror
into \\\i\cAi most persons run is gathering too soon ;
aluays allow the Iruit to hang on as long as possi-
ble, or oiherwise it wilhers and becomes tasteless.
Always gathur them quite dry, and be careful not
to bruise them ; take them at once to the fruit
room, and place them in the drawers, in layers
singly ; cover over the first layer with dry saw-
dust, and jilace another layer, and- so on till the
business is compleied. There is no difiiculty in
this mode of fireserving, (in a fruit room cool and
well ventilated,) ajiples and pears throughout Way
and .Fune.

Tomatoes — when ripe ntay be preserved a year
m a strong solution of salt in water, without boil-
ing or any culinary preparation whatever. When
taken out of the brine for use, they must be steep-
ed some hours in fresh water. — Belgian Hort.Jour.
Leather Machine: Mr. Samuel Haynes, a shoe-
maker of Belfast, Me. has invented a machine for
cutting shoe leather into vamps and quarters with
a most astonishing rapidity. One man, it is saiil,
will cut more shoes in one hour with this machine
than twelve men can cut by hand in a day.

Preserve your Vessels. A gentleman who has
tried the exjieriment, recommends all slii|)-builders
to put between the ceiling and plank, pulverized
charcoal, which is a much better preservative than
salt — it is much lighter, and prevents the dry rot,
absorbing, as the charcoal does, all the acidity of
the wood. The same article is also very useful in
preserving meats, fruits, &c. which, hy its aston-
ishing quality may be sent to any part of the
world without injury. Try it, and be convinced
—A". Y. Gazette.

Influence of Color on Heat, the Deposition of Dezo,
and of Odors. Dr. Stark, in n paper in Jameson'.s
Journal, vol. xvii, p. 65, has shown, hy experi-
ment, that one principle operates in the production
of all the above results. A black color, whether
in solids or fluids, absorbs heat most rapidly, and
parts with it most rapiilly ; dew is also deposited
more rapidly on this color than on any other, ami
with proportionate rapidity evaporated from ii.
Oilors, whether agreeable, offensive, or of jnfic-
tioiis diseases, are, in like manner, absorbed wiih
greater rapiiliiy, and in grealei- qnanlity, in a "iveii
lime, by l,|ack colors; and <liscbarged hy these
colors with proporiiunate quickness. The other
colors are next ifleclive to black in the order ol
blue, brown, green, red, yellow, and lastly white ;
which last absorbs and gives out heal, dew, and'
odor, iiiciie slowly than any other color. These
tacts will afford valuable hints to gardeners for the
colors of walls, of walks, of rock work, of soils, ol
coverings lor proiection, and even of their dresses.

Business of Franklin, Massachusetts. It is stal-
ed that in the town, (or township) of Franklin
near Wreniham, Rlass. containing a population of
nboiit 1,700 persons, ihe value of the straw hats
iii.iiiul,.riniiil by the females is between 75 000
•uid 80,000 dollars a year.

The difference. An Editor some time since of-
lered a reward of one thousand dollars to any per-
son who would find a dift'erenre between Ihe To-
nes of '76 and the Whigs of '34. A lady claims
the reward, having found their distinction to be
Ibis— that the Tories of '76 wore short breeches,
and the Whigs of '34 wear puiitaloons.

155

Some Remarks on the Cultivation of tlie^i^w-
bernj, read bfore Lon. Horl. Snc. Flat tiles, paint-
ed black, are laid down round the plants, just as
they are going out of flower. The tiles seem to
be lormed on purpose ; for they are described as
having at least half a circle cut out of each tile, in
order that they may fit closely to the plants. " The
tiles during the day will not only prevent the ex-
halation of moisture from the soil, hut also collect
a great body of heat from the sun, and consequent-
ly form the fruit early, large and well flavored."

" To make a Mimde Pudding, Stir flour into
boiling milk, the consistence of a thin hasty pud-
ding, and in 15 or 20 minutes it will be fit for the

table. Serve with sauce to suit tiie taste." Cid-

tivator.

I should call this a 20 minute pudding— I have
seen many made in this way, but never saw a
good one.

Hang over your tea kettle ; let it boil briskly :
while it is heating, put your flour in a basin ; wet
it as you would do starch with cold water ; then
[pour on your boiling water, keeping the flour stir-
ring while the hot water is going on; in one min-
ute it will be fit for the table, tender, transparent,
and sweet. Too much water should not he put
on or it will be too thin ; just enough to cook the
"""'■• A Housekeeper. .

P. S. — This pudding may he made of rye, wheat,
or buckwheat flour ; the batter of buckwheat cakes,
if boiling water be poured on as above, will make
a minute pudding. — Ohio Farmer.

Sixty tons of Squashes have been raised the past
season, on one acre and a quarter of hind in Rox-
liury, Massachusetts. Happy—yea thrice and six
times bap|iy, are those who have cousins living in
itoxbiiry, whom they may visit at thanksgiving
nine, and partake of their pumpkin pies, whereof
squashes make tlie \ery best.- .V. Y. Transcript.

The cost of producing and marketing a crop of
hops, has been computed by those well acquainted
with the business not to exceed tight cents per
pound ; and the comimm yield at full fifteen hun-
dred pounds to the acre. The price in the market
ihis year, is from eighteen to twenty cents per
pound, yielding a nett profit lo the farmer of full
ivvelve i-eiils on every poimd of hiqis, after paying
niiilays of every description. This computation
gives one hundred and eighty dollara clear income
for every acre of land in growing hojis Sag Har-
bor Telegraph.

Manufactured .Articles in Sehools. In the Que-
bec Mercury we find, under the liead of Canadian
hidiistiy, the subjoined advertisement:

" For sale, at the Schools of Mr. Perranlt, St.
Lewis' Suburbs, [manufactuied by the school boys]
to wil — bay rakes, sowing machines, harrows,
ploiiLdis, vAiiiier sleiglis, machines for carrying huy,
hot-bi'd lioxes, hubs, flabs, &c.

" Manufactured by the school girls — Carpets,
worsted stripes, linens, long and short stockings,
i;loves, mittens, bonnets, sashes, worsted, cotton
anil flax susjienders.

"Those who wish to supply the materials, will
iret agricultural implements manufactured, and
worsted and hemp carded at moderate jiriceB.
"Quebec, 11th Sept. 1834."

In the ruins of Hercxdaneum an ancient vase bs«
recently been found, containing a pickled orange is
a good state of preservatioo.

156

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

?9?

From Notes of a TrmdUr in the Northern iitates.
SHADE TREES-INTEMPERANCE.

Incomkstihi.y many comforts (iiid ailvaiitages
of dittereiit kinds migiit uccnii; from the improve-
meiit of ArchitectLiriil taste and science, in our
country at large. A sightly mansion may be erect-
ed at less expense than is often bestowed on a i)de
of deformity ; and not only convenience but health
may be secured by a judicious plan in budding.
The planting of trees on i)rivate grounds often
contributes to the gratilication of neighbors and
the beauty of a town ; and the laying out and <lec-
orating of public squares, althongh so generally
neglected among us, might be easily rendered sub-
servient to the improvement of a public taste, m-
telligence and morality. Whoever lias been in
Switzerland or other foreign countries, where ru-
ral seats are provided at the way side, near foun-
tains, on hill tops, or under the most venerable
shades, for the convenience of foot travellers,
must recal wtth pleasure the agreeable impressions
they give of the refinement of the iidiabilunts.
Wliat a total absence of all such feelings, on the
contrary, is caused as we pass along our own
roads, to see no trace of any thing done for the
benefit of a stranger! The roadside is often studi-
ously deprived of foliage ; and il is rare that so
much as a roclc can be found proper to afford a
convenient seat. On entering our villages also, is
there any little grove, or even a single tree provid-
ed with benches from which one may survey the
objects around him ? A trough may have been
placed for the benefit of the cattle, to receive the
water of a rill ; but why is man considered as so
far beneatli all notice ? The iim and the driidiing
ehop are indeed open, but would not their evil in-
fluence be diminished if every village Were pro-
vided with a little shady green, furnished at least
with a few seats in the shade, where the youth and
age of the place might meet at sunset in the sum-
mer? With how little expense might the spot be
beautified, and if necessary, protected by a keeper 1
Winding paths are easily made, trees are easdy
planted, and will grow if let alone ; flowers afford
a chea|) and delightful ornament; and how easily
might tasteful arbors and rotundas be supjjlied
with a vase, a bust, or even a statue, such as na-
tive artists can easily produce!

There is one continual somce of pleasure to the
traveller in our country, let his course be turned
in almost every direction, that Is the evident de-
cline of intemperance. Even when I have been
passing through places with which I was least ac-
quainle<l, the evidences I have found of the do-
minion of this evil, have seemed like springs m
the wilderness; but in region^ which I have
known in less favorable limes, the changes are so
evident and so numerous, as to excite great pleas-
ure, I hope not uniniugleil with gratitude to Him,
who has said to the flood of devastation, " here
shall thy proud waves be stayed." How many u
pang oi" keen, sympathetic misery have 1 been
spared on my tour, by the partial scorching of that
serpent, that infernal deiiu)n, which was so lately
rangitig unchecked through onr country ? How
blesseil is the deliverance from such a monster!
It is with anguish now that 1 recal the days when
Itso often dreaded to inquire, in a family circle or
in a public festival for some one 1 missed from
bis placf!, lest the mention of his name should
wrest from tortured lips a confession that would
scorch the cheeks and scarify the heart.

The late prevaleuce of iuleinperance, I trace in

part to the broad foundations laid in the times
preceding our own. The close of the ^war left
the country in au immoral condition. The dis-
banding of the army converted our villages almost
into camps, so far as habits of men were concern-
ed ; and the vicious practices of soldiers co-oper-
ating with the desultory employment of leisure
time', which is naturally produced by a long peri-
od of war and public calamities, stamped a low
character upon society through a great part of the
country. Public calamities had proved fatal in a
thousand instances to private fortunes ; ami n)any
of those i)ersons who might otherwise have jios-
sessed the means of oHtaining an education, were
cut off from it by poverty, or by the prolonged de-
preciation of learning in the public estimation.
Gunpowder, bayonets, soldiers and military skill
I were objects of praise and admiration; and as
taste and literature could not purchase these, they
were but slightly esteemed. Of course, peace
found the country abounding in many young and
empty heads, and what was worse with morals
corrupt beyond their years. It was the teiulency
of such a state of things to honor the tavern, and
to break up the family circle ; and in many a town
and village the former was the greatest resort of
fathers and sons, while the mothers were too often
left to solitary regret and tears among the broken
fragments of the latter. Who does not remember
something of such a state of society ? Who at
least has not perceived traces of it in the Baccha-
nalian stories, and the tSles of village wit, whose
narration to a later generation has often served to
depict tlie tavern in colors and associations too at-
tractive to the children of a reformed or sobered
father ? To the discredit of a state of society now
fast wearing out of fashion, a large part of our tra-
ditionary narratives, and hnm(n-, and sketches of
local biography, are mingled with the oaths and
intoxication of the inn, or the more dangerous
liiiigunge and examples of fashionable diuner par-
lies and drinking bouts in city life.

NOVEMBER 26, 1S34.

es, ice. take those occasions. But it is mineces-
sary to multi|dv the things that might be made or
rep'aired in such times. Every farmer that looks
around him (if he is not in the habit of so dom^i
will find the wood work on his place lamentably
out of repair. .

Besides, every fiirmer should accustom himsell
to the use of tools. When he wants a small job
done, it wastes as much time often as it is worth,
to go several miles after a carpenter. I know
some farmers who havenota hatchet, <lrawii,g,
knife, auger, plane or work bench about their
place! The consequence is, their jobs and repairs
generally go undone, and they have nothing to do
lalf ihe"ir time in rainy weather. Is this econo-

my = Vet such men will carry their grain hve-
miles further to a tiiarket where they can get iwa
cents more on a bushel. Poor Richard.

From the Genesee Fanner.
RAINY DAVS.

How much time is thrown away by some far-
mers when the weather will u.ot |iermil them to
work out doors. And how well this time might
be improved ! There are many days and hours of
wet weather in a year in which it is impossible to
to do any work on the farm, and when these are
lost, as they are to many furiners of my acquain-
tance, thev amount to a considerable suni. " Time
is money" as my grandfather used to say ; and
fnrtlur, " Take care of the pence and the pounds
will take care of themselves."

Now if this is good advice in money matters, it
will surely apply to economy in lime, to those
liours and half days when the rain drives us under

cover.

Well, bow are these hours to be best improved.
I will tell you my brother farmers. Get yourself
a set ol- Curpenter's Tools, and make a work bench,
and if you can plane a board and drive a nail, you
will find enough to occupy all your spare time.

The tools will cost but five or six dollars— such
as are most necessary, and then you will be able
10 keep your out buildings, fences and many ol
your farming implements in good repair. If your
liiirn or stable doors break down, inend it immedi-
ately the first rainy day. If a board is loose, put a
nail in it or replace it. If you want any plain,
useful kitchen furniture, such as pine tables, bench-

SETTIKG OUT TREES.

Very early last spring, on a warm rainy day, I
went to a neighboring nursery and gave a dob.r
fur my choice of twenty of its finest ajiple ire. s.
I was careful to cut oft' all damaged roots ami a
part of the top ; then in fine soil, on the same d.-.y,
I set oul these trees, taking great care not to era. i,|;
in the least degree the fibrous roots, excavalii.);
for some of them a liole seven or eight ieet broa.
(the trees were not more than one and a hall mcl
in diameter,) digging deep and putting compn.
and the best soil at the bottom. Thus they re
mained until grafting time in May, when prnii ,
ed and grafted as high as the size would admit i
from five to eight feet, taking care to leave one o
two small branches to perform tlie functions o
elaborating the sap, till the scions should be snfll
cienlly grown for that purpose. This was a to
-ether an experiment with me ; thus far it lia
succeeded well. Every wound healed, and ever ■
tree has now a firm and healthy young top— Ih i
scions grew from one to two feet last sumnier
and some of them grew over the old slock. Eigl I
or ten of them blossomed, and some ol them prci
duced apples though none of them came to matH
rity. 1 prefer to have the end bud on the scion,
If any of your readers or correspondents c»
sn.Tgest, through the Northern Farmer, any m
provements on my mode of setting an»t graltui|
some other brother farmer may get a valnal)
bint and I obtain encouragement lo try the pel
,be following spring. Indulge me to throw oi
one hint to those who intend lo graft next sprin
Sweet apples are sahl to be worth double to sou.
and equally valuable with potatoes for fattenit
bogs or cattle. It is important therefore to sele.
your scions from the richest varieties of the swe,
apple, if your object be to raise apples (or yo.
live stock. — 'VoW/icj-n Farmer.

CARE OP THE AGED.

As having their own way, is one of the greaU
comforts of life to old people, I think their fVien
^li.uild endeavor to accommodate them in that,
well as in any thing else. When they have lo
lived in a lioiise, it becomes natural to them ; th
are almost us closely connected witli it as the U
loise with his shell : they then die, if you U
tliem out of it— old folks and old trees, if you
move them, 'tis ten lo one you will kill theni ;
let our good old sister be no more importuned
tl,at head. We are fast growing old ourselves, a
we shall expect the same kind indulgences ; an<
we give them, we shall have a right lo rece
Ihem iu our nxn.— Franklin's Familiar Letier».

vot,. X:ill. NO. 30.

AND HOllTICOLTUrlAL JOURNAL.

157

tAVING DOWJV GRASS Li.VNUS.

In 1825, the Massacluiselts Agriculturul Society
awanlerl a preiiiiuui of .s30 to tlie Rev. Worrill
Ali.f.n, ("or Ills experiment to prove the best season
and Mioile of laying down lands to grass. The ful-
lovviuj; is Alien's statement :

" Several di-appointnients in my expectation of
a Crop of Grass al'ier sowing the seed in the Spring
with Grain induced nje as early as tlie year 1807
to try tlie eflocts of Anmninal sowing; my first ex-
jierinnint was made on alionr 16 rods of land, a part
of which was sovveil in the month of Ocloher with
Ilye and Herds Grass, and llie resiiiiie with Herds
Grass seeil alone ; the cold weather did not com-
mence very early in lliat year, and hoth the Rye
and Grass had consiilerahly extended their lools
l)efore winter. In the following Snmmer, at the
time of reaping, the Grass had grown so tall among
the Rye that ninch of it was cut with the sickle ;
bnt it appeared less healthy and vigorons than the
Grass which was sowed alone ; this produced near-
ly a full crop the first year, and endured unusually
well afterwards. The next year the crop where
the Rye had hecn raised, appeared lo me to he
considerahly better than usual after Spring sowing
with grain, hut less than on the other part ; the
r(-sult of this experiment encouraged me lo sow
Grass seed in the Fall, find without Grain. In
several successive years I ploughed and sowed my
fields after Indian Harvest; the crops were gener-
ally much more abundant than Spring sowing; but
in some ijislances when the Autiunn proved cold,
the first crop was imperlect, and internfixed with
some weeds ; I supposed earlier sowing would be
more certainly successful ; and in 1820, about an
acre and a quarter of land, which had been naked
fallovve<l, was soweil with Herds Grass and Red
Clover, between the 1st and 20th of September.
In 1621, the Herds Grass was ripe for cutting;
at the lisual season, the 1.5tli of July, it was
imusually tall, but not so thick set as in subse-
quent years ; very little of Clover a|)|)eared the first
year; it increased in the second imd third years;
the usual order seemed to be exactly reversed in
this instance. When Clover and Herds Grass are
sowed with Spring Grain, the first crop is chiefly
Clover ; afterwards there is a greater proportion of
Herds Grass ; this circumstance has led many farm-
ers to the conclusion that it requires more time to
establish the roots of Herds Grass in the earth, and
prepare them to produce a fidl crop, than it does
the rootsof Clover ; every experiment I have made
has tended to prove this a wrong conclusion, and
that Herds glass naturally comes forward earlier
than Clover — the reason why the appearance has
so often been otherwise, probably is the obstruc-
tion produced by the Grain crop on the growth of
Grass ; the Clover being a tap-rooted plant, is not
so much obstructed as the Herds grass ; and draw-
ing some of its noufishment from a greater depth,
it soon ascends the injury ; miobstriictcd by Grain,
I have observed that Herds grass always takes the
lead of Clover in its growth. In the Spring of
1823 I ploughed about three acres of land on
which Indian corn grew the preceding year ; near-
ly half the ficKl was a cold clayey soil, ami the
residue a gravelly knoll ; it was sowed the 1st of
May with Oats, Herds grass, and Clover seed ; an-
other field of 3 acres, the soil clayey, ami apparently
of the same quality with the low part of the other
field, was naked fallowed ; it was ploughed 4 or 5
times, and sowed with Herds grass and Clover, the
I 1st Sept. ; the comparison could properly he made

oidy between the low part of the first field, and this
where there was no perceivable dillerence in the
character of the soils ; in 1824 the quantity of hay
per acre on the land sowed in the fidl was at least
double to that ou the land sowed in the spring,
and with grain ; the past season the difference
was not as great, yet very observable. The same
experiment was repeated in 1824 on about 4 acres
of light sandy soil ; the seed on the fallowed land
in that year was sowed the last of August : the
season was uncomm only dry ; and where oats
were sowed scarcely any herds-grass appeared the
past season ; but that part sowed with grass-seed
alone produced a good crop for light soil, and at
this time there appears to be on it a sufiicient
number of grass plants, while the other part of the
field looks like exhausted land. From the. results
of these several experiments I am led to believe
the best lime to commit grass seed to the earth, is
from the 15th of August to the 15th of September ;
this time seems to accord with tlie intentions of
nature, it is the season of ripeness in the seed,
when it spontaneously falls on the ground ; grass
seed which is sowed in the last of summer or the
beginning of aniuiiin, is rarely if ever obstructed in
its early growth by drouth, which often proves des-
tructive to young jdants in the summer months; it
gets firm hold of the ground before winter, and in
the following springgrows more rapidly than grass
on land which has been hardened by the heat of
summer and the growth of a grain crop. Tlie
season which appears to me to he the best for sow-
ing grass seed, is far from being the most conve-
nient for farmers ; they cannot often do it at that
lime without loo little preparation of the soil to
receive seed, or the loss of one crop ; my experi-
ments have proved lo my own satisfaction, that
much later sowing is preferable lo spring sowing
with grain ; in one instance I prepared tlie land
late in the fidl, aud cast the seed on the snow with
very good success; on fields designed to be alter-
nately in grass and tillage, the common practice of
sowing grass seed in the s|iring with grain, may
consist with good husbandry, for as often as wel
seasons ensue, ihe grass will prosper tolerably
well, and in case of a drouth which destroys the
grass, the rotation may he changed without any
other loss than thai of the seed ; but on fields
which are unsuitable for frequent plonghings,
when we wished lo have the cultivated grasses re-
main as long as possible, and on sandy soils
where it is difficult to get a sufficient number of
grass plants established, the loss of a single crop
is trifling in comparison with the gain which will
be realized by sowing grass seed in the inoiuli of
August. In awarding this premium the Conimil-
tee do not mean to admit that the experimenl of
Mr. Allen proves conclusively that this is tlie best
method of laying down land to grass; but that the
labor and results of his several exiieriinerus induce
them to recommend that the premium be awarded
to him.

■WARLIKE DISPOSITION OP MAN.

Carthage, for the conquest of Sicily, 408 years
before our Saviour, made preparations for three
yeajs. The army consisted of 300,000, llie fleet
of 2000 men of war, and 3000 transports. By
the interposition of Gelon, the tyrant of Syracuse,
at the investment of the city of Hymera, every man
was either killed or taken prisoner, and only eight
ships made their escape.

The first Punic war lasted 24 years, the second

17, and the third a little more than 4, when the
renowned city of Carthage, containing the immense
population of 700,000 human beings, was so com-
pletely burned that not a single house remained.
Being fired at all points, the conflagration was ter-
rible, and burned with prodigious fury for 17 days.
The pimider carried away by the Roman soldiers,
in precious metal, amounted to 4,470,000 lbs. of
silver.

Julius Ctesar, in Germany, is said to have slaugh-
tered 400,000 men in one battle. — When Attila,
king of the Huns, was defeated at Chalons, 300,000
men perished. — But the most memorable devaeta-
tation of human life on record, which was melan-
choly beyond all jirecedent, was the memorable
army of Xerxes, marching into Greece. It con-
sisted of 5,283,220, according to all ancient au-
thorities. Nearly the whole of the mammoth col-
lection of soldiers were entirely destroyed. It was
equal to the entire male population of the United
States.

ANTiaUlTY OF CARRIER PIGEONS.

OviD, ill his Metamorphoses, assures us tliat
Taurosthenes, by a carrier jiigeon, which he had
stained wiih purple, gave notice of his having
been victorious at the Olympic games, the same
day, lo his father, who resided at ^giiia. I'liny,
too, thai wonder-searching man, from whose phi-
losophical observation and scrutiny nothing seems
to have escaped, informs us that during the siege
of Modena, by Mark Antony, pigeons were em-
ployed by Brutus to keep up a correspondence
with the besieged.

Wlien the city of Ptolemais, in Syria, was in-
vested by the French and Venetians, ami on the
point of falling, the soldiers observed a pigeon fly-
ing over, which they rightly conjectured was a
bearer of des|)atclies. A tremendous shout was
instantly made by the whole army, which so fright-
ened the little flying post, that it fell to the ground
near by. Under one of its wings was the follow-
ing note from the Sultan : ' I will be with you in
three days, with an army that will he sufficient lo
raise the siege.' Another, of which the following
is a copy, was substituted, and the pigeon permit-
ted to go on : ' The garrison must see to their own
safety, for the Sultan has such other affairs press-
ing, thai it is im|iossible to render assistance.' The
garrison gave up at once. — Scitntijic Tracts.

From Loudon's Gardener' s Magazine.
OXAL.IS CRENATA.

Should you have received any account of the
late exhibition at Falmoinb, on the 28lh ult. you
will have learned that one of the greatest difficulties
attending the cultivation of the Oxalis crenata has
been surmounted ; Mr. Pringle, the intelligent and
enterprising gardener of L. C. Daubiiz, Esq. of Tru-
ro, having upon thai occasion produced a dish of
the tubers of that plant, the grow lb of Ihe present
year, which was much admired both for size and
beauty. You will also have learned from thai re-
port (inserted in the IVtst Briton of the SOih May)
that Sir Charles Lemon, with that zeal for science
and that desire lo promote the interests of society,
for which he has ever been so honorably distin-
guished, has this year attempted the field culture
of these tubers upon a large scale : the result of so
important an experiment will not, I trust, be kept
from the public, even should its success fall short
of our most reasonable expectations. — Wm. Hamil-
ton, 15 Oxford Place, Plymouth, June 13, 1834-

158

NEW ENGLAND FARMEII,

NOVEMBER 36, 1S3*.

NEW ENGLANU FARMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOV. S6, 1834.

FARBlBR'S WORK FOR NOVEMBER.

Swine. He Ihat attempts to fatten liis hogs in winter
unless their pen can be kept comfortably warm without
extra expense of fuel, will be a loser. But if warm win-
ter habitations with dry and cleanly lodgings can be af-
forded to tlie animals they will fatten as well, and with
as little food in winter as in summer. This may be in
a good measure effected by the construction and location
o/tlieir pens. Their styes may be placed on the south
side of an acclivity, and defended on the west, north and
east by banks or walls of earth against the cold winds of
winter, with some contrivance like a swinging door,
which will close of itself, to prevent the access of cold
at the entrance. In that case they will thrive on but a
part of the food, which would be necessary, in an ex-
posed situation, to enable them to support a sorry e.xist-
ence in opposition to the incessant assaults of the pitiless
elements. In front of their pens may be a well inclosed
yard, which will answer as a receptacle for weeds, fallen
leaves, brakes, »tc. the raw materials of their swineships'
manure manufactory. Swine, as well as cattle intended
for the shambles, well and warmly lodged in winter are
half fed, but if not made comfortable in that respect are
scarcely worth feeding ; and attempting to fatten tln^m
is like laboring to fill sieves or broken cisterns with
water. With store animals the case may be different.
If growing stock which it is wished to keep on hand a
year or two or longer, are too warmly housed, they are
liable to suffer in cases of accidental or inevitable ex-
posure, much more than those which have never been
accustomed to such indulgence.

With regard to food for fattening swine, it was re-
marked by tlie Rev. Mr. Elliot, " I know of nothing
that will fiitten hogs faster than a dough of meal and
water. But as this is expensive food, the dough may
be minced with boiled potatoes, or boiled carrots.— They
eat these mixtures as uell as the dough by itself; and it
ippears to make no mafcrial difference in tlieir fattening.
In the mixture, barley meal will answer instead of In-
dian ; which should be attended to in our more northern
parts, where two bushels of barley may be as easily rais-
ed as one of Indian corn. Both kinds of im al I have
found to be a good mixture with boiled potatoes ; but it
should by all means be a little salted to give it a good
relish."

The follow ng mixture for fattening swine lias been
recommended, and we have no doubt will answer a val-
uable purpose ; Wash potatoes clean, boil and mash
while hot— mix in at the same time oat-meal and pea-
meal. Put the mixture into a laige tub, which must
Bland till it becomes sour but not putrid. Keep a quan-
tity of this on hand, always fermenting and give it to
your hogs as often as they will eat.

K'tTitcr Food/or Cnulc. A writer for the American
Farmer gives the following under the head "Cheup t'od-
a<rr." " Having been iiifurined of the advantages of
usinir the tops of Indian corn, cut as rye straw, to be
nixed with potatoes or meal, as a food for horses or cat-
tle. I have been making the experiment. I find that
fciy cattle thrive better on the fodder than on rye straw,
(cut and used in the same manner.) The corn stalk cer-
UJnly contains a great quantity of farine substance and
nuBt be highly nutritive, Being cut and scalded with ^
Biall quantity of liran, they afford un excellent mess o
wilch cows. In the common way of foddering cattle
with tops, the blades are greedily eaten, but stalks are
wuted. By adopting the plan recommended, the whole
tffotia a outritire food."

Save your loood. " A Farmer" says, " a very consid-
erable saving may be reahzed by using the saw instead
of the axe in preparing wood for the fire, although very
lew country people are aware of the fact, having never
tried the experiment. A saw suitable for this purpose
costs no more than an axe, is as easily kept in order, and
with careful usage will last as many years. A man can
saw as much, and probably more wood in the same
time than he can cut with an axe. Scarcely any litter
is made, the wood may all be cut of an exact length, and
on the whole the annual saving to every house-holder,
by using the saw instead of an axe, would in the course
of several years amount to something of considerable
consequence.

PATENT HOKSE-SHOB .NAILS.

We have in our office a sample of horse-shoe nails^
manufactured by Hay ward, Ralph & Sturtevant, in
Plympton, Massachusetts. The nails appear very fair,
and, as we understand, are highly approved of by their

numerous consumers . They may be obtained at

the smith shop of Thomas Faxon, Pond street, Boston,
opposite the Massachusetts Hotel.

(.S'ce advertisement on another page.)

ITEMS OF INTELIiIUENCE.

The English papers are occupied with details of the

destruction of the two houses of Parliament, on the 17th
October, by fire. In addition to the misfortune of losing
a hall, consecrated by so many elevated associations, that
of tlie entire destruction of the House of Commons, and
of a great amount of valuable records, will be deeply re-
gretted. There is no reason to believe, that the fire
arose in any other way than by accident.

The Shakers make a flour of the slippery elm, and
use it the same as arrow-root. It it excellent for infants
just weaned, and prevents the bowel complaint. One
table spoonful is boiled in a pint of new milk. It is
also excellent for consumptive and dyspeptic persons.

About three weeks ago, a lad was playing with his pet
dug, at Marlinsbuig, Va., when the latter jumped up and
bit his finger, but not severely. The wound soon heal-
ed, and nothing more was thought of it until some days
alter when the lad, in going to school, passed a house at
the time a servant was throwing some water into the
street. The sight of it gave him peculiar sens.itions ; he
soon fell into fits, was conveyed to a house, and medical
aid resorted to, but in vain. Pie died sounafler, in great
agony;

The Medical Journal of last week relates a cure of
deafness of some years standing, by removing Ironi the
external auditory passage of the right ear of a female of
17 years of age, a cherry-stone winch was put in her car
by a jilay-maie ten years ago.

A man by the name of Gier has been arrested for the
murder of young Perry, in the city of Pliiladelphia, at
the late elections. He was a common laborer in Pliila-
delphia, and was engaged in the riots during the day it
the election. He fled from the city that night in such
haste, that he took some of his clothing from the w.isli-
tub, not giving himself time for them to dry. He was
taken near Lancaster. The evidence of his guilt is said
to be very strong.

A Grkat Yield. Caleb Chase writes the editor of
the Portland Courier, in illustration of the advantages of
high cultivation of land, that he raised in a garden, the
past season, from four grains of wheat, eighty heads,
one of which measured six and a half inches in length
From these eighty heads, he obtained four thousand fire
hundred and Uurtij-siL grains of wheat, measuring little
short of half a pint, being one thousand one hundred
and thirty-four fold. This is worthy the aUenUon of

those farmers who are only desirous of increasing the
number of acres on their farms, without improving the
quality of the soil.

A Dear Bird. Through the carelessness of a lad,
who shot at a bird on a stack of grain, twelve stacks of
wheat, rye and oats were destroyed by fire, in Bucks
county, Pa., valued at $300. They were the property
of Chirles Wise, who might say to the lad as the frogs
did to the boys, '• Though it be sport to you, it is death
to us."

The British Government has decided in favor of al-
lowinir American Beef and Pork, salted, to be exported
from Canadian ports to other British ports, duty free.
This arrangement is calculated to benefit the West In-
dia Islands, and will enable them to obtain their provis-
ions at a much cheaper rate than heratofore. It will al-
so put a handsome sum of money into the pockets of the
stall feeders and hog feeders of New York, Peniisylva-.«
nia, Ohio and Michigan. '■'*

A young man in the employment of Messrs. Sykes &
Son, Sheffield, England, has made a steam-engine, which
weighs seven ounces. It is so perfect, that with a spirit '
lamp and two table s;oonfulls of water, it will go at the
rate of a thousand strokes a minute, and will continue ■
to work until almost the last drop is expended.

From the Vermont Chronicle.
Messrs. Editors— If the following, which you may
rely upon as being strictly true, is worthy a place in
your columns, it is at your service. L.. J.

Rev. James Johnson, of this place, has a heifer which
was two years old last April. A calf was expected from
her the fore part of August. In May, her bag became
large and tender, and seemed to be in danger of being in-
jured by inflammatinn. To prevent this, they coramenc-
ed milking her regularly, and though she had no other I
pasture than the highway, she gave from six to eight
quarts a day till she calved, which was August 6th. Her
calf was of a good size, and by no means poor. Her
milk, before calving, was set by itself, and from the
cream skimmed during the ten weeks she had been milk-
ed, were made forty pounds of excellent butter. She
now bids fair to be a fine cow.
St. Johnshury, Oct. 1S34.

MASS. HORTICULTLl RAL SOCl ETY.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Sidurdinj, JVovemher 22.

Penrs. By the Hon. John Lowell— two of the new
varieties received of Mr. Knight, one of them No. 10, is
described as Pcngclthij, "a large brown fruit ;"— A small
fruit, beurre and of a sweet and good flavor. The other
a fruit of medium size, beurre, more astringent and of'
excellent flavor.

By B. V. French, Esq— A new fruit, sent by Micahi
M. Ruo-gles, Esq. of Fall-river; a native winter fruit,,
lately fimnd wild on the farm of Mr. Wilbur ; a round-
ish fruit of medium Bizp,of a green color, of good flavor,
with a portion of astringency, indicating that this fruit
mio-ht be improved by cultivation. It has been reco;ii-
mended that it be called Wilbur's Winter.

By Mr. Manning— Passe Colmar and Doyenne Gris,
and the Sabine. Also, the Duchesse d'Ango-:leme, al-
ready celebrated for its uncommon size and beauty, its
excellent flavor and productiveness. The Pastorale, ai
fruit of medium size and oblong, its form and color re-
sembling that of the English Jargonelle ; a most pro-
ductive winter fruit of good flavor. Princesse DOrange,
very beautiful and excellent, and the first specimen oil
this new fruit which we have seen exhibited.

J]pples. By Samuel Fond— White Colville, a fruit o*
good flavor with a good prbportion of acid.

By Messrs. Winships— a variety of the Colville spM

VOL. \ui. NO. ar..

AND IIORTICULTCRAL JOURNAL.

159

cifii, iiavm^r IJiojectiii-fr ribs, ot a very pleasant and ngi^-e.
able flavor. Probably an iniporled I'ruit, the name lost.
B" Mr. Manning — A fruit, bearing great resemblance
to the i'omme Pigeon. The size medium, the form ob-
long and conical, color greenish yellow with a deepcriin.
Kon blush next the sun, the flavor good.

For the Comniittee, WM. KENRICK.

CATALOGl'K FOU 18.i5.

Ju.sT publislie.l, a C.)l:ilof;ue of (lie NEW ENGL.\N'D
SEED ANO AGlilCULTL.KVL WAKEHOU.vE, tmnpri,-
in; ail unusual t-hoiic collection iil (iaulcu and Fln»ei Seeds,
raised in llie tiarduns coiineclcd widi ilie EslaWislunenl. 'I'lie'
lollowins Irom the preface ex|ilaois llie puuciples in reference
lo winch liie husniess will be cenducled.

When the Agrinilinral Wurtknus'e and New Engiand Seed
Store was eonimenced, il was allofjelher problemalical wln-lliei
tliose engiLjcd n> lln; dilierent luaiif lies of rural economy «oii!il
Efive snppoil lo Mich an eslalilislinieiil, and llie propiielois in-
:urred very cnnsiileralile e.vpeiise, as viell as bcsiuned much
Lime and cverliuii lo make il wli.il llie Fanners aiio Gardeners
jf New Ensland very much needed, lo wit, a Rep.isilorv fioin
ivhich could l.c ohiained Seeds, ifcr. uliirh mighl he relied on
IS true lo their liiud and of the best quality. The experieiue
and e.Npenmeiils of a series of years, enable us now to f^ivt
assurance of satislaclion lo lhi.se who may coninience or will
:(Hitiiiue their pair.ninse. We have completed our antiripalei!
iiranjemiiits in the seed department in such a manner that «e
sre Hcll assiireil of a lull supply of seeds, raised uiuler our own
lireclion. We are thus pUiced in a condition lo supply seeds.
il warranted good quality ; ami arrangements have been ui.ide
o import from Europe tliose kinds which bid lairest to be nnisi
iselul, best ad.ipted lo our soil and climate, and on which reli-
nice can be placed iltal with proper Ircaiment they will not fail

0 germinate.

Ill a business of this description, il cannot he cx.occled but
hat com plain Is will so me limes be made tjf seeds not ve<;etatijig ;
lUl caiiclid men will allow thai the fault is nol ahva3"s in the
eed. 'I'lie best seed may fail of coming up, en several accounts;
ome kinds may be sown too eaily, and be chilled in the ground

1 dry seasons, by the burning ra^s of llie stin — lliey are often
al'rn by worms and insects, and are frequeutlv covered loo
eep in the c.irth. particularly delicate flower see'ds. The be-l
iu-ihod of proving the qualiiy of llie seed js to sow a few in a
ox of loose earth, placed in a warm room, keeping tlie earth
loist. If the seed is good.il will vegetate in a reasonable
me. A quicker method is lo roll up a few seeds in a quantity
f w^ moss, which will soon delermine their character.

il wris long before the business would warrant the expenses
ow iiiriirring; and il is for die pubbe lo deeide io what extent
ley "ill give their patronage to an establishment toiK.ucteil
n the principles, enjoying the advantages, and favored wiih
1^ (»ni-p-cts above mentioned.

This Cai.ilogHe contains 81) pages; will he seal Gratis to
ea ers.pnirons and friends of the Establislimeut, and Okdeks
>r articles contdined therein will nieel with prompt and lailliful
Henlion. CEO. ('. ii.\RUETT,

New England Sefd Store. Boston.

TO COJIPETITOKS FOK PRfcMILMS OH MLT-
TEK AND CHEESE.

Thk Trustees of the Rlassachusetts Society for Promoting
Agiiculiure. hereby give notice that not having been able lo
oliiain the use of Faiunil Hall lor the exhibition ol Butler and
Cheese, on the 3d December nexl, Messrs. Li\eiinore&.
Kendall have generous|\ oHc-red lo die Socielv, die use of ihe
Rotunda over the Faneuil H.nll Market lor ihat purpose. All
persons, therefore, who inlcnd lo oiler Jiiilter or Cheese lor pre-
iniiim, may make application lo Co/eh Huytnard, Esq.. Clerk
ol the Market, under whose direction the same may be deposit-
ed.

On the 3d December, il will be examined bv the Committee.
Per Older. ljEl\J. GUILD, K,c. Hec'rij.

Boston, A'ov lo, 1834. (

nilCEiri OF COUNTRY PKODUCJi.

Corrected -witll great care, "n-eekly.

TO SMITHS, &c.
PATENT HORSE SHOE NAILS.

The Subscribers have now m successful opcrntion alPlymp-
toii, Mass. a machine lor making Horse Shoe Nails.

The nails are made of the very best Iron, are perfectly mall-
d)le and admirably adapted to the use (or which they were de-
sgnoil. Numerous respectable testimony from those v> ho have
used and approved them could be ciled, but llie manulactuiers
relying upmi the quality of Ihe article, prefer thai the natis
should be their own test.

'I'hey are known to be a good article,— and ran be obtained
in any quantity desired from the mannlaeturers al their place
II Plynipton, Mass., or al TUGS FAXONS Snnih Shop,
Pond Street, Boston, opposite the Jiassarlinseils Hotel.

HAVWARD. RALPH & STURTEVANT.

Plynipton, I\lass., Nov. 2G.

BUCKTHORNS

For sale by GEO. C. BARRETT a few

thorns, thrifty and of good size.

thousand Buck-
oel. 15.

COCKSPUR THORNS.

A few bushels of Seeds or Berries of this ceh-bratcd Tnorn
Irom the farm of Jno. Prince. Esq of .lamaira Plains, lor sale
l.y GEO. C. BARRE'l'T, New England Seed Store. Price
S5.0U pr r bushel. „c "9

FOR S.\l,E

A valuable farm situated ii
this city, well calculated for
For fu1-ther pariieolars ajiply

OR TO LET.

I Meilford, aboot live miles from
a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
al this olliee. n. 17.

HiJl.LIS- CKLIiBRATED HOii.'^IL i,ii\II»lENT,

or Spr.iiiis, I'.iuises, Wind-Galls, Old strains, Slifl' joints.

Swelled or Cracked Heels, and lor Horses thai are strain-
ed in the back sinews, wrong in the wiil.ers. &c.i
also lor Glandular swellings of iheTlnoal.

The ingredients which compost this preparalion have been
uef.illv ■■eleeled alter many years experience, and are .•lome
the iiMisi successful remedies united, coirecilv proportioned
nd h.ipp ly .dapled lo aHord relief in all the above mentioned
Jinpl lints; the proprietor feels assured thiUMheii once this
■licle IS used it will he preferred to any oiher, as il is decid-
lly th' lest iind certanly the most convenient article in use. .

N. 1!. Per-ons atlltcted with Rheum. oisni. Soniins. Cramp,
um'iiies-, Stilfness or Weak ess in the Joints, will find ihis
ininenl a vabcilile and effiracions remeily.

Prep.tre I and sold bv I'HOM AS IIOLLIS, Druggist and
heiTii. I, N.. 30. Union Street, ifoston, Mass.

ICT The Publ c are requested to ob.serve that each label is
irne I,

Vrire oflar.'e Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o2y

A GARDENER

-Wants a Situation — can |irocliiee die best recommenrlalions
> reg lids In, iliaiaeier and capai ily. nov ly

AGRICULTURISTS ATTEND!

^" Have respect unto all things, hold fast that which is good,"
The Subscriber has brought li> this maiket. a new variety of
Potatoes, which have tv\o good |)roperties, viz. ; thcv are ex-
ceedingly proilnetive, anil are exei 11,'nl Ibr ihe table.— They
have been planted bot four years, and from two potatoes have
produced /OTij/etrj hiivdi rd bushels. To be found al Brimmer's
Slore, on Ihe T wharl, Boston.

MOSES HEALY.
*,* The above Potatoes originated fioin the Island of St.
Helena. fjov. IS.

NOTICE.

Grf.en House Frames and Sashes, — about five hundred
qiiare leel. — Also a qnanliiv of pois. For sale. Apiilv lo G.
C. BARRETT, N. E. Farmer Office. Nov'. 12.

Ahplks, russets,

Beans, white,

Beei-', mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) . . . .
BuTlEK, inspected, No. 1, new.

Cheese, new milk.

skimmed milk, . . . .

Feathers, norihern, geese,. . ,

southern, geese, . . ,

Flax, American,

F1.AXSEE11, '. . .

Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir.
Baltimoie, wharf, . . .

Alexandria

Grain, Corn, northern yellow,. .
sootliern )'ellow, , ,

while

Rye, Noiihein

Barley

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, besl English, . . .

Eastern screwed, . . . ,

Hard pressed,

HONEV,

Hups, Isi quality (new) . . . '.

2d quality . . . .

Lard, Boston, Isl sort, . . . .

Southern, Istsorl, . . . .

Leathir, Slaughter, sole, . . '.
" Tper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .
" upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, .
Baltiinoie, sole
liest sort ....
Mass. inspec, extra clear,

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings.
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (uonej '.
Keci Top, norljiern, .
Red Clover, northern, .
VViiiteDutcii Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,

American, full blood,w ashed
<lo. 3-'lihs ilo.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native waslied, ....
c ("Pulled superfine,
^~ I 1st Lambs, . .

OS. I 3d '■
2 [ 1st Spinning, . .
.■Southern pulled wool is generally

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

pound
iHishel
barrel

oushel

gallon
pound

pound

Lime,
Pork,

pound

8 58

. les

• lb

SEEDS, Cfur fall sowing)

For Svi.e. al the New Engbind S led Siore, connected
nh ihe N. E. Farmer office, oTifc .5-' North iVlarkel slreel. oi

While Portugal Onion Seed— SiKer Skin, do.— Fail 13
nckly S|iMincli— Black Spanish or Winter Radish— Celery,
-c. 4-c.

al very

BROADCLOTHS AND CASSIMERES
reduced prices.

ELIAB STONE PREWER, No 414 Washington Street,
has received a large assnriinenl of supertine and common
Broadclolhs, purchased .11 the auction- in New York and P05-
lon, which he will sell by the piece or yard, at prires as low as
they can be purchased of the importer or maimlaclurer by llie
bale. Among them are llie following shades of colors and
qualities, viz. .

Fine, and Common Black Broadcloth.s.

SlIIXTfilJC,

Fin

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

<lo

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do
do
do
<lo
do
do
• lo
do
do

Blue
Gr. en do

Russell Brown do
Claret do do
Spanish Fly do
I ii\isible green do
Drake neck flo
Mulberry do

Steel mixed do

I'ROVISION MARKET.
retail prices.

Ha MS, norihern,

southern, . .
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, (nnreriain,)
Butter, (tub) . . .

lump,
Eccs

I'o'lATOES, , .

Cir'Fii . /iipw.i

pound

54

G

9

M

18

dozen

26

bushel

37

1 barrel

1 .=)(!

19
9

?l
17
55
30
5«
50

Also^I.adies' Cloths for Habits, &
40 pieces Cassimeres, of colors and qoalilies suitable forchil-
drcn's wear.
Also — 25 pieces striped, blue, mixed, &c. Sallittet.s.

bi Nov. 12.

SPLENDID BULBOUS ROOTS.

"nds day received direct boin Holland, a splendid collection
[Double and single Hyacinths, PoLVANTHos, Narcissus.
luble and single JoMjuiLLs. Crown Imperial Crokus,
LAUIKLUS of sorts, Frittelleras Amaryllis, &c.
GEO. C. BARREIT.
New England Seed Store

BLACK CURRANT WINE.

A FEW Bottles of this wme, so highly esleemeil by all ac-
qiiainled willi its medicinal properties, just received bv Geo.
C. Barrett, 51 and 52 North Market slreel. aiig 13

BRERIEN GEESE.

For sale, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese by

GEORGE C.BARRETT.

BRIGHTON iMARKET— AloMiAV, Nov. 24, 1804.

Itupnilen for the llailv A.lvert l.i^einiiil falnot

Al markit 1740 cattle, say 710 beef e«itle and 1030
Stores, 1900 Sheep, and Ifl20 Swine. NearU all the stores
.everal lots of beel calUe and a few hundred sheep weie re-
ported last week.

Prices, Beef Cattle— The number al maaket lo dav wa«
much less ihan was anticipaled, coiiseqiieiitly prices advanced
considerably. No cattle of the first quality were at maikel
as will be seen by our quotations, viz: prime 4 50 a 5 10 •'
good al +2 j a 4 50 ; cows al 3 75 a 4 60, '

Banelliiig Cattle.— "VUe barrellers were unable lo oblaii
but a few at an advan-ed price. We advance our quoiaiiors
accoubngly. Mess 22s 6d a 24s ; No 1, 20s a 20s 6d ; No 2
16s a lb 6d. ' '

Stores. Most of those at market were remnants of lots, cod-
sequenily of interior quality ; yearlings K5 a 58 : two year old
S8 a glS ; three jear old 14 a S24-

Sheej — We noticed sales ol lots at Ihe following prices viz.
1 42, I 50, I 71, I 75, I 84, and 2. Welhcrs— We are not hi
possession of the prices.

Swine — One lot was taken al 3 3-4 for tows, and 4 3-4 f«r
harrows ; also al 4, 4 1-8 and 4 1-4 for sows and 5, 5 1-8 and
5 1-4 for barrows ; at retail ' ''■r sows and 6 for barrows, tot
all size*.

160

NEW ENGLAIND FARMER.

NOVEBIBER 36, 1834.

MISCELLANY.

The following beauliful lines from Uie Mobile Mercantile
Advertiser, are" said to have been written by D. Martin, a
Journeyman Primer in Mobile, " who labors hard in his voca-
tion, and is exceedingly careful of his earnings."— iUcr. Jour.
DEATH OP COIiERIDGE.
He sleeps '.—the child of phantasy

Has sunk lo rise no more —
Like hollow waves that beat against

Eternity's black shore ! —
And the lightning-fires of intellect,

That played around his brow.
Lie like old ocean's hidden pearl.

So low and sheenless now !
He sleeps !— yet round his lowly grave

The proud of earth shall stand-
Ambition mourn a votary less,

On Fame's undying land !
And /»ocsi/— that sacred flame

Thai will forever burn.
Shall bring her never-fading flowers,

To scatter round his urn !
Ah ! he was great !— the godlike gift

Of genius, shone within —
Like glittering gems that deck the brows

Of heavenly seraphim !
Old Nature's wild-wood loveliness

He pictured clear and bright.
And held communion with the stars

That deck the brow of night !
He sleeps! — but Fame will write his name

On TiiTie's unlctter'd page,
And weave a wreath of amaranth

To give an unborti age ! —
Oblivion's waters cold and black,

May roll above his h;ad —
But, CoLERiiiGE— never shall Ihy name
Be numbered with the dead !

THE WIFE.

It is not unri-eqtieiit tlint a wife mourns over
the alienated affections of her hu.sbaiid, -vvlien site
hits made no effort herself to strengthen and in-
crease his attachment. She thinks because he
anee loved her he ought always to love her, and
she neglects those attentions which first engaged
his heart. Many a wife is thus the cause of her
own neglect and sorrow. That woman deserves
not a husband's generous love, who will not greet
hiin with smiles as he returns from the labors ol
the day ; who will not try to chain him to his
home by the sweet enchantment of a cheerful
heart. There is not one in a thousand so unfeel-
ing as to withstand such an influence and break
away from such a home.

1.0VE'S GIFTS.

It is the native dial 'ct of love to reveal its com-
placence by gifts. The chilil presents its favorite
teacher wi'th a fresh flower. It hastens to its
mother with the first, best rose, from its httle gar-
den ; and in the kiss to its father, with which It
resigns itself to sleep, gives away its whole heart.
The wife willingly trusts to her chosen jnotector,
" her all o( earth— |)erchance her all of heaven."
Why should a mother give with such bitter repin-
iRig her infant to her God ?

"Ooes she say it was unsullied and beautiful ?
Love deli-hts in yiehling the best gifts to the he-
loved. Would she prefer to have withheld it till
it had become less lov.dy ?— till, warped by the
deceit of the world, the way of darkness chosen,
and salvation through Christ unsought? it should
be an unfit oflering for a Being of purity.

Love rejoices its object in the most eligible siui-
ations. "Being evil we yet know how to give
good gifts to our children." We are pleased to
' gee them in the pursuit of knowledge, in the path
of virtue, in possession of the esteem of the great
and good. In seiuling them from home, we seek
to secure for them the ailvantages of refined soci-
ety, the stiperiutendence of friends of wisiloin anil
piety. If a nobleman were to adopt them, if they
were to have a mansion with princes, should wi;
not be grateful for the honor ? Why, then, with
such unspeakable reluctance, do we see them go
to be angels among angels, and to dwell gloriously
in the presence of" God, the Judge of all, and the
spirits of just men made perfect ^''—Jtfw. Sigour-
n«y.

MAXIMS FOR WIVES.

I. A GOOD wife always receives her husband
with smiles — leaving nolliing undone to render
home agreeable — and gratefully reciprocating his
kindness and attention.

II. She studies to discover means to gratify his
inclinations, in regard to food and cookery, in the
management of her dress, manners, and deport-
ment.

III. She never attempts to rule or appear to rule
her husband. Such conduct degrades husbands —
and wives always partake largely in the degrada-
tion of their husbands.

IV. She in evej-y thing reasonable, complies
with his wishes — and as far as possible anticipates

them.

V. She avoids all altercations or arguments
leading to ill humor — and more especially before
company.

VI. She never attempts to interfere in his bus-
iness, unless he ask her advice or council, and never
attempts to control him in the management of it.

VII. She never confides to her gossips any of
the failings or imperfections of her husband — nor
any of those little differences that occasionally arise
in the mariied state. If she do, she may rest as-
sured that however strong the injunctions of secrecy
lie on the one hand, or the pledge on the other,
they will in a ilay or two become the common talk
id' the neighborhood.

,,as most seriously injured himself and family, by
the rejection of the advice of his wife, fearing if
he followed it, he should bo regarded as ruled by
her. A husband can never procure a counsellor
more deeply interested in his welfare than his
wife.

Vir. If distressed or embarrassed in his circum-
stances, he communicates his situation to her with
candor, that she may bear his difficulties in mind
in her expenditures. Women, sometimes, believ-
ing their husbands' circumstances to he better than
they really are, ex|)end money which cannot well
be afforded, and wliich if they knew the real situ-
ations of their husbands, they would shrink from
expending.

'■ To sum up all you niw have heard.
Young men and old peiuse the bard;
A female Irustcd to your care,
His rule is pilhy, short and clear :
Be lo her faults a little blind ;
Be to her virtues very kind :
Let all her ways be unconfin'd.
And place your padlock on her mind."

Aphorism. — Those who live within their means
draw their supplies from \Wwg .fountains ; but
he who exceeds his income may soon empty lh«

cistern.

I.

MAXIMS FOR HUSBANDS.

A GOOD husband always regards his wife
as his equal; treats her with kindness respect
and atteniion, and never addresses her with an
air of authority, as if she were as some husbands
appear to regard their wives, a mere housekeeper.

II. He never interferes with her domestic con-
cerns, hiring servants, &c.

I I I. lie always keeps her properly supplied with
miMirv fi.r furnishing his table in a style propor-
liuiu'ii to his means, and for the purchase ol dress
suitable to her station in life.

IV. He cheerfully and promptly complies with
all her reasonable reipiests, when it can be done
without loss or great iiicouvenii'iice.

V. He never allows himself lo lose his temper
towards her, in consequence of iiiilitrerent cook-
ery, or irregularity in the hours of meals, or any
other inisniaiiagement of her servants, knowing
the diffii-iilty of making them do their duty.

VI. If she have prudence and good sense he con-
sults her on all great operations, involving the risk
of ruin, or serious injury in case of failure. Many
a man lias been rescued from ruin by the wise
counsels of his wife, and many a foolish husband

FRUIT TREES.

Ornamental TREES, and PLANTS, &n
NuKSERV of WILLIAM KENRICK, ni

Newton, Mass. 5), miles from Jioslon bij tli

Western Avenue, aiiil J a mile from the Worces

ter Kctit Road.

This establishment now compactly covers 18 acres, ami
comprises the selections of the linest k.nds ol Pears Apple).
Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Nccinrines Apncot^s, Almond^
Quinces Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Ooosebene ■
and Mulberries, including the Chinese Mulberry, or MohU
MuLTicAULis, so celebrated for silk ; btrawbernes, Figs. &(
No pains, no labor, or expense has been spared, in obtamin i
the most celebrated varieiies.which have here been congregate
liom divers climates and latitudes, and from hrsl-raiesour«.
—selections adapted lo every section of die Union. 1 he Oj
namental Trees and Plants alone, comprise one ihousaml vei
|.ieties,the most beautiful kinds known ; these include Hors.
Chesnuls. Weeping Willows, Catalpas, Mountaiii Ash, Ailar
ihus or Tree o} H'aven, Scotch Larch, tsilver Firs. \ enet.a
Sumach, Altheas. Snowballs, Lilacs Honeystickles, ^"--^
peib China and Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Flowering Plantu
PiEonies, and splendid Double Dahlias.

Gentlemen are respeclfullv invited to -forward their order.
e.irlii —Early in Autumn, being an excellent season for tran
,l" uin- Addresslo W ll.l.LAM KENRICK, Newton, Mas
'I'rees &,c. delivered in I'.ostoii without charge for transport;
Hon, tiiey are selected and labelled with due precaution ai
care ; and when ordered thence, they are suit.ibly packed, ar
forwarded lo their destination, bv land or sea. "r orders w
recci^e the same attention il Icit wilh (.EO C H*""'-''
who is a«nt. at his seed store and New Etjgland Farm
Office, No

igCIII. ai Ills S.tM-<, .Sivi... ....-■ 'p ^ .

fos, 31 & :r2. North Market Street, Boston, (al

logues gratis on applicalioii.

od 1

15,000 PEACH TREES.

Gentlemen desirous of lorming orchards of the Peach tr
are now ofli'r.'d a capital selection of ihe finest kinds.
Apply 10 W1LL1.\M KENRICK, lNe»ton. ocl 1

FRUIT AKD ORNAMEJJTAIi TREES.

The subscriber is now prepared to receive orders for tre
forfall selling out. and the l,esl attention wil be paid looid.
l".'Ln or oUierwise. Catologues tc, be^had SJ^j-P;;-
plicnliom KTi.yj__y .

^rUB NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published eterv Wednesday Evi^ning, al fS per anm
nn^ble at the enVl ol the year-bul those who pay wr
sSj days irom the lime ofsul.scribing,areent,tledlo a dec

'■'°i;^''No'pa'r^"'wni be sen. to a distance without payir

being made in advance.

"pdS^for Geo. C. Bahrett hy Forii & Damre
who execute every description oTBook ami tarry I r
in o- in ivood style, and witli promptness. Orders lor pr
-Jinav be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at lie Agn.
tuFamwehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

]^EW EMCJl^AW© FARMER.

PUBLLSUKO I'.V GEO. C. liAKRETT, NO. u'i, NOItTH AH liKFT -<TPl/p r / "' ']__iLSHi!^LL!LiliJL^i"M" Jta ^^^;™.«b

' ^"':l!if4!^Jl^^^I!!^i!;^^ G. FESSENDEN, EDITOrT

VfTT- MJrfTLcnrrf-^ 'IT -m-rr ■■-. --^ ■--. --, — .T . " ~" ~~ — —— — — ■ . L^

'■OL. xm.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBE

AN ADDRESS

DELIVERED BEFORE THE

[.VSSACHUSETTS HORTICUiTURAI, SOCIETY,

.'Vt tlii;ir Sixth .Vniiivcrsary, Soptt-mbor 17tli, 1834.
BY HO.V. JOHN C. GP.AT.

Ladies and Gentkintn : — I have been requested
If the Hoiticullmal Society to offer .you some re-
arks on the present hueresting occasion, law
nsihle of itiy iiiuhility to do justice to the stihject,

■ to present to you any thing equal in merit lo
e elaliorate, elegant, and valuable proriuciion,*
ith which the public have been entertained oji
rmer anniversaries. ISut the respect which 1
ire to the wishes of the Society, and the deej) in-
fest which I feel in the great object of their
:orts, have induced me to comply with their re-
est, and I shall briefly notice some of the in-
cements which e.\ist to the pursuit of Hortitul-
re, more especially in our country.
This art may be recommended, in the first
ice, as an innocent and salutary amusement. Jn
stowing upon it these titles, I have said very
ich in its favor. The topic of amusements has
Jr been a most perplexing and difficult one to
I moral casuist. I suppose that no one would
)scribe all rela.vation. All admit that the most
lustrious individual must have his intervals either
recreation, or of idleness. But, what aniuse-
nts should be recommended, or tolerated, is a
istion on which there is far less unanimity of
timent. In this country, there is, I believe,
h a small amount anil a smaller variety of re-
ittion, than in most others. We ai>', at lo-'<» iu
iv-Kugland, emphatically a grave people. The
pie manners and rigid morals which have de-
ided to us from our puritan ancestors, our ri"--
.is climate and stubborn soil, the equal distri-
iou of propel^ by descent and its necessary
sequence, the small number of men of wealth

leisure, have rendered us, though certainly not'
oomy, yet a serious and practical community,
ly amusements, which have prevailed in other
ntries, never have, and we trust never will take

in our land. Of those which are fashionable
ing us, there are several, which are denounced,
er as deleterious, or at least perilous to our
«ls, iiy a large and respectable portion of our
Illation. This is not the occasion to inquire

■ far such sentiments are correct. It is mure
ly purpose lo observe, that there is, I wdl not

no ground, but no prete.\t, for such objections
nst the pursuit of Horticulture. He must be a
1 and astute casuist indeed, who can detect
thing in this occupation, tending to inflame, to
ise, or to enfeeble the mind. Yon are well
re, on the contrary, that a garden Jias been
!ted by all poets of all nations, as the abode ol
virtuous in a future state ; that Horticuliure
Jften been recommended by the strictest mor-
I, not only as a soothing, but as a most relini^ig
pation ; and that the wonders of creaiivu
2r, with which it renders us conversant, have
shed the natural theologian with some of his

powerful and impressive arguments.

IS an additional and a most important recom-
lation to this art, that it does not call upon
' cultivate the mind, at the expense of the
I have already said that we are a crave

not mean to say, that we are not disposed to occa-
sional locomotion, — such an assertion is not light-
ly to be made, almost within hearing of onr rail-
road cars. But I sfieak of the constant habits of
our corumnnity, compared with those of the peo-
ple of England, and of most other European coun-
tries. A large, and certainly not.miimporlant por-
tion of our citizens, are occiipitkl in professional
am] literary pursuits, and among these, with one
important qualification to be presently noticed,
liodily inactivity seems to be a prevailing and an
mi-reasiiig habit. Besides, many of the rising
gener.ition, at least in onr largest towns, are coii^
lined to study, during by far the greater part of
iheir waking hours. It is not for me to determine
bow far this confinemen' is necessary or beneficial,
I in the degree to which it is now carried. It is for
those moro interested to decide, whether, in en-
deavoring , to accelerate the march of mind, we
have not forgotten, that the mind is vitally con-
nected with an associate of delicate and curious
structure indeed, but of grosser elements, whose
wants and who.se welfare are, nevertheless, not to
be overlooked with impunity.

li there be evils attendant on our present sys-
tems of literary discipline, perhaps the greatest is,
that they create habits of bodily indolence, and
the scholar, when emancipated from the dominion
"t his instructers, and invested with the command
of his own time, carries with hiin a fondness for
sedentary amusements. Consequently, if his bu-
shiess sho»Ul be r.ho of a ^,.,l(iitary cbaracter, his
whole life, while it lasts, is one of close confine-
ment. At any rate, the debilitated health of many
of our most distinguished professional men, has
long been a subject of the deepest public concern ;
and to no cause does the evil seem to be more
imptite<l, than to their neglect of habitual exercise.
Why else is it that our clergymen are so often
driven from the desk, and our lawyers interrupted
in the midst of their most intense and important
labors, while our physicians, the only class of pro-
lessioual men, who are compelled to pass much
of their time in bodily motion, are proverbially
healthy, — and it is no rare sjiectacle to see tliefii
dispensing, in their own case, with the rules,
vvbich they feel it their duty to prescribe to others'!
That amnsenient, then, is certainly to be highly
valued, which calls us forth into the open air,
during a large portion of the year, and by its
double operation on the body aud^mind, contri-
liiites at once to our strength and spirits two ob-
jects which it needs no physician to inform us
lire most nearly connected.

It is, therefore, a highly gratifying fact, that the
directors of several of our literary and tbeolo"ical
institutions, have labored to inspire their students
with a taste for gardening, and have furnished
ihem with every facility for its cultivation. For,
however incontestible the value of exercise, every
one knows, that it is beneficial to a great degree in
proportion as it is agreeable ; that of two descrip-
tions of exercise, that is by far the most salutary
which is taken with the keenest relish. Compare
the resolute dyspeptic accomjdishing his measured
walk or ride, with the same dogged pertinacity,
with which he would prepare himself for a surgi

in 01. r (me woods, or cultivating them in his neat
gard .,, while hour after hour glides by unmarked,
and the sun goes down upon him in the midst of
Ins mleiesting labors. Compare, I say, these in-
dividuals, and then ask, if you can, seriously,
which is pursuing the shorter road to health and
cheurlulness.

It is not, however, in our brilliant thongh short
?!'"^''.,°'"' .^''"^i"? summer, or our glorious au-

[ think I may add a sedeutaVv neonre 1 7' "',"' "'''''' ''^ '^°"''' '"'^'""■'^ '"'"^'^'^ for a surgi-
ay add, a sedentary people. 1 do | eal operation, with the florist, culling his plants,

nmn, that the charms of this art are most deeply
lelt, hut amid the rigors of our stern though splen-
did wmrer. It is then, when the whole vegetable
world IS hushed in dread repose,_when the earth
is covered with a .sheet of ice, as with a plate of
bnrnished steel, that Horticulture proves herself a
Hue friend to her faithful votaries. It is then that
she goes with them to their dwellings, there to
difl-nse her soothing and enlivening influence
while all without is wild and desolate. Who'
would not court the visits of such an inmate ?
Who but would delight to give her her appro-
priate and honorable place at the fireside or the-
window ?

This art is, hojvever, something more than a
mere passing amusement. It well deserves to be
cherished in our country, for the auspicious inflb
ence which it must exert on the manners anu
feelings of the community, should a taste for its
splen.lnl productions become a prevalent one.
Mankind have found by experience, that the con-
templation of what is graceful or beautiful, serves
'"•..:,-• "id refine the taste, to expand and ele-
vate the understanding, to soilen aim puri/y the
beart. How these results are produced, it Is for
Ibe mataphy.sjcian to explain, if he can ; the
results themselves are not the less real nor the less
manifest. It is on this principle, that the fine arts
have been so cnrefully cherished by the ablest
statesmen of older communities. No one, acquaint-
ed with the history or condition of those commu-
nities, can doubt, that those arts have done much
to counteract the evils of defective systems of
government, and to supply the want of general
education. With us, their progress must be for a
long time, for obvious and cogent reasons, ex-
tremely limited,— at least, this must be said of
those two most delicate arts, painting and sculp-
ture.

It is, therefore, a most fortunate circumstance
that we can supply their place with other elegant
pursuits, and, among these, that of which I^ain
now speaking, surely deserves a most conspicuous
rank. If the assiduous contemplation of choice
specimens of art is not only a pleasing but a most
useful occupation, it is certainly something more
than a mere frivolous amusement, to contemplate
those lovely forms of vegetable life, with which
Horticulture renders us conversant, which, to say
the least, are neither less curious nor less splendid.
If an exquisite taste for the beauties of fine pic-
tures is to be deemed an elegant accomplishment,
I know not how an equally exquisite taste for the
beauties of fine flowers, should deserve any less
honorable title. " Some people," says Cobbett, in
his usual homely but perspicuous style, " may
think that flowers are of no use, that they arc
nonsensical things. The same may be, peiibap*
with more reason, said of pictures. For my part.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

162

as a thing to keep and not to «•= ' ' J^^ ""' = . L,e,.si, reads the margin of the rivulet. We pos-
po..e«;onof whichistog.ve„«pleasue Ihe oves ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^

tate not a moment to prefer the ph.nt °f «J^"^ Ittf^,.';!^,^,,,^^ ,,,,,,,,,„;,,,- ,,,,Hv, to entitle then,

DECEMBER 3, 1S34.

recommendation than that of rarity, to entitle then

idLc ..v.. c. -.- . , I- ,„^s." recommendation tnan inai oi 1.11 iij,i"-— ■■•

carnation, to a gold watcli set with ' «"'<;^ ; ,^ ^^„^ ^.,„, „,, „,„,i ,o,tly exotics. Witness the
If, however, the P'-od-'^t'ons of the g. U,ne^ o ^^^_^^,_.^^^ ^^ ^,^,^^,^1^ ,„,, u,e spicy

labors are not to be placed in the same rank with
the works of the painter or sculptor, they possess
what, in our country, is a most impoilant advan-
tage over them, viz. that they are within the reach
of" the great mass of onr commnnity. 1 ictures
and statues are, even in older nations,
the precincts of cities, or the villas of the opt.lent
Not so with fine flowers. The proprietor of the
smallest farm in the country, or the ■"'"'''"^" °*
the humblest tenement in the city, may decorate
his house with ornaments, surpassing m richness
and delicacy, the .nost cosily productions of the
upholsterer. The furnishing of a single apar ment

stately Rhododendrons of MedfieUI, and the spicy
Magnolias of Cape-Ann. What spectacle can bt
more magnificent than that presented by our woods
on the banks of the Connecticut, when their shady
nnnunity. r.^:u,..= recesses are absolutely illuminated with the bnl-
ions,' confined to liant and clusi^red blossoms of the Mountain Uu-
rel. Above all, what exotic can surpass our l-ond
Lily ?_a flower, rivaling in beauty the far-tamed
nio-ht-blooming Cerens,— possessing, too, a most
delicious fragrance, which is altogether denied to
its kindred in the Eastern world, and which is so
delicate and ethereal, that all the power of Chem-
istry is insufficient to arrest and retain it. 1 he

■ , P :t2'';^ZZ^:^\ZLlJZ:.\o., denominated, by the consent

in a style of very .nod ate ^1 |- '° ' \^ ^,^ ^i^i,,,,, ^„,,,, Uie queen ot flowers, and

greater expense, than many fl«"-^« ^'^ A^^^^^ -^ f,.„„, ,,,, ,„ disparage her pretensions;

stores and nurseries, during the whole corns ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^l^^

.tores and ■"--,;-^,;;,^'';;^,;;;.,:;;;;e;e7v;"en. Ihut if the choice were now to be nia.le, we might

their lives. Well, tnen, uues n „„„,„;,.al ' — " i. =....> Hivl.lp nt least.

couragement, in our republican and economical

How few can hope for a reputation so extensive'^
so enduring, and so enviable, as that which wit
be awarded, both in his country and ours, to
Thomas Andrew Knight. How long and how
highly shall we honor this high-minded English-
man,as the disinterested and unwearied benefac-
tor of our infant Hnrticiillnre ? How nobly has
he exemplified the great truths, that the firmest
loyalty to our own country is compatible with the
utmost liberality towards others ; and, that when
the culture of the soil is in question, our views
should know no other bounds, than those of the
great family of man. A few years, I trust, will
show, that there are those among lis who emulatt
his achievements, as I am sure there are man)
who partake of his spirit. I speak from high au-
thority, when I say, that the friends of Horticul
tiire in Europe are turning their eyes anxiously t<
our country. They are looking to our brigh
skies and fresh soil, for new varieties of deliciou
fruits, to supply the place of those, which, afte
centuries of existence, are at last passing nwa;

To what I have said of its intellectual and moral
effects, 1 should add, that, were it generally culti-
vated, very much would be done for the advance-
ment of its kindred art, the most important, by fa ,
of all arts. Agriculture. In our country, whe.e

:! ':X ^'o ZL::; .L"::;: im^^s, hop. so ..t and reasonable, are surely not de
with this splendid nyuM-h of these western waters, nned to return voM

In these remarks, I have confined myself to the
culture of flowers, because this is a branch of hor-
ticulture accessible to all. From the raising of
trees, most of the inhabitants of this city are alto-
gether debarred. Our few remaining aardens are

nificent Common may be the only green spot in
our peninsula. Those of you who enjoy facilities
for the propagation of fruit trees, need no admoni-
tions from me to improve them. Few of us can
hope to render greater service to the community,
than those who are thus occupied. II he, who
makes two spires of grass grow, where one grew
before, is a public benefactor, what shall we say
of him, who introduces, of who disseminates a
new and delicious variety of fruit, and thus con-
tributes to the innocent and salutary pleasures, not
only of his contemporaries, but of multitudes yet
unborn ? The gratification thus ministered to

of all arts, Agncu ture '";^''^^"'^J^^^ are rapidly vanishing before the spirit of in,provement.
land is cheap and ''>'^° f '^ts ov,r a larg^ '^

«rongly induced to ^1--"- ^^J^'^' • , ,1 „,,ssive structures of brick or stone, and onr mag-

lurface, to cultivate a gieat exu-m. ui s - ■ -

pedicia ly, rather than a smaller portion thorough ly.
This prac ice, if justified to some degree by the
ci umstances of the country, has been earned
n Ue too far for good taste, or even good economy.
Ti^g would t^nd more to check the evils con-
sequenron such a system, than the g-eral prac-
tice of gardening. It is in a garden, that we

.hould learn those principles of neatness and orde.

lat thoroughness in subdividing -'d -ric a^

the soil, that war of extermination -g--""^' J^'^^

and insects, and, above all, that v'S'l^n?-^ '" ^"'^

bracing precious and fleeting opportumues which

a e be 'p.-on.inent characteristics of the thnv.ng

farmer It is by this cultivation in nnnmture, so

hos'e little things which, in agriculture as m eve y
thin- else, must ever be .luly regarded by all who
as ire to -reat results. If every farmer among ns
wT also,aflorist,-and every fanner may be
Zlo a Considerable degree,_the -----;
precision of his gardening operations, would soon
extend itBelf,-if not already existing '■'='•';.- °
his field cultivation, and our villages would exli. hit
much of that exactness and elegance, so conspic-
uous and so pleasing in our Shaker s«"''='"'^"'^-^^^
I repeat it,-every farmer, and I .nay almos
«av, every man in the commimity, "nay be, .t no
a distinguished, yet a skilful florist. One would
suppose that little else would be necessary to len-
der us so, than the contemplation of the splendid
«xample which nature has set us, in the profusion
with which she has scattered over our land the
«hoicest treasures of the vegetable world. Amer-
ica may be denominated the classic ground ot tne
botanist; and, as the painter or sculptor visits

I have thus endeavo.-ed to state some of th

principal motives which should excite us to tl

pursuit of Horticulture. There has been muc

unsaid, and, probably, much untbought of on n

part, which your own refiectio.is may leadily su

gest to you. I have detained you longer than

Tntended ; but I should be obliged to make a lar

additional demand on your patience, were I

bestow even a passing notice on many importt

and appropriate topics which I have passed o\

in silence. I have said nothing, for instance,

the raising of ornamental trees, nothing of tl

most interesting spot, the Cemetery at Moi

Auburn. These omissions are of the less con

qnence, as so much has been said on these topi

and so well said, on former occasions. And n

let me ask those of you who are parents, one sim

question. Is there a taste for any ornamental p

suit which you would behold springing ui) in

minds of your children, with more pleasure, i

with less apprehension, than a taste for Hortii

unborn? The gratincation ii.us ■■nu,=....^ . ff ;, he thus it is suielv an impor.

each individual, singly, may be keened tr.flmg; -•-? ^^ ^^^J' ' " l^^^e may L.

but when we co.*ider the .lumber so gratified,
how immense is the aggregate of human enjoyment!
How long and how gratefully must such a gift
b^ remembered. Of what moment to us, are the
undaunted valor and consummate generalship dis-
idayed by Lucullus, in his victories over Mithii-
dates They served only to bring one more gallant
monarch into subjection, to that haughty and gi-
gantic power, whose iron sceptre has long since
r.cen shattered ; to add one more jewel to the dia-
Icm which has been for ages trampled m the
dust But the taste and assiduity of the Roman
..eneral. in naturalizing the cherry-tree to the
climate of Europe, has e.ilitled liiin to the grateful
commemoration oY sixty generations. The empire,
which France labored to establish on our conti-
nent, has long since passed away. The chain o
fortresses, which she erected on our northern and
western borders, with so much skill, and at such a

subject of inquiry how such a taste may besV
created, increased, or disseminated.

And here I may be told, that, when I speal

creating a taste of this description, I speak ol v

is impossible ; that it is exclusively the gif

Nature; that where she has bestowed it, 1

culture is requisite, and where she has with.^

it all effort is unavailing. It is not necessar'

m'aintain that nature has made no difterence

tween individuals in this respect, but I am

ranted in saying, that in this, as iu many c

instances, what we call nature is nothing but i

habit or early association. This has been sli

in much stronger cases, than that which w<

now considering. Can any suppose, that i

were all conversant with fine flowers from oi

fancy, if every porch could boast its festoo

honeysuckle, every fence its clusters of roses

every window its ranges of bulbs, nothing v

he done towards rendering Horticulture a g<

wesieni uuiucii^, — -

cost, is rapidly vanishing from our soil. Her very ''^ "7-;""-;- ;,,.,,,i, x,,„3e who think

botanist; an., as tne , ler o. ....... -^ ^r"^f2::^P:^^^:^^^^^^^^^^^ ist^d^;":;^ tl^Ls hitherto been believe

Italy, to'study the wondrous works of I aphae o - '''^ "^^^^^ 3' '!, nutgnificent and ven- specting the spirit of improvement, the pov

Angelo, so to the admirer of magn.hce.n ''."'^ ''°7, .^^"J , ' ^ "' „,,,,j ,,„ flench colonists on habit, and the force of example
beautiful plants, no country can present ^-^^^^Xls^^l^!^^

It was the wish, then, to create and dif
taste for Horticulture, which led to the foun
of our society. To the merit of introducii

vol.. XIH. NO. 27

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

163

in, urnoiij; us, the society mukes no preteiisioii.
L alriiiiily existed in a consiilerable degree, more
jspecially in lliis city uiid its dellghHiil euvirons,
Mil in otli<M- large towns. There were men among
IS C(»ns|iiciion3 for their tideiits and |(uhlio spirit,
s dis|ilayeil in their services to many of onr most
aluahle institutions, hut who had nowhere la-
lored riiiire zealously, more disinterestedly, or
nore succisssfuiiy, both hy jirecojit and example,
hail in hehulf of onr llorlicnitnre. There were
hose of retired liahits, who had found in this art
.11 exlianstless and a most digiiitied occupation, for
heir many intervals of leisure ; and there were
ueu deeply immersed in active business, pursuing
heir respective callings amidst all the dust ami
uistle of the city, among scenes a|rparently tlie
iiost uncongenial to every thing rural, whose gar-
lens and windows yet bore splendid testimony to
heir susce|itiliility to the charms of nature, and
heir skill in calling forth her wonder-working
lowers. These facts spoke much for the taste
•ud retinement of our commiinity, and not a little,
:ertainly, for the charms of Horticulture.

Of most of those individuals to whom I refer, 1
111 forbidden to sjieak as I could wish, by the
lelicacy which we owe to all within the circle of
ur personal intercourse. I must be permitted,
lowever, to allude particularly to oue, who has
itely retired from that circle; I mean the gentle-
nan who has presided over our society, ever since
ts formation, but who for many years previous,
lad devoted much of his time and thoughts to
igricullure and Horticulture. You well know,
iiy friends, how he has labored in our cause. You
re all aware of the aid which it has derived from
is powerful and accomplished mind, his unwea-
^ed industry, and his elevated character. His
irvices will long be respectfully and gratefully
jiiiembeied, and I am sure that I speak in the
anie not only of all who hear rae, but of all who
now him, when I express the best wishes for his
ealth and bap|)iiiess. Wherever he may go,
lough no longer among us, lie will never cease
) be of us.

But whatever may have been the progress of
[ortii-ulture in Massachusetts, previous to the for-
lation of this Society, it was still rather a solitary
lan a social pursuit. Every one pursued his
wn course, — neither aciiuainted, to any great de-
ree, with the improvements of his neighbor, nor
isisted by his advice, nor excited by his success,
orticulture had its own charms to recommend it,
id these were many and various, but its cause
anted all that aid, which is derived from the
iiiou of numbers, deeply interested, in the pursuit
f a common and favorite object. Our society
as estalilished to remedy this important disad-
mtage, to bring the friends of Horticulture into
ose contract, to afford imlucemenis for that social
iterchangc of sentiiireut, from which the mind
liiis new light, and the feelings new warmth ; to
iffuse knowledge, to correct error, and to call
ito action those master-spirits of the human mind,
le spirit of emulation, and the spirit of improve-
lent.

Of the merits of the Society, we leave the |mb-
c to judge. Its success has surpassed the expec-
itions of its most sanguine members. Tliose who
■ish to know the extent of that success, arc re-
rred to our nurseries, our markets, and our fruit-
ores. In the retrospect of our progress, we ought
n to forget, how much our hands have been

friendly euconragement we have received from
other horticultural societies. More especially should
we acknowledge the courteous and flattering atten-
tions bestowed on our society in its infancy, by
those of Loudon and Paris, and of New York, a
city which has added to its other high claims to
distinction, that of taking the lead in American
Horticulture. Our public authorities of the slate
and city, have not been wanting in bestowing
upon us their support and favor, within their re-
spective spheres of operation. We are indebted
to the Legislature, for the enactment of most just
and wise provisions for the protection of our gar-
dens and orchards, — laws which, we trust, will be
powerfully effective, not only as a terror to evil-
doers, hut in creating a wholesome public senti-
ment and diffusing through the cotnmimity a
proper respect for the rights of the industrious
gardener to the fruits of his science and assiduity.
It is owing to the courtesy of our city governraeni,
that we are now enabled to assemble in this spa-
cious and renowned Hall. The spectacle before
you owes much of its splendor to the kindness and
liberality -of those individuals, who have consented
to expose on this occasion, 1 am sure I ought not
say to iiazard, the choicest productions of their
gardens and green-houses. That our fellow-citi-
zens generally are not indifferent to our success,
is a fact of which we need no other proof than
the audience who have this day honored us with
their presence, and I liave only to say, that 1 can
have no fears for the success of Horticulture, while
I see our exhibitions thus supplied and thus couu-
teuauced.

II none but meritorious service or real talent were
to be rewarded, this nation has not wanted, and
this nation will not want, the means of rewarding
all the service it ever will receive, and encourag-
ing all the merit it ever will produce. No state,
since the fuimdatiou of society, has been impover-
ished by that species of profusion.

STOPPING THE TEETH.

All attempts at stopping the teeth with prepara-
tions into which any metal except gold enters must
be injurious, and for this simple reason, because
no other metal is proof against external agency,
but is more or less speedily decomposed by the
breath, the atmospheric air, or by the action of
the saliva. Such was the result of a very noted
nostrum that not long since promised to make the
Ibrtune of the lucky inventor. It was an amalgam
of silver with quicksilver which soon hardened
and for a time retained its original whiteness; but
a change was not long in taking place ; the com-
bined agency of the brealii, the air, and the saliva-
ry secretions decomposed the amalgam turning it
black, and the saliva becoming impregnated with
the discoloring matter communicated the stain to
all the other teeth. Such a result might easily
have been foreseen ; it is founded on one of the
most simple and obvious principles of chemistry.
— From jVichols "On the Teeth,in relation to Beau-
ty, Voice and Health.'''

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OP TRANSPIiANT-
ING.

Thk removing of growing plants from one part
of the garden to another is done for various rea-
sons, ami the science of transplanting will conse-
quently depend on the intention of the gardener
in the operation. The principal facts to be recol-
lected are, that every plant takes its food by the
tips of the root fibres, and that the sap thence car-
ried up into the leaves has much of its water and
oxygen carried oft" by exposure to light, particu-
larly to sunshine. It follows that if part or all of
the tips of the root fibres be broken offer bruised,
the plant will be kept hungry or starved, just as
an animal would be with its mouth much injured
or blocked up, while if a plant in such a state is
placed in the sunshine, the water and oxygen car-
ried off thereby, will very soon cause it to flag,
wither, and die. — Rennie.

ECONOMY.

Mere parsimony is not economy. It is separ-
able in theory from it, and in fact it may, or it
may not, be a part of economy according to cir-
cumstauces. Expense, and great expense, may be
an essential part in true economy. Economy is a
distributive virtue, and consists not in saving, but
in selection. Parsimony requires no providence,
no comparison, no judgment. Mere instinct, and
that not an instinct of the noblest kind, may pro-
duce this false economy in profusion. The other
economy has larger views. It demands a discrimi-
nating judgment, and a firm sagacious mind. It
shuts one door to impudent importunity, only to

TO MAKE CHEAP, I.IGHT AND WHOLESOME:
BREAD.

Take a dozen and a half of good mealy pota-
toes well boiled ; peel them and mash them fine
while warm ; add two quarts of cold water and
then strain the mixture through a cullender; add
flour enough to make a thick batter ; then a pint
of good lively yeast or emptyings; if the yeast is
sweet, no saleratns is necessary ; if sour, a very
little saleratus ; let- the sponge set until it is well
fermented. With this sponge you may make a
large or a small quantity of bread by adding flour
and water or milk; if a small quantity, it may be
put into the oven very soon ; if the quantity be
large, it must stand longer, or over night. Put in
double the tisiial quantity of salt, but no shorten-
ing. Let the dough stand in a place moderately
warm, but not near the fire, unless it is to be bak-
ed immediately. Milk or water may be used, but
water is the best, for the sponge mixed with water
keeps sweet the longest. The bread will be very
light, sweet and wholesome, having in it neither
acids nor alkalies to neutralize each other. The
greater the proportion of potatoes, the lighter the
bread will be ; but if the proportion be very large,
the bread will be so light as to dry up if kept sey-
eral days. ,

Pastry boiled, such as for dumplings &c, is far
preferable if mixed with a large proportion of po-
tatoes. Take a dozen good sized potatoes mashed
fine, knead flour sufiicient to fnake the dough of
a proper consistency with them while warm — add
double quantity of salt, but no shortening. Put
in the apples and boil about an hour and a half,
or one third less than the usual time for other pas-
try. Bread when very light also bakes sooner.
So says our other half. — Kennebec Journal.

Jin Jlrabian in the Desert had ate nothing ft>r
three days, and was on the point of dying. He at
last found a small leathern sack in the sand, seized
it, felt it, and exclaimed "Allah be praised ! these
must be either dates or nuts." He opened the

sack hastily, looked in, and sighed, "Alas, they
reugthened, and our spirits cheered, by the | og^n another, and a wider, to unpresuming merit. ] are only pearls !"

164

NEW ENGLAND FARMEll,

DECEMBER

is;;t.

From Ike Genesee Farmer.
ON TRANSPLANTING TREES.

As the season for tninsplantiiig trees has now-
arrived, we would urge the propriety of having
the holes dug both large and deep, filling in only
l\ie rich soil, and rejecting that whicli is poor and
sterile. Five or six feet in diameter, and eighteen
inches or two feet in depth, are proper dimensions.
In heavy loams where sand may he conveniently
procured, it would he well to mix a liheral portion
of it with the soil which is to be replaced in the
hole, together with leaves, and small decayed
branches from the woods— for the trees will be
likely to grow in such a bed, and to bear better
fruit when they have grown.

We have seen many a hole dug for this purpose,
that was not more than a foot or fifteen inches in
diameter; and if in taking uii the trees, the roots
were not sufficiently shortened by the spade, they
were bent to force them into the hole. Sometimes
an addition" was made, of a little trench two inches
wide, cut expressly to accommodate some reiiac-
tory member. It was not expected that all the
trees so transplanted would survive, or that the
survivors would do more than live through the
first season ; and we think the expectation was
without doubt the result of former experience.

It is known that the tree derives its sap and
nourishment from the soil, through the medium
of its spongioUs which form the extremities of the
fibrous roots. Of how much consequence must
it be then to preserve the fibrous roots from excis-
ion when the tree is taken up, and also to preserve
them from withering ! Yet many who cultivate
trees are not aware of its importance. We have
seen loads of apple trees kept for many hours to-
gether in open wagons, exposed to the sun and
wind, without any kind of covering whatever, till
the spongioks were shrivelled and dead. Indeed
some planters calculate on the destruction of the
fibrous roots, as a thing, of course, and recommend
that such excrescences should be removed before
the tree is reset.

The best or most convenient method of manag-
ing trees at such times, is not so well known as it
should be. As soon as they are taken up, water
them freely from a watering pot, and cover them
with mats. When a suitable number is ready, tie
them it) small packages of six, eight, or ten, as the
size or other circumstances may require, and work
the roots in soft mud, previously prepared for the
purpose, till every fibre is well coated. In this,
stale, however, they are in danger of losing a part
of their coat by daubing other things, and there-
fore as a remedy, dry earth made fine, is to he
thrown on, till the mud is entirely enveloped. —
When the trees are soon to he set, wet grass will
answer for packing round the root; but if the dis-
tance is great, and the time of their arrival uncer-
tain, they should be packed in moss, the best of
which is procured from bogs.

All this labor is a mere trifle, compared with
tlie value of the trees, and ought in no case t0'>be
omitted — except when they are to be carried only
short distances, and can he kept moist all the time.

From the Vermont Courier.
NOTT'S PATENT BAKERS.

We have examined this new invention for the
kitchen, and cannot but conclude that it will an-
swer a valuable purpose. It consists of a tin box,
nearly three feet long, about 18 inches deep and
wide, in the centre, and gradually diminishing in
'wdth toward each end, which is circular. With-

in about two inches of each end in a funiiu-e, con-
sisting of a sheet iron lube, four inches in diame-
ter, similar to stove pipe, passing perpendicularly
through the box, with a grate at the bottom, and a
pan to receive the ashes, and a damper at the top
to regulate the draught and heat. Large wire roils
are passed horizontally through the box, on which
materials for baking are placed, and fires made in
two furnaces with charcoal. The heat from the
iron tubes is reflected by the inner surface of the
box, and the process of baking goes on with great
uniformity and rapidity. Persons in this village
who have tested this Baker thoroughly, say that two
quarts of coal will hake twelve pounds of meat and
a peck of potatoes; and that one dollar's worth ot
common charcoal is suft'icii nt to bake all the pro-
visions of an ordinary family for a year. A great
saving of firewood and expense is clearly exhibit-
ed by this fact. The Baker is portable, weighing
butafew pounds, and can be put in the most con-
venient place for use. Tney are manufactured by
Messrs. P. & H. Hatch, of this village, who have
the exclusive right of making and vending ihcm in
this and Orange county ; and are sold ibr $3.00.
In the summer seasoij, especially, this Baker must
he a valuable article for every housekeeper, and en-
sure a great saving of labor and fuel.

SA1.T FOR SHEEP.

In a conversation with us, very recently, an in-
telligent agriculturist who had bestowed consider-
able attention on the sheep business, advanced the
doctrine, that salt was injurious to sheep, in the
winter season, when confined to dry fodder: and
that none should be given them during the winter,
ffor in the spring, till after they had been shorn.
He said several yeurs of experience had proved to
bis satisfaction, that sheep thus treated were more
free from disease ; and would generally, be entire-
ly free from that disgusting a<-cumulation of filth
about the hind jiart of the fleece, so common at
the season of sliearing. This was new to us ; and
we were induced to examine some of the standard
writers on this subject. — Daubenton recommends
salt to be given to sheep in France, in cold weath-
er, also when the weatlier is foggy, or when it
raius or snows; hut says, it should be given in
small quantities; as too nmcli heats, or injures
them. Livingston, however, informs us, that in
Spain, no salt is given to the travelling flocks in
the winter; nor on their journey, but when they
arrive at the place of their summer pasture they
are allowed as much as they will eat. No reason,
however, is assigned for not using salt in the
winter ; but much, undoubtedly, may he infer-
red from the unitbrm practice, in this respect, of
the Shepherds of Spain. Such authority is, no
doubt, a suflicient warrant for trying the experi-
ment. It will probably be a safe one ; and may
result in important benefits to the owners of flocks.
— JS/'orlhern Farmer.

THE CAUSE or MALARIA,

— In the |)cslilential districts of Italy, has general-
ly been supposed to be the decomposition of veg-
etable matter on a moist surface. This, however,
is to confound the malaria with the marsh fever.
The former is now thought to proceed from a very
difl'erent cause, and to be analogous to what in
England is called the hay fever. It is found that,
while the corn or hay crop is in a growing state
in the pestilential districts, they are as healthy as
auy pari of Italy ; but that, the iiiomei)t the crop

is cut down, or withers on the ground, ibe m iiia
ria commtiices, and continues through the auiumii
and winter, till vegetation becomes vigorous i»i^
the following spring. The neighborhood of'
Rome, where nialari;i is so prevalent, is very
hilly, dry, and entirely williout vegetation. I'lr-
days together, one sees noihing but desoli.te dnnl
up corn fields, without trees, bushes, or wood "1'
any descripttoii. In early times, Rome was sur-
rounded by extensive satred woods, which were
not sufl'ered to he destroyed. At that period mal-
aria was unknown, though intermitling feviis
were well known in the Poniine Marshes. ']'i:e
avarice of the popes, however, converted ihi.-e
sacred woods into gold, and so desolated the regie n
that not a tree or wood is to be met with aroni d
Rome. With the commencement of this systi m
of extirpation the malaria apjieared, and has ;it
lengih reached such a height, that yearly, nniny
are carried gradually oft" by it; and, in the sum-
mer moiiihs, strangers and respectable iiibabiianii !
quit Rome. When we take into coiisideratii n all!
the phenomena of mar.'hy districts, the concln>ii^:
does not lie far distant, that the atmosphere is \v
different degrees rendered unfit for human organ-
ization, not by the passage of the water to the air
but by the decomposilion and solution of vcgeta
hie substances ; and that thus those various iuler
mittiiig fevers, and even the plague itself, are pro
duced. In the case of real malaria, in opposiiioi
to marsh fevers, the circumstances are difl'erent
So long as the earth is covered with living vegela
hies, as, for example, with corn, the air of tin
most susjiected district is juire and healthy, and m
one fears beingattacked by llie disease ; hut, whet
the prodigious crops, which in those volcani
loose-sciled districts are speedily hroight to malu
rity, are removed, does the surface of the earth be
come dead at the warmest and most energetic pe
riod of its functions ? or does not rather a jiorlini
of those substances, which were consumed by th
leaves .ind roots of plants, now go to the aimos
phere, and render it unfavorable for the breath
in" of man, until all is again restored to an equi
libriurn in higher or more distant regions? Thii
carbonaceous matter is beneficial to the vegelabl
kingdom, is as well known as that it is prejiidicit
to the breathing process in animals. No educate-
person in Germany doubts the organic fundion c
the earth, to which also the cholera itself has bee
ascribeil ; and when a more general regard to lu
ture advances to the south, the sacred woods wi
a"ain gradually surround Rome, large vine brancl:
cs entwine ihemselves round the elms, the hills hi
thus a"ain covered, and the malaria reduced withi
limits. The fact is not without interest, that a
real niularia districts are of volcanic fuimalioi
and that they arc often to be found at the hoimdi
ry of volcanic and non-volcanic rocks." (Jaiheson
Jour., vol. xvii. p. 167.) In several districts ;
England, the country people are liable to atlacl
of fever immediately after the removal of the hi
crop, some individuals much more so than olhel
This may be considered as a species of malaria
a comparalively mild description.

Coal is an essential ingredient in the food

all vegetables. AVater that passes through putr
lying substances, when evaporated, exhibits tl
principal part of the residuum to consist of coal.

Coal is not only suiiplied by the land, but «1
liy fixed air, combined with the earths. — Sir Joi
Sinclair's book, pp. 106, 107.

VOL. XIII. NO. ai.

AND HQUTICULrLRAr. JOURNAL.

' From the Worcester Palladium. I H^lfl VV,. 1, . • . ^

CULTURE OF SILK. . , I " " '""^'' somewhere, that

Tnr. first knnwlclge we have of the gvovvin-r of K'n H 1 ^'^ ' ■ "'^ T^ i"tro,l„erd an,nu.ll.v
■Silk, U ,Jerive.( fro,„ Chi,.e.e history. The silk K^' ''V T '"T'' °/ Wi"dhan,, Tollan.l, an,l
won,, was first know,, in ihat i.art of China ,m «m'" "''"'* "'"""' l'"l'"''"i«"

.-.nciently called Seriea, wh.re forests of the white L„,'""'"'''V^,-"°'' ''"^"^'"^ '" ""^ '^"'""■^ °''
niulherrv tree grew .po.unMeonsly. Anion., the "3^°'"" /""" 'f P'-odueing from 20 to 100

claims of antiquity put forth hv that stran.^e race T"'"^' •'""'>'• .^e Mieve that the fa,m-rs of
'• -■••••■ ° ' '-•"""•^'^"'■I't <^c"snier it the most lucrative part of

tlicM- business. A knowled-e of the process of
raising the trees and producing the cocoons is very
easdy acquired. On an avcrafie 100 pounds of
leaves, will produce a pound and a Imlf of raw
silk. One full grown tree, in a healthy state, will
urnish a hundred pounds of leaves in a season.
In the silk growing towns of Connecticut, a fiirm

165

of men, we find it nicnlioiicd tliat more than 700
years antecedent to the time of Abraham, they had
directed their atlentinu to the culture of silk. One'
tif the Empresses of the Celestial Empire, with
the aid of her retinue of women, introduced the
silk worms into the apartmeiils of the imperial pal-
ace, and supplied them with leaws from the mul-
berry tree. The cocoons thus produced were found
to be much more valuable than those which were
produced in the open air. The queen and her
women wrought the silk which tliey cultivated into
garments, which they cmbi'oidered and otherwise
tastefully decorated. It soon liccame the common
apparel for all the "-aristocracy" of China. Sub-
sequently it became an article of commerce with
the western iialiniis, wherf eventually it vias grown
ami manufactured. The Greeks derived their first
knowleilgo of silk from the military expedition of
Alexander; and Aristotle called the attention of
ids countrymen to the imjiortance of tlm subject
it least three centuries and a half before the com-
riencement of the christian era. The Saracens
ntroduced it into Spain when they conquered that
■ountry ; and as early as the middle ,of the twelfth
•entnry it bad become a source ot> much wealth

0 the Spanish nation.
Italy is celebrated for its productions of silk ;

■et it was not introduced into that country until
he 16tli century. In other parts of Europe its
irogress was more slow. Since the introduction
f the mulberry tree into France, near the close
f the lOili century, tlie French, instead of paying
lany millions annually to other nations, make an
stimaled profit of more than $7,000,000, yearly
n tlieir silks.

In the colony of Virginia, considerable effort
'as made for the production of Silk". Mnlbeiry
oes, seeds, and W(M-ms were sent over and fur-
ished gratuitously by the British government;
id we find it recorded that Charles II once stated

1 Governor Berkley that he had himself worn
irginia silk, and found it fully equal to that of
her countries. In 1661, Charles II. offered a
rge iiremium of tobacco to whoever should ex-
d in tlie culture of silk; and, three years after-
ards, one gentleman claimed the premium for

month of January, "expect snow about these
days. The price of the time lost when it is mos
valuable, iu putting the exposed articles in prope
i-epair, not speaking of the cost of the material
and the interruption of business, would defray th
ex/iense of erecting ten such cheap sheds as woiil
cover thetn from the storms, protect them from
decay, and keep them ready for immediate use.—
JVat. JEgis.

"^ t

FRUITS OP IIVDIA.

Extracts from Review of Transactions of Jtgr. and
Hort. Soc. of India in Loudon's Mag. for Sept.
The fleshy and pulpy fruits of Cashmere an d

would be w t lo t the° Tl at U would 'be " Zl' ,^ '" '^''" "" "'"" ''■"''' '''^ ■— g'anate.,

H-able branch of J^rCL:^:;.:^::^^: IZ r^: :; trZt^, ^- - --y vanetie;
a doubt. The greatest objection to entering into oririn.' No mLll e y of E. , or^
the Mismess, lias ever been the want of s.iUable diat equals the sweet vaietioTcashme^eTh
.^huiery with which to manuf^icture the raw ma- 1 are et:;en ripe, or tnadj^lmo w "I':- 1" i::, S^

),000 trees which he then had grovvin<
In 1735 eight pounds of raw silk were exported
Jm Georgia ; and for many years considerable
lautities were annually exported. In 1759 the
louy of Georgia exported upwards of 10,000
umis of raw silk, which brottght two or three
illings a pound more than the silk of any Euro-
an country.

It^was introduced into Mansfield, Connecticut,
1760. But the Revolution came on, and there
IS no longer a foreign market for the raw mate-
', and the colonists were not skilled in its man-
icture. The exigencies of the country required
It every man should be a soldier, or devote fiis
Je to such, agricultural pursuits alone as might
requisite to the sustenance of himself and fiun-
■ The business was resumed immediately al'ter
■■ Revolutiou ; and in 1789, two hundred pounds
raw silk were made in the single town of Mans-

, tenal into marketable fabrics. This desideratum
has been happily supplied by Messrs Gay & Mose-
LKY, of Connecticut, who have invented and put
m operation machinery which works with ease and
facility, and produces a fabric that equals the best
of imported silks.

Mr. Gay was in this town last week, for the
pnr()ose of inducing our citizens to establish here
a silk mannfactoiy. He is prepared to supply the
requisite machinery, and give such instruction in
Its use as may be necessary to the successful pros-
ecution of the art. He had with him some beau-
tiful specimens of the production of his machinery
from an establishment which has gone into succts-
ful operation at Providence, R. I.

We are anxious to see the culture and nianu-
factiij-e of silk extensively established in New-
England, <as it will not only tend to diminish the
importations of fiu-eign silks, which now amount
to about it-10,000,000 annually, but will give to
the north a great staple like that of the cotton of
the South, aiid furnish to our whole population a
healthful and profitable employment : an emjiloy-
uient admirably adapted to females and children.

That a branch of industry, so essential to the
prosperity of Massachusetts, may he successfully
established among us, we hope to see the subject
brought before our Legislature at an early day of
us approaching session, that the [.atroiiage of the
government may be applied in such a manner as
shall promote every effort towards the attaiumeiit
of success

CARE OF FARMIISG TOOLS.

A TOPIC not yet sufficiently enforced on the
attention of farmers, is the wasteful negligence
evinced in the exposure of agricultural implements
to the injuries of the seasons. The sleds curlin.r
and cracking by the side of the wall in summei^
and the cart half buried in snow and seasoning in'
the winter storms, are symptoms of waste and^ex-
travagance, which ripen into a consumption, to be
hastened to premature termination by the visits of
the sheriffs. The whole secret of wealth consists
in economy, and the prudent care of those small
nils which without great vigilance, are slipping
tlirough the chinks of the best woven purse ; and
It may be considered quite as safe to predict that
none of these slovenly gentlemen will be pros-
perous, as to write in the style of the calendar
soothsayers, through the printed pages of the

An immense quantity of oil and oil cake is made
from the walnut, and the wood of the tree is said
to equal that of Britain for gunstocks. It is calcu-
lated that Cashmere would supply as much walnut
oil as would furnish gas enough to lieht all Britain
It appears that .the cucumbers and nielons grown
in the floating gardens of Cashmere, are neither
very large nor very well flavored. At a distance the
smaller gardens appear like havcocks ; one melon
orcucumbergrowingon the summit, and spreadinjr
down the sides ; the larger are like narrow ridge,
ol dung made up for growing mushrooms, with
rows of cucumbers or melons along the top. Float-
ing gardens of great extent are sometimes stolen
during the night, and being towed a considerable
distance, and anchored along with others of a sim-
liar character, it is difficult Ibr the owner to recoe-
nise his property.

Method of treating Grape Vines at Bombay. The
chief thing worthy of remark is the mode of givint
lliem a kind of artificial winter. This is done by
laying hare the roots after the rainy season, so as
to check vegetation. They are laid bare about
the 7lh or lOlh of October, and are allowed to re-
inain exposed for 15 or 16 days. The vines are
then pruned, ami in about a week afterwards it is
ollser^ed that the buds are beginning to break •
lue roots are then re-covered with the soil mixed
with manure, and water is given to them every
morning and evening till the fruit attains its full
growih. They are afterwards watered every third
or fourth day, till the grapes are completely ripe.
It thus appears that the length of the winter given
10 the vine m Bombay is about 26 days, which
may perhaps aftord a useful hint to the British
lo.cuig gardener. It does not appear that the
lirodnct of the vines in Bombay is very great, but
the gardeners have no diflicultv, by means of win-
termgdiflerent plants in succession, in having ripe
grapes every day in the year.

.Vango and Peach Trees. " No fruit in India is
held 111 such estimation by the whole mass of its
population, from Delhi to Cape Comorin, as the
mango." The peach, though a fine fruit, is com
paratively little valued. The mango is allowed to
be extremely wholesome and nutritions. There
are a great many varieties of mangoes to be found
in the orchards of India ; but, like the peaches in
the American orchards, they have been generally
raised from seeds sown on the spot, and the ma-
jority of them are of very inferior quality.

NEW

DECEMBER 3, inS*.

NEW

BOSTON, WEDNESD^>M2VE™^DECJ^^

^^„,rM^,^^^r^- Grand Emporium of every
thing which can gratify ihe man of lasle or sat, fy «k
wi.ht wliose appetite is too keen to be fashd ou., wa.
;n o Iverflowing for several days before Th^nU^g-.ng.
We made a tour of observation through the a-'es ave
Is and recesses of this Palace of fenty and ound
such a feast for the eyes-such a display of fat fair
r r>te food, that it almost annihilated that " long.ng |
after sonrething good to eat," which .s a - j; -
eivin. a zest to thanksgiving cheer. We doubt whe he
fhe old World, or the Whole World can surpass Busto
Markets, in those substantial, wh.ch after all are all
that want can covet or wealth can furnish.

Ca-uses of destructive Fires. Few if any evls in the
cat^'gef human calamities are attended with ,nore
dtt essing and desolating consequences than those whi 1
arUe front carelessness with regard to the manageinent
of fir A few cautions on this subject may, therelore,
prove useful, and we will state the most common causes
of Idndhng those unlicensed and unwelcome fires, w uch
annuaUy, 'not only destroy the property but the Uves
of many worthy and industrious citizens.

Settin. Stoves i,nproperJy. These are often placed too
„ea the" unprotected wood of a partition, fire board
"ant and sometimes their smoke pipes communicate
heTt nou.^h to wood with which they are nearly or
j:i h"co°ntact, to cause the commencement of a con.
• fla«ation, which may destroy a city.

'carelessness in disposing of ashes. Feople, who do or
ougM to know better often set ashes or .-emb«s away
i„looden vessels, and *>- woo akesfire. A y^
for the Mmerican Farmer states that Bui a lew
• .. hid it not been for the timely discovery ol tlie

IZ woodhouse 1 into which ashes f^^^^^ I
fire was thrown. And we are sorry to learn that some
oor,nmo. ate neighbors are in the habit oi using a
kJZZ for this purpose, and when filled of se ting i
anfo,;: shavings a'nd other combustibles of a lumber

"Ztonly may fire be communicated by hot ashes, but
it fsl;:iUiat/shes, which have lost their heat dern.d
from the fire place will often communicate ^ J'y^2_
taneons conAustion. Professor Smith, fori, erl o ^c w
Haven, Con., in a Lecture on the subject of beat
aerved as follows : — . , j

» Perhaps there are few people, who are acquainted
with llie fact that ashes made by burning hard wood,
Tuch as ash, maple, Ac. in a fire place, and taken J

dry are capable of producing spontaneous combustion
«mnly by receiving a degree of moisture, or by coming
Tontact with a wet board or stave, or being expos
^ a very damp atmosphere. It is gen-'^Wy^^''^
when fire is kindled by ashes, that it is caused by coa
being put away with the ashes while on fire ; but this i
Stake. The coals, if they were on fire, when buri
in ashes, and excluded from atmospheric air «"»''' s°°"
L e..tin uish..d, or if they were not they -uld not k n
die fire with the atmospheric air exclud.^. The spo i
taneous combustion of ashes proceeds from a very dit

ferent principle. , .

•■Hard wood ashes, when they arc first made, ana

whUe they are kept dr, contain a metal called potassium,

7",'7fTh7^vdlvo7dead earth, and to replace that

very coin- a foot of the 8^'';^'=''^ ° „ ^^ ^i^^^ij tl,ink small

(•„,. denth with small stones-, »to. >'c^

stones m-ht be preferable, because they would retain
Iuture,;nd present interstices to fibrous roots, at ^he
same time prevent the descent of a large taproot^ Ad
the tree might be less liable to be blown over by wind

which is the basis of potash. This metal

bustible, and has so strong an affinity o: at^traction

oxygen, the supporter and cause ot combustion, that it I

take's o;ygen from water, the moment that it touches

and burns with a vivid flame, and the product of tins ^^^^ ^^ _^^^

combustion is potash, that is, potash is potas-sium satu- ^^^^^ .^ .^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ „,t, or an nnpenetra-

rated with oxygen, or what may be called the oxyde ol _^^ _^^ _^^_^ ^

It should be noticed too that water is a I _.J .._

::;;3 o;:=;:::;;nrh;d;;.en, and that wl.n*e
potassium comes in contact with water, it akestheox)
In-n from it, and the hydrogen being set free increa s
' Uie combustion. The simple explanation then is th ,
dry ashes when first burnt, contain '"/l"™/ '"'^'f "
•suLance, which is highly -«-"-'''';• -J^oli
set on fire by moisture. Quick lime and water produce
iieat sufficient in some instances, to set wood on i e but
.shes and water produce a much more - -- ^^'^ /^
.,ddin. water to ashes there is a real combustion of the
ituontained in the ashes ; the metal being a conibns-
Itille substance, requiring nothing but the oxygen of
water to set it on fire."

'Fire-hoards also often take and communicate fire. This
is sometimes the case when fire boards are placed m fire
nlaces not in use, at the time when they take hre. But
Kh rases othLr fire places btlonging to the sau^
chimney must have had fires ^^^^^^'l^'^-
the accidents could not have happened, boot ha col
lects in flues communicating with those in wlucli fire ]
boards are set, falls down, and in time '-k- consider-
able deposits. Spiders also spin nets m he chimney or
fire place, which are not of asbestos. When a quantity
; sLeh combustible matter has accumulated, a spark
tilted cinder, falling from an adjacent ^^^ ^'^^^^^^^_
this magazine, and if not discovered m season, tlie bu Id
11; is consumed. Iron, Uu or bricks should be used to
stop all such fire places.

A KEMAKKABl-E PeAR TbEE ; FLAT STONES .^T THE

noors OF Fku.t Trees. A friend, to whom we are

::chindebt:d for the favor has sent us the following

extract from an English publication :
■ Demon Hall. At this hour the gray massy walls con-
. !( finelv with the beauty and fertility around it.

'CEa's delivered co'mplete.y with ivy. The
South a noble pear tree completely covers-describing
mtc; the whoJrange of the bmldiiig-.n s_r on^
su,et of blossom, in winter loaded with fruit. How
tl .eiierations have enjoyed its fruit canno now be
: /ascertained ; an old man, who died recently at the
age of 80, declared that when he was a boy it was as

lare-e then as now. . „„

U IS worth whUe to remark tliat when the present oc
npier of the hall was recently taking up the stumps of
two very old fruit-trees, he found at the bottom ot eacli
a large flat stone, evidently placed for the purpose ot
pix entingthe roots from striking downwards into the
clay, and inducing them to shoot laterally into the light

"ihe plan of placing a large flat stone, with a layer or
two of earth above was not long since announc d as a
iTeat discovery, a grand improvement in horticulture.
" Bn the Editor. The above article may give useful in -
forination to many who are by no means -vices in the

mass^jiob™^ltura^^

iwJITS EXHIBITED.

SalurJai;, .Vov. 29.
Pears By Wm. Oliver, Esq. of Dorchester, Moor-
1 fowl E-r.; a well known and valuable Scotch variety
By M:. Downer-Bezi Vaet. The fruits exhibited as
specimens of this new variety were large and very ob-
tusely formed, somewhat compressed towards tire sum-
mit, the stalk in a deep depression ; the color a uniform,
nale dull yellow; the flesh beurre, with a sacchaim.,
subacid and excellent flavor. This variety promises to
become one of our most valuable winter peaxs.

By the Hon. Jolin Lowell-Th.; Foxley, from the sec-
ond donation of Mr. Knight, a middle-sized fruit of an
obovate form ; the color a brown russetty yellow-juicj ,
saccharine with a very agreeable astringency. I his
"uit it was supposed by Mr. Knight would be valuable

i '"t^'el: By William Kenrick, received of Dr. Elisha

J Ford of Alna, Me. 7 specimens of apples as follows :

_1. Custard Apple, above the medium size, con.caly

formed ; the skin very smooth, o. a delicate straw color

and beautiful appearance-the flower sweet and good

2 Red Rounding, a small round fruit of a dark red color

very pleasant and sweet. 3. Hunt's Orange, a round

fruit, rather large,of a pale red color, covered wUh smal

strea:ks of deep red, sweet and excellent. 4^ Plumnie

apple-pale greenish yellow, faintly streaked next the

^„ with palf red, of a round form and medium size, t

flavor very sweet and excellent. 5. Famous Morgan

received from the neighborhood of Philadelphia, a large

oblon. fruit, inclining to conical; pale yellow with i

faint blush next the sun, pleasant with a very lively ac.d

(i Woodpecker, a small and perfectly round fruit, oi

dark dull red color, covered on every side with sma.

„ey points or specks ; the flesh firm, with a very agre.

Me and excellent subacid flavor. 7. Early Russ.-t, .

evidently the York Russet, so common in Uie vicimty .

By "wr. Manning-beautiful specimens of the Epp.
1 Sweet or Danvers winter sweet, a native of Danvers,
TaTae round fruit, a little flattened ; the skin very smoo
and fair, of a greenish yellow color changing at matur,
to a clear yellow or straw color; the flesh firm vc
sweet and excellent. A very superior and producti
variety, and as such - -commended for extensive c.
,,tion' For the Committee, WM_^KE^RIC^

Alna, Nov. 2, loo*
.yiHian, Kenrick, £.,,-Dear,Sir In my ^-te J 1
vou up a small box of apples as follows, viz . -7 Cust»
and 5 Red Rounding^ in one apaitment : 4 Hunt s Ora»
sweeting, and 5 PUimmer Apples in another apartme
six Famous Morgans, and 6 Woodpeckers. The i .
I presume is the Bellflower, and does not come to 1

of cultivating fruit-trees.

l:.rdrUn:;novel..,wlm really believed it
L be such; and'of theirowninvenuon. Difterent per-
sons may inventor discover the same thing wihou. in-
lercominunication or knowledge of each other s d.scov-
ery or intention. The Hon. J. Welles has, we believe,
improved on the above mentioned practice In a com-
munication for the Mass. Arg. Repos. for Jan, 182o Mr
Welles slate, his plan, and says. " It was in efiect to laj
aside and reserve the two upper strata, and remove about j

,0 means novicco >.» ".- i piesuwit .= -..>• - . -j ,„ l..,vp orl

But persons may >- fection h.e, and the Woodpec^^^^^^^^^^

ated in Newton, N. H. from the seed. The latter is .^
of the fairest apoles in form and shape I have ever s
keeps till mid winter. Also, 6 Early Russets. Are.
tbese last the l'or/£fl«5S6t?

Hunt's Orange is a western apple, but called H
liere from a Mr. Hunt having brought it into this
It is a large red sweet apple, fit for baking early i

OS. lOr Jan. iu~o, i.i.. II is a laigc !<-« »■ ~ii .

It was in efiect to lay season, and I presume is a good bearer

■ ' Your friend and servt. 1^. J. r ur

vol.. XIII. NO. ar.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

ITEMS OP iaiTEl.l,I«EiVCE.

ImprorcmeiU in HulstmJs. Mr. George Porter, a re-
speclable cabinet maker of this city, lias invented an
improvement in Bedsteads, wliich we deern of great im-
portance to the public generally. The improvement
consists in putting tiiem up with iron fastenings, simply
dropping down the rail wedges to a complete joint.
There is no mortice, tenons, or screws, and no harbor
for bed bugs. A child may set them up or take them
down. In case of fire they may be easily moved. Tliose
■who wish to procure bedsteads, will Co well to e.xamine
tliis improvement before they purchase. We understand
a great number have already been sold, and _^that Mr.
Porter has disposed of the right to use the improvement
to several cabinet makers of this city, who are now en-
gaged in manutactuiing t<ie article.— Ci'/t. Gaz.

jyeiBspapers in t/ie United States. The whole number
of Newspapers now published in the U. S. is ia(»; of
•which )U7 are published in this state, 220 in Pennsylva-
nia, 108 in Massachusetts, 140 in Ohio, &c. &c. About
nine hundred of these papers are received at this Office.
— jV. Y. Courier and Enquirer.

Itch Insect. M. Renneci, a medical student at Paris,
has succeeded in detecting the itch insect, (Arcus scab-
rei,) the existence of which was doubted. It resembles
the mole in shape, and is thus enabled to bnrrow under
the cuticle. The discovery has created quite a sensa-
tion among the savans of Paris.

The Chairman of the E.xecutive Committee jaf the
New- York Stale Temperance Society, on his return
from the great Temperance Convention recently held in
Virginia, obtained the following important testimony :

" Being satisfied from observation and experience, as
well as from Medical testimony, that ardent spirit as a
d'.ink, is not only needless, but hurtful ; and that the
entire disuse of it would tend to promote the health, the
virtue and happiness of the community, we hereby ex-
press our conviction, that would the citizens of ihe
United States, and especially all ijoung men, discontinue
the use of it, tliey would not only promote tlieir.own
personal benefit, but the good of their country and the

^OM." ■ Ji„ES MiUISO.-J,

Andrew Jacksos,
John Quincy Adams.

SMVKNA SPKllVQ WHEAT.

Just received a lew Bushels of ilie above kind of Wheat
winch will be found a valuable variety, having been tried Iwu
years 111 l\ew-Eiiglaiid and vieldiiig 35 liusliels one year and
oU l.uslicis llie second year lo llie acre. Farmers will please
tall and ^.ee ii. GEO. C. liAKRETT.

167

*''i ^ t^^S^F COUNTRY P R(Jd U C E
.^.^^Jf^^'^'^l^HU great care, >veekly *^-

NEW WORK.

Just received from llie Publisher a new work emilled Cal-
careous JlANUllts, lifaling upon llie diflerenl capaeilics.of
soils lor loiprovemenl &.c. by E. Rudiu. Esq. Editor of the
laraier's Kegislci. GEO. C. BAKKETT,

New-Eiiu|and Farmer Office.

AGRICULTURISTS ATTEND I

" Have respect unto all things, hold last that vvhich is good."
1 he Subscriber has hrcuglu to this maikel, a new variety of
fnUUues, winch have two good properties, viz. ; they aie ex-
ceedingly productive, and are excellent lor the table.— They
Inue been planted but four years, and from two potatoes have
produced_/u(<i(«n liimdred bushels. To be found at Brimmer's
store, on the T wharf, Boston.

MOSESJlEAti'.
\^roSn\he island of St.

H«iena

The above Potatoes originated,.a>ofi

Nov. 12.

FARM WANTED,

—Within 25 miles of Boston on a lease lor 5 years — containing
not less than 100 acres— one on the sea coast would be pieltr-
red. Address B. M. at N. E. Farmer ojKce, post paid,
dec 3 Hi

FOR SALE OR TO LET.

A valuable farm situated in Medl'urd, about five miles from
this cily, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm
1' or luilher parliculars apply at this office. - '^

u. n

PKUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES.

The subscriber is now prepared to receive orders lor trees
lorlall setting out, and the best attention will be paid to oiders
by mail or otherwise. Catologues to be had gratis upon ap-
Pl"^""on- GEO. C. BARRETT.

TO COMPETITORS FOR PREMIUMS ON BUT-
TER AND CHEESE.

The Trustees of the Massarhusetls Societv for Promotiii"-
Agriculiure, hereby give notice that aot having been able to
obtain the use of Faneuil Hall for the exhibition ol Butter and
Cheese on the 3d December next, Messrs. Livermore&
Kenda I have generously offered lo the Society, the use of the
Kotuiida over the Faneuil Hall Market for that purpose Ail
persons, iherelore, who intend to ofler Butter or Cheese for pre-
mium, may make application to Cu/eb H.:yiimrd, Esq.. Clerk
ol the illarket, under whose direction the same may be deposit-

Ou the 3d December, it will he examined bv Ihe C.immillee

Per Order, BENJ. GUILD, Ree. Sec'ry.

Boston, Nov 13, 1831.. ^

linn.s:an garden and nurseries.

Flushing, near. Neto lor*.— WM. PRINCE &, SONS have
just published their Kew Catalogue uith greatly reduced p-ices
Application therefor, and all oiders, must be sent direct to
Ihtm per mad. The Fruit Trees are of the largest size Ibr
transplanling, and suitable for Orchards to come promptly in-
to bearing. Of the suj.crior new Flemish Pears, and Jther
new varieties, the trees are 3 to 4 years from the graft, and in
the mostvigoious state, as are also the German varieties of
Apples, Cherries, Plums and Peaches, which are so well cal-
culated lor a northern climate ; Ornamental Trees and Flower-
ing Ni.ubs can be furnished of the largest size, worth treble
the price of small ones, as several years are thus gained in
embell|*meiits. In fact those who wish very superior Trees

TO SMITHS, &.C.
PATENT HORSE SHOE NAILS.

The Subscribers have now in successful operation atPlymp-
ton. Mass a machine for making Horse Shoe Nails.

X he nails are made of the very best Iron, are perferdy mall-
«ble ai,.l admirably adapled to the nse for which \^y were de-
•igneil. l\umernus respectable teslimony from those »ho have
used and approved them could be cite.l,"but the manulactuiers
relying upon the quality of the article, prefer thai the aails
IhoukI be their own test.

They are known to be a good article,— and can he obtained
w any quantity desired from the mani.faclurers at their place
^n PIvinpton. Mass., or at THOS, FAXON'S .«raiih Shop
rona street, Bosion. opposite the Massachuseils H..iel.

PI, , H-iVWARD, RALPH & STURTEVANT.

riympton, Mass., Nov. 26.

_ A GARDENER

^,»f'"^*J?'"',*''°"~''''" prof'uce Ihe best recommentlations
M regards his character and capacity. nav 19

I

Cdn-»rassured of receiving such as cannot fail lo give lliem
salislaclion; the immense stock on hand, affording the means
ot making superior selections. The collections ol hardy Flow-
ering Plants, Green House Plants, and Bulbous Flower Roots
have been enriched with all the new varielics, which are otifer-
ed at very low prices. The assortments of Roses aud Double
Dahlias comprise all the splendid new varieties, and each
collection occupies an acre of ground.— A great discount
IS made on both these classes of Howers, aud Splendid
Dahlias are supplied at p, §41 and $6 per dozen, each
roo a distinct named variety ; Chinese Mulberry or Mnrus
Mu Iticau IS, at §4^ per dozen, ,g25 per 100; Isabella, Ca-
tawba, Winiie, or Buck, and Alexander Grapes, al «(3 per
dozen or S20 per 100; Superior Lancashire Gooseberries as
sorted at J^3 per dozen, or S20 per 100; Fine Red Raspber-
ries. Hb pnr 100. U here so desired, selections will be made
ol the most hardy kinds of Fruit and Ornamental Trees and
1 lams, suited to a northern climate, and the situation of our
Nurseries, which are in a lolly and op^n exposure renders the
trees^pailicularh hardy. The assoitment of Garden Field
and 1 lower Seeds is unrivalled in extent, and forms a complete
concenlralion of the ciioicest varieties known in Europe and
tins coiiiilry, and having been raised under our own inspec'tion
or grown e.vpressly lor us by our correspondents, we cxpresslv
guarantee their excellence and accuracy, and we ask no pay-
mem where they do not prove exactly as represented The
Catalogue contains many new and very superior varieties of
vegetable and Flower Seeds, and among the Field Seeds are
Su|K'rior Provence Luzerne, W bite Dutch Clover Pacev's
perennial Rye Grass, New Italian do Early Angus and Hope-
lownOats, English Potato Oats weighing 44 lbs. per bushel,
O.ciard Grass Pall Oats Grass, Trifolium incarnatum, nc
t-arly Crimson Clover, Burnet, &c. Also, 100 bushels Tav-
l"rs tony fold, or Crimson Nonsuch Potato, which is now
taking precedence of all others in England, and 50 bushels Po-
tato Onions. Venders of Seeds will be supplied al very low
rales and a credit to suit their convenience. Where alaree
number ol Trees, &c. are wanted, a discount will be made and
a credit allowed if desired, and to Nurseries the terms will in
every respect be maile favorable. Every invoice emanating
from us has our priuled heading and signature, and none others
are guaranteed. , j^

Apples, russets,

Beans, wliiie, . . . . ' ' '

Beef, rness, (new)

Cargo, No. 1 ..'..' '
prime, ... .*•*'*

Beeswax, (American)' ] ' ' '

Butter, inspected, No. ],'new '
Cheese, new milk, . ...'.'

skimmed milk.
Feathers, northern, geese

southern, geese,'. '. '.

tLAX, American,. .

Flaxseed,. ...'''''

Flour, Genesee," .' .' .' 'cash.'

Baltimore, Howard sir. '.

Baltimore, wharf,

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow '. '.
southern yellow,. .

white,

» Kye, Northern, . .

• fiarley, .....'"

Oats, Northern', '. (prime)

Hat, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, . '. . '

Hard pressed, . .

Honey, ■ . .

Hops, 1st qualify (new) '. . \ '

.2d qualify . ' ] '

Lard, Boston, Istsort, . . . ,

Southern, 1st sort
Leather, Slaughter, sole, '. '. '.

Dry Hide, sole. . .

" upper, . .

Pliiladelphia,sole, . ',
Baltimore, sole

best sort . , ' '

Mass.iiispec.,extracl'ear, '.
Navy, Mess,. ...
Bone, middlings.
Seeds, Herd|s Grass (none) '. '.
Red Top, northern.
Red Clover, northern', .' .'

WhiteDuich Honeysuckle'
1 allow, tried, . .

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeceii

American, full blood,wasli'ed

do. 3-4ihs do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed
- f Pulled superfine, .
£tj I 1st Lambs, . .
■f=<!2d "

1 3-1 3d '• : : :

2 [ IslSpmning, . .
Southern pulled wool is generally
5 cts. less per lb. '

?To V I sT0N~M A
retail price
Hams, northern, . .
southern, . .
Pork, whole hogs,
PouLTRV, (uncertain,)
Butter, (mb) . .
lump.

Eggs,

Potatoes,
Cider, (new,)

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

pound

bushel
barrel

oushel

ERoai
2 CO
1 37

7 SO

6 50

17

14

Lime,
Pork,

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

it
bushel

pound

cwl

pound

40

35

il

1 33

3 37

6 42

5 .W

5 50

SO

C4

68

80

G2

40

18 00

13 00

14 00
37
14
10
11

7
17
10
15
. 18
27
25

17 00
13 00

75
8
25
7 00
GO
60
45
35
32
38
30
40
30
23
35

RKET.

pound

%

"

8

'^

6

*'

9

*'

14

"

rs

dozen

25

bushel

37

barrel

1 50

2 2a

2 00
10 00
8 00
6 75
23
16

a

b

45

41)

9

1 40

i to

6 65
5 62

82

ec

70

85

66

43

19 00

14 00

13 CO

42

15

11

«4

19
12
17
20
30
27
1 06
18 00

8 58

87
10
31

7 50
65
58
£0
4S
36
40
55
45
33
25
<0

10
9

fl
17

25

30
50

2 50

BRIGHTON MARKET— Monday, Dec. 1, 1B34.

Reportetl for the Daily Advcrtifernnd Patriot'.

At market91() beef- cattle, 720 stores, 2550 sheep,' and 1600

swme. Several small lots of stores and 250 swine have been

before reported. ""'c ocuj

Prices. B^tA C«tt/e-A small advance was effected on
former prices ; our quotations will vary a trifle only. Prime
at4G7a5; good at 433 a 4 50; cows at 3 75 a 4 30'.

Barrelling Cattle— We noticed one lot taken for 22s about
one-third only would make mess; one lot at 24s, the hind

33;"lIs^''t^^,'i^2url^,'';.'^,^:t7s'• "'«<^~sat

S7tt:'yea°r"l^"i';rFl1."""' "'"""'■ ^-^''"=- ^^ a

Sheep— Lois were taken at 1 50, 1 67, 1 84, 2 and 3 12

( ve'i'y finel m 54'^ " '^' ^"' ^ '""-^-^^ged soma weeks ,i„e

Swine— Dal], the market appears lo be about supplied—
Lcjls sc^lected at 4c for sows and 5 for barrows , one loi »„.
selected at 3 3-4 and 4 ?-4c ; a lot lo close, more than 2 3d

s7o /fi^'^T' *' ^ ^-^ ' "' '"=■" * '-^ ^ S' f«f '""S, a^
o l-i a be for barrows. '

E\V

1< A KM Ell.

1834.

From Bruinerd's Poems.
THE TREE TOAD.

Tune-"/ am a jolly Pirate, saili,^ down "^^^l//;/ --';!

I AH a iolly tree toad, upon a cljesnul tree ;
I chirp, because I know thai the night was made for me ;
The ,lng bat flies above me, the glow-worm shures b.low,
And U,e owlet sHs to hear me, and half forgets h,s .voe.
I'm lighted by the fire-fly, i" circles wheeling round j
The kaly-did is silent, and listens to tlie sound;
The iack-o'-lantern leads the wayworn traveller astray,
To hear the tree toad's melody until the break ot day.
The harvest moon hangs over me,a„d smiles upon the streams ;
The lights dance upward f,om the north, and cheer me w.lh
their beams; ,,,,,.

The dew of heaven, it comes to me as sweet as beauty s tear ,
The stars themselves shoot down to see what muste we have^

here.
The winds around me whisper to ev'ry flower that Wows,
To droop their heads, call in their sweets, and every leaf to

close;
The whipperwill sings to hi» mate the mellow melodj .
.. Oh ! hark, and hear the notes that flow from yonder chesnut

tree."
Ye katy-dids and whipperwills, come listen to me now ;
I am a jolly tree toad upon a chesnut bough ;
1 chirp because 1 know that the night was made for me-
And I close my proposition with a Q,. E. D.

THE ROTIISCHII.DS.

These Jew batikers nmy be classed among the
most retnarkal.le men of the .lay. They are cer-
tainlv the richest, and coinr„a.„l great influence
over' several of the Cotirts of Europe. lu some
instances it is believed that they have controlled
political events by advancing or relusing loans ;
and the balance of power .nay in some sort be sa.u
to rest with the Rothschilds ! It was remarked to
Solotnon not long since in Vienna, that by means
of his in.mense riches and influence, he might be-
come King of ihc Jews: he answered that he had
no ambition for that Imnor, he would much prefer
to he Jew of the Kings !—Mer. Jour.

The following account of these singular men is
Tiven in the London Metropolitan ;
" " The financial business of the house of Roths-
child began to assume importance in consequence
ofits first loan often millions of fltuins, to the
Court or Dentnark in 1812. Mayer Anselmo
Rothschild, the father, was attacked by a mor.a
Hhiess. Aware of his approaching end, he had
his ten chrihien called to his be.lside, gave them
his dying benediction, and made them promise
never to change their religion, and always to re-
main united amongst them.selves on Change.
These promises have been religiously kept, an.l
ami.ly has the fable of the himtlle of slicks been
rerified by the five brother.. Whenever they are
about to undertake an alTair of importance, all the
uniteil brethren invoke the memory of their lalhei
which is venerated by them in a manner highly
honorable to their filial feelings. Their great po-
litical operations coimnenrcd in 1813, and up to
the present time it is computed that their house
has negociated in loans, subsidies, &c. upwards ol
one hundred and forty tlt.msand millions sterling,
principally for the diflerent monarchs of Europe ;
their profits have of course been immense. Then-
long and uninterrupted success was owing to their
tinanimity and community of interests.

Every proposition is decided by mutual del.ber
ation Each operation of nitijor or minor impor-
wnce, is conducted upon a concerted and common

plan; and all their individual and combined ener-
gies are en,(doyed to command success. AUhoufeh
for several years they have resitted at a distance
from each other, that circumstance has by no
means caused a distance, or discord among ihem ;
on the contrary it ha« proved a great atlvanlage m
contributing towards the prosperity of their im-
,„ense undertakings, by making them o« coum,,(
of the state of the luincipal money markets m Eu-
rope, through a contimial exchange ol courieis
which generally precede the government messen-
gers ; in this manner each of the five brothers f.om
The point where he is place.l, possesses a great la-
cility for preparing and negociatittg dtfterent at-
fairs for the central establishment.

The statistique of the Wondrous Five is as iol-

^°^Anselmo resides at Frankfort-stir-le-Maine. He
is the senior and chief of the tami ly, age.l siMy
one years. At his house the general ;"-.'•"']' =
mad; out, from the private inventories "H';;'^^ ^
,|,e oihei' four banks. It is there also hat the
Congresses of the fraternity arc generally held

Solomon, the second brother, born bept. 9, 17.4
has passed his professional time, <'- "«; /'f "^;^ ■
years, between Berlin and Vienna, chiefly at the

''"Ivathan, the third brother, is in his 57th year.
He is the London Rothschild. ■ <• .„

Charles, the fourth of the Ave bankers, is forty-
six years old. He has been established at Naples

since 1824. -, , i

Jacob, the youngest in years, was born May 5 h
1799 His consort the baroness, is the daughte
of his second brother, the Baron Solomon. Jacob
lias carried on his business since 1812 at Kaus.

The liol^T^d^^nce is diflhsing her beams upon
ns that we may see more clearly the wotideitul
works of our Creator, and the wisdom with which
he has ma.le them all-and still tarther, that he bes-
tows on man the intellectual power whereby he
„,av make these discoveries. Protessor feilliman
was very much caressed an.l had many presents
while here. One gave him cloth for a suit ot
clothes— another a twenty dollar hearth-rug —a
third an in.lia-rubhercushion, filled will, an— thus,
„ot only treating him with son.e ol the grandest
speci.ne.is of the wo.ks of nature, but with some ot
the finest wo.Us of .-ut.

HOLI^IS' CE1.BBRATED HORSE l.IxUME^T,

For 8,>ra.ns Bruises, Wu.d-Galls, Old strains, 6..rt joln.s,

S«eleTo Cracked lleMs, and lor H,M«es. hat are sl.a.n-

ed in the back .inews, wrung ,n the "-.th-rs ic;

The ing:::;h::::;^M::h':o^;::^''^nsl^;;l^qhave been
^?S':rs:^r"ne^,r:mt^r:o-i;;l;:^tr .

ar, 1 Ud U w I'be prelerred to any other, as .. .s dec.d-
edl the l"st and certaud} the most couven.ent arncle ... use.

^r;:p"::.":dt;M^b?ifi^oiii^^io^iis,D,nggistand

dhen.ts., No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

lO-The Public are reciuested to observe that each label .8

''^I'rTc'e of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 15 cents. o2-J

BOOKS ON AGRICULTURE.

FOR S'VLE at the New England Farmer OCSee, Nos. 61
and .« North Market Sireel.— Boston.

From the Farmer and Gardener.

GE01.0GICAL. TREAT.

Exlrart of a letter from a female correspondent of
Z Portsmouth Journal, at Lowell, Massaehu-

I HAVE just returned from an excursion^hich
,,n been an intellecttnd feast. At the jdace where

e rocks have been d.ig out for the rail roa, there
is one eminence, for ihe dislance of a 1^"-^^^ ^ '^
where the ledge is fifty feet .leep-aud l.om thes
,.„cks are take^n some of the finest ^P-'uteu »
,|,e contemplation of the Geologist. I'rofe.. o. Sil-
liman has been lecturing here on this science, «nd
,;;;i led the minds of those who are mterested very

„„irli into this channel. fi,.„^ ;„ ,hp

His theory is, that there are volcanic fiies in he
eel e of ihlealth which are continually throwing
;^.,.,Us_,hat their i,a,,.,-alpo.si,ion IS hortzonta
,,V the .-lain, but are thrown perp...d.c,,ar as they
fe . mid by this le.lge-the veh.s of difleren. sor s
f stone nmniiig in that way 'l;'-'f . ^ -^f '
.ivesome evidence of the truth ol ""^.'-"'>'
und present a scene to the lover f, "'«;•="="=, ;^'
G..oloLry rich to behold,-whicl. of ilselt the Icaiu-
S Se,! pronounced as worth all Uie trou e o
a journey from Conuoctictit. Pfofesso S. took o, .
nrties of gentlemen ami ladies with him to h,
lie, with their hags and hainmers, to collect
• ,,eciniens, and there enforce his a.g»"'e ts--
'riiis rendered his lectures far more '"terestu^ th

,hey co..ld have been in «ny "'''" l''""' /'^^ f
.hespecin.ens I have collected are Quartz, tell-
spar. Mica, or isinglass, with garnets -te.spe'sed.
nolissor S. by his theory very sattsactoily ac-
counts for the formation of the beds ol coal which
are dug out of the earth.

■VniericTU Farmer, S vols
Pluladeliihia Agnculiural So-
ciety, t vols

Massachusetts do. do. It) v.

New York Board ol Agiicul-
,upe —third volu.ne,

Youim's Letters of Agncola,

Hints to American Husba.id-
men. Phila. V^il-

Prince on Horticulture,

(ircen on Flowers,

MiiNon's Farrier,

FiiiuK-r's Guide,

Cobhei.'s Works,
do. Gardener,

Mowbray on Poultry, &c.

^,■^v American Gardener,

Sinclair's Code of Agr.cullure,

Fanner's Assistant,

U ivy's ATiculturalChetnistry

riiacher's°AmericaQ Orchard-

ist. „

D.ane's N. E. Farmer,
Forsyth o.. Fruit Tree'

Lorrain's Husbandry,
Coxe on Fruit Trees,

English jmhlicalions.
Tracey^s Derbyshire. 3 vols
Somerville's East Lothian,
Douglass' Roxbury and feef

kirk, 1 vol.
Uaicheler's Bedfordshire,
Vancouver's Devonshire,
Experimental Farmer, 1 vhl.
Duncomli's HereUirdshire,
B<-nlsoii's New System ol Cul

tivalion, 2 vols.
Richiudsoii on Fiorn Grass,
Kigby's Holl-ham and *ra.

m.iigha.n, 1 vols.
Wheerer's Botanist Dictionar
An.lerson on Draining,
Curtis on Grapes,
Scumrville on Sheep,
Loudon's Encyclopedia of Ai,

riruiture,
Bordley's Husbandry,

Is published every ^\« ";=■";'> l^'.^',; ^'l,a pay wi.

d;tysfr:!;:u;ea^orsib:;,i;;:u,eentiti..dt^aded.

''"ll'^Vo paper' -ill be sent to a distance without pay.».
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*„ York-G. C. THOKB.H« .il Libeny-street.
^„„„,,_'VVm . 7""«'!^f ^' ' f;,'' H 85 Chesnut-streel.
i'/a7,,d,V""-l',f^^<;:„^*^f ^^M ,,,e, of American Farr

'/''■y»"'-«""7J,f,^°ST" A Bookseller.
,V,,-./-».1/P»|<-EBt^y-^« FosTKK, Book.seller.

Woodstock. 1(.— J. A. iRAii. ,

~T7- 7^ r' uTiTkTtt bv Foiui & Damf:

NEW ENGL.A]yD FARMER.

PUBLISHED BV GEO. C. BARRETT, ISO. 5., NORTH '^IrkJTstREET. ].r rn. A;n.7.,...K... VV.K.rH,7.s..)-T. G. FESSEnFenTedT,^)^ ' '

NO. 88.

OL. XIH

jBOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 10, 1834

Tlie following article was presented to tlie Mer-
'mac Agricultural Society, at their late meeting in
Earner, by Mr. James Hale, of Alstead, and re-
vived the Society's premium. — JV. H. Statesman.

DISSERTATIOJf ON MAKIIVG AMD APPLY-
ING MANURE.

It hasheen ohserved hy a writer on agricidtin-p,
at manure stands in the same relation to the far-
er that a stock of goods, calculated to meet the
arket, does to a merchant. Whether the cotn-
irison is correct or not in every point of view,
cannot be denied that manure is an article of the
eatest importance to the fanner. It is the in-
rition of the writer to present to the puhlic, in a
!iin and concise manner, for the aid of the prar-
al farmer, as well as to excite an investigation,
few ideas on the subject of making and applying
luure.

MAKING MANURE.

This subject comprehends not only the best
inner of saving and preserving the manure,
lich is naturally made by a stock of cattle on a
111, but likewise the best method of increasing
It quantity by the aid of other materials. The
iniM-e made in stables during the winter season
)uld be cleanly thrown from the same every
Y, and the stable floor well littered with straw
refuse hay. The litter, besides increasing the
ititity of manure, conrluces to the ease and
ilth of the cattle, and increases both the ipian-
and quality of the milk of cows. The tatil

placed in the hills of Indian corn or potatots ihi
ensuing spring. Jt is believed that this is the
most profitible method of making and applyinp
such manure. If used the spring after it is made
it is not sufficiently rotten or decomposed to be-

to add to Uu- heap some warm manure to promote
Its ii;rmeiitation ; sheep dung would be the best.
Straw, rcliise fodder, brakes, or any such vegeta-
bles, would be better disposed of in the barn-yard
than in tliis heap. The making of such a heap

come the proper food ot plants It may be worth causes an appearance of neatness to exist abouZ
observing that the practice ot covering the barn- j house and other buildings; and besi les be" g a
yard wth brakes is very beneficial to the cow. | rich matinns the retnoving ;f so muc nil hi" f lo
kept in the yard during the fall season, and is its proper place is conducfve to the h all o he
equally as necessary as the stable-litter in the win- I oce.,,,ant.s or inmates of the house
ter. These weeds are very injurious to our pas- ' This is a good manure to spread' on tillage land
lures, and every cutting tends to destroy them. j.ju.t before sowing it with wheat or any kind of
The Hog Yard. With .-i little labor much valu- ; '^'"1''" !""' ''■''J' ^'^«'- -I' sliould be covered in the

the winter should usually be confined in the
lu-jurd uiid the cows s.i .east should bo Jmded
•ing the night in the sunmier season. It is said
practical farmers that three loads of manure,
)t under a cover through the spring and sum-
r, are worth four exposed to the air during that
le.

riie manure made by fatting hogs should be
luenlly cleaned from the hog-bouse and placed
the yard adjoining (no farmer should be with-

a hog-yard) and the sty should be frequently
lenished with plenty of straw or other litter.
Jut the thriving, economical and scientific far-
r will not depend solely on the preceding me-
ils for his stotk of manure ; but, for the purpose
increasing the quantity of the same, will fre-
ntly make calculations resembling some or all
those which follow; and not only make, but
Jally put them in practice ; for, give me leave
ibserve, that calculations alone will make very
e manure.

Vhe Farm Yard.* As soon as the haying and
vesting season is over, the farmer should cum-
ice collecting a large quantity of brakes, swamp
JS, or coarse refuse grass of any description,
, alter having removed the manure from his
ii-yard, spreail the brakes, grass, &c. over the
lie surface of the yard. There is no danger of
;ing this covering of too great a deptli". It
uld be suffered to remain in this situation till

next fall, when, together with the dung and

le of cattle with which it is mixed, it makes an

ellent manure, and should be carted out and

in large heaps, for the purpose of being

This enclosure is usually denommaleil by llie rariners a
Zt> J,"', ""^ appears lo be the inosl proper designaiion;
uosi wnl«rs 0.1 agriculture call it a farm-yard. -

able manure may he made in this enclosure. It
is strong, rich and oily, and the fermeniation of it
proceeds slowly, consequently it affords m'ore
steady and durable nourishment to the plant.-i to
which it is applied than most other manures, nud
answers a good purpose when mixed with a large
quantity of earthy or vegetable substances.

For the purpose of increasing the quanlilv of
this manure, the farmer should deposit in his hog-
yard^ at every convenient opportunity, chip dung,
rich" earth, weeds, leached ashes, leaves, mo.-s,
turt, and such other substances as his iiigpiuiity
may suggest; for no person should allow himselV
to be an entire book farmer, or servile imitator.
That the mixture of the several ingredients may
the more readily and efficiently be perforriied b_\
tlie swine, a little corn or other grain should b"i-
sprinkled over the yard.

Tlii^ is a good manure to enrich '.he exhaiisttil
soil of a garden, or to spread on land lo be plantuil
with Indian corn ; but perhaps the best manner ot
applying it is to cart it out every spring, and place
it in the hills of Indian corn or potatoes. If the
crop be iipt a good one where this manure is used,
we must look for the failure from some other
cause than the want of an excellent manure.

Tht Compost Heap. Manures combined of dif-
ferent materials, and of such substaiices as are cal-
culated to act upon each other by fermentation or
otherwise, are eminently useful in increasing the
fertility of soils, and promoting the growth of veg-
etables.

Select some convenient spot not far distant trom
the back pTirtof your house, or near the barn-yard,
and cart or place thereon, not in layers, but judi-
ciously mixed or shovelled together, such sub-
stances as the following, viz. rich earth, such us
may be obtained from ditches or the sides of t .e
road ; mud or the dirt from hollows, which Las
received the wash from rich lands ; marie, ushes,
oily substances, soot, putrified liesh, dead a.iinials
may be buried in the compost heap, if placed at
such a depth as to prevent any noxious effluvia ;
woollen rags cut in small pieces, scra| nigs of the
cellar and kitchen yard, of lanes an.i back yards
after rains, rubbish of old chimneys, eaitli thai
has been long under cover, salt, old brine, blood
and soap suds. These should be frequently mixed
together, and at each stirring much common earili,
or that which lies adjoining the heap, may be ado-
ed. If this manure be designed for a cold, Mifi',
clayey soil, sand or dry sandy loam should be a
principal ingredient; but if for open, lislit, sandy
ground, clay should be added. It w. uld be well

■oil with ihe harrow. It will cause the grain lo
grow luxuriantly, and the land seldom fails of be-
ing well 'iocked with grass. It may be profitably
applied to gardens, and as a top dressing lo wet,
I'old mowing lands.

Peat Moss, or Swamp Mud. This is a suhstanco
which yields little or no nourishment to plants un-
less it be mixed with barn yard or stable dung, or
some kind of hot irianure to bring it into a state of
Icrmeo'ation ; in this case the mixture may 1)3
used in the same manner and nearly to the same
I'liecl " weight for weight as barn-yard dung."

Tlie cheapest and best manner of making this
kind of compost manure is, when the barn-ynrrt
dung is carried into the field, early in the fall, a
ceniiiu quantity, say one-half, or even two-thirds
ofit.e heap may be composed of swamp mud, which
^h"uhi be well mixed with the other manure.
'r'f: . hole mass at this time will undergo a arong

'enneniiiiion, and ;>6.,.o;!;c u ^-.vd h-mi-i"'- P-nrf»

|.racti;e carting swamp mud into the bani-yard j
but in this case the two kinds of manure will not
so well assimilate by fermentation, as when they
are both moved at the same time and mixed to-
gether. The mud should be removed from the
swamp, and left to dry some weeks before it is
carrie.l lo the compost heap. I tried some of this
compost in the hill for corn and potatoes, on a dry
warm soil ; it consisted of nearly two-thirds mud ;
it did well with the potatoes, but with the corn
barn-yard dung had the advantage, thougli in this
case the mixture was probably beneficial.

APPLICATIOiV OF MANURE.

In addition to what has been before remarked
on this subject, some further observations will Ixj
made, founded on information derived from my
own experience, the best authors, and the most in-
telligent agriculturists.

Stable dung or animal manure ought to be
spread on tillage land designed for corn or pola-
lues the spring after it is made, and well mixed
with the soil, by the harrow first and then (ho
plough. This mixing of the dung and soil should
be performed immediately after the manure is
carried tiom the heap to the field. If the small
heaps are suffered to remain in the field during a
ferinentaiion, there is great loss of heat, of volatile
fluid, oily, and gaseous matter, by their dissipation
in the atmosphere, which would, if the dung bo
speedily and properly buried in the ground, bo
communicated to the soil, thus securing to the
plants the most nourishing properties, and the
whole strength of the manure.

As it respects tlielr speedy application, the BUDe

1170

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECESIBGR 10, 1834.

remailfo apply to all kinds of manure, as well as
to th:it of stable dung.

Some are of the opinion that stable and farni-
jard manure ought always to be applied in a re-
«ent state, that is, previous to their rotting or de-
composition. In this case the manure tinist he
spread on the land as above directed, as new dung
■will nut answer a good purpose to place iji the hill
for Indian corn ; and it is not so good on most
«oils for potato hills, as that which is somewhat
decomposed and rotten. Barn-yard dung may
profitably be applied, as before observed, in the hill
of corn and potatoes; and if so applied it should
not be applied iu a recent state.

With regard to the quantity of manure to be ap-
plied to an acre of tillage, many circumstances
must be taken into consideration, such as the
Btrength of the soil, the kind of grain or produce
to he raised, (Indian corn requiring the largest
quantity) and the kind or quality of the manure to
be applied. The farmer, in making his calcula-
tions on this point, should not apportion his ma

hurtful to vegetation. , A strong, clear, stony soil
receives but. little benefit by the application of
lime. When applied it should be spread and
ploughed into the soil. Its greatest eflect is on
wheat. But the large quantity of this article ne-
cessary to make a .perceptible improvement in the
texture or fruitfulness of the soil, renders it too
expensive a manure for the greatest number of our
farmers. On this subject the author of the Com-
plete Grazier observes: " Tlie general allowance,
in the estimation of experienced farmers, shoulil
be al least three or four hundred busliels an acre."
Burnt Clay is used as a manure by some farm-
ers with great success. The nature of clay is en-
tirely changed by the process of burning ; its te-
nacity and cohesiveness is destroyed, and is ren-
dered dry, warm and friable, and its cohesive
property cannot be restored by the application of
water ; hence it makes a good manure for all cold,
wet, compact, and jiarlicnlarly clayey soils, to
which in its natural state its application would have
been detritnental. Ten or fifteen' cart loads is suf-

moisiure, it will, nevertheless, permit a more easy
percolation of fluid than any such compact materi-
al as a piece of broken pot. But this is not the
only adv.-mtage gained by its use. For rapidly and
luxuriantly growing plants, it is surely of some
consequence to be able to transfer then) from one
pot to another without injuring the roots, as is un-
avoidably the case when pieces of broken pots are
used. Moss, however, not only afibrds drainage,
but by its slow decomposition, a lasting, and per-
haps rich source of food to the plants growing in
it ; consequently, when the proper time arrives
for the |)lants to be re-potted or transplanted to the
flower-border, it will be unnecessary to remove
the moss, which will not only save time, which is
often wasted in picking out the broken pieced of
pot, but will prevent any danger of injuring tlie
roots. Thomas Parkins.

Bure to tlie quantity of ground he may wish to(fieientfor an acre. It should be spread, and mix-
place under tillage; but should apportion his ed with the soil by the plough or harrow. It
ground to the quantity of manure he can command, makes a good top dressing for such cold, wet grass

"Scanty dressings," as the term is, should ever be
^ejected. " We till too much land," is an expres

Sion m very common use ;

but instead of being a

vague speculation of the brain, it should be reduc-
ed to the actual practice of the hand.

In the speculation of manure, the quality of the
soil aiul of the manure should be considered. A
cold, stiff, clayey, or wet soil requires a hot fer-
menting manure, and one not much decomposed,
and that too in considerable quantity ; that the
«old nature of the soil may be corrected by the
-iirarnjth of the dung ; on the contrary a dry, war^pi,
•Mndy soil requires dung more decomposed and
putrified, and a less quantity answers a good pur-
pose. On such soils a compost of dung and peat
moss, as before described, is a very suitable ma-
nure.

Om the use and application of Fossil JManiires,
gypsum, lime, marie, clay, &c. much has been
said by many writers on agriculture ; but it is be-
lieved but little use has been made of their specu-
lations, in this part of the country, exceiit as it
relates to the use of gypsum. Gypsum does not
operate as an excessive stimulus to the soil, but as
0 direet food for the plants. It should be ground
fine before application, " the finer the better ;" it
J8 then called plaster of Paris. It is most benefi-
■cinl to clover, and for this crop should be sowed
in April, broad cast, after the rate of four bushels
to llio acre. When applied to corn and potatoes,
it Bhould be put into the hill at the time of plant-
ing.. Warm, dry, sandy soils, receive the most
benefit by the use of plaster. Should the farmer
wish to try an experiment with this manure, a lit-
tle of it sown on such land newly stocki'd with
clover, will test its usefulness. If sowed in a wet
time, or just before a rain, the result is more per-
ceptible, as it reipiircs 500 times its weight of cold
water to dissolve or decompose it.

lAmc, as Sir II. Davy remarks, when slacked
and exposed for some time to the air, becomes
combined with carbonic acid, and is then a useful
ingredient in soil. Lime should never be mixed
with stable or barn-yard dung, as it destroys much
of their nutritive qualities. Rich loams abounding
with vegetable matter, cold, boggy, swampy soils
are greatly improved by lime, as it accelerates pu-
trefaction, and removes every thing noxious or

ands as cannot be jnofitably brought into tillage
by the plough.

Should the farmer, like the professioiial man,
the merchant and the ingenious mechanic, bring
the reflecting powers of his mind to bear on his
liusiness and calling in life, ami reduce to practice
the theoretic investigation, which would be the
necessary result — a general system of neatness and
order would exist about our tlwellings, and our
fields wear the appearance of luxuriousness and
plenty.

From Loudon's Gardener's Magazine.

ON I.IVE: moss.

In p. 134, are recorded some experiments on
draining pots with coal cinders, accompanied by
some jileasing and useful remarks. The most
common method of draining jiots is, it is well
known, by using broken pieces of pot, or pot-
sherds ; which practice, there can be no doubt,
became general, from the circumstance of such
materials beiug always at hand. It is generally
diflicult to root out long-established practices, and
substitute new ones : 1, however, have been trying
if "living matter" would not answer for draining
pots ; and the success which has attended my ex-
[lerijueiits, enables me to recommend the practice
strongly. In the autumn of 1833, I received some
carnr.tiun layers, which had been taken up the day
before, and I potted them in the usual way. About
a monih after this, 1 received another set of layers,
wliiih had been brought nearly 200 miles across
the country, and which, consequently, hud been
out of the ground some time. The puts in which
these last were potted, were drained with live
moss, (Sphagnum L.) On turning the plants out
of the pots into the border, this spring, 1 found the
latter much superior to the former, being more
healthy and stronger plants ; which 1 attribute en-
tirely to moss being used as drainage, instead of
pieces of broken pots. About the same time, 1
potted some fine suckers, using moss for drainage ;
and at their removal, in March, I fomul the pots
full.of fine fresh roots. Tliese results have induc-
eii me to adopt the plan almost universally this
spring ; and all "the plants so potted, present a
most healthy and luxuriant appearance. Although
moss may be considered powerfully absorbent ol

SEIiP-SHARPEKIKG PL.OIIGHSHARE ;

— Richard B. Chenoweth, city of Baltimore, state
of Maryland, March 17. — The itnprovement is said
to consist in the form of the share, and the manner
of fastening it to the mould-board ; it is stated, that
the same mode of fastening was claimed by the
pateiuee in a former patent, but without a share
which admitted of a reversed application ; in the
present instance, the share embraces both the share
ami point in one, and is so made, as to be capable
of being reversed or turned bver ; when the wear
produces the proper sharpening for reversing again.
The share being properly fitted to the mould-board,
one bolt in the middle secures it in its place. • The
patentee claims "the form of the share, as em-
bracing both share and points, and susceptible of
a reverse application, and self-sharpening by the
reversion of such application ; with the manner of
fastening the share on the mould-board."

As this mode of fastening has been previously
claimed, it is not a legal subject of claim in the
present patent, and would certainly vitiate it
The self-sharpening by reversion has been claimed
by more than one patentee, and cannot now be
sustained abstractedly, although it might possibly
stand as applied to a new and improved form of
s(iare. — Jour. Franklin Inst.

I.OCUSTS.

A friend brought to us on Saturday, a branch
from an apple tree, which he took from the or-
chard of Mr. W. Stokes, at Germantown, where
the locusts, early last summer, swarmed in great
abundance. The branch is completely perforated
from one end to the other, on both sides, where
the locusts deposited their eggs — and we learn thai
the young trees throughout the orchard were near
ly all killed by the process. About six weeki
since, the eggs hatched, and the young, in the forn
of a small woiin, fell to the ground. We believi
few persons are aware of the amount of injur;
which these locusts are cajiable of doing, an(
which they have done since last spring. — U.
Gazette.

Cabbage Tree of Lapland. Can any of you
readers inform me where I could procure seeds c
this plant, which is said to be more hardy thaii th
nita biiga, and to grow to the height of four o
five feet ? My intention is to use it as winter foo
for sheep, on land to which 1 cannot aftbrd a sufli
cient (piantity of manure to grow turnips. JoH
Brown, Cots wold, Gloucestershire, Dec. 1833.-
Gard. Mag.

VOL. XIII. NO. aa

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

171

LETTER FRO.tl CiEN. U. A. S. DEARBORN.

To Ztbedee Cook, Jr. Esq.

Mr Dear Sir, — As I shall soon remove to the
far West, it becomes necessary, that I shouki re-
sign the office of President of the Massachusetts
Horlicultural Society, which I now do, and will
thank you to announce it, at the next meeting of
the memliers, with assurances of my grateful sense
of the oliligations I am under, for the distinguish.
ed honor they have so repeatedly conferred upon
me.

Wherever I may dwell, or whatever may be my
condition in life, I shall cherish, as one of the
dearest reminiscences, my very interesting, in-
structive, and happy connection with an institu-
tion, which is destined to become one of the most
useful and important in our country. Already
have many of the advantages which it was antici-
pated would be derived from it, been so far devel-
oped, as to leave no doubt of complete success. A
foundation has been lai<l so broad, deep, and suc-
cessfully, as to insure the realization of all our
hopes, in every department of Horticulture.

As an Experimental Garden is of indispensable
consequence to your prosperity, nothing should be
neglected, which is calculated to render that of
Mount Auburn equal to any on the Globe ; and to
make it speedily beneficial to the society and the
country, and at the same time appropriately orna-
nienlal, as connected with the Cemetery Compart-
ment of the establishment, allow me to recommend,
as a primary measure, that Seminaries be formed
this autumn and the next spring, of all the varie-
ties of fruit, forest and ornamental trees and shrubs,
which will flourish in otir climate. Tbh ^eing
accomplished. Nurseries can be established, for
propagating every kind of foreign and native fruits,
with such care and sureness of identity, as to pre-
clude the possibility of those vexatious errors, in
name and character, to which we have hitherto
been subjected, as to the several varieties of each
species.

With my best wishes for the triumphant ad-
vancement of the Society, and the happiness of all
its members, I offer, my dear sir, assurances of
my sincere esteem and friendship.

H. A. S. Dearborn.

UNDISPUTED MAXIMS.

The power and well-being of a country (says
the Edinburgh Review) are much more certainly
promoted by the adopting of improved processes
and methods of cultivating the soil, than they
would be by making proportional additions to its
extent; and though we do not go so far as to con-
tend that a single uncultivated acre is a real physi-
cal evil in any slate, yet there can be no question
that the better a country is cultivated the greater
its means of supporting a large amount of popula-
tion ; anil the greater the excess of produce raised
by the agriculturists above what is necessary for
their own supply, the greater of course, are the
means of purchasing the various articles of neces-
sity, convenience, and enjoyment, furnished by
others. Hence, also, it appears, that every im-
provement in agriculture, every means by which
the earth may be made to furnish a larger (piantity
of produce for the same, or for a less proportional
outlay, not only redounds to the advantage of its
owners and occupiers, but to that of every other
class. It reacts powerfully on all departments of
industry, stimulating univers.illy the inventive pow
ers, and rewarding their successful application.

THE GREAT ECLIPSE OF NOV. 30,

— Took place agreeably lo prediction. In this
town (Salem), the precise inslant of the contact of
the limbs of the Sun and Moon was not noticed,
as the heavens were obscured by a tliick boily ol
clouds. The first sight of the two bodies was ob-
tained at Ih. 29m. 28 sec, being 6m. 59 sec. after
the computed time of the commencement of the
eclipse, when the dark body of the moon was dis-
tinctly seen through a thin spot of the clouds, in
contact with the sun. During nearly the whole
period of the obscuration the sky was cloudy, and
occasional glimpses, only, of the phenomenon were
obtained. The thermometer began to sink soon
after the eclipse commenced. The subjuiiieil table
will exhibit the change of two thermometers; one
being placed in the shade, and the oth-r turned
towards the sun- The latter received ihe full ef-
fect of the sun only for about 10m. toward the
close of the ecli|)se, when it rose from 48 deg. to
56 deg.
At 1. 30 in shade 45°. Towards the sun 49°
» 1. 45 " 44 " 48.5

" 2. 15 " 43 " 47.3

" 2. 30 '• 42. 5 " 46.2

" 2. 45 " 42.5 " 45

" 3. " 4,2 " 43

" 3. 15 '^ 44 » 56

" 3. 30 " 42. 3 " 49

" 3. 54 " 40 " 42

At the time of the greatest obscuration, there
was not sufficient heat in the solar rays to produce
combustion when directed by a lens of 6 inch focal
distance upon the fur of a black hat, though a lu-
cifer match ignited after a few minutes, when
placed in the focus. At the same time, also, the
mercury of the thermometer rose two degrees in
sixty seconds, on placing its bulb in the same focus.
The sky was perfectly clear at the close of the
eclipse, and there was nothing to iuterru|it a care-
ful observation of the end. It took place at 3h.
54m. 19s. Salem mean time. It is a little remark-
able that this is the precise time, as laid down in
the American Almanac, by Mr. Paine, for the close
of the eclipse at Boston. Salem, it will be recol-
lected, is about 10m. 19s. further east than Bos-
ton.— Salem Gazette.

A GREAT YIELD.

Mr. Aaron Curtis, of Ithaca, raised the past
season, on a quarter of an acre of land, in the vil-
lage, the following articles :

100 bushels of Onions, worth 75 cents
per bushel, .... .$75,00

50 bushels of Beets, worth 75 cents per
bushel, 25,00

700 heads of fine Cabbages, worth $4
per hundred, .... 28,00

Lettuce, worth - - - 10,00

Top Onion Seed, worth - - 5,00

,fl43,00
Onions deficient by bad sowing, 20 bush. 15,00
Beets do. by bad seed, 10 bushels, 5,00

$20,00

Nett proceeds, - - - - $123,00
The whole time employed to raise the above
crop was 24 days. — Genesee Farmer.

It is said that salt ami water sprinkled over corn
will prevent injury from the weevil. — JV. Y. Far.

COKCII DIVERS OP THE BAHAMAS.

In December 1821, one of his Majesty's .''hip8,
in going into the harbor of New Providence, struck
on a bank, and rubbed I'fF a sheet or two of her
copper. The following morning, one of the divers
being sent for, and supplied with hammer, nails,
and sheet of copper, sunk himself to the keel, and
after two or three breathings at the surface of the
water, made good the defects 1 He was afterward
required by the conunanding officer to bend a
hawser into the chain cable near the anchor, as it
lay at the bottom in nearly four fathoms water.
This he accomplished with nmch ease, and a sea-
man-like bend it proved on the anchor being hove
up. These divers, who are black men, and gen-
erally natives of the outer island, are neaily six
feet in height, with broail shoulders, and so .iccus-
tomed to diving for conchs from their infaiu y, in
from two to ten fathoms water, that they have
habituated themselves to continue under waier for
as long a time, perhaps, as the pearl divers of In-
dia. They often take with them a hammer, aiitl
on finding a conch will break its shell, take out
the fish and prepare it for dressing before they rise;
they will also take a bottle of any drinkable liquid,
with the cork wired, and sink to the botiom in
three or four fathoms, and, with the corkscrew,
draw the cork, drink its contents, and ri.st^ willi
the empty bottle ! Porter is always the beverage
they solicit on these occasions. — J^autical .Mag,

From the Neir Yor/c Partner.
GRUB OR CUT AVOKM DESTROVED BT SAEiT,
These are very troublesome on Long Island,
ami ^<os;roy aniinallj inuidi of. the corn plapu'd an
the Island, and also on old lands. I helievi com-
mon salt is an antidote ; and, if profierly a| plied,
will destroy them effectually. Some year.-* ^^go, I
visited a friend at Naples, Ontario county ; hi men-
tioned that the cut worm or brown grub aluuiided
in his garden, insomuch that he could rai-e no
peas, cabbages, &c. In the evening I vveiu with
liim to a row of peas, 14 feet long, and galliifed a
half pint cup heaping full of grubs ; six or eii;ht of
these were laid on a sheet of white paper, and «
particle of moist Onondaga salt applied to each.
The worms curled, liur.^t, and died in two iinMUteS.
It was agreed that ho slioulil dig his garden m the
fall, and sow on it at the rate of 4 bushels cf On-
ondaga salt to the acre ; dig it again in the > 'ring,
and sow 2 bushels per .icre of salt. He id so,
anil 1 heard no more complaint of the grub .rent
worm. I am persuaded that if lands infest' with
them be ploughed in the fall, and fine salt s vvn, i
bushels to the acre, and repe.ited 2 bushel- n the
spring, it will efi'eciually eradicate them. It is
worth a trial, at least. R. M. W.

By the Use of Hot Hater at IVallington, tl • seat

of Sir John Trevelyan, in Northumberhi' I, 9%

loads of coals, out of 220, were saved tl first

year. The value of these coals, including ci. iage,

is about Gs. a ton. Instead of nine fires i fotir

houses, there are now only two fires. Tl level

system of circulating the water is adopted, ■ il the

work was executed by Mr. Cookson, iron-|. nder^
of Newcastle. — Gardener^s Magazine.

Jl Garden School, iu which boys will he lught

gardening, agricniiure, and rural economy .-ner-

ally ; and girls, sewing, cookery, and d. .estic

ecoimmy in all its dei^iils, is about to be esl.i ished
at Fordhook by Lady Noel Byron. — lb.

172

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 10, 1834.

From the New York Farmer.

wmErmuG pigs on raiv akd steamed

POOD.

We take the following report of experiments ofj
feediiif^ pigs on raw and steamed food, by Mr.
Robert Walker, Ferrygato, Haddington, from tlie
Prize Essavs and Transactions of the Higbland
Society of Scotland.

We put up to feed, on the 4th of March, 1833,
five pigs on steamed potatoes, and five on raw i)0-
tatoes, Willi an allowance of 2J lbs. of broken bar-
ley each lot: the barley, for the steamed lot, being
steamed along with tlie jjotatoes. They were al-
lowed the same quantity of potatoes, but, from the
circumstances of their being, when put up, only
2^ months old, and from the same brood, we were
not able to keep so accurate an account of the
quantity of potatoes consumed, because, as they
increased in size, they ate more potatoes.

The following Table will exhibit the improve-
ment in pounds weight.

18.33. Weight in lbs.

March 4. Live weigluof five pigs on raw

food, - - - 108

Ditto of 5 ditto, steamed food, lOtJ

19.

Difference in fivor of raw food,
Live weight of five pigs, on

steamed food, - 114

Ditto of .5 ditto, on raw food, 111

Difference in favor of steam-
ed food,
♦' 30. I/ive weight of 5 pigs, on
steamed food,
Ditto of .5 ditto, on raw food,

Difference in favor of steam-
ed food.
May 1. Live weight of 5 pigs, on
steamed food,
Ditto of 5 ditto, on raw food.

Difference in fjtvor of steam-
ed food,
June 1. Live weight of 5 pigs, on
steamed food,

Ditto of 5 ditto, on raw food.

137

l23;l-

13 J

205
176

279
223

30

56

Total difference in favor of steamed foot
In the three months, the pigs on steamed food
have increased 173 lbs., being G7 llis. more than
double ; while those on raw food have only in-
creased 115 lbs., being 7 lbs. more than dou-
ble their first weight, so that there can be very
little doiil)t that steamed food is more profitable
for feeding pigs than raw food. In fact, the re-
porter does not think it po.ssihle to make pigs fat
on raw potatoes, without other food, when confin-
ed to them alone.

OVICIDE.

Several hundred sheep a day or two since,
were temporarily confined in a large pen outside
the town — and in the course of the night a num-
ber of the prisoners undertook to effect their es-
cape. Accordingly the malcontents rushed to the
fence, under the shelter of which lay a large body
of the more quietly disposed — and jumping upon
their |)rostrate companions, thence sprang over
and got ofi'. In the morning some forty or fifty
hapless animals were found to have been trampled
to death 'ly this desperate process. Verdict of the
crowner — " died in the wool." — JVantucket Inq.

From the New York Farmer.
JBWETT'S CHEMICAl. WATER-PROOF.

Among tlie superior articles exhibited at the re-
cent Fair of the American Institute was Col. Jew-
ett's water-proof paste. A boot which had been
saturated with it had been standing in water three
days without being in the least moist on the in-
side. A lady's slipper was similarly exposed, with
the same result.*. We have tried it on hoots and
can speak favorably of it, although as yet we have
made hut a partial trial. The information we have
given on this subject in former numbers of the
New-York Farmer, together with the following
subjoined certificate, cannot liiil of recommending
it to the notice of onr readers. Should it prove a
desideiatum in protecting the feet from wet, it will
be of incalculalile benefit to the health of all classes,
particularly to farmers, who are constantly exposed
iiu)St of the year roun<l, to rain, a damp and wet
ground, or to dewy grass.

"Executive Office, Columbus, O/tio, June 21,1834.
" Having worn shoes for the past five months, to
which Col. Jewett's Chemical Water Proof had
been apj)lied, I can from experience recommend it
to the community at large, under the impression
that all who use it will find it much to their inter-
est and comfort. I immersed one of these shoes
under water, which had been saturated, and found
that the leather was made perfectly impervious to
water and remained soft and pliable. 1 believe
that leather thus saturated will wear longer than it
otherwise would, and conceive the paste to be an
article of iitnnense value, and its discovery of great
importance to the public.

Robert Lucas, Governor of Ohio."

DELETERIOUS GAB.

We learn from Riom in the Cantal, that a ser-
vant of M. Lamadon having been sent into I lie
cellar, it was remarked with astonishment that she
remained an unusual time.. It was remembered
that she was obliged to pass through a low place
where wine was in a state of fermentation, and it
was naturally presumed that she had been suffo-
cated by the deleterious gas, hut the difficulty was
how to extricate her without exposing others to
the same fate. Lighted candles let down into the
cellar were iuunediately extinguished. A young
physician descended carefully, having in his hand
a vessel tidi of chloride of ,lime, which is suppos-
ed to possess the property of destroying the nox-
ious gas; but belore fie arrived at the bottom of
the stairs, he fell in a state of sufl'ocation and dis-
appeared. Others descended and iell in like man-
ner; but in consequence of their being held by
those above, they were easily extricated and re-
covered in the open nir. An hour and a half
elapsed, during which eflforts were made in vain
to discover the first suftt:rers. At length it oc-
curred to the bystanders to |)unip large quantities
of water into the cellar, by which means the nox-
ious atmosphere was in some measure got rid of
Lights were no longer extinguished, and the per-
sons engaged in this work of benevolence could
now venture farther into the cellar. Tlie doctor
was first found, after having been entombed for
three hours, and was brought again to lilt;. The
servant was extricated soon after, and was in like
manner restored.

TO STEAM POTATOES.

Put them clean washed with their skins en,
into a steam saucepan, and let the water under
them be about half boiling ; let them continue to
boil rather quickly till they are done. If the water
once relaxes from its heat, the goodness of the pota-
to is sure to be affected, and to become saddened, be
the qucdily ever so good. A too precipitate boiling
is equally disadvantageous ; as the nigher part to
the surface of* the root begins to crack and ojien,
while the centre part continues unheated and un-
decomriosed.

Kirwan says, that " Carbonic acid, by superior-
ity of its specific gravity soon precipitates, and is
then condensed in or niechanically absorbed by
soils, and is contained in dew." — p. 114.

SUBSTITUTE FOR INDIGO.

The New York Gazette contains a notice of
several useful articles exhibited at the late fair in
that city ; among them is enumerated a substitute
for indigo, as exhibited in its operation upon cloth.
The fidlowing is the notice :

" We examined also with great interest and
much satisfaction, a sample of blue cloth dyed
without indigo. Cloth worn for several years
dyed by a similar process, was shown, which re-
tained its brilliancy. It was exhibited by F. Fos-
sard of Philadelphia. He has given it a good
name, viz. ' Lafayette Blue.' The success of this
attempt to dispense with indigo will be important
to our country, and an annual saving of a very
large amount."

A gentleman yesterday showed us a coat made
from cloth that had been colored with the Lafay-
ete Blue, which appeared to he of the true blue.

From the Gardener's Magazine.
DESTROYING THE RED SPIDER.

I :•■ J. B. W. will use the following compound, he
will find it completely eradicate those unwelcome
visiters the red spiders, without in the slightest
degree disfiguring or injuring any part of vegeta-
tion to which he may think proper to apply it.
To each of four gallons of clean rain water, heat-
ed to about 100 degrees Fahrenheit, add a small
tea-cupful of soft-soap, stirring and mixing both
well together. Then apply it with a syringe, in
the same manner, same proportion, and about the
same time as water is generally applied ; that is,
well drench, between five and six o'clock in the
afternoon, every part that is in the least infested,
or likely to he so, and repeat the operation three
successive afternoons ; the fourth, instead of the
nostrum, use clean water. Then again the nos-
trum for three successive afternoons, using on the
fourth clean water, and so on ; recollecting never
to syringe with clean water on any of the days thati
the nostrum has been used ; nor with the nostrum
on any of the days allotted for clean water. I have
invariably found that nine syringings with the mix-
ture totally destroyed every appearance of the in-
sects, and have never found them make their ap-
pearance during the season after its application. It
will be perceived, by a minute inspection, after the
first two or three syringings, that the foliage has as-
sumed what botanists would call a "slightly glau-
cous" appearance. It is this glaucous appearance
which battles every effort of the insect ; as every
leaf and branch is thinly coated over with soft-soap,
yet so thinly that in vegetation there is no percepti-
ble difl'erence. The object of syringing with cleam
water every third day is to remove the glaucous ap-l
pe.irance, and allow vegetation twenty-four hours'
respite ; which enables the plant to sustain, witlioul
the slightest percejitible difference, the next three
dressings with the nostrum. Were the glaucous
appearance not removed at the specified time, but^

VOI.J XHI. NO. 33.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

173

the nostrum coiitiiiiieci for four, five or six tijiif s, ihe
foliage would get so over-co;itKcl, that a very per-
ceptihle difference woukl directly show itself; and
the leaves would assume a hrown unhealthy n\>
pearance: the washing every third day (using a
plentiful supply of clean water) quite prevents
this. — Abdalonymus. July 7, 1834.

Make a table-spoonful of sulphur into a paste,
and afterwards put it into a large pot full of water.
The sulphur should be in sucli proportion to the
water as to make the latter yellow. Syringe the
leaves with this mixture two or three times in the
course of a fortnight, adding a little juore sidphur
each time. The spider will soon bid you farewell.
— P. Davis. Upton, near Stratford, Essex, June
24, 1834.

VERTICAIi wool. SPINKER

— William Sykes and George M. Conradt, Freder-
icktown, Frederick co. Maryland, March 10.

The novelty claiiried in this machine con-
sists in the mode of drawing the thread. The
slubbing is put on to a roller in the usual way, and
is conducted down to the spindles on the lower
part of the machine ; in descending, it passes be-
tween two segment rollers, that is, rollers which
have opposite sides flattened, so as to remove about
half of their touching surface; the roving in de-
scending is embraced, alternately, between the
two cylindrical parts. Similar rollers are placed
a few inches below these, embracing the thread
at the time it is free in the upper rollers ; " and
thus the operation of a continued drawing is per-
formed, and at the same time the flyers give it the
requisite twist. If hard twisted yarn is required,
the pairs of rollers are placed nearer together ;
for loose yarn, further apart." The claim is con-
fined to this part of the structure.— ^/ourna/ of the
Franklin Institute.

Of one tli.insand seedlings raised by myself in
1832, nnt one was red, inostly long-shaped and
i:xcelk'iit. — Genesee Farmer.

THE MASHANNOCK. POTATO.

We received in a letter from a subscriber in In-
diana, last week, a small fine looking potato, in
which he gives the following account:

" I send you, in this letter, the celebrated Ma-
sliannock Potato of the west. I call it the Mashan-
nock of the west, as it was produced from a seed
of the Mercer potato, by an old Irish woman in
Columbiana county, Ohio, about the year 1820.
This variety spread over the country in 1824, with
such rapidity, as to reach almost every farm that
year. Since that time, it has had no rival among
the old varieties. It remains in full |)erfection to
the present day. The Mashaunock potato greatly
resembles the fiercer of Pennsylvania, but is supe-
rior to it in evfery respect. The Mercer potato is
shorter and whiter, and, I believe, the product not
more than one-fourth as much. If your tar-
iners have not this kind of potato already, they
will do well to try it.

" The Mashannock has vines of a beautiful light
yellow color, medium size, soft and and spreading.
A common |)otato is six inches long, as thick as a
man can span, and flattened in its form. Over-
grown ones are much larger, some seasons weigh-
ing from two to three pounds, with lumps on the
sides. The vines bear a moderate quantity of
small seed-balls ; and some seasons, when the crop
is very good, the ground is nearly covered with
them. These seed-balls make the greatest variety
of potatoes, and the most promising kinds of any I
have tried. They sport in endless variety of early
and late, large and small, and all colors except red.

( Front Loudon's Magazine.
Oti THE CUIiTIVATIOK OP POTATOES.

On readijig the observations on planting pota-
toes, by J. Hart, of Dublin, (Gardener's Magazine,
IX. 589.) it struck me that, if every one would
communicate the result of his own practice as a
potato grower, it would elicit facts from which
correct data might be obtained that would enable
horticulturists to determine generally what are the
real causes of failure in the cultivation of that val-
uable vegetable.

Much has been said on the curl in potatoes, and
many reasons have been assigned as to the cause
of it ; but most of them are unsatisfactory, being
often directly opposed to every day's experience.
Perhaps my ideas on the subject may be as vague
as those of ray predecessors ; but, be that as it niay,
I have the satisfaction of knowing that, by atten-
tion to the ndes here laid down, I have never fail-
ed of success.

I shall begin with the most prevailing idea, that
the curl is occasioned by the over-matured state
of the tidiers from which the plants were taken.
This is a point on which I differ from some who
rank high as vegetable physiologists; but, always
judging for myself according as circumstances
have occurred, I am induced to believe that much
more importance is attached to that cause than it
really deserves. That it ia possible for potatoes to
be over-matured, 1 admit ; but it will only occur
in those seasons that are exceptions to our EUin-
mers, generally considered.

During the last twenty years I have been exten-
sively connected with the culture of potatoes on
various soils, and by inany different methods, both
for early and late crops; and though 1 have never
suffered from an attack of the curl, I have in many
instances seen the crops of those around me suffer-
ing to a great extent during that period. 1 will
describe my practice in as few words as possible.
For early crops I always plant tubers produced
from an early crop the preceding season, in pre-
ference to those of a later growth. I consider tu-
bers well matmed, preferable for planting, because
in them the embryo of the future plant is more
perfect than in those not yet arrived at a state of
maturity ; and, consequently, the functions of the
|dant are brought more readily into action by the
three great agents of vegetation, light, heat, and
moisture, than in those of later growth. The well
keeping of potatoes intended for planting is a very
iTiaterial point as respects the curl in the future
crop. I hesitate not to say tbilt the curl is often
caused by the injudicious manner in which pota-
toes are frequently stored through the autumn and
winter months. We often see them thrown into
large heaps, and suffered to remain till young
shoots appear through the top of the heap. They
are then perchance turned over, to rub off the
young shoots, and again consigned to chance, till
another crop of shoots appear. Indeed, I have
known instances where three successive crops
have appeared before the time for planting had ar-
rived. Under these and similar circumstances,
we have no reason to expect a healthy growth and
good crop ; it is quite impossible that plants with
their vegetative powers thus nearly exhausted, can
fully develope their respective parts ; and hence
those monstrosities, contortions, and contracted
appearances of the stem and foliage, which end in

disappomtment to the grower. It is not to lie in-
ferred that I consider this as the sole cause of the
curl in potato crops ; on the contrary, I believe
that there are others ; but these appear to me of a
secondary nature, and I may at some future time
address you respecting them, should you deem the
hints here thrown out worth attention.

My method of keejiing potatoes for planting is
this: — I lay by well-matured tubers of my earliest
crops, in a dark dry shed, frequently turning them
over to prevent them from sprouting; which by
proper attention may be effectually done. They
will retain their vegetative powers unimpaired.
Wlien the season for planting arrives, I cut my
sets in the following manner : first, I cut off the
blind eye, as it is generally called, at the base of
the [)otato, and throw it into the waste basket ; I
then proceed to divide the remaining |)art, accord-
ing to the size of the tuber, and the number of
eyes it contains, always taking care to have one
good full eye at least to each set; and, when the
sets are cut, I lay them in a moderately thick heap
for a few days, that they may dry before planting,
taking especial care, in early crops particularly,
not to plant when the ground is very wet from
heavy rains or snow.

I have frequently taken tubers from fully ma-
tured crops, and exposed them to the influence of
the sun for several weeks ; and in the following
season planted tliem at the same time, and on the
same piece of ground, with tubers of a late crop j
the results have fully confirmed my opinion, that
planting early-produced tubers, for early crops, is
the best method to adopt.

Kespectmg the idea that fate produced tubers
will not produce a curled progeny, I sidniiit the
following case to show that they are as likely to
produce curl in the succeeding crop as the most
matured tubers. In the year 1826, through the
prevalence of rain, the late crops were generally
not of a marketable quality ; consequently the
greater part were reserved by the growers for plant-
ing. The following spring and summer, the curl
prevaile<i to a great extent, and hundreds of acres
were plonglied up, the crop not being worth the
expense of taking. I examined many hundreds of
[)lants on different soils and under different mode.s
of treatment, and seldom found more than three or
four per cent of healthy plants. On carefully ex-
amining the soil, I found nothing to induce a be-
lief that it was caused by any local circumstance ;
indeed, so general was the disease, that the most
sceptical growers declared they could not ascribe
it to any other cause than the unripe state of the
sets ; a conclusion strengthened by the fact, that
those who planted well-rij)ened tubers had crops free
from curl and as productive as usual. W. M.

PUDDIiEIVG OR REPINIIVG IRON WITH AN-
THRACITE COAL.

We understand that Mr. M. B. Buckley, of this
Borough, has made a successful experiment of pud-
dling or refining iron with Anthracite Coal. The
iron thus refined has been tested and found to be
of an excellent quality. The advantage to be de-
rived from this experiment is, that Iron can be re-
fined by the use of Anthracite Coal, from 12 to 15
dollars per ton cheaper than by the usual method.
Judging from the discoveries already made, we
have no doubt but that Anthracite Coal, will, in a
few years, be applied to all the ])urpose8 for which
wood is now used in making iron. — Poitsville Mi-
ners' Journal.

174

NEW ENGLAND KARMEU,

DECEAIBER, 10, ls34.

NEW EiNGLANJJ FARMEK.

BOSTON, WEUNESUAY EVENING, DEC. 10, 1834.

the heart backwards, and 1 have had no trouble froiu
snapping smce. Now the knowledge of this is but a Iri-

FARMER'S WORK FOR DECEMBER-

Wood for Winter, ^c. — It was remarked by the Hon.
J. Lowell, in an article republished in The Complete
Farmer, page 314, that " The practice of the populous
nations of Europe, whose forests have been cut off cen-
Uiries ago, and who are compelled to resort to measures
of the strictest economy, to supply themselves with fuel,
ought to have great weight with us. France, in an es-
pecial manner, ought to be looked up to, for wise lessons
on this subject. Her vast and thickly settled population,
her numerous manufactures, her poverty in mineral coal,
the eminence she has obtained in the, mechanical arts,
entitle her to great respect. It is the practice of the
French people not to cut off their woods oftener than once
in twenty or twenty-five years ; and, by law, when they
are cut over, tlic owner is obliged to cut tUc whole smooth,
with the exception of a very few low trees, which the
officers of government had marked to be spared for a
larger growth. Without giving any opinion as to the
propriety of the direct interference of the government
on such a topic, \vc should say, that the example proves,
that, in the opinion of the French scientific and practical
men, it is expedient, when woodlands are cut, that they
should be cut smooth, in order that the new growth may
start together, not overshaded by other trees of a larger
growth. We have no opinion of the utility of cutting
down trees in a scattered manner, as they appear to fail,
and still less of planting acorns in thinner spots of
the forest. The growth thus produced will be forever
feeble."

It has boon strongly recommended by European vfri-
ters to disbark trees, intended for limber, before they are
cut down. Bulfon took tlie bark from three oak trees,
about forty feet in height, where they stood. In the
course of three years they died — and on cutting them
down, the outer wood was found hard and dry, and the
internal wood moist and softer. After trying its strength,
&c. he concludes that " timber which has been disbarked
and dried while standing, will weigh heavier, and prove
stronger, than timber cut in its bark."

Wood snapping on. Ike fire. — A writer for the N. E.
Farmer, (vol. x. p. ^i(S\,) observes, in substance, that the
disagreeable and often dangerous consequences of the
snapping or throwing coals from such wood as chesnut,
hemlock, &c. may be, " so far as regards split-wood, in
a great measure overcome, by placing the wood properly
on the fire; that is to say, by laying the inner side, or
that part which was nearest to the heart, towards the
fire, for the coals fly in that direction," This article was
re-published in the (ienesee Farmer, and induced a wri-
ter for that paper, to make the experiments and observa-
tions following :

" I believe we have no wood in this counlry that is
more worthless, for fuel, than the Butternut. A few cuts
of this kind, however, about ten inches in diameter, had
been split iu two, letl some weeks to dry, and then car-
ried into my chamber. On placing one stick on the fire,
it began to snap most lemarkably ; sometimes there were
not less tlrin fifteen or twenty sparks on the carpet at
once ; and the inconvenience was serious. What was
1o be done ? I happened to recollect a paragraph in your
second vidume, taken from some eastern paper, [the N.
E. Farmer] stating, that wood snaps on the fire from the
side aeuresi the heart. It was so in this case. I jnst
turned the log ovir, and at once the difficulty was at
an end ; fur though it continued to snap for some time
against the back plate, yet no more sp rks came into the
room.

" Wiien I put on the next log, 1 was particular to turn

fle indeed, but it may be worth knowing, for I have of-
ten seen the guests round a parlor fire starting up to put
out the sparks, when, I presume, nothing more was
wanting, than to turn over a stick."

The following, from an English publication, will, we
are confident, prove useful to horticulturists.

On a new Method of writing onZinc for labelling
Plants.— Mi. Henry Braconnot, the celebrated French
chemist of Nanlz, to whom we are indebted for the cu.
rious transformation of rags and other similar vegetable
substances into starch, gum and sugar, by the agency of
the Oil of Vitriol, and whose name is well known to
the chemical world for various researches, connected with
the analysis of vegetable substances, has given in the
last number of the Annals de Chemie et de Physique, a
preparation for writing on plates of Zinc, to label plants.
The writer having a dislike to painting in oil, wliiok ie
often inconvenient, and never endures a long time, re-
solved to turn his attention to some oth»r way which
would prove both ready and durable. The system of
writing on zinc with a black crayon, which was acciden-
tally discovered by M. Symon, an Amateur at Brussels,
and noticed in the Remic horticolc for October, 18S2, and
the Bon Jardinicr for 1833, possessing many imperfec-
tions, Mr. Braconnot was induced to try some experi-
ments, being anxious to obtain a liquid, or a species of
ink, which would be perfectly durable when exposed to
the changeableness of t.';e weather, and also one with
which lie could write with ease. This end, after several
proofs, he believes he has obtained, in a good measure.
If it answer, he will have done both the botanists and
amateurs a real service. The preparation is as follows :
Take Verdigris in powder, one part,

Sal Ammoniac in powder, one part.

Lamp-black, half a part, "■

Water, ten parts.
Mix them in a glass or pot mortar, at first only adding
as much water as will mix it well, then add the remain-
der of the water. When placed in a vessel, let it be well
shaken up from time to time, and in a few days it will
be fit for use. This is not only excellent for labelling
plants, but also for marking objects it is wished to pre-
serve, in low, wet situations, becoming quickly dry, and
being vtiy durable.

Ji'orlh Carolina Gold. — From the Raleigh Kigister of
Tuesday last, we copy the following dazzling intelli-
gence.

" We learn by a private letter, that at Reed's Mine in
Cabarrus county, where the famous lump of 23 pounds
of gold was found many years ago, being the first discov-
ery of gold in this state, several very large pieces have
just been discovered. One of the pieces weighed 13 lbs.
In one day 20 lbs. were found, and on the next, 10 lbs.,
and the search was continuing." — Tenn. Republican.

The eclipse came on and passed off"atNew Bedford, in
a pure and unclouded atmosphere. At half past two,
Venus was distinctly visible by. the naked eye, about 30s.
E. and Ids. )M. of the Sun, and continued visible about
40 minutes.

Sumctliing JYew. — It is said that an experiment is about
being made at Falmouth, England, to ascertain the value
o{ bronze, as sheathing for vessels. It is thought that it
possesses advantages over copper. A vessel is to be
sheathed one side with copper, and the other with bronze,
for the purpose of testing the comparative value of these
metals for this purpose.

The approacii ot cold weather admonishes us to re-
member the j)oor. There are very many of our fellow
beings, who dare not look forward to the coming winter
and tliink of their destitution. We hold it to be an un-
deniable prop. sit;on, that neither moral fechngs nor re-
ligious sentiment, of any governing influence, can be
infused into minis or made operative upon souls lodged
in half starved or naked bodies. Pious men, who seek
out the wretched tenants of the unblessed hovel, to con-
sole and comfort them with words of prayer and exhorta-
tions, would reap a richer harvest of reward if they would
send the baker belore them.— Transcript.

The coiuiJci'ation of the new Cathedral at St. Louis,
Missouri, took place on the Sabbath, Oct. 26. 1 he Cath.
olic Telegraph says ; " During the Divine Sacnlice, two
of tlie military stood with drawn swods, one at each side
of the altar. ...When the solemn moment of the consecra.
tion approached, and the Son of the living God was go-
ing to descend lor the first time, into the new residence
of his glory on earth, the drums beat the reveille, tiiree oi
the star-spangled banners were lowered over t.ie balus.
trade of the sanctuary, the artillery gave a deafening
discharge," &-e. ___^___„ ._^^

l^SSrkoRTICULTURAT^SOClETY.

ITEMS OF INTE1.L.IGEIVCE.

It appears from the Montreal papers, that Joseph Lan.
caster, the founder of the Lancaslerian system of educa-
tion, hjas got into a troublesome lawsuit. The nature of
it is not stated, but it is said the trial will excite a good
deal of interest, and a report of it will be published.

We learn from the Old Colony Memorial, that tlie
214th anniversary of the Landing of the Fathers, will be
celebrated in Plymouth, the 22d day of December next.
Rev. C VV. Blague.n, of Boston, has accepte invi-

tation of (he Trustees of the Pilgiim Society, i liver
an address on that occasion.

Convent Rioters.— The trial of the persons charged
with having been concerned in burning the Convent last
summer, came on for trial before the Su.jremo Court, at
East Cambridge, on Tuesday, 2d inst.. The trials will
probably last several wflfeks, — as each individual has a
right to a separate trial.

In the first lliiee quarters of 1833, about lOU million
pounds of Coffee were imported into the United States.
In the corresponding quarters of this year the iinporta-
lions have been but 00,344,701 lbs. The exportalions
this year have exceeded those of tin same period of last
year, by 7,olb,456 lbs.

A stated meeting of the Mass. Hort. Society was helc
at their room, on Saturday, December Gth, the President
Zebedee Cook, jr. Esq. presiding.

On motion of Mr. Downer, it was voted. That the fil
linir of the vacancies in the Society be poslpuneu till thi
next stated meeting.

On motion of M. P. Wilder, Esq. it was voted. That.
Committee be appointed to consider the expeUi^ncy c
disposing of the interests of this Society in l..e liarde:
and Cemetery of Mount Auburn to the proprietors o
ihe Lots in tlic Cemetery, and to report the cj.iditiom
on which a conveyance shall be made, if the Cu nmitte
shall deem the measure advisable.

Voted, That said Committee shall consist of seven pel
sons, four of wliom shall not be proprietors of L. aa in th
Cemetery, and that Hon. Joseph Story, M. P. vVildei
C. P. Curtis, Tho.oas Hastings, E. Vose, J. A. Lowel
and E. Westoij. jr. Esqs. be that Committee.

On motion .if Mr. Bond, it was voted, Thatwiien thi
meeting adjourn, it adjourn to Saturday, Dec. 2jlh ins
at 11 o'clock, A. M. to hear the Report of the Commi
tee, and that the Secretary be authorized to give uotii
of said meeting in th'e daily morning papers.

Adjourned. ' CHARLES M. HOVEY,

Sec. pro te,

VOL.. XIII. NO. aa

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

FRUITS EXHIBITED. .

Saturilay, Dec. 6.

Passe Colmar and Lewis Pears, (natives,) by E. Vose,
Esq. Tlie Passe Colmar were in a most excellent state
of preservation, and were the finest specimens by far we
have ever seen — not having the dry, shrivelled appear-
ance that they have generally had, when heretofore ex-
hibited. This, Mr. Vose informed us, was owing to their
having been kept in a cool dry room, rather than in a
warm one, which, being picked in a green state, causes
them to ripen prenjaturely . The Lewis pear may be
considered very good.

From Mr. W. Oliver— Brown St. Germain. This
pear has very much the appearance of the Foxley, sent
by Mr. Lowell a week or two since.

For the Committee, P. B. HOVEY, Jr.

it/" For Gtn. Dercrboni''s Letter, see pase 171.

175

CATALOGUE FOll 1Sj5.

Just published, a Catalogue of Ihe NEW
ENGLAKD SEED ANU .\GRICULTURAL
\V'.A.KE HOUSE — comprising an unusual choice
colleclion ol Garden and Flowej Seeds, raised
in the Gardens connected witli ihe E»iablishnienl.
Tlie loKowin^ from Ihe preface explains the principles in
reference lu which the business will ho coiiducied.

When Uie Agricidlural Warehouse and New England Seed
Store was commenced, it was allogeiher problematical whether
those eiig^yed in the dilferent branches of rural economy would
give support to such an establishment, and the proprietors in-
iiurred very considerable expense, as well as bestowed much
iirne a.ul^e.xcrtiou to make ii what the Fanners and Gardeners
ol New Eiiiflaud very much needed, to wii, a Repositorv from
which could be obtained Seeds, &c. which might be rel'ied on
IS true lo their kind and of the best qualitv. The experience
»nd experiments of a series of years, cnalile us now to give
issurance of salisfaclion to those who mav commence or will
jontinue their patronage. We have completed our anticipated
irraiigemenis in the seed department in such a manner Uiat we
ire well assured of a full supply of seeds, raised under cur own
direction. We are thus placed in a condition to supply seeds.
)1 warranted good quality; and arrangements liave been made
o import from Europe ihose kinds which bid laire.it to be most
iselul. best adapted lo nor .sc'l and rli,v..ilc, and ■..,<. tvhich reli-
iQce can be placed thai with proper treatment they will not fail
,0 germinate.

Ti a business of this description, il cannot be expected but
hat complaints will sometimes be made of seeds not vegetatino- •
>ut candid men will allow Ihal the fault is not always in Ihe'
:eed. 'I'lie best seed may fail of coming up, on several accounts •
ome kinds may be sown too early, and be chilled in the ground'
u dry seasons, by the burning rays of the sun — thcv are often
:alen by worms and insects, and are frequenilj- covered too
leep III the earih, particularly delicate flower seeds. The best
nelhod of proving the quality of the seed is to sow a few in a
lox of loose earth, placed in a warm room, keeping the earth
noist. II the seed is good, it will vegetate in a^reasonable
ime. A quicker method is to roll up a Tew seeds in a quantity
if uit^ muss, which will soon determine their character.

It was long before the business would warrant the expenses
low iiicnrring; and il is fur the public to decide lo what extent
hey will give their patronage lo an establishment conducted
in the principles, enjoying Ihe advantages, and favored with
he prospects above ineniioiied.

This Catalogue contains 80 pages ; will be sent Gratis lo
lealers. patrons and friends of Ihe Eslablislimenl, and Ordkus
or articles contained therein will meet wiih prompt and faithful
itlention. ^ GEO. C. liARliETT,

Nein Englaitd Seed Store, Bns/on.

•.HOLLiIS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMEIVT, ,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind-Galls, Old strains, Siift' joints.
Swelled or Cracked Heels, and lor Horses that are strain-
ed in the back sinews, wrung in the withers, &c. ; |
also lor Glandular swellings of the Tbroal.
The ingredients which compost ibis preparation have been
caiefully selected alter many years experience, and are some
of the most successful remedies united, correctly proportioned
and happily udaptcd to afford relief in all the above mentioned
coniphiints ; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article is used, it will be preferred to any other, as il is decid-
edly the best and certainly the most conveuienl article in use.
^ N. B, Persons afflicted with Rheumatism. Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Stiffness or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Linimcnl a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

ICTThe Public are requested lo observe Ihat each label is
signed.

Price of large Boltles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o2a

PKICKS OF COUNTRY PROUUCt
Corrected trith great care, vreehly.

COCKSPUR THORNS.

A few bushels of Seeds or Berries of this celebrated Thorn
rom the farm of Jno. Prince. Esq of Jamaica Plains, lor sale
by GEO. C. BARRETT, New England Seed Store. Price
go.OO per bushel. ^f. 29

SEEDS, Cfor fall sowing)

I For Sale, at the i\'ew England Seed Store, connected

with the N. E. Farmer office, 51 & 52 North Market street, or

While Portugal Onion Seed— Silver Skin, do.— Fall 13

Prickly Spinach— Black ^Spanish or Winter Radish— Celery

•^■^ '^'•- ^ aug

TO SailTHS, &,c.
PATENT HORSE SHOE NAILS.

Thu Subscribers have now in successful operation alPlynip-
lon. Mass, a machine for making Horse Shoe Nails.

The nails are made of the very best Iron, are perfectly mall-
able and admirably adapted to the use for which they were de-
signed. Numerous respectable testimony from those who have
used and approved them could be cited, but ihe manufacturers
relying upon ilic quality of the article, prel<;r that ihe nails
should be their own lest.

'I'hey arc known to be a good article,— and can be obtained
in any quantity desired from the manufacturers al their place
in Plymplon, Mass., or al THOS. FAXON'S, Smith Shop,
Pond Street, Boston, opposite the Massachusetts Holel

HAYWARD, RALPH £0 STURIEVANT.

Plymplon, Mass., Nov. 26.

A GARDENER

—Wants a Situation— can produce the best recommendations
as regards his character and capacity. nov 19

Apj"LES, russets,

Beans, white,

Bkef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) . . . .

Bu TTEK. inspected. No. 1, new. .
Cheese, new milk, . . . . . .

skimmed milk. ....

Feathers, northern, geese, . . .
soulhcrn, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed,

Flock, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir.
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow,. .

southern yellow , . .

while, . . . . .

Rye, Northern, ....

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

H.VY, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Plard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, Isl quality (new) ....
2d quality . ...

Lard, Boston, 1st sort

Southern. Isl sort, ....

Leather, Slaughter, sole, , . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

*' upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole. . .

Baltimore, sole, . .

LmiE, beslsort . . . . ,

Pork, Mass.inspec.,exlraclear.

Navy, Mess

Bone, middlings, . . . .
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (none) . '.
Red Top. northern, , .
Red Clover, northern, ,
__ While Dulcii Honeysuckle

>rt.LLOTV , trlcru, ....'...

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces.
American, full l>lood,waslied
do. ■ 3-4ths do.
do. 1-2 do.
do. 1-f and common
Native waslicd

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

pound
liushel
barrel

oushel

SMYRNA SPRING WHEAT.

Just received a few Bushels of the above kind of Wheat
nhich will be found a valuable variety, having been tried two
on' '" ■^"'''■England and yielding 55 Bushels one year and
0 Bushels the second year lo the acre. Farmers wfll please
all and -ee it. GEO. C. BARRETT.

NEW WORK.

Ji'ST received from the Publisher a new work entitled Cal-
iAREoits .Manures, treating upon the different capacities of
oils for improvement &c. by E. Ruffin. Esq. Editor of the
■armer's Register. GEO. C. BARRETT.

New-England Farmer Office.

AGRICULTURISTS ATTEND I

■' Have respect unto all things, hold fast that which is good "
The Subscriber has brought 10 this market, a new variety of
/ ntaloes, which have two good properties, viz, ; they are "ex-
ceedingly productive, and are excellent lor the table,— They
have been planted but four years, and from two potatoes have
prodacedfourteen hundred bushels. To be found al Brimmer's
Store, on the T wharf, Boston.

» , -ru u T, MOSES HEALY.
, ine above Potatoes originated from the Island of St
Helena. ^ j^^^ ,0,

FARM WANTED, ~

— Within 25 miles of Boston on a lease for 5 years — containino-
not less than 100 acres — one on the sea coas't would be niel'er"
red. Address B. M. at N, E. Farmer office, post paid
dec 3 Ct ,

f Pulled superfine,

list: ■

t Lambs,
= <( 2d

1 = I 3d '• .

2 L I"^' S[>inning, .
Southern pulled wool is gencrall
5 cts. less per lb.

gallon
pound

pound

lb.

pound

lb.

pound
it

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

cwt

pound

EROM

2 60
1 76

7 50
6 50

n

14
«

40

35

i)

1 33

5 37

5 42

5 60

5 50

SO

64

68

SO

6S!

40

18 00

13 00

14 00
37
14

♦9
.7
17
10
15
18
Si7
25

17 00
1.3 00

TO

3 CO

2 00
10 00
8 00
6 75

16

9

6

4S

40

9

1 40

5 50

5 62
5 6t
82
66
TO
85

ec

19 00

14 00

15 00
42

75

£

25

7 no

60
60
45
35
32
38
50
40
30
2S
35

15
Ii

le

17
■i»
30

2*

1 oe
18 00

8 58

87

19

31

760

65
58
60
i&
36
40
56
46
3$
25
40

FOR SALE OR TO LET.

A valuable farm situated in Medford, about five miles from
Ihis city, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit (arm.
For further particulars apply al Ibis office, n, 17,

WHITE DUTCH CLOVER.

Jusi received and for sale, al the New England Seed Store
il & o2 North Markel street—

1000 lbs. White Dutch Clover in prime order, and far supe-
lor to American Seeds, at reduced prices, sep 3

NOTICE.

Green House Frabies and Sashe,s,— about five hundred
quare feel, — Also a quantity of pots. For sale Anulv lo G
C, BARRETT, N,E, FarmerOff.ee. Nov. 12 '

BLACK CURRANT WINE.

A FEW Bottles of this wine, so highly esteemed by all ac-
quainted with its medicinal properties, jusl received by Geo
C, Barrett, 51 and 52 North Market street. au<» 13

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern, 1 pound

southern,

Pork, whole hogs

Poultry, (uncertain.) ....

Butter, (tub) , ,

lump,

Eggs, I dozen

-Potatoes, bushel

Cider, (new,) ) barrel

11

l£

8

9

1

fl

14

17

18

2ft

25

.10

37

50

50

3 00

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

,^°?J'.7''^^'^'■y '*•'■=''— for sale by LORING & KUPFER,
(o. 10 Merchant's Row. la, sep 3

APPLE PARING MACHINE.

Willis' Improved Apple Paring Machine is found lo be very
handy and useful lor paring apples, pears, &c., is very simple
mils construction, and IS used with great expedition Those
who are in the daily habit of using apples will find this imple-
ment very convenient and u.seful. §(.„ jq

BREMEN GEESE.

For sale, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese by

GEORGE C.BARRETT-

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Dec. 6, J834.

Reported for the Daily Advertiscrand Palriot.

Al market550 beef cattle, 300 stores, 190 sheep, and 380
swine. Nearly all the stores have been before at markel.

PRftES. Beef Cattle — Former prices were fully supported,
and sales were quick. We quote prime al 4 75 a 5 ; good at

4 33 a 4 50 ; cows at 4 a 4 50.

Barrelling Cattle — Very few cattle were taken by Ihe bar-
rellcrs, there being only a'bout a fair supply for market; we
quote to correspond with last week, viz. mes's al 23 a 24s : No.

I,^0a2Is; No. 2, 16 a 17s.

Stores. Higher prices were asked, but few sales only were
noticed ; we shall omit prices.

Sheep— We noticed lots taken al 1 50, 1 67, 1 80, 1 84, 1 92,
2 25 and 2 50.

Strine. — One lot previously contracted for at 4c for sows and

5 for barrows , one lot for a fraction less ; one lot selected at
4 1-2 for sows and 5 1-2 for barrows ; at retail 5 for sows, and
6c for barrows.

176

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

DECEMBER 10, 1834.

MISCELLANY

From Brairtard's Poems.
\irRITTEN IN A COMMON-PLACE BOOK.

Sk.k to your book, young lady ; let il be
An index lo your life— each page be pure,
By vanity uTioolorcd, and by vice
Unspoiled. Cheoi lul be each modest leaf,
Not 1 ude ; and pious be each written page.
Willioul hypocrisy be it devout i
Without uioroseness, be it serious ;
li" sportive, innocent ; and if a tear
Blot its white margin, let it drop for those
Whose wickedness needs pity more than hate.
Hale no onf— hale their vices, not themselves.
Spare many leaves for charity— that flower
- That belter than the rose's lirsi white bud
Becomes a wom;iJi's bosom. There we seek
And there wc find il first. Such he your book,
And such, young lady, always may you be.

TOUCH NOT.

The writings and sayings of Dr. .Tohnson tire
replete with good sense and sound morality — and
it is not without propriety that lie has l.cen tpriii-
ed, " the gieat English Moralist." The following
anecdote in relation to this oelelirated man, taken
from one of the late Biographies of Hannah More,
is now going the rounds of the papers: "Dining
one day with Dr. Johnson, whose spirits the com-
pany were an.xious to revive, Miss Hannah More
urged him to take a lillk wine. His reply was—
» I can't take a little, child, therefore I never touch
it. Abstinence is us easy to me as temperance
would be diffi iult." — Merc Jour.

Mr. Slater, of Carlton, in yawning dislocated his-
jaw, and thus grinning, with his mouth stretched
open, passed througli the streets, to the no small
derision of the multitude, till he hail reached the
) surgeon's, Mr. Mason, who soon walled up the
aperture by replacing the bone in its proper posi-
tion.

A new paper, entitled the ' Stonington Cannon,
was to he issued at Stonington, Con. by G. W.
Dixon— and will, no doubt, be 'a great gun.'

A stRlne of Edmund Kean, in the character of
Hamlet, is to be erected in the churchyard of Rich-
mond, Eng. — holding the skull of Yorick, — motto
" To this complexion must we come at hist."

The f. Uowiiig eiiigram illustraies the folly of family quarrels,
»he world generlilly blaming both parlies. However ill at case
we may be abroad, it is surely v^'ise to procure tranquillity al

'""""• EPIGRAM.

No cat and dog could lead a life,
Of more unceasing noise and strife,
Than our man Thomas and his wife;
She says, our Thomas is lo blame.
Whilst he of her asserts the same.

Nay, sometimes makeih oath.
To which, then, may we credence give 1
Which of these witnesses believe ?

Faith ! I believe them both !

THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS

—In Virginia, and their virtues are thus descril><»l
in a letter to the editor of the U. States Gazette :

The water has the pleasant flavor of a half
boiled half spoiled egg, is very clear, and not colli
enough to please the taste of a Philadelphia cock-
ney. The spring is covered with a handsome
dome, supported on columns, and is contained in
an octagonal inarhle case, about 7 feet long, 5 feet
wide, and 4 1-2 deep ; the bottom being formed of
the rock from which the water gushes. It is very
beautiful and tempting, and a res the following
diseases according to popular belief: yellow jaun-
dice, white swelling, blue ih'vilsand black plague,
scarlet fever, yellow fever, spotted fever, and fe-
ver of -uiy kind and color ; hydrocephalus, hydro-
thorax, hydrocele, hydrophobia, hypochondria and
hypocrisy ; dyspepsia, diari liipa, diabetes, and die-
of-any-lliing ; gout, gormandizing and grogging;
liver complaint^ cholic, stone, gravel and all other
diseases and bad hahils, except chawing, smoking,
spitting aii'l swearing.

NK.VV MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

At the great ^iirniiiighani Musical festival,
which was to take place in the heginniiig of Octo-
ber, prodigious ei!ei-t to the instriiinenlal band
was aiiticipatfd (Vniii the introdiii-linn of a new in-
strument hitliiMto unknown in England, called the
contra-hass sOphkleidc or Keyed Serpent. It is of
brass, Sjilmiliil in appearanre, and the prodigious
len-rlh of 11 feet, copied probably from our Amer-
ican sea-serpent. In conipass it descends lower
than any instrument hitherto kiiiiwn, and its tones
have great varii^ty, from mellow smoothness to
tci ific power. It supplies what was a desidera-
tum, a powerful bass, making its invention an era
in music.

LITERARY SEASONING.

In preparing works for the press, it is usual for
the printer, after the proof sheet has been seen by
the author, to go over it again, and clear it of
what are called typhographical errors, such as
wrong spelling, inaccuracies of punctuation, &,c.
In performing this office for a celebrated northern
critic and editor, a printer now dead, was in the
habit of introducing a greater number of commas
than it appeared to the author the sense required.
The case was provoking, but did not produce a
formal remonstrance, until Mr. W- n himself ac-
cidentally afforded the learned editor an oi.porln-
nity of signifying his dissatisfaction with the pleth-
ora of punctuation under which his compositions
were made to labor. The worthy printer coming
to a passage one day which he conid not nnder-
stand, very naturally took it in his head that it was
nninteiligible, and transmitted it to his employer
with a remark in the margin, that " there appear-
ed some obscurity in it." The sheet was imme-
diately returned with this reply— "Mr. Jeffrey sees
no obscurity here, except such as arises from the
quantity of "commas, which Mr. W— n seems to
keep in a pepper box beside him, for the purpose
of dusting all his proofs."

FALL GOODS.

ELIAB STONE BREWER, No. 4U Washington Street,
(South end,) has just received a complele assortmeul of
Full am! Winter Goods, from New York Auctions, consisting
of till- following varieties, viz. ■. —

1 case of superfine London Broadcloths, consisting of the fol-
lowing shades of colors, viz.— drakeneck, adelaide, invisible
gieen. olive, olive brown, russcl brown, blue black, &c. One
case common do. suitable lor chddren's wear.

'sajauiissieQ aseo i
I po. Saitineis,
[ do. Petershams,
1 bale primed Hocking,

ITEMS.

A quiet and contented mind is the supreme
good ; it is the utmost felicity a man is capable of
fn this world: and the maintaining of such an un-
interrupted tranquillity of spirit, is the very crown
and glory of wisdom.

The ex|ilanation of the mystery of " the Man
in the Iron Mask" is said to he, that Anne of
Austria having twins, this was the one born last,
and by the ancient jurisprudence the last born
twin was held to be the eldest ; but it having
been decided that the first should succeed to the
throne, seclusion of this other was resorted to,
to avoid conflicting claims.

Charles Phillips, the orator, dear to school boys,
and the lovers of declamation, has received tin ap-
pointment as public Prosecutor, worth ten thousand
a year, the gift of Lord Brougham.

In conformity to the new act of Parliament,
making natives of India eligible as justices of the
peace, we find appointed the following Parsee and
Mahomedan gentlemen at Bombay, — Jugonathjee
Sunkerseit, Esq. Jamsetjee Jeejeehoy, Esq. Dada-
lioy Pestonjee, Esq. &.C.

'Scarcili/ of Women. A St. Louis editor, remark-
ing on the. extreme scarcity of the gentler sex in
and about the vicinity of Galena, says that a man
who dwell in that desolate region lately walked
twenty miles to obtain sight of a petticoat, and
when he arrived at the place— lo, it was untenant-
ed and hanging ou a bush !

1 do. plain do.

g bales cotton Carpeting, of su.
penof quality,

1 bale sup. French Flannels,

1 do. do. Welch do. warrant-
ed not to shrink in washing

1 bale 4-1 English do.

1 do. G 4 do. do.

1 do common do. American.

4 do. Angola do. a superior

arucle, and warranted not
to ^hrink in washing.

5 bales of »hUe Domeis, al 20

cents per yard.
3 do. yellow do. at 20 els. per

yard. .
3 do. red Salisbury FlanuiJls,
5 do. vcl'ow do. do.
1 do. superior French colton

Blankets.
f do. London superior do.
1 do. common do.

1 do superi"r Marseilles Quills
3 do. knot ed do. do.
1 do. G-4 French Merinos,

1 do. do. English do.

2 cases 3-4 <io. do.
500 pieces Circassians, assort-
ed colors,

1 case Scotch Plaid, Isl quality
1 do. do. do. common, at

]2 \-i cents per yard.
50 pieces cherry, pink, crim-
son, &c.
Iialiancit, al 12 i-2 els per yd.
1 bale Hearth Rugs,
i5d<iz. woollen Comforters,
10 do. Homan's Cravats,

ladies' and children's
woollen Capes,
30 bales brown and while cot-
ton Hdkls.

1 do. Suffolk Drillings,
5 do. Russia Diaper, of a very

superior qualiiy,

2 Jo. 4-4 Builaps,
2 case Athenian Camlet, an

excellent ariicle liir ladies'
Habits, Cloaks, &c.
Nov. ^

1 case Athenian Cassimeres'
suitable for ladies' Habits,
Cloaks, &.e.

1 do. ladies HabilCloth, of su-
perior quality,

1 bale goat's haii Camlet,
7 bales Bed Tickings, from the

following iiiai.uiactories,

viz. Sliauin, Methuen,

. Brown, Apsanpink, &c.
3 do. pi.wer-loom do. altid per
yard,

3 cases Copperplate,

2 do English Paich,
16 do. P. ints, assorted qualities
50 do. bleached Sheetings and

Shirtings, from BJ to 26 cts
per yard,
75 do. blown do. do. from6ito«
163 cents per yard.

4 cases colorcil Cumbric of su-
perioi quality

6 do. do. do. common, at 6 1-4
cents per ^aul,

1 case red Moreen, at 25 cents.
per yard,

1 do. Canioii Table Malls, at
37 1-2 cents per set,

1 do. Oil cloth do. do.

1 do. do. do. do. suitable for
astral lam|is,

50 Astral Lamp Rugs,

1 case colored Damask Table
Cloths,

1 do Russia do. do. do.

1 do. superior Linens,

1 do. Long La" IIS,

1300 doz. Clark's Spool Cotlon.
(bik spools,) at 6d per doz.

2100 doz. while union Tapes
No. 33, al li ds per doz.

125 doz. twilled ilo.

110 ladies Sable Boas,

23 white Fox skin do.

14 doz. Sable and Fox Opcr»
Ties,

1 case French Inncy Boxes, a
less than hall ihccosiofim
portaiion, whiih wiih ihi
above ariides w dl be sof
for Cash, at loss price
than can be obiaiued elst
wlieie in the City.

I If

THE NEAV ENGLAND FAKBlM*

Is published every Wednesdaj Evening, ai ;. l"f ;;';»'
oavable at the end ol the year-bul those who P^J'"'
r,.iy daj's from the time orsubscribing,areentilU . lo a dedu

''"Ixn'o paper' will be sent to a distance withoul payono
being made in advance. ^

PnntedforGEO.C.BARnF.TT by ton is \ ai"1<eb

whoe.xecute every description o\ Book viw ,^<'"':!// "'

,„ ,n good style, and with proniptness. On it. for pr.i

Kinay be left ^ith Gko. C. liARKKTT. at the Agnck

ural Warehouse, No. 52, -North Market bl.eel.

NEW i:ngi*a:^d farmer.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52. NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN .EDITOR.

Ot,. XIH.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 17, 1834.

NO. 23.

From the American Almanac^ for 1835.
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL. ECONOMY.

[The following article has been furnished by Thomas
r. Fessenden, Esq. editor of the "New England Farmer."

continuation of agricultural notices and improvements
lay be expected in the future volumes of the Almanac]

The object of agriculture is to increase the
Liantity and improve the quality of such vegetable
id animal productions of the earth ns are of use

inankiiul in a state of civilization. Although
e most ancient of the arts, it is, nevertheless,
le of those in which the beneficial effects of
odern improvement are most strikingly rnauifest-
I. The science of agriculture is very extensive,
id embraces directly or indirectly, almost every
anch of human knowledge.

It would not be possible, in such a work as the
merican Almanac, to treat on every subject con-
:cted with agricultural improvement. But, though
1 topics are numberless, and its views boundless,
e slightest sketches and the most limited glances
ly prove useful. One may obtain refreshment
)ni a fountain, without drinking or appropriating
e whole of its waters.

The science of agriculture is becoming more
d more important as mankind advance in civil-
ition. The practical farmer, especially in the
ler and more populous parts of the countr}',
ist not only understand, but put in operation
iny of the modern improvements in the art by
licb he obtains his livelihood, or, by neglecti')"

make the most of his means, he will take Sv
my retrograde and downhill steps in the journey
life, that old age will find him in the vale of
verty. The cultivator, who does not keep pace
th bis neighbors,as regards agricultural iinprove-
;nt and information, will find himself to be the
orer in consequence of the intelligence and plen-
which surround him. He will be like a stunted
k, which is deprived of light and air by its more
Tering neighbors.

But there may be retrograde steps in agriculture,
well as in other arts. We would not advise the
raer, in middling or in low circumstances, to
,ke expensive experiments, nor to adopt every
vehy in husbandry on slight grounds witliout
ng well convinced by testimony, observation, or
Derience of its beneficial effects. He had better
low beaten tracks, if they are a little uneven
\ circuitous, than strike out at once into a wd-
rness of supposed improvements, which ijave
t been sanctioned by actual and repeated e.xper-
ents. He should exercise his own good sense

ev6ry proposed alteration, and neither consider
•t a mode or article of culture nmst be useful be-
ise it is new% and has been recommended by
ne theoretical cultivators, nor permit its novelty
be an insuperable objection to its adoption. Ma-
animals and plants, and also many theories,
iting to supposed agricultural improvements,
ich, some years since, were considered as de-
ving of general introduction, are now deserved-
md universally fallen into disuse, and those who
reduced or adopted them have suffered losses
tead of having realized anticipated profits. Thus

theory of Tull, by which frequent ploughing
s intended to supersede the use of manure ; the
inbardy poplar, supposed to be more useful and

ornamental than any of the numerous species of
trees, which adorn our forests; the plan of sum-
mer fallowing, or permitting land to lie without
crops of any sort for a greater or less period of
time, in order to recruit its fertility, supposed to
he exhausted by continued cropping ; the culture
of the Burnet grass, Florin grass, and some other
articles which have been tried and found wanting,
serve to prove, that in agriculture, as well as in
other arts and sciences, it is possible

" Dowuwards lo soar, and backwards lo advance."
Such failures, however, should not cheek enter-
prise, but inspire caution. We may, thereby, learn
that every novelty is not an improvement, though
every improvement was once a novelty.

The value of improvements in agriculture will
not be fully appreciated without a particular atten-
tion to the subject. A slight increase in the pro-
ducts of a farm causes a great increase in the
profits of the farmer. " We would intreat farmers
to consider, that the cost of raising a poor crop,
one time with another, is nearly as much as that of
raising a large one. There is the same expense in
fencing, — the same tax paid, — the same quantity
of seed sown, — the same almost expended in
ploughing, as rich land ploughs so much more
easily than poor, as lo make up for the extra num-
ber of ploughings, in a course of tillage. I may
add that there is the same or more labor in thresh-
ing.

" If such improvements as are possible, and
even easy, were made in the husbandry of iljis
country, many and great advantages would be
found to arise. As twice the number of people
might be supported on the same quantity ef land,
all our farming towns v\'ouId become twice as pop-
ulous as they are likely to be in the present state
of husbandry. There would be, in general, but
half the distance to travel to visit our friends and
acquaintances. Friends might oftener see and
converse with each other. Half the labor would
be saved in carrying corn to mill and produce to
market ; half the journeying saved in attending
our courts ; and half the expense in supporting
government, and in making and repairing roads ;
half the distance saved in going to the smith,
weaver, clothier, &,c. ; half the distance saved in
going to public worship, and most other meetings ;
for where steeples are four miles apart they would
he only two or three. Much time, expense, and
labor would on these accounts be saved ; and civ-
ilization, with all the social virtues, would, per-
haps, be proportionably promoted and increased.

" Nothing is wanting to produce these, and other
agreeable effects, but a better knowledge of, and
closer attention to matters of husbandry, with their
necessaryconsequences, which would be a more per-
fect culture, a judicious choice of crops, and change
of seeds, and making every advantage of manures."
We will now briefly notice some matters in
which the hand of modern improvement has been
most strikingly indicated.

IMPROVEMENTS l.\ BREEDS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

I. JVeat Cattle. Dr. Cooper, in the last Phila-
delphia edition of Willich's " Domestic Encyclo-
paedia," says, " The whole art of breeding animals
and vegetables for particular purposes, may be in-
cluded ia this direction : Choose those animals or

vegetables to propagate from, that possess the equali-
ties you wigh to propagate in the greatest perfection."
The qualities to be desired in neat cattle, may, it
is believed, be attained by judicious management
and by pro|)agating exclusively from animals pos-
sessing (he following properties:

1st ; Early Maturity. It appears by Bailey's
" Survey of Durham," in England, that a Mr. Wal-
ton, who kept a herd of improved cattle of the
short-horned breed, sometimes bought in calves of
the unimproved, or old breed of the roimtry, and
found, " that his own at two years old got fatter
for the butcher than the others did at three, though
kept exactly alike." A letter from Mr. Feather-
stonhaiigb, of Duanesburgh, N. Y. a scientific far-
mer of much practical experience, states, that "an
ox of the short-horn breed at four years old will
weigh as much as, under similar treatment, I have
been able to make the finest oxen do, raised from
other breeds, and which have never done a day's
work, at six year's old."

2dly ; Disposition to fatten and to derive the
most nourishment from a given quantity of food.
Surgeon Cline, a celebrated English writer, ob-
serves, th;U " the size and form of the chest indi-
cate the size and form of the lungs, and it is on
the size and soundness of the lungs that the strength
and health of the animal principally depend. An
animal with large lungs is capable of converting a
given quantity of food into more nourishment than
one »'"'''. s-^ailer lungs ; and therefore has a greater
Uftui'i'd ; to fa: ten."

3dly; Hardiness. This is a point of much con-
sequence in the soil and climate of New England,
but we do not know of any specific difference in
the different breeds to which there are not many
individual exceptions. The smallest breeds are
said to be the most profitable for pastures in which
the food is short and scanty. Tl-.e large breeds,
such as the Durham Short Horns, the Hereford-
shire and Lancashire breeds, &c. are reported
most profitable when the pastures are rich, and
winter food plentiful and of good quality. But
smaller and hardier sorts, such as the Devons, the
Sussexes, the Polled or hor7dess breeds are to be
preferred when the pastures are short, and provis-
ions for winter scanty and of indifferent quality.
The Alderney breed give very rich milk, but less
in quantity than some others.

There are some other qualities and qualifications
of neat cattle which are dependent in part on the
breed, and in part on management. Among these
may be numbered docility and peaceableness of
disjjosition, quantity and quality of milk, quality of
flesh, and fitness for labor. These and other good
properties, it is said, may be increased and perjiet-
nated by propagating, exclusively, from those in-
dividuals which possess them in a remarkable de-
gree.

II. Sheep. A very considerable portion of the
laud in New England is rough, stony, and hilly,
and must remain in pasture or woodland in conse-
quence of its being intractable to the plough.
When such lands have been grazed by neat cattle
or horses for a number of years, they become
nearly worthless, and are often abandoned by their
owners for the more fertile regions of the West.
Some sheep-farmers, however, assert that pastures,

178

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 17, 1S34:.

in wliich slicep have been kept for years in succes-
sion, have iiM|>n)ve(i, and nowyieM more and bet-
ter food than they did before sheep were admitted.
It is to be feared tliat many tracts of land in Nevv-
Enghuid will eventually be abandoned, unless some
method is adopted to prevent their deterioration.

If the above premises are correct, it is very im-
portant, indeed indispensable to the prosperity of
New England, that sheep husbanilry should be-
come general. But in order that it may becume
general it must be made |)rofitable ; and none but
the best breeds, for the purposes to which tliey
are adapted, will be found advantageous for any
other object than that of preserving the land from
becoming barren in consequence of continued gra-
zing.

As respects the hreeds or races of sheep, the
principal <livision is into the long wool and short
WOOL kinds. Among those bearing long wool are
the Tee.mmtcr, the Lincohshire, the Soxdh Doums,
the Bakewdl or Dishloj breeds, &c. The origin
of the last mentioned breed of sheep is thus de-
scribed by an English writer.

"Mr. I5;dvewell selected from his own (loci;, and
from ihe flocks of others, those sheep to breed
from, which possessed in the greatest degree that
perfection of form he was desirous to retain and
perpetuate. By judiciously crossing thein, and
selecting the triost perfect of their progeny, he at
length succeeded in forming the breed, which has
been distinguished by the name of the New Lei-
cester, or Dishley breed ; and having attained this
object, lie carefully guarded against any future in-
termittun.'.s with other breeds. This breed ex-
ceeds all others in its propensity to fatten ; and by
crossing his rams with this breed, a wnsidBrable
portion of I'le ImiiT-wooled sl-.eep in England has
been greatly improved in this respect.

Merino sheep are said to be the most profitable,
although on their first introduction into this coun-
try their value was too highly estimated. Mr.
Livingston, of New-York, observed that " seven
full-bred ewes gave upwards of thirty-sij; pounds
of wool ; and one ram fourteen mouths old gave
upwards of nine pounds. This wool sold at two
dollars a pound. Clear profits on the fleece ol
each ewe, tight dollars and seventy-five cents; on
the ram, seventeen dollars and twenty-five cents."
It has been said that Merino sheep are as profitable
for fatting as for the fleece, as they become fiit
with a less quantity of food in pro|)orlion to their
bulk than any other kind.

Mr. John Lowell, in speaking of sheep, observed
thai " many questions which were once proble-
matical, are now settled in favor of the Merino.
It was doubted whether it would stand our cli-
mate ; it does perfectly ; whether its wool would
not degenerate ; — it rather, improves : whether its
meat woulil be good for the table ; — it is as fine at
least as any mutton we have: whether the wool
could be exported to England and sell there at a
fair price ; — it has been done, and met such a sale
as would yield a much greater profit on Merino
sheep than on the connnon sheep."

III. Swine. Aiiinng other important modern
improvements in rural rconomy, the introduction
of new and more proliiable breeds of swine is not
the least worthy of notice. The lank, long-legged,
long-nosed, gamu-bodied hogs, which were for-
merly almost or altogether the only animals of their
species to be found among farmers, are now gen-
erally superseded by swine possessing what con-
noisseurs call " the murks of a good hog," viK.

" a moderate length in proportion to the size of the
body ; the nose short ; the cheek plump and full ;
neck thick and short ; quarters full ; carcass thick
and full ; hair fine and tliin ; with a symmetry
adajited to the breed to which it belongs. Above
all, it is essential that it be of a kindly disposition
to fatten early."

Dr. OliverFiske, of Worcester, Mass., has ren-
dered great service to the community, by introduc-
ing to the notice of tarmers in this country, a va-
riety of this animal, called the Bedford Breed,
which has been highly recommended. Levi Lin-
coln, late Governor of Massachusetts, and Presi-
dent of the ^Voreester Agricultural Society, has
given his opinion of this variety in a letter, from
which the following is extracted:

" I have great pleasure in voluntarily oftering
myself as your compurgator in the representations
with which you have recently favored the public,
of the Bedford breed of swine. The care and
perseverance wdiich have marked your attention to
the prospects and value of these animals, and the
success which has followed your exertions to in-
troduce them to the favor of pradica! iarmers, re-
ipiire at least, an acknowledgment from all those
who have been particularly benefitted by your lib-
erality, and from no one more than from myself.
This "breed of swine has taken the [ilace of a long-
legged, long-nosed, flat-sided, thriftless race, called
by some the /m?i breed, by other.i the Prussian,
which would barely pay by their weight for ordi-
nary keeping, and never for one half the expense
of fattening, if indeed grain would make them fat."

IMPROVEMENT IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTS.

1st. By change of Crops. This is a method of
cultivating different sorts of vegetables, in succes-
sion on the same piece of ground, with a view to
make the whole series of crops more profitable,
and at the same time prevent the land from being
exhausted. Some plants ijupoverish land more
than others. Indian corn, flax, hemp, &c. quickly
exhaust a field of its fertilizing properties. It has,
therefore, been found inexpedient to take more
than one exhausting cro]) in succession. Moreover
some plants take most of their noiuishnient near
the surface, and others from a greater depth, which
causes advantages to arise by changing from tap-
rooted to fibrous-rooted plants, and vice versa.

2dly. By change and selection of Seeds. Differ-
ent plants require diflTerent sorts of nutriinent. The
soil may become exhausted of the ))articular spe-
cies of food requisite for one, while it may aboimd
in matter suited to the healthy and vigorous growth
of another desi:ription of pl.-mts. The advantages
resulting from rotation of crops originate in this
law of vegetable economy. In selecting seeds or
plants to ijropagate from, great advantages have
been found to arise from choosing the fiiircst, ear-
liest ripe, and best in all particulars. Thus the
seed ears of Indian corn are best culled in Ihe
field, by taking the best ears from such stalks as
produced two or more fine and sound ears. This
method of improving agricultural products lias
been recommended by the example and precepts
of Mr. Cooper, a celebrated agriculturist of New
Jersey.

The above items indicate some of the principal
sources and means of agricultural itnprovement.
To these may be added the advantages accruing
from a more correct knowledge of manures, ani-
mal, vegetable and mineral ; the means of applying
iliein, and the particular crops to which particular
sorts of manure are most ajiplicable ; the method

of using all inatiures of animal and vegetable ori-
gin while fresh, before exposure to the sun, the
air, and moisture has robbed them of their most
valuable properties; the knowledge and means of
chemically analyzing soils, and enabling the cul-
tivator to ascertain their constituent parts, and thus
learn what substances are wanting to increase their
fertility ; the introduction of the root-husbandry,
or the cultivation of (lotutoes, turnips, maugel-
wurtzel, &c., extensively for feeding cattle, by
which a given quantity of land may be made to
produce much more nutritive matter, than if it
were occupied by grain or grass crops, and the
health as well as the thriving of the animals, es-
pecially in winter, greatly jiromoted ; and the for-
mation of Agricultural Societies, together with
the institution of Cattle Shows, &c. The Amer-
ican public seem fully impressed with the impor-
tance of emulous, as well as of scientific agricul-
ture, to the strength and prosperity of a nation.
The Conimonweallh of Jlassacliusetts has appro-
priated considerablfe sums to aitd to the funds of
agricultural societies within the limits ol' ti.e state,
institutions for the promotion of Agriculture, Hor-
ticulture, Domestic Industry, &c., are common,
not only in Massachusetts, but in most parts of the
United States. The establishment of jieriodica
publications expressly devoted to Agriculture an(
Kiiral Economy, has also been an eflirient iTiean
of improvement. Thejirst of these in point o
time was the " American Farmer," established a
Baltimore. . The " New England Farmer," at Bos
ton,, and many others in diflerent (larts of th
United States, have followed, and publications c
the kind are now as common as they are usefu
The »ibove and many other means and methods <
improvement have rendered the agriculture of th
present period as much superior to that of our at
cestors, as the architecture of a palace or a tempi
exceeds that of the wigwam of the savage, or th
lou-hutof the first settler in the wilderness.

THE DORIC PIREPI.ACE.

We have intended ibr some days to call a
tentiou to this new improvement upon stoves, f<
such in fact it is, though combining with a vei
tasteful form, all the cheerfulness of an open fir
place.

This invention, which is particularly adapt*
for the use of Anthracite coal, is certainly superii
to any contrivance we have yet seen, but we a
not prepared to say that the great desideratum h
been yet attained, though a slight alteration in tl
"Doric Fireplace" might accomplish it. — It is
convert the rectangular chamber on the top oft
sto»e into a permanent reservoir for water, and th
piesentas broad asnrfacc forevaporation as possil)

It is only in the apartment where free evapoi
iion is continually going forward that the use
Anthracite coal, or of an iron stove, ceases to
injurious to health. If any one doubts this frt
neither bis head or bis lungs being sensibly afiw
ed by this dry deleterious beat, let him but '
Ihe test of touch, and the parched feeling of
skin will sufticiently indicate that some mei
should be adopted for reinforcing the atmosiihq
with anew supidy of Hydrogen.

People who read the Penny Magazine, and stu
Dr. Combe's " Principles of Philosophy," v
some of these days find out that bad air is at le
as injurious to health as bad water; and that I
air may be created in other ways than by the ef
via of decomposing matter — that comfort in w

VOL,. XHI. NO. 83

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

179

!er is not secured l)y wnrmth alone — and that
health is of more importance even tlian economy.
Haii Count Rnmford been born in this age of An-
ihracitc, he would soon have reconciled all these
difficulties. — JVtw York American.

From the Southern AgriaiUuralist.
ASHES OP SALT MARSH AS A MANURE.

It wouIiI be very idle, at this time of day, to
ay to the putilic that manure is an improver of
!»nd, and that we should attend to this in our Jlg-
icultural country ; but it may not be useless to
loint out one of the most abundant sources of ma-
lure in this country, wliich has been almost, if not
{together neglected.

In Holland, and the neighboring countries a rna-
ure is prepared of such a value that it is a very
onsiderable article of commerce, and is transported
ven by land carriage, to a very great distance,
robablo one hundred miles or more. A proof of
le value of this manure is, that it has been in use
id thus c.uried abroad for a cintury, or probably
inucli longer period, and that it stiil continues to
3 used more and more extensively. Another
roof of its value is that a i)erson in the Nether-
nds has lately formed an establishment to com-
junda manure in imitation of the " Dutch ashes,"
lie mannre here alluded to) and has obtained a
itent. His compound is made of refuse bitumi-
)us pit-coal with common salt, and I think car-
)nate of lime. These ingredients being reduced
a coarse powder are made into something, in the
rm of bricks and burnt, when it readily falls to
iwder :i^:un, and thus forms the imitation of the
Dutch ashes," and he even pretends that the iin-
oving properties of his ashes are superior to
ose of nis model. The " Dutch ashes," called,
Fraiii-c, " Cendres de mer," (sea-ashes) are pro-
ired by binning peat which is salt or brackish.
ieseasii,-s are found very beneficial in most kinds
crops, and are, as I have stated above, carried
a very great distance, perhaps to a greater than
y other manure in any part of the world. This
an indMiiitable proof of the very iiigh estima-
n in which it is held. Now, I have said that we
ve most abundantly the materials for it.
What is the peat which is so valuable in Hol-
id, ami irj what does it differ from our scdt marsh?
seems ,.. me that the peat of Holland was once
t-mar.-ii, like those every where on low flat lands
rdering on the sea, and that the greater decom-
iition of the vegetable matter that composes it
I be the only, or at least, the chief difference
ween iliem. Now, it is very doubtful whether
8 peat IS superior to newer salt-marsh for the
rpose II being converted into ashes for agricul-
al u»os. The salt-marshes contain the same
;etal)li- and animal matter, the same earths, salt,
ills, &r. as are most probably to be found in tlie
Hand p,at. We have, then, on our sea-board,
1 for a . oiisiderable distance inland, a most in-
iiausti, .; source, not only of manure, but of
alth, I tJie enterprising persons who would
ke it ;. ■ .usinessto dig and burn this matter, and
lusaml- of boat loads might be sent yearly as
,li up . .,■ country as the navigation of our ri\er
uld p^ 1 ,iit, or as far as our rail-roads may e.\-
fl. Si.iely, whatever is so highly valued in
rope I list possess a relative value here, and
at ca: ;.e more desirable in this country than to
der I.:;,- cultivated land more fertile, instead ot
ng til uil out as old fields, which are a disgrace
iny ag. icnltural country ? Situated as I urn in

the centre of the State, it is distressing to witness
llie continual emigration of our citizens to the new
Slates, by which the ])iosperity, the wealth and
welfare of the State must necessarily be impair-
ed. With all the means within ourselves of
rendering our country a real earthly paradise,
shall We suffer it to become a desert? Will
no patriotic gentleman make some exertions to
|)rcvent this by giving the most valuable exam-
ple by which they, their posterity, and their coun-
try ;nay be not only saved Irom nearly utter ruin ;
but improved in wealth, population and power?
Our climate and country are generally healthy,
some of our soil is very fertile, the whole suscepl
tible of improvement, and, to attain this most im-
portant object, scarcely any thing more is n'eces-
.sary than to will it. 1 assert it without fear of ef-
ficient contradiction, thai the territory of South
Carolina, by its aptitude for agriculture and com-
merce, is, or may be rendered adequate to the sup-
port, in abundance and happiness, of a population
at least tenfold its present one — and yet it is suffer-
ed to dwindle to a mere wilderness.

I am, very respectfully, N. Hereemont.

A NOEIiE SENTIMENT.

The more I am acr|iiainted with agricultural af-
fairs, the better I am pleased with them ; insomuch
that I can nowhere find so great satisfaction as in
those innocent and useful i)ursnits. In indulging
these feelings I am led to reflect how much tnore
delightful to an uiulebauched mind is the task of
making improvements on the earth, than all the
vain glory which can be acquired from ravaging it

by the most uninterrupted career of conquests

ffashincrton's Letters to .fhtltur Yountr.

COMMUNICATION.

For ttie New Engtand Farmer.
HOG PENS.
It is a trite, though no less true remark, that
" experience is the best teacher of loisdom." In no
respect is this more true than in the planning and
construction ofdwelling-houses, barns, &c. There
is scarcely any one, who, after the most deliberate
reflection and consultation, has erected a house,
barn or any other building, who cannot, upon use,
see something that might have been made better or
more convenient — and something that he would
alter or amend if he could. Man's judgment is
not perfect, nor never can be. We can scarcely
go into the smallest dwelling-house, — even "the
lowly cottage,"_or visit the smallest farming
premises, where we cannot see some convenience
not common to others ;— and some domestic ar-
rangement, which might be copied l)y others with
advantage. It is thus, by combining the greatest
i/unil)er of the conveniences of others, about onr
premises, that "the greatest happiness of the
greatest number" will be promoted.

In no respect is there need of more improve-
ment in the arrangement and construction of the
out-buildings of the farmers in this vicinity, than
in that of Hog Pens. I have often regretted to
see very lady and gentleman-like appearin'g hogs,
with their numerous offspring around them, whose
sweet and melodious voices, — particularly just be-
fore dinner, — indicated a remarkable propensity
(as a phrenologist would say) losing, compelled to
mliabit premises, in which every thing but com-
fort and convenience seemed to be united. With-
out even a bed of straw, with a dirty place to take
their food, and without any place in which they

could exercise the business of "furrow-turners,"
an employment so congenial to their health and so
agreeable to their feelings. I could not but feel
sorry that so respectable and useful a race of ani-
mals, as the whole-hog family are generally consid-
ered, were nut provided with quarters more con-
venient, pleasant and profilalile.

Many years since, when 1 vv.ns a mere tyro in
the business of farming (and 1 now feel great want
of skill in that occupation), an old gentleman re-
marked to me that " hogs ought to wor/c erwugh to
pay for their keeping." Hogs woi-k ! thought I,
the man must be crazy, — or does he mean to have
them labor on the tread-mill ! Ent time and ex-
perience have learned me, that by providing hogs
with a plenty of muck, turf, &c. they will, at least
pay much towards their keeping, by the manure
of the best quality, which they \v\\\ mamfacturc,
— and that too, without the aid of any kind of
machinery or any water power, steam power, or any
other power, but hog power.

Having had occasion, recently, to construct a
bog pen, in which I believe there is at least one
improvement, I will describe it for the benefit of
my brother flirmers, and the good of all poik eat-
ers and pork makers in general — hoping' and be-
lieviiig that for these my iihihaiibroiiic efforts in
the swinish cause, I shall, at least, receive a vole
of thanks (an honor conferred on manv others be-
fore me) from the innumerable 'nog multitude, with
which our country abounds.

The aforesaid hogpen ig 21 feet long by 18
feet wide, with posts 8 feet long, which gives room
for a chamber above, from which, by a board left
loose for the jiuriiose in llie floor, the hogs can be
fed wish corn, aiul ii; the snnmier with |)otatoep,
&c. that may be put away there, without much
labor. Ten feet across one side is occujiied with
3 pens, — and each pen has a yard in the rear
(an indispensable I consider it) in which the raw
material is manufactured into first rate manure.
Rut what I consider the improvement is in first
placing down the slee|)ers, then the floor, and then
the sills on the top ofthefoor. Kach pen is hoard-
ed inside as well as out: and here is the advan-
tage, that notwithstanding the continual wet of a
hog pen, the sills being above the floor, they aro
kept dry and free from decay.

The great difficulty with hog pens is that the
sills rot so quick. By my plan a new floor can be
laid, and I cannot see why my hog pen will not
last as long as any other building.

The remaining part of it, not occupied by the
pens, into whicli an extrriial door opens, is occu-
pied by a cauldron fur cooking potatoes, &c. for
my hog family, and by swill barrels, provender
casks, and the usual et'ceirras of a hog pen. The
floor of tlio part not occupied by the hogs, is 9
inches above the other part, which makes it dry,
and affords a handy jdace to feed tbtm. One
corner of each of the 3 liog apartments is devoted
exclusively for their lodging, — which is constantly
supplied with dry straw, to the no small comfort
of my porkers, young and old.

If the above description shall conduce, in any
small degree, to the better and more convenient
construction of the hog [lens of my brother far-
mers,— or to the comfort, and consequently ty
the growth and fattening of iliat very necessary
appendage to a farm, — short-nosed, short-cared,
short-legged and broad-backed swine, then my pur- .
pose will be fully answered. Farmer C.

Bernardston, [Mass.] Dec. 2, 1834.

180

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 17, 1834.

From the Colimhin. (S. C.J Centinel. j
WINTERING SHEEP.

The season has arrived when sheep require a
nttle of our time and attention. If tliese are now
bestowed with subsequent ordinary care, sheep will
pass throu!;h the winter with trifling loss, and
much to our advantage. For want of attention al
this season of the year, I have seen large flocks
almost entirely destroyed, while their owners
blamed their had luck, but not their bad manage-
ment. Sheep, to do well through the winter, must
be in good condition when they begin it. If tliey
are so, they pass through it without difficulty ; but
if thev are poor at this season, good provender and
a regular supply of it, will not ensure them well
through. To see then that our slieep have been well
taken care of during the summer and fell, is an
important step with the former, and which would
be a great saving both in sheep and fodder. It is
wrong to permit them to ramble over the fields la-
ter than about the first of December, because at that
time there is little nutriment in the scanty herbage
on which they feed, and the grass itself had better
remain on the stem, to protect it during tlie frost
and wi;ids of winter, and prepare it for an eaidy
and vigorous growth in the spring ; besides, as the
supply" to the animal is small and innutritious
there is great danger that there will be a falling oft
in its flesh, which it can illy spare, and which, to
its subsequent existence, it is so necessary it should

retain.

I have frequently Chought that an open Decem-
ber, which is so often J^ished for by the farmer to
save his winter's supply of hay, is more prejndicia
to his sheep, when they ranible over the fields and
to his interest, than he is generally aware of. It
would certainlv comport more with real economy
if he were to bring up his sheep by the 10th ol
December in winter quarters, even if the weather
should remain warm and the ground uncovered.
If they lose flesh at this time, they cannot regain
it until spring, and the mortality which some-
times costs flocks of sheep is Imimtable to this cause.

Sheep in winter should have sheds; the preser

sheep, and if there are any in the flock that do not
subsequently do well, they should be removed m
to what is commonly called the hospital. These
hospital sheep, by being few in number, having a
good warm shed,' a sheaf of oats, or a few screen-
ings from under the fanning mill, once a day, will
soon begin to improve and do well. I have had
my hospital sheep in a better condition with this
care by Rpiing,lhan any other flock, and I must say,
that for the last three seasons, ray shee|) were in a
better condition when I turned them out of my
yard in the spring, than when 1 put them in at the
beginning of winter.

Sheep ought to be rather sparingly than sump-
tuously fed, three times a day, out of racks, to pre-
vent them from running over and trampling on the
hay. As soon as one is seen in any of the flocks to
become thin, it ought to be removed at. once into
the hospital, where it will be better fed. If you
neglect to do this, soon' will it be too late, and you
will sufler loss, for a sheep once reduced to a certain
point cannot be recovered. It is good to give them
a feeding of straw, or pine tops, if you jilease ; it
invigorates their health, and makes a change in
their food. They ought all to be daily watered,
and if your hay has not been salted, they ought to
have a lick of salt occasionally. By adopting these
rules, vou will save all your sheep ; or you will
not lose more of them than you would of the same
number of horses and cattle. They will have no
disease among them. I have often thought of an
observation made to me by an experienced wool
"•rower, from whom I asked for information of the
disease of sheep : he answered : " What have you
to do with the diseases of sheep ? take care of them,
and you will have no need for remedies." This
observation struck me as strange at the time, but
subsequent eiperience has amply confirmed it.

And now, what will the farmer, gain by keeping
his sheep well ? In the first place, he will gain
in his hay— a fat sheep will not eat as much as a
poor one ; he will save all his grain— sheep in good
condition do not require any. In the nest place,
he will save all his sheep— he will have more and

by that of deaths, is a characteristic sign of a state
of barbarism. In the former case, as men in a
mass reach the plenitude of their physical and so-
cial development, the population is strong, mtelli-
.rent, and manly ; wliile it remains in perpetua
infancy, whole generations are swept oft withou
being able to profit by the past,— to bring socia
ecouomy to perfection.— P/n7o5op^iKa^ Journal.

Sheen in winter should have snens; uic ,..co.,.- i,e win save u.i .,i=i.u<;^^ ■■ -•-

vation of their health requires this indulgence, and i,et,er lambs in the spring, and in consequence oi
r . 1- ;ci>o,; liMve t IP •.. i.„ „,;ii i,.,<,o cpvprn ounces of wool more to eacn

nature prompts to it. Let me ask, if they have the
choice, do they remain in the open air in a storm .
No— they as instinctively run to their covering, as
a man does to his house, and if they do not re-
quire it quite as much, they appear as grateful
for the shelter. For a flock of poor sheep a pro-
tection from the weather is all-important. Those
in good condition do not so much want it, as they
have a better coat, both of flesh and wool : but for
them it is likewise useful, and a good farmer will
not omit to give all the requisite shelter.

As soon as sheep are brought into the yard, tlie
d'lflTereut kinds of lambs, ewes and wfitliers, should
be c:a-efully separated; and kept during the winter
apart. It is important that those in one yard
should be as nearly of a size as practicable ; for by
doing so, there are no strong ones among them, U)
drive the weaker from their proveniler. All will
feed alike and do well. The flocks ought likewise
to be as small as we can conveniently make them.
It is an invariable rule that a small flock does
much better than a large one, even if both, accord-
ing to their number, are fed equally well. If the
flocks in each yard can be reduced to between fitty
and one-hundred, so much the better ; and it is a
great desideratum to make thein as few as fifty, if
it can in any way be efi'ectcd. It is likewise ncc-

it, he will have several ounces of wool more to each
sheep ;• and what is better than all the rest, he will
in the end save himself loss and anxiety. The
saving will at least be from one-eighth to one
fourth of the value of his flock, and all this by at-
tending to a necessary work in due season.

LIFE PROLONGED BV CIVILIZATION.

If we tiollect England, Germany, and France,
in one group, we find that the average term ol
mortality which in that great and populous region
was formerly one in 30 people annually, is not at
present more than one in 38. This diflerenee re-
duces the number of deaths throughout these tonn-
tries from 1,900,000 to less than 1,200,000 per-
sons ; and 700,000 lives, or one in eighty-three
annually, owe their preservation to the social anie-
lini-atiouseff'ected in the three countries of western
I'.urope whose eflbris to obtain this object have
been attended with the greatest success. The life
of man is thus not only embellished in its course
by the advancement of civilization, but is extend-
ed by it and rendered less doubtful. The eflects
of the aiueiioration of the social condition arc to
restrain and diminish, in projiortion to the popula-
tion, the annual number of births, and in a still
gree that of deaths ; on the contrary, a

i:;:-r:'.^;^S"ia r j;rr ;~; ;=lw j^^:;,™..... .- ...~ ..«=.=.

WOOL GROWERS' MEETING

The wool growers of Franklin county had

meeting at Shelburne Falls, Nov. 29th : Sylveste

Maxwell, chairman ; Urbane Hitchcock, clerk. I

committee reported several resolutions which wei

unanimously adopted. They resolved that the ■-

terest of the wool growers requires an effort

their part to guard themselves against the arts

speculation, which have been, and may again

put in practice ; that they approve of the transac

tions and resolves of a meeting lately held in Che

terfield, Hampshire comity ; that they are dispose

to co-operate with individuals and public bodi

in measures to obtain and diftuse the inlormati.

necessary to protect themselves and the pub

against the selfish and intriguing, who would mal

themselves rich at the expense of the honest ai

laborious former ; that the wool manufocturers c

take no exceptions at these sentiments and mei

ures, their prosperity depending much on the si

cess of those who supply the raw material. T

meeting chose Abel Williams of Ashfield, Geoi

T. Davis of Greenfield, Urbane Hitchcock of Ha

ley, David Denison of Colerain, and P. L. Cui

man of Bernardston, a committee to correspo

with committees of other bodies, and to coll

and circulate such information respecting the va

uf wool, as in their opinion shall be calculated

guard the growers against deception and impi

tion ; and the committee are requested to cal

meeting of the wool growers of Franklin cou

between this time and the first of May next

Hampshire Gazdte.

FOR HOUSEKEEPERS.

A short way to make old bread new, or better ti

neio— Bread that is several days old, may be

newed so as to "have all the freshness and lightn

of new bread, by simply imtting it into a comn

steamer over a fire, and steaming it half or th

quarters of an hour. The vessel under the stei

er containing the water, should not be more t

half full, otherwise the water may boil up into

steamer and wet the bread. After the brea<

thus steamed, it should be taken out oi the ste

er, and wrapped loosely in a cloth to dry and c

and remain so two or three hours, when it wil

ready to be cut and used. It will then be

cold new bread. By this process we may vi

such a change in old bread, as will make it it

respects new except in its deleterious qualitii

and thus at the same time gratify the taste,

subserve the purposes of health and econc

New bread, it is well known, cannot be eaten •

perfect impunity, until it has undergone the

cess of npfning— anil indeed physicians sa

ought not, as a general rule, to be eaten til

day after it is made. A way is pointed out afc

by which a taste for new bread may be grati

without exposure to injury.

We have received the above suggestions
an experienced housekeeper, who has often
the experiment, and, to our knowledge, with
plete success— and we publish it for the bene
others. — Springfield Gazette.

VOIi. Xtir. NO. 33.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

181

Froin the Baltimore Farmer 4" Gardener.
PUMPKINS.

, Frederick County, Mv. 21, 1834.

I HAVE deferred writing to you until «his time,
that I might be enabled to give you a more cor-
rect account of the crop of pumpkins raised by
Mr. H. of Selbock, tlian I could from my own re-
collection of what I had heard of it. The land
upon which this crop was raised, is alluvial, lying
upon the Monocacy river, and separated from the
main body of the farm by a long pond or swamp ;
the whole piece containing by estimate, 9 iicres, ii
acres of which are rendered unproductive by the
trees which closely surround it. It was all in the
spring of the year prepared and planted in corn, in
drills 9 feet between the rows, and one half, or
about 4 acres, planted with pumpkin seed among
the corn, the residue was reserved for, i.ud sown
in turnip seed, in the space between the corn.
The yield of his puni|)kin crop was so great, as to
induce him to keep an exact account of it, and the
product was thirty-three ox cart and wagon loads,
containing 4427 large pumpkins, and one wagon
load of small and broken ones. The crop of corn
was estimated nt 70 bbls. or 350 bushels ; he made
no turnips "in consequence of having procured seed
that was neither turnip, radish nor cabbage seed,
as I to my sorrow experienced, having obtained
some of the same seed in Fredericktovvn.

There are none of our farmers, 1 believe, who
are ignorant of the value of puujpkins as food for
cattle, or who do not know that they may be easi-
ly raised ajnong their corn in nearly as great abun-
dance, as if they were the sole possessors of the
soil, without subtracting one iota from the product
of the corn crop, yet how many are tlieri; who
raise them for the purpose of feeding cattle, or for
any other purpose ? All soils that wiM yield 5 or
6 bbls. per acre, will produce fine pumpkins, and
no crop can be cultivated, gathered and preserved,
with so little expense and trouble. The cost of
seed is too trifling to be estimated, the cultivation
of the corn among which they grow, is all the care
they require while growing, and when ripe you
pick them up ready for use ; of what crop can the
same be said ? Our wheat, rye, tobacco and oats,
demand undivided possession of the soil, and of
care in their culture, and when they have attained
their maturity, require much labor and expense
before we can avail ourselves of the fruits of our
labor ; the grain nuist be cut and threshed ; the
tobacco, cut, housed and fired, stripped, hulked
and packed, and the roots dug ; 'while all the care
and trouble the pumpkin asks, is, that you cast the
seed in the ground in the spring of the year, and
in the proper season pick up the golden fruit ready
for use. The ease with which they may be pro-
duced, is not their .only reconnnendation ; every
thing, biped and quadruped, will eat and grow fat
- on them — hogs, horses and cattle, geese, ducks,
turkies and chickens, even fastidious man.

The care they require to preserve them is in
keeping with their other qualities, thrown in a
heap in a shed, or on a barn floor with a covering
of straw or other loose litter, to protect them from
the frost, and they will, keep like apples, furnish-
ing you with delicious food for your stock of all
kinds for one-third of the year, and at the very
time they most <fant it, from December to the be-
ginning of March.

Will our farmers who have not tried them be
induced to make the experiment ? I fear not — we
are all too prone to travel the same road our fore-

fathers trod, and to cultivate the same crops in the
same manner, that we have been accustomed to
see and practise from our boyhood.

I will save all the pumpkin seed I can, and send
you what I may have to spare, and will also en-
deavor to procure you soine from Mr. H.

You are at liberty to make what use you think
proper of any part of this scrawl, with the exception
of my namCjWhich 1 would rather should not appear.

ORCHARDS AROUND FARM HOUSES.

It is expedient that every farm shoidd have
some portion of orchard ground attached to it.
The most convenient and guarded situation for it
is immediately behind the house, so that the back
kitchen door may open into it. It tnatters not
whether it be on the north or any other side of
the building. Many think that an erchard should
be in n low sheltered spot, but this is a serious mis-
take. Fruit trees succeed best in a moderate high
and open situation. Shelter from wind is certainly
necessary, but this protection must be obtained oth-
erwise than by planting in a dell. A deep mellow
loam is most suitable for an orchard. It does not
require to be richly manured, provided it is fresh,
unexhausted, and sufficiently dry. Whether the
subsoil be gravel or stone, provided such beds be
not too near the surface, it will be no detriment to
the trees ; but if of a tenacious clay, wliieh is re-
tentive of moisture, then draining must be resorted
to, in order to free the soil from a supeifluous
Uioisture. This must bo done effectually, other-
wise it will ever be a subject of regret to the
planter. A sloping surface is better for all i)lants
than a deail level, not because a heavy or long
continued rain or melted snow runs off the sooner,
but because that portion of it which sinks into the
ground gradually passes downward in an under-
current, leaving.no portion to stagnate in any one
place, and to become prejudicial to the roots.
The most profitable kind of orchard is that which
contains all kinds of hardy fruit trees and bushes,
and where the land is solely appropriated to that
pm-pose. This kind resembles gardening more
than farming, and is therefore unsuitable to large
farms, but quite applicable to small ones, to which
an acre of orchard, requiring no horse labor, would
be of essential benefit. In such orchards, half
standard apples are planted in rows eighteen feet
from each other, the trees being twelve feet apart.
In the same line with the apple trees are planted
either gooseberries or currant bushes, or what
sometimes pay equally well, filberts. The latter
are not allowed to riseliigher than about four feet,
and are kept spurred in, exactly like the white cur-
rants. Gooseberries gathered green for tarts pay
the farmer better than when ripe, and are not
nearly so troublesome in the carriage to market.
As such an orchard is not to be grazed, two feet
of the soil on each side of the rows is kept bare,
and always free from weeds. On this a quantity
of rotten dung may be laid every winter, and raked
off in the spring, upon the intermediate strijis of
ground to be planted with potatoes, or sown with
onions, turnips, scarlet runners, or any other crop
which the cultivator can most advantageously dis-
pose of in Ids neighborhood. The earliest and
surest bearing api)les should be preferred. A few
of the earliest pears may be mixed, as the Petit
Muscat. The most hardy and profitable kind of
plum for a farm orchard is the cotnmon damson, it
being always in request for baking, preserving, or
for wine making. — Jour. Agr.

TIME OP GERMINATINCi.

Some seeds, such as those of the cofi'cc plant,
require to be sown immediately on being gather-
ed, otherwise the nutrient matters contained in
the shell become too hard to be dissolved in water.
Others, as holly berries, require to he kept for
about twelve months to mellow. It is said, and I
believe in inany instances proved, that seeds, such
as those of balsam, if kept for several years, are
more apt to produce double flowers, in conse-
quence, it would appear, of their imtrient matter
being more condensed.

The period between sowing and germinating is
very diflerent according to species. Mustard, for
example, will germinate in one day, or less, if
stimulated with chlorine ; cress in two days ; tur-
nips in three days ; lettuce in four days ; parsley
in about six weeks or two months ; the peach in
one year ; and the rose and filbert in two years.

It has been proved by experiment that seeds
gathered before they are quite ripe, germinate
sooner than very ripe ones, obviously because the
nutrient matter is less hard and more easily di-
luted with water ; and on the same principle, I
have proved by experiment that potatoes when
saved green for planting and kept in bran, will
come several weeks earlier than others. It would
be worth trying the roots of the dahlia and marvel
pf Pern on the same principle. Though seeds
when gathered before they are quite ripe germin-
ate sooner, it does not follow that they will pro-
duce the best plants. — Rennie.

From the Sorithern Agriculturist,
DESTROYING TREES IN STREETS.

However much King-street may be iujproved iu
appearance by the removal of the trees, which grew
near the side walks, there is good reason to doubt
whether this policy should be extended. Vege-
tation is the only known means for destroying car-
bon'.c acid gas, and this gas is produced in im-
mense quantities whenever the population is dense.
It is deleterious, and nature restores the purity of
the air which it injures, by means of vegetation.

Sir Humphrey Davy says, " carbonic acid is
formed in a variety of processes of fermentation
and combustion, and in the respiration of animals,
and as'yet no other process is known in nature, by
which it can be consunjed, except vegetation."

On philosophical principles, it is very probable
the numerous trees and gardens in Charleston,
have contributed very much to the purity of its
air, and the health of its inhabitants. On the same
principles, it is probable, that the destruction of
trees, &c. would be attended with an opposite con-

sequence.

B.

CORN SHEI.I.ER.

The Free Press states that Mr. A. L. Norcross
of Hallowell, has invented a machine to shell corn,
which is superior to any thing else of the kind, in
its simplicity, cheapness and thorough operation.
Its cost is but $3, consisting of but one wheel 3
feet in diameter, and a cyliniler one foot in diame-
ter with a fender attached to one side of it. A boy
12 years old can work the tnachine with perfect
ease, and thoroughly strip the ears of corn as fast
as they can be dropped in one by one. — The Age.

Rice Griddle Cake. — Boil one large cup of whole
rice quite soft in milk, and while hot stir ina little
flour, rice flour or Indian meal ; when cold add
two or three eggs and a little salt. Bake in small
thin cakes on the griddle. ^

182

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 17, 1834.

NKW KIVGLANl) FARMEK.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DEC. 17, 1834.

"■ —

^i Communication from the Hon. Samuel Lathrop, re-
ceived too late for insertion in tUis paper, shall appear in
cur next.

Wk have many highly respected friends who with the
good of the Public in view in disseminating knowledge
of so much importance to the largest class of our coun-
trymen, have aided us in recommending our Farmer to
notice, and contributors to whom we are much indebted,
for the past, and whose continued kindness in recom-
mending it to their friends is asked for the future.

We have recently improved our typography, and have
in view further improvements. We have also recently
had an accession of subscribers, and have in view many
.laore to commence with the first of January.

.Members of the Legislature who are subscribers to the
N. E. Farmer, will oblige us if they will suggest to their
civil brethren this paper as one of their complement dur-
ing the session, whereby many advantages would accrue
to us, and we hope to the public.

FARMER'S WORK FOR DECEMBER.

TuERF. is uo part of farm management, which requires
more skill and attention than that of feeding cattle and
other domestic animals. Regularity with regard as well
to the time in which they receive their meals as to tlie
<]wantity given at each meal is of great consequence. If
cattle or swine miss their customary allowance they will
pine and fiet away their Hesh at a rate which a person,
unaccustomed to this branch of economy would not an-
ticipate.

It is important that your store cattle, as well as tliose
intended for the butcher should be kept in a thltving
slate. Whether their progress in growth or fatness be
blow or fast it should never be intermitted. If the ojii-
mals remain stationary, you lose your time, and the in-
terest of what they are worth. Nor is this all. By ir-
regularity and inequality in feeding you injure the health
and constitution of your cattle, and in' such a case no
manngement can make them profitable stock either for
keeping on hand, or preparing for the butcher Feeding
cattle may be compared to rowing a boat against a cur-
rent ; if you miss a stroke or two, you not only cease to
advance but are driven backwards. Three times a day,
precisely at a certain hour, according to Mr. Lawrence
ouglit to be the regular allowance.

With regard to feeding cattle the proverb well applies
"There is that withholdeth more than is meet, but
it lendeth to povert)'." "Cattle," said Dr. Deane,
"are more liable to be pinched with cold in December
and January than afterwards. And no man knows how
favorable the latter part of the season may be. Ad van.
tage also, in some cases, maj' be made of browsing in the
latter more than in the former part of the winter as the
buds then begin to swell, and the twigs have more sap
in them than before."

" Neat cattle and horses (says the same writer), should
not have so much laid before them at once as will quite
serve to fill them. Tlie hay they have breathed on much
they will not eat up clean unless they are very hungry.
!'. is beet, therefore, to fodder Iheni twice at night, and
twice in the morning. Let neat cattle as well as horses
have both light and fresh air let in upon their fochler, and
when the weather is not too cold or stormy, allow the
windows to be open. What one sort of cattle leave
should be thrown to another sort. Those which chow
the cud will eat the leavings of those which do not, and
vice versa.

It is also well known to farmers, that what cattle leave

in the barn they will eat in the open air ; and most freely
when it is laid on clean snow. Not only this but the
meanest straw sliould be given them in this way. What
is left will help increase the manure in the yard."

Mr. Lawrence says, three times a day, precisely at tlic
commencement of a certain hour, ought to be the regu-
lar observance, and cattle, particularly if corn fed, re-
quire their fill of water. The easy, contented and im-
proving disposition of the cattle, and small waste of
provender attendant on this regularity, is a source of
constant satisfaction to the superintending proprietor.

" The golden rule respecting quantity is as much as a
beast can eat with a vigorous appetite ; all beyond that
important criterion is so much lost to the proprietor, and
not improbably an impediment to the thrift of the animal.
Here is the foundation of a good argument for the re-
moval of that which the animal leaves, that it may not
be left to disgust him and to pall his appetite. I would
advise no feeder to trust to a certain vague notion that
fattening cattle may be safely and advantageously reduc-
ed from rich to indift'erent or even poor keeping. Fre-
quently any change is disadvantageous; but if any, it
surely ought to be progressive in the goodness of the
food. There is often, perhaps generally, a considerable
saving in the provision as the animals advance in fat-
ness ; but this relates chiefly to those which load them-
selves with internal fat.

" Cattle licking or rubbing themselves has been for-
merly held a bad sign ; on the contrary there can be no
doubt of its being an ineontestible proof of their thriving ;
the former notion seems to have arisen from the damage
they sometimes receive .from the quantity of hair and
dirt collected by the tongue from their hides, and which
may form hair balls in the stomach of dangerous conse-
quence. Hence the use of currying oxen, which are
confined from going into the cold air, of keeping them
perfectly clean, and their hides open, like those of horses
in ffood condition."

We are happy to lend every aid in our power to im-
prove the quality of our potatoes, a consummation as de-
voutly to be wished as improving our races of domestic
animals, or of any vegetable production, which can enter
into a course of correct culture.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

HORTICULTURAIi REGISTER AND GARDEN-
ER'S MAGAZINE.

We would refer our readers to another column of our
paper containing ))ioposals for a Magazine of Horticul-
ture, &c. which has been called for by those who are
exclusively HorticuUiirists, and to their especial benefit
it will be devoted. We prefer this course in prefereucp
to devoting a greater portion of the Farmer to horticul-
ture ; we shall, however, continue the present or nearly
the same proportion of Agriculture and Gardening, Flor-
iculture, &c. so that all the branches of culture shall
continue to be aided by the New England Farmer, and
its worth will be increased rather than diminislied.

The Monthly work proposed is recommended to Fam-
ilies as well as cultivators, as the study of Botany which
will be assisted by the work will be very soon an im-
portant one, and we will venture to predict that tlie time
will soon arrive when no young lady will be considered
accomplished without proficiency in the study.

NEW VARIETIES OF POTATOES.

We have received from Mr. George P. Thomas, Com-
mission Mirchant, Boston, two samples of very excellent
potatoes, of a quality we have never known exceeded
One of the varieties -of these potatoes is called the But-
man Potato^ and the other the Nonpareil Potato. The
latter is said to be a new variety, and the former we are
told, has been known lor a number of yeaj-s in the State
of Maine, from whence both samples were transmitted
to Mr. Thomas. They are both fine, but the Butman,
in particular, requires much care in. cooking to prevent
it from fallmg to pieces, and on that account it is said to
be better to cook them by steam than to boil them in
water.

Horticultural Rooms, Dec. 12, 1834.
Specimens of a very large and most beautiful apple,
by Thomas Whitmarsh, Esq. of Brookline, received by
him from the garden of Mr. Andrews of Salem. — The
form was round, inclining to oblong — the eye in a deep,
broad basin. — The form and size much resembling the
Reinette Blanche D'Espagne, — the color delicate yellow
or straw, throughout — without a particle of red. The
flavor good. These were the only specimens exhibited
to-day,— the season being far advanced.

For the Committee, William Kenrick.

ITEMS OP INTEI.L.IGENCE.

Mr. B. Otis, of this city, an artist favorably known,
has made two large paintings, representing the tempta-
tion of Adam, and the situation of our first parents after
tlieir expulsion from Paradise. He has managed the
subject with exceeding caution and skill, and presents
different times from those chosen by Dubufix-, and has
avoided \^'hat was especially exceptionable in the pic-
tures of the great foreign artist. The paintings have
been justly admired by those who are capable of judging
of the various circumsta.ices which go to make up good
pictures. They are now at the Masonic Hall, and will
for a short time be exhibited in this city. We would
enter a caveat against the supposition that these are cop-
ies of Dubuffe's ; they are not. The subject has been
under the pencil of various artists — none of them, we
believe, hM treated it exactly as Mr. Otis has done.

Swedish and Danish Watchmen. The watchmen of
Stockholm, like their brethren of Copenhagen, cry the
hours most lustily, and sing anthems almost all night, to
the no little annoyance of foreigners, who have been ac-
customed to confine their devotions to the day. These
important personages of the night, perambulate the town
with a curious weapon like a pitchfork, each side of the
fork having a spring barb, used in securing a running
thief by the leg. The use of it requires some skill and
practice, and constitutes no inconsiderable part of the
valuable art and mystery of thief-catching.

Going the entire "Fish." Last Monday, Mr. Ansel
Wright and two others of this town caught at the mouth
of Danks' Pond, at one haul, with a twenty-five foot net,
scrcii thousand two hundred Perch, or at five hauls, thirty
three btifliels, the three first hauls weighing one thousand
nine hundred nnd tirenty-fivc pounds! This beats old
Hadley folks all hollow. They must try again. — JVorth-
ampton Courier.

The New York Star says that there are in the New
York jail about twenty unfortunate prisoners, confined
for small debts, and have nothing but water allowed
them, and that too Manhattan water, — no wood, no bed,
no bread, and they subsist upon what tliey can beg from
day to day from their more fortunate brethren in adver-
sity.

jj Syren. Le Chameleon, a new French weekly pa-
per, states that a fisherman, at St. Vale'rysur Somrae has
caught one of the fish anciently called syrens. It is a
kind of seal, with the head and breast of a human form,
so tliat when half out of the water it exactly resembled a
woman.

Among the Almanacs for 1835, is the ' Comic Alma-
nac' with illustrations by Cruikshank ; also among the
Pennys is the ' Hat Almanac,' ' Paragon Almanac,' &c.

VOL. XIII. NO. 33.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

183

NEW ENCiLAIVO PARMER,
AKD HORTICUI.TURAI, JOURaTAl,.

The

above publication is continued with improvo-
ments by tlie Subscribers, and is devoted to Ao-ricuiture
Horticulture, Floriculture and Rural Economy.

The work is printed with a new and elegant type and
good paper in a quarto form ; paged, making a volume of
41(j pages a year, to which a copious index is furnished
gratis.

The value of the Farmer will be enhanced by an
increased correspondence with scientific and practical
caltivators, and with notices of experiments and details
of facts connected with Agriculture and its kindred
branches of Gardening, Orcharding, &c., and will be
made worthy a place in the library of every Gentleman
and Farmer.

Subscription price is $2.50 per annum in tuhanfe.

Boston Dec. 1834.

THOS. G. FESSENDEN,
GEO. C. BARRETT.

FHOSFECTXTS

OF THE

HOKTICULTURAI- REGISTER,

Slnti tSarlicncr's fHaaajinc.
To be conducted by Thomis G. Fessenden, aidec^by

CATALOGUE FOR 1«35.
Just published, a Catalosue of the NEW
ENGLAND SEED A.ND AGRICULTURAL
WAREHOUSE — comprising an unusual clioioe
collection of Garden and Flower Seeds, raised
ill llie Gardens connected wiili ihe Establiilnnenl.
The loilowing- from the preface e.xplanis the principles i)i
relerence lo which Ihe business will be condncled.

When the Agfimttwal Warehouse and New England Seed
Store was commenced, il was allogclher problematical wlielher
those engaged in the difierenl branches of rural economy would
give support to such an eslahlislimonl, and Ihe propriekirs in-
curred very considerable expense, as well as bestowed much
lime and e.ierlion to make il what the Farmers auo Gardeners
of New England very much needed, lo wit, a Reposilorv from
which could be obtained Seeds, &,c. which might be relied on
as irue lo their kind and of the best qualilv. The experience
and experiments of a series of years, enable us now lo give
assurance of satisfaction lo those who mav comm"iice or will
conlmue iheir patronage. We have complelod our aiilieipriled
arrangements in ihe seed deparlmenl in such a ina.nuc/ tUi'i we
are well assured of a full supply of seeds, raised umfcrour own
direction. We are Ihus placed in a condition lo supply seeds,
of warranted good quality ; and arrangements have been made
lo import from Europe those kinds which biil fairest lo he most
uselul, best adapted lo our soil and climate, and on which reli-
ance can be placed thai with proper treatment tliey will uolfail
to germinate.

fii a business of this description, il cannot be expected but
thai complaints will sometimes be made of seeds not vegetalino- ;
but candid men will allow that the fault is nol always in the
seed. The best seed may fail of coining up, on several accounts;
some kinds may be sown too early, and be chilled in the ground
iu dry seasons, by the burning rays of the sun — Ihev are often
eaten by worms and insects, and are frequenllv covered loo
deep in the earlh, particularly delicate flower seeds. The best
method of proving the qualiiy of Ihe seed is to sow a few in a
box of loose earlh, placed in a warm room, keeping the earth
moist. If the seed is good, il will vcgelale in a reasonable
lime. A quicker method is to roll up a few seeds in a quantity
oficet moss, which will soon delermine Ibeir character.

It was long before the business would warrant the expenses
now incurring; and it is for the public lo decide to what extern
Ibcy will give their patronage to an establishment conducted
on the principles, enjoying the advantages, and favored with
the prospects above mentioned.

This Catalogue cmtains 80 pages ; will be sent Gratis to
dealers, patrons and friends of the Establishment, and Orders
For articles contained therein will meet with prompt and faithful
GEO. C. BARRETT,
New England Seed Store, lloston.

allenlion.

HOLLIS- CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Spr.iins. Bruises, Wind-Galls, Old strains, Siilf joints

Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses th.it are strain- '
ed in the back sinews, wrung in the withers, &c.;
also for Glandular swellings of the Thioal.

The ingredients which compose this preparation have been
larcfully selected after many years experience, and are .-.ome
>f the most successful remedies united, correctly proportioned
ind happily adapted to afl'ord relief in all the above mentioned
:omplaints ; the proprietor feels assured Ihat when once this
irticle IS used, il will be preferred to any other, as it is decid-
edly the best and certainly the most convenienl article In use.

N. B. Persons alTlicied with Rheumaiism. Sprains. Cramp,
Vumbness, StitTness or Weak.icss in Ihe Joints, will find this
l^iniinent a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Drug.ost and
.^hemust. No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass. • ,

irTThe Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 73 cents. o2y

several Scientific and Practical Horticulturists

WITH EMBELLISHMENTS.

Thkre is a very considerable extent of meaning to the
word Horticulture,— and in our modern definition we
have included the branches of Gardening, of Orcharding
and the cultivation of Flowers ; it will therefore be ob-
vious that the title of the work proposed embraces arts of
culture of great and increasing importance. The study
of Botany has recently been made a part of the education
of children, and its advantages and pleasures will ensure
it increasing attention. As an assistance to acquiring
the taste for, and increasing the attention to, this delight-
ful study, the work proposed will be of much advantage.
It will be conducted after the manner of the London'
Horticultural Register, and of Loudon's Magazine. The
department of Horticulture, embracing more particularly
that of Fruits, will be aided by a gentleman of eminent
knowledge and correctness as to their nomenclature ;
and that of Vegetable Gardening, will be conducted by
the Editor. That of Floriculture by a professional Florist.
Orders are out for all the important Foreign Periodi-
cals, and from these will be made selections of all new
and important articles, with descriptions of new Fruits
and Flowers which may be brought into notice.

The work will be published monthly, on fine paper
octavo size, and contain forty pages each month with a
neat cover, and alforded at the low price of two doll.^rs
per annum. If sufficient encouragement be given, the
work, after the first volume, will be increased and ex-
pensive drawings introduced.

Suliserijitio/i papers will be found at the New Engtenfl
Farmer Office, at the bookstores of Russell, Odiorne &
Co. and Hilliard, Gray & Co., and at the counting room
of the Mercantile Journal, State Street, Boston, — and at
Geo. C. Thorburn's, 07 Liberty Street, N. York— Win.
M. Morrison's, Alexandria, D. C— Wra. Thorburn, Al-
bany, N. Y.— J. W. Foster, Portsmouth, N. H.— Jos.
Breck, Lancaster, Ms.— Messrs. Winships, Brighton, Ms.
— D. & C. Landreth's, 85 Chesnut Str. Philadelphia —
S. C. Parkhurst, Cincinnati, Ohio— Wm. Mann, Bangor,
Me. — E. Stedman, Newburyport, Ms.— James Green &.
Co., Worcester, Ms.— H. F. Green, Bellows Falls, Vt.
GEO. C. BARRETT,
New England Farmer Office, Boston

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODI
Corrected tvitb great care, weekly.

CI'

ash

Apples, russets, . . .

Beans, wdiite,

Beef, mess, (new) . . .
Cargo, No. 1 . . .

prime,

Beeswax, (American)
Butter, inspected. No, 1,
Cheese, new milk, , , .
skimmed milk, .
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese.
Flax, American,. . .
Flaxseed, none, . .
Flour, Genesee, . . .'

Baltimore, Howard str
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria, ....
Grain, Corn, northern yellow,
southern yellow,
white, . . .
Rye, Northern, , .

Barley

Oats, Northern, . (pri
Hay, best English,

Eastern screwed, . .
Hard pressed, , . .

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (new) . .

2d qilaiily
Lard, Boston, Istsort,

Southern, 1st sort, , .
Leather, Slaughter, sole, .
" upper,

Dry Hide, sole, .
" upper, ,

Philadelphia, sole,
lialtimore, sole,
best son . .
Mass. inspec, extra clea
Navy, Mess, ....
Bone, middlings, . .
Seeds, Herd's Grass (none)
Red Top, northern, .
Red Clover, northern, none
WhileDuloh Honeysuckle

^\\Ll,Bw, tried

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4tbs do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, . . .
-. f Pulled superfine,
5~ I Isl Lambs, . ■
l=^2d " ' . .
fe g. I 3d '•
^ ( 1st Spinning, . ,
Soathern pulled wool is generally
5 cts.less per lb.

Lime,
Pork,

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

pound
bushel
barrel

oushei

gallon
pound

pound

lb,
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

cwi

pound

*RoM
2 SO
1 S

7 50

6 50

17

14

8

40
SC

y

5 37
5 42

a .w

.") oU
7«
65
(,8
75
(12
37
IS 00

13 00

14 00
37
14
10

9
7
17
10
15
18
27
25

17 00

13 CO

8

2 25

75

6

26

7 00

60

50

45

35

32

38

50

4C

30

23

35

PROVISION MARKET,
retail prices.

A GARDENER

—Wants a Siuiallon — can produce the best recommendations
as regards his character and capacity. nov 19

FARM 'WANTED,

— Within 25 miles of Boston on a lease lor 5 years — containing
not less than 100 acres — one on the sea coast would be pieler-
rcd. Address B. M. ai N. E. Farmer olKcc, post paid,
decs 6t

FOR S.^LE OR TO LET.

A valuable farm situated in Medfurd, about five miles from
this city, well cnlculaied for a milk, vegetable and liuil farm.
For further particulars apply at this office. n. 17.

NOTICE.

Green House Frames and Sashes, — about five hundred
quaie Icct. — .Also a quaniiiv of pots. For sale. Appiv to G.
C. BARRETT, N. E. Farmer Office. Nov. 12,

SMYRNA SPRING WHEAT.

JnsT received a few Bushels of the above kind of Wheat
which will be found a valuable variety, having been tried two
years in New-England and yielding 65 Bushels one year and
50 Bushels the second year lo the acre. Farmers will please
call and see it. GEO. C. BARRETT.

Haw 3, northern,

southern.
Pork, whole hogs
Poultry, . . .
Butter, (tub) .
lump.

Eggs,

Potatoes, , .
CiDK.R, (new,)

pound

11

"

8

"

n

10

*<

14

*'

16

dozen

17

bushel

37

barrel

2 50

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Bee. 13, iyo4.
Reporteil for the Daily Advertiserand Palriol.

At market G40 beef cattle, 80 stores, I2i10 slieep, anJ 150
swine. Ail the stores and swjijc have hceii before reported.

Prices. Bee/Cattle — An unusual proportion ofllie best
qualities were ai market, some of which remain unsold, a small
advance was cfictted. We noticed one }oke cxtuimclinaiy
fine, taken at 3l2s Gd, and one yoke at 33s — we quote prime el
28s 6d a 3Is 6d ; good at 26 a'28s 6d ; cows at :2J a 27s 9d.

BarreUins: Cattle — A few lots were taken Pi 24 a 25s for
mess ; No."l,21 a 22s,

.S/terp— Sales of lots were effected at 12s 9d, 13s Gd, 14s,
I5s and 16s 6d •, two lots of GOO in all were held at ^3 each,
sale nol effected.

^wine. — We noticed no sale ot lots; a few were retailed al
3 lor -^ows and tl for harrov^s.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

200 bo.xes very tlnck— for sale by LORING & KUPFER,

Im sep 3

No. 10 Merchant's Row.

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES.

The subscriber is now prep:ircd to receive orders tor trees
for fall setting out, and llie be-l attention wiil he paid to oideF.s
Uy mail or otherwise. Catologues lo be had ^aijs upmi^ap-
plication. '-"-■^^ '^ .T,^^

lo uu iiat-i ^rciiis upon a]

GEO. C. B.-VRRETT.

ENGLAND FARMER

DECEMBER IT, 1834.

MISCELLANY

The last number of ihe Edinburgh Rbv,<.w conlan.s .ome
critical remarks on Poems, written By a meehanic, commonly
caledtlie Sheffield Brazier. The following cvlracl or com-
parisot'of ^,e outward and visible glories of the Creator, ,s
eminently fervid and beautiful.

" God said, ' Let there be light !'
Grim darkness felt His might,

And fled away ;
Then, startled seas, and mountains cold
Shone forth, all bright in blue and gold,

And cried, ' 'Tis day ! 'lis day !'
' Hail, holy Light '.' exclaim'd
The thund'rons cloud that flam'd

O'er daisies white ;
And lo, the rose, in crimson dress'd,
Lean'd sweetly on the lily's breast,
And, blushing, murmur'd, ' Light !'
Then was the skylark born ;
Then rose the embattled corn ;
Then floods of praise
Flow'd o'er the sunny hills of noon ;
And then, in stillest night, the moon
Pour'd forth her pensive lays.
Lo, heaven's bright bow is glad '.
Lo, trees and flowers, all clad
In glory, bloom!
And shall the mortal sons of God
Be senseless as the trodden clod,
And darker than the tomb ?
No. by the mind of man!
By the swart artisan !
By Gou, our sire!
Our souls have holy light within.
And every form of grief and sin
Shall see and fee! its fire.
By earth, and hell, and heav'n,
The shroud of souls is riven!
Mind, mind alone,
Ls light, and hope, and life, and power!
Earth's deepest night, from this blest hour.
The night of minds, is gone !

James Eastman, the thief who tried to escape
up the chimney, and was stopped by the grate,
must liave found it a great bar to his rising.

In classing birds, we should say weather-cocks
are meant for the church; but Mns are decidedly
the Jos-subjects of the state. — 17. S. Gaz.

Dr Franklin, endeavoring to kill a turkey by an
electric shock, received the whole battery himself,
when he good-naturedly observed, that, instead of
killing a turkey, he had nearly put an end to the
existence of a goose.

1.AC01VICS.

An atictioneer ought to be by nature strong ; for,
though only one man, he is often called upon to
knock down a lot.

Spring is welcome to the trees, because they
are re-leaved by its approach.

Those persons who are in business the most
sharp, usually get the most blunt.

All blood may bo said to be useless, which is in

vein.

It is remarkable that in music those strains
please the most, which are allowed to be dull set.

The trade of a blacksmith, is one of little labor
to himself, inasmuch as most of his work is done
by a vice.

A statesman begins to lower himself when he
consents to be hired by others.

The additional day to February once in four
years, seems very naturally to increase the spring
necessary to a leap year.

All persons who can defer their laughter until
convenient time, should be taken to the Humane
Society "s extraordinary cases of " .suspended ani-
mation."

Those damsels who admire miistachios, must be
onsincere in saying they di.slike hair lips.

When people have red hands, they should al-
ways play at loo, as every thing is gained at that
game by a palmjiush.

Pugilists begin their battles from a paradox ; for
ihey stand up and "fall to."

From the Hancock Advertiser.
THE IiONG EVENINGS.

Now come the long evenings, and their employ-
ments and amusements. Females, especially, find
enough to do. How much truth is in the saying,
that " JVomen's work is never done." Who ever
considered the number of stitches in a pair of
stockings, or a shirt, without trembling lest a gen-
eral mutiny among females, might leave him to
tremble, or at least to shiver still worse ? And yet
the fingers of our industrious help-meets, and
daughters, and sisters, seldom tire.

Cannot some ingenious female— for ingenuity is
not confined to one sex— devise a seamless shirt,
with its gussets and wristbands, and collar, and
selvages, as durable as hemming?

Every " better half," immense as the labor is,
prides herself on thinking that she could never do
too much towards making good garments for man.
Now is it not in our power to relieve her if she
cannot relieve herself, from some of this labor ?
Not by getting around the chimney fire-place,
mornings and evenings, and by the light of a little
pine fuel, put our own hands to the spindle and
» take hold of the distaff," as do the men in some
parts of Austria ; but by devising machinery for
sewing and knitting by steam. ^

The following curious article is from Hones
Every Day Book ; and may amuse, if it should not
instruct. It purports to give the number of stitch-
es made by " my aunt," in a " plain shirt for her

grandfather." __ . ;

° Stitches.

Stitching the collar, four rows, - 3,000

Sewing the ends, - - ?""

Button holes, and sewing on buttons, 150
Sewing on collar, and gathering the neck, 1,204

Stitching wristbands, - - 1,228

Sewing the ends, - " "°

Button holes, - - " ^^^

Hemming the slits, - - ^64

Gathering the sleeves, - - 840

Setting on wristbands, • - - 1,468

Stitching shoulder straps, 3 rows each, 1,880

Hemming the neck, - " 390

Sewing the sleeves, - " l.,554

Setting in sleeves and gussets, - 3,050

Taping tlic sleeves, - " 1,626

Sewing the seams, - " ^^^

Setting side gussets, - ' ■*-■*

Hemming the bottom, - " i,iu-i

FALLi GOODS.

ELIAK STONE BREWER, No. 4U Washington Street,
(South end) has just received a complete assortment ol
fJuJ niter Goods, from New York Auctions, consisting
ofthe following varieties, viz.;— ru ri

1 case ..I superfine London Broadcloths, <'°ff'°S°('^^^°l-
lowing sha,les%f colors, viz.-drakeneck, »de'»!f\'"^ '^^''^l
eieen olive, olive brown, russet brown, blue black, &.C. One
case common do. suitable for children's wear.

1 case Cassimeres,
1 do. Satiinels,
1 do. Petershams,
1 bale printed Hocking,
1 do. plain do.
g bales cotton Carpeting, of su-
perior quality,
1 bale sup. French Flannels,

1 do. do. Welch do. warrant-
ed not to shrink in washing.

1 bale 4-1 English do.

1 do. 6-4 do. do.

1 do common do. American.

4 do. Angola do. a superior
article, and warranted not
to shiiiik in washing.

5 bales of white Domets, at 20
cents per yard.

5 do. yellow do. at 20 cts.per

yard .
3 do. red Salisbury Flannels,
5 do. vellow do. do.
1 do. "superior French cotton

IJIankets,
1 do. London superior do.
1 do. common do. i

1 do superior Marseilles Quilts

0 do. knotied do. do.

1 do. b-+ French Merinos,

1 do. do. English do.

2 ca''**s 3-4 do. do.
500 pieces Circassians, assort-
ed colors,

1 case Scotch Plaid, Isl quality

1 do. do. do. common, at
12 1-i cents per yard.

50 pieces cherry, pink, crim-
son, &c.

ItalianeU, atl2 1-2ctsperyd.

1 bale Hearth Rugs,
25doz. woollen Comforters,
10 do. Homan's Cravats,

ladies' and children's
woollen Capes,
30 bales brown and white cot-
ton Hdkfs.

1 do. Suffolk Drillings,
5 do. Russia Diaper, of a very

superior quality,

2 do. 4-i Burlaps,
case Athenian Camlet, an

excellent article for ladies'
Habits, Cloaks, &c.
Nov.&.

Total number,

20,646

A COMMON CHARACTER.

"There are certain ladies (says Hannah More)
who, from being faithful or frugal are reckoned
excellent wires, and who indeed make a man every
thing but happy. They acquit themselves, perhaps
in the great points of duty, but in so ungracious a
a way as clearly proves they do not find their
pleasure in it. Lest in account of merit they
should run too high, they allow themselves to be
unpleasant in proportion as they are useful, not
considering thai it is almost the worst sort of do-
mestic immorality to be disagreeable.

1 case Athenian Cassimeres,
suitable for ladies' Habits,
Cloaks, &e.

1 do. ladies Habit Cloth, of su-
perior quality,

1 bale goat's hair Camlet,
7 bales Bed Tickings, from the

following manufactories,

viz. Sharon, Methuen,

Brown, Apsanpink, &c.
3 do. power-loom do. al6d per
yard,

3 cases Copperplate,

2 do English Patch,
15 do. Piints, assorted qualities
30 do. bleached Sheetings and

Shirtings, from fij lo 25 els
per yard,
75 do. brown do. do. from bj to
161 cents per yard.

4 cases colored Cambric o( su-
perior quality

6 do. do. do. common, alb 1-4
cents per yard,

1 case red Moreen, at 25 cents
per yard,

1 do. Canton Table Malls, at
I 37 1-2 cents per set,

1 do. Oil clolh do. do.

1 do. do. do. do. suitable for
astral lamps,

50 Asiral Lamp Rugs,

1 case colored Damask Table
Cloths,

1 do Russia do. do. do.

1 do. superior Linens,

1 do. Long Lawns,

1300 doz. Clark's Spool Cotton,
(blk spools,) al6d per doz.

2100 doz. while cotton Tapes,
No. 35, at 10 CIS per doz.

125 doz. twilled do.

110 ladies Sable Boas,

25 while Fox skin do.

14 doz. Sable and Fox Opera
Ties,

1 case French fancy Boxes, at
less than half the cost of im-
portation, which wilh the
above articles will be sold
for Cash, at less prices
than can be obtained else-
where in the City.

tf

THE NEAV ENGI.AND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at M per annuB,
Dava",le at the end ol the year-bul those who pay withii
^i^Iy days from the time of subscribing.areent.tledlo a deduc-
tion of fifty cents.

O- No paper will be sent to a distance without payansiH
being macfe in advance.

AGENTS.

New York—G. C. Thorbijrn,67 Liberty-street.
4//.om;-WM. Thorbiirn,347 Market-streel.
Philadelphia-^. & C. LandREth,S5 Cliesnut-strcet
B lh,ore-l. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farme.
C,>,d,m.(i-S. C. Parkhurst, 23 Lower Marke^strce.

FMiiv, N. y._WM. Prince & Sons, Prop. Lm.Bot.l.M
Middlebury, IV.-WiGHT Chapman, Merchant.
Hartford— Goov\\iK & Co. Booksellers.
iVe.«:i»n™<.rt-EBF.NE7.KR Stf.dman, Bookseller
Portsmouth, N. H.—i. W. Foster, Bookseller.
An^msta, J)/«.— WiLLARD Snell, Druggist.
Woodstock, Vt.—i. A. Pratt. _

R««™/-,il^<!.—WM. Mann, Druggist. r«»«.,w«

H""i/-a.r, A. S.-P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Kenord*
St. Louis — Geo. Holton.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Ford & Damkei

ISJSW EIVGI.AND FARMER.

■UBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (AT THE AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE:"

rox.. xzix.

-THS. G. FESSENBEN, EDITOR

BOSTOW, •VyEDM-BSPAY EVSXrinrC, BECEMBER 24, 1834,

XVO. 24:.

COMMUNICATION.

For the New England Farmer.

e:ari.t corn and -wheat.

[By Hon. Samuel Lathrop.]
or Sir :

The Farmers living in the valley of Connecticut
er, have within a sliort period, greatly extend'd

cultivation of wheat beyond that of former
irs — a considerable proportion, probably the
aler part, is sown after corn. We have suf-
;d great inconvenience and sustained some loss
m the impracticability of getting oft" our corn
season to sow the ground. Grain sown very
! is more liable to be winter killed, and more
losed to blast, than that which is sown in its
per time. It has repeatedly, happened with
, and I have not been behind all my neighbors,
t I have not been able to get through the wheat
fing till after the middle of October. This is
te too late to e.xpect a good crop. The busi-
s ought to be completed in September, and if it
Id be done by the middle of that month, I
ik we sboidd be more certain of success.
u the summer of 1833, I was conversing with
ge Buel of Albany on this subject, when he
irmed me that for a number of years, he had
ivated a kind of corn, which was about a fort-
it earlier than the kind most commonly used,

that he thought it equally profitable for culti-
on. In consequence of this information I pro-
?d my seed corn of him last sprijig, and planted | .Mthough I am
itbei- this seiLsion. Tho crop has cxcecdef.' m^y
sctations. I never had a better one from the
e quantity of land, and it came to maturity
e time earlier than other fields of corn in the
iiity. I think it will prove a valuable species to
:e who wish to sow their land with wheat. In
nary seasons, it will have become sufficiently
for harvest by the iniddle of September. It
L species of the twelve-rowed corn, but the
vth of stalk is very small, compared with the
Ive-rowed corn which I have been accustomed
lant — not exceeding one half the weight, of
rse, the exhaustion required to sustain an equal
iber of stalks is much less. This species of
I will bear planting much thicker, than any
•r kind of field corn, which I have ever culti-
d. — I this year planted the hills three feet apart
directions, intending to have three stalks

oth

ach hill. But it may be planted three feet by
and a half, and then the ground will not be
e shaded than it is with the corn generally
id here, when planted in squares of three and
If feet. The ears set low on the stalk, grow
good size, anil the grain is heavy. I think it
i valuable for use, as any other kind of this
1 — and from the fact that it will bear planting
lick, I believe that I can secure a larger pro-
, than from any other that I have ever tried,
the circumstance that gives it its chief excel-
e in my estimation, arises from the fact, that I
gather my corn in season for the sowing of
at. In the most unfavorable season, the wheat
be sown iu September, and in very favorable
3ns, early in that month.

I am very respectfully, yours, &c.
Samdel Lathrop.
'Mi Springfield, Oct. 23, 1834.

From Loudon's Gardener's Mogazine.
TERRESTRIAL, RADIATION, &c.

On the Effects of Terrestrial Radiation on the Proeesses of
I'egrtation ; and some .iccoant of the Chinese Method of
propagating Fruit Trees. [By J. Murray, Esq.]
Of all the sciences, it will be granted, on every
hand, none is more connected with horticulture
than that of chemistry. It is indeed its sun and
centre ; and, without the a|)plication of chemical
laws and phenomena to horticulture, its principles
remain unknown ; the pursuit is a species of rude
chance game: not to mention the world of life
and interest which a correct knowledge of tlie
chemistry of vegetation can impart to the cultiva-
ted intellect. The physiology of plants, or the
i.iws and phenomena of vegetation, forms one of
the mostinterestingand beautiful domains of chem-
ical science. In saying thus much, however, I
would not be understood as underrating the im-
portance of meteorological i)henomena, which rule
the atmosphere in its temperature, barometry, and
bygromctry. These are essentially connected with
the rise, progress, and decay of vegetation, or its
full establishment in the attitude of healthy luxu-
riance. Above all, (though a question too lightly
esteemed) is the electrical condition of the atmos-
phere, and the electrical relations of individuals
which constitute the living mass of vegetatioii. It
is to be regretted that the practical gardener dis-

■ards every instrument save the thermometer

far from denying it a place, and
i;iat un important one in tlie scale of nsei'uluiiss, i
mean to assert that the hygrometer and aerial elec-
troscope may safely dispute with the thermometer
the point of priority. At the present time, how-
ever, it would be premature in me to allude to a
series of experiments now in progress, and which
promise curious and interesting results. I may
safely, however, venture to say that the laws and
phenomena of radiation, too little attended to in
even the science of horticulture, are in many in-
stances the very hinges on which the success of
an abundant and mature crop of fruit depends.

In the present communication, with your per-
mission, I shall supply a few remarks connected
with the cultivation of the vine in this country' (in
the open air,) as elucidating scientific principles
which I am engaged in carrying into effect, as I
am anxious to bring the question before our read-
ers as early as possible, to enable them, should
they approve of my reasoning and plan of pursuit,
to follow out into practice the principles now pro-
pounded for their consideration. To this I shall
add a few observations on the Chinese method of
propagating fruit trees; and I may avail niystif of
a future opportunity to transmit a model uf an im-
provement I have made in the machine emplnyed
to enclose the ball of earth and confine the newly
formed roots.

It has been shown that the cooling juocess of
radiation, by which the temperature of the sur-
face of the earth is lowered so considerably, differs
materially on the inclination of the hill compared
with the bosom of the valley. Mr. Daniell, indeed,
states, on one occasion, a difference amounting to
30 deg : that is to say, the thermometer on the in-
clined surface maintained a higher temperature by
30 deg. than another placed on the horizontal or

level plain of the adjoining valley. This differencn
IS certainly enormous ; but it is proved beyond all
doubt that a slope, an inclined bank for instance,
radiates less by many degrees than the surface which'
is altogether horizontal. Indeed, I think we may
collect abundant [u-oofs of this important fact,
among the mountains and the valleys of Italy. On
the plains of Piedmont, the vines which are suf
fered to attain a considerable altitude on lofty poles
planted as their sujjport, are detached from ilioBe
poles towards the approach of winter, and pros-
trated on the earth, where they are secured from
injury by the straw. This treatment protects thetn
from the effects of the intense though short winter
which reigns on the jdains of Piedmont; for, even
at Turin, the water in my room has been congealed
into a solid mass of ice throughout its entire ex-
tent. The^ olive succeeds in Tuscany; but tho
almond, pomegranate, and plants of the Citrua
family flourish but imperfectly; and yet on tlia
acclivities of the amphitheatre of tho Appenines,
which forms a semicircle round the magnificent
city of Genoa, you find that the pomegranate, the
lemon, and the orange mature Jitir fruit and lux-
uriate. Even the imperial city is indebted for liei-
(lalm branches to the palms which succeed in the.
open air at Nice. Now, the only dilTerence in
these circuinslances consists in a reduction of tho
loss sustained by radiation, and the attempered in-
fluence of thn sea-breeze, which more than couii-
terbalan-r' tl",; increase of warmth imparted by tho
sualKmrn." u a ti.JrK southern clime: perhaps even
the excellence of Monte Sotnma wines may have
something to do with the acclivity on which the
vineyards are planted. To my vision, fruit trees
planted on terraces, and rising one above llie other,
in amphitheatricul form, appear beautiful ; but thi»
'las become, I snpijose. unfashionable. In

suppose,

liecause it

happens to be a g(;m from the antique. Now rest-
lessness in search of something new, however ab-
surd, is incessant. The ancients appear, in thin
respect, to have known what they were about ;
and I must frankly confess that, in my estimation,
they acted wisely, and had the better of us, and
that we are decidedly in the rear. To this cause
I attribute tho remarkable fertility of the Land of
Judea iu fonrier times. Its susceptiliility is sufB-
ciently apparent, and there still remains existing
vestiges of this mode of cultivating the flanks of
the valleys, or the sides of the diversified hills of
Palestine, to a considerable altitude. It is slill, how-
ever, very questionable, whether low walls, con-
structed of brick, or of stone and mortar, quite
vertical, would succeed so well as the surface of a
calcareous or sandy soil, at an angle, for example,
of 45 deg. A sandy soil absorbs heat, and coti-
linues heated, because sand is an indifTureiit radi-
ator, and is, moreover, a non-conductor of caloric
(heat); so that vines, &c., in contact with such a
surface, would be more than comjiensated for the
temperature they would lose through the medium
of radiation; which would also be attenuated from
the inclination of the plane.

At St. J\Iary's Isle, the seat of Earl Selkirk, near
Kirkcudbriglit, I remember to have seen a beauti-
ful illustration of my views, in the case of pear-
trees pinioned to trellis-work on such an inclined
surface as I have described ; and I have always un-

186

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

D ECFMDKK f 4 . 1 1 : 4 ,

derstixiil tliut die crojis of fruit wliicli these trees
curried were remarkable botli for quantity and
quality; indeed, it tiiust be apparent, that, under
such conditions, spring frosts can have little or no
influence ; because these frosts are entirely con-
nected with the principles of radiation, and have
little or nothiui; to do with the temperature of the
atmospheric rncdinni. If the soil is not of a san-
dy consistence, in that case I would employ a thin
stratum of sand. 1 have in my little garden just
such a surface inclined and sandy, and have plant-
ed vines with the intention to train them on the
nurface, on a framework, something like cucum-
bers or melons in the hot-bed. The vine I am
Tnaking my experiments with is called Miller's
lilnck grape. I have already had ample proof that
the healthy luxuriance of other tender plants does
not snfier, and that frost has little or no effect on
such an exposure.

For the purpose of maturing the fruit, I shall
throw a veil of black gauze over the vines ; and
this will secure me the eftect of a powerful absorp-
tion of the calorific rays of the sun's beams. Though
the radiation from a black surface is proportional
to its absiirlient capacity, it will operate during the
lengthened day (and at this period of the year the
night is reduced to its minimum) in the maturation
of the fruit, while the sandy surface is retentive,
from its non-conducting character. If bunches ol
grapes on vines exposed suh dio, or reared in the
open air, be tied up in white bags,they will scarcely
ripen, are small, and want flavor; but if other
bunches on the same tree be confined in bags of
black crape, the contrast is very striking, in the
latter being fully ripe, large, and of a flavour equal
to those cultivated on a foreign soil. This fact
explains the principle on which 1 would veil my
vines with sable weeds ; further explanation ^y
would, therefore, be superfluous and unneces-
sary.

Respecting the Chinese method of propagating
froit trees, it is merely requisite to detach a strip,
or narrow riband of bark from the branch or lindi
which is to be separated. The Chinese apply to
this a ball o( earth mingled with clay, to impart
greater consistency to it, and ibis is covered with
moss, and secured" with bandages formed of some
pliant material : a small pan containing water, is
KHspon.l' >l over ii, and serves to keep the ball moist.
Tliis method, as successfully pursued in this coun-
try, was fust pointed out to me by Sir Laucldan
r^acLean of Sudbury. The Italians often adopt
the plan ; and I have seen a large orange tree, 14
feet high, loaded with growing fruit, thus separa-
ted from the aged paicnt stock, and exposed for
sale in the market at Naples. 1 have witnessed
the plan in full operation near the royal observa-
tory of iliat city. One obvious advantage is, that
no time is lost in the growth of tlio tree; nay, the
very absiraelion of the ring of bark from the branch
rather expedites than otherwise the evolution td
fruit. Till! Italians have improved on the rude
plan of tint Chinese, by enidosing in a tin case the
stem ol' the future independent tree ; it is filled
with earth, pressed down, and covered with moss,
vfhich i< in-esorved moist in the way 1 have already
descrili. il. This part of it 1 liave improved, by
euspemliiig the tin vessel which contains the water
on an adjoining branch above the ball, while a
woolleji thread, previously moist, forma a line of
cormnuiiilci.iion, ,.ud aflbrds a constant regular sup-
ply, on ihe principle of the sijdion, and the capil-
lary attraction of the fibres of the thread. A lid

prevents the loss by evaporation from the surface
of the water confined in the vessel.

A linear incision in the bark above a bud, it has
been stated, will convert that bud into u branch.
Last season I tried several experiments of this kind
on a fig, cutting out a narrow strip of bark, over
the bud, in the form of an inverted V, and suc-
ceeded in producing branches in five out of seven
instances. The want of success in these two, 1
suspect, arose from the imperfect separation of the
lips of the bark, and insufiicient depth of the in-
cision.

THK DRY ROT.

Baltimore, Oct. 18, 1834.
H. JViks, Esq. : — Dear Sir, I send you here-
wiih a copy of a communication that I caused to
be placed in the Navy Department at Washington
last winter, which 1 wish you to publish in your
useful Register for the benefit' of those who may
see proper to make use of it, and oblige, dear Sir,
your obedient servant, Wm. Patterson.

Dry Rot. — The dry rot in ships of v\'ar and
merchant vessels has long been a subject of seri-
ous and anxious concern. Many plans for their
preservation from this evil have been suggested
and tried without success. Having, for a long se-
ries of years, hud considerable experience as a con-
structor, owner, and employer of merchant ves-
sels, and believing that I have succeeded, at least
I have succeeded to my own satisfaction, in pre-
serving ships of this description as long as they
are likely to be useful or profitable — I therefore
feel prompted to unfold my plans and my experi-
ence to the Navy Department.

In order that those plans and that experience
may be better understood, I shall commence \vilh
situation and observaiioris in early life.
In the year 1766, at a very early age, I was
placed in the counting-house of a shipping mer-
chant in Philadelphia, which city was, at that time,
celebrated, perhaps beyond any other place in
America, for fine vessels. My employars were
largely engaged in the shipping business — they
built a ship or vessel every year or two ; here I had
a favorable opportunity of seeing and becoming fa-
miliar with the building, equipage and employing
of merchant sea-vessels. Owing to these circum-
stances, I acquired so great an attachment and
fondness for vessels that they have adhered to nie
through a long life. Then, as now, the speedy de-
cay of ships was a matter of serious consideration,
and every scheme for their iireservation that was
suggested was tried, but without answering any
useful purpose. Some merchants, in building ves-
sels, allowing their frames when raised, to remain
for a length of time on the stocks, exposed to the
weather; others smeared the timbers with fish oil ;
and others again used oil and paint ; all of these
experiments were attended with little or no success.
In one instance, I knew the frame of a vessel to
be plied with fish oil throughout an entire sum-
mer ; and, in the fall of the year, when she was
about to be finished, it was discovered that the oil
had penetrated the timbers more than a quarter or
half an inch ; this proved to be little or no protec-
tion, and the experiment was abandoned. In an-
other instance, I knew of a very fine ves.sel built,
(for a Charleston packet,) with so much care that
she lequired no caulking nor repairs for four
years; at the end of that time, wlien she was car-
ried into dock to be caulked, she was fimnd to be

worthy of repair, and was broken up. Her rapid
decay was attributed to the unusual care which
had been taken of her whilst rnnidng.

Some few, even at that early period, made use
of salt; but a great prejudice existed against this
mode, owing to the belief that it corroded the iron
fastenings, (copper was not then used in fastening
our vessels,) and the apprehension that the damp-
ness in a salted vessel might be injurious to the
cargo.

I became a ship owner in the year 1773, and
one of my first considerations was, how should I
preserve that descrijition of property froin speedy
decay ? Observing that timber, when sunk deep in
swamps or in the water, lasted forages, 1 conclud-
ed that exclusion from the air, and saturating the
pores of the wood with moisture, nmst be the true
secret for its preservation. Reflecting on this cir-
cumstance, and perceiving tlial the wooden floors
of warehouses used for ihe storage of Bay salt
were always damp in moist weather, I was led to
the conclusion that Bay salt, properly applied,
must have the efl^ect of preserving timber. Under
this impression, I adopteil the following plan with
all the vessels I have built from that time till the
present, (a period of more than sixty years, as I
am still a ship owner;) while building, when the
bends and bottom planks are on, and before dell-
iug, I have caused three sets of stoppers to be
placed fore and aft between all the timbers to
keep the salt in its place. The first tier of stop-
pers are placed at the floor heads, the .second im-
mediately below the lower deck beams, and tin
third between decks, just above the air streak
common in all double ilecked vessels. Air streaki
are left above the first and second tiers of stopperi
for .the purpose of adding more salt as the previ
ou§ supplies of that article settle or are dissolved
Just before finishing the ceiling of the vessel, thi
salt is filled in among all the timbers from thi
lowest tier of stoppers to the upper deck — takin;
care that the salt in the upper tier is well rammei
down, (if welted so nuich the better,) for, after th
plank-shears are laid, and secured in their places
the salt cannot be re-placed without incurring to
much trouble and expense.

Having experienced great difiiculty in preserv
inn- large timbers, (especially transoms,) above ligl
water mark, I have of late years had such piece
bored through the centre with an auger of tw
inches or two inches and a half in diamete
These holes are filled with wetted salt, and the
plugged at both ends before placing the timbers i
the vessel.

In the forward and after parts of the vesse
where the timbers are so close together that sa
cannot be introduced among them, I have found
necessary to incase the tiud)er, and confine th
salt in this way. In one instance I had all oft!
knees, and the steps of the masts, in a fine shi
boxed in and filled with salt ; this answered a ve;
good purjiose, but it is loo troublesome in me
chant vessels.

I have not only sailed my vessels in the mann
pointed out above, in the first instance, but I ha
had them examined carefully every two or thr
vcars, and where the salt has wasted or settled,
frcSh supply has been added.

In all my experience 1 have never found a d
fective timber in vessels thus jirejiared, anil th
taken care of, and I am ]iersnaded that the dry i
may be eniirely prevented by adopting the alio

totally destroyed by the dry rot as to he un- ! precautions. As a proof of the good eflects of t

vol,. XIII. IVO. 34.

ibove mode, I will add, that I have two vessels
now running, which are perfi^ctly sound and trust-
worthy ; one of them is 31 years old, and tiio
other 25, and the only repairs that have heon
»iven to their hulls were the renewal of the waste
planks of hoth, and the quarter deck of one ol
;lieui. This was not owing to the decay of the
)lank, but to the circumstance of its being fastened
with iron. The corrosion of the iron caused opeii-
Dgs where it passed through the wood : liad cop-
ier fastenings been used, the decays would not
lave happened. I think all vessels of war ought
o be secured with copper fastenings, and no iron
lUght to be used when it can |)ossibly be avoided.

I have seldom used the live oak in tlie construc-
ion of vessels, as it is hard to work, and tuo
leavy for merchant ships : I greatly prefer the
imher of our bay — white oak, locust, cedar,
nd yellow pine. I use the white oak for frames
nd for plank from the keel up to and including
ie bends. From the bends to the upper deck, I
jrm the frame of locust and red cedar, an equal
umber of pieces of either kind alternately distrib-
ted. The sides, quick-work, decks, upper beams
nd carlins, are formed of the heart of yellow
ine. Latterly I have fastened the sides and decks
'ith copper.
My vessels have generally been employed on
ng voyages to the East Indies and South Amer-
a; and to guard against delay and accidents on
icli voyages, I have fitted tliem out in the follow-
g manner: — They are copper fastened — then
leathed with yellow pine boards one inch in
icknesg, put on with copper nails of two inches
• two inches and a half in length ; a layer of
rong paper dipped in tar is ptaced betwfiertK .«;
ne boards and the bottom of the vessel ; and
lother layer of paper, prepared in like manner,
placed between the pine boards and the copper,
he copper sheathing that I use weighs .from 28
32 ounces the square foot. In this way the
ssel may be said to have five bottoms — two of
ood, two of paper, and one of copper. They
B so tight that it is necessary to have cocks
rough which water may be introduced into the
Id to keep the vessel sweet. An additional ad-
ntage is, that ihey may be run with safety two
three years longer than they could do if they
;re coppered on a single bottom of wood.
One of my vessels ran 17 years, and wore out
[•ee sets of sheathing copper before I removed the
lie boards; fearing that the main bottom might
Juire some attention in consequence of the de-

of the oakum, I stripped off the sheathing
rds, and discovered to my surprise that the bot-

and seams were in perfectly good order in-

d, it appears as if the water had never penetra-

to the main bottom, and that the sheathing of
od might have remained on with safety for many
rs longer.
[The year before the breaking out of the late war
th Great Britain, I commenced building a fine
sel, and had her frame raised, her bends on, and
torn planked, when I determined to proceed no
ther. I erected a shed over the vessel, under
ich she remained four years before I concluded
finish her. All possible care was taken of her,

sonje of the large pieces of timber were found
ective, especially the transoms — timbers 18
hes square were found to be entirely destroyed
dry rot, although the interior exhibited nosymp-
bs of unsoundness. It was owing to this cir-
Bstance that I resorted to the above cited plan

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

187

of boring tlie large timbers and filling the holes
with salt.

For the preservation of vessels of war, the me-
lliod which I have pointed out, and which I have
imrsued, would be of great consequence : it would
save millions annually to those governments which
from choice or from necessity keep fleets in coui-
Juission.

The only difliculty in the way of its introduc-
tion arises from the prejudice against the use of
salt, under the impression that it causes too great
a degree of moisture in the places allotted for the
accommodation of the officers and crews. I have
experienced no inconvenience in this respect, when
the cabins are lined with dry boards, attached to
the inner ceiling ; nor have I in any instance found
that any danger has happened to the cargoes in
consequence of the moisture.

To overcome any inconvenience that might be
apprehended, it is only necessary to jirepare the
accommodations for the oflicers and men, in ships
of war, by fastening strips of plank an inch thick,
up and down, to the sides of wliich strips a sheath-
ing of dry boards can be attached. Tills will ef-
fectually prevent the escape of the moisture. The
northern and eastern fronts of our country houses
are sometimes secured in this manner from north-
east stoiins.

I have mentioned Bay salt as the only kind that
ought to be used for the preservation of vessels,
owing to its quality of giving in moist weather —
dry stoved salt does not possess this quality, and is
therefore unsuitable.

[ have had some experience with fast sailing ves-
sels, vulgarly called Ballimore dippers, and I have
wii'iftssed thei"- ri*-' ir -I i>.-ij,-.. - j,, i-.-. ^ -,var.i.
Some of them have performed wonders — it is only
necessary to say, that they require great care and
judgment in their construction and eqtiipmrnt, and
that they should be commanded by men trained in
their management. William Patteksow.

Baltimore, Feb. 26, 1834.

GYPSUM.

Raspail has decided, as the result of a series of
experiments, that "it is not the leaves of the legu-
minous plants that absorb the gypsum which is
dusted over them, but the roots, when the dew or
rain has washed it into the soil; and hence the
advantage which has been found of applying this
powder a little before the dew comes on." It was
the practice of John Taylor, conspicuously known
as the author of Arator, and one of the best prac-
tical farmers in Virginia, to sow his plaster, for
tillage crops, before the last ploughing, that it
might be buried in the soil, where the roots of
plants required it. In applying it to grass lands,
he recommended, if our memory serves us, that
it be applied early, that the spring rains might
convey it to the roots. We have in the pamphlet
of Judge Peters, upon the application of Gypsum,
another corroboration of the correctness of M.
Raspail's conclusions. In many instances, there
narrated, where the gypsum was sown at the com-
mencement of a drought, or late in the season, it
produced no apparent benefit that year. It would
be useful if farmers would satisfy themselves upon
this head, by sowing a part of a field early and
a part late, a part before the last ploughing, and a
part upon the growing crop. So far as our opin-
ions have been formed from practice, they are in
favor of sowing on grass in April, and for tilled
crops before the last ploughing.

SCYTHE SNATHS

— Are among the numerous articles manufactured
in the neighboring towns. They employ many
hands in nuking and give occupation to our excel-
lent agricultural people in their use. It is better
to handle a scythe than to play the rake. One cuts
up vegetation .so it dies, and the other cxliiusts tho
intellectual juices so that the body early decays.
Tlie former bogets wealth and comfort and respec-
tability. The latter generates disease and preys
upon character and property. A Snath is an im-
portant part of the Scythe. It is the handle of the
implement and aids its vigorous use. The Poles
in their death struggles for liberty, used the scythe
alone as a weapon of defence. They wielded it
po^verfidly, and human dissolution followed its use
there as grass does here. There it was a murder-
ous weapon, here it is a pacific, an agricultural one.
Mr. Silas Lunison of Ciimmington has a great rep-
utation for good scythe snaths. He employs about
fifteen hands and makes nearly two hundred a day.
He intends lo manufacture fifty thousand a year,
and the proceeds of his sale will not fall much
short of $25,000 annually ! This is but one spe-
cimen of Yankee thrift and industry.

EXPLOSION AT THE KATC1,IPF GAS WORKS.

On Tuesday morning about five o'clock, a ter-
rific explosion was heard to proceed from the Rat-
cliff Gas Works in Sun Tavern fields, St. Georges
in the East. One of the largest gasometers had
burst at the back of the factory, adjoining Johnson
street, leading from tho back road to the Commer-
cial road, and had carried away the outside case or
vat in which the gasometer was placed, besides
forcing dov ■. ;. brick wall, several feet in ibickneeB
the ti»a;<,,4^ i of which were thrown in every di-
rection. The gasometers contained 16,000 leet ef
gas, and owing to the chime hoop, which binds to
the bottom of the tank, giving way, the pressure
became so great on the other parts of the gasom-
ete-, that it gave way, and sunk with a tremen-
dous crash, on the side, forcing the gas out at the
top, and splitting the massive timbers which com-
liosed the case and the large upright beams whicl.
supported the whole fabric. Heavy pieces of tim-
ber were reduced to splinters, and others forced to
a considerable distance. A ponderous wheel, by
which the gasometer was suspended, was hurled
into the yard, a distance of fifty feet, and fell by
the side of a man employed on the premises, who
narrowly escaped destruction. A stable by the
sicle of the gasometer was blown in and reduced to
ruins, but a horse within escaped unhurt, and was
got out by making an opening in the wall. The
tank contained about 20,000 barrels of water, vvbicJi
being set free was forced with great velocity over "
Johnson street into the gardens on the other side.
After the explosion, the filace presented one mass
of ruins, bricks, iron and wood laying about John-
son street aud the factory yard in every direction.
The damage is estimated at upwards of £20,000
but no lives were lost nor was any person injured!
Another gasometer, only five feet from the other,
remain uninjured, which is formed of wrought iroo!
— A gas light in a lamp close to the tank was blown
out by the current, a circumstance which prevent-
ed the contents of the gasometer from being ignit-
ed, and probably saved property to a large amouot
from destruction.

Sore backs in Horses. — White lead, moistened
with milk, or sweet oil, has been recommended as
the most effective application in this couiplaint.

188

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 24, 1834.

. "." From the New York Farmer.

VBGECUIiTURALi ECONOMY.

CORN, CASSAVE, BANANAS.

Yon have said tliat in the United States we have
noi learned the immensely prodnctive power ot
one perfectly cultivated acre.

I reply, that I hope the time will never arrive
w!)en the American cultivator shall be under the
necessity of extracting the greatest possible pro-
duce of any single vegetable from the least possi-
ble ground, with a greater proportionate share of
capital or labor. The great object of American
Vegeculture is to obtain the greatest value for the
luost labor and capital, and the consequent great
happiness of our agricultural laborers is the rela-
tively high priceof their industry, which I devoutly
desire may never be diminished by imported sys-
tems of European agriculture. The dearness of
ground, and the cheapness of labor, combine to
make the European landlord desirous of obtaining
the greatest possible number of roots or of grains
from the least possible number of perches or of
acres ; while the cheapness of land, and the dear-
ness of labor, combine to render the American
farmer desirous of obtaining the greatest number
of roots orof grains with the least possible nundier
of laborers or of dollars. Nevertheless, an economy
of surface may, in many instances, bo profitably
observed by even the American laboring landlord.
His orchard of apple or cherry trees is also his
meadow or his corn-field, and may he also at the
enm". moment his vineyard, or his hop |)Iantatiou.
His hoii or his grape vines may be so trained as to
augment instead of diminish the quantity and qual-
ity of the fruit on the trees which sustain them ;
and the ground cultivated in maize be{V/cen them,
may have its intervals covered with beans, pump-
kins, &c., with a diminution instead of an increase
of the labor requisite to eradicate the gramineous
weeds which detract nourishment from the kin-
dred corn. Even the indolent Indians of the tor-
rid zone have discovered that many alimentary
roots and fruits of different natural families of vege-
tables may be obtained from tlje same field at the
same time, without impediment to the growth of
each other, and with tlio advantage of occupying
the place of the otherwise natural and noxious
weeds. Thus the Enphorhiaceous .Tatropha Man-
rbnt being planted, (by simply inserting obliquely
ehort pieces of the stem,) when the external bud
has shot up 8 or 10 inches into the air, the inter-
red bads having then begun to branch under
);round into cassave roots, the grnmineovs zeamays
is next deposited in alternate holes, uot hills ; and
then between both the ca.ssave and the corn are
sown the seeds of the cucurbilaceous melons, vvaler-
inolons, pumpkins, squashes, and cucumbers; of
ho Irsruminnus phaseolus vulgaris, and other beans

can vegecultural economy — the greatest production
with the least toil. H. Perrine.'

•■.-.■-■■ '"" I - " ,...„--- ,

valued, as with us, for the esculent contents of the
pods, — besides those of lYmjicamas, whose princi-
pal value resides in their roots, (like those of our
Phaseolus or Apros tuberosa,) of which there are
three kinds, aiul one at least supposed to be a Do-
lichos bulhosa ; and moreover, the roots of the
convolvnlaceous sweet potato, and of the dioscorcus
yam. As they all contribute to form a refreshing
nhadc! fur the soil, in the whole surface not occu-
pied by the stalks of the cassave plant and of the
Indian corn, and at the same time impede the
growth of spontaneous weeds, we have thus de-
monstrated to us, by ages of experience, among
the most indolent and ignorant people of the
world, a most important practical lesson of Ameri-

From Loudon's Gardeticr's Magazme.
GROWING FERiVS AND OTHER PLANTS IN
GI.ASS CASES.
We lately had the pleasure of seeing the most
extraordinary city garden we have ever beheld,
viz. that of Mr. Ward of Wellclose Square, a gen-
tleman enthusiastically devoted to botany. Along
the tops of all the walls of his dwelling-house, of
the ofKces behind, and of the wall round the yard,
even up the gable ends and slopes of lean-tos, is a
continuation of boxes or troughs, about 14 in. wide,
filled with soil and divided crosswise by tiles, so
as to form distinct compartments about 1 ft. by 6
in., in each of which one species of plant is grown.
•We should suppose there must be at least room
found in this way for 1500 species. The sloping
roof of a shed is wholly covered with soil, and di-
vided into compartments by slips of wood ; in
these compartments sedums, saxifrages, and other
succulents are grown. In the open yard there are
two or three trees ; the best of which, for a Lon-
don garden, Mr. Ward considers to be the fig. It
thrives amongst smoke and dirt, and shows a
broader leaf, and of a more intense green, than
any other tree ; and this either as a standard or
against a wall. Next to the fig, the wjcer Pseudo-
Platanus is found to be the most prosperous. In
the interior of Mr. Ward's house, there are boxes
in every window, some on the outside, and others
on the inside, containing plants. These boxes are
from 8 in. to 1 ft. in width, in length equal to the
breadth of the window or its sill, or window seat ;
and the sides arc from 18 in. to 2 ft. in height.
About 6 in. of the lower part of tlie sides, and the
bottom, are of wood, put together so as to be wa-
tertight ; and the upper part of the sides, and the
top, are wholly of glass. In the bottom, soil, stones
moss, &c. are placed, and ferns and other plants
plante.l, and duly watered. This being done, and
the superfluous water drained off through a plug-
hole in the bottom, which is afterwards closely
stopped, the close lid is put on the box, and seldom
or never afterwards taken oflT. The plants are
found to require no fresh supply of water for
months, and some plants will live for years with-
out any ; and, as the lid is never taken off, they
can have no fresh supply of air, otherwise than by
the expansion produced by increased temperature
forcing out a portion of air through the impercep-
tible interstices of the lid ; and, when the tempera-
ture is reduced, drawing air in, through the same
interstices, by its contraction. This, no doubt,
will take place more or less every day. The great
advantage of admitting air only in this way is, that
it is, as it were, sifted or filtered, from the impuri-
ties which float in it; which impurities, and not
any thing in its chemical composition, are now
iionurally understood to be the cause why the air
of London is less favorable for both animal and
vegetable life, than the air of the country. Mr.
Ward has grown plants in boxes of this kmd for
three vears with the greatest degree of success;
and ho is now getting a box prepared, 5 or 6 ft.
square, and nearly 10 ft. high, in which he in-
tends to have a rock work covered with vegeta-
tion. The success attending Mr. Ward's experi-
ments opens up extensive views as to their appli-
cation in transporting plants from one country to
another ; in preserving plants in rooms, or m
towns; and in forming miniature gardens or con-

outside of windows, as substitutes for bud views,
or for no views at all. Mr. Ward has no doubt,
that by boxes of this kind, with requisite modifica-
tions,he could transport plants from any one country
in the world to any other country. In Mr. Ward's
drawing-room, we found a magnificent specimen
of Mclianthus major coming into bloom ; and his
herbarium contains nearly 25,000 species, arrang-
ed according to the natural system, and placed in
boxes on a highly improved plan.

From the Ohio Farmer.
ON THE CCI-TIIRE OP THE STRAWBERRY,

Who of our readers do no( cultivate the straw-
berry ? This may seem a searching question, ye
it is put in the pure spirit of courtesy and goot
nature. For many years we were not classed wit!
the cultivators of this fine fruit ; and were wi
asked how that happened ? we should answer, be
cause we were ignorant of its value — ignorant o
the great abundance which may be had from
small piece of ground, and a very little laboi
Most of those who neglect its culture we presimn
are in circumstances similar to what we were i
those days ; and if we could make on lliem iit
pressions similar to what we have since receive!
this rich and desirable treat for the sick and tl
well, the old, the middle-aged and the young-
would become more abundant.

Strawberries are the earliest in ripening of i
our fruits ; and for several weeks, none can con
in competition with them as an ornanient of tl
table. It is true we can do without them, h
why should we .' They contribute to our comfc
and our health. The value of a thing is som
tiijies best known by its loss, for until we ha
possessed it, we can scarcely know and feel
worth to full extent. Inquire now of those w<
depend on them as a dessert through the first pi
of summer— ask if the expense or labor of pi
ducing is more than they are worth ; and we £
confid'ent the reply would be, " we would expe:
twice as much before we would consent to
without them."

We would only refer however, to those wH
have strawberries in abundance, who by taking
few steps to the garden on any day, can proci
enough for a feasL For a family of eight or I
persons and occasional visiters, we have fou
beds equal to fifty square yards to be suflicient,
a patch but little more than twenty-one feet squa
exclusive of alleys. What garden in the conn
could not spare this much room ? and what hai
are busily engaged in other matters, to jiick out '
weeds from this little spot? Avery little labor
deed is required.

Strawberry beds on a rich loam are the m
productive ; and to such as transplant late in
tumn, we would recommend treading the i
firmly round the roots. It prevents them fr
being loosened and injured by the frost. In oi
nary S(,asons it will prove a sufficient protect!
but in those of unusual severity like the last, soi
thing more will he necessary ; and perhaps notl.
is better than the branches of evergreens. 1\
is alio less danger if the bed has not been ne

dug over. , , •

Of the kinds to be cultivated, there is consa
able choice. The Austrian Scarlet or Duke
Kent is our earliest, and the flavor is very f
In Lindley's Guide to the Orchard, Sfc. ninel
sorts are selected for a small garden ; but 8om

towns ; and in forming miniature garaens or con- ;";;;-^- "^^t ag..ee with this "climate. The D ^
servatories, either in rooms or on the inside or 1 them may not ag _

VOL. XTII. JTO. 34.

AM) HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL

189

ton we sljould exclude for its iiiiproduetiveness ;
and for the opposite reason recoiiiniend the Red
Wood and White Wood. Tiie Busli Alpine hears
throiiglioiit the summer and autumn if no drought
occurs ; hut though \vc cultivate this sort we
should he unwilling to depend on it for the main
crop ; neither do we thinli tlic flavor is quite equal
to some other kinds. We shall now give
Lindley's Select List.

Austrian Scarlet,
Black Prince,
Black Roseberry,
Downton,
Elton Seeding,
' Grove End Seeding,
Keen's Seeding,
Large Flat Hautbois,
Bush Alpine,
Red Wood.

Old Pine,
Old Scarlet,
Prolific liauthois,
Red Alpine,
Roseherry,
Sweet Cone,
White Alpine,
Wilniot's Superb,
White Wood,

SCALDING HOGS.

A gentleman of experience and observation de-
sires ns to make known, for the benefit of farmers,
a mode practised by him of scalding hogs.

Instead of putting cold water, or ashes, in the
hot water, as is generally practised, he washes the
hog in cold water previous to scalding it. It mat-
ters not how hot the water may be with which
the hog is scalded, let cold water be first used in
the way prescribed, the hair can be taken ofl!" witli
ease and neatness. No danger need be api>re-
hended of the hair becoming set, as is often the
case when this mode is not resorted to, owing to
a particular temperature of the water.

The gentleman who comninnicated to us this
mode, says he lias practised it for moro than 20
years, and i.a« not, duriiig that time, expsfjenced
any difficulty in scalding hogs.

In dressing a young pig for roasting, he first
dips it in cold water, and then in liot, by which
process he is enabled to remove the hair with the
least possible trouble. — Wyoming Herald.

GOL.KNOS OAK.

This large tree, which was felled in 1810, grew
about four miles from the town of Newport, in
Monnioulhsliire. The main trunk at 10 feet long,
produced 450 feet; one limb 355, another 472, a
third 235, a fourth 156, a fifth 106, a sixth 113,
and six other limbs of inferior size, averaged 93
feet each, making the whole number 2426 cubic
feet of sound and convertible timber. THe bark
was estimated at six tons 5 but as some of the
heavy, body hark was stolen out of the barge at
Newport, the exact weight is not known. Five
men were twenty days stripping and cutting down
this tree ; and a pair of sawyers were five months
converting it, without losing a day, Sundays ex-
cepted. The money paid for converting only,
independently of the expense of carriage, was
£82 ; and the whole produce of the tree, when
brought to market, was within a trifle of £600.
It was bought standing for £405. The main
trunk was 9 1-2 feet in diameter, and in sawing it
through, a stone was discovered, six feet from the
ground, above a yard in the body of the tree
through which the saw cut; the stone was about
six inches in diameter, and completely shut in,
but round which there was not the least symptom
of decay. The rings in its butt were carefully reck-
oned, and amounted to above 400 in number, a
convincing proof that this tree was in an improv-
ing state for upwards of 400 years ; and as the
ends of some of its branches were decayed and

had dropped oflT, it is presumed it had stood a
great number of years after It had attained matu-
rity.— Time's Telescope, vol. 3.

^ D'ARCET'S APPARATUS FOR ESTRACTIJVG
GELATIIVE.

On Mai-ch 9, at the Royal Institution, M. D'Ar-
cet's improved apparatus for extracting gelatine
from bones was exhibited, and some of the .soup
made in the theatre. It is an improvement of Pa-
[)in's digester. It is a jMty that these machines
are not more used in England, for we heard that
800,000 rations of soup are made in Paris weekly
from bones; and we are informed, that if the
bones of an ox were put into the digester, and the
whole of the flesh into any other vessels, that the
bones would yield one third more gelatine for
soup than the whole of the meat ; i. e. the propor-
tions of the former would be as three, the latter as
two. The fibrine, of course would be eatable and
useful ; it is of tlie soluble matter only that account
is here taken. The refuse of the bones, after the
gelatine is removed, forms excellent materials for
making animal charcoal. — Medical Gazette.

IlfTERlVAIj IMPROVEBIEIVTS.

The people of Bangor contemplate opening a
road up the Penobscot to Moosehead Lake, purting
a steamboat on the Lake, and having a junction
with the Canada road. Many think a small steam-
lioat on Bloosehead would be good f)roperty. The
time probably is not distant when there will be one
there, and a steamboat canal from that lake into the
Chesuncook. Then a railway or canal navigation
down the valley of the Kennebec to Augusta ;
thence a schooner navigation out to sea, or through
a canal uniting the Meijy meeting and C.isro I$ayf.
A water communication could be made at no great
co.st through the Belgrade Ponds, by which boats
could ascend toNorridgewock, thus avoiding the
falls at ^Vaterville, Kendall's Mills and Skowegan ;
or locks could be made around these falls, though
the navigation thus created would not be so safe,
because of the numerous rips and shoals when the
water is low, and the rapidity of the current when
it is high.

ARCHITECTURE.

For the New England Fanner.
THE WASHINGTON CAPITOt.

— Is so far before any other building in this comi-
try in architectural embellishment as tote thought
by many incapable of any material improvement.
As you drive towards the city from the Baltimore
road the East front presents itself on a level sur-
face, capitol hill having on this side no appearance
of being a hill. This cast front looks a little like
three buildings joined the centre one set up above
the level of the other two — such is the effect pro-
duced by the great flight of steps up to the second
story, while the wings have no basement of a dif-
ferent hue to. elevate them. Building half circular
towers on to the wings and much higher than the
roof, would perhaps improve tlie general eflect
of the east front, admit of enlarging and lighting
better the supreme court room, and of having ob-
servatories.— Driving in under the great flight of
steps you alight and enter ; before you is a vast
waste rooin, large enough for a regiment to stack
arms in over the tomb of Washington, and contain-
ing a forest of pillars without pedestals supporting
the stone floor of the Rotunda above, ascending to
which it is found to extend upward to the dome
from whence only it is lighted, a great height, aud

containing historical casts, and paintings which
may detain you for some time and be often re-
examined. Proceeding to the representative hall
you Bocn find yourself in a most magnificent apart-
jiient — a correct painting of it would make a beau-
tiful drop scene for a theatre. Recrossing the
Rotunda, to the senate chamber, you enter an ele-
gant room, lined with folds of straw colored cloth.
The West front of the capitol, though of less
elaborate architecture than the East has a more
striking appearance as you look upward to it from
the city and find it set on the brow of a" hill, stand-
ing out in all its magnitude. It appears to be
placed on the centre one of three squares each
about eight hundred feet wide, which intersecting
the lines of the principal streets, breaking the con-
tinuity of the buildings on the main Avejiue, give
to the city a straggling appearance. Ascending
capitol hill on this west side you come to the fine
marble monument, once located in the navy yard,
where the shaft seemed of amjile dimensions, but
here in the glare of the large white building is not
so impressive an object. The west centre of the
capitol |)rojects, and contains the Library in one
room, which may eventually be found too sinall for •
a national library, for which a separate building
opposite on the main street seems desirable, both
for that purpose and for the U. S. cadets, if the
youth of the country shall ever be fairly repre-
sented in that corps of artillerists, which it does
not appear necessary to keep up to garrison the
highlands of the North river. Tvp.

GOOD TASTE

— Is nothing more than sound sense applied to
inatt^vs appertaining to ornament and luxury. Qne
of the first principles of sound sense or good taste
is order, or that disposition of things which, by
their being seen one after another in succession,
contributes to the grand end or ))urpose in view.
Now, one of the first principles of order is to pro-
ceed in regidar gradation from less to greater, or
from greater to less. Without this, it is evident
there can be no order ; .for unless there be a rea-
son for what was to go before, or come after, any
particular point in the series, the result must ne-
cessarily he confusion. To apply the principle of
gradation to the external and internal ornaments
of a house, we should say that an ascending series
is required from the ornaments on the exterior
walls and fences to those on the furniture and fin-
ishing of the hall, staircase and rooms within.
Taking the highly enriched bronze railing of the
Duke of Wellington's boundary fence as the lowest
point in the scale of ornament, the rails for his
staircase ought to be of gold and filigree work ;
and for his grates, fenders, and fire-irons, no metal
that we know of would be sufliciently precious.
Apply the same reasoning to the marble triumphal
arch at Pimlico, and what shall we find costly
enough for the chimney pieces of rooms of the
palace to which it belongs ? — London's Magazine.

ANCIENT SIMPLICITY.

When Lieut. Gov. Dudley of Massachusetts
had his house clapboarded, he was censured for
luxury unsuitable in a new colony, but excused
himself by saying that he did it for greater warmth.

Mr. Cheat in recent lecture at the Franklin Ly-
ceum mentioned that at the time when there might
be about eighty thousand people only in all Nenr
England, the Lady Moody, a person of some im-
portance in Salem, had a house ijine feet high,
with a wooden chimney in the centre.

190

NEW ENGLAND I ARMEU,

"DECEMBER 34, 1834.

NEW JENGL,ANI> FAKMER.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING. DEC. 24, 1834.

BEES.

Extract of a letter from Mr. Miller Mcjfeil, nf Whitcshor-
ough, State uf JVew York.
"The first partof hst July, I put a young swarm of
Bees in my garret, in a room, partitioned off for that pur-
pose, about six feet by eight. In five weeks they com-
menced making comb and honey, on tlic outside of the
hive, on two sides of it. They continued making, on
the outside of it. for several weeks. They probably made
tenor fifteen pounds on the outside of it; the cells were
well filled with honey. In about a week after, I first
observed the cells began to be emptied. The honey was
all taken out of those on the outside of the hive. Tlie
bees continued to work well, and there were no signs of
their being robbed. They have increased in number, I
presume more than four to one. If they winter well, I
think I shall finish off tliree more rooms in my garret
for new swarms in the spring. I should like to know,
through the medium of the New England Farmer, if it
is better to carry them into the room on a bush, or some
way without ever putting them into a hive. I am told
that the Bee Moth will have no place to deposit its eggs,
if there is no hive in the room ; if they are carried on a
bush, and placed on sticks near the top."

ON THE MANAGEBIEBiT OF CO^WS KEPT FOR
THE DAIRY.

Where butter is the chief object of a dairy, care
should be taken to select such cows as afford the best
and largest quantities of milk and cream, of whatever
breed they may be. But the quantity of butter to be
made from a given number of cows must always depend
on a variety of contingent circumstances ; such as the
size and goodness of the beasts ; the kind »nd quantity
of food, and the distance of time from calving. A large
cow, generally, will give more milk than one of smaller
size ; thouo-h cows of equal size differ as to the quantity
of cream produced from the milk of each ; it is, I herefore,
in those cows whose milk is not only in large abundance,
but whicli, from a peculiar inherent richness, yields a
thick cream, that the butter d»ryman is to place his
chief dependance ; and where a cow is deficient in either
of these, she should he parted with, and her place sup-
plied by one more proper for this use.

Where cheese is the object, the management in respect
to cows should be the same.

It is essential that milk-cows be kept at all times in
high health and good condition. If they are allowed to
fall off in flesh during winter, an abundant supply of
milk need not be expected by bringing them into high
condition in summer. Warm stables should be provided
for them, as beasts will not require so much food when
kept warm, as when shivering with cold.

For about a month previous to the time of cows calv-
ing, if in spring, they should be turned into sweet grass ;
or, if it happen in winter, they ought to be well fed with
the best hay. The day and night after they have calved,
they should be kept in the house, and no cold, but luke-
warm water allowed for their drink. On the next day,
about noon, they may be turned out, yet regularly taken
In during the night, for three or four successive days;
after which, they may be left to themselves. Cows, thus
housed, should be kept in their stables till the cold is
mitigated by the morning sun, and it is recommended
to give them a draught of warm water previous to their
being turned out. Without such precautions, they are
liable to miscarry, or slip their calves ; an accident by
which the calf is lost, and the cow injured. For some
time before and after they have calved, they should be
kept separate ^om the young slock, whether in the yard,
stable, or field.

English writers assert that Lucerne is most excellent
food for cows in milk ; and preferable to clover, as it
gives the milk a better flavor, and is equally nourishing.
It is esteemed the best of all grasses for cutting green,
and feeding out in racks or cribs, and will bear cutting
the oftenest.

Mr. Loudon says, " The time cows should become dry
before their calving is not agreed on, some contending
that they may be milked almost to the time of their drop-
ping their calf without injury ; while others maintain
that it is absolutely necessary that they should be laid
dry from one to two months, both for the advantage of
themselves, and of their calves. It is probable that much
in this business depends on the manner in which they
are kept ; as where they are well fed they may be con-
tinued in milk till within a week or two of calving with-
out suffering any injury whatever from it, but in the
contrary circumstances it may be better to let them run
dry for a month, six weeks, or more, according to their
condition, in order to their more fully recruiting their
strength. It appears not improbable that the longer the
milking is continued, the more free the cows will be from
indurations and other affections of the udder ; which is
a circumstance deserving of attention. Where only one
or two cows are kept for the supply of a family, it is
likewise useful to know, that by good feeding, they
may be continued in milk, without any bad conse-
quences, till nearly the time of calving. In the Agricul-
tural Survey of the West Riding of Yorkshirefil is stated,
that no advantage was found to result from allowing
cows to go dry two months before calving. They have
there been kept in milk within ten days of the time of
dropping the calf This practice, however, cannot be
considered generally advisable."

In the last edition of Willich's Encyclopediait is said,
that " inflamed teats should be washed with two drachms
of sugar of lead in a quart of water. Should tumors ap-
pear, apply a common warm mash of bran with a little
lard. And to prevent cows from sucking their own
milk, we are informed tliat rubbing the teats frequently
with the most foetid cheese that can be procured, has
proved an effectual remedy."

HORTICULTURAL. REGISTER AND GARDEN-
ER'S MAGAZINE.

The first No. of this work will be published January
1, 1835. Gentlemen holding Subscription papers will
please forward the names of Subscribers.

We are promised an arrangement with a gentleman of
eminent Horticultural and Botanical knowledge, which
will, we think, insure the ability of the work.

Papers with whom we exchange, who will insert the
prospectus, shall receive the Magazine.

EXHIBITION OF FRUITS.

Ilarticutlural Rooms, Dec. 20, 1834.

The fruits exhibited this day, consisted of the follow-
ing :

Pears — By Mr. Manning — Bezi de Chaumontelle ;
also, Wmter Orange (of Coxe,) a round, green fruit, un-
der medium size, and of good flavor ; its color and size
more like a lime than an orange. Also, Newton Virga*
lieu, a fruit which is highly deserving of cultivation as
a prodigious bearer; it is very ordinary for eating in its
raw state, but excellent for baking, and good for keeping.

.Apples— By Mr. C. Weston, of Boston— the Holmes
apple from Marshfield ; a round fruit of medium size, of
a yellow color, and stained with red next the sun — the
flavor good.

For the Committee, WM. KENRICK.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

An adjourned meeting of the Mass. Hort. Society was
held at their room on Saturday, Dec. 20, 1834,— the
President presiding.

Judge Story, from the Committee appointed at the last
meeting to consider the expediency of disposing of the
interest of the Society to the owners of lots in the Mount
Auburn Cemetery, requested further time to make their
report.

Dr. Nehemiah Brush was unanimously elected corres-
ponding member of the Society.

Mr. Edmnnd Cruft, jr. was admitted a subscription
member.

It was voted that when this meeting adjourn, it ad-
journ to Saturday, Dec. 27th, at 11 o'olock, A. M.
Adjourned. CHARLES M. HOVEY,

Rcc'g Sec. pro tern.

ITEMS OP INTE1.I.IGENCE.

A valuable lime quarry has been discovered on the
Magurdy stream, in Vienna, Maine. Some of it has
been burnt and makes good lime.

It is proposed to light Paris with gas from peat, of
which there is great abundance near the city, being one
third cheaper than from coals, though it sooner corrodes
the pipes.

The Cassville (Ga.) Gazette of the 21st ult. says,
" James Graves was yesterday taken from i he jail of this
county, under a strong guard to Poinsett, Murr.iy coun-
ty and will be executed this day, agreeably to his sen-
tence." This, it will be remembered, is the Indian
against whose execution the Supreme Court recently
protested.

Specimens of the South American Cotton Tree, have
been sent to Washington from Bogota, by R. B. McAfee.
The tree bears two crops a year, one in June, the second
til De«yinber, yielding from four to six pounds of cotton.
Some of the seed will be distributed among the Southern
membsrs of Congress.

Thames Tunnel. — After a long interruption of this re-
markable work, which is now completed, we believe,
under and beyond the middle of the bed of the river, the
Government have determined to make a loan to the En-
gineer, Mr. Brunei, of £250,000 at 3 1-2 per cent to
finish the work.

Preparations are making at the Merchant's Exchange,
N. Y. for the erection in the rotunda of that building, of
the statue of General Hamilton, recently finished by
Ball Hughes.

We learn from Franconia, N. H. that on the 15th inst.
the thtTmometer at that place icas txcentij-tico degrees
bcluw zero.

The thermometer stood ten degrees below zero at 5
o'clock on Monday morning, in Albany. That kept in
the office of the Albany Argus, was exposed to the air at
8 o'clock, A. M. and fell in a few moments to three
degrees below zero.

Ample arrangements are made by the Directors of the
Boston and Worcester Railroad, to have the cars run all
winter, come what will.

The library of the late Earl Spencer alone, exclusive
of his pictures, is estimated at £200,000. This may give
a notion of the state of literature in England in private
life.

Captain Maryratt, the celebrated author of Peter Sim-
ple, J.acob Faithful, &c. has been assaulted by two broth-
ers of the name of Neale, also writers of naval sketches,
who had thought the captain guilty of a breach of cour-
tesy in some severe criticisms in the Metropolitan.

There has been a deficiency of the crops of the north
of Europe, and exportation of grain has been prohibited
from all the Russian provinces, including Poland.

i

VOL. XIII. NO. 34

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

191

Cobbett, in his travels tlirougli Ireland, complains of
passing over large tracts of that fertile island, without
finding a single field of turnips, niingel wurtzei,or cab-
bages. He says, the people are in such a miserable con- '
dition, that even the children and wives of what are
called farjners, are not only nearly starved, but all but
absolutely naked.

"Mintralogij of Hancuck Cvmily, Me/'— The atate-
nlent that beds of bituminous coal had been found in the
town of Bluehill, Maine, which was copied into No. 10,
N. E. Farmer, from the Hancock Advertiser, is said to
be erroneous by the paper from which it was taken.

NEW ENGL.4^ND GAI.AXV\

John J^'eal and H. Hastings Weld,-~Editors.
The Ei^'hteenlh Volume of the G.ILAXY will cnmmejico
on the Isl o( January, 1835. In aecordance with a promise
given not long- since, Uial ilie paper sliould advance in lilerarv
merit in proportion as il gained in public favor, we have spared
no pains or e.'cpeii'.e to render il worthy of palronao-f ; PRI-
ZES have been paid lor a successful TALE and POEM, and
a liberal remuneration has been given lot Original Articles.
During the last four months, there have been pulilishcd in the
columns of the paper, no less tlian Sixteen Orirrmal Tales
and TvvENTV One Orighml Poems, together with Sketches'
Essays, &e. making in all, |,.rnhablv, a greater quanliiv of
Original matter than has been given, of the same quality, in
any other paper in the United States.

The Idci that these exertions have been met by an increase
of names upon our subscription list, far cvceediii"- our most
sanguine expectations, has imluced ns to engage the services
of JOHN NEAL, Esq. olPoriland, who wilfhereafter be as-
sociated uiili H. HASTI.NGS WELD, Esq. the present «"l-
iior; 111 addition to whicli we ofier for Original articles the
following '

PRIZES.
For the hcst Orin-inal Tale :
FIFTY DOLLARS.
For the lest Oricrina.l Poem :
TVVENTV-FIVE DOLLARS.
For the best Jirtich on a Humorous Suhicct ■
TWENTV-FIVE DOLLARS.

The manuscripts maybe directed to the Editors of the Gal-
l.vy, Boston, post paid, till the last of April, 1S35, jmjl the
iward will lic made during the moi'ilh ot May follownlfr 'I'lie'
iddress of the writer should be enclosed in a sealed note
marketl, •■ Name ;" and the directions of the successful injlcrs
onlij will be opened. .All the manuscripts to be at the disposal
>f the Editors of the Galaxv.

Terms of the Galaxv.— Three dollars per annum in ad-
vance. As we have no agents, persons at a distance who wish
he paper, can enclose the amount by mail. Postmasters and
)thers who may forward the names of five subscribers and fif-
;een dollars, shall receive a sixth copy gratis : or a reasonable
commission.

Although our list of exchanges is already sufficiently large,
ind we have felt obliged to decline new ones, we now offer ail
;xchangc to any editor who will publish tl1%.adverlisemenl;—
irovided always, that the Galaxy is not to be put on a Readin"
Room File. MASTERS & MARDEN °

Boston, Dec. 20th, 1834. No. 38, Court Street

HOLLIS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

•'or Sprains, Bruises. Wind-Galls. Old strains, Stiff joints.

Swelled orCracked Heels, and for Horses that are strain-
ed in the back sinews, wrung in the withers, &c.;
also lor Glandular swellings of the Throat.

The ingredients which compose this preparation have been
arefully selected alter many years experience, and are some
f the most successful remedies united, correctly proportioned
,nd happily adapted to afford relief in all the above mentioned
omplaints; the proprietor feels assured that when once thi.s
rucle IS used, it will be preferred to anv other, as it is decid-
dly the liesi and certainly the most convenient article in use.

N. B. Persons afflicted with Rheumatism, Sprains, Cramp,
furabness, Stiffness or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
.iniment a valuable and effiracious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Jhemisi, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

IDThe Pubfc are requested to observe that each labelis
iffned.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o2y

FROSFECTU'S

HORTICULTURAL REGISTER;

Slnti eSarBcner's i^itaaajinc.

To be conducted by Thomas G. Fessenden, aided by

several Scientific and Practical Horticulturists.

WITH EMBELLISHMENTS,

The work will be conducted in the manner of the Lon-
don Horticultural Register, and of Loudon's Mao-azine.
The department of Horticulture, embracing more particu-
larly that of Fruits, will be aided by a gentleman of emi-
nent knowledge and correctness as to their nomenclature-
and that of Vegetable Gardening, will be conducted by
the Editor , That of Floriculture by a professional Florist.
Orders are out for all the important Foreign Periodi-
cals, and from these will be made selections of all new
and important articles, with descriptions of new Fruits
and Flowers which may be brought into notice.

The work will be published monthly, on fine paper,
octavo size, and contain forty pages each month with a
neat cover, and afforded at the low price of two dollars
per annum. If sufficient encouragement be given, the
work, after the first volume, will be increased and ex-
pensive drawings introduced.

Subscription papers will be found at the New England
Faimer Office, at the bookstores of Russell, Odiorne &
Co. and Hilliard, Gray & Co., and at the counting room
of the Mercantile Journal, State Street, Boston,— and at
Geo, C. Thorburn's, 6? Liberty Street, N. York— Wm.
M. Morr,gon's, Alexandria, D. C— Wm. Thorburn, Al-
bany, N. Y.— J. W. Foster, Portsmouth, N. H.— Jos.
Breck, Lancaster, Ms.— Messrs. Winships, Brighton, Ms
— D. & C. Landreth's, 8.5 Chesnut Str. Philadelphia-
S. C. Parkhurst, Cincinnati, Ohio— Wm. Mann, Bangor,
Me.— E. Stedman, Newburyport, Ms. — James Green &
Co., Worcester, Ms,— H. F. Green, Bellows Falls, Vt.—

I. I. Hitchcock, Baltimore.— ;^A. & g. N. Breed..llyao

y. M, IvEs, Salem,

GEO. C, BARRETT,
New England Farmer Olfice, Boston

PllICES OF COUN'iRY PKODUCC

Corrected Avith great care, U'eekly.

TO SMITHS, &c.
PATENT HORSE SHOE NAILS.

The Subscribers have now in successful operation atPlymp-
lon. Mass, a machine for making Horse Shoe Nails.

The nails are made ofthe very best Iron, are perfectly mall-
able and admirably adapted to the use for which they were de-
signed. Numerous respectable testimony from those who have
used and approved them could be cited,'but the manufacturers
relying upon the quality of the article, prefer that Ihe nails
should be their own test.

They are known to be a good article,— and can he obtained
in any quantity desireil from the manurarlnrers at their place
ill Plympton, Mass., or at THOS. FAXON'S Smiili Shop
Pond Street, Boston, opposite the Massachusetts Hotel

HAYWARD, RALPH & STURTEVANT.

Plympton, Mass., Nov. 2(1.

A GARDENER

-Wants a Situation— can produce the best recommendations
s regards his character and capacity. nov 19

FARM WANTED,

-Within 55 miles of Boston on a lease for 5 vears — containing
ot less than 100 acres- one on the sea coas"t would be prefer-
,-d Address B, M, at N. E. Farmer oiKce, post paid.
dec 3 6l ' 1 f

REAL ESTATE AT AUCTION.

On Tuesday the 27lh d.iy of Januarv next, will be sold at
public Auction at the house of Dexter Brigham, Innholdar in
Westboro', at 10 o'clock, A. M. tlie following described prop-
erly belonging to the Estate of the late Charles Parkman, viz ;

The Beflows Farm, so called, situated in the easterly pan of
.Westboro', containing about IJO acres.

The Warren Farm, so called, situated in tha northerly pan
of Westboro', containing abotit 40 acres.

The Hardy Farm, so called, situated in the westerly pan of
Westboro', containing about 80 acres.

The Ball Pasture, .so called, situated in the southerly part of
Westboro', containing about 50 acres.

Also,— Two Dwelling Houses, with about 2 acres of land,
situated near the old Baptist Meeting-house in Westboro',

Also, A new two-story Dwelling House, with half an acre of
land, situated near the Meeting-house in the centre of West-
boro',

For further particulars, application may be made to either of
the subscribers,

Charles R, Pakkmax,)
George Denny, PE.xeculors.

Charles P. Jones, S

Weslhoro', Dec. '22, ^S34■.

Apples, russets,

Beans, while,

Beef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (American) . . . .
Butter, inspected. No, 1, , . .

Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, . . . .

Feathers, northern, geese,. . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, American,

Flaxseed, none, ...'...'
Flour, Genesee, . . , cash,
Baltimore, Howard str.
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow, . ,
southern yellow, . .

white,

Rye, Norilieri

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed,

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (new) , . . .

2d quality . . , .

Lard, Boston, Isl sort, . . . .

Southern, 1st sort, . . . .

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . . .

" upper, , , .

Philadelphia, sole, . .

Baltimore, sole, . .

Lime, best sort ....'.

Pork, Mass, inspec, extra clear.

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings, , , . .
.Seeds, Herd's Grass, (new) '.
Red Tojj, northern, , .
Red Clover, northern, none
WhileDutch Honeysuckle

Tallow, tried,

WoTft.^,'jlTiTTie'6r Saxony Fleeces,
American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4ths do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native wa.sbed, ....
2 f Pulled superfine, .
J-u I 1st Lambs, . . .
a=-j2d "
Sg.|3d '• ...

^ ( 1st Spinning, . . ,
Southern pulled woolis generally
.5 cts. less per lb.

EROM TO

barrel

2 so, 3 00

|ju.sijel

1 5

. 1 50

barrel

10 00

•'

7 50 8 00

"

C SO G 75

pound

17 23

"

14 16

"

i

9

(1

2

3*

"

4C

43

*'

3G

40

pound

y

9

bushel

barrel

5 37

5 42

5 50

5 .-iO

5 62

*'

5 50

5 62

oushe)

75

77

(1

C5

,68

n

68

70

"

75

80

"

62

66

It

37

40

ton

18 00

19 00

■'

13 00

14 00

(<

14 00

15 CO

gallon

37

42

pound

14

15

''

10

11

pound

y

''

7

8*

"

17

la

lb.

10

12

pound

15

17

lb.

18

20

pound

27

30

ti

25

11

cask

I oo

barrel

17 00
13 00

18 00

t(

8

8 58

bushel

2 25

2 75

it

76

87

pound

8

10

'*

25

31

cwl

7 00

7 SO

60

65

pound

50

58

''

45

50

"

35

42

{.

32

36

^'

38

40

,"

50

56

"

40

45

<<

30

33

<■

23

25

it

35

40

Hai«s, northern,

southern.
Pork, whole hogs
Poultry, , , .
Butter, (tub) .
lump,

Eggs,

Potatoes,

PROVISION MARKET
retail prices.

Cider, (new,) . .'.'.'. \ \ \ barrel

pound

11

12

8

9

H

6

10

12

14

17

16

20

dozen

25

20

bushel

37

,■50

barrel

2 50

2 75

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

200 boxes very thick— for sale by LORING & KUPFER,

in in 1H„ 1 ^,,1'.. O..,.. , n '

Im sep 3

No 10 Merchant's Row.

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, Dec. 20, 1834.
Reported fur the Daily Advertiserand Patriot.

At market CIO beef cattle, 50 stores, 1200 sheep, and 130
swine. About 50 beef cattle unsold.

Prices. Beef Cattle— The qialily at market would not
equal last week for goodness, and sales were made slow at

corresponding prices; a very few only brought over gO

We noticed one yoke extraoVdini;ry fii'ie taken at 5 50 ; our
quotations are for prime 28s Gd a 20s 9d ; good 26 a 28s ;
cows 24 a 27s 9d. > f, ,

Barrelling Cattle— Mess 24 a 25s ; No. 1 , 21 a 22s.

.S/icp— We noticed lots taken at 2 50, 2 58, 2 67, 2 75, and
3 ; a fine lot of Wethers were taken before ihev arrived at
market, prices not known.

.Sicine.— One lot was taken at 4 for sows and 5 for barrows,
a Iso one lot for about the same price ; at retail 5 for sows and
6 lor harrows.

SMYRNA SPRING WHEAT.

Just received a few Bushels of the above kind of Wheat
which will be found a valuable variety, having been tried two
years in New-England and yielding 55 Bushels one year and
30 Bushels tfie second year'to the acre. Farmere WiH please
call and see it, GEO. C. BARRETT.

192

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

DECEMBER 34, 1S34.

MISCELLANY.

THE HISTORY OF A LIFK.

BY BAKRV CORNWALL.

Day cinvviied. Wilbin a curtained room,
Filled, to faiutness, with perfume,
A lady, lay at point of doom.

Day closed. A child has seen the light ;
But for the lady, fair and bright,
She rested hi undreaming night !

Spring came. The lady's grave was green.
And, near il, often times was seen
A gentle boy, with thoughtful inien.

Years fled. He wore a manly face.
And struggled in the world's rough race,
And won, at last, a lofty place.

And then — he died ! Behold before ye,

Humanity's pour sum and story; —
Life, — Death, — and (all that is of) Glory.

AMERICAN ANTiaUITIES.

In innking e.\o.ivatioiis in the gold region of this
Slate, nut long since, buildings regularly erected
were discovortid tinder the earth. Traces have
also been met, which prove that the mining busi-
ness has, at some time, been followed in the same
district of country, as well as in North Carolina —
by whom, or at what period, it is impossible now
to discover. The mounds of the West have long
been a subject of Interest to the traveller, and
spectilation to the antiquary ; but a writer from
Arkansas, in the Charleston Observer, states some
more facts yet more interesting. On the banks of
White river, be says, you can see the brick foim-
dations of bouses; a few miles further, six hun-
dred and forty acres of land are enclosed by a wall,
in the centre of which is a circular building ; there
is also, in the same neighborhood, the ruin? of a
city, ami parallel streets, crossing each other at
right-angles, may be traced by brick foundations
one mile in length — the bricks of modern shape.
The whole West, is rich in objects of interest to
the iintiipiarian and the naturalist.

15y the accounts of Mr. Flint, and other travel-
lers, says a western p.-iper, it appears that the im-
press of the leaves of the fruit trees and the bam-
boo have fretpieiitly been found in the peat beds,
anil the fossil coal t'ormaiioti in the neighborhood
of the Ohio. I'ehbles of disruption, vast rocks,
earth and sands, specimens of organic, animal, and
vegetable remains belonging to a tropical climate,
clearly itiditrated some important and extensive
changes, occasioned by fire or water, in the whole
great valley of the Mississippi. There the regular
walls, the bricks, the medals, the implements of
iron and copper, buried in n soil which must have
been imilistiirbi^d for ages, with the alphabetic
characters written on the cliffs, as plainly show
that other races of men passed away. And what
a worhl, says Mr. Flint, mtist that have been when
the JNIammotb and the Melogonyx trod the plain
iMid monstrous lizards, whose hones are not rescu-
ed from the soil, and which must have been at
least eighty feet long, reared their heads from the
rivers and lakes I — Georgia paper.

DEAFNESS.

The celebialed artist, Mr. Ctn'tis, in bis latest
treatise on deafness, observes amusingly enough,
though not more amusingly than truly, that " many
are undoiditedly deaf from sheer negligence — they
have, according to the clever, though eccentric.
Dr. Kitchener, only hearing enough to catch the
sound of the dinner-bell, and sight enough to find
a spoon ; — they are accustomed never to attend
when first spoken to ; but answer you with a ' Was
that you ?' ' Pray did you speak ?' ' What did you
say?' 'Eh.'' what.' eh?' — and their idleness and
inattention daily growing upon them, they become
in time really deaf, not from any defect or disease,

REMEDY FOR RASHNESS.

Dr. Cotton Mather mentions a person who used
to say, "There was a gentleman in the 19tb chap-
ter of the Acts, to whom he was indebted more
than to any man in the world." This was he
whom our translation calls "the town-clerk of
Ephesus," whose counsel it was " to do nothing
rashly." Upon any proposal of consequence, it
was a usual saying with bitn, " We will first ad-
vise with the town-clerk of Ephesus."
" To go twice to the file

lielore once to the tongue.
Is advice to be followed
By old and by yoi-ng."

All discussion is the touchstone of trtilh, and is
constantly necesstiry to prevent indiflc^rence and
shake the overgrown influence of .•inllioiity ; and
by it whatever falsehood there may be iu doctrines
will bo mtide to disappear.

"BUSINESS TO-MORRCW"

— Said the Thehan governor, as he smilingly laid
by unopened the letter that would have informed
him of a conspiracy against bis life — '^ Busiocss
to-morrow" — the answer was his death-warrant,
and be sealed it with a smile ! That night he was
assassinated. — Whoever has read history, and in-
vestigated the causes of great events, cannot have
failed to note how often the scale of success has
been turned solely by the weight of time ; and yet„
as if in defiance of reason and experience, how
many are in the daily practice of putting off " busi-
ness till to-morrow" which should be done to-day;
and this, too, rather from habit than indolence.
There is no subject upon which there have been
more maxims established than this ; no theme
more fruitful to the preacher than the value of
time ; still tho waste of it is the source of failures,
poverty, and even death. Now, the business is
put off till " to-morrow," and then the succor
comes " too late." There is not a more universal
error than procraslinatioti ; none so insidious, and
none productive of more misery. None so insidi-
ous— for we often hear men descanting upon the
folly of wasting time who are in the daily practice
of deferring what could and should be done at
once. Strange fatality ! that blinds, to ruin us.
This foible is common to all classes of society —
the merchant puts off the insurance of bis ship,
which was wrecked "yesterday" till "to-morrow;"
the farmer puts off his harvesting till "to-morrow,"
and then finds that " last night" the frost destroy-
ed bis crop — the carpenter defers building till "an-
other day," until death approaches him with
" Your house is finished, sir, at last,

A narrow house — a house of clay.

Your palace for " anoliicr day.''

[Uangor Courier.]

Irishmen's Clocks. " Every body knows that
the clocks of houses for Irish boarders are put for-
ward an hour m order that they may be up in
time to work on the rail-road." lit. Gen.

FEAL.E>S MUSEUM.

A LADY aged one hundred and one years yester-
day dropped into Peale's Museum, having com-
pleted her shopping in Broadway, to pay a visit to
Saugeant Wallace, aged 105 years, who is at the
Museum, to receive the visits of the curious. We
should have been much pleased to have witnessed
the ceremonies of this interview ; the reciprocal
compliments and congratulations ; the bows and
curtsies of the old school. Several young fellows
of ninety years old have left cards for the Ser-
geant.— .V". Y. Er. Star.

CATALOGUE FOR 1835.

Just published, a Catalogue of the NEW
ENGLAND SEED AND AGRICULTURAL
WAREHOUSE — comprising an unusual choice
collection of Garden and Flower Seeds, raised
in the Gardens connected with the Establishment.
TJie loltowiug from the preface explains the principles in
reference to which the business will be conducted.

When the Agricutlural Warehouse and New England Seed
Store was commenced, it was altogether problematical whether
those engaged in the different branches ot rural economy would
give supi)urt to such an establishment, and the proprietors in-
curred very considerable expense, as well as bestowed much
tiine and exertion to make it what the Farmers and Gardeners
of New England very much needed, to wit, a Repository from
which could be obtained Seeds, &c. which might be relied on
as true to their kind and of the best quality. The experience
and experiments of a series of years, enable us now to give
assurance of satisfaction to those who may commence or will
continue their patronage. We have completed our anticipated
arrangements in the seed department in such a manner that we
are well assured of a full supply of seeds, raised under our own
direction. We are thus placed in a condition to supply seeds,
of warranted good quality ; and arrane;ements have been made
to import from Europe those kinds which bid fairest to be most
useful, best adapted to our soil and climate, and on wliich reli-
ance can be placed that with proper treatment they will not fai
to germinate.

ill a business of this description, it cannot be expected but
that complain Is will sometimes be made of seeds not vegetating;
but candid men w'ill allow that the fault is not always in the
seed. 'I'iie best seed may fail of coming up, on several accounts;
some kinds may be sown too early, and be chilled in the ground
in dry seasons, by the burning rays ol" the sun — they are often
eaten by worms and insects, and are frequently covered too
deep -u die earth, particularly delicate flower seeds. The best
method uf proving the quality of the seed is to sow a few in a
box of loose earth, placed in a warm room, keeping the earth
moist. If the seed is good, it will vegetate iu a reasonable
time. A quicker meihod is to roll up a few seeds in a quantity
oi' iret. moss, which will soon determine their character.

It was long before the business would warrant the expenses
now incurring; and it is for the public to decide to what extent
they will give their patronage to an establishment conducted
on the principles, enjoying the advantages, and favored with
the prospects above mentioned.

This (I'alalogue contains 80 pages ; will be sent Gratis to
dealers, patrons and friends uf the Establisliiuent, and Orders
for articles contained thereinwill meet with prompt and faithful
attention. <iEO, C. BARRETT,

New England Seed Slore, Boston.

— — ^^
THE NEW KNGI.AND FAK91I<.li

Is jjublished every Wcduosi-la} E\eiiing, at ,|^'o jjci annum,
pasahle at the end of the year — but those who juiy wiliiiu
si.\Iy davs from the time of subscribing, areeutitlcdto a deduc-
tion of fifty cents.

(nr No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
New I'orA— G.C.THORBeRN,67 Liberty-street.
/I//,„„y_WM.THoRBURN,347 fllarket-strcct.
Pliihdelphia — D. &, C. Landrkth,85 Chesnut-street.
liallimore — I. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmer
Cincinnati — S. C. I'AitKHURST, 23 Lower Market-street.
Ftiishing, N. y. — \\»i . Prince & Sons, Prop. Lin. Rot. Gar
Middlelntry, Vt. — Wioht Chai'Man, Rlerchant.
Ilit'-tford — Goodwin & Co. Booksellers.
Neu'hurvporl—V.Ri:tiivi.v.R Stedman, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. II. — .1. W. Foster, Bookseller.
Augusta, Me. — Willard Snell, Druggist.
VVuodstoc/c, Vt.—}. A. Pratt.
Bangor, Me. — Wm. Mann, Druggist.

Halifax, A. iS. — P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder
,S/. Louis — Geo. Holton.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by P'ord & I amrell
who execute every description of Book mid luhry I'rhit-
ina\n (rood style, and with promptness. Orders for print,-
ingmay be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at tlie Agricul-
tural Warehouse, No 52, North Market Street.

NEW ENGl-AW®

PUBLISHKD BV GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 32, NORTH MARKET STREET, (AT THE AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE.)— THS. G, FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOXi. ZZIX.

BOSTOXr, 'WEDNESDAir SVENZXarG, DECE£ZBZ:A 31, 1834.

mo. 2s.

For the iVfio England Fanner.
DAIRY, &c.
[For the following important directions and obseiva-
tions relating to various topics of rural economy we we
indebted to a Friend, who has taken the trouble to trans-
late them from a French work of celebrity for the ben.'lit
of the readers of our Journal. — Ed.]

OW THE LOCATION AND ESTABI.ISHMEKT
OF A DAIRY.

A DAir.v Is a place where milk is kept, (which
should lie caiiied there as soon as taken from the
30W ;) butler ami cheese are likewise made in it.

Unquestioniihly the qualities of these products
•esult, in a great measure, from the care wliich is
aken with the milk ; the preservation of whicli,
lepending solely upon the place where it is kept —
he Location and Estahlishment of a Dairy are,
herefore, two very important points.

In fact, the resources which it offers, form one
)f the most useful and agreeable subjects, and he-
;onie of superior interest and considerable produce
n foraging countries.

Judging by the majority of establishments of this
iind among the farm and country houses, tiie
iairy appears to be an object of indifference ; —
his negligence brings with it the greatest incon-
reniences, and the loss resulting from it greatly
;xceeds the expense necessary to fit these estab-
ishments for accomplishing the purpose designed.

In pointing out the considerations which shoidd
»uide the location and arrangement of a dairy. ^ "
nay perhaps awaken some reflections in those
ivhoni such a forgctfulness of their interest, too
requently keeps in u continual state of trouble.

It is a well known fact, that the most highly
valued butter and cheese are made in those parts
)f the country where the dairy is the object of the
greatest care.

We do not, however, intend to give here a plan
"or the construclion of a dairy indispensably neces-
sary to be followed. Whether it be established in
;he buildings adjoining the farm house, as is the
:ase in highly cultivated lands — or [ilaced in the
3arn-yard of country seats; or lastly, whether un-
Jer an elegant form it becomes one of the orna-
ments of a jiark, is of no importance, provided at-
;ention is paid to our future observations. We
may say that luxury adds nothing to its qualities —
the only one indispensable is the most minute
cleanliness.

The Dairy should be located in a quiet place
ipart from any business which might cause any
concussion, especially froin collections of filth or
dirt, and generally from any thing which would
infect the air with fermentable miasma.

It should be, as much as possible, protected
from the changes of the atmosphere, which have
30 marked an iufluence upon the milk. The tem-
perature should be in all seasons between 8 and
10 Reaumur [45 Fahr.], this being most favorable
for the rising of the cream. If kept at a lower de-
gree, it rises less quickly ; if higher, the milk
curdles, before you have time to separate the
cream, which thereby contracts a sourish taste.
In order that a dairy may always maintain this
temperature, it should be a little subterranean and
vaulted. This arrangement is most generally

adopted in good dairies. It should be in a north-
ern exposure.

The size of this establishment depends in a
great measin-e upon the kind or manner of farm-
ing. In a country house, for example, a dairy of
S or 10 feet wide, by 15 or "20 long, is suflicienlly
large. But when the dairy is made an object of
speculation, the arrangement should then conform
to the produce to be manufactured in it.

This leads us to consider the e.stablishment of a
dairy in three principal respects, viz. for the [ires-
ervation of milk intended to be sold, for the mak-
ing of butter and of cheese.

A dairy designed for a store-room for milk to
be sold, does not require so much care, in its con-
struction— the milk remaining in it but a .short
lime. It is rarely vaulted ; it is sufficient to be
cool enough in summer, to preserve the milk mitil
it is sold. It is generally a room placed near the
stables or in the side wing of the house ; it should
always have a northern exposure, and adjoining a
vestibule or small room appropriated to the unten-
sils which are unemployed ; and provided with a
boiler and furnace for heating the water to wash
them.

However, whenever the locality will permit,
this room should be a little apart from that where
the milk is kept, so that, in summer, the heat of
the furnace may not injure the milk. The milk
room is furnished with tables, placed against the
wall, to hold the vessels containing the milk ; it is
oeneiplly uliout 9 or 10 feet wide wi'hii; the clear,
leaving between the tables sufficient room for use ;
its length depends upon the extent of the dairy.

A dairy used exclusively for making cheese
should be composed of at least 3 parts. The first
is the Dairy, or more properly speaking milk-room.
The width we have previously mentioned — the
length varies in the same way. It is generally
vaidted.

The curve of the arch begins about 4 feet from
the ground — so that its height under the key-stone
should be from 8 to 9 feet. — The walls should be
carefully rough cast and kept in good order, that
no rubbish may fall from it — and they are white-
washed with lime. If the dairy adjoins no other
building, and is but one story high, it is best to
have it thatched or reeded quite thickly, and so as
to lap over the sides. You may, in this case, fix
n stove tube projecting one or two feet, to serve
when needed as a ventilator.

Tables are arranged round the sides of the
room ; elevated about two feet and a half they are
supported by brick or iron props ; and when pos-
sible, by pillars of hard free-stone, which are best,
as they are kept clean more easily. These tables
should be of oak, and four inches thick ; the outer
surface is cut in longitudinal and [larallel grooves,
and slanted a little, to allow the whey from the
cheese and the water to run ofl'.

When it can be done, these tables are made ol
hard-stone ; in expensive dairies they are made of
marble. But, although these materials are prefer-
able to oak, as they do not contract a sour taste,
washing them should not be neglected, and should
be done every day thoroughly, because the whey
which remains upon it has a corroding effect which
impairs them after a while. Above the tables are

placed oaken shelves ; they contain the utensils of
the <lairy, and the dry cheeses.

To be more solid, the floor should be made of
stone flags, placed upon cement, and joined with
mastic (or putty.) A double brick pavement upon
mortar will liowever answer ; it should be con-
structed with a proper slope to let the water run
off; the duct is closed upon the outside, by an
irqn-wir.j grate, which is sufficiently close and
strong tc prevent any little gnawing worms from
pa.ssing.

Water being daily necessary, a reservoir should
be establisiied near ihe dairy ; if it could be con-
tiguous to it, so that the water might be conveyed
into it, by means of pipes with spigots inside, it
would be a great saving of time. In this case the
reservoir should be placed in such a manner that
the sun could not reach it, and thus preserve the
water cool.

The door should shut hermetically ; towards
the top 11 sufficiently large opening is contrived —
which ;• closed in winter by a shutter; and in
summer a frame is fixed upon it, and to which
should be nailed a fine lattice-work, or ralher a
metallic c!oih, to keep out the flies ; outside of this
lattice is p'.-.jed a grating of iron netting, fine
enough to ; rotect it from the cats, rats anil mice.

The aperture for the wiudows — fortified with
iron bar.':, 'should be closed in winter by glazed
sashes, or b ■ shutters, and in summer by frumes
coverc'i .villi n latlic ''ko ihat of which we have
itiir A '"'*S'.-*h s'.ndd be perfectly clqeed. By
means of this latticed frame, a cooling current of
air can be obtained in summer which drives away
all offensive smell.

The greatest cleanliness should be observed in
a dairy. The milk should be washed up very
carefully — wherever it has fallen — before it sours.
No spider's webs, nor dirt of any kind should be
allowed ; in sunjuier particularly the floor should
be often washed : this should not however be re-
peated so often as to produce a consuuil moisture,
which would communicate to the milk a mouldy
taste. Wooden soled shoes, kept perfectly clean
should be always at the door of the dairy for the
use of those who enter it; that they may not bring
in any dirt upon their feet.

The second room which forms the vestibule is
exposed to the South, and protects the dairy from
the heat of the summer. Shelves and brackets
are placed all round to hold the utensils, which
are dried there. It contains also a boiler upon a
furnace, which serves as we have before said to
beat the water for washing.

The third room is the cheese room. — A dairy
intended for the manufacture of butter shoidd have
three rooms, like the cheese dairy — ^the third room
containing the chiu'n. If cleanliness is essential
in a dairy where cheese is made, it is indispensable
here. The least negligence in ibis respect pro-
duces serious injury. Every one knows with what
facility milk is penetrated by the odors which sur-
round it, and what a pernicious effect these may
produce.

(To be continued.)

Things forgot in months |
Now do, at the last.

Old Poem.

194

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 31, 1S34.

From the Soitthtm Agricvltnrist.
RAISING DUCKS AND TURKIES.

In the Agriculturist of last year, appeared two
articles, one on the best mode of raising ducks,
and the other on turkies. Two seasons have since
passed away, and the writer of this has been ena-
bled to test the efficacy of those directions, and,
in every instance that has come under his knowl-
edge, they have been attended witli perfect suc-
cess. The directions for raising ducks were to
feed them on animal food and keep tiiem dry. In-
dividuals, who have adopted this plan, have sent
to our markets from 500 to 700 ducks of the finest
kinds, and tliey have had no diseases among them,
and found no ditficulty in raising them.

Two or three individuals who tried the experi-
ment of driving their turkies, when young, to a
ilistance from the house, where the greatest num-
ber of insects were to be found, and feeding and
bousing them in the manner directed in the Agri-
culturist, have stated tliat they have raised from
100 to 300 turkies, and have pronounced it to be
ii method which, of all others, they believed best
calculated to he attended with success.

From Niks' Weekly Rf^ster.
PRODUCT OF "WOOLi.

The Philadelphia Price Current estimates the
crop of wool in the United States at seventy-five
millions of pounds. We think this amount is much
overrated. The committee of the New- York Con-
vention of 1831, to whom this subject was refer-
red, estimated the crop of that year at fifty mil-
lions ; and we then thought from iimch personal
information on the subject, that the estimate was
sufficiently high — the number of sheep being put
down at 20 millions. Now at 2i i)f/imds each,
the number must be 30 millions, to yield 75 mil-
lions of pounds of wool.

If the latter be correct, how great is the value
of the property vested in the growth of wool in
the United States. At the rates calculated by the
very intelligent committee just alluded to, the ag-
gregates would stand thus :

30,000,000 sheep at $2 each, $60,000,000

10,000,000 acres of land to

feed them, at $10 * 100,000,000

From the BaUimore Farmer S,- Gardener.
BNEE PI.A1VT.
I feel confident the Bene, plant would flourish
and thrive wherever the okra and tomato are now
raised, with this diflerence that the Bene thrives^
and grows best on a poor sandy soil, not quite strong
enough for the okra. From the Bene seed the
purest oil in the world is expressed. It is ac-
knowledged by all foreign and domestic epicures,
to whom opportunities have been affi)rdcd to try it,
that it is superior to the finest olive oil, for all the
purposes to which that foreign oil is applied ; and
superior in another important particular, it never
becomes rancid — like Madeira, the older it is the
better. Mr. Milledge, a former Governor of Geor-
gia, sent a bottle of the Be7ie oil to Mr. Jefferson,
or some other high functionary of Government,
v\'ho uidiesitatingly pronounced it superior, in all
its qualities, to the olive. We only want a jjroper
machine in Georgia to express oil liom the dimin-
utive Bene seed, to supersede in the course of a
few years, the use of every other oil for domestic
purposes. A visit from, with the ' cute' observa-
tion of, a citizen " away down East," would soon
" find out the way," not only to enrich himself
with a patent, but to receive the thanks and plau-
dits of the whole South.

the dose increased two drops a day until it produ-
ces stranguary, when the dose should be dimin-
ished a little and continued until the disease is re-
moved. We have been recently informed of the
good etTects of this mixture in a great number of
instances, and one very remarkable case has fallen
within our notice, in which the disease in its worst
form vanished before it in a few weeks, although
the patient had been long using without advantage,
the usual and other most powerful remedies for
this troublesome and painful malady.

CURE FOR WEAK EYES.

Take a small lump of white copperas, say about
the size of a pea ; put it in a small phial, holding
about two ounces of water ; carry this in the pock-
et, and occasionally taking out the cork, turn the
phial upon the finger's end, and thus bathe the
eyes. This will positively efl^ect a real cure in a
short time.

The capital then vested in the
woollen manufactories was
estimated at

$160,000,000

t40,000,000

Fixed capital, $200,000,000

The committee supposed that the whole num-
ber of persons employed in 1831, in the growth
and mauufactiu-e of wool, the product of provis-
ions and other branches of business directly de-
pendant thereon, at 162,000; and that the value
of the manufacture being 40 millions, $24,750,000
of that sum passed into the hands of the agricul-
tural population, for materials and supplies, and
labor of all sorts, and profits earned by them.

We regard this as certain, that the growth and
manufacture of wool in the United States has a
greater value than the growth of cotton.

* ll is supposed thai one acre of preliy good land is neces-
sary for Ihc feeding of three sheep throughout ihc year — and
especially in the niirlhcrn Slates, including New-York, whfre
ihey most abound. The present number in Uie State jnst named
is, probably, near 0,000,000. It was SJ millions m 1825.

t And certainly has not increased since — and the persons di-
rectly employed by ihcni at S0,000.

From the Poughkecpsie Eagle.
COAI..
The question is often asked, " which is the best
coal, Lehigh, Peach Orchard, or Lackawana?"
The answer to the question depends upon the man-
ner and jmrposes for which it is used. For heat-
ing only, by the Nott or cylinder stoves, Lehigh is,
beyond all question, the best coal. Broken small,
it will ignite about as quick as any other ; will af-
ford a more intense heat, and last longer. After
it is well ignited, it should not \)e disturbed. Left
to itself, in a stove with a good draft, it burns to
ashes, and of which it makes but little in compar-
ison with Lackawana or Peach Orchard, and which
if taken up carefully, will not make near as much
dust as the former, and but trifling, if any, more
than the latter. Broken quite small, it is a fine ar-
tide for cook stoves with a good draft, and espec-
ially when used in the rotary stove. No anthra-
cite coal will burn well without a good draft. —
Although Lehigh docs not make so much blaze at
first as the other coals, yet as the heat it aflibrds is
so much greater and purer, it serves for cooking
purposes equally well. These observations are
made as the result of actual experiment. Owners
of furnaces who have used the different coals in
their works and given them a fair trial, acknowl-
edge that with Lehigh they can get more ami purer
iron than with any other. Add to all thi.?, this
beautiful coal, at $6 50 per ton, is allowed by all
who have tested it, to be the cheapest. A saving
will be made in the use of all kinds of anthracite
coal by covering it with a layer of pea coal after
it becomes well ignited.

From the Boston Medical anil Surgical Journal.
CHRONIC RHEUMATISM.
We are not reaily to add to the number of the
remedies which have been prescribed for this pain-
ful disease, without a certainty that such adilition
will be valuable in practice. This certainty we
are convinced will attend the remedy it is the ob-
ject of this article to bring before the profession.
It is a mixture of equal parts of the balsam of sul-
phur and spirit of turpentine. Six drops of this
j mixture may be given morning and evening, and

APPLE TREES BEARING ALTERNATE
YEARS.

Those who have had any thing to do with or-
chards, or who have paid any attention to apple
trees, know very well that some trees will not bear
a full crop every year. The cause of this is pro-
bably the exhaustion of the trees during the bear-
ing year. In those years the tree hangs very full
indeed — all its powers are put forth to bring forth
and ripen such a heavy crop ; and this expense of
sap or other matter, so exhausts the system that it
requires a year of rest to bring up its energies.
This may or may not be the true cause ; at any
rate the fact is well known ; and many who have
good varieties of apples have regretted that they
coi;ld not change this state of things in regard to
particular trees, and have a crop every year. Mr.
D. Longfellow, of Winthrop, well known as a
successful orchardist, inforins us that he has suc-
ceeded in changing this habit in a variety of June-
atings which he had in his orchard, which bore
alternately. His manner of doing it, is this :

Having other trees which also bore alternately,
hut not in the same year with the Juneatings, he
was convinced that engrafting the two others, the
habit of one would counteract that of the other,
and a ' nullification' of them be produced. Ac-
cordingly, on a bearing year of the Juneatings, he
took scions from them, and engrafted them into
stocks which would that year be barren. The re-
sult in the cases which he has tried, justifies the
conclusion which he had drawn, and he has June-
atings every year.

Whether it is necessary that the scion to be en-
grafted should be taken from its parent on thei
fruitful year or not, we cannot say, or whether
this system will be attended with similar result ini
all trees which hear in this way, or have barrew
and fruitful years, we are not able to say. It is,'
however, a subject worth attending to; and we
should be happy to learn any facts from those who
have had experience in these things. — Maine Far-
mer.

USE OF A PHYSICIAN.

I used to wonder, says a witty letter writer, why
people should be so fond of the company of theil
physician, till I recollected that be is the only pen
son with whom one dares to talk continually 01
one's self without interruption or contradiction!
or censure ; I suppose that delightful immimitj
doubles their fees!

vol,. XIH. NO. as.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

COLIiEGTIOai AND DIPFCSIOIV OP USEFUL.
KNOWL.EOGE:.

It is a saying sanctioiieil liy the authority of

Bacon, tliat " knowledge is power." Of all tlie va-
rious sons of power, enurnci-ated by that great
philoso|>her, this seieiiis hy iJir the most important.

What gives one man any real superiority over an-
other but the l^nowleflge he possesses? What
enables some individuals to produce abundant har-
vests,— to carry on a prosperous commerce, — to
establish successful manufactures, — to excel in
mechanism, or any other useful art, but the acqui-
sition and judicious application of that knowledge
in which others are deficient?

That the jtower and prosperity of a country de-
pend on the diffusion of useful knowledge can
hardly be questioned ; and there is, probably, no
irt, in which a variety of knowledge is of more
sssential importance, than in that of agriculture,
rhe e.xtent of information necessary to bring it to
my thing like perfection is far greater than is gen-
irally supposed. To preserve the fertility of the
loil — to free it from superfluous moisture — to cul-
ivate it to the greatest advantage — to raise its
iroductions at the least expense — to procure the
lest instruments of husbandry — to select the stock
ikely to be the most profitable — to feed them in
he most judicious manner, and to bring them to
he most advantageous markets — to secure the
arvest, even in the most unpropitious sea-
ons, to separate the grain from the straw with
conomy and success, and to perform all the
ther operations of agriculture in the most judi-
ious modes, require a greater extent and variety
f knowledge, than might, at first view, be judged
jquisite.

But though a geueral knowledge of agriculture
lay be diffused over a great country, it is found
y experience that it cannot be materially improv-
i, unless by comparing the various practices which
ibsist, in different parts of the same kingdom.
ne district has been led to pay a peculiar and suc-
issful attention to one branch of husbandry, or
f a fortunate accident, some important discovery
IS been made in it, while other districts excel in
her particulars of equal importance. Mutual
mefit is derived from the communication of such
cal practices. Of this, the improved modes of
iring by Elkington — the warping of land on the
inks of the Humber — the drilling of turnips and
itatoes in the northern part of the island, and the
ore geueral use of the threshing-mill, and vari-
13 other articles of agricultural machinery, may

cited as examples.

The advantages that may be derived, from the
suit of those inquiries which have been carried

by the Board of Agriculture, in so far as re-
rds the culture of arable land, may thus be briefly
ited. The means have been explained, by which,

fertile districts, and in propitious seasons, the
■mer may, on an average, confidently expect to
ip from 32 to 40 bushels of wheat, from 42 to

bushels of barley, from 52 to 64 bushels of oats,
d from 25 to 32 bushels of beans, Winchester
iasure, per statute acre. As to green crops,
rty tons of turnips, three tons of clover, and
m eight to ten tons of potatoes, per statute acre,
ly be confidently relied on. In favorable seasons
: crops are still more abundant ; but even these
srage ones, spread over a large proportion of
■■ united kingdom, would produce more solid
alth than foreign commerce coidd ever furnish.
Sinclair.

195

MARINER'S COMPASS.

A correspondent from East Bjidgewater, (Mr.
Samuel Rodgers,) has sent us a specimen of a tern-
porary compass, to bo used at sea, in case of acci-
dental loss of compass. It may be made in this
manner : — Take a i)iece of steel wire — a sail nee-
dle will do, after the point and eye are broken off:
liold the middle of it over a lamp, till the temper
IS taken out ; it then should be flattened a little in
the middle, and a puncture made to keep it steady
on the pivot : it should be bent a little in the mid-
'le so as to admit of its being balanced by its own
gravity; charge it with magnetism in the usual
manner ; poise it on the point of a common needle
and it will traverse freely, and point to the north.
— Centinel.

STOCK.

I do not think that farmers in this vicinity pay
that attention to improving the different breeds of
their neat cattle which it would be profitable for
them to bestow. And to what is this owing?
Is It not to the sceptical conclusions which they
have adopted concerning the practicability of the
subject ? The idea is prevalent that the breed is
nothing, feed every thing; that this in fact is all
that is necessary to make fine animals. But this
IS a very mistaken notion, and one which ought to
be exploded. Good keeping is an excellent thing,
It IS readily granted ; but it was never known to
reduce bone or offal, or to produce any ratlical
change in the animal physiology. It may serve to
perfect the nature, such as it is, and this is all it
can do; change it, it never can.

Those who affirm that their disbelief in this mat-
ter is derived from nothing less than their own ex-
perience, cannot, to say the least, I think, have en-
joyed the benefit of an enlightened experience.
Their mode of operations must have been defec-
tive, and the error probably lies in not conforming
their practice to a rule, the observance of which
in every particular is necessary to ensure complete
success. It consists simply in breeding from dams
and sires of distinct blood, who possess themselves,
and are descended from ancestors who possessed be'-
fore thein,the peculiar attributes and properties which
it is sought to perpetuate in the progeny. An ad-
herence to this rule, so far as it is practicable,
would be productive of results with which I am'
persuaded, farmers would have no reason to be
dissatisfied. It is important always to know what
is the proper course to be pursued ; and in the
present case, such knowledge may serve to guard
us from two very common errors, viz. first that of
breeding from near relatives, according to the "in
and in" system, as it is called ; and secondly, thai
of disregarding ancestry, and forming our expec-
tations of the character of the progeny solely from
that of the parents.

I cannot but think, were all farmers hereafter
carefully to eschew those fatal errors, and to reg-
ulate their practice according to the foregoing sug-
gestions, we might confidently anticipate a speedy
arrival of the period when there would be no
longer occasion for the old saw, " a good cow may
have a bad calf." — Old Colony Democrat.

A hint to the rich. Mrs. Carter declares that liv-
ing money is a very inconsiderable part of charity ;
" but," she adds, " my wretched inactivity seldom'
allows me to do any thing more, and therefore I al-
ways feel it a duty to do in this instance what 1
can."

From the Boston Courier.
I A CHRISTMAS TAI.E.

En!(Mii)g our private room a few days since, we
noticed on the table, a stone pof, of the capacity of
about two gallons, with a clean bit of brown tow-
cloth tied very securely over the top, and a card
sewed thereon, bearing the following superscrip-
tion :— " Editor of the Courier, Boston." " What,
in the name of wonder, have we here," was our
first and very natural exclamation : on which the
clerk placed in our hands a letter — a beautiful
sheet of straw-colored letter-paper, having a super-
scription similar to that on the card above mention-
ed. The contents afforded a specimen of chirogra-
phy, which Mr. Bristovv himself would not be
ashamed to acknowledge. We will not attempt to
epitomize the contents, for we are confident they
would suffer by the process. Here they are in full,
verb, et lit. et punct. etc. etc.

Mrs. " Cobm Yerks" has the pleasure to present
her most resjiectful compliments to the Editor of the
Boston Courier for the very kind and honorable no-
tice he has taken of her dear husband's recipe for
making apple-sauce out of pumpkins. And agreeable
to his (the Editor's) suggestion, she herewith sends a
pot of the '• rael gemvine" pumpkin apple-sauce— one
half of which is, bona fide, pumpkin.

And she hopes, that after this testimonial of her
personal regard— and after he has proved it by the
bestof experiments— a dish of it along with a turkey,
duck, or chicken— or a spare-rib, sirloin or mutton
leg— on a Christmas or New Year's day, he will, as
he has promised, "give his opinion of its merits" to
the public, in his usual felicitous manner.

And fur:her,she would not consider herself entitled
to the hoiiniy he so kindly offered— a copy of the
Courier gT«<iS,— for she has been a reader and ber
husband a paying subscriber of his excellent paper
for several years past. M as. " Cobus Yerks "

Bernardston, Dec. 6th, 1834.

Now we think this is one hair slicker than any
thing that our fashionable blue-stocking ladies can
write, though we would not insinuate that many
a farmer's wife in New England would not write
as well.

But our pot of pumpkin applesauce: It was
carried home, and has proved genuine. The first
day after its arrival it was duly honored, not only
by the approbation of our little family, consistin«-
in round numbers, of fifteen, but also by the en-
thusiastic approvance of two or three gentlemen
who were providentially with us to take dinner'
One of them, a bachelor, after eating of the deli-
cious sauce, and hearing the letter of Mrs. Yerks
—which we read to the company for their edifical
tion,— inquired very seriously, if the lady had nuy
daughters that were marriageable .'—an inquiry
which we regret it was not in our power to answer
The other, who is also a bachelor, and soinethin.^
of a chemist, and withal, pretty well acquainted
with the domestic economy of our Yankee Farmers
said that so delightfully were the ingredients min-
gled and so happily were the respective flavors of
each run into the other, as it were— the sweetness
of the pumpkin subduing and mollifying the tart-
ness of the apple, and the acid of the apple, im-
parting sprightliness and pungency to the saccha-
rine heaviness of the pumpkin— that the delicious
compound was like— like— nothing on earth but

PUMPKIN APPLE-SAUCE. '

(C?°The recipe for making this new and econom-
ical article, will be found in the Courier of Nov 22
under the title "Geoponics," which see. '

See likewise N. E. Farmer, p. 146 of the cur-
rent volume.

196

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 31, 1834.

From l.oudoKs Gardener's Magazine.
CBI-TIVATION OP TREES FOR TIMBER.

Brief Observations on Preparing the Ground for Plant-
in/r, on Pruning, and on the Cultivation of Trees for
Timher. By Mr. Geobge Burton.
It has been coiiteiided by soine, that a well-
prepared soil and good culture occasion a too ha.sty
growth, and, consequently, the deterioration, of
timber; and, by others, thai the fibre of the wood
is strengthened" by a vigorous growth, and that
the best culture w'ill, with a suitable soil, give the
best timber. Now, neither of these opinions is
entirely correct ; for, when the ultimate bulk of a
tree is compared with that produced in the first
twenty years of its growth, it is of little conse-
quence, perhaps, to the converter [the manufac-
turer of the rude tree into forms fit for the use of
the carpenter, &c.], if it is sound, whether it grew
quickly or slowly, nor will, that be inquired after;
and the best culture does not affect the growth of
the jdant, perhaps, beyond that period, as the cul-
tivated ground is then filled with roots, and the
plant must thenceforth depend on the substratum
for its support. I speak here particularly of the
oak. But there are two points which make it de-
sirable that a ))lantatioii should grow rapidly in its
infant slate: the first is, the satisfaction which
the proprietor derives from seeing it thrive, as also
from drawing a quicker return of profit by tlip
earlier cutting down of the nurses ; the second is
of still greater importance, as a plant growing
freely for the first twenty years is sure to give a
greater length of stem than one that is stunted ;
as we find that those subjects, both in the animal
and vegetable creation, generally arrive at the
greatest perfection, which are well supplied with
nourishment in their early state. Although tim-
ber may be harder and closer in the grain by a
slow growth, and well suited for many purposes in
common life ; yet it is only on soils and situations
that are favorable to free growth, that we can ob-
tain trees of sufficiently large dimensions to be
suitable for the various purposes of civil and naval
architecture.

In every case, tlien, for the rearing of the best
sorts of deciduous forest tree'fe, a preparation of the
soil, by trenching, is to he preferred where practi-
cable; and the liberal use of the hoe, and even
shallow digging in the winter, for three or four
years after planting, will mucli benefit the i)huUs :
at the end of which period, if the plantation has
gone on well, these may be discontinued, as the
trees will then nearly meet. It is to be inuler-
stood that the i)lants are to be put in about 4 feet
apart, and not less than 3 feet, according to soil
laid situation.

Pruning will next become necessary : but here,
MS in llie case of preparation of the soil, men are
divided in their opinions, some recommending one
mode, and some another; but all concurring in this,
that the object aimed at is, to obtain tall, clean,
and sound limber; and, certainly, no object is of
greater importance to the interests of this kingdom.
The barbarous practice of cutting to 'within 1
foot, or less, of the bole, leaving stumps or siuigs,
is now nearly exploded in theory ; yet is grievous
to sec that it is still too commonly practised in
most parts of the kingdom, to the no small injury
of the timber : so difficult is it to get out of estab-
lished habits, even when these are known to be
pernicious. The present observations may, then,
be limited to an inquiry as to the conq)araiive
merits of the close pruning and the foreshortening

methods ; or whether both may not be blended
together in' practice, according to circumstances,
in order to obtain tall stems as free from knots and
other defects as the case will admit of, in conjinic-
tion with the health of the plant, and the object
of prolonging its growth to the longest possible
period.

It may be observed here, that no branch, from
the size of the finger upwards, can be severed from
the trunk without a proportionate injury being
sustained; decay to where the branch first had its
origin being the certain consequence of removal :
cunsiqucnti'y, the larger the branch is at the
time of in-uning, the greater will be the injury
sustained by the timber. This may be verified by
inspection of the growing subject, even when the
wound has been healed over for a few years, by
boring into the part with a small auger or large
gimlet ; or by the converter, when the saw is ap-
plied. But, if the branch or shoot be taken off in
its infant state, and when not more than an inch
in diameter, the injury will be less in proportion ;
anil, in fact, a small speck only (which is but of
trilling consequence) will appear in the timber.

If a purpose cannot be obtained without some
sacrifice, it is wise and prudent to adopt that plan
which will cause the least: therefore, at the age
of three or four years after planting, let a (ii\'/ of
the largest branches be cut off close, and also any
that may have become competitors of the leadmg
shoot ; being careful, however, not to remove too
many in one season, but to leave a sufficiency to
keep the plant in vigor, and to carry it forward
with strength of stem in proportion to its'height;
for, unless a sufficiency of branches be left, this
necessary end will not be obtained. This process
ought to be performed annually ; or, at most, every
two years, when the shoots to be removed will
seldom exceed ah inch in diameter. The best
time for this operation is in the spring, before the
flow of the sap commences. It will not nnfre-
quenlly happen that a strong shoot will present
itself, "which it may not be prudent immediately to
displace, as it would leave the jilant too nakeil in
that part. In such case have recourse to fore-
shortening, taking off a third or a half down to a
leader. This will check its luxuriance ; and it
may so remain for a year or two, when, the plant
having formed more branches upward, it may then
be cut off close. Thus proceed by degrees, as
the tree gains height, until it reaches a point,
where, from soil and situation, it ceases to ad-
vance : pruning is then no longer necessary ; the
head will form, and the tree will go on enlarging
in girth so long as health and vigor continue.

In the foreshortening method of i)runing, na-
ture is partly left to do her own work ; as the sup-
porli.'rs of this system take it for granted that,
when a branch is retrenched, it will gradually de-
cline in vigor, and at last die and fall off, without
any assistance of ours: but we are not yet told at
what period we may expect this to take i)lace.
Until this is done, we proceed upon uncertain da-
ta ; and, so long us the branch so foreshortened
continues, so long must the defect of the presence
of a knot remain ; and, even at last, when decay
takes jilace, some years may elapse before the re-
mains fall ofl' close to the stem ; and even then
the part has to be healed over, and a portion of
decayed wood will still be left within the bole.
The c.\clusion of light and air, by close planting,
will do much to facilitate the end jiroposed by
this plan ; but to maintain the plant in a proper

state, it must have space sufficient, so as not to be
forced up too hastily.

There are, however, many eases where fore-
shortening may be practised with great advantage,
as in hedgerow timber, where it is desirable to
keep the, head within moderate bounds; also in
woods, where the undergrowth is in request as
cover for game ; and in places where copsewood
is of more than ordinary value ; as, by due atten-
tion to this mode of pruning, the head of the tree
may be kept conical, instead of flat, and an equal
extent of surface be presented to the atmosphere for
the benefit of the planti The foreshortening meth-
od should also be practised in all cases where it is
wished to curtail or retrench randiling branches.

These leading points kept in view, they will
embrace most cases connected with the rearing of
timber, so as to render it tall in the stem, and as
sound and free from other defects as circumstances
of soil and situation will admit; so that, by close
priming generally, and foreshortening occasionally,
they may be so combined as to produce the mosi
fiivorable results.

It may here be remarked that the defect called

wind-shakes, which is often imputed to soil, more

frequently proceeds from trees being drawn i\\

too weak when young, and afterwards suddenly

exposed by the removal of all the underwood a

once; which, from its being often permitted ti

stand uncut too long, increases the evil. Th(

same defect is also produced, at a more advancer

age, when part of a wood is cut down, by the sud

den exposure of those which are left, to the effect

of every blast. Another evil attends sudden ex

posure," from the cold acting on the sap-vessels an

the sap, and preventing its propulsion or ascen

and, consequently, depriving part of the plant c

the degree of nourishment which it had been ac

customed to receive. Hence we see frequenll

dead-topped old trees, and stunted young ones, t

also the evil of a profusion of small lateral brand

es breaking out from the trunk ; which latter oi

currenee often arises, also, from injudicious an

excessive pruning, which, as well as sudden ei

posure, ought to be guarded against, keeping i

mind that prevention is better than cure. Bu

above all, as the principal cause of decay and ro

teimess in the stem is from injudicious lopping c

of large branches, let that be avoided, except

cases where foreshortening or terminal prunin

for certain purposes, may be resorted to.

At the expiralion of four years from the time
planting, if the plantation have iirospercd, and tl
plants be beginning to meet, it will be necessa
lo commence thinning: but this is shamefully nc
lected in too many places, often to the total ruin
the whole plantation. It is here taken for grant'
that the plants were put out not wider than 4
nor less than 3 ft. asunder ; that the nurses cons
principally of larch, spruce fir, birch, and t
Scotch pine, where the soil is light and the siti
tion exposed ; and in certain places, where s
and situation are suitable, and underwood is wai
ed as a cover for game, or for other valuable pi
poses, that the hazel has been freely planted :
general about three nurses to one principal will
a due proportion, probably the birch and lar
may have taken the lead, and it may be proper
begin the thinning with them. No specific ru
however, can be given for this operation, as it v
depend on the relative growth of the plants. 1
principals should always be kept clear, so that
branches of the nurses do not overhang or ini

VOL,. XIII. NO. as.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

197

fere with tlicm. As it will frequently happen that
the removal of a nurse plant might expose the
principal loo much, in such case let such branches
of the former as encroach upon the latter be fore-
shortened, or cut in, for the present, so as to give
sufficient light and air, to the end that the plant
may not be drawn or forced up unduly, and may
possess a proper strength of stem to resist the
winds and maintain itself in vigor. It will not fail
to strike the reader, that plants may be left closer
in exposed situations than in sheltered ones ; sud-
den exposure, at all times hiu'tful, should be sedu-
lously guarded against: hence an annual, or, at
most, a biennial thinning, ought not to be ne-
glected, so that the plants m;iy enjoy as nearly as
possible a uniform temperature, by which they will
be kept in a constantly growing slate. This j)ro-
cess being regularly carried on for fifteen or twen-
ty years, the whole of the fir tribe will be removed,
except on spots where, from the occasional failure
of other plants, it may have been proper to retain
them, or on the outsides of the plantation, where
they may be left for shelter or for ornament.

Thus, with due attention to close pruning in the
early stage, and judiciously combining with it the
terminal or foreshortening system (seldom remov-
ing more than one year's growth will make good),
and foreshortening where necessary, keeping the
heads of the principal plants clear, and taking care
also that they do not snlfer from the side branches
of others, good timber, free from the common de-
fects occasioned hy injudicious management, may \
he expected, and will, in all cases, where the plant
has been suited to the soil, be the residt.

In the coniferous trees, or fir tribe, various
opinions have also been given on the required
management in regard to pruning. The gi-eat de-
fect in the timber of j;his clSss of trees is the knot,
which can only be obviated by pruning. But this
requires to be done with much discretion. Even
when planted thick by nature's hand, it is many
years before the under branches decay and fall oft':
and in some of the species, after the branch has
ceased to live, it will remain for many years as a
peg, before it drops clean off, so that the wound
may be healed over. If planted at 4 feet apart,
and on suitable soil, in five or six years they will
require the pruning-knife ; and, as in the case of
deciduous forest trees, care must be taken not to
over-prune (which would injure the growth of the
plant), never leaving less than 3 tiers of branches
untouchcil, and in exposed .sites 4 tiers may. be
left. If they are gone over every two years, it
will not be necessary to take oft' more than two
tiers of branches at a time ; the best season for
this operation is in the spring, some weeks before
the sap is in motion : let it be done close and
smooth, and continued until a sufticient length of
stem is obtained. In thinning these plants, par-
ticularly in exposed situations, there is some dan-
ger, and it ought to be proceeded in with caution.
These trees having thick tops, long stems, and
being shallow-rooted, the wind acts upon them
with great force ; and when an opening is njade,
either by plants dying or by being injudiciously
thinned out, much damage is likely to ensue. To
keep the tops free from intermingling, yet not so
much so as to introduce a current of air, is the
safest practice. By thus proceeding, each plant,
as in the case of deciduous trees, will have the
means of fully imbibing by its leaves, and perspir-
ing away the crude part of the sap to make room
for a succession. Having guarded against the

wind by a moderate thinning, it becomes expedient
also to attend to the outsides of the plantation, to
prevent its inroads there, by leaving the outside
plants unpruned ; which will notoidy give warmth
and security, but will present a better appearance,
by concealing the naked stems within.

The leaves of trees seem destined by nature to
perform two essential functions : first, strongly to
inhale, during hot weather, moisture from the at-
mosphere during the night, in order to repair the
waste occasioned by the perspiration of the pre-
ceding day ; and, secondly, to receive the juices
propelled to them from the I'oot, and, as secreting
organs, to prepare and elaborate the sap so receiv-
ed, to fit it for the support and enlargement of all
the woody parts of the jjlant. Hence every branch,
according to its size, after appropriating to its own
use what is necessary, sends down the residue to
the stem and roots for their enlargement, as well
as for the multiplication of 'the roots; which may
be proved from the roots of every tree being in
the ratio of its branches. Thus every part of the
plant acts and reacts : the branches are augmented
by the roots, and the roots by the branches.

Pontey and some others consider that the prin-
cipal use of the leaves is to attract the sap up-
wards ; and that tapering stems are occasioned by
branches obstructing the ascent of the sap, and
also applying it to their own use ; thus preventing
the enlargement of the stem upwards: so that,
according to their ideas, if the lower branches are
removed, a greater portion of sap will go to the
enlargement of the stein above. The author of
these observations believes the reverse to be the
fact, and that the brancli, according to its size and
vigor, administers to, and increases the size of the
bole, below its insertion ; and hence, from the up-
permost to the lowest branch, the tree will be
tapered, not because the sap is obstructed in its
ascent, but because the bole is better fed below
by the prepared sap from the' branch or branches,
which is constantly descending and contributing
to its enlargement, like tributary streams pouring
into a river; thus, by removing the lower branch-
es, the stem becomes less taper, because a part of
the supply of prepared sap is taken away, and a
proportionate enlargement of the lower part of the
bole is prevented.

ARCHITECTURE.

FARM BUILDINGS.

The first object when a new set of farm build-
ings is to be erected, is to fix on a proper situation,
which ought to be as near as possible to the centre
of the farm, more especially if it be arable. Noth-
ing can be more preposterous, than to continue
the old system of having the farm-houses placed
in villages totally detached from the farm ; a plan
which originated from the want of domestic secu-
rity in feudal times, or the dread of foreign inva-
sion. If the farui buildings are placed at the
corner of a large farm, .i part of the land will
probably be neglected — less manure will be sent
to it — the expense of cultivation will be materially
increased — the strength of the horses or oxen will
be uselessly wasted in going backwards and for-
wards ; and the remote parts of the farm, will be
left in a state of miserable pasturage ; or when oc-
casionally broken up, the crops will necessarily be
inferior to what they would have been, under a
dift"erent system.

It is sometimes assigned as a reason, for not
having the farm-houses and otnces in a central

situation, that at another part of the farm, a bet-
ter command of water can be procured for family
use, and for the farm stock, or for driving a thresh-
ing njill, by which a great saving in the labor of
horses or cattle is secured. That, however, is only
an exception to the general rule, for it may be laid
down as an axiom, " that the farm-house and
offices ought to be placed, as nearly as possible
in the centre of a farm."

Where the circumstances of the case admit of
it, the farm-house should front the south ; for by
this means it is less exposeil to the cold northerly
winds. The farm-stead should be placed on a well
aired and dry spot of ground ; and, if it can be
had, an elevated situation is always preferable.
This is not oidy the most conducive to health, but
an advantage of considerable importance is obtain-
ed, namely, it puts in the power of the farmer, to
see what is going forward in every direction. —
Where the house, on the other hand, is built in a
low and humid spot, the crops of the occupier,
however dry and well conditioned when brought
from the field, will soon acquire a softness, and
perhaps mustiness, very injurious to the value.

In the construction of the dwelling-house, utility
and not ornament ought principally to be kept in
view. At the same time every builder of taste, in
fixing on the site and plan of a new farm-house,
and out-buildings, ought certainly not entirely to
overlook the embellishment of the country. It is
disputed, whether the house ought to have either
wings, or a lean-to behind, or whether the whole
should not be under one roof Many think that a
house of three stories, the kitchen half sunk, is the
driest, the cheapest, and the most convenient.
Others prefer having the kitchen in a wing, at-
tached to the house.

A farm-house ought not only to be convenient,
but shoidd have such a degree of neatness and
uniformity that an idea of comfort and happinese
may be given. It should have a little plat of gar-
den ground or shrubbery either before or behind
it. In the latter case it is placed more distant from
the effluvia of the dung-hill. In the former the
out houses, laborers, and cattle are more immedi-
ately in sight. The windows should be large and
the sashes placed rather nearer the outside of the
wall than is usual ; because, if wet, they will in
that case, sooner become dry. The house should
be at a moderate distance from the other farm
buildings, not only for the sake of purer air, but
the risk of setting the buildings on fire, by sparks
from the chimnies of the house may be avoided.
This is another argument in favor of placing the
garden Ijetween the house and the farm buildings.

Many an industrious farmer has obtained the
character of being a bad husbandman, from hav-
ing been unguardedly led to exhaust his capital so
much on buildings, as to disable him from apply-
itig an adequate proportion of it to the purchase of
proper stock or to the cultivation of the soil. And
it may be laid down as a maxim, that though a
farmer is well entitled to accommodations, in pro-
portion to the size and produce of his farm, yet to
erect these on a larger scale than circumstances
require is wasteful prodigality. Above all, increas-
ing the expense by making ornamental erections
cannot be too cautiously avoided.

During the present year there have been erect-
in Philadelphia 361 new buildings, among them
are 100 dwelling houses, 215 stores, and 2 church-
es. In 1833 the number erected was 452.

198

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DECEMBER 31, 1834.

NEW ENGLAND FARMEK.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DEC. 31, 1834.

SEA WATER

For the New Englajid Farmer.

ANn BURNING

FOR MANURE
CIiAY.

Mr. EiitTOR — Ag the New England Farmer is, by
common consent the medium tlirough which all ques-
tions on agricultural subjects are proposed, by persons in
want of information, permit me to make the following
inquiries, and to solicit answers.

1st. Has Sea Water been used as a manure in this
part of the country ? And if it has, with what effect .-■

The Farmer's Jissistant recommends sea-water as a
manure, worth " driving into the country at the expense
of 1000 a mile." If it is in fact thus valuable, why is it
not generally used .' Many thousands of acres on our in-
dented sea coast, might be manured with it at small ex-
pense.

2d. Has Burnt Clay been used as a manure, and with
■what effect .■'

Almost every farm has clay within its limits, and \c
clay can be converted into manure, with small expense
the knowledge how to prepare and use it, will be of im
mense benefit to the farming interest. The metliod of
preparing Burnt Clay mentioned in the Farmer's Assist-
ant, of " taking small billets of wood, or faggots of brush,
and pile them up in the form of a sugar loaf three or four
feet high," I should suppose could not burn much clay,
or require "watching day and night," the quantity of
wood would be so small. J. B. T.

By the Editor. We do not remember to have seen
any late notices of the use of sea water for watering
plants, nor as manure. Dr. Deano observed in sub_
stance that potatoes received much benefit by being wa.
tered with sea water, about two quarts in a hill, it being
one hour's work for one man to water one hundred hills
at that rate. The crop was half as much again as in the
same number of hills adjoining. ' The water was applied
to the sod just after planting the sets, which Dr. Deane
Bupposed to be the best time of doing it, as there can be
no danger of burning the young shoots, as the salt will
be mixed with rain and the moisture of the earth before
the shoots are produced. The same author mentions a
piece of flax, whicli was in the month of June very short
and yellow on one side of the piece ; but of a good color
on the other and much taller. This induced the owner
to water the poor side from the sea. In ten days it was
equal in length and color with that on the other side,
though very little rain fell in the time. At pulling, the
watered side was evidently better than the oth=r. These
experiments were made in a clayey soil.

In a sandy soil, watering the ground where French
turnips had been just sown, had an excellent effect
Though it was a spot where the turnips had been de-
stroyed by insects for several years successively, they
generally escaped this year. Not more than one pailful
was applied to a drill row two rods in length, wetting
the ground over the seeds soon after sowing.

Sea water applied to tender plants most commonly
proves too strong for them if applied when the ground
is dry. But if it be wet the strength of the sea water is
abated by mixing with the moisture in the soil before it
is taken up by the roots, aa Dr. Deane asserted that he
had found by experience seeds hear the application of
sea water better than young plants.

Sea water, besides common salt is impregnated with
several other substances which probably produce an ef-
fect on vegetation. Among these are Glauber's salts
(Sulphate of soda), Epsom salts (Sulphate of magnesia),
Muriate of magnesia, called bittern by those who manu-
lactutc salt from sea water ; besides animal and vegeta-

ble matters, held in solution, which, no doubt, contain
food for plants.

If, however, sea water or common salt are used for
manure it should be in small quantities. They cannot
be said to constitute the food of plants with any more
propriety than we can say salt, pepper or spices are food
for animals. These condiments, or sauces in small quan-
tities, are useful to season the food of animals; and salt
plaster, and some other mineral manures likewise, in
small quantities season, or qualify the food of plants to
become a part of their substance. If sea water were a
powerful manure we should suppose that there would be
no barren beach or barren shore within the reach of tide-
water ; but that the flux of the sea would fertilize soil
like the wash of a cow-yard. AVe have, however, but
little confidence in our own opinion on tliis subject, and
should be happy to learn that of any of our friends and
correspondents, who have any practical knowledge of
the effect of scai-water as a fertilizing application to
soil.

Burnt Clay. With regard to burning clay for agri-
cultural purposes, the following is extracted from " Es-
says on Field Husbandry," by the Rev. Dr. Jared

Elliot.

receipt for burning clay.

" Any sort of clay will do for ashes, but that of red-
dish color is accounted the best for that purpose.

" Dig your clay with a spade, in spits of the bigness of
ordinary bricks ; dig two, three, eight, ten or twenty
loads of clay, more or less, as you please ; take small
billets of wood or faggots of brush, pile thein up in the
form of a pyramid or sugar-loaf, three or four feet high
then take these spits of clay, after they have dried in the
sun, surround your pile of wood with them, laying them
close to the wood, and laying them one upon another,
till you have enclosed your pile of wood, only leaving a
hole on the side to put in the fire, and a hole on the top
to make a draught ; then surround again with spits of
clay from top to bottom as before ; and then again a third
laying in the samo order, then kindle your fire. When
it is well on fire, stop up the holes with clay, the innate
fire will heat the clay till it grows so hot that you may
put en wet clay in great quantities ; but you must mind
and not put on clay so fast, or lay it so close as to put
out your fire, for if pou do, you must begin all anew
If you desire to burn as much clay as that the heap
grows so high that you cannot reach to fay it up, you
may build a stage with boards, by which you may ad-
vance to as great a height as you please. Tlie pile must
be watched and tended night and day till it is fairly
burnt."

The author of the book from which this receipt is tak-
en, very much recommends clay ashes, and states that
forty bushels of these ashes make a full dressing for an
acre of land. The operation of burning clay for manure,
though in some respects similar, is still very different
from that of paring and burning the sods and turf of a
verdant soil. In burning the turf of a soil vegetable
matter capable of becoming food for plants, is decom,
posed and given into the atmosphere, in the forms of
certain gases, such as carbonic acid gas (fixed air), car.
buretted hydrogen gas (inflammable air mixed with car.
bon, or coaly matter). But in burning clay, without
turf, manure is manfactured from the clay , which without
being burnt would answer no good purpose as food for
plants. [To be continued.

HORTICULTURAL. REGISTER,

Jind Gardener's Magazine.
The first No. will be published to-morrow, and those
gentlemen who are disposed to encourage the work and
wish to commence with the Vol. will please forward
their address. Those at a distance who cannot see the
work to judge of its merits, by ordering and receiving
the first No. if not desirous of continuing it, shall by
sending it directed to " N. E. Farmer office," have their
subscription discontinued and no charge made.

Geo. C. Barrett.
Boston, Dec. 31.

i..t«wi»^im.imi.i.M,nwu|nf»r-f1ir llilll fTBT

Campbell, the poet, has arrived at Algiers, and was
presented to the governor, Count D'Erlon, on the 27th
of October. It is said to be the intention of Campbell to
study the literature of the country. In this we think he
will have a wild goose chase, as the Bedouin Arabs are
not very remarkable for their belles-lettres. — Merc. Jour.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

An adjourned meeting of the Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society was held at their room, on Saturday, De-
cember 27th, 1834 — E. Vose, Esq. presiding.

The chairman of the committee, to make a report in
relation to Mount Auburn Cemetery being absent, fur-
ther time was given tiiem to make their report.

On motion of George Bond, Esq. it was voted, that
when this meeting adjourn, it adjourn to meet on Satur-
day, Jan. 3d, at 11 o'clock, at such place as the Secre-
tary pro. tem. shall designate.

Voted, That notice of this adjournment be given In the
usual manner, and also to every member of the Society i
residing wilhin this Commonwealth, through the Post
office, st.ating that the object of the meeting is to act on a
proposition to transfer all the interests of the Horticultural
Society in the garden and cemetery of Mount Auburn,
to the proprietors of lots in the cemetery, and also to
act on such other business as may come before them.

Voted, Tiiat in case the committee on the subject,
should agree on a report seasonably to lay it before the
adjourned meeting, that they cause five hundred copies
of the same to be printed, for the use of the members.

Adjourned. CHS M. HOVEY,

Rec. Sec. pro. tem.

EXHIBITION OP FRUITS.

Saturday, Dec. 27(/(, 1834.
From Mr. Manning — Conway, Mela Caria, Wine, Pas-
se Colinar.

From Messrs. Hoveys — Russet apple. This apple was
one of the first we have tasted this season, being very
rich and highly perfumed, much resembling a Passe Col.
mar pear. For the Committee,

SAM'L. POND.

The committee on fruits of the Massachusetts Horti,

cultural Societ}', arc requested to meet ai the Horticul

ural Rooms on Saturday next, at 12 o'clock, on especial

business. For the Committee,

SAM'L. POND.

ITEMS OP INTELLIGENCE.

Late accounts from Sir Isaac Coffin, received at New
Bedford, state that he was confined to his bed with ill
ness, at Cheltenham, (Eng.)

The thermometer at Thomaston, on the night of thi
14th inst. was depressed to 15 degrees below zero — a
Calais to 18 degrees — and at Franconia N. H. to 22 be-
low.

The Court of Common Pleas at Ipswich, adjourned oi
Tuesday last. Ira D. Meservey was sentenced to th'
State Prison fiir two years, for passing a counterfeit bil
to Mrs. Wallis, in this town. — Salem Gazette.

Jl Si/rcn. Le Chameleon, a new French weekly pa
per, states that a fisherman, at St. Valerysur Soinme ha
caught one of the fish anciently called syrens. It is
kind of seal, with the head and breast of a human forn:
so that when half out of the water it exactly resembled
woman.

VOL. XIU. NO. 35.

Among the Almanacs for 1835, ig the ' Comic Alma-
lac,' with illustrations by Cruikshank ; also among the

ennys is the ' Hat Almanac,' 'Paragon Almanac,' &c.

The Duke of Wellington is now first p™ tcm. Lord of
he Treasury, Sec'ry of the Home, Foreign and Colonial
)epartments, First Lord of Admiralty, President of the
Spard of Control, Secretary at War, and First Commis-
.oner of the Woods and Forests ! He will continue to
ct m these manifold capacities, and in any other, we
resume, that may be deemed necessary, until Sir Rob-
rt Peel, who has gone to Italy, returns. The choice of
uy office m the Government, including the Premiership

reserved for that all important personan-e, It will pro-
ibly be a fortnight before he can arrive in England, and
II then, at least, the Duke will remain the sole respon-
ble Minister of the empire. This state of things is, we
dieve, unprecedented.

A Pol,jglot.~Mrs. Lucotha Minerva Candacie Cyrene
ilec.a Cotterell lately brought her petition before the
^gislature of Missouri for a divorce from Henry Miles
)ttereli, Esq. We think not only that the Legislature
ould grant the divorce, but that the Attorney General
ould prosecute Cotterell for polygamy. We haven't
ard of such a Harem since the days of Solomon, Kina

Israel.— JV. ¥. Courier. "

iUxandria. (Lou.) JVov. 2Crt._We have seen a letter
iring date of the 2.5th August last, addressed by Ste-
in F. Austin, to some of his friends in Texas.
M the time of writing the letter, Austin was confined
prison, at Me.^ico, and there was little prospect of his
edy liberation, as tlie charge upon which he was de
led aif a prisoner is no less than high treason for
ich he must be regularly tried before the proper tri-
.al of the country. He says Santa Anna, the Presi-
t, IS friendly to Texas and to him, and would have
him at liberty before this time, if it had not been for
mfluence of certain persons in Coahuila and Texas,
> have represented him to the President and Congress,'
very unfavorable hght.— Intelligencer
imaica JYov. 28M.-The great matter for speculation
he conduct of the apprentices, the late slaves; and
his question the Governor and Legislature of the
id are clearly at issue.

committee of the legislature has had under exam-
on a large number of property holders, as to the
its of the new apprentice bill. It seems to be the
.on, that under some kind of management the sys-
might have succeeded ; bat under existing circum-
:es there appears no hope of success, and the culti-
m of sugar must be given up.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

AND

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,
HORTICULiTURAI. JOURNAI,.

199

The above publication is continued with improve,
munts by the Subscribers, and is devoted to Agriculture,
Horticulture, Floriculture and Rural Economy.

The work is printed with a new and elegant type and
good paper in a quarto form ; paged, making a volume of
41U pages a year, to which a copious index is furnished
gratis.

The value of the Farmer will be enhanced by an
increased^ correspondence with scientific and practical
cultivators, and with notices of experiments and details
of facts connected with Agriculture and its kindred
branches of Gardening, Orcharding, &c., and will be
made worthy a place in the library of every Gentleman
and Farmer.

Subscription price is $2.50 per annum in advance.

THOS. G. FESSENDEN,
GEO. C. BARRETT.
Boston, Dec. 1834.

PRICES OF COUNTUY PRODUCE

Corrected_wlth great care, weekljr.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEEDS.

^ Just received at (he New-England Seed-slore il & 51
North Market-street, ' •«. ^.

A quantity of fresh and genuine White Mulberrv-sced from
one o( the greatest Mulberry Orchards in Connecticut, war-
ranted new and good, directions accompanying each package

Dec. 31, 1834. GEO. C. BARRETT? '

REAL ESTATE AT AUCTION.

nnS" Y'^^'^^y "^^ 27;b day of Januarv next, will be sold al

pub c Auction at the house of Dexter Brigham, Innhol.lar fn

VVeslboro , at 10 o'clock, A. M. the followfng described prop"

iit^^r^ '^ ">« Estate of the late Charles Parkma„,^ir:

wf« h„^°"' ^^'"'' '°, '^"^''' '""^'"'^ ''" 'he easterly pan of
Westboro'. containing about 60 acres j i u,i u,

•The Warren Farm, so called, situated in the northerly part
of Westboro', coniammg about 40 acres

vv^'lt "'*."'•'' ^'"■"'- "" '''''"'"'' situated in the westerly pari of
Weslboro', containing about 80 acres f"" "■

'I'he Ball Pasture so called, situated in the southerly part of
Westboro', coniauiing about 50 acres. "

Also,— Two Dwelling Houses, with about 2 acres of land
situated near the old Baptist Meeting-house in Westboro'

Also A new two-story Dwelling House, with half an acre of
ln.i^d,siluated near the Meetiug-house in the centre of Wesl-

ihc'^ruSibers"''""'"'' 'PP"'^*''"" "-'^y '"= '"^de to either of
Charles B. Parkman,)
George Dennv, f Executors.

„, ^, , „ Charles P. JoNis, 3

IVfiiAoro', X>cc. 22, 1834.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

^^'^^^°^<'^ ^■^'y,^ii<:k-ror sale by LORING & KUPFER
Wo 10 Merchant's Row. ]„ sep3

Apples, russets,

Beans, while,

Beef, mess, (new) .....
Cargo, No. )....""

prime,

Beeswax, (.American) [ '. ]
Butter, inspected, No. 1, ! '.
Cheese, new milk, .

skimmed milk, . .
Feathers , norihern. geese

southern, geese, . .
PLAX, American,. ...
Flaxseed, none
Flou14, Genesee,' .' .' .' eaj],.
Baltimore, Howard str. .
Ballimo/e, wharf, . . .

Alcxantlria,

Grain, Corn, nnrlhern yellow, . .
souihern yellow, . .

while,

iiye, Northern, . . . .

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)
Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, . . . '.
Hard pressed, . .

HONEV,

Hops, Isi quality (new) . . . ',

2d quality . . '. ',

Lard, Boston, Istsort, . . ! 1

Southern, Istsort,. .'
Leathbb, Slaughter, sole, . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . .
" upper, . .

Philadelphia, sole, . '.
15altimore,sole
Lime, best sort . '. ' ' '
Pork, Mass.inspec.,extraclear
,Navy,Mess, . ...
'Bone, middlings.
Seeds, Hertrs Grass, (new) '. '.
Red Top, northern, . . ]
Red Clover, northern, none
WhileDutch Honeysuckle

1 allow, tried,

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4ths do.
do. 1-2 do

do. 1-4 and common

Native washed

c r Pulled superfine, .
S'J I 1st Lambs, . . .
:5=<^2d "

|s.pd '• . . ;

2 I IstSpmning, . .
Souchcrn pulled wool is generally
5 cts.less per lb.

EROM to

barreJ a 50 3 (P

busiiel 13 0 I 62

barrel J& 00 11 OO

" I 7 00 f; 00

"

0 50 6 75

pound I 2o| "It

"

I4| 16

*'

8 9

"

2 U

"

40 46

"

SG 40

pound

) 10

bus he

barrel

5 60 5 62

"

5 37 5 SO

5 .iU 5 62

"

5 5C

5 62

oushel

. 7C

75

' '

6a

68

"

68

70

**

80

82

''

60

62

"

37

40

Ion

IS 00

19 00

•'

13 00

14 00

*'

14 00

15 00

gallon

37

42

pound

10

12

10

11

pound

9

7

84

"

17

1»

lb.

10

12

pound

15

17

lb.

18

20

pound

27

30

"

25

27

cask

1 00

barrel

17 00
13 00

18 00

"

8

■3 58

bushel

2 55

2 .'V)

"

76

87

pound

8 10

"

25 31

owl

7 00 7 60

60

65

pound

50

58

'*

45

50

"

36

42

32

36

"

3S

40

5(1

56

"

40

46

"

30

33

'

23

SS

"

35

40

SILKS AT REDUCED PRICES^ '

Yal^Jh,"^ Brevver intending to make a new arrange-
•ed prices',"vi2'" ' "'' "'' ^'"' ^"""^^ "' ''^'i'

P:e_cesBlk Grosde Naples (slightly spotted) at 25 cts per

ie do '"mH''!?-'^"-^r- Superior s'atins IIZ-
d.b. do.-lO do. do. 3s.— 6 do. Rich Striped do. 3s.9 -

,? t 6 -"'5"'?; CoI'd Pouli de Soies,'^3s._36 do. do.
di "st:: ; ?• "^^'"^ ^"<- Siuchaws from 2s.6 to 3s.6.
Caufon P ' *""«-'• '°2s.6.-l 00 Dress Patterns Fig.
50d dn 1?^' "" 6s. per palterii_30 do. do. to match,
nervard "nTii^'-'^-Sl.Pr''^ "'^'='< Canton Crape
lo do ifj: I "^^^'y «"< Tu'k Satins (4-4 in width)
ff'd and P H^"'"""' »''T''' •'°- ''""""O" d"- 3»— 10
ftabrick i H f""'""?' !'•''--" •^"- Grecian Shallys of
B^k r1 ?-*'"'=' ?'-^-;7» '■<='" P'e'^es Foulards at 5s.
.,Bk. Brown, Green, Lt. Blue, Pink and yellow Salins-
'H4 Washington-street, Dec. 27ih, 1834.

BLACK CURRANT AVINE.

-d'*wUh"ilf °/h"''' 'r'""' '" '^'S'''-^ esteemed by all ac
utETT 5lT„H'r'"i^ P;°Pe"'es,ju.st received by Geo,
»RETT,51and 52 North Market street. aug 13

BREMEN GEESE.

sale, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese by

GEORGE C.BARRETT-

MOLLIS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT

For .Sprains, Bruises, Wind-Galls, Old strains, Stifl' joints
fewel ed or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are striT- '
eu 111 the back sinews, WTung in the withers &.c •
. also lor Glandular swellings of the Throat '

carefMli'v^;^l»'!"i' T'''"'' ™'"P™'= "''■' P'-eP^'ation have been
carefully selected after many years experience, and are .ome
01 he most successlul remedies united, correclly proportioned
and happdy adapted to afi-ord relief in all the abo.!^ m^enbolled
complamts; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
art cle IS used, ii will be preferred to any other, a, it is decid-
ed^ the best and certainly the most convenient article in use.

N.B. Persons afflicted with Rheumatism, Sprains Cramp i
Numbness, StilTness or Weakness in the Joints^ will find Z'
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Drusgisl and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Bo.,ion, Mass '"Sg'st and

s^s^I^" ^"^^'''^ '"" '■^'l"^*'*'' '° ol'serve that each label is

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o2y

FARM WANTED,

—Within 25 miles of Boston on a lease for 5 vears— containin.-
.0 less than 100 acres-one on the sea coas't would be preTr"
dee 3 "' *' ^- ^- ^'''™'" "*"='=' post paid '

x''R0VIS10N MARKET
retail prices.

Hams, northern, • • i pound

southern, I ^ ,.

Pork, whole hogs,

Poultry,

Butter, (tub) .......

lump,

g«cs. .■.■.■;. [dozen

^"■^'^■roTs, \basM

Cider, (iicw.j . . . . . . . | barrel

6
9
14
18
20
37
'. 50

I '"-

' 9

7

11

17

20

26

50

2 75

I BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoNDAY, Dec. 29, 1834.
I Reported for the Daily Ailrcrtiecrand Patriot.

: Al market 762 beef cattle, 1250 sheep, and 125 swine.
Several hundred sheep have been before at market. |

Prices. Bf^/Ca«/f_ Former prices were not snpported.
Thecatllcgcnerallywerejvery large and much better quality
han lhe.v were ast week. We noticed a few very fine say 5
taken al 31s and 10 at 30. We qucfe prime 28 a 29s 6d ; ffood
26 a 27s -, thin at 20s a 24.

»,eej,-- We noticed one lot ordinary taken at 8s ; also lot.s
good at 12s 13s and I4s. Wethers at 18, 19 6d and 20s.

,. f T'"rrr°"* '°'- *"' '"''* ^' * '■'"• '""^ and 5 for barrows
al retail 5 for sows and 6 for barrows. '

SMYRNA SPRING AVHEAT.

wWch wm'hiT'' V"" ^l^"'' °^- "'"^ '""'™ kind of Wheat
IJ • V S""? '^ ^'aluable vaneiv, having been tried (w„
SOBu'Ke^ih"^"^''";' ''"''-Vie'd'"K55 Bushels one year and

call ^S ee h '^"'"'' ^**'' '° "■* ^"^i^ ^^'"'"^ «■'" please
can and see it. qeq. C. BARRETT.

WHITE DUTCH CLOVER^

6xT,t^tAiiTnre:C' '"" '"''' '"''''"" ^''' «'"«
r-lT't"- '^^''''"' D-'eh Clover in prime order, and far supe
nor to American Seeds, al reduced prices. sep

NOTICE.

Quare ftel " A^f ^''^'"^■' ^".'^ SASHES.-aboul five hundred

200

N

OF THE CARRIER OF THE

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

Once morR his annual compliments
The Farmer's Carrier presents;
With all due deference lays betore ye
That metrical salutatory,
Which custom's arbitrary sway,
Imposes every New 1? ear's day
On us newspaper proveditors,
The representatives of editors.

But could your rustic rhymer climb

To top-notch of the true subhme,

And cap the climax of mvention,

Above all human comprehension,

His Irish heroics would be vain

As horn-pipe harp'd to hurricane ;

O-' hush my dear,'; when tempessnse,

And blend the ocean with the skies.-

For nothing can attention hx,

'Mid the dire din of politics.

Save ranting rigmaroles and rigs

Of torv partisans and whigs,

And stuff so hissing-hot with slander,

A fire-king, or a salamander,

Or fiery d?agon scarce could swallow it,

And not annihilation follow it.

We can't exactly see the use

Of all this terrible abuse.

Which threats all character to sweep

To one vast ignominious deep.

Thoucrh formerly, we must conless.

We dealt in that line, more or less.

Now older grown, and, we hope wiser.

We're chang'd from satirist to adviser ,-

Rarely attack a knave or noddy

But quite the friend of every body ,

We would, and would have every man do

To all men all the good he can do.

Our politicians might contrive
To skin each other, all alive.
And not exhibit such atrocity.
Such catamountain-like ferocity.
As that which darkens some displays
Of party rancor, now-a-days.

Suppose old daddy John Bull's minions

Should publish strictures and opinions

About Americans, like those

Our own belligerent prints disclose ;

The universal Yankee nation

Would raise a shout of execration ;

All our newspapers and reviews

Would in their turn old Bull abuse,

And call this just retaliation

Of villainous vitupoiation.

Thus eitlicr party would acquire

An ugly knack at spiltmg hre

Like fighting dr.i^rous at '■^<=1' "l''":;' , „

When ?ach Ihould find in each a^brother.

Whom nature meant and still intends

Should be pre-eminently frienas.

Amendment, if you would produce,

Do not attempt it by abuse.

Mankind are like tlic quadruped,

Wliich won't be driven, but may be led;

And that way wili'uUy will wend

He knows his diiver don't intend.

Just pull him, by the tail, of course.

He goes ahead witli all his lorce.

Sucli is the most expedient plan

Of managing the biped man ;

What .lohnson phvascs objurgation.

Rarely etitxts liis reformation,

And il' his passions once take fire

He overacts the swine entire; • '

The wrong way if you stroke h.s bristles,

They're sharper than tlie pricks of thistles,-

Accost liim as you would a beauty.

And pride will lure him to his duty.

Though we abominate the tricks
Of partisans in politics,

EW ENGLANDFARMER,

We wish all men, in all conditions
Were well informed as politicians ;
All men of minds and morals good,
Their rights and duties understood.
If national affairs go wrong.
Our liberty will be a song,
A reminiscence of past times.
Known but in records and in rhymes,
A mirror, shewing us what we
Have been, are not, but ought to be.

We therefore ask, this new year's day,
A syllable or two to say
About our politics, but then
Will speak of principles, not men:—
Will not pretend to say who s right,
Whig, Anti-mason, Jacksonite,
Nor who would turn the nation up-
Side down, to put themselves a-top, —
But would a word ^ hira impart,
Who has the people's good at heart,
The upright, conscientious man,
Who scorns to be a partisan.

Tliat man will mostly miss his mark,
Who lets ids gun off"in the dark.
And he will often do the same.
Who fires without first taking aim ;
The freeman, therefore, who does not
Know who is who, and what is what.
From ignorance or laziness, ^^

In public matters goes " by guess,
Is no more fit to cast a vote
Than if he were an ass or goat.
Should demagogues or tyrants reign.
He has no business to complain ;
No, let him try to be content
With what he tried not to prevent.

Freedom's a science, has its rules,

Which should be taught in all our schools.

Knowledge alone can guarantee

A peopled rights and liberty,

As indispensable as hght,

To exercise the sense of sight.

There is a maxim, such as this.

To wit, that ignorance is bliss.

But then the adage ought to be

That ignorance is misery,—

Pain, poverty, atrocious crimes,

Which stain the annals of the times ;

And is itself a crime, I trow.

When, what you know you ought to know ,

You won't concern yourself about.

Nor take the trouble to find out ;

You shut your eyes, lest you should see, so -

If thou art ruin'd mote it be so.

Let Freedom's votaries apply

A watchful, scrutinizing eye

To all and each, in every station

Of trust and profit in the nation.—

Teach dealers in dishonest tricks

There's rectitude in politics ;

That roo-ues in public life are worse

TIjan one who takes his neighbor s purse,

Or stabs, or poisons, now and then

A man, or half a dozen men.—

For when a crime's of public nature

The extent of injury is greater,

Thouo-h oft committed with impunity

Is lelt°throu<vhout a whole community;

Sometimes involves in its relations

The peace and happiness of nations

Lrt candidates for public station,

To honesty add information.

But deal as little as you can

Willi what is call'd a cumung man,

Cunning, (a poet said) supplies.

In fools, tlie place of being wise ;

And true, the would-be subtle elves

Always at last out-wit tlicmselves.

Let this be then a general rule-
That every cunning man s a tool.
Not fit to iiold, a single hour.
The lowest pliice of trust or power.
Make honesty your indispensable,
Hold all intriguing indefensiWe,
Your fiivor will present a real
And mobi effectual ordeal.

i

DECEMBER 31, 1834.

And merit find in your regard
Us most appropriate reward.

We wish the sovereign people may
Most sedulous attention pay
To each and every servant, sent
Our majesty to represent.
Men wise, and otherwise in station,
In the grand council of the nation.
We wish it could be made a crime
To talk forever, at a time,—
Eke out, as Sternhold us'd to say,
A speech forever and for aye,—
Drive every body from the Hall,
And say just nothing, after all.

All this, your Honors may opine

Is not exactly in our line,—

That this long, prosing dissertation

■Is foreign to our occupation—

A Farmer's boy is not a statesman, ^

Yet dares admonish our first-rates men .

As if Columbian sage's were

Children, entrusted to his care.

And that we show ourself, in fact

Not only minus as to tact.

But something somewhat smart and tunny

Would win more favor and more money.

But since our farming population
Composes nine-tenths of the nation,
If ruling powers abuse their trust.
We Farmers suffer most and first ;
Your Carrier for years has been
Devoted to their cause, why then
Who has a belter right than I, bir,
To act the part of their adviser.
A weighty office to be sure,
Though sine cash, no siiiecure.
But with remarkable civility
We take its great responsibility.
And this Address we mean in fact
To be our first ofiicial act
In this our high important station
Of Counsellor throughout the nation.
To all employ d with head or hand
i'o till Columbia's happy land.

And now, may't please your Honors, judging «,

or what we have perfiirm'd, in trudging ^

To brino- vou more than fifty limes

Our Farmer, since last New Year s rhymes,

Y^our bounty surely must forbid

You not to grant a little guid

Pro quo to settle the amount

Of this our running small account :

We'll wish you tlien all happiness

That man can possibly possess.

The best allotment ever given

To mortals by indulgent Heaven.
Boston, January 1, 1835

THE NEW ENGI.AND FARMER

^Sv days from .be lime ot sibscnl.ii.g.areeiU.Ucdto a de,

"^^^Carefwill be senitc a distance without pay.
beingmaJeinadvance^^^^^g_

Neu, York-G. C. THORReBN 67 I .ber^y-stree
^,4„,,yWM. -rHOKBURNS^ Market ^'-'J;^,.^,^^^,.
P/,i/.*/^/.a-l). & C. LA^DRETH .,^^^^^ ^^. ^^^^^.^^^ j,^

^;;;s: ^^-^w^^NCE & so«s, prop Li„. boi

MM Lv. r^-W.oHT CHAPMAN Merchant.

Ati'nista. Jl/r.— WiLLAiin Snei.l, Uruggisi.
n-^odstork. IV.-J. A. Pn.JTT.
j-;^-^:^r!;^.^XV.S:Esq..d,.ororKec

St. Loin's— t^iEO. HOLTON.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Fori. & Dam
loexle 1 e every description of liooh an.ltnvnj .
loexceniee^t 3^^ ,,_.,,' .^„„_,„psg. Orders for

who

n good style, a
in^may be left with Geo

»'^.'"g-''?'>:'^'.X'^i^rBr:^-,at.heAg
..u?al -Warehouse. No. 52, North Market street.

NEW engl<aj:¥d farmer.

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (AT THE AGRICULTURAL WAREilOUSE.)_THS. G.FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOX., zzxx.

B0ST02T, 'WSSZTSSOil-a' SVESUXNG, JA3!nja.mr 7, 1834.

mo. 26.

For the New England Farmer.

DAIRY, &c.

[Continued from p. 103.]

17TX1IISIL.S JVECESSARY FOR ]HIt.K.

In this class of utensils are comprised those nc-
essary for milking, straining and transportation oi
nilk. Liglit white wooden piggins, well hooped,
re most commonly used for milking ; they have
ne stave longer than the others, and pierced hy a
lole at the top, to pass the hand through, to carry
be pail. It should he deeper than it is wide, am'
mailer at the hottom than at the top.

Some persons use copper buckets. Although
:ie short time the milk remains in the pails, espo-
ially as it does not become cold, may not allow
ie formation of any unwholesome combination,
et the use of wooden pails is preferable, as the
lightest neglect might occasion accidents with the
op|)er.

The milk is strained through a hair sieve to
3parate from it all hair and dirt. In some prov-
ices, a cullender is substituted for the sieve ; it.-s
)rm is that of a howl without a bottom ; the ma-
irial is comnjon clay or wood ; to strain the milk,
ley place upon this a white linen perfectly dry.
'his answers very well ; and is preferable to the
eve, because the hair of that article gets broken
I a few days, whilst the linen of the strainer can
3 taken off every time and washed separately,
'he vessels for containing the milk vary in form
;i,virdmg to its deaiiiia'tioc. We shiul piesci.'.i^
lention those used for making butter.

The vessels destined for the transportation of
lilk should be of tin, since wise regulations have
rohibited as dangerous the use of copper utensils,
his prohibition has met with great opposition
om dairy-women, who have remarked that milk
seps better in copper. This fact, justified hy the
cperience of Cadet Devaux, is also, according to
ni, a reason for excluding ir, since this preserv-
g quality only proves the dissolution of a por-
5n of the metal, and it is known what danger

incurred from copper dissolved by a greasy sub-
ance. The vessels are higher than they are large,
id smaller at the top than at the bottom. This
rm delays the rising of the cream, and conse-
leiitly preserves the milk longer in its homogen-
y. It is still more essential that these vessels
lould be of an unalterable substance, as general-
, in order to hasten the departure the next morn-
g, the milk is turned into them the evening pre-
iding, and consequently remains there all night.
Although this custom is not universal, it is ur-
mt to destroy it, as it is a bad one. The milk,
ling in repose during the night, decomposes, or

least its essential parts separate, and the cream
ies upon the surface of the liquid. To obviate
1 much as possible this inconvenience, the milk
istined for daily sale should be left in the even-
g in ordinary |)ots, and in the morning well stir-
d up to mingle it ; after which it may bs turned
to the proper vessels.

The same utensils are needed for making butter
at we have just mentioned, with the exception
' those of tin ; beside these are requisite some for
e rising of the cream, and others for churning
e butter. The vessels, most favorable for the
sing of the cream, are those which are small at

bottom and widening towards the top. The pro-
portions, generally ado))ted in the best kept dairies
are about 15 inches in diameter at the top, and six
at the bottom, and the same in height. These
pro|)ortions are the most favorable for the slow
;iiid gradual cooling of the milk, and for the com-
plete separation of the cream, wdiich gathers easily
at the surface. .In too large a vessel, and in one
with much dejjth, the cream being only a simple
pellicle dries quickly, and acquires a sharpness,
because it offers too large a surface to the air.
These pans should be of free-stone, and not of
glazed earth. The varnish employed for earthen-
ware does not possess sufficient insolubility to use
these vases with security. The pans should have
a spout for the milk to run out. Some are perfor-
ated at the bottom. The hole is closed when the
milk is turned into the pan, and unclosed when it
is to be turned off and separated from the cream.
We should however recommend in preference the
use of pans with a spout, because they are more
convenient, and the cork used for the others might
communicate a bad taste, unless it should be often
renewed and kept very clean.

When the cream has risen, it is taken off with
a skimmer, which is moved carefully over the sur-
face of the milk. Some persons wait until the
milk is curdled, before they take off the cream ;
but it should be remembered that the constituent
parts of milk separate easily, when in a state of
fi-o.at. Olid cii'inge fiuirkly. The wisest plan, i.s
to work with the greatest celerity, so as to avoid
the fermentation and decomposition of the parts
•which are to be preserved ; thus directly after the
cream has completely risen, it should be taken off,
and it will be all the better for it. There should
be also pans to hold the cream until it is ready to
be churned.

The implements for making butter vary, as do
all others, according to the country, and the neces-
sity of making a greater or less quantity. In
country houses, as well as in small dairies, the
churn is generally adopted. This is composed of
two parts. One is the churn properly so called.
It is a kind of truncated cone, made with staves ;
it is smaller at the top than at the bottom. In-
tended to receive the cream which is to be churn-
ed, it generally has four hoops, at the bottom, the
middle and the top. Flat ones are generally pre-
ferred to the half round ones employed for hoop-
ing casks — as they last a longer time, and are more
easily kept clean, while the first retains the drops
of cream, and contracts consequently a sour taste,
which it is diiiicult to remove, and taints the churn.
It has a lid which closes tightly but is movable.
This lid is pierced in the middle with a round hole,
for the dasher to pass through. This ia the sec-
ond part : it is composed of a stick, at the end of
which is fixed a small piece of wood, pierced with
many holes, and of smaller diameter than the en-
trance of the churn. The stick or handle is long
enough to touch the bottom of the churn while it
passes through the lid.

In large farms, the quantity of butter made is
so great that the churn is not used. Instead, what
is called a " serene" is used. This is a large cask,
hooped with wood or with copper (red.) Its di-
mensions vary ; with one, three feet long by two

and a half ilrdi^i.jeter, a hundred pounds of butter
can be made at once. The cask is placed upon a
horse, and of a convenient height to turn it easily.
It turns by means of a pivot and winch, fixed in
the horse one on one end and the other opposite,
by iron crns:-^es ; these are fastened upon Uie staiui
or horse, that the axle-tree may not pass through
the cask, in liie interior of v.hich iron should not
be admitteLl. When the "serene" is large, it has
two winches, one at each end, that it may be turn-
ed by several persons.

In the inside of the " serene" are two shelves,
about 4 inches large, and which are fa.s!( ned to
the staves of the barrel ; they are ranged from
one end of the barrel to the other, and are sloped
at the end, Ut let the milk run off. In the middle
of the barrel is an opening of six inches : This
serves to poi.r in the cream, and take out the but-
ter. It is closed by a stopper covered witii white
linen, which is fi,xed down tight by an iron plug.
There is another hole on the opposite side, about
an inch in size, closed by a stopper ; this serves
to let the .uttermilk run out, when the churning
is finished, and to introduce fresh water.

In the large farms of Holland, of Flanders, and
of Switzerland, where they make a great quantily
of butter, they use another kind of " serene" diirer-
ing from th.s in having the barrel immovable, the
cream beii:^; agitated by wooden flies, set in mo-
tion by oii axle-tree, which runs through it, and to
which i < XI 1 n vvincii ; this i.s the bjst method.
The iiarnii may be oi aiij sWp : it is nlac.<"i; noon .<
solid stand, that it may not move when the winch
is turning. This is set into the axle-tree of a
hand-mill of four wings, wliicli touch within an
inch the staves of the barrel ; tliis axlo-trfo bears
against the stave in the centre of the side opposite
the winch, and enters into a bracket wliich pre-
vents its getting disarranged. This barrel has, as
well as the other "serene" an aperture for the in-
troduction of the cream, and one to turn in the
water.

Still another " serene" is made use of, similar
to the first of which we have spoken — but without
winch or pivot. It is fastened upon a curved
stand, like the rockers of a cradle ; and tin- butter
is churned by moving it backwards and forwards.
It does not appear that the form of the ariicles in
which butter is made has any influence upon it.s
quality, which depends, as we have before said,
upon their cleanliness and upon the cream. The
English, who instead of a round cask make it in
a square box, obtain it quite as easily as in any we
\in\e described. Consequently, when chousing a
churn, the preference should be given to that
which works the quickest, is the most convenient,
and most easily taken care of.

The vertical churn, which we described the first,
is sufficient when but little butter is required — but
its operation is long and fatiguing. It is true it
can be rendered less so : different means hiive been
contrived for this, and are employed in some
countries. Sometimes, it is an elastic peich, fas-
tened to the staves, which facilitates the motion of
tlie dasher. Sometimes it is merely an axle-tree
and winch, with a wing ; or it is set in m ]tion by
machinery like that of a roasting-jack: tley like-
wise adapt to it a tambour wheel, in whch they

202

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JANUARY 7, 1835. j

pluce ii rfoji, tnuned for llmt purpose ; tins is tlie
the custom in Laii^'iipdoc and Provence.

In cm- opinion, tlio "serene" vvithont ;m interior
nr^italor, is tlie inosl preferalilc. The operation of
it^is not hiborious ; and it is easy Jfl- keep it in a
proper state of cleanliness, an advmituj.'e which
those with a handmill do not possess. When it is
iiwuh; lar'^'O, iiiacliiiiery can ho adapted to it, to ob-
viate the neces.sitv of employing many persons to
turn it. If water is at disposal, it can be used
heniiticially for this pnrjiose.

When the l.nttcr is made, it has yet another
operation to underRO—that of washing ; they knead
the hiilter, in its whey : When it is well consoli-
dated, and has no lumps, and appears qnite rich,
they wash it in s.'voral waters, until the last pours
off quite clear.

All the utensils of a dairy, should as soon as
they have been used, be put into boiling lye and
water ; afterwards rinsed in fresh water, and rub-
bed with a brush, or wisp of straw, or greek net-
tles ; afterwards drieil in the sun, or by the tire.
Too much care cannot he taken to keep them very
clean, because the least particle of old milk, ad-
hering to them, becomes a leaven of decomposition
for th'e new milk. Whenever the churn is used it
should be washed in boiling water, first ; after-
wards many times in cold water ; then rubbed
with a wisp" of straw, inside and out; afterwards
rinsed plentifully, drained and dried. Some per-
sons wash it first in whey, and then with fresh

water.

We have already said how necessary cieanlnicss
is in a dairy ; it is especially so with the utensils
which come'in immediate contact with the milk.
(To he continued.)

From Ike Geneecc Farmer.
SOUTH DOWN SHEEP.

A correspondent in the Cultivator notices the
arrival in the ship Hannibal, of six ewes and a
buck, of this hiuhly esteemed breed of sheep, im-
ported by Francis Rottli, Esq. of Hutternuts, Ot-
sego comity, from the famous flock of Mr. John
Rllman of England. Mr. Kotch deserves the
thanks of the community for his exertions to in-
troduce iuto our country the best breeds of ani-
mals to be procured in Europe. He has now, we
are informed, on his farm at Maple Grove, some
i.f the finest specimens of the Improved Short
Horn Cattle, which could be procured in England.
The writer in the Cultivator, speaks of this im-
portation of sheep as follows :

They were in fine condition, and did not appear
lo have siillVTed in the least from the voyage, which
is n strong argument in their favor as to hardihood.
The buck is r.iiber larger than they generally
arc, but of fine form and symmetry — great length,
round and deep in body— fine in the head and legs,
full and capacious chest, remarkably broad in the
loin and h(;avy in the quarters, and -well covered
with a close fine fleece of wool.

The ewes are eipially beaiuiful, and show higher
breeding than the buck, and of course not so large.
Take tirem together, I saw more to admire, more
.r„od points, more style and fashion about them
ihan anv others I ever witnessed.

This breed of sheep are justly becoming great
favorites in this country. They will, I think, cross
well with the Merino or our native sheep, giving
them stronger constitutions and a greater aptitude

to fatten.

Fromlhe«l'ransacliousoftlie I'eunsyivanian Ag-

ricultural Society, I have transcribed the following
ciceount of this breed of sheep.

" The South Down sheep are much smaller than
the Dislily — they are more hardy — their wool is
short, equal in quality to that of half-bre<l Merino,
— their fleeces are not so heavy — they carry more
fat within, and much more flesh without, than ei-
ther the Dishly, Tunisian, Irish or Teeswnter
sheep. By their activity and vigor, both of muscle
and constitution, they are fitl/ea to encounter every
difficully, as well as to end/.ire tlie extremes of
heat and cold. They occupy, in England, one of
the most exposed and least fertile portions of the
Island. Their mutton is of the finest kind, and
commands the highest price, although from the
properties of the sheep, it can be produced at the
least cost.

" I am of 0|iinion," says this writer, " that the
South Down sheep are as valuable a stock, if not
more so, than any other that have been kept in
this country."

" The fleece is close, heavy, and snfiiciently fine
for general purposes, and a small part fine enough
for any purpose to which wool is likely to be ap-
plied for many years to come."

From the New- York Farmer and Horticultural
Repository, the following description of these
sheep is taken.

" The South Down sheep are without horns ;
they have dark or black-grey faces and legs, fine
bones, long small necks ; are low before, high on
the shoulders, and light in the fore-quarter ; the
sides are good and the loin tolerably broad, back
bone too high, the thigh full and twist good. The
fleece is verv short and fine, weighing from two
and a half to three pounds. The average weight
of two year old wethers is about eighteen pounds
per quarter, the mutton fine in the grain and of an
excellent flavor. These sheep have been brought
to a high state of improvement by Ellman, of
Glynde, and other intelligent breeders. They pre-
vail in Sussex, on very dry chalky downs, pro-
ducing short fine herbage."

TO DESTROY VERMIN ON CATTI.E.

The following is an extract of a letter from oui
friend, Edward Ganigues, of Darby, (Pa.)—

"Observing some observations relating to de-
stroying vermin on cattle, I am also induced to
remark, that a cow much injured thereby, was
cured immediately by rubbing down the s|.ine from
head to tail, with Coc. Indicus, or rather a decoc-
tion thereof, which luoduced an entire new coat
of hair, and changed the appearance of the beast
so much for the better, that the former owner
would not have known her only by the mark of
while on her hide. — Gcncssec Fanner.

Interesting to Antiquarians. On Saturday last,
there was taken out of the bank to the .southward
of the meeting-house, near the stone bridge, in
Tiverton, the hones of an Indian, together with
seven guns, two iron kettles, with bails complete,
and four brass kettles, two kettles and seven bot-
tles of s])iriis, ail which we understand are novir
in the possession of Capt. George Lawton, in Tiv-
erton. This prize was discovered by the caving
(if the bank in a very high tide. — JVtwport (R. I.)
Republican.

Books. Lord Orrery has said, very happily,
that hooks when properly used, are our truest
friends, and our most comfortable companions.
They teach us in what manner to enjoy pleasures,
and in what manner to bear adversity. They
visit us without intrusion, and they converse with
us without restraint.

An Indiana paper descants, in raptures, on the
multitude of swine passing through that region to
wards Cincinnati, " the greatest hog market in tht
known world." It seemed, says the writer, "a:
if the vast arena of nature's store house was fillec
with hogs !"

A French dentist in London is using with si:o
cess a mineral marmoratum, universally reconi
mended by the faculty. It fills up the cavity ii
decayed teeth without the least pain, heat or pres
sure and in a few seconds hardens into an enani
el, forming a whole tooth out of a stump, arrestin
all further progress of decay, allaying in one iiiir
ute the most excruciating jiain, and rendering th
operation of extraction unnecessary. — .V. Orleai
Courier.

1 .Vimiier of plants cattn hy different animals. \it.
UKiis remarks that the cow eats 276 species k
plants and rejects 218 ; the goat eats 449 and r-
jects 126 ; the sheep eats 387 and rejects 1411
the horse eats 262 and rejects 212 ; and the ho.
more nice in his taste than any of these, eats on
72 species and rejects all the rest.

A Fact. A horse, tired probably of a hard day
work at sleighing, and I'eeling himself in need
some refreshment suitable to these holiday time
last evening set off at full speed down Pearl-stre
for Holt's Hotel, and enlered the refectory und
the building where a number of other gentlen
were at supper. But although he politely left t
sleigh on the steps, and said nothing insultin
any' one, his unceremonious visit was deemed ii
pertinent and intrusive, and he was, therefore, e
pelled the party. — J^P. Y. Courier.

MASS. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

ITEMS.

Tlie Ladies. Hannah More thought it a duty
to be always cheerful, and there is no cosmetic
half so serviceable to the looks. The true art ol
assisting beauty consists in embellishing the whole
person by the proper ornaments of virtuous and
commendable qualities. By this help alone it is,
that those who are the favorite work of nature, or,
as Dryden expresses it, " the porcelain of human
kind," become animated, and are in a state to ex-
ert their charms ; and those who seem to have been
neglected by dame Nature, like models wrought in
haste, are capable, in a great mensurc, of finishing
what she has left imperfect.

REPORT.

The Committee of the Massachusetts Society
promoting Agriculture, to whom was assign
the duties of awarding premiums for Butter a
Cheese, respectfully Report,
That owing to the indisposition of E. H. Der
Esq., they were deprived of his valuable servic
being however assisted, as on former years, by

T. Hastings, Hurd, G. T. Wiiithrop, and

A. Thompson, Esqs., they performed their du
to their own satisfaction, and they believe to gee
al acceptance. The quantity of butter and che
exhibited, though not greater than on former ye B
by its qualities convinced the Committee that i<
premiums oflered by the Society, had directed )<
attention of the farmers to the making and cui|(
it and in that way had secured the benefit exp t

vol.. XIII. NO. 86.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

ed. Tliere were twenty-seven lots of hulter ex-
hibited for premium, as follows ; —

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

Offered for premium and examined by CommiiUc,
., . December 3(1, 1834.

BUTTER.
No 1, 6 Tubs, Luther Chamberlain, Westboro',
Mass. Very prime and considered by the Com-
mittee to be entitled to the second premium of $50.
Premium awarded accordingly.

No. 2, 6 Stone Pots, Samuel Chamberhiin, West-
)oro' Mass. This lot the Committee considered

203

j No. 24, 7 Tubs, Henry Sprague, Barre, Mass.
Good — not entitled to Premium.

No. 25, 5 Stone Pots, J. Hunter, New Brain-
tree. Good — not entitled to Premium.

No. 26, 6Tubs,Rich'dHiIdreth,Sterling,Mass.
Prime, and very neally put down, worthy of miicli
praise and of the 4th Premium $20— awarded ac-
cordingly.

No. 27, .3 Tubs and 1
Wbately, Vt. Good as a
mium.

Ba

Barrel, .lonalhan Wait,
lot — not entitled to Pre-

tent and meaning of the Society to award two pre-

ot the Committee considererl Prime and fully eii-
itled to the 3d Premium of .'i!;30. Premium award-
d accordingly.

No. 4, 2 Tubs, E. D. Rockwood, Southboro'
(lass. Good, not entitled to a Premium.

No. 5, 2 Tubs, Oliver Johnson, Sterling, Mass.
)ne firkin very prime, the other good — not entitled
J a premium.

No. 6, 2 Tubs, Samuel Sawyer 2d, Sterling,
lass. Good — not entitled to premium.

No. 7, 8 Tubs, Jude Kimball, Lyndon, Ver-

miums to the same Dairy.

No. 29, 2 Tubs 5 Bo.ves, Luther Cbamberlai,,,
Mass. Good — not entitled to a Pre-

Westboro
niium.

CHEESE.
16 New, David Parker, Charlestown, N.

No. 1,
11. Fair,

No. 2, 10 New, Elias Ayres, Barre, Mass. A^ery
prime. This lot the Committee considered entitled

lont. Fair. — The remainder of Mr. Kimball's i to the 2d Premium on New Cheese of $30. Pre

offered for pre-

>t consisting of 14 tubs was not
lium.

No. 8, 10 Tubs, Israel Washburn, Reading, Vt.
air.

No. 9, 3 Tubs, Ezra B.Newton, West Boylston,
[ass. Prime. This lot the Committee deemed to
e worthy the 6tli premium of .*10. Premium
warded accordingly.

No. 10, 12 Tubs, N. Pierce, Ashburnham, Mass.
Ordinary.

No. 11, 2 Tubs, Geo. Dickinson, Deerfield, N.
. Fair.

No. 12, 6 Tubs, Wm.Bachop, Barnet, Vt. This
t the Committee considered very prime and justly
ilitled to the first premiuui of $100. Premium
varded accordingly. — Mr. Bachop had a large
t in the ball in addition to that offered for pre-
lum which the Committee did not examine.
No. 13, 13 Stone Pots, R. P. Worcester, un-
lown. Prime — very neatly put down, but not
titled to a premium.

No. 14, 9 Tubs, Gershom Cobb, Woodstock,
:. Good as a lot. — 1 Tub ordinary.
No. 15, 3 Tubs, Thomas Wrigh't, Sterling, Ms.
vo largest tubs considered very prime anA worthy
3 5th Premium of $15. Premium awarded ac-
rdingly. — The small tub of this lot the Commit-
! called good.

No. 16, 7 Tubs, David Parker, Charlestown,
H. Good, though not entitled to a Premium.
No. 17, 7 Tubs, Cloud Harvey, Barnet, Vt.
lod, not entitled to any premium.
No. IS, 2 Tubs, E. Hapgood, Shrewsbury, Mass.
od — not entitled to premium.
No. 19, 8 Tubs, N. Gushing, Woodstock, Vt.
ime — not entitled to premium.
!Vo. 20, 6 Tubs, Jason Chamberlain, Charlton,
iss. Fair.
No. 21, 6 Tubs
ir.

Smith Taft, Charlton, Mass.

mium awarded accordingly.

No. 3, 15 New, D. N. Pierce, New Braintree.
Very good.

No. 4, 17 New, Ebenezer Tidd, New Braintree.
Good.

No. 5, 14 New, John Hunter, New Braintree.
Fair.

No. 6, 14 New, Job Ranger, New Braintree.
Fair.

No. 7, 16 New, Lorenzo Converse, New Brain-
tree. Fair.

No. 8, 12 New, Daniel Hunter, New Braintree.
Fair.

No. 9, 14 New, Iloswell Converse, New Brain-
tree. Fair.

No. 10, 12 New, D. Bacon, Barre. Fair.
No. H, 18 New, D. Lee, Barre. Good.
No. 12, 17 Old, David Lee, Barre. Good.

No. 13, 13 Old, J. Matthews, New Braintree.
Very good.

No. 14, 13 Old, D. Hunter, New Braintree.—
Prime. This lot the Committee considered to be
entitled to the 2d Premium on Old Cheese of $30.
Premium awarded accordingly.

No. 15, 16 Old, Seth Davenport, Mendon —
Good. .

No. 16, 7 Old, Jona. K. Hoyt, Colebrook, Conn.
This lot the Committee considered very prime and
justly entitled to the lirst premium on Old Cheese
of $50. Premium awarded accordingly.

No. 17, 17 Old, Ebenezer Tidd, New Braintree
Good.

No. 18, 13 New, N. H. Moulton, Gilford, Vt.
Very prime. — Tiiis lot the Commitlee considered
worthy of the first (jiemium on New Cheese of
$50. Premium awarded accordingly

achop's butter was equal, at least, to Mr. Cham-
berlain's, and, from the manner it was put down,
appeared more likely to keep. — His dairy is sup-
plied from twenty-one cows, kept in tlie usual
manner, on grass in summer, and hay and grain
in winter,-^the milk kept in tin pans, and churn-
ed every morniug if the weather is warm, — the
butter-milk is removed by freipicnt washings io
water, and four pounds salt and one pound sugar

used for each hundred weight of butter, packed

in wooden vessels, and set in a cool place.

The Committee found no difficulty in awarding
the second premium of ,^50 to Luther Cliand>er-
lain, of Westboro'. The butter from this dairy has
long been celebrated. Mr. C. seems to enter into
the true object of this exhibition by furnishing a
particular description of the manner in which it i.s
manufactured. His letter, though long, is inter
esting, as coming from a practical man, and the
Committee think they need not apologize for in-
serting it entire.

{For Mr. Chamherlain' s Letter sec Farmer head, p. iiOG.]
The Conunittee have inserted Mr. Chamberlaiirs
letter at length, as a valuable exposition of tb<s
manner in which he makes butter, and as an ex-
ample for others to follow. That he pursues tlit:
best course in its manufacture they can have but
little doubt, and they feel certain that in attending
as he does to quality i-ather Jhaii to quantity, \k^
secures at once both reputation and profit. No
stronger proof can bo given of this than the fact
that his butter which took the second premium
sold at auction for a higher price than that lo wliicii
tlie Committee awarded the first, which could only
be accounted for by the fact that purchasers felt
certain that in taking Mr. C.'s butter they obtained
a first-rate article, as he suffered none il,;;i was in-
ferior to come from his dairy.

The third premium of ;J30,* was aw.-irded if>

Benjamin Fay, of Westboro'. The fomtli premium

was awarded to Richard Hildreth, ol" Sterling.

The fifih,t to Thomas Wright, of Sterlii g. It is

but justice to slate that the two largest tiiiis in this

lot were considered by the Committee as equal t»

any offered for premium. The sixth pnii};ura was

awarded to Ezra B. Newton, of West j.oylston.

There was nothing so i)eculiar in the

making butter by those who obtained th

premiums as to command more parlicii

There were twelve competitors lor the

on new cheese, and but six on those for

The Committee found no difficulty in

the premiums as above stated. There r.' peared,

however, to be no peculiarities in the i lodes of

manufacturing adopted l)y the successfi.i competi

tors, that fleserve particular mention, l-rom the

experience of this year, your Committee are coii-

lodes of
four last

tr notice.

lemiums

'!d.
warding

Th:

le Cotnmittee, after a careful examination,

ivfo 90 R T^ 1 r. c -.u AT u r. • | "'^"ded the first premium to Mr. William Bachop'

No.22,6T,ibs,O.Smith,New.Hampton. Fair, of Barnet, Vt. It was with some difficulty they

decided between this lot and one offered by Luther
Chamberlain, both of which were very prime.
They based their final decision on the fact that Mr.

No. 23, 7 Tubs, Seth Davenport, Mendon, Mss.
me — not entitled to Premium — a want of uni
mity.

vinced of the good efliects produced by t!).; oflfer of
these premiums.

The value of the i)remiums in them:- i- s, the

opportunity of the manufacturets scllii,;; directly
to the consumer with the assurance that the arti-
cle is good, pronounced by competent j'Les, and
the emulation necessarily produced I \ ' ringing
together so many specimens, cannot 1 i liave a
great effect in improving the quality ol iJiitler and
Cheese brought to this market.

All which is submitted, for the Committee.

JOSIAH QUINCY, Jr.

•Being the first for BuUer under 300 pounds, and ever 100
in quantity.

t Being the first for Butter under 100 pounds in quanlily.

204

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JAWrARY 7, 1S134.

THE SOUTHERN AGRICULTURIST.

[John D. Legare. Esq the able and courteous editor
of the Southern Agriculturist, has disposed of that work
to Mr. A. E. Miller, who has printed it for several years
past, and will continue to publish it. In the December
number Mr. Legare has taken leave of his friends of the
forming interest in an excellent Farewell Address from
which we have taken the extracts following :]

The. Subjcd of Rotation of Crops and Manures,
shcHihl command your serious attention. Without
referring to the mooted point of what is llie cause, ,
or entering in tile least into the discussion, it is suf- 1
ficient for iis to know, that any vegetable grown
long on the same soil deteriorates, even when the
ground is annually manured, unless the manure
used possesses the peculiar nutriment fitted for it ;
• and so true is this admitted to be, that it is acted
on eveii l>y the market gardeners, near London,
where rents are (Miormous, and manures made free
use of. It is stated, moreover, on high authority,
that it is a practic(,- with them to lay down u part
of their grounds in grasses, finding that the rota-
tion of garden vegetables is not sufficient, and that
by pur.-uiug this course, their profits are increased.
If tlieu it be so necessary, where manures are
used to such an extent as would astonish us in
this country, how much more necessary must it
be where so little is used, and wljere the supply is
so limited ? Rotation of crops is in some measure
a substitute for manuring ; and it is well known,
that ;ifter plants of a certain class, have exhausted
the' soil of all nutriment which will support them,
other plants will grow most lu.\uriantly on it, and
be for some time very productive. These, in turn,
eihaust the soil of their jieculiar food, and have
to yield their places to others. And such is the
course pointed out by nature tliroughout the vege-
table world, whether it be in the forest or in prairie,
the cultivated or uncultivated land.

But a rotation of crops can seldom, if ever, be
substituted for manuring, and should never be con-
sidered in that light, for although each plant may
have a certain specific food, without wliich it can-
not thrive, and which it may obtain by a change of
soil, and which is not necessary for the healthy
growth of other plants, which are to succeed, yet
there an; certain elementary constituents necessary
for all plants, and wliirh are required by all and
consumed by all, and which can only be supplied
by the annual decay of the vegetables which grow
on the soil, or by manures. Where the operation
is left to nature, the first takes place, but when
man interferes the second must be resorted to.
The object, however, of manuring should not be
merely to keep the soil at its jM-istine fertility, but
to improve and make it more productive. To et-
fect this, care should be taken that a greater quan-
tity is added to a field than is taken from it. Nor
shoidd it be a matter of indifttirence what manure
is carried into particular fields, for while some ma-
nures would be exceedingly beneficial in one field,
they might be inoperative or the very rever.se in
another. Nor is it always necessary that the ma-
nure should contain c-iilier vegetable or animal
sid)stances. To a still" clay soil, the addition of
pure sanil very often proves highly beneficial, and
clay is the proper corrective of a light soil. Wood
ashes, lime and marl, are most excellent manures
wheu juoperly applied, liut of all manures, that
which is obtained from the stable and farm-yard,
is the most beneficial, and consequently most to
be prized. The greatest attention, therefore, should
be paid to the collectiug and augmenting of it.

We need not here enter more fully into this
branch of. our subject. Our readers need only to
refer to the back volumes of this journal for all in-
formation necessary. The subject is undergoing
investigation daily, and as these investigations shall
bring to light new discoveries, they will be given
in the succeeding numbers of this work.

The next subject we call your attention to, is
the care of your Live Stock. It is all-important to
a i)lanter, that he should have an am|)le supp'.v "^
i manure : — with it he goes on to realize a iorluue,
uiul without it, he will at best remain stationary.
How many planters have been ruined, and how
many are there, who scarce make their income
and expenditures njeet: In many cases this is
more owing to a neglect of collecting and apply-
ing manures, than any other cause. Content with
what the natural fertility of the soil yiiilds, the
productions of their fields become less in each
succeeding year, and instead of supplying the
waste which lakes place, by the application of ma-
nures, they, in many eases, emigrate to the " far
West," leaving all the comforts of civilization, and
tearing asimder all the tender ties of early life.
Others are content to drag on thus, provided they
can hilt live ; when it would require but little ex-
ertion on their jiart, to [dace them in comfortable,
if not affluent circumstances.

A proper attention to the stock of the planta-
tion, (for all have more or less) would go far to
relieve the embarrassments of the planter, in this
respect. Let his horses and cattle, his sheep and
hogs, be properly attended to ; let ihem be taken
care of, during winter, and have their pens well
littered, and he will be amply repaid by the quan-
tity of manure he will have in the spring, to eli-
ri¥Ii those spots which are poorest. But even
apart from the additional manure which would be
made by proper attention, the many comforts yield-
ed by a well kept stock of cattle, sheep and hogs,
are suflicient inducements of themselves, to cause
us to pay more attention to them than we do. In-
stead, therefore, of permitting them to roam at
large during the winter, and losing a large num-
ber annually in the bogs of the swamps, let them
be housed, fed, and well littered. Let no one say
that this cannot be done, or only accomplished on
a small scale. The success which has attended
Dr. H. Ravenel, refutes this opinion. His stock is
large, they are all housed and fed during the win-
ter, and this is done by him on three separate
plantations, on each of which the number of cattle,
sheep and hogs, are considerable : nor does Dr.
Ravenel possess any facility for feeding them, not
wiihin the reach of all planters ; but he is provi-
dent, and his cattle fare well.

Another point to which we would call your at-
tention, is the want of system on most of our plan-
tations. It is but too common for all the opera-
tions of the plantation to be jierformed, as it were
on the spur of the moment, and not with that
order and regularity which should always govern.
Were our plantations under a more systematic
arrangement, the laborers divided and properly
apportioned to the various works suited to their
strength or ability : the crops properly equalized
us to quantity, so that neither may predominate to
the injury of the rest ; a strict accountability en-
forced, both from the overseer or manager, and
from each driver or head of a gang ; our planters
would have far less trouble in the management of
their plantations, and their profits, without doubt,
be much increased. In order to facilitate these

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ i

operations, .is well as for reference, regular books
should be kept, in which all the transactions oi
the plantation should be entered. As an example
of what can be accomplished, we refer our reader!
to the account of" Hopeton," (the residence of J
Hamilton Couper, Esq.) given by us in the 6th vol-
ume of this journal. This place is well worthy ol
the attention of all our planters, more especially
the young. It is certainly one of the best con
ducted plantations in the Southern states, and wi
have, as yet, met with none as well managed, ei
iher here or at the North.

From the Vergennes Gazftte.
POTATOES.
The following is the result of some experiment
I made during the present season in growing Pa
tatoes.

Presuming the produce would he such as t
|)artake too much of the marvellous for gener:
belief, and some small risks having been taken o
the result ; to place it beyond the reach of doul
or contradiction, it was agreed to appoint Sarnm
Willson, Esq. one of the Common Council of tl
city, and Mr. R. Stowell, measurer, to superinten
personally the measuring of the ground, the dij
ging of the potatoes and the measuring of them i
the most liberal manner, giving 38 quarts to tl
bushel. The following was the result of the di
ferent pieces':

No. 1, at the rate of 1361 bush. 8 quarts.

No. 2, do. do. 3410 do.

No. 3, do. do. 2041 do. 28 do.

No. 4, do. do. 1654 do. 16 do.

No. 5, do. do. 2253 do. 3 do. pr aci

Average of the whole number of pieces, 18-
bushels ."i, 133-161 quarts to the acre. The ca.
ing was performed by Benj. B. Allen, A. M. 'ai
Mr. Sidney Duntpn, Mathematicians,

This may certify that the above is a correct i
timate of the rate per acre of which the seve
lots of A. W. Barnum, (above described by th^
respective numbers) produced.

Benj. B. Allei
Vergennes, Nov. 23, 1834.
Owing to the early drought, my first plantii
(late in April) proved a failure, producing less tl
half a crop. In digging some early in July,
family use, 1 found they had not only ripened p
maturely, but had put forth shoots, a sect
growth. In August I discovered upon th
sprouts (which had then risen to the heigh
from 6 to 8 inches above the surface, assum
the top and appearance of a regular planted
tato,) small ])Otatoes from the size of a pea to I
of an ounce ball. I regret exceedingly I had
permitted a drill to have remained until the ut
time of gathering in the fall ; the experiment mi
have aflbrded some valuable information on
subject of growing this most useful of vegetabl
From the frequent experiments I have mad
fully believe that 1000 bushels of potatoes ma;
raised upon one square acre of laud with less I
half the expense it usually costs on four acre
the common manner of cultivating them. I vv(
most cheerfully communicate the manner I I
adopted, in planting, hoeing, &c., the result o
years' experience, aided by the valuable iufor
tion received from others, but presume, like n
useful hints daily published in our public jouri
it would be reluctantly read, and readily disreg
ed and forgotten. A. W. BARKUi

Vergennes, Dec. 24th, 1834.

VOL,. XIII. MO. ao

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

From the Maine Farmer.
TJNPERMENTED SAVILL,.

A question was asketl in one of our late num-
bers wliy unfermented swill was not so good for
hogs as that which was undergoing fermentation.
It is 1,'i'nerally consiilered that swill which is al-
ready undergoing fermentation will fatten swine
niucli faster, and, is of course, moru economical
than swill not in that condition. As no one has
a|)peare<l as yet fiir the purpose of answering the
question of our corr^pondent above alluded to,
we will venture a few remarks. Vegetable sub-
stanci's contain a large quantity of carbon and this
same substance also enters largely into animal ina-
;erials, especially into fat and oils, constituting a
arge |)ortion of these substances. It follows there-
fore, that in animals by the process called diges-
ion, a portion of this carbon of the food is sepa-
rated, and assimilated or cotiverted into chyle and
jlood, and from these into fat, muscle or flesh, and
iuch like materials which make up the animal body.
But before the digestive powers can do this, the
bod must undergo a change, aiul the carbon con-
ained in it combined with something that will ren-
ter it easily dissolved in the fluids of the bodv.
5olid carbon is not dissolved in fluids. Chai-coal
vhicb is one form of carbon, and indeed is nearly
lure carbon, we all know is not soluble in fluids ;
lut still it may be easily dissolved by adding another
ubstauce to it. Take a [liece of charcoal and
lurn it in a close vessel, an<l you change its form.
t combines or unites with the oxygen or vital air,
ind is converted from a hard solid visible state
nto an invisible air or gas called carbonic acid or
ixed air, and strange as it may seem, this same
ubstauce which a few minutes ago was a luujp of
harcoal, is now an invisible gas, and the next
ninute by agitating it with water is absorbed and
ecoujes liquid, and the next minute if drank will
e converted into a portion of a walking, living,
ireathing animal.

To go back to our first remark, that vegetable
Libstances, such as are used for food, contain a
irge portion of carbon, not in a pure state to be
jre, l)ut niingleil with many other substances
?hich render it more liable to undergo fermenta-
on. Now what is fermentation ? It is nothing
lore nol- less than this carbon combining with the
xygen of the air or atmosphere being converted
ito an air, and escaping in the form of bubbles of
as as it works its way up through the mass. The
ivill therefore that is in this state, is all ready to
B dissolved in the fluids of the stomach and cou-
erted to the animal body. If it is not yet fer-
lented it will not digest so soon, and of course is
ot changed to fat so soon, and consequently the
og does not fat so fast. In order to bring on fer-
leutation three things are necessary, viz : mois-
ire, air and heat; and heat is also engendered by
le fermentation which serves to keep it up so
ing as there is any carbon to be converted to gas.
nd the effectsof this fermentation and heat when
irried ou in the animal stomach, is curiously
Instrated by the auimal itself. Paine Wingate of
[allowell, a highly respectable member of the So-
ety of Friends, and a close observer, informed us
le other day that in his experiments in feeding
ogs, when he gave his hog swill that was unfer-
lented he would go and lie down on the ground,
ut when he gave him swill that was fermenting
e would lie quietly in his pen ou a plank. This
ifl!erence of conduct is we think accounted for,
jr the fact that heat is caused by the act of fer-

205

mentation, and when fermentation is carried on in
the stomach. Sir Porker finds it necessary to sleep
out of doors.

SWELIilNGS.

To scatter swellings on Horses or other cattle,
take two quarts of proof whiskey, or other proof
spirits, warm it over coals, but not to blaze — dis-
solve it in a pint of soft soap — when cool, put in
a bottle, and add one oimce of camijhor. When
dissolved it will form the liquid Opodeldoc, and
is then ready for application, forming a cheap and
useful reinedy. When the swelling is on the leg,
or any part that will receive a bandage, such ban-
dage should be applied, and wet with the Opodel-
doc.— Bantror Courier.

MELONS.

A French periodical gives the following method
of hastening the ripening of melons. Spread on
the melon and round it a thick couch of from one
to two inches of pounded charcoal. Lampadius
tried this plan at Friebuler in 1813, and succeeded
in making melons ripen iu a box of earth in the
open air, during the summer of that year, in the
mining district of Saxony. The surface of the
earth thus covered with charcoal had at noonday
a temperature of 37.50 to 47.50 of Reauinur, while
at the same time the thermometer in the shade wasi
ordy at from 15 to 20, and in the sun at 25 to 37.
50.

pieces at a houseinear which was observed a small
guard ; IJritish ofllcers came out and dispersed,
the guard, after firing their muskets at us, fol-
lowed ; soon a column of infantry advanceil and
were at first driven back by the fire of our field
pieces, two of which were then sent to the right
which was menaced, where the enemy looked as if
close to their muzzles when discharged ; immedi-
ately the column re-appeared in front, with a horse-
man in the dress of a field ofiicer, who pronounced
the word ' forward' with out-stretched arm and
weapon, — as he rode in their front they came
on at a rapid pace, unheeding the fire of the four
remaining guns, which were now ordered for re-
treat, and the infantry near them retiring with the
guns, the whole brigade fell back to the entrench-
ments near the city.' Tvp.

PRESERVING MEAT.

Meat may be preserved fresh many months by
keeping it imnjersed in molasses. A joint of meat
or any provision suspended in a flannel hag will
keep sweet much longer than by iTiost of the modes
commonly practised. The cooler and dryer the
meat is when the flannel is put round it the bet-
ter, and the flannel should be perfectly clean.

Fresh meat put in a close vessel containing vine-
gar, will be preserved a considerable time. Taint-
ed meat may be rendered good by pickling it in
pearl-ash water some time. Before it is cooked,
however, it should be dipped in vinegar a short
time and then salted in brine. — Genesee Farmer.

WOODEN RUSTIC 'WORK; FOR GARDENS.

The advantage of wooden rustic work is that it
can be adapted to a great variety of pur|)oses.
Thus very beautiful and even architectural tem-
ples may be formed of unbarked wood. Orna-
mental doors, every description of garden seats,
and flower baskets and vases of very elegant forms,
may be composed of the same material. Shady
walks also, having the pleasing gloom and enrich-
ed effect of a Gothic cloister, may be made of
wooden rustic work. I allude more particularly
to what I call wood mosaic, which is, I believe,
rather a modern invention. It is formed of split
sticks of various lengths and sizes, and having
bark of diflerent colors. The pieces are nailed to
any flat siuface of wood, and very beautiful and
elaborate patterns may be produced by arranging
the pieces according to their sizes and the various
colors of the work. Garden seats and vases of
almost aiiy shape may be covered with this kind
of mosaic work, but as it is not durable when ex-
posed to the weather, it is most suitable for the
inside of summer houses and garden temples. In
such situations the richest specimens might be in-
troduced, and if varnished over they woidd last
for a number of years. — Gard. Masr.

ARCHITECTURE.

BALTIMORE MONUMENTS.

The Baltimore ' Washington monument' pre-
sents a mass of pure white marble of great girth I
and steeple height — its round shaft rises from a*
square pedestal and is surmounted by a colossal
statue of Washington. It is on a small hill at the
termination of one of the central streets ; and near
it are the Catholic and Unitarian churches, both
with magnificent domes. Up through the shaft
is* a long winding way, lantern in hand, without a
look-out till you reach the top. This monmnent
has every requisite — size, simplicity of form, and
beauty of material.

The ' Battle monument' of Baltimore, is also
of marble, with brass cannon at the angles of its
base, elegant in structin-e and wreathed with the
gilded names of those who fell in defence of the
city. It is. in a paved square, which may called
the Forum — the favorite place for great political
assemblages. The fresh recollections of that ' pre-
liminary' battle (as it was it was expected to be),
make it a highly interesting memorial. — ' For a
good while,' said a citizen who was in the ranks,
' our att^tion was occupied by their Congreve
rockets ; an order came to level one of the field

ENGLAND.

The present equable diffusion of moderate
wealth cannot be better illustrated, than by re-
tuarking that in this age many palaces and superb
mansions have been ])ulled down, or converted to
other purposes, while none have been erected on
a like scale. The numberless baronial castles and
mansions, in all parts of England, now in ruins,
may all be adduced as examples of the decrease of
inorrlinate wealth. On the other hand, the multi-
plication of couunodious dwellings, for the upper
and middle classes of society, and the increased
comforts of all raid<s, exhibit a picture of individ-
ual happiness, uid<nown iu any other age. — 5iV G.
Blane's Letter to Lord Spencer.

Method of Building Chimneys that ivill not Smoke.
— Contract the space immediately over the fire, so
you may be sure of the air being well heated
there; this will • ensure a current upwards. All
chimneys should be carefully built, and every joint
well filled with mortar, so as to prevent commuui-
tion in case of fire. — Dr. Thomas Cooper.

A large Tree. Travellers in Mexico give an ac-
count of a famous Cypress Tree, in Allixco in
Mexico, said to be the largest in the world, with
the exception of the Boabab in Senegal. It meas-
ures seventy-six feet in circumference.

206

NEW ENGLAND I^'ARMER

NEW K N G JL. A :M J> TARMEK.

BOSTON ._WEUINE!SDAV EVENING. JAN.JT^JggS.
We regret that an error of date occurs on our first page.
Postponements. An editorial article on burning clay
for manure, a valuable article on making butter late in
the fall, and several other communications, &c. are de-
ferred to make room for the interesting Report of the
Committee on Butter and Cheese, (p. 202.)

MR. CHAMBERliAIN'S L.ETTER.
To the Committee on Butter and Cheese of the Mass. So-
ciety for promoting Jlgricultiire : —
My cows subsist entirely on grass in Summer. I salt
Ihem three times per week. A little time before 1 turn
them out to grass in the Spring, I give one quart of cob
meal to each per day. I give my rowen to them when
I first put them up to hay in Autumn ;— think my rowen
worth more at that season than in the Spring.

Respecting the treatment of Milk and Cream. My
milk is set in my cellar at a little distance from the cel-
lar bottom. The cream should be separated from the
milk when sweet and should be kept cool. I have a eel--
lar 10 feet square and !) feet deep in my cellar, where I
put ice in hot weather, and there I can malie my cream
of a right temperature. I have a stove in my upper
cellar, so that in cold weather my cream is also of
a right temperature. I churn in Summer three days
in a week. The butter is taken from the churn as free
from buttermilk as possible, then worked with the hand
and salted. There can be no ladle to supply the place
of the hand. The butter then stands an hour or an hour
and a half, when the butter is worked until the butter-
milk is entirely expressed ; then it is ready to lump.
Respecting salt, I always send for the best quality of
butter salt, I do not know the name of it. If I get a lot
that proves not to be of the best quality, I take it for
other purposes, and ecnd ayain for the best kind ; for I
think it a very essential thing to have the salt fine, white
and of a good flavor. The butter should be salted ac-
cording to the taste of those who arc to use it. There
are a variety of tastes respecting the quantity of salt. I
use no other substance in my butter but salt. I think
saltpetre a dangerous article in cheese, and should think
it would have a bad effect on butter, though I do not
know as I ever saw it tried. Respecting preserving but-
ter in Summer, the vessels should be thoroughly cleans
ed, and a little salt sprinkled over the inside of the ves
scl. It should be kept perfectly tight to prevent the aic
getting to the butter. When I have kept butter through
the Summer. 1 have jiut it down in white oak casks, and
head them up until they were wanted for use ; then
unhead the casks and put on a lid. From my own ex-
perience 1 think white oak vessels the best for preserv-
iniT butter, yet 1 wish for information from the commit-
tee and other gentlemen concerning this thing. Those
who buy our butter can best judge what vessels are the
. b?st, and if the committee or the trustees of the Mass.
Agricultural Society will take the trouble to satisfy
themselves as to what vessels are best, and recommend
them to the dairymen, it will be an advantage. Had I
known of your exiiibition soon enough I would have put
up some in pots at the same time 1 put down in iirkins,
that you might have a chance tu ascertain which is the
better.

Gentlemen, I know you love good butter and cheese
by your exertions in otlcring those liberal premiums, and
08 you have bestowed a good share of them on me, 1 feel
myself under obligation to give all the information that
I can to you. The dairymen want to get rich too fast ;
this is a great reason why you do not have better butter.
At tills season of the year the cream ought not to stand
on the milk more than 12 hours in order to make good
butter, of course we do not get but one half of the cream. \

Tliere will rise another coat of cream, which may be ap
plied to olher uses except for butter. It is a practice in
all the dairies- with which I am acquainted to get all the
cream they can, and make all the butter they can, and
get as good price as they can ; but I see their raistnke.
Put a quantity of the second skimming ot cream to that
milk from which the first cream is taken, and it will
make about as good cheese as four meal cheese ; and I
think by not trying to make so much butter, but a better
quality, and a better quality of skim milk cheese, I saved
enough the last year to pay my labor on ray farm. You
cannot expect so nice butter at this season as when we
have fresh feed, yet you can see how little variation
there is in my butter by that which I now ofter for exhi-
bition according to the Nos. beginning at the first. The
butter in boxes was made by hay, and some of it of an
ordinary qualify, as I could not get at my best hay.

The management of cows is also an essential requi-
site for making good butter. The cows must be kept so
as to be clean for milking, or the butter cannot be nice.
Cleanliness and prompt attention to every thing are the
indispensable requisites for making good butter.

LUTHER CHAMBERLAIN.

We do not remember to have seen the occupation of
the farmer eulogized with more felicity than m the fol-

For the Neui England Farmer.
AGRICUIiTURE, AND ITS ADVAKTAGES.

Or the various occupations and professions which have
engaged the attention of mankind, there is none which
se'ms to bo so pre-eminently useful, so honorable, in
short so compatible with all our interests, as the cultiva-
tion of the earth. There is none which has so many re-
sources within itself, or which can furnish from ils own
means, the supplies for all our necessary wants. Food,
raiment, and luxuries innumerable, are the fruits of the
farmer's labor and care ; aiid in their train follow health,
happiness, and independence.

And in view of these facts, for facts they are, are we
not led to wonder that so many of our young men are
placed behind the counter, to learn the arts and myste-
ries of the scales or yard-stick, to deprive themselves of
tlie bloom and freshness of youth, and bring early and
iet-f furrows of care and anxiety on their brows, by the
diUicullies and perplexities attending the prosecution of
mercantile pursuits, wlien so many, and so strong in-
ducements are held out for them to engage in that pro-
fession which was the earliest employment of man, and
which, as the light of science is spread abroad, and im-
provements are made in the art, is becoming more inter,
esting, more profitable, and at the same time less labori-
ous.

With what different feelings do the farmer and the
merchant leave their pillows in the morning ! The one
buoyant with health and spirits, goes forth with tlie first
dawn of day to his cheerful labors in the field, while t,he
other, after a restless and perhaps sleepless night, walks
in a sober mood to his counting-room, anticipating with
feaiful forebodings the insolvency of his cuslomers, or
the ill-success of a voyage.

With what honest pride, and heartfelt satisfaction docs
the farmer look at his luxuriant fields, his richly laden
orchards, and his growing flocks, with the happy assur-
ance that with every returning season his substance is
increasing, that he is above want, and far from feeling
the fluctuations of merchandize, or the embarrassments
of trade.

Who, that has seen tlie hale and vigorous plouglmian
whistling along as he turns up the furrow, and has not
sighed for the joys of jiastoral life ? Or, who that has
enjoyed the privilege of witnessing the internal arrange-

JANUARY 7, 1835.

I ,„ »

ments of'a thrifty farni.'r's establishment, and observed
the care and attention evinced in all her domestic econ-
omy by his industrious and frugal wife, and I. as not cov-
eted the happiness and independence of the farmer.'
Much as the wealth and prosperity of a nation may be
advanced and promoted by its commerce and manufac-
tures, still we are constrained to look upon agriculture
as its source and foundation. It is absolutely necessary
to our comfort and existence. For let men pursue what
other business they may, they are still dependent on the
farmer for what they eat, drink, and wear.

And, suppose the farmer by way of relaxation, occa-
sionally deviates from his regular routine of duties, and
engages a little in horticulture, or the cultivation of tlie
choicer kinds of fruit, will he not be repaid a thousand
fold for the time and labor bestowed on a few trees,
vines, or shrubs •!

And farther, will not the appearance of his house and
"Front door yard" be inimensely improved; himself
and family enjoy a large amount of pleasure, and gratifi-
cation, not to speak of the frequent lessons of neatness
and order which his children would learn by the culti-
vation of a few varieties of Flowers. And will not these
silent monitors which so beautifully remind us, that

"The hanil that made them is divine,"
also have a moral tendency, and teach us to look
" Through nature up to Nature's God."
Tufton Lodge, Jan. 1835. M.

<

REVIEW OF BRIGHTON MARKET, FOR THE
YEAR 1834.

13 weeks — ending March 3L

5078 Beef Cattle, estimated sales,

];i5 Stores, do.

7i:!l Sheep, do.

3lKiG Swine, do.

13 weeks — ending June 30

331'2 Beef Cattle, estimated sales, 142,352

4ti5 Stores, do. 14,415

62115 Sheep, do. 13,912

3586 Swine, do. 19,623

208,188
3,780
21,393 . g

15,497 -^

-$248,868

13 weeks — ending Sept. 29.

$190,302

C990 Beef Cattle, estimated sales,
527.J Stores, do.

43360 Sheep, do.

6560 Swine, do.

230,670

116,050

75,880

14,760

13 weeks — ending Dec. 29.

$437,360

210(12 Beef Cattle, estimated sales.

12610 Stores,
3<1980 Sheep,
14032 Swine,

36382 Beef Cattle,
18485 Stores,
93766 Sheep,
27844 Swine,

do
do.
do.

472,545

189,150

73,960

35,679

RECAPITUL-^TIOK.

1,053,765

323,395

185,145

84,959

-$770,734

Beef Cattle,

Stores,
Sheep,
Swine,

1830.

37,767

13,685

132,697

19,639

1831.
33,922
15,400
84,453
26,871

1832.

40.807

9,886

100,583

14,697

$1,647,264
1833.
49,180
3,286
90,722
17,408

ITEMS OP INTEI.L1IGENCE.

I'oor Washington city is in a doleful plight— they an
in debt one million of dollars, and it falls very heavy or
a city with only about 18,000 inhabitants. It is though
that the whole leal estate of the city will be liable to be
sold at public auction to raise the amount. It is though
Congress will look into the matter, and pony up.

A plantation on the Mississippi, containing eight hut
dred arpents, which originally cost one thousand dollar.-
has lately been sold for one hundred and forty thousan
dollars. Property in the state of Louisiana, on Red Ri^
er, Concordia, &c., has lately generally risen in value.

VOL. VHr. NO. 36.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

207

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

An adjourned meeting of the Mass. Hort. Society was
held at the Hall over the Tremont Bank, State street, on
Saturday, Jan. 2, 1835,— the president presiding :

Judge Story, from the Committee appointed to ta!,e
into consideration the subject of the Mt. Auburn Ceme-
tery, submitted their Report— which was accepted.

It was then voted, that a committee be chosen to carry
into effect the objects of the report. The following gcn-
ilemen constitute the Committee : M. P. Wilder, John
A. Loude and S. F. Cooiidge.

C. P. Curtis submitted a resolution which was referred
o the above committee.

Voted, that the Secretary be requested to call a meet-
ug (by notice in the newspapers) of the proprietors of
-.ots in Mt. Auburn Cemetery, to be liolden at the Hall
ver the Tremont Bank, on Thursday Jan. Sth, at 11 o'-
;lock, A. M. and that the Secretary state the object.^ of
he meeting.

Adjourned. CHA'S M, HOVEY,

Recording Secretary, pro tern-

FARMER WANTED

.4 young: man from 23 to 30 years ot ao;e, who understand.^
railing, of steady industrious linhils, and 'drinks no ardent spi-
ts is warned to do die usual work on a farm wiihin 7 miles i>(
oslon— die learning of Hay &c. &c. to, and Manure from Ihe
ly. To such a person a faircompensalion will he given Ibr
le year.

No one need apply who will not failhfully fulfil llie above re-
lireniputs.

Letters post paid containing terms, conditions and place of
sidence addressed lu Do.i No. 680 will be immediately at-
nded to.
Jan. 3, 1835. Opis

EXTRA EARLY PEAS.

The Earliest Dwarf Pea grows about 20 indies high, is a
lod bearer and decidedly the eaihest known. The sjf d gflfir-

by the suhscriber was raised expressly for the New England
!ed Store near Canatla line.

Market Gardeners and others will be supplied with large or
lall i|Manlities if applied for early in the season.

GEO. C. UARRETT.
.n. 7.

HORTICULTURAL REGISTER,

And Gardener's Magazine.
Contents.— Introduction— On the Importance of Cultiva-"
ting good Fruit— x\ew Fruit— Cultivation and Proleclion of
I lants— On the Grape Vino— Eschscliolzia Californica— Hya-
cinth.s and other Flower Roots— Clarkca Pulchella— Kalniia
Latiloha— On the Cultivation of Celery— Coilint; System of
Oultivatiiig the Vine in Pots— The Daiilia—Croppin"" Borders
in which Fruit Trees grow— Fruit on Pear Trees- On Grow-
ing Gooseboiries — New method of writing on Zinc— Parple
Broccoli from Slips — Cultivaliou of Onions — Potatoes Pre-
mature Shrivelling of Grapes— Officers ol ilie Massacliusetls
Horticultural Society,
Subscriptions solicited.

GEO. C. BARRETT,
New England Farmer Otfice, Boston

PRICES OF COUNTRY PKODUCf.-
Corrected >vitli great care, -weekly.

FOR SALE OR TO LET

1

A valuable larm situated in Medford, about five miles from
tins city, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
or would be let on shares provided a Temperate man should
want the same.
For further particulars apply at this office. u. 17.

FRESH -WHITE MULBERRY SEEDS.

Just received at the New-England Seed-store ol & 52
North Market-street,

A cjuantily of fresh and genuine White Mulberry-seed, from

one of Ihe greatest Mulberry Orchards in Connecticut, nar-

ranted new and good, directions accompanying each package

„ „ GEO.C.BARKETT.

Dec. 31, 18.34.

HERDS GRASS, OR TIMOTHY SEED.

200 BusHKi.s Herds Grass Seed, growth 1831., of very good
ality and unusually bright and clean, just received anil for
ie at the New Englond Seed Store 51 it 52 .North Market
■''P' GEO. C. BARRETT.

n.7.

NEW AMERICAN GARDENER.

EIGHTH EDITION.

For sale at the New-England Farmer Office 51 & 52 North
krkcl street, The New American Gardener, containiiigdirec-
ns for cultivating Veirelables, Fruits and Flouters, Grape
nes, .Struwlierry, i!(.c. &c. Price glflO.
Ian. 7,

REAL ESTATE AT AUCTION.
On 'I'uesday the 27ih day of January next, will be sold at
public Auction at ihe house of De.\ter Brigham, Innholdcr in
Weslboro', at lU o'clock, A. M. the Ibllowmg described prop-
erty belonging to the Estate of the late Charles Parkman, viz :
1 he Betlows Farm, so called, situated in the easterly pan of
Weslboro'. containing about 60 acres.

The Warren Farm, so called, situated in Iha northerly part
of Weslboro', containing about 40 acres.

The Ilaidy Farm, so called, situated in the westerly part of
Weslboro', conlaining about 80 acres.

The Ball Pasture, .so called, situated in the southerly part of
Weslboro', containing about 60 acres.

Also, — Two Dwelling Houses, with about 2 acres of land,
situated near the old Baptist Meeting-house in Weslboro'.

Also, A new two-story Dwelling House, wiih half an acre of
land, situated near the Meeting-house in the centre of Wesl-
boro'.

For further particulars, application may be made to either of
the subscribers.

Charles B. Parkjmas,^
George Dennv, ^Executors.

Charles P. JoKis, S

Westhoro', Dec. 22, 1834.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

200 bo.TCS very thick— for sale by LORING & KUPFER,
No 10 Mefchanl's Row. Im sep 3

SILKS AT REDUCED PRICES.

!liab Stone Brewer intending to make a new arrange-
ul 111 his business will sell his slock of Silk Goods at very
luced prices, viz :

!0 Pi. -res BIk. Gros de Naples (slightly spotted) al 25 cts. per
d— 1 J hi. perfect, 2s. do —2.5 do. Superior Satins I.cvan-
, Sill, do.— 10 do. do. 33.-6 do. Rich Striped do. 3s.9.—
lo. Rich and Superior Col'd Poult de Soios,3s. — 30 do. do.
itted) 2s.6.— 2.=' do. Heavy BIk. Siuchaws from 2s.6 to3s.6.
Jo. do. Sarsnets, from 2s. to 2s.6.— 100 Dress Patterns Fig.
ck Canton Crapes al 6s. per paitern — 50 do. do. to match,
1—50 il.i. do. Brown. 7s.6— 5 ) pieces Black Canton ("rapes
Is. per yard— 20 do Heavy BIk Turk Salins (4-4 in width)
5 do. do. Italian Lustrings 5s.— 10 do. Common do. 3s.— 10
l Fig d and Plaid Sarsnets. 25-C— 2li do. Grecian Sliallys of
:rior labrick and figures Ss.S — a fuw pieces Foulards at 5s.
lIso. l',lk. Brown, Green, Lt. Blue. Pmk and yellow Satins
<o. 414 Washington-street, Dec. 27tli. 1834.

BLACK CURRANT WINE.

. FEW Bottles of this wine, so highly esteemed by all ac-
mled with its medicinal properties, just received 'by Geo
Barrett, 51 and 52 North Market street. aiW 13

NOTICE.

Ireen Hodse Frames and S.ashes,— about five hundred
o*^. D M i^n °>? 1"^"'''-^ °'" P"'5- For sale. Apply lo G.
BARRETT, N. E. Farmer Office. Nov. 12.

HOLLIS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind-Galls, Old strains. Stiff joints,

Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses thai are strain-
ed in the back sinews, wrung in the wilhers, &c.;
also for Glandular swellings of the Throat.

The ingredients which compose this preparation have been
carefully selected after many years experience, and are some
of the most successful remedies uiiiled, correctly proportioned
and happily adapted to afford relief in all the atiove mentioned
coiTiplaints ; the proprietor feels assured dial when once Ihis
article is used, it will be preferred lo any other, as it is decid-
edly the best and certainly the most convenient article in use.

N. B. Persons afflicted wilh Rheumalism. Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Sliffness or Weakicss in Ihe Joints, will find Ihis
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist. No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

ICTThe Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed.

Price of large Boiiles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o2y

FARM -WANTED,

— Within 25 miles of Boston on a lease for 5 vears — coulainiii'^
not less than 100 acres — one on Ihe sea coast would he piefcr"
red. .4ddress B. M. at N. E. Farmer olHce, post naid.
dec 3 6t

SMYRNA SPRING WHEAT.

.Tust received a few Bushels of Ihe above kind of Wheal
which will be found a valuable variety, having been tried two
years in New-England and yielding 55 Bushels one year and
50 Bushels the second year to the acre. Farmers will please
call and see it. ' GEO. C. BARRETT.

Apples, russets,

Beans, while

Beee, mess, (new) ,

Cargo, No. 1

prime,

Beeswax, (Americau) . . . .
Butter, inspected. No. 1, . . .

Ch£e.se, new milk

skimmed milk, . . . .

FeatheHs, northern, geese.. . .

southern, geese, . . .

Flax, American

Flaxseed, none, ...'.,.
Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir.
Baltimore, wharf, . . .

Alexandria,

Grain , Corn, northern yellow, , .
southern yellow , . .

while,

f^yc, Noriheni, ....

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, besl English, . . .

Eastern screwed, ....

Hard pressed

Honey,

Hops, 1st fjualily (new) . . , .
2d quality , ...

Lard, Bosion, Islsort

Southern, Istsorl

Leather, Slaughter, sole, . . .

" upper, , ,

Dry Hide, sole, '. . .

" upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, .

Baltimore, sole, .

Lime, best sort . . . . ]

Pork, Mass. inspec., extra clear, .

Navy, Mess,

Bone, middlings. . . . '.
.Seeds, Herd's Grass, (new)

Red Top, iiortiiern, . . .
Red Clover, northern, none
WhiteDuteh Honeysuckle

Tai^low, tried

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full blood,washed
do. 3-4th3 do.
do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common

Native washed

^ _ f Pulled superfine,
^— I 1st Lambs, . . .

S §.|3d '■ ...

^ i 1st Spinning, . . .
Soiiihern pulled wool is generally
5 cts. less per lb.

barrel
biisla-I
barrel

pound

pound
bushel
barrel

oushcl

EKOM

2 50
15 L

10 0(j

7 60

6 50

2l)

14

8

2

40

36

y

5 r,0
5 37

T.)|,

3 oL

"^0

ffalloii
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

bushel

it

pound

cwt

pound

.'lO
5 50
70
65
68
80
60
37
18 00

13 00

14 00
37
10
10

7
17
10
15
18
27

is

17 00

13 00

8

2 25

75

8

25

7 00

60

50

45

35

32

38

50

40

30

23

35

0"

7"

22

16

V

u

45
40
10

5 62

h SO

5 61

5 OK

75

68

70

82

62

40

19 00

14 00

15 00
42
12
11

111
12
17
20
30
27

1 00
18 00

8 58

2 50
87
10
31

7 60
65
58
50
4S
36
40
55
4a
33
2&
40

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern

southern,

Pork, whole hogs

Poultry,

BOTTER. (tub)

lump. ....

Eggs,

Potatoes,

C/IDf:u. (new.)

pound

11

8

6

9

14

18

dozen

20

bushel

37

barrel

2 50

12

9

7

11

17
20
25
50

2 75

BUCKTHORNS.

For sale by GEO, C. BARRETT a few thousand Buck-
Ihoriis. thrifty and of good size. oct. 15.

A G.4RDENER

—Wants a Situation — can produce ihe best recommendations
as regards his character and capacity. nov 19

BRE.1IEN GEESE.

For sale, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese by

GEORGE C. BARRETT.

AGRICULTURISTS ATTEND !

_" Have respect unlo all things, hold fasl that which is good.'
The Suhscriber has brought lo this market, a new variety o<"
Polatoe.^, which have two good properties, viz. ; ihey are ex-
ceedingly jirodnrtive, and are excellent for the table. — They
have been planted but four years, and from two potatoes have
produced/oKrtccTi hundred bushels. To be found at Brimmer's
.Store, on Ihe T wharf, Bosion.

^ MOSES HEALY.

I 15,000 PEACH TREES.

I Gentlemen desirous of forming orchards of the"Peach tree

I are now offered a capiial selection of the finest kinds

I Apply to WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton. oct I

208

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

JANUARY », 1834.

MISCELLANY.

From the Maine Farmer.
RURAL PLEASURES.

The beauly of ihc jear is past,
And all around looks sad and dreary.

E'en vernal pleasures, could Ihey last,
Would lose their charms and make us weary.

Now nature's shrouded all in white.
O'er lakes and streams are icy ,bri<lgcs,

Now earth no more afl'oids delight,
The drifting snow is pil'd in ridges.

The flocks and herds now seek the stall,
In watchful care of man confiding.
They suicly now must perish all,
Had it not been for his providing.
If winter should but last a year,
O how our with'ring hearts would fail us !

We trust in God, we do not fear,
Another smiling spring will hail us.
But winter's welcome in its time.
Is full of social mental gladness ;

To sounds of joy the sleigh bells chime,
Tliere's plenty now, no cause for sadness.

We tend our flocks and get our wood.
And visit social friends and neighbors :

Wc still have bouul'ous nature's good,
And reap the fruits of all our labors.

We now with rapture view the skies,
And see the stars and glories yonder ; .

From earth we turn away our eyes
Wilhjoy; with ecstacy acid wonder.

When age and pain our pleasures blight,
From earihly things our hearts they sever,
Through faith a heavenly land's in sight.
We wish not here to live forever.
A day without a night is there.
And pleasant trees of life are growing,
And many precious fruits they bear.
There's streams of gladnessever flowing;

The glorious sun docs ne'er decline.
All things are lovely bright and vernal,

There'sjoys that earth can ne'er define,
They're ever new and yet eternal.

Wintliroj).

exampie.anu im-tjia inc , .„„i .„„,.^ fiiu.llv In.l to make a dip into tlie pot u

or three lives are sacnlieed.

Philomel.

From the Maine Farmer.
CARBONIC ACID.

A circumstance recently occurred in a neigh
l)oring town, wliicli canic well nigh being a seri
(lus accident. A man descended into a deep well
for the purpose of cleaning it. After being there
a short time, he signified to those above that lie
felt singularly, and that it was so dark that he could
accomplish nothing. An attempt was made to let
down a lighted camlle, but it was extinguished be-
fore it camo near him. No one suspected any
danger, and the man was suftered to remain; but
beginning to feel still more unpleasantly, he re-
fused to stay mitil the candle could be relighted,
and insisted on being dniwn up. This was im-
mediately done, aii<l no doubt was the means of
saving his life.

This siilij(;ct may appear trite, but a few words
will not be .-iiniss, since there are always the young
to learn, even if the old are not ignorant. It is
the more imi)0rtant that it be thoroughly under-
stood, because if one person is so tmforttmate as
to be struck lifeless at th^e boitoiii of a well, he
rarely sntTers alone. In the excitement of the mo-
ment, prompted by philanthropy or friendshi]),
and suspecting no datiger, a second descends to
render assistance, ;ind falls ; a third, still iTiore ex-
cited by the melancholy catastrophe, follows his

It is generally known that a noxious gas is gen-
erated, during the combustion of charcoal ; that
the same substance exists iii certain mineral springs,
and is often so abundant as to lie upon the surface
of the waters, where it proves deadly to all ani-
mals that are let down within its influence ; and
also that the same gas is occasionally found in
wells, particularly such as are very deep and foul,
and have been long disused. This is known in
common life by the'appellalion of "choke damp.''
Its origin we need not stop to discuss. It is suffi-
cient for our purpose to know, thtU it is nearly as
heavy as common air— that it will not support
combustion, and is eminently destructive to life.
It is on the first named principle, that when it ex-
ists iu wells, it is found near the surface of the wa-
ter ; and on the second that a lighted candle low-
ered into it, will always be extinguished and thus
detect its presence. No person, therefore, should
ever so ftir risk his life, as to descend into a well
without having first made use of this test. If
combustion cannot be supported, neither can ani-
mal life.

But supposing it be discovered that there is an
atmosphere of carbonic acid on the surface of the
water, is the well henceforth to be abandoned be-
cause it cannot be cleansed ? Various expedients
have been proposed for the purpose of removing
the deleterious gas. One of the best means con-
sists in drawing it out by means of buckets. These
are to be let down, and filled with water as usual
to dispossess thein of common air— they are to, be
raised a little above the surface, and by means of
a string attached to the bottom are to be overturn-
ed the carbonic acid will take the place of the

water, and being heavier than common air, it will
remain, and may be drawn up and poured like
water tipon the ground, care being taken that it
does not flow back into the well.

The following method, it is believed, will prove
equally successful. Every one conversant with
Chemistry knows the power possessed by recently
burnt charcoal of absorbing almost any gas with
which it is brought in contact. A piece of the best
kind, the size of a gill measure, absorbs of car-
bonic acid, about one gallon, or by volume, in the
ratio of 1 to 35, and of other gases, some iu a less
and some in a greater jnoportion. On this prin-
ciple, then, it is recommended to let down into the
well, kettles of ignited charcoal, of the hardest
and most compact kinds. On reatliing the atmo-
sphere of carbonic acid, it is extinguished, and
immediately begins the work of removing it, which
it accomplishes in the cotirse of a few hours.

At first sight it may appear singular, that igni-
ted charcoal, which generates this same gas, slionhl
be the agent employed to remove it — but such at
least is the theory founded on the above reasoning.
It shows how near together poison and its remedy
may grow. — JVtw London Gaz.

rid were finally led to make a dip into the pot to
ascertain the character of the dregs, when behold,
the si)oon brought up about equal proportions of
ka and coffee ! The help being asked how the tea
came into the cofiee-pot, — " and sure inarm," said
she, " I jist put in a bit o'tea to give it a higher
color ; and I hope its no harm I've bin doin." —
Bunker Hill Aurora.

AuGDSTUS gave an admirable example how a
person who sends a challenge ought to be treated.
When Mark Anthony, after the battle of Actiuni,
sent him a challenge, his answer to the mes.senger
who brought it was, ' Tell Mark Anthony, if he
be weary of life, there are other ways of despatch.
I shall not therefore take the trouble to be his exe-
cutioner.' ,

CATALOGUE FOR 1835.

Jusr published, a Catalogue of the NEW
ENGLAND SEED AND AGRICULTLRAL
WAREHOUSE— comprising an unusual choice
collection of Garden and Flower Seeds, raised
in the Gardens connected with the Establishment.
The loilowing from the preface explains the principles ui
reference to which the business will be conducted.

When the .Uricnlinral Warehouse and A'eic Eiigland Seed
Store was commenced, it was altogether problematical whether
those engaged in the ddierenl branches of rural economy would
give .support lo such an establishment, and the propiuiors in-
curred very considerable expense, as well as besto«ed mucli
time and e.xertion to make it what the Farmers and Gardeners
of Nciv England very much needed, to wit, a Repository Irom
which could be obtained Seeds, &c. which might be relied on
as true to their kind and of the best quality. The e.V;jerience
and experiments of a series of years, enable us uov. to givf
assurance of satisfaction to those who may commenn: or wil.
continue their patronage. We have completed our aiiicipatct
arrangements in the seed department m such a manmi diat w<
arc well assured of a full supply of seeds, raised miclei our owi
direction. We are thus placed in a condition to supily seeds
of warranted good quality ; and arrangements have bica mad.
to import from Europe those kinds which bid lairest u be mos
uselul, best adapted to our soil and climate, and on wiiich reli
anco can be placed ihat with proper treatment they will not tai

to germinate. , i i .,

bi a business of this description, It cannot be expected bu
that complaints will sometimes bo made of seeds not vet,eialing
but candid men will allow that the fault is not alwa\ . in tfr
sad. The best seed may fail of coming up, on several a.counts
some kinds may be sown too early, and be chilled in th. gruun'
in dry seasons, by the burning rays of the sun— they are olte
eaten byworms'and insects, and are frequently co\ered to
deep in the earth, particularlv delicate flower seeds. I he be!
method of proving the quality of the seed is lo sow a lew in
box of loose earth, placed in a warm room, keeping i le ear
moist. If the seed is good, it will vegetate in a rc.soiiabl
time. A quicker method is to roll up a lew seeds lU a quanlil
of ii'rf moss, which will soon determine their character.

It was long before the business would warrant the . xpcns<
now incurring; and it is for the public to decide lo wli.ii extcl
Ihey will give their patronage to an establishment c.aiouctt
on the principles, enjoying the advantages, and fa\o.edwii
ihe prospects above mentioned.

This Catalogue contains SO pages; will be senl C.'ratis
dealers, patrons and friends of the Establishment, and Urdei
for articles contained therein will meet with prompt ami laithi
attention. GEO- ?• "ARRETF,

Neiv Englaivd Seed Store, Iwslvn.

IRISH WIT.

Our readers have probably heard of the Irish
help, who, when told to prepare some string-beans
for cooking, actually with a needle, put them all
upon a thread! VVc have to relate quite as in-
genious a contrivance in another case, which re-
cently happened in this town. The master of the
house inadvertently neglected to gel a supply of
coffee, and there was not enough to answer for
breakfast. When the family were sealed, they

NEAV AVORK.

Just received from the Publisher a new work entiilod Ca.
CAREOUS BliNi'REs, treating upon the difl'erent cap. cities
soils for imprn\einent &,c. by E. RulBn, Esq. Edi i ol I
Farmer's Register. GEO. C. B.\RK1 T

New-England Farm i Offu

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at gS | r aiiiiil
payable at the end ol the year— but those who p ,\ wil|
sixty days from the time olsubscribing,areentitledt. a ded

tion of tifty cents.

Qj*Noi)aper will be sentto a distance withoii payiU
being made in advance.

Primed for Geo. C. Babrktt by Foi;i. iV . mrI'
who execute every description of Bovh and liii i, l^r
tjjn-ingoodstyle.and.withpromptness. Orders r pr
in" may be left with Geo. C. Barrett, at tbi igm
tural Warehouse, No. 52, North Market Street.

]^EW ENGtAJ^D

PUBLISHED BY GEO. C. BA.aBTT. m.a, NO.W.IARKET STRSrrjlT THE AORICULTUEi,;w..¥l7oLE.|-T„S. o1555D5e-E..m,»-

VOL. XIIl.

BOSToar, WEpmisDAy swsNzsta, januarv as, 1835.

XTO. 29.

/"j-om (/le 0/(/ Colony Memnriul.
A DISSERTATION

0)1 i/ic course of tillage -most suitable for soils in Plym-
outh County, and the rotation of crops, most conducive
to the interest of the inhabitants. Read before the Ply.
mouth County Jigricultural Society, at their annual meet-
ing at Bridgcwater, October 15th, 1834, Ay Anthony

COLLAMORE.

(commenced in our last.)
Bv numerous other exiieiiinents he ascertained
that this excretion takes place chiefly during the
^ight. As it is well known that the light of day
Causes the roots to absorb their juices, it is natural
to suppose that during the night absorption ceases
^nd excretion takes place. By placing one root of
the plant in pure water, and another in a weak so-

Etion of acetate of lead, he found that a portion ol
ad had heen absorbed and deposited by the bn.,:cli
hich dipped ill the pure water, thereby proving
^.lat plants employ the excretory powers of their
oots to get rid of hurtful substances which they
nay have imbibed. Similar trials were made wiiii
imc water, and a weak solution of marine sail,
ifith a like residt.

There can be no doubt, then, that plants have
le power of rejecting by their roots, soluble salts,
hich are injurious to vegetation. An interesting
etail of an experiirient on one particular family of
lams will here be given.

"Leguminous Plants. — The only plants which
e tried of this family, were peas and beans. They
ve and grow well in pure water. After some
me, the liquid being examined, has no sensib'e
iste, its smell is faintly herbaceous. It is qu i-
ear, r.:,d almost crjii.rless in kidney beans, (harf-
)ts) more yellow in peas and common beans,
iibas). The fluid, when examined by chemical
sts, evaporation, &c., is found to contain a mat-
r very analogous to gum, and a little carbonate
■ lime. It was found that when the water in
hich these plants had lived was pretty well
larged with this excrementitious matter, fresh
ants of the same species soon withered in it and
d not live well. To ascertain whether this was
r want of carbonic acid in the fluid, (which
mts derive from the earth as well as from the
•,) or from the presence of the excreted matter,
lich they repudiated, the author put into the
ids some plants of another family, and especial-
wheat. This lived well, the yellow color of the
id became less intense, the residue was less con-
lerable, and it was evident that the new plant
3orbed a portion of the matter discharged by the
5t. It was a kind of rotation experiment per-
med in a bottle, and the result tends to confirm
! theory of De Candolle. The author would in-

that wheat may follow with great advantage a
ip of beans. It is not impossible that by ex-
•iinents of this kind, results may be obtained of
ictical importance to agriculture. The infer-
:es which the author deduces from his experi-
nts, (acknowledging, however, that more ex-
ded trials on a greater number of families and
ividuals are desirable,) are 1st, that the greater
Tiber of vegetables exude by their roots sub-
aces unfit for their vegetation. 2d, that the
lire of these substances varies according to the
lilies of the plants which produce them. .3d, that
le being acid and resinous, may be injurious,
I others being mild and gummy, may assist in

the nourishment of other plants. -Ith, that these
facts tend to confirm the theory of M. De Candolle."
On this theory may be explained the ameliorat-
ing eiJects of the locust tree on sandy and barren
soils ; as the locust trees grow and extend their
roots, the land becomes covered with a thick
growth of grass, showing by its verdure that the
roots fertilize the soil. Also why some plants are
said to be poisonous to the soil ; the excretion
from the roots being injurious to the growth of
the same plant or the same family of ])lants, and
perhaps to some others, while, it may prove salu-
tary to the growth of some other tribes.

We now come to the principles which should
govern the succession of crops.

1. Two exhausting crops of the same or difler-
ent grains should not succeed each other on the
same soil ; and hence it has been recommended
as a general rule to raise alternate grain crops and
green crops, which is called alternate husbandry.
Others recommend that taj) and fibrous rooted
lilants should be raised alternately. Tap roots de-
scend into the ground in a perpendicular direction
as the parsnip, red clover, &c. and are supposed
to 'derive most of their nourishment from a con-
siderable depth below the surface; while the fibrous
rooted plants as all grains, being composed of nu-
merous thready or fibrous parts, are noiu-ished
chiefly near Xhe surface of the soil. Bu.t whatever
may be the true ex|)lanation, it is observed by Ro-
zier, " that every tap rooted plant succeeds very
well after a crop of plants with fibrous roots, and
ihi;s akrr :ate!j ;•' ni..; " •; u ;,..w ,-ecogniz<-,i in
the writings and practice of all judicious ruliiva-
tors, as a rule not to be departed from, that ciil-
mifcrous crops ripening their seeds should not be
repeated without the intervention of pulse, roots,
herbage, or fallow."

2. The same kind of crop should not be repeat-
ed at too short intervals. If the theory stated
above be well founded, the reason of this will be
obvious, and experience proves the advantages of
introducing different species in every course of
cropping. Where land has been pastured a num-
ber of years, there may not be so much necessity
for adhering strictly to this rule ; but it is found
by experience, that wheat and other grains degen-
erate, when cultivated on the same land every sec-
ond year for along period. It is said green crops
beans, peas, potatoes, turnips, and especially clo-
ver, be<'ome all of them much less productive,
when they come into the land every second, third
or fourth year. But what the interval ought to be,
has not yet been determined, and probably cannot
be until further discoveries are made in the phi-
losophy of vegetation. It is also found advanta-
geous to change the variety as well as the species ;
and even the seed of the same variety ; thus it has
been found beneficial to obtain the seed of Indian
corn, in some cases, from a colder climate, while
potatoes and oats are said to flourish best if the
seed be brought from a warmer latitude. Also
wheat, oats, &c. which are grown on a clayey
soil, are more productive when the soil is chann-ed
and they are sown on a sandy soil.

Crops sliould also be so arranged, that the la-
bors of cultivation should proceed in regular suc-
cession. Thus it will not answer in any case to

sow all winter or spring crops, as the harvest
would come on all at once ; but by cultivating a
variety of plants, the labor both of seed lime and
harvest is rendered easier, and the work is tiioro
likely to be done well and in season.

Another circumstance to be attended to is the
nature "and state in which the manure is, when
applied t( the land, in order that the first and all
succeedin,, croj.s should be supported in the best
and iriost cilcctual manner, by tlje change which
the manure is always undergoing, till itls united
and incorporated with the soil ; anil that those
parts, not suitable for one kind of crop, may he
converted into nourishment for the next, and so on
in the same manner. As a general rule, manure
in the unfermcnted state should be apidird to the
hoed crops ; for when applied to the grains, it
causes such a luxuriant growth that the grain' is
not well filled — in common language, it runs too
much to straw or stalks. - Marie, marsh mud, sea-
weed and i;;arine manures, may be used for all
crops ; as well as the stimulants, ashes, lime and
gypsum. The two last arc, however, said to he

■roj)s ill

most beneficial when applied to those

which linio is foimd to be a constituent part of the
plant, and therefore essential to its growth, as
wheat, clover, &c.

Crops should also be suited to the soil, climate,
and demand. Thus the course of crops adajited
to the low, moist, and clayey soils, is not the most
profitable to cultivate on dry sandy soils and vice
vcisa. 'lit. ilie course of tillage proper for the
dm at: ut England, n.id the rotatir'Ji.s pursued
there, cannot be introduced with advantage in this
country. In the former, the mildness of the cli-
mate permits the farmer to feed off" his turnip
crops on the ground, by which the soil is much
enriched ; while here, the expense of gathering,
securing, and feedi.ig out such crojis, forms the
greatest objection to their cultivation. — In Great
Britain they cannot cultivate our maize or Indian
corn, and have no other crop which yields so rich
returns in food for men and animals, and leaves
the soil so free from weeds, and so favorable to be
succeeded by a crop of grain. That the farmer
should cultivate those crops siiited to his wants
and the state of the market is too evident to need
illu.<tration.

Having explained the general principles neces-
sary to be taken into view in raising crops, we
coine now to consider more particularly " the
course of tillage most suitable for soils in Plymouth
County, and the rotation of crops most conducive
to the interest of the inhabitants." On the present
occasion, we shall arrange the kinds of soils, and
the crops most suitable for each, under three divis-
ions.

1st. The low, moist, clayey and swampy soils,
which are most suitable for grass.

2d. Those of the rich, dark, loamy kinds, equal-
ly suitable to produce grain or grass.

3d. Light, sandy soils, which are easy of culti-
vation, and produce most naturally grain ; but
which ought to be subjected to a course of alter-
nate mowing, or pasturage and tillage, or what is
termed convertible husbandry. — This kind of soil
is most abundant in this county.

1st. Under the first division may be ranked the

226

NEW ENGLAND I AllJVlER:

JANUARY 2S, 1835.

low, swampy soils, wliich naturally produce the |
sour aud fresh grasses, and the fresh meadows,
which, hv draining and cultivation are made to
produce "large crops of the cultivated grasses.
These shoul.l always he kept in grass;— and dress-
ed often with compost manure suited to the soil,
and when they cease to produce a good crop of
grass, tlie sward slioidd be turned over by the
plough, in the month of August, rolled with a
heavy roller, liherallv covered with compost ma-
nure, harrowed lengthwise of the furrow, seeded
witli grass seed and rolled again. In this way
these soils may he kept in a profitable course ol
cultivation without tillage crops. These sods may
pro<luce, in a dry and favorable season, large crops
of corn and potatoes, hut in a wet season the labor
would not only he lost, but the crop also.

•2d.' Under the second division may he ranked
the dark rich loams, which being equally favorable
for grain as for grass, have in many instances been
exhausted by continued grain crops. Taking into
consideration the price of labor, and the expense
of raising grain crops in this county, and the price
En"lish hay usually commands, these soils are
more profitably kept in grass. But as it may be
necessary to seed the land anew as the cultivated
grasses run out, and to enrich it by turning m and
inixin- with the soil the vegetable substances col-
lected'and growing on the surface, the lU'actice of
recruitiiig lands adopted by Mr. Elias Phmney, oi
Lexington, aud Mr. William Clark, Jr. of North-
ampton, is recommended to the farmers ot this
comity, as combining economy in labor with pro-
fitable results. Their methods and the result of
their experiments, will be concisely related:—
" Mr. Phinney's experiment was made on a field
of two acres, which had lain three years to grass,
and the cro,. of hay so light as to be worth not
more than l^c expense of making. Having ascer-
tained, by weighing the grass and roots, from a
siugle square foot, that an acre would give over
twelve tons and a quarter of vegetable substances
to the acre, his object was to turn this to good ac-
count, convinced that a great part of it was expos-
ed to useless waste by the usual manner of plough-
in", cross ploughing, and harrowing.— The sward
was turned over by the plough as smoothly as pos-
sible, the outside furrow slices cut into suitable
pieces, and carted and placed in the centre of the
ploughland ;— the land is then rolled hard with a
loaded roller, an.l harrowed lengthwise, the fur-
rows so lightly as not to disturb the sod. After
carting and spreading on twenty loads of compost
manure to the acre, it was harrowed agani, and
corn planted in drills upon the furrow, at the usual
distauce and iiaiallel with the furrows. At hoe-
ing time the surface was stirred by running a light
plough between the rows, but not so deep at any
time as to disturb the sod ; and the practice of hill-
ing up the corn is to be carefully avoided. As
soon as the corn was harvested, the stubble was
loosened up by running a light horse plough
lengthwise through the rows, the surface smoothed
with a bush harrow, and one bushel of rye to the
acre, with a suflicient quantity of herdsgrass seed
and 'red top, was then sowed, and the ground
a-'aiu harrowed and rolled. The corn crop yield-
ed by estimation 70 bushels to the acre, the rye on
the two acres measured 69 1-2 bushels, and over
five tons of straw, and the bay mowed the next
year was judged to be two and a half tons to the
acre. Thus with one ploughing, aud the aid of
twenty cartloads of compost manure to the acre,

he obtained two crops of grain, and stocked the
land down to grass."

Mr. Clark's method is similar.—" On one acre
ho planted potatoes instead of corn, and after har-
vesting the potatoes and removing the lops and
weeds, lie lightly ploughed the land, and sowed
herdsgrass and clover, and harrowed and rolled,
without sowing any grain. The grass seed came
up well aud grew finely ; but the clover was much
winter-killed by the ensuing wiuter ; the herds-
grass and remaining clover gave two crops of one
ton each, and large crops the following year. So
lliat with one ploughing and a light dressing of
manure, be had a fair crop of potatoes, and grass,
making by estimation eight tons of hay from one
acre of ground in four years. His next experi-
ment was commenced in 1832, on a piece of about
8 acres, in the same field with the other. The
soil was lighter and more sandy, and had formerly
been reduced by excessive workings, but latterly
it had recruited by neglect giving only about half
a ton of hay per acre.— This piece was turned over
and managed in the method before stated ; the
corn planted in rows three feet apart each way,
and stirred between the rows by the harrow and
hoe.* In order to get in tlie clover early enough
to have it stand the winter, before it was harrowed
for the third time, four quarts each of herdsgrass
and southern, or June clover, with eight quarts of
red-top seed were mingled and sown on an acre.
The grass seed came up and grew well, and by
the time the corn was harvested, had covered the
ground almost entirely. In the spring of 1833,
after the ground had become dry, it was rolled for
the purpose of crushing the corn stubs, and level-
ling for the scythe. The clover came out finely,
and with the herdsgrass and red-top, made a large
growth of each nearly equal quantities.-— The first
crop gave a product by estimation of two tons to
the acre, of the best quality of hay, and the second
cutting, or rowen, gave an average as estimated,
of one ton to the acre. A few tons of the first
crop were sold for thirteen dollars, and the second
at ten dollars per ton, giving, if the estimate be
correct, thirty-six dollars per acre, as the proceeds
of one year's crop. The highest price the land
has ever been sold fiir, was thirty dollars per acre,
and before these experiments were commenced, it
was reputed so poor, that no one could be found
willing to cultivate it on shares, with the privilege
of managing it in his own way." We have been
thus particular in describing their methods and
the results, because if only one half such cro|.s
can be raised in this county by similar manage-
ment, it woul.l be worth the Ultenlion of every
farmer. By this method the land woidd be seed-
ed anew with little expense of labor, before it was
exhausted by continual cropping, and kept con-
stantly covered with herbage, and thereby protect-
ed from the wasting influences of the sun, wind,
and rain.

Another course recommended and practised by
the celebrated Earl Slimson, of Galway, N. Y.
has been often quoted as sbowing the wonderful
effects of good hu.sbandry. This practice, by
which his crops have been more than quadrupled,
is to turn over the sod in the fidl or spring, spread

eight or ten tons of barn yard manure on an acre,
and then to plant with corn ; and to follow the
corn with barley and grass seeds, putting three
pounds of clover and four of timothy seed on an
acre ; then let it lay two years to grass : then to go
over the same rotation of crops, and his third ro-
tation was first wheat, second corn, thud barley
to seed down with, applying about the same quan-
tity of manure every time he turned over the sod.

In this way, in the course of twenty years, he

got some of his fields to yield from 80 to 100
liushels of corn, 35 to 40 bushels of wheat, 50 to
60 of barley, and from two and a half to three and
a half tons of hay per acre, and with less labor
except in harvesting, than when he raised only
about one third or one quarter as much.

[Remainder necessarily deferred to next No.]

• .Siirrnw Ihc eround belweou llie rovvs of corn, by the plough
and harrow' for ih,^ purpose of h.vel cullivalion, as recommend-
ed by Messrs. Phinnej' and Cla,k, is much more eftecually done
hv liic Vukirntor, which has lalely been mlroduccd mlo some
nans of this c.unly, which is so conslruded as to raise and pul-
verize Ihe K'ound, leave ii level, and in fine lillh, aud al liie
same time destroy the weeds.

From the Southern Agrirullurist.
ON FATTENING CAI.VES AND LAMBS.

The manner of procuring Lamb and Veal of a
very fat and superior quality, as practised in Eng-
land, and partially by graziers for tire Philadelphia
market, does not seem to be noticed in works on
agriculture, in a manner worthy of the subject.
With a view of impressing the importance of it
upon the minds of our planters and farmers, both
in reference to the profit to be derived to liiem-
selves from it, as well as the improvement of our
market, which ought to be a consideration with
every public spirited farmer, we shall give such de-
tails furnished to us in a conversation with a gen-
tleman of some experience, and apiiaremly well
acquainted with the whole rationale, as will place
the subject within the reach of every one.

All animals, in health, being high fed, and de-
barred from exercise, become fat — to this, in thf
human species, there are many exceptions ; bu
these excejitions arise from the fact, that man ai
an intellectual being, is operated upon by the in
flueiice of his mind, and when that becomes dis
turbed by the cares of life, his physical lacnlties
particularlv those of his digestion, become uupair
ed, and however high he may feed, and lazy hi
haiaits may be, food will appear to oo nothin,
more than to sustain life, without increasing hi
bulk. With other animals such is not the case
their wants, limited to few, nature has bestowe
upon them, in a few gifts, the ample means c
supplying, and hence, there are no circumstar
ces but injury, ill health, or mismanagemen
that can prevent them from becoming fat whe
properly and highly fed, and suffered to remain •
indolence.

From the mildness of our winters, and spare 1
bof upon our iilantatious, there is no ponion
tbis country that affords greater facilities Jor tl
fattening cf calves and lambs for our market th»
Carolina, and yet that market bears ample test
mony of the gross and palpable negligence ol tlio."
whose interests ought to excite them to exertio
Any one in the habit of buying his pioviMoi
must remark the general inferiority of the v«
and lamb brought to the Charleston marlut ; i
seldom see a piece of either above mediocrity, a
that considered so rare, that an enormous price
demanded, and frequently obtained for it. Tl
would not be the case, were our planters and far
ersto turn their attention to this subject, v\l:ich
improving tire quality, would increase llie c.
sumption, and consequently their profit, by a re!
market for this portion of their stock.

The method pursued ia other countries, i

VOL. XIII. NO. 89

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

which can he so easily obtained in ours, is this:

the calve=-, shortly after they are dropt, and when
they have altr.ined sufficient strength to run and
skip about, are shut up in a very dry and clean
pen, about nine or ten feet square, being of a size
sufficient to contain six or nine calves. A small
manger, suttioiently low to enable them to reach
the food placed iii it, must be fixed in the centre
of the pen ; in this manger their food, consisting
of ground Indian corn, (not sifted,) must be daily
put, not more than they can consume ; a small
bundle of fine hay tied up, and a lump of chalk
should be placed within their reach, the former
for them to nibble at, the latter for them to lick.
This occasions an increase of appetite in them for
their mother's milk, and contributes vastly to the
fattening of them; the confinement prevents them
from interrupting the increase of fat by the exer-
cise they would take in their playful gambols if let
loose. The chalk also has a tendency to correct
the acidity in their stomach, which frequently pro-
duces a looseness in their bowels very embarrassing
to the process. The cows are kept in stalls sepa-
rately, but not wholly confined, the calves are led
to them every morning and evening, and having
sucked their fill are replaced in their pens. The
calves are thus taught to suck any of the cows ;
this, however, is not necessary when the cows are
regularly fed, unless it is desired to have a calf of
extraordinary size, by permitting it to suck longer
than usual. The higher the cows are fed the bet-
ter, therefore good hay, pumpkins, and steamed ))o-
tatoes, should be furnished them with an unsparing
hand ; the nourishment of the potatoes is much im-
proved by mixing them with hay tea ; and where it
can be procured flaxseed jelly ; this being a scarce
article in this section of the country, may, perhaps,
be dispensed with, without any visible difi^erence.
In thus improving the quality and value of veal,
the old stock becomes of importance, for the pro-
jess in relation to the calves being effected in the
:ourse of from six to eight weeks, the butter which
:he cows afterwards yield, is of a beautiful yellow
:olor, firm texture, and remarkably rich, this is the
latural consequence of the feeding of the cows
luring the time of the fattening of the calves.

Those who pursue the process we have above
letailcd, in order to make the veal white, in clear
veather, bleed the calves in the neck every third
lay, until their eyes indicate an approach to faint-
less; this must be done in the middle of the day.
rhis animal appears to be peculiarly subject to ple-
hora, therefore it should be moderately fed at first,
nd some blood taken from them, whenever there
ppears in them a loss of appetite.

In fattening lambs, the ewes require considera-
te attention ; they should be fed upon a rye-patch
r turnip bed, or food of similar character. The
imbs, as fast as they are born and run alone, must
e shut up in a dark stall, the size of which must
orrespond w'nh the number of lambs to be attend-
d to ; a trough sufBciently low for them to eat
■cm, must be placed in some convenient place
dthin the stall, which must be supplied daily with
idian corn-meal and bran ; within their reach
lUst be hung up a small wisp of fine hay. Ad-
linmg this stall there must be a larger apartment,
ito which the ewes are to be turned two or three
mes a day to suckle the lambs, and must be per-
dtted to remain with them all night. Early in
le morning, and before the ewes are turned out
• pasture, the lambs must be put in their darl?
all, in order to debar them from exercise ; and

227

having no other amusement but that of the glutton,
will nibble so much of (he hay, and eat so much
of the Iiulian corn-itieal, as to make them exces-
sively thirsty, by the time they are to be suckled
by the ewes, which will make them grow extra-
ordinary large and fat in a short time.

There is considerable advantage derived from
this mode of treatment, in the lambs indiscrimin-
ately sucking the ewes, without reference particu-
larly to their own dams; because, when the lambs
grow and gain strength, they are able to consume
more milk than can be afforded by a single ewe,
particularly those that have more than one lamb.
Another advantage derived is, when all the lambs
of a ewe are killed off, she will continue to suckle
the rest as before, thus giving additional nourish-
ment to the surviving lambs.

Tlie process, above detailed, is so simple in its
character, as to be within the reach of every one
disposed to make the experiment; one that will in-
sure both amusement and profit, and which may
safely be confided (under the eye of the master,)
to such negroes as could not do much in the field.
Our Island planters have a favorable offi)ortunity of
stocking our markets with the finest small meals,
almost without an exertion. The exhibition of
our markets in the summer months, shoidd display
the finest specimens of these articles, yet there is
scarcely a piece of meat of either of the above de-
scriptions brought to market at that season, that
may be compared with the inferior kinds of the
North. This is a reflection upon a land like ours,
abounding with luxuriant herbage and roots, and
speaks a language not to be misunderstand, that
there is a gross deficiency in the energy of our
planters and farmers in this branch of their agri-
cultural pursuits. s,
Charleston, Dec. 14, 1834.

duces stranguary, when the dose must be dimin-
ished a little and continued until the disease is re-
moved. We have been recently informed of the
good effects of this mixture in a great number of
instances, and one very remarkable case has fallen
within our notice, in which the disease in its worst
form, vanished before it in a few weeks, allhough
the patient had been long using without advantag^e,
the usual and other most powerful remedies for
this _ troublesome and painftd mnku]y.— Boston
Medical and Suri^ical Journal.

TOP DRESSING WITH DRT STRAWS.

It is a general practice in this neighborhood to
apply the wheat-straw dry and unrotted, and often
fresh from the threshing machines, as a top-dress-
ing for the poorest parts of the clover land. It is
not laid so thick as to kill the grass, and aids its
growth and the fertility of the land so much, that
a load of straw used in this manner, is thought
much more beneficial than if it had been passed
through the farm-yard, in any of the usual pro-
cesses of making manure. On the farm described
in the report as Wm. H. Meriwether's, (since sold
to William L. Craven,) I saw a piece of land thus
covered with straw, from which oats, and evident-
ly a very good growth, had been lately reaped.
Yet this growth was caused by this dry top-dress-
ing applied after covering in the seed, and of
course late, on a spot so worn as to have been
otherwise very unproductive. This is certainly a
very cheap mode of applying the straw, independ-
ent of its alleged (and universally admitted) supe-
rior efficacy. — Farmer^s Register.

IMPORTANT DISCOVERY.

A surgeon of Gottengen has discovered a com-
plete antidote to ar.senic. It is pero.xyd (or the red
oxyd) of iron, twelve parts of which neutralize one
of oxyd of arsenic. Th6 following is the statement
as given :

"The French papers state that a surgeon o(
Gottengen has just discovered that the peroxyd of
iron is a powerful antidote to arsenic. Twelve
parts of hydrate of peroxyd of iron are necessary
to iieutralize completely one part of oxyd of ar-
senic. It is pre|)ared by pouring nitric acid into
a very pure solution of the sulphate of iron, pre-
cipitated by ammoniac and well washed. Experi-
ments with this antidote have been tried upon
rabbits, and other animals, with complete success.
One advantage of it is, that no injury can be done
by too large a dose. In cases where large quanti-
ties of arsenic have been taken, it has been found
useful first to encourage vomiting." JY. Y. Star.

From the Lang Island Star.
MISCELLiANEOUS.

There is this difference between happiness and
wisdom— he that thinks himself the hiippiest man
really is so ; but he that thinks himself the wisest
is generally the greatest fool. — Lacon.

A simile.

CHRONIC RHEUMATISM,

We are not ready to add to the number of the
remedies which have been prescribed for this pain-
ful disease, without a certainty that such addition
will be valuable in practice. Tiiis certainty we
are convinced will attend the remedy it is the ob-
ject of this article to bring before the profession.
It is a mixture of equal parts of the balsam of sul-
phur and spirit of turpentine. Six drops of this
mixture may be given morning and evening, and
the dose increased two drops a day until it pro- 1 scribed them."

Like a long standing cup of tea, life
grows sweeter and sweeter toward the bottom, and
seems to be nothing Jess than syrup of sugar at
the last. — Hood.

Health. A precious gem, which, like Aladdin's
lamp, is often bartered away for paltry gew-gaws
by those unconscious of its value.

Offence and Punishment. A man who was im-
prisoned for marrying two wives, complained that
he had been severely dealt with for an offence
which carries its own punishment along with it.

A countryman reading a newspaper in Randolph
(Tennesee), was asked why he did not subscribe
for it, as it was a good paper. — " Why yes," re-
plied the countryman, " I like it, it's right' fine,
but I thinks it's a leelle too costive." This is a new
name for a newspaper.

Freedom. Dream not of freedom for the whole
while you enslave the parts ; the heart must be
the centre of the system, the blood next circulates
freely every where ; and in vast communities you
behold but a bloated and feeble giant, whose biiin
is imbecile, whose limbs are dead, and who jiays
in disease and weakness the pen.alty of transcend-
ing the paternal proportions of health and vigor.

The Creator. «' AVho but the Omnipotent could
have formed the sqn, could have marked out its
destined course, suspended it without support in
the blue vault, saying, ' this be thy station and
this thy brilliant seal?' Could any power, save
that of the Eternal, have created the earth, the
moon, and all the planets .= These undeviatingly
perform their course within the orbits he has pre-

228

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JANUARY as, 1835.

TRANSPIi ANTING

Transplnnting is the cliiingiiig of the localities
of entire pl.'ints. It is eflei-ted by disengaging the
roots from the soil, and [.lacing them in new sitna-
tions favorable to the growth and developenient of

the plani. , • , i

To accomplish this successfully, it is desirable
that the roots bo preserved fresh and entire.

The proper seasons for transplanting ornamen-
tal and other trees ami shrubs, are tlie spring and
ftill. Generally in October and November of the
latter period, and March and April of the former.
It is commonly best in colder latitudes to remove j
the more delicate shrubs and trees in spring, but
where the cliiiiate is not so severe, the autumn is
preferable. In the latter case, the winter is not so
likely to prove injurious to them.

Those whic'j are natives of countries equally
cold and rigorous with the one to which they are
removed, may be transplanted either in the spring
or antum'n, indiscriminately. Such as are natives
of warmer climates, and have become acclimated,
l)y culture, to higher latitudes, may be transplanted
in spring. They ought to have every advantage
that the warm seasons can afford, previous to their
exposure to the rigors of winter.

Plants transferred to a less favorable climate,
should be removed at a period most favorable to
them to support the change without injury. Deli-
cate trees, when transplanted in spring, form new
/oots, that take firm hold of the earth during sum-
mer. Their roots become established in their po-
sition, so that there is far less prospect of injury
from the severities of winter. It is a matter of
little consequence, however, at which of these sea-
sons the hardy kinds arc removed.

Plants, when taken from the earth to be trans-
ferred, should be removed with much care. Should
any injury be sustained by a loss or mutilation of
of a part of the roots, the whole body of the plant,
together with the roots, may be immersed in fresh
water during a period of twenty or thirty hours,
previous to setting it in the earth again.

The top is to be lessened in proportion to the
loss the roots may have sustained. Otherwise the
plant will iierish from a loss of its wonted nour-
ishment. The ordinary quantity of root being di-
minished, the exhaustion from evaporation will bo
greater than the absorption of the remaining por-
tion of root, so that the plant will die by transpi-
ration.

October and November, after the first frosts have
arrested the progress of vegetation in woody pe-
rennials, is recommended as a proper season for
transplimling them. Some are of the ojiinion, that
the peach, plum, cherry, and most evergreens,
succeed best v.heii transplanted in spring.

Any trees, even the most delicate, may be suc-
cessfully lrans|ilanted in autumn, if a liule protec-
tion be afibrded them by covering the root during
the first and most trying winter. Where complete
success is hoped, it is best to shift their locality in
the fall, if possible.

The protection of most trees, shrubs and woody
plants, may consist in spreading a few inches of
litter from the stable around the trunk and over the

roots.

Moss from the meadow and evergreen boughs
are highly recommended for the protection of deli-
cate plants. They are not liable to undergo de-
cotnposilioii during the winter, and iherehy injure
and destroy what they were designed to ])rotect.

Delicate plants arc sometimes supposed to be de-

stroyed by too much protection after being trans-
planted, when, in fact, they perish for want of it,
being killed by the alternate freezing and thawing
of the earth at its surface. This difficulty might
have been easily obviated by covering them with
evergreen boughs or meadow moss.

When trees or shrubs are transplanted in au-
tumn, the earth becomes consolidated at their roots,
so that the radical fibres soon take firm footing in
the earth, and the plant is prepared to vegetate
with {he earliest advances of spring.

The excavations in the earth for the reception of
the roots of trees and shrubs should bear some pro-
! portion to their size. They may generally be made
1 from four to six feet in diameter, and of about
eighteen or twenty inches in depth. Large trees
will require a larger opening than this, and small
ones not so large.

The yellow or subsoil where they are to be lo-
cated may be thrown out, and replaced at bottom
with a fine mould, intermixed with a portion of
good manure.

Trees transplanted should stand tw^ or three
inches deeper in the earth than they stood previous
to their removal. In no case should the extra depth
exceed this.

The radical fibres are to bo spread horizontally
I in their natural position, and the soil intimately
blended with them and compactly pressed about
the trunk and over the roots.

No manure should be permitted to come in im-
mediate contact with the roots, though it should
be plentifully placed about them on all sides. —
Should it touch them, they would be likely to sus-
tain injury and rot.

The ground before being trodden very hard about
the roots, is to be plentifully moistened by pouring
water about the plant.

In transplanting evergreens, it is generally rec-
ommended previous to treading the earth about their
1 roots, to pour several gallons of water about the
trunk, and after filling in with earth, to finish by
treading it as hard as possible for the space of hall
an hour or more. This would be a good rule to
fuUow in regard to all trees of whatever kind.

.lune has been considered by many as the best
month for transplanting annuals that are cultiva-
ted as Florists' Flowers, and September the
most suitable for transplanting himniah.

In transplanting plants of every description, it
is desirable that as much earth as possible be re-
moved with the roots. If this be done, there will
be less danger of their suflfering by the change of
situation.

Though moist, cloudy weather is generally best
for transplanting, it should not be done when
the ground is very wet. The earth should be
only moderately moist, otherwise it will be clam-
my and heavy.

The operation of transplanting is most success-
fully performed in cloudy days, and a little before
evening previous to a shower. The reasons for
this are obvious. If it be done when the earth is
dry and in the middle of the day, plants require
watering and shading fiar a considerable time after-
wards.

If the root be small, or injured, or destitute of
earth when taken up, it will require that the earth
which is placed about it bo made finer, and pressed
more firmly, and that the plant be more plentifully
watere<l. It will also require to be longer shaded.
Plants, transferred to pots and boxes, after bav^
ing the soil pressed firmly about them on all sides.

should also be plentifully watered and for some
time shaded. Care is to be taken that the shell be
placed over the aperture at the bottom of the ves-
sel, otherwise the |)lant will perish through a su-
perabundance of moisture. Saturation of the earth
without an nutlet at the bottom, will rot the root
and destroy the plant. — Florist's Manual.

From tlie Norlliampton Courier.
HON. SAMUEIi IiATHROP'S ADDRESS

Before the Hampshire, Hampden and Frank-
lin Agricultural Society last autumn, is excellent
for its practical details and good common sense.
We Slave the manuscript and are permitted to pub-
lish the whole. We shall print it entire, with the
omission of some paragraphs adapted to the anni-
versary occasion. He says —

The science of Agriculture, taken in all its
branches and departments, as usually practised in
New England, is one of the most comprehensive
and multifarious of all the departments of industry.
Almost every farmer will find within the range of
his superintendence, a great variety of soil — the
wet and the dry — the cold and the warm — the
fertile and the barren — the light and the heavy—
the clayey and the sandy. Each of these varie-
ties, in order to the development of its latent ener-
o-ies at the least expense, with the least exhaustion
and the most for the benefit of the cultivator, re
quires a great diversity of management in its pre
paralion, in its cuUivation, in the kind of manur
which may be applied, with the greatest prospec
of an adequate return, and in the nature of th
crop best adapted to the soil.

We have also a great variety of crops to culti

vate dififerent kinds of grain, grasses, fruits an

vegetables. Now all these require difl'erent kind
of management in order to their successful culture
and they are, each of them, better adapted t
some particular kind of soil, than to others. It
not every soil, with the most skilful culture, th;
will reward the labor of the husbandman with
good crop of wheat or of corn. Some soils wi
produce a liberal crop of grass, others will no
and among the cultivated grasses, some are pecu
iarly adapted to a particular kind of soil, whe:
others will entirely fail.

The a|)plication of the various kinds of manu
requires the exercise of a sound discretion, i
structed by experience and observation. The
various kinds are particularly adapted to theiV a
propriate soils. While they will all produce
salutary and beneficial effect when properly a:
plied, they will fail, or nearly so, when misapplii
Some kinds of manure will admit of a more ger
ral application than others, but none of them w
admit of an indiscriminate application, but at 1
hazard of an almost total loss.

The rearing and the management of the dif?
ent species of animals connected with our agric
lural concerns, is another branch of industry, wh
requires, in order to its successful and economi
pursuit, a variety of knowledge and skill, wh
can be learned only by a long course of obser
tion and personal experience.

Besides, the business of the farmer does l
like that of the operatives in most of our inech
ical and manufiicturing establishments, admil
divisions and subdivisions, so that one branti
business may be assigned to one set of bands,
another to others. JUit the various deparlmeni
calculation, direction and execution press on
succession, with respect to the particular obj

VOL.. XIII. NO. 39.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

229

of the season, and every object, in its turn, claims
the whole energies of the operatives. We cannot
confine one set of hands to ploughing and sowing
throughout the year, and another to reaping and
gathering into our barns. Every branch of busi-
ness has its appropriate season. It must then be
done, or not at all. And much, very much of the
pleasure and comfort, as well as the success at-
tending the farmer's pursuits, depend on his bdirig
prepared to occupy each and every season of the
year with its peculiarly appropriate business — U[ion
his being ready, at all times, to drive liis work,
and not to suffer his own work to drive him. The
man, who suffers one department to fall behind its
season, and thus to encroach upon another, is in
danger of finding every thing jostled out of place.
He will be hurried and fretted in all his labors,
and will inevitably meet with loss and disappoint-
Juent. [To be continued.

EXPERIMENTS PROPOSED.

The following hints upon experiments in agri-
culture have been just received by the committee
[of the Saffron Walden Agricultural Society] and
jirinted, in the hope that as it is quite unnecessary,
in order to arrive at a practically useful result,
that any experiment should be tried iipou a large
scale, some of the members of the society may
turn their attention to the subjects.

The celebrated De Candoll|^in his Vegetable
Physiology, has pointed outseWal ways in which
persons who are engaged in various scientific or
economic persuits may assist_jn perfecting the
general theory of vegetation. To eacli class lie
proposes a separate series of experiments to be
undertaken by them ; and, among other notices,
he lays down a few rules by which an agricuUnral
experimenter should direct his researches. We
would more particularly refer to the following:

1. That a set of comparative experiments should
be instituted, in all cases where any positive re-
sult may be decided. For instance, if we wish to
know the effect wliich any particular treatment of
the soil will produce upon a certain crop, then we
should at the same time ascertain what is the ef-
fect of the soil under ordinary circumstances upon
a crop of the same kind. We should not be sat-
isfied with the results of a single experiment, but
should repeat it on different soils and in different
situations.

2. No remarks that are made during the pro-
gress of an experiment should be trusted to the
memory, but should always be carefully and scru-
pulously recorded in writing.

3. The experimenter should be careful to state
bis facts in such scientific or technical terms as
may generally be understood, or, if he uses mere-
ly local and popular language, he should so explain
himself as to bo clearly intelligible.

Had attention been paid in these rules, the re-
sults of many important experiments would have
been available to science which are now no better
than lost labor.

De Candolle has particularly alluded to the fol-
lowing experiments, among others, which may be
proposed to agriculturists as likely to aftbrd inter-
esting results : —

1. To ascertain whether blue vitriol (sulphate
of copper) is serviceable in preventing the rust,
smut, and some other diseases in corn, which de-
pend upon the attacks of minute fungi.

2. To ascertain the precise effects of g\|)sum or
plaster of Paris (sulphate of lime) in agricidture.

[a] Whether it be equally eflicacious, calcined
or unburnt, in promoting the growth of green fo-
rage, as tares, peas, &c. [Leguinetwsft.]

(6) Whether it be useful as a manure for any
other tribes of plants.

(c) Whether its use hardens the seeds of the
Legumenosae so as to render them difficult to be
cooked.

.3. To determine, by exact and varied experi-
ments, whether different kinds of corn intermixed
in the same field will yield a greater or less pro-
duce than when grown in separate fields.

4. To prove by experiments on physiological
and chemical principles, (as laid down by De
Candolle,) what rotation of crops may be most
advantageously adopted on different soils, and
what soils, by a rotation of crops, will yield all
the advantages of which the alternate system is
capable. — British Fanner^s ■ Magazine.

ARCHITECTURE.

From the Ohio Fanner.
WHITE WASH.

As the citizens of our village have, much to
their credit, turned their attention to painting and
white washing the outside of their buildings, we
insert the following in hopes something may be
drawn from it to their advantage on the score of
utility and economy.

Incomhustible ff'ash and Stucco White Wash. —
The basis of both is lime, which must be first
slacked with hot water, in a small tub or piggin,
and covered, to keep in the steam ; it then should
be passed in a fluid form, through a fine sieve, to
obtain the flour of the lime. It must be put on
with a painter's brush — two coats are best for out-
side work.

First, To make a fluid for the roof, and other
parts of wooden houses, to render them incondius-
tible, and coatings for brick, tile, stone work and
ough cast, to render them impervious to the wa-
ter, and give them a durable and handsome ap-
pearance. The proportions in each recipe are five
gallons. Slack your lime as before directed, say
six quarts, into which put one quart of clean rock
salt for each gallon of water to be entirely dissolv-
ed by boiling, and skimmed clean ; then add to
the five gallons one pound of alum, half a pound
of copperas, three-fourths of a pound of potash —
the last to be gradually added ; four quarts of fine
sand or hard wood ashes must also be added ; any
coloring matter may be mixed in such quantity as
to give it the requisite shade. It will look belter
than paint, and be as lasting as slate. It must be
put on hot. Old shingles must be first cleaned
%vith a stift' broom, when this may be applied. It
will stop the small leaks, prevent moss from grow-
ing, render them incombustible, and last many
years.

Second, To make a brilliant Stucco White Wash
for buildings, inside and out. Take clean lumps
of well burnt stone lime ; slack the same as before ;
add one fourth of a pound of whiting or burnt
alum pulverized, one pound of loaf or other sugar,
three pints of rice flour made into a very thin and
well boiled paste, starch or jelly, and one pound
clean glue, dissolved in the same manner as cabi-
net makers do. This may be applied cold within
doors, but warm outside. It will be more brilliant
than plaster-of-paris, and retain its brilliancy for
many years, say from fifty to one hundred. Jt is
superior, nothing equal. The 'east end of the
President's house in Washington is washed with it.

CHENAM.

Our merchants are indebted to Captain Thomas
Bennett, of the New- York and Liverpool packet
line, for the introduction of this article into use
here. Chenam (the East India name), is made by
mixing slacked and pulverized lime with whale
oil to the consistency of mortar. It is se tena-
cious that it adheres immediately wherever applied,
and is entirely impervious to water, and becomes
perfectly hard in it.

It is laid on ships' bottoms with trowels, some-
times imder the sheathing and sometimes between
the copper aud sheathing ; and, in some instances
in both places. The copper is init on while the
Chenam is soft, and adheres to it so completely
that no water passes between them ; and it is said
that copper in vessels which have a coat of Che-
nam wears nearly double the usual time.

Whale oil is used here in making it, because it
fully answers the purpose, and is two-thirds
cheaper than vegetable oil — but vegetable oil makes
much the best Chenam, becoming after a short
time as liard as a stone. It is suggested that the
celebrated mortar of the ancients was made of
lime and vegetable oil.

I understand that some experiments will be
made here on roofs and outsides of houses, with
Chenam, as it is believed it will effectually resist
the fogs and frosts of our climate, which the com-
mon rough casting does not. — JVexu Bedford Gaz.

GUM ELASTIC.

Mr. Geo. D. Cooper, of this city (N. York) has
obtained a patent for an entirely new and must
valuable application of the gum elastic, viz. to pre-
vent leaking in ships, damage to cargoes, and pre-
serving the timbers from rot, and also sheathing (
for roofs of buildings.

The places to which the gum elastic sheets or
cloths, saturated with gum elastic, are to he ap-
plied, are —

1st. Between the inner part of the ribs and the
inner planking.

2. Between the outward part of the ribs and
the outward planking.

3. Between the outward planking and the cop-
per.

4th. Between the deck beams and deck plank-
ing.

By this application there will be a perfect un-
broken sheet of gum elastic from stem to stern,
aud all round the vessel, which must be impervi-
ous to water.

Such an improvement is incalculably the best
protection against leakage or damage than any yet
discovered. For roofs of houses it is equally valu
able, to make them air and water tight. We trust
that the ships now on the stocks will make the
experiment before planking. — jV. Y. Star.

Glass. French mirrors are said to be beyond
competition for cheapness and beauty ; but the
French crystal, though whiter, wants the softness
and unctuosity of the English, caused by less fre-
quent melting.

Plated Ware. The French mode of working
[ilated ware is more simple than the English, but
the latter have the advantage in their milled cop-
per, costing less. The French need not fear the
English article, as the former consume only 20,000
lbs. per annum, and the latter 1,200,000 lbs. The
English stamp all their pieces, and the dies are
very expensive. The French chiefly turn.

230

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JAKUARY 38, 1835.

NEW JJ N fi C A N W FARMER.

BOSTON, VVEUNESDAY EVENING, JAN. 23, 1835.

For the New England Farmer.
DIFFERENCE OP TEMPERATURE IN HII.I.S
AND VAI-L.EYS.

Mr. Fessenuen— Dear Sir, I will give the following.
in answer to the quere of Mr. Breck in a late Farmer.
As warm air ascends, it follows of course that cold air
will descend, and occupy the lowest places, in the ab-
sence of the sun. Mr. Breck says, it is known the high-
er you go the colder it is, probably so to the extent of
the atmosphere ; but cold must have its limits. I cannot
conceive of its being colder, than in a place where all
heat is absent. It is probable, that if it were not for the
sun's rays, that the atmosphere would be of uniform
temperature ; it is known that the sun's rays pass through
a transparent body, like air, without heating it but little
if any ; but in striking the Earth, they there create heat ;
and by expanding the air, at the surface of the earth,
cause it to ascend ; and in the absence of the sun during
the night, the warmest air will be ascending, and the
coldest descending : we will say that the sun shall be ab-
sent from Lancaster for a time sufficient, and that the
atmosphere tliere shall be stationary, the coldest air
would continue descending on the valley of the Nashua,
and the warm ascending, until the temperature of the
atmosphere from the surface of the earth, to its extremi-
ty, were equal.

■With respect to the dift'erence of cold, in the valley,
.^nd on the hill, in time of calm, and a high wind, — I
will say in answer, that when the atmosphere ia moving
over an uneven country, with great velocity (what we
nil a high wind) rising over the hills and descending
into the valleys, forming various eddies and currents, it
would naturally intermix the higher and lower tempera-
lures of the air, and make the cold on the hill and in the
valley more uniform than it would be in a still time ;
therefore, if there had been a wind at Lancaster, on Sun-
day morning, the Thermometer on the hill and in the
valley would have ranged more uniform.

Respectfully yours, &c. William Keith.

West Roxhurij, Jan. I5th, 1835.

Br THE Editor. Mr. Breck's queries are in sub-
stance, 1st. 'Why it is colder during a severe frost, in a
valley, than on hills adjacent.' — 2. If there is wind in a
very cold day, will there be any dift'erence between the
temperature of the hills and valleys .■■

It is well known that the mean temperature of any
place depends on many circumstances, too numerous to
be here recapitulated, besides its distance from the equa-
tor. Sir John Sinclair in his Code of JIgriculture ob-
serves, " It may be remarked, that land in the same par-
allel of latitude, other circumstances being nearly similar,
is always more valuable in proportion to the comparative
lowness of its situation. In the higher districts, the
quality even of the herbage is less succulent and nour-
ishing, and the reproduction slower, when in grass ;
while the grain is less plump, runs more to straw, is less
perfectly ripened, and the harvest is also later.

" It has been estimated, that sixty yards of elevation
in the land are equal to a degree of latitude ; or in other
words that sixty yards perpendicular higher, are in re-
spect of climate equal to a degree more north." — Code of
AgT. p. 25— C.

That the temperature or mean warmth of a place in
the growing part of the season is greater on low land
than on high land in the same latitude, appears from the
fact that the spring is more backward and the harvest is
much later on the heights of land between the Merri-
mack, Connecticut and iMorth Rivers, than in the valleys
which are pervaded by these streams. Yet, in very cold

vieather these Iiigh lands are the warmest. The causes
of this dift'erence have been well explained by our cor-
respondents, but we will add a few words.

In the summer or in warm weather the source of heat
is the sun. His rays pervade the atmosphere, strike the
earth's surface, are reflected from the points of contact,
and warm the air most which is nearest the reflector. A
valley, like that of Nashua river, or the valley of the
Connecticut for instance, is a concave reflector, and
serves to concentrate the sun's rays and prevent their
being so dissipated and diverged as to produce a com-
paratively small efl'ect. If we might compare great
things with small, and not be cut up by the critics for
be-littUng our subject, we should say the sun in summer
was like a culinary fire, a valley like a thing called a
tin-kitchen placed before said fire, and the air and other
matters in and upon the surface of said valley like what-
soever may be placed to warm or to roast in said utensil.
But a hill, or high land presents a convex surface to the
sun, and causes its rays to diverge instead of being con-
centrated, and (to pursue our sublime comparison) is
like the back of said tin apparatus, turned towards the
fire.

But, in the winter time, and when the sun acts feebly,
the earth, the waters and air, previously warmed, are the
sources of what caloric or heat there is left. They give
out warmth to particles of air with wliich they are in
immediate contact, which particles ascend, are conducted
up the sides of hills, &c. in consequence of their pos-
sessing less specific gravity. Cold air, as well as cold
water, is heavier than warm air, or warm water, exist-
ing under about the same pressure of the super-incum-
bent air or water. Of course the particles of compara-
tively waim air slip from under the colder atoms above
them and make their way ^to higher ground. Thus if
you put oil in a vessel and pour water upon it the water
will take the lowest part, because it is heaviest in pro-
portion to its bulk.

With regard to the question, whether there would be
any difi'erence in a windy as well as cold day between
the temperature of hills and valleys, we should suppose
the dift'erence must be very little, if at all perceptible.
Thus oil and water shaken together in a bottle will, for
a short time appear to be united, but a little rest will
cause the water to take its place below the oil.

THERMOMETRlCAIi.

Range of Thermometer at the Maverick House, East
Boston, in a shaded Northwesterly exposure, free from
the wall. J. Wilson.

I certify that the Thermometer above mentioned was
made by me and is true. Frederick Poole.

Boston, Jan. 1!), 1835.

January, 1835.

7 A.M.

1P.M.

9 P.M.

Mean.

Monday, Ittth,

18

41

28

29

Tuesday, 20th, -

30

49

33

37

Wednesday, 21st,

24

36

34

31

Thursday, 22d,

40

41

35

39

Friday, 23d,

36

44

33

38

Saturday, 24th, -

29

31

27

29

Sunday, 25th,

21

34

42

32

Wonders of Chemistry. Aquafortis and tlie air which
we breathe are made of the same mateiials. Linen, and
sugar, and spirits of wine are so much alike in their
chemical composition, that an old shirt can be converted
into its own weight in sugar, and the sugar into spirits
of wine. Water is made of two substances, one of which
is the cause of almost all combustion or burning, and the
other will burn with more rapidity than almost any thing
in nature. The famous Peruvian bark, so much used to
strengthen weak stomachs, and the poisonous principle
of opium are formed of the same materials.

ITEMS OF INTEtl.IGENCE.

Missionaries Murdered. Rev. Samuel Muneou and
Henry Lyman, sent out by the American Board, were
murdered on the 28th June, in Sumatra, while travel- j
ing into the interior. Their widows were at Batavia 1
in, Sept. under care of Rev. Mr. Medhurst, of the Lon-
don Missionary Society, well provided for but in deep
affliction.

Recipe. The bark of a willow tree burnt to ashes,
mixed with strong vinegar, and applied to the parts, will
remove all warts, corns, and other excrescensies on any
part of the body.

Odoriferous substances offensive to Insects. It is said
that the common mint strewed among grain as it is
stowed away in the barn, will preserve it from being in-
jured by vermin. Camphor, when kept among bed-
clothes, will keep away bed bugs and fleas. From these
circumstances, together with the fact that we do not re-
collect of having seen plants strongly odoriferous injured
by insects, we are led to conclude that farmers might be
benefitted by turning their attention to the subject.

Large Simne. Mr. John Tillow, of Fredeiick, Md.
lately killed 4 hogs, whose respective weights were 469
1-4, 428, 426, 425 3-4, and whose average length from
the nose to the root of the tail was 6 feet, and their girth
5 feet G inches.

Larger yet. Mr^Philip Jones,of Amesbury,has lately
killed a hog, l^nonths old, which weighed 626
pounds.

Benjamin Brown, Esq. of Vassalborough, Me. has
off'ered to give .f 10,000 towards founding an Hospital for
the Insane in Maine.

By the resignation of Judge Duval, of the Supreme
Court of the United States, Judge Story takes the va-
cant chair as Senior Associate with the venerable Chief
Justice Marshall.

^ A bill of indictment has been found by the Grand Jury

Iof Westchester county, New- York, against the individ-
ual known as Matthias the prophet, for the alleged mur-
der of Elijah Pierson.

We perceive among the standing committees of the
Legislature of Maryland, one on the subject of applica-
tions for Divorces. It is to be regretted ths^t there are
so many unfortunate or discontented mairied people to
make such a committee expedient.

A resolution has passed the Georgia Legislature, giv-
ing $3,000 for the education of the deaf and dumb ol
that State, and appropriating 10,000 for the erection of
a Southern Asylum, as soon as not less than two othei
States shall unite in the project.

Of the members constituting the present House of the
New..York Assembly, 23 are lawyers, 10 are doctors, O:
are farmers, 21 are merchants, one currier, one book
binder, one carman, one saddler, one ship-joiner, on
carpenter, and three are gentlemen of leisure.

Sweet Potatoes. The Natchez Courier says — We hav
received from John H. Helm, Esq. a planter of this cour
ty, a couple of twin potatoes, one measuring 18 and th
other 12 inches in length, and weighing together 14 1-
povmds — enough for 20 persons to dine upon.

Messrs. Editors, — To excite the emulation of oth.
farmers in Windham County, I would state the fact th
the Cheese, which obtained the first premium of $C
oifered by the Massachusetts Agricultural Society ar
awarded at tlieir late meeting in Boston, was from tl'
excellent dairy of Messrs. B. c& J. Lynde of Guilloi
Farmer's Friend. — Vermont Phoenix.

VOL. XIII, NO. as.

AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL.

OUio. Tlie Senate have voted 17 to IG, for the exe-
cution of criminals in private. A proposition for abol-
ishing tlie punishment of death was rejected by a vote
of 24 to [).

The present Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain,
(Lord Lyndhurst) is a native of Boston, Mass. He left
Boston with his father (the late Sir John Copely) the
day preceding the battle of Lexington, which circum-
stance saved their family properly from, confiscation.
The land below the Hancock estate, on Beacon street,
now occupied by some of the most splendid private resi-
dences in the Union, belonged to the Copely family.
The widow of the late Gardiner Greene, ol Boston, is
sister to Lord Lyndhurst.

FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAI. TREES, PLANTS, <fcc.

Nursery ol VV1LLL\11 KENRICK in

„ Newton, Mass. 5.^ miles from Boston b,j the

Western Avenue, and .i a mile from the Worcester Rail Road
Tlie Iruil trees iiicludo the finest kinds ol Flemish Pears —
also Apples Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Neclarines, jVp'ri-

231

PRICES OF COUNTRY PKOUUCE

Corrected wltb great care, weelUy.

HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, AND GARDEN-
ER'S MAGAZINE.

Conducted by T. G. Fesstnden, and J. E. Teachemacher.

No. 2 of Ihe above work will be published Feb. 1 1835

.nd conlan the following original articles : ' '

Salpiglossis — (wuh a colored plate);

A Parasite of the Honey Bee ;

Furliier Remarks on Celery ;

On the Cultivation of Florist's Flowers, and Raising New
'arielies from Seed ;

On the Culture of Asparagus ;

On Collecting- Specimens of Natural History, &c.;

American Plants;

Horticultural Notes,— upon the Morus Multicaulis, Fruit
'rees and Flowers.

Floiicullure near Boston, — Notice of Plants at the Conser-
Uory of J. P. Cushing, Esq. and at Messrs. Winships ;
Notice of European Publications;

Gardener's Work for February.

The very favorable reception of the first No. of the above
Drk encourages the Publisher to fulfil his intentions ; and the
ry moderate terms of a work intended to be so usetui and
eresling, encourages the belief that its circulation will be ex-
isive throughout the different Stales, thereby enabling us to
ntinue its benefits, introducing plates, &c.
Wo would request an inspection of the present Number.
TermSj Two Dollars in advance.

GEO. C. BARRETT.

. VP^ ; -'■"-"'-"' 'co'-iies, riums, «ectarines, Apr
cots, Almonds, Quinces, Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries
Oooseberries, and Mulberries,includingthe Chinese Mulberry
or MoRUs Multicaulis, Strawberries, Figs, *c selections'
Irom the very best varieties known. The Ornamental Trees
and Plants alone, comprise one thousand varieties, the most
beautiful kinds known ; these include Horse Chesnuts Ween-
ing Willows, Catalpas, Mountain Ash, Ailanlhus or Tree of
Heaven, Scotch Larch, Silver Firs, Venetian Sumach, Allhe-
as, ,>5nowballs. Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c.-Superb China and

I jJ^S'^M^n m'^"""' flo^e'-'ng Plants, Pa^onies, and
splendid Double Dahlias. '

Address lo WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton, Mass —and
gentlemen will please to forward their orders early Trees
plants, &c. whan ordered, are sent to the city, without charo-e
lor transportation. They are selected and labelled with dSe
precaution and care; and securely packed, and forwarded from
rioston, by land or sea.

All orders which may left with Geo. C. Barrett al his
Seed store, 31 and 52 North Market Street, Boston 'who is
agent, will be m like manner, promptly attended lo —Cata-
logues gratis on application.

10,000 PEACH TREES. Those gentlemen who contem-
plate forming extensive orchards of the peach tree, near the lo-
cation of our railroads, are invited to make early application.

, WANTED

fohire from three lo five years within three or four miles
of boston Market a farm from ten lo thirty acres of land with
a good dwelling house and other out buildings. For infor-
mation apply at No. 66 Faneuil Hall Market!

*' Jan. 28

FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.

A complete wellbound, unsullied copy of Vol 1 of the
'• New England Farmer." Having beenmuch call fo'r it the
owner will sell it for p. Jan. 26 3t

CHOICE AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, &c.

Vew Italian Rye Grass, and Pacey's Perennial do. ; Sain-
11, Finest Provence Luzerne, Dutch While Clover, Trefoil
Yellow Clover, New Crimson Clover, or Trifolium incariia-
1 ; Orchard Grass, or Cocksfoot ; Tall Oau Grass, Skinless
IS, Early Angus, Hopeloun, and English Potato Oats, weigh-
■ ii lbs pr bushel, Superior Barley, Large field Burnet
nothy or Herds Grass, Vetches, Lenliles; Taylor's Forty-'
1 Potato, now taking precedence of all others. Early Non-
■eil, Mercer, Kidney and Pink-eye Potatoes, Potato Onion
nie Italian Mulberry, Large Riga Flax, Dyers' Madder'
iiad.and Weld; Extra large Fuller's Teazel, Large while
d Carrot, the sweetest and most profitable for Cattle; Red
How, and White Mangold VVurtzel, the two latter exceed-
ly sweet, and all very profitable for Cattle and Garden,
ill the foregoing Seeds, and every other kind for the Farmer
or the Kitchen and Flower Garden will be supplied at moder-
prices, comprising many superior new vegetables, never
ire oflercd lo the public. Among these are a number of
('superior Cabbages, Lettuces, Peas, Beans, Onions, Rad-
:s. Beets, Cucumbers, Squashes, Pumpkins, Spinach, Tur-
i. &c, introduced from France, Spain and Italy. The fol-

ing choice new Melons can now be 'upplied Malta winter

1 green flesh, rich and high flavored, and keeps till Febru-
; Neued Romana, Oval Romana, French Muscade Co-
sa Imperial, Ispahan, Cyprian, Early Cantaloup. Green
led Sugar, Fine Japan Cantaloup, Dark Orange. Embroi-
•6 Cantaloup, Scarlet Rock, Small Prescot, VVhite Rock
en Pine apple. Netted Cantaloup, and some others, com-
ing a luxurious addition lo the dessert. All applicants will
B the Seed Catalogue and other Catalogues sent them
:is, and orders sent direct per mail for Seeds. Fruil and Or-
iental Trees. Flowering Plants, Green House Plants Bul-
i Roots, Double Dahlias, &c. will have prompt attention
the packages forwarded precisely as designated. Chinese
berry, or Morus Multicaulis Irees al gio per 100, and Cut-
? in proportion. Grape Vines, and Cuttings of all kinds at

erale prices and in any quantity. N. B. The Grass

is, &c. in quanlities will be supplied much below the usual
s- WiM. PRINCE &. SONS.

innaan Garden and Nurseries near Neio York. 2t

TO THE PUBLIC.

It is now about forty years, since the late Dr. Samuel Lee,
of Windham, Conn, (now deceased), began to furnish the pub-
lic with Ins celebrated "LEES WINDHAM BILIOUS
i-ILLS, or Familij Physic. Through the agency of Ur
Isaac Thompson, of Neui London, Conn, these much esteemed
Bilious Fills, or Family Physic, have continued ever since
they were made known to Ihe public, lo give general satislac-
lion lo those who have made use of them, when obtained genu-
ine; but II IS unfortunate for Ihe public, as well as lo the pro-
prietor of this celebrated medicine, thai these pills have often
been counterfeited, and many families have had a spurious ar-
ticle put upon them, when they supposed they had obtained
the genuine article ; and u is a lamentable fact, that some few
Druggists will purchase the spurious ariicle, (knowing them to
be such,) and sell them for the genuine article f.r the paltry
gain of two or three dollars on each gross they purchase. The
proprietor of this valuable medicine considers it his duty to
the public lo be al a very great expense in advertising very
extensively in ihe newspapers of the different Stales, lo guard
them against being longer imposed upon by having counterfrit
or spurious Lee's Pills put upon them, when they ask lor the
genuine article. In order that the community may be protect-
ed from such gross imposition, the subscriber (now proprietor
of these celebrated Pills) signs his name al full length, '■ Isaac
Thompson," on a red label that is on ihe outside envelope that
will be found around each box of the genuine Lee's ( Windham)
Bilious Pills, or Family Physic. If purchasers will only be
particular to inquire for Thompson's Lee's Pills, and be careful
lo observe that his name atfiill length is signed on the red label
around each box, in his own hand-writing, they will be sure of
obtaining the genuine article.

The above mentioned Pills may be had of most of the re-
spectable Druggists throughout the United States, and of the
subscriber, (pioprietor,) al New London, Conneclicul
J 28 ISAAC THOMPSON.

Apples, russets,

Beans, white,

Beef, mess, (new)

' Cargo, No. 1 . . . .' .'

prime, ...
Beeswax, (American) '. [ '.
Butter, inspected, No. 1,' '. '.

Cheese, new milk,

skimmed milk, . . .

Feathers, northern, geese,. .

southern, geese, . .

Flax, American,

[Flaxseed, none, ...".'
Flour, Genesee, . . . cash.
Baltimore, Howard sir. .
Baltimore, wharf, , . .

Alexandria,

Grain, Corn, northern yellow,. .
southern yellow, . .

while,

Rye, Norlhern, . . . .

Barley,

Oats, Northern, . (prime)

Hay, best English, . . .

Eastern screwed, . . . .

Hard pressed, . . . , .

Honey,

Hops, Isl qualily (new) '.'..'.

2d quality
Lard, Bosion, Isisori, . . . '.

Southern, 1st sort, .
Leather, blaughter, sole, . .

" upper, . .

Dry Hide, sole. . .

" upper, . . .

Philadelphia, sole, .
Baltimore, sole.
Lime, best sort . '. . '

Pork, Mass.inspec.,extraclear

Navy, Mess, _'

Bone, middlings.
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (uewj ! '.
Rod Top,norlbern, .
Red Clover, norlhern, none
WhileDutch Honeysuckle
1 allow, tried, .......

Wool, prime or Saxony Fleeces,
American, full blood,waslied
do. 3-4ths do.
do- 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed, ....

c f Pulled superfine, .'
^y 1 Isl Lambs, . . .
:= = <; 2d •'

|§.i3d '• _ : . ;

^ ( Isl Spinning, . .
Sonihern pulled wool is generally
5 CIS. less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

pound
bushel
barrel

oushel

gallon
pound

pound

lb.
pound

lb.
pound

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

cwt

pound

from
2 SO
1 73

ll> 23

8 CO

G 73

20

14

8

H

40

36

9

1 2.

3 62

3 37

3 50

5 25

70

63

68

83

63

40

17 00

13 00

14 00
37
1
10

9
7

17

10

J5

18

27

TO

3 00

2 23

10 30

8 73

7 00

22

17

9

6

43

4fl

10

1 37

5 75

5 30

5 tie

3 70

73

ee

70

83

65

45

20 00

15 00

16 00
42
13

n

25

17 00
16 00

s

2 26

75

S

26

7 80
60
50
43
38
32
58
51:
40
30
23
35

ly
1?
n

20
30

27

1 00
18 BO

S 3t

2 60
87
10
31

8 80
6S
68
50
43
36
49
55
4S
33
2S
4«

GBNTLE.WEN'S POCKET FARRIER.

lewing how lo use your Horse on ajoi.rney and what re-
les are proper lor common accidents that may happen on
•oail. By F.TuFFNELL.Vcteiinary Surgeon. The rem-
s prescribed are simple and easily obtained. For sale al
N.L. Farmer Ofiice. Price 15 cents.

HOLLIS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind-Galls, Old strains. Stiff' joints

Swelled orCracked Heals, and for Horses that are strain- '
ed in the back sinews, WTung in the withers. &.c.;
also for Glandular swellings of the Throat.

The ingredients which compost this preparalion have been
carefully selected after many years experience, and are some
of the most successful remedies united, correctly proportioned
and happily adapted to afford relief in all the above mentioned
complaints ; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article is used, it will be preferred lo any other, as it is decid-
edly the best and certainly the most convenieni article in use.

N. B. Persons afflicted with Rheumatism. Sprains, Cramp.
Numliuess, Stiffness or Weak.iess in the Joints, will find this
Liniment a valuable and efiiracions remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

ICTThe Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o29

Hams, norlhern,

southern,
Pork, wholehogs
Poultry, . .
Butter, (tub) .
lump,

Eggs,

Potatoes,
Cider,

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

, , uusne

'"«"•■) ■ ■ ■ .... 1 barrel

pound

11

8

6

I©

14

ti

18

dozen

20

bushel

37

1

barrel

2 75

n

9
7

12
IT
20
25
30
3 00

BRIGHTON MARKET.-Mondav, Jan. 26 1833

Beporledfor the DailyAiiveniserand Palriot'.
Al market 492 beef cattle and 475 sheep.

■ Prices BeeJ Cattle. No particular variation in prices
for severa weeks for corresponding qualities. We noticed
four from "Ihe River," better than we have seen this season
which were taken for considerably more than our h " hernuo-'
lations; also severa pairs very fine, something over ;^we
quoie^pnme at 28s Cd and 30» 9d ; good at 25s 6^ a i7s / th^n

Sheep—We noticed lols taken at 3, 3 50, 4 50, 5 and 96
some of which were very fine. ^", ^ <iuu ao,

Sicme— None at market.

GREEN HOUSE GLAs's^

or superior thickness wnh ev^tyqmlhx of Window Glass
for sale by LORING & KUPFER, No. "lO Merchants Row
•'°"- -'' Zmis

BREMEN GEESE. ^

For sa.e, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese by

GEORGfi C.BARRETT.5^

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JANUARY 2S, 193S.

From Brainard's Poems
The project for colonizing in Africa ihe " free people of
color," was the subject of these lines.

"Miigna componere paivis."

All sights are fair to the recover'ii blind-
All sounils arc music to the deaf rcstor'd—
The lame, made whole, leaps like the sportive hind ;

And the sad bow'd down sinner, with his load
Ol shame and sorrow, when lie cuts the cord,
And drops the pack it bound, is free again
In the light yoke and burden of his Lord.
Tims, with the birthright of liis fellow man,
Sees, hears and feels at once the righted African.

'Tis somewhat like the burst from dealh to life;

From the grave's ccremcyils to the robes of Heaven ;
From sin's dominion, and from passion's strife,

To the pure freedom of a soul forgiven!

When all the bonds of death and hell are riven,
And mortals put on immortality;

When fear, and care, and grief away are driven,
And Mercy's hand has turned the golden key,
And Mercy's voice has said, " Rejoice-lhy soul is free.

MR. ADAMS' ORATION

■ —Upon the life and character of Gen. Lafayette,
is spt.ken of by those who heard it as one of the
first prodtictions of the day. For the able man-
ner m which he discharged the dtity assigned to
him Mr. Adams has received the tlianks of both
houses of Congress. The House of Representa-
tives ordered 50,000 copies to be printed at Us
own expense, for gratuitous distribution, and the
Senate 10,000 copies. These just compliments
to Mr. Adams must be liighly gratifying to him, as
well as to his old friends, who have in this instance
an opportunity of seeing that his talents and char-
acter still command the respect due to them, m
spile of .-.U the force of that party machinery and
political depravity which controls public sentiment
and drives such men from the high posts of honor
to which they are entitled.— iancaskr Journal.

I,EECH BITES.
Difficulties occasionally arise, in practice, in
consequence of an unexpected and profuse hemor-
rhage after the leech lets go its hold. There have
been several instances, in the United States, ot the
(hath of infants from this cause. It becomes im-
portant, therefore, to keep in recollection the best
methods of treatment in such cases. Plaster-ot-
paris paste h.is lately been thought the most suc-
cessful ; but a writer in England, who appears to
have bail considerable experience, gives the lul-
lovving directions:

" Cut from rather fine linen as many pieces as
you may retjuire, of half an inch square each, and
place one over each bleeding orifice. When it is
perfectly wetted with the blood, it should he press
ed to the skin, and t.t the -same time a dossil of | cal nature
lint or other very absorbing substance, brought to
i, point, must be applied to the centre of the Imen.
The fresh blood being thus taken from the edges,
they are allowed to dry and become firm."— Bos-
ton Med. 8,- Sur. Journal.

Watch Oil. Mr. Samuel Smith, watch-maker,
af, this city, is already well known as a manufac-
turer of watch oil, and we have seen a bottle ot it
in a fluid state, while under exposure in the late
severe weather. Hence it is believed to be of a
superior quality fijr that use.— Brooklyn, L. I. pa-
jjer.

ITEMS.
It was said, with truth, by Charles the Twelfth
of Sweden, that he who was ignorant ot the arith-
metical art was but half a man. With how much
-reater force may a similar expression he applied
to him who carries to bis grave the neglected an,
unprofitable seeds of faculties, which it depended
on himself, to have reared to maturity, and ol
whicl^'the fruits bring accession to human hap;)!-
„ess-more precious than all the gratifit^atioiis
which power or wealth can cowmamX.—Dugald
Stewart.

We have the following account of a genuine
patriot from a foreign paper : —

General Laurent was a baker at Languedoc—
he took up arms during the French revolution,
and rose by his bravery to the rank of general :
but when he found Bonaparte had destroyed the
republic, he burnt his uniform and took to his
trade again, in which he continued to his death.

Fame. What a difference too between the as-
piration after immortality and the pursuit of cele:
brity' The noise of distant and future fame is
like the sound of the far oii'sea, and the mingled
roll of its multitudinous waves which as it swells
on the ear elevates the soul with a sublime emo-
tion ; but present and loud applause flung contin-
ually in one's face, is like the noisy dash of the
surf upon the rock,— and it requires the firmness
of the rock to bear il.— Mrs. Jameson.

Keep Cool. A man of sensibility is always either
in the attic of ecstacies, or the cellar of sorrow ;
either jumping with joy, or groaning with grief.
But pleasure antl pain are like a cucumber— the
extremes are good for nothing.

A gentleman attempting to carve a fowl, finding^
consiilerable difliculty in separating its joints, ex.
claimed against the cheat \vho sold him an old hen
for a chicken. " My dear," said his wife, " don't

talk so about the aged and respectable 3Ir. B ,

he planted the first bill of corn that was planted in

Q " a I know it," said the husband, "and I

should think that this hen scratched it up."

Incendianj Rat. While the owner of a soap
factory in the city of New York on Monday night
was washing his hands, he observed a lighted can-
dle placed by one of the workmen, carried ofl" by
a rat, who dived into a hole. On darkening the
prem'ises the light was discovered through the
crevice of a board, and on' raising the floor the
candle was found burning near some shavings, and
in a few minutes more the whole building would
have been on fire. Great caution should be used
not to leave candles lighted where rats can carry

them olf.

Squintiji^-Simple Remedy. I have not deemed
it necessary to notice squinting among diseases of
the eye, the cure of it being of a purely mechani-
cal nature. The contrivance of this kind with
which 1 am acquainted, consists of spectacle
frames fitted with convex horn, having a small
aperture only large enough to admit light to the
centre of the pupil, by which means the squiuter,
if he wishes to see at all, is obliged to accustom
himself to look straight forward.

Sand. No manure is so good as sand to loosen
and soften a clay soil. A clay soil has more the
food of plants in it than any other soil, and wants
only to have its cohesion sufliciently broken to give
a free passage to the roots of vegetables. A layer
of two and a half inches thick will not be too
much for laud in tillage, if it be a stift' clay. The

benefit of sanding does not appear so much the
first year, as in a year or two afterwards, for the
oftener the land is tilled the more thoroughly is
the sand mixed with the clay. But sand, laid on
clay land, in grass, will produce great eflect.—
Hartford Times. ___^_^___^^=

' NEW ENGI-AND SEED STORE.

At the Agrknliural and Horiiadlural Wareliouse eonnected
wid the New-England Farmer the subscriber continues the
S edt.abbshment.and nowofifers to dealers, Gardeners, and
die public generally an unrivalled collection ol

GARDEN, GRASS, and FLOWER SEEDS,
comi-iising unusual fine varieties and of undoubted quality and
vUalh^-^being raised under the particular direetiou and ex-
uresslv for the establishment. „ , , , in .„ ir.n

^ GardniS!etds,n bo.-ies assorted for dealers from 10 to 100
dolfarseaoh.-Also in pounds, halves and quarters at very mod-

"'boITs^J Seeds containing a good assortment for private gar-

'"loO lo*l)rctice varieties of FLOWER SEEDS in 6 cent

'"'?j;^;r1eKM,^^i-t market prices at Wholesale and

^T^it and Ornamental TREES, Grape Vines, Plants and
Rnnls suDplied at one day's notice.

''Su:t;u''l]lished aCataJgue of 80 P^|- -^' ^AtkETr
gratis to customers. t.l'<J- ^- aa.tli^tu

Jan.!;l.

A GARDENER. _

An experienced Gardener well acquainted with the duties of
hist,srssTn"all its departments wishes a sduation^ C^ pro-l
duce good recommendations. Address J. B. at this otHce.

Jan. 21. . ,

COW AND CAIiP.

For Sale an excellent Cow and Calf.— Price ,
o G. C. BARRETT.

)0. Apply
Jan. 21.

SILKS AT REDUCED PRICES.

Eliab Stone Brewer intending to make a new arrange-
ment in his business will sell hisstock of Silk Goods at very
reduced prices, viz :

"0 tipccs BIk. Gros de Naples (slightly spotted) at 25 cts. per
ya;d--i5 do. perfect, 2s. do -25 do. Superior batins Levau-
Jines 3s6. do.-lO do. do. 3s.-5 do. Ktch Striped do 3si).-
40 di. Rich and Superior Cordl^oult deSo,es,3s.--30 do do.
(snoued «" 6 -1£> do. Heavy Blk. Siiichaws Irom 2s.fa to 3s.6.
ij^do di'Sa snets, from 2s. ra,3s.6.-100 Dress Patterns Fig.
BHck Canto. Crapes at f.s. per pattern-50 do do. to match,
7s G--50 do o. Brown, 7s.6-.W pieces Black Canton Crapes
a Is per yar.l-20 do Heavy Blk Turk Satins (4-4 m widlh)
6 5 do do Italian Lustrii.gs'ss.-lO do. Common do. 3s -1»
do Fi°'d an 1 Plaid Sarsnets, 2s.6-20 do. Grecian Shallys of
.uperio'r labrick and figures 3s.y-a few pieces Foulards at os.

Also, Blk. Brown, Green, Lt. Blue, Piuk and yellow Satins.
No. 414 Washington-street, Dec. 27th, 1834. ^

NEW MrORK.

Jdst received from the Publisher a new work,entitlcd Cal-
CAKEous Manures, treating upon the different capacities of
oil; ?or improvement &e. by E. Ruffin Esq^ EdiU,r of the
i?,,„orV Kcwkier GEO. C. BAKKt. 11,,

Farmer s Ket,ister. New-England Farmer Office.

THE NEW^ ENGLAND PARMER

Is published everv Wednesday Evening, at OT pcr aunur
pavable at the einl ol the year-but those «><> P^J' «■
sTxiy daysfrom the tinie of sibscribhig.areent.tledto a dedtt

lion of fifty cents.

Qj= No paper will be sentto a distance without payffli*
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
New York-G. C. Thoreubn,67 Liberty-street.
Albami-VJ«. THORBeuN, 347 M^ke'-^'/ee ■
Philadelphia-D. &. C. LANDRETn,85 Ches.ut- treet
n ;i.„^,« T T H.TrHcocK, Pub isher ol American 1 armi
S", ^S C rARK^HURST, 23 Lower Market-street.
/•;Sl^, N. F._Wm. PRINCE & Sons, Prop Lin. Bot. &
Middkburv, l'(.— Wight Chapbian, Merchant,
//arf/orrf— Goodwin & Co. Booksellers.
ATeiXnypori-EBENEZER Stedman Book.scller.
Portsmollh. N. //.-J. W. Foster, Bookseller.

Avnista, il/e.— Willard Snell, Druggist.

Woodstock, Vt.—i. A. Pratt.

Ran^r, it;?.— Wm. Mann, Druggist. r.. „„.

Haiifai, A. S.-P.J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Kecor

St. Louis— Gy.o. Holton.

Printed for Geo. C. Barrett by Ford & Damre

EW ENairAMD FAMMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED UY GF.ORGE C. BARRET P, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

rOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 4, 1835.

NO. 30.

^t.^'W^i^AiL sss^^^iai^a

[Fortlie New Kngland Farmer.]

A PjVRAsite of the hokey bee.

Thomas G. Fessende.v, Esq.: — The late Gen.
Martin Field, of Fayetteville, Vermont, wlio was
iistiiiatuisliej for his enlarged and liberal mind,
ind (lis love of science, sent to Professor Sillinian
he inelosi'd important coramifuication, which was
aublishcd in the American Journal of Science
ind Arts, Vol. -xxv. No. 1, for October, 1833,
aages 113-14.

Tiie discovery announced in this coramunica-
ion is so interesting to the bee-keejier and the
laturalist that it deserves to be generally known ;
ind, as there are some points in it upon which
idditional infornialiun is required, you will do
ne a favor by giving to it, with the remarks here
idded, a place in both your Horticultural and
Agricultural Journals.

" For a few years past, many of those people in
his vicinity, who have apiaries, have found that
n the months of x\pril, May and June, an unusual
nortality has prevailed among their bees. This
;ircumstancc has led to a thorough investigation
)f the cause, by tliose who felt a particular int( r-
'st ui the products of this valuable insect; ajid
he result has proved, that t^is mortality lias beea
iroduced entifel^y a parasite.

" More than tnw years since, one of my neigh-
)ors suggested to me his conjectures that there
vas a parasitic fly that was injurious to the honey
(ee ; since which time we have fully ascertained
he fact, I have a bo.x, now before me, contain-
ng a great number of dead bees, in which may
)e found the parasites, in both the pupa and the
)erfect state. Usually the bees become sickly
ind unable to fly, when the parasites are in the
arva state ; but they sometimes live till the per-
fect insect emerges from the pupa. The larva is
ixed at the inosculations of the dorsal segments of
he abdomen of the bee, and is hardly discov-
Table by the eye unless the abdomen be dissected.
Phe larva is white, nearly two lines in length, and
rery much resembles a small worm or maggot,
riie pupa is nearly the size of the larva, and of a
eddish brown color. The perfect insect is a non-
iescri|)t, and bears very little resemblance to the
?tylops or Xcnos, or any other insect that has
)een found to be a parasite of the bee or wasp.
It is of the order Diptera of Linnteus, is little
arger than the Hessian fly, but, in color and form
s very unlike that insect.

"Mr Kirby, many years since, discovered that
he insect, Stylops, was a parasite in the black-
ironzfc bee, Andrena nigro-'jenea, in England, and
'rofessor Peck afterwards found tliat the Xenos.
fvas a parasite in wasps, in America ; but I am
lot aware that a parasite of the honey bee has
ner been discovered till of late, and in this
iicinity.

" In conclusion, I would most sincerely request
hose who have apiaries, to examine their hives
luring the spring and summer months, and if this

parasite be discovered, to investigate the history
of the insect, and, if possible, to find a remedy
for the injury it may produce. Martin Field.
" Fayetteville, Vt., May 15, 1833."

REMARKS.

The discovery of an intestine enemy in the bee,
hitherto unknown and unsuspected, and its exis-
tence to such an extent as to cause an unusual
mortality among these useful and industrious in-
sects during their busiest season, were facts which
on their first publication strongly excited my cu-
riosity ; while the very brief description, which
was given of the parasitic insect in its perfect or
winged state, was not sufiicient to enable me to
make out the genus, or the rank which it held in
a systematic arrangement. In answer to my in-
quiries on this subject and request for specimens,
Mr R. M. Field, tJie son of the above named gen-
tleman, informed me that his father had sent the
parasitic insects, twenty or thirty in number, to a
lady, jn order to have drawings made from them,
and that all of them were lost through careless-
ness. This accident may account for the very
imperfect description of the fly wliich was drawn
up by Gen. Field. During the last summer Mr
Field obligingly sent to me some insects, which
were given to him, by a person who, from some
circumstances, was led to suppose that the}' were
instrumental in producing the mortality among
the bees. They proved, however, to be a kind of
wild bee, (andrana fnigalis,) at least half as large
as the honey bee itscli', and were furnished with
four wings, in all which respects.they differ essen-
tially from the parasitic flies as described by Gen.
Field.

In order to avoid any mistake in searching
into the history of the little parasitic enemies of
the honey bee, it will be well to keep in mind
the following facts derived from the information
given by Gen. Field.

These insects infest the bees during the months
of April, May and June, and they are found in
three different forms.

At first they are maggots, of a white color,
nearly one fifth of an inch long, and live between
the joints of the backs of the bees.

Second. After a time they cease eating, their
bodies shorten, and their skins become of a
brownish color. They are now entirely quiet,
and are in, what may be called, a state of transition
(pitpa) intermediate between maggots and flics.

Third. At length the insects burst the brown-
ish skins which cover them, and come forth in
the form of little two-ioinged flies, rather larger
than the Hessian fly, probably, about the size of
a musquito. They are then like all other winged
insects in a state of maturity, and, consequently,
in a condition to lay their eggs.

To complete the history of these little parasites,
information is wanted upon a number of points,
which, it is hoped, will receive the attention of
persons who have the leisure and opportunity to
make to the necessary investigations.

If, during the proper season, a considerable

number of sick, dying and dead bees are procur-
ed and confined under tumblers, (those of them
which are still alive being daily fed with a drop
or two of sugar syrup or honey,) the little para-
sitic insects, with which they are infested, may bi'
observed during their changes of forjii, and will
probably, in due time, be found flying about be-
neath the tumblers.

Bee-kecjjers, and especially those who reside in
that part of the country where these ihsects have
been discovered, are most earnestlj- requested to
endeavor to ascertain, 1st. When, liow, and w here
do the flies lay their eggs ; 2d. How long do their
young remain in the maggot state ; 3d. ilovt
long are they in what is called the pupa state, or
state of transition. When, in addition to these
facts the means are furnished for drawing up a
full, correct, scientific description of the insects
in their last or winged state, their history will be
nearly completed, and the way to successful ex-
periment against their insidious attacks will be
fairly opened.

The writer of these remarks at one time thought
of offering a reward to any person who would
apprehend a gang of these marauders, lodge them
ifiicc of the New England Farmer, in Bos-
furnish such evidence of their identity
ulJ ( liable him to try them by the laws of
science, and jirououuce judgment upon them in
their true characters. But, as he is not more
interested in the subject than many other per-
sons, he feels that he has discharged his duty
in respectfully and urgently recommending the
measure, and oftering, whenever they are wanted
for the purpose above named, the services of
.T. W. HARRIS.

Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 9, 1835.

^^^aS'^swjLis'w^^a

[For tile New England Farmer.]
MASSACHUSETTS AGRICUIiTTjRAL. SOCIETY.

At a meeting of the board of Trustees of the
Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture,
held 13th December, 1834,

Voted, That the thanks of the board be pre-
sented to Messrs Livermore & Kendall for the
ready and liberal permission given to tlie com-
mittee to award premiums on butter and cheese,
to occupy the Rotunda, for the examination, ex-
hibition and sale of the articles oflered on the
second, third, and fourth days of the present
month, and that a copy be sent by the Secretary
to those gentlemen.

A Copy of the Record.

BENJAMIN GUILD,

Sec. of M. S. for P. A.

NEW VARIETY OF TURNIP.

At a meeting of the board of Trustees of the
Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture,
held on Saturday, 10th of January, 1835,

A letter was rend from Martin Brimmer, Esq.

234

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEBRrAHY 4, 1835.

arronipanyiDf; a pacUasc of turnip scctl, with a
pamplili't, wliicli lie brought with him I'roni Scot-
land. It was thrrenpou

Voted, Tliut thetlianks of'tliis Board be present-
to Jlr Brimmcir for his ycrj' accciitable gill of the
Hybridal turnip seed, and the Trustees also ex-
press the hope tliat tiie example of j\!r I'riuinier
may induce other gentlemen when absent to bring
buck with them new varieties of seeds and fruits
and thereby essentially promote the Agricultural
interests of the country.

A Copy of the Record,

"benjamin guild, Rec'g Sec'ij.

The thanks of the board were also given to
Jacob Porter, Esq. M. D. of Plainfield, for his
present of several valuable pamphlets, translations
and reports.

Boston, January 7, ISsri.
Sir — I have the honor to send you herewith
half a pound of seed of a new variety of Turnip,
which I recently procured in Scotland, called
" Dale's Hybrid Turnip," It is the cross of the
White Globe and the Swedish Turnip, and is
found to combine the good qualities of both. The
rapid growth and great size of the former with
the nutritive matter and hardiness of tlie latter.
I have to remark that this variety has found favor
in Scotland, and in the anticipation that it may
ju-ove valual)Ie in this country, I place at your
disposal the accompanying sample ; I also enclose
some remarks taken from the " Quarterly Journal
of Agriculture" in which the subject is treated
more at large and to which I beg to refer.

I have the honor to be, Sir, A

f

Your obedient servant.

M. BRIMME

Hon. Thomas L. Wintiirop,

Pres. of the Masc?. Society for Promoliiig Agriculture.

On a Hyhndiil Varklxj of the Turnip. — By Charles
Lawson, Seedsman, Edinburgh.
Since the period when Linnaeus clearly demon-
strated the functions of the anthers and stigmas,
numerous additional evidences have been adduc-
ed in support of the doctrine of the sexes of
plants. The question has long been set at rest,
and it woulil be now, in botany, a heresy of the
lirst order to throw doubts on the theory of im-
liregnation. In fact, that process is ]>erformed by
tlic contact of the sexual secretion of the male
plant, or of the male organs of the hermaplirodite
I>lant, with the female organs. Upon this hint,
botanists have not only observed many of the
i-tirious contrivances to which nature has had re-
c-ourse in remlering sure the progress of impreg-
nation, but have l:;t loose their imagination, and
iiiveuteil othei-s for her. It is well known, that
in the animal kingdom, a male and a female of
two different species belonging to the same genus,
may occasionally, by the (bice of circumstances,
break through tln^ antipathy in which they hold
each other, and t!iat a progeny iiarticii)ating of
the forms of both parents may result. It miglit
be imagined that in plants such interiiiivtnres
sliould be of more couniion occurrence. The pol-
len, wafted by the winds, or conveyed by bi^es and
Hies, may be applied to the stigntas of other spe-
(Mcs as readily as to those of its own. Yet, wheth-
er it be that the germeus an; impregnateil by the
pollen of their own flower, before any other pollen
reaches them, as is inidoubtediy the ease in most
plants, or tliut there is an organic inaptitude be-

tween the pollen and the stigmas of difterent spe-
cies, it so happens, that, in a field where there
exist multitudes of flowers of numerous species,
many closely allied to each other, one cannot, on
searcliiiig, find a single hybrid. Nevertheless,
that hybrids have occasionally been produced, we
have abundant evidence. Kolrcnter, for exam-
ple, crossed the Nicotiana rustica and Nicotiana
paniculata.* The genera Brassica, Geranium,
Ranunculus, Saxifraga, and others, are supposed
by some, from a few original species to have pro-
duced their present multiplicity of forms. To the
numerous variety of Melons, Strawberries, and
other cultivated plants, a like origin has been
attributed. In the animal kingdom, hybrids pro-
duced in the wild state are extremely rare, and
when ])rodueed in the domestic .state, do not con-
tinue in their mixed form. Hybrids of wild
plants are also, as has been stated above, compar-
atively rare ; and, as we see the same forms re-
appear season after season, we must suppose that
if they exist, they are only of ephemeral duration.
The case, however, is different in cultivated vege-
tables, of the crossing of two of which an instance
is here related. The crossing here is between the
Common Turnip, Brassica rapa, and the Swed-
ish Turnip, which some suppose a distinct spe-
cies, and others merely a variety of the former.

Though there is a considerable number of va-
rieties of the turnip in cultivation, which are
more or less held in esteem according to their
supposed qualities, the nature of the soil in which
they are to be grown, and other circumstance.s,
those in most general use are the White Globe,
the Red-Top Yellow Bullock, the Green-Top
Yellow Bullock, and the Swedish. The White
Globe grows to the largest size, arrives soonest at
maturity, and decays earliest in the season ; the
Yellows are intermediate between the Globe and
the Swedish in their properties ; and the Swedish
is smallest in size, is latest in arriving at maturity,
and often does not decay, till, in the advanced
state of the following spring, the plant loses its
nutritive properties by pushing out a flower-stem ;
hence the Swedish is well adapted and chiefly
employed for spring feeding. The Swedish Tur-
nip possesses the greatest nutritive powers, and
the largest of this variety yields more nourish-
ment in proportion than the middle-sized ones ;
while the Globe, which attains the greatest bulk
contains the least nutritive matter, and the larger
kinds less proportionally than the middling-sized
ones of the same variety.

New varieties or hybrids of turnips arc ob-
tained by cross impregnation. Thus, when two
varieties are planted alternately or ])roinlscu-
onsly in a plot of groimd, when they come into
flower the pollen is wafied by the wind in-
discriminately over the whole, or carried fiom
one i)lant to another by insects, when they are in
quest of the sweets of the nectarj', and applied to

* Within these few months, difTorcnt species of
Calceolaria have been snccessfully crossed at the gar-
don of Lord President Hope at Granton, as described
by Professor Graham in the Edinburgh Philosophical
Journal for July, 1830. All the fine new Pears, Apples
and other fruits, of Mr Knight in England, and those
of the Earl of Dunmore in Scotland, which arc nowise
behind Ihcni, have been produced by dusting the stig-
ma of one kind of blossom (previously deprived of its
stamens) with the pollen from another.

the stigmata. But though the means of Yu-oduc-
ing new varieties are simple and easily accom-
plished, little imiirovcment in this resi)ect has
been made in the varieties now generally used in
field culture.

In all cases of turnip seeds' going through my
hands in the course of a Reason, I keep specimens
which are sown at the proper period in drills in
my nursery. This is done for the iiuriiose of exam-
ining the progress of the plants and the develope-
ment of their roots during the season ; it also en-
ables me to ascertain the correctness of the difler-
ent stocks of seeds, and to judge of the superiori-
ty of one variety over another. Two years ago,
my attention was particularly attracted to the pro-
duce of the samjile of a fiydrid or doubly-im-
pregnated sort, the seed of which I received from
Mr Robert Dale, a very intelligent farmer at Lib-
berton West Mains, near Ediidnirgh. It attract-
ed my attention, first, on account of its early
growth and maturation ; secondly, its fine shape,
as will be seen on inspection ; thirdly, by the
great size to which it attained, in comparison with
any sort under similar treatment ; and lastly, by
its standing the winter equally well with any other
turnip excc])t the Swedish.

And conceiving that the great desidenitnm in
the selection of a proper variety of the turnip, is
to obtain the greatest possible weight on a given
space and at a given expense of manure, this va-
riety seems to be more adapted to this end than
any other sort hitherto introduced.

The manner in which it was obtained by Mr
Dale, was the following : In the year 1S22 or 1823,
he got a few ounces of seed of a new hybrid tur-
u'rji from James Shii'eff, Esq. of Bastleridge in
Berwickshire. This, Mr Dale sowed, and ho
found the produce to resemble the Sw'edish in
shape, but it had too few of the superior proper-
ties of that variety. He, therefore, picked out
such as had most of the yellow appearance, and
jilanted them along with some of the best Swedish
which he could find. This he continued doing
for four successive years ; and, since that period,
he has selected the best roots of the doubly im-
pregnated kind which he could find for raising
seed, till they have attained the quality which they
now possess.

The manner in which this variety has been ob-
tained, I .-mi aware, is not according to the nice
rules which horticulturists would have recom-
mended to be adopted, because, as the hybrids ■
were always planted along with the Swedish for
producing seed, and the .seed collected proiniscu-
ousl)', that part of the seed which was produced i
from the Swedish would be much more nearly
allied to that variety than the seed of the hybrid.s.
But in tills, as in many other instances of imjirov-
iiig plants, the point is often attained more from
accidental causes than from the adoption of the
rules laid down by .scientific cultivators. And,
idthough all the hybriils may not stand in the
same relation to the jirimitive root, the circum-
stance of the raising the see<l being now jicrform-
ed solely by the hybrids themselves, without the
assistance as formerly, of the Swedish, will al
ways have the tendency to assist in modifying and
correcting any irregularity that may exist. In-
deed, judging from the appearance of the present
stock, there is nothing which indicates any impor-
tant consequences to this irregularity in the man-
ner of obtaining the hybrids.

To sho^v in what respect this hybrid is superior

A'oiu. 7:111. Ko. no.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

to, or diftlrs from, tlie turnips at ])re.seiit in culti-
vation, I sluill give a list of the kinds sown fur
(lifltrent ]niriioses, with a conjparison of thoir
properties with that of the hybrid in question.
Tlie turnips in general cultivation are the follow-
ing:

FOR EARLY USE,

VVliitc niobo, -| The hybrid is equal in

Wluto Innkard, (size to any of these, is

onicranian Globe, fcloser in the texture, and

llungunan Globe, J is as early.

TO SecCEED THE ABOVE,

Ued Norfolk,

2-3;

Kreen Norfolk,
IVhite .Norfolk,
'Jreen Globe,
ied Tankard,
ifellovv Globe,
3ullock's Heart,

The hybrid is superior
■in size, in texture, and in
shape, to all of these.

STILL TO FOLLOW THESE,

'urple-top Yellow Bullock 1 . ^'"^''y'LTid is superior in
ireen-top ditto, ' I size, and, in so far as it

^ankard Yellow, f '''^^ '""'^" *r''^<^. 't stands

J the winter as well.

FOR LATE USE.

^irple-top Swedish,
rreen-top Swedish,

1 The hybrid is superior
(in size, but shoots to flow-
I er earlier in spring, and is
J not so hardy.

Tins hybrid, or doubly-impregnated turnip,
iierefore, api)cars to possess properties iu gene-
il, superior to those varieties which have been
numerated above. It is equal to, or surpasses
le yellew, aud the other sorts above it, and is
nly excelled by the Swedish, in the latter being
lore hardy and later in sjiring in running to a
ower-stein. It is now generally known Ijy the
ainc of Dale's Turnip, or Dale's Hybrid.

The facts which I have stated w"ill, I trust, be
■nsidered in this respect interesting, that they
low an easy method by which intellligent agri-
ilturists may increase or improve the varieties
' the plants which they cultivate.

(From th= Old Colony Meraorinl.]

DISSERTATION ON THE COURSE OP TILL.iGE

ost suitable for Soils in Plymouth County, and the
Rotation of Crops, most Conducive to the Interest of
the Inhabitants, By .\nthonv Collamore. Read
before tlie Plymouth County Agricultural Societv, at
their annual meeting at Bridgewater, Oct. 15, 1634.

[Continued from page 9-25. J
Wliere the farmer wishes to keep his land
:iger under cultivation, the followhig course has
en recommended:

1st year. After breaking up the sward, oats
wn thick to be cut for fo<!der.
2d. Potatoes, Indian corq, or both.
3d. Ruta Baga, (or French turnips.)
4th. Bariey or wheat, sown with clover or
rdsgrass or red top.
5th. Clover mowed.
6th. Herdsgrass and clover.
Tiie seventh year the laud to be broken up and
' same rotation recommenced.
The course of crops recommended for the
•ond division will be proper iu manv cases for
! third ; which cou.sists of the light "aud sandy
IS, being generally of a loose texture, will no"t
)duee usually more than one or two crops of
ss, without expensive dressing with compost,
ey should be subjected to a course of alternate
age and mowing or pasturage. These soils
iig easy of cidtivation, have been very much
'^'ed and exhausted by tillage, without return-
anything to the soil, or even throwing on any

grass seed. It being frequently the case for
farmers to raise successive crops of corn and rye
and then leave the land to recruit by neglect the
fertile jrarts of the soil having no vegetation to
hold them together, are dried by the sun, pulver-
ized by the frost, and dissipated by the wiiids.
It were folly to call land managed" in this way
real estate, when it can be lilown fi-om one town
into another. It is a maxim with the Flemings,
of which they are very scrupulous, that no field
shall lay more than ten days without a crop. Let
this rule be attended to by keeping such lands
well seeded with plants of some kind, and a
nianifest improvement will soon be observed.

On these soils may be introduced w hat is term-
ed the clover system in Great Britain, which in
connexion with rotation of crops in alternate hus-
bandry, has been the means of converting some of
the poorest districts into the most productive and
wealthy. While clover enters largely into all
courses of crops on all soils, its benefits in this
country are but partially appreciated, either for
the food it affords to the stock, or the advantage
it gives to a future crop by fertilizing the soil.
This system, it is stated, is coming into operation
on the sandy soils of New York, with equal if
not greater advantage.

Much of the sandy land of this country may be
sown on the sward in the month of August, with
rye and clover, which will yield a crop of rye the
first year, the next a crop of clover, when it
is again ploughed up and the same course re-
|)eated. This is called sowing on a clover lay.
Clover has also been sown with r3e in Sej.tember
on light soils, and after the rye is harvested the
next year, the clover is ploughed iu with the stub-
ble, and rye and clover sowed again, and this
course repeated ; one farmer having followed this
course three years in succession, and raising good
crops of rye, the clover aflfbrding a rich manure
for the grain, and more than compensating for the
expense of the seed. ' This last course, it is
thought, would be preferable to the one recom-
mended by a distinguished writer, who advised the
farmers in a public address, to raise rye on their
thin land as long as it will continue to grow. The
practice of exhausting laud by repeated grain crops
without returning anything to the land as manure
for the nourishment of plants, is justly reprobated
and ought to be abandoned. It is inconsistent with
good husbandry, which ought to keep land in a
constantly improving state, by judicious rotation of
croj« and the application of manure.

On these soils may also be introduced the course
of crops recommended by Mr Buel of Albany, for
sand loams ; with the exception periiaps in "some
soils of substituting rye for wheat in the second
year : which may in the first course be hoed in
among the corn at the last hosing as usuallv prac-
ti.'ied in this country.

1st course— 1st year. Indian corn, manured
with thirty loads of long manure, and cut and
shocked or stocked, as soon as the kernel is glazed ;
the land then ploughed and sown with wheat, and
harrowed,_2d, wheat, (or rye) and after harvest
p.oughed, harrowed, and manured with ten loads
ot manure and sown with turnips — 3d, bariey ami
clover seed sown. — 4th, clover.

2d course— 1st, Indian corn— 2d, wheat and
clover seed — 3d, clover and after mowino-, ten
oads of m.anure spread, and the land ploughed and
harrowed, and ruta baga sown.— 4th, bari«y.— 5tli
clover. '

[To be cominncd.J

Bf.es. — Francis Kelsey, of Niagara county,
New York, is now exhibiting at No. 3, Marble
Buildings, Chatliain Square, New York, a num-
ber of swarms of bees iu glass cases, and hives,
by which the habits of bees are very finely ilhis-
tintcd. Mr K. causes his bees to deposit their
honey in inverted tumblers, decanters and square
glass boxes with tin frames, so that their opera-
tions can at any time be seen. The exhibition U
well worth twentyfive cents, aud the exidanation
of Mr K. of still higher value.— iong- Island Star.

Durable Whitewasu. — I am enabled ta
certify the efficacy of marine salt in fixing white-
wash made of lime. In the year 1795 when 1
was director of the naval artillery at the port of
Toulon, I was commissioned to ascertain the util-
ity of a method i)roposed by the master painter of
that port, M. Maquilan, for wliitewashing the
ships between deck, and likewise their holds," iu a
<iurable manner, by means of lime. Our report
was in favor of this process, which consists in ■
saturating water in which the lime is slacked with
muriate of soda, (common salt.) The whitewash
produced by it is very permanent, does not crac!;,
uor come oft' upon one's hands or clothes. The'
experiment was made only on wood. It appears
from M. St Bernarde's account, that it succeede<l
equally well on' walls. -Innales des Arts et Man-
ufactures.

Cure for weak Eyes. — Take a lump of
wliite copperas, say about the size of a pea ; put
it in a small phial, holding about two ounces of
water; carry this in the pocket, and occasionally
taking out the cork, turn the vial on the finger's
end,' and tliu§ bathe the eyes. This will positively
effect a real cure in a short time.

The preceding paragraph, from the New En<;--
land Farmer, we find republished in the Portland
Courier, with the following comment :

The above receipt may be a good one ; we
have never tried it, but have been afflicted with
weak eyes for a long while, and have found great
relief by using a wash formed from a weak solu-
tion of sulphate of zinc, we presume the effect is
similar.

That the " effect " should be " similar" is no
matter of marvel — white copperas andsidphate of
zinc being one and the same thing. — Sost. Tran-
script.

BoTs I.N Horses. — Symptoyiis. — Stamping
forcibly on the ground with either of his fore feet,
and frequently striking at his belly with his hind
ones. Belly projected and hard — shows symp
toms of uneasiness, such as groaning, looking
back towards his sides, lying down, &c.

Cure. — Take of bees' wax, mutton tallow, and
sugar, each eigJit ounces, put into one quart of
new milk, and warm it until all is melted. Then
put it into a bottle, and give it just before the wa.x
&c. begins to" harden. About two hours after
give pliysic. The bots will be discharged in
large numbers, each piece of wax having some of
them sticking to it.

Another cure Take a table spoonful of un-

slacked lime, and let it be given with the feed of
the horse at night and morning, regulariy, for four

or five days, and it will expel" the" bots Yankee

Farmer.

Turn not your backs upon others especially in
speaking ; jog not the table or desk on which
another reads or writes ; lean not on any one.

236

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

FEBRUARY 4, 1S35.

PAWTUXET, H. I. CATTLE SHOW.

CM\e Show, Exhibition of Manufactures, Ploughing
Match, and Public Sale of Animab and Manufac-
tures, at Pawtuxet, R. I. on Wednesda}-, Sept. 30,
1835.

The Standing Committee of the Rhode-Island
Society for the Encoiiraf?ement of Domestic In-
dustry offer the following Premiums :

FOR STOCK.*

For the best Bull, to be kept in the State one
year after the fair, not to exceed three years
l)f age ^^°

For the next best, same conditions 6

For the best Bull Calf 5

For the next best ^

For the next best
For the next best

For the best cows, kept in the country, not less
than three in nund)er, which shall have yield-
ed the greatest quantity of milk in any thirty
days previous to the 25th of September — a
certificate thereof, duly sworn to, will be re-
iiuired. and the cows must be exhibited at
tlie lair
I'or the best cows, not exceeding two in num-
ber, same conditions °
For the best cow, same conditions 5
I'or the best two years old heifer, having had a

calf, same conditions 6

For the next best do. do. do. 4

For the best heifer yearling 4

For the next best

For tlic best pair of working cattle, to have
l,ecn owned in this State at least three months,
not exceeding six years old C

I^or the next best 4

For the next best 2

I'or the best pair three years old steers C

For tlie ue.xt best

For the next best ^

For the best pair two years old steers 5

For the next best 4

o

I'or the next best

I'or the best South Down Sheep, if in tlie opin-
ion of tlie Committee it is worthy of a pre-
mium, the same to be kept in this State at
least one year succeeding the fair 15

F'or the best Boar, to be kept in this State until

the 1st of April, 1830 ^

\ext best do. do. do. '1

Next best do. do. do.

For the best Pigs, not less than two in numV>er,
and not less than four nor more than eight
months old, to have been raised in the Slate 4
For tlic next best

For the best Stud Horse, not less than three
years old, owned in this State and having
been wholly kept for m.ircs in the State the
season previous, and to be kept for mares the
year succeeding the fair ""

I'or the best brood mare, owned in this State,
and colt by a horse that may be deemed of
the best blood ^

For the next best, same condition ('

FOR GRAIN, VEGETABLE CROPS, AND AGRICDLTUR-
AL EXPERIJIENTS.

To the person who shall raise the greatest quan-
tity of Indian Coin on not less than four
acres in one piece of ground, and not less
tlia'n eighty bushels to the acre $15

To the person who shall raise the greatest
quantity of corn on not less tlian one acre
of land, and not less than one hundred
bushels 10

To the person who shall raise the next greatest
quantity, and not less than eighty bushels on
one acre "

To the person who shall raise the greatest
quantity of Rye on two acres, not less than
thirty bushels per acre 5

Next greatest quantity of rye on two acres 3

To the person who shall raise the greatest quan-
tity of Wheat on two acres of land 5
To the person who sh.all raise the greatest quan-
tity of Onions in proportion to the land cul-
tivated ^
Next greatest quantity •>
To the person who shall raise the greatest quan-
tity of Potatoes, not less than three hundred
and fifty bushels on an acre of land 10
To' the person who shall raise the next greatest

quantity, not less than three hundred bushels 6
To the person who shall raise or introduce into
the State, Potatoes of a quality superior to
any heretofore raised or introduced 10

To the person who shall raise the greatest quan-
tity of Beets on not less than a quarter of an
acre of ground 3

To the person who shall raise the greatest quan-
tity of Carrots on not less th.an one acre 8
To tiig person who shall raise the greatest quan-
tity of Parsnips on not less than a quarter of
an acre "^
To the 'person who shall introduce any Grass
not before cultivated in this State, and prove
by actual experiment, tested by satisfactory
evidence, its superiority to any other grass
now cultivated 10
To the person who shall by actual experiment
jirove the best season and mode of laying
down land to grass, whether Spring, Summer
or Fall seeding be preferable, and whether
with or w ithout grain on different soils 8
To the person who shall take up in the season
on his own farm the greatest quantity of good
Honey, and shall at the same time exhibit
superior skill in the management of Bees 5
For the best barrel of Cider made in 1834 6

4th. The quantity of seed used, and if pota-
toes, the sort.

5tli. The time and manner of sowing, wecd-
iiHT, and harvesting the crop, and the amount of
the product, ascertained by actual measurement,
after the whole produce for which a premium is
claimed, is harvested, and the entire expense of
cultivation.

The statement of crops must also be accom-
panied by a certificate taken under oath of two
respectable persons who assisted in measuring i
them, as well as a certificate of a surveyor of the
measurement of the land, together with a plat of
the same.

FOR SHOP MANUFACTURES.

For the best side of Sole Leather, with a wrh-
ten statement duly certified of the mode and
and time of tanning i "i

4
4
2
1

* No slock from distilleries or breweries will be enti-
tled 10 any premium. No animal on which a premium
has heretofore been awarded shall be entitled to a second
premium, except it be for an entirety disliuct premium,
and for qualilics different from those for wliicli the
former premium W8a awarded.

Should the Society retain the barrel for which
the premium is awarded, they will pay in addi-
tion to the premium, four dollars.

Persons claiming a premium, must state in
writing the process of making and managing
their cider, and the kind of apples used.

Competitors for the above premiums must fur-
nish the Secretary, on or before tlie 1st of Dccem-
lier, 183,5, with written statements, certified by
disinterested and respectable jwrsons, as to the
following particulars ;

1st. The state and quality of the laud in the
spring of 1835.

2(i. The product and general state of cultiva-
tion, and the quantity of manure employed on it
in the year preceding.

8d. The quantity of manure used the present
1 season.

For the best Belt Leather
For the best white oak Hogshead
For the best white oak Barrel
For the best woollen Hat

Three dollars also for each of the follo%ving
implements :
Best cast iron Plough, Best Ox Harrow,
" Corn Sheller, " Vegetable Cutter,

" Straw Cutter, " Horse Harrow.

Three dollars also to each of the following,
not less than twelve in number :
Hoes, Axes, Scythes,

Cast Steel Shovels, Bakes.

Implements of husbandry and articles of .shof
manufacture of superior excellence, not particu-
larly enumerated, may receive premiums at th*
discretion of the exafl^ing committee.

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

For the best Cheese, all from the same dairy,

not less in quantity than one hundred pounds $i
For the next do. '

For the next do.

For ihe best Butter, not less than forty pounds li
Ne,\t best . ■

Next best '

Next best
Next best
Next best
Next best

HOUSEHOLD MANUFACTURES.

For the best piece of carpeting, 4-4 wide and
not less than fifteen yards $

Next best do.

Next best do.

For the best lot of woollen knit hose, at least
three pairs

For the best flax or hemp knit hose

For the best cotton do.

For the best worsted do.

For the best silk do.

For the best piece of woollen flannel, 7-8 wide,
thirty yards at least

Next do. , . , ■ c^

All to have been manufactured m this &ta
within the last two years, and a certificate there
required.

MULBERRY TREES AND RAW SILK.

To any person who may within the present sea-
son have raised on one piece of land the
largest number of thrifty mulberry trees, not
less than 1000, a certificate thereof bemg
required

VOL. XIII. NO. 30.

AND GARDEN p:R'S JOURNAL.

237

01' the next jrreatest quuiitity, not loss than
one thousand $4

fext flo. do. do. do. do. 3

f'or the iari,fest (iiiantity of raw silk 5

ifext do. do. do. (J\Ionis alba sinensis) 4

ifext do. do. do. 3

Jexl do. do. do. 2

^ext do. do. do. 1

'or the best s:iinj)le of sewing silk 5

fext do. 4

'or tlie best ptece of silk vesting, or of silk
and cotton vesting, made in this State, not
less than ten yards 5

'or the best silk dress pattern, made in this

State, not less than twelve yards 5

L preiiiiiiin of ten dollars for the best barrel of
starch made in this State, from wheat 10

PLOCGHIXG MATCH.

NO DRIVERS ALLOWED.

^irst Plough $9 ; Second do. $8 ; Third do. $7;

Fourth do. .f 6 ; Fifth do. $5 ; Sixth do. .$4 ;

Seventh do. $3 ; Eighth do. .¥2.

The depth to be ploughed will not be less than
ve inches, and the breadth of the furrow not
lore than ten inches.

The strictest regulations will bo adopted, to en-
ire the proper management of the cattle. They
ill not be permitted to be driven faster than their
Htural pace ; and these premiums will be ad-
idged for the best work w ith the least expense
f labor.

It must be understood, that iir all cases, whether
lere be any competition, or not, it is at the dis-
-etion of the Conmiittecs to withhold a premium,

in their o])iuion the object so offered, is not
3serving of it.

Any attempts to obtain premiums by unfair
ractices will bo punislied by a Ibrfeiture of the
'emiuni, should it havr bri u awarded before a
iscovery, and will also preclude the offender
om being permitted to apply for premiums in
iture. Premiums to be demanded within six
lOiiths after they are awarded.

JAMES RHODES, President.

William W. Hoppin, Secretary.

[From the Genesee Farmer.]
oar RAISING STOCK.

I have witnessed with much pleasure, the ben-

icial effects which have resulted from several

)rrespondents of the Genesee Farmer, submitting

the perusal of numerous readers an account

' their peculiar method of management. From

consideration of this circumstance, I am in-
iced to lay before you a plan I have adopted
r " Raising Calves," — a subject I have not hith-
toseen treated upon in your valuable journal.

It was formerly tny practice, (and I doubt not
so of many others engaged in breeding stock,)

let a calf run with a cow, or be fed with new
ilk, till it was three or four months old, by
hich time it frequently happened that the ex-
:nse of keeping was rendered equivalent to the
due of the animal.

Last year being in possession of nearly a dozen
markably fine calves of the "Improved Durham
reed," the rearing of which I desired to be as
)od and economical as possible, I was induced-
try a variety of food. "The following plan
•oved most successful :_To mix with a small
lantity of milk, a portion of boiled potatoes and
le bran. When the animals were three or four

mouths old I changed their diet to coarse bran,
boiled jiotatoes, and warm water ; and I think by
this method, I can now produce a nundjer of
calves equal in height of condition and synuuetry
of form, to any in this section of the coimtry.

The object of the present counnunication is, to
intite the attention of those interested in lireeding
stock, to a consideration of the best and cheapest
means of « Raising Calves," — a subject well
worthy the attention of Dainjmen. It is a remark
frequently made by this class of farmers, that they
cannot rear good calves Without making a sacri-
fice of their butter and cheese ; now I conceive
that they are the men most favorably situated for
becoming successful breeders of stock ; for, by
judiciously crossing their native cattle with ap-
]iroved specimens of Improved Durham, and be-
stowing a little attention on ^^Raising their Calces,"
they would procure animals much better adapted
for the dairy, and capable of conunanding far
higher prices than those they have hitherto pos-
sessed. S. LOOK.

Utica, Dec. 31, 1834.

A GOOD EXAMPLE.

We were the other day quietly jogiring along
in our wagon through one of the upper counties of
tlie State, when whom should we encounter but a
))erson of high standing in one of the learned pro-
fessions, and formerly a member of Congress, very
industriously employed in driving a large four ox
team heavily loaded with leached ashes. This
was a pleasant sight to our optics, inasmuch as it
was not only an exceedingly pleasant change from
the severer duties of his profession, but also a
profitable and rational employment; and above
all, it was setting a noble example to the younger
members of the community, if they would but
follow it. Such examples go far, very far, in do-
ing away the silly stupid notion, tliat there is
nothing but manual drudgery in farming, and that
it is a low and vulgar calling. We noticed the
farm of this person, and could not but be highly
pleased with the changes which he has effected,
and which are still going on. Not many years
ago this land was a woithless common, bearing
nothing but moss, hardbacks, and lambkill. It is
now well fenced and well tilled. Twentyfive
acres are now turned by the plough, and the owner
busily engaged in adding materials to enrich and
improve. How much better would it be if more
of our professional men would thus fill up their
leisure hours and reap the satisfaction and reward
which such healthy and sinless employment af-
fords. Let a man thus labor to subdue and cid-
tivate some of the millions of waste acres that
now spread themselves over and deform our State,
we as a community would soon cease to " go to
New York to mill," and the individual hinjsclf
woidd at once become in reality and in very deed
a iiid)lic benefactor. With such an one, patriotism
will lie a word of immense meaning and not a
senseless phrase — a mere flourish of rhetoric.
He will feel, as he looks round upon his reclaimed
and renovated acres, that he has done at least one
good deed, and that he has a country, a home, a
resting place of his own, and his life and his life's
blood will be freely devoted for its prosperity and
defence. — Maine Farmer.

To stain wood green. — Dissolve verdigris in
vinegar, and witli the liot solution brush over the
Wood till it be duly stained. — Yankee Farmer.

Seed Wueat. — Extract from a letter: — "To
obtain good seed wheat, my father has for sever-
al years used a very coarse screen in his fanning
mills, which retains only the largest and best ker-
nels. ]?y this meatis all the foul stuff" passes oft',
and his seed is perfectly clean. The additional
expense of an extra screen is but a trifle." — Gen-
esee Farmer.

Beer vs. Wine. — The Italian papers begin to
complain that the consumption of Reer is daily
increasing in Wine countries. At Padua, there
are three breweries fully employed ; not only men
but women are ibiid of this beverage, wliich is
dearer than Wine.

Large Calf. — Mr George Hamiaford of Cape
Elizabeth, raised a bull calf of the common breed
last season, that weighed five hundred and forty
pounds when he was six and a half months
old. He liad only half the milk given by the
dam the first month — he ran with her afterwards,
and was fed with a small quantity of coru-stalkp.
— Yankee Farmer.

Death by Charcoal. — On Sunday night of
last week, a man and wife, in Flushing, (L. I.) re-
tired to bed in a close room with a pan of burn-
ing eharcoal. Not rising at the usual time the
next morning they were several times called, but
no answer being given, about ten o'clock the door
was opened, when the woman was found quite
dead, and the man in a state of insensibility, and
he is still lying in a debilitated and feeble condition.
He stated that his wife died about four o'clock,
that he w as |)crfectly aware of the fact at the time
and that be expected nothing but death himself,
but he was utterly helpless and incapable of
speaking or moving.

Habits of Hogs. — In Minorca, the hog is
converted into a beast of draught ; a cow, a
sow, and two young horses, have been seen there
yoked together. In some parts of Italy, swine
are employed in hunting fur truffles. A cord is
tied round the foot of the animal, and he is led
into the field where this plant is found, and wher-
ever he begins to dig, it is a sure sign of the plant
being immediately under. The hog possesses the
sense of smelling and taste in high perfection.
Hogs seem to have a great fear of wind ; on its
approach, they fly to their sty with great precipi-
tation ; and, before a storm, they frcqueniiy indi-
cate its coming by carrying straw in their mouth.
— English paper.

Closer may always be sown upon small
GRAINS WITH PROFIT. — Wc sowcd clover upon
four acres of rye and two of barley last spring,
and notwithstanding the dry weather, it took well.
After pasturing the rye Ptul)ble some ten or four-
teen days, the autumn feed was sold for $12,50.
The barley ground has afforded an abundance of
fine feed. Say the six acres reipiired an abun-
dance of seed, at $6, and that the fall fceA wa.s
worth §18, there, will be a profit of iJ12, or $2 per
acre. But the clover lay will furnish at least 30
tons of vegetable food to the next season's crop, if
turned under the first of May, which will be no in-
considerable increase to the profits. These littles
will make uj) a handsome aggregate upon a farm in
a few years ; and there is no economy of this kind
which should be considered beneath a farmer's no-
tice.— Mbaiiy Cultivator. *

238

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEEEUARY 4, 1638.

J

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEB. 4, 1S35.

CL.1MATE OF THE INITED STATES.
There are fi'W subjects whicli have led to a greater
diversity of opinion among philosophers thun the causes
of the different temperature of the climates situate in
the same parallel of latitude in different parts of the
globe. It is asserted, that not only countries iii the
same latitude differ from each other, but the same coun-
tries, at different periods, have difiVred with regard to
their mean temperature for a series of years.

Some philosophers assert that the seasons, at least
throughout the northern hemisphere, have gradually
increased in temperature since tlie periods of the earliest
records of history. Countries, they tell us, which an-
cient authors considered as uninhabitable, by reason of
excessive cold, are now teeming witli population, and
produce abundantly, not only the necessaries, but most
of the luxuries of life. A writer in Ree's Cyclopedia,
under the article " Climate," observes as follows :

"CcEsar, Virgil, Diodorus, Siculus, Ovid, Strabo,
Pomponius Mela, Seneca, Petronius, Pliny the natural-
ist, Statins, llerodian and Justin all speak to the same
purpose of the insupportable cold of the winter in the
latitude of from 44 to 50 degrees, between Gaul and the
Eurvine Sea. The descriptions they concur in giving are
such as would at present suit those countries which lie
between 50 degrees of latitude and the polar circle; and
iu some respects they exceed the cold of the winter in
Sweden and Norway ; and could at present only bo real-
ized in Lapland, Siberia, and those regions of America
tlmt lie to the north of Hudson's bay." After adducing
other authorities to the lilie purport, the author continues:
" Upon the whole it may be affirmed as an urniiiestion-
lion:;ble irulh that the soil, and the temperature of the
lands from Spain to India, and fiom the ridge of Mount
Atlas to Lapland and the remote parts of the north, have
in the course of ages, since the period of the oldest
historical monuments still extant to the present lime been
fiiadually subjcctedto a complete change, from the utmost
degree of miii.sluro and cold to a great degree of dryness
and warmth."

Thesamc doctrine relative to the mean temperatuie of a
climate being raised by cultivation, iheclearing of forests^
draining morasses, &c. has found able advocates in Dr
\V'illi;ims, author of a " History of Vermont," J(jhn
Young, Esq. of Nova Scotia, author of " Letters of Jig-
ricohi" and other writers of eminence.

On llie other liaud some philosophors have contended
tJKit the mean or average lieat of no country has been
permanently elevated or depressed by the causes above
inculioned. We have neither time nor room to adduce
the facts and arguments, which have been put in requisi-
tion by those who believe that no changes, vvliicli man can
effect, will produce any permenent alteration in the mean
temperature of any part of the globe we inhabit. Among
others, Noah Webster, Esq. a high authority in philoso-
pliy, as well as in philology, has opposed the hypothesis,
which supposes that the mean heat of the climate in
North America Ins been increased by clearing and eulli-
vatin" the country. His opinions on this subject were
ex|ircssed in a woik read some years ago, before a philo-
sophical society in New Haven, which displays much
erudition and philosophical invostignlion. In this produc-
lion arc adduced many apposite historical liicts to prove
that tlie mean heat of the climates in several countries
both in the eastern and western continents, was as great in
ancient as in modern times. There are reasons for be-
lieving, that previously to the 15th century England was
favored with a warmer summer climate than she has

enjoyed since that period. It is sufficiently apparent that 1
at one time vineyards were very common in England :
and that wine in very considerable quantity was made
from them. Tacitus states that vineyards were planted
by the Romans in Britain ; Holinshed quotes the permis-
sion given by Probus to the natives to cultivate the vine,
and make wine from it. The testimony of Bede,— the
old notices of tythes on wiue, which were common in
Kent, Surry, and other southern counties,— the records
of suits in the ecclesiastical courts,— the enclosed patelies
of ground attached to numerous abbeys, which still bear
the name of vineyards,— the plot of ground called East
Smithfield, which was converted into a vineyard, and
held by four successive constables of the Tower, in the
reigns of Rufus and Stephen, " to their great emolument
and profit," seem to remove all doubt that the climate
of England was once warmer than it has been for a cen-
tury last past.*

The following facts and argunients may likewise be
adduced in favor of the supposition tliat the mean tem-
perature of no tract of country, taken for a series of years,
is liable to be altered by any changes which the art or
laborof man can effect. Caloric, or the matter of heat,
is now admitted by philosophers to be a fluid, and its
principal source or fountain is the sun. All equal portions
of the globe, lying in the same latitudes, must receive
equal quantites of caloric from the sun. The calorific
rays may be reflected, transmitted or absorbed, but can
neither be increased, diminished nor annihilated by any
power short of the fiat of Hni who created them. If a
mass of iron be heated red hot in a furnace, and cooled
in air or water, not a particle of heat is lost; it is only
communicated to the medium by which it is surrounded.
If the calorific rays which emanate from the sun light on
thick woods or waters, their heat is mostly absorbed.
Every leaf and every drop of water become little reser-
voirs of caloric, which they yield again to the atmosphere
when it has less heat than is contained in those reservoirs.
It is a well known fact that water in freezing gives out
a portion of heat during the process of congelation. This
heat is the cause of water's being a fluid, instead of a
solid, in which last state alone water would always be
foimd if deprived of calorie. This heat, given out by
water while freezing, according to Dr Black, is so great
that If it could be transmitted to and imbibed by an equal
quantity of water of the temperature of 32 degrees of
Fahrenheit, the latter would be heated no less than 140
dcrecs, or to 172 degrees. In autumn, after what we
call the fall rains, the ground is full of water, and this
water, together with that of streams, &c. being congealed
in part by the frosts of autumn and the fore part of win.
tcr, gives out to the atmosphere that portion of heat,
which was necessary to keep it in a fluid state. The
heat thus extricated retards the approach of extreme cold
weather, till the surliiee of the soil and of the waters are
frozen. This, no doubt, gave rise to the common remark,
" As the days begin to lengthen the cold begins to
strengthen." But it is well known that when the surface
of the soil is covered with wood, especially evergreens,
it is less penetrated by frost, or, in other words, there is
less ice iu the ground, and of course less lieat given out
during the process of congelation in nature's vast labora-
tory in November and December. Again, when liie
I ground thaws in the spring, it absorbs calorie from the
I atmosphere, and thus retards the approach of warm
Kcallur in the spring. And the more open a country is,
other things being equal, the more frost there is in the
soil, and the heat necessary to expel this frost must be
obtained from the sun's rays, the atmosidierc, &e. before
we can have uniformly mild weather.

If the above data are correct, the following important
conclusions follow :

1st. Tlie mean temperiiture of a climnlc will not be
affixted by clearing and cultivating the country which
the climate embraces.

2d. The extremes of heat and cold will be greater in
a country which is cleared and cultivated, tlian in one
which is covered with forests.

3d. The approach of cold weather in autumn and tht
fore part of winter, and that of warm wealln r in tlit
spring and fore part of summer will be retiirdcd by di.
vesting a country of its woodland, and exposing the sur
face of the soil to frost and sunshine.

Lastly. Both seed time and harvest, on an aver.igi
for a series of years, will be later, other things beinj
equal, in a country principally stripped of its woodland
than in one which is in a great measure covered will
forest.

Hybrid Tobnip.— The account given in this day'
paper of Dale's New Hijbrid Turnip has been befor
published iu the New England Farmer, vol. x. p. 2$"
We give it again on account of its connexion with thi
proceedings of the Mass. Agr. Society, and for the benef i
of subscribers, who may not be in possession of that vo
ume. Some seeds of this vegetable have been distribute
from the Seed Stoi-e connected with the office cf the P'
E. Farmer, but we have not learned whether they liaT
been cultivated with success.

TO SUBSCRIBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

Our readers will be so good as to twn an attentive ej '
to the list of Premiums on page 23G, ofi'ered by our lil I
era! patrons who compose the Rhode Island Society /i i
the Encouragement of Domestic Industry.

It is hardly necessary to apprise our readers of tl i
improvement made in the appearance of the Farmer n
this week ; being printe'd with entire new type. W
shall continue it in the present improved cond'itioit.

We would kindly intimate to subscribers indebted f
a number of years that the present time forms a sort
epoch in our linancial concerns, and their small sums da^
remitted about this time, would not only compe-tt win
our convenience, but minister to our necessities.

As we have recently had a very considerable accessii
of names to our subscription list, we would inform the
that we have all the numbers of the present volume, ai
ifthey wish a perfect volume, they can be supplied
subscription prices.

Several valuable favors from correspondents unavoi
ably deferred till our next.

The notices of the proceedings of the Mass. Agrici
tural Society have been delayed to this late period,
consequence of the manuscript having been mislaid.

' English Quarterly Review.

MASS. HORTICULTURAI. SOCIETY.

EXHIBITION OF FBUITS.

Paturiliiy, Jan. 31.

By Mr John Heard, specimens of an apple, suppoi
to be a native variety ; the scions were taken from a tl
in Ipswich, which was a bearing tree more than si;
years since. Jlrlleard has called it the Ipswich Apf
Size large; flesh very tender, juicy and rich; color f
red and yellow, striped with a still darker red— an cxc
lent fruit.

By Mr Ruggles.of Fall River, Cork Russet; the sa

variety was exhibited the ITtli. Mr Ruggles stiid tl

had been touched by frost, and were not fair specimen.

For the Committee. P. B. IIOVEY, Jn.

VOt. Xm. KO. 30.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

THERMOMETRIC A L.

iiig-o of Therniometer at the Maverick House, East
Boston, in a sliudcd Norlliwesteriy exposure, free
IVom llie wall.

JANUAllV. 1805.

)NI).iV, 'Ml, .
KSDAV, 27,
EONKSDAV, 28,

lURsoAy, 2':_>, ■

lDAY,:iO, -

rURDAV, 31,
•iUAv, Feu. ].

7, A. M.

1, P. »I.

9, P.M.

47

54

44

41

54

41

3U

3;>

Si)

;i9

38

3->

35

33

44

of,

51

41

33 1

32

27

CHOICE AKKICULTURAl. SKEnS, &C.

"■ K,!,'n'i'"p ''■'■" ^"r*' "'"' ''"'■'•■^ '^ Percn.lai do. ; Sain-
'„ I ,.r "''"','■'■ '-•"(■e'l'e- nmcl. While Clover Trefoil

E^H x„ ^i™'^'''''^'"'" • ^'^" "«'^ «"'». Skinless

o,h oV^'h "^'"^ ^"PV,-°' ^""^'>' ^^="5- field 'ijurne.
p,,°' ""''^ «.™-^^. Vetches, Lenliles.-raylor's Fo t v-
Pouio, now tak.ng precedence of all olhersf Earlv No ,-
I, Mercer K,d„e.y and Pi„k-eve Po.aloe,s, Polato'O ,i™

Cirrn, ,h ' ^';'"" '^',»' '^"""''^ Tenzle. Lnr^e while
Li vr?, "^7;"' »"'! "'"SI profitable lor Caul? ; Red
»w,a.,d Wlj.te Mangold Wurtzel, ,i,e two latter e^ceed-
eel, ami all verv profitable for cattle and garden

the k.ichea and flower gar<len, will be supplied at niode-
pr.ces, cornpr,«ng many superior new veVelables never

.peW^ro";!,;'"'^"'^'" An.o„g these arl a m,™!; "f
, 1-tUs (.^icunibers, fcouashes, Pumpkins. Spinach Tur-
&^. .ntrodueed Iron, I'rance, Spain and I,a I'y. The fo -
igcho.cje «ew Mdons can now besupplled-iVlaha wh, e
%lZ"t' '"'■ "'"' '''S'' "■••vored. and keep, ill Feb uJ
. Imperia Tn".l' ""'n ^'""'"^' ^''"'^ M"scade Co-
"d Su^Sr 'Fi P , """^ ^.^P"?' J^^*^'-^' Cantalonp, Green
iCamalir S«T!'p*^''',''''i"''P- "='^'' Orange, Embroi-
1 (,aiitalo<,p, Scarlet Rock, Small Prescot, VVhile Rock
■"Pme apple. Netted Canlalnnp. and some o 1 ers com-'

^^he S^rcat ■""" '° r "'J'^"- All appli'intswril
r and o^ll ^'"''\°'"<' =y"' °lh" Calalognes s.nt them
ne,°al Tre .'"p '''"'I'^f ""'^^^°' Seeds, Fruit ^nd

and th packages ^^J^-Xsei^l^Tt;":::^
;se Mulberry, or Morus Muhicauhs trees at «2J p^r 00

Se'r ';"'"'"""• 9"P« ^''"^^' andCut'ng^sof all
at modcTate pnces and ,n any quantity.- iV. B The
Seed &e. ,n quantities will ^esup^phed much below

/;„„ ^ , WM- PRINCE & SONS,
_ 22. ■^""'"""' GarJen ami \urs;ry mar Ne,v Yor/r.

FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMEWTAI, TREES, PLAIVTS, <fcC'.

NURSKRY of WILLIAM KE.\RICK, in
-~— ^=^ Nkwton M.iss. 3^ miles from liuslon hii the
VV,:sle,u Avenue, and ^ a mile from, the Woixester Rail Roud.
This establlslnnejil now compactly covers 18 acres • and
comprises the selections of the finest kinds of Pears Apples
(-hemes, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Apricots, Almonds'
(iun.ces Grape V.ncs, Currants, Raspberries, Gooseberries'
and Mulberries, mcludnig the C.incse ftlulberry, or JloRus
Mui.TK-Aui.is, so celebrated for silk ; Strawberries, Fi"s &c
.\o pa.ns, no labor, or expense has been spared, ,n obmin n<^
the most celebrated varieties which have here been congregated
Irom divers climates and latitudes, and from first-rale sources
— scleclions adapted to every section of Ihe Union The Or-
namental Trees and Plants alone, comprise one thousand va-
rieties, Ihe most beauliful kimis known; these include Horse
Chesnuls, Weeping Willows, Calalpa, Mounlain Ash, Aibm-
Uius or Tree . f Heaven, Scotch Larch, Silver Firs, Venetian
Sumach, Allheas. Snowballs. Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c —Su-
perb China and Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Flowerino- Plants
1 a>onies, and splendid Double Dahlias. " '

(ienllemen are respectfully invited io forward iheir orders
rarti/.— Larly m Autumn, being an excelleiu season lor Irans-
paming. Address Io W1LLL4.M KENRICK, Newion
Alass. I rees, ifz. delivered in Roslon wilhoul charge for Irans-
porlalion, they are selected and labelled with due precaution
anrt care; and when ordered Ihence. they are suitably packed
and lorwaidcd lolheir destination, by laiid or sea, Or orders
will receive Ihe same attention if left with Gko. C. Barrett
Mho IS agent, at his Seed slore and New England Farmer
pfllce,^5'o.s.51 ^ 5;2, North Market Street, ifoston. CaT
logues gratis on application. o^ j

239

PRICES OF CO[fNTRY I' R O D IxTtT

CORRKCTED W ITII GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

EXTRA EARLY PEAS.

E Earliest Dwarf Pea grows about 20 inches hieh is a

yX s^bscrb';;"-" ""■■ ^"r'''^-^' '•"''"•"■ t'- -«' or.

i/ed-liJ.t^^'i'rS/rime "■"^^^^'^' "" ""^ ""^^ '^"»-

_:_ GEOa BARRETT.

IVAWTED

<tonnn'rl<etrF""''r >«"^ ""h'" "-ee or four miles
Tvel Iiirin^,f/™|™7 ""' '° "'■'■'.>' ""es ofland wilh

HOLMS' CELEBRATED HORSE LIIVIMENT,

For Sprains Bruises, Wind- Galls, Old Strains, Stiff-
joints, Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are
strained iri the back sinews, wnim; in llie withers, \.c. ; also
J or Olandular swellinsis of the throat-

The ingredients which compose this preparation have been
carefully selected after many years' experience, and are some
ol llie most successful remedies united, correctly proporlioned
and happily adapied to affbrd relief in all the above mentioned
complaints; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article is used, U will be preferred lo any other, as it is decid~-
e.lH- lie best and certainly the most convenient article in i se

N. B. Persons afflicted wiih Rhcumalism, Sprains, Cramp'
Numbness, St.flness, or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by TMOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

113= The Public are requested lo observe that each label is
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o29

FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.

"SLrA'r-' "."-"■'^'',-py "fvoi. 1 ofihe

wilfsell It ?o; fi« 'dollarr'"" "'"'' "" '" '' ""■

^- 3t

ORCH.4RD GRASS.

;»'»-"w S-.L'''^'""^' ""^ ^■^'"«^''' ^'^'^ Seed - at th,
■aS'^^^^J^^'^dStore^ CEO. C. BARRETT

VALUABLE BOOKS.

"s'HoRT'uVi'>»',T' "^""t"'^ '""■^'' ^•^i"™. -"''
1 s MoRTus Lkittakicus, latest ediiion. just rccei ed

i^^ GEO. C. BARRETT

SILKS AT REDUCED PRICES.

Ei.iAE Stone Brewer intending to make a new arran"-e-
ment m his business will sell his stock of Silk Goods at v?rv
reduced prices, viz :

20 Pieces Blk. Gros de Naples (slightly spotted) at 25 cts.
per yar, - 3 do. perfect, 2s. do. 25 do. Superior Saiins Levan-
,0 j'' 3^;''- ''°-,'0 do. do. 3s.-G do. Rich Striped do. 3s. it.-
•iO do. Rich and Superior Col'd Poult de'Soics. 3s.— 30 do. do
(^spotted) 2sG._25 do. Heavy Blk. Sincliaws from 2s.G to 3s li
ni I • o"' ^'"■*"<="'' '■'■''"> 2s. to 2s. C— 100 Dress Palierns Fig
Black Canton Crapes at (is. per pattern- 50 do. do. to mach
7s.0-50do. do. Brown, 7S.G-50 pieces Black Canton Crapes
at Is. per yard_20 do. Heavy Blk Turk Saiins (1-4. in wijih)
I ■ °,''".-, ''"• 'lahan LuslringsSs.— 10 do. common do. 4s.— 10
'lo.l'igd and Plaid Sarsnets, 2s.G— 20 do. Grecian Shallvs
of superior fabric^and figures .3s.9-a few pieces Foulards at

satins. No. 411. Washington Street, Dec. 27ih. 133J..

aiBW WORK.

Just received from the Publisher a new work entitled
CAi.cAREots Ma.vukes, ireatiiig Upon Ihe different capacities
of soils for improvemenl ^Vc by E. Ruffin, Esq. Editor of
the !• anner's Register. GEO. C. BARRETT.

Farmer Office.

A GARDENER.
. An experienced G.nrdencr well acquainted with the duties of
his business in all Us departments wisiies a situation. Can pro
riuce good recommendations. Address J. B. at this office
Jan. 21.

Appi.es, rus-^els, ....
litANs, white, . . . , "
Beef, mess, inew)

Cargo, No. 1. . ' . "

prime, ....

Beeswax, (Amcric n) . . '

Butter inspccied. No. 1, .

Cheese, new milk, . . . '

skimmed milk.
Feathers, noriliern, geese,
southern, geese,
Flax, American, ...
Fla.\sei.;i,, none,
Flouk, Genesee, . . cash
Balliinore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandiia,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
sniilhein yellow
"liite.
Rye, northern.
Barley,

Oals, nor hern, . (prime)
Hay, best English, . . . .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, . . . .
Honey,
Hops, 1st quality (new) . ' . ' .

2d quality . .

Lard, Boston, Isi sort, .
southern, 1st sort,
Leather, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
LiniE, best sort, ....
PoKK, Mass. inspect, extia clear, .

Navy, mess

bone, middlings,
Seets, Herd's Grass, (new) .
Ited Top, northern. .
Red Clover, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle, .

Tallow, tried

Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces,

American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4lhs do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. ]-4and common
Native washed,
= ( Pulled superfine,
S-3 I I St Lambs, .
■^^{"■M do.
^ S. I 3d do,

[ Isl Spinning, .
Southern pulled wool is generally 5 els.
less per lb.

pound

bushel
biiiiel

bushel

ton

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
it

pound

cwt.

jiound

,HOM

2 50
I 75

10 25

3 00
G75

20
14
8

3i
40
35

y

I 2.5

5 si;

5 37
550
525
6S
C5
C7
83
C3

*;

17 00

13 00

14 00
37
I]
10

y

7

19
10
1«
18
27
25
75
17 00

It; 00

2 2!5

750

m

50
«
38
32
38
ST)
40
30

3fl()
2 25
10 50
8 75
7 00
23
17
9
(i
4.5
38
10
1 37
5 G2
3 50
5G2
5 37
70
fig
68
. 8.-,
65
47
20 00
15 00
IGOO
42
12
II

20
12
IS

20

30

27

1 00

IS 00

358

250

87

31
800
65
58
50

40
55

*;

33

2.5
40

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

Habis, northern,
soulhern.
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, .
Butter, (lub) .

liim].
Eggs,
Potatoes,
CiDEK, (new)

pound

II

!!

(i
10

"

14

tt

IB

dozen

1,S

bushel

37

barrel

"2 75

12

:i

7

12

17

20
20

50
3 00

GREES HOUSE GLASS.

"brLORr^fGl KUPFr^,i' '^^''^ "'' " '"*"' «'««
n.il '' «-UPFER, No. 10 Merchants' Row.

BREMEar GEESE.

ale, a few pairs of fine Bremen Geese, by

GEO. C. BARRETT.

FARM FOR S.4LE.

For Sale, a Farm containing Seveniv Acres of very choice
lantl w II liivided into Mowing — Pasturage — Orchardin.^
and U oodland situated in Marlboro", 20 miles from Boston on
llie public roarllo Worcester.

Ills now in a good si ale of cultivation, with a House and
Barn Ihereon, and will be found a very eligible situation for
any person wishing to retire to a verv pleasant country town

for terms, which will be verv moderate if accepted" soo
inquire of GEO. C. BARRETT, Boston. Jan. 21. '

BRIGHTON MARKET.- .Monday, Feb. 2, 1535.

[Reported for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot 1'
At market 354 Beef Cattle, 14 Cows and Calves, 10
pair Working O.ven, and 4.",0 Slieep.

Prices. Beef Caltlc-ln consequence of the limited
number nt market, sales were easily efTected, and prices
advanced. A few yoke uncommonly fine were taken
for something more than our liigliest quotations. We
quote prime at 30 a 33s ; good at 27s ; thin at 223 and Cd
a 25s. Cd.

Working Oxen.—Wc noticed several sales at auction
as follows, viz— $.50, 55, Gl, 71 and 78.

Cows and C«/r«— Sales " dull"- $20, 22 and 24.

Sheep— We noticed tlie sale of one lot at ICs GJ .• one
fit 3 23, and one at 5 12 each.

240

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

t^EBRVARY 4, 1835.

aaas.^^a>s.^sf'Sa

APOSTROPHE TO TRUTH.

LV II. W. I.ONGFF.l.LOW.

Oh hn\y ;ind elprnnl Tnill) ! Tlioii art

An emannlion of the Eunial MiiiJ I
A ghiiinus attribute — a tidhle part

Of uncreatcrl being '. who can find,
By diligent searching, who can find out thee,
Tlie Incorijpreiiensible — the Deity !

The human mind is a refleclinn cauglit

From lliee, a trembUng sliadovv of thy ray,

Thy glory heanis around us, but the thought
Tliat lieavenward wings its daring fliglu away,

Returns to wher. i;s fiiglit was first begun,

Blinded and dark beneath the noon-day sun.

The soul of man, though sighing afier the.:.
Hath never luiown thee, saving as it knows

The .stars of heav.-n, whose glorious light we see,
The sun whose radiance dazzles as it glows ;

Something, that is hi-yond us and above

The reach of human jKnver, though nut of human love.

Vainly Philosophy may strive to teach
The secret of thy being. Its faint r.iy

Misguides our steps. Beyond the utmost reach
Of its untiring wing, the eternal .lay

Of truth is shining on the longing eye,

Distant— unchanged — changeless— pure and high 1

And yet thou hast not left thyself without

A revelation. All we feel and see
Within us and around fi)rl>ids to doubt,

Yet speaks so darkly and mysteriously
Of what we are and shall be evcTmore,
Wo doubt, and yet believe, and tremble and adore!

loiis and uncultivated are generally engaged, will
be done away. — At the same time, such cliildren
are more attached to industry ; for when the toils
of the day are over, a mental collation awaits the
mind at home, in the character of a weekly visi-
tant ; the children are not seeking relief from toil
by i)erambulatiiig a neighbor's premises.

" These, among a great variety of causes that
crowd U[)on lis, are the reasons why we would lie
willing to direct the attention of parents to the
sunple article of a newspaper. — Switzerland Guest.

Troy, 28 below zero, Jan. 4.

I tiea, (N. Y.) 34 " " "f " "

Washineton city, 16 " " fcf " "

Worcester, (Mass.) 19 " " ^^ " "

At Northampton, in Mas.-iachtisetts, the vvater
in an open well was frozen at the depth of four-
teen feet from the surface of the earth.

And in Bethelstown, (forming the southwest-
ern extremity of tliis city) a crust of ice covered
the water in a draw-well, twelve feet below the
earth's surface. This well is sliehered by a roof
I over the windlass.

» A NEWSPAPER IN A FAMIIiY.

The minils of active children are ever agog
after something on which their fancy may rest.
Tills principle of the human faculty never can be
satisfied short of enjoyment in something. This
being a self-evident position, the question fairly
arises, what is the best ibod for such minds ? If
we wish their faculties to remain useless,- deprive
children as much as possible, of sources of infor-
mation, teach them that all polish of whatever
kind it may be, is superfluous. Then they will
either be drones, or vagabonds, according as the
bent of their inclination may lead them. But on
tho contrary, if you would like to have the off-
spring of your charge both active and useful, }>lace
such Incentives bcfin-c them, as would lead a ten-
der and susceptible mind into a train of useful
ihoughts, which would so bias future conduct, as
to justify tho saying of the wise man, " Train up
a child in the way he should go and when he is
old he will not depart from it." One great source
of this bending the twig, may be attributed to the
reading of iiewspa|)ers. Tbi.M-c is not at any one
time, more niatti'r placed before a child than he
may think he can peruse in the course of a week,
after which soon arrives another treat, until it bc-
.-oines a matter of course ; and in proporti.m to
the cx])ansion of the mind of the child, will his
eagerness for each successive paper increase.

When once this thirst for imiiroveincnt and in-
formation has gained an ascendency, the little
looleries and foibles that .so frequently disgrace
neighborhoods, and in which none but the frivo-

COIiD WEATHER.

. The following is the enumeration made by M.
Araao of all the severe winters during the last
ten "centuries: — In 806, the PJioue was frozen
over. The cold was from 18 to 20 centigrade
degrees below zero. In 1133, the Po was frozen
froni Cremona to the sea. In 1234, loaded carts
and wagons crossed the Adriatic in Front of Ve-
nice, in 1305 all the rivers of France were
frozen over. In 1324, it was possible to travel
from Denmark to Lubec and Dantzic on the ice.
In 1334, all the rivers of Provence and Italy were
frozen. In Paris the frost lasted two mouths and
twenty days. In 1468, it was necessary to break
up the wine in Flanders with hatchets, in order
to serve it out to the soldiers. In 1544, the same
became requisite in France. In 1594, the sea was
frozen from Marseilles to Venice. lu 16-57, the
Seine was entire frozen over. In 1677, the Seine,
was frozen for thirtyfive successive days. In 1709,
the Adriatic and the Mediterranean, from Blar-
seilles to Genoa, were frozen. In 171G, shops
were established on the Thames ; and finally the
Seine was entirely frozen over in 1742, 1744, 17C6,
1767, 1770, 1788, and 1829.

The following record of the state of the ther-
mometer, at various places, on the recent cold
days, may prove satisfactory to such as are curious
in these matters.

Albany, 23o below zero, Jan. 4.

Bangor, (Me.) 40 " " " "

Baltimore, 10 " " " "

Boston, 15 " " " "

Catskill, 28 " " " "

Dunstable, • 38 " " " "

Dover, (N. 11.) , 28 " " " "

Goshen, (N. Y.) 32 " " " 5

Greenfield, (Conn.) 36 " " " 4

Hartford, 25 " " " "

Haverhill, (Mass.) 33 " " " "

Kinderhook, (N. Y.) 29 " " " "

Keimebeck, (Me.) 35 " " " "

Lowell, (Mass.) 29 " " '" "

Lancaster, (Pa.) 22 " " " "

Montreal, 35 " " " "

Newberry, (Vt.) 33 " " " "

Norwich, 24 " " " "

Newark, (N. J.) 13 * » " " 5

New Haven, (Conn.) 23 " " " '1

Northampton, (Mass.) 32 " " "

New Lebanon, (N:Y.) 39 " " " "

Poiighkeeiisie, 33 " " " "

Portland, (Me.) 21 " " "

Ports uth, (N. H.) 20 " " " "

Pittslield, (Mass.) 32 " " "

Pottsville, (Pa.) 24 " " " "

Saratoga Springs, 34 " " " "

Saco, (Me.) ^ 28 " " " "

Schenectadv, 33 " " " "

Salem, (Mass.) 17 " " " "

NEW EKGIiAKD SEED STORE.

Al Ihe Afrricullun,/ oral Ilortinilturut VVaielwi se, connect-
ed with llie^New England Farmer llie subicnher conlmues the
yeed Eslal.lislimenl, and now offi-rs lo dealer Gardeners,
and llie public generally an unrivalled colleclion of

GARDEN, GRASS, am. FLOWKU SEEDS,
romprlsing unusual fine varieties and of nndoul.led qualily and
viialiiy — being raised under the particular directiou and ex-
pressly for diis eslablishmenl.

(lanlm Seeds in boxes assorted for dealers from 10 to lUU
dollars eacli. — Also in pounds, halves and quarters al very.|
moflerale prices. . |

Boxes of Seed containing a good assorlmenl for private
E-ardens al g3 each. ,.,^,»c ■ a .

300 to 400 choice varieties of FLOWER SEEDS m 6 cent
pai.rrs— Iwentv papers for gl,UO.

Grass Seeds 'at the lowest maikel prices al \\ holesale ano

fn/r-f and Ornamental TREES, Grape Vines. Plants am.
Roots supplied al one daj's notice.

Just published, a Catalogue of 80 P^Sfs wh^cl, wdl be sen.
rrratis lo customers. GEO. C. BAKKt. 1 1 .

Jan. 21.

MULBERRY AND SIl.Iv.

COBB'S Treatise on Ihc Cultivation of the Mulberry, an.
upon Silk, being an improve.l ediiion. For sale al Ihe oliic
of IheN. E. Fanner.. Tnce 60 cents.^^ ^ BARRETT.

HERDS GRASS,.,OR TIMOTHY SEED.

200 liusiiELS Iler.ls Grass Sec.l^, srowih of 1!J34-, of ver
■rood quality and un.iMnlly hrigln'an.l dean, just received an
i^or sale at the New England .Seed Store 5 & 52 ^^nrth M,ark<
street. GEO. C. BARKE 1 i .

.Jan. 7.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEEDS.

Jdst received at the New England Seed Stoi-c, 51 &. S
North Market street, . ,, ,, j <•„,

A quantity of fresh and geenuie Whae Mulberry-seed, froi
one of the greatest Mull..rry,Orrl,ards in Connectirul.warrall
ed new and good, directions accompanying each package.
Dec.31,lU34. GEO. C. UAlxlvE 1 1.

NE"W 1VORK.

Just received from llie Publisher a new work entitled Cai
c^BKOUS Manukfs. Healing upon the diirerent capacities ■
soil for improvement &e. by E. Rnflin. E.q^Mdor of U

Farmer's Register. ^;F-",- ^'I'i' "^ nffii.

° Now England Farmer Oftice.

••

THE NEW ENGLAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, al p per annul
navaWe al the end 'of Ihe year — bul those who pay wUh
six'lv days from the time of subscribing, are entitled lo a <i
duc'linn "of fiftV rents. „,,.„,,

03= No paper will be sent lo a distance without pavmt
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

Neto Vorfc—G. C. THORBunn. G" Liberty-slrccl.
Albmni—WM. Thorburn, 347 Market-street.
rhil,uM)Ma-~D. .S- C. Landbf.th, 85 Chesnul-slreel.
lialtmwrr—l. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American tarro
<-i„ri„m,ti-S. C. Parkhurst, 23 Lower Market-street,
Fhis'-iii-. N 1'.— Wm. I'KiNci; \ Sons, Prop. Lin. Hot, o
Mkldl.'Imni. IV.— Wight Chapman. IMerchanl.
/7ar//"(irrf— GooliwiN cV Co. Booksellers.
^'ew'lmrypnrt—KJ^r.!<r.■/.r.R Stfpman, Bookseller.
Portsmouth. N. 11.— Jons W. Fostkr, Bookseller.
Aiirnisla. .1/,. — WiLi.Ani) Snkll, Druggist.
JVW.<;or/.-. 17.— J. A. Bratt.

n„«.-..r, jif.'.— Will. JL\nn, Dmsgist. ,

Halifii.r. N. S.—V- J. IIoli.anu, Esq. Editor of Kecorda
S/. /.<""s— Geo. IloLToN.

PRINTED BY TUTTL.E AND WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.
OrdersM P, mtivg rcuit'.d b,j the PMuhcr, M. :2, ^\'rthMart>

HEW

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

MEM

9

PUi!LISr]EI) I5Y GEORGE C. UARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agk,cu,.tural W.rhhocse.

) — T. G. FEbSEXDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEPNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 11, 1835.

KO. 31.

^m^ m-^m^-E^

The following is a continuation of a translation of a
French work, a part of which we have already pub-
lished, commencing with page 193 of our present vol-
ume. We think highly of the work, and are under
great obligations to the friend who has favored us witli
tlie translation.

CHKESK.

Cheeses were known among the ancients but

no trace remains of t!ie manner of their niakiir<r
them. An immense quantity is made in France,
considerable is however imported there, from dif-
ferent countries, particularly from Switzerland,
Holland, Italy, and England.

We have said that the benefit derived from the
manufacture of cheeses forms a great compen.?a-
tion for the trouble and attention it requires ; we
will also repeat that this species of produce should
not be made an object of speculation — excepting
at a distance from cities, and wlien localities offer
the means of economically foddering a large num-
ber of cows, slieep and goats.

It is generally thought that the quality of the
"odder influences very perceptibly that" of the
•hecse. There is no doubt that the food gives to
he milk a greater or less abundance of constitutive
ilements ; but there is likewise no doubt that care,
•)»M"!in-ss, imd tho manner of. making the checso
•ontributes still more to it. We see some dairy-
yomon obtain cheeses of a better quality, than oth-
rs, whoso cows nevertheless graze in the same

lastures. This is a useful fact to be known

■ecauso upon it depends, the improvement of many
f our cheeses, which will remain inferior as long
8 the cheese-makers, persuaded that theh- defects
iiroceed from the fodder — obstinately will not
erceive the faults of their processes. We have
llo^vu the composition of milk, and said how tlie
utter is extracted from it. Cheese does not, in a
iss degree exist in it, since it is comjiosed of the
heesy part, which, it is only necessary to free
■cm the whey, in which it floats. In milk left
> itself, this part separates, and thus naturally
jrms the cheese. But when this effect takes
lace spontaneously, it contracts a sour or sharp
ste, injurious to it, excepting wheii it is to be
iten immediately, particularly in summer when
lis acidity is pleasant and stiiiuilating ; but when
18 to be kept, the milk should be artificially
irdled ; finally, the qualities of this alimentary
ibstance, depending upon the means eujployed,
e art of manufacturing it exacts jiarticular L-are
id precaution.

Generally, summer is the season chosnn to
ake cheese ; food is then more abundant, and
inaequently, milk ; at this time it curdles more
sily and more thoroughly and the cheese made
'm It, has time to acquire, by wiut-r, the quali-
•s which render it excellent.
• 'lieeses are made with pure cream ; with milk
■ It IS drawn from the cow ; with that to which
•portion of cream is added, and finally with
t"n milk. Of course all these cheeses possess

different qualities according to the proportion of
tlieir elements ; but the manner of manufacturing
them produces a still greater difference : thus a
prodigious number of cheeses are made, although
f-nly with the milk of cows, goats, sheep and
sometimes a mixture of these three.

It would be trespassing beyond the limits we
have proscribed to ourselves, to describe more
than the manner of making those kinds of cheeses
which enjoy a certain reputation. Thus we in-
tend to consider them in two principal classes, in
which they may be all ranged.

The first will comprehend those cheeses which
preserve a soft consistency, and which are eaten
when fresh.

The second, those of a solid consistency, and
which can be ke])t longer, the consistency is ow-
ing to the weight of the press, and to the dressing.
Before describing the means adapted for curd-
ling the milk, and which are used for all cheeses,
we may saj', that generally a multii)licity of cir-
cumstances, wdiich it is difficult to define and to
understand, exert so great an influence in the
nuinufacture of cheeses, as to produce perceptible
difference in those even made in the same ])lace,
of the same milk, the same pressure, in the same
day and by the same person.

The causes which produce them can only be
pointed out ; but it is difficult to remedy tlieni,
t.scause they often escape the eyes of those most
accustomed to the business.

It is known that one cow will produce milk dif-
fering from that of another in proportion to the
constituent elements, and that this same propor-
tion varies itself every day, according to the age
and the state of the health of the animal, the
cold or heat, the air which it has breathed and the
nourishment it has taken.

Consequently the mixture of these different
milks will only cause the mass to experience the
different modifications. Finally, the state of the
atmosphere, the good or bad exhalations which
charge the air of the dairy ; tlie size, arrangement,
dryness or moisture of the dairy, the nature, form
and capaciousness of the utensils employed ; the
newness or oldness of the rennet, its greater or
less strength, and the quantity which is always
uncertain ; lastly, the different processes to which
the curd is subjected to obtain from it cheese ;
the places in which it is deposited, are so many
circumstances which favor or hinder the perfec-
tion of cheese.

IS used. Lambs and kids equally furnish this,
provided they are killed, as well as the cahoK.
before they have taken any nourishment but their
mother's milk.

The mode of preparing this, nio.^t gcncridlv
adopted, consists in opening the ventricle or lower
stomach of the calves. It is freed from the clots
of blood, washed, wiped with a clean linen, salted
and put back into the rennet-bag, which is Lunc
up to dry it. The use of the reimct thus preparo<C
varies, in every place where cheese is made'
(" pomogeine.") Some cut off a piece of it^
which they mix in a little milk or a little water,
others merely rub with it a skimmer or wooden
spoon, which they afterward dip into, and stir the
whole iTi.ass of milk. Some persons add to it
vinous or acid liquors ; lastly, there are some who
soak the rennet-bag in a certain quantity of water,
either cold, or boiling, leave it there a"while, and
employ this infusion.

The following is very nearly the manner in
which the rennet is prejiared, which is used for
the Cheshire chee.se, so famous in England, and
which is imported into France.

The fresh rennet-bag or ventricle is cleaned
from all the impurities it may contain, by weshin"
and wiping it. It is then almost entirely filled
with salt : afterwards a bed or layer of'thLs latter
is nirf'ie ir c f ^t !-rge enotigh "to co;>;:;iD thi

OF THE MEANS EMPLOYED TO CURDLE THE MILK.

A great number of substances possess this
property. We may cite among the vegetable,
flowers of the two kinds of " galUum," I" lady's
bed-straw,") the yellow and white, and tho.se'of
the thistle, artichoke, &c. ; vegetable acids and
cream of tartar produce this eftect likewise, but
are not used for the object, which now occupies
us. There are also mineral acids, but the use of
them is dangerous.

Most ordinarily, to attain this object, the liquor
contamed m the stomach of calves called rennet,

rennet-bags, placed fiat one above the ather, above
each a layer of salt, and continued iu this way
until the pot is sufticiently ftill. The last upper
layer should be of salt. The pot is covered
with a plate or piece of slate, and put in a cool
place.

When it is time to use them, all the rennet-bags
are taken out at once, drained, laid upon a table
and sprinkled with fine salt, on each side, then
passed over with the rolling pin, to cause them to be
Jicnetrated with the salt ; lastly, they are hung up
to dry, unfolding each bag, and keeping it ope'n by
means of a little stick.

When they are sufiicieutly dry, they are placed
in a vessel either large or small, and three pints of
water poured into each rennet-bag. After twen-
tyfour hours' time, they arc drawn out, and put
into another vessel, and only one pint of water to
each bag poured in. They remain in this twen-
tyfour hours, and then are taken out, stirrmgthem
first gently in the infusion.

The two infusions are mixed and strained
through a -sieve of fine cloth. Suflicient salt is
added, to prevent the liquor from dissolving en-
tirely, and for some to settle at the bottom of the
vessel. Care should be taken, every day in sum-
mer to take off the scum which forms, and add to
it from time to time a little salt, that there may
be constantly a plenty of it. This liquor is used
m the proportion of a one hundred and tvrenti-
eth part to the milk to curdle.

Whatever method may be used for the employ-
ment of the rennet, as regards the rest, it always
produces the desired effect ; but it is not sufficient
to separate the whey from the curd, but tha lat-

212

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEBRUAUY 11, 1835.

and richness

ter must preserve that adherence
which constitutes the quality of cheeses.

We believe the infusion of rennet to be the
as it mingles with every particle and does
not speck the curd, exceptini; always when the
rennet is used by mixina: in a little milk, at

best,
not i
dry

the" moment it is wanted, and wrai>ping the whole
in a bag or knot of linen as is done in good
" pomagcries" in Rrieti.

It would be difficult to determine the precise
quantity of rennet to be used, because it depends
upon its strength, upoii the qualities of the ndlk,
upon the season, the slate of the atinospliore, and
lastly, the kind of cheese to be made. We will
content ourselves ^yith making here some general
observations.

Strong smelling rennet should not be used, be-
cause it communicates to the curd a bad taste.

Milk curdles more easily in summer than in
winter; the quantity of ri^nnet should be less in
the former season than in the latter. Skim milk
curdles more easily than that which has preservetl
the cream ; the flitter it is, the more rennet it
requires. Heated milk also favors the action of
the rennet.

Too nmch rennet is injurious, bocauss the curd
forms in adhesive clots, and lets the cream run ofl"
with the whey ; cheeses made from this are dry
and brittle. Too little rennet is equally prejudi-
cial ; the milk takes a long time to cmvlle ; the
whey is drained off with more difficulty, and may,
by remaining with it, communicate to the curd a
disagreeable sour taste.

It is then, the proportion, which the dairy-
women should strive to find out — practice and
experience will be, in this case, the safest and
surest guide.

IForllie New EnglanJ Farmer.]
THE CLIMATE.
Mn Fessenden — I differ in opinion with A. G.
in his answer to Mr Breck's first quere, "why it is
colder in the valleys than on hills, when we know
that tlx! higher we ascend beyond a certain eleva-
tion the colder it is." I also do not agree with
him that it is warmer in the valleys in summer.
I contimd that the valley is coldest both summer
and winter in the absence of the sun. If I un-
derstand A. G. right, he argues that the valley in
summer is warmer in consequence of the greater
density of the air in the valley, and that the cold
is greater in the valley in winter, in consequence
of the greater density of the air, in the absence of
the sun. I hold, that when the air is more dense
in the valley, either summer or winter, it is
in consequence of the cold, iu the absence of the
sun.

I will agree with A. G. that the air at the sur-
face of the earth would be the most dense, if it
were of equal temperature with the nir above, for
iu that case, it would he compres.sod by the weight
of the whole column of the uir above ; but the air
cannot be called dense, at the surface of the earth,
when it becomes heated and expanded by the rays
of the sun or any other cause ; for by its expan-
sion it is made lighter and will as<-.end, and continue
aecendin" until it is cooled and condensed to the
same tenqjerature of the surrounding air above.
How is it that we keej) warm air in our parlors iu
icold weather? why, hy making the rooms tight.
But you take away the ceiling above and the warm
;air will ascend and the room will at once be filled
a»ith cold air. Cold will not descend in water

until the principal part of the heat has ascended,
therefore we see shoal waters congeal much
quicker than deep. If you go into the high lat-
itudes where the sun is absent for months, you
find a imiform cold, the heat having ascended and
caused nearly the same temperature of the atmos-
ph<!re from the surface of the e.irth to its extrem-
ity. If my theory is correct for the month of
January, it is the same for July. And that the
valley is colder in sununer, as well as in winter,
we have abmidaut proof in the cold summer of
1816, when there were frosts about every month,
it is well known to many, that vegetation was cut
off by the cold in the valleys, when on the neigh-
boring hills it remained unhurt.

A. G. further says, " and should it be asked
why we have some days colder than others ?" 1
agree with him, so fiir as he goes in answering
the question, and as he says "the wind coming
from the North would bring cold." That must
be correct, and if it shoidd come from the South
it would bring heat. What is the cause of the
winds ? the expansion and condensation of the
air. What causes the expansion and condensa-
tion ? heat and cold. We have a good opportu-
nity of seeing the air put in motion, and ascend-
ing by heat, by the conflagration of buildings in a
still time, and the cold air rushing in at the sur-
face, to supply the place of the warm, which is
ascending. But the sun is the great agent and
cause of the winds. By the action of its rays, at
and near the surface of the earth, they then pro-
duce heat, therefore the air at the surface of the
earth, becomes heated and expanded, and contin-
ues ascending, so long as the sun's rays are emit-
ted. But in the absence of the sun, the atmos-
phere goes on cooling and condensing, in order
to return to its natural equilibrium. When heat
and cold is regular for a considerable length of
time, the winds then also, will be more regular,
as is the case with the monsoons or tlie trade
winds. If the air should be condensing north of
us, the atmosphere would begin to move on from
the south, and continue so, as long as the conden-
sation went on, in order to sujjply the place which
would otherwise be vacated by the condensation,
and if the condensation should be south of us, the
air would move from the north to the south the
same, and it would move with a velocity, in pro-
portion to the time of condensation, and if it were
not for heat, our atmosphere woidd be stationary.
Yoiu-s respectfully, WILLIAM KEITH.
West Ruxhury, Jan. 2.5, 183.5.

it clay and swamp nnick. Last fall (1833) I put
140 loads of clay and muck en two acres, and
sowed it with wheat. The result is to be deter-
mined by the ensuing crop. My first pinchase
is a farm of 80 acres, a jilain mostly in mead-
ow, from which the last season, I cut 140 loads of
hay, raised 80 bushels of wlieat, 150 of corn, 200
of potatoes, 570 lbs. of cheese, 1200 lbs. of pork. I
mention these items to show how it is cultivated.
1 have lately purchased a farm of about 95 acres.
This abounds in clay and swamps, with mud and
wood ; about one half is arable land. Shall 1
find my account in carting clay and mud from tlie
swamps on to the sandy land."

Now, Mr Fessendcn, the year lias passed away,
since the first experiment was made. One great
object in sending you this extract is to get from
Dr Allen, if he is willing to give it, a statement
of the results throsigh your paper, that the farm-
ing interest may be benefittetl by his ex])erimente.
I presume, however, you will agree with me that
the result of the first year is not a fair test of the
effect which such a comse of manuring is likely
to produce. Yours, with respect,

GARDNER B. PERRY.

ON THE USE OP SW^AMP MUCK POR MABfUKE.

Bradford, Feb. 4, 1635.

Ma Fessenden — I send you an extract from a
letter received almost a year since from my good
friend, Benjamin Allen, L.L. D. of Hyde Park,
N. Y. — a man highly distinguished for his class-
ical and general acquirements. The letter certainly
was not intended for the public, yet as the subject
is a ])ublic concern 1 know he will excuse me
when I forward a copy for tiic N. E. Farmer.

G. B. P.

"Dear Sir — You must know that I have be-
come a farmer and pass my time amid rural oc-
cupations and my books. Can you give me any
information on the uses and advantages of swamp
muck and clay as manure ? The soil of my fiirm
is a sandy loam, and in some parts approaching
to the gravelly. I have thoughts of applying to

[From the Middlebury, (\ t.) American. J
POTATOES.

Sir, — During my confinement and distress foM
the last five weeks and the extreme illness of my
family, I have been prevented from writing anti
almost thinking on any subject disconnected witl
our comfort and safety. Within this period ]
have received numerous comiiumications froir
sources of the highest respectability, from Georgi:
lo Maine, and from our friendly neighbors of thi
Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, request
ing me to conunuuieate the manner of my exper
iments in growing Potatoes. Please say to then
in your next number, that I will the moment mi
health admits (which is now rapidly improving
comnumicate with pleasure through the mcdiun
of your columns the result of my experimenti
and the manner I think best adapted for growin;
them — that plant, in my opinion, most valuable ii
the whole vegetable kingdom, in climates adapte(
to its growth, not excepting Bread Stuff of ever
description, — it affords in the northern latitudes
more, better and more heahhy nourishment to thi
human race, than all other vegetables ; and ever
loaf of Bread made of Wheat, Corn or Ryt
should contain at least, one fourth part of the men
of the Potato, prepared in a manner I will here
after describe. Let a free and constant use bi
made of it, the number of emaciated and dys
Ijcptic subjects, which by the by, is rather an un
necessary disease, will be lessened, attributable r
much to the state of the mind as body.

Look at the Peasantry of Ireland, who only es
Bread and Meat one day in seven — the day ap
pointed for rest — the other six days they hav
Potatoes and Salt for breakfast, Salt and Potatot
for dinner and PotaToi s and Salt for supper. Di
ever a person hear of a case of dyspepsia amoii.
tiieni ? — and the Bairns of Scotland, whos
bread stuff is Oat Meal and Barley, are not mue
in the habit of complaining of this popult
disease.

I should do injustice to my own feelings, wei-
I to omit tendering my thanks to the editors i
the Periodical and other Journals, as well as pr,
vate individuals, who have in the most compll
mentary and flattering terms expressed their d'.

VOL.. XIII. NO. 31.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

243

sire to learn my mode of growing Potatoes.
Their requests sliall be fully answered so far as
my knowledge extends. And should I be the
means of imparting to our Farmers information
which will enable them to make two Potatoes
grow where one now does, I should consider my-
Helf abundantly remunerated.

A. W. BARNUM.
Vergcnncs, Januan/ 30, 1835.

■WASHIIVGTON COUNTY WOOI. GROWING SO-
CIETY.

A meeting of the Wool-growers was held in
Montpelicr on the 20tli ult. From the official ac-
count of its proceedings, published in the Mont-
pelicr jtapers, v.e copy the following :

Jonathan P. Bliiler, Pliny Curtis and Sheffield
Hayward, jr., were chosen a committee to bring
forward measures ■proper to be taken to facilitate
the object of the meeting, who made the following
report, viz :

That a Society be formed under the name of
The Washington County Wool Grou'ing Societt/,
whose object shall he to improve the breed of
sheep and circulate all information relative to the
sale of wool, the prices to be obtained for the
same, and all other information connected with
that object, whose meeting shall be holden in this
village, on tiie first Tuesday of May, annualjy.
Pliny Curtis, Sheffield Hayward, Jr., Horace Hol-
listcr and Jonathan P. Miller were chosen a com-
mittee to draft and bring forward a constitution,
which being presented and signed, the Society
then proceeded to organize by choosing Parley
Davis, Chairman, and Nathaniel Eaton, Secretary
for iSie J ear cnsning.

Resolved, That a Committee of three be chos-
en to circulate information relative to the sale of
wool and prices to be obtained in market ; and all
other information they deem essential to wool
growers. Jonathan P. Miller, Caleb Curtis and
Sheffield Hayward, Jr. were chosen said connnit-
tec.

Horace Hollister, Parley Davis, and Sheffield
Hayward, jr., were appointed a committee, to ex-
amine into the nature of diseases conmion among
sheep, ascertain the most effi;ctual remedy for the
eame and report to said society.

Resolved, That this meeting stand adjourned to
the 3d Tuesday in February next, 1 o'clock, P. M.
at this place, when a general attendance of wool
growers in Washington County is requested. —
Ft. Chron.

ITEMS.

A SIMPLE Remedy for the Croup. — This
dangerous disorder, which has proved fatal to
children in almost every climate and situation,
and which is the dread of many an anxious pa-
rent, may be subdued by the thnely application of
a remedy which is not only simple, but easily ob-
tained. As soon as the symptoms of croup appear,
Scotch snufi' must be applied to the throat of the
child, either in the form of a plaster, or by rubbing
it OH the throat and chest ; this can easily be done
by mixing the snuft' with any fat or oily substance,
which makes it adhere to the skin. If app'ied too
low on the chest it causes vomiting ; and as the
application to the throat appears to occasion nau-
sea sufficient to throw out a moisture sufficient on
the skin, it is supposed that this alone has a ten-
dency to ameliorate the disease. The writer of
this has seen the most beneficial results from the

timely application of this «imple remedy, and but
recently witnessed its efficacy in the case of a
child five years old, subject to this alarming dis-
ease from its infancy. The family were called up
at midnight, and found the child laboring under
all the distressing symptoms of croup, accompanied
by considerable fever. A plaster of Scotch snuff'
was inunediately prepared, by mixing it with some
pomatum which was at hand, and spreading it on
a bit of cloth cut to extend partly round the Ihi-nat
and a little over the chest. This was immediately
applied, but as the parents were too anxious to
rely on this remedy alone, they sent for a physi-
cian, but, by the time he arrived, the disease was
greatly ameliorated, the difficulty of breathing
having ceased, and a considerable moisture ap-
pearing on the skin, and the cough and restless-
ness also greatly relieved. In this stage of the
disease, the physician recommended the feet to be
bathed in warm water, and a dose of castor oil to
be administered ; the child was then put to bed,
became quite composed, and by the morning all
symptoms of croup had disappeared. — Southern
Agrieulturist.

Cure for Gangrene. — lu an account of a
fight between a party of Waccos and Tawackan-
ies Indians, and a small party of Americans, in
Texas, in November, 1831, we find the followhig
singular method of curing the leg of one of the
jjarty, which was shattered during the action by a
musket ball. It was lucky for David Buchanan
that no surgeon attended the party, or he would
have been ' a peg shorter' all his days :

' David Buchanan's wounded leg here mortified,
and having no surgical instruments, or medicine
of any kind not even to a dose of salts, we boiled
some live oak bark very strong, and thickened it
with pounded charcoal and Indian meal, made a
poultice of it, and tied it round his leg, over
which we sewed a buffalo skin, and travelled
along five days without looking at it ; when it
was opened the mortified parts dropped off", and it
was in a fair way for healing, which it finally did,
and his leg is as well now as ever it was.'

Onions an antidote for ppisoN. — Upwanls
of forty years ago, I knew a man who willingly
took eleven grains of arsenic in warm tea, in or-
der to kill himself. It took effect immediately.
Three physicians exerted their skill to save him,
but to no purpose, and said he must die. By their
consent, another person proposed onions, which
were immediately applied to his stomach, arm-
pits, wrists, and all the tenderest parts of his body.
Though he was much swelled he immediately
began to recover, and the next day went to his
work. It appeared like a miracle to all who wit-
nessed it. I have heard of onions being used for
the bite of a rattlesnake with good success, by
being applied to the wound. — Chr. Adv.

Sore throat from cold. — At this season of
the year, when common colds are prevalent, a
better remedy cannot be prescribed for a soreness
or inflammation of the inside of the throat, which
often attends a severe catarrh than the following:

Mix a wine-glass full of calcined Magnesia and
Honey to the consistence of paste or jelly, and
take a spoonful once an hour through the day for
a day or two. It is cooling, healing, and a very
gentle cathartic. — Bermuda paper.

HoR9E3 AND Cattle. — An intelligent fanner of
this town has communicate^ to us, what he saysf,

is an elfectual remedy against injury to horses and
cattle, who may have eaten too much grain : It
is simply to administer a pint of melted hog's lard
as soon as the fact is discov(.-re<l. He says he has
tried the experiment a number of times, and al-
ways with success. — J\Jorr{dgewoek Jour.

The Eye. — The use of shades and bandages
on every trifling affection of the eye, is an evil
that cannot be too strongly re])robated ; for the
action of light and air being thus excluded, and
the organ rigidly compressed, opthalmia, and even
total blindness, is not unfrequently the conse-
quence of that which, being perhaps merely a
slight flow of humor, or a little extravasated
blood, would have subsided in a few days, if ju-
diciously treated, or even if left to itself. — Curtis.

Indelible Ink. — If a leaf or stem of ivy be
broken off" a yellowish milky juice exudes from
the wounded extremity. After a short exposure
to the sun it becomes black. This juice, when
applied to linen, forms one of the most perfect
kinds of indelible ink. It doe? not fade from age,
washing, or exposure to any of the chemical agents,
except boiling ether. The poison ivy seems not
to be equally injurious to all, as many people will
come in contact with it, and even chew the leaves
with impunity.

The Cotton Gin. — Mr William S. Cooley,
of Norwich, Conn., has taken out a patent for
certain improvements in this invaluable machine,
which are said to be very important. He is
making arrangements for the manufacture of them
in Norwich, and for their sale in this city. — JV. Y.
Courier and Inquirer.

PuMi'tiK BiiEAC. — Tak" l!:e rind frons the
pumpkin, cut it in slices and boil it ; when soft
enough strain it. ip a colander, and mash it up
fine ; in this state it may be used for pies or mix-
ed with flour for puddings, cakes, &c. For bread
it may be made up with wheaten flour in the
]>roj)ortion of cue third to one half. The sponge
must ho fir.st set in the ordinary way with yest
in the flour, and the pumpkin worked in as it be-
gins to rise. The rule is to use as much pump-
kin as will bring the dough to a proper degree of
stiff"ness without Viater, The pumpkin must not
be so hot as to scald the yest. It reipiires more
baking than wheaten bread. This bread is very
pleasant and very wholesome.

Hogs. -^The dealers in this article have gener-
ally returned, and we believe, without a solitary
exception, have made money. This fortunate state
of the niiuket will throw a considerable sum of
money into circulation in Kentucky. We are in-
formed 60,000 hogs have passed the Kenhawa route,
82,000 through the Cumberland Gap, and about
40,000 through Tennessee to Georgia and Alabama,
making, in the aggregate, 182,000 head. Suppose
half this number to have been slaughtered and
pii kled for New Orleans market, and we have the
grand total of 273,000 head taken from Kentucky
this season. This number of hogs, supposing
them to average 200 lbs. net, and supposing the
New Orleans market equal to the other markets,
will furnish the handsome sum of two million seven
hundred and thirty thousand dollars. From the
best information we have on the subject, we are
inclined to believe our calculations nearly correct
What sum has probably been realized from the sale
of horses, mules, and beef cattle, we have no data,
for calculation. — Kentucky Chronicle.

2M

NEW ENGLAND FARMER^

PEBRCyUTY 11, 1830.

^<^^it^^'m&^wm,^a

[From the OW Colony Memorial.]
A DISSERT ATIOK ON TIIS COITRSB OF TM^LAGE
Most suitable for Soils in Plymouth County, and the
Rotation of Crops, most Conducive to the Interest of
the Inhabitants. By Anthony Colla.-.iore. Read
before the Plymouth County Agricultural Society, at
their annual meeting at Bridgewater, Oct. ].5, 1834.

[Concludeil from page 2Gj.J
Auotlier course pursued witli some success in
litis county, is to plant corn on the sward, and lioe
in rye at the last hoeing; the second year, after
tlie rye is harvested, to turn in the weeds and
stubble, which can be done very perfectly with
the cast iron ])lough and harrow and sow with
grass seed, and then roll the land. A crop of
beans may also precede occasionally with advan-
tage a crop of rye. — Some may object that in
many cases, the soil would be too poor for these
courses of crops,, which may be true — but such
soils should be recruited by carting on swamp
mud, clay, marl, &c. and by turning in green crops
which is the best manure for such soils. The
best course for this purpose which we have seen
mentioned, is one recommended by Mr Poniroy,
in liis cs.^av on t!ie advantage of manuring Vvitli
green croi»s ; and which is thus described — " Win-
tor rye, sown early in the spring, grows rapidly,
and will generally arrive at sufficient stature in
.season to be turned in as manure for ruta baga.
Rye ploughed in when in full flower, and millet
sown, wliK-h it v.ill bring forward with great lu.\-
uriance, and that in its most succidont state turned
in for iohcat, (or rye) may be one of the best fallow
preparation.'! for it that can be devised ; and is
probably the cheapest and most convenient pro-
cess to rest-jre an exhausted soil. At the same
time it should be considered that gijpsiun acts
more powerfully on soils thus prepared." These
soils may also be kcj)t improving by practising on
the ma.xirn of Judge Pitman — To lay down land
and breakit up oflen, and enriching it by turning in
the mass of vegetable substances, amounting as
before stated to twelve tons and a quarter per acre.
But as it is diffietdt lo designate all the changes of
crops suitable for soils, much mtijit be left to the
judgment of the judicious cultivator. Iiy the ap-
plication of the princiiiles beibre laid down, and
by observing what crops best succeed other crop.-;,
he may not only keep his land from being ex-
hausted, but continually improving. — And who-
ever has paid much attention to the subject must
bo convinced, "that whatever pains we take,
whatever expen.ses vi'c incur in collecting instru-
ments of husbandry, in accumulating and apply-
ing manures, and in tilling the earth, all is to little
purpose unless to these we superacid a succession
of crops, ailapled to the nature of the soil, to the
laws of the climate, and the physical character and
rommcrcial value of the article raised." In confir-
mation of many of the views here expressed, we
will close this essay with the following observa-
tions, comuumicated by a distiagurslieil, practical,
and scientitle agriculturist of the county :

"The success of farmers depends very much
on the knowledge and judgment with which they
manage soils ; and on so frequent a renewal and
change of the kinds of see<l applied, as will call
into action all the vegetative powers that exist in
them. The powers in soils strongly resemble
tlioso of the human body and mind ; contuiued

diversified action nevftr diminishes, but on the
contrary, invigorates and enlarges them. There
are indeed some instances of untimely worn out
men and worn out soils, and the results in both
cases can pretty easily be traced to some impru-
dent management. The temperate employment
of bodily and mental powers, would generally
produce what is termed a green old age, and a
judicious culture of soils, would preserve in al-
most every field the growth of some useful plants.
Soils, like bodies or minds, are adapted to ditTerent
pur])Oses, to cultivate well we inust understand
what a soil the most naturally produces, and not
often force it to uncongenial exertion. — This can
be determined without much laborious scientific
research, it is ascertained in continual observation.
A knowledge of natural products, enables us to
fix on the most healthy changes in crops, and what
proves most healthful to the soil, will ordinarily
prove most profitable to the occupant. In the
county of Plymouth tlicre is a portion of the soil
which admits of no other profitable change of
croj>s, than changes in the kinds of grass. It is a
medium between what is called fresh and Eng-
lish meadow. In certain seasons, this sort of land
may produce very great crops cither of grain or
roots ; yet the probability of the total loss of labor
is too great to justify the frequent use of it for
such purposes. It should always be kept in grass,
and as often as it is reduced to the production of
only sour grasses, or too light a burden to give
profit, it may be renovated at a small expense, by
turning the soil over with a ])lough in the month
of August, applying manure and seeding agaiu.
In this way, the best English grasses can always
be obtained from lands v/hich, without cultivation,
would produce very little grass of any value.
Soils that naturally produce the sweeter kinds of
grass are generally favorable also for every sort of
graiu, and in the pregnant application of such
grain crops as suit convenience and supposed
immediate interest, these soils are often re-
duced to a state in which they will not yield
enough of any kind of grain to compensate the labor
of cidtivation. This is a serious evil, and to be
guarded against by all the means in our power, in
view both of personal interest and the welfare of
future generations. One highly important pre-
caution is, never to leave the land uureplenished
with roots during the inclement season of the
year, nor the surface without something of cover-
ing to protect it against the wasting influences of
winter winds ; always taking this precaution, it
may not be necessary to the continued health and
vigor of the soil to go into the most extensive
variety in the rotation of crops. We need not
cultivate a greater variety than personal wants or
the wants of the vicinity demand. When we
begin with wh.it is here called new land, which is
filled with the roots of briars and bushes, the first
crop should be one that will occasion an abun-
dance of action in the soil ; — ])Otatoes are proba-
bly the best crop for this purpose within the scope
of our present cultivation. If the soil in the
common language of farmers be very tough, rye
or oats may follow the potatoes. The third crop
may be Indian corn, the fourth, rye, oats, barley,
or wheat, with a liberal quantity of grass seed ;
thiui the land should remain two or three years as
mowing or |iasturage, afterwards if the land be
wanted for tillage, a similar course may again be
pursued. But if sulTered to remain many years
in grass, it will not impair its strength for the pro-

duction of grain. This seems a benevolent ar-
rangement of Providence, in northern latitudes
where it is necessary to the sujiport of domestic
animals, that a large portion of the land should
always produce grass. With a judicious inter-
change of the grains, roots; and grasses commonly
cultivated in this section of country, we may al-
ways preserve even the poorest soils from barren-
ness. In a more extended rotation, in the frequent
cultivation of leguminous plants, and such roots
as draw nourishment from a great depth, we could
considerably improve soils, but a long succession
of great crops, under the best possible system of
change, is not to be expected without the frequent
application of nianure.

BOILED POOD FCKR CATTLiE.

Having for some years turned my attentioa to
the most economical and profitable mode of fatten-
ing cattle, and especially hogs, I have found that
preparing their food by the process of boiling is
unquestionably the greatest unprovement that has
yet been discovered — a slight fermentation fol-
lowing previously to feeding it away as certainly
adds to the capacity of food for aflbrding imtri-
tion. And I have also further fully ascertained,
that the nutritive qualities of many species of
food can only be obtained by boiling, and in many
others is only fully developed, or prepared for tho
action of the stomach by that process.

The Irish Potato furnishes a case in point of
the first kind, and the apple of the last. It is ex-
tremely rare that you will find a hog that will eat
a raw Irish potato, but put it through a culinary
process and it is rare to find one that will rcfuso
thctn.

Boil the apples, let them get cold, and feed
them to hogs, and you will double their capacity
for producing flesh.

But, sir, the result of fairly conducted experi-
ment has equally convinced me that the mixing of
diflerent kinds of food, adds prodigious j to the
capacity of the diftijrent materials lor aflbrding
nutrition, from the effect of combination. The
increase of the quantity of food, as well as tho
addition to its nutritive quality, by the simple ab-
sorjition of water in the act ot' boiling, is familiar
to all well informed persons. But I am assured
that the combination of difl'i^rent materials, pro-
duces a greater mass of nutritive matttr, than Ihe
whole could separately yield ; and that to lind out
the art of mixing food, along with the best modo
of preparing it (or the action of the stomach, ia
the great art of feeding economicahy, and I be-
lieve to secure animal flesh, heatth, and vigor.

The well known eifect of boiling cotton seed
and turnips, and feeding them together to fatten
beef cattle, e.xhihils a conclusive proof of the last
position, I think — no preparalion is known to
latten more rapidly ; the late inqn-oved mode of
keeping up in flesh working horses in England,
by the aduiixtiue of food, may l)i> cited as a cor-
roborating proof in point. It is now I think ren-
dered certain that the condiination of two articles
of food, jiroduces a new mitritive njatter, more ef-
fectual than cither could separately, or that could
be produced from the imtritive matter contain-
ed in each fed separately. Bull Irish potatoes,
pumpkins and apples; combine them by mashing
together, and add a little salt and it will be found
most nutritive tbod lor hogs, jiroduciug flesh rap-
idly. Now a hog on Irish })Otatoes raw, would
starve to death, and do little better confined to

vol.. XIII. so. 31.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

245

pumpkins, on raw apples he would live tolerably,
on the boiloti and combined he fattens kindly and
rapidly.

The result with me h.ns become an anxious de-
sire to ascertain tlie simplest, and most economical
mode of steam boiling food on a.Iarge scale, say
pumpkins, potatoes, (Sec. Some of your readers
may have seen, or be in possession of some plan
not generally known, and valuable.

I have no hesitation in saying that the individ-
ual whose talents would devise some plan which
would come within the reach of every description
of planters, uniting economy in the expenditure
of capital, with despatch, would confer a solid
benefit on our country. — Southern Planter.

POTATO CROP.

A writer in the Maine Farmer communicates
the following account of his experiments in raising
Potatoes :

« I broke up a piece of land in my mowing
field in the flill of 1833, that was completely bound
out. It was never ploughed before. In the
spring of 1834 I harrowed it down with a he.avy
harrow that cut about as deep as the plough went";
it was furrowed out, and a good sliovel full of
manure from the barn windows put into the hills
of all the rows but four. Into three of the re-
maining rows I put a table spoonful of plaster or
gypsum; the remaining row was left without
cither manure or plaster. The seed was the
largest potatoes of the pink-eyed kind that I
raised in 1S33, and all planted alike and hoed once.
When they were dug we measured the basket
and then proceeded to measure the potatoes in
tlie different rows, and the result proved tliat the
plastered rows produced on an average, a bushel
from eleven and a half hills; the manured rows
produced a bushel from fifteen iiills ou an average ;
and the row that was neither manured nor plas-
tered, averaged sixteen hills to the bushel. The
land was a hard wood growth, naturally rather
moist. The next experiment was on a piece of
pasture land that had been pastured three years.
It was partly broke up in the fall of 1833, and the
remainder the next spring. It was of a mixed
growth — a strong soil — was never ploughed before,
and rather stony. I harrowed it as I did the first
piece, and was under tlic necessity of cross-
ploughing a part of it ou account of a num-
ber of hemlock stumps in the way. I then
furrowed it out, and mama-ed four rows through
the middle of the piece with chip or door dirt,
the remainder I plastered. The seed was a kind
of black potato that I obtained of John Beunoc,
Es(|. of Orono. The remainder was a mixture
of ])iuk-eycs and white ones, the largest I raised,
cut in the middle and put two halves in the hill.
Planted abput the eighth of June, and hoed once.
Before digging I had one acre measured out ac-
curately, in order to offer it for premium. Out of
one hundred hills of plastered ones we got three
pecks more than we did out of the same nimiber
of manured hills. Some of the potatoes grev/
;out of the ground, and the frost bit them so much
Ithat we liove them away and they were not mea-
|3ured, but there were measured four hundred and
sne and a half bushels. For this, crop I obtained
Jur Society's first premium on potatoes, viz : one
volume of the Maine Farnjer and four dollars. 1
lad seven hundred bushels in the whole off of
me acre and about three-fourths."

THK ROLIiBR.

Mr IIo'..jiEs : In your useful paper I have
seen the Roller mentioned as a necessary tool, in-
strument or machine, on a farm ; and I last year,
for the first time, ma<le one, having before been
convinced, by borrowing, that they were useful.
I have thought that a description of mine (simple
as it is) might be a benefit to those who have not
used them heretofore. I took a piece from a
hard wood tree as large as I could find, took off
the bark and rounded the log, cut it four feet and
ten inches long. I then took two spare harrow
teeth, rounded them at the end and drove them
well into the log exactly in the centre. I took
two pieces of hard wood joist, bored them sufii-
ciently large to receive the rounded end of the
harrow teeth, framed those pieces of hard wood
into another piece of larger hewed hardwood
stick; morticed through that, and put in a suitable
tongue for the cattle to haul by. The roller is
upwards of two feet in diameter, and it answers
well. Plank might be pinned on, had the stick
been smaller, thereby enlarging it. The advanta-
ges of the roller are many, and will bettsr be
learned by experience than I can describe. I
hope no farmer will be without one any longer. —
Me. Farmer.

PORK.

The dissemination of agricultural information
being always beneficial, and to the great mass of
readers very acceptable, and as there are few sub-
jects in which farmers are more interested than in
pork, which furnishes the main source of animal
food for family consumption and of farm profits
by way of sale, the following statements are made.
The facts may be relied on as the result of actual
experience. There are four farmers in the town
of Saratoga, the average weight of whose hogs
when killed and dressed for market this fall were
as follows :

Thomas Smith,
Jesse Mott,
W. & A. Bennett,
H. & I. VVagman,

6 hogs, av. weight 543i lbs.
19 do. do. 480
16 do. do. 455
16 do. do. 403
The weight of Mr Smith's six hogs were, 440,
520, 532, 570, 576, and 623 lbs. total 3261. Aver-
age as above, 543i, and neither of them were over
twentyone months old. These productions, though
enormous, are not' very unusual with them, as
most of these formers liave been, for many years,
in the habit of killing very heavy pork. The sys-
tem adopted !)y them, and which redounds to their
credit, as well as general benefit, is such that the
expense is not much more than that in ordinary
use. They have so improved their breed of hogs
by selecting and crossing with great care and at-
tention, that the Saratoga hogs have become mat-
ter of general notoriety, and the demand for the
breed has greatly increa.sed, and the pork sought
for by dealers in the article, and generally brings
an extra price. -

An enterprising agricultural gentleman of the
city of Albany, {Gen. S. Van Rensselaer, jr.) who
takes pleasure in improving his stock, and whose
short horned Durhams, are the best of their kind,
has lately procured a stock of these hogs, and under
his judicious management they will probably be im-
proved. It is hoped that a statement of the above
facts, together with the process pursued in rearing
and fattening, will be prepared and furnished for
the next meeting of the state agricultural society by
some of these gentlemen. — Alha/ny ArgKS.

MAJVAGEMENT OP UEES.

The Kennebec (Maine) Agricultural Society, at
their meeting last autumn, awarded their premium
on Bees to Col. John Gihiiorc, who furnished the
Society with the following statement :

" Having entered my name for premium on
honey and a hive of bees, I will inform you how
I have managed them for a few years past. I
keep them in boxes — my boxes are thirteen
inches square on the outside, and from six to seven
inches high, with thin slats across the top about
an inch wide, with just space enough to let thn
bees pass between them. For a young swarm I
fasten two boxes together with a board on the top,
put in t!ie swarm, and Avhen I set them on "the
bench put imder as many more as I think they
will fill — a large early swarm will fill four or more.
I had some this .season that filled three in about a
fortnight, and then swarmed, and the young swarms
have filled four boxes. After my old hives swarm
once I usually put under one or more boxes. I
prefer that course to letting them swarm again, for
second swarms are generally worthless. When
the weather becomes cool, if the hive is well filled
with honey, the bees will all leave the upper box ;
it can then be taken off without disturbing tho
bees in the hive. I usually take from my old
hives and early swarms one box containing from
twenty to twentyfour pounds and leave enough for
the bees to live on through the winter, or I can
take a part and return the box if I think tho
remainder is insuflicieut for them. If my bees
grow lazy after the swarming season is ovei', and
hang out on the hive, which is in consequence of
the hive being full, I add more boxes. I had a
few small swaniis which I have taken up other-
wise. I have not destroyed any bees. I have
taken up on my own farm this season 289 lbs. of
good honey in the comb, and I now own, including
those that I have taken up, twentysix hives."

SWEET POTATO.

The cultivation of this delicious root is rapidly
extending in New England. It does, to be sure,
require a little more care than the common potato,
but when properly managed will yield a j)lentiful
crop. A gentleman who has resided in Georgia,
says, through the cohinnis of the Genesee Farmer,
that the modes of cultivating it adopted at the
north, are not in his opinion the most judicious.
He recommends that the slips bo planted in a hot
bed in March, three inches apart ; about the first
of May, having prepared a jjicce of ground of a
sandy soil, clip the vines into pieces fifteen inches
long .and set those pieces in hills three or four li-et
apart by burying the middle three inches deep,
and leaving the two ends 'out of the ground.
Five pieces of vine may be inserted in a hill, hut
not very near together. In ten days they will
take rt)ot, and by the first of November the hills
will be tilled with large potatoes. When the
vines arc ail set out, the seed jiotatocs should be
set in hills to produce new vines, which in the
middle of June may be cut and set as before.
This will produce s.mall potatoes, or slips for seed.
The slips must be kept dry and free from frost
during winter or they will decay. The best way
is to pack them in dry sand, not allowing them to
touch one another, and put them in a dry warm
cellar. — Greenfield Gazette.

Handle your tools withojt mittens ;-
gloves catches no mice.

-a cat in

246

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PJBARTTARV II, 1S3S.

W^W ^Sf^I£>^Sr3l> Sf^SiSEISma

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEB. 4, 1835.

LOCATION & CONSTRTTCTION OP HOUSES, &c

In rojnpli.niiCi' with fI»o rcqnt'st ni a cnrrespoiidont,
V'ith tlip sianalurp '• Inquirer," whose coninuinication
was puhlished on tlie 145th page of the current volume
of the New England Farmer, we make some remarks
on the above mentioned topics.

We sliall first state some particulars relative to Farm
Huildings, and proceed to remarks applicable to build-
ings in general.

The proper situation for farm buildings, is as near as
possible to the centre of' the cultivated parts of the
farm ; or, at least, not far from the middle of the arable
or ploughed land. It is very absurd to continue an old
fashioned mode of locating farm houses in clumps or
villages, detached from the farm. If the homestead is
at a Considerable distance from the farm, there will not
only be a partial want of that personal superintendence,
which is indispensable to the correct management of a
farm, but the expense of cultivation will be much in-
creased; the manure must be carted a greater distance
— the strength of the workmen, and of the horses, cat-
tle, &c. will be wasted in travelling backwards and
forwards, &c.

It is desirable, when circumstances admit, to build
the farm house fronting the south, that those rooms
which are most occupied may be most remote from
northwest winds, as well as enjoy the prospect and
warmth of the sun. The house shoujd occupy a small
elevation, to which the ascent is not steep. Such a site
will give .a dry cellar, door yard, a good chance for
summer breezes, a prospect of your own, and perhaps
your neighbor's premises. An eminence of that kind
is not only conducive to health, but gives the farmer a
chance to see if his "help" is idle, his own or his
neighbor's cattle are committing trespass, &c. If " the
eye of a master can do more tlian his hand," it is highly
important that his house should be sufliciently elevated
to serve as an observatoiy, and enable him to overlook
whatever most requires his care and superintendence.

One of the most common errors in the mode of build-
ing in this country, is tlie want of thickness in the
walls. A house with thin walls is cold in winter and
hot in summer. In Calcutta, the walls of the houst's
are nearly three feet thick, and the outsides are covered
witif a mortar, which reflects the heat, so that they are
rendered cooler than many houses in the United States,
notwithstanding tl)e greater heat of the climate of India.
The Domestic Encyclopedia asserts, that the walls of
most houses built in Philadelphia are much too thin, ns
they seldom exceed nine inches, and derive the chief
part-of their support from tl\e adjoining houses. It is
not unusual to perceive day light tlirough the walls of
the garret of a house, a circumstance wliich must nec-
essarily render these apartments imcomfortable at all
seasons But there is another disadvantage which
ought to be mentioned ; should the house take fire, and
the rafters of thv: roof lie destroyed, the gable end, for
want of support, will probably fall in, and endanger the
lives of those who meritoriously risk their safety for
our benefit.

The wind from the northeast, norlli ;ind uortliwest,
in the United States, being cold and uncomfortable, a
house should be so contrived, if possible, as to occupy
those quartets with stair cases, and apartments not
much used in winter as sitting rooms. Great benefits
are derived in winter from the use oi' double windows,
(that is, one window, with its panes, near the outward
surface, and anotlier near the inner surface of the wall,

in each casement, with a vacant space between them)
for a defence against cold.

Contrivance, or design, is of the first importance in
building, as a skilful architect will not only make the
structure handsome and convenient, but often save gre.it
expenses, which cannot be avoided when, by hasty and
injudicious management, any future alterations become
necessary. A model is the most certain way to prevent
mistakes, and is superior to the best draughts. But if
the latter be adopted, it should be of the largest size, so
that the delineation of all the chimneys, hearths, bed
places, stairs, and the size and location of all doors and
windows, in each story, may be distinctly represented ;
and if the workmanship be agreed upon by the bulk,
it will be useful for obviating ditSculties and dispntes,
to insert the length and thickness of the ground plates,
breast summers, beams, principal post braces, quarters,
window posts, door posts, cellar beams, principal rafters,
&c. &c. whicli should all be minutely ascertained.*

When houses are built of Avood it is very material
that it should be well seasoned. It is remarked in the
work above quoted, that " wood differs very much in
durability, and yet the opinion of men whose judgment
on this subject is matured by repeated experience, au-
thorizes the assertion that the durability of any particu-
lar species of wood is not so much connected with the
nature of it as with the seasoning. Hemlock (Pinvs
Ahics JJmcricana) is a very perishable wood, if used
when recently felled and sawed; but young hemlock,
free from wind shakes, duly seasoned, and not floated
and soaked with water, will last as long as most other
kinds of wood under similar circumstances.

In laying the foundation of a building, proper care
should be taken to ascertain tlie nature of the soil by a
crow bar, or, what is still better, by a miner's or a well
digger's borer, in order to discover whether it is thor-
oughly sound, and fit to bear the weight which is to be
laid on it. A dwelling house should never be built
near marshes, fens, a boggy soil, nor too close to the
banks of a river, unless it stand on rising ground at the
northwestern side of the bank.

The house should be so constructed that neither the
kitchen nor sitting room should open directly into the
open air. By means of an entry on the inside, or a
porch without the house, we may obviate the inconve-"
nience and danger of too sudden changes of temperature
in passing from a warm room to the open air, and vice

versa.

[To be continued.]

MisTAKKS IN Printing Hon. Samoki, Lathrop's
Address. — We have received a line, stating that some
important errnta had occurred in the above mentioned
address, (which we commenced reprinting in our paper
of the 28th ult. p. 223) as printed in the Northampton
Courier. But not having preserved that paper, we are
not able to point out the misprints. We should there-
fore be much obliged if Mr Lathrop, or some other
friend, would be so good as to send us a corrected copy
of the whulc.'lddrcss, and we will. then either commence
de novo, or enable our readers to ascertain the correct
rending of what we have printed, and give a correct
transcript of the remainder.

Maine Farmkr. — We are glad to perceive that this
useful periodical has assumed a now dress, new type
and an enlarged sheet. This is a valuable and well
conducted journal, and well deserves every embellish-
ment which improved typography can bestow, in order
that its appearance may comport with its merits.

* Willich^s Domestic Encyclopedia.

Thomas G. Ff.ssenden, Esq.

Sir — I have seen it recommended in your paper to
keep Bees in a garret or tight snug house ; I am about
building one 8 feet by 10 ; 1 wish some of your readers
would inform me through' your paper the most suitable
way to put up th^ shelves ; thatis.tlie width most suit-
able and the distance they should be apart, and any
otliar information respecting it they may think proper.
By so doing they will confer a favor on one of yonr
subscribers, and perhaps many more. I. B.

Thumaston, Me. Feb. 4, lti35.

Adjourned TEnirEKANCE Meeti.vg. — Agreeably to
adjouriinient, the fi lends of temperance met at the Bow-
duin-strcc! Meeiing house, on Tuesday evening. Hon.
S. T. .'Armstrong, presided. The meeting was opened
with prayer by Rev. Dr Bolles.

Horace Mann, Esq., of this cily, then rose and offered
the following Resolution : —

Resoh'fd, That the evils of intemperance press with
peculiar weight and ag;;rava(ion U[ion the pour; — that
those evils are greater than any which happen in the
course of nature, or in the order of Providence ; — and
that society cannot be absolved from its obligation to
bestow upon the poor I he charity of its pecuriary aid,
until, by a nobler charity, it shall rescue them from suf-
fering and degradation- by securing to them the blessing
of Temperance.

Rev. Mr Hague offered the following Resolution : —

Resolved; That the influence of the American Tem-
perance Reform on foreign countries furnishes a strong
motive to prosecute the enterprize with renewed vigor.

John A. Bolles, Esq. then offered the fullowing resolu-
tion : —

Kcsolved, That it is peculiarly important to enlist in
the cause of Temperance, men of science and literature,
— bolh on account of the peculiar exposure to the seduc-
tions of intemperance, and of the extent of the influence
which they exert upon mankind.

Two other gentlemen were expected to address the
meeting; but, as they weie absent, afler the singing of
a hymn. Rev. Mr Gray, minislcr at large, offered a few
remarks, sugge.-tcd by the words,

" Hear the mother, children pleading

Heaven relief would quickly send !
Cruel monster,"
in the hymn which had been sung. He related several
facts wliich had come within his knowledge in the
course of his visits among the poor in the city, which
were well described in these lines; one of them had oc-
curred that very day, where the mother, a Christian
woman, surrounded by her little children, was obliged
to hide every knife and razor in the house, fearing that
her husband, raving from the fumes of the poison admin-
istered by her neighbor, would murder her.

The Corporation of Harvard College are about erect-
ing a new Library Hall, on the south side of the road
from the College yard, to cost about $40,000 — this sum,
and about ,f 10,000 more, having been received from the
estate of the late Christopher Gore.

The House of Representatives on Friday last made
choice of Rov. Andrew Bigelow of Taunton, to preach
the next Election Sermon.

A subscription has been commenced in Maine for the
purpose of defraying the expense of sending a Mission-
ary among the Lumber-cutters or Foresters in the
woods of that State.

XOL,. XIII, KO. 31.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

24:

To CeRRESPoxDKSTs. — " A Vemionter," on Cold
Weather, in our next if possible. Other favors in their
turn.

THERMOMETRICAI-

Range of Thermometer at tlie Maverick House, East
Boston, in a shaded Northwesterly exposure, free
from the wall.

PftDllUARY, !835.

7, A. M.

1, P. M

9,P. M.

M.-an

MosDAV, 2, - - -

27

21

l!.

m

Tuesday, 3,

13

2X

12

15

Wednksdav, 4, - -

o

10

1.")

10

Thursday, 5, - -

10

22

-20

17

Friday, (),

1!)

31

21

9K

Saturday, 7,

24

30

IG

9;^

Sunday, 8, - - .

C

11

10

0

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS.

Just rereived al ihe Seed Siore connertect wiih the New
England Farmer Office, Nos. 31 & 52, Nor(h Slarkel street,
Boston, the prcalest variely of eniiy Veffelable and Fldiver
Seeds lo he t'ouni! in New EnfflamI, many of viliirli are now
wanted for Htil Bed Sowing. We iiave received from Earupi-
the finest assortment ofCahhage.Canlifluwer, Rrorcoli, Swcei
Porlug-iiese iMaijoram, andearly deep Scarlet Short Ton Rad-
ish Seeds, iVe- c^-c Among the European '"ahbage tSceds are
the true early York,ea ly London l!al\cr<ea,Savt.v, and uilier
Cabbages— early curled Silesia, Teuni-ball. and Rovol Cane
Head Lclluces. Mignioneitc, Lnn^ -Turkey Cucumbers
for forcing, (while and green) enrlv While i)ulch Turnips
lomalos, l,ima Beans, early I'eas. Beans, ^-c. comnrishio^
every kind ol seed vvanled in New England,— wanrauled o(
tile very firsl qualily.

Aho. GRASS SEEDS nCM kinds. Herds or Timed, v
-n'^,?!."''-,'^'"'/'"' ^^ '"•'-" t'lover. Lucerne, Orchard Gr,ijs
fall SleadoB- Oats Grass, .^.c. at the lowest market prices
wholesale and retail. Pgl,' j j

ROCHESTER SEED STORE.

Rkvnoi.ms S,' Baikham, having esMblished diemselves in
the Seed and Nursery business, uuw uflV-r to the public a verv
hirge n d superior assortment ol' O.irdeii, Field and Flower
.Seeds, Garden Tools. Horticultural Implements, Rooks', etc.

'flieir slock of .Seeds is entirely new, hnving been jiurchased
this fall, directly of the growers and iniporlors, and comprises
many rare and valuable vaiieties, never bi'loie introduced into
ihis section of country.

Merchants and others .supplied with assortments of Seeds for
retailing, either by the box or by .weight, al a liberal discount.

('ash paid lor all kinds of Grass Seeds, Peas Beans, HcmD
Flax, etc. '^'

Catalogues furnished gratis, on application.

O^'V Green House, Horticultural Garden and Nursery are
connected with the establislnnenl, and all orders for Seeds.
P ants, Trees, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Bulbous Roots, etc. will
meet with prompt attention

Rochester, Dec. 23, 18.14.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCi;.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

EXTRA EARLY PEAS.

The Earliest I >wnrf Pea grows about 20 inches high, is a
good bearer nnd decidedly the earliest known. The seed ot-
tered by the subsciiber was raise J expressly for the New Erg-
land Seed .Store, near t^anada line.

IMiirkel Gardeners anil others will be supplied with large or
small quantities if ajiplied for early in the se.ison.

j«'' ^■ " GEO. (;. BARRETT.

WANTS A GARDENER'S SITUATION,

A single man, having had the advantage of being bred up
in some ol the hrst places both in England and Ireland and
can produce satisfactory testimonials .is to proprietv and
capability, and also can be well recommended in thiJ city
Any rclerencB made to J, F. at G. C. BARRE^'T'S 3<#d
Store, North Market street, will be attended to, Feb 11

■WANTED

To hire from three to live years within three or four miles
ol Bosinii market a Faim from ten to Ihirtv acres of land with
a good dwelling house and other out build'ings. For informa-
liun apply to No. o(i Fi.ncuil Hall Market.

.(an 28.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

Of superior thichirss with everv quality of Windmo Glass
for sale by LORl.NG Sf KUPFER, l\o. 10 Merchants' Row.
Jan. 23. . <2,m\s.

HOLUS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind- Galls, Old Strains, Stiff
joints. Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are
strained in the back sitiews, irnrng in the withers, S-r. ; also
for Glandular swellings o/the throat.
The ingredients which compose Ihis preparalion have been
carefully selected after many yeais' experience, and n.e some
ofl^he most siiccessfnl remedies united, correctly proportioned
and happily adapted to afford rebel in all the above mentioned
complainls; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article IS used, il will be preferred lo anv other, as it is decid-
edly the best and certainly the most convenienl article in se.
N. B. I ersons afflicted with Rheumatism, Sprains, Cr.imp
Numbness, Stiflness, or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared atid sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street. Boston, Mass.

ID' The Public are requested lo observe that each label is
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o29

NEAV ENGLAND SEED STORE.

At the Agricultural and Horticultural Warehouse, connect-
ed with the New England Farmer the subscriber continues the
Seed Establishment, anil now offers to dealer-. Gardeners
and Ihe public generally an unrivalled collection of '

GARDEN, GRASS, and FLOWER SEEDS,
comprising unusual fine varieties and of undoubted quality and
vil.ihty — being raised under the particular direction and ex-
pressly for this establishment.

Garden Seeds in boxes assorted for dealers from 10 to 100
dollars each. — Also in pounds, halves and quarters at very
moderate prices.

Boj-es of Seed containing a good assortment for private
gardens al %Z each.

300 lo 400 choice varieties of FLOWER SEEDS in G cent
papers — twenty papers for ,gl .(jO.

Grass Seeds at the lowest inaikel prices at Wholesale and
Retail.

fruit and Ornamental TREES, Grape Vines, Plants and
Roots supplied at one day's notice.

Just published, a Catalogue of 80 pages which will be sen!
gratM Ip customers. GEO. C. BARRETT

■ Jan. 21.

(prime)

Appi.es, russets, ....

Bkans, white

Bkef, iness, inuw)
Cargo, No. 1.

prime, ....

Bkeswax, (Americ n)
Butter inspected, ^o. I. .
Cheese, new milk, .

skimmei-l milk.
Feathers, northern, geese,
soiilhern, geese,
Flax, .American,
Flaxseed, none,
Flour, Genesee, . . cash
I'altimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexaudiia,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
soulhern yellow
while.
Rye, northern.
Barley,
Oats, nor hern
Hat, best English, .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey, . . . . ;
Hops, Isl qualily (new)

2d qualily ....
Lard, Boston. Isl son, .
soulhern, Jst sort.
Leather, s'anghier, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

tlo. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
best sort,

Mass. inspect, exlia clear, .
Navy, mess, .
bone, middlings.
Seeps, Herd's Grass, (new)
Red Top, northern, .
Red Clo\er. northern,
While Dutch Honeysuckle,

Tallow, tried

Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4lhs do.

do. 1-2 rio.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed,
5 (' Pulled superfine,
aj"c I 1st Lambs, .
t=<'^<i do. . .

g_ 1 .3d do.

Lime,
Pork,

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bnsiiel
bairel

bushel

gallon
pound

FROM

3 00

2 73

10 25

8 00

6 75

20

14

8

3i

40

35

9

1 23

5.5«

5 37

5 50

5 25

H8

65

67

83

G3

4<;

17 00

13 00

14 00
37
H
10

9

FARM FOR SALE.

For Sale, a Farm containing Seventy Acre-- of very choice
J^'„7 "„'l'^;'<ed into Mowing — p,;sturage — Orcharding,
and Woodland, situated :n Marlboro', 20 miles from Boston on
the public road lo Worcester.

Il is now in a good stale of cultivation, with a House and
Cam thereon, and will be found a very eligible situation for
any person wishing lo retire to a very pleasant country town.
, For terms, which will be very moderate if accented sood
inquire of GEO. C. BARRETT, Boston. Jan. 21. '

VALUABLE BOOKS.

Hoktus Brittanicus, Loudon's latest ediilon, and
Sweet's Mortcs Brittanicus, latest ediiion, iusi recei ed
and for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT.

Feb. 4.

FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.

A complete well bound, unsullied copy of Vol. 1 of Ihe
New England Farmer " Having boen'much call for il Ihe
owner will sell it for five dollars.
Jan. 26. 3t

MULBERRY AND SILK.

COBB'S Treatise on the Cultivation of the Mulberry, and
upon Silk, being an improved edition. For sale at the office
of the N. E. Farmer. Price 50 cents.

Jan. 21- GEO. C. BARRETT.

HERDS GRASS, OR TIMOTHY SEED.

200 Bushels Herds Grass Seeds, growth of 1834, of very

good qualily and unusually bright and clean, just rece'ived and

lorsale at the New England Seed Siore.SI & 52 North Market

'^^'^''"- „ GEO. C. BARRETT.

Jan. i.

&. 55

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEEDS.

,M"'"?\r'','''"'' '" ""= N"^ England Seed Store, 51
North Market street,

A quantity of fresh and genuine While Mulberry-seed from
one o( the greatest Mulberry Orchards inConneciicui wa'rrinl-
ed new and good, directions accompanying each package.

Dec. 31, 1834. GEO. C. BARRETT.

• NETV -WORK.

JosT received from the Publisher a new work entitled Cal-
careous MANi-nES. treating upon the diflerent capacities of
■sod for improvement &c. by E. Ruffin. Esq. E.lilor of the
farmers Kegisler. GEO. 0, BARRETT.

New England Farmer Office.

Southern pu
less per

S. I 3d

I 1st Spinnine"
illco wc ■ ■

■ool is generally o cl.s.

.'C

19

'•

10

"

16

"

18

'*

27

''

25

cask

75

barrel

17 00

"

16 (10

"

8

bushel

2 2.5

"

75

pound

"

<&

rwt.

7.50

pound

60

u

.50

11

45

"

38

"

32

<*

38

•*

50

"

40

((

30

''

2.'5

35

3fK)

223

10 50

8 75

7 00

23

17

y
c

45

38

10

137

5 62

5 50

3 62

337

70

68

68

83

65

47

20 00

15 00

16 00
42
12
H

S.i
2<i
12
18
20
30
27
I OO
ISOtt

8 58
2 50

87

31
SOO
63
58
SO
42
36
40
55
45
33
25
40

P R O V I

Hams, northern,
southern.
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, .

BOTTER,(tub) .

lump
Eggs.

Potatoes.
CiDEK, (new)

SIGN MARK

RETAIL PRICES.

E T

pound

il

8

12
• 9

"

6

7

a

10

12

'-'

14

17

"

18

20

dozen

18

20

bushel

n

J50

barrel

2 IB

300

BREMEN GEESE.

For sale, a few pairs of tine Bremen Geese, by

GEO. C.B4RRETT.

BRIGHTON MARKET.- Monday, Feb. 9, 1811.

[Reported for the Daily Advertiser i. Patriot.]

At market 3G4 Beef Cattle, If» Cows and CaWes, and
410 Sheep.

Prices. Beef Cattle— Fneee have advanced, and we
quote to conform to sales, viz — choice Cattle, very fine,
brought something more than our highest quotations.
We quote prime at 33 a 34s Gd ; good at 30 a 32a. 6d ;
thin at 24 a 28s Gd.

Co7ts nnd Cahes— Sales were noticed at $20, 22, 35
and 27 .'iO.

33s

Sheep — We noticed lots taken at prices from 24 lo

248

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PKERtJAUY 11, 1835.

s"<sJS2£>a^sr'Sa

THE SNOW.

The silvery snow !— the silvery snow !—

Like a glory it falls on the fields below ;

And the trees with their diamond branches appear

Like the fairy growth of some magical sphere ;

While soft as niusie, and wild and white,

It glitters and floats in the pale moonlight,

And spangles the river and fount as they flow ;

Oh ! who has not loved the bright, beautiful snow !

Tlie silvery snow, and the crinkling frost-
How merry we go when the earth seems lost ;
Like spirits that rise from the dust of Time,
To live in a purer and holier clime ! —
A new creation without a stain —
Lovely as heaven's own pure domain !
But ah ! like the many fair hopes of our years.
It olittcrs awhile— and llien melts into tears !

bclioldiiii; this, tlie old lady started up in a fright,
exclaiming, "And the nnicklc horned dcil too,
among all the other great beasts; I'll no abide
here ony langer, and you must come awa home
wi' me, John ; for should they monsters of the
deep break loose, we should' only make a mouth-
ful apiece for them, and the great muekle horned
dcil would devour us both at once ; so you must
een come awa home, man." So saying she fairly
pulled her husband out of the room, and made
the best of her way down stairs, amidst the
aughter of the whole company, who highly en-
joyed the scene. — JV. Y. E. Star.

unfit for a helpmate for a man, and to train up a
child in tlie way he should go.

MICROSCOPE.

A ludicrous scene took place a few evenings
gince at the exhibition of the Hydro Oxygen Mi-
croscope in Broadway. An old Scotchman and
his wife, evidently just arrived frsm their native
country, caine in and took their seats in a very
orderly manner just before the exhibition com-
mence'd. During that part of the exhibition
which consists of wings and other parts of in-
sects, sea- weed, sections of stems, and of flowers,
they appeared very quiet arid well satisfied.
When th^^hibition of the living aquatic insects
and animalcuke took place, which consists of four
scenes, the skeleton larva- of the gnat, the larvfe
of the musquito, a drop of water, and a collection
of all kinds of aquatic insects, including thy wa-
ter devil, the old lady appeared rather uneasy and
fidgety. The larva; of the gnat magnified to tip-
wards of twenty feet in length, elicited expres-
sions of surprise from her, as " God bless us !"
" Heigh, sirs !" and so on, keeping her body in
contiiuial motion, and fidgeting so much as to call
her husband's attention. "Janet, woman, what
ails ye ? Canna ye be quiet ?" " God preserve
us!" said Janet, and, pressing a little closer to the
old man, was quieter.

The second scene, the larvae of the musquito,
appeared to excite the old lady's fears considera-
bly ; but her husband soon succeeded in quieting
her. Their eccentric motion, knocking each oth-
er over with their long tails, convulsed the whole
company of ladies ami gentlemen with laughter,
but elicited nothing from Janet exrept " Come
awa, John; come awa liome, man;" to which
John pettishly replieil, " Sit ye still, ye auld fule
ye ; what ta deil nils ye noo ? They things canna
harm ye " — and Janet was quiet once more.

Next came the scene of tin: drop of water,
with its numerous living inhal)itants. At this the
old woman was comphudy confounded, uttering
no audible sound, but rocking her body to and fro
with a regular sec-saw motion ; her husband,
evcTy now and then, gently chiding her, and say-
in", "Bide a wee, Janet ; "we will gang away
thegither directly."

Next came the last scene, with a combination
of living insects. In 4 fi-w moments the demon-
strator of the microscope called the attention of
the company to a huge water devil eight or nine
feet long, with his large horns and numerous legs,
devouring the smaller insects with avidity. Upon

IMPROVEMENT IN BREAD.

In this age of inqirovement in the arts and sci-
ences, it must be gratifying to the epicuraen, as
well as every other man of taste, to observe that
the more humble but important arts of the kitch-
en are not entirely overlooked by our scientific
housewives. In addition to the important discov-
ery of manufacturing pumpkin apple sauce, re-
cently made known by the inunortal Mrs Yerks, I
observed in your paper, a few weeks since, a
method of improving the quality of stale bread
by steamiuff, so as to have many of the properties
of newly baked bread, without producing its del-
eterious effects. This treatment greatly itniiroves
the quality of bread which has become dry by
age, and is, many times, more convenient than
any other method ; but from the experience of
many years I have found the following an im-
provement, even upon steaming, as the bread ab-
sorbs less moisture and it is imparted more equal-
ly through the loaf.

Let your good housewife calculate to bake
when she has sufficient old wheat bread to last
the fauuly until the new is suitable for the table,
which will be in about two days, and when the
new bread is about half baked, take the old wheat
bread and pour on a quart or two of cold water
on each loaf so as to soften the crust, and place
it in the oven, where it must be kept until it is
thoroughly heated through, and when taken out
it will be found to be quite as light, soft, and pal-
atable as new bread. To those, who, like myself,
have often suffered from the effects of eating un-
ripe bread, any "improvement which can restore
the good qualities of new bread, when lost by age,
without producing its bad effects, is valuable.
Let such try it. Ichabod.

We may add to the above, that, those who have
a "baker," may avail themselves of Ichabod's im-
[irovement whenever they please, without waiting
for the heating of the oven. We have been in
the practice of warming our bread in that way,
and like it niuch. — Mass. Spy.

FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAL. TREES, PLANTS, &.C.

NuHSKRY of WIl.I.IA.M KKNRICK, in

Nkwton, IMass, 5^ miles from Boston by ttie

Wfsleni Avenue, and ^ a mile fronitlie Worcester Rail Koad.

Tliis estahlisliniput now compacily covers 18 acres; and
comprises the selections of the fiiiesi kinds of Pears, Apples,
( 'lierrics, Peaches, Plums Neciariiies. Apricots, Almonds,
Quinces, Grape Vines, Currants, Itaspbcrncs, Gooseberries,
and Mulberries, including liie C; iuese iMulbcrrv, or MoRUS
MuLTiCAULis, so celebrated for silk ; Slrawberri(!s, Tigs, &c.
No pains, no labor, or expense has been spared, in obtain nc
the most celebrated varieties which have here been i oiigregated
from divers climates and latitudes, and fr(»m firsi-ralc sources
— selecUnns adapleil to every section of (he Union. The Or-
namental Trees and Plants alone, comprise one thousand va-
rieties, the most beautiful kinds known ; these include Horse
Chesnuts. Weeping WilUtws, ('atalpa, iMountaiii Ash, Ailan-
ihusorTrre'f Heaven, Scntrh Larch, Silver Firs, Venetian
Sumach, Alllieas, Snowballs, Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c. — Su-
perb China and Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Flowering Plants,
Psponies, and splendid Double Ualilias.

(ii-ntlemen ore respeclfully invited to forward their orders
early — Karly in Autumn, being an excclleiH season fop trans-
plan'tino-. Address to WILLIAM KENRI''K, , Newton,
Mass. Trees, t^-c. delivered in Unston without charge for trans-
portation, they are selected and labelled with due precaution
and care ; and when ordered thence, they are suitably packed,
and forwarded to their destination, by land or S(;a. t)r order*
will receive the same allention if left with Gko. C. Barrett,
« ho is agent, at bis Seed store and New England Fanner
Ollice, Nos. 51 ^' 52, North Market Street, Koslon. Cata-
logues gratis on application. ■ oct. 1

SILKS AT REDUCED PRICES.

Et.iab .Stone Hrewkr intending to make anew arrange-
ment in his business will sell his slock of Silk Goods at very
reduced prices, viz :

20 Pieces Blk. Gros de Naples (slightly spoUed) at 25 els,
per yard — L5do. perfect, 2s. do. 25 do. Si.perior Satins Levan-
tines, 3s6. do— 10 do. do. 3s,— fi do. Rich Striped do. 3s. 9,—
40 do. Rich and Superior CoI'd Poult de Soies, Es, — ,10 do, do.
(spotted) 2s(), — 25 do. Heavv Hlk. Sinrhaws from 2s.() to 3s,6
25 do. do. Sarsnets, from 2s.' to 2s. ('>.— 100 Dress Patterns Fig.
Black Canton Crapes at 6s. per pattern — 50 do. do. In mach,
7s.(5 — 50 do, do, P,rown,7s.6 — 50 pieces Black Canton Crapes
at Is. per yard — 20 do. Heavy Blk Turk .Satins (4-4 in width)
(is. 5 do. do. Italian LustriirgsSs. — 10 do. connnon tlo.4s. — lU
do. Fig'd an'l Plaid Sarsnets, 2s,G— 20 do, Grecian Shallys
of superior fabric and figures 3s. 0 — a few pieces Foulards at
5s. ' Also, Blk. Prown, Green, Lt. Blue, Pink and yellow
Satins. No. 414 Washington Street, Dec. 27th, 1334.

A GARDENER.

An experienced Gardener well acquainted with the duties of
his business in all its departments wishes a situation. Can pro-
duce good recommendations. Address J, B. at Ibis office,
Jan, 21,

ORCH.IRD GRASS.

ftUAMTIES OF A AVIPE.

When a man of sense comes to marry, it is a
companion whom he wants, and not an artist. It
is not nterely a creature who can paint, and play,
and sing, and dance. It is a being who can com-
fort and cotmsel him; — one who can reason, and
reflect, and judge, and discourse, and discrimin-
ate— one who is neat and prudent, and can assist
him in his affairs — lighten his sorrows, purify his
joys, and educate his children. Such is the wo-
man who is fit for a mother, and the mistress of a
faiTiily. A woman of the former description may
occa.sionally figure in a drawing-room, and excite
the admiration of the company ; but it is entirely

.1

New

nst r: ceived a quantity of this valuable Grass Seed — at thei
,0 Entrland Seed Store. GEO. C, BARRETT.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at g-i per aniiuin,
payalile at the end of the year — but those who pay within
si.x'iv days from the time oi' subscribing, are entitled lo a de-
duction of fifty cents,

[Ij=No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance,

AGENTS.

New York—G C. Thorborn, C7 Liberly-slrect.
Albany— Wm. Tiiorburn, 347 Market-street.
Philadelphia— It. ff C. I.andef.th, 85 Chesnul-slrcct.
Baltimore—]. 1. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmer.
Cincimiali—S. C. Pakkhukst, 23 Lower Market-street,
/■7«.?/i!nS-, N Y. — Wm. Prince ^- Sons, Prop. Lin- Bol. Gar
Middlebury. Vt. — Wight Chapman, Merchant,
//rtr//brf/— GooivwiN S,- Co, Booksellers.
Nea'lnir:n'0't—KKy:tiF.7.i:R Stedma.v, Bookseller,
Portsmouth, N. //.—John W. Foster, Bookseller,
.4i(!r«,s(a, Wc— WiLi.ARO Snei.l, Druggist.
Woodstock. Vl—i. A, Pratt.
«„;ri,w,i)/c.— WM. Mann, Druggist,

Halifax, N. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq, Editor of Kecorder.
.S7. Lovis—Gi-.o . HoLTON.

PRINTED BY TUTTI.E AND WEEKS,

No. 8, Sdiool .Street.
OEDEBS FOR TRINTING RECEIVED BY THE PUELISHEBt

JVEW EMGtAI^D FARMER

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agk.cultorai. \Vakkhouse.)-T. G. FESSENOEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTOIV, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 18, 1835.

NO. 32.

^■SSSiS^SWJS.lfWSiSl,

MR BLYDEBTBURGH'S ADDRESS.

Read at the annual meeting of the Rensselaer County
Agricultural Society, October 7, 1834.

Before eutering upon the subject before us,
it may not be amiss to take a slight review of the
circumstances in which we are placed at tlie time
of our meeting.

A being, possessed only of a theoretic know-
ledge of the human character, would be led by
every princi|)Io of justice and common sense, to
suppose that the highest honors, the greatest
wealth, and the deepest veneration of his fellow
creatures, were due to him whose talents and la-
bors produced the greatest sliare of the necessaries
and comforts of life. But we find the reverse of
this to be the case. We find, with very few ex-
ceptions throughout the world, from the earliest
dawnings of history to tlie present time, the ap-
plause of mankind, even to idolatrous worship,
bestowed on him who has destroyed the greatest
numbers of human beings ; and even princely
rewards and immortal fame to him who was most
successful in inventing the means to do it. W:^
find almost throughout the world, from the earliest
records of time to tliis day, the right of soil, ar'!
all the profits arising from the earth's cultivation,
monopolised by a few haughty and overbearing
idlers, wlio look down with insolent disdain oii
lim whose labors produce the bread they eat.
rhey consider the man, whatever may be his tal-
!nts or his genius, whose honest toils produce the
necessaries and luxuries which they enjoy in
(vasteful profusion, as a being altogether unworthy
)f respectful notice : and who holds the privilege

0 live and toil, on mere sufferance, through their
:lemeucy.

But, thank Heaven ! and the invincible spirit of
lur fatliers! we inherit a land where no such ab-
lorrent state of things exists; but where every one
) born to inherit and feel the dignity of human
aturc. Hero the honest farmer, as he wipes the
weat from his sun burnt brow, instead of cring-
ig and humbling before the insolent lord of the
lanor, fcars no intermediate being between himself
Jd the God who made hiu). The fruits of his labor
reallhisown — lie has no dread of the rapacity

an unfeeling ta.x-gathcrer — no jirivileged cler-

1 to demand the tenth of all his hard earnings.
ha labors to fertilize his grounds, to beautify

is dwelling, or to enrich and embellish it with
uits and flowers of every kind, he does it for
le benefit of himself and liis [)osterity.

Is there an agriculturist in America, who, un-
!r the.a;; happy circumstances, can want ambition

urge him forward in the march of iniprove-
ent — whoso heart will not f.el excited with
>ble ambition not to be behind his neighbors ?

I should hope there is not, for it is on this atn-
tioD and this emulation that the security of our

portant subject, to an audience, every one of whom
may, perhaps, understand it better than I do. But
the fountains of usefiil knowledge have never
been exhausted. No one is so penetrating as to
have learned everything. It is therefore jiossible
that /may advance some idea which may not
have occurred to the mind of every one here
present, and which it may be useful to know.
Trusting, therefore, to your indulgence, rather
than to my own weak and uncultivated talents, I
venture to proceed.

The emp'oymcnts which give subsistence to
mankind in civilized life, are of three classes —
agricullnre, manufactures, and commerce. These
are mutually useful and necessary to each other, in
order to produce the greatest good in society.
But it would be insulting the good sense of this
audience to attempt to prove what you all know —
that agriculture is the first in point of rank : and
that, though the others are entitled to respect and
protection, yet, that agriculture is the prime source
of national wealth and prosperity, and the basis
on which the others are founded. Wherever it
flourishes, mankind are furnished with the neces-
saries and comforts of life, and are comparatively
happy — where it languishes, or is wholly neglect-
ed, they are miserable and wretched. Look, for
instance, at Potosi, the greatest manufactory en
earth of gold and silver coin ; where, it is conj-
puted, that for centuries past, ten thousand dollars
have been manufactured daily ; but agriculture is
neglected, and the place presents an appalling
spectacle of wretchedness and depravity. Let
conmierce be the sole business, and we will find
nearly the same result.

We stand, then, on this ground, that agriculture
is the most noble human employment, and the
United States the only place where it is duly en-
couraged, and its merits duly appreciated. It fol-
lows, of course, that to be an agriculturist, is, in
point of usefulness (the only just criterion) the niost
exalted rank in human lile ; and that to be so in
the United States, or, as wc usually express/ it, to be
an American farmer, is to hold the highest station
in that rank. Who, then, can fail to feel his
heart expand with the glow of satisfaction on be-
ing addressed by that proud title ?

But there is no situation so happy but that the
person who enjoys it would generally wish to see
it improved. And this brings us to the great and
important question — is, or is not, the business
of agriculture, especially of agriculture in Amer-
ica, susceptible of improvement ?

In attempting to answer this question, I shall
appeal cither to facts susceptible of incontestable
proof, or to such theories as arc demonstrated be-
yond the power of controversy. " Facts are stub-
boru things" — a single fact in point goes further
than volumes of the finest theoretic reasoning. \{
my neighbor cn:i raise twice the quantity of any
vegetable tipon an acre wliich I can raise upon a
similar and adjouiing one — or if, in the same
time, and with the aauie expense, which I require

of twice the value — no farther proof can be want-
ed to show that my system of management need.s
improvement. If, in another country, in similar
climate and temperature, and whose primitive soil
is not superior to our awn, better crops and better
animals are produced, the conclusion is irresisti-
ble that our management is in fault, and needs im-
provement. To show that such injprovements
are practicable, ten thousand facts stare us in Xhi
face.

Whoever is acquainted with the agriculture of
this country, and has travelled in Europe, needs
no farther proof In England, where most farms
are rented by the occupier, the rent, with the taxes
paid to the government and the clergy, will
amount to inore than an average crop from the
same number of acres in the United States wouM
sell for. But we need not go to Europe. There
is scarcely a vegetable among the common pro-
ductions of this country, but some enterprising
firmer among us has proved, by experiment, that
the common yield is not one-fourth part of what
may be produced by the same labor upon the same
ground.

But so strong are the prejudices of education,
especially when confirmed by habit, and still more
so when that habit is strengthened by custom ail
arou' ,1 ua. -nnX not only in this country, but in every
other, and as well among ail other classes as agri-
culturists, in spite of the most brilliant examples
sfet by a few enterprising individuals, to entice
them on the road to improvement, mankind will
prefer to contince, age after age, in the footsteps
of their fathers. There are even some who are
professed enemies to every improvement, and who
not only ridicule, but utterly condemn as a dan-
gerous innovation, the slighest deviation from that
precise track which has been trodden " since time
tvhereof the memory of man runneth not contrary"
— as it is beautifully described by Cowper :

" Such (tupes are men to custom, and so projio
To reverence what is ancient and can pJend
A course of long observance for its u^c ;
That even slaurrif, though worst. of ills,
Because tranainitted down from sire to son.
Is kept and guarded as a sacred thing,"

>nous privileges depends,

And here, por.-nit me to apologize for my boh

S8 in presuming to address myself, on this im- ' to raise an animal of given value, be can raise one

To such people, to exhibit examples and state facts
are time thrown away. But tlie spirit of im-
provement, though subject to lethargy, and
prone to long protracted sleep, will not sleep
forever ; she also has her waking fits ; and the hu-
man mind, however confined and enslaved by
prejudices or by oppression, will at times avail it-
self of its own strength. At such a waking fit
Greece rose to a degree cf splendor which time
can never obliterate, and in such another the
United States are now towering to the yet un-
known summit of human glory. That blessed
spirit is now transccndently awake, and her influ-
ence is felt throughout, tind even beyond the limits
of the Christian world. The march is fairly be-
gun ; and I think I shall not be charged with un-
due national vanity, if I say the United States are
Tttfirt-b-njj in tbfl fj-ont rank. Within a century

250

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEBRVARY 18, 1835.

wish

assert

immediately preceding the present, greater im-
provements have been made in the useful arts
than \vere ever made in three or perliaps five een-
turies at any known jteriod lieforc. It is true that
agrieiiltur« lias not hitherto taken the lead in
thesi- advances. The more subservient meelianic
arts have fjone forward, as a cm-ps of faitliful
pion<>ers, to remove obstruetions and i)repare lii-
eilities, leaving agri.-ulture to move with slow, hut
becoming dignity, as the main body in the centre,
while commerce in flank and rear, closes the pro-
cession. To pursue this inetaplior a moment far-
ther, it is natural in taking np aline of march, to
ask where is the jjoint of destination and at what
times we shall arrive at certain stages on the way ?
Permit me to answer, if we pursue the course
which lies open and straight before us, (and there
is no obstacle in the way if we do not place it
there ourselves,) and the only point at which we
can rest satisfied to discontinue our perseverance
in improvement will be the greatest vegetable and
animal productions, and in the greatest variety
which nature will permit. The time will depend
on our industry and perseverance ; it may arrive
in twentvfive or fifty years, it may be a hundred,
and it may possibly lie never. But shoidd any
one here present be alive, and remember the do-
ings of this meeting fifty years hence,
that person to remember that I here
that, at that time, unless i)revented by some unfore-
seen national calamity, the agricultural produc-
tions of this country will be, from the same labor,
from twice to four times what they are at present,
and that they may as easily be so in twenty five
years as in fifty ; and there is not an individual
farmer, w!io, if he avails himself of the means in
Ilia power, may not effect the same increase of
profits in ten years. I will state the reasonings
which have led me to this conclusion, and some
• of the facts on which these reasons are founded.
The primitive earths of which soil is com-
pounded are so ft-w in number and so universally
<listributed, that whatever qualities may be found
in one acre, another acre may be mixed and tem-
pered so ne.irly to resemble it, that the difference
c-annot be told! It follows, of course, that what-
ever crop one acre has produced, if the soil of
another acre is made similar, it will produce the
same as tlie first, with the same treatment in a
similar season. Let this position be fairly under-
stood by any flirmer, and, as it ought to be, adopt-
ed as an axiom ; and let the fact be proved to his
satisfaction, tliat an acre of liis ground, properly
managed, will yield a hundred bushels of Indian
corn, with as little labor as it now yields twenty-
five ; and it would be an insult to common sense
to doubt his readiness to adopt the plan an<! to
profit by it. It is true, as I have already stated,
that early prejudices and the want of more general
diffusion of knowleilge cause accounts of remark-
able results in agricuhure to be met with disbelief;
but tliat increibility, like mist v.diich obscures the
the morning sun, will soon be overpowered by the
light of b-jtler information, and those who have
iloubted the facts be tiie foremost in [irofiting by
them.

I v/ill now lay before you a few uncommon re-
sults in agriculture, whiidi to some here present
may doubtless seem incredible, but every one of
which is susceptible of such proof as to put all
doubt at defiance ; and v.'hich, I hope and trust,
will soon become common to you all in your own
practice.

I will begin with Indian corn, as probably it is
the staple article of our country.

John Stevens, of Ilobokcn, has produced on
one acre 118 bushels and 2 quarts.

Eai-1 Stimson, of Saratoga, 896 bushels on 8
acres, average 112 bushels; and 900 bushels on
10 acres, average equal to 90 bushels.

In Pennsylvania, Joseph Evsus 136 bushels,
John Wolf 127 1-2 bushels, Samuel Anderson
123 bushels and 12 quarts, Isaac Vanvookens 120
bushels, Isaac Buckingham 118 bushels and 1
quart, James Glakey 113 bushels, Jesse Cooper
108 bushels, and Degrasse Jennings 120 bushels.
All these ajiplied for premiums at the same time,
in one and the same county, and each was the
average products of five acres. I could go on
with a long catalogue of instances, all perfectly
authenticated, of more than 100 bushels to an
acre, but will recite but one more. In 1831, Mr
Charles Bugbee, of Palmer, Massachusetts, where
the soil is decidedly acknowledged to be mferiorto
the soil of New York, obtained 540 bushels from
five acres.

But the astonishing results of good farming are
not confined alone to Indian corn. The richest
soil in the world, unless replenished from year to
year, will become so exhausted by successive
crops of wheat, that it will jnoduce no more ;
while the poorest land, by skilful management,
may, in aliout the same length of time, be made to
yield an abundant crop. Most of the land in the
eastern states produced wheat till it became worn
out by bad husbandry ; while in England, from
land which has been under steady cultivation
for more than a thousand years, 40 bushels of
wheat are only considered a fair crop.

It was stated last November, in the Poughkeep-
sie Journal, that E. Holbrook, Esq., had raised
780 bushels of jjink eyed potatoes from an acre
and that with little labor, mostly performed by the
plough, and that he had raised from another acre,
1,089 bushels of ruta baga turnips, weighing 42
pounds to the bushel, equal to 33 tons, 3 qrs. and
18 pounds ; and that the measure was made by
disinterested persons, who were willing to testify
to the production. And tlie same or similar im-
provements, in almost every agricultural produc-
tion, whether vegetable or animal, are the constant
and natural results of good management. Nor is
the advantage confined alone to increase of quan-
tity ; the quality of the articles, and, consequently,
the price in ruarket, is frequently enhanced in
nearly the same ratio. The produce of a well-
conducted dairy is sought for with avidity at an
advanced price, even when ordinai-y articles of the
kind will scarcely sell at all. In the article of ci-
der, when that which is common will not bring a
dollar a barrel, that which is first rate will general-
ly command cash at five dollars.

And even here, with increase of quantity, qual-
ity, and price, the farmer of talents and cnterprize
docs net stop. He reflects that to all these advan-
tages he can add variety to his stock of goods, by
introducing such foreign articles as arc adapted
to the climate where he is situ.ited. He reflects that
the vast sums of money which leave the country
annually for wine and silk — an expense probably
in which he himself is not exempt from bearing a
share — might not only be saved to the country,
but that he could thereby convert a tax into an
income.

We may view these things as problematical, and
even visionary, but we can find them confirmed

by successful practice within a day's ride in any
direction.

Will any one here believe that the next genera-
tion will be found plodding on in the same path
which their grandfathers trod — scratching over
an acre of sterile ground to get fifteen or twenty
bushels of corn ; and throwing their manure into
the river, or moving their barn in consequence of
its accumulation. The very admission of its pos-
sibility would be a libel on common sense.

But this change cannot be effected at once. It
must take jdace by gradual advances, as the day
follows the night"— at first faintly and doubfully
gleaming, while the stars shine with brilliancy,'
but climbing on by imperceptible degrees, soon
changes the gloom of night to the blaze of day.

But the clouds of superstition and prejudice,
which have rendered our night of ignorance still
more gloomy, are fast breaking away, and bright^
constellations are ushering in the perfect day of
improvement. A Buel, a Colman, and many
others,* may be considered, not only as stars adorn-
ing our yet benighted hemisphere, but as harbin-
gers of the glorious morning of science which is
soon to follow.

Science and art, which were designed by Nature
as twin sisters, for the mutual benefit and support
of each other, have been from time immemorial
alienated and estranged by the artifices of design-
ing men. But, thank Heaven I they are becoming
liaVi)ily reconciled. Science, tired of spinning
hypothetical cobwebs in secret, has at length
found out that she is indebted to her long despised
sister, not only for the common comforts of life,
but even for the instruments with which she makes
her discoveries ; and Art, finding herself no longer |
insulted, instead of groping in darkness, as hereto-
fore, is now making rapid advances in the perfec- 1
tion of her labors, as she pursues them by the
light of science. Every branch of the useful arte
is now assuming an improved character, as it
begins to be conducted on scientific principles:
but in no branch whatever is the knowledge ot
those principles of more importance than in agri-
culture.

The same overbearing spirit, which has hereto-
fore monopolized all the honors, all the respecta-
bility, and most of the weaUh, has endeavored
and still endeavors, to claim all the learning
We have two or three professions, which, howevei
necessary, (and I have no disposition to questioi
either their usefulness or their respectability,) can
not produce a single article even for their owl
subsistence, but which are with great cmphasii
styled the learned professions ; while the farmer
who feeds them, and who furnishes the material
to clothe them, is in grateful return greeted by th*
sweet-sounding appellation of clodhojiiier. Then
can be no shadow of objection to giving learninj
to the man who labors for our spiritual good — t
the lawyer, who settles our temporal di.sputcsj-
or to the physician who heals our nudadies.
why, in the name of common sense, is it nc

*Tlic list of those whose talents are devoted to th
improvement of agriculture in the United Slates is to
numerous to be here inserted, if wc iiosscsscd it; bt
Ihere is one individu-il whoso name it would bo an ur
pardonable disregard of merit to omit. Doctor II. Pn
KiNE, United States Consul at Campeclie, has devoted f
much talent, time, and money, to the subject, that it r
fleets disgrace on his country that he has not been in\>
encouraged.

VOIi. Xin. NO. 33.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

251

equally ncccss.ii-y for the fanner ? I would not
dispute vvitli either of these learned professions
for the monopoly of the dead languages, but for
the ever-living natural sciences — for mathemat-
ics, meelianies, chemistry, botany, and zoology,
and tlieir subordinate branches. I contend that
where the clergyman, or tlie lawyer, has one pro-
fessional occasion for their use, the farmer has
filly. By botany and chemistry, he learns the
physiology of his plants, the nourishment and
treatment they re(|uire ; and, by analyzing bis soil,
he discovers what is necessary to maintain and in-
crease its fertility. Zoology and natural history
teach him the characters and constitution of his
animals ; and mechanics, the structure and use of
his implements. In short, the whole business of
his life is a series of illustrations of the principles
of science, and his whole establishment is a sci-
entific laboratory.

[To be continued.]

Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq.

Dear Sir, — We think the point has at length
been attained of obtaining a substitute for the
Lima bean, suited to a more Northern climate
than that very tender variety. The prolific Lima
is of recent introduction and not having been cul-
tivated beyond the litnits of two or three gardens,
is absolutely unknown to the American public —
It is white or ratlier cream colored, nearly the
same size of the small Lima but exceeding it in
thickness, and has a peculiarly rich appearance,
which is verified by its quality. It fully equals,
and it is even contended that it excels, both the
other Lima varieties in richness, is at least two
weeks earlier, and its produce is far greater, — we
think that we m.ty say four-fold. Like the Lima
it is used as a shell bean and we think from its
various advantages it promises to rival that variety
even lierc and to supersede it in more Northern
latitudes. We do not invite applications for it,
having only a small supply of two bushels, but in
the Autumn of the present year all applicants can
receive such quantity as they desire. The Dwarf
Bonavista Bean also deserves particular notice for
Its remarkabie richness and delicacy, and may be
considered as holding the same rank in this respect
among the dwarf or bush varieties, that the Lima
does among the climbers. It is exceedingly prolific,
but we cannot say whether it will succeed as well
in a more Northern latitude as it does here and at
the south. Yours, very respectfully,

WILLIAM PRINCE & SONS.

Lin. Bot. Garden, Flushing, Feb. 13. 1835.

MAKING PORK.

We have long known that apples would fatten
hogs, but until we received the following commu-
nication, it had never entered our mind, that ap-
ple pomace could be succesfully employed for this
purpose. The statement of our correspondent
would have been more satisfactory, if the weight
and value of the hogs, in the spring, or previous
to their having been put up to fatten, had been
stated. There is little doubt, however, that the
apple pomace contributed csscutialy to augment
the quantity of ))ork, and the more so in conse-
quence of the cooking process, and so far as it
did so, was manifestly a clear gain. — Cultivator.

"While addressing you, permit me to give you
an account of my experiment on hogs this season.
On the loth October last, I shut up to fatten elev-
en hogs, about fifteen months old, and six shoats

which were pigged the I5th May last, having given
to the whole nothing during the summer but the
wash from the dairy, with a small orchard of
about an acre and a half of ground, where they
ate the premature apples that fell. I proceeded
to fatten them by steaming six bushels of small
refuse potatoes with fourteen bushels of apple po-
mace, and one hundred weight of buckwheat ca-
nal [bran,] the whole incorporated together while
hot from the steamer with a wooden pounder, ad-
ding to the mixture the dairy wash, and supplying
them with a plenty of charcoal and pure water.
They were divided into three lots, and closely
confined. I continued to give them this mixture
until nine days before they were killed, during
which latter period they were fed with corn.
They were slaughtered on the first of December.
The expense of fattening, and the product, of
pork, pigs, &c. are as follows :

30 bushels of small potatoes, at 2s. 6rf. $8 37i

8 cwt. buckwheat canal, 8 00

•21.J bushels corn given the last nine days, 14 43

Apples pomace, say 00 00

Total expense of food.

S30 SOd

Cr. By 36 cwt. 501bs. pork, at $5, $182 50

50 roasting pigs sold during summer 50 00
8 shoats sold alive, 12 00

4 do. on hand, worth 6 00

Deduct expense,

250 50
30 80

Balance, $219 70

Respectfully, THOMAS MIDFORD.

Ball Farm, Hyde Park, Jan. 1, 1835."

Geese. — Most of the farmers in this section of
the Island raise geese, or rather attempt to raise
theni. Owing to the want of attention, or a sys-
tem, they, like all domestic fowl raised by farmers,
are of no profit — consuming and damaging more
than they are worth. The male is allowed to run
with the female geese ; and, in consequence, they
often begin to lay their eggs so early, that it is
very difficult to keep them from being injured by
the frost. Generally, not more than half the eggs
hatch ; and the few and feeble goslings are left
exposed to all weathers, and soon die. As far as
my experience goes, I am of the opinion that the
gander should be kept from the flock imtil the
weather begins to moderate. The eggs should be
carried into the liouse every day as soon as laid,
and kept free from damp and cold until the geese
are ready for setting. They should be fed in their
pens, or not allowed to wander far in quest of
food. In fine, it only requires a little care and
judgment to raise a handsome flock of geese al-
most every year. Any fowl or animal that is
worth keej)iiig on a farm, is worth attention. — A'eip
York Farmer.

Potash for Manure. — Dear Sir: There is
an inferior kind of potash, which comes at 20s. to
22s. per hundred, which is used as manure at the
rate of 1 lb. per rod, either dissolved in water,
and sprinkled on in a similar manner to that in
which the streets are sprinkled in cities, or mixed
with earth and spread on with the shovel. I un-
derstand it is extensively used. Will you ask for
information on this subject through the Farmer .'

lb.] B. F, B.

Cooking Potatoes. — Of all things which na-
ture produces, through the patient industry of
farmers, there is nothing which is so agreeable to
the palate as the potato, nor any one vegetable so
universally esteemed ; yet this is so frequently
rendered unpalatable by the manner of cooking
it, that but comparatively few arc acquainted with
the real flavor oi' this esculent root. Lovers ol'
mealy potatoes will do well to attend to the fol-
lowing method, communicated to us by a lady of
this town, whereby potatoes of a year old may be
rendered as delicious as new ones boiled in the
common inan;icr. Peel them, put them into cold
water, and let them remain two or three hours :
then boil them in water which has been salted,
observing that it boils when they are put in ; pour
oft' the water when they are done, shake them
well for a short time, put them on the fire again,
and at the expiration of ten or fifteen minutes
they will be ready for the table. — Lancaster Gaz.

Raising Ducks an'd Turkeys. — In the Agri-
culturist of the last jear, appeared two articles,
one on the best mode of raising ducks, and the
other on turkeys. Two seasons have since passed
away, and the writer of this has been enabled to
test the efficacy of those directions, and, in every
instance that has come under his knowledge, they
have been attended with i)crfect success. The
directions for raising ducks were to feed them on
animal food and keep them dry. Individuals,
who have adopted this plan, have sent to our
markets from 500 to 700 ducks of the finest kinds,
and they have no diseases among them, and found
no difficulty in raising them.

Two or three individuals who have tried the
experiment of driving their turkeys, when young,
to a'distance from the liouse, where the greatest
number of insects were to be found, and feeding
and housing them in the manner directed by the
Agriculturist, have stated that they have raised
from 100 to 300 turkeys, and they have pronoun-
ced it to be a method which, of all others, they be-
lieved best calculated to be attended with success.
— Southern Agr.

Heat of the Earth. — M. Cordier has, for
many years, been engaged in making researches
into the interior of the earth, and he finds that,
departing from a peint 30 feet from the surface,
(the extent to which solar heat is communicated,)
the temperature increases 1 deg. F. for every 50
or 60 feet we go into the interior of the earth ; —
hence, if the temperature continued to augment
in this ratio, at the depth of a mile and three
quarters, or two miles, the heat would be equal to
boiling water, and at the centre of the earth it
would be equal to 450,000 deg. F,, or 4500 deg.
of WedgewQod's pyrmometer. Now 100 deg. of
Wedgewood is sufficient to melt all lavas and
most of the known rocks ; and according to this
theory, tiiis temperature exists at a depth of less
than a hundred miles.

Economical use or Nutmegs. — If a person
begins to grate a nutmeg at the stalk cud, it will
prove hollow throughout ; whereas the same nut-
meg grated from the other end would have
proved sound and solid to the last.

To SiAJN WOOD A FINE BLACK. — Drop a little
oil of vitriol into a small quantity of water, rub the
same on the wood, then hold it to the fire, until it
becomes a fine black, and when polished it will
be exceedingly beautiful.

252

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEBUtlART IS, 1S35.

SHBEiP UV II.L,INOIS.

T. G. Febsf.nden, Esq.

Dear Sir, — The I'ollowing letter of Mr Flow-
er to the Editor of thg I!liMoi^^ Advocate is of
great practical value to the farmers of the West,
and many of his suggpstions are applicable to the
management of sheep in other parts of the country.

The name of Flower is familiar to some of
your readers, as associated wilh IMr Birklicck in
the early settlement of Illinois, and his remarks
are entitled to confidence. I should, however, he
inclined to (jualify his opinion of the Com])arative
.idvantage in the culture of wool over that of beef,
pork, and grain. In Illinois it is no less the fact,
than in every other agricultural district of the
United States, that the interest of the farmer is
more certainly promoted by an attention to a va-
riety of ))roducts, which will in turn engage his
time through the year, than by an exclusive at-
tention to any one object ; — to say nothing of the
increased satisfaction that attends a reasonable di-
versity of employment. ,1 would scarcely allow
an exception from this rule, iu the case of the
Southern plantej-s, where the comfort of those
who perform the lahor is not a primary object ; —
since the impoverished and deserted condition
of many extensive districts is a satisfactory evi-
dence that no soil can sustain a culture of the
same unvarying crop without exhaustion.

Mr Flower's settlement is in the southwest
part of fllinnis, and is perhaps less favorably situ-
ated for a market, than the fine districts which lie
upon the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. At Van-
dalia, Alton, and St Loui.'?, the price of corn is
from twenty to twentyfive cents a bushel, wheat
forty to fifty cents, beef and ))ork three dollars a
hundred. The farmers in tliat vicinity, are all
remarkably thrifty, without raising one poimd
of wool beyond the consumption of their own
families.

I suggest these facts, not to detract from the
merit or the importance of Mr Flower's judicious
and praise-worthy enterprise as a wool-grower,
but to guard against the erroneous impression
which his statement is calculated to give, that this
is the only object or the most important one which
can engage a farmer's attention in Illinois.

To show the advautage that Illinois yiosse.sses
;is a grazing country, it is sufiicieiit to state that
not less than three fourths of its surface consists
of upland )nairie, which is generally dry and im-
dulathig. Cattle begin to feed upon them in
March and April, and the herbage continues fresh
through the severest drought until the hard au-
tumnal frosL'i coninieuce. The prairie grass
cut and cured on the last of September, and
sometimes as late a.s the middle of October, will
make good hay, although the earlier cut grass is
decidedly prcfera))le. With these advantages it
will readily be seen that beef can be better afford-
ed there at three cents a pound, than in ^few
Englan<l at three tinjes three. The .same advan-
tage holds good with regard to the raising of shcej).

W.

To the Farmers of the State of Illinois, on th<- import-
ance and practicability of producing iine Wool from
the wild herbage of tlie uncultivated prairie.
The produce of Illinois cl-.iofly consists of
corn, pork, and beef. As thes:; articles are raised
by every fai-mer in the Suite, they are reduced to
the lov.Tst possible price ; at a price too low to
allow of luiy hired labor in their productions.
<'orn ill many parts of the State is worth only ten

cents per bushel. Hogs and cattle are raised to
consume this corn, which in its original state will
not bear the cost of five miles land carriage. The
pork and beef when m.ide, is only worth two or
three cents per pound, and it costs this per pound
to convey them to New Orleans ! Thus a farmer
must give one half of his manufactured produce
(for beef and pork are manufactured from corn) to
carry the other half to market I It is time then
to .seek out some other article of produce of more
value, into which to turn our grass and corn ; —
that article is found in fine wool. Fine wool,
washed on the sheep's back rates at about fifty
cents per poimd in the western markets of Louis-
ville and Cincinnati. The markets of France,
England, and the eastern States, are open to us
for Wool, and three or foiu" cents per pound will
carry it to either of these places. To those who
may tloubt if our rich soil, coarse herbage and
warm summers, will allow of the production of
fine wool, I will give the result of my experi-
ence, after close observation, upon a flock of four
hundred sheep, bred and tended by me in this
State, and upon this farm for seventeen years, I
am now enabled to present to the citizens of Illi-
nois, a nativebreed of fine wooled sheep, sound in
constitution, compact in form, and clothed with
wool as fine as any produced by Spain or Saxony.
These valuable animals graze in the prairie in the
Spring, Summer, and Autumn, and are fed with
hay, and a small portion of corn in the winter.
They endure the heats of summer far better than
any, of the coarse wooled breed. The numerous
advantages to persons wishing to breed fine wooled
Sheep, from having a flock to resort to like this,
within the State, can be suflicientlj' appreciated
only by those who have, like myself experienced
the weary toil and heavy expense of importing a
breed of animals so tender as sheep, from foreign
countries, and naturalizing them to the food, soil,
and clhnate of this State.

I will now offer a few observations upon the
management of a flock by a Farmer yet unpro-
vided with some meadow and pa;^ture. I cannot
consent that our citizens should wait until they
have provided themselves with some grass, before
they begin to establish their flocks, when there is
more prairie grass burned and more corn sold at
ten cents per bushel than would yield an annual
revenue to the State of twenty millions of dol-
lars, if turned into sheep and wool. I,et a farmer
prOcm-e from fifty to two hundred ewes of any
breed in the best and cheepest way he can, then
put them to a fine wooled Ram, which will almost
double the quantity of wool the first cross. The
Ram should be put to the ewes in the last week
in October, and taken out before the first of Jan-
uary. The flock should be taken into the jirairic
by the first dawn of day, and there watched by a
lad until sunset. It will he well to buwi a piece of
prairie late, in order to jirocure green pasture, till
frost sets in. Shelter is necessary for sheep. A
shed twelve or fifteen feet wide and high enough
to walk imder, without stooping, is the best build-
ing for the purpose. This should be closed at the
back and ends, and left open to the South. The
lot in front of the shed should be an acre or more,
surrounded by a wolf or dog proof fence. A
rack should run down the back of the shed, and
a trougii should be placed under the racks to
receive the shelled com. Observe when the
sheep are feeding, if they can all get at the troughs
and racks at once — if they cannot, the weak

sheep will be starved during the winter. The
hay rack-'^ should, for convenience of foddering,
be built a sclose as possible to the front of the shed.
A ton of hay should be saved for every ttn sheep,
and a half ])int of corn per day, should be allowed
to each sheep — if the corn is cracked, so much
the better. Sheaf oats cut rather green, will an-
swer the purpose of both hay and corn. When
grass pastures are reserved for fall and winter
food, but little hay or corn will be wanted. Until
then, the sheep must be fed with corn early in the
autumn, so as not to let them sink in condition as
winter comes in.

The young sheep — land)s of the previous
spring, should be separated from the flock in the
FALL, and kept by themselves all the winter.
Care shoidd be taken that the ram does not get to
them till the following autumn, when they will
compose part of the ewe flock ; want of attention
in this particular, has ruined many flocks. Be
careful not to let the flock graze in the spring of
the year, in those ])arts of the prairie that have
been overflowed, whence green grass shoots first —
it will give them the rot. Take care not to drive
the sheej) fast, to and from pasture ; a flock driven
fast (that is, faster than their natural slow pace,)
will get poor even upon pasture — when a slowly
driven flock will get fat. The flock should not be
shorn before the last of May or the first of June,
and a week before shearing, the sheep should be
washed. Persons desirous of improving their
flocks, may obtain from the subscriber a single
Ram tor twentyfive dollars — if two or more are
taken by the same purchaser, twenty dollars
each ; and a few choice ewes for seven dollars
each. GEORGE FLOWER,

JVcar Albion, Edwards county, Illinois.

RAISING IRISH POTATOES.

Perhaps it is not generally known, that the
Irish potato has within itself two distinct quali-
ties of vegetation. Yet such, we are informed,
by an experienced grower of them on the banks
of the Ohio River, is the fact.

It will be remembered by every individual in
the habit of raising the Irish potato, that there is
great inequality in the time of their coming up,
Such as come np first, will have attained the
height of several inches, when others are just
peeping out of the ground. That in digging
early potatoes, some vines will have large pota-
toes, and others small ; yet all were planted on
the same day. This difference in the coming up
and growth of the potato, is produced by the
distinct germinating quality to be found in each.

To ascertain the truth of our theory, we will i
direct how the proof can be made. On looking'
at a potato, it will be found that at one end is a
stem like that of an apple, which is where it
was attached to the fibrous root of the vine. The
opposite end will be found to be studded with
eyes. Ciit your potatoes in the middle between
these ends, and then cut each end into as many
pieces as you have eyes, or to the usual size you
are in the habit of cutting potatoes for planting;
leaving at least one eye to each jviece. lie careful
that you keep the cuttings of each separate. Plant
Ihem in .separate rows or drills. It will be found
that the |)lanting from the end where the eyes-
are, will come up and be fit for use at least ten
days before planting from the stem, although all
are put in tlie ground on the same day.

This is an experiment easily tried. Wo have'

VOL,. XIII. NO. 33.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

253

not tested its tnitli oursclf, but iiitfud doing so the
pi-espiit spason. We hope it will be tried by oth-
ers, and the result coiiumiuicated for general in-
i'onnatiou. — Louisiana Jour.

MOUNTAIN SCENERY.

There is something in the wildness and sub-
limity of moiintaiii scenery, that tends to remind
us rather of eternity than decay. The perishable
works of man are tiowhere to be seen. No city
lies in gloomy ruins, to show the outlines of its
faded greatness ; no renmant of a sanctuary here
stands to show the worship that lias passed away.
We see no falling records of the glorious deeds
of those whose names are learnt in history's page.
We stand upon the mountain, and we scarcely
know that man exists upon the earth. This is
not the land where arts have died, or science
been forgot ; those rocks never echoed the elo-
quence of orators, or the song of the poet ; these
waters never bore the proud ships of the mer-
chant; the soil never yielded to man the fruits of
his industry. It is not here that the finger of
time can be recognised. In vain would he set
his mark on snows that never melt, or distiu-b the
fast bound form of adamantine ice. In vain he
stretches out his hand where the rushing torrent
and the waving waterfall, blest with an eternity of
youth, dash on their headlong course, regardless
of the blighting power that withers strength, or
lulls to rest the creations and the creatures of
mortality. Here may we pause, and say that time
has lost his power. Here may we view the faint
efforts of Time overthrown in an instant. Chan-
ges there are ; but the work of an hour has de-
feated the slow progress of decay. The lightning
of the thunder storm, the blowing tempest, the
engulfing flood, the overspreading avalanche,
have effaced from the surfitce of nature the ijii-
press of Time, and left nought in the change to
remind us of age. Surely there are scenes in
life which seem created to awaken in mankind
the recollection, that even time can lose its power.
Who will not feel the nothingness of the pleasures,
the cares, nay, even the sorrows of our petty span,
when, for a moment he dwells with his heart and
soul, upon the thoughts of an eternity 1 Yes, it
will sober the guy, it will comfort the grieved.

to the notion to apply vinegar simply, and have
found it to answer equally well ; I have had no
tetter on my hands for months jiast — when the
least speck appears, I (ouch it with vinegar, and
it is gone.

From this experience, I recommend therefore,
as a cure for the tetter, "strong vinegar and per-
severance in application." With a, view that fel-
low sufferers by this annoying complaint may be
benefitted, I hope you will publisli the above in
your paper. — Poulson^s Dai. Adv.

THE TETTER.

I have been troubled with this complaint on
my hands for perhaps thirty years. I have used
remedies prescribed bj' eminent physicians both in
this country and in Europe, and have used per-
haps twenty applicatious recommended in the
newspapers, or otherwise, but all without perma-
nent effect. In one instance I v.ent so far as to
cauterize the skin, but soon after the new skin had
hardened, the tetter reappeared. After a violent at-
tack of the yellow fever in the West Indies, all the
skin of my body peeled off — I was then in hopes
this would be an effectual cure, but no such thing,
like Monsieur Tonson, the tetter came again.

I had given up all hopes of ever effecting a
cure, when I noticed, some six or eight months
ago, in your, or some other paper, that Indian dye,
or blood root steeped in strong vinegar, would ef-
fect a cure. The remedy being so siinple, I re-
solved upon trying it, and found it effectual ; but
the blood root leaving an unpleasant stain upon
the hand, I too soon relaxed in the application
and the tetter began to reappear ; this brought me

The following Recipe for the cure of that for-
midable disease of the horse, called the Poll Evil,
is from the N. Y. Cultivator.

The Poll Evil. — As soon as the tumor ap-
pears, make a strong decoction of the root of the
meadow plant or vine, known by the name of
poison ivy, and sometimes by that of mercury ;
bathe the tumor with this decoction every day, as
hot as the horse will bear it ; and heat it in with a
hot iron. In a short time it will begin to dimin-
ish, and in six weeks it will wholly subside. A
very vahial)le horse of mine was attacked with
this disease last summer, and two months after
we first discovered it, were consumed in experi-
ments of various kinds, when I became discom-
aged, and gave up the horse as lost. The tumor
became appalling, so much so, that the best of our
fiuriers declined to tmdertake a cure, and advised
me to sell my horse for the best price that I could
get ; when shortly afterwards, I accidentally heard
of the above remedy, I tried it, apd with complete
success. No trace of the disease remains, al-
though when I commenced the application, the
horse was so bad that he could not drop
his head low enough to drink, unless he was
driven into deep water. I have no doubt the
remedy is a specific, if applied in time. How
long, before the tumor breaks, the application, to
be successful, must be made, I am not able to say

but the tumor on my horse must have been

three months advancing, before we commenced
our application.

As I am ignorant of veterinary nosology, I
hope you will give the technical name of the dis-
ease, and for the same reason I hope you will
give the botanical name of the plant which eflect-
ed the cure. *

I have the honor, to be your ob't servant,
IRA CLIZBE.

Large Steers. — Mr Henry W. Cushman, of
Hernardston, in the Franklin Mercury, sa\s:

I have this day weighed on my I'atent Scale, a
pair of beautiful twin steer calves owned by Mr
Jason Brown of this town. Their weight was
001 pouticis including their yolie, which probably
weighs iibout 20 pounds. They are ten months
old — of a bright red color, with scarcely a
white hair on them — and so near resemble each
other, both in size, shape and color, that the owner
finds it difficult to distinguish tliem.

There is nothing very peculiar in all this; — 'but
who has got another pair of twin steers — so large
at the same age — so handsome and so perfectly
matched ?

Causes of degeneration in Cattle. — 1
have often heard farmers say that their Stock ap-
peared to decline in spite of all the feed they
could give. This does not depend on food for a
remedy ; it is something founded in nature. .\ny
species of animal nature will decline in a few gen-
erations when propagated by the same family
blood. If they would know the remedy, they
must change their breeders, in part only ; no bull
nor boar should be allowed to range in the same
neighborhood more than three years, a bidl more
especially. This is verified by the numerous and
healthy calves in a new country. It is, however,
owing in part, to good range as well as a cross ot
blood. — Southern Planter.

Dung from Hens for Onions. — I was told,
Mr Editor, by a farmer, that the onion crop is the
most profitable that can be raised ; that manure
from the hen-house appears to be the specific one
for them. It must, however, be used very spar-
ingly to prevent it from burning up the joung
onions.

Can auy of the readers of the New York Far-
mer, inform me, if this dung is used extensively
in those to^vns of Connecticut where this crop is
largely cultivated ? I am a novice in farming
and gardening, and hear many things from those
in these pursuits, which I, in my limitc.l reading,
camiot find corroborated by additional testimony.
jVetc York Farmer.

Singular and most Important Invention. —
Mr Parker, of Syracuse, N. Y. has discovered
a composition which will harden like stone, and
yet may be worked in a soft state as easy as mor-
ter I Exposure to the weather causes it to pet-
rify and become actual stone, requiring a heavy
blow with a hammer to break it. Mr P. has re-
cently completed a section of Can.al as a speci-
men of that intended to bring water near N. York,
from Croton River. It may be cast in moulds in
the form of pillars, fire-places, vestibules, &c. and
is not dearer than brick. Its value is incalculable
for buildings, cisterns, &c. situate in wet or dam])
places. It is undoubtedly one of the most impor-
tant inventions of the day. The American Insti-
tute have awarded Mr Parker a gold medal. —
Troy Chronicle.

* The technical name of the disease is Poll-Evil—
the botanical name of the plant Rus toxicodendron, var.
radicans.

I observe in the 1st number of your imerasting
journal, an article, upon the application of Cotton
sprinkled with neats-foot oil to frozen feet. Froni^
the resuh of an extensive experience in the use ot
a remedy somewhat similar in its character I
have no doubt that, that remedy was as success-
ful as is therein described.

In my hands, bats of Cotton, moistened with a
mixture of Linseed-oil, and Oil of Turpentine
liave never failed to yield the most prompt ridiet
in all cases of Chilblains, tormentmg itcliinga, and
irritation arising f\-om the eflfccts of frost to the
limbs. Some discrimination is however necessary
in timing their application. They should never
be used until the frost has been extracted by hold-
ing the suffering part in water at 32 dcg. of Fah-
renheit.— Ohio Farmer.

About three teacups full of Sweet Oil drank
with warm water, is said to have produced in
Cuba, immediate relief in worst cases of Spasmo-
dic Cholera. It is worth a trial, for on this sub-
ject, we have a right, like drowning men to catch
straws. — Knoxville Register.

254

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PKBRUARir 18, 183S.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEB. 18, 1835.

COBIPLETE PARMER AND RURAL, ECONOMIST.

Gf.orge C. IUrrett and Russki.l, Oliiohnf. c^- Co,
have in press a iifw edition of ihe Com'plfie Farmer mid Rimd
Economist, by Thomas G. Ft'.sstNDKN, Eiiilor of ihe
New England Farmer, 7-evised and improved with considerulile
additions. The first edition was pnhhshed last season, and
was .sold within a few months of the pubhration. This rapid
sale, ajid the sentiments universally expressed by those who
have read the work, show that the public plaee a high value
upon it. The new edition will be ready for delivery about he
first of April.

February 18, 1835.

[For the New England Farmer.]
COI,D AVEATHER.

Mr Fessenden t— Tlie fact stated by Mr Brcck, in
your paper of January 14, respecting the difference of
cold on the liigh and low land in still cold weather, are
undoubtedly true, although I am not aware that it has
been generally known. I have conversed respecting it
for many years, but have found almost all persons in-
credulous.

My house is elevated from fifteen hundred to two
thousand-feet above tide water. And I learned from
my feelings, many years since, that in still cold weather,
the cold in the night and early in the morning was
much more intense in the valleys than on the high
lands. I have many times left my house at sunrise,
when tlie cold was not uncomfortable, and in an hour
descended a thousand feet, where 1 found the cold very
intense. I have as often, in very cold still evenino-s
when the weather was constantly growing colder, as-
cended from the same valley, when I was almost frozen,
and constantly as I ascended grew warmer until I
came to my liousc.

Every person acquainted with the business of making
maple sugar, knows that frost is necessary to the man-
ufacture of it. The sap will not run from the tree
more than twentyf(»ur hours after it is thawed, until it
is again frozen. In the sugar season, which is in this
country from the middle of March to the middle of
April, the trees are generally frozen in the night and
thawed in the day, when the sap runs. In one fourth
part of the yetir, there are many days in succession
in which no sugar is made very near me from the
w ant of frosts. Whereas, at the same time, people living
not more than si.t hundred rods distant, but on ground
a few hundred feet lower, make it constantly with
gre.it success. This happens only in still, calm weather.
This circumstance capnot lie, however variant and
improper tlie construction of thermometers may be.

I now come to the observations made on different
tiiermomoters, and I can only compare those in this
vicinity, except so far as they have been communicated
from different places tliis winter.

■ I will first remark that my thermometer generally
indicates a leas degree of heat, or greater d<'gree of
cold tlian the thermometers in the valleys in this vi^cin-
ity. The average dift'cri'iice for this year is si.v oi
seven degrees.

1 see it stated

in your paper of Jan. 14, that the

thermometer at Montpelicr, in Vermont, stood on Dec
"Joth, in tlie morning, at 28 degrees below zero. Of
this ] had heard before. Mine, which is also Fahrcn-
lieit, stood at 11 degrees below; a difference of 17
degrees. I am eleven miles ftoni Montpelier, and
elcvat<;d probably twelve or fifteen hundred feet above
tliat place.

At 9, P. M. of January 3d, my thermometer was at
20 degrees, and at sunrise of the 4th, it was 23 degrees
below zero. .At Montpelier that morning, the mer-
cury was frozen, as it was also in another valley
four miles from me. In another valley, in a different
direction, five miles from me, the thermometer wag 40
degrees below zero. This last thermometer, by a com-
parison ranges exactly with mine. The two last men-
tioned valleys are, probably, a thousand feet below me.
On tlic morning of January 11th, my thermometer was
14 degrees above zero. In the valley five miles from
me, it was 11 degrees below at the same time, and the
same at Montpelier, a difference of 25 degrees. On
the morning of January 12, mine was IG degrees above
zero. In the valley five miles from me it was 10 be-
low ; a difference of 20 decrees.

Mr Breck put his thermometer, on the morning of
Jan 10, at 14 degrees below zero, mine was 7 above,
although two degrees further north.

After the cold morning of the 4 th, my thermometer
the five succeeding mornings stood as follows:
Jan 5, zero. For a fortnight, commencing before the
cold weather, and ending after it, the
air was unusually still.
G, 14 below.

7, 10 do.

8, 12 do.
0, 1 do. Tlie thermometer on this day, Jan. 0th.

was 10 degrees above zero at 1 P. M
My tliermometer is at the north end of my liouse,
facing directly to the north, and three feet from the
ground.

During the last six years the thermometer has been
lower two or three times in each winter in still cold
weather in the valleys than mine was at the same time.
But the difference that has come to my knowledge, has
never before this winter been more than thirteen de-
grees.

There has been but one colder morning here than
that of the 4th of Jan. for the last six years, and that
was the 19th of Jan. 1S33. The cold was then 2G° be-
low zero.

As to the cause of the unusual depression of the
mercury in tlie valleys, which Mr Brcck seeks to learn,
I do not profess to have much knowledge. However I
am willing to show you my opinion.

It is known that the air is generally heavier, and
more dense in the valleys than on the adjacent liio-h
lands, and it is therefore capable of containing more
cold and frost.

As to the other branch of Mr Breck'e inquiry,
" Whether if there had been any wind the cold Sunday
morning there would have been any difference between
the temperature of the hills and valleys.'" This question
I answer in the affirmative, without any hesitation. But
the difference would have been the other way, if there
had been much wind. It is a question that cannot be
settled by theory, but it may by facts. And the facts
which 1 shall adduce will show that the cold, in a cold
windy time, is greater on the high lands that in the val-
leys by several degrees.

From observations I have made for several years past,
I have found that my thermometer has stood in the
morning in very cold windy weather, eight or ten de-
grees lower than those in the valley before alluded to.
Indeed, whenever the thermometer is below the freezing
point, and the wind strong, the cold is greater liere than
it is in the valleys. But the extent of the difterence
depends on the intensity of the cold, and the strength
of the wind. And a greater difference in sucli cases
than ten degrees has not come within my knowledge.

and then the thermometer on the high lands was 20 and
22"^ below zero, and that in the valleys 10 and 12" below.
I think the cause of this difference is not so easily
accounted fotas in the other case. If it should be said,
as I have often heard said, that the high wind blows the
dense cold air to the high lands, how would the less
dense and warmer air descend into the valleys to take
Its place > This would be against the laws of gravitation.
[To lie continued.]

Irish Oats ..— .\ correspondent in Burlington, N. J.
asks, " Have Irish Oats been successfully intioduced into
this country .'" We are not acquainted with any such
oats, and should be obliged if any of our friends would
give the information requested.

The Addressof MrBlydenburgh,with which our paper
of this day commences, will be found interesting, and
"^vill well reward a diligent perusal."

Splendid Boic^uet.— The Messrs Winship exhibited
at the Horticultural Ptooms this morning, one of the
most elegant bouquets that has rejoiced our sight for a
long season. It was composed of twentycight varieties '
of beautiful flowers, now in bloom at their conservatory.
We may specify as among the choicest. Aloe variegata,
Aloe radula, Clerodendrum fragrans, Metrosideros lan-
ceolata, Calla ethiopica, Blclia hyacinthina. Iris chinen-
sis, Justicia CiErulea, Pelargonium comptum, and Rivina
huuiilis. It was delightful to look on such an evidence
of the riches of our Green Houses, and an increasing
fondness for the cultivation of plants, — the most inno-
cent recreation ever indulged in by man or woman.

Transcript, litli inst.

Four men were burnt to death in a camp in Planta-
tion No. 4, Maine, on the 5th inst. One of the men
escaped from the flames and ran two miles, his clothes
being burnt from his body. He was badly frozen before
he found shelter, and died in a few hours.

Mr Barnum, of Michigan, lost a son a short time
since by hydrophobia. The boy was bitten by a dog
more than two years ago, but had experienced no symp-
toms of the disease until a day or two before he died.
He continued some hours after the paro.xysms com-
menced, in the most horrible state, and at last expired.

To Subscribers. — In order to keep our files com-,
plete, we shall in future continue subscriptions for
even years or for six months, so that persons not giving
notice of their intention of discontinuing the Farmer
previous to the commencement of another year, will be
considered for at least the next six months. This ar-
rangement is the more necessary as we have frequently
had subscribers take three or four numbers on a new-
year, and then inform us they wish to stop.

THERBIOMETRIfAlj.

Range of Thermometer at the Maverick House, East
Boston, in a shaded Northwesterly exposure, free
from the wall.

FEBRUARY, 185.5.

7, A.M.

1, P. M

9, r. M.

Mean

Mo.NUAY, 0, - - .

8

24

17

Iti

Tuesday, 10,

8

37

17

21

Wednesday, 11,

!)

32

2G

22

Thursday, 12,

18

2G

23

22

Friday, 13, -

23

30

3(;

33

Saturday, 14,

3G

20

20

28

Sudday, 15, -

10

18

17

15

VOI,. Xin. NO. 33.

LUCERNE, or FRENCH CI.OVER.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

»,.^ arhcle. of lorp,2;n inlroducl on h,ivR over succeeded so
yvellaslhis valuable Clover ; many of ll,e lirsl Agricuilurisis
in our country have, and slill cominue lo culiivai? ii will, i„.
creasins: success. J. Huel. Ksq. of Albany, has eivon ii a liir
Inal and is fully satisfied of its uiiliiy a„d ei-onomv to the fan,,-
or; alsn, V. Livingston, Rsq, of Gieeiishurs-h, N'Y 'I'he f.il-
lowine-,s Iron, James Byrd, Esq. Flushing, Long Island, to G.
C I Imrliuin, Esq. " '

" Flushing, 2d mo. 183i. Respected friends :-I now hand
^""ToSf "?'■■','■. ''""*-'™'"""'""' ' managed my Lucerne.

IHm. 1 tins spring sowed 20 lbs. of seed on my wheal
about the l.me cinver is uiunlly sown, and harrowed it bolli
ways w,lh a sliarp heavy iron loolh harrow, li came up well,
and p™lnf«l three good crops of hay the following year

IbJi. Harrowed the lot three limes over, and, ii'i order to
see whether n proved injurious, 1 had pan of ii done si.x times

effect, thn .1 kdled nearly all the weeds and natural grass, and
was very beneficial to the Lucerne.

"1833. Had it well harrowed again this spring, and had
three good crops of hay. 1 weighed part o( the first crop afier
It was well cured, and found it produced nearly two and a hall
tons per acre.

"The harrow ought to be made in two parts, and hung too-eth-
er w.lh hooks . nd eyes, it being much easier to clear them ?rom
grass than when made in the usual way, and, in my opinion are
much belter lor all purposes ; it ought to be so constructed as
(or the teeth not lo lollow each other, lie careful to pick up the
stones after every harrowing, and it would be well to harrow it
after every mowing. Light, dry land is best for the grass
Unless the land is very level, 1 think it would be best to place
It ,n ridges twenty feet wide. If sown in ridges, it ,nust be al-
ways harrowed the long way. The clover o'^^ighl lo be .aised
e.ghl or ten inches above the harrow, in order that it may run
level; otherwise .1 will injure the plants. 1 had mine made
w,lh notches, to regulate the height. 1 am convinced that ihe
best way to prepare land for Lucerne is lo plough in vlenli, of
manure m the spring, and plant it with corn, having it well
ploughed and hoed, so as to be kept perfecdy clean In the
tall alter tak,ng of! the corn, sow wi eat, manured with ashes "

J he seed now offered is what is called liicrne cln Provenre
which .simply means that it is the Pmveno: seed, froni Prov-
ence, the linest Lucerne country in France.

In order to give this valuable Clover the widest circulation
we have reduced the pnce to 25 cents per lb. _ was formeru'
ol.^ cents.

On hand as usual, an e.vlensive collection of garden field
*''°- "'• New England Farm>:r Office.

2.55

MORUS MULTICAULIS.

Trees of the above new variety of the .Mulberry for sale hv
the subscriber at gW per hundred, go per doze.f, and 50 el^
each, being about six (eel high. Orders solicited
. '•^'''- 'S- GEO. C. ISA KRF.TT.

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

For sale at this office, one complete set of the New EnHand
tarmer comprising twelve volumes, nenlly a d well bound
and perlect. I'rice $3 25 per volume, cmh. Feb. 18

ROCHESTER SEED STORE^

Rkvnoli.s Sr li.iTEH.AM, having established ihrmselves in
he heed and Nursery business, now oflbr lo ihe public a very
large a d superior assortment of Gar.len, Field and Flower
seeds. Garden I ools, llorlicullural Implements. Hooks elc
this is'l'l 'l"''\f *««''* '^ '■"i'-'^ly "e^v, having been pu,clias;d
this lall, directly of the growers and importers, and comprises
many r.ye and valuable varieties, never before introduced into
tills section of country.

IVlerehanls and others supplied with assortmenis of Seeds for
retailing, eilher by the box or by weight, al a liberal discounl
Fl«,tic''' of Grass Se?ds, Peas Beans, Hemp,

Catalogues furnished gratis, on application
ETA Green House, Horlicullural Garden and Nursery are
connected wiih the establishment, and all orders for s'eeds!
I ants, I rees, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Bulbous Roots, etc.wil
meet w,ih prompt attention
Kochesler. Dec. 23. 1834.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED ^VIT1I GREAT CARE, VVEEKLT.

STEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST

..l?-^?!^',:^ ^> BARRETT, Boston, has now in ^ress, and
wil publish in a few weeks, ihc second edition, greatly enlar<.pd
and improved, of U,e NEW AMERICAN OKCHXrdIST
or an account of the most valuable Iruils of all' climates'
adapted to cultival on in the United Slates, with Iheir history'
uses, modes of culture, management, &e. Also, useful vene-
tables ornamental loresi trees, shrubs and flowers, silk bees
&c. By U iLt.iAM Kenrick. '

The work contains a description of all the finest varieties of
fruits known w,th the,r history, imporiaut uses, modes of cul-
ture &c. No pams, no labor, or expaiise^has been snare.l to
render the w^ork as perfect as possible. Included in the list of
fru.ts. ,s a class for the South, comprising the Olive, the Ban-
ana, the Orange and nearly all the tropical fruils, which eilher
may be, or are now successfully cultivated in Louisiana iMis

the tTopics Theory o the growth of trees, modes of propa-
gation, gralting. inoculating, pruning. &e. Various ellVctiial
modes of rendering trees productive by girdling, debarking
,1, " "f P™"'"?. .'Iwarhng. quenouilles, c^c Remedies for
he maladies to which they are subject from insects and other
TrT' '^'^°A,''«^"'Pl">"5 of the most Ornamental Trees,
3l^rubs, and Flowers, and a select, or recommend list of

The improvements in this edition and Ihe addiiions will be

S! ? "•? " 'V^"'"" '''■"^ P'-''- ^" 'I"- 1""-"' ••""1 most
;m nent writers of Europe which have come to han.l. au<l the
.rst rale sources hav„,g been carefully consulted, and the ex-
perience of^ the most intelligent of our own country. The
escriplive list of new Flemish Teirs. allhough so pl.rfect i,,
lel^i.rmer edition IS greatly improved in this, with the many
dd.tinns especially of those new kinds so lately pr ved in the
^ard,., of ,he London Horticultural Society and described by
rIr'°",V ^Iso a chapter on '•Climaie;" another chap-
>r on Ihe " Useful Qualities of Fruits;" another chapter on
Modern, or Landscape Gardens,- ami ihc whole class, f
se lu Vegetables ,s now adde<l, and all that relates to them.
th,s are meluded many new and imporbiul kinds nol yet to
I? found ,n the works usually devoted lo these subiecis ^
.„f ,",":'' "'1' '■""•?'■" ^"'"e few en;;rayings and ab^ul .100
ges, 12mo It will be executed in good s.yle, and haiid-

mely hound, at the low price of one dollar. "
ireb. 18.

IV ANTED

To hire from three to five years within three or four miles
of l.oslon market a Farm from ten to thirty acres of land with
a good dwelling house and other out buildings. For informa-
tion apply to No. 56 Faneuil Hall Market.

.Ian. 28.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS.

Of siiperior tliic/mcss with every quality of Window <?/««
for sale b.v l-ORLVG S, KUPF£R,^No. 10 Merchaitt^Row
■''"'"■ -■^- 2mis.'

NEW ENGLAND SEED STORE.

AliiK Agricullural and Horticultural H'arelwrse, connect-
ed with the New England Farmer the subscriber con'linues the
Seed Eslabhshmenl, and now offers lo dealer. Gardeners
and Ihe public generally an unrivalled collection of '

GARDE.^l, GRASS, and FLOWLR SEED*
compris.ng unusual fine varieties and of undoubted quah'ly and
ulah y — being raised under the particular direction and ex-
pressly for this establishment. *

Garden Seeds in boxes assorted for dealers from 10 to 100

nrollt^arrp'ricTs^'" "" '°""''' ''^'^"^^ '"" ^""'"^ ^' "'-V

gaMe^af^f rich.""'""'"^ ^ """ ^-'^'"'-"' •"- P^'-"=
300 to 400 choice varieties of FLOWER SEEDS in G cent
papers — twenty papers for ,gl,00.

Repair* *'""'* "' '""^ '°"^" "'^''"" P''"" "' ^^holesale and

fruit ami Ornamental TREES, Grape Vines. Plants and
Koots supplied at one day's notice.

Just published, a Catalogue of 80 pages which will he sent
,gra(K to customers. GEO. C. BARRETT

.Ian. 21.

.Apples, Assets, ....

Beans, while

Beef, mess, inew)

Cargo, I\o. I. . .

prime, . . . _

Beeswax, (American) .
Bl'tter inspeclcil. No. 1, .
Cheese, new milk, . . . ,

skimmed milk.
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
Flax, .America,,, . . . .
Fla.xseed, none.
Flour, Genesee, . . cash
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf',
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white, " .
Rye, northern,
Rarley, . . . .

Oats, nor hern, . (prime)
HAV,beslEngl,sh, . .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, ....

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality (new) .

2d quality . . . .
Lakd, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, 1st sort,
Leather, s!aughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
LiniE, best sort, ....
Pork, Mass. inspect, extia clear, .
Navy, mess, ....
bone, middlings,
.Seeps, Herd's Grass, (new) .
Bed Top, northern, .
Red Clo\'er, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle, .
Tallow, tried, ....
Wool, prime, or Saximy Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4ihs do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed.

f Pulled superfine.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
bairel

bushel

ton

gallon
j>ound

FROM I

2 60

1 75

10 25

8 00

6 75

20

14

MULBERRY AND SILK.

COBB'S Treatise on the Culiivaiion of the Mulberry, and

"f7 N 'e- 1^"" "" ""P'"™'' f'li^ion- For sale at the office
of the N. E. Farmer. Price 50 cents.

■'""■ -'■ GEO. CJi^.\RRETT.

HERDS GRASS, OR TIMOTHY SEED.

200 Bushels Herds Grass Seeds, growth of 1834 of very
good qualily and unusually bright and clean, just received and
lor sale at the New England Seed Store, 51 & 52 North Market

''^'!"'^- _ GEO. C. CARRE ri'.

Jan. 7.

Z -z 1st Lambs,
-= < 2(1

BREMEN GEESE.

For sale, a few pairs of fine Br men Geese, by

GEO. C. B"VRRETT.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEEDS.

Just received at the New England Seed Store, 51 & 5-1
North .Market street, , ■ iv. ^_

A qu,antity of fresh and genuine While Mulberry-seed, from
one of the greatest Mulberry Orchards in Conneciicut, w.ain n^
ed new and good, directions accompanying each package.

Dec. 31, I<,o4. GEO. CBIRRETT

do.
3d do,
, 1st Spinning, .
Soulhern pulled wool is generally 5 cts.
less per lb.

3.^

4fl

35

9

1 25

556

5 37

550

525

68

65

67

83

63

4fi

17 00

13 00

14 00
37
11
10

9
7
19
10
16
18
27
25

300
225
10 50
8 75
7 00
23

cask

75

barrel

17 00

"

16 00

11

8

buslirl

225

"

75

pound

''

2.5

cwl.

750

jmund

60

■'

50

u

45

"

38

'*

32

"

38

"

50

"

40

it

30

(t

23

It

35

17

9

6

45

38

10

137

5 62

5.50

5 62

5 37

70

68

68

85

65

47

20 00

15 00

16 (K)
42
12
11

u

U
IS

20

30 .
27
I 00
13 00

8 53
250

87

31
800
63
.58
50
42
36
40
55
45
33
2.1
40 .

PROVISION MARKET

KHTAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern,
southern,
Pork, whole hogs,

PoULTIiy, .

Butter, (tub) .

hiinp
Kggs.
Potatoes,
CiDEK, (new)

pound

11
3
6
10
14
18

dozen

18

bushel

.37

barrel

2 75

12

9

7

12

17

20

■ 20

SH)

300

G.ARDENING.

Francis Obershelf, German by birth, 32 years of a-^e
having a small family-three years in this country— he iTas
aciuired a competent knowledge of English, and wishes a sit-
uation in Boston or ils ^ icinity. Having, both in Germany and
the United States, given his attention exclusively toeardenin.'
, ii''^.""/'.''"'V,S,''S''^'"S ^alisfaclion to h s employers. Direct
to^^OGARDENER, Providence, R.L Feb 13

FARMER WANTED.

A person to take the care and mana«,nenl of a small farm
in the vicinity of Boston. To one wL understands farming
an can bring good recommendations, liberal encouragement
"ill he given. Feb. 18.

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoNDAv, Fe«. 1G, 1S35.

[ Reported for tha Daily Advertiser 4. Patriot.)

At maikot 4 70 Beef Cattle, 10 Cows and Calves, and
500 Sheep.

Piuces. Beef Cattle — We continue the prices quoted
last week, viz. two or three yoke extraordinary fine at
something more tlian our highest quotations; prime al
33 a 34s 6d ; good at 30 a 32s Gd ; thin at 25 a 28s Cd.

Coics and Calves— $Q0, 2.5 and 27.

.Sheep— We noticed the sale of one lot at 19s .6d each ;
also lots at 27, 30, 33 and SGs.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

FEBRUARY 18, 1835.

aassS'SSSSLJE.^

PEMAI-E FAITH.

BY MISS L. E. I.ANIION.

Slio loveJ you when tlie sunny liglil

or Ulis3 was on your brow ;
That bliss has sunk in sorrow's night,

And yet — she loves you now.

She loved you when your joyous lone

Taught every heart to thrill ;
The sweetn'^ss of that tongue is gone,

And yet — she loves you still.

She loved you when you proudly stept,

The gayest of the gay ;
That pride the blight of time has swept,

Unlike her love, away.

She loved you when your home and heart
Of fortune's smile could boast ;

She saw that smile decay — depart —
And then she loved you most.

Oh, such the generous faith that grows

In woman's gentle breast;
'Tia like that star that stays and glows
Alone in night's dark vest;

That slays because each other ray

Has left the lonely shore,
And that the wanderer on his way

Then wants /icr light the more.

CHINESE CUSTOMS.

China Sea, July 7, 183!.
I am now on my way from Canton to Singii
pQre; for which movement yoti will probably
liave k'arned the reasons before this reaches you.
The imssage at thi.s season of the year is long:
we have been out more than four weeks and shall
not probably reach Singapore in less than two
more. I sjicnd my time chiefly in the study of
(.'hinese, but not to the best advantage, as I have
no teacher. ... I send you a few lines from
my common-place book. I inserted there from
time to tinio a notice of such peculiarities of the
Clhinesi; as happened to attract my attention.
They will amuse your readers, while they ac-
<|uaint them witli this strange people's character.

1. The Chinese suppose the abdomen to be
the scat of the mind — the place of thought ; wo,
the head.

•2. They make the left hand the place of hon-
or ; wc, the right.

3. They play shuttlecock with the foot; we,
with the hand.

4. Thi-y uniuiturally compress the feet of fe-
males for the sake of beauty ; we, the waist.

.5. They change the out<'r garments most fre-
quently ; vve, those next the body.

6. Their color for mourning is wliitc ; ours,

black.

7. They give ladies the lowest place ; we, the

highest.

8. Among them a widow must obey the old-
est son ; among ri.", the son must obey the widow.

9. Wo provide for the living poor ; they, for
the dead — provide them collins and a grave.

10. They regard the emperor's happiness and
that of other rulers as the great object to be
sought ; we, the people's.

11. Their nurses carry children upon the
back ; ours, in the arms.

12. When they meet and salute a friend, they
joiirand shake their own hands ; wc, each oth-
er's.

13. They consider it polite to be covered — to
wear a cap at a table and in company ; we, to be
uncovered.

14. They drink (wine) at the beginning ot a
feast ; we, at the end.

1.5. They drink wine hot ; we, cold (if at all.)

16. They take the principal dish (rice) last ;

we, first.

17. Among them, the traveller iurnishes a bed ;
among us, the inn-keeper.

15. Among them, the buyer furnishes scales ;
among us, the seller. (Every one carries his own
scales to market for fear of being cheated.)

19. They sell wood by weight ; we, by meas-
ure. (So with many other articles.)

20. They read and write perpendicularly ; we,
horizontally"; — tlipy from right to left ; we from
left to right.

21. They place the text at the bottom of the
page, and the notes or comments at the top ; wc,
vice versa.

22. They wear the beards long and shave the
head ; wc, vice versa. (They, however, leave a
circular space about three inches in diameter on
the crown unsliavon, and wear the hair braided
and dangling on the back.)

23. Among them, thousands die of eating and
drinking too little, because they cannot get food ;
amonn- us, of eating and drinking too much.

21."' They say that men are by nature good ;
we, that they are evil.

25. Among them there is want of work to be
done ; among us, of men to do it.

26. They despise priests and lawyers, (iTjr
theirs are despicalile ;) we honor them.

27. They worship the serpent ; wc kill it.
This list might be greatly extended; but the

above will serve as a. specimen, and tend to show
in some degree, how vastly the Chinese differ
from the people of the west. — Vt. Chron.

A Sunday in Geneva. — Today being Sunday,
the shops are all closed as hermetically as in Lon-
don. Fruit, vegetables and flowers beautiful and
abundant, are the only things exposed for sale.
The churches (we looked into three or four) were
crowded ; all the females, of whatever rank, with
the exception of fbtn- or five, wore the white veil
of soft muslin, plain or embroidered, thrown over
the hair; the efitjet of this simple head-dress is
singularly graceful and becoming. We remarked
many fine eyes, and soft complexions of a pale
but rich brown, (a kind of coloring that is very
beautiful when the roundness of the contours
indicate health,) but no head that could be called
really handsome, — agreeable ecuntenances, and
graceful deportments, but nothing that wrote itself
on the memory. 4 Ladifs Reminiscences.

VV.-.v(

THE DEATH OF THE YOUNG.

Beautiful is that season of lile when we can
say in the language of scripture, "Thou hast the
dew of thy youth." But of these flowers, death
gathers many. Ho places them upon bis bosom,
and his forni is, changed to something less terrific
than before. We learn to gaze and shudder not ;
for he carries in his arms the sweet blossoms of
our earthly hopes. Wc shall see them all again,
blooming in a happier land. Yes, death brings
us again to our friends. They are waiting for us,
and we shall not be long. They have gone before
us, and arc like the angels in heaven. They stand
uiion the borders of the grave, to welcome us
with the countenance of affection, which they
wore on earth, yet more lovely, more radiant,
more spiritual. Death has taken thee, too, sweet
sister, and "thou hast the dew of thy youth."
He hath placed thee upon his bo.som, and his
stern countennnee wears a smile. The " lar
country" seems nearer, and the way loss dark, fiir
thou hast gone before, passing so cpiickly to tliy
rest, that day' itself dies not more calmly. And
thou art there waiting to bid us welcome, when
we shall have done here the work given us to do,
and shall go hence to be seen no more on earth. —
Professor Lon;jJ'cllow.

FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAI. TREES, PLANTS, &.C.

NuKSKKV uf WILLIAM KE;\UICK, io
Nkwton, i\L'VSS. b\ miles from lloslon by the
Aremie, and Is a mile from tke Worcester Rail Road.
Tills eslal>lishmenl now oompacily covers 18 acres; and
coniiirisPi liie seleclions of llie lines! kinds of Tears, Apples,
Ihcirics, Peaches, I'lum^ ■ I^eciarincs. Apricots, Almonds,
Quinces, Grape Vines, Curraiils, liaspbcrrics. Gooseberries,
and Mulberries, including llie (; incse Mulberry, or MoROa
MuLTicAULis, so cclebraled lor silk ; Slra«beriies, Figs,&c.
No pains, no labor, or expense has been spared, ui oblain ng
Ihe most celebrated varieties » liich have here been i ongregated
from divers climales and laliiudes, and from firsl-ralesources
— seleclions adapted to every sedion of llie Union. The Or-
namenlal Trees and Tlanl,< alone, rompri>e one thousand va-
rielies,lhe mosl beautiful kinds knovin; Ihcse include Horse
Chcsnuls, Weeping Willows, (-'alalpa, Mnunlain Ash, Ailan-
ihus or 'I'rce ' 1 Heaven, >ici)U\\ Larch. Silver Firs, Venetian
Sumach, Alllieas, Snowballs, Lilacs, Honcyiutkles, «kc. — Su-
peib China and Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Flowering Plants,
Pa-onics, and splendiil Double Dahlias.

(Jenllenicn arcrespecllully inviled Io forward iheir order?
„„/„_Larlv in Aiilumn, being an c.xccllenl season lor Irans-
plaiiiin.'-. Address to WILLIAM KENRICK, Newion
Mass. 'Trees, SfO.. del vered in liosion wiihoui charge for 'rans-
porialion, ihey are selected anil labelled wiih due precaulioi
and care; and when ordered Ihcnce. ihey are suitably packed
ami forwarded lollieir destination, by land or sea. Or orders
will receive the same allenlion if left with Gko. C. Barrett
»lio is a^eiil. at i, is Seed store and New England Farmei
Office, Nos. 51 <S- ^'-. North iMarket Street, Loston. Cata
logues gratis on application. "'''• *

.A GARDENER.

An experienced Gardener well acquainted with the duties o
his business in all its departments wishes a situation. Can pro
duce good reconimend'alions. -Address J. B. al this office.
Jan. 21.

ORCHARD GRASS.

.Inst received a ciiianiity of this vahiahk- ^/^'J^f/J'^f^,^.',,'''
Nexo Engi-tnd Seed Store. r^r^n

GEO. C. ISA I! HE IT.

THE KEAV ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, al S-i per annuri
payable al Ihe end of Ihe year — bul those who pay wubi
si.vty days from die lime of subscribing, are entitled to a d<
(luc'lion of (illy rents.

^X No paper will be sent to a distance without payme.
being made iu advance.

AGENTS.

New York—Ci C. Thormurn, C7 Liberty-street.
y|//M«"— Wm. TiloiiBURNSSn Markel-streel.
Philadelphia— \>. S,- C. Landbf.tu, 85 Chesnnl-slreet
liaUimore—X. I. IlirCHtocK, I'ulihsher ol American I'aiDK
Cinnnnati-^. C. rAHKUURsT, 23 Lower Markel-slrecl
Flnshiii'^, N 1'.— Wm. Prinht »V Sons, Prop. Lni. Bot.Wt
Middlehurti. !'(.— Wir.iiT Chapman, iMerchaul.
narirord—Gmu:\M>iS,-Ci:Paok!.c\\cr^.
Knoi'iirTfrort—V.i'f.nr.-i.r.it. STKnuiAN, Bookseller.
Portsmouth. N. //.-John VV. Fostk.r, ItookscUcr.

■hiinisla. Me — Wii.i.arti Snei l, Druggist.

IlW,v/,ir/(-, Tr— J.A. riiATT.

K„H-^or, Jfc— W»i. Mann, Drugj^isl.

Halifa.T. N. S.—V. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Uecorder,

St. Louis— i'-hO. HoI.TON.

PRINTED BY TUTTI.E AND WEEKS,

No. 8, Fcllcol .'=lrecl.
ORDIRS FOR rKI.-<TISO RECEIVED BY TUE PUBL18H1

3W ENGXAND FARMER,

AND GARDENS R'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BV GEORGE C. BAllRETT, NO. 52 iNOKTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

JL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 25, 183-5.

NO. 33.

^SEH S&^asa^*

[Translated from the Frenrh, for the New England Farmer.]
CHEESE.
{Continued Iroin iiiii;e252. )
f CHEESES WHICH PRESERVE A SOFT CON-
SISTENCY.

Till! rennet being prepared, it is nii.xed with the
ilk iiitentlctl to be cmdlcil ; after remaining in a
ite of repose, a greater or less space of time,
cording to the eircunistanc.es, we have previ-
isly mentioned, the coagidation or curdling takes
ace. When the milk is suflieiently cm-died, the
hey collects, and is ponred off, by inclining the
issel. The curd is then taken oft" vvitli a wooden
immcr and placed in cheese wattles. These
attles or hurdles are moulds made of osier,
rthen or wood, pierced with holes, and whose
rm and size depend upon those they wish to
ve the cheeses. The curd is drained in these
oulds, until it is sufficiently dry. The moulds
e placed upon grooved tables. We must obsCrVe
at tlie curd drains tlie better, the less it is bro-
•n in putting it into the moulds. A more speedy
id satisfactory result may lie obtained, if a press
used for this purpose, a custom, which some
ho make the cheeses from Brie, begin to follow.
urd sufficiently drained constitutes the cheeses,
hich are eaten fresh, and which are known un-
;r the name.s of skini 7n{lk cheese, soft cheese, new
eeses, cream cheese. These different names de-
;nd upon the qualities of the milk from whi(di
e cheeses are made. Thus the skim milk cheese
id nciv cheese are those made from skimmed
ilk. This milk may be allowed to curdle natn-
Uy, excepting when the chee-se is to be kept.
'■earn cheeses arc made from milk, preserving its
earn. Rennet must be used for this — therefore
e milk should be used as soon as taken from the
'W, aa otlierv/ise the cream would separate from
Soft cheese may be cither fat or meagre, al-
ough it is most often the former. These diticr-
it c'lceses are eaten in their fresh state, with a
tie salt, especially by the country people, or
ixed with sweet cream, and sprinkled with sugar
len they are of a good quality.
Cheese is principally made in summer, because
B inilk then curdles most easily. It can bow-
er bo made in winter by putting the vessel upon
t ashes, or in a " bain marie" (boiling water, in
lich a vessel is placed containing liquors or
lich requires a milder heat th.an the naked fhe,)
It the taste of the cheese thus obtained is not
reeablcv

Cream-cheeses nmst not be confounded with
e dainties which appear upon our tables un-
r th.at name, (although it is improperly ap-
ied) — these are made of cream niLved with the
lite of eggs beaten stiff — all these kinds of pre-
rations from milk will not occupy our attention.
Fresh cheeses are made from the milk of cows,
eep and goats. To have them very good the
nnet is put into the milk as sooti as it is drawn ;
By are drained more or less. If they are wish-

ed more fat, a little fresh cream taken from new
milk may be added to the hot milk ; in this case
as we have before mentioned, the quantity of
rennet must be increased. The curd of fat cheeses
is seltloni put into the mould as soon as it is
formed, because it is best to wait until they are
consolidated ; which takes a longer time for
cheese where there is cream than for those Avith-
out, as milk is susceptible of being easily pene-
trated by any odor, cream-cheeses may be scent-
ed, as you wish, by mi.xiug the aronuitics with the
milk when it is to be curdled.

It may be supjiosed that cheeses thus drained
would pass sooner through the diflerent degrees
of fermentation, which would entirely spoil them,
if this decomposition was not prevented by a
method adapted to their nature. It is salt which
serves as a preventative. From this use dif?(3r-
ent kinds of cheeses which are preserved a
longer or shorter time, but rarely, however, above
six months, and which ai'e eaten after they are
dressed.

Gray salt is always employed to season cheese
It should be dried perfectly and pounded very
fine. The following is the method niost generally
adopted for salting the cheeses:

Finst — the cheeses intended to be salted must
be drained. When they have acquired the neces-
sary consistency, one side is sprinkled with salt ;
the next day, it is turned over and the other siile
salted in the same manner: thus you continue
every day, until the cheese has received sufficient
salt ; this is easily known by the taste and when it
will absorb no more.

In this state, the cheeses are placed upon hiir-
dle.s, arranged for this purpose in the cheese-room ;
these arc covered with straw upon which the
cheeses are placed so as not to touch. They are
turned every day for about two months, and in,
such a manner that the straw may be alternately
above, to dry. After this time they are turned
not oltsner than every eight days, and care is
taken, from time to time to renew the straw and
wash the hurdles.

It now remains to dress the cheeses. This
operation, which should not be done until the
moment of sale, has for object the softening of the
crust. It consists in first taking oft with a knife
the mould which covers the cheese. After this
different methods are employed : some cover the
surface with the dregs of wine, or better still with
a cloth saturated with vinegar ; others surround
them with nettle leaves or cresses, which are re-
newed from time to time ; sometimes hay dipped
in tepid water is used. Again, especially in Brie,
they are wrajjped in a cloth, soaked for a few
minutes in a weak lye ; finally, in this same prov-
ince, a certain quantity are put in a staved cask,
each between two cajots* separated by oat stra\v —
the cask is placed in a moist place. However, all
these modes do not appear to have a more certain
effect than the method of keeping them in a

*Rushns or straw iuteiwoven — a web.

cheese-room conveniently disposed, taking care
to turn them as we have before said ; or in a
place where they will not dry too much nor too
little. Those cellars, which keep wine well will
also answer for cheeses. They should be often
looked to, in order to put them in a damper
place, when they harden, and in a drier place
when too soft.

OF THE DIFFERF.NT KINDS OF CHEESES OBTAINED
FROM cow's MILK.

Among the fat cheeses, the most esteemed are
those of Viry, of Montdidier, of Neufchatel, and of
Brie.

CHEESES OF VIRY.

These are brought in baskets in the fonn of a
heart. They arc nothing else than new cream
beaten with a little rich curd, until it has taken a
certain consistency ; the percussion then ceases.
These cheeses are excellent eaten fresh ; but they
should be consumed speedily, otherwise they are
no longer good.

The cheeses of Montdidier do not diflxr from
the preceding.

CHEESES OF JIEUFCHATEL.

The.se little cheeses, which are cylindrical and
about three inches long and two in diameter, are
liighly esteemed. They are rendered very fat, by
adding to the milk just taken from the cow at
noon, the delicate cream of the morning's milk ;
afterwards rennet is added. Others prefer putting
the cream to the curd, when it is taken from the •
pan to put into mould. Certainlj' the simplicity
of this procedure wlirrants its being employed ~
everywhere, and there is no reason wliy it should
not succeed when, by the care bestowed upon the'
cows, a substantial milk can be obtained from
them. These cheeses keep fresh and good dur-
ing eight days, wrapped in Joseph paper. A great
many of these cheeses are thus dressed for raris
consumption during the winter.

CHEESES OF BRIE.

The best season for making cheeses, which are to
he kept is the autunm. Sonle are made in the
spring or the summer and in winter, but they are
eaten fresh or half salted ; those of the last sca-son
are the least esteemed.

The rennet is put into the milk, as soon as.
it is drawn ; if delayed any time, the cream
would rise, and the cheese would be in layers one
fatter or richer than the others. When the curd
is formed, it is put into osier frames, and drained.
Some persons put it in wooden moulds, press it
down with their hands and place on top a
rotmd wooden platter upon which they put a
weiglit. They afterwards turn it out upon a
cloth, put it back in its mould, and place it under
a press. They repeat this operation five or six
times, changing the cloth each time and returning
the cheese. After that the cheese is placed in a
flat trough and its upper stuface rubbed with salt.
The next day it is turned, the other side rubbed
in the same manner, and left in the brine three
dnvs.

258

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

FEBRUARY 85, 1835.

The (lairy-woiTicn wl)0 <io not put their cheeses
ill a presfi, arc contentixl to let it drain, and when
tho curd becomes of a certain consistency, tliey
.suit it lisjlitly before taking it from the nioukl, in
order to dry it. They afterwards place it upon
" cajots"; thert! they salt them as wc liave before
said.

In this state, the cheeses are eaten under the
name of half-salted cheese of Brie.

AV'hen they are to bo preserved, they are placed
upon "cajots" in the cheese-chamber; care is
t.iken to turn them every day, and to \vi])e them
■\vith a dry cloth until they arc perfected ; the
color and odor serves to show when they are so.
Heat hastens this : consequently the temperature
of the cheese-room should be kept at the degree,
most ])ropcr to obtain cheeses as grf'od as arc
desired.

The form of these cheeses is that of a disk, about
a foot in diameter and an inch in thickness;
the length of time they will keep varies accord-
ing to the care taken in making them. We have
already said that those, which are made in
autumn were the best ; these are generally eaten
during the winter, some may be kept still longer.
There is no doubt that those subjected to the
jire.ss kee]) the longest, because the less whey the
cheese contains, the better it will keep.

The greater part of the cheeses of ]>rie arc
i:nisl)ed by straining. This is a kind of fermen-
tation which generally precedes decomjjosilion.
The ])aste swells, bursts the crust, and runs out in
the form of a thick pap; it is at first sweet and
pleasant, but afterwards becomes insupportahly
htrong.

Tlioss cheeses which ruii or are strained, have
given rise to a kind ol' cheese known under the
name of " pomages en jiots de la poste aux
c.hevaux de Mcaux." It is in this city that they
are made. The following is very nearly the
manner in which they are finished : they keep
the cheeses iirejiarcd by straining in a room ap-
]iropriated to them ; they are ])laccd upon shelves
which are kept quite clean, by washing them
often w ith boiling water. To expedite the run-
ning off of the cheese, the air of the room is
charged v.'ith alkaline gas. The paste which runs
off is taken up twice a day, and heaped into pots
of .small dimensions. They are tlien covered with
five or six leaves of parchment, and placed in the
cellar.

They make with the rind and paste adhering
lo it anotlicr kind of strong cheese, which is es-
teemed only by the laborers, who cat it with
bread.

The cheeses of Jlusollcs, of wliich the manner
nf making is not well knov/n, belongs also to this
class. It would apjicar frojn their paste being
always yellow, that they are kept in a moist place
and in n large mas.s, which prevents the evapora-
tion of tho whey. These cheeses, wliich are
sometimes mea.gre, and sometimes fat or creamy,
are not very nmcli sought after ; they exhale a
very strong odor.

The cheeses of " Mont d'Or, called " fourmes
du Roche," those of RoUot, the dauphin.'^, the
an^dot.i, are made in the same manner ; but their
form gives them dillerent qualities.

In the cheeses of " ^cracmer" and "g'fromc,"
made in the Vosgi, a certain quantity of cuinuiin
seed is mixed with tho curd, when it is ))ut into
the mould, to give them an aromatic odor. In
oth:!r cheeses, such as tliosi" which are made in

the coimtry of Liege, they mix with the curd
parsley, scullions and tarragon (a salad herb) cut
up fine. This is also done in Switzerland in the
Canton of Glacis. These cheeses, esteemed in
Paris, bring a high price.

[ForUie New F.iigland Fanner.]

MASSACHl'SETTS SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING
AGRICULTURE.

REPORT ON VEGETABLE AND GRAIN CKOrS.

The Coinmittee on " Vegetable and Grain
Crops" respectfully submit the following report.

They recommend that
To Mr John Moorehead of Marshfield in
the County of Plymouth, be ))aid the pre-
mium ofiered on Carrots, for his fine crop
of 645 bushels of 56 lbs. each, on 1 acre and
3 roods — being about 683 bushels on an
acre $20

To Job Gardner of Swanzey, in the County
6f Bristol, for his crop of winter rye, on
1 acre and 15 roods, 47 bushels, weighing
60 to a bushel, being 43 to the aero 620

To William Carter of Fitchburg in Worces-
ter County, for potatoes, 513 bushels on
one acre 20

To the said Carter another premium for his
great crop of Barley, 55 bushels. It will
be seen, by Mr Carter's letter, that this
crop of barley was raised on the same acre
of land which gave him the year before,
677 bushels of potatoes. 20

To Payson Williams of Fitchburg — on con-
dition of his furnishing the usual proofs,
of Smyrna or Black Sea wheat, 5Ci
bushels on one acre 20

Mr AVilliams did not send the evidence required
by the Trustees, because the premium offered was
for winter wheat, whereas his was sowed in the
Spring. After due consideration the committee
think Mr Williams well deserving the premium
offered on wheat. The common opinion respect-
ing the black sea wheat, seems to have been that
it is a wintsr grain. Mr Williams has the merit
of having tried it in spring, and the hope is that
his success will induce others to do the same.

The committee recotnmend that the letters of
the applicants be published as a part of this re-
port. They will serve to show pretty minutely,
the kinds of soil, and the means used by the wri-
ters respectively, and thus, it is hoped, afford in-
formation which may jirove liseful to the farmer.
By order, P. C.BKOOKS, 07ic of the Com.
Boston, Feb. 5, 1835.

ma siooiiF.nF.Ao's premium carrots.

Marslificlii, November 20, lS3t.
John Alfiorehead and James Moorehead testify,
and declare on oath, to the following particulars re-
specting the crop of carrots raised by said Moore-
head ill Marshfield, this season. 1. The hind
was planted in corn in 1833, and was in good
heart. 2. It had been used as a pasture for more
than thirty years ; one half of it was jdanted
without any manure, the other half with a mix-
ture of kelp !UkI common barn yard manure ; the
product was forty bushels or over ; it was hoed
in the usual way three times, besides twice plough-
ing. 3. In the latter part of the winter of 1833,
and the first part of the winter of 1834, there was
carted seventy three loads of kelp from the sea shore,
besides two loads of barn yard manure, making

in the whole seventy-five loads for one horse ; t
loads were about one half as much as a three cat
team would draw ; the distance about one mile ; t
kelp was laid in small heaps, three to each lot
upon a piece of land containing one acre a
three rods. 4. The quantity of seed used wai
small fraction over three pounds. 5. In the 1'
ginning of April the old corn roots were dug n
the kelp spread, and the land ploughed ; it v
then hoed across the furrows, as it was not Io<
enough to receive the seed. Besides, there wi
some small stones and brier roots taken out.
was harrowed three times with a one horse h
row, then raked, which completed the jircparat'
for sowing. The seed was sown from the 1-
to 19tli of April. First time of hoeing from 2!'
of May to 3d of June ; second time from the &*
to 28th of June ; third time from the 19th to
29th of July.

The seed was sowed in rows thirteen Lnc
apart, and after sowing was rolled with a liij
roller by hand.

Amount of labor : —
Drawing kelp from the beach,
Digging out the corn roots and taking

them off 1

Ploughing the land 2

Hoeing across the furrows and taking out

small stones 5

Harrowing and raking it over
Sowing the seed and rolling f

Fir.st hoeing, (

Second hoeing, weeding and throwing out 1(
Third hoeing and weeding £

Harvesting and measuring the whole crop 2.'
Carrot seed

Total, OC-

john mooreheaii.
James Mooreiieai

Plymoulh, ss. Nov. 20, 1834. Personally
peared the above named John Moorehead
James Moorehead and made oath to the above
within deposition by them severally subscril
before me, Jcii.N Ford, Jr. J. I

Began to harvest carrots Oct. 26, and finis
Nov. 8. The carrots were first dug up and
in rows to dry, then carted to a piece of gt
sward, separated from the tops and dirt, caref
measured and some of them weighed,
whole amount of carrots was six hundred
fortyfive bushels, containing fiftysix lbs. and
wards.

EneloFcd is a certificate of the measurcmei
the land by John Fonl, Esq., together with
deposition of Geo. Washburne and John Bio
head, relating to the measurement of the can

Also the de])osition of Jolin Jloorehcad
James Moorehead, relating to the state of the
and manner of cultivation. All of which is
speclfully submitted by John Moorehea:

We, the subscribers, John Moorehead
George Washburne hereby certify that we
and measured the carrots raised on the wi
acre and three rods of land, the present year,
there were six hundred and fortyfive bushels, (
bushel weighing fiflytiK pounds.

John IMoorehead.
George Wasuecrk

Plymoulh, ss. Kov. 20, 1834. Personally
peared the above named John Moorehead

VrOL. XIII. ISO. 33.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

26J

3ornc Waslibmiie and made oatli to llie tnitli of
e above ccitiiicale by them severally subscribed,
I'oi'c iiic, John Fop.d, Jr., J. P.

Marshfidr!, A'ov. 12, 1834. I certify tliat 1
;ighed eigiitccn bushels of carrots for John
joreheatl, in Fairbanks' Patent Hay Scales,
lich weijrhcd after deducting- his wagon 1035
>v. 14, twenty bushels which weighed 1130

)v. 17, eighteen bushels which weighed 1035
Pakci.ete Alden.

1 hereby certify that I measured the land on
lich John Moorehead of Marshfield, raised six
ndrcd and fortyfive bushels, (at fiftysix lbs. per
sliel) of carrots the present year, and found it
contain one acre and tliree rods and no more.

John Fop.d, Jr. Surveyor.
Marshfield, .Yov. 10, 1834.

(From the Yankee Farmer.]
BJEIES.
rheso useful little creatures require some atten-
1 in the winter. Many hives are lost, and we
ieve it is owing more to the want of proper
8 and attention, and the want of good manage-
ut, as to the construction of the hives, shelter,
. than to any ills that naturally attend them,
ne leave their liives exposed to storms and
shine, heat and cold, Avithout any protection in
the changing seasons of the year; and as they
e been successful at times, they laugh at the
ught of any difflrent management ; and if
1 are unlucky, they think it was so fated, and
t they could not prevent it. It is with this as
I with many other branches of rural economy,
iculture, &c. some suppose that they know so
:h that they can learn no more, and perhaps
f are right in this supposition, for none are so
fas those that will not hear, and none so lim-

in their knowledge as those that arc content
1 what they possess.

Ve asked a man to subscribe for the Farmer,
he said that we could teach him nothing ; see-
that lie kept bees, wc told him that we could
)ably give him some useful information on
subject, but bethought diflercntly, and imme-
sly observed that his bees did not swarm last
mer ; wc informed him that we had one hive

swarmed six times, and they were all large
rms excepting one — he was surprised that
r bees should do so much better than his own,
inquired the cause ; we informed him that we
;wo large swarms together; anil that such hives
i much more profitable than the same number
ees in separate hives. They procure more
!y in sununcr, and cat less in winter in pro-
ioii to their numbers; they will be much
s hkely to live through the winter ; they are
:r able to defend themselves against their en-
s ; and they will swarm earlier, and send out
! and larger swarms. So far from knowing
to manage bees in this manner, and the ad-
iges resulting from this management, it
led to hini like a new thing unde"r the sun.
name this circumstance, as this man is a fair
'tnen of thous.inds who honestly think that
cannot le.irn any thiiig now, wh"en the only
in IS because they never thought of many
il things that they might learn, if they would
t}ieir attention to them instead of fallowing
radition of their fathers, and rejecting the

of science, reason and experience. We
! not these things as a censure upon the mo-

tives and dispositions of om- fellow men, hut up-
on their practice. But turning from the biped
race, to the many peds, after this digression. As to
the best methods to be pursued generally, for the
protection of bees in diflerent seasons, w(» may
give our views and those of others, at another
time in the appropriate season.

See to your bees ; have you taken a peep at
them since the cold snap, in order to see whether
they are dead or alive .' Sometimes the copious
perspiration of bees congeals upon the sides of
the hive ; we have seen hives lined with ice form-
ed in this manner. Moderate weather, together
with the heat of the bees causes this ice to melt,
and run down to the bottom of the hive, and the
bees become suflbcated ; many valuable swarms
are lost in ^liis manner ; and the best swartns are
most liable to suffocation, as they are the largest
and need the most air, and they generally have
the least, as such hives are usually nearly or quite
fdled with comb and honey. As the heat caused
by the bees assists the melting of the ice, the wa-
ter will sometimes freeze as it runs to the bottom
of the hive, and falls below that heat without any
change in the weather ; again, when the swarm of
bees is too small to produce any heat of conse-
quence, the ice will melt in the heat of the day,
(if such a thing there be in our cold winters,) and
congeal at the bottom as it .grows cold, towards
night. This is much more likely to happen when
the sun shines upon the hives. When a hive is
exposed to the weather, the door is often filled
up with snow so that but very little fresh air can
be adndtted, which may occasion the loss of a
large swarm.

Some will disregard these observations, because
bees have survived through the winter buried sev-
eral feet deep in snow, or buried that distance be-
low the surface of the earth in the fall ; but a lew
instances establish no general rule. Perhaps cir-
cumstances were favorable ; there might have
been but a few bees in a large hive. Large
swarms have been destroyed by remaining in
close hives thirty-six hours. Sam Patch jun)ped
from a great distance into the water several times
without injury. Is that any reason that others
should risk their lives and follow bis example .=
Poor Sam himself kiekcd the huckU in that way at
last.

The best way to prevent bees becoming sufFo-
cated in winter, is by the construction of their hives.
There are many ways in which they may be made
in order to answer that purpose. We made an
improvement in hives last summer, adapted to
most all kinds, which we think will prevent the
loss we have named ; it costs a mere trifle more,
is very simple, and is attended with many impor-
tant advantages ; we will describe it in another
number — say next month.

To prevent the sufibcation of bees, t)ore several
holes with a gimlet into the hives a little way
above the bottom. If a swarm be large, they can
bear a little exposure to ihe cold, and the hive
may be raised one fourth of an inch froin the
board, and thus aflbrd the bees fresh air for respi-
ration wiicn the door is barred up with ice.

Wholesome Meat. — All meats, say writers
on medical subjects, are best when the animal
arrives at maturity. Hence to delicate |)crsons
chickens, Iamb, veal, or pig, arc not near so
wholesome or nutritive as becf^ fowl, mutton and
pork.

I.MPOMANT DISCOVERY PERHAPS I have

been a constant reader of the .American Farmer
from the lime of its first publication, a;id frequent-
ly referred to it, in the hope of finding an efi'ect-
ual remedy against the attack of the worm oji
peach trees. I found at diflerent times a number
of publications njion the subject, and believe have
tried the greater part of the remedies therein pre-
scribed, without success. Finally, I concluded
that the old method of cutting the worm cut with
a penknife, was the only one upon wliich any re-
liance could be jiiaced and have therefore been in
the constant habit of preserving my trees in that
way for years. I have, however, lately made an
experiment, wliich I have every reason to believe
is quite as eflectual, and attended with much less
trouble. About a year ago, after I had gone the
rounds, laid bare the roots, and cleared my trees
of the worm, I took some fine .screenings of An-
thracite coal, and put about a qurrt or two to the
roots of each tree ; this was done to about one
half of my peach trees. Last fall I went round
as usual to cut out the worms ; those trees which
had the Anthracite coal screenings about their
roots, were without a single exception, clear of
worms, the others had as usual, a considerable
number. I iumiedialely applied the coal to the
whole of my trees, and thus far, am well pleased
with my ])rospects of success. I propose contin-
uing the experiment another year, afler which, I
can speak with more certainty upon the subject ;
but the circumstance of that half of the trees
upon which the experiment was made, although
situated precisely like the others, having been
found clear of worms, when the others were full
of them, is .strong evidence in my mind that the
remedy will prove efiectual. , N.

Orwigsburg, Jan. 25, 1S35.

Prope.nsity of Birds. — .At the recent fire in
Spring street a covey of pigeons was observed
hovering over the flames at a great height, pre-
senting a heautifid appearance, resembling that of
gold, caused by the reflection of the light below.
For several minutes they were seen darting in
every direction, as if at a loss where to wend their
passage. At last they were noticed to follow the '
propensitj' ascribed to birds by naturalists, and
plunged one by one into the flames, where they
perished. — Com. JIdv.

Seed Wheat. — Extract from a letter : — " To
obtain good seed wheat, my father has for several
years used a very coarse screen in his fanning
mills, which retains oidy the largest and best
kernels. By this means all the foul stuff passes
off", and his seed is perfectly clean. Tlie addi-
tional ex])ense of an extra screen is but a trifle. —
Genesee Farmer.

Ring Worm An esteemed friend says, com-

luoa lamp oil applied to the part efteeted will
cure the ring-worm. — Ohio paper.

A new mode of staining or ornamenting paper
for rooms has been adopted at Paris, by means of
wet or liqtiid saw-dust, giving it a very beautiful
appearance.

To Detect Copper in Greek Tea Put a few

leaves of the tea, cnt small, into a vial with two
or three drams of liquid Ammonia, diluted with
one half the quantity of water. Shake the vial,
and if the smallest portion of copper be present
the liquid wUl assume a fino blue color.

260

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEBRUAUV 25, 183

i£s.<UJIiIS<SW5S>1'W2aS=i

MR BL.YDE1VBUROH-S ADDRESS.

Read at tlii; Aniiuiil Meeting of tlie Rensst-liicr County
Agricultunil Society, October 7, 1834.
[Concluded from [inge 251.]
May we not coiifiilontly hopo that the worthy
jrcntlemeii of these h-ained professions will at
some day he willing to admit the scientific fanner
to an equal rank in the scale of bciiiii with them-
selves ? But the number thus favored, however,
must, for some time to come, remain very limited ;
for tliough we have colleges of distinguished rep-
utation dispersed throughout the country, yet tlie
course of ed'.ication they pursue is of too abstract
a nature to be of any essential service to the in-
• terest of agriculture. There can be no doubt that
those who have no faith in book farming will
smile at the idea of a college-learnt farmer. But
how many things have been smiled at as ridicu-
lous at one period, and at a subsequent period
hailed and ajjplauded as wonderful improvetnents ?
We have theological seminaries, and medical sem-
inaries, and law seminaries, and military semin-
aries, and each endowed with siilendid and costly
libraries, and all the paraphernalia of scientific
illustration and experiment, and furnished wi'li
able teachers, liberally supported. But poor agri-
culture, whose hand sows the seed, and whose
arm gathers tlie harvest and the vintage, on which
all our earthly comforts and even our very existence
depends, she can have no seminary in which to
teacdi her sons the most valuable of all arts. No
matter ; they are nothing but clod-hoppers ; if they
can learn their letters and read tlio bible, what
more can they want to know ? Even our wise
legislatures can grant supplies for literary and
other public institutions with a liberality which
does them great credit, but touch the string of ag-
riculture, and it refuses to vibrate ; the whole
instrument seems paralyzed and makes no mvisic.
But let me entreat the friends of agricultural
improvement still to persevere, notwithstanding
all these discouraging circiunstances. Let the
disciples of the old school ridicule book farming
and laugh at the idea of an agricultural college,
or of schools to teach the farmer how to hoe bis
corn. As I have already stated, the spirit of im-
provement is awake ! Our State legislature already
lias the stibject before it, and the agricultural so-
ciety of the State will doubtless pursue it with
persevering attention. It is true, we cannot have
the credit of setting the examjile and leading the
way. Such institutions are already established,
and are producing mo.st liap])y results in several
paits of Europe ; and young men are attending
them even from this country. Lit us then have
the praise of setting the example in our own
countiy, and let this State take the lead of all the
others. Where is the man of Bo much apathy as
not to be cheered with the anticipation of behold-
ing such an institution ; an extensive and hand-
some edifice, where our young men shall bo taught,
in theory and in |)ractice, those iminutuble prin-
ciples of nature which form the only infallible
guide to all the substantial comforts of life ?
Where, by mingling the useful with the sweet,
they will become inured to habits of industry :
where science and art shall coinbino to inspire
thorn with laudable emulation to excel each
other ! If we are charmed with viewing a garden,
upon u email scale, the work perhaps of a single,
but skilful individual, how infinitely more charm-

ing must be the view of three or four hundred
acres, jSlanned and laid out with all the accumu-
lated skill of ages, aided by all the lights which
science has thrown on the subject, with all the
beauties of the vegetable world, and all that is
useful in the animal! Could any'earthly pros-
pect be more delightful ? I answer, yes ; that of
two hundred young men, vying with each other,
in skill and industry, not only in improving and
bcaulilying the establi.shment, but in improving
their minds by study and their bodies by manly
labor, inlinitely more pleasing and more to their
credit than the mountebank feats of a gynma-
sium ; thus fitting themselves as brilliant lights to
guide, instruct, and adorn the succeeding genera-
tion.

This view of the subject, or rather .the subject
itself, far surpassing any jiicture I can draw of it,
will soon become reality, if those interested in its
progress do their duty ; and that they will do their
duty, the talent and integrity already engaged are
sufiicient guarantee. Let this State set the exam-
ple, and all the other States will imitate it. And
what will hinder the same from taking place in
every county ? Should one county lead the way,
there can be little doulit but all the others will
follow. But the county institutions will of course
be small, compared with that of the State. One
hundred acres of good land, with other suitable
investments, might be sufficient ; and what mighty
thing would the cost of a hundred acres of land
and a little expense in buildings and apparatus be
for this county ? There is abundant reason to
believe that such an institution in each county
would be an immediate source of pecuniary profit,
indejiendently of all its other advantages. But
the State institution must necessarily lead the
way. That institution, then, as the parent or
head, wouhl furnish teachers for all the others,
and it would also furnish seeds, plants, and ani-
mals, of every description ; and as it would be
foremost in all untrodden ground, it would pro-
tect the county institutions from all loss in new
and untried experiments, and aflbrd a pattern for
them to follow in all their operations. The State
could afford expenses in books and apparatus, as
well as in the introduction and acclimation of rare
and valuable exotic plants ; and also in procuring
valuable and extraordinary animals, which would
be altogether beyond the reasonable means of a
county, much more so of an individual ; and yet
these valuable acquisitions would be no less so,
either to the county or the individual, because they
cost comparatively nothing. There are jjrobably
more than a hundred thousand respectable farm-
ers in this State. Many of these have been at
very considerable expense to introduce some val-
uable breed of animals, or even the seed of some
exlraonlinary vegetable. Now, suppose the ex-
pense so incurred should in some case, be a hun-
dred dollars, — and it has been in many cas<-s
much more — this would be a licavy tax tor an in-
dividual; but divide this tax among the hundred
thousand farmers, ami it amounts to one mill
a-piece. And suppose this introduction were ef-
fected by the United State.«, the cxiiense to indi-
viduals would be still less; the liability to imposi-
tion would be also less ; and the chance of its be-
ing distributed over the States, and consequently
the public thereby benefited, still greater.

Let this parent, or State agricultural school, be
attended as it would be, and as I venture to say it
will shortly be, by pupils from each of the coun-

ties, each of whom will he an interested rep
sentative of his own county ; and kt each com
have, as there is reason to hope it will have,
school after the same model, but upon a smal
scale ; and when this system shall even begin
be in full operation, how abundant will be its be:
fits to every farmer in the State, as well to th'
who have not, as to those who have been
(lupils. If any new and valuable production
introduced, as fast as the course of nature -v
sufl'er it to multiply, it will, of course, be distri
ted for the benefit of the whole. Are new ai
cultural implements invented ? here their comp;
live merits will be tested ; and if, upon fair cx]
iment, found not good, they will be condemi
without sufli^ring individuals to be inijiosed u]
Here, also, every farmer in the county may, w
out much expense, go and view the operati

himself, and not listen to stories which he hat
faith in, or read books on the subject which
does not understand.

But I must quit, tliough reluctantly, this fitl
l)leasing anticipation, but which, as I have aire
stated, I have no doubt, will soon be viewed a !
of much more pleasing reality, and return f
the long digression I have made, to the more
mediate business of our infant institution,
cannot commence our school till the State ^
set us the exanqile ; but we can cultivate ourl
according to the best information we now pos
or can obtain ; and we can go great lengths ir
provement without waiting for better educati
By associating ourselves, as we propose to
together — by the united talent, enterprise,
means of the county — by comparing our e
rience together, and mutually instructing
other — and by uniting all our efforts to ol
useful information from every quarter, and i
every improvement in our power — we can, ^
out doubt, make infinitely greater progress
we could all do collectively, each acting alon
his individual capacity.

Did I ])0ssess unlimited knowledge on the
ject, and were I infinitely capable of givinj
structions in agriculture, the present opport
would scarcely admit of giving even a regulai
alogue of its branches, much less a system
tailed instructions. You will indulge me,
ever, in a few words, merely to jioint out a ft
those heads of the subject which I think
pressingly demand your attention, and also to
a few brief remarks on the best course to be
sued in obtaining information.

There is an evil which sits like an in(
upon the very vitals of our agricultural int
and which, until it shall be in a good degre
moved, will forever paralyze all our efforts t
prove it ; and that evil is a kind of insatiabli
rice to possess more land than we need o
cultivate. This is so deeply fixed in our )
by early impression, that it will be hard to
come it. Our ancestors came from cou
where the man who possessed land in fec-s
was looked up to as a superior being. No
der that when they came here, where evei7
could obtain it, every one was anxious to bi
the lord of a little manor. This spirit has de;
ed from father to son — every man reckoni
wealth by his number of acres, not by wl
produced. The inevitable consequence is •'
we see from one end of the United States
other — our farms unfenced, and a miserab
tivation scattered over four hundred acres.

VOIi. XIII. NO. 33.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

261

would produce inore on one liundred. Our ma-
lum; is s()read over so nuudi ground, and conse-
flui'iuly so thin, tliaf, the rains wash it away, and
it docs littie or no jrood ; and all this for no hene-
iit, uidcss to make our nanirs look more respect-
able on the list of assessments. If a man wishes
to buy land tor speculation, he had better let it lie,
than waste his time and money in attempting to
cultivate more than he can manage to advantage.

\Vhenever a man enters upon the manageujent
of a farm, the first object to which he pays atten-
tion ought to be to see that every part is well, and
thoroughly, and permanently fenced. Nothing is
jnore preposterous than, because he thinks he can-
not afibrd the time and expense to make good fen-
ces, to ex])0se the avails of all his labor and seed to
be destroyed, and at the same tinje teach, not only
his own cattle, but those of his neighbors, to be
unruly. If his object is to turn his time to profit,
there is nothing enhances the value of a farm in
the eye of a purchaser more than to see it well
fenced, while decayed and ruinous fences often
excite prejudice in his nund against the real in-
trinsic value of the land.

When the farm is duly fenced, the next object
in course is, by all possible means, to render it
productive ; and this object, though attainable by
every man in some degree, still opens a field of
study which may occupy the mind of the most
intelligent farmer with profit his life time. It
would surpass the limits of our ])resent meeting to
make even the slightest attempt to particularize.
I will only remark, that plants require food as well
as animals, and cannot, any more than they, thrive
without it. A great part of this food or nom-ish-
nient they draw from the earth, and if the earth is
not replenished with the means of aftbrding nour-
ishment, it becomes, as the common phrase is,
worn out, and the labor of cultivating it is lost.

But various plants require various kinds of
nourishment. The land, therefore, requires vari-
ous kinds of treatment to keep it in order. In
some cases, it requires large quantities of manure
to be actually applied, and that of difl'erent kinds,
according to the natin-e of the land, and 'of the
crop to be put on it. Sometimes it may not only
be kept in order, but greatly improved, siui|)ly by
a proper rotation of crops. It often happens that
the treatment which would benefit one piece of
land would injure, or at least be of no benefit, to
another. Thus, that which would be highly ben-
eficial to sand would be of no use on clay.
Hence it is a connnon saying in England, among
those who use marl as a manure.

" He who matles sand will soon buy land ,
But he who marlcs clay throws all away."

Many people avoid maimring their land be-
cause they cannot afford it ; and the same econ-
omy teaches some to starve their cattle, because
they cannot afford to feed them. The latter
practice commonly ends in death just as the cattle
get learnt ; and the former if it docs not end in
the death of the farmer, will generally end in the
transfer of his farm by the bauds of a sheriff.
To illustrate the difference by profit and loss, be-
tween manuring and not manuring, I svill state a
case founded on substantial facts, and I think the
result will leave little doubt on the subject.

There can be no precise standard fixed as the
average expense of raising an acre of Indian
corn, but for the present purpose I will assume
twelve dollars, which I think is rather a low esti-
mate than otherwise. I have already stated, that

Charles Bugbee, of Palmer, in Massachusetts,
raised five hundred and fort}' bushels of corn irom
five acres. I knew his laud in its original state,
and I know twenty dollars per acre was its ut-
most value ; and I also know it could not have
been mrule to ]!roduce over twenty-five, or, at
most, thirty bushels, whatever labor might have
been bestowed on it. I will now i)respnt an esti-
mate by Dr. and Cr., for five years, had it been
cultivated in its former state, and another for the
same time in its improved state, and see how the
two accounts will compare, and what ^vill be the
footings by profit and loss.

In the first instance I will debit the account for
the outsets, and credit the returns thus —
Dr. — 5 acres of land of land at .$20,

5 years' interest at 6 per cent.

5 years' cultivation of 5 acres,
at $12 per acre per annum,

$100 00
30 00

800 00

Total,

Cr. — The same land,

5 crops of corn at 25 bushels
per acre annually, 125 bush-
els each at 50 cents.

$430 00

$100 00

362 50

Total, $462 50

Making, in five years, a net gain of .$32 50.

We will now make the estimate on the land in
its improved state.

Dr The ground and interest as before .$130 00

125 loads of manure at $1, 125 00

5 loads per acre per year for four

years afterward, 100 00

5 years' cultivation as before 300 00

Total, 655 00

Cr. — 5 crops of corn at 108 bushels per

acre, 2700 bushels, at 50 cents. 1350 00
5 acres of land, now worth at least
$60 per acre, 300 00

Total, $1650 00

Leaving a balance on the profit side, of $995.

However extravagant this estimate may seem
to those who have not duly considered the sub-
ject, it is no more than a fair view of] the differ-
ence between manuring and not manuring.

As to the various modes of improving your soil,
whether by actual manuring or rotation, or both
united, and in what manner, you will find at least
much information in the various periodicals de-
voted to the subject in our own State. Among
these the New York Farmer, and the Genesee
Farmer, are especially entitled to notice ; but the
little Cultivator, edited by the President of the
New York Agricultural Society, contains more
valuable information on the subjecuthan was ever
offered to the public at the same clBtnse.

But even with the assistance of these publica-
tions, imtil the State and county schools shall be
established, and in full effect, the most copious
source of information will be the united efforts of
the State and county societies. It is to social in-
tercourse that we owe nearly all the improve-
ments which distinguish civil society. Improve-
ments which perhaps the most ingenious member
of society would never have dreamed of in a soli-
tary state, are presented in society almost every
day ; and these multiplied iijto each other by con-
stant interchange of ideas, are increasing, in pro-
portion, the stock of useful knowledge.

It is true, our society, in its present incipient
state, scarcely presents ane|)itonie of wliatwe hayc
rcason to hope it will soon ajjpear. But what is
never begun can never be accomplished. Tiio
astonishing beneficial effects of agricultural socie-
ties present themselves around us in every direc-
tion. The money and time it will cost individu-
ally to make this society highly respectable are
too trifling to be worthy of serious notice ; while
the benefits resulting from the united efforts of all
the talent and enterprise in the county will be
beyond the power of calculation. Every one, by
bringing his individual stock of knowledge into
the general mass, will be entitled to the benefit of
the whole, for knowledge never lessens by being
divided. Each one will feel his ambition in-
creased by emulation, and his desire not to be
behind his associates will constantly increase
his efibrts for his own benefit. In short, we if
consider the trifle it will cost, and the immense
benefits naturally resulting from it, it is hardly
to be believed that any respectable farmer in the
county will withhold his name from becoming a
member of the Rensselaer Agricultural Societj .

woor,.

The quantity grown in this state is anuufdiy
and rapidly increasing, and the quality improving.
Farmers generally are becoming better judges of
both the animal and its fleece, and raise more of the
valuable kinds. The native sheep have been much
inqu'oved upon by iutermixure with the foreign
varieties, and we bid fair by a careful attention to
this branch of agriculture, considering our facili-
ties for its prosecution, to rival the English in
the quality and weight of carcass, whilst we com-
pete with Saxony and Spain in the fineness of the
fleece. Perseverance will in a short time effect
this, for the American wool is now preferred by
our own manufacturers to a rather finer quality of
foreign, because it works up better. The home
market being .supplied, the prospect is, we will
soon sec the time when it will be sought after
from abroad.

The price was about the same as last year, if
anything rather better ; the supply on hand now
in the country is not large and will jjrobably b«;
very nearly consumed by the manufacturers this
wiiner and the coming spring. The importation
the last season has been small;' and the prospect
of the price for the crop of 1835 as flattering as
the one just disposed of The last public sales
previous to the suspension of navigation by water,
(and which are a criterion not only of the quan-
tity in market hut the prospect of what tlie price
is to be for mouths to come, was quite as good as
former sales, and if any thing rather in advance.
The price of the article in Europe remains much
the same as it has been some mouths previous,
although there were reports to the contrary. The
manufacturers of woollens in Europe have con-
stant employment and brisk demand for their
products. — Cultivator.

To MAKE Castor Oil palatable. — Take the
quantity of oil you propose for the dose, and boil
it a few moments in an equal quantity of milk ;
tlien sweeten it with a little sugar. When the
mixture has cooled, stir it well, and administer it.
There will be no necessity of giving the child
anything to drink after taking the mixture, for
the taste of it is more pleasant than any other
drink you can give.

262

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

*'Ei3KUAR\' 25, ISSS.

jsrjsw s2s?<siL^sg'2B' sjASiSffisma

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FKB. 25, 1835.

COLD WEATIIISR.

[Cunliiiued from page S54.]

I have snid tliat the air being; heavier and more dense
in valleys is capable of containing move cold and frost.
And I frankly confess I am somewhat a lieretic with
respect to the theory that cold or frost is a mere nega-
tive of heat. From a long- course of observation on the
efi'ects of frost on the various phenomena connected
u'itli it, I have been led to the opinion tliatfrost is some-
thing ]>ositive, something material, capable of attracting
and being attracted. .\nd I tliink the various pheno-
mena of frost are more easily and satisfactorily ex-
plained by this hypothesis than on the other.

I know that air, being a conductor of heat, v.'ill
sometimes when rapidly applied to a substance conduct
oft' the heat, so as to produce frost. But this does not
prove that frost is not material. It only proves that
when the heat, the antagonist principle of frost, is draw-
ing off, frost as a substance makes its appearance.

In the spring and fall, when we are afraid, from the
coldness of the day, that there will be frost, if a brisk
breeze springs up towards night or in the evening, our
fears cease, and no frost ensues.

Every person, who makes much observation respect-
ing the effects of frost, knows that in the fall, when
cold weather conuiicnce.s, that in a field of potatoes, a
slight breeze of air will protect the hills a little elevated
above the oihcrs, while those hills not more than three
feel from them, and depressed si.\ inches below them
BO tliat they cannot feel the influence of the breeze are
much injured — the higher hills breaking the force of
the breeze npon the lower.

Every person in Vermont knows that the frost falls
later in the spiing, and earlier in the fall in the valleys
than on the hills, unless there be a fog in the valleys to
))revent it. And there is almost always less motion in
the air in the valleys than on the higlilands. Why in
these cases should not the brisk air on the hills conduct
off the heat so as to prevent frost, while it lights on the
lower ground, wiien there is scarce any motion in the
air.

I will mention one more fact in connexion with this
subject. Some years since I saw in the paper that a
person hung a pail of water on a favorite fruit tree,
uhile in lilo.ssom, to protect it from frost. At the time,
I supposed that if it could have any effVct it must be by
creating a miniature fog.

Now for the fact — a few years bince I was delibera-
ting where 1 should place some early potatoes for seed,
so as to heep theui from frost, and from being mixed
with other potatoes. I was advised to put them into a
cellar, where there was a water cistern ; this was the
coldest cellar under my house. But 1 adopted the ad-
vice, and have pursued the practice, ever since. On
the 4th of January the water froze over in the cistern,
and within two days the ice was from one to two inches
thick. I then thought of my potatoes, and supposed
them worthless. But they were not touched by the
frost. Was this because the air conducted the heat
from the water to the potatoes .' If so why did it not
conduct the heat from the potatoes .' Was it not rather
that the water attracted the frost, if a material thing,
with greater power than the potatoes possessed.'

I have stated the foregoing facts, that you and your
readers may make the most and the best of them, and
not to support any vague theory of my own. And as
It is not my intention nor wish to disturb the lono- re-

pose of the theory alluded to, I will stop here, and
subscribe myself.

Your obedient sevant,

Jan, 14, IS^r*. A Vermonter.

P. S. Since \iriting the foregoing, the jVc?o Eng-
land Farmer^ of Jan. 2lst has come. And to 3'our
annoyance, and possibly that of your readers, I have
read the communication of A. G. in it, upon which I
wi.«h to submit a few remarks.

"\ A. G. says that the greater density of the air is the
cause of the greater degree of cold in the valleys. I
certainly shall not quarrel with this, for it is the only
reason I have assigned for it in calm weather.

But I am not satisfied with his reasons for that effect.
He says that air is a great conductor of heat. That is
true. But how does this, by itself account for the
greater degree of cold in the valleys. From what, at
such times does it conduct it .' As to this we are left in
the dark. It may, if possible, conduct it from the frozen
earth, colder than itself But at any rate, the heat
which it conducts from the frozen earth, must be in
very small quantities, and a very cold kind of heat.

Although the air frequently robs us, in these hyper-
borean regions of more heat than we well know how
to spare, yet 1 doubt, whether we ought to charge all
the inconvenience we feel from frost to the air.

A. G. says in answer to Mr Breck's second question
that he thinks if there had been wind on Sunday morn-
ing there" would have been very little difference in the
cold, in the valleys and on the hills ; and adduces the-
oretical arguments in support of his opinion. But these
arguments are in direct opposition to the facts I have
stated — facts well known in Vermont since the multi-
plication of thermometers.

The causes assigned for cold and frost are, generally,
mere theory, and piesent the finest topics imaginable
for disputation, as they cannot be brought to the
" searching" test of facts.

By the Editor. — The facts above stated by our respect-
ed correspondent, are, some of them new to us, and the
knowledge they convey may be of much practical utility
in agriculture and rural economy. We do not however,
altogether coincide with liirti respecting the causes of
some of the rffccts, which have met the attention of his
observing mind. Tor instance, we believe that cold or
frost is nothing but the want of or rather a less degree
of heat. Likewise we are of opinion that the heat
given out by water while freezing saved his potatoes
from frost. But we have not at present, time nor room
to give the reasons for our belief; and this is not of
.much consequence, since facts are of much more import-
ance than theories. We hope, some time, to resume the
subject, with allusion to the valuable facts, with which
we have been obliged by '■ Jl J'crynontcr ;" and solicit
the continuance of his favors of a kind similar to that
for which v.-e are already much his debtor.

Relations iviTii Fr.ince. — The last intelligence
from France gives reason to hope that m.atters in dispute
between the two nations will be settled amicably. The
French Chamber of Deputies acknowledge the justice
of our claims, and appear disposed to comply with the
terms of the treaty in which the debt is guaranteed to
the United States.

The Editor of the Louisville Journal has adopted an
excellent method of stopping the personal controversies
which so often creep into the journals of the south and
west. lie has determined npon charging two dollars a
square for every publication of the kind.

Emigrants to Lieep.ia. — It appears from a statement
in the African Repository, that 2,tH(J colored emigrant*
have been conveyed to Liberia under the auspices of
the Colonization Society, since its foundation, 1,197 of
whom were from Virginia, 5S2 from. North Carolina,
3b7 ficm Maryland, 201 from South Carolina, 106 from
Georgia, 1C3 from Kentucky, 70 from Kew-York, 65
from Pennsylvania, 55 from Tennessee, 40 from the
District of Columbia, 32 from Rhode Island, 21 from
Louisiana, 10 from Mississippi, 8 from other States, and
2 native Africans.

Dfs Townsend and Dean have been elected Conault-
ing Surgeon.s by the Board of Trustees of the Massa-
chusetts General Hospital.

College fou Ladies. — The Kentucky Legislature
has conferred upon Messrs Van Dorcn's Institute for
Young Ladies, in Lexington, the chartered rights and
standing of a College, by the name of Van Doren's Col-
lege for Young Ladies.

■Judge Mellen, lately retired from the office of Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine, having arrived
at the constitutional limit of age for that station, his
70th year.

Young Marey, one of the Convent rioters, has been
sentenced to three da3's solitary, and confinement in the
State Prison for life ! •

MASS. HORTICUL.TURAL. SOCIETY.

Fatmd.iy, Feb. 21,
From Mr Manning, a basket of the Danvers Winter
Sweet, or Eppes Sweet, the same kind exhibited on
a former occasion : a native; oneof the fairest and most
valuable and productive Sweet Apples yet known.
For the Committee,

WILLIAM KEiNRICK.

Mr Thomas Mason of Charlestown V"ineyard, exhib-
ited the following Flowers ;

Pasonia moutan Banksia; Azalcaindica; Azalea pur-
purea ; Iris chinensis ; Camellia pompone ; Comas alba ;
Gnaphalium glomeratum ; Salvia fulgens ; Polyanthus;
Roses; Viburnum tines ; Primula ; Geranium ; Stocks,
&c. By order of the Committee,

JONA. WINSHIP.

To Correspondents. — A number of valuable articles
intended for this day's paper, are of necessity postponed
to our next.

THERBEOMETRICAI/.

[Hepoitttl lor llle iXew KnalaiiJ larmtT.)
Range of Thermometer at the Maverick House, East
Boston, in a shaded Northwesterly exposure, free
from the wall.

l-'KnilUAKY, ;8^5.

7, A. M.

1, I". M.

3, P, .M

Mean

Monday, 16, -

10

20

20

24

TUESUAY, 17,

2G

32

33

30

Wed.ve.suay, Itf,

33

3G

33

34

Thursday, U),

33

41

3(i

37

Friday, 20, - »-

30

44

34

36

Saturday, 21,

33

42

30

38

Sunday, 22,

40

53

52

48

HORTICULTURAL, REGISTER &, GARD]£KKR'8
MAGAZINE,

For March, will be publishetl on Mendny next. —
containing articles of unusual interest and usefulness,
witli a splendid COLORED PLATK of the CANTUA.

The (leniand lor this piiblicatitin, and the interest
manifested by Correspondents, render the expectation
of a large edition quite certain ; and subscribers AviU be
supplied from the commencement of the volume,

GEO. C. BARRETT.

vol,. XIII. NO. 33.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

AVILLIAW PRINCE &, SOWS,
PRovniKinris „r i|„. Liiina'an noinnic Cir.Ira .nrul Niirse-
rr<;s-. annoi,,,.-,. il,o i;.||„«i„g; Cninlo^uos, . ill, gr<-a(ly r ,lucort
prices— Uii.iliigues win li arc tlistriliuled ffralis on aiiplicalioii
post paui. ^ ' '

No. 1.- Fruit anJ llnrily Ornamental Trees, Sliruhs ad
[•lams— |.p yi). '

2. liiillimis and i'ulii-roiis rooted Planls, Doulile Dalilias

.S-<'.— pp 21,

3. Green lion^e Trees, Shiulis and Planls—pp 44

4. Anieriean Midi:;eiionsTre. s.filirulis and Planl-^— pn50

6. Calal„f;ue ol Cirden, .-\gTi< ultnrnl and Flower Seeds

^- . ''" , 'I" il" do do

ni I'reneli

Books— Princess Trea-lso on Il.irlienliure. 75 ets

''" do The Vine g\ 50

''" . . ''" Friijls. or l'oniolo(;!ea! MannnI

eontanun? aeeurale deserlplions in dela^l nf about

oDO varielii's ol' Fruit-, in 2 volumes J'2 00.

The honks and ealaloc;ues can he Iransniillcd' by mail at a
postage of IJ 10 ;j reals. ■'

Cninese Mnlheny, or Morns Alnliicaulis trees ai i;-'.5 per
hundred or, SI 50 per dozen and cnUiuffs ,W per hundred"
hl.nX; ,y ""■;'"' ''^^r'^'^""''' "• S^ ^er doze,,, and >*20 per
hundred and upwards-Raspherries of fine kinds at from 5 ,0
.<;Sper lnudred_I„-,r.,.e l!ed ami Large Yellow, Antwerp
Large Red liarnel, Taylor's Paragon, and Peehive l!a i.her
T," f ', P,7 '"""'^'"'' "' '^^ 50 pe7 .Inzen-I.arge D el (' ,
ran s at 12 dis per l.un.lred or 2 25 per dn.e„-I,ar..e I,an.

colors 20 dls per hundred or 3 ,11s per doze -DouM,- D^l.lla"
dozen hW ■V"'""''' ''["YJ^y "^ ^> 3. * 60 and G rll pe/

g0^iK-^-.^::;r,-o CIS. .. ,. .^

qualiy ejipressly guaranteed Orders scnl direct hv , 1 T

263

UEGISTER PDR 1S3J.

.Iahes Luring, 132 W'asliingion «ireel,has just published
IIP JIassnchusclts Itegisler for 1R35, ronlaiuing the names of
die new Legislature, new city officers, justices, lawyers, min-
islers and doclnrs tliroiighont llie Slale; with die cashiers' of
die Hanks in iMaine, Veimont and New ILutlpshire, ami die
names n( the Banks in Couneetieul and I'Lliode Island. Also
a complete list of the posi masters, niihiiii odieers, collces'
education, missionary, liihle, Iran, sal.haih school, medical]
literary, marine, temperance ami cliarilalile societies ; hanks'
and insurance companies ; nalional, armv and navv depart-
ments; names of consul , ^-c. and much i/llier uscluf informa-
tion.

Also— just puhlislied, STORIF.S OF CEN. WAKPEV, in
r=lalioii to die Fifth of March M„ssi,rre, 'mil the Baltl,- of
tiunkfr Hill. To which is added. Gen. Warren's fiflh of
.Alarch Oraiion.— riy a Lady of Bosion. feb 25.

IMPROVED SHORT HOUWED STOCK.

To be sohl, a nnmi.er of line animals. Iron, tie breed of
Demon, Admir.al, Wye (\,mel, &e. Apply' t„ A. GnKf-N-
»o.,ii,onthe Welles farm, near Doctor Co<lmau'.s Meeiin--
House, m Dorchester. |-p|, 05 "

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

EARLY PIEJLD CORW.

.Ii'ST receiTOd,a qiiantliyof Ihe K.uly fiehl Torn, described
by .'^anniel h. Lalhrop in die 24lh number of ll,e present vol-
ume of the New England Farmer. G. C. PARUKTT

Feb 25

(prime)

BIORUS MUL,TICAUI,TS.

Trees of the above new variely of die .Mulberry for s.ile by
the subscriber at ,f)0 per hundred. ,§5 per dozen, and 50 cts
each, being about six feet high. Orders solirlied.

^''^- 'S. GRO f. lUURKTT

I^UCERWE, or PREJfCH CLOVER

;naun is hdiy ^^^^^"^t^niyt^:^-!:^^::^ i^z

or, al,so,\.Livmgslou, Fsq of Greensbumh N'y The I

n^zl;::::^^ "'"'' ^''''- ^'-"■"^'^■^'^-J,'':,. g:

"Fi.L'sHiNfi,2dmo. I83k. Resnecled frle,,,!. ■ i 1 ,
you a particnlar statement how rn'.m,aged','Ym.er ''''"''

'h^o^L^X^iZH ''l™'Sl P": '1^1-prlng.andhad
cr'.l'ahlZlT" "','"'" '"!«',";'«'« "• '»o P^.'ls. and hung lo^eth-

^ri;r:;;e::,z;:;:i ::^::;:^;'t:; '- '^■'' '^^-^ '--

much belter for all purposes ir^ Ih '1 ' '"■'' "'""'""■ ""'
Unless die land is very leve ' ?hink ^ n\ ^7 "'" '•"!"'■

wilh notches, 10 reoulale ihi |,ei„hf 1 "^T, "•"'''"

enct, me hnesl Lucerne country in France

.j^^SSini-'r&'Sr-iJ-l;:--:

Feb 18 »• li HAIti.fc,! l\
' •'*'■"' Ejls;lnnd Farm'r OJfirt.

TO L,ET,

r.?:^ " '",""■ "'"'''■'■ "' '"<'''' '>''■■"■'' " '""• f^f .-"-reed upon a
{•arm, cnnlainiiig one hundred acres of ; and miIiM , r
airy, wilh dwelling House, barn. an7ad of lier hiii l • ' ^^^^

COMPLETE SET OP THE PARMER.

For sale at this office, one complete set of die \ew Entfland
farmer, comprising Iwelve volumes, neally a d well bound
ami perfect. I'rice ,p 25 per volume, cash'. Feb. 18. '

W.IKTED

To hire froni three to five years wiihln three or four miles
of Boston market a Farm from leu In Ihirly acres of land vith
a goo,! , welling house and odier out buildings. For iufornia-
lion apply to No. 50 Faneuil flail illarket

.Ian. 2S.

GREEN HOUSE GL.ISS.
Of «<7)fr!or rt/c,!-«M^ widievervqnally of Window Ghss
for sale by LOKLNG .<i- KUPFER, No. 10 Merchanis' Kow.
Jan. 23. Omis.

MULBERRY AlVD SILK.

'^°'}.|,''^,.T'''^^''^'' "" "'" <'u'li>'adon of the Mulberry and
of Ihe N 'f f"*^ "" ™r'oved ..dition. For sale al die-office
01 IheW. t,. i<ariner. Price £0 cents

•''''"■ -'■ CEO. C. BARRETT.

HERDS GRASP, OR TIMOTHY SEED.

200 RusHKLS Herds Grass .-'eels, growth of I^3J, of very
goorl nuahly and unusually bright aii.l clean. jusi r.ceived and
forsalo at the New England Seed Store, 61 & 52 North Market

^'r™'-- CEO. C. 13ARKETT.

Jan. /.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEEDS
Nord'VaXnfreel,''" ^^^^ ^"S'-'" ^-^^ ^'ore, 51 & 52

A qu.anlily of fresh ami genuine While IMulherry-seed from
one ol Ihe greatest Mulberry Orchards in (^onnecuVut.war , n^
ed new and good, directions aceompanyhig each package.

Dec.31, IH.3-1.. GEO. C.R.^P^ReTt

G.IRDENIIVG.

Fr.ANCi^ Obershei.f German by birdi, 32 years of age,
having .a small family three years in this country-he ha
acquired a competent knhv,le,lge of English, ami wishes a Sol-
ano,, in Roston or ils vicimly. Waving, holh in Germ my and
he Unileil Slates given his altentioii exclusively ,0 gardc^n ,1^

p''n"r- r'p nn'^f;,''^"',;""''^"'''"" '" '' ^ 'employers. Direc
lol'.O. GARDENER, Providence, R. L Feb. 13

Appi.es, russets, ....
Bka.ns, white, ....
Bekk, mess, mew)
Cargo, No. I.

prime, • ■ . .

Rfesh AX, (American) .
l''UTTKK inspccle,l, -\o. 1, .
Chlkse, new milk, .

skimmed milk.
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
Fi.ax, American,
Fi.AxsEKi), none,
Floor, Genesee, . . cash
Raliimore, Howard street,
Rallimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
GRAi."i, Corn, noilhern yellow .
soiiihein yellow
white, " .
Rye, northern.
Parley,

Oals, nor hern, .
Hay, best English, . . . ,
eastern screwed, .
haAJ presscl, . . . .
IIonev,
Hops, Isl quality (new)

2d quality ....
Lahu, Roston. 1st sort, .
southern, 1st sort,
Leathlr, s'aughter, sole,
tlo. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philaflelpliia, side. .
Raltimore, sole, .
LiJiE, besi sorl, . . . .
PoRlv, Mass. inspect, extia clear, .

Navy, mess

hone. niitUllings,
Seeps, Hcni's Grass', (new) .
Red Top, northern. .
Red (plover, northern,
\".'liiie Dutch Honeysuckle, .
Tali.ow. tried, ....
Wool, |irime, or .Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full bh.od, washed,
do. 3-'Iilis do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1.4 antl common
Native washed,
c ^ f Pulled superfine,
t~z j 1st Lambs, .

" ■ ~ ■ do.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
bairel

bushel

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
pound

cwt.

pound

•Sotilliern p
less per

; g. I 3,1
^ I 1st
lulled wo

'pinning, .
ool is generally 5 cts.

FPOM

2 50

2 00

10 50

iiOO

« 75

20

1 +

8

H

w

35

10

1 23

575

6 37

5 50

5 25

72

G5

C6

80

.63

■17

18 00

13 00

UOO

37

II

10

9

7

19

10

JG

18

27

25

1 00
17 00
IG 00

, S

2 25
73
S.i
23

7 50
liO
50
43
38
32
38
50
40
30
23
35

5 00

2 L ,

II lli

8 75

7(iO

2.!

17

!l

C

45

38

II

i;i7

5 87

3 5(1

5 G2

5 37

72

68

G7

82

63

48

19 .',0

15 Ou

IGO<J

4?

12

n

n.i
20
Ji

IS

20

30
27

1 12
18 00

8 58

2 5(1
1 00

94
31,
8 00
G5
3S
SO
42
3G
40
5.5
45
3J
23
4U

r R O r I S I O N JI A R K E T .

Kr.TAlL PRICES.

TO LET.

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Laml, situated one
mde from the cily of New Haven-yerv desirable as a Dah
a great part being paslure, and pro,lnees good hay Thereis
a collage, -^nd every requisite buihiing. all newlv "erecled and
may be had (or such term of years as'may be agree,l up on a
'pos" "id") '""'' "' ^°- ^"^' ''"^'OiTicet :>.ew Haven,

The Slock of Cows, Team, and Tmplemenis of Agriculture,
may be taken wiih llic Fa m at a fair valuation. Feb. 25.

S. CHANDLER, LEXINGTON,

Has constantly on hand, for sale. Agricultural Implcmenis
of the most approved conslr.ictioi,, Herds Grass, Norllicin and
Southern Cl,.vef, Garden and Flower Seeds leb 23

Hams, norlhern,
southern,
PoRif, whole hogs.
Poultry, .

lltTTTER, (tub) .

lump
Eoos.
Potatoes,
CiDr.K,

pound

11

'•

8

"

6

'^

10

"

IG

•'

18

dozen

13

bushel

37

barrel

2 75

1.2
9
7
12
17
20
2i»

3 00

BRIGHTO.N MARKET.-MoNDAY, Feb. 23, 16%.

[Iteporlcd fur Ihe Daily Advertiser &. Patriot.]
At marl;et .573 Beef Cattle, TO Cows and Calves, BTO
Sheep, and ^/.j Swine.

Prices Berf C««Zf— Last week's prices were not
suppoited, particularly on middling qualities; three w
lour yoke e.xtraordinary fine .something over 34s Cd and a

^'■"i o7 !^\ "''■' '"^ ' "■" '!""'<' P"'"^ a' 31a Cd a 3.33 9.1 :
gooil 303 0,1 ; ihiii 05 „ 2cjs fid.

Coics and Calves— S:,\(^s .$17, 22 and 25.
Sheep— Lots stall fed were taken at 24s, 27, 30. S'^ 36
and a few al 42s. > 1 i > >

Siri'nc— All at market were taken in one entire lot q-
about. 5,1 ; no sni.-ill lots sold. At retail, most of which
were email, Cc for bows nnd 7 for barrows.

264

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

FEBRUARY 35, 1835.

S S -S §3 IL 2L <£i.

[From Ihe New Er.glanrt Maeazine.]
THE MORNIKG STAR.

A single starjusi risen !
How irantiuilly
In Heaven's pure shrine its image burns '.
Star of tlie morn, my spirit yearns
To be with thee,

Lord of the desert sky !

Night's last lone heir,
Calmly thou smilest from on high,
Gazing, as if an angel s eye

Were stationed there.

U it an idle dream ?
Or e:in it be
That in yon orb a spirit reigns,
Who knows tliis earth, and kindly deigns
To smile on me ?

Heaven's glittering train arc flown—

Quenched each pure spark-
Save where some distant Sun's pale ghost,—
Frail remnant of a scattered host, —

Peeps ihroiigh the dark.

But thou, fair pilgrim-star,
Night's youngest-born,
Wilt not withdraw thy steady light,
Till bursts, on yonder snow-crowned height.
The yellow morn.

Oft hive I watched, dear orb.
Thy early ray ;
A type art thou, of hopes that spring
When Joy dies— brightly heralding
A brighter day.

So, when from my life's course
Its stars are riven,
Riso o'er the death-mists gathering dun,
-Herald of an eternal Sun—

Rise, hope of Heaven ! F. H. Hei

obey without confusion or rfclay tho orders of the
directing niind ; when I saw the sailors, at the
word of coniir.and, cliriihiiill and cliiigmg to the
further ends of the yards to lash the sads, singly
and calmly intent upon their task, and as uuinuul-
ful of the" cold December hath uito which evei7
[roll of the ship phm-ed Iheni, as if they were
playina seesaw in the shipyard— when I saw tins
perfoct management of one well-manneil and well-
commanded American vessel, I ibund in it a nat-
ural solution of the wonderful growth oi this
country. And when I approached the noble har-
bor of New York, with its forest of masts, 1
entered more deeidy into the spirit and destiny ol
this laud of promise, that in time of peace throws
forth its merchant vessels, like bread upon the
water, for a plentiful liarvcst ; while, in tune ot
war like the Athenians of old, it seeks and hnds
salvation in its "wooden walls."— />r Fallen.

AN AJIIERICAN SHIP.

T well renieniber the impression made on my
mind by the first article of American manulacture
1 met with. It was at Havre, in France, the hnst
time in my life that I ha,l beheld the ocean, a few
,iavs before i was obliged to cross it. I was
w.dking aiom;- the r,uay with a French gentleman,
rmd as among the crowd of ves.sols beiore us
there, were but few that had hoisted their national
colors, I rcpiested my companion to point out to
mo Bom« of the American ships. He told mc
that I might, without any one to tell me, know
any Americau vessel in tho port from any other
hy its perfect neatness itnd order in every part ol
it The ship in which I embarked for the United
H<tate3— the same that a short time before had
carried to these shores tho faithful friend of this
■ ountry, the immortal Lafayette— that ship was
the first .'article of American manufacture that met
my dolighKMl eyes. The whole of my voyage
confirmed my first impression. Insignificant as it
may be in Itself, we know that personal experience,
,i8 it brings home to its the reality of things that
we before knew only from hearsay or from books,
helps UB greatly to form a just estimate ot the most
oomplicated, comprehensive and important obj.'cts.
When I saw, duriug a heavy soa, the whole crew
like the well trained members of one athletic man

LITERARY PIRACY.

Upon the first appearance of "Akenside's
Pleasures of Imasination," the author's name not
bein- prefixed, a Mr Rolt, author of a "Diction-
ary of Trade and Commerce," had the impudence
to go over to Dublin, publish an edition, and put
his^iame to it. Upon the tame of this he lived
several months, being entertained at the best ta-
bles as the "ingenious Mr Rolt." Akenside at
Ien.'tli, detecte.l the fraud, and ymdicated his
right, by i-ublishing the poem with the real au-
thor's name. .

Dr Campbdl, of St Andrews, wrote a treatise
on the Autlicnticity of the Gospel History, and
sent the manuscript to his friend and cotmtryman,
a Mr Innes, a clergyman in England The latter
pubrishe<l it with iiis own name, and before he
; imposition was discovered, obtained considerable
promotion as a reward of merit.

Dr Hugh Blair, and Mr Ballantine, a triend of
his, when students of divinity, wrote a poem, en-
titled, "Redemption," copies of which, m Manu-
script, were handed about. They were at length
surprised to see a pompous edition in folio, dedi-
cated to tlie Queen, hy a Dr Dandier, as his own.
Chambers' Edinburg Journal.

SILKS AT REDUCED PRICES.

Pi.AR •^ToNi- l'.KKWFK nilendius to make a i.evv arraiige-
mfmlinns^u^nesU.II sell in. slock of 6,1k Goods at very
reduced prices, VIZ :

'"0 Pieces I'.lk. Gros de Naples (sllgluly spoiled) al 2o el»>
ne7y' d- 3 d,.. perlec. 2s. do. 2.^ do. S, per.or ^aijns Levan-
^ne, M do-lO.lo. do. Ss.-lMlo. UuhSiripeddo 3.9■-
« ' ,; liu'l m,d Superior CoI'd I'ouk de Sees, is.-30 do. do
(so led lb -25 do. Henvv I'.IU. Sir.chRws Irom 2s.t. to 3s 6
iTch' di Sarsne.s, iron, 2s.-.o 2s. C.-lOO Less aUe,.. tig.
HIack Canlon Capes al Gs. per paUern-50 d". do- to m.,lch
7s 6-50, In. .lo. Ii;own.7s.C-50 pieces I'.lack Cautoii Crapes
as. per var,l-20 do, H,'avv HlkTurk ^ai.ns (J-k m w.dlh)
Rs 6 ,lo .io llaliai^ Lustrings 5s.-U),lo. eon.mon do.-K--10
'lo.Fig'd Old .-laid ^ars„e''ts.2s.C_20do. Grecian fe a ly
of superior lahrie and ligures .'fe.9-a ew pic;es I'^-'-'^'J^

.Salins. No. 4H \Vashm£lonJ<i^^
liHZIi^ CELEBRAl^iSlwRSEZiNIMEMT, "

rs c /'r„,\-/.« llirnl-Giills, Old Strums, Slijf

strahml m the back dncM-^. vmng xn the withe, .,.\c..

for Glandular swdlings oj the Inroat-

■i'l,p :„o.re,llenis which coniu,)se diis prepar. t,on have oeen

Nu^ub,iess. sXes' , or Weakness in the lo.nts, w.ll find .h,s

'■Tvpa:,:dt-!l";;^n";issf;^^;.s, Druggist a.d

^'S^^;^,?pji;!ic^;er4r:rr?!rihat each label is
Pri« of large Bo.lles one dollar^smalUhvT^^

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS.

, I i; , 1 <i,,r.^ cinnecled with the New
.T„ST re,;e,ved at ihe be. d . u.re ^-""^,' ^^^, ,,,,„,

Englan.l Farmer Oflice, .^ ' ■ ^.V^,;-v,„e„i,le and Flower
iClon, the frealesl "'''''>, °,.°;-\,„^,f„r„hicli are now
Seeds to he l.nind in New tngbn' , " "'O ^' ^

wanted (or Hot '^^^^'-'J,;,^^'^^ , i 'rer, Proccoli, Sweet

lorlorcig, (wlnlo and ?"^'^".'-'^ ,,„,„, x.^. comprising

,„eve., first <|ual,ly^ of all kinds, Her.ls or Timothy,

Also. ailAkS f\\f;"f "' ^'' Lucerne, Orchard Grass.

^^frK"'oa;;^i::^,^^^^elow^tmarket^pnees,

wholesale and retail.

Duelling at New Orleans.- A correspon-
dent of the Baltimore Patriot at New Orleans de-
scribes a state of society existing there of which
we had no idea, and in charity must believe the
statement in some measure exaggerated, llie
rage for duelling is at such a pitch that a jest or
sinart repartee is suftieient excuse for u challenge,
in which powder and balls are the arguments.
The Court of Honor has proved nnsitccessltil m
its .operation, and no person, it is said, has yet
dared to stem the current of popular opinion.
The accunicy of the Creoles with the pistol is
.aid to he astonishing, and no youngster springing
into life, is considerc.1 entitled to the cla.ms of
manhood, until made the mark of an adversary s
pistol. In their shooting galleries, the test ot
their aims is by firing at a button at 10 or 12
paces' distant, suspended by a wire, which, wdien
struck, touches a spring that disc oscs a fla.i;.
There are but few who miss more than once in
three times. An api^.intment for a duel is talke.l
of with the nonchalance of an invitation to a din-
ner or supper pnity. — .V. Y. £tar.

lie that rises late must trot all day,— and will
scarcely overtake his business by night.

EXTRA EARLY PEAS.

-,. T- 1-.=, IKvnH- Pea n rows alioiU 20 inches high, is a

'"■^!.::k:?G?X:rn^r^h:r:' will l.c snppned with large or
small .;uant;t,es if apphed for early ■■■ '^--- --"(^

jail 7.

'cl^^rriuKRETT.

' iTjiE NEW ENGLAND PARMER

,s pnhlislie<l every Wednesday ^^^^^^fl^^ ^;:;Z^n

'TrNo papcr'w:iT be sent to a distance wi.liou. payment
being made i,i advance.

AGENTS.
,V„, York-C, C.TH0fiBUUN,G7l.iberty-streel.
1 A«o l-""' ' ■r.icnner.N, .'i47 Market-stiect.
-'"'•';"'/T) ■ n « r 1 ANDBKTH, 85 Chcsnut-slrect
Pl''i-'<I1''''''-P.f^.^^^^^^^^^ of Ame.ican Farmer.

/J„/„„,e,T-l. 1. II ic > "CK,^ Mnikel-slreet

r;;;^;;;::'Ny^VM'.'rn,Kc;',S-.o^s Prop. Liu. BoLGar.
S/:^r^7.-WicHTCH.r.|^N, Merchant.

^-SS;,'My;";u;,sW.^os^uHookseller.
Aa^isla, Me-Wll.l.AKn bsELL, Uiu^^i^t-

Si 1^ ^-^ • ' ^^- "-rEsM. Editor of Recorder.
St. loiiis-OKO. HoLTON^ ^^^

^^i^^lT^r^TLE AND WEEKS,

No. 8, Pdiool Street.
„„r,.Ksror..-B..TiKOB.c..vi.nBVTH.,««..snHB.

"'^^.^^^^A^^.^I'ARMER,

VOL, XIII.

^x A R D E NE R'S JOURNAL

^^==^ SJKhJLT, (Agricultoral Warehodsb.I-T c

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARcTHs;

REHOdse;.)-T. G. FESSKNDEN, EDITOK.

TRAKSPLAWTIIVG.

T. G. Fessenden, Esq.

fn.1t„U T " "T ^-^I'--'-'- in transplanti,,,;
w ch r , ^""."""'^ "'« following ,neti,o.l

Sevpj-al years since

of the tree wlncl. stands to the south before they

a e removed front the nursery and he ca,-ef, to

u the same side to the south when they a.^se

MS ntay appear chimerieal to persons wl>o have'

never observed the difference ilt trees where tWs

ices Horn this simple cn-cumstance, wiiich apna-

1 e 4:r";r", ""'"""'•^' ^°'- ^-•-«" >-- -'i

e sa attention to every tiling else in set-
ting—the reason is obvious as every one who
ivi 1 notice either a fruit or forest 'tre wh ti
c dow.,, which has stood m the open land

""';m'l!;r_°^''--i-'-'y-icJ

NO, 34.

J, - I J'urcliased at a niirserv I is A- fl.„ ---■—■-". ■■■le iree is nearly twice

owned by a quaker on the Nortli river a i n b • ,1 / ^ *; '°""' '"'^ ^'''^ """^ side of the tree

,of trees of choice engrafted fruit, and lehi "d" ' If T' "' "" """' "" "^« -'"' '-'^ '-i"^ ^o
ous tl,„t „....;„„ .,....,. . '. e'".clesn-|much larger as to make this difference Now

ous that nothing should be oinitted that"wou
secure a reward for my trouble and expense a I
afford the luxury of good fruit, I adopted the Co

niem, wlncli was tlien with n^^ ... , ^ °

but It proved to be one whicli e.pialled mymoJt
sang^nne expectations. In the t^rst placeVwl-
care ui to have the holes where the f'ees were io
stand, dug at least two months before I set Ten,
carefully laying the sods (for it was trass la J
where set the trees,) in k heap by th m e '
laying the grass side down that they milht eom?
completely rotten by the time of setti " t ,e tTeT '
uid which I consider better than aV lan re '
•o place round the roots in setting, also to lav he

ave the holes dug two or three feet larger in cir
ces.sa,y that the roots may have au opportunity

iiii- shou d Ifl ,'"'j°'"'"ff «^arth. Great

ots natmlllv Z''"'^" '° ''^^'^ '^' ^^''^"^

ots na uially spread, and the pulverized sods

•>nly placed around them, tha e e tl li^v

ay be afforded for the support of th^'-Ll M^

|.r:^.r^::^ri-2tL-^^^^
Sdri^^^^^^^^^^

rI~''--sr^i^:-tS

ere I live ''""=' ''''"^'^'""y ''^ ">'' spring

Mnv w ''^'■" '^" '^^' °*" April or firs,

May where trees are set in the sprin. the
es should he du-^ in th» M\ V '^

._l.«ln„„pe,i„.e,h„i,i'„„|,,°I,';;;i"

'■- the side which has stood to the south to the
noi, a d 3ou must necessarily check the growth
of the tree, as the side which has enjoyed the se
n;al rays of the sun -which has ca sed t s in
c -eased growth, cannot stand the chilling blasts of
i-e north w nd and thrive. I have found , a
ree. do much better to rub the bodies and Hm.
a a. as you can reach, with soft soap diluted a

te with water ; this should be done in Mai and
: L '.^ 'IZ "''"'' '"■<' g^"«-"y to be found

on the bark of the trees and cause a vigorous ac

It.on, which will faeilitate their growth." If t lere

- aM.y rough hark on them it should fir.st be care!

"lly scraped off with a, hoe. Sometimes trees

to cattle which appear stinted and have their
.des closely attached to, their bodies,) this nay

be cured by taking a shar,, pointed knife and

mak. an incision longitudinal^ from the liiS

to the ground m the month of June

I thmk my trees have succeeded best on sward
land, where care has been taken as often as eve^
other year, to loosen the earth with a dung f^rl
fo. a few feet around the trees and apply a moder
nure "iTtf "' T"? '"'•" >'"''' "r -mpost m .

"less t, ""-"'' " "''='' "'"""g «■"" ''•^es,

unles., the greatest care is observed, which you
can rarely if ever secure if left to hired inen
their trunks will be galled and i^any time so ^
jured as to cause the death of the tL, and tli e
1. also danger of the roots being disturbed and
b oken by the plough. I am Ltisfied that if
o.chards are once ploughed they must continue to
e ploughed and manured as often as once n
three years or the trees will not flourish

Nurserymen generally, if not always, apply so

nnch manure and cuhure to theii- ground o

bring forward their trees and give them a tSiftv

t"' n :' ?■ '"•"T™""^' •""' ■'' g-at care is Lot

rromdtLr" ". g'-""l- '°«se and manured

a.e transplanted, they will remain stationary, and
l-y inattention to wliat may seem thin.^s of li In
consequence, the expectati'ons of those" w .o " e
ooking tor a speedy reward for their trouble ami ex
Pense in procuring choice fruit, are for a lon4" i me"

nay be useful to mention here ; his nursery con-
amed several acres and he told me that 'ui fl
t-ees were obtained by ,he following simp j ' "
ess viz: after, he had procured h s sZ'/ he

Xet::"co!rr'^""'"r'^'''^^''-«----

two In les in '' '""""■ °'' "" '''■'' "^ «"« or

on^ natural When i:t;:c:L,';h^r:-rf

set ,1 ''adhnished enough for a row he

Witlviv-^ru to the

nother important thing to be attended to if of , T' " 7' -'-f ■'''^'; "'sappointed. The quak

--■> the trees to do well is to mark the °d ' ^ui ""a wa'^wS' l:"" '"" ''""'"'''''' "'

a way nhich was new to me and which

Whites, blacks, and b.;;;;-;:'!!;:;^:- :f

flowens, ,t may be adopted, as a rule s. Jc en"for
most practical purposes, that whites look v^I be

bhck:i"'r '"■ '"•"°'"' '''•' '''^'^^ -«' brown that
blacks look best next to gi-een.s, reds, and whites

and that the same will hold good as ,0 brow!!'

In arranging hyacinths in a bed, or chry.san^e"

mums on a stage, all the varieties having the sane

color for a ground should be pla.-ed together for

example, all the reds : but, ti preyent^the nonot

ony that would result from salmon running iUo

c un.so,i and crimson into lilac, there may be n

foduced between them streaks of white and

sometimes of black or brown, to keep up the

barmony. It must be recollected that, in anZ-

."g flowers according to their colors, some W

of^ botanica arrangemem must be kept itr:tw;

lbati.>, all those varieties whi^h approach the'

togethei . This may Irequently be done, and har-
mony preserved, without the introductiot^ of either
win es or blacks; but, where i, cannot, whites 0
blacks will afford the desired contr'ast. It
diftcuh, ,f not impossible, to give detailed direc-
tions on this subject without the aid of colored
pla es; and, even m that case, much must be left
to the taste and feeling „f ,he operator. W .
won d recommend our correspondent to store his
mmd with Ideas on the subject from the works of
Burnet and of Philips, on painting ; or, if these
works he too bulky for his purpo^^, >;« vyoul 1
ecommend a small work, by a scientific house-
painter, Dr Hay of Edinburgh, entitled The Law.
of Harmonious Coloring, S,-c., by D. R. Hay. If
our correspondent possesses our Encyclopaedia
of Cottage, Farm, and Villa .Irchiiccture, ov even

266

i::^;^^r^i^i'Z^\n^^M find (§2013) how
Lighly we think of Mr Hay's essay ; and h
uJe to conceive in what way Jt wiH J- - '^
to him in the arrangements ot his fioweis.
Loudon's Magazine.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 4, 183S.

TEA SHRUB.

The Rev. Calvin Wait, of Warren cotinty in
d.is Sta.o. l,as addressed to the Hort,cnltural Soc-
etv of Pittsl)uri.h a communication in relerence to
LrLb, whiclt grows extensively ■" L;---
townshi.., of that county, and winch >s supposed
oTe e real Tea Shrub. The principal reason
i ned for this belief is the resemblance wh.i
■I'ea .nade iro.n it bears to the nnported. M,

"^^'iXi l,e highly gratified if the Socie^
take an interest in examining this ^"W"-;! ^'.^
Shrub. The belief that it is the rea/ a t.clc s
th esen.blauce which Tea made from it be.n-s to
imported Teas, as we have not the means oi eon-
a"'ng th. shrubs. It is found most co.muo^,^
L hi^h land, growing in a light sandy so 1 The
(.eight does not generally exceed ""•'^^ ieet T e
leaves are green, not far from an inch in length.
The flowels are white. The seeds resomble
those which are sometimes found m impoited
Tea. The kind or flavor of Tea very mneh de^
pends upon the season and manner of cunng it
It niay be cured in the month of June beiore the
leaves are fully grown, and in July when it is m
blossom (which, perhaps, is the best time,) and
later in the season till frost comes I have ascei-
tained by trial that dilftrent shades of color can
be produced in curing."

We profess no great skill, in these matters, and
are nerhaps, too little of enthusiasts, yet a sub-
i^,.; 'o curious and interesting, surely deserves to
l.e closely looked into. Meanwhile we are
t..mpteJ to extract from the EncycopcAa Jhnen-
ranan portion of the article » Tea." _ Pe,»,. .Id-

'"""The tea plant so strongly resembles tile camel-
lia in its botanical characters, that it has lately
h.en referred to that genns. The flowers mid
leaves are, however, much smaller. The shiub
attains the height of five or six feet, and is brand-
ing and evergreen. The leaves are alternate
oval-oblong, serrated, about an inch ami a halt in
length, of a dark, glossy-green color, and tirm
texture. The flowers are solitary or in pans,
dlsiiosedin the axils of the leaves -the corolla
white, and compo.sed of six petals. It is a native
of China and Japan, and has been cultivated, and
i„ common use in those countries, trom the most
remote antiquity. Tea was hardly known m bu-
rope before the middle of the seventeenth century,
■ but now has become an article of such comnier-
<-ial iuiportance in that portion of the globe, as to
emplov more than filiy thousand tons of sh.piung
in the'transportation of it trom Cant.ni. btill so
vist is the home consumption, that it is alleged,
that were Europeans to abandon the commerce
altogether, the pric. would not be much dimmish-
,.J in China. It apjiears to he cuhivated m all
parts of China, even in the vicmiiy ot 1 cKm,
which is in the same latitude as riiiladeli.h.a, and
has a very similar climate. It succeeds l«^st in
south exposures and in the neighborhood ot run-
ning water. As the seeds are very apt to spoil,
and scarcely one in five will germinate, it .s nsna
to plant several in the same hole, at the depth ol
(.bur or five inches. The plants requin; little fur-

tb;;eare than that of removingtl^wee^stjUtheln^^^^

tUird year, when the leaves may be f '' ;; ;,/;>3 ,y ^le lower classes. That which is brouglit
seven years, the plants have attained the "''fc'" ^T^^; ^ c,,,^,,, „„„ ..ndergocs a second roasting
six feel; but, as they bear few '-^-^^'.f.X . wim owing, and packing, &c. ; and many hundred
trimmed down, which produces "^^'^.^ "'"';, I ^^„,„,„ „,^' employed for these purposes. A a
of new leaves. The leaves are Pl'f ^^ f ' "' ^^ ^^ "^ ,,,,,, ,J ol" tea, the flowers of the cav^dha
by one, with many precautions; and o,^ ly f' « '; ° <; ^-^^^ ... ,„ „, eollected. The leaves in-

jur to fifteen pounds are collected '" « f J; ''^ ^"^^f ^.^ p„„t are often used, and sometimes
a district in Japan, where^dieU^P^ar^seuW^d^^ .f the'other species of eamelUa. though

ted with peculiar care,.

place at the end of the winter, when tl e le ye
L-e voung and tender, and ar.' only a few lays
o d: thes:, on account of their scarcity and deai-
ne's, are r;served for the wealthy, and call d ^m-
perial tea. The second gathering '^>^^'l^^
nine of sprint, when some leaves have -^tt'""^^
h- full size: and others are only expanding: al
a e lathered promiscuously, and afterwards sor t
I'dMhe yovingest especially are separated wi^
areat care and often sold for the in,perial. T h^
Th n ind ast gathering takes place towards the
llcof the summer: the leaves are now fully
ex ied, of inferior quality, and are reserved
tl the common people. In China the leaves a e
probably collected in the same mannei. Fh «e
Lretvvo varieties of the tea plant— T. vvidis
::ith broader, leaves, and T. '-'- " J^^^. -'"^'^
writers considered distinct species. /»■""'>'"
was thought that green tea ^as gathered exelu
sively from T. viridis ; but this .s now doubtful
though it is certain there is what is ca led the
^nZ^ea district, >^A the Hack tea d^slrut■an^
the varieties of the one difier f>om those oe
other district. Doctor Abel was told by compe-
tent persons, that either of the two P'^""^; " ;*;
ford the black or green tea of the shops, but ,1 at
,|.e T. viridis is preferred f- -naking gre n t. •
The names given, in commerce, to the ditteient
so s of tea, "are unknown to the Chinese, the nn-
pcu'al excepted, and are -PPO-d to have been
appliftl by the merchants at Canton. The tea
l'. ves being gathered, are cured in houses which
ontai'n from five to ten or twenty --'' |"™--^
about three feet high, each having "^ the top a
large, flat, iron pa-i. There ,s also a long, low
able covered with mats, on which the leaves are
laid, and rolled by workmen, who sit >-o""<l ';
The iron pan being heate.l to a certain degree by
a little fire made in the furnace underneath, a tov
pounds of the fresh gathered leaves are put upon
he pan ; the fresh and juicy leaves eraHv ^U en
.' touch the pan ; and it is the business ot the
„,„Lor to shifMhem as quickly as PO-'We with
1,1 bare hands, till they become «° ^'"^ '? J^
easily endured. At this instant, he takes ofl tl e
leaves with a kind of shovel resembling a.fan, and
noirs hem on the mats: other operators now
dig small quantities at a time, roll them m the
all. of their hands in one direction, while a
i: -d set are fanning them, that they "-y -" ;'-
.nore speedily, and retain their curl the long, i
Thsp ocess is repeated two or three times, o,
oft;n^r, before the tea is put in the stores mrn^
that all the moisture .pay be thoroughly d,.s pate
and their curl more completely l'>--'vcc On
everv repetition, the pan is less heate.l, and t c
openition perfi.rmed more closely atij cau uou^.
The tea is th..n separated into the d.flerent km.ls,
and deposite.l in the store for domestic use o. ex-
po, tati.n. Th.> difterent sorts of black and green
i'l not merely fro.n soil, situation, or the age of
the leaf; hut arter winnowing the tea, the leaves
takn..p in succession as they fall ; those

.hat practice is rather to be --d"- '" ^^ ^
of a.lnlteration. Several other plants app a. to
be used as substitutes for tea, as a species o imo .,
dift-erent sorts of ferns, &c. ; and m J"P.'"_; "^
leaves of the o(ea fragrans are used to g'^« " '
high flavor. The seeds of the tea plan, as we
as of the camellias, and especially of 1 e C. ok
/er«,are crushed for their ofl, which ^ " .„7,?
general use in the domestic economy oi China.

PROPERTIES OP SUGAR.

Dutrone calls sugar the most perfect alin.entaV,

S 2 it, U.at'" sugar affonls the greatest qua.-

,1 exelu- of any object mm > ^ ^.^^_ ^ ^^^^,„,,

'^-^'^^''l::^tv rmX3".^"Sthe time when tlie^
portation of sugar and the importation of g.au
were suspended from the want of ships.

The plentifiil use of sugar in diet is one of tl.
be., ^e'ven.ives that ever has been a-ov^ered
tie diseases which are produced by wornis^ N
t . e seems to have implanted a love {ortU.j\
n,ent in all chihUen, as if it were on purpose t
defend them from those diseases.

s" Jo m rringle tells ns that the plague w

na,"t fevers of dl kinds has been lessened by t
!e o su Ar Dr Rush observes, that, m disc
rofrhr.L, sugar is the basis of m^^

agreeable remedies, an.l it is useful in «ea
;;:sses, and acrid dcfluxions in other part of t
body.-t

. He that undertakes, says Dr Slare, to argne ag.
sweets in .-eneral, takes upon him a very d.fficu t ta.

,„,e<.ts.-£rf»'«rrf6-' rVcsl Indies.

* The celebrated Dr Franklin had taken large qua

Lnd benefit fro,n if, but '^^':'^^^fiX
.nedic.nal ,.ait of the jam resided w'-''^-

--''^^riis'i^rr^l^hetito

::^c;::C:^iac„Jnd the same reliertlia

opinion does not deserve a serious reflection.
Phil. T)-ans. vol. m.

VOL. XIII. NO. 34.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

267

The cek-brated Tronchin recommended " Eaii
Sucre " for almost every liialady. Dr Fortliergill
was very anxious that the price ol" sugar should
he siifticiently moderate to render it accessible to
the mass of the people. From experiments made
by some eminent French surtrccns, it appears to
be an antiscoibutic, aud this is confiniiod by well
known ficls.*

Althmifjii sugar lias for so long a time been
used in our alimentary pi-eparations, it is only
since it has been analyzed by the French chem-
ists, that it has become to be considered in itself
an alimentary substance. The base of sugar is a
glutinous matter, which, iu its proper combina-
tion, is extremely pure and perfectly soluble, and
consequently iu the most favorable circumstances
for easy digestion. It is therefore extremely
wholesome and nutritious. Of this there is
abundant proof. Duriiig the crop time in the
West Indies, all appear fat aijd flourishing ; the
cattle which are fed on the cane tops and the
SGummings, become sleek, and in better condition,
although more worked at that time than at any
other. The negroes drink freely of the juice,
and the sickly among them revive and become fat
and healthy. In China and in India the same
beneficial effects are recorded. We are told by
Sir George Staunton, that in the former country,
many of the slaves and idle persons are frequently
itiissing about tlse time that the canes become
ripe, hiding themselves and living entirely in the
plaotations,

A writer from ludia observes, " That comfort
and health arising to a poor family from a small
patcii of sujpircaue, exclusively of what the jag-
gry may sell for, can only be known to such as
may have •observed them in the time of cutting
the canes, and noted the difference in their looks
before the crop begins, and a month or six weeks
after."

Tire Cochin Chinese consume a great quantity
of sugar; they eat it generally with their rice,
which is the ordinary breakfast of people of all
ages and stations.

There is little else to be obtained in all the inns
of the country but rice and sugar ; it is the com-
mon nourishment of travellers. The Cochin Chi-
nese not only preserve in sugar all their fruits, but
even the greater part of their leguminous vegeta-
bles, gourds, cucumbers, radishes, artichokes, the
grain of the lotus, and the thick fleshy leaves of
the aloe. They fancy nothing is so nourishing as
sugar.. This opinion of its fattening ]n-operties,
has occasioned"a whimsical law. The body guard
of the king, selected for the ])urpose of |)omp, are
allowed a sum of money with which they must
buy sugar canes, ami they are compelled by law
to eat a certain quantity daily. This is to preserve
the embonpoint and good looks of those soldiers
who are liouored by approaching so near to the
person of the king ; and they certainly do honor

* A vessel came from the West Indies heavily laden
sugar. A calm that had not been foreseen, prolonged
Uie passage till all their provisions were exhausted.
The sugar was the only resource left to the crew, and
nourished by it, they at lengtli arrived safily in port.
Some sailors had died of scurvv during the voyage and
many were tlireatened with death fruMi the same cruel
malady. The scurvy ceased when its victims were,
from necessity, reduced to the sugar diet, and the reme-
dy was, at the same time, an agreeable aliment. —
Le Gazette De Sante, No. xliv. 178.3.

to their masters by their handsome appearance. —
There are about five hundred of them, all equally
sleek and plump, being actually fattened by sui,'ar.
Domestic animals, horses, buftalocs, elephants, are
all fattened with sugarcane in Cochin China.

Sugar has been found to be an antidote to the
l)oison of verdigris, if taken speedily and in abim-
dance ; and, unlike many other organic sidi.stances,
its nutritious qualities are not liable to change
from the operations of time or seasons. — Porter un
the Sufcar Cane.

ITEMS.

Fat Cattle in Hatfield. — Last week the
following animals were weighed in Hatffeld ])re-
vious to starting for Urighton : A pair owned by
Silas D. White weighed 4,720. Two pair owned
by John Hubbard, one pair 4,145, the other 3,075.
One pair owned by Harvey Graves, 4,230. One
pair owned by James Warner, 4,090. Two pair
owned by Roswell Hubbarfl, one 4,950, the other
3,805. One pair owned by Levi Graves, 3,565. —
J^orthampton Courier.

PROFITABLE COW.

A Cow of the dairy of Mrs Elizabeth Sawyer of
Sterling, has for the last four years brought calves,
which have been sold at the Quincy market, at tlie age
of seven weeks, in the month of February each year,
at the following prices :

1832, weighed 130 lbs. - - $ 13 25

1833, " 118 lbs. - ■ - - 13 78
1S34, ■' 125 lbs. - - 13 88
1835, " 115 lbs. - - - 13 95

$54 86

During the first three weeks of the present year,
ten pounds of butter were made from the same
cow, and it is believed, had the same care to pre-
serve all the milk m former years been taken as
has been ilds, as much butter might have been
made. 40 lbs. of butter at Is. - - - (;G7

$01 53

Cold in Georgia. — The unprecedented cold weather
of the past week has nearly suspended all business. It
has produced a good deal of sickness, and several
deaths.

The cold on Sunday was without doubt the intenscst
ever experienced in Georgia. As slated by oui corres-
pondent, the thermometer at daybreak in tliis place
stood at two and a half degrees below zero I In JVlil-
ledgeville at sunrise it stood at nine degrees below zero !
In Augusta same time at two below. The weather has
since considerably moderated.

The previous warm weather had called out many
flowers, and set several of our neighbors to gardening —
some of whom had cabbages, peas, &c. out ol' the
ground ! — Georgia Tetegrapli of Feb. 12.

Stage Drivers. — -There is hardly a class of men
whose sobriety of habits and carefulness are of more
importance to the community than that of stage drivers.
So far as our circumscribed vision extends in regard to
this matter, the public, around us, are happily |)rovidcd
in this respect; — but it seems not to be the ca.se in iiU
places. A drunken artizan may spoil the material which
you commit to his hands, without endangering your
life ; but the stage-driver has often your life and limb
in his own hands, and if either they, or his head.' be-
come unsteady by inebriety, results may happen from
this cause of the most fatal and irreparable nature.

The following, is a statement of the-iacts connected
with the melancholy circumstances which resulted in
the death of Mr Bullard, of Boston, some days since,
as related in the Concord Freeman of last week.

" The driver on taking charge of tlie team at Groton,
was observed to be not very well capable of manag-
ing his team, which was observed by several persons:
one of whom leniarked on his incapacity to drive it.
It is not pretended tliat he was drunk at the time,
Ijut laboring under the stupifijing effects of iiUozication.
Af\er the'arrival of the stage at the stopping place in

Littleton, he there took his glass of grog. Mr Bullard,
a proprietor in this line of stages, rode on the box wifh
him, and had occasion to rouse him from sleep twice
after leaving Groton. Mr 15. was still on the box with
the driver when lliey lef\ Littleton ; on arriving at the
summit of the hill where the accident happened, the
driver was unable to control his team, four spirited
horses, and they ran full speed down the hill, coming
in contact wit^ Mr Po\verS''s (who strove in vain to
give more roomj six-horse loaded wugon — striking first
the fore wlieels then the rigging of the wagon, and
then the hind wheels, which upset the coach ; the
horses, wifh llie fore, wheels wero providentially dis-
engaged from the ^tage, ran a short distance together
when the leaders broke loose and went on for a mile or
two Mr Bullard, liolding on the railing of the coach
as it turned over, swung round and and fell under it
upon his side. Another passenger upon the box was
thrown several feet beyond the coach, and considerably
bruised; tlie driver shared a similar fate. After being
extricated, Mr B. was heard to attribute the misfortune
to a drvniicn drirr.r ; and afterwards added that he was
on the point of taking the reins himself when the horses
ran. Previous to expiring, Mr B. communicated to
those in attendance the facts above stated — whicli we
have gathered from those who have investigated the
matter, and are ready to corroborate their statement."
— Salem Observer.

New Isstitutio.v for Euccatisg Females. — We
see by an arlicle in the Springfield Gazelle, that a nevr
(orthodox) Iiistitulion for Educating Females, is about to
be eslablislied al South Hadley, in this Stale, on the
same plan as the Female Seminary located at Ipswich,
in this county, under the care of Misses Grant and Lyon.
The writer of the communication in the Gazelle ob-
serves : — "Many individuals from "its conunencement
watched the developemcnl and influence of the Ipswich
Seminary, have long fell a desire to see other institutions
established on similar principles so that the admirable sys-
tem of moral, inlellectual, and physical discipline there
in operation, may not ti rnunale with the lives of its prin-
cipals, but be transmitted to posterity." MissLvoN will
take ch.irgfi of the new Institution, when it goes into op-
eration. The new Seminary at South H.idley is to be
called " Pungynaslican Seininary." As tliis name may
sound rather queer (says the Editor of the Springfield
Gazette) when unexplained, we vv.ill anticipate the wri-
ter a liltle by stating, that it is composed of three Greek
words, denoting the entire educalion of woman, moral, in-
tellectual, and physical. — Salem, Obs.

Great Fire at Charleston. — Our city which has
fur some considerable lime been exempt from fires of
any great m.ngnitude, was visited yesterday morning be-
tween one and two o'clock by a destructive conflagration
which ragee! for thtte or four hours, laying in ruins up-
wards of fifty houses, and ilio most venerable and time-
honored of our Churches. The most striking feature in
this calamity is the destruction of St Philip's Church,
commonly known as the Old Church. Twice before
Ind this Church escaped when surrounded by fire. In
1700 it was preserved by a negro man, who ascended it,
and was rewarded with his freedom, for his perilous ex-
ertions ; and again in 1610, it narrrovvly escaped the
destructive fire of that year, which commenced in the
house adjoining the Church Yard on the north. — diaries-
ton Courier, Feb. 17.

Teaching the Dumb to t-'pF.AK. — A paragrajih has
been going the rounds of the newspapers, announcing as
an astonishing novelty, that the Abbe Janet, of Korinan-
(iy, " has succeeded in leaching a person to speak who
has been deaf from his nativity." The novelty is now
of 3.50 years slaiuling. I'cdro Ponce instructed four deaf
mules in Spain to write and speak in 1570, and John
Bonnet published tlic method in 1020. In 1(j.5!), Drs.
Holder and Wallace succeeded in the same difiicull task
in England ; and it has ever since been a regular branch
of instruction in that country. The tones of the voice in
such persons have always been "singular," and gener-
ally " unpleasant." — Jinnals of Education.

Ga.mbling is Paris. — The French government draws
yearly from the fir.lls of the metropolis, a revenue of
atujut £220,000 sterling. The keepers of these dens re-
alise at least three limes as much, making in all nearly a
million sterling; and yet there arc fools who still go to
such places to win money.

Wealth of a Chukcii. — Trinity Church in the city
of New York is said to bo^worlh twenty millions of dol-
lars; and its capital i.-i constantly increasing. — Sun.

260

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH4,1S35.

^^22ia<S'

[For the New Englanil'Farmer.]

MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY FOR PROMOTISTG
AGRICULTURE.

REPORT ON FARMS.

The Committee on the hest cultivated Farms
tveport,

That one claim, and one only, has been made,
under this head, and that is by Mr Amos Shelden,
111" Beverly, — on his farm of 212 acres, — to whom
ihey recommend the second premium of $100
While the Con)mittee regret tliat no other ap-
plications should have been made to this society
by our intelligent and practical agriculturists,
they witness with pleasure that a spirit has been
elicited, and that our valuable county societies
• have had the pleasure of rewarding numerous
I laimants for the good management of farms.

Mr Shelden, who does not make farming his
sole employment — has complied substantially
with the advertisement of the Trustees, — and as
it is proposed to have his statement published, as
part of this rejiort, the committee deem it unne-
cessary to make many remarks upon it. Mr Shel-
den deserves commendation for his attention to
some things which are well worthy of the notice
and imitation of farmers in particular.

For having his farm so divided into pieces as
))robably to make all temporary division fences
unnecessary.

For draining and reclaiming low or meadow
lands.

For renovating old pastures by ploughing and
sowing down anew with grass seed.

For having the food for his cattle prepared by
cutting and mixing the hay &c. with grain and
vegetables.

For his care in collecting manure, and making
a liberal and judicious u.se of it on his farm.

For liaving, by good management, gotten so
nmch produce from bis farm in 1834, with so few
laborers.

For the small quantity of ardent spirits which
he permitted to be consumed compared to former
times by his laborers — an entire abstinence from
which, would have a fine moral eflect.

On the other hand, Mr Shclden's operations as
a farmer, taken together, do not come up to the
full expectation or wishes of the Trustees. It
M'as hardly to be expected indeed from one whose
cares are so divided as his are. It would have
been well if he had attended to and stated with
some ])recision, the a<lvantages of a rotation of
crops, so far as his experience extends. If he
had attended to the cultivation of vegetaWes, as
ibod for his stock in addition to ])otatoes such as
mangel wurt/.el, carrots, llnta 15aga, conmujn tur-
nips, &c.

If he had made some I'xperirn'-nts in ])loughing
in green crops, as a manure, and given the result.
If he had been much more lil)cral in the use of
grass seed. If he had shown more iiitercst in re-
spect to orcharding and fruits of various kinds.
If he had turned his miM<I more to the breeds of
stock, &c. &c.

It has been a leading olijrct of ihi^ Trustees in
offei-ing these handsome premiujus ou ftirms, to
bring about something like method in onr agricul-
tural oi)erations. In the mechanic and manufac-
turing arts — in all the sciences — discoveries and
improvements are constantly making — and why
not in those most important of all arts, agriculture

and horticulture, on which all others so essentially
depend ? Why should not our industrious and
sensible cultivators make experiments of no
great hazard or expense, and preserve a recoril
not only of their success, but of what would be
quite useful to know, their failures ? Why not en-
deavor to learn so much of the nature and uses of
difterent soils as to determine what course will
probably be the best as to a rotation of crops and
in the diflerent use of manures and in improving on
a soil by a mixture with another ? Why not keep
a diary to which they might turn at any time
and compare one season with another as regards
heat and cold, rain and sunshine — the times of
planting and harvesting and the many occurrences

of tl

le year :

This diary could be kept with great advantage
by young members of the family. It would af-
ford lasting instruction and give them a habit of
exactness and system in every thing. Why should
not our farmers — instead of going the old round,
in the use of implements, and the various la-
bore of the farm — avail themselves of all mod-
ern experiments and improvements — so far as
can be easily done — and let the results of such
trials be known to their friends and the public ?
The Committee are fully aware that all these
matters, are attended to by some of our discerning
farmers, but how desirable it is that it should be-
come more general. — As the business of a farm
does not, from the nature of it, admit of a divis-
ion of labor, so essential in many other emi)loy-
ments — such as those of mechanics and manu-
facturers, surely nothing should be neglected that
can be done, where labor is so dear as in this
country, — by the use of labor saving machines,
by making the soil as productive as possible, and
by adopting every facility within our power. The
offer of premiums, on the best cultivated farms,
will be repeated for 1835 — and it is hoped that
many of our enterprising agriculturists will
strive to gain them.

Beverly, December 2G, 1634.
Benjamin GiiilC, Esq.

Sir — In my note of September 23d, 1834, I
offered to your consideration my farm, situated
in Beverly, as suited to claim the premium offered
by the Massachusetts Society for the promotion of
Agricidture, in their circular of September 1st.

In compliance with the requisition of the So-
ciety, I herewith furnish you the evidence to sup-
port that claim.

This larm is situated in the North Parish in
Beverly, on the western side of Wcnham Pond.
It contains two hundred and twelve acres of mow-
ing, tillage, and pasturing, the nature and quality
of the soil of which is given in the annexed
schedule.

That the claim for the premium may be more
readily aijpn-ciated, I present the farm in the fol-
lowing eighteen divisions in which it has been
improved.

No. 1. Great Field, containing about 30 acres.
Soil, loamy. T\velve acres have been in grass
four years, producing on an average about one and
thr(!e quarters tons to the acre. Eight acres were
planted to corn in 1832, manured in the hill with
12 loads of stable manure to the acre. In the
Spring of 1833 the corn hills were split and harrow-
ed down, and (jO loads of green cow stable manure
spread on, and iiloughed in. It was then sown
with oats, at the rate of four bushels to tlic acre.

A part of the oats were cut green for fodder, pro-
ducing two tons to the acre. The residue stood
until ri|ie, and yielded 40 bushels of oats per acre.
In consequence of the extreme dry w<!ather, I did
nothing more to this piece until the following
September, when it was ploughed, harrowed, and
sowed with 1 peck red top and 1 peck herds-grass
to the acre, and brushed in. The winter being
imfavorable, the grass did not look well in the
Spring. On the first of April it was again sown
with half the above quantity of red top and herds-
grass with 4 pounds of clover, j)er acre, and
brushed and rolled. It being somewhat weedy, it
was mown the first of .Inly, and produced about
5 tons. On the tenth of September it was mown
again, and produced about 3 tons — making iu all
about 1 ton to the acre. One and a half acre was
broken up after the grass was taken off in 1833,
dressed with ten loads of compost manure, per
acre, harrowed, sown to turnips, brushed and roll-
ed. In consequence of drought, the turnips did
not succeed well. The last of Sejitember one
quarter of an acre was ploughed without disturb-
ing the sward. The turnips being small, they
were turned in, and one peck of the Black Sea
wheat was sown, harrowed and rolled. The
wheat stood the winter well, and grew rapidly
until about the 10th of July. It then blighted,
and was cut for fodder. In the Spring of 1834,
one third of the turnip ground was sown to peas
ibr family use and market. The residue' of the
turnip ground was planted to potatoes. One half
an acre was broken up about 15th June, and ma-
nured in drills with 8 loads common barn yard
manure, per acre, and sowed \vith two bushels ol"
corn. This we began to cut 10th August, feed-
ing it to 30 milch cows, twice a day until 15th
Septeudier. Another half acre, being wet, was
jilanted to potatoes late in June, and manured in
the hill with long manure. Two acres is natural
meadow, producing about one ton of hay per acre.
The usidue is swanqj and upland, partly covered
with wood, none of which has as yet been cul-
tivated.

No. 2. Tom's Lot. Contains about seven and
one half acres ; three and half upland, and four
of nieadow, 2 of which has been reclaimed by
draining and carting on gravel, with a very little
manure. It has become very productive, yielding
2 tons good marketable hay per acre, instead of
one quarter of a ton of miserable polly-pod hay.
The other two acres of meadow have been drain-
ed and somewhat improved, and produces about
one ton of tolerable hay per acre. Two acres of
the ujiland have been in grass for 7 years, and
have given good crops every year, say more than
one and half tons per acre — without any other
dressing than an occasional spriidiling of the
drainings of the barn and slaughter yards, which
is carried on iu a hogshead, placed upon a pair of
low- wheels or sled ; the hogshead having a scut-
tle on the upper side to receive the liquid,
which is dipped up with a large ladle, and is let
off through lioles iu the under side. Three quar-
ters of an acre of this grass was broken up after
being mowed in July, the present year, dressed
with 8 loads of compost, and harrowed, sown with
turnip seed, brushed and rolled. One acre, five
years ago was covered with whortleberry bushes,
and with some trees. After clearing, it wa.s
ploughed in 1830, and planted to potatoes : in
1831, to early peas and potatoes, and sown to win-
ter Rye in Septcndjer. In 1832, the produce vian

VOL. XIII. KO. 34.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

12 bushels. In 1833, it was planted to early peas
and potatoes, and sowed fo rye ajraiii in Septem-
ber. Tills has been a very hard piece to subdue,
aud has only been manured in tlie hill when plant-
ed. The residue, rather a large half aore, was
brokdn up in the fall of 1832, and cross-ploughed
in the following Sjjring, and planted in about equ-d\
pai-ts to corn, potatoes an<l cabbage. The corn
and potatoes were manured in the hill with stable
manure, the cabbage with leached ashes. The
corn occui)ied a dry gravelly knoll, and the sea-
sou being dry, it was light. The potatoes ocbu-
pied a more favorable spot, and were very fine,
producing at the rate of 350 bushels per acre!
The cabbage Avas also very line ; tliis year, the po-
tato lot was planted to cabbage ; the cabbage lot
to onious ; and the kuoll to corn again. After
splitting and harrowing down the hills, gi-een nia-
luire from the cow stable was spread on at the
rate of 8 loads per acre, and ploughed in. It
was then harrowed, and holed 30 inches apart
each way, giving at the rate of about 6000 hills
per acre, aud 4 kernels of coin was dropped in
each hole, aud covered with two quarts of leach-
ed ashes. When the corn was large enough to
hoe, the loose mould was drawn around the. corn
•and the ashes covered. It has twice since been
gone through with the hoe, merely to keep the
weeds down, without forming any hill.

Soil, Upland, loam}. Meadow, naturally wet
ajad rairy.

No. 3. Pond Field. 10 acres. This lot was
,)loughed early in September, 1832, for the first
ime, it being a worn out pasture. After bein"
larrowed, it was sown with ten bushels of
■vinter Rye, without dressing. The produce in
i833, was 80 bushels. It was again ploughed in
Hay, 1834, harrowed, and furrowed both ways
hree feet nine inches apart, and dressed in the hill
vith twelve loads ot" manure per acre. This
uanure wa.s compounded of equal parts of
laughter house and stable manure and swamp
:iuck, with one twelfth leached ashes, all well
lixed and fermented. On 1,5th May conmienced
lanting to corn. Three rows round the field
'ere planted with potatoes. Soil, loamy and
rarm.

No. 4. Hill Field. 10 acres. This field is in

rass, and produced in 1833, one ton per acre ;

le present year, one and a quarter tons. Soil,
)ann'.

No. 5. Side Hill Field. 5 acres. This field
IS been in grass six years, aud has this year pro-
jced one ton per acre. Soil, loamy.

No. 6. Orchard Field. 7 acres. This field
as set out to orchard about fiventy years ago.
rees not very flourishing. Planted to "corn 1832.
anured in the hill, 12 loads per acre. Produced
I l)ushels per acre. In 1833, it was sown to
ts, 4 bushels per acre. Oats very stout. Part
tor fodder, yielding 2 tons per acre. The
3idue stood till ripe, and yielded 35 bushels per
re. It was ploughed 1st October, 1833, and
wed to grass seed. The management of this
!ce was similar to the eight acres of No. 1, aud
IS attended with the same efiects. Soil, loamy.
No. 7. fi'arren Field. 12 acres. Has been

grass 5 years. Produced 1832- '33, one ton
r acre. Ploughed in spring of 1834, aud ten
•es planted to corn Manmed and managed
ae as lot No. 3. The residue planted to pota-
s. Both this, and No. 3. were hoed twice.
2, black mould.

No. 8. Swail Field. 6 acres. This field
j ploughed first time iu September, 1831. In the
I spring of 1832, it was cross-ploughed, and planted
to corn and potatoes. Manured in the hill as in
lots 3 and 7. In 1833, it was ploughed, and being
wet, two acres were sovin to barley in June. The
product was 20 bushels. The other 4 acres ware
sown to corn, broad, cast, vvhicli produced a large
crop, which was fed to milch cows, green. Af-
ter these crops were taken ofl", 120 loads of com-
post manure were spread on the ground, and
ploughed in and harrowed. In 15 days it was
again ploughed the other waj', harrowed, and
sown with 4 bushels herds grass and red top,
in equal quantities — two acres of the same
being sown with winter rye. Soil, stifl", inclining
to clay.

No. 9. Spring Field. 6 acres. Iinproxed as
a pasture until the spring 1832. Three acres
were then ploughed, harrowed, and furrowed
three feet and an half, one way, with a double
niould-board plough. It was manured by drop-
ping a shovel full in the furrows every 18 inches,
taking 18 loads of long manure per acre. Planted
to potatoes. Hoed twice. Produce, 1000 bush-
els. In 1833, planted to corn, and managed the
same as lots 3 and 7. Produce 50 bushels per
acre. In the spring of 1833, one and an half
acres more broken up, 1st June. Hal■ro^ved, fui-
rowed three and an half feet each way, and
planted to potatoes. Manured in the hill, with 12
loads long manure per acre. Produce 200 bushels.
In 1834, the above four and an half acres were
ploughed, and sown to oats and barley. Produce
101 bushels of oiits ; 22 bushels barley. The
residue of this lot is imcultivated. Soil, similar
to No. 8.

No. 10. Baker Pasture. 12 acres. Broken
up for first time in May 1833. Harrowed and
furrowed, and planted to corn. Managed as lots
3 and 7. Produce 300 bushels. Early in May,
1834, it was again ploughed, with the intention ot
sowing to oats, but heavy rains prevented. In
Jime it was a^ain ploughed, and sowed to oats
for fodder, anil produced 14 tons. Soil, rather
more loamy than lots 8 and 9.

No. 11. Pond Marsh. 6 acres. Natural mead-
ow. Producing half a ton per acre of coarse bog
meadow liay.

No. 12. P.ay's Meadow. 2 acres. Same as
No. 11.

No. 13. Hill Pasture. 10 acres. Natural Pas-
ture— not been ploughed.

No. 14. Po7id Pasture. 10 acres. Same as
Hill Pasture.

No. 15. Sheep Pasture. 25 acres. Natural
pasture — Groves of Pine, Maple, Oak and Wa.-
nut trees.

No. 16. Thicket Pasture. 8 acres. Natural
pasture — large grove of Wahmts.

No. 17. Ox Pasture. 7 acres. This has been
laid down six years. It was sown with half a
bu.shcl of herds-grass and red top, equal i)arts of
each, aud three pounds white clover to the acre.
The seed was so«n with barley. Soil, loamy.

No. 18. Lovett Pasture. 46 acres. Natural
pasture — principal part of which is flat, wet and
cold.

269

The corn raised in lot No. 3, was the yellow 8 row
kind, whicli was introduced into this neighborhood a
few years since from the Western part of this State.
There were im baskets ; each basket yielding, on the
1st of December, 18 quarts and 2 gills shelledtorn.

The Corn raised in lot No. 7, was principaUy oi' the
12 row kind. It was introduced into the neighborhood
from Vermont four years since. The yield "was 10U5
baskets; each basket yielding 17 quarts and ] gill.

a E C A P I T U L A T I O N .

O o

o ^

Note. — The Winter Rye was injured by blight. The
crop of Onions was light, but quality good. The Corn
was first quahty. The quality of all other articles was
sood.

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270

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 5, 1S33

R F !■ O R T ON W I^E A T C a O P.

Fitcllburg, Feb. IBtli, 1635.
To P. C. Brooks, Esq.

Dear Sir — Having rccpiitly receivcil a liiip
from JohnHc-anl, Es(|. tlie Tieasurer of the Mas-
sachusetts Society for tlie promotion of .Agricnl-
ture, referring me to atltlress you as (^hairman ol
Committee on " Vegctaljle anil Grain Cro])s," in a
statement which the rules and regulations of said
Society demand, in order to become a recipient
of its "premium on wheat, I with pleasure do
now, what I should liave done before, but for the
circumstance of their being «o premium oiitrcd
for S|)ring Wheat. As the Society have thought
proper to grant me a premium on my crop ot
Smyrna Spring Wheat, I have (since the receipt
of Mr Heard's letter,) had the tield surveyed, as
per the certificate enclosed, with such otlier
"proofs" as the rules demand.

The field is situated on a very high swell of
land very near the one, (and in point of fact part-
ly the same) which drew the premium on potatoes
several years since, which field in the following
year, if I ndstake not, also drew the premium on
wheat,. by producing over 37 bushels of Oilman
Spring vVlieat. Since which time it lias produc-
ed good crops of hay, clover, herds-grass, and red
top, averaging 2 tons to the acre, each year. It
being again liroken up in the autumn of 1832, in
the spring of 1833, a dressing of about 18 coi-ds
of long manure, unfermented, was spread and
ploughed in, furrowed two and a half feet
for potatoes, the seeds placed about 15 inches
apart, the plants hoed twice. I harvested I be-
lieve, 62.5 bushels of the red and blue sorts.

Uefore the winter set in, the field was thrown
into ridges by the plough, these ridges were open-
ed in the following spring, as soon as the frost
would permit : after which I cross ploughed the
other way, deep nndjine, sowed on wliat we sup-
posed an acre, two and a half l)usbels of Smyrna
or Black Sea Wheat, and harrowed it in across
the furrows, immediately following with the roller.
Tlie time of .sowing, about the 20th of April.
When the plants were 2 inches high, sowed on
20 bushels of nnleacheil wood aslies. During tlie
summer, up to its heading out, the crop looked
remarkably well, but untbrtunately when in the
milk, we bad a succession of thunder storms
whicli beat it down in such a manner, tiiat nmch
of the crop did tiotf II to perfection.

On threshing out the crop, which we perform-
ed by the assistance of a horse-power machine,
we found from what was grown on the acre
and ten rods, fifty luid one half bushels of
wheat.

Notwithstanding we pei-formed the threshing
with much rare, yet in feeding out the straw I
find from the many kernels scattering on the barn
iioor, that there were fully fifty bushels grown or.
the acre, as expressed in my former letter to the
rommittee. The field is again stocked down to
herds-grass and red top ; I sow no clover, as
sufficient goes out witii the sheep manure. I will
before closing, observe that the Smyrna Wheat
fidly answered my expectations; we had 112
bushels grown on various fields, some sowed on
tlie newly broken field, ali which rose af\er the
-Storm, were well filled.
Yours with high esteem,

Payson Williams, Oicr.er.
J. D. Williams, ./Issislonl.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts.— H'orcester
County, ss. Ftbuary 2Ath. 1835. Then appeared
the above named Tayson Williams, and J. D.
Williams, and made oath to the truth of the forc-
2-oing certificate by them subscribed.

Before me.

Daniel Brigham,

Justice of the Peace.

I, Philip F. Cowdan, of Fitcllburg, in the
County of Worcester, sworn Surveyor, hereby
certify that I have this day measured a certain
piece'of land on which wheat was grown the
past season by Payson Williams, of said Fitcll-
burg, and find the same to contain one acre and
ten "rods or one hundred and seventy square rods.

PHIilP F. CoWDAN.

Fitchhurg, Fch'y 14th, 1835.

EXPENSE OF CROP.

Place to the account of wheat crop, its pro-
portion drawn from the manure carried on to the
field and ploughed in previous to the planting
of the iiotatoes; say, about one-third or six
cords, $ 12 00

2h bushels seed, ^ *^0

ploughing, harrowing, and rolling, 4 00

20 busheis wood ashes, and sowing do., 3 00
Cradling 1 50, binding and carting, 2 50, 4 00
Threshing and cleaning up, 7 00

$35 00

REPORT ON FOREST TREES.

The Committee of the Massachusetts Society
for promotinsi Acriculture,.to award premiums for
the best plantation of forest trees, beg leave to re-
port tluit there are two applications for premiums
on plantations of the locust tree. One of these
by Williapi Buckminster, Esq. of Framingham,
and the other by AVilliam Clark, .lun. Esq. ot
Northampton.

Both experiments appear to have been carried
into eflcct with cava and perseverance. It has
not been practicable for the committee to have
visited the two plantations, distantly situated as
thev are, but they are satisfied from inquiry and
the' several docu'inents which accompany these
applications, parts of which will be submitted
with this report, that the exertions of both liave
been meritorious. They liave zealously exerted
themselves in tliis earSv eflort to promote an in-
quiry and experiment which m«st in i.rospective
be of great hnportauco to the country. This has
been done at some expense, and with a jiraise-
worthy desire to promote tlie object.s contemplat-
ed liy the Trustees.

It'is to be hoped that their exertions may be

continued, and that others may be induced to
make extensive ])lantalions of the locust, .so that
this useful and ornamental tree may be restored,
and again become familiar to our view. In the
rearing of forest trees extensively, it must be
useful to know the best mode of culture. Tins
has been little understood or practised in our
country, exc<pt in the re-growlli of our wood-lots.
The importance of the locust tree can hardly be
oveiTated either for the purpose of timber or fuel ;
and what is more, this tree combines nipid growth
with great durability. It has been ascertained by
your Committee that posts, after standing in the
ground nearly half a century, on removal have
be ui found perfectly sound.

The locust tree for tinibeJ- ami wear, particular-
ly for treenails was in m<t-t beneficial use jirevious-
ly to the revolutionary war. But at that time the
borer, so called, niBdj its destructive appiarance
and his ravages luid waste this beaiilifiil ties!
These pests of vegetable life, seem fortunately to
be disappearing — and it has been thought by the
Trustees that it would be well, by the ofTer of
liberal premiums to encourage the introduction
and culture of plantations of forest trees, having
reference more especially to the vigorous re-ap-
pearance of the locust tree.

The modes of culture are placed before the
public, and may be improved upon by experience.
The Committee, however, cannot refrain from
expressing a distrust of the proposition of Mr
Buckminster, to cut them down when young in
order to increase their nltimate growth. This
must rest upon his own opinion, the correctness
of which a few years will decide. True it is
that this is occasionally jiractised with some fruit
trees, but your Committee are impressed with the
opinion that timber trees grow more straight and
will become more vahiable by remaining untouch-
ed. An objection of some weight here presents

itself to these applications. They were both be-
fore the Committee heretofore, when Mr Cogs-
well's plantation was preferred and received the-
premium. They are again presented. It must
be obvious that a renewal of applications if con-
stantly made, would be attended with inexpedient
results and may require future regulation.

But the Committee consider the labor and ex-
ertions manifested in these- plantatious as merito-
rious, and likely to be attended with good success,
and as no new applications are ofl^ered, that it
would be beneficial to give some encouragemeni
to these applicants to induce them to extend and
perfect their experiment, it is, therefore, recom-
mended, that a gratuity be presented to Willian
Buckminster, Esq. of Framinghan, of $20. And
to William Clark, .lun. Esq., of Northampton tin
like gratuity of $20, as an expression of the sens(
the Society have of their exertions in furtheranci
of this usefiil object. All which is submitted h]
order of the Committee.

John Welles, Chairman.
Boston, Feb. 1835.

We have deferred some communications, as well a
editorial matter, to oar next, for the purpose of intrc
ducing as many of tlie Reports as possible ot the Mai
sachusctts .flgriculturid Socirtij.

3!I \SS. nOKTICl I.TiIRAI. SOCIETY.

Satin ilay, Feb. 28.

By I.. Josselvn, a fine well grown Hyacinth. Bouqui
Tpndrc ' For the Committee,

^•""^ JONA. WINSHIF.

^?,.n^.r^ _]„ the communication for the N. E. Fa
mcr,^ioaded •' Cold Wkathkh," P^ige 254, about tl
middle of tlie third paragraph, instead of year, ret
"ears. In tlie last sentence of the oth paragraph, f

this year," read the year.

NEW YORK CATTLE MARKET. I

AroMiAV, E.d>.2;?,-At niaiUcf this day about 650 he|
of Beef Cattle, 1000 sheep, and 40 Milch Cmvs.

Tic Beef C'aulo were "..f lai.-1-.li.y, and ihogrea,
noition readily sold. E.Mra lots were laken at $ , go
So r,n $6 to 6 50, fair $5 75, ordinary and middling

-^°/:!!.n:;:d..n,andwasfn.andcons^.blenu
bci-s were sold at the following prices : e^« ■! h^'^
flood do $4 to 4 50, fair $3, ordinary and middling $.

^' T/M 0„c..-Sa1es noticed, $20 to 25 and 30 each.

VOL. Xm. so. 34.

AN

THERJIOMETRICAI..

Ilifpnrlicl llirthe New Enjlanil larmer.l
Range of Thermometer at tlie Maverick House, East
Boston, in a shaded NorUiwesterly exposure, free
from tlje wall.

FiiURUARV, !835.

7, A. m 1, P.M. 9, P. M M«in

3!)
33
34
30
IG
6
G

42
35
40
3a
IG
18
23

34
34
34
25
14
13
15

Mo.vuAv, 23, -
Tdesdav, 24,
Wednssdav, 25,
Thursdav, 2G,
FRinAv,27,

SATURnAV, 28,

SuNriAY. March 1. -

HDRTICUI-TURAI, REGISTEK & QARDENER S

MAGAZIJVE,

For March. ju*1 published l.y GEO. C. BAlinETT m
the New EvglamI F<xrmr Ojfice. a».ixi^t. I 1 , al

CnxTEMs-AriirlcI. CarHna CornnDpifolia ; 2 Remarks

Ai;aYa";r;-"7 "-"■-7-"--i 3. o';, ,he'oul,iva.™,„r

tw Sn as'l, R n "''L™' ?"•' •='"««■•; 7. Au.umnai mar-
row Sqna.h , S. On the cull.valion of Klorisls' Flowers : '1
On forcing ihe Cherry, iO. Lenoopo.on Kichei ; )' On
collccuns specimens of Natural HisVory; 12 H, rticuit, e
near Boston; 3. Massachusetts Horlicijl t'nral So" ct y 4
Not.ces of foro.gn Publications; 15. M,scella„e.,u Sticks i
16. Gardeners' work for March. -iiouls ,

whh In"'^"^ '^'''''"' f "'eCANTUA accompanies the No. whirl,

work ''"°''' "'■"^ '""' matter, renders it a valuable

Tt.KMs.— TVoo Dollars per annum iii admrm. march 4.

D GARDENKR'S .JOURNAL

MASS. HORTICCtTURAiL SOCIETY.

•«//I//W .V«!rfj. on Satiirdav lirxt

"""^•''■* R T. PAINE, Sccretanj.

TREES FOR SALE,

• At W. BucKMiNSTKKs Nursery, Praminsfham .^Apple

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality at ctts-
to.nary pr,ces. . ' j,^',,, ^"^

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORHECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAL TREES, PLABTTS, &c.

Nursery of WILLIAM KEMRICK in
H-VTT— ? Newto.v, Mass. b^ miles from llos(ou Im the
Western Arenue, a,td ^ a mite from the \Voreester Rail KcZ
I he FiiuiT Trees include the finest kin<ls of New Flemish"
Pears^-also Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Plums Nectan^s
Apncts Almonds, (Quinces, Grape Vin'es, Corn „.";.•
be nes, Goosebernes and Mulbernes, including the C ttoL
Mulberry, or MoRus MuLxtcAULts, Strawbea-,,' FIps &" -

«fa:^"'^^; ?i^^i' .^'"™--' Ash Xdataimro "'r ;;s;

PI^,'!'"'Ti' '" "'«•, Kenrick, Newton, Mass. Trees and
ciut on and" °"^"''^' f"' *«l«ted and labelled with ^e ,'re-
fron P ^, ,"?' j"""^ '™""^'-^' f^<-'"=d and duly forwa/ded
from b ston by land or sea. 'Pransportalion to Boston ^raik

Nol Sltl'^'^N '■Tx'T- C ii^a'^ETT, a.hisSeedSote,
^\os. bl J(. o2, North Market street, Koslon, who is \oeni wil

%;^:'tr""" ""'^' =''"""'^'' --Calalogu^V^lls,".;!!

Wmo Peach Trra—Gentlemen who may be de irons of

Jffe/J^l'aTati^aUolttro'r'^"' '^^ Boston market, are Lw

REGISTER FOR igag. ~~

.lA JIES LoRiNC, 132 Washinslon Street, has just published
he iMassachusel.s Itegtster for 1835, contain!, J ,|,e„a,e of
dm new Les,sla,ure new city officers, justices,°lnwyers min
.slers^ and doctors tl,rongi,o„. the Stale; with the cash e" of
the Banks ,nMa,ne, Vermont and New Hampshire, ",^,|"e
names o( the Banks ,n Connecticut and Rhode Islaa'l Also
a complete hst of the post masters, militia ollicers, Volleiies'
education, nitssionary, b.hle, tract, sabbath school medical
hlerary, marine, temperance and charitable societies ■ hanks
and insurance companies ; national, armv and navv de,,art'-
ments; names of consul ■, .^-c. and much other uselul^informa-

Also-jnst published, STORiRS OF GEN. W\RRE\' In

Bunie, Hill. To which ,s added, Gen. Warren's fifth of
March Oration.— P.y a Lady of Boston. feb 25.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold a nnmber of fine animals, from t.,e breed of
nenton, .\dmiral. Wye Comet, &c. Apply to \ GnVl^

lZ''""n T"""' '■^™' "«" '>"ctor'go\h."a,;'sMeein.
House, in Dorchester. > , „!. =
lel). 2o.

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS.

.TusT received at Ihe 8ced ,<,ore connected with the N'ew

|;5^?.!;f™:a.™!-r^^-i'e^,;^-;^tt'Js

si. beeds, . .c. cVc Amon. the European Pahbac^e SeTds a e
Cab L™''" \"'^'7 >'if "^l"" >5attersea,Savoy, and other

Hc^ 1 "l "i:™^^ Zr"'^- **''"'*' T^""i-ha:i. and Ro,'al Cape
Hcait Lettuces, .Mimiionetle, Lono- T,irb„,. ,, -J "", ''P"'

lor forcing, (white a.^l green earW VVh e Dntch t"' '''
Tomatos, Lima Beans, eady Peas 'Bean Mc. ■'"'

every kinri of seed wanted n New v7J ' fi'"' '^""iprisiuff
Ihe very first quality • England,_warranted of

,^-.-^«j K,M! iViii.-vi, INSTATE.

Sui |',t ™ •'" "i "^" ^^ '^'<^ "'^ ^sl^'e "I 'he lale Ebene^er
iugbee, dereased, situated in Ro.xbury, on the nniK-r roafl
=ad,„g to Dorchester, four miles from I e ci -w "k, owl,'
1 (oriner limes, as the Pugbee Tavern '' "''">""""

bad estate contains about nine acres of valuable land on

;? house. '. H=" ';r'" °'' j''°"-"= ^'"•' 'j'^'^^. -"' ^ '--="•

.g ^hou.e and out houses thereon, with a„ e.vcellenl well of
The situation is desirable ,o anyone wishin- to build is

Mfay/lor"-^'"'^"" ""' ''■■^■"'^" admirabl>."rai:uiated',or
Sanl estate if not disposed of on or before the 2d day of

pr, next, will then be sold at public auction, at 4 o'clock, >!„

TO THE PUBLIC.

Dr Isaac Thompson's celebrated EVE W\TER— This

I I fad to effect a cure, when applied strictly according In i,^
directions wrapped around each ohial ri,,i ","°'^^'"' '" "'«
for the public , ^t this valuabirLtine l' 'o' 0:^;,;'"^
lerfeited, and the counterfeiters encouraged bv ds beh - . nr
biased by unprincipled dealers in me,lic"ine. 'Tl at tl eLb c
may be guarded against imposition, the proprietor and i^tveilnr
"ow signs his name at full length, " Isaac Thompson "in is
own hand writing, on a red label, pasted on he omsicie w to
Per^of every bottle. This test ever'y one must e;amine Sre"

The above mentioned Eye Water mav ho 1,0,1 c . /■
-he respectable Druggists Ih-^ugl^t't^heTnit'ed S ."/sT.lLt
Ihe subscriber (proprietor) in New London, Connecticut

New Lontlon, Ct. Dec. 1834 '^''"'^ THOMPSON,

.*PP!.ES, russets, ....
Beans, white, ....
Beef, mess, mew)
Cargo, No. 1.

[irime

Beeswax, (Amcrxr n) ,
HUTTER inspected, No. 1, .
Chkicse, new milk, .

skimmed milk,
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
El. AX, American, . . . .
ElaxseeJ), none,

Floi;r, Genesee, . . cash .
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
SOI, them yellow
white,,
Rve. northern.
Barley, . .

Oats, nor hern, . (prime)
Hat, best English, . . . ' .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey,
Hofs, Isl quality (new) .

2d qu.ility . . , ' _ '
Lard, Boston. Ist sort, .
southern, 1st sort.
Leather, saughtcr, sole,
<lo. tipper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper. .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, . ■ .
LlJlE, best sort, ....
Pork, Mass. inspect, exlja clear, .
Navy, mess, ....
bone, mifldiings,
Seei>s, Herd's Grass", (new) .
Red Top, norihern, .
Red Clo\er, norihern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle, .

Tai.i.o*^-, tried

Wool, prime, or Saximv Fleeces,

American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4ths do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1.4 and common
Native washed,
- ( Pulled superfine,
S— ' 1st Lambs, .

f:^r-'l do.
= i. I 3d do,
■^ I Isl Spinning. .
Poulhern pulled wool is generally 5 els.
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bt!.shel
bairel

bushel

ton

jallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
pound

TO LET.

ihlvai'i'ft '^''™' ,'°"'?'"'"S "'«'"' ""^« hundred acres Of
llyated lan.l, within three miles of Lowell, with between
en y and thirty cows and other cattle, and fa'rming tools.

•U head'i;} ^Ml r" """' "' " "'''^ '■"'■"'' '"'' I'H^ supported
U head of cattle for many years, is well fenced and ». tered.
He proximity of this farm to Lowell, one of the best mar-
ts ,n this commonweajlh, n,ak,.s it a desirable one for a good
•Z d.e fi f VT '", '"' '" ^"' =■ '"■" °'' .^•^"s, possession
mlv 1 M "I '^P:'' "^''V' S°°'^ >-eferences-will be required,
o-a 1) ''^^'"'^^' »' Lowell, who will show the premises

Marc'h'tlSSS." 4,. «■ ''■ ''■'''^'-"'-

TO LET.

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land siiuated one
mile Iron, the c„y of New Haven-very desirable as a Da™v
a great part being pasture, and produces good hay There is
a cottage, . nd every requisite building, all newly "e ec ed 1
may be had for such term of years as may he agreed m^,'-, a
iposTpaid") ""'■ '"'""" "°- -''' P»' Office: "ei"IZ:l

The stock of Cows, Team, and Implements of A-ricull„re
may^^e^n w,th the Fa m at a fair valuation. Feb 2^. '

TO LET,

On a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed uoon -,
Farm, containing one hundred acres of land "suiuble fi ; a
l^iry, with dwelling hou.se, barn, and all other bJJ^^sro^^^

^:i;j'nC';,rc!;":lf^l;H^;-r-t?;;^,nr£?
p::.rriC^-.---<-p-"^?":

^ r eb. 2o.

rnoM

2 30

2 00

10 SO

COO

6 75

20

14

8

Si

f)

35

10

125

575

.537

.5 50

5 25

72

65

Gf)

80

63

47

18 00

13 00

14 00
37
11
10

9

7

19

10

16

18

27

25

1 00

17 00

16 00

8

225

75

3 00
2 25
II Oil
8 75
7 00

"

<&

PWt.

7 50

pound

60

•'

60

"

45

"

38

"

32

et

38

"

50

"

40

'*

30

ft

23

"

33

17

y

6

45

38

II

137

5 87

5.50

5 62

5 37

72

68

67

65

40

19 ,'50

15 00

16 0(1
42
12
II

2!"

12

13

20

30

27

1 12
18 00

8 5S

2 50
1 00

31
8 00
65
58
50
42
36
40
55
4.5
33
25
40

PROVISION MARKET.

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern,
southern.
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, ,

BuTTKR,(tul)) .

lump

EOGS,

Potatoes,
Cider,

.

pound
ti

II

8

6

10

16

18

.

dozen

IS

bushel

37

barrel

2 76

12

9

7

12

17

20

20

50

300

GARDENER.

A situation is wanted as gardener, by a sin^e man whocin
aM-^X:"'"^' ''' '° abilities, indJst^. and sfe."^;

march 4.

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoNDAY, March 2, 1S3.5.
[Reported for the Daily Adverli.ser & Patriot.]

At market 1G4 Beef Cattle, 310 Sheep, and 100 Swine.

Prices.— Bee/ Cattle— In consequence of the very
small number at market, sales were effected easily and
prices advanced. Wc quote prime at 34s 6d a 3G ; good
at 32s Gd a 33s ; thin at 2G a 30s.

Sheep— No sale was effected of one lot of about 200,
and the best at market, some of an inferior quality were
taken at 21 and 24s.

Sifinc— Nearly all at market were sold in one lot,
price unknown ; at retail G for sows and 7 for bar-
rows.

272

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

SS^<2J35S>g.^12?'Sa

iFrom the Youtli's Keepsake. |
THE SILKWORrrl-S WII.!..

EV MISS II. F. GOULD.

On a pliiiii nish Iimdlc a sillcvvorm lay,
When a proud young prince.ss cntnc tliat way.
Tlic haughty child of a liuman l>ing
Threw a sidelong glance at the humble thing,
That took, with a silent gratitude,
From the mulberry leaf, her simple food—
And sln-unk, half scorn and half disgust.
Away from her sister child of dust,
Ucclaring she never yet could see,
Why a reptile form like this should be.
And that she was not made with nerves so firm,
As calmly to stand by '• a crawling worm I"

With mute forbearance, the silkworm took
The taunting words, and the spurning look.
Alike a stranger to self and pride,
She 'd no disquiet from aught beside.
And lived of a meekness and peace possessed.
Which these debar from the human breast.
She only wished for the harsh abuse,
■■ To find some way to become of use

To the haughty daughter of the lordly man ;

And thus did she lay a noble plan.

To teach her wisdom, and make it plain.

That the humble worm was not made in vain ;

A plan so generous, deep and high,

That to carry it out she must even die !

" No more," said she, " will I drink or eat !
1 '11 spin and weave me a winding sheet,
To wrap me from the sun's clear light.
And hide my firm from her wounded sight.
In soeret then till my end draws nigh,
I 'II toil for her; and when 1 die,
I 'II leave behind, as a farewell boon.
To the proud young princess, my whole cocoon,
To be reeled and wove to a shining lace,
And hung in a veil o'er her scornful face '■
And when she can calmly draw her breath,
Through the very threads that have caused my death
When she finds at length she has nerves sofirm,
As to wear the shrond o( a crawling worm,
May she bear in mind, that ^he walks in pride, ^
In tlie winding-sheet where the silkworm died !"

FEMAtE BEAUTY AND ORNAMENTS.

[From "Curiosities of I.ilerature."]
BY d'israeli.
The liidies in Jaiian gild tlioir teetli and those
of tho Indies paint them red. The pearl of teeth
must lie died black to be beautiftil in Guzurat.
In (Jrcenland the women color llieir faces with
blue and yellow. However fresh the complexion
of a Muscovite may be, she would think lierseli
very ugly if sl'c "'^is not plastered over with
paint. "The Chinese must have their feet as di-
minutive as those of the she goats ; and to render
tliem thus, their youth is passed in tortures. In
ancient Persia, an aquiline nose was often thought
worthy of tlie crown, and if there was any com-
petition between two princes, the people generally
went by this criterion of majesty. In soirie coun-
tries, the mothers break the noses of their chil-
dren; and in others press the head between two
hoards, that it may become sritiare. The modern
Persians have a strong aversion to red hair. The
Turks, ou the contrary, are warm admirers of it.

The female Hottentot receives from the hand of
her' lover, not silks nor wreaths of flowers, but
warm guts' and reeking tripe, to dress herself with
enviable ornaments.

In China small round eyes are liked; an<l ti.e,
.rirls are continually plucking their eye-brows that
they may be thin and long. The Turkish women
dip a sold brush in the tincture of a black drug,
whicli they pass over their eye-brows. It is too
visible by day, but looks shining by night. They
tin-'e their nails with a rose-color. An African
beauty must have small eyes, thick lips, a large
fiat nose, and a skin beautifully black. The Em-
poror of Monomotapa would not change his ami-
able negress for the most brilliant European

beauty.

An ornament for the nose appears to us per-
fectly unnecessary. The Peruvians, however,
think otherwise ; and they hang on it a weighty
riu" the thickness of which is proportioned by
the^rank of their husbands. The custom of bor-
iu" it, as our ladies do their ears, is very common
in'several nations. Through the perforation are
huD<r various materials ; such as green crystal,
o-,old, stones, a single and sometimes a great num-
ber of gold rings. This is rather troublesome to
them in blowing their noses ; and the fact is, some
have informed \is, that the Indian ladies never
perform this VC17 useful operation.

The female head-dress is carried in some coun-
tries to singtdar extravagance. The Chinese fair
carries on her head the figure of a certain bird.
This bird is composed of copper, or of gold, ac-
corditK' to the quality of the person. The wmgs
spread out, fall over the front of the head-dress,
and conceal the temples. The tail, long and open,
forms a beautiful tuft of feathers. The beak cov-
ers the top of the nose ; the neck is fiistened to
the body of the artificial animal by a spring, that
it may the more freely play, and tremble at the
slightest motion.

The extravagance of the Myantses is far more
ridiculous than the above. They carry on their
he-uls a slight board, rather longer tlian a loot,
and about 6^ inches broad ;- with this they cover
their hair, and seal it with wax. They cannot
lie, nor lean, without keeping the neck straight;
and the country being very woody, it is not un-
common to find them with their head-dress entan-
oled in the trees. 'Whenever they comb their
hair, thev pass an hour by the fire in melting the
wax ; bu"t this combing is only perfiirmed once or

twice a year.

The i'nhabitants of the land of Natal wear caps
or bonnets, from six to ten inches high, composed
of the ftit of oxen. They then gradually anomt
the hea.1 with a ,.urer grease, which mixing with
the hair, fastens these bonnets for their lives^

MARCH 4, 1835.

WII-I.IAM PRINCE &, SONS,

PKO.K,KTons of .he Linn-;;,^-'-;^;;^- ii;'^:^;^
ll^^rSlo^::' SI .^2!?^::ted grauLa a^..ioalio„,

V T%n\i and Hardy Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and
o. Slra^ Tuberous rooted Plants, Double Dahlias,

.".. Grec7housc'Trees, Shrubs ami I'lan's-PP 'M-.

4 AmerioaniHdigenousTrees,S.rubsandPan.s--pp50

n. Catalogue of Garden, AgncuUural and F ower feeeds.
U. do do do do clo

in French . .

BooKS-Prince's Treatise on H"rl'!'."""^<'^/^,f *'
do do Tlie\inR-gl M-

do do Fruits, or Pomological Manual

containing accurate descriptions m dctad of about
SOO varieties of Fruits, miJ volunjes— ^^ W.
Tlic books and catalogues can be transmitted by mad at a

'1^:1 '^i^^^o; Morn. Mnhicaulis trees a.g25per
hun bed, or ^4 SO per dozen and cuttings gG per luuHj,red--
Grape Vines ol various kinds at S-T I er dozen, and .420 per
huXd and upward.._Raspberries of fine k-ds at from 6.0
S8i)cr hundred— Large Red and Large bellow, Antwerp,
LafgeRed Barnet, Taylor's Paragon, -d Reehwe^Raspber.
r,es1.t $lfi per hundred or.«2 SO per ,lozen-Large Dutch Car-
rants aUSdls per liundred, or 2 25 per dozen-Large Lan-
cashire Gooseberries, comprising all the chotc, st v<'™^^» ""'i
color., 20 dls per hundred or 3 dis per doze: -_nouhle Dal has
each distinct by name, selected by us at 3, 4 50j>«'G^^f P"
dozen-Finest Lucerne Seed 2.5 els per Ib.--Dutch Clover
Seed '23 cts— Perennial Rye Grass 2 ,Wcts per bushel— Tlahan
Rye Grass 3 dls— Orchard Grass 2 50 cts. and other t,rass
Seeds and Garden Seeds of every kind at the lowest rales, and
qualiiv expressly guaranteed. Orders seal direct by mail,
will he executed wilh pohiled attention, and shipped « lof"
warded precisely as directed, 31 "^°- •"

NEW ENGLAND SEED STORE.

At the Airrindlural and Horlintltural Warehouse, connect-
ed wiih the°New England Farmer liie subscriher conliniies the
Seed Estahlishmcnt, and now offers to dealer-, Gardeners,
and Ihe public generally an ""''''valled collection of

GARDEN, GRASS, AM) PLOWKK SEEDS,
comprising unusual fine varieties and of undoubted quahty anU
vitality— beinajaised under the particular direction and ex-
pressly for ihis^'Slablishmem. m .« inn

Garden Seeds in boxes assorted for dealers from 10 to 100
dolla.s each. — Also in pounds, halves and cjuarters at very
moderate prices, .

Boxes ef Seed containing a good assortment for pruate

^'aOoTotfch^ice'varieties of FLOWER SEEDS in C ccnl

papers — twenly papers for gl,00.

'^ Grass Seeds al tlie lowest market prices at Wholesale and

^^%yuHaml Ormmental TREES, Grape Vines. Pla,Us ana.

iJooIs supplied al one day's notice," im^ „„.,

..usl ptiblished, a Catalogue of SOp^Ses which w^ he ^enli

gratis to customers. GEO. C. liAKlVl!. i x .

Jan, 21.

MIILBBRRY AND SIL,K.

COBl'.'S Treatise on the Cultivation of the Mulberry, and
iipoii Silk, bJi^'g an improved edition. For sale a, the office
of the N, E. Farmer. Price SO cents.^^ ^ BARRETT.
Jan. 21. ■ ^'

EXTRA EARI.Y PEAS.
TiiKFirhcst Dwarf Pea grows about 20 inches high, is a
go'dhefrerSnd decidedly the^^rliest knowm 1 '- -ed of-
ferc.l by the subscriber was raised expressly lor llic wew i,n„

'"'^I^U:;'^;:;:::^""a^o£-i" be s„ppned ..., large or
small luanlities if ai.plied for early "^'JI^o-''^'7;-^kRETT.

jan •?. '-11 —

ORCHARD GRASS.

Just received a rinaniity of this vahialdo «"-^«,fj;'^i?V
KcK England Seed S!ore. C>t-0- ^- 1>A'>«'!''

COMPLETE SET OF THE PARMER.

For sale at this office, one complete set of the New Englam
Farmer, comprising twelve volumes, neatly a..d well bo.md
and perfect. Price Jj!3 25 per volume, c<r../., I-eb.lli,

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ORDEKS FOK rit.NTiNa IlECE.yXI. PY THE rUBL.SI.l,

VOL. XIII

IVEW EJ^CJIAMD FARMER

A N D G A R D E N E ir S JOURNAL.

1'Um.lSHED BY GKORGE C. BARRET T, NO. 52 MORTiTmARKET STrTt^/a —

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^» MARKET briJEET, (Ack,cu,.tukal WAR.„ousic.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 11, isss"

■^m^ 3s>AaiiiSa

[Translated Iron, th. Fred,, for tl.e New England Farmer.)

CHEESE.

[Ciintiruied from page 258.]

or OlIECSES MADE OF MA.-VY DIFFEKE.NT KI.XDS OF

MILK.

Those wlio make tlie manufacture of cher-sps
their busincs.., and who for lliis i.iiipose, keep sev.
eral kinds of animals, which produce milk 'iiich
as cow.^ sheep, and goats, could, it appears to n«
advantageously ndx the difft'rent milks, to make
cheeses. Perhaps by using proper proportions,
which experience would determine, cheeses mi»ht
be obtained, superior to those made from cow's
milk a one. It is known, for example, that the
Roquefort cheese of which we shall speak herc-
atter IS more delicate, when a little goat's milk is
mixed with that of the sheep, of which it is gen'.
willy made. Sasseuage cheese made in Dau-
phiny, of which we ;u-e going to speak, cnjovs a
i«igh reputation, which it merits still more, w'here
made of the milk of cows, sheep and goats.

SAS^.»JAGE CHEESE.

This cheese is made ofcow'sand sheep's milk
nlthough it is not really delicate excepting when
a ittle goat's milk is added to the other t«o.
These thr^e kinds of milk are mixed in r, y ,.,-
Clean kettle, placed over the fire, and when the
^i.xture begins to rise, it is taken off; the whole
IS poured lutejarge free-stone vases, to grow cold
which it siKMfld not be allowed to do in the kettle'
because the milk, by remaining in it, would dis-
solve the copper. A east.irou kettle should be
used, (and for this purpose alone) when one does
lot wish to pour the milk from one vessel to
mother.

The next day, the milk is skimmed, and milk
ust taken from the cow, added to it, in proportion
> the cream which has been taken oft'. Then
le rennet is put in, and the whole stirred unti
le milk curdled. AVhen the coagulation is conjl
lete, the curd is separated, to allow the whey to
m together, which is afterwards poured off.

The curd is then put into wooden moulds
lerced with holes, and which are of the shape
id size desired for the cheese. Three hours
ter, the curd is turned out ; for that purpose,
her moulds of the same dimensions as the first
e placed exactly one upon the other, and in
raing them over, the cheese changes moulds
lis operation is repeated three days in succession.
Alter this time, the cheeses have become con-
lent, and they are salted. For this purpose, the
per part is sprinkled with salt, and as much of
; sides as i)0ssiblc, and when the salt has pcne-
ted, the other side is salted in the same manner
er having turned the cheese. '

When they are sufficientlv salted, they are
ccd upon shelves, kept with the most perfect
anliness, and there, they are turned morning
1 night— changing their places, not to return
m to the moisture which thev had communi-
|ed to the board. Thus tbey are continued

NO. 35.

until ttey are well dry, then they are place.l upon
straw, and care is taken to turn them often and to
watch them, to clean them from the insects which
may attack them. If they are too dry, they are
moistCTied a little, in the manner we have men-
tioned, page 96.

OF CHEESES MADE FROM SHEEp's MILK

The cheesey part is that which predominates
in sheep s milk, and majiy more cheeses nii^ht he
made Irom it, were this produce more abundant •
but these annuals furnish so small a quantity that
lu many places, they neglect doing anything with
It. It IS this milk which produces the Roquefort
cheese— which we shall not here speak of, as we
shall only treat of those cheeses of a soft con-
sistency.

OF THE LITTLE CHEESES OF MONTPELIEK

In the environs of Montpelier, they make small
cheeses of sheep's milk, from the time the lambs
licgin to eat alone, until towards the month of
June, when they cease to milk the sheep.

All the milk of one "milking" is strained and
put in large free-stone jiots. If the weather is
cold, the pots are placed in rather a warm ..lace
otherwise they are kept in a cool place. The'
rennet is mixed with it, and as soon as the milk is
turned, the curd is divided with a wooden skim-
rtfr and the hands to fiicilifate the .separation of
the whey It may be said, that generally the curd
of sheei> s milk retains the whey more than any
other, and it is necessary, to divide it carefullv to
separate it from it.

After this, the curd is put into moulds pierced
with holes, and left to drain. These moulds are
generally six inches in diameter and an inch in
height. Care should be taken to turn the cheese
irom time to time, ujitil it is of a certain consis-
tency ; wlien so, it is taken from the mould and
placed upon straw, both sides are salted, and it is
turned every day.

Some prefer this cheese when but five or six
days old ; others when it is strained, which is
done by methods similar to those which we have
mentioned.

goat's milk cheese.
Different cheeses, either to be eaten fresh or
strained, may be made of goat's milk. We shall
only describe the methods used to make those of
Mont d'Or and the " Recuites."

^Vllde the milk is curdling, boxes of fir-wood
about lour inches in diameter and two in height
ai-e placed upon shelves covered with strfw
They resemble those used by confectioners to put
sugar-p urns ,n. Tbey are covered with a fine
white cloth, and filled with the curd by means of
a kind of wooden skimmer. The cheeses are
there left to sweat perfectly, and when the whey
IS a 1 out they are taken from the boxes with the
c oth and placed in this state upon a hurdle of
straw There they are salted on the top, and
tW3ntyfour hours afterwards, turned in plLdn:.
them upon another hurdle ; the cloth is taken
of}, and the other side salted. Thus they are
turned every day, changing them at the same
time from one hurdle to another, which ought
always to be kept clean, and care taken to add
salt— il there is not swflicient. If the salt leaves
any si.ots upon the surface of the cheeses, which
sometimes happens, particularly when it l,as not
been well cleaned and pounded fine, tliey should
I.e taken off by washing them with water In
tins state they are placed upon very clean shelves
in a place n, ither too dry nor too moist and
turned every day.

When the cheese is to be eaten under a creamy
form, It IS put between two round plates which are
turned over every day— so that the cheese may be
somet^ov^ upo;-a.io side, K<.me.:.„e. upon r.noLr,
and left there until it is sufliciently softened

When, on the contrary, thev are to he kepL
tliey are dried as much as possible. ' They are
done in this manner to send away, enclosed in flat
louna boxes of fir-wood. To be eaten good, they
should be soaked in white wine (sack) and softened
between two plates, as we have mentioned

MONT d'oR CHEESE.

As soon as the goats are milked, the milk is
strained, and turned into earthen vessels or fir
wood milk-pails. After remaining quiet two or
three hours the rennet is mixed with it, by stirrinsr
the whole. The curdling does not take place un-
til after some hours.

The rennet is prepared in a particular manner
Dissolve in a pint of dry white wine, to which is
added two glasses of good white vinegar, an ounce
0 gray salt ; and soak in it a bit of dried pig's
bladder. To keep it, care should be taken to put
together the quantities of which we have spoken,
when the old rennet is half gone.

RECUITES.

■ A sniall kind of cheese to be eaten fresh, »
made of goat's milk ; they can be prepared a few
moments even before serving it for the table,
riicy are called " recuites " in Dauphigny. Sev-
eral httle forms, containing just enough" for one
person, are filled with milk, a very little rennet
added, and placed in the "bain-marie," (boiling
hot water) where the heat causes the milk to be
soon curdled. Thej- are cooled, and served in the
forms m which they are made, like little pots of
cream. These recuites, which are eaten thus
without being separated from the whey are verr'
delicate. They may be flavored — and the same
may be done with cow's milk. If they are not
eaten soon, the whey separates, and they are not
srood.

CARROTS FOR BtJfTER.

Mr Fessenden— We have been trying th«
effect of carrots for butter for several weeks past,
agleeably to a suggestion in your paper ofJanu-
ary last— our mode has been to take four carrot.
of the Altringham kind, of about one and a half
inches in diameter to cream enough to make ten
pounds of butter, and afier washmg them clean
to grate them and cover them with new milk, and
after they have stood ten minutes to squeeze them

274

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 11, 1S35.

tbrou.^h a cloth into t!,r rrc.m and the effect has

ecu to ..utke the bt.ttcr con.c quicker and give ■

U^",or and sweetness of May buncv; so sweet

and waxy has heen the hotter made in thi» way
that rt.ose persons who have eaten of ,t, c^ould not
bel e . thev wore eating winter hntter. We.con-
Ser it the greatest i.nprovem.tt we have ever
known in making butter at this season

I Pnr Uie New F.npl:iiui Farmer.]

KEPORT O-N MB SUELDEn's FARM.
I Continued from paje2G9.)
.?™/c Trecs.-Thcre are 220 Apple Trees on
„,; Farm, 60 are pbnted in an otxhard, about
WO which are grafted. The residue are natu-

Jurees, and are scattered in '"«--%' tshels

The (luantity of winter apples, 30 bus itls.

atIl:yof ei,L made, 5 barrels The ^bard

is ploughed and planted occasionally, and thetiees

''Tli is one circumstance in connexion with
,ide making, which it may not be improper to
rnenio in tllis connexion. Good cider is a de-
Samm. This may always be ob..ned by Ob
«ervin<r the following process. After the apples
a" ound and the juice expressed, let the liQUO
be' p'ut in wholesome casks. Let it then be put
into a cellar not exposed to changes of a,r, fer-
mented and bunged tight. When this ru e has
been adhered to! I have never failed of having
first rate cider.

Form and dimension of Bams. Of l^.-"-"s »
• have two. These are 30 feet apart, and connected
S a building used as a stall for cattle below, and
cranary above. One is 34 feet long and 30 fee
^vide! with a bay on one side of the floor-way, and
r£l for cattle on the other. The pther barn
was forn.rrlv an old foshioned, narrow building,
"g feet iaVby 72 long. To this I added a Im-
?er 3 feet in width, the whole length of the barn
Afcr a few years, my hay ^^- '"-^-f^-J
tindin- myself in need ot more room, I enlaiged
S e ba°rn by splitting it lengthwise, setting it open
by s rewsf 14 feet, and fdlhig up the space.
This gives two floor-ways. The hay on the north
.idc is filled by driving into the centre floor-way,
and ho centre filled by driving into the south
floor way, which greatly diminishes the labor oi
sto in<^ In tl>c centre, or new part, the beams
ar"' raised three feet higher than the old beams,
"hove these, is a granary 14 feet by 72, with tv^^o
win.lows in each end. These barns are on the
northern side of the yard. On the easterly side
of the yard is an open shed 36 feet long.

The barn yard is about 150 feet m length by
100 fi'ct in width. 11 is divided ill the centre by
„ fence, in which stands a watering trough. It s
^upoli.d with water from a pump standing in the
ba'ri. The yard .leclin.s from tl... edge to t^ie cen-
tre, consequently no water can escape except as .
may be lei off by a .Irain leading under ground
across the road, which is usually kept closed A
causeway is built through the lower part of 1 •
yard for the passage of teams. On "''"^•■^■J'=/'^
,he causeway, we make our compost, by haul i g
soil, swamp muck, and mixing them with the
scrlpings of the yard. The wash of the sink
and the suds from the wash room is conducted by
a drain to the heap. Under the linter on the
south side of the barn is a reservoir which e-
ceivofl all the urine from the cattle. This is also

mixed with compost, and used by sprinkling as 1
before described.

TRe number of oxen is six. The average num-
ber of cows, 38. Horses 8. The cows are of
the native breed, the milk of which '^ .-old n
Salem market. The amount of milk sold,
amounts to 13000 gallons per annum.

About 200 lbs. butter are made yearly, lioni
milk reserved for family use.

Swine. Average number, 20. The quantity of
pork made, 6000 lbs. This pork is made from
shoats purchased in the fall, and kept about three
months in a slaughter yard, then fotted upon grain
and part killed in the spring, and the residue the
ensuing fall.

Labor employed in carrying on the Farm. t?ix
men in summer, and four in winter.

qiiantiiy of ardent spirits consumed, 20 gallons.
Manner of feeding stock. In the winter ; by
chopping the different kinds of hay and corn-fod-
der I feed 44 cattle. These eat 3 bushels of
meal ground with the cob, and six bushels pota-
toes m- other vegetables chopped fine, and mrxed
with a suflicicnt quantity of lodder. About 3
bushels of the composition are given daily to each

""Thave thus presented you with a brief, and as
I hope, comprehensive account of my larm, and
its management. In conclusion, it may be proper
to observe, that it has been in my possession about
nine years. At the time of purchase, the farm
Tsilted of 127 acres. To this I added 85 acres
pasture land, for which I paid $1400. The stock
Ihen kept was 4 oxen, 8 cows, and 1 horse. From
5 to 8 tons English hay were sold yearly. ^
I remain very resiiectluUy,

Your obedient servant,

Amos Shelden.^j

Essex, ss. Beverly, December 26^, mi. Then
the above mentioned Amos Shelden, Esquire,
personally appeared and made oath to the truth
of the foregoing statement by him subscribed.
Before me, Robert Rantoul,

Justice of the Peace.

self. We have occasionally more assistance in
the" summer season, but the labor they T'erform
on the farm is not more than equal to that per-
formed on work not connected with the iartii.
About one half the labor performed by the eight
horses and six oxen, is also not connected with the
farm. One horse is kept as a stud.

5. The kind of potatoes raised, were the
Chenango ami Long Red. .

6 We had hoed one j.icce of our corn, when
we received a ddtivator lioin Mr J. R. Newell of
the Agricultural Warehouse, Boston. This we
u«ed on the other field at the first hoeing, and ,t
answered an admirable purpose ; and 1 am free
to recommend it as a labor-saving instrument.

7 Manure. Since the farm came into my
possession, I have purchased manure in Salem to
an an.ount not exceeding three hundred dollars
From the slaughter yard, we have the manure of
about 350 cattle per annum —estimated at about
15 cords The quantity brought from balem
vearly, would not vary much from 15 cords —
making in all about thirty cords used over and
above what we make on the farm.

8 Salt Hay. I purchase about twelve tons
annually, and use about the same quantity of
other fodder for transient stock not enumerated m
the preceding statement.

9 Calves. My calves are generally slaugh-
tered, or sold at about three days old, excepting
when we have a surplus quantity of milk or veal
is valuable in market. Last, March, 1 sold four
calves, (averaging forty days old,) in market, lor
risin- $11 each. My method of managing calves
intended for veal is as follows: To keep them_m
a warm pen, and supply them plentifully with
clean straw every day -allowing them as much
milk as they will take. They are led to the cow
and are not allowed to run or to eat dirt of an)
kind. When this course has beeilj^gfrictiy ad-
hered to, I have not failed to have veal of th.
whitest and fattest kind.

Very respectfully, yours. Inc.

Amos Shejlben..

Benj. Guild, Esq.

ADDENDA.

In preparing the statement of my ftu-m entej-ed
for the premium offered by the Massachusetts
Society for the promotion of Agriculture a lew
items were omitted, which 1 herewith forward
that they may be considered in connexion.

1 III re.rard to the result of feeding stock, &c.
When the cattle first went into the barn, they were
fed with fodder in the usual way, and in the same
quantities as mentioned in the previous statement
I'n consequence of a press of labor we did no
...ommence cutting the fodder until the catt e had
been in the barn two or three weeks, — at the ex-
piration of which time it was cut and mixed m
the manner before described. In three days after
we commenced feeding with this mixture, the
increase of milk from thirty cows was four gal-
lons. , J .

2 In the fall of 1833, we purchased two eo^,-
.et ewes. These with their lambs, and three
wethers since added, making seven in all, were
pastured with cows not in milk.

3. A bull should have been enumerated m the
statement of slock before made.

4 In regard to labor. The five men, men-
tioned in the former paper, did not include my-

MANTJFACTURE OF AXES BY NEW MODES.

Mr Fk.ssenden, . ,

Dear Sir,— If you Aink it an object, as 1 d.

"to shew the insenuitv of Yankees in competin

with foreian nations by their inventions and lab<

saving machines, the following is at your se

vice It will afford new evidence of the onwa;,

march of improvement. William Kenrick.

Beino- lately at Douglas, Mass. I was invited

my fritmd, Griftin Clark, Esq. of that place

vi<;it the Manufactory of Axes, belonging

Messrs Hunt & Co. At this establishment, abr

500 axes and hati'hets are manufactured m a di

of all descriptions, and of the most l>euutilul a

perfect workmanship, an.l chiefly by a new mo

Besides Adzes, and a variety of other spee.es

cd-e tools, I noticed tlu; Pittsburg broad-axe

is "not deep, but the broadest of all I have e

seen ; the edge straight, and about sixteen mc

in its width; its form resembles the ship-carp

trr's nxe. The Kentucky axes differ ti-om

choppimr axes, only, in being heavier, and hav

a very long bit. The chopping axes and all

larger size are formed in the usual way by dc

ling the iron. But all of a smaller descnp

are formed by a new and more expeditious m

Bars of cold iron, about an inch thick and :

VOL. xni. NO. 33.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

inches wide', more or less, according to the size of
tile intended axe, or liatciief, arc cut into suitable
leiigths with ponderous shears.

These pieces being cast into the forge and
brought to the required heat, arc cleft at one end
and nito this cleft a tongue of cast steel is inserted ■'
then being again heated, the complete union of
the Hon and steel is eftected with tlie hanmier
These being subjected anew to the fire, are laid on
edge in a mould, and a single and powerful blow
or pressure of an engine, comj.lete the profile of
tlie small broad a.xe or hatchet, and this blow be-
ing repealed a second time, rendcre the outline
still more perfect. They are next transferred to
another engine, furnished with a die ; in this the
«xe is laid, and a heavy weight of iron similar in
size to those employed in driving piles, beimj
drawn uji suddenly by ^vater power, completes the
form of the axe by its fall.

275

Another engine is about going into use which
Will give to the rough and oblong section of a bar
of iron, the form of a perfect and beautiful axe or
hatchet at a single and instantaneous operation.
Thus are tJiese instruments formed ; but the eye
for the insertion of the handle, is made by borin-^
through the cold and solid iron. The axe being
fixed m a firm position above, a vertical drill or
species of auger perforates them from below
This auger has a three-fold motion. First, a re-
volving motion on its own centre. Second, it
moves in an orbit, which is that of a very eccen-
tric ellipsis, corresponding with the form of the
eye. Third, a vertical or upward motion at inter-
vals, and at each time it has completed a revolu-
tion in its orbit.

An axe is bored in about twenty minutes ; and
one man will attend to twentyfive augers or axes ;
and another man is suflicient to sharpen the drills'
or instruments for the same.

Respectfully, your friend and obt. servant.

W. K.

rNTERESTEVG TO F^iRMEHS.

The following short history of the origin and
process of the application of Plaster Paris, as a
manure, may be important to the agriciiltural
interest.

The first discoven- of the utility of Gypsum
or Plaster Paris, for agricultural purposes, was
made by a laborer, engaged in pouudin? plaster
Dear Hilbrun, in Germany. He noticed tlie extra
growth of the grass along the route which he at
iiflerent Ximes travelled, across a meadow; sup-
.osing It to be occasioned by the fine plaster drop-
led trom his clothes, he was induced to try an
^xpermicnt, to determine the point ; it succeeded
leyond his expectation ; and otliers tested its use
ulness, until all became satisfied of its nutritious
luahties; and thus the use of plaster in Gennanv
lecame general, as a manure, wherever it could
« obtained.

"In the year 1768, Jacol, Barge, of Philadelphia,
aving learned the use of plaster in Germany, ob-
imed some from a manufacturer of Burr stones
Qtl scattered it upon a field of clover which
roved perfectly satisfactory ; in consequence of
'hich, Messrs Ilocker, Lancaster, Clifford, and
'avid Deshler, all respectable farmers near Phila-
slphia, used the plaster in various ways, and for
iflerent plants, and were all equally well satisfied

Its utility. The call for, ami application of, the I
ticle increased ; and hence the commencement

a regular trade, upon the seaboard, in the trana- 1

portation of plaster from Nova Scotia, to all the
southern ports; which has regularly increased,
irom that jjcriod to the present time", and wiiicli
has become a business as regular and permanent
as any other in the United States.

"The directions for the application of plaster,
are so various and multiplied, that it is believed no'
certain general rule can ever be adopted, for it has
lieen found that on some grounds, one bushel to
Ihe acre, is better than six bushels; two bushels
to the acre, however, appears to be the quantity
required for the largest portion of the lands in
Pennsylvania. No one should be discoura<;ed if
no perceptible benefit should result from a trial
the first year ; for it has been found, that the
more slow in its effect^, the more certain it is to
be advantageous in two, three, and even four years
after its application. For clover, grass, &c. it
should be sown over the field, just before or after
the grass or clover begins to grow in the spring.
It IS used in the .same manner, upon wheat, bar-
ley, oats and buckwheat grounds.

"Another mode for grain of all kinds, is, to wet
the gram thoroughly, and then mix as much dry
plaster with it, as will adhere to tiie kernel, and
immediately strew and harrow in. For corn
throw upon each hill a small table spoonful as
soon as the leaves are formed. From the various
expenments made in the Eastern States the lact
seems to be well established, that a certain quan-
tity of plaster, used upon all dry soils, and on low
grounds in dry seasons, is of the utmost impor-
tance, and adds greatly to the srowtli of every
kind of vegetable substance intended for the use
of man or beast. The only sure direction, there-
fore, for using the plaster, is, for each person to
ascertain, by experiments, the quantity required
for the particular parcel or kind of ground, which
it may be desirable to enrich and fertiliz'e. On
very dry grounds, it may be advisable to wet the
gram and mix plaster, as above directed ; and
after harrowing, to strew on the top of the ground
thus sown, in a damp day, about one bushel to
the acre."— Ohio Stale Journal.

A CHKAP GKEEv PAiNr.—Take four pounds of
Roman vitriol, and pour upon it a tea Icetlle full
of boihng water; when the vitriol is dissolved, add
two pounds of pearlash, and stir the mixture well
with a stick until the eflervcscence ceases ; then
add a quarter of a pound of pulverized yellow
arsenic, and stir the whole together. Lay it on
will, a paint brush, and if the wall has not been
painted before, two or three coats will be neces-
sary. Jf a iiea green be required put in le.ss, and
1 an apple green more, of the yellow arsenic.
Ihe cost of this paint is less than one fourth of oil
color, and the beauty far superior lb.

To BOIL PEAS AND BEAMS.— That dry peas or
beans may readily boil soft in hard water, throw
a small quantity of sub-carbonate of soda, com
mon soda of the shops, into the vessel in which
they are to be boiled.

Hay-racks should never project forward, as.
the animals in drawing out the hay are teased with
the seeds falling into their eves and ears; their
breath also passes through the hav, and makes it
unsavory.

BofLED Flax Seed.— This is the season of
the year, when cattle, hor.ses, and sheep, should
occasionally have a little flax seed, boiled in wa-
ter, and mixed with their food. If they are fed
principally on dry food, the flax seed as well as
the liquid from it, is the more necessary— FaH^ce
rarmcr.

Such has been the rage fov emigration amongst
the Lngbsh, that notwiths-anding the thousand*
Who have lauded in Amevica, vast nmnbers have
voluntanly transported t'.iemsclvcs to Botany Bav
hesides those who have been compelled to ga
thither as convicts.

ITEMS.

The Weather.— The present, thus far, has
been a most delightful winter in the 'heathen land'
of the West; but our exchange papers give a
freezing account of ths weather east of the moun-
tains. The first week in January is said to have
been attended with the most intense cold known
for 40 years. In Philadelphia, on the 4th, the ther-
mometer was 2 degrees below zero, and on the
•5th, It was reduced to 4. The Delaware was fro-
zen over. On the same days, in Newark, N. J it
was 13 degrees below zero ; in New York city
18; m Albany 32; and Boston, 9; the avera™
depth of snow, about 20 inches. In lllinoi-< at
the present time, the average depth of— niudJ-is
about tlie same — Illinois Stoic Gaz.

On Raising Lambs. — Great care should be
taken m raising lambs, for when they are born it
IS frequently the case that their fore teeth are not
cut, which makes it very diflicult for them to hoM
he teat so as to suck when young and weak, and
It IS common for lambs to get discouraged thou,.h
ever so rugged at first. To remedy this evil rub
the thunib nail, or other hard substance, over the
gums sufficiently hard to cause the teeth to cut
tlirough, and the lambs will then be able to s^ck
without any difficuhy. -Yankee Farmer.

A Tanner and Currier in Chillicothe, Ohio, ad-
vertises for a foreman to conduct his business, and
requires of him the following qualifications:

1st. He mu.'it have a competent knowledge of
the above named business.
I 2d. He naist not use any ardent siiirits nor
tobacco in any form.

3d. He niust not make use of any profane or
obscene language.

4th. He must not be out late at night, nor be
found in bed late in tlie mornings.

Water Proof Varnish.— It simply consists
Of seneca oil and gum elastic ; one ounce of the
latter to be cut into thin shreds and dissolved in a
pint of the former, and when dissolved, which
will be in a few days, the boots are to be com-
pletely saturated or charged with the mixture
The manner in which I have prepared my boots is
as follows: I take a piece of sponge, and rub the
mixture in until the leather will absorb no more
of It ; the boots are then laid by for a day or two
when the j.rocess is repeated. The soles, as well
as the vppers, are to be thus rubbed, and the op-
eration IS to be performed either before the fire or
in the sun. Since I have adopted this plan of
treating my gunning boots I have never had a
wet foot. It imparts an elastic pliancy to the
leather, which, without the least exaggeration
would make one pair last as long as two which
had not been so prepared.— .-Jmcn'can Turf Ree^-
ister. *

Mr Pettigrcw, an eminent surgeon, states that
tobacco is the only medicine that has yet ever ar
rested the progress of hydrophobia.

MARCH 11, 1833.

^ ^ 2^ J£ •<& ■*£? S. ^ ^ ^ ^ »

AGRICULTURAl, EXHIBITION,

BlUDGEVVATER

WEDNESDAY

10

*30

20
10

ON THE SECOND
OCTOBER, 183n.
List of Fnmiuins proposed by the Phjmonth County .'ig
ricultural Society.

IMPROVEMENTS AND MANURE.

1 _ln tlic liope of exciting a spirit of em-
ulation on a subject intimately connected
with the asi-icultm-al interest, and ol gen-
eral accommodation, the premium ot fifty
dollars is offered the town in the County
of Plymoutli, through which the roads
shall be put in the best condition, and most
extensively bordered with useful and orna-
mental T;-ees, in October, 1835, at which
time the premium may be awarded and
paid to the Treasurer of any town which
shall be adjudged to merit it.
2 —To the person who shall have converted
the orcatcst ipiantity of swampy land or
fresh meadow into English mowing, which
• shall be in the best condition on the first
day of October, 1835.
;.;._A second premium for the same object

and two volumes of the New England
Fanner.
4. — A third do.

and one volume of the N. E. Farmer.

N. B._Claimants nuist state in writmg
the condition of the land when the im-
provements commenced, the kind of soi
and depth, the produce of each year, and
a particular account of all their proceed-

5 _!to the person who shall cultivate the
createst number of White Mulberry
Trees, not less than fom- years old, and
shall have arranged them in the most con-
venient manner for feeding the silk worm,
which shall be in the most flourishing con-
dition in Septendier, 1835,

g. Next greatest nundx.'r do.

and one volume N. E. Farmer.
7. — Next do.

and one volume Comi)lcte l^armer.
8 _To the person who shall cultivate the
'.rreatcst nund)er of Chinese Mulberry
Trees, not less than one year old, raised
from the seed,
9. — Next do.

and one volume Complete Farmer.
10 —To the person who shall cultivate the
grcatc^st number of do. of any age, from
cuttings,

and one volume N. E. Farmer.
jj_ To the person who shall build the great-
est quantity of good stone wall before Sep-
tember, 1833, and improve his farm judi-
ciously in otlKU- resiiects,
and two volumes N. E. Farmer.
12._A second premium for the same object

of

and one volume Complete Farmer.

j3 1\y the person who shall make the great-
est quantity of the most valuable compost
manure, not less than 350 loads,

j4 To the person who shall make the next

greatest quantity, not less than 300 loads,

jg To the person who shall make the next

greatest quantity, not less than 200 loads,

15
10

15

8
6
4

16._To the person who shall make the next
greatest quantity, not less than 150 loads,

17. To the person who shall make the next

createst quantity, not less than 100 loads, 7

N B-Cliiimstobcmadeon or before September 1,
1835, tn ISAAC ALDEN, E.st Bn.lgewater. Clann.nts
to entitle ,l,e,„elves to ,be above olhred ir'"-''"; ";' ^
maWc a particular statement, in ur.Ung, of then several
operations.

PRODUCE.

1. For the greatest quantity of Winter

Wheat raised on not less than one acre of
land, nor less than twenty bushels,
2._For the next greatest quantity do.
3._For the best crop of Indian Corn on
one acre, not less than 90 bushels, (75 lbs.
in the ear considered a bushel) not to be
harvested before the 15th of October, 1835,

4. For the next best crop, not less than 80

bushels, ^

5.— For the next best crop, not less than (b
bushels,

6. For the next best crop, not less than 60

bushels,
7 —For the best crop of Potatoes on not
"less than one acre of land, and not less
than 500 bushels of any kind,
S.^For the best crop of White Potatoes on
"not less than one acre, and not less than
400 bushels, 56 lbs. to be considered a
bushel of every kind of roots except onions,
9.— For the best crop of Oats on not less
tlian two acres, and not less than 50 bush-
els to the a'cre,

10. For the next best do. do.

11 —For the greatest number of bushels ol
Kye, raised on an acre, and not less than
30 bushels,

1-7 For the next best do. do.

13— For the greatest quantity of White
Beans, raised on au acre, not less than 15

bushels, r I 1

14._For the next greatest number ot busii-

els of do. not less than 12 bushels,

15 For the greatest number of bushels of

' Carrots raised on not less than one acre ol

land, and not less than 300 bushels, .

16.— For the next greatest quantity on halt

au acre. „ , ' , , <•

17 —For the greatest number of bu.shels ol
Onions on not less than a quarter of an
acre of land, and not less than 75 bushels,

18 —For the greatest quantity of tfweet 1 o-
tatocs raised on not less than twenty square
rods of land, the claimant making n satis-
factory statement of the cultivation,

19 —For the best Apples which shall be ripe
for eating on the day of Exhibition, not
less than a bushel,

•20. — For the next best do. do.

21._For the best Pears not less than a busli-

' *='' ,1

22. — For the next best do. ao.

An additional dollar on each bushel ot
mium fruit, if the owners consent to have it used
at the public dinner. Fruit must be deposited m
the Academy Hall. .

The Committee on Produce are authorized to
distribute ten volumes N. E. Farmer and teu vol-
umes Complete Farmer, as additions to the above
offere.1 premiums, or as gratuities to unsuccessful
claimants, accor.ling to their ju.lgment ol merit.

N. B.-lt will be required of claimants of the ^bove
premiums, to state in writing the eond.uon of the land

t the time the course of cultivation, for ibe approaching
sea on, may commence, and the .eve.al operations in

,;,"ult,va(,on ; the atnount of pro.h...e must be attested
by tbo owner and one laborer. A ceruficale ol l'"- "'^In-
urement of the land by some respectable snrveyoi , «ill
bl en red. Claims il be made on or before October
14 3:ir>, but the evidence of the amount ot crops, need

;,o't\,e produced unul I'- !«''' "' '^.I'lT'a^iW'cH:
Conununicalions to be made to ^A^H.A^ i^'.'l^"
ELL, of Bridgewater, Chairman of the Committee of
Produce.

STOCK.

1. For the best fat Ox,

2. — Next do do.

3. — Next do. do.

4. For best milch Cow,

5. — Next do. do.
6. — Next do. do.

7.— For the best Heifer, not less than 1, nor

more than 3 years old,

8. For the second best

9. For the best Bull,

months old,
10. — For the second do.
ll._For the best Bull Calf, not less than 5

"months old, nor more than twelve,

12. For the second do. do.

13. For the best Heifer Calf, do.

14 For the second do. do.

The Committee on Stock are authorised to dis-
tribute two volumes N. E. Farmer and five vol-
umes Complete Farmer.

Cattle not to be removed from the pens before
1 o'clock, P. M.

N B.-Claims for Stock of every sort, and entries fo,
Ploii"bin" Match, to be made on or before Oclober I.J.
Srt./AimAM'WASHBURN, of Bridgewater Chair

man of the Committee of Arrangement. Claims en
e'rav ib any of the CommiUecs by letters not pos
nid will not be considered. Animals must have beei

i-epl in tl," County five months to entitle them to prem.

ums.

do. do

not less than 12

do.

10

6

4
10

6

4

5
3

4
2

3
2
3
2

A PLOUGHING MATCH

^om commence at nine o^clock, A. M. on the day o

10

$1

30

25

30
20
12

3
2

4

3

pre-

exhibition
1st Premium,
2d do.
3d do.

4th do. , • J

The Committee on Ploughing are authorised
distribute five volumes Complete Farmer.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

1.— For the best yoke of Working Oxen,

2 For the second best do.

3— For the best yoke of Steers, not less

than two, nor more than four years old.
4. For the second best do.

MANCFACTURES.

1 —For the best piece of Woollen Cloth,
manufactured by an individual or corpora-
tion in the county, not Ics^ than 20 yards,
9 —For the best piece of do. do. iiianufae-
"tured in any f-miily not less than 20 yards,
■> —For the next piece of do. do. do.
4.— For the best piece of Cassimere, not

less than 20 yards,
5.__For the best piece of Flannel of wool,

not less than 30 yards,
0 —For the best pair of Woollen Blankets,
7'._F<u- the best piece of Carpeting, not
less than 20 yards,

8 For the second best do. do.

9_For the best piece of Satinett, manu-
factured by an individual or corporation
not less than 30 yards,
10. For the next best do. do.

VOL. XIII. NO. 35

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

1 1 — For the limst pair of woollen Stockings, l
1^- — For tlie l)est pair of Cotton do. " l

13. — For tJie best Heartli Rirj;-, 2

Tiie Couiinittee on Clotli aru authorized to dis-
tribute $ia

BO.VNETS AND FANCV ARTICLES.

1. — For the best Straw or Grass Bonnet. 4

2 — Second best do. o

Committee authorized to distribute $40.

ARTICLK.S OF THE DAIRr, COCOONS, SILK
INVENTIONS.

1 — For the best Butter made in the County,
not less tlian 25 lbs.
2. — Next best do.
3. — Ne.xt best do.
■i- — For the best Cheese do. not less than

100 lbs.
5. — Second best do.

6 To the person who shall raise and pro-
duce the largest quantity of Cocoons in the
County,

7- — To the person who shall raise and pro-
duce the next largest quantity, do.

8- — To the person who shall raise and pro-
duce the next largest qnanlity, do.

9. — For every ounce of well wrought Silk.
raised in the County, and presented for
premium, 12 1.2 cts.

Committee authorized to distribute $20

277

$3
2
1

5
3

8

ti

$40

100
50

Articles (if Manufacture must bfi present fi)r examina-
tion at Ihe meeting of ilio Society, with marks which
will not in(Ju:ale lo whom die resueclive arlicles beloii.'
MORTON EDDY, ofB.idgewater, will provide a ph,c°
of cleposite for manufaclures, and no article of manufac-
ture will he received lor examination or premium after
0 o'clock, A. M., and no articles received manufactured
out of tile County.

PREMIUMS CLAIMABLE IN FUTURE YEARS.

1 For the best plantation of Forest trees

not less than one acre, nor less that 1000
trees per acre, to be raised from the seed,
which shall bs in the most thriving condi-
tion in the year 1836, premium then to be
payable, on satisfactory evidence furnished
the Trustees,
2- — To the person who shall make the
greatest annual improvements on his farm
and obtain the most clear profit before
October, 183S,
3. — Second premium for the same objects.
Claimants must exhibit a particular account of the ex-
pense of culuvauon and the income of eath year As
rnurli as praclR-able, they must show what croi.s and
wliat animals give the greatest profit ; the course of cub
tivation that gives tin; most abundant immediate products
and best preserves the energies of the soil, il.o manage-
ment and feeding of ihe aoimals which will be most
likely to produce lieallb and thrift. 'J-linse who choose

;«';"fi!?^';',''"'l™"'l"='"'"" ""'St enter theirfarms with
ISAAC ALUEN, East Ilridgewater before May, 1835
staling the number of .acres, ibe dirt'erent kinds of soil'
the present cordilion, llie number and ages of domestic
aniinas, and during the cnnpeliiion must keep their
ngncullural accounts and interests entirely distinct from
allotierinierests. Claimantsof these premiums will not
be allowed atier the year 183G, to take any premiums
tor a specific improvement or prime animal.

No premium, not demanded within one year
•will afterward be paid. '

The Trustees will not consider tlicmselves
obliged by the terms of the above offers, to give a
premium in any case, when it shall be evident
there has been no competition, nor more than
ordinary exenion. •*

Per order of the Trustees,

. Morrill Allen.

Brulgeicatcr, Januari/, 1835.

DIPFEREMT BREEDS OP SAVINE.

Until lately I had little idea that so great a dif-
ference exi.sted in the breed of swine. Last fall
when in Albany, I bought of j\Ir Bemeut two
beautiful China spotted hogs. The female was in
pig to a fine white English boar, sent to Mr B. by
Doctor llosack ; and although youns, she pro-
duced a fine litter of eight pigs, the finest in
shape and proportion that I ever saw. The male
pigs I gave away to my agricultural friends in dif-
ferent parts of the country, and the females with
their mother, and the China boar I sent this spring
to my farm on Grand Island. They have eaten
there scarcely any thing but grass", and yet all
keep too fat for good breeders, so my farmer
says, and lie down nearly all the time, never at-
tempting to get into mischief or causing trouble.
When we took possession of the farm,! bought
ten « wood hogs" of the man who had occupted
the place previously: To be sure they looked
scurvy and mean, with long snouts, high thin
backs, light quarters and long tails; vet I thought
something could be made of^them. 'So at it we
went. I ordered the hogs to have all the slops
and wash of the family, not a small one, with the
skim. milk of several cows ; and even my beauti-
fiil plump Chiuas were turned off to pick their
own way for the benefit of these graceless rooters
of the woods. Well, we kept the ^rascals about
six weeks, and fed them well, and* actually, the
more we fed them, the worse they looked ; and
finally to get rid of the nuisance wliich their siiilit
occasioned me whenever I visited the farm, a"nd
to be free ■ from their mischief, for the Vandals
were continually i>rying about to see what harm
they could do when not eating, I agreed witli
one of my men to put the hogs^into a boat and
rid the island of them at once, sell them for the
most he could get, and give me half the amount^
He thought sellmg hogs to the halves a good busi-
ness, and forthwith despatched them to a neigh-
boring still yard, a worthy receptacle for such a
concern.

I actually believe, that with what those raven-
ous beasts consumed, we can keep thirty of the
China breed, well growing, fiit, and quiet. They
are of good size, will fat to full 400 Jiounds, and
their pork is of most superior quality. I believe
them every way superior to the Byfield or Grass
breed, being longer bodied and very broad. I in-
tend increasing the breed as rapidly as possible
from iny own stock, and keeping no other, unless
to imjirove by an occasional cross from abroad, to
keep up good blood and constitution. Yet strange
to .say, although my China boar is pronounced by
excellent judges the most perfect animal of tlie
kind they ever saw, he was kept through the last
fall and winter in town by a neighbor of mine,
and did not earn his keeping. So much encour-
agement for procuring fine animals to improve the
stock of the country. I however obtained the an-
imals for my own use, and their superior quality
abundantly pays for their extra expense in pur-
chase.

JVcat Stock. We found on Grand Island among
the settlers, a little breed of cattle, very hardy
and aAive, that were accustomed to full feeding iii
the summer on the abundant grass and herhaffe
of the island, and during winter starved ofl:^ their
flesh to pretty sorry dimensions by the return of
spring. I bought a number of these little cows,
say fifteen or twenty. They are mostly excel-
lent milkers, tolerably shaped, and may be much

improved by crosses of the finer breeds. I have
also purchased several of the best cows to be
found in the neighboring country, and intend
making a thorough trial in breed'ing. My im-
|>rovcd Short Horn bull is at one fiirm, and the
Devon at another, and we have about thirty cows
in calf to the first, and twenty to the latter. 1
have also three Devon cows of the best blood to
be found, and intend if time and opportunity of-
fers, to make some regular comparisons of the
expense of keeping, quantity of provisions con-
siiincd, and the relative profits for dairy and bi'cf
of the two breeds and their crosses. Both ap-
pear well. But to my eye the iuiproved Short
Horn bears the palm. His splendid stately figure,
noble carriage, great size and fine beautiful limbs'
show much in his favor; while the compact
roundness and solidity, deep mahogany color, and
beautiful form of the little Devons, have much to
commend them also. In fact, both breeds are
good for diflerent jiurposes, and cannot be too
highly esteemed; yet 1 am free to say that fur-
ther observation inclines me to prefer the improv-
ed Short Horns for a general .stock.

Cattle in our neighborhood have sometimes
died of the bloody murrain, supposed to be caus-
ed by sucking in leeches when drinking. We
have as yet lost none. 1 have had constructed
some heavy plank troughs, 12 or 15 feet long, and
fastened on to heavy wooden blocks, to prevent
being upset, for the use of the cattle. In these a
coating of tar has been poured over the bottom,
and sulphur and alum sprinkled on; then a con-
siderable quantity of salt, so that the cattle can
lii^k it up at their pleasure. Cattle will never eat
more .salt than they want, and the other articles
serve as preventives to disease. Many people only
salt their cattle occasionally. But this is apt to be
neglected, and cattle get altogether too little, and
cannot be kept perfectly healthy without enough
of It. It also seems to keep them about home,
and attaches them to the yard, and makes them
docile, afl^ectionate, and easy to manage. All do-
inestic animals have good feelings and dispositions
if kindly treated, and much of the sulleuness and
vice in which they sometimes indulge, arises from
bad treatment in the first instance by their keep-
ers. These matters should be well taken into ac-
count by every farmer and breeder of stock.
Not only humanity, but economy and good thrift
requires it. — Genesee Farmer.

PllESERVATfON OF IRON FROM RUST. A maS-

tic or covering for this purpose, proposed by the
Societe d'Encouragement, at Paris, is as follows :
Eighty parts of pounded brick, pas.sed through a
silk sieve, are mixed with twenty partsof litharge ;
tlie whole is then rubbed up by the muller with
linseed oil, so as to form a tliich paint, which may
be dilute.l with spirits of turpentine ; well clean-
ing the iron before it is applied. From an expe-
rience of two years, upon locks exposed to the air
and. covered daily with salt water, being coated
twice with this mastic, the good effects of the pre-
paration have been thoroughly proved.— Fanitee
Fanner.

Relief for cramp in the stomach Warm

water, sweetened with molasses or coarse brown
sugar, taken freely, will often remove cramp in
the stomach when opium and other powerful
medicines have failed. lb.

278

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 11, 1835-

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAUCH 11, 1835.

LOCATION & CONSTRUCTION OP HOUSES, &c.

[ContiiiMcd Ironi page SIG.]
It was a good maxim of the old Romans, tliat no
degree of ferlUi.Uj should tempt a man to purehase. in an
unhraWiy country. Open level countries arc accounted
healthy where the soil is dry, not parched or sandy,
where wild thyme and other aromatic plants grow
spontaneously, and which is not otherwise bare, but
interspersed with trees for shade. The countenances
of the inhabitants of a country, also, form very good
indices of the healthiness or sickliness of a place.

Judge Peters of Pennsylvania, in Notices for a Young
Farme°r, &.C. directs "not to commence farming with
erecting costly bidldhigs, but to employ your time, efforts
and pecuniary means to your farm, and shift on with
tolerable accommodations, until your fields will warrant
you in providing better. Let your dwelling house and
its appendages be to leeward as respects commonly
prevailing winds, (those in winter especially, when
fire.s are constant) of your barn and stack yard, to pre-
vent accidents by fire." Blr Samuel Gibson, an intel-
ligent Pennsylvania farmer, observes that the distance
between the house and barn, &c. should not be nearer
than sixty, nor farther than one hundred yards. This
distance will be sufficient as security from fire, and if
any of the family are slot, they will not be annoyed by
the efHuvia or noise of the barn or stables. When the
case will admit, the farm house, barn, &c. should front
the south, be sheltered from the northerly winds, and
should enjoy the benefit of the rising sun.

Mr J. M. Gourgas of Weston, Ms. wrote an e.tcellent
article for the l\ew England Farmer, vol. vi. page 20'J,
under the head " Economy in Buildings." For the
benefit of our readers who may not be able lo obtain
this, we present the following extracts.

" .\ furmer, by the nature of things, ought to be a
man of strict economy ; his aim ought to be habitually
to prevent waste in anything and in all things. After
lie has paid seventyfive dollars for his ox-wagon, and
fortyfivc fur the carl, they should not be left exposed to
the ardent sun, nor to the rain, but be carefully housed
under sheds, when not in use. Ploughs and tools should
be secured in the same way ; but the waste which I
have more particularly in view, is what results from the
nat':re and manner of our buildings, all wood. If we
embrace at one view, as one great concern, the whole
commonwealth (the cities excepted), the mind is struck
with awe at tlrtJ consideration of the extreme perisha-
bleness of its habitations— houses, barns and sheds all
built of wood ! Taking it for granted that upon an aver-
age these buildings would last three generations, it SdI-
lowB au a matter of course that once in every third
generation, all the liouses, barns and sheds in the com-
monwealth (the cities excepted), must be built over
again. Truly, this is a great undertaking ; tliis must
dig very deep in the pockets of the parties concerned.

• » • " Hammered or chiselled stone is adapted to
public buildings, or the houses of the wealthy, and is
expensive ; but comfortable, decent houses may be built
ofcommon stone, such as we would use for good field
walls. Such stones, laid in strong mortar, will make
an excellent building, either by facing the wall with the
stones, if fit for the purpose, or by rough casting the
wall after it is built. The foundation not to be less
than three feet thick ; if granite should be handy, it
might be split, and pieces selected for tlie sills and tops
of the doors and windows. A farmer would take win-
•..T leisure time to collect the materials, and, if rightly

conducted, there is no doubt but such a house might be
built for the same cost, or very little more, than in the
present way. In point of comfort, it would be far pref-
erable, because stone houses are warmer in winter and
cooler in summer; as to the durability, it may be said,
without incurring the charge of exaggeration, that a stone
house, covered with tiles, and substantially put up, will
last three hundred years, and will require little or no
repairs the first fifty years. In our climate it happens
at times, that very cold weather is succeeded by a thaw,
and then severe cold comes again. These changes from
extreme to extreme act powerfully upon the mortar,
and will at limes loosen it; it would he preferable, on
that account, to build facing walls, and avoid rough
casting. If the materials for building should be care-
fully selected, there would be no difficulty to have
sufficient stones with a smooth side to lay out, and a
good .mason will raise his walls so as to leave but little
on the outside to fill up with mortar. In any case a
stronger mortar than common may be made to point the
outside of the building. There are, no doubt, various
kinds of mortar or cement, which would answer the
purpose ; one 1 will name, because I have used it, and
found it excellent. The English masons call it blue
mortar, from its color, and is made by mixing a small
quantity of iron filings, or the thin scales which fly
from red hot iron, when under the hammer, upon the
anvil, with good strong mortar. It is used for pointing,
where the workis much exposed. It should be laid early
in the season, because it will take three months to har-
den, which should be before frost takes place. It will
dry to a great degree of hardness and tenacity ; I have
never known it fail, and have been informed, tliat on
the forts in Boston harbor, they have used it with suc-
cess, where before they could get no mortar to stand
long."

Northampton. — This place promises to assume a new
character the ensuing summer. The trivial breaches in
the Canal will be early repaired, and the-navigation
opened promptly. The IVound Hill School will be
resuscitated under the direction of Mr Cogswell early
in the spiing, and apian is in contemplation for extend-
ing the High School for young ladies, kept by Miss
Dwight. A commodious building will be erected this
summer. Some enterprising individuals are going into
the raising of Mulberry and Silk Worms on an exten-
sive scale^and a Cotton and Woollen Manufacturing
establishment is in agitation, to be located near the
aqueduct on the canal.

Lt. Governor Armstrong has appointed Thursday,
April9, tube observed as a day of Fasting and Prayer
throughout this Commonwealth,

Reprieve of the Pirates.— The Spanish Pirates^
who were sentenced to be executed this day, have been
reprieved for three months. It is expected the Presif
dent will pardon Bernardo de Soto, the mate.

Eddcation of the Poor in Paris.— In the 49 chil-
dren's schools maintained by the cily, and the 71 estab-
lishments under the Hospitals, there are 25,035 scholars.
In the 19 adult schools of the city, and seven similar
schools of the hospitals, 1893 scholars. In the seven
colleges there are, 4,932 pupils, of whom 1,873 are
boarders, and 3,059 day scholars. The total number of
these several eslablishmcnis is 172, and of the scholars
to whom they afiord instruction 35,306,

Mistake Corbected.— A writer in the New York
Farmer for the present month, with the signature O.
P. Q. page 74, comments rather piquantly on an article
published in the Complete Farmer, page 124 written by
Mr Townsend of Andover, Conn., in which the writer
appears to direct the application of "fovror fire inches
of well, rotted manure' to an acre, preparatory to a
wheat crop. The word " inches," by an error of the
press, was substituted for the word loads. The passage
should have read, "plough three inches deep, and
spread on evenly four or five loads of well rotted
manure "

MASS. HORTICUIiTURAL SOCIETY.

Palurday, March 7.
fruits exhibited.
A handsome specunen of the Beurre d'Aremberg
Pear, in good preservation ; of fine flavor, and indicat-
ing excellent qualities— from Mr Cheever Newhall.
Pigeonett Apples— from Mr Robert Manning.

flowers exhibited.
By Thomas Mason of Charlestown Vineyard, Azalia
coccinea, do. Phcenicia, Cineraria, Cyclamens, Myrtle,
Primulas, Tea Roses, Stocks, &c.
■ By S Walker, Roxbury, one pot of Hepatica, rubro-
plena, a beautiful production ; Winship's New French
Tea Rose, anemone flore. Also, Due de Grammont.

Liberality.— We are under great obligations to the
President and other officers of the Plymouth County
Acrricultural Society, for their generous distribution of
volumes of the New England Farmer, and Complete
Farmer, as premiums to those cultivators, who have
distinguished themselves and benefited the community
by agricultural improvements. We hope that other
similar societies will adopt similar methods of rewarding
agricultural merit till every good cultivator, at least
in the northern States, shall possess premium copies of
the N. E. Farmer, and Complete Farmer, which may
prove of use as well to direct as to reward their exer-
tions. It should bo a guiding maxim with good farmers.
Let us help those who arc endeavoring to help vs.

CoL. Moseley's Address.— We tender our best ac-
knowledgements to the author for a copy of his Address
to the Essex Country Agricultural Society, at the last
Cuttle Show.

MASS. HORICULTUKAL SOCIETY.

The Standing Committee of the Massashusetts Hor-
ticultural Socie°ty upon Vcgetahles-the products of the
Kitchen G«rrfc«-are requested to meet at the New
England Farmer office on Saturday next, at 1-2 past
10, A.M.

1D= An adjourned meeting of this Society will bt
held at their Hall in Market Street, on Saturday the
21st of March, at 11 o'clock, P. M.

ROBERT T. PAINE, Rec. Sec.

TIIERMOMETRIC.il..

(Rcporli-cl fur llic New England Kaiiner.)

Range of Thermometer at the Maverick House, Ea5

Boston, in a shaded Northwesterly exposure, fre

from the wall,

PEfillllARY, 1835.

7, A, M

Monday, March 2,
Tuesday, 3,
Wednesday, 4,
Thursday, 5,
Friday, 0,
1 Saturday, 7,

Hon. Edward Everett will deliver an address on the
llHh of April, in Lexington, at the request of that town. * Sunday, 8,

13
11
13
17

27
32

I, P. 1M.|9,P. M. Mea

28
20
30
31
42
34
32

19
10
22
23
2i)
33
•34

It

14
21
29
2S
3;

3:

VOI-. XITl. ISO. 35.

SBBDS FOR 1835.

200 hwslicis fiiiesl parly Peas.
100 Large MarroMlal do.

50 D«arf Blue Imperial do.

50 oilier varieiies.

100 be^l Garden lican^!

^MOibs. Long lilood Heel Seed.
200 Karly Tumi|> Ho.

Caljl.as-e Seed, 14 diflerenl kinds.

bme L<M,g Orange Carrol.

fc.arly Horn do.

Common Cucumber.

i^on-j Green do

Karly and Head I.elluees '

Pure While Porlu:jaI Onion.

Silver Skin do.

Large Deep Red rlo.

Early Scarlet .shorl lop Radish.

Long Salmon do.

Turnip Radishes.

Early Scollop .Squash

Early Long do.

Salsafv.

EarlyWhileDnlch Turnip.

English do. '

Ruia Raga do.

Mangel Wurlzel,/o;- catUe.

I it V^""''?? "T'"' Broccoli, Celery, Cress, E-- Plants
Leek, Endive Musk and Water Jlelons Martynea Penupr'

Grass Sekus, wholesale and retail.

DresTv t'rZ '■""'PV.'f '" P="-' ""' stock of seeds raised ex-
p essly (or the es ahlishmeni, and the quahty and goodness

Se lerJ'Xrod''' '"^,^7 '" f "■" ''^^ °«"'=''l herefofo e !!
Uealers and oi hers will please file in their orders immedialelv
and they shall he faithfully e.xeculed for the spring '^ '

nn „ ^? r ""'''" ^''*^' '°' "'« '■■'"""■y trade, neatly paper d
?r^nm"^tk'eT;'r-^:s"" ^"" P'-'P"' ''"' ^^'^ - ^ '-s' Snni

or Je^s^lIe^oliH^e?"'"^^ '^•'^"' *<=■ ""' ^'^ -PP'-^- "^
m^rch rr^°- "^^ ''•^'i\FT A ,>„„„„, Warehouse,
'"''"^''"- No'^-SI '$•52, North Market Street

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

.300
100
50
200
150
100
50
100
200
!50
50
25

150
50
25

100

SOO

100

200

ADMmiSTRATORS SALE OF^^^a1~EST1.TE

^3::^^::^:^;i^s,--;-•^J^t:r■;i;?-Skn:l

in lormer limes, as the ISughee ■I'avern

Sadosiale contains about nine acres of valuable land on
.winch are a large number of choice Fniit Trees with a d vcl
ni? Iionse and outhouses thereon, with an excVlleni wl^of

The situation is desirable to anyone wishino- to build as
cXeTo""'-^' '"''"" "" P"'"'^-^' =>cl.irably?a'lenla"edf"

Said estate if not disposed of on or before the 2d day of
Apnl next.will then be sold at public auction, a, 4 o'c lol, p' „

279

PKICES OF COUNTRY x'' R O D ( (' !

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKl.y.

REGISTER FOR 1835. "

.Tames Lokinc. 132 Washington Street, has just published
leMassachuselts Register for 1835, eonlaining\he names of
he new Legislature new city ofBcers. ji.stices,''lawyers miu
.-.ters^and dpcicrs lliro.ighout ihe Stale; with the ^oshe^of
■he Banks ,n Maine, Vermont and iVew Hampshire and , I?,
names of the Banks in Conneclicul and Rhode' I'an,! Alst
a complete list of the post masters, militia oflicers, colleges'
educaiion. missionary, bible, iract, sabbalh school, medical'
literary, marine, temperance and eharilable societies • banks
and insurance companies; naiional, army an I navy lenari
rnenls; names of consul,, S,-c. and much other useful infoma-

Also— jusl published, STORIES OF GEN. W UiRE\ in
relation to the Fifth of M.rch Massacre, cud the Bam.' of
^'"'t^r Ihll. To «hicli is added. Gen. Warren's fifth 6f
March Oration— By a La<ly of Boston. ?eb 25.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNEDSTOCK

. fob. 25.

(prime)

FOR SABb OR TO LET.

lhis\lty"well c^alcui;;*H"r''^ '" ^Y'°"-^' »''""' ^^'^ ■"'I"-' ^^^
uns cii well calculated for a milk, vegelab e and fruit farm

wa:"tt st':: "- ^""^^' ''"'■"''' ^ --'p--^ — ^'-^■

For tuither particulars apply at Ihis office. m U.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE.

and lfaTLt^;mi,?:"'Ja^?:e!,^^,'i• ^f' '« "- "-' — r,
inches diamet "-runner 13 , le Th ck-rrlr/ ? '''\^
accommodation of other machinery '^""^-""^""^^ ^"^ H.e
One runner, 5 feet diameter, 17inches thick.

l^;:iror;;^,r:;::^,q:!^i:;p,t;ip;t":r''/-^'--

■unner 18 inches thick, will? the rfquisi e iron wo 'k ''""■"^^'

WILLIAM SHERIDAlvr

isposed to favor inn, w 1 anv dl '","'?'' ^''°,""^ ""«"'
This po>ver and abilirv ^ "= '" '"' '""^- '" 'I'e '"•^'ent

e'i'r'cf eotner of''r' 'f 'V^i,' '''°'^ °' "<''''' Worcester &

.:;^•lra:"f:i^l,^J;v^;■'lZ5r"' ^'-='^' ■^"r-^irir'^

TO LET. v>i

Uiyaled'tnd"™',;™'?''''"" -f ""' ""^« ''™<''-<^d acres of
emyandd ri'vc " "^7"''"' """ '■""•<^"' '""' l>"'««en
This firm ?/,"'"' ^"''i °'^" '■'""'•'' ^'"1 '""■ninff tools.
■ y held of a tie'r" "'"'' "' " """' '■"'■"'• ""'' has supported
, ' """""'J' of this farm to Lowell, one of the best mar
mlr •'"^^^"■'""""■'■.f' ,'.■ '-ke^ it a de'sirable one for a gT„d
■en the fi?l ">^ "i ''" '" '"' "" '"'" °^ y''"''- possersion
•dTv to ,he ""r' ""',' f^"""^ references will be required

narch 4, 183,5. 4,. '^- f- VAR^UM.

TO THE public!

DrLsaac Thompson's celebrated EYE WATFl! Ti,;.
valuable medicine has been kno^•.„ , ,1 V,^ ','-''•,— ' nis

directions wrapped arm;de''[ 'f- f V -^ according to the
for the public ElW "lu bl' „ /h •'■ .,'"" "r " ""''"""'"'"'
terfeile I and ihev , , ? '' '"fd'cme has often been coun-

p^^u^rr-^i-i-^e/^rz-i-s

The above mentioned Eye AVater mJy be had of most of
he respectable Druggists throughout the United Stales an 1 of
Ihe subscriber (proprietor) in New London, Connecticut
JWLi;n!!gMlL"ee.l834. '^^^^0 THOMPSON^^

TO LET.
A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land, situated one
r^reaTo-i r"-' "^ ^"^ Haven-,-ery desirabie as a Da™!
a great part being pasture, and produces good kay. There 'is

collage, .nd every requisite building, alPnewly e ected an
may he had for such term of years as'may be agreed ufion"

mnv'r T!"'' "*" ■^"'•r- '''<'=""' ""'^ Implements of Agriculture
may be taken with the Fa;m at a fair valuation. Feb 25 '

Apples, russets, .
Beans, white, .
Beef, mess, inew-)
Cargo, No. 1.
prime.
Beesivax, (Americ- n)
Butter inspected, No l'
Cheese, new milk, .'.''.■

skimmed milk,
!■ F.ATHEns, northern, gcxse,
southern, geese!
IT-AX, American,

Ff.AXSEET).

Fi.ouR, Genesee, . ' . '^^^^^'
Baltimore, HowaPd street,
naltiinore, wharf
Alexandria.
Grain, Corn, noilhern yellow .
southern yellow '
while.
Rye, northern,
Barley,

Oats, nor hern.
Hay, best English, .
eastern screwed,
liard pressed, .'
Honey, . . ' '

Hops, Isl quality

2d quality . . ' ■

JjAru, Boston, "isl sort,

southern, 1st sort,' .
Leather, s'aughter, sole,
t'o. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper. .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole
Lime, best sort, . . ' '
Pork, Mass. inspect. ext,-a clear
Navy, mess, . . . _ '
hone, middlings.
Seeps, Herd's Grass, (new) ' . ' .
Red Top, northern, .
Red Clover, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle,
Tai.i.ow. tried, . . .
Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces.'
American, full blood, washed
do. 3-4lhs do '

do. 1-2 ,,„;

do. I -4 and common
Native washed
g .f Pulled superfine, ' .
o~' I Isl Lambs, .
" ' ■ 2d do.

3d do, . ' . ■
o , V 'si Spinning. .

Southern pulled wool is generally 5 els-
less per lb. ^

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

3lX>

g'allon
pound

u

cwt
pound

PROVISION MARKET
retail prices.

TO LET,

On a lease of five or more years, as may be a»-rped unon a
Farm, containing one hundred acres of Land.'sni'ab e f ; a
Dairy, with dwelling house, barn, and all other buildin 's requi
J,;?; f ""'"^i "'"''"<'' ""'' "•'''I "'alcred. The situaii™ is ?w ,
miles from the civ of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden

p:sVore:.}rHa:en.^''""'^ 'p"^' p^"^"° ■^v'i"'

HamSj northern,
southern,
Pork, whole hogs

Pot;LTRV, .

Butter, (lub) .

lump
Eggs,
Potatoes,
Cider,

pound

10

H

'

6

ti

10

it

16

u ■

18

dozen

20

bushel

.37

barrel

2 75

12
S

7

14
17

20

22

.W

300

TREES FOR SALE,

■I Chi^r^J'^^'""!:''"''' ^"''"y, Framingha4:.AApple
ch tree7 ' ' '" "•"" ''^ach trees, RSck Sfaple and

«ry prices"' ""'" ^''"^''.al' "f ""^ fl«t qnalily, a. eus-

March i.

GARDEJVER.

A siiualion is wanted as gardener, by a single man whoe»n

artiroT;"''^'' ^'^ '^ ^'''"■"' ""'"-^- a..^iiobrie.:;;."'rpX

march 4-.

G.ARDEMK«.

ha^bifa "„ ?rr'""r-''-u ^"'"■■"' ''y ''"*' 3- voars of age,
having a small family-three years in Ihfs counlrv— he has
acquired a competent knowledge of E?fi'g!„h, an I wi^he a sil-

r^.;;e^s^--;t'^iieJ^::sxi:-=^

S. CHABTDLER, LEXINGTON,

Has constantly on hand, for sale. Agricultural Imnlemenis

So herSl'L';"c ' 'i"-'-^'':;"' ""'s Grass, NlTtKerrand
aouinern CKner, Garden and Flower Seeds. feb. 25.

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoN„AV, March 9, 183.5.

[lleporled for Ihe Daily Advertiser & Patriot.)

At market, 036 Beef Cattle, im Sheep and 1380

clZ-nnfoir' '""''-' ^'-P' -'' °- '-"'^"^ S

Prices -.Rcc/ Cattle-Last week's prices were not

ST ufin Ji^ri: f'" " ''' ' ''' ■' ^°°^"' ^^

Sheep-" Dull"- We noticed lots taken at the follow
ZUJT'wV '«^.=^-ls,L'5sCd, 30s, 36s, 39 and 40T
some of which were very fine. , ^ ana 4,s,

5'ieme-NearIy all at market were of an excellent
5i at'- lo,°l' "' -'-t-d barrows, large, were Sa
°| I '^'i ' lot t» retail, not selected, at 4? for sows and
51 for bturows; at retail, C for sows and 7 for barrow.

280

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

^3£S^^2£>I£>^Sf^»

Tl.e following beouliful lines are from the rich rnuse

of fj.jetic gnililuJe and piely.

tVINTER.
1 ,leem thee not unlovfly-thon^h thou com-st
With a stern visage. To the tuneless hnd-
Thc tender flow'ret— the rejoicing stream,
Thy discipline is harsh. But unto man,
Methinlis thou hast a kindlier ministry—
Thy lengthened eve is full of fireside joy-.
And deathless linking of warm heart to heart;
So that the hoarse stream passes by unheard.
Earth, robed in white, a peaceful sabbath holds.
And kcepelh silence at her n.aker's feet.
She ceascth from the harrowing of the plough,
And from the harvest shouting.

Man should rest
Thus from his fevered passlons-and exhale
The unhrcathed carbon of his festering thought.
And drink in holy health. As the tossed bark
Doth seek the shelter of some quiet bay.
To trim its shattered cordage, and repair
Us riven sails— so should the toil-worn mind
Refit for lime's rough voyage. Man, perchance,
Soured by the world's sharp commerce, or impaired
By the wild wanderings of his summer way,
Turns like a truant scholar towards his home,
And his nature to sweet influences
That purify and save.

The ruddy boy
Comes with his shouting school-mates from their sport,
On the smooth frozen lake, as the first star
Hangs pure and cold its silvery cresset forth ;
And, throwing oft' his skates, with boisterous glee,
Hastes to his mother's side. Her tender hand
Doth shake the snow-flakes from his glossy curls.
And draws him nearer, and, with gentle voice,
Asks of his lessons— while her lifted heart
Solicits silently the Sire of Heaven
To bless the lad.

The timid infant learns
Belter to love its father- longer sits
Upon his knee, and with a velvet lip
PrinU on his brow such language, as the tongue
Hath never spoken.

Come thou to life's feast.
With dove-eyed meekness and bland charily—
And thou shall find e'en winter's rugged blart
The minstrel teacher of the well-tuned soul ;
And when the last drop of its cup is drained,
Ari.sing willi a song of praise, go up
To ihe eternal banquet.

,f I (lifl, I should have to un.lcrgo a most dismal
e.M.ostulutio.v from lier. There was such a
niounifulncss in her style; it was not a good
dowiright sturdy sort of grmiible, it was all soi-
rowliilness, aud almost, nay, sometimes q.i.te cn'-
in-. She used to say that she felt herself a bur-
d.'n to every one; a.id when any one ''»'"«;"«';';
her, she useil to express herself so deeply obliged
by every kind attention, though at the same time
any omission of such civility would provoke a
serious fit of lamentation. She converted, or
rather perverted everything into the means ot
„,ournfuhiess. She had the knack of maknig
things joyful the means of sadness. Her thank-
fulness w^s lamentable ; she had a ktnd ot piety,
peculiar, 1 think to herself, for every pan. i.l or
unpleasant circumstance in life she regarded as a
punishment for her sins, and everything that was
Pleasant, prosperous, or agreeable, set her upon
' rieving at the thought that it was more than she
deserved. In dry weather, she thought that the
earth would be parched up, and that all vegeta-
tion would perish; and in wet weather, it she
could not see a rambow, she thought that another
deluge was coming to sweep away the inhabitants
of the earth. She saw in the world nothing but
sin and sorrow. She used to say that ministers
ot the gospel should never laugh, and that they
wore black to intimate that they were in mourning
for the sins of the yyoM.—Auto-hiography oj a
Dissenting Minister.

Manual,

MARCH 11, 1S35.

\VI1.LIAM PRISCB & SONl«,
PKorRiETons of ihe Linna-nn noianic Garden an>l Nursc-
nes arounce .he .'..llowhis Cnudogucs. ,v,.h greaily reduced
p'i.es-Calologues which are d.s.r.buled gral.s o.i appl.cal.on,

Z! r' Frui. and Hardy OrnamenUd Trees, Shrubs a.;d

2, l!ulb'our:',;d Tubero,,s rooted PlaaB, Double Dal,lia.s,

X Gree7l''o..seTrecs, Shrubs a.nl i;i='"'«-j?r' **' „„„
4. A.neri.-ani„ai,euousTrees.&hruhs a.,d ^: ■ -PPJ;
5 Ca.alogue of Garden, Agriculiu.al aud Fl .«er heeds.
G. do do do do do

in French .

BooKS-Prince's Treatise on HorlicuUure 75 els.
do do TheVu.e-Jj!l£p

do do FruiLs. or I'omolosic'^l -.- ■

con.aini..? accurate dosrriplinns i.i <lcl;''l "f a*"""
aOO varie'iicb of Fruits i" ~ vohunes— gi UU.
The books and c analogues can be liausmilled by mail at a
■"'cne::!'Mu;;^::";:rMorus M„l.lcaulis ,rees a, 5^5 per
l,uadred.org4.50per doze,, and ''"''"'S'^ S'^ ['"^^"'Sr"
Grape Vines 01 various kinds a. S3 I " ''.".^''l'- =',"' L*^"!"
hundred a„d upwar.i.s-Kaspherr.rs of fine k,m s . fro.n 5 to

ftSner hundred-Large Kcd "'""-'^P^V .^ linS-
La gc Red Barael, Taylor's Paragon, and P'"''"^^, °'P°f'
r,es al SIG per hun.lred o, .*2 .00 per do7.e„-l.nrce nu.ch Cur-
,a.,ls al 12 'lis per hundred or 2 25 per dc^c.-I.aree Lan-
ca hire Gooseberries, ro,npris.„s all .he rho.c s. vane Ves and
dors. 20 dis per hun.h-e.l or 3 dls per doze _nn„l, ■ la has
each dis.inc. bv name, selec.e.l by vs a. 3. + 50 and fi dis pe.
",zen-FineM'Lucer„c Seed 25 r.s per Ib.-no.rh Clover
Seed 25 c.s-Pe.ennial Rye Grass2 60c.s porbushe -l.al,a«
RvcGrassS dls— Orchar'd Gra-ss 2 50 c.s. aud other Urass
Seeds and Garden Seeds of every kind ailho lovies. ra.cs, ana
ouali.v expressly guaranteed. Orders sent diiecl by mail,
will be execuled with pointed allenlion, and shipped °' ™-
warded precisely as directed. 3t '"°- '"

PEMAI.K GRUMBLER.

There were more circulating libraries in the
town than one, but the principal was that which
had a news-room connected with it, and was
kept by one of the congregation to which I had
the honor of preaching. The keeper of the h-
brary was a widow, whose chief characteristic
was the severity with which sl,.^ rega.-ded the lail-
i„,-s and faults of mankind, mingled with a very
\\yt:\y feelin- of the evils or inconveniences to
which she practised grumbling, because she vvas
naturally and constitutionally eloquent, or whether
^he became eloquent from the practice ot grum-
bling, I could not tell. For my part, I nevx-r
Jared to pass a day without calling to see her ; tor

COLERIDGE'S EPITAPH.

The Epitaph which Coleridge wrote on himself, has
been reprinted in several publications. It was not
found siitahle for inscription, under the e.rcumstanees
n which he died. The following memorial po^-^s ^s
exquisite beauty, and we are .nformed, .s a jus descrip-
tion of the private character of this g,eal man Us
inscribed on a tablet erected in Highgate New Church.
—Boston Observer.

Sacred to the* memory of

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE,

P.oel, Philosopher, Theologian.

This truly great and good man resided for

The last nineteen years of his life

In this Hamlet.

He quitted the " body of this death, '

July 25th, 1834,

In the sixtysecond year of his age.

Of his profound learning and discursive genius.

His literary works are an imperishable record.

To his private worth.

His social and Christian virtues,

James and Ann GiUman,
The friends with whom he resided
During the above period, dedicate this tablet.
Under the pressure of a lingering
And most painful disease,
His disposition was unalterably sweet aud angelic,
ie was an cver-dnring, ever-loving friend,
The gentlest and kindest teacher,
The most engaging homc-coinpanion.
" O framed for calmer times and nobler hearts,
O studious poet, eloquent for truth !
Philosopher, contemning wealth and death,
Yet docile, childhke, full of life and love ;
Here on this monumental stone,
Thy friends inscribe thy worth.
Reader ! for the world mourn,
A light has passed away from earth ;
But for this pious and exalted Christian,
Rejoice, and again I say to you, rejoice.
Ubi Thesaurus ihi Cor. S. T. C.

HOLMS' CEL,EBR.%.TED HORSE LUVIMENT,

for Sprains, Bruises, lliiid-Galls, Old Strains StifT
ioints, S>relled or Craeked Htels, and for Horses thai art
strained in the hack simws, wmng in the mthers, \c. ; a/*ff
for Glandular swellings of the throat-

The Ingrerlienls which compose llus prepar; lion have been

carefully selected after many years' experience, and are some

of .he most successhd remedies uniled, correclly |.ropor.,oned

and happily adap.ed lo afford relicl in all ihe above niennoned

cempU^n.s; ihe proprielnr feels assured Ihal when once lh>s

ariicle is used, it will be preferred lo any oiher, as it is decd-

cdlv he best and certainlv the most conveiiienl arlicle m -.se.

IS B Persons afflicted wilh Uheumalism, Sprams.Cranip,

Numbness, Stiffness, or NVeakness in the Joints, will hnd lb«i

Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy. • , „j

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and

Chemist No. 30, Union Slreel, lioslon, Blass. , , ,, i ■-

XF The Public are requested lo observe that each label i»

"*^Pri^e of large Ponies one dollar, small do. 75 cents. og)

EXTRA EARLY PEAS.

The Earliest Dwarf Pea grows about 20 inches high, is a
aood hearer and decidedly Ihe earlics. know,,. 1 ''e seed of-
fered by the subscriber was rarsed expressly for the New Li,g
land Seed Store, near Canada line.

JIarkel Gardeners aud others will he supplied wilh large or
small quantities if apphe.Wfor early "^'jl,'Jj''-^''7;\,.r,ETT.

Jan. '• ^

THE KE^V ENGLAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, al .S3 per anriuin
paVable-Ti. .he end 'of the year -but .hose « ho pay wilhy
liVlv days from the lime of subscribing, are enii.led lo a de

'"ii^'V;!' paper w!n be sent lo a dis.ance without payme.

beinf made in advance.

A A O E N T S .

X,i^Vi_G r. Thouburn.G? Liberty-street.

Albami—Wa . Thorbukn, 3t7 Markel-slrecl.

PIdladitvhia—'D. .S- C. Landbkth, S5 Chesnul-sirccl.

y ;r-l. 1. Hitchcock, Publisher of American t.arme

yZLati-ii. C. P.nKHUKST, f Lower Markc-slreel.

l-Md,,.-: A' J-.-Wm. I'R.Kc: \ Sons Prop. Lui. Boi.ar

Middlrlmni, 17.— Wight Chapman, iMcrchan..

//n,/A)/f/— Gool.wlN >S-C<'. Pooksfllei-s.

Aw'«™pe^<-KnKNl.ZKK STP^rlviAN, Bookseller

Portsmouth. iV. //.-John W. Foster, Bookseller.

.hinisla, ,1/f — W.i.i.Aiin Snei.l, Druggist.

Woodstock. V(.— J. A. Pratt.

7?„„-or, jl/. — Wm. Mann, Diug;g.^t. it^nrder

HaUfa.r, N. K.-P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.

S(. iouis— Geo. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.

OBDinS for raiKTlNO BEOEITED BI the PDBLISIIl

NEW ENGL.AND FARMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 18, 1836.

NO. 36.

(Translated froiti the French for Uie New England Farmer. I

[ConcUuled from page 273.]
OF CHEESES OF WHICH THE PASTE IS FIRM.

This cl.ns.s of elieeses is that most generally
brought to niarkot, because tlieir duiation and con-
sistency render them more capable of transporta-
tion ; it is also that, which, properly speaking, is
the least interesting for the object which occupies
us, its manufacture not being able to be carried
on, but under particular circumstances, which are
not always under the control of every one. How-
ever, we should leave too great a gap in this work
were we not to give at least an abstract of the
means adopted for fabricating the principal kinds.

The rennet employed for these different sorts
of cheeses, does not differ from that which we
have previously mentioned, and tlie manner of
application is the same.

As a general rule, moisture being a principal
agent of fermentation which soon produces pu-
tridity, it is clear, that the drier the paste of the
cheeses is, the longer they will keep ; it is also
this object which is sought to be obtained, when
the curd already divested of a portion of whey,
by the division made in it by cutting it, when cur-
dled, with a sort of large wooden knife, and by
pressing it hard between the hands, is subjected
to the efforts of the press. But when it is to be
made, to be kept longer, it must be subjected to a
greater degree of heat, which in hastening the
cooking, renders the paste more homogeneous.
To do this, the superfluous whey is taken from
it, and only enough left in the kettle to soak and
cook the curd, which is constantly stirred, during
this operation, until the lumps have acquired a
yellowish tinge and a certain elasticity under the
fingers.

From what we have just said, it results that the
cheeses of a firm paste may be divided into two
distinct classes ; those which are made by the
press, and those which are cooked.

OF CHEESES PUT UNDER THE PRESS.

The preliminary operations differ but little from
those, we have described for the first class of
cheeses. Sometimes the milk is subjected to a
greater or less degree of heat, before putting in the
rennet : this heat tends to ferment, and to render
more prompt and com|)lete the action of the ren-
net, and appears especially necessary in the latter
part of autumn. Sometimes the curd is left to
ferment during several hours, which gives it eyes
and gaps produced by bubbles of air. But we
will come to the description of these measures ;
we shall not mention in this class, any but those
adopted for making the cheeses of Auvergne, call-
ed Foiirmes, or cheeses of Cautal, that of Holland,
the Sept-Mencel and the Roquefort.

CAUTAL CHEESES.

These cheeses, of a sofl consistency, gray color,
and unsavory flavor, weigh from 50 to 60 pounds ;

they are in the form of a truncated com; one
foot in height and diameter. If we mention
them it is not for their good quality, nor to give
as a model, the moans employed in making them :
it is rather to show their defects.

As soon as the milk is curdled, it is divided
with a kind of wooden sword which is called a
" mesadoro," and afterwards mixed together with
a small round board pierced with holes and set in
the handle ; this is called a " menok ;" the ciu-d is
then taken out and |)ut in the "fescelU," a kind of
wooden vase pinfeed with several holes, and there
it is squeezed as much as possible, afterwards put
upon straw in an inclined vessel to let the whey
run oft'.

As soon as they make new cheeses they place
them upon the old.

The cheeses are left thus to ferment, during 48
hours. The eflect of this fermentation is to aug-
ment their body, and to form eyes, the curd is then
ready — and is called " tomme."

Each "tomme" is broken and kneaded in the
" fescelle," salting it in layers and squeezing it as
much as possible. The " feuille" is filled and
the lower edge of the " fescelle fastened to it,
which is likewise filled. The feuille is a beech-
wood blade, with which a circle is formed, by
drawing together the two ends, which enter the
one into the other ; this blade is generally 4i
inches wide. Above this is placed the guirlande
to support it, and also filled to the brim. The
guirlande is a part of a hollow cone about 3 in-
ches large ; the diameter of the upper opening i
7 inches and that of the lower one 8 inches
these proportions, however, vary. The whole is
covered with a large towel, and put into the
press. This press is formed of a plank fasten
ed at one end, against an upright of wood, by
means of iron rings ; the fescelle is placed un-
derneath, the plank is lowered and loaded with
large stones. In this state the cheese sinks,
and the feuille and the guirlande enter into the
fescelle ; it is thus left for 24 hours, then turn-
ed out, and put in again for 12 hours.

The cheese is then taken to the cellar, when
care is taken to moisten it with a cloth .soaked
in whey, which runs out of the press, and it is
turned every day. When it dries, which shows it
has not sufficient salt, more is added.

This cheese forms a crust, which is taken off
at the end of 6 weeks or two months, by scrap-
ing it with a knife ; afterward it is rubbed,
every three days, with a dry cloth ; three months
afterwards, it is in a fit state to be sold.

These cheeses are almost wholly consumed
in the country and they will not keej) longer
than si.\ months. If more care was taken in
finishing them, they would become, for the prov-
ince, a fruitful source of riches. It would first
be necessary to give them less body, a more regu-
lar form, and a more complete pressure by
using a proper press. It would be also essen-
tial not to allow it to ferment so long a time,
— to salt it by other means and employ purer

sah, than that generally used ; finally, still more
should we recommend greatonjideanline.ss in the
cases of the n;ilk and of the utensils, and espec-
ially in all the operations of manufacture. There
is no doubt, that they might acquire the qualities
which distinguish the Dutch cheese; we say thi.-<
is not impossible, since the Sept-Montcel, made in
Jurn, very nearly resembles it.

DUTCH CHEESE.

This cheese, of which considerable is imported
into France, not so much for interior consumption .
as for maritime stocks, keei>s a long time, some-
times more than a year. Nevertheless, the manu
facture of it is not difficult, and differs only by
more care and in the .seasoning, from that of Cautal.

After the milk is curdled, it is put to sweat in
the forms ; when it has acquired a certain consi.s-
tencj-, it is taken out, and kneaded a long time, in
strong salted water ; it is then put under the
press, and this operation is renewed two or three
times in 8 days.

Let us here remark that this manner of salting
the curd, presents great advantages. It introduces
the salt equally throughout, without the inconve-
nience which the use of the salt alone presents,
which is often to spot the curd, by the earthy par-
ticles it contains. But what is still better in this
method, is beside a more perfect seasoning, a way
is found out, of taking away, by the washing, the
most adhesive whey, from the curd, and which
otherwise coidd not be separated from it, and we
have already said, that the less watery the cheese
is, the longer it will keep.

SEPT-MONTCEL.

It is at Sept-Montcel, department of Jura, that
the cheese is made, which resembles the Dutch ; it
is made very nearly in the same manner. It is
very much esteemed at Lyons, where most of it
is consumed.

ROQUEFORT CHEESE.

This cheese, which bears the name of the
place, where it is made, is highly esteemed.
The season for making it, is from the month of
July until the end of September, although the
milk ceases to be abundant at the end of July,
that is to say, that until then two milkings furnish
daily, three quarters of a pound, and after tills
time the quantity diminishes.

As soon as the ))ti7A:i?io- is finished, the milk is
turned into a kettle, passing it through a sieve;
then the rennet is put in, which is generally made
from a kid of a few days old, by putting a piece
into fresh water, or whey, and renewing it every
1.5 days.

When the curd is formed, the mass is broken
with the hand ; afterwards it is crowded down at
the bottom of the kettle, and the whey skimmed
oft"; the curd is then put into the mould. This
mould, made of oak, is pierced with holes, and is
from 8 to 10 inches in diameter, and 6 to 8 in-
ches high.

The curd is kneaded in putting it into the mould,
which is filled above the edge, crowding down the

282

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

MARCH 18, 1335.

MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY FOR PROaiOTIXG
AGRICULTURE.

WILLIAM CAP.TEr's PREMIUMS rOR POTATOES
AND BARLEY.

FircHDi'K.i, Mass. Nov. an, 1831.

To liciij^niin CiiiNl, rpij. A^st. Her'tl. Fee. of the Mass. Sue. for
rroiiioliiig Atiricilllilre.

The undcrsignnil proposes tho following dc-
.-jcribed crops of Potatoes and Barley, raised the
])ast season, eacli m)0u one acre of land npon his
farm in FilcldiMrjr,%or the Society's Premiums —
and gives the following .statements in relation to
the same. Tlie acre of land npon which the
siihscriber raised the present year, five hnndred
and thirteen bnshcls of Potatoes, was green sward,
having been mowed six years ; it was broke up in
September, 1833, harrowed and cross-ploughed
early in the sjn-ing of 1834, then cross-ploughed
again, and furrowed two and an half feet apart,
and forty cart loads of good barn manure pnt in
the drills. The planting was in the last week in
May, the quantity of seed 55 bushels, two thirds
of which were the coramon long red potato and
the other third, the common blue potato. The
ground was hoed twice ; the first time soon after
the sprouts a])peared, and again, when the tops
were about one foot in height. The crop was
harvested in the last [lart of October. No par-
ticular account of the expense of cultivation has
been kept, but no untisual expense, as may he seen
from the above statement, was incnrred.

The acre of land on which the subscriber has
raised the present season tiftyfive bushels of the
common two rowed barley, is the same on which
was raised the last year 677 bushels of potatoes,
for which he was awarded the Society's Premium.
Forty Loads of good barn manure were last year,
previous to the planting, spread upon the land.
Nothing was done with the land, after the crop of
last year was taken off, until the last spring, when
the ground was ploughed early, some time after-
ward cross-ploughed, and four and an half bushels
of seed sown on the furrow and harrowed in.
The crop was harvested in the latter part of July,
and threshed and measured the last of October.
No expense above what is above stated was in-
ourred upon the cultivation of this crop.

William Carter.

I hereby certify that I assisted Mr William
Carter in harvesting the above crops of potatoes
and barley raised each upon one acre of laud, as
measured by Phihp F. Cowdin, a sworn surveyor,
as also in the measmemeiit of the same crops, and
that there were live lumdred and thirteen bnshcls
of potatoes and liftyfive bushels of barley.

'Michburg, JSim. 29, 1834. John Sticknet.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts, ff'orcester, ss.
.November 29, 1834. Then the above named Wil-
liam Carter and John Stickney severally made
oath that the foregoing statements by them sub-
.scribcd, are true.

Before me, KEr.NrzER Torrey,

Justice of the Peace.

Thia is to certily that I Philip ]•'. Cowdin, being
a sworn surveyor of the town of Fitchbiug, have
this day measured a certain piece of land for
William Carter of said I'itelihurg, on which pota-
toes grew this present season, and find it to con-
tain one acre and no more.

Philip F. Cowdin.

Fitchburg, October 20, 1834.

This is to certify that I Philip F. Cowdin being
a sworn surveyor of the town of Fitchburg, have
this day measured a certain piece of land for
William Carter, of said Fitchburg, on which bar-
ley grew this present season and find it to con-
tain one acre and no more.

Philip F. Cowdi.n.

Fitrhbrirg, October W, 1834.

MR J. GARDXEr's premium CROP OF RYE.

To the Committee of .\nririillnra1 proiluets, Massachusetts Agricul-
tural [Society.

The sidiscriber oflTcrs for tlie premium of the
Society, for the greatest crop of rye raised on an
acre, the following production of one acre and
fifteen rods of land on bis farm in Swanzey,
county of Bristol. The lot of land on which the
crop of rye was raised, the present yetjr, was, the
last year ]danted with |)Otatoes, and but a small
quantify of manure, say six or e^^ht cart loads of
common coinpost manure, was put into the hills,
which together with about 25 or 30 barrels of
Menhaden fish, which were spread or put upon
the lot, during the time of hoeing was all the
manure used for the two crops of potatoes and
rye ; about 225 bushels of potatoes, dug and
marketed in August, was the product of that crop.
Soon after the field was cleared of the potatoes,
the cround was ploughed, and seed sown, and
htuTowed in, and completed about the first of Sep-
tember. The crop of rye the present year was
extraordinary heavy, .so that the re.-iping which
was done early in July, required the labor, equal
to th.at of one man for five days. The very great
quantity of straw, (rather too much seed having
been sown, say one and a half bushels) and Ufion
that, but a few days before the reaping, a very
heavy rain fell, made the labor of reaping quite a
task ; after reaping, the straw being green, some
days elapsed before the binding and stacking was
done, so that a waste of some, perhaps bushels of
rye was the consequence. The threshing done
as soon as convenient, say last of August, and the
grain was thoroughly cleaned, foityseven bushels
of heavy rye, averaging 60 pounds to the
bushel was measured up.

By twlopling the legal standard, of 54 pounds
for a bushel, the number of bushels is increased
to iTiore than fiftytwo, and following out that
standard of 54 pmnds for a bushel, within a
fraction of 48 bushels will be the product jier
acre or taking the crop as it measured, weighing
sixty pounds, the product amounts to 43 bushels
to the acre.

The subscriber will here add, for the informa-
tion of the committee, that in this town large
quantities of Menhaden fish are caught annually
and mostly used for manure, the price of these
fish ranges from 12 to 25 cents per barrel, and as a
manure for rye are well worthy of evei-y farmer's
attention who can obtain them at those prices ;
they also are in high reputation for a manure
generally. The subscriber owning a seine, takes
several thousand barrels annually, and sells a
great jiroportion of what he takes, but uses (piite
a quantity on his own farm, and ihe field on
which the rye was raised as well as the rest of his
farm Ims been maile to be in his opinion quite
productive in consequence of their being u.sed.

The subscriber, has given, as he believes, all
the facts required by the committee to enable them
to decide upon the claims for premiums; should
the committee however require further informa-

tion, in order for theiu to decide, the sul seriber
will be ready to communicate, wluitever may be
desirable or requisite for the committee to possess..
The expenses of the crop are estimated as fol-
lows, to v.'it,

One and a half bushels .seed rye 80 cts. ,?1 20
Plougliing and harrowing, &.C. 2 50

Reaping and binding 8 00

Threshing and cleaning 6 00

$17 70
And the value of the rye as follows, to wit:
47 bushels Rye SO cts. $37 60

3 tons Rye Straw $4 12 00^

$49 60
Job Gardner.

Swanzey, M'ovember, 1834.

I hereby certify, that I assisted in the cultiva-
tion, of the foregoing crop of rye, and that the
foregoing statement relating thereto, is, according
to my best belief, just and true.

John B. Gardner.

I hereby certify, that I have surveyed the lot of
land referred to iu the foregoing statement, and
that it contains one acre and fifteen rods and no
more. David Gray, Surveyor.

Swanzey, JVov. 3, 1804.

Commonwealth of Massaclw-setts, Bristol, ss.
JVovember 21, 1834. Then Job Gardner, John B.
Gardner, and David Gray, subscribers to the fore-
going statements or certificates, a])peared and
made oath to the truth of the same by them sev-
erally signed. John Mason,

Justice of the Peace.

[For tiie New England Farmer J
EARLY CORN,

^ewhuryport Rock F^rin.

I\Ir Fessenden — About the first of October
1833, I read in some newspaper not now recol-
lected, a communication from the Hon. O. Fiske,
M. D. of Worcester, on the article of early com
which he had for three or four years suceessfullv
raised. The importance of having seed corn
which would ripen sufficiently early to escape our
frosts, also to make use of the saine ground for
other culture, and thereby save time in the spring
when nature seems to ])rcss on the duties of the
f.iririer, induced ine immediately to address the
Doctor and request him to send me in the course
of the ensuing winter or spring half a bushel of
his best selected seed.

Early in May it arrived to hand. On the 14th
.same month, 1 had about half a peck of it, after
being soaked two or three days in a satnrated so-
lution of copjieras, planted on less than half an
acre of inverted sward, broken up for the purpose ;
was manured in the holes, was hoed twice with
very little hilling in either operation. It was in
spindle and car the first of July, fit for boiling
about the 15th to the 20th, same month, and was
harvested the middle of September ; and imme-
diately husked out, measuring fortyfive bushels
in the ear, being more than ninety bushels to the
acre. The stalk is very small and ran seldom
higher than four to five feet. Tlie ear is small and
not long, but the kernel is set very compactly on
the cob ; is good for boiling green, excellent iti
bread, and very useful for the farmer en account
of its early arrival at maturity ; and would Imva

TOTU. xni. NO. 35.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

been niiicli iiioro ))rodiictivo had it been plaritoc.
two ami a half by throe loot distant, instt-ud of
three and a half by four, and some even more
■distant.

I also mail" an cxperiinotit the last year with
another hind, the spindie corn (presented nie by a
friend) which has a very small but exceedingly
long eol), rnnningfrom nine to over fifteen inches
in length, is eight rovyed, of a fine bright vellow
color, very productive and excellent for "broad,
and was harvested ripe before the frosts of last
season :— and the last season it is well known,
was not one of the most favorable seasons for the
growth of that article.

I am very respectfully your obt. serv't.

Hector Coffi>-.

283

adoption of this foreign word by the Swedes and
English is then very easily accounted for.

In conelusron, I ought to remark, that in Thibet
the silk-vvorni is called dar-kou and silk, s!v[^ or
srotchnghi, words which offer no resemldanoe to
the Greek ar/n and <tv?(xo»', consequently it cannot
be from Thibet that the Greeks derivedtheir term
for silk.

IForlhe New Englaml Farmer.]

SILK.

ORIGIN AND DIFFERENT NAMES OF THE WORD.

T. G. Ff5se.M)en, Efq.

Sir, — As you have lately published several
articles on the culture of the mulberry and the
rearing of silk-worms, I send you the celebrated
Orientalist Klaproth's conjecture on the origin of
the word silk among the ancients.

Yours respectfully,

.Yewporl, R. /., March 9, 1835. R. J. I.

Klaproth's opinion on the origin of the name of
silk among tht ancienU.— Translated from the
Fnneh.

Without discussing the hypothesis of those
who inmgine that Syria, or the country ofsilk lie^
in the valleys between the Glaciers and the snowy
regions of Thibet, I think 1 have discovered the
origin of the name of this celebrated country.
According to the Greek authors, the word 2);o was
used for both the silk-worm, and the inhabitants
of Syria ; now fioni this, it is probable that the
name of this people is derived from the valuable
trade that the w^estern nations carried on with
foreign countries. In the Arnjinian language, the
insect which i)roduces silk is called Cheram, a
name very like the oijg of the Greeks. It is nat-
ural therefore to sut)pnse, that these two words
have been borrowed from nations that inhabited
countries more to the eastward, which may be
easily proved by the Mongul and Mantchone" lan-
guages. It is evident that the word silk among
;he ancients originated in the eastern part of Asiat
rhe word silk is called among the Moneuls serkek,
ind among tlie Mantchone sirche. These two
latioiis inhaWt those countries which lie on the
lorth and northeast of China. Can it for one
nomont be supposed that they have received this
erm from those countries which are situated to
he west of them .= While on the contrary, the
Chinese word Szee or Szu, which signifies silk,
hows a striking resemblance with Sirghe and
iirkeh and the a>;g of the Greeks. This analogy
s the more striking because in the Mandarine
inguage of China, the )• is not pronounced, al-
bough it is retained in the ancient dialects spoken
n the frontiers of the Chinese empire. In the
orthern languages of Europe the wcrd silk or
Sic has a striking similitude to the Slavonic
rord Chelk, which is not very different from the
[antchone and Mongul words above mentioned.
a the middle ages the merchandise of the East-
m part of Asia was carried into Sclavonia, and
'aa thence transjiorted into the north. The

fFrom tlie New Vnrk Farmer]
PRODUCE OF A SMALL FAKM.

Mr Editor — I procured from an esteemed
neighbor, Mr Horatio Hoyt, the subjoined account
of the produce of three and a half acres of land
in Deerfiold, Mass., in 1833, a result highly credi-
table to the cultivator anil the soil ; and which I
presume will be interesting to some of your
readers. We do not say it is more than others
have done or can do ; very far from this ; but we
hope it may induce others to say what they have
done or can do, for such communications cannot
fail to be interesting and u.seful to the agricultural
community. The ])roduce is estimated at the
marked prices at the time.

Yours, respectfully, H. C.

Hay, 3i tons, at .|12 per ton, - $42 00

VVheat, 11 bushels, at $1 50 per bushel, 16 50
Stubble and clover, 1 ton, - . 4 OO

Corn fodder, stalks, blades and husks, 3

tons, . ... - 10 00

Corn, 120 bushels, at 80 cts. - - 96 00

Potatoes, 117 bushels, at 20 cts. . 23 40

Apples, 60 bushels, at 12j cts. - - 7 50

Pumpkins, 1 cart load, - . - 00 00

$199 40

ITEMS.

Durable Whitewash. — I am enabled to cer-
tify the efficacy of marine sah in fi.xing whitewash
niade of lime. In the year 1795, when I was
director of the naval artillery at the port of
Toidon, I was commissioned to ascertain the
utility of a method proposed by the master painter
of that port, M. Maquilan, for a whitewashing the
ships between deck, and likewise their holds,''in a
durable manner, by means of lime. Our report
was in favor of this prooess, which consists in
saturating water in which the lime is slacked
with muriate of soda, (common salt.) The white-
wash produced by it is very permanent, does not
crack, nor come off upon one's hands or clothes.
The experiment was made only on wood. It ap-
pears from M. St Bernarde's account, that it
succeeded equally well on wMa. — ./Innales des
Arts et Manufactures.

On the 10th of October, a dreadful earthquake
occurred at tlie Island of Java. The Govenor's
palace at Bnitenzorg, the government offices, the
custom-houses, and various other buildings were
destroyed.

A Prediction Accomplished. — About five
and twenty years ago, when the venerable Col.
Stevens, of Iloboken, first applied to the Legis-
lature of New Jersey for liberty to construct a
Rail Road across that State, he was asked, rather
in derision, how fast he intended to travel on his
hobby. He replied, whh his usual enthusiasm,
that he expected, at some future day, .steam carri-
ages would run on New Jersey Rail Roads as fast
as their pigeons flew. A few days ago one of the
locomotive engines of the Camden and Amboy

Rail Road, while running at great spoed with no
cars attached, came upon a flock of pigeons.
The birds (lew in the line of the Rail Road, but
the lecomnlive overtook ihem and killed lv,o of
their number. Tour, of Com.

Coffee. — The paper published at Franklin,
Louisiana, says: — " We are informed by several
gentlemen of this Parish, that the n"W species of
coffee, spoken of by Mr Dupoiit, of l''lorida, as
being an excellent substitute tor the Cuba cofllee,
grows spontaneously in great abundance through-
out the Attakapas ; and is generally known by
the inhabitants as the " Indian coffee." There
can be no doubt, if properly managed, and culti-
vated in the direct mode, and gathered at the pro-
per season, this article might be made a source of
national wealth as well as a luxury.

Curious Coincidences. — Aaron and Robert
Fay, two brothers, who live in the town of S. in
the county of Worcester, and who died near the
close of the last century, had each born to him
twenlij children ; each b)-other had tivo wives,
each wife of each husband had ten children, and
each of the four wives had seven sons and three
daughters. One foct more : one of each family
only survive, and that one, in both cases the
youngest born.

RiiDBAKE This is one of the many plants

which a fitrmer may have in his garden, and
which may be made to contribute to the delicacies
of his table, and to the health and comfort of his
family, with very little expense or labor. The
plant is |)creniiial, and resembles much in its
habits the burdock, though the leaves and their
stalks may be somewli.at larger, in a good soil.
A dozen jilants will serve to supply a family.
The leaf stocks are the parts used. The skin or
cuticle is pealed off — they are then cut into
quarter or half inch pieces, and used without
further preparation, with sugar and spices, like
unripe gooseberries, for pies and tarts, which fruit
it very miuJi resembles in flavor. It may be used
in the spring, and till midsummer. Medical men
ascribe to it a salutary influence upon heallh, par-
ticularly to children, when used in this way.
The seed ripens about midsummer, at which tinie
it may be sown. — Conduct's of Cult.

To make as good butter in winter as in autumn
and that it may be formed with as little churning,
it is only necessary, according to recent experi-
ments, to keep the milk and cream at the
proper temperature. With cream at the tem-
perature of 75 degrees, the butter will be ready
to take out with tiom 10 to 20 minutes churn-
ing.

A French writer says that to procure butter
of an exquisite flavor and extreme delicacy,
after washing it with water till the water runs
quite clear; you must finally wa.sh it with new
milk. The cream of the new milk is incorpo-
rated whh the butter and communicates to it its
sweetness and delicacy. Like butter that has
some of the butter-milk remaining in it, how-
ever this will not keep well.

When your cream is taken from sour milk,
or has stood so long as to become sour, add to
it when it is to be churned a little milk just
from the cow. The butter will be improved;
but not so good after all as that made from
fresh cream taken from fresh milk.

284

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH IS, 183S.

^^S3Bi£^'WSg.l£'^SiSi

TO BBII-D STONE FENCES.-SOWING ASHES
WITH GYPSVM.

ISIr Editor — I uoticRd in your .Tamiary No. of
the Fai-mer's Register, iiifoniiatioii asked for by
"A Uiierist," respecting the hr.st mode of iiinkiiig
stone fencing. Having liad some .xpcrience in
this operation, I will endeavor to describe my
mode. The material which I use is round river
stone — of all, the most dillicult to make stand.
The stone wall or fence, when built on a level
surface, is 4i feet high, 4 feet wide at the base,
and the sides drawn in regularly as they rise.
The projier form is preserved easily and correctly,
by making use of the frame which will now
be described. Two planks, each 7 feet 10 inches
in length, 9 or 10 inches wide, and li inches
thick, are coupled together like the ratters of a
house, or so as to be something like the letter A,
but presenting other proportions. The two planks,
represented by the sides of the A, are united at
the top by the sides of the ends— and the other
ends, or feet, are spread open so as to be 4 feet
apart, and are secured at that distance by a hori-
zontal cross piece, or collar beam, as it may be
called, which is made of scantling, and is to be at
4i feet, perpendicular distance, above a line drawn
from one to the other spread ends of the planks.
The space below the collar beam, is the size of a
section of the wall, and is used as a measure to
preserve that size. Another jiair of similar planks
are put together in precisely the same manner—
and then These two corresponding parts, or ends,
are united by a piece of scantling 15 feet long,
which runs from ihe middle of one collar beam to
the middle of the other. When thus united,
the two after shaped ends of the frame should
stand upright on their feet, and be parallel to
each other. Two side planks twelve inches
wide, and as long as the whole frame, are
then laid outside of, and lying against, the spread
legs of the frame. These planks are to direct the
placing of the stones for the sides of the wall.
They are kept close to the legs of the frame, by
other pieces of plank which are attached outside
of, and parallel to each of the legs, and separated
from them li inches by small blocks. The long
side planks may be raised or lowered, and yet are
kept in place by these outer pieces — and by holes
and pins, are fastened at any desired height.

The frame is used by being placeil over the line
of the intended fence, the side planks being then
at bottom, and equally distant from the central
line of the foundation of the wall. I iirst haul
my rock in place in a line parallel with the foun-
dation of my fence. The frame is thorn moved
in iilace where the fence is to commence, the two
side planks resting on the ground. Two laborers,
one on each side, place the rock, carefully touch-
ing the side planks from one end to the other,
whilst others are employed throwing in rock in
the intermediate space, without being particular in
jilacing tliem, from which Ihe two hands before
mentioned select such rock as is most suitable for
the case of the wall ; for if this is put up judi-
ciously, it matters not how the inner stones are
placed. When the rock is upon a level with your
side planks, take out the pins which fasten the
side planks, and slip them one hole higher; then
proceed to place the rocks as before, continuing to
move your side planks as the rock is level with
the upper edge, until your wall touches the scant

ling. Then, with a man at each foot of the frame,
lift it up a foot or two, and move it forward. In
this way I have had from thirty to thirtyfive yards
of fencing made in a day by ten or twelve hands.
I would here mention that the hands employed
in filling up, or throwing in rock, do it with hand
barrows, which enables them to do it much more
evpeditiouslv than by hand. I build my fence
upon the surface of the ground, without digging a
ditch, in consequence of having a stony founda-
tion on the margin of the river. I think there
would be no necessity for digging a ditch where
the fence is on level ground, though not stony ;
but I think it would be necessary where the ground
slopes, as the action of the frost would be apt to
undermine the lower side of the wall. I should
iud'^e that four inches would be sufficiently deep
for tlie foundation. It has been several years since
I commenced stone fencing, not a foot of which
has fallen. At the end of the wall or fence, where
I have a gate, I procure, if practicable, square
stone to put in ; as the round stone, if put tip per-
pendicular, is apt to give way.

In answer to the second query, I have to say
that I have been in the habit of mixing ashes with
my plaster, in equal parts, and sowing at^er being
mixed, the same quantity by measure as I usually
sowed of i.laster alone. I have found equal ben-
elit from the ashes and plaster as from the plaster
alone, which is a saving of fifty percent in plaster.
I prefer the ashes damp : this will enable you to
sow with more regularity, and in moderately
windv weather. — Farmers' Register.

The article below, on the culture of the Jem
salem Artichoke, is well worth the attention of
every planter. Perhaps there is no root planted
that yields more abundantly. Its uses, too, are
multifarious. As a table vegetable, simply boiled
as the potato, it lis by many much admired. If
parboiled, and well mashed in a mortar, and then
beaten up with flour, and made into a fritter, it
greatly resembles the oyster — so that with the aid
of the Jerusalem Artichoke, one dozen oysters, in
cookery, will be made to supply the place of one
hundred. In feeding hogs, nothing of the potato
tribe is superior. We speak knowingly, when we
say that the Jerusalem Artichoke is superior to
any food we have ever tried, for milch cows.
This food increases both the quantity and quality
of milk, and if mashed or boiled with a small
((uantity of chopped corn, will so improve cattle
in three months, that they will hardly be known in
appearance or produce. The culture of this val-
uable root is simple. If every planter will put
three or four hills in each corner of his fence, no
other culture will be required. — Louisiana Jour.
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES.
Although this vegetable is generally known in
this country, still it is questionable if a full and
satisfactory experiment was ever made. We
make the following extract :

" I was determined to prove whether or not
they could be cultivated to greater advantage than
the potato, as food for cattle. One sack was con-
sumed by a young calf at hand ; it ate them with
avidity, and improved on them. I took the other
two sacks and planted them in the midst of a five
acre piece of potatoes. I set them whole, with-
out cutting, measuring correctly an eighth jiait of
an acre ; the produce was in proportion to six
hundred and fifty bushels per acre. The follow-

ing year, the memorable one of 182G, I planted
half an acre on a piece of thin gravel, old tillage
land, in its regular course of preparation for a
vegetable crop after wheat : they maintained their
verdure through that extraordinary dry summer,
and produced one hundred and fifty bushels ; but
the potatoes by the side of them were completely
set fast : they never formed a bulb. The year
following I set an acre on part of the same kind
of soil, but of better quality ; it produced five
hundred and seventy bushels, without any dung.
A half an acre on the same land, with the usual
quantity of dung for turnips, inoduccd two hun-
dred aiid ninety bushels (a bad compensation for
eight loads of excellent dung). This present sea-
son, an acre on the same land (part of my turni))
fallows) produced five hundred and .seventysix
bushels ; but the wet state of the soil when taken
up, and being a vegetable of uneven surface,
which causes the soil to adhere to it more than
to a potato, renders it diflicult to come at the exact
quantity. From an experiment I made of wash-
ing a sack, I can safely assert, I have five hundred
and thirtv bushels of clean roots ; while the vege-
tables on our flat gravels do not equal this by full
fifty ])er cent in v'alue, except the potato, which
produced three hundred and eight bushels on the
same soil. I could never raise more in favorable
seasons.

» The cultivation of the artichoke is the same
as of the potato, except that it requires to be set
earlier— not later than March ; if laid above
ground all winter, it is proof against the severest
frost. When once cleaned, no weed can live in
its dense shade ; liorses, beasts and sheep consume
it with avidity ; pigs prefer a potato to it m its
raw state, but prefer the artichoke when boiled or
steamed. It attracts the game in a most extraor-
dinary way ; they resort to its shade in autumn ; it
forms one of the finest covers in nature. We are
so fortunate as to have but little game in our lord-
ship ; I do not recollect ever having seen even a
Swedish turnip bitten by a hare or rabbit, notwith-
standing they will consume the artichokes left by
the men in sowing them.

"If potatoes can be juofitably cultivated as food
for cattle, compared with Swedish turnips, mangel
wurtzel, the sugar beet, &c., which I much doubt,
the artichoke is vastly superior to them. The
expenses of culture is no more ; it is not liable to
be injured by frost ; can be taken up at pleasure ;
it produced at least thirty per cent more, and on
poor land full fifty per cent ; is far more nutritious,
and leaves the land iierfcctly clean. The only
objection that can be urged against their cultiva-
tion for cattle in competition with potatoes is, that
they require more care in taking them up. The
frost not acting uiion them so fts to destroy vegeta-
tion what are missed will, of course, grow amongst
the .succeeding crop, but I have found very littU
inconvenience in this respect."— X Y. Farmer.

(From the Gencsfc Farmer.]
CANADA THISTI.es.

It is with some degree of reluctance that I thiii
appear in public ; but as one feeling for the we
fitrc of my country and the prosperity of agricul
tural pursuits, I am induce.! to state to my brothe
farmers the success I have had in destroying tha
noxious weed, the Canada Thistle. It is a lament
able fact, that a great portion of the larmcrs, (a
least those in this vicinity,) whose farms are infest
ed with this troublesome weed, scarcely ever tr

VOL. XIII. NO. 36.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

28.5

lo destroy tlicni, or even keep them from goiii<r to
seed, but let tliom stand until they ripen, when
tlie seed takes it aerial flight, to spread extensively
in all seetions of the eountry. It is a formidable
enemy, and the alarm should be sounded. The
lion. Dan Bradley has given us in Gen. Far. vol.
5, No. 2, an excellent dissertation on this subject,
which well merits the attention of all who have
this foe to condiat.

But to my subject. I have practised mowing
the thistles every month successively during the
summer for three years. I have found this to be
the most effectual method I have tried. Contin-
ual cutting will prevent the seeds from reaching
maturity; and the same operation will in time de-
stroy the plant from the root. The next season
after I begun cutting them once a month, there
was not more than half as many, and they have so
diminished that there is only now and then a scat-
tering plant left, which by another season will be
wholly exterminated.

The spot which contained about one fourth of
an acre, now affords good pasture, which before
was unproductive of anything else hut the detes-
table weed. But while I am indulging the
thought of getting rid of an evil of such magni-
tude, I must confess that tliese sensations are
sometimes overpowei'ed by the opposite thought,
that they may again reappear ; and I sliould not
be surprised to see them springing up in every
part of the fann and throughout the country.
AVhat else can I expect, when so many are sleep-
ing, as it were, over this subject, and when there
are so many who take no interest in their expul-
sion ? Farmers, we must be united. In vain will
a prudent, careful, vigilant farmer regularly cut
down the thistles on his own plantation, if his
neighbor suffers the beds of thistles to flourish
and go to seed on his adjoining ground. Hence
we see the necessity of a " uniformity and concert
of action." If the farmers would adoitt the easy
method of mowing down their thistles as often as
they grow high enough to mow, they would ar-
rest their progress, and idtimately extirpate the
alarming pestilence.

The object of this commimication, therefore, is
to endeavor to arouse the attention of farmers to
this subject, and more especially those in this vi-
cinity, who will not be consulted verbally, and
who will not be induced to believe that the
evil may be remedied. A legislative enactment,
perhaps, would be the most effectual measure that
could be taken to arouse such from their state of
lethargy. Something has beensaid heretofore rel-
ative to making application to the Legislature for
the passage of a law forbidding any owner or oc-
cupant of land to suffer a bed of thistles to go to
seed under a suitable penalty. With such a legal
enactment there would be hopes of extirpating
this noxious weed. R. S.

ON CULTIVATING TIMBER TREES.

Though this subject has frequently been brought
before the readers of the Genesee Farmer, and
urged with the earnestness which the subject,
from its importance, demands, yet we doubt
whether our cultivators of the soil are generally
sufficiently awake to its growing importance.
Our noble forests are rapidly disappearing from
the face of our country before the ruthless axe of
the woodman ; and soon not only wood for fuel
will be scarce, (nay, it is already in some sections
of our country,) but timber for the necessary pur-

poses of life. To supply this waste, and make
provision for the future wants of our country, no
adequate eflbrts have as yet been made, by an at-
tention to i)reserve young growing trees and plant-
ing out others. Where the large tind^er is cut
away for fuel and other purposes, the young grow-
ing timber should carefully be preserved : also,
where there has come up a second growth, if the
land can be spared, such as are most valuable shoidd
be permitted to grow. We know of none that
have planted out forest trees, particularly for tim-
ber. Sooner or later we shall have to resort to
thi.s. Years are passing away unimju'oved, when
the trees .should lie growing. Orchards of the
most valuable kinds of timber, as the White Oak,
English Oak, White Ash, Hickory, Black Walnut,
Chesnut, Locust, &c. should be planted out and
cultivated with as much care as we now cultivate
our fruit orchards ; pruned and formed into hand-
some trees. A few acres thus appro|iriated in
time would be exceedingly valuable. They will
form delightful spots for the eye to rest on, give
beauty to the landsca])e, and form cool and grate-
ful retreats for our cattle and flocks to repose in,
in the sultry sunnner months. In a few years
(10 or 15) some of them, as the Ash, Chesnut
and Locust, will furnish valuable tijnber for fenc-
ing, implements of husbandry and the various
mechanical arts. It is well known, that trees of
second growth, as the Ash, Hickory and Oak,
growing in open ground, are far more valuable
for timber, where solidity and toughness are requi-
site, than the same kinds growing in their native
forests. These groves will be continually increas-
ing in value every year ; and the time is not re-
mote, when land thus appropriated will be of
greater value than the most fertile cultivated soil.
The truth of these remarks is confirmed by a ref-
erence to England ; her most valuable lands are
those planted vvith timber. An English noble-
man (whose name is not recollected) became
nearly insolvent. A part of his estates consisted
in a piece of ground which was worth but little
for cultivation. To retrieve his fortmie he plant-
ed it out with choice timber trees. In the course
of j'ears it became exceedingly valuable, and he
lived to see his shattered fortunes retrieved by
the sale of his timber and land. Let our fanners
in like manner set out groves of the choicest
kinds of trees ; let our highw.iys and lanes be
lined with them ; they will add greatly to the
beauty of our country, and by their utility will
richly repay the small labor and attention which
they will require at our hands. — lb.

article of foreign importation. This is well
enough, if the time formerly spent in the.se domes-
tic avocations is more profitably employed ; on
this subject I express no opinion; but can assert
with confidence that the introduction of the silk
worm would be in most families not only a source
of srreat [u-ofit, but the care and feeding of them
an innocent and healthy unuisement. The pro-
curing a few mulberry trees is the first step, and
there are few jdaces where these cannot readily be
procured ; this done, the rearing and feeding of
the worms, and the whole process to the finishing
of the cocoons for market is extremely easy and
simple. There is not the least reason why mil-
lions should be sent fro?u this country every year,
for an article whicli might be produced here in per-
fection, and which only requires the care and labor
of females and children for a few weeks in a year.
[We ben; leave to add our conviction, that reel-
ing the silk by the females of farmers' families,
will be found as easy as the raising of the cocoons,
and by far the most profitable part of the silk
business.] — Farmer and Gardener.

SILK CULTURE.

A sensible writer in the Genesee Farmer, in
discoui-sing on sundry matters interesting to far-
mers, makes the following observations :

Another source, and 1 believe an exhaustless
mine of wealth, has been too long overlooked by
our farmers, and our citizens generally. Such
is the perfection of machinery, and the competi-
tion of manufacturers, that most articles of
clothing which formerly were made by female
industry at home, are now made at these estab-
lishments. The wheel and the loom as im])le-
ments of domestic economy are now rarely seen
or heard ; and the woollen, the linen, and the
cotton, instead of being the productions of the
fair hands of wives and daughters, owe their
existence to power looms and spinning jennies,
and are purchased at the store as would be an

Agricultural. — Good farmers will take care
of their early Lanjbs. Ewes from which lambs
are soon expected should be housed if possible,
and well fed. There is little danger of losing a
lamb after it readies the age of four days, if the
dam afibrds plenty of milk, it will bear cold and
exposure i-.early as well as the mother. Early
lambs aftbrd the greatest profit in market ; nr>t
only so, but early lambs make the strongest and
largest and most profitable sheep. Nearly the
same may be said of cows and early calves, as to
housing, feeding, &c. as of sheep. The writers
in the Nevy England Farmer and other papeis de-
voted to agricultural subjects ofVen repeat it as a
truism that the introduction of foreign breeds of
cattle and shee|j among careless, improvident far-
mers, is useless. The old American breeds can
be starved as cheaply as foreign breeds, besides,
they do not cost so much in the first instance and
of course the heedless farmer can make experi-
ments on them at a cheaper rate. The writers
highly approbate the attempts to improve the
breeds of cattle ; but contend that a large share
of our farmers need improvement in their habits
of taking care of cattle, before our flocks general-
ly will exhibit anything very promising. — -Colum-
bian Resisler.

The Louisiana Journal, of the 12th ult., after
giving notices of several cold days, and sudden
changes, observe as follows :

The injury done this state by the severity of the
frost, is incalculable. The sugar cane, jjlants and

rattoons, are nearly, if not entirely destroyed

and it is questioiudjle whether the culture of the
cane will not be entirely abandoned. The orange,
lime and citron groves are doubtless cut down.
The fig trees, and all delicate shrubber)-, we fear,
are greatly injm-ed, while our vegetable gardens
are utterly laid waste — cattle are dying every
where around us. Such are the effects of this
frightftd winter.

Bees. — Mr T. G. Henderson of Lancaster
county. Pa., took last year from a single j'oung
hive of bees — a June swarm— 137 pounds of
beautiful honey. The hive was a flour barrel,
prepared with cross-sticks in the usual way.

2SG

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH IS, 1835.

SJfSSW 51li3'^2S.,£^.53'3I> SS'ilSia'SSm

nOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 13, 1C35

ECOKOMY IN BVILDIIVG.

W\SS. SOCIETY FOR PROSIOTING Ann ICULTURE.

The following is an extract from a letter from Mr J.
PI. Gourgas of Wi-ston, Ms. to tho Trustees of the
Massachusetts Agricultural Society, and deser^'es the
attention of the enliglilcned inhabitants of the United
Statfs.

The Extract. — '• I shall close my letter by recom-
mending two tilea, sent herewith. Tiles, with few
exceptions, are the general covering for all buildings in
England, and I believe the whole continent of Europe.
The printed bill will explain the manner in v/hich they
should be laid. The introduction of them would be
invaluable to our farmers. Shingles will last onl y about
fifteen years. I e.\pect we couM get tiles made at
Charleslown, of the same ware as their jars. I woidd
willingly give ten dollars a thousand for such tiles
The Trustees would confer a most extensive benefit,
&c. I have a small Jot of said French tiles, and a few
more printed bills, and will be happy to have them at
your disposal. J. M. Gornr.AS.

Fei. a, 1835.-

The handbill, which is alluded to above, contains the
following explanation of the subject:

" Every man acquainted with tlie care required to
keep buildings in good repair, knows that a sound roof
is the main point ; shingles answer the purpose but
imperfectly, because they last but a short time ; they
are expensive, and become more so every year from
the increasing difficulty to procure them of good timber ;
moreover they are a dangerous covering on account of
their aptitude to catch fire. The article here offered for
consideration, if manufactured of a good quality, will
never fail; tiles of a good quality never wear out, and
they are safe .against fire. Tiles are quickly laid, they
require no fitting, no nails ; tlierefore, wherever good
clay is to be procured, they would he afforded for a price
which, when laid, would be much less than the expense
of shingles. The tiles here offered to view were im-
ported from Havre in France ; they cost there 30 fr.
per 1000 di livered on board — about !i|i.5 of onr money.
One thousand shingles of a good quality, will in general
cover ten feet square ; one tliousand tiles, such as arc
here exhibited, vvould proliably cover eighteen feet
square ; on tlje top of tlie roof a saddle-board may be
u.sed, or a strip of lead. If a tiled roof is well laid, it
will foim a well connected, firm slicet, which nothing
can put out of order, unless some extraordinary storm
(as unfrcquejil in our climate as the well remembered
September blow), when a few tiles may possibly get
blown off, and easily replaced.

" A tile to be perfect ought to be hard, and not porous.
it ought to be perf-ctly flat ; if a tile should be porous,
the rain would soak in. and a frost taking place in quick
succession, as is sometimes the case in winter, wobld
crack it to pieces ; if tiles should not be perfectly flat,
they would not lay well, and the wind, rain, or snow
would blow in. All the buildings in England, and upon
the whole continent of Europe, with few exceptions,
are tiled— and they are tiled upon slats, without hoards ;
the coldness of our winters would however make the
boarding requisite for comfort, especially for dwellino-
houses. Under the impression that the general intro-
duction of tile covering for our buildings would be of
gieat advantage to our community, this little roof is
pxhibitod, with an invitation to every gentleman who

feels inclined to manufacture the article, or to get others
to do it, to Kelp himself to a tile and a handbill.

" N. B. The knob under the tile should be somewhat
larger and better formed, that it may l.ay snug against
the slat, and have a steady hold against it ; for the sake
of despatch, tiles might be pressed through a frame, and
the knobs put on .afterwards. It is conceived that the
onlj' dilFiculty which might occur during the process of
manufacturing tiles, would be to keep them from warp-
ing when burnt ; but practical men would no doubt
easily devise the proper way of doing it."

There are few topics relative to the greatest good of
the greatest number, of more importance than the best
forms, modes and materials of constructirg houses, and
other buildings for the use and accommodation of man
and beast. We cannot expect the civic virtues, spirit
of patriotism, love of country, will have an abiding in-
fluence in a territory, where the inhabitants are not well
lodged, as well as well fed and well clothed. There
can be but slight local attachments, which may be styled
the bonds of society and the guarantees of the social
compact, among a population whose dwelling places
are unsightly, uncomfortable and unsubstantial.

With regard to the use of tiles, we are not qualified,
cither by observation or experience, to speak with cer-
tainty ; or to judge of tiieir merit, when compan^d with
slate, either as respects cost or convenience. Dr Big-
elow, in his excellent work, " Elements of Technology,"
page 46.5, observes that " Tiles are plates of burnt clay,
resembling bricks in their composition and manufacture,
and used for the covering of roofs. They are necessa-
rily made thicker than slates or shingles, and thus
impose a greater weight on the roof. Their tendency
to absorb water, promotes the decaj^ of the wood work
beneath them."

It is possible, however, that tiles might be manufac-
tured so thin, light, and well burnt, as not to be liable
to the objections above stated. They have been, and
perhaps now are, much used in the cities of New York
and Albany, and other places in the State of New York.
We should be very much obliged to Judge Buel, Mr
Fleet, or some other scientific or patriotic gentleman,
acquainted with the subject, for information whether
tiles are used and approved of in modern buildings, in
their vicinities ; and their opinions of the relative
advantages,of tiles compared with slate, and other
materials for the roofs of houses, &c.

[For tile New Enul.inti Farmrr.)

Llnnccnn Botanic Garden and J^u.rserles, \
near JVew York, March 7, 1835. 5

Di-iAR Sir — We have been repeatedly asked to des-
ignate the finest varieties of Vegetables, and we now
enumerate some of the most desirable, and will do so
with regard to others at a future opportunit}'.
Yours, very respectfully,

^Vm. Prince & So.\s.

Beet. — Long Blood, Early Turnip Blood, Early Yel-
low Turnip, Early White Sugar.

CaiAnn-c.^Earliest French, Early York, Early Royal
Dwarf, Large York, French Ox-heart, Early Emperor,
Bonneuil, Harvest, Battersea, l^arge late Bergen, Early
Savoy, Cape Savoy. Monstrous French Savoy, Large
Panealier Savoy, — the latter citrafine, and far surpass-
ing the kinds of Savoy usually cultivated.

Carrot. — Early Scarlet Horn, Altringliam, Long Red
Studley, and large White.

Cc/ct!/.— Turkish large White Solid, North's Giant
Red, Dwarf Curled.

Cuevmber. — Early Long Frame, Long Green Prickly,
Long Green Turkey, Early Green Cluster, and Long

Green Southgate, for table, the latter longest of all ;
and tlie Small Green and Gherkin for plcliles.

Endire — Italian Green Curled, and White Batavian.

Indian Corn. — Early White Tuscarora, and Sweet or
Sugar.

Lettuce. — Early Curled Silesia, Large Early White
French, Vtrsailles, Turkish, and Red edged Early
White, as head .or Cabbage Lettuces for spring and
summer sowing; and Florence Coss, Magnum Bonuin
Coss, and Monstrous Coss, for looser or less solid heads.
The Cess Lettuces are deemed sweeter and more tender
than the Cabbage varieties

Onion. — Early Silver Skinned and Pale Red Madeira,
are earliest of all, and sure to attain their size the first
season. The Yellow Duteh not quite as early, but pro
duces very large Onions tile first, season.

Melon. — Pine Apple, Persian, Citron, Skillman's,
Netted Minorca, Netted Romana, French Muscade,
Malta Winter, all of which are green fleshed. The
Cohansa, Imperial, Cyprian, Green Fleshed Sugar,
Large Yellow Cantaloup, and other Cantaloup varieties.
are also valuable.

Peas. — Six Weeks, Washington, Dwarf Blue Impe-
rial, Dwarf Green Marrow, Knight's Marrow, Wood-
ford's Marrow, and various others.

Puvip/uns. — Spanish Cheese, Yellow Cheese, &c.

Radish. — Earliest French Scarlet, very tender, and
earliest of all, Mason's Scarlet Short top, Salmon, and
White Naples, as long varieties. Tlie Scarlet, Violet
and White Turnip varieties are best for early sowing,
and the Yellow Turnip and Spanish varieties for hot
seasons, or for tropical climates.

S(juash. — Summer Bush, Summer Crookneck bush,
Vegetable Marrow, and Italian, for early ; White Can-
iida, Yellow Fall Crookneck, for autumn; and Tene-
riffe. Acorn, and Cocoa nut, for winter.

Turnip.- — Early White, and Early Yellov/ Dutch,
White Stone, Yellow Stone, &c. for spring sowing, as
garden varieties.

Cauliflower. — Early, and Half Hardy.

Brocuii. — Grange's Cape, Suljdiur colored, Purple
Cape, and new Imperial late Dwarf White.

Mrs Kirk, of the Old Ship Inn, Rotherham, provided
for her .SliefEeld friends, a Christmas Pie, which, when
taken to the oven, weighed upwards of 17 stone, or 238
^lounds; it consisted of one rump of beef two legs of
veal, two legs of poik, three hares, six rabbits, three
geese, four pheasants, eight partridges, two turkeys,
four fowls, with upwards of one hundred pounds of the
best flour. — jB"^- Jiuper.

Tliursday, the second day of April, has been appoint-
ed as the Annual Fast in New Hampshire.

To CoRRESi'ONDF.NTS. — We liavc received the Hon.
Mr Latlirop's Address, .and several other favors, which
shall be given as soon as we can find room in our col-
umns, not pre-occupied nor pre-engaged.

THERMOMETKICAL.

(Reportfd Cur llie New ICni^tand Farmer. I
Range of Thermometer at the Maverick House, East
Boston, in a shaded Northwesterly exposure, free
from the wall.

MARtltl, 18^5.

7, A. M

t, P. M.

9, P. M

Mean

MoNIlAY, n, - - -

30

34

28

31

TtlESUAV, 10,

2:)

33

32

31

Wednksdav, 11,

32

44

35

37

Thursday, 12,

27

51

33

37

Friday, 13,

37

4()

40

41

Saturday, 14,

37

47

40

41

Sunday, 15,

38

51

42

44

VOIa. XHI. 5.O. 36.

AND CARD EN Kirs JOURNAL

PLEASANT AM> \AI,UABLE RESIDENCE POK
HAhiE.

SlTUATKDiiiDor<-lwstrr(.il llu- 1 rnsl.liill luniiwko. l»o milc's
from |{(,xl.ury Mrc.i. ,oMi^,i,Mnff l,i ;„.,-« ui nr,-<U;n himl
wilh a mnnsioii l,„ns.-. I;irin hi.usp. Ivo hntns .nn.i oiiiIiousl-s
thereon, liavins " Ksudeii c.f one arre roniaiii(,]s'\,-ili;;ili|e liuiis
&c. 'I'll.! MUi8ll<>[i is uJTivi.lled, cuu.iiKiii(liii"'a ihoM exleu-
sivc pr<)>|i(.rlo( ihe liarbor and nl llie cMiuiilrv hack.

Tlie li. uses are m ...nipieie re|,„ir ai.il lliewhi.leVnrm under
n pord naie 1,1 cultK aii,,n, vidi a soo.l ercliaKi of exf. II, ni
Iruil. I'<,r Irinis and |iarli<u!ais inquire ul Messrs I ( IT
^^HEEI 1!,G(1T .V SON, ..6 Cenir'al Wharr Vil OUGi!:
t- HAi.lxLl I fll this office, or JOSIAII WILSON on ii,e
prtniites.

N. B. In .Tise the almve plaec is in,t fold ^t pdvaie sale
before Die IClh of April, it ivill iheii be let f.ir one j'ear.

FOR SALE BY AUCTION

On llie ahove prfniis,.v, „n the ISlli day ..f April llie Funii-
lure .Sleek and Kainiins Uleuslls, hef, g nearly ne»v and
valual.le In a person soiiig- i„in l.he cou.ilry for tlie' summer.

march IS.

FOR SALE OR TO LET.

A valuable Farm silunted in Medford, alioui fiye miles from
Ihis eil.y well ealeulaled liir a milk, yeoei,,|,le and Innl laini
or »„nld he lot on shares, provided a leiiiptiale man should
wan llie same.

l''or liirllier pardeulars afiply at this oTn-e, ni 1 1.

GRIST MILL MACHINKRY FOR SALE.

A giisl mill. vvilhse,.|inj complete, l.uill in ihe hesl manner
an. hasheen ruiiiiiii- l,ul a yery sliorl lime— slones 5 leet (i
inches <!iuniele;-riniiier I'J inches thick-removed lor the
accommo<latiou ol other macliineiy

Cue runner, .5 feet diameier, 17"inches thick.

liAodnvinx wheels, partly worn, wiih pinions and spMulles

renn 'r'lr" I T'T' """?"''" •-"■''■ "* ''"■• ^ '"'^"^ diameter
ri.niier lb inches thick, widi the requisite iron work.

Iieal.oye will besoM low, if immediate application is made

ni ' j"'|","'» """" "^ "'« ''"''.y Advertiser ^t Talriot

287

!• li I C E S OF C O U N T R Y P R O D L C f. .

COr.RECTICD WITH GRUAT C.»RE, WEEKLY.

. 1.

IMPORTED VEGETABLE SEEDS.

I.oso Soulh:;aie Ciicumher, ton,- Kidgc do. Gherkin dr..
Superior VarletR,idish. a small qnanlily new fiMnt Marrow
Peas .Skillnia.i's hue netted Melon, Yellow Liverpool Tur-
■ ip, Purple L-i Plant, early and late Cauliflowers, early and

RPTI^T ';,""■',''''"';■ ,-'^'" '"ccived hy G, C. b.AR.
Khi 1 . New Liigland 8eed Store. march IIJ

GRiPE VINES &, PLUai TREES.

IsyBFi.i.A and ralawba of extra siz.-? and Ked Chassela«
ind of the loreigii varieties.

Also— Plum liees of vigorous growth and of the most an-
Jrmcd kinds, lor sale by SAMUKI, POND. Cambrid<.epofi.

Orders may be left at Ihe N. E Farmer Office, march 18

WILLIAM SHERIDAN,

(Gaujener to the late Gardiner Greene, Rsq.) would re-
ecilully inlorm his fne: ds and the pubhe that he will com-
leiicp jobbing in (.ardeiis. by die dav or by conlrnct W S
illemleavor to give satisfaction to all liiose who may feel
isposi'd to lavor him with any thing in Ins hue to the extern

his power and ability.

N. n All orders left at the store ol Messrs Worcester &
eirce corner ol Court and Tremonl streets, Boston, will be
omi.ily and laillilolly allended lo. march 11

(prime)

KENRICK NURSERIES IN NEWTON.

^yi'v'^,""',""^'^ proprietor of the Newton Nurseries has
^stabhshed the agency of his nurseries at the Ne v En"^lanil
■armetofficc, Moslmi. and all orders for Trees. Plants Shrubs
Ic, left with G (.'. 13 A 11 RETT will be immediately attend-
d lo. Catalogues gratis on application to ilir Barrett.

march \S.

AVINSHIPS' NURSERIES-BRIGHTON.

Thk MfKsrs Wivslnp of Ihe Brighlon Nurseries would
ow give rolice that the addition lo llieir collection of Frjiit
•id OnwmfTilal Trees, Sliriiiis, etc.. enables them In uffcr to
le publican unusual variety of the different kinds of l.ijn-e
ze and undoubted excellence. °

GEO. C. liARRETTai the Farmer office is their a-em
id all orders through liim will receive prompt and faitliful
icniion. in^reh 18.

TO LET.

cit, J",'"?''!" '^''"''"' ."'"^'"'"g "''oul ll-ree hundred acres of
cultivated land, wilhin three miles of Lowell, with belwcen
t«e.,ly and thirty cows and other cattle, and farming tools.
(nriV'l' '7'", ''"^'^6'-:" "-^ud as a milk farm, and has supported
lor 0 head ol calllc lor many years, is » ell lenced and watered.
I lie proximity of this farm to Lowell, one of Ihe best mar-
kets III this coiTimonweahh, makes it a desirable one for a ffoo I

riyenVhe fi"'? 'VT "i'" '"' '''' ^"' " '"'" °^' >''="=^' P"s^ess,on
^|^en the first ol April next ; good references will be required.
Apply o the subscriber at Lowell who will show the premises.

. SEEDS FOR 1835.
For sale at the seed stor ■ connected with the .New Enoland
armor office ; **

200 bushels finest early Peas.
100 Large Marrowfat do.

50 Dwarf nine Imperial do.

50 other varieties.

100 best Garden Beans.

500 lbs. Long Blood Beet Seed.
200 Karly Turnip do.

Cabbage Seed, 14 difl'erent kinds.

Fine Long Orange Carrot.

Early Horn ilo.

C-ommon Cucumber.

Long Green do

Early and Head Lettuces.

Pure While Portugal Onion.

Silver Skin do.

Large Deep Red do.

Early Scarlet short lop Radish.

Long .Salmon do.

Turnip Radishes.

Karly Scollop Squash.

Early Long do.

Uso.— Cauliflowers, Broccoli, Celery, Cress, Egg Plants,
ek. Endive, Musk and Water .Melons, Martynea,"Pepper,'
rsley and Tomato Seeds, by Ihe lb. or oz. Herb'Seeds of
kinds.

■0,000 papers in .300 to -100 splendid kinds of Annual, I^ien-
I and Perennial Fi.owkr Sekiis.
rKASs Skkd~. wholesale and retail.

fhe above comprises in part the stock of seeds raised ex-
Bsly for the es ablishment, and the qiialilv and goodness
\he warranted superior to any ever offered herelobire.—
jlers and others will please file in their orders immediately
they shall be faithfully executed for the spring.
lo.\es o( Garden Seeds for the country irade, nelilly paper d
iwiih directions on each paper, for sale al a large discount
\\ marked prices.

!RUiTandOR7«AMF.NT4LTKEEs,^.c. will bo Supplied, and
srs are solicited.

GEO. C. BARRETT. Agricultural Warehouse,
archil. Nos.51 4" 52, North Market Street.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. BucK».i,vsTEK-s Nursery, Framingham :— Apple
Tee,, Cherry trees, Pear trees Peach trees, Rock maple and

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, at ciis-

tooiar v nrires, * M' i ,

IMarch 4.

300
100

50
200
ISO
100

50
100
200
150

60

25
150

60

ADMINISTRATOR S SALE OF RBaL ESTATE.
Tit K subscribers offer Ibr sale the estate <.l the late Ebenezer
Pugbee, deceased, situated in Roxburv, on the upper road,
leading lo Dorchester, four miles from the city,-v,ell known
m biriner limes, as the liughee Tavern.

Sad estate contains aboul nine acres of valuable land on
which are a large number of choice Fruit Trees, with a dwell
ing hou se and out houses thereon, with an excellent well of
water.

The situation is desirable to anyone wishing to build as
there are many lots on the premises admirably calculated for
collage lois.

Said estate, if not disposed of on or before the 2d day ol
April next, will then be sold at public auction, at 4 o'clock p m
hor further particulars inquire of AARON D. WILLi'aMS
or.lOSEI'H BIIGUKK. Roxbiiry. rnarci, 4. '

TO LET.

A Farm of aboul 100 or more acres of Land, situated one
mile Irom the eily of New Haven— very desirable as a Dairy
a great pari being pasture, and produces good l;ay. There is
a collage, nd every requisile building, all newly erected and
may he had for such term of years as may be agreed upon at
a moderate rent. Address No. 2G5, Post Office, r; ew Haven
(post paid ) '

The stock of Cows, Team, and Implements of Agriculture
may be taken with the Fa m at a fair valuation. Feb. 25. '

TO LET,

On a lease of live or more years, as may be agreed upon, a
Farm, conlaining one hundred acres of Land, suitable fur a
Dairy, with dwelling house, barn, and all other bnildino-s requi'-
sile, a good orchard, and well watered. The sitnalimi is two
miles from the ciu of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden
tor urther pariiculars addre s (post paid) to No. 2(15 box
post office. New Haven. p,.f, ^5 ' '

Apples, nis-ets, .
Beans, while, .
Beef, mess, inew)
Cargo, No. I
prime,
Bekswas. (.\nieric n)
I'liTTEU inspected, .\i
Cheese, new milk. .

skimmed milk,
Pt A^ HERS, norlliern, gee.se
soiilheni, geese,
PiAX, American, . " .
Flaxseed,

Fj.ouR, Genesee, . cash

Baltimore, Howard street,
Ballimore. wharf,
.'Vlexandiia,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
sonlhein yellow
while.
Rye. northern.
Barley,

Oats, nor hern.
Hay, best English, . . . .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey,
Hops, 1st quality

2d quality . .
Larij, Boston. "Jst sort, .
southern, 1st sort.
Leather, s'aughter, sole,
f'o. upper,
dry hide, sole,

rio. upper. .
Philadelphia, sole. .
r.altimore, sole, .
Lime, best sort.

Pork, Mass. inspect, extia clear, .
Navy, mess. ....
bone, middlings.
Seeds, Herd's Grass, (new)
Red Top, norlliern. .
Red Clover, northern.
While Dutch Honeysuckle, .
Tallow, tried, ....
Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces,

American, full bh.od, washed
do. 3-1 1 hs do.

•In. 1-2 do.

do. 14 and common
Native washefl
c _ f Pulled superfine,
t-r I 1st Lambs, .

i. I .3d do.

barrel
laishel
barrel

pound

bushel
bairel

bushel

gallon
pouiul

cask
barrel

bushel
pound

CWt.S'

pound

Soulhern p

less per lb

J Isl .Spinnin
■ullcd wool is een

generally 5 els.

2 60

2 00

10 50

8 00

G 75

20

13

8

40
.30
10
1 25
5U2
5-50
5 50
5 37
71
(35
C6
78
C3
45
18 00
13 00
13 50
37
11
10
il
7
19
12
16
18
2C
24
1 00
17 00
IGOO

75
8
25
7 50
(iO
50
45
38
32
38
50
40
30
23
33

;>. Cfl

255
II 00
H75
7 (X)
23
Id

y
li

42

3.0

11

1 37

5 75

5 (J2

5 50

73

C«

G7

30

t;6

40

10 50

15 00

15 fill

42

12

II

10

20
14
1»
2i)

1 05
18 00
17 00

850

2 50
J 00

y

31
800
65
58
50
42
3fi
41 »
6.5
46
33
26
4Q

PROVISION M A .R K E T
retail prices.

Hams, northern,
soulhern,
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry. .
Butter, (tub) .

lump
Eggs,
Potatoes,

ClDEK,

,

pound

10

12

,

'■

7^,

K

"

G

7

.

*i

10

14

"

IG

17

.

"

18

20

riozen

20

22

bushel

37

5.)

barrel

2 75

3 00

BUCKTHORNS.

For sale by Gl-X). C. BA RRETP 20.000 Buckthorns for
hedges, raised on the farm of E. H. Derby, Esq Orders
supplied al -horl notice. n,;,^, |, ]s.

G.i.RDENING.

Francis Oiiersmei.f, German by birth. 32 years of a"-e
having a small family —three years "in this country- he has
acquired a competent knowledge of English, and wLsb'-3 a sit-
uation in Boston or its vicinity. Haying^ both in Germ ,nv and
the United Slates, given his attention exclusively lo o-ardenin"-,
he has no doubt of giving satisf.iciion to h s em^Jlo.vers Direct
to F. O. GARDENER, Providence, R. I, '^ ■* Feb. IS

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoNDAV, March 16, ISXx

[Keported for Ihe llaily .Advertiser &. Patriot.]

At inarRet 570 Beef Cattle, 12 paiis Workinn- Oxen,

JO Cows and Calves, 740 Sheep, and 375 Swine.' Abont

70 Beef Cattle, and 320 Sheep w^ere at market last

week- .50 Beef Cattle and 200 Sheep unsold.

Prices. Bcff Cattle— Matket exceedin;;ly dull and
prices some reduced. ^Vc noticed two or three yoke
very fine fat and heavy taken for somethinnr more than
our highest quotations (say 12 a a5c)— we quote prime
at 3:!s a 34s Gd ; good at 30 a 32s Od ; thin at 24 a 2cs.
Working Oic/e- No sales.
Cows and Cahrs~$22. 25 and $28.
S/icep—" Dull"— lots were Uken at 24, 2G. 30, 33, 3G
and 3!)s.

Swine — One lot of large selected barrows were taken
at 5§ ; several lots to retail at 4| for sows, and 53 for
barrows. Retail at 6 and 7c.

NEW E N G L A xN D FARMER.

MARCH IS, 1S33.

sffias^isiLS.4£s.srirA

I^EARKING V TRADE.

TliPi-p ave muiiv peoi)l(; wlio dislike the miine
of mechanic and who would, rather thun put their
children to ail honest tra.le, tug hard at their busi-
ness and live sparingly for the sake of givnis_then.
P coUe-e cdu.'ation. They think meanly ol Inni
^vho wears the leather apron, and is not dressed
up in tinerv and show. This «e believe is the
reason why there are so many pettifoggers and
vagabonds in the world. Many a son has been
sent to college with the expe.tation of his parents
hiMilv e-cc.ited, but like the fable of the u,..uutain,
he^'onlv produced a mouse. We think highly ol
our co'lleg?s and literary institutions, and rejoice
to see them prosper ; but we are more pleas,',! to
see an individual's mind turned in a right current.
There are hundreds of lawyers who woulil have
-made better mechanics: and have obtained a more
comfortable livelihood. And we have no doubt,
there are many mechanics who would stand high
Bt the bar, had they been blessed with a libera
education. But if a child have talents, they will
not remain hid ; and no matter what his trade or
profession is, thev will sooner or later burst forth.
There are many distinguished individuals in the
literary world, who were bred to mechanical
trades- Many of the editors of our best con-
ducted ioiirnals were mechanics, and do credit to
the stations they occupy. And our mechanics
too, generally speaking, are the most industrious
part of the community. They are almost always
l.usilv employed. But it is apt to be otherwise
with'professional men. They are often dilatory,
lazy It is an effort for them to bend their minds
to a difficult pursuit. They are well informed,
because they spend much of their time in reading,
but this is an unprofitable business, unless we have
some definite object in view.

In tiiese remarks we wish it not to be under-
stood that we think lightly of professional men
"•enerally ; for we do not. We wish to a.ldress
ourselves i)articularly to those parents who are
hesitating what occupation to give their children.
Are they ingenious, fond of mechanical pursuits?
Give them a trade. Do they love to study, and
cannot give their attention to anything else ? Send
them to college. Let your children choose theni-
«plves what trade or pr,.f.-ssion they will follow ;
and what they select will generally prove the most
advantageous in the end. But never think a trade
too humble for vour son to work at, nor a profes-
sion too imijortant for him to acquire. Let every
parent pursu,' this course with his children and
■ we are confi.leiit there would be less uiihai.pmess
and misery in the worhl. Y.mi can never force a
trade or a profession upon a child ; it must be nat-
ural to him. A <lisregard fin- a child's inclination
in this respect has often iiroved his ruin, or at
least, unfitted him for the duties of WW: — Boston
Mechanic.

NEW YORK.

1 like New York. I lik,- it for the very (loints
of difference which distinguish it from all other
cities in the Union. Its noise, its hurry, its bus-
tle,—its mixed population, ami the Babel-like
crnfusion of tongues which it inherits. One may
walk through Wall street, or Broadway, and hear
French, Spanish, Italian, English, German, Turk-
ish, and almost every other language in the known
world, spoken in the same moment. The haste

with which every body moves, ami acts, and
speaks, is another characteristic of New York that
I admire. It is contagious, an.l it has a good ef-
fect upon the spirits ami health of an itlle man.
I have strolled into Wall street so very lazy and
listless that I had hardly energy enough to move
one foot past the other, and in fifteen minutes
thereafter I found myself tearing up and down
the street, through Pearl, into Water, up Front
street, skipping over barrels, and boxes, and crates,
as if the sailing of an Indiaman, or the credit ol
a dozen houses all depended upon the celerity of
my movements. The same effects produced by
the same causes, I have remarked in others. I
have a country friend, a retail trader, who visits
the city once "a year to pay his debts and lay m a
new stock of goods. He only trades at two
houses, and generally has but two notes to pay,
and as for his purchases, he can make them in
a couple of hours. I have seen this (piiet, steady,
slow and easy old gentleman, saunter out of the
Ohio Hotel iiito the street, of a Monday morning,
and after carefully perusing all the sign-boards m
his immediate vicinity, move along at the grave
and judicious jiace peculiar to him.self. Anon a
young clerk would flash by him, and before he
could distinguish the precise color of his coat, be
out of sight. A countryman would pass hini
with the speed of a steam engine. " Why !" the
old man would exclaim, •" Why, that's neighbor
Wilson ! Neighbor, neighbor ! Mr Wilson !
How he walks ! He's out of sight already I" By
this time his own steps would be quickened. A
little before him he observed the principal of the
House with which he transacts his business. He
increases his pace. It is in vain. He cannot over-
take him. Merchants, clerks, porters, horses,
carts, wheel-barrows whiz past him. His brain
becomes confused, his feet begin to fly, and in ten
minutes more I have marked the old man striding
along the' street, under full headway — the long
skirts of his coat fluttering and flapping in the
wind, his hair streaming out from under his hat,
drops of perspiration coursing each other down
his cheeks, — the very picture of a fugitive from
justice.

HOI^LIS- CEI.EBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Si,rains, Bruises. ILud-Galls, Oldftrarns.Stif

iohui Slielkd vr Cretin! Jheh,0"ttJor llorststluU u/c
'struinedinthe back sineu.. vruug in tke «;lUer.. S^c. : aho

tor Glunilidar swellinas of the lliroat-

■rheineedonls which compose this pvnparM.on have heen
careful V seated alter mm.y yea.s' experience and are some
of he most successfnl remeTlies unilod. correctly proporlioned
an happy adapted to alTord reliel in all the above nrennoned
CO ., laiL ; the proprietor feels assured that ^vhen once ih s
aSei used it will be preferred to any other, as it is decd-
e lly Ihe 1 est and cerlainlv ihe most conven.erU arUcle ,n v se.

I !>,. Persons affl.cled wi.h Ithem^rai.sm, S'P'a.ns Crai^ p

Numbness, S.ifTness, or Weakness m the To.nls, w,ll lind th.s

Liniment a valuable and efficacous remedy. ■ , „,■

Prepared and sold bv THOMAS MOLLIS, Drugg.st and

Chcmsl, No. 30, Union Street, lioslon. Mass. , , , ■

O^ The Public are renues.ed to observe that each label..

""Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o'^

SILIiS AT REDUCED PRICES.

I?.iAn '^TONE BuEWEKinlcndins to make anew arrange-
ment u'L^hu^nesswdl sell h,s stock of Silk Goods at ver,
reduced prices, viz ; ,, . 0= „

"0 Pieces BIk. Gros de Naples (slightly spotted) at -5 els
„e7va d- 5I0. perfect, 2s. do. 23 do. Superior .SaUnsLevan
P • iKrln to.lo do 3s — 6 do. R ch Striped do. 3s. 9.-

;;:fe.1^ch':;;:/s;^r::: ciiv. pouu de soies V-30 dc.^0

/ ,,„i\o„f; 0-, ,lo Heavy 11 k. Sinchaws irsm .is.u to js.i
^' "di.1ar7n;^s f;om\s.\o2s.6.--100DressPat.e,ns^g
Black Canton Capes at 6s. per pallern-oO do- do- to match
7s 6-50 do. do. Brown, 7S.6-50 pieces Black Canton Lrape
alls per vard-iU do. Heavy Blk Turk Saims (4-4 in width
6 . 5do do lialian Lustrings 5s.-10 do conimon do 4s^-l
do.Fig'd and Plaid Sarsnels 2s.6-20 do. Grecian Sha I
of superior fabric and figures -'is-y-a few piece. Foulards
5s. -Mso, Blk. Brown, Green, Lt. B'"0. P ak and >cllo
Satins. No. 414 Washington Street, Dec. 27lh, \o3i.

NEW ENGLAND SEED STORE.

At the A^cultnral and florticulturai Warehouse connez
ed with theVew England Farmer the ^"b^f^^er continues t
Seed Establishment, and now otTers to dealer. Gardener
and the public generally an "■"■ivalled conecuon of

G.^RDEN. GRASS, and FfOWLR SEEDS
comprising unusual fine varieties and of ""doubled quality !u
vitality -being raised underthe particular direction and e

presily fof this establishment. , 1 „ f,„„ in 10 II

^ Garden Sc«/s in boxes assorted for dealers from 10 10 II
dollars each. -Also in pounds, halves and quarters at ve

"""iZf^^S^d coataining a good assortment for priva

^°30STo 4ofcho1ce-varieties of FLOWER SEEDS in 6 cc

papers — twenty papers lor gf.Ot). wholesale ai

Grass Seeds at the lowest market prices at Wholesale a.

'*F™-(<t«rf Ornamental TREES, Grape Vines, Plants a
Roots supplied at one days notice.

Just prKlished, a Catalogue of 80 P|g=s wh^h «dl^be^.
irrads 10 customers. kmi:.^. \j. ^
" Jan. 21.

I HAVE NO TIME LEFT FOR Study.— The idea
about the want of time is a mere phantom.
Franklin found time in the midst of all his labors
to dive into the hidden recesses of philosophy, and
to explore an untrodden path of science. The
o-reat Frederick, with an empire at his direction,
h, the midst of war, on the eve of battles which
were to decide the fate of his kingdom, found
time to revel in all the charms of philosophy an.l
intelh-ctual pleasures. Bonaparte, with all Eu-
rope at his .lisposal ; with kings in his ante-cham
her b,>i'ging for vacant thrones ; with thousands
of meiT whose destinies were suspended on the
brittle thread of his arbitrary pleasure, htul tunc
to converse with books. Ciesar, when he had
curbed the spirit of the Roman people, aii.l was
thronged with visitors from the reinot.'.'^t kingdom,
foun.i time for intellectual cultivation. Lvery
man hasti.ne,if he is careful to improve it; and
if be ,loes improve it as well as he might, he can
reap a three-fold reward.

GREEN HOUSE GliASS.

Of superior thickness with every qoalit.V of Wmdow Gl.
for sale by LORING Sr KUPFER, No. 10 Merchants' Ro'
Jau.'23. -'""•

Good Manners is the art of contributing to the
enjoyment of tliose with whom we have inter-
course, by putting them at ease and causing them
to be pleased (not with you, but) with themselves.

THE NEW ENGIiAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at «3 per anrri
payable at the end of the year -but those « " pa^ "il
sixfy davs from the time of subscribing, are entitled to a

'"S^Vo paV-vi" •'e seu. .0 a distance without payi
bcin" made in advance.

AGENTS.

Avie y-ork—G C. TnoKBf r.N, C" Liberty-street.
yl//iom/— Wm. Thokburs, 347 Market-street.
I'Slelphla-iy. .V C. I.ANDBETH. 85 ChesMiul-slreet^
r Ittor-h I. Hitchcock, Publi.sher of American Farr

Fhtshins. N. y.-WM. Pr.ncf. S,- fcoNS P'^P-^"' B"'- »
Middtehuni. V7.— Wi.^HT Chapman Merchant.
//„,.,/■„,.(/— Goodwin cV Co. Booksellers.
AVMXnff^rt-ERENF./.Kr. Stedman, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, X. H.-JoHN W. Foster, Bookseller.
A,n.-«sla, ,1/r— WiLi.ARn Snell, Druggist.
yv2odstock, Vt.—}. A. Pkatt.

S^-;1(r-^^^;f;i::;:.'^N^fElq.EditorofKecorde
St. Lotiis— Geo. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTtEeAND WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.

OBBr.RS FOR printing KSCKITID by the FCBI-IS.

]\EW ENGL.AND FARMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

TOt. XIII.

PUBLISHED BV GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STKEET, (Aokicultukal Wabiho«se.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR."

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 23, 1835.

NO. 37.

We ire under great obligations to the editor of the Norlhamplon
Courier fur ,i corrected copy of tlie following aMe article, ivhicli
wo were anilnlious of transferring to our columns.

IIou. S. LATIIROP'S ADDRESS

BEFOHE THE
HAMPDEN AND FRANKLIN

H A M P S H I R F.

AGRICULTUEAL SOCIETY.

No occasion could be presented, on wliiclr I
should take gieatcr pleasure in addressing any
portion of niy fellow citizens, than that wiiich lias
now called us together, had my occupations,
habits, and pursuits been such as to cultivate and
matu|;e the qualifications necessary to enable nie
to impart instruction or entertainment to my
auditors.

The science of agriculture, taken in all its
branches and departments, as usually practised in
New England, is one of the most comprehensive
and midtifarions of all the departments of indus-
try. Almost every farmer will find within the
range of his superintendence, a great variety of
soil, the wet and the di>y, the cold and the warm,
the fertile and the barren, the light and the heavv
the clayey and the sandy. Each of these varie-
ties, in order to the developement of its latent ener-
gies at the least e.xpense, with the least e.xhaustion,
snd the most for the benefit of the cultivator, re-
li;'ic.- ;i great di>-ersily .>:" i.ianagement i^ its j,.t'-
[laration, in its cultivation, in the kind of manure
which may be ajiplied with the greatest prospect
yf an adequate return, and in the nature of the
:rop best adajjted to the soil.

We have also a great variety of crops to culti-
vate, different kinds of grain, grasses, fruits and
regetables. Now all these require different kinds
>f management in order to their successful culture •
ind they are each of them, better adapted to some
(articular kind of soil, than to others. It is not
very soil, with the most skilful culture, that will
eward the labor of the husbandman with a good
rop of wheat or of corn. Some soils will pro-
uce a liberal crop of grass, others will not ; and
mong the cultivated grasses, some are ])ecu-
arly adapted to a particular kind of soil, where
thers will entirely fail.

The application of the various kinds of manure
jquires the exercise of a sound discretion, in-
ructed by experience and observation. These
irious kinds are particularly adapted to their ap-
ropriate soils. While they will all produce a
dutary and beneficial effect jvhen properly ap-
ed, they will fiiil, or nearly so, when niisa)*jilied.
ume kinds of manure will admit of a more gcn-
•al application than others, but none of them will
Irait of an indiscriminate application, but at the
izard of an almost total loss.
The rearing and the management of the differ-
it species of animals connected with our agri-
iltural concerns, is another branch of industry,
hich requires, in order to its successful and
Gnomical pursuit, a variety of knowledge and
ill, which can be learned only by a long course

observation and personal experience.
Besides, the business of the farmer does not.

like that of the operatives in most of our mechani-
cal and manufacturing establishments, admit of
divisions and sub-divisions, so that one branch of
business may be assigned to one set of hands, and
another to others. But the various dciiartments
of calculation, direction and execution press on.

in succession, with respect to the particular objects
of the season, and every object, in its turn, claims
the whole energies of the operatives. We cannot
confine one set of hands to ploughing and sowing
througliout the year, and another to rcajiing and
gathering into our barns. Every branch of busi-
ness has its appropriate season. It must then be
done, or not at all. And much, very much
of the pleasure and comfort, as well as the suc-
cess attending the fanner's pursuits, depend on
ills being prepared to occupy each and every sea-
son of the year with its peculiarly a])prbpriate
business, upon his being ready, at all times, to drive
his work, and not suffer his work to drive him.
Tlie man who suffers one dej)artment to fall be-
hind its season, and thus to encroach upon ano-
tlier, is in danger of finding everything jostled
out of place. He will be hurried and fretted in
all his labors, and will inevitably meet with loss
and disappointment.

Now all these multifarious operations, and
n.any oth;rf. wbifrli nwi'l.l be ineiiiion -d, can bo
learned and successfully performed, only by the
application of intelligence, observation and ex-
perience. To instruct others in the art of hus-
bandry, requires a fund of knowledge drawn
from actual experience, by the application of
strict attention to all the various operations con-
nected with it, and to the minute details of season,
weather, labor and other circumstances which have
coud)iiied their influence to produce the result.
In connexion with his own experience and obser-
vation, the farmer may derive salutary informa-
tion from the experience of others. But there are
so many causes which operate, either separately
or combined, upon every agricultural experiment,
and so nuuiy circumstances exerting an influ-
ence which tnay vary the result, that l;ut little re-
liance can be placed upon the success or failure of
any one experiment. In order to determine
whether the experiment is adapted to our situation,
we must know the particular kind of soil, its con-
dition and crops, the preparation and jirevious
cultivation. And this is not all. There is no class
of men, who are more immediately dependent on
the dispensations of Providence, and who are com-
pelled, more emphatically, to see and to feel that
dependence, in all their operations, than farmers.
The reward of tlieir labors depends on the season ;
and the state of the weather at particular seasons
of the year, in regard to beat and cold, drought
and moisture, often exerts a decisive and con-
trolling effect upon the success of their efforts;
so that the same course of cultivation upon the
same or similar soils, will, iii different years, pro-
duce different results. The success or failure
often depends upon minute and apparently trivial

range of j -,bable conjecture, but frequently set
at defiance all human calculations.

The cireutnstances which I have alluded, .serve
to show that the farmer's teacher, in his ap])ropri-
atc oecii|)atlnn, ought himself to be an observing
and a practical man. You all know that my
situation and engagements have been such, as to
deprive me of the opportunity of acquiring tliat
degree of knowledge in the various departments
of agriculture, which would qualify me to impart
instruction to those who have devoted their whole
time and attention to a personal superintendence
and direction of their agricultural interests.
Although none of the varied occupations or pur-
suits to which I htue been called, has afforded
me more satisfaction and self-enjoyment than tha
care of my farm, yet my time and attention have
been so nuich absorbed by other avocations and
pursuits, as to forbid my attempting anything
beyond a humble imitation of the best models
placed before me among my fellow citizens, and
m this imitation, I have lacked leisure or indus-
try to note the course pursued and the consequent
results, with such particularity, as to enable me to
deduce conclusions worthy of much regard.

In the early part of my agricultural life, my
attention u as attracted to the culture of wheat,
and.'. i(>u; t.jn of my land I I's eve- ;!;iico •>eer>

annually appropriated to this grain. I will there-
fore occupy your time for the brief space allotted
to me, with a few observations on Ibis subject.

This article constitutes no inconsiderable ingre-
dient in the food of our population. Its consump-
tion has greatly increased within a few veara,
and it will continue to increase with our numbers,
but more especially with the extension of our
manufacturing establishments. It must be sound
policy lor the farmers of New England, to produce,
as far as is practicable, a supply of such articles,
as enter into the consumption of our own inhabit-
ants. We are not favored, like our brethren in
the Southern States, with some great staplei
of production, which we can raise upon terms
more favorable than other countries, and which
we can export, in exchange for a supply of other
necessaries. We raise but few products for a
foreign market, and these, to a very limited ex-
tent. Our market is at home, and our produc-
tions must chiefly be consumed among ourselves.
It is important for us to endeavor to monopolize
this market, so far as we can, by our industry and
skill, produce the articles which the taste and
necessities of the. inhabitants require.

The soil of New England is capable of sustain-
ing a population vastly beyond that which is now
settled on its territory. The State of Massachu-
setts contains a population more dense, than any
other on the Union. If her soil were improved
and cultivated to its utmost limits, the inhabitanta
now dwelling in it, would consume but a small
part of its products. There is no necessity then,
on account of the incapacity of the soil to pro-
duce a supply, that we should import any of the

circumstances, which ore sometimes within the I principal articles of food from other States. The

290

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH as, 1R3D.

only ciucstioii is whether we can raise, iu sufficijnt
quantities, tlie particular i<in(ls, wliicli tlie taste and
wants of the iH'Oi)le denuuid.

As my observations have chiefly been made
along the valley of Connecticut river, so the re-
marks which 1 shall offer nuist be applied to the
place where the observations were made. It
must be left for others to decide, whether they
can have any application to other plaees.

It has, until recently, been a very prevalent
opinion among the farmers of this valley, as well
as in other paVts of the State, that wheat could
not be successfully grown ujion our old lands —
upon those which have long been under cultiva-
tion that a foir crop could be reasonably antici-
pated only ui>on new land, as a first crop after the
clearings off the wood and timber. But this
opinion has been forced to give way under a long
course of successful experiment. The cultiva-
tion of wheat has much increased within a few
years; but we have only begun to yrove llu:
capacity of our soil, iu relation to this grain. Its
culture may be increased to a very great extent.
Almost every fanner has it in his power to raise
it. Some part of almost every farm in this and
the other towns lying between the hills, east and
west of the river, and some parts also in the towns
after you ascend the hills, will i)roduce a good
crop. All that is requisite is a proper preparation
of the soil to receive the seed. This constitutes
the principal difliculty in this branch of husbandry.
In those parts of our country which are compar-
atively new — where the soil has recently been
opened to cultivation, more aljundant crops and
with less labor, may generally be expected, than
from lands which have been subjected to the

pl<"'gl'- e

I believe it may be laid down as an axiom ol
sufficient certainty for all practical puriioscs, that
upon every soil, where this grain could be grown
upon new land, it may, with "an equal jirobability
of success, be grown upon the old land. A con-
siderable portion of our lands, which are of easy
culture, and which, by nature, are well adapted
to wheat, have been iiterally worn out by hard
usage— have been exhausted by along siiccessicm
of scourging crops. A more rational and judi-
cious course of husbandry is practised at the pre-
sent day, and our worn out lands are recruiliiig.
These in their |n-esent condition will not produce
wheat. But may they not be restored to a proper
state? And from the consideration of their con-
dition when formerly producing wheat, have we
not indications of whai is required for their re-
storation ? The ground was then filled with
vegetable manure formed chiefly of the falling
leaves of the forest. On these lands, wheat
grows luxuriantly. Restore the exhausted lands,
as nearly as may be, to the condition in which
they were when the timber was removed, or to a
condition approxiiiiating that state, and will not
the land sustain the same products ? If a soil,
enriched by decayed vegetables, has once given
proof of its adaptation to tiie growth of wheat,
why will not the same soil, if again enriched and
rnlivcncd by similar substances, repeat the evi-
dence of its adaptation to thi« giain ? We have
no reason for suiiposiiig tliat ihc leaves of the
forest are more fertilizing and nutritious tiian
other vegetables. Experience has shown that
vegetable crops, of various kinds, are favorable to
the production of wheat. If o«r exhausted loads
should be enriched by the application of vegetable

crops, and barn manure (for that is chiefly vege-
table) then they would produce wheat as certainly,
and as abuiidantlv, as the first crop after clearing
off the timber. Many of our fields arc so far ex-
hausted, that they cannot suddenly be recruited.
It must be the work of time. But the farmer
may adopt a rotation of crops and pursue a course
of husbandry, by which it will eventually be ac-
complished. And by an annual concentration ot
his improvements to a small portion of his farm,
he will be under no necessity of leaving it .o
another generation to test the capacity of his
exhausted lands for the production of wheat.

A considerable portion of our farms is now in
a state of cultivation full high enough for the
profitable culture of this grain. The soil may be
too rich — the growth may be too luxuriant.
There must be sufiicient nutriment iu the soil to
feed the stalk, and to fill out the grain ; but a soil
moderately rich, and thriving, improving lively
and mellow will generally produce more gram,
than one in a very high state of cultivation. This
plant delights in fresh food, — upon that which is
not so far" decomposed as to have lost its activity,
by lying too long in the soil. I have known an
instance of a soil, by nature light and inclining to
sand, highly enriched by the apjilication of a
large quantity of manure from the distillery, pro-
ducing more than fifty bushels an acre. But this
was in the summer of 1816, when the growth
was retar.led by the cold so as to permit the stalk
to acquire strength and solidity sufiicient to sus-
tain Its own weight, as it advanced towards ma-
turity. With the heat of our ordinary summers,
it would probably have grown so rapidly and so
large, as to have fallen ju-ostrate, and have per-
ished under an excess of nourishment. Every
farmer who has cultivated this grain, must him-
self have witnessed the fact, that where, by acci-
dent or other cause, an undue proportion rf
manure has fallen upon some part of his field,
there will be an excessive grpwth of straw, but
before harvest, it will have fallen to the ground
and the grain will be blasted.

(To l>e continued.)

[Forllie New F.nglanil Fanner.]
THRESHING MACHINE.

To Farmers, a labor-saving threshing machine,
has long been considered a great desideratum.
Threshing with the Flail is so laborious and ex-
pensive, fiiat there is less inducement to grow
large crops of grain.

it gives me much pleasure to announce, that
Mr William Laighton, a very ingenious and
skilful mechanic of this town, has recently invent-
ed a threshing machine, which, I have full confi-
dence will eflVct the desired object. He assures
me that it will thresh, if well tended, over a hun-
dred bushels a day (and a much larger quantity,
could it be constantly suppled, and the straw re-
moved) leaving no grain in the ear or head, and
doing very little injury to the straw. I have care-
fully examined the machine, seen it in operation,
and" entertain no doubt in respect to its great jirac-
lical utility.

Under the belief that the merits of Mr Laighton'.-
invention eclipse those of all prior inventions of
the kind, I will attempt to give a brief description
of his mnchiue, with a view that the public, as well
as a young man of genius may be benefitted. But
inv description must necessarily fall far short

of an ocular view. The latter would, of itseli,
afford conviction, that it will answer the purib6se,
and its construction is very simple. The process
of separating the grain from the car or head.
comes as near to perfection as is necessary.

The machine is made of very solid and dura-
ble materials ; its length 5 feet 9 inches ; width
3 feet ; height 34 feet ; whole weiglit 650 pounds,
—and price $65- Within the frame at one end
near the top is fixed, horizontally, a conical cylin-
der 2 feet 7 inches long, one end of which is 20
inclies, and the other 16 inches in diameter, made
of hard wood, which has 12 ribs wrought upon
it» surface, lined on one side with iron, graduated
to the size of the cylinder. The cylinder turns
upon a steel axis passing through its centre, by
which it is fixed in a case or cradle, the internal
surface of which (a semi-circle) has ribs to cor-
respond and come in action with those of the
cvliuder. By which action, the ears or heads of
the grain are split, the grain falling through grates
(set 'obliquely) towards the centre of the machine,
and going out at one end ; while the straw, falling
also U|)on said grates, is thrown out at the oppo-
site end by a set of winnowing fans, back of the
cylinder.

The machine, put in operation by a horse, and
tended bv two persons, is capable of threshing
grain of all kinds, reaped or mowed. It will
rhresh jicas, beans, &c. Whether it will be use-
ful for Indian corn, I have not formed a very de-
cisive opinion ; but the inventor says he has shell-
ed with it a bushel of corn in 4 minutes although
not designed for the latter purpose.

By turning screws, the ribs of the cylinder and
its case may be brought neariy in contact, or sep-
arated ; being regulated according to the size ol
the grain, &c. to be threshed.

The apparatus by which it is jnit in motion is a
perpendicular shaft, fixed near the centre, from
the top of which extends a small, short sweep, to
which a horse is attached, as at a cider mill. In-
side is a horizontal cast iron bevel wheel 30 in-
ches in diameter (confined to said shaft) which
turns a cast iron pinion or small cog wheel, anc
the latter propels a perpendicular cast iron cof
wheel, 30 inches diameter, on the outside of tht
frame, and this turns a small cast iron cog wheel
the latter propelling a perpendicular wooden bell
or band wheel 39 inches diameter, and the last, b]
means of a band running round it and also a piil
ley, turns the pulley connected with the conica
cylinder.

The winnowing fans are turned round rapidlj;
being connected with the axis of the inner smal
cog wheel. By means of the multiplying wheeli
the shaft is turned with great ease, and th
cylinder with great velocity. So easy, that a ma
may supply the place of a horse for short period
of time.

The inventor says, that " its simplicity is sue
that it can be built, or repaired by most Farmei
at small expense." It is not so liable to get out (
reiiair, as those machines which have teeth, wirf
or springs. And it is so firm and compact thi
it may be easily moved from place to jdace.

In highly recommending this machine to Fal
niers, in the grain-growing sections of the counti^
1 affirm only my own conviction of its great prai

tieal utility.

William Claggett.

PorUmouth, March 17, 1835.

A'OL. XIII. KO. 3}.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

291

INDIAN CORN.

To the Editor of the New Englnnd Farmer.

Sir — Having lieeii oCten requested botli liy
scientific iuiil practical farmers, to ])ul)lisli my
iiictiiod of growiiig Indian Corn, I take the liberty
to offer tu the public, tliroiigli your useful .Tour-
iial, the J\'cw England Farmer, a few practical
Ijiiits to young corn-<;rowers. The reader will
readily perceive, that 1 am more used to handliiis;
tlie plough and hoe than the pen, consequently he
will excuse me, if I should now and then make a
haul/c with the latter. In this, I shall give the
result of my experience, in raising corn on green
sward, so called.

I plough as late, or as near to ])lanting in the
spring as possible, so as to tin-n under as much
growth of green grass, as I possibly can, which
will immediately ferment, and help to decompose
the old fog and sward, which makes the best of
food for the latter growth of the corn. I usually
plough one day, and plant the next, in the follow-
ing manner ; I commence on the further side or
longest way of the field ; after ploughing one day
or so, I cart on to the furrows, and drop in
heaps, at the rate of about twenty ox cart loads of
^'ood compost manure to the acre ; thirtyfive bush- |
ds I call a load: dropped into six heaps the
distance of the cart and oxen apart, each way,
from centre to centre, will about do it. After drop-
ling two rows of heaps, 1 spread the manure as
!ven as possible, then harrow it over twice with a
igbt harrow, then roll with a heavy roller, which
'. consider very important, as the harrow i)artially
noves the tnaunre with the soil, the roller levels
he surface, and presses the manure into the soil,
vhich prevents in a great measure its wasting,
dtber by evaporation or the wind. I then furrow
'ery sljullow, calculating my rows three feet and
I half from centre-to centre ; as sward land should
ilways be worked lengthwise of the furrow, it is
lot necessary to furrow but one way, as all bar-
owing, ploughing, and hoeing the cro|>, should
le done lengthwise, so as not to disturb the sod.
f I iiave a plenty of manure, I then drop into the
iirrow in the hills, about eighteen inches apart, a
mall quantity of manure. In dropping the corn
1 very nice operation) after leveling the manure
Kith my foot, I strew from six to eight kernels
ingthwise of the hill, in nearly a straight line,
taking the hill about ten inches long. The
dvautage of having the corn in a line is, you can
ass with the plough or cultivator, (the latter I
onsider much the best) near the corn, without
isturbiiig it, which I consider very important,
t the first dressing, I pass twice in a row with
le cultivator, taking care to shave close to the
irn each time, then follow with the lioc, and
top around the corn, for tlie purpose of killing
le weeds, and loosening the soil ; taking care not
' draw any earth up. At the second and third
■essing, 1 pass with the cultivator or plough
ithiu about eight inches of the corn, and chop
ith the hoe as before, earthing up a very little,
y about one inch each time ; taking care to thin
It the weakest plants, leaving from four to six

each hill. Immediately after the last dressing
sow about one pound of turnip seed to the acre,
will state some of the advantages of plaining at
e time of ploughing. You make clean v.ork,
3 the old saying is among farmers) by beginning
I the further side of ti:e field, all the carting of
nnure, and passing, will be on the gra.ss, which

easier and better, than passing over ploughed

land. Likewise at that season of the year, cattle
!ire generally weaker than at any other time, there-
fin-e, ploughing, one day, and planting the next,
relieves them very much. Also by planting im-
mediately after ))loughing, the corn will get the
start of the weeds, (larticularly, if it has been
soaked twentyfour hours in a we.'ik sohition of
nitre, and then mixed with ashes, so .as to separate
thely before planting.

I ]>lant the early twelve rowed kind, which J
name the Phinney corn, having first obtained the
seed from E. Phinney, Esq. a first rate farmer in
the town of Lexington, which I consider the best
I ever planted, although I presume I have planted
twenty different kinds, tliat I have received from
different parts of the country. The ears are long,
the kernels we]! set, and the cob better filled out
than any other kind I ever saw. Take two ears
of equal lengths, one a twelve, the other eight
rowed, the twelve rowed ear will contain nearly a
third more shelled corn than the eight. The
stalks are very small and short, particularly the
to|)s ; consequently the ground is not so much
shaded, which is a great advantage to the turnip
crop.

The practice of spreading the manm-e on the
sod, before ploughing, I do not approve of. I
give my reasons : in 1828 or 9, I i)Ianted a field of
about four acres, in the way and manner I have
described, exce))t a strip or band about two rods
wide through tlie middle of the field, on which
I spread the same kind and quantity of manure
before iiloughing, that I did on the other ; and the
after management was the same as the rest of the
field. You could see the difference in the corn,

cut his two tons of hay to the acre, for three or
foiu- years to come; which will more than pay
him for the trouble of reading this and trying the
expirimcnt. Daniel Chandler.

B , Jilarch IClh, 1S35.

N. B. If you [daiit fallow ground, either spread
the manure on the furrows, or harrow it in, or
put the corn muler the dung. D. C.

in every stage of its growth. Come to harvesting,
the ears were not so large nor so well filled out.
The next spring I sowed the field down to grass
without disturbing the sod ; the seed took well,
and I had a fine crop for several years after. For
two or three years after, the grass vv'as smaller on
the strij) where the manure was ploughed in, after
which you could not perceive much difference in
the crop. The experiment led me to observe
more particularly the difference between spreading
manure on or near the surface, or burying it deep.
I am aware that it is said by some, and some very
good practical farmers, too, that you cannot bury
animal manure ; that the gases will always rise to
the surface, which I will admit they do in some
measure ; but the juices, the most important part,
which way do they go ? up or down? I say
down ; and a good ways down, in some soils.
For instance, where a large heap of manure lies
over winter in the field, after moving the same in
the spring, if you take it U|), and then manage the
spot the same as other parts of the field, without
ploughing or putting on any manure, you will
have a large crop. On the other hand, if you
plough the spot deep, after moving the heap of
manure, the crop will be small, comparatively
speaking, tmless you manure the same as you do
other parts of the field.

Now, Mr Editor, if any of your .subscribers will
try my method of raising Indian corn, with a
good kind of seed, on a tolerable good soil, and
manage the whole process skilfully, in a good
husbandlike manner, and the season should be as
fiivorable as the hist was, if he don't rai.se from 75
to 100 bushels of corn to the acre, and 200 bushels
of turnips, besides pum|ikins and beans if he
plants them, I will tell him how to make compost
and manage his field ncit season, so that he can

Turkey Track.s. — A slab of red sandstone was
pointed cut to us the other day, which had im-
pressed upon it to the depth of about Iialf on
inch, four imkiitations, bearing a precise resem-
blance to the tracks of a turkey. The correspond-
ing upper slab was .-ilso shown us, which also
bore fiiur tracks standing out from the surface,
and which evidently had fitted in to the indenta,
tions of its in.ite with the utmost accuracy. The
fair inference was-, that two antediluvian turkeys
or other birds of similar structure, had raced over
this stone at some period in one of the earliest of
the long ages which were consiuned in iis deposi-
tion and consolidation ; thus leaving a trace
which remained iiiiiiijuied while the whole earth's
poles were unfixed, and continents were buried
in the tide.

The slabs we have been describing were found
at Montague, two or three miles this side of Sun-
derland, on the bank of Connecticut River, a
hnndrcd feet above the water.

Indications of the kind above mentioned arp
Ibund quite often in the new red sandstone forma-
tions extending through that part of the valley of
the Connecticut River which lies between New
Haven and the north line of Massachusetts. Fos-
sil plants have been found in if, according to
Hitchcock, at Hadley, at Sunderland, at Hoyt's
quarries in Deerfield, and a few rods south of the
County jail in this town.

About thirteen years since, the bones of a ver-
tebral animal, aboutfive feet long, were discovered
imbedded in the thickness of eighteen feet of sand-
stone, at East Windsor, in Connecticut. The
remains of fish have been discovered in the shale
on the banks of the Connecticut at West Spring-
field, Deerfield and Sunderland. Sunderland 19
the only place where they can still be procured,
and there are found in vast quantities. These fish
are such as dwelt neither in lakes, rivers, nor
fresh water ; but such as are only found in tropical
oceans.

The same remarkable fact holds true as to the
vegetable fossil remains discovered at Westfield,
&c. All go to prove, in the language of the dis-
tinguished author of the Massachusetts Geological
Report, that "this delightful valley, which now
forms .so cheering a resilience for man, once con-
stituted, and for an immense period, the bottom of
a tropical ocean, where gigantic Gorgonete, cer-
tainly ten, and perhaps tv/enty feet high, formed
coral groves, and Fiicoida; more numerous, flour-
ished."— Franklin Mercury.

Medical Prize Qdestion. — The Medical

Society of the state of New York at its recent
meeting, adopted the following as its prize ques-
tion, for tho current year: — The ivfluence of
trades, professions, and oceupations, in the United
Stales, in the production of disease. A premium
of $50 is offered for the best Dissertation, to b<i
aeut in by the Isl December, 1835.

292

xVEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 35, lg35.

trjsss j&^am^a

[From Ihe New York Farmer.]
ON STOCK POK THE DAIRY.

Live stock, including horses, neat cattle, slieop,
Tind swine, is as important a subject as any to
which the farmer's attention can be directed.
That there are distinct breeds of various and pe-
riiliar properties, whicl) render them adapted to
the different jjurposcs of labor and food ; that
all of them under proper management, are sus-
ceptible of improvement; that by judicious cross-
ing, comparatively new breeds may be formed,
certain desirable properties be extended, increased
and propagated, and wliat we deem defects or
faults, remedied or entirely abolished, arc points so
well established in resjject to all the animal crea-
tion, so entirely confirmed by experiments within
the kno\vle<lge of every man who has any preten-
sions to intelligence, that it would be idle to waste
one word iu attempting to establish thcni. That
like tends to produce like, and that physical, in-
tellectual, and moral qualities are transmitted
from the sire to his ofl'spring, are among those es-
tablished laws of nature which common observa-
tion ascertained long before science attempted to
explore, and teach their wide and universal oper-
ation ; or experiment, with unhesitating confidence
venturerl practically to apply them.

The farmer who disdains or neglects these es-
tablished truths, or who fails to act upon them, let
the sphere of his operations be as humble as it
may be, is blind to his true interest, and can lay
no claims to his rank among the class of careful
and intelligent husbandmen. The attemiits and
generous efforts, therefore, of those public spirited
men who have sought to avail themselves of the
long experience and extraordinary advances of
older countries in the improvement of their do-
mestic animals, and with the most praiseworthy
liberality to spread these advantages among us, en-
title them to high regard, and justly place them
among the benefactors of the community.

It is with these views, with sentiments of grati-
tude and respect, that I have regarded the liberal,
and in many cases the entirely disinterested exer-
tions and expenditures of gentlemen in various
parts of our country, to introiluce the best breeds
of neat cattle from abroad, and to extend their ad-
vantages as widely as possible ; and it is with in-
effable contempt and disdain that 1 hear the sneers
wiiicli the malignant, narrow-minded, and ill-bred,
cast upon such patriotic services, and to which I
am sometimes impelled to listen. It cannot, how-
ever, be demanded, that we should hail every in-
novation as an improvement, or that we should
admit without ample inquiry, and the severe test
of actual experiment, and exact comparison, that
the introduction of any fonign breed of animals,
with a view to jiropagalion must be an advantage.
This is a question of fair discussion, and one
which is to be settled, not by any imaginary or con-
jectural standard — not by theories, however plaus-
ible— not by mere guesses, or vague reports, un-
attested by competent authority ; but by direct
oxamination, — by simple, uutlicnticated, and in-
controvertible facts.

From the first time I ever saw one of the fine
animals of the Improved Durham Short Horns, I
have been an admirer of this beautiful race, not
only for the synunetry of form wl)ich they pre-
sent, but for the wonderful success which has fol-
lowed the skill, perseverance, and enterprise of

those breeders, who have Ijoldly attcmiited to fornj
and propagate a race of animals after their own
bfcm ideal of excellence. It has been my good
fortune to see many of the choicest specimens of
this noble race which have been brought into the
country, and of those which have been pro]>agat-
e<l from them since their arrival, at the cattle
shows at Brighton, Worcester, and Albany ; in
the establishments of private individuals — at Sa-
lem, in the possession of E, H. Derby, Esq. to
whose care were entrusted the magnificent ani-
mals, Admiral, and Flora, sent as a present to the
country by Sir Isaac Coflin, whose munificence is
above all praise ; at Col. Jacques', iu Charlestown,
who had in his possession Coelebs, and the nuuch-
less hull Bolivar ; at the late Mr Williams', in
Chelsea, who had a numerous herd of them ; at
Hon. ,Tohn Welles', in Dorchester, who ]uid a sev-
eral valuable cows ; at Gov. Lincoln's in Worces-
ter, who was justly proud of Denton's progeny ;
at James D'Wolf 's, Esq. in Bristol, whose cows
with their deep udders were magnificent ; at Hen-
ry Watson's, Esq., in Windsor, where I had the
pleasure of seeing the celebrated bull, Wye-Com-
et ; at Charles H. Hall's, Esq. in Harlffim, whose
Short Horns, and whose Devons, a present from
the fine stock of Mr Coke, contended for the palm
of excellence ; at Powelton, at the establishment
of the most liberal importer and most devoted ad-
vocate of this fine race, whose admirable animals
were a perfect justification of the enthusiasm
with which he regarded them ; at Albany, whtre
liesides various fine specimens of the stock from
different individuals, (whose names, as 1 saw their
animals, but not their owners, only at a |)ublic
show, I shall be pardoned for not remembering,)
I had the gratification of seeing Mr Van Rensse-
laer's extraordinary bull of two years old, and Mr
C. N. Bement's imported cow, whose superior in
promise and general appearance I have never yet
seen ; at Messrs Percy's and Rogers', at Iloosic,
N. Y. whose stock is admirable, and have been
managed with great care ; and at Hyde Park, at
the noble establishment of Dr Hosaek, where
without question, judging from the actual inspec-
tion of their yield of tuilk, as well as their general
api)earance, 1 found the most nmnerous and finest
lamily of Sfiort Horn cows that I have seen,
or which, indeed, I ever expect to see ; and a bull
whose splendid form gave him a just right to pre-
side over such a seraglio.

Greatly, howover, as these opportunities have
contributed to my personal gratification, I shall
not assume the character of a practised, or in any
measure a competent judge. I hold myself as
no other than a plain inquirer after truth ; much
as I have admired their appearance, and delight-
ed as I have been with the encomiums which I
have heard ])assed upon them, and not doubting
in any case that great advantages are to result
from their introduction into the country, — if no
other, the great one of seeing what can be done
in such cases by human skill aiul perseverance, —
still I wait anxiously for more facts before I nuike
up my judgment as to the extent of these advan-
tages, and in what particular respects these advan-
tages are to be found. I am aware that I am ap-
proaching an exciting subject ; I recollect with
sorrow the angry collision into which two highly
respectable gentlemen were brought on this very
matter, and the fear of kindling again in others
these slumbering, may I not rather hope, these
extinguished fires, has long deterred nie from en-

tering Upon it. I shall not willingly, however,
provoke hostility ! I shall engage in no contro-
versy. If there must be contention among the
short horns and the long horns, let the cattle settle
it among themselves. 1 go into the field unarm-
ed, and as a non-combatant.

There are various points yet to be settled in re-
spect to these cattle. Their early maturity, a most
valuable property, seems to be determined. That
they are great consiuuers is equally admitted.
Their general tendency to keep themselves in
high condition is not so well settled. In Brighton
market they do not sell so well as our native stock,
because, as it is believed there, (I have it from the
highest authority,) they do. not prove as well, —
that is, do not have so much tallow. It is obvious
they can have had but few samples for trial, and
those not })erhaps of the best kind ; there must have
been very few indeed if any, of the pure blood.
But a matter which I deem of great importance,
especially to the northern section of the couutrj',
is whether they are |)rcft'rable to stock ah-eady to
be Ibimd among us for dairy |)in'poses. Here it is
we want facts ; exact, authentic, and well estab-
lished statements of the quantity and quality of
their milk ; how much milk has been obtained
from them ; how many pounds ; how many
quarts ; whether beer or wine measure ; how
much butter and how much cheese has been ob-
tained from them in a given time ; and how at
such times they have been managed and fed :
and as, iu such a case as this, the public advantage
ought to be oiu- only object, and the truth must in
the end be equally ini])ortant to all, we respect-
fully ask gentlemen, who possess these fine ani-
mals, to make these experiments and examinations
and fully report them; that if it should appear
they are as valuable for dairy pur|)oses as has been
represented, the agricultural public may know
what a blessing is within their reach ; but if it
should be found that they are not so productive as
animals which have long been possessed among
us, we may be induced to further, by more ju-
dicious selection, and more faithful and liberal
keeping, the improvement of our own native
stock.

The only decisive experiment, which has come
within my knowledge, is that of a cow, called
Belina, owned by John H. Powell, Esq., Phila-
delphia, from whose milk, in three days in May,
1827, eight pounds thirteen ounces of butter were
obtained, which would be equal to twenty and
one half pounds per week. This is an extraor.
dinary yield, Vmt it will be perceived that it waf
a very short trial, and that it was only an individ-
ual example. It were greatly to be wished tha'
this public spirited gentleman had given the pub
lie further results of the same cow, and like-
wise the results of similar experiments wit!
others of bis noble animals. My own experl
cnce with this stock has been singularly unfor
timate. I have bad seven of them, sotne ful
blooded and others half blooded, from Ccelebs
Admiral, and Denton ; and, for the quantity an.
quality of their milk, they have been very infe
rior, I had almost said worthless, even under ever,
advantage of keeping and attention. I by n
means, however, consider my own experienc
as conclusive; as I know some who have bee
more fortunate, and I am myself dntenniue
upon further trials.

In the absence of this desirable infonnatio
respecting the produce of the improved Durhw

vot. xm. NO. 3r.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

293

short hours, I sliall undertake to ijive some exam-
ples of tlie produce of our native stock, which are
well vouched, a^id many of which have come
imder my own ohservation. They may serve at
least as matter of entertainment, if not of useful
instruction.
1. A cow owned by ('. Oakes, Dauvers, Mass.,

1816.

In 1813, made ISO Ihs. butter.

1814, " 300 "

1815, " over 400 " "

1816, " 484i " "
In one week this cow produced 19^ lbs. but-
ter, and averaged sixteen pounds per week
for more than three montlis.

2. A cow owned by Nomse, Salem, Mass.,

1824, and afterwards by Col. Pickering.

This cow made upwards of twenty pounds
one week, and averaged over fourteen pounds
per week for four months.

3. Cow Wheeler, Framinghaui, Ms., 1821.

Eleven ])ounds butter in one week. 13
beer quarts at one milking.

4. Cow — N. Sanderson, Wallham, Mass., 1828.

Thirteen and one half pounds butter per
week through the season,, on an average.

5. Cow — John Barre, Salem, Blass., 1823.

Average yield lor two hundred and sixty
eight days, 10} beer quarts per day.

6. Cow — .John Stone, Marblehead, Mass., 1823.

From June to October, averaged eleven
pounds of butter per week.

7. Cow — Luke Fiske, Waltham, Mass., 1824.

Made 12 pounds butter p> r week.

8. Cow — Geo. H. Hardy, Waltham, Mass., 1S2G.

Average, for four months, eleven pounds
and three quarters per week.

9. Cow — Rev. Jno. White, Dedham, Mass., 1826.

Gave 12 pounds butter six weeks in .suc-
cession— one week 12 lbs. 13 oz. — 3 months
averaged 10| lbs. per week — gave 18 qts. milk
per day at times.

10. Cow — N. Pierce, Salem, Mass., 1826.

3,528 qts. milk per year — nearly 10 qts.
per day.

11. Cow — Jas. Robbins, Watertown, Mass., 1827.

May and June, from 10 to 13 lbs. butter i
per week.

12. Cow — Ralph Haskins, Dorchester, Mass., 1827.

18 qts. per day — average 14 to 15 qts. Be-
fore grass feed in April, the cream of two
days made 2| lbs. butter, and was made from
2 1-16 qts. of cream. Two or three minutes
in churning.

13. Two cows — Rev. John Phenix, Chicopee,
. Mass., 1828.

For several weeks averaged 20 lbs. per
week, besides what milk and cream were
used in the family.

14. Cow — E. Harris, Moorestown, N. J., 1829.

32 qts. per day — supposed wine qts. —
feed, good pasturage.

15. Cow — Jeremiah Stickney, Rowley, Ms.. 1829.

19 qts. daily — calf, at six weeks old, 196 lbs.
gain 2 3-7 lbs. per day.

16. Cow — W. Chase, Somerset, R. I., 1831.

Most of the season 20 qts. of milk daily —
averaged nearly 14 lbs. of butter per week
during the season — 120 lbs. made in ten
weeks.

17. Cow — Israel Graves, Northampton, IWass. 1830.

Four years old — one week, 13 lbs. 9 oz.
butter.

18

20.

21

Cow — Isaac Osgood, Andovcr. Mass., 1831.

17 quarts milk ])er day — 50 lbs. butter in
the month of June.
19. C^w — L. Ilosmer, Bedford, Mass., 1830.
14 lbs. of butter per week.
Heifer — 2-3 years old — L. Ilasseltine, Haver-
hill, Mass.

14 lbs. of butter one week — 18d lbs. in lOi
days.
Cow — Saml. Noah, Danvers, Mass., 1831.

In 148 days from 2d May, gave .5873
gallons milk — more than four gallons per day
beer measure.

Cow — Timothy Flanders, Haverhill, Mass.
1832.

From 20th April to 22d Sept., besides 46i
gallons milk for flimily use, made 163 lbs. 4
oz. butter.
Four cows — Jesse Putnam, Danvers, Mass.,
1830.

Averaged more than 200 lbs. butter each
in the season — highly fed.
Six cows — J. Curtis, Marblehead, Mass., 1830.
Average over 181 lbs. butter each, without
extra feed.
Cow — S. Sergeant, Stockbridgc, Mass., 1831,
From 8th April, 1828, 321 days, 381 lbs. 6 oz.

23

24

25.

16th
5th

1829, 284

1830, 306

298 lbs. 1 oz.
318 lbs. 10 oz

911 days, 943 lbs. 1 oz.

The above is exclusive of 25 lbs. 9 oz.

made while fattening 3 calves, and furnishing

a family of four persons with milk and

cream.

26. Cow— ^W. Dickinson, Deerfield, Mass., 1830.
One week, 14 lbs. — first eight weeks after

calf was taken away, made 96 lbs. Six
quarts of inilk made one pound of butter.

27. Cow — H. G. Newcomb, Greenfield, Mass.,
1830.

From March 27th to fllay 25lh, made 100
pounds of butter, and reserved 160 qts. of
milk.

In 14 days, made 29 3-16 lbs. of butter.

28. Cow— D. Wait, Greenfield, Mass., 1830.
In one fortnight made 25 lbs. of butter.
In May, 1832, she produced in one week

15J lbs. of butter. Average daily weight of
milk, 37 lbs. Measured one day 26 beer
quarts.

29. Two Cows Hart. Shelburne, Mass, 1834.

Besides milk and butter used for a family

of 3 persons, they sold from these two cows
last season upwards of 400 lbs. butter — feed,
grass only. In June, she made in one week
23 lbs. — one week 25 lbs. — one week 28 lbs.

80. Cow Barrett, Northampton, Mass., 1830.

This cow milked, for one fortnight, every
eight hours — at each milking has yielded a
pailfid holding ten quarts — the weight of
the milk averaging daily 49i lbs. Her n)ilk
has yielded daily 2 lbs. 5 oz. butter — making
32 lbs. 6 oz. in 14 days. * From one milking
alone 1 lb. 6 oz. were made, which will sive
4 lbs. 2 oz. of butter in one day fromone
cow — the butter was of a superior quality,
and brought a high price in this market.-^

JVorthampton Courier, March, 1833.

31. Cow owned in New-London, Conn., yielded
10 quarts milk per day for 14 successive
months.
For the 30th example I have only the authority

quoted, which I have no leason to doubt. Most
of the others have been authenticated under oath :
and inost of the cows and owners I have seen.

I have already, Mr Editor, extended this com-
munication to an inordiiuitc length. I shall leave
it for the prcscut, without farther comment; and
only add, in behalf of inysnlf and the whole ag-
ricultural public, that the respected and liberal
gentlemen, owners of the improved Durhain stock
will confer a great obligation, and add to their pa-
triotic services, if they will favor the public with
as exact and fidl statements, from tlioir own actual
experiments, of the dairy produce of their beauti-
ful and valuable animals. H. C.

Mtadowbanlcs, Gth Feb. 1835.

American Stone — a newly discovered Ce-
ment— Longinus never made a truer remark than
when he said a " democracy was the cradh; of
science." The unfltittered mind, expanding to its
utmost power of extension, under free laws and
institutions, developes powers that lie dormant and
repressed beneath the chains of a monarchy and
despotism. Discoveries and inventions are cVe-
ated in the combinations of thought, which seem
almost magical and supernatural compared with
the results of intellectual operations in govern-
ments of tbire. Our own country has demon-
strated the truth of these remarks in her Franklin,
her Fulton, Whitney, and many others, and in the
astonishing rapidity with which she has applied
and im])rovod upon almost every useful art.

We now come to record another remarkable
invention, which has before been slightly alluded
to, but of which we can now, from olu- own per-
sonal observation of the specimens, and from fur-
ther information obta4ited from the inventor, spe.nk
in more j)ositive terms. Mr Obadiah Parker, a
native of New Hampshire, and for many years
past a respectable resident in Onondaga county,
in our state, and now in this city, has, after
numerous experiments, discovered a composition
stucco or cement — which from a state of liquid
mortar, hardens in a few days — say eight or ten.
into a solid substance or stone as impenetrable
almost as granite, and susceptible of a beautiful
polish. It is, apparently, chiefly of a calcareous
nature, or like the hardest kind of marble. Any
color may be given to it ; and it not only defies,
but actually acquires greater density and solidity,
and less brittlencss, under the changes of the at-
mosphere. He has obtained a series of patents

and at Catskill, recently built, as a specimen, the
wall of a small edifice eight feet high, which in
eight days — recalling to mind the fable of Medu-
sa, was perfectly petrified with its doors, windows,
&c., all of which is testified to by the owner to
us personally, and by the certificates of the judges
of the county and the principal citizens of the
l)lace. It is impossible to foresee the consequences
of such a discovery. It surpasses, without doubt,
all other cements ; and the material is so cheap,
that entire houses, of any shape or dimensions,
fortifications, canals, aqueducts, &c., may be thug
built up in a few days, which would utterly super-
sede brick and stone, and effect a complete revo-
lution in architecture. What will not art yet
imitate and accomplish .= — J\t. Y. Star.

One cubic foot of forged iron weighs 547

pounds ; which is 6 pounds to 19 square inches

3 square inches weigh almost a pound.

291

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

niARcii as, IS35.

I^SgW ^S-/^l£>ASra> 22'ASiS2Jliaa

IJOSTON, \VED.\ESDAY EVENING, MARCH 23, 18Sa.

'■ O.v Sto( K FOR THE Daiuy, BY 11. C — AVe liavp, in
l!ic present [inper, re-publislied from tlie iN'. Y. Farmer
an cxcellont article, headed as al)ove. To this we invite
tlie attention, not only of every one who is a fanner by
vocation, but of every individual who considers himself
PS having a i;o!K'ern in tiie i)rcsi)erity of his country,
and the welfare til" mankind ; wliicli are intimatel}' con-
nected with tlie advancement of that art, which fur-
nishes the materials fur all that stamps value on sublu-
nary existence.

It is well for tlie interests of Agriculture, that the
author of the article alluded to, is possessed of every
requisite advantage for prosecuting his pursuits as a
cultivator, and of benefitting mankind with clear and
accurate statenients of the results, not only of his in*
tjniiies, but also oClus experiments. All the avenues of
information nre open to H. C. He is apriietkal as well
as a scientific farmer, and his zeal for improvemcnl in
every branch of ruial economy is as enlightened as it is
ardent and unremitting. It is a happy circumstance
tliat H. C. is not in the predicament of the unknown
worthies, celebrated by the poet, who would have been
eminent,

" But Knowledge to their eyes her ample page
Rich with the spoils of time, did ne'er unroll ;

Chill Prnuri/ repressed their noble rage.
And froze the genial current of the soul."

We leain that H. C. possesses a large agricullural
library, a fine farm, and every other advantage for con-
stituting as well a practical and experimental as a
scientific cultivator. These, together with the ability
and disposition to avail himself of such means, cannot
tail to render him highly distinguished as an agricultu-
rist, whose eminence has utility for its basis ; the most
desirable, if not the only foundation for distinction,
which can be wislied for by a real philanthropist.
There are seven! other well written and useful articles
in the last number of tlie N. Y. Farmer, from the same
pen, which we shall from time to time lay before our
readers.

Different sorts of Walsuts. — A correspondent,
whom wc are solicitous to oblige, wishes " to learn if
there is any certain rule by which the true Shell Bark
or Hickory nut tree, while young, can be distinguished
from the I'ig or Bilter Walnut tree. The occasion is, I
have about fourteen acres of young growth of the wal-
nut tree kind, and wish to transplant the Shell Bark
kind for fruit, and do not know them apart in tlie grove "
He wisliis. therefore, for " the rule to distinguisli the
two kinds of trees, when young, if any rule exists."

Authors differ very widely in tlieir descriptions of
this genus of trees. Loudon, in his Kncyclopedia of
' Gardening, treats of but one kind— the English Walnut,
of which he mentions several varieties. The Farmers'
Assistant asserts, that •' there are but four species of
tliis tree in this country, which are indigenous. The
enumeration of these, by M. do Witt, which is believed
to be the only correct one, is as follows: Tlie bl.ick
wilnul (Jiigliins nigra), thKbaHetnul(Jug!(wseincrca).
the Illinois nut ('/«i,''/aftSo//»(i'/urm/,s-J, of eachof v.'hicli
there are no varieties, an<l tlie hickory nut (Jui'liiiis
«.///rtJ, of which there are several varieties, ^ch as the
liliag bark, the smooth bark, iVc. The nuls of the three
Jirst mentioned, and of the shag bark, are good ; some
of the varieties of the smooth bark are tolerable, and
tome are bitter."

Michaux's Treatise on the Forest Trees of North
America enumerates many more varieties of the walnut,
with descriptions too long for our insertion ; and such,
we apprehend, as would not enable our correspondent
to distinguish the diiTcrent variet.es in young trees ol'
tliat genus. Sweet's Ilyrtus Britlanicus very much
enlarges the list, and gives us five varieties of the wal-
nut tree, and twelve varieties of the hickory nut. i'ut
his descriptions, we fear, would furnish our friend with
but little information, which could enable him to select
such young walnut trees as would prove most pro]ier
and profitable for transplanting. Still, we will quote
his distinctive terms, as given in Knglish, which will
seiveas a sample of the infinite diversity, as well as
utility, of Nature's productions.

Under the head Walnut Tree, we have the common,
double fruited, black, shell bark, cathartic [butternut],
ash-leaved, and wing-fruited. Then under the head
Hickory nut are given. Pecan nut, narrow leaved, shell
bark, shag bark, mocker nut, large-fruited, pubescent,
small-fruited, bitter nut, pig nut, smooth-leaved, water,
and entire-leaved. Thus, in.stead of Mr de Witt's four
species of the walnut, \ie have Mr Sweet's seventeen
varieties of the Juglans or walnut genus. We have,
however, never seen half as many varieties ; but always
have supposed that the fruit and timber of that which had
a rough or shaggy bark was the most valuable for culti-
vatK n, and that the roughness of the bark presented a suf-
ficient criterion for distinguishingbetween those sorts that
are, and are not, to be recommended for cultivation.

O.N THE Culture of Indian Cous. — Mr Chandler's
article on this subject, given in this day's paper, is a
valuable present to the agricultural community. His
directions are founded on actual and often repeated
experiments, and of course may be relied on ; and
sIiDuld be rules of practice by every farmer who wishes
to make the most of his land and his labor.

[Fortllu New EniiliHid t'arint-r.]

Mr Fessenden — If you lliink llie following slati;-
inent of facts will cnrii:li your weekly paper, and place
in every farmer's reach an additional luxury, I shall look
for il in your next number.

In consequence of a suggestion dropped in my hear-
ing by an ehlerly farmer's wife, I took a quantity of
string beans from the poles, last siimini'r, (the Agricultu-
ral,) prepared them entirely for the pot, spread them on
a large table-leaf in the sun, and dried them precisely as
apples are dried. When perficlly divested of moisture,
tliey rattled like nut-shells, and excited no small degree
of ridicule. I bore it quite pliilosopliically, and laid
the supposed treasure aside for winier. In February, I
ordered a handful put into water at night, to be kept
warm till the ni:xt day, dropping into them a little pearl
ash. The next daf 1 lound them ^rfcn and swollen al-
most to their size on the pole. They were boiled tlirec!
hours, and tasted almost as if taken fresh from the gar-
den. 1 had so pleasant a dish of iliem today, that I
wished it possible for you, sir, to have shared the luxury
with inc.

I'ermit me to say, aeamin would find thrni no less,
and ! believe more valuable on long voyages, than dried
apph.'S, and llin process of drying is the same.

LcncasUr, March 12, 1835. Sekex.

SiiiNr.LK Maciiise. — Charles Stearns, Esq. ofSpring-
field, M.ass. has a shingle machine which, willi one
horse, will cut and shave sixttj in a minute. Mr S. has
obtained a patent right for making and .vending the
same.

BiiCKiHORN Heiioes. — lu OUT advertising columns
may be seen a notice that the plants of the Buckthorn,
grown by E. H. Derby, Esq. may be t^d by application
to the publitiier of the ^ew England Farmer. We are
glud to perceive this, as it is well known that the Buck-
thorn is, in every particular, as a material for hedges,
superior to any shrub or tree which has ever been need
for this purpose.

MASS. HORTICULTURAI, SOCIETY.

Patiird.iy, Marcli 14.

Bouquet from Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard;
Camellia myrtifolia, do. atrorubens, do. Midleinist's red,
Illicium floridanum, Vcnello Tea Rose, Blush do. do.
Undulate Rose, Sanguinea do. Azalea phcenicia, do.
indica albo, do. do. purpurea. Iris sinensia. Cineraria
elegans. Pelargonium Miss Maitland, do. graveolens,
Correa alba, Polyanthus of sorts, Cyclemon persicum.

Bouquet, from Mr Sweetser, Cambridge Port : Phlo-
mis fruticosa, Peonia moutan. Cyclamen persicUm, Iris
sinensis, IXubus rosafolius, Iberis purpurea, Enpatorium
speciosum, Alonsii speciosa. Viburnum tinus. Cineraria
elegans. Verbena aubletia, varieties of Palargoniuras
and Hyacinth.

From Eben. Putnam of Salem, a fine specimen of the

new yellow Noisette Rose.

IVIarth 21.

From Messrs Winship,Lady Bank's white evergreen

rnultiflorii rose, new, superb, and thornless ; a climber.

Double Yellow Banksian, or yellow evergreen multiflo-

ra Rose, a climber ; from a friend's conservatory.

By order of the Committee.

JOiNA. WINSHIP, Chairman.

ITEMS.

Great 0.\en. — Col. Timothy Cowlesof Farmington,
Ct. sold recently in New York, a yoke of oxen that
weigiied on the hoof 5490 pounds, at about ^10 per cwt.
— IVoitJicld Journal.

Weather in Georgia. — The Southern Spy, a newsr
paper printed in Washington, Wilkes county, Georgia,
dated March lOtli. observes that "The farmers of the
country will be greatly retarded in their agricultural
opiralions: il has heretofore been the cnstum to com-
inenc e liic planting of corn by this lime of the year,,
but in all probability several days will yet elapse, ere!
the ground becomes in a condition to receive it. The
crops of wheat and oats, &c. we think will be verjr
short.

Geomicv. — A paragraph in the French journals,
tlioiigli not siifiieiently explicit to admit of our full un-
derstaniling of tlie case, appe ira to describe a matter of
considerable gcograjihical interest — namely, the discov-
ery in a sand pit, near Chateaudiin, of a petriliiction re-
sembling the top of a palmtree, about S^ feet in length,
and 1^ in girth at the base, v. Innce itgr;idu;il!y tapers to
the other pwi — altogetlier resembling a club. The wood
is almost as sonorous as bell-metal ; and iA the same pit
are found petrified hones of animals, and shells, belong-
ing, it is said, both to liver and sea formations.

Walking upon Water. — " Le Volenr" quotesa par-
agraph from a German paper, which states that a
Swedish fisherman has made several experiments with
complete success, of walking upon the water, which he
does with as much ease as upon land, by means of slight
thin shoes. These shoes are made in tlie shajie of a
small canoe, and are attached together, so that they can
only be separated so fir as to ensure the power of walk-
ing with ease.

A Western Editor says of a contempcrary, that he
'■ drinks so much beer, that he turns sour every time it
thunders."

VOL. Xm. 5,0. 37.

AND G A R D E N E R ' S JOURNAL

GRAPE VIKES.

A frw h.in.lre.l prii.u. IsMhella a„.l U;ilawl,a Grnpo \Un-
.li>NATHAN U.,vtE, Miiikel Sirurl, Lyn.].

fur shI
raarcii '25.

41

GOOSEBERRY BUSHES.

ofllm.L^iv';""; ■^'■"'o",' ''"V"'' '■'■•■'"""■'' " fi"ecoller>i„„

mnrcli 2o.

AGBMCY IN CONCORD, N. H.

hml's '■.'l\"' .'S'TT ''^" ^"'^P''-' "'" ''e''"''>' "f ""^ Now Entr-

wari-a„le,l, Ucmg r.,ised in gardes counecled will, ll.c- above
csta|}li.-)nnieiit.
Concord, N. H. March 24, IS.IS.

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

fr^n7\"'i" '" ^"'■'■'"'5'" "" ""- I'rnshliill lurnpiko, l«o miles
fron hovl.ur.v slrecl, ccnla,.,,,,^ l(i acres ol exccllcn. l.„„l
wilha mn„.,o„ l,„u„. I.nrin house. l«o harns an.l oulhousos
Uiereon h.v,„g a ^.ard«, 0/ one acre co.,iai„i„g:valual.|e Iru.is
&-C. 1 he sMualuiii ,s unrivalled, coinmandins a niosl exle.i-
sive prospect 0/ ihe harbor and ol llie couuiry hack

The houses are in complele repair and Ihc whole farm under
a good siole ol culhvalion, wilh a goo.l orchard of exc. Hem

wllVpMMr-Vrr "r'4?,-'''""'"'' '"I"''" '"' "''■^■^" '-"T
prcl^se's ""sofr-cc^or JOsilAH WILSON on iho

. 7' ^'i ',n ,""■ ""= ''■''"'''' P'3<"f ''^ '">l sold at private sale
belore ihe lOih of A|.r,l, it wdl d.cn be let lor one ^ear

FOR SALE BY AUCTION

On the above premises, on Ihe ISUi day of April the rnrni
ure Stock and Karminj U.ens.ls, bong nead^ "v aT.d
math 18.' P"'°" ^°'"= '""' ""^ -""'^y for the^umn.cr

PRUIT TREES,
':;- ;,;i ORSfAMENTAL TREES, 1»LANTS, &c.

-&>!*« ^URSKRY of VVII.LIAIM KE\RI(K, in
I-firrTT "^ '••"■■''"",• '^''.f- 54 miles from Boston Inj the
n>Mu n A, ame, and i a ,mU f, nm the H orcntcr Kail Roud

Pe , Ti^T' ■■ In i'" '';^!"''" "'" .'"""■"' '''■"'^ "•" '"^'^«- '■•''•'"i»i'

An c.r Tl '^Pi;''-*' Clicrru's. Peaches, Plums, iNeclarines,
Apricls Almonds, Uunices, Cirape Vmes, Currants Kasu-
bernes. Gnosvberries and ,Mnll,e,ries. including t le C. ne 1=
Mulberry orMoKus Mu l.Tic >n ,.,s, Sirawberriel, >Vs &c-

■I'ree '"nd .■;;'", ""; '"' '■■"'"'"•■^ ^""""- ■'•he'or^a'n.etnal
m„s I, ,,1 "'"'"'' "-""'Pr'^c one thousand varieties, the
ostbcantilul known ; these include Horse Chesnuts, WVep'
11^' U.ll.ms.talalpas, Alonntai., Ash, Ailanthus or Tn e 1
Snm ba'lK ;''' '-^^'' --^i'^'^^ F irs, Venetian.-umach, Allheas
h", V Ho »' "'""Truckles. &c -Superb China and

"il^iM^Se'?;:;:^^^" "^'""''"'^ '■'"■"^' i'.onn.,and
A.ldress to \\ m. Kknrick, iVewton, Mass. Trees and
lanls, when ordered, are selected and labelled with due pre

4 1 , "" P, '"'"' \" "■''■ ''•'^'"■•^Porlation to lioston sratls
N0I 5"rt%.''^ ",'";/'f'- ^ l*^««^^", at his Seed Store
Nos Jl 4. oi, ^orth .Market street, Poston, who is A-enI wil

amdicadm,'.""'"" ""'' '"""""' "' -'-^'^'"S"" 5->iCon

lU.OOO /Vac/, rz-c^.-Genilcmen who may be desirous. of
lormniff extensive orchards of ihe Peach treefn the vicim" „
our rail roads, lor the supply of Ihe Boston market, are 'L.
pit.d rollectron-

IMUCES OF COUNTRY PRODUCK.

CORUECTKD WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

niVered a c;

IMPORTED VEGETABLE SEEDS.

Long Souihgaie Cucumber, Lono- liidge do Cherkin do

leer's .d'linf' t''-^''- " T'v'J r'""<y"^- gJITZZ
ruas SKllnta.'shne netted Melon, Vellow Liverpool Tur-
mp 1 urple Lgg P ant, early and late ( -auliflowers, early and
RETT li '^r™lb/>.<-- ,J"st received by G. C. liAK-
KhlT. New Kngland Seed Slore. march 13.

GRIPE VINES <fc PLUM TREES.

and on'i,';?^'"' '^'"''"''''' <"' '^""--^ ^'^-^ o»>i Kp.I Chasselas
and ol the loreigii varieties.

npm.t?r''i'""; "^''^ "[ ^'S"';"''^ growth and of the mn.st ap-
proved kinds, lor .sale by .SAMURL POMI), Cambnd.eeou
Orders may be left at the N. E. Farmer Office, mard, 8

FOR SALE OR TO LET,

o;^w,nddt^etonshares,pr...dedat::^:^;;l!:'l£^

For fnrlher pa rliculars apply at this office. mil.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE

ind ifaTLT,'.'',"'"'"'"'',''"^^"""^''""-''''''" '" 'l'>-- I"-'" •"■-">"".
"hi "'"= '"" ^ '"y 'l""-l lime-stones 5 (eel C

nches diameter-runner 19 inches thick-removed lor the
iccommoctation ol other machineiy >^"iuvcu lor uie

One runner, 5 leet diameier, 17 inches thick

i;:iror;;!;ir:;::!:;,'::;;!^:;:-,t!i^;t;;:r-'/'"'''"-

unne. 18 inches , hick, yiif the^.r^.'sft^'^it^,! wo T '"""'"'

ADMINISTRATOR S SALE OF REaL EST VTE.

Pn'obee't"'"''"? ""'■'■ '■"^'^•''> ""■ «^'="'^ "' "'<• l^'e Ebcnezer
l.uoee deceased, situate,! in [{o.xl,u,v, on ihe upper road
leading to Dorchesler, lour mile.s from Ue citv,-„ .]l know
in lormer times, as the l'unt>ee Cavern '

wh'i.V'r'n'? "•"""<'"•; ■'-'^'™l nine acres of valuable land, on
,1 /='' "",'"''" °' '■''°"<' f"™'' Ti-ees, with a dwell

nig ^house and out houses thereon, with an e.vcellent well ol

Thnsilnation is desirable to anyone wishing to build, as
cuiIa.rio"r^ ' '"'""'"'' =«'"'''■'''''>' ?al™l-->ted for

SaM estate if not di.sposed of on or before the 2d day of
April nc.xl, will then be sold at public auction, at 4 o'clock p h

^idsRPHi^uGHEK.'Eb:,;;;-^^'^"^ ""■ 'Z::XT'

TO LET,

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Laml, situated one
mile from the cily of New Haven-very desirable as a l)a"r
a great part being pasture, and produces goo.l hay. There'is
a cottage, nd every requisite building, all newly Erected and
may he had lor such term of years as'may be agreed upon ",
(posTpanr) '""'■ -^'''"'' ^"^ '"^' ''°^' Officef. ew l^ave,,;

■J'he Slock of Cows, Team, and Implements of Agricuitu
may be taken with the Fa m at a fair valuation Feb 2^,

BUCKTHORNS.

For .sale by GEO. C. BAHKETT 20.0C0 llnckthorns for
hedges, raised on the fa.m of K. H. Derby, Esq Orders
supplierl at .hor. noiice. >' Zr.-^\'t'

TO LET,

mv head nl eaiila f '^™' ^"'' t"*' ''npported

mv head ol .allle for many years, is well fenced and w.iiered

J he pro.x,miiy ol this farm to Lowell, one of He be t mar

rme" ^'^r""^"'}!'^ T^''^ '' => '''--''l« "- ".r a ^ , H
rmer. Said larm wd be et lor a term of ......

march 4, 1835. 4,, ^- ^- VAK^UM.

TREES FOR sale;,

iree^'rr ''"f "Ml Ns rKR's Nursery, F,a,ningham :-Apple
Ln':h^rees^ ' ' '" ""' ''^^^'hTees, R^ck maplelt'J.d

lon'Ja'ry oH?ef' ^'"^^ Vines.^all of the first quality, at cus-
. ^ ' '^' march 4.

Afpi.Es, P.aldwin,
Beans, white, .
Belf, mess, incw)
Cargo, No. 1.
prime.
Beeswax, (Amcric n) .
PUTTKK inspected, ^o. 1,
Cheese, new milk, . . ' . '

skimme<l nulk.
Feathers, northern, geese
.^outiiern. geese,
Ft; AX, .\merican,

Fl.AXSKIl),

Flour, Genesee, . . cash
naltimorc. Howard street
Hidtimore, wharf, . '

Alexandria,
Grai.v, Corn, northern yellow
so. ihein yellow
white.
Rye. northern.
Barley,

, "a's. nor hern, . (prime)
Hay, best English, . . .

casiern screwed, . , '

hard pressed, ,
Ho.vtY. . . ' ' '

Hops, 1st quality

2d quality . .
Lard, Boston. 'isi sort,'

southern, 1st sort.
Leather, s'nughter, sole,
do. upper,
tlrj- hide, sole,

do. tipper, .'
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole,
l.tME, best sort,

Pork, Mass. inspect, extia clear, .
Nnvy, mess. .
b'>ne, midrllings.
Seeps, Herd's Grass7 (new)
Pved Top, norihern. .
R"d Clo\'er. northern,
\^ hiie IJulch Honeysuckle
Tai.i.ow. tried. . . _ ' '

Wool, prime, or Saxonv Fleeces,

American, full b'hod, washed'
do. 3-4ihs do '

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed
- ( PuPed superfine,
Sts; 1st Lambs, .
f=i-M do.
= g. 3<l do,

( Isl Spinning, .
Soulliern pulled wool is generally 5 cts
less per lb.

barrp

3 110 ;5 id

husho

1 2 00 2 ;i

tmrie

110 50 II 1,10

"

1 aou! i|-,4

1 '^''

) 7 Wi

pound

1 20 1 22

"

1 14 u;

"

8 y

"

Si C

38 41

30* -j:.

'*

IC

1 >>

bushe

1 1;.

I •::.

barrel

5 1)2

1 5 7.'.

5 50

1 5t;>.:

"

5 5C

1 5 ri2

5 37

I 5 50

bushel

70

i ■''^

"

65

1 68

"

66

1 ,67

"

78

811

"

63

1 66

"

10

4:;

ton

IS 00

19.50

"

13 00

15 00

"

13 50

15 00

gallon

37

4'!

pound

11

1-

"

9

10

"

7

H

•'

19

20

"

12

14

"

16

18

"

18

20

"

26

28

"

24

26

cask

100

105

barrel

17 00

13 01)

"

16 00

17 00

S

S5(i

bushel

2 25

250

"

88

1 Oil

pound

8

9

*'

25

31

owl.

750

800

pound

60

65

■ 1

50

58

•'

45

50

"

38

42

♦*

32

36

It

38

40

"

50

55

"

40

45

"

30

33

"

2.-!

25

''

35

40

TO LET,

On a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed upon a

arv' JTl"'"^- "r^""'''"^ '"■"^' ofLand.^sui'ablef;'
a.ry, with dwelling house, barn, and all other build I'^^sreani^

TZZ Lr- '/^'^"',j'«^™. in the Parish of llampilen

NEW ENGLAND SEED STORE.

At lhe.4gW™//i/r„/a«,/ IlorticitUnral Wureiwnse connect-
"^;,V",."r, ^'7 '^';S'-'] Farmer the subscriber con'tirueX
Seed Kstab hshment, and now offers to dealers. Gardeners
and the public generally an iiiiriva'led collection of '

GARDEN, GRASS, am. FLOW PR SEED«!
\'\I^^IT"% """'""! ""." ""V^"''" "'"' "<■ undoubted quality and
o es -v^r ,!"'^ raised under the particular direction an 1 ex-
pressly lor this establishment.
JV„,rfe„ ^•■eds\„ boxes assorted for dealers from 10 to 100

m,l!ierVtrpnc7s '" '""""''' '"'''" ""' ^""'"^ ^' "O'

ga^W al^sf ea'ch""'""'"' '' ^"^'^ n^"'""™' <"- ?"-"'

pa^?s':i^;;:;":';:a;e;rri'[^'°'^'^'^ ^^^"^^ -' « --

Re't^T' *'"'' ■'" """ '"""" """''" P''""" =^' Wholesale and

Rnn'^'Lri ?'7™™''''?'«EES,G™;,. Vines. PlurUs and
unots supjdied at one day's notice
Jitst pnhlished. a Calafogue of 80 pages which will be sent
Jar2"l. ^^■^- ^- UARRE-IT

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL PRICES.

Ha.ms, norihern,
southern,
Pol'.K, whole hogs,
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) .
lump

KOGS.

Potatoes,
Ciuek.

pound

10

u

10

"

16

"

18

dozen

18

bushel

.37

barrel

2 75

ite

8

7

14

17
2(J
20
5<)
3CJ

GREEN HOUSE GLASS,

Of superior thickni-ss with every qualty of Windov, G!as,
for sale^b.y^LORl.^G Jj. KUPFER,^No. io LVZZ" Row '

2mis.

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoNDAY, March 83, lay..

[Itcporled for Ihe llaily AcIverlUer & Patriot ]

At market 4(35 Beef Cattle, 10 pairs Working Oxen.

K .°-!f „''"^J?=''^<'^' '*'> Slx-ep, and 1-iOO Swine-
aboiit uO Beef Cattle unsold.

Prices. Beef Cattle-No particular variation from
last week-we quote the same, viz : two or three yoke
very hne something over our highest quotations faav
IJi a <fc)c) ; prime at 33 and 34s 6d ; good at 3C a Si's
Od ; thin at 24 a 28s.

Working Oxcn—tio sales noticed.

Cows and Cahes—i^a.\es were made at $18,^,24,
2.->, 27i and $30. v . 1 ,

S/iCfp— Tliose at market were mostly of an inferior
quality— no prices made known.

S;<:m«— Market brisk ; lots not selected were taken
at 5c lor sows and (i for barrows ; one lot to close Bome-
thtng less— at retail, f, fop sows, and 7 for barrows- Jot«
large barrows selected at 5J a 6, sows 4?

296

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

MARCH 35, 1835.

(From llie Americim Magnzlne.]
THE POOR MAN.
What man is poor ? Not lie whose hrow

Is bathed in Heaven's own light,
Whose knee to Guti alone must bow,

At morning and at niglit —
Whose arm is nerved by healthful toil,

Who sits beneath the tree,
Or treads upon tlie fruitful soil,

With spirit calm and free.

Go— let the proud his gems behold,

And view their sparkling ray ;
No silver vase or yellow gold

Can banish care away.
He cannot know that thrilling dream,

Which smiles within the cot.
Where sunny looks and faces gleam.

To cheer the poor man's Int.

What man is poor? Not he whose brow

Is wet with Heaven's own dew.
Who breathes to God the heartfelt vow,

Whose pledge is deep and true.
The morning calls his active feet

To no enchanting dome,
But evening and the twilight sweet

Shall light his pathway home.

And there is music to his ear,

In the glad voice of his child.
His wife with hurried step draws near,—

And spirit undefiled —
Then turn not from the humble heart,

Nor scorn its humble tone.
For deeper feelings there may start.

Than the proud have ever known.

SCENE AT SEA.
Wc liave had pretty Rood evidence of wliat
ra.ises the destruction of so many vessels, suppos-
ed to 1... lost l.y the violence of winds; and
solid reason to value higbly the great efforts of
t.-inperunce societies among seamen.

Our captain shipped his men on condition that
thrvshonld bring no li.pior on hoard, and with
the' promise of a drink per day.if li.ey should be-
have well. He especially charged the mates on
the day of sailing, to search every man s chest,
nnd take away what liquor they coul.l find. We
had not been long under way bclore it was evi-
dent that all were more or less stupified with
,lrink The man taking the soundings was too
much "disguised" to be trusted. Another, and
another, was put to the wheel to steer, and ehang-
e.l for another, b.^cause too much intoxicated.
One man beine ordered to let go a rope, went to
„„)asten the hoops of the sj.anker. Four times
tlic captain ordered a rope to be let go, and no one
^■emed to have sense enough to obey. _ J be brst
mate was so much u.i.lcr the influence ol a drunk-
.x, tit, just passed, as to be unfit for duty. In this
state of things, the captain went himself, an.
searched the chests for licp.or. Every man hud
brought it on board. Some jugs were already
emptied, others were still well charged. One
mall had a keg of 12 gallons. The boatsvvam
had his supply, and each mate had laid in a store
of poison. Thus were wc prepared, indeed, lor
storms and dangers. A gale of wind might have

found us without enough sober men to work the
ship. IIovv entirely are we in the hands of the
Lord ! The captain of course, collected the pre-
cious stores ; and now they make a goodly ap-
pearance, locked up iu one of the state-rooms of
the cabin. The men have been denied their
promised drink, and all seemed to be sober and
steady. But a melancholy event, which the cap-
tain ascribes to this liquor, has yet to be related.
I was sitting on Sunday morning in the round-
house, too sick to move about, or to take interest
in anything, the rain jiouring upon deck, when 1
heard somethinc fall, heavy ami loud, as if some
heavy tiu.her from aloft had come down. Soon
I heard the mate cry, " call the captain." The
steward was soon at the captain's state-room, with
a fearful messase, "Captain, one of the men has
fallen from the yard." I was so sick that I could
not venture to see the poor fellow — knowing I
could do no good. He had fallen from the mizen
top sail yard — about fortvfive feet, his head was
foremost, and struck the deck with a deadly force
He was taken up senseless, and continued so till
night, when his immortal spirit took its flight
What a sudden call upon asinner to meet his God
The captain supposes he had not recovered
enough from the effects of drink to know how to
take care of himself when aloft. The next morn-
ing, at eight o'clock, 1 was requested to officiate
at the burial. It was the first I had ever witness-
ed at sea. When I came on deck, the sailors and
8teera<'e passenecrs were all assembled at the side
of the ship, near her middle. On a barrel which
reached to the top of the bulwarks was a board
laid, which extended over the sea ; on the board
lay the body, sewed up in canvas, and wrapped
in the national flag, ready to plunge into its boiind-
less Tave. My audience was comi>rised ot Cath-
olics, Protestants, Irish, English, Welch, Dutch
French, Swedes and Americans. The deceased
sailor was a Swede, a young man of respectable
parents now living in Stockholm, from whom lie
liad run away. After a short exhortation, cebly
uttered, (for I was sick,) I began the burial ser-
vice, which, however impressive on land, is
deeply so in the solitude of the ocean, over so
deep a sepulchre, amidst the roaring of the winds
and the strife of bounding billows. At the words
" ice comviil the body to the deep,'' the two men
standing bv the corpse, raised one end ol the
board on which it lay, when it plunged into the
foaming water which was swelling up the ships
side making a horrid splash, and striking a 1 hearts
with solemnity. The spectators, as it they had
not expected if, rushed to the bulwarks to see it
sinking into the fathomless abyss — the surge
rolled hs liuse mass over the place where it lell,
the rapid ship swept away from the lonely re-
mains of one who so lately had been juanagmg
her wings, while I continued the service: I he
earth and the sea shall give up thnr dead, &c.
Thus ended tlic short, simple, but most solemn
funeral at sea, the last, I hope, to be witnessed by
me. — .v. V. Observer.

SEEDS FOR 1835.

For sale al U.e seed slor. connected w.lh the New England
Farmer office i

100 Early While Dutch Turnip.
200 Kngfish do.

100 RuiD liaga do. ^

200 Mangel Wurlzel, /or coHfe.
2S Salsafy.
200 bushels finest esriy Peas.
]00 l.artje Marrowfat do.

50 Dwarf Hlue Imperial do.

60 olher varieties.

]y(j best Garden Beans.

500 lbs. Long RIood Reel Seed.
200 Early Turnip do.
300 Cabbage Seed, 14 difTerenl knids.
100 Fine Long Orange Carrol.
60 Early Horn do.
200 Common Cucumber.
160 Long Green do

100 Early and Head LeUuces. ,

50 Pure Wliile Porlugal Onion.
100 Silver Skin do.
200 Large Deep Ked do.
150 Early Scarlet short lop Radish.
50 Long Salmon do.
2.3 Turnip Radishes.
150 Early Scollop Squash.
50 Earl'y Li>ng do.
Aho -Cauliflowers, Broccoli, Celery, Cress, Egg PlanH.
Leek, Endive, Musk and Walcr Melons, "''"jV"''^' P/Pf"!.
Parsley and I'omalo Seeds, by the lb. or OE. Herb Seeds of

""so'oOO papers in 300 lo 4C0 splendid kinds of Annual, Sicn-
iiial and Perennial Flowkk Seeps.
GKA-is Seeds, wholesale and retail. , • j

The above comprises in part ihe st.ick of seeds raised ex-
nreVsrvtorlhe es ablishmcni, and I'ne quality and goodness
fvl e ™n-<,«(«/ superior lo any ever oficred I'erelo ore^
Dealers and odrers will please file m iheir orders immediately,
and Ibev shall be lailhlullv execuled for ihe spring.

Boves o Garden Seeds for .he coun.ry Iradc, neally papered
up ^'dt direc.ions on each paper, for sale at a large discount

'■"i"y;";''ami?lH:iMENT.LTl^EES,4-c. will be supplied, and

orders "^^^^^'i^^'l? ^RRETT, AgricuUural Warehouse,
maich n Nos, 51 * 52, Norih Market Street.

SILKS AT UEDXICED PRICES.

EilAB Stone Bkeweb inlending to make anew arrange-
me,,l1n his business will sell his stock of Sdk Goods at very
reduced prices, viz :

"0 Pieces BIk. Gros de Naples (slightly spoUcd) at 25 cts,
p„ ,' d-15do. perlect, 2s. do. 25 do Superior Satins Leva,.
F • % r. ,lo 10 do do 3s.— 6 do. Rich Striped do. 3s. 9.—
o"fo R c lam Sui-enor Col'd Pool, de Soics Js.--30 do. do
, ,L^\o\a «>i do Heavy lilk. Sinrhaws Irom 2s.b to 3s.t
i^'d 11 tt~rci, i;om 2s.-to 2s. G.-lOO Dress PaUerns Fig
Rhck Canion Crapes al 6s. pv paUern-50 do do. lo match

I;^,'trs's-^:^::^^^drcr^n-^^

Salins. No. 414 Waslunglou Slreel, Dec. .7lh. KM.

WILLIAM SHERIDAN,

(Gardener to ihe late Gardiner Greene, Esq.) would re-
pel u 1 !. dorm his frieids ami .he public ,ha, he will eonr-
,r,„-c jobbing in Gardens, by .he day or by "'""Y\^^^. fh
vM endeavor lo give sa.isfaclion .o all .hose who may fee
"i 'pole.1 lo lavor him with any thing in Ins hne^ to the e..len.

"'trili'::^^^ «. -ho s.ore of Messrs W^cester ^
r.J'rce. corner of Cour. and Tremou. streets, Bos.o... « d he
promptly and lailhlully aileuded to. "'"«:" '•

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evenj-'t!. ^' S3 per ammn
^nvn ileal Ihe end of llie year- bu. those who pay wun
^ixly da^^ ivl .he bme of subscribing, are entitled to a d<

'"'^Vl paper w!h be sen, .o a distance wi.hout paymc.
bein"- made in advance.

AGENTS.

A',.,,, Yorh—G C. THORBCRN.fi'' Liberti',^lieel.

^,i„,„,_WM . Thouburn, 347 Marke.-slrecl.
PhZLvhia-Y). &• C. Landbetu, 85 Chesnul-slreet
^!;;|-S._,.^.U.coeKPidd,.,cr.^

^;:S '^^•^'(v^ i^-I'A- Soss Prop. Un. Bol. G,
mUlMmn!. 17.-W1CHT Chacian Merchant.
y)„.,«,,,/_.Goo„w.N.S-Co. Pooksellers.
At.X-™oc<-EHEKi;/.ER Steuman, Bookseller.
iCllvlth. N. /i,-.IoHN W. Foster, Bookseller.
■ivusta, ;!/<■.- WiLi.Ar.n Snei.l, Druggist.
wZoddock. Yt—S. A. Pratt.

IZi^^l^r^:^'^:^:^:^^. Editor of Record..
S(. iowi's— Geo.IIoLTON. ^

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND WEEKS,

No. 8, Pclicol Street.
OnDEBS FOR PR1>.T.>0 BECEIVIP BT T.li: rUBI-.SBI

I¥EW ENOtAIVD FARMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAT,

i^:::f:!:!L!i^f!:!.i^^^

VOL. XIII.

G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL I, 1835.

Ilou. S. LATIIROP'S ADDRESS

BBFOIIE THE

HAMPSHIBE, HAMPDE.f AND FRAWKLIN
AGRICULTURAt, SOCIETY.
(Concluded from page 290.]

There can be no doubt of the utility, I will not
»y in.lispensable necessity, but of the great util-
ity of the application of stimulants, even upon our
?ood land. Those most commonly used for the
>urpose, arc Gy|)sum and Lime.

Gypsum, or Plaster of Paris has contributed
jreatly to the improvement of our husbandry and
o the fertility of our soils. In the use of it, we
lave been enabled to increase the quantity of our
lay, and thus to increase the quantity of manure,
nd in the application of the Utter, to add dma-
'le fertility to our .soils. In years past, it has
ieen considered as an almost indispensable requi-
ite to the successful culture of wheat, cither by
owing it with grain, or by applying it afterwards.
.ut the stunulating properties of gypsum seem to
e wholly lost upon those lands to which it has
>ng been applied, and for some years past it has
roved as inert and useless as any other substance,
a our experience, plaster has nearly lost its value,
id its use is discontinued. Whether, after a
w years' discontinuance, the soil has not under-
>ne such modifications as to be again prepared <o
ceive it, and to rencv/ the evidence of its utility
deserving of an experiment. '

Lime, in some parts of our own country, as well as
Europe, is used with great success in the wheat
r.sl>andry, and is considered by some -writers, as
esseutial ingredient to the perfect maturity' of
B grain. Some small portions of this article, or
other substances intimately allied to it, are
lud to exist in all our sandy loams ; and these

found to be among our best soils for the wheat

). The application of additional quantities
sowing it with the grain, or as a top dressing
the spnng of the year, will contribute to the
rease of the crop. The expense attending its

in this part of our country, will prevent its
ilication to any very considerable extent. But
t should be used in the manner in which we
^e been accustomed to use plaster, we shall find
ole remuneration for the expense,
^fter all, our chief resources for keeping up
increasing the fertility of our good soils,
he restoration of our exhausted soils, must be
:ed upon the barn, and upon green crops.
:3C will add much fertility to the soil. Their
lizing properties will not be exhausted with a
le crop ; and the prudent and economical
Mnduian will give such a rotation to his crops

this increase of fertility, when once acquired,
I never be exhausted, but go on increasing

every succession of his course.

has been made a question, whether animal
ure, that of our stables and yards, is suited to
growth of wheat. A gentleman who has
itained a high standing among the learned

of our country, and of whom our neighbors
orthamptou take pride in having given him

NO. 38.

hirth, has advanced his opinion that it is delete-
rious,—" that it induces plethora in the plant, or
an excess of sap in the stalk, which, not finding a
ready pjissage in warm and damp weather, rup-
tures the sap vessels, flows out uj.on the surface,
becomes acrid, corrodes the straw, induces . rust
and blasts the grain." Perhaps no man was a
inore minute and accurate observer of men and
tliing.s, and of everything, than the late president
Dwiglu. But I should be willing to place a
much greater reliance upon his opinion in theol-
o.ffy, than in practical husbandrv. He has with
great accuracy, described the process by which
the grain becomes blasted, but I apprehend that
he has wholly mistaken the cause. More than
tliirty years of personal experience, (the experi-
ence of every year during that period) has afford-
ed me satisfactory evidence (an.l many of my
neighbors can say the same) that the manure of
tlie barn may most suceessfullv be applied in the
culture of wheat. Its application, however, is
commonly made to the preceding crop, and, be-
fore the seed of the wheat crop is committed to the
earth, has nearly gone through the process of fer-
mentation and decomposition. Whether there
"light not be some truth in Dr. Dwight's observa-
lion, if confined in its application to dun-r in its
green and unf.^rmented state, is a point upon which
i have had no experience. But at the season for
sowing wheat, very little manure of that description
can be found. If it has been suffered to lie about
our barns through the summer, it has gone through
lie principal part of the process of fermentation
has become decomposed, and iu that state may
profitably be applied with the newly sown grain
Numerous instances of its application at the time
of sowing, have come under my observation, and
uniformly it has been applied with great success.
VVhile I dissent from the conclusion drawn bv
Mus eminent divine, respecting the influence of
animal manure, I should, with gqual confidence
differ m opinion with one of the most distinguish-
ed agriculturists of the present day, who, in com-
menting upon that conclusion, ascribes the fi-e
quent failure of the wheat crop in New En<rland
to the want of the specific food of the plant, L the'
soil. Now I believe it would be difficult for any
one to show that wheat is more liable to blast in
New England, than in other districts of our coun-
try. In my own experience wheat has not been
more subject to blast than rye. This blight upon
our hopes is of rare occurrence, and public opin-
ion has j.robably settled the question correctly as
to the true cause of the blast on our English grain
It IS atmospheric, and is produced by an exces
sive degree of lieat and moisture, when the .^rain
IS in a particular stage of its formation. If the
blast IS to be attributed to the want of food in the
soil, why should the same field, under precisely
the same course of husbandry, at one time pro-
duce a liberal crop, and at another experience a I
partial or total failure 'i It is not my iiuention,
however, to intimate that our soil ia as favorable
to the culture of this grain, as the wheat districts '

of New York and of some of the other States •
I hey are more sure of an abundant croj., and thi-
may be attributed to the more abundant supply of
the specific food of the plant in the .soil. At the
same time, it must be observed, that, with us
when the .soil is in proper condition, well prepar-
ed for the seed, and the grain is sown in season
It seldom fails of rewarding the confidence of the
agriculturist, with a fair return. Cases of failure
may generally be accounted fo.-, either from th-
poverty or the want of life and activity in the soil
—from an msiiflicient preparation of "the ground
by a parsimonious withholding of the degree o-^
labor requisite to its pulverization, or by sowing ii
at a very late season of the year. More failure,
of crops may probably be attributed to the latter
cause, than to all others. Much of your wheat is
sown after corn. It has been found difficult in
ordinary seasons, and impossible in unfavorable
seasons to gather the latter crop in season to .sow
the seed of the former. It gains but a slender
hold of the soil before the setting in of winter
and the roots are easily loosened or broken, by the
freezings and Ihawings of autumn and spring.

The manure heap ia the farmer's gold mine
and o^ this he must place his chief reliance. K
difference of opinion, as well as a diversity of
pr.-,c-,.-.e ;revails, relative to the state or condition
of the manure, previous to its application to the
soil, that IS, whether it is most useful to apply it in
Its raw state, without subjecting it to the process
of fermentation, or whether it will produce a
greater effect by previous decomposition— by be-
ing thoroughly rotted. In some ,.arts of our state
the manure made in winter is considered as unfit
for the soil, till the subsequent autumn, and among
us It IS a common practice to deposit the manure
in large heaps, on the field where it is to be used
with the intention that it shall go tlirough a partial
fermentation. I have frequently adopted this
practice, in imitation of those, whom I considered *
among our most judicious faimers. But experi-
ence, observation, reflection, and attention to the
observations of others, have convinced me, that
every degree of fijrmcntation in manure des'igned
tor ploughed land, is absolute waste. True the
decomposition must take place before it can be
taken up as food for the plants, but then this
process may be carried on in the soil, while the
seeds are vegetating and putting forth their roots
and blades, with equal advantages, and by their
gradual decay, fresh food will be furnished to the
plants, as they advance in their growth, and when
this takes place beneath the ground, there is a
great saving of the strength and nutritious power
of the manure. Whoever has stood to the lee-
ward of a dung heap, when in a state of fermen-
tation, and witnessed the evaporation, and per-
ceived the strong effluvia escaping from the heap,
must have been impres.sed with the fact that no'
small portion of its strength and virtue is passing
off into the air. That which thus escapes, is the
most subtile and nutritive part, the most enrichino.
to the soil— it is that which imparts the most life"

298

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

N.

..ctivitv an.l vi-or to vegetatiou. Now this am-
imnuLi" niav be wholly retained williiii the soil.
By ploiii^liiiii; in the niamiro before the iVrmeii-
lation takes place, there will be coiii|)aratively, hut
a trifling evaporation. The fermentation and pu-
trefaction will ensue, hut the small and subtile par-
ticles which would et^cape from the dung heap,
are now retained in the soil and become incorpo-
rated with it. Economy requires that the plough
should be put in motion, as soon as is practicable,
after the manure is carried into the field. Even
the moisture in the manure when it is carried out,
is in itself some of the richest part of the load,
and the longer it is suflered to lie in the sun, be-
fore it is ploughed in, the greater the diminution of
its strength and value.

But few farmers have a sufficient supjily of barn
manure to enable them to cultivate wheat exten-
iiively, or on so large a scale as they might desire.
Our "lands must be enriched in some other mode.
Vegetable crops turned into the sod, furnish a sub-
stitute of ready application and accessible to every
farmer. All vegetable substances have a tenden-
cy to ameliorate the condition of the soil, and to
increase its power of production. But there may
be, and probably is, a material difl^rence in their
adaptation as food, for diff'erent kinds of plants.
It may lie <iuestioned, whether the same amount
of one kinii of vegetables, will afford an equal
• piantity of food for wheat, as the like amount of
some others. On this subje(!t, the agricultm-al in-
terest is creatly deficient in information. It has,
liowever,"been' demonstrated by oft-repeated ex-
periment, that clover is peculiarly favorable to the
production of a crop of wheat. One of the best
crops of wheat, which was ever produced in this
town, was upon laud, not in a high state of culti-
vation, but upon which a good growth of clover
had been turned in, immediately yirecediiig the
sowing of the grain. According to my reeollec-.
lion, the clover was mowed but once after seed-

iiis; the aftermath was turned under the furrow

ihe. latter part of August, and the grain put in by
ihe use of the horse plough and harrow, early in
September. The produce was about forty bush-
els per acre.

Wheat requires a mellow soil, of fine tilth.
The deej) tap root of the clover serves to render
the soil loose, lively and easy of pulverization.
Perhaps the superiority of the clover, as a prepara-
tive for wheat, over the other grasses may be at-
tributed as much to the enlivening quality of the
foots, as to the enriching properties of the stalk
and blade. But we seldom give it an opportunity
to demonstrate its value as a manure. Its inferi-
ority as hay, induces the mixture of other grass
seeds on our mowing lands so far as to give them
the preponderance. And when they have well
taken, we keej) our lands in grass until the clover
has become extinct, which is generally the case,
to a great extent, after the first year, and almost
r4itirely so, after the second. We ar(! also dispos-
ed to look at present profit, rather than at one
more remote, and therefore seldom put a crop un-
iler the {urrow, which is worth gathering for hay,
or cropping by our cattle. In order to give
cjover an opportunity to shew its worth as an en-
riching, enlivening, crop-producing substance, we
must not retain it in cultivation until it has become
extinct and nothing of it remains but the decayed
roots, nor must we gather the entire crop, either
>»ith the ecytlie or our cattle, so that there shall
^wB nothing to turn in. To give it a fair experi-

ment, it should be ploughed in the next year after
it is sown, when it is fresh and vigorous and covers
the earth with its verdure. It seems to be gener-
ally a.'i-eed, that with clover, one ploughing is bet-
ter than more. In that case a crop of hay may
be taken off at the usual time of mowing, and
the after growth will have attained a sufticient de-
<rree of forwardness, by the ndddle or latter part
of August, to afford a good crop for the plough.
This would be as late as it ought to be permitted
to stand. Green crops should be applied when
they are green, when fresh and full of juices, be-
fore they begin to decay with age. And as far as
is practicable, the crop should be turned wider the
soil, entirely covered, not leaving the furrows,
some one sicLe up, and some the other and some
standing perpendicular. In this manner of
ploughing, we lose a considerable part of the con-
templated benefit. ' When green crops are turned
under the furrow, they soon commence the pro-
cess of fermentation. There is then a constant
tendency to evaporation, consisting of the most
subtile and nutritive particles. If this operation
takes place beneath the ground, these particles
can escajie only through the earth with which
they are covered, and therefore will be retained in
the soil. But in the careless and slovenly manner
in which our sward lands are frequently ploughed,
the -^reen crop would afford little more nutriment,
thaifit would have done, if suffered to decompose
in the open air and should then be mingled with
the soil. The full benefit of such crops can he
obtained, only by covering them entirely and as
closely as possible. This observation wdl apply
with equal truth to barn manure. Ajid if the
roller were to follow a well turned furrow, the ex-
periment would be more complete and more per-
fect, and would produce a correspondent benefit.
In this mode of cultivation, lands that are in good
condition will produce a crop of wheat every sec-
ond year, without any other manure than the green
crop aided by the stimulating properties of a little
lime or gypsum : and the farmer would not lose the
use of his land at all, as must necessarily be the
case with fallows. Clover seed takes with wheat,
according to my experience, better than with any
other grain. If sown upon the wheat in the
spring of the year, as soon as the season of hard
Irosts has passed, and followed with a light harrow,
the clover will rarely fail. In the following year
it may be mowed again and then turned up for
wheat as before. In this course of husbandry, I
think with confidence that the land would not be-
come exhausted, or at all reduced in its power
of iiroduction ; but that the supply of food afford-
ed by the clover would be ftilly equal to the de-
mand of the wheat. *

If this position be correct, still it would not
follow, that there might be an endless pursuit of
tdis cnurse, without intermission. There must
occaBioiinllv, be a change of crop, and a change of
fiiod and nourishment. The soil in process of
time will become tired of clover, that is, the pe-
culiar food adapted to the nourishment of this

• Since the foregoing paragraph was written, I have
seen ai. editorial article in " Tlie Cultivator," a paper
of high authority, in which the correctness of my opin-
ion seems to be doubted. I may have spoken with too
much confidence, but my conclusion is not merely the
result of speculation, it has been partially corroborated
by experiment, though not so fully as to enable rae to
advance it with unhesitating assurance.

APRIL 1,1835.

specific plant, has been taken ii|) to such a degree,
that there is not a snfiicieftt quantity remaining in
the soil to aflbrd nourishment to a full crop of
this particular plant. The ground may be as rich
as ever, and even more so. It may be capable of
sustaining a heavier product of some other ex-
i.austing crop, but still the clover will not take
and flourish, for want of its apiiropriate nourish-
ment, until the ingredients composing the soil,
have undergone some change through the substi-
tution of some other crop. So also the land will
become tired of wheat ; and though the clover
would afford an abundant supiily of this particu-
lar nutriment, yet this is not the only food which
the wheat plant requires, and the other ingre-
dients which are required for its sustenance, have
become exhausted by this alternation of crops. It
may be necessary, therefore, occasionally to put
the land under a different rotation, or to manure
from the barn, in order to recruit it for the repro-
duction of wheat and clover, by the introduction
of their specific food, or by causing the soil to be
exhausted of some other ingredient which is de-
leterious to the growth of these plants.

The specific food of the different kinds of plaiits
which we cultivate, opens an extensive field for
the observation of the chemical Agriculturist. It
has been but very partially explored, and much
information remains to be gathered for the benefit
of succeeding generations. We all know, how-
ever, by our own experience and observation, that
in reference to most of the crops of grain and
vegetables which we cultivate, the same piece of
ground will not sustain a long and uninterrupted
succession of the same kind of crop. Each succes-
sive crop is diminished, and the application of
the best and most enriching manures will not
keep up the tone of the lauil for its continued
repetition ; not because the land is exhausted of
its strength, or is less capable of bringing to ma-
turity some other crop, but because the specific
nutriment of that particular crop has been so far
taken up, that there is not enough remaining in
tlie soil to sustain another. There must be some
intervenhig crop — some change in the course of
cultivation. If we knew all the ingredients of
the soil which are requisite to afford the specific
food adapted to the nourishment of any particu-
lar plant, as wheat for instance, we probably
might, after one crop is oft", supply the ingredients
which have been taken up, prepare the land for a
repetition of the same crop, and thus continue
without intermission. Though information oD
this subject is desirable, and might often be useful
ly applied to practical purposes, yet it is of less im-
portance to us in this cold climate, where it is indis-
pensable that we should keep so large a proportior.
of land in grass to procure food for our stocl
through the winter, than it would be in a wnrmei
climate, where this preparation for winter is no
required. Our upland grass land will generall;
yield a more abundant crop, by being occasionall;
subjected to the i)lough. A great proportion o
our land which is in a state of fertility sufficiei
forthe production of a good crop of grass, an
.which is suitable for ploughing, will produf
wheat, and this may enter into the rotation (
1 crops more jnofitably than any other kind of grai)
j It isacommon iiractice, in this vicinity, wbe
ploughing up a piece of grass land, to jilant
with corn and i)Otatoes, and then to folio
with a crop of wheat. This practice cannot 1
justified upon the principles of good husbandt

VOL. XIII. NO. 38.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

299

iiiiloss orii^ ui- the other of tliese crops is acconipa-
iiii'd witli a hiMvy cont of mamirp, or both of
them with a liirhtt-r coat. It oiiuiit to be au iiiva-
riablt! rule witli every farmer, Hot to permit two
very exluuistiiig crops to follow each other in iiii-
iiiediate succession, iiiiless the exhaustion of food
required to hriir;,' them to maturity, shall be ain])ly
repaired by the ap])lieation of enricliing substan-
ces. Corn and wheat are both great exhausters.
If one of tliem immediately follows the other, the
land will he impoverished, unless prevented by a
liberal sujiply of inaiiure. And the supply ought
to exceed the demand required by them. In
every rotation of crops, the land shoidd be left in
a higher and more improved state of cultivation,
so that every succession of the course shall pre-
sent more abundant h.irvests. It is not enough
that the land holds its own, that the farmer keeps
it in as good condition as formerly, or that he se-
cures as good crops as in times past. His land
sliould advance in fertility, and his crops should
be more abundant. He should get more corn,
more wheat, more hay, and his land should be
brought into a condition to remain longer in grass
before it is necessary to put in the plough.

A great proportion of the wheat raised in this
Ticinity, is sown after corn. The lateness of the
season in which the corn comes to maturity, fre-
quently cojnpcls us to sow our wheat at an unsea-
sonable time — so late in the autumn, that it scarce-
ly has time to vegetate before the setting in of
winter. Wheat thus sown is more liable
to he winter killed, and is more exposed to blast.
In the suntnier of 1833, I mentioned this ob-
stacle to our success in the culture of wheat to
Judge Buel. He recomjnended to my trial, a spe-
cies of corn which he had planted for several
^ears, which he said was about a fortnight earlier
than the kinds most commonly used, and which
/he thought was equally ))roduetive and valuable.
Accordingly I procured my seed corn of him last
sprinir, and the result has been perfectly satisfacto-
ry. I never had better corn, nor a more abund-
ant crop from the like quantity of land, and
that without any unusual preparation of the
soil. With this- species of corn, even in our
most unfavorable seasons, the wheat may be sown
in September, and in ordinary seasons by the
middle of the month. This opinion is formed
upon only a single trial, confirmed by the recom-
mendation of one of the most observing and dis-
tinguished agricultin-ists of the day. Further
experience may induce a change of opinion. But
at present, I consider it a great acquisition, as I
have frequently sustained a great diminution of
my wheat crop, from the impracticability of gath-
ering my Corn till some time in October. Its
earlv maturity brings with it the important advan-
tage of being seldom exposed to injury, by au-
tumnal frost.

The observations which I have submitted to
your consideration have chiefly been confined to
one part of the process in the culture of wheat,
the preparation of the soil. They have ne-
cessarily been brief, and have embraced but a
small part of the topics connected with this pre-
paratory process. But they have already con-
sumed as much of your time, as can, consistently
with the other business of this busy day, be al-
lotted to hiiu who has addressed you. It is a
subject of great practical importance, and it gives
me pleasure to be able to inform you that we may
soon expect a publication from a gentleman with-

in the limits of our association, m all respects
qualified for the task, from which we shall be able
to derive information and instruction, in regard to
the culture of wheat calculated to advance the
.-Agricultural prosperity of this ])art of our Com-
monwealth.

TUE MEASUREMENT OF HaY IN THE StaCK,

— For the purpose of ascertaining its weight, is
made by multiplying the length, breadth and
height into each other ; and if it has been allow-
ed to settle in the stack during the winter, ten
soli<l yards of meadow hay, in good condition,
will generally weigh about one ton. The num-
ber of yards depending, however, jiartly upon the
old or young state in which the grass was cut be-
fore it was made into hay, and partly upon the
dry or moist condition in which it was stacked,
as well as upon the length of time which it has
lain — all these circumstances should be minutely
examined ; for if it is in a very large stack of
more than a year old, nine, and in some cases
eight yards will make a ton ; clover, lying some-
what lighter in the stack, will generally take elev-
en or twelve yards to make a ton ; and sometimes,
when it has been stacked very dry, thirteen may
be required ; but the average of the last year's
clover may be assumed at twelve yards.

The mode of cilcidation is as follows : — Sup-
posing the stack to be ten yards long at the bot-
tom, and eleven at the eaves ; four and a half wide
at the bottom, and five and a half at the eaves :
and presuming it to be four yards in height to the
eaves, and to rise three yards to the point of the
roof: in order to find the contents, the dimensions
are summed up thus —
Medium length lOj yards

Do. breadth X 5

52i

Do. height X 5 including one-third of

the rise of the roof.

10) 262j=26j tons, or 29 1-6
loads.

If the stack swells out considerably towards the
eaves, the height, if taken against the sides, will
appear to be greater than it is in reality ; it shoidd
therefore be measured by a pole set up perpendic-
ularly to the eaves. When it is required to mea-
sin-e an irregularly formed stack, the contents may
be found by giving and taking proportionate
quantities of the separate parts, or by measuring
or computing it in different divisions. If round,
a more complex calculation is necessary, and can
hardly be ascertained with accuracy without hav-
ing recourse to geometry. Mr Bayldon, however,
mentions a simple method, which consists in
measuring the circumference at the bottom, and
at regular distances up to the eaves, which nmst
be added together, and divided by their joint num-
ber for a mean circumference ; the square of
which must then be multiplied by the decimal
07958, and this product by the height up to tlie
eaves, aiul one-third of the rise of the roof, add-
ed together, and this divided by 27 (the calcula-
tion being made in feet) will give the product in
decimal yards. — Ohio Fanner.

Col. John Gilmore, who received the premium
on Bees from the Kennebec Agricultural Society
last fall, thinks that much is lost by not keeping
the bees at work. When, after the swarming

season is over, bees hang out on the hive, it is Ih--
cause they have not work enough. The hiva
ought to l)e so constructed tiiat more rooiu can bf;
given them in such cases. — J^t. Chron.

Maple Sugar. — The recent warm wealhrr
has .'Started the sap, and our farmers until withirt
a day or two, were "sugaring off" in every di-
i-ectiou. A piece of Maple Loaf Sugar was
brought us the other day, which was made and
refined in this town. We shewed it to a num-
ber of dealers in the article, who valued it at
tw-elve cents per pound. The uurefined article
sells for seven or eight. Might not the process
be made profitable on a large scale? — GncnJiM
Mercury, •24l!i ult.

A correspondent of the London .Medical (ia-
zette, has discovered that soda is a remedy for the
tooth ache. He says the most pleasant and agree
able soda will either immediately or in a very
few minutes cause the entire cessation of pain,
by filling the decayed tooth carefully with the
powdered carbonate, so that it may descend to the
nerve, which its solution in the saliva will soon
allow it to do.

American Silver. — Tea sets, spoons, forks,
vegetable and game dishes, and many other arti-
cles of domestic use, usually made id' real silver,
are now manufactured in New York of what is
called American silver, in contradistinction to
German silver. The alloy consists essentially of
copper, zinc, and nickel, to the latter of which it
owes its color, hardness, and some other essen-
tial properties. Manufactures of this kind can of
course be afforded much cheaper than those of
genuine silver. Pedlars who among other no-
tion.? vend " genuine silver spoons," to our coun-
try matrons, will S])eculate on these to good ad-
vantage. The Professor of Chemisti-y at West
Point, states that vessels made of this composi-
tion, may be used in cookery without injui-y. —
Greeiifidd Gazette.

A writer in the Rochester, N. Y. Democrat says
that a Convent for JVuns is about to be established
in that city. He says there are 5000 Catholics in
Rochester.

It is estimated that about two millions and a
half of lead was manufactured at the upper Mis-
sissippi lead mines during the last quarter of the
year 1834, being about double the quantity manu-
factured in the corresponding quarter of the pre-
ceding year. — Galena newspaper.

Heavy Steer. — A Steer 30 months old, was
killed in Deerfield, last week, which, after being
dressed and hanging up over night, weighed 891
pounds. It belonged to Mr Ephraim Williams of
that place. A number of fine cattle we under-
stand, preparing for the market, are now to be
found in Deerfield : one pair was weighed lately,
coming but little short of 5000 lbs. — Greenfield
Gaz.

Cure for Burns and Chilblains. — A. Brun-
son, of Meadville, Pa. says from 15 years, experi-
ence, he finds that an Indian meal poultice, coT-
ered over with young hyson tea, softened with
hot water, and laid over burns and frozen flesh, as
hot as it can be borne, will relieve the pain in five
minutes ; that if blisters have not arisen before,
they will not after it is put on, and that one poul-
tice is generally suflicient to effect a cure.

800

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AFRIL 1,1835.

[ From the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, Mechanics, and Manu-
faclures.J

POLITICAl, AGRICULTURE.

W'liat sliould the Goveiunient of tlie United
States do for Agriculture ? This is an imiioilant
inquiry. Agriculture is essentially the great
interest of the countrj'. The just protection
of cotunieree, the fostering of our manufactures,
and all internal improvements, the widening and
deepening of our rivers, the forming of canals,
the laying of rail roads, and all the various facili-
ties and forms of mutual intercourse and ex-
change, are indissolubly connected with the agri-
culture of the country, and have a favorable bear-
ing upon its prosjierity ; but our particular inqui-
ry is, what ought the Government to do to pro-
mote the art and science itself ; to make its ]>rin-
ciples better known ; to improve its practice ; to
excite and encourage a stronger emulation ; and
to increase those means and facilities for its ad-
vancement which are within the power of the
government alone.

The British Government has been most wise in
their concern and liberal in their expenditures for
this object. They appointed a Board of Agricul-
ture, at the head of which was placed that enlight-
ened and indefatigable friend of the cause, Sir
John Sinclair. Under their direction, an exact
and complete survey was made of the several
counties of England and Scotland, the reports of
which surveys were printed at the expense of the
Board. They embody an immense mass of val-
uable information, and contributed in an eftectual
manner to the improvement of the agriculture of
the United Kingdom.

General Washington, himself passionately de-
voted to agriculture, familiar, even amidst all his va-
rious concerns, with its practical details, and aware
of its importance to the country, in some letters to
Sir John Sinclair, who had sent him some of these
reports, perceived at once their great value, and
looked forward to the establishment of a similar
board among us, whoso labors might be directed
with equal success to the same valuable results.
Jlis letters are deserving of attention, and I here
quote parts of lliein.

" Philadelphia, 20<A July, 1794.

" I have received with peculiar pleasure and
approbation the specimens of the county reports
you have sent me. Such a general view of the
agriculture in the several counties of Great Britain
Is extremely interesting, and cannot fail of being
very beneficial to the agricultural concerns of your
country, and those of every other wherein they
are read. I am so much pleased with the plan
and execution mysidf, as to pray you to have the
goodness to direct your bookseller to continue to
forward them to me, accompanied with the cost,
which shall be paid to his order, or remitted as
soon as the amount is made known tome. When
tlio whole are received, I will promote as far as in
me lies the reprinting of them here.

" I know of no pursuit in which mon^ real and
important service can bo render(;d to my country,
than by improving its agriculture, its breed of use-
ful animals, and other branches of a husbandman's
r;aro ; nor can I conceive any place more con-
ducive to this end than the one you have introdu-
ci'd for bringing to view the actual state of them
in all parts of the kingdom ; by which good and
bad habits are exhibited in a manner too ))lain to

be misconceived ; for the accounts given to the
British Board of Agriculture appear in general to
be drawn up in a masterly manner, so as fully to
answer the expectations formed in the excellent
plan which produced them, — affording 'at the
same time, a fund of information, useful in politi-
cal economy, and serviceable in all countries."

A second letter is dated Philadel|)hia, lOlh July
1795 : " I could not omit so favorable an oppor-
tunity as the de))artnre of Mr Strickland affords
me, of presenting my best respects to you, and
my sincere thanks for the views of agriculture,
in the different counties, v/liich you have had the
goodness to send me, and for the diploma (receiv-
ed by the hands of Mr Jay,) admitting me a for-
eign honorary member of the Board of Agricul-
ture. For this testimony of the attention of that
bod}', and for the honor it has conferred on me, I
have a high sense ; in connnunicating to the
Board, I shall rely more on your goodness, than on
any expression of mine to render it acceptable.

" Froin the first intimation you were pleased to
give me of this institution, I conceived the most
favorable ideas of its utility ; and the more I
have seen and reflected on the plan since, the
more convinced I am of its importance, in a na-
tional point of view, not only to your own coun-
try, but to all others which are not too much at-
tached to old and bad habits to forsake them ; and
to new countries that are just beginning to form
systems for the improvement of their husbandry."

A third letter to the same gentleman is dated
Philadelphia, 10th December, 1797: "The result
of the experiments entrusted to the care of Dr
Fordyce must be as curious as they may prove in-
teresting to the science of husbandry. Not less
so will be an intelligent solution of those inqui-
ries relative to live stock, which are handed to
the public.

" A few months more, say the third of March
next, and the scenes of my political life will close,
and leave me in the shades of retirement ; when
if a few years are allowed me to enjoy it (many I
cannot expect, being upon the verge of sixty-five,)
and health is continued to me, I shall peruse with
pleasure and edification, the fruits of the exertions
of the Board for the Improvement of Agriculture;
and shall have leisure, I trust, to realize sojne of
the useful discoveries which have been made in
the science of liusbandrj'.

" Until the above period shall have arrived, and
particularly during the present session of Con-
gress, which commenced the 5th inst., I can give
but little attention to matters out of the lino of
my immediate avocations. I did not, however,
omit the occasion at the opening of the session,
to call the attention of that body to the impor-
tance of agriculture. What will be the result, I
know not at |)rescnt, but if it should be favorable
the hiius, which you will have it in your power
to give, cannot fail of being gratefully received
by the members who may constitute the Board."

1 regret that I have not at this time access to
the speech to which he refers in this letter; but
it is understood that he proposed to Congress the
establisliment of a Board of Agriculture similar
to that which existed in Great Britain. Such
were the views of this great man, this true patriot,
of the importance of the great intetest of ngricid-
tnre to the United States ; and of means within
the immediate power of the Government, by
which they could most essentially subserve its ad-
vancement and pro.sperity. It is certain it has not

received that direct attention and patronage to
which it is entitled ; and though the Government
has done something for the jiroteclion of the wool-
grower, and for the cullivaiion of silk and sugar,
by the publication and distribution of valuable
treatises on these two important subjects, yet very
little has been, nothing conq)ared with what
might he, may I not add, ought to be done, both
for these and other important interests of agricul-
ture. The establishment of a Board of Agricul-
ture like the English Board, composed of a few
of our inost enlightened, enterprising, and patri-
otic farmers, or planters, whether in Congress or
out of it, who would give their attention to obtain
a thorough agricultural survey of the whole coun-
try, would be of the highest benefit. This is a
matter of such universal advantage, and in which
no party views could mingle, unless they were
forced in by violence, I can but indulge the hope
that if it were distinctly presented and urged up-
on Congress by a respectable array of names, in
different parts of the country, it would be lavora-
bly considered. But if the plan should be thought
too extensive to be feasible by the government of
the United States, it ought to be urged upon the
different States. Let the empire State, the mag-
nificent republic of New-York, take the lead in
this as in other splendid essays of improvement.
Massachusetts, never behind in any good work
for the general welfare, and Pennsylvania, now al-
most breathless in lier public enterprises, will no
doubt follow in her train ; and, in due time, a
mass of agricultural intelligence would he obtain-
ed, and at a comparatively trifling expense, which
would, in its beneficial influence upon the States
who should undertake such a thorough agricul-
tural survey of their own territories, be more
than an equivalent for a hundred times its
cost.

With a view of communicating my own ideas
more fully, and of drawing the attention of others
to the subject, I hope it will not be thought pre-
suming too much if I subjoin such a form of
memorial as I sliould be glad to see presented to
the Congress of the United States at a future ses-
sion, with the names of many of our distinguish-
ed and influential fellow-citizens attached to it ;
and if it should fail of success there, or there
should be so little hope of success as to discour-
age and prevent the application, such an one as
might properly be presented to the Legislature of
several of our States, hoping that at least there
the obvious advantages of such a survey might,
frotn being nearer, be more fully seen, and the
project be received with favor. I am very far
from presumingthat this is the best way of accom-
plishing the particular object, — that is, a thorough
agricultural survey of the country ; and entertain
na exclusive partiality for my own views ; but
this is a mode which has occurred to me, and with
all due respect I leave it to the wise, intelligent,
and patriotic, among the friends of agriculture to
suggest a better.

The memorial of the subscribers to the Con-
gress of (he United States, respectfully represents,

That agriculture is the great interest of evcrv
civilized community — the mother of all the arts —
and the basis of all national |)rosperity — and in
this view claims the fostering care of every patri-
otic and enlightened government.

That the United States of North America is,
and must continue to be essentially an agricultu-
ral people ; and that an improved agricultm-e

vol,. XIII. NO. 38.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

301

iniisKliiTctly and most favoralily conduce to its
nianiifactiii-es ami coiiiiiiiTce, and to the substan-
tial comCoit and best interests of the whole
people.

That the agriculture of the United States al-
thou'rli in an improving, is yet in a very imperfect
condition ; the resources of the coiuitry are very
partially unfolded ; the cultivation yields by no
means those ample returns which it may be made
to command ; and is far from that improvement
and perfection to which it may with the highest
idvantage be ailvanced.

That it would coiuribute essentially and imme-
iiately to this object: that a general agricultural
survey of the whole country, should be under-
aken and gradually prosecuted to its cotnpletion.
rhat this survey should cndirace the actual con-
iuion of its agriculture in different parts of the
:ountry, going, as far as practicable, from person-
il observation and intercourse with the most iiitel-
igeut and successful cultivators, into detailed and
tatistical accounts of the crops cultivated, the
nodesof cultivation, the average yield, the value
ad application of labor, the disposal of the pro-
uce, the implements of husbandry, the condition
nd capabilities of the soil, the improvements of
ifhich the agriculture of any particular part of
le country is susceptible, and, iu general, what-
ver may be immediately connected with its agri-
ultural advantage and prosperity, particularly in
16 manner of Arthur Young's Agricultural
'ours, Radcliffe's Sinvey of the Agriculture of
'landers, the County Reports of England, Sin-
lair's Reports of the Agriculture, and his partic-
lar account of the Husbandry of Scotland.

That such survey should particularly embrace
le cultivation of the leading products of the
)untry — maize, wheat, cotton, sugar, tobacco,
emp, wool, and silk ; the cidtivation of the most
iluable forest trees; together with other crops
)d products not less essential to comfort and use.
It of less comparative importance and extent ;
id the character, rearing, and management of
'ery species of live stock.

That the information thus obtained should be
imediately furnished to the Government, and
easures taken for its general diffusion.

That it be the duty of the said Secretary or
Secretaries, under the sanction and direction of
said committee, to procure models of all new and
valuable machines to be employed for agricultural
purposes, one of each kind of which," as far as
may he adapted to that part of the country, shall
be deposited at Washington, and at the seat of
government of each State iu the Union ; to open
a correspondence with distinguished individuals
abroad, and iu different parts of the country, on
the sulijects of agricultural interest and im|)rove-
ment, and to obtain and circulate such valuable
seeds or plants for agricultural purposes as it may
be desirable to introduce into the country, or dif-
fuse in different parts of it.

That it be the duty of the said Secretary or
Secretaries to manage and superintend, under the
sanction and order of said Board, the publication
and distribution of such reports and papers as
may be deemed of general utility and im|)ortance.
That for these objects there be annually appro-
|)riated the sum of dollars.

any useful and feasible projects for the same ob-
jects, as far as my Immble power extends, than
myself u. c.

Meadowbanks, Jan. 30, 1835.

Your memorialists would further respectfully
ggest, that to accomplish this most valuable ob-
it there be appointed a joint and standing com-
ittee of both Houses of Congress ; or otherwise
ere be selected, in any mode deemed best, as
my as five individuals from the citizens at large,
10 shall constitute a Board of Agriculture for
i United States.

That there be appointed one or more compe-
it individuals, whose duty it shall be to prose-
te such survey ; and whose further duty it shall
to be in attendance upon the Board of Agri-
Iture at Washington at least one mouth during
5ry session of Congress ; and to them make a
report of his or their doings, surveys, and
vels ; and who shall themselves act as Secreta-
3 to said Board.

That it shall be the duty of said surveyor or

veyoj-s, to spend at least mouths in every

ir, under the direction of said Board, in the ac-
1 and personal survey of different parts ef the
ntry, with a view to obtaining and diffiising
fullest agricultural information ; and that he
hey shall present a written and full report of
lis or their doings and observations annually
le first meeting of the board. I

Such, Mr Editor, are the outlines of a plan'
simple enough, in my opinion perfectly feasible;
and of the most obvious and highest utility ; and
the exjiense of which, compared with the public
advantages to accrue from it, would be of no con-
sideration ; and compared with other expeuditures
of the Government for objects of far more doubt-
ful utility, would be hardly a drop to the ocean.
How many individuals it might be necessary to
engage iu such survey, and how long a time
might be occupied in it, would be matters of fur-
ther consideration. One active, intelligent, and
practical man might accomplish it. Two would
doubtless be ample. It would not be an affair to
be hurried, and the statistical information to be
collected would require great care and exact in-
quiry. Six years would not be too short a
time, if the country were divided into two great
sections, to accomplish it in a proper manner.
As the survey progressed, much valuable matter
would be gradually elicited. Every farmer and
planter of any consideration in the country would
be excited and interested by it ; would from pa-
triotic motives be emulous to communicate all
the information in his power; and from personal
considerations, would be anxious to put his prop-
erty iu the best condition for examination. Mas-
sachusetts has already set the example of a
thorough and able geological survey of her terri-
tory. New York has done the same in respect to
several of her counties ; but, precisely to what
extent, I am not apprized. An agricultural sur-
vey, conducted in the manner above described,
would be of more value, and might itself be in-
strumental of furnishing much geological inlbr-
mation ; and exposing many of the mineral as
well as vegetable treasures of the country.

I shall not now go farther into detail of the ad-
vantages which I thiid< would accrue to the coun-
try, if this project could be intelligently and prop-
erly executed. I hope it will not be regarded as
wholly visionary. 1 offer these suggestions with
diffidence ; but with a strong desire that they may
attract the attention of some of our distinguished
statesmen and citizens, who estimate justly the
importance of an improved agriculture, and are
willing to labor at its advancement; and that it
will call out from such men opinions and discus-
sions, which, if not favorable to it, will lead to
wise and better plans. No one will listen to such
opinions with more satisfaction, or co-operate, in

I From the Ppushkeepsie Telegraph.]
HIKTS TO FARMERS.

There are two particular items, to which I
would call the attention of farmers, viz. to do
everything at a proper time, and in a proper man-
ner. Never to put off" anything till tomorrow
that inay lie done today, is an excellent maxim,
and should be observed by every farmer: while
he holds iu everlasting contempt, that saying of
the Spaniards, do nothing today that can be put '
oft' till tomorrov/. Very much of a fiirmer's
success will depend on a due regard to the observ-
ing of time. If his land is in good order to sow
his seed he should never wait for the morrow,
that the moon may change. I heard a respecta-
ble farmer " down east " ask another if he paid
attention to the moon's phases, when he sowed
his peas, he replied that he did not even let the
moon know when he sowed them ! You may
smile at the old gentleman's remark, and I may
say to such as do regard the moon when they
sow their seed that I am astonished at their foUv .'
But to return ; a man can do much more work in
season by a little regard to order. Generally
speaking, eiery i)art of a farmer's work should
be as distinctly separated as the ends of his fin-
gers, though this ride will not hold good in every
case. A farmer was asked how he got along so
well with his business.' he replied that he did but
one thing ut a time. Solomon said (and surely he
ought to know) to everything there is a season,
and a time to every purpose under heaven, a time
to plant and a time to pluck. But perhaps
enough of that. Then let everything be done in
a pioper manner. It would be well for every far-
mer to remember what I many times heard an
excellent farmer say, " if a thing is worth doing
at all, it is worth doing well." This applies to
every person whether farmer or mechanic. But
to the farmer more especially. If his land is
worth ploughing at all, it is worth doing well. It
is too often that the farmer reasons thus : " If I
expend ever so much labor and money upon this
piece of land, it will yield but little, therefore, I
will not take much pains with it." He might as
well say of the best piece of land he has, if I
sow or plant this, and the corn or «heat should
do well, it might be destroyed by mildew or some
other means, therefore, I will let it lie. This is
iu nothing more uecessary than in making fence
or building houses. For instance notice the fas-
tening of gates or driving stakes. One stitch in
time or manner will save nine. By doing one
thing well another thing may be preserved, and
much property saved. But one more hint; after
a farmer has committed his seed to the earth, it is
his duty to pray to the Giver of every good and
perfect gift, that he may have an abundant har-
vest ? Have the prayers of every man been ans-
wered to the restraining or giving raiu to water
the earth .' Who is it that gives us fruitful sea-
sons, filling our hearts with gladness ?

Now, Messrs Editors, if you think the above
hints will be subservient to the farmer's interests,
you may give them a place in your paper ; or if
not, commit them to the flames.

TuEOpniLus Farmeju

302

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APKIL 1, ICfS.

PARMER'S WORK FOR APRIt.

It is now beginning to bo liiisy tijnes with us bipeds
of t!ie eenus Cultivutur We aliould in tlie first place
attend to fences. Some lazy folks who only cumber
the premises wliich it is incumbent on them to cultivate,
give their cattle, sheep, and hogs, primary lessons in
the art of penetrating, prostrating, and overleaping all
metes and bounds, designed to limit their excursions.
They begin with low, half crazy fences, which can
scarcely stand alone. As soon as the tractable quadru-
• peds have learnt to consider these ricketty appendages
as presentmg no insurmountable obstacles to their loco-
mctive propensities, their sapient owner adds now and
tlien a withe, a stake, or a loose rail or two, which the
four fjoled ramblers find veiy inefficient impediments to
their promenades. Then Mr Cultivator sets himself in
earnest about doing what he should have done at first,
to wit, making a good substantial fence, which would
confine any kind of kine, which had been loell brought
up, and Imd taken no degrees in the art of fence break-
ing. But the animals having by this time become what
is technically called " hreiickij" will not be arrested in
their career of mischief by any obstacle which by
strength or agility they can overturn or overleap. You
might as well attempt to shut a Trenck, or a Trask in a
common cowyard as to confine '• brcachy" animals by
eommon farm-fences. We have seen a horse educated
in a jumping or gymnastic school of the above descrip-
tion, that would by crowding with hips and sides make
mechanical experiments to test the stability of every
fence which came in his way. Cows and oxen are
sometimes expert in letting down bars with their horn?
and will lead foraging parties of herds and flocks into
fields of grass, grain and corn, and destroy more in a
night than their owners can earn by months of labor.
How are such evils to be avoided .= I will tell you.
Let nobody undertake to •' enrry on" a bigger farm than
lie can munsge to advantage ? Let that part lie com-
mon, which he has not time and means to enclose sub-
stantially and cultivate thorouglily. Let him suf-
fer no animal to compose a part of his stock, which has
the power or inclination to do mischief. One unruly
creature may teach ever so large a stock to be active in
mischief, always doing damage to their owner or his
neighbor.-;.

Yon will do well to plant some e.arly sort of potatoes
as soon as practicable in a warm soil and Eituation, not
only for family use, but to give your swine, by way oi'
aflbrdinir them an early start when you commence their
fattening. You need not plant small potatoes unless
you pTcfor a small crop. After tlie potatoes are planted
you may prevent their being injured by the grub worm
or by the wire worm, by strewing quick lime or un-
teached ashes over the hills. Set out fruit trees and
other trees as soon as frost will permit, and be careful
to perform the operation thoroughly and skilfully, ac-
cording to directions given by our correspondent, "&.
page 2()."> of the current volume.

Inspect, repair and replace such garden tools, farm
implements &c., as are wanted to enable you to conduct
vour farming and gardening operations with care and
arivantage. See also, that your seeds are the best of
tneir sorts, for with poor tools and poor seeds the la-
bor of a farmer is more than half thrown away. It
will be a good plan to sow grass seeds on your ground
which is occupied by winter grain. Y'ou may at the
same time apply some manure, by "ay of what is call-

ed top dressing, and harrow in the grass seed and ma-
nure together, in the direction of the seed furrows or
drills. The liarrowing of winter grain in the spring
■will be of service to the grain, though some of the
plants will be torn up by the process. It is said that
the mixture of unleached ashes and plaster of Paris,
about equal quantities, and sowing a few bushels
of the compound to the acre composes tlie best top
dressing for winter wheat or rye.

You may now sow spring wheat, or as soon as it can
well be got into the ground. Payson Williams, Esq. of
Fitchburg, Mass. raised fiftyfive bushels and three
pecks of Black Sea Wheat on an acre. For raising
this prodigious crop the land was ploughed fine and
deep. On the 10th of April 2i bushels of Black Sea
Wheat were sown, harrowed in across the furrows, and
rolled in. Mr Williams states that " a wheat crop
should not be attempted on our worn soils, with less
than sixteen cords of unfermented [or long] animal
manure or 12 cords of fermented [or short] contributed
to the preceding crop.. It is believed that potatoes are
the best preparatory crop. Let it be understood like-
wise that the tilth for wheat must be more fine and
particular than for rye : sowing on 20 bushels of un-
leached wood ashes to the acre, soon after the wheat is
up, will not only make its kernel better, but will check
the ravages of the white maggot, which, sometimes
attacks its root. A further advantage of wheat may be
found in its being the most proper for protecting the
young and tender grass plants, wliich are designed to
give a crop the year following."

APRIL 1, 183S'

from plants, many of them new, the following kind;
were included, viz.

Eutaxia myrtifolia; Epacris grandiflora ; Hibiscus
rosea sinensis; Billardiera longiflora ; Sollya^a teiero
phylla; Pittosporum undulatum; Pelargonium Queer
of Scots ; do. Man of Koss ; do. magnum bonum
Erica exiinia ; do. herbacea ; Gardenia fiorida ; Ascle
pias curassavica ; Echium grandiflora ; Oxalis caprina
Petunia nyctaginiflora ; Azalia phrenicia ; Ixia croca
ta; Camellia myrtifolia; Carnations; Moss, Yellow
Tea, Unique, and other fine varieties of roses, &c.
For the Committee.

JONA. WINSHIP, Chairman.

Messrs Prince and Sons deem it proper to state that
their trees have been in no wise injured by the late
winter, which result is probably lobe accounted for by
the proximity of their Nurseries to the ocean on one
side and to the Sound or East river on the other. It
will also be recollected that during the severe winter of
1831-2 when thousands of fruit trees were destroyed in
various sections of the country, their Nurseries escap-
ed without injury. These circumstances argue strong-
ly in favour of the location of Nurseries and Oichards
on elevated ground wherethe soil does not retain a su-
perabundance of humidity , in preference to valleys and
low grounds which being retentive of moisture are sub-
ject to all the evils incident thereto during seasons of
extreme severity, and the frequent freezings and thaw-
ings of which are so destructive to vegetation.

Lin. Bot. (iarilen ami Nurseries, (
near New York, iMarcli H, ISiiJ. 1

fFroiii tlie Unston Courier.}
A ride to Brighton, even in a cold day, and at tin
hazard of a red nose, would be repaid by an examina
tion of the Strelitzia regina, even if there were noth
ingclseto captivate the senses in Winship's Greei
House. But it is surrounded with innumerable othe
productions of equal ddicacij, though less gaudi/ am
imposing. The Geraniums and Roses are next in at
traction to the eye, and crowd every step of the flowe
stand. The Amaryllis Johnsonia, the Amaryllis regi
iia, and the Amaryllis atamasca, are extremely curiou;
and beautiful ; and no less can be said ef the Melalucr
the Mimulus aurea, and the Mimulus floribund;
The Mespilus Japonica exposes its fruit, about the siz
of a lime, in a most curious cluster. But a plar
which, in its perfect flower, must be still more wondei
full for the singularity of its structure and appearand
is the Mctriosideros lanceolata, or Bottle- Brush. Th
last appellation has been given doubtless from the stril
inir resemblance which the flower bears to a round c
spTralbrush, made of black, scarlet, and white hair:
The Green-house is rich in all the varieties of th
Cactus— one of which will be in flower in a few day
The Double-flowering Almond— a shrub which wi
o-row incur climate and endure the winter without pri
tection, flowering in May or June— is now in full bloi
som at the Grecu-house. It is a delicious plant, an
we commend it to the notice of all floral amateurs, j
lady may decorate her parlor v/ith it, at little troub:
and expense, and its beauty, in our opinion, surpassf
that of any of the bulbs.

When Nature shall have spread her carpet of flowei
upon the now frozen earth, (should such an event haj
pen within a reasonable time.) we shall take a recoi
Hoisstincc of Winship's Nursery and Garden—'
which, reader, you shall hear an account.

Gkf.at Sale or A Sf.kd Stork.— We learn that the
large and well known establishment in New York, for
the°sale of seeds &c., owned by Mr Grant Thorburn
and his son George C. Thorburn has recently been
sold for the very handsome sum of $100,000. It origi-
nally cost $27,000. The business of the same concern
we are told will be continued in some other part of the
city by G. C. Thorburn.

MASS. HORTICULTURAl. SOCIETY.

EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS.

tJatiirday, Marcli 38, isn'..

By Mr Tlios. Mason, Charlestown Vineyard, Cycla-
men persicuin; Azelia Indica ; Camellia japonica ; do.
sesanqua ; Tea and other roses ; Pelargoniums ; Phlox,
2 varieties: Pyrethrum, &c.

By Messrs Winship, a bouquet of flowers.— They
also had the pleasure of exhibiting a splendid bouquet
of flowers, comprising a rare collection of specimens

Floral.— There was a fine display of flowers at tl
Horticultural Rooms on Saturday. A bouquet was e;
hibited that surpassed everything of the kind that hi
yet been produced near Boston. The contributor
name wa,s not attached to it, but we were told tliat
was from Mr Cushing's Conservatory. It was a cor
bination of the rarest and most recently imported kim
of flowers, among which the Echium grandiflora excitt
more admiration than any production ever exhibited
tlie Society's rooms. It was truly elegant. The
were also the beautiful Eutaxia myrtifolia, Epaci
srandiflora. Hibiscus rosenleliincnsis, Azalias, Camellii
Moss roses. Yellow Tea rose, unique, and other superi
varieties, blended with Carnations, new and supe
varieties of Geraniums, Ericas, &c. and compiisil
about sixty different kinds of flowers.

Second only to this was a bouquet from the Winshi]
establishment, composed of fftythrce kinds of t
choicest treasures of their green house.— Transcript.

VOL. XIII. NO. 38.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

303

IIORTICULTIRAI* REGISTER <& GARDEIVER's
MAGAZINE,

For April, lliis Day puhlislied.

CoM'l'.NTS. — 1. (ilytlidhis rardinalis, (with a rolorcd plate)
— 2. On llif rullivalioii of Cvpirss Vine und ntlier louder aii-
iiualii — 3. Oil tin- culuiie ul i^Mk-w eed' — !■. IniporUmre "I
Expt^riinontal HorlicuUtire — o. On llie CJrape and ihc Mami-
facliirc ot' Www — (». On the cultiviitroii oC Quick Set Hedges
in tills ntuiiilry-^?. Oti lied;?!*.- — 3. Uose-IJugs— 9- IVotlre^ of
the newest and I'csl I'Vuils and VejL;^elahles — 10. Pious Lam-
bcriinna — U. M-issachu-jeils HorLicuhural Society — 12. Gar-
denns' Work for ApriL

Siihsrriptions received at this office.

April 1. GEO. C. BARRETT.

GAR JEN SEEDS.

K. Stfdman. N''\vhun'pin't, has (nr sale an exrellenl cnllec-
lion or Garden and Flower Seeds, wholesale and r. tail.
April 1.

KALMIAS, AZALEAS, &c.

The suliscriber will furnish Kalniia latlfolias and Azalea
inidiflorns in hmuUes of 25 encli, packed in moss, at the rate
of ^12,jO per hundred, delivered at Geo. C. Barrett's
Seed Store, who is a2:pnt, at short notice. Also, a great vari-
ety of indigenous and exotic shrubs, and herbaceous plants

Lancaster Garden, March 27. JOS. BRECK.

TO 3VVRSERYMEN.

Th ' subscriber wishes to relintjuisli the charge of his exten-
sive Nurseries to a tenant, or share it with a competent associ-
ate. A ^reen house is contemplated as an appendage to the
establishment. O. FISKE.

Worcester, March 16, 1835.

NANKIN & CANTON STRAAV CARPETIXG.

Eliab Stone Brewer. No. 414- Washington street, has
constantly on hand a large assortment of Straw Carpelingj of
variou.s qvmlities and widths, among which are —
2500 yards superfine Nankin, fi-'t
2000 ilo. do. do. 6-4

3500 do. Canton do. 6-4.
4.500 do. do. do. 5-4

1 case German Table Mats, a new and superfine
article. April 1.

MISS REED'S WORK ON CONVENTS.

The subscribers have a new edition of lO.OOO copies of this
work in press, which will be finished with all possible expedi-
tion. The demand for it has been beyond all precedent— ten
thousand copies having been sold the past week in this place
alone, no orders having yet been executed for the South and
West, and but very few for the interior of New England.

April 1. RUSSELL. ODIORNE .^ CO.

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines,
for sale by Jonathan Boyce. Market Street, Lynn.

march 2o. 4t

GOOSEBERRY BUSHES.

Wm. Kenrick, Newton, has just received a fine collection
>f Gooseberry bushes. Orders left with G.C.Barrett will
be attended to. march 25.

AGENCY IN CONCORD, N. H.

William Kent has accepted the agency of the New Eng-
and Seed Establishment, and has received a full assortment of
jarden and Flower Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
ions for cultivating', &:c. on each paper. These Seeds are
A-arrantcd, being raised in gardens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. March 24, 18:15.

TO LET,

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land, situated one
nile from the city of New Haven— very desirable as a Dairv,
L great part being pasture, ami produces good hay. Therels
L collage, ;nd every requisite buildinjg, all newly erected, and
nay be had for such term of years as may be ag^reed upon, at
I moderate rent. Address No. 265, Post Office, L\ew Haven,
post paid,)

The stock of Cows, Team, and Implements of Agriculture,
nay be taken with the Fa.m al a tair valuation. Feb. 25.

BUCKTHORNS.

For .sale by GEO. C. BARRETT 20.000 Buckthorns for
ledges, raised on the farm of E. H. Derby, Esq. Orders
upplied at short notice. march 18.

TO LET,

Ok a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed upon, a
?arm, containing one hundred acres of Land, suitable f^r a
l^airy, with dwelling house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
ite, a good orchard, and well watered. The situation is two
Ifliles from the city of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden .
"or lurihcr particulars addre :? (post paiti) to No. 265, box.
•est office, New Haven. Feb. t5.

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Bmshhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing IG acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two hams and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre coniaining'valuable hiiits
&c. The situation is unrivalled, connnanding a most exten-
si\e prospect of tlic harbor and of the country back.

'I'lie liouses are in compleie repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, wnh a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulars inquire of Messrs LOT
WHEtXiilGHT ^* SON, 46 Central Wharf, GKORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
pivmises.

N- B. In case the above place is not sold at private sale
before the lOlli t)f April. It will then be let ^or one year.

FOR SALE BY AUCTION
On the above premises, on the 15lh day of April, the Furni-
lure, Slock and Farming tllensils, being nearly new and
valuable to a person going- into the country for the summer,
march 13.

IMPORTED VEGETABLE SEEDS.

Long Southgale Cucumber, Long Ridge do. Glierkin do.
Superior Scarlet Radish, a small quantity new Giant ftiarrow
Peas. Ski'lman's fine netted Melon, Yellow Liverpool Tnr-
i.ip, Purple Egg Plant, early and late Cauliflowers, early and
large Cape Brocoli, etc. Just received by G. C. BAR-
RETT. New England Seed Store. " march 13.

GRAPE VINES & PLUM TREES.

Isabella and Catawba of extra size and Red phasselas
and of the foreign varieties.

Also — Plum tices of \'igorons growth and of the most ap-
proved kinds, for sale by SAMUEL POND. Cambridgeport

Orders may be left al the N. E. Farmer Office, march 13.

FOR SALE OR TO LET,

A valuable Farm situated in Medford, about five miles from
this city, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
or wituld be let on shares, provided a temperate man should
wan' the same.

For further particulars apply at this office. m 11.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE.

A grist mill, with geering complete, built in the best manner,
and has been running but a very short time — stones 5 feet 6
inches diameter — runner 19 inches thick — removed for the
accommodation of other machinery.

One runner, 5 feet diameter, 17 inches thick.

Two driving wheels, partly worn, with pinions and spindles.

A pair of mill stones, superior grit, 4feei 8 inches diameter,
runner 18 inches thick, with the requisite iron work.

The above will be sold low, if immediate application is made
at the counting room of the Daily Advertiser &. Patriot.

March 11.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. Buckminster's Nursery. Framingham : — Apple
trees, Cherry treesj Pear trees, Peach trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, al cus-
tomary prices. * march 4.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS,

Of snpenor thirkriess with every qualitv of Window Glass

for sale by LORING c^ KUPFER, No. 10 Merchants' Row.

Jan. 23. 2mis-

NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST.

George C. Barrett and Russell, Odiorne t^* Co.
Boston, have now in press, and will publish in a few weeks, the
second edition, greatly enlarged and improved, of tiie NEW
AMERICAN ORCHARDIST, or an account of the most val-
uable fruits of all climates, adapted to cultivation in the United
Slates, with their history, uses, modes of culture, management
&r. Also, usefid vegetables, ornamental forest trees, shrubs,
and flowers, silk, bees, &c. By William Kenrick.

COMPLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST.

George C. Barrett and Russell, Odiorne t^ Co.
have in press a new edition of the Compleie Fanner and Ilurifl
EconnmUt, by Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor of the
New England Farmer, revised and improved with considerahle
additions. The first edition was published last season, and
was sold within a few months of the publication. This rapid
sale, and the sentiments universally expressed by those who
have read the work, show that the public place a hi^h value
uponit. The now edition will be ready for delivery about die
first of April.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

EXTRA EARIiY PEAS.

The Earliest Dwarf Pea grows aboul 20 inches high, is a
prooH liearer and deridedly the earliest known. The seed of-
fered by the subscriber was raised expressly for the New Eng-
land Seed Store, near Canada line.

Market Gardeners and others will be supplied with large or
small quantities if applied for early in the se.Tson.

jan 7. GEO. C. BARRETT.

COKEKCTKD WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

b-K(IM

lO

Aepi.KS, Baldwin,

barrel

sm

350

l^KANs, while,

bushel

2 00

2 25

LSekf, nipss, (new)

barrel

lO.W

11 00

Caruo, No. 1.

U 00

8 75

prime, ....

"

i; 7o

7 00

Heeswax, (Amcric- n) .

pound

20

22

HuTTElt inspected, I\o. 1. .

"

14

It;

Cheese, new milk, ....

'•

a

1.1

skimmed milk.

"

:w,

0

Feathers, northern, geese, .

"

.'!K

41

southern, gees**,

•'

30

35

Feax, American, ....

"

10

U

Fl.AX.SEFl),

bushel

1 12

1 25

Plock, Genesee, . . cash

barrel

5li2

5 75

Balttninre, Howard street.

••

5.00

ac2

ritiltimore, whaif,

'*

o 50

5 62

Alexandria,

'•

S37

S50

Grain, Corn, northern yellow .

bushel

70

72

soiitliern yellow

.(

fi5

C3

wliite,

"

GC

67

Rve. northern,

"

78

80

Barley, ....

"

(is

(i5

Oats, nor hern, . (prirnc)

"

40

43

Hay, best Eni;li*h

ton

13 00

Who

eastern screwed, .

•'

13 00

15 00

hard pressed, ....

13 JO

15 00

HONEV,

gallon

37

42

Hops, 1st qualitv " .

pound

11

12

2d (|ualily .

"

Lard, Boston, 1st sort, ,

'■

!)

W

southern, 1st sort,

"

1

8.^

Leather, s'aughter. sole.

•'

11)

20

do. upper,

"

12

14

dry hide, sole,

"

10

18

do. upper. .

"

18

20

Philadelphia, sole. .

"

2r,

23

Baltimore, sole, .

''

24

'26

I.IME, best sort, ....

cask

] 00

105

Pork, Mass. inspect. ext:a clear, .

barrel

17 00

18 00

Navy, mess

It; (10

17 00

bone, middlings.

o

850

Seeiis, Herd's Grass, (new) .

bushel

225

250

Red Top, northern. .

"

88

1 00

Red Clover, northern.

pound

8

9

White Dutch Honeysuckle, .

"

2.")

31

Tallow, tried, ....

cwt.

7 50

800

Wool, prime, or Saxonv Fleeces. .

pound

(iO

C5

American, full blood, washed.

•'

."JO

58

do. 3-4lhs do.

11

45

60

do. 1-2 do.

"

38

42

do. 1-4 and common

"

32

35

Native washed

*'

38

40

f Pulled superfine.

It

50

55

aj— ' Isl Lambs, .

"

■ 40

45

■€^Jid do. . .

'(

30

33

= ? 3d do,

'(

23

25

^ Ist Spinninir. -

"

35

40

Sonlliern pulled wool is generally 5 els.

less per lb.

PROVISION MARKET.

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, northern.

pound

10

12

southern.

'•

^^

8

PnRK, whole hogs.

11

7

Poultry. .

tt

10

14

Bl'TTER, (tub) .

"

16

17

lump

**

18

20

Eggs,

dozen

18

20

Potatoes,

bushel

37

50

Cider,

barrel

2 75

3 00

BRIGHTON MARKET.— Monday, March 30, 1S3.").

[Keportcd for the Daily Advertiser &. Patriot.]

At market, 310 Ecef Cattle. 10 pairs Workinj O.xen, 12 Cows
nncl Calves, aiO Sheep and 450 Swine— about 40 Beef Cattle re-
main ansold.

Pmcts. Berf CnfWc— The Cattle at market today ivere of a
hfttcr quality than last week ; consequently more were sold at our
hipliest (luntatioiis } an equal quality hrouElil corresponding price*.
1\ e quote the same. One yoke, led by Mr Samuel Childs. of Deer-
lield, very fine and heavy, were taken at a hi?ll price. Also, 4 or li
others which were sold by the "lump." all of which were better
than has been at market before this sea.flon ; a few others al some-
thins above our quotations, (aav 12 a2ic); primejat 33 a 349 (id
Eooil at 30 a 32s 6 ; thin at 24 a "Js.

Working Oien—VIe noticed sales at $64, 70 and 85.

Cotri avd CairM— No sales noticed.

Sfteep— One lot at five dollars each, the only sale ni.ido known
to us.

Swmt— One lot at S 1^ a 0 1-8 j one at 4J a 5} ; also one entire
lot 3-5 barrows at S 1-8 ; at retail, amall Ehoats 6 a T : l.vge 1 to Ic.

ICBS.

304

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL 1, 1S3S.

TO ■WOKKINGMEN.

If we liave no otlior estato tl]an our fucullics
and our time, we must be willing to sell time
enough to support our families, and to be laying
by sonietbing against a wet day ; for he who does
not provide for his household has denied the faith
of all honest workingmen, and is not only as bad
as, but as St Paul says, a good deal worse than
an infidel. What time is left after this provision,
you have a right to devote either to increase your
earnings, to present enjoyment, or to iuiprove your
education. And now I anticipate a ditiioulty
which is arising in the minds of many of my
friends. How can we improve our education,
you say, when we have no time left, after provi-
ding for our families? You are mistaken, my
friends. Benjamin Franklin found time enough.
Be frugal of your time, and you have enough for
all uses. After deducting the time necessary for
sleep, for meals and recreation, you may have
sixteen hours to dispose of. You may labor at
your traile the whole of this time, but will your
constitution hold at this rate many years ? Can
you do as much in every hour of the sixteen, as
you could in every hour of twelve hours a day .'
And above all, could you not, in one year, labor-
ing twelve hours, and devoting four hours a day
to studying the principles and rules of your trade,
inquiring into the most improved modes of prac-
tice, and iuforuiing yourself of other matters con-
nected with your pursuits, so improve your judg-
ment and skill that twelve hours of your labor
will be worth more, and so yield you more than
sixteen hours now? These questions deserve
your serious consideration, for you are to deci<le
them for yourself, and the character of your fu-
ture life will very much depend on the decision.
If I may iiot venture to advise how nuich time
you should spare for these purposes, I will at
least suggest the wisdom of appropriating enough
to make perceptible progress in your iniprove-
ment, whether it be a half hour, an hour, two
hours, or four. If your circumstances are such
that you think you can spare but an hour a day,
so much the more important is it that you make
a proper choice of your hooks, and other means
of improvement. Half an hour's reading of the
best of books will do you more good than twelve
hour's reading of books taken at random.

Get some intelligent friend to assist you in the
selection ; adhere steadily to your plan whatever
it be ; and even if you allot but half an hour on
working days to study, yet if this is well manag-
I'fi, you will be astonished at the end of the year
when you look back and measure your intellectu
al and moral advancement.

It is the (ircrogative of man to be continually
rising higher and higher in the scale of being ;
, and you have a right to share in the perfectibility
which is till! distinguishing characteristic of your
species. Set ajiart to yourself, therefore, so much
of your time that you may every day grow wiser
;uid better. Let the reservation though small, be
sacred, and you will not only accomplish the ob-
jects directly aimed tit, to a greater extent than
you would have supposed possible, but you will
be none the poorer for it at the eiul of the year,
and after a few years you will find yourself mani-
fold richer. As time is money, you have a right
to turn every moment to account. No one can
asic you to give it away ; it is improvident folly to

throw it away. If it is all you have now, make
the most of it, and in a very few years you will
not want for capital in any other shape you may
prefer. — RantouPs Mdress to Workingmen.

HONOR AND WAR.

" The idea of Honor is associated with war-
But to whom does the honor belong? If to
auy, certainly not to the mass of the people, but
to those who are particularly engaged in it. The
mass of the people, who stay at home and liire
others to fight, who sleep in their warm beds and
hire others to sleep on the cold and damp earth,
who sit at their well spread board and hire others
to take the chance of starving, who nurse the
slightest hurt in their own bodies and hire others
to expose themselves to mortal wounds and to lin-
ger in comfortless hospitals, certainly this mass
reap little honor from war. The honor belongs to
those who immediately engage in it. Let me ask
then what is the chief business of war ? It is to de-
stroy human life, to mangle the limbs, to gash and
hew the body, to plunge the swords into the heart
of a fellow creature, to strew the earth with bleed-
ing frames, and to trample them under foot with
horses' hoofs. It is to batter down and burn cities,
to turn fruitful fields into deserts, to level the cot-
tage of the peasant, and the magnificent abode of
opulence, to scourge nations with famine, to mul-
tiply widows and orphans. Are these honorable
deeds ? Were you called to name exploits worthy
of demons, would you not naturally select such
as these ? Grant that a necessity for this may ex-
ist— it is a dreadful necessity, such as a good man
nuist recoil from with instinctive horror; and
though it may exempt them from guilt, it cannot
turn them into glory. We have thought that it
was honorable to heal, to save, to mitigate pain, to
snatch the sick and sinking from the jaws of
death. We have placed among the benefactors
of the human race, the discoverer of arts which
alleviate human sufferings, which prolong, com-
fort, adorn and cheer human life, and if these arts
be honorable, where is the glory of multiplying
and aggravating tortures and death ?' — Dr Chan-

Onf. Thing at a Time.— Step among your
neighbors, reader, and see whether those of them
who have got along smoothly, and accumulated
property, and gained a good name, have not been
men who bent themselves to one single branch of
business ; who brought all their powers to bear
upon one point, and built upon one foundation.
It must be so. Go out in spring, when the sun is
yet far distant, and you can scarcely feel the
"influence of his beams, scattered as they are over
the wide iiice of creation ; but collect these beams
to a focus, and they kindle up a flame in an
instant. So the man that squanders his talents
and his strength on many things, will tail to make
an impression with ehher; but let him draw them
to a point — let him strike at a single object, and
it y.ields before him.

WINSHIPS' NURSERIES-BRIGHTON.

The liUssrs Winship of the linghlon Nu.series would
nowKive iiolice lliai tlie addiiiou lo tlieir collec'lioii ol /• /•«;(
ami Urnamtnlal Trees, Shrubs, etc., enaliJPS thcin lo oHer lo
ll.e ijuhlic an unusual variely of the diflcreut kinds ol large
size and undoubU'd excellence. ,

GEO. C. BAUUET'r al llie Farmer onice is their asenl
and all orders Ihroueh him will receive prompl and 'ailMu'

march lo.
auci-.tion.

TO THE PUBLIC.

I)r Isaac Thompson's cclel>raied EVC WATF.K— This
valuaMe medicine has hcen known lo die public lor about 30
years, as a mosl cerlain cure lor weak and inflamed t.ycs of
almosl every description, alter mosl <ilher remedies had been
used unsucccsslully ; indeed the l'ro|)rielor has never known
il fail lo effect a cure, when applied slriclly according lo the
directions wrapped around each phial. l',ul il is unlorlunalc
lor die public ihal ihis valuable medicine has ollen been coun-
terfeited, and ihe connlerljeilers encourKKed by ils being pur-
chased by unprincipled dealers in medicine. Thai die public
may be guarded againsl imposilion, ihe proprietor and inventor
now signs his name al lull length, " Isaac Thompson," in his
own hand writing, on a red label, pasted on the outside wrap-
per of every bottle. This test every one must e.xamine before
he bu\ s.

The above mentioned Eye Water may be had of most of
the respectable Druggists throughout the United Stales and of
the subscriber (proprielor) in Kevv London, Conneelicut.

" ^ ISAACIHOMl'SON.

New London, Ct. Dee. 1834.

REGISTER FOR 1835.

.Tamks Loring, 132 Washington Street, has just published
the Massachusetls Uegisler for 1835, containing the names of
the new Legislature, new city officers, justices, lawyers, min-
isters and doctors lliroughoul the Stale; -wilh the cashiers of
ihe Banks in Maine, Vermiinl and New Hampshire, and die
names of the Banks in L'onneclicul and Rhode Island. Also,
a complete lis! of ihe post maslers, militia officers, colleges,
eduealion, missionary, bible, Iract, sabbath school, medical .
literary, marine, temperance and elinrilable societies ; banks
and in"suiance companies ; naiional, army and navy deparl-
menis; names of consul,, (Ij-c. and much olher useful informa-

'"aIso— just published, STORIES OF GEN. WARREN, in
relation to ihe Fi/th of March Massacre, and the Battle of
Bunker Hill. To which is adiled, Gen. Warren's (iflh of
March Oraiion.— By a Lady of Bosion. feb. 25.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold, a number of line animals, from li.e breed of
Denton, Admiral, Wye Cornel, &e. Apply to A. Grkes-
woon,onihe Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's Meeting-
House, in Dorchester. '*''^- -^•

KENRICK NURSERIES IN NEWTON.

W.M. KsRicK proprietor of the Newton Nurseries has
esiablished the agency of his nurseries al the Ne ^ England
Farmer office, Ho'slon.'and all orders for Trees, Plants, Shrubs,
etc., left wilh G. C. BARRETT will be immediately allend-
ed lo. Calalogues gratis on applicalion lo Mr Barren.

march 18

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS.

Just received al tlie Seed Store connected wilh the New
England Farmer Office, Nos. 51 52, North Market sir eel,
oslSn, the grealesl variety of early V(>gelable and Flower
Seeds to be found in New England, many of which are now
wanted for Hoi Bed Sowing. We have received Iroin Europe
,l,e finest assorlment of Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Sweet
I'orluguese Maijoram, and early deep Scarlei Short lop Rad-
ish Se'eds A-c. iS-r- Among the European Cabbage Seeds are
Ihe irue ekrly York,ea ly London Batiersea Savoy, and other
Cabbages-early cried Silesia, Tenni-ball and Royal Cape
Head ''Lelluces, Migmonette, Long ,T».il<fV Cucumber^,
for forcing, (while and green) early White Dutch Turnips,
lomaios. Lima Beans, early Peas, Beans, ,^-c. compris-ing
every kind of seed wanted .n New England,-warranled of
die very first quality.

THE NEW ENGIiAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at g3 per anmirn,
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay wilhm
sixty days from the lime of subscribing, are eniuled lo a de-
duciion of filty cenls. .

03= No paper will be sent to a distance willionl paymem .
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

New Yor!c—G C. Thokburn,67 Liberly-slrcel.
^/;,„„V-WM.THORBURN.347Markel-sireel.
PhilmMphia-D. Sf C. Landbeth, 85 Cli«n"l-'<.'"^<='„
B„lilmure—\ L lliicHCocK. Publisher of American Farmer. J
Chicinnali-a. C. Pari;hukst, ^ '■n^"" ^'"';*.'-^';i^„V-(5„
Flii^hivo- N 1-.— Wji. Prince cS- Sons, Prop. Lm.Bol. Gar
Middlehunj, IV.— Wight Chapman, Merchant.
Hartford— Go(^\<vnti SfC^'.V.ooVif:\Wr^.
AWci»n//;(.rt-ERKNF./.ER Stkdman, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. //.-John W. Foster. Bookseller.
AvL'usIa, j)/c.— Wii.i.ARD Snell, Druggist.
Woodstock, 17— J. A. Pratt.
/J.moor TI/c.— Wm. Mann, Druggist.

HaiiP,!i. S^.-V. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
St. Louis— Cy.o. Hoi.Tos.

PRINTED BY TUTTI,E AND WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.
OUTERS FOB PRi:.TINO UECEITEB BT THE MiBLlSHl.B.

j^Ew ei^c;l.ani> farmer

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural \Varehouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 8, 183.5.

NO. 39.

UdS&4&a

(Translated from the French, lor the iN'ew En;;lan(l Farmer. I

cheese:.

[Conutined from page 2^1.]
GRDIERE CHEESE.

The quantity of milk requisite for Gruycre
cheese, and the necessity of using it as soon as it
is drawn, has suggested the jdan of associations,
by means of which several small proprietors plac-
ing their cows togetlier in the same pasture, under
the care of several keepers, use the milk by making
Gruyere cheese, the proceeds of which, after all
e.xpensesare paid, is divided according to the num-
ber of cows owned by each proprietor.

The name (Gruyere) is taken from the ])lace
where the cheeses were first made, and which is
situated in the canton of Friborg which abounds
in elevated mountains. Similar cheese is made
in the Lorraine Vosgi, and in that jiart of the
Alps of Franche-Conite, where pasturage anala-
gous to that of Gruyere is found.

The name of Markaires is given in Switzer-
land, and that of fruiterers in France, to those
who have the superintendence of the cows and
■.he making of the cheese.

They form their establishments near the water,
>f which they have often need. These establish-
iieuts are formed of the stables for cov/s — ot a
lairy and a lodging for the fruiterers. DiSerent
iinds of Gruyere cheese are made ; the fat is
nade from milk which contains the cream ; the
lalf-fiit with that which contains but a portion,
md the meagre with skimmed milk.

They commence by straining the milk requisite
or the formation of a cheese ; which is done by
)assing it through a colander, and it falls into a
Lettle, which must be very clean. This kettle is
King on a crane, a moderate fire made underneath,
he milk is heated to about the temperature of 25
legrees ; it is then taken oft' the fire aud the ren-
let put in. They make use of the infusion of
ennet of which, generally, there are two kinds,
he old, and new ; the efl^ect of the new, which is
he strongest, is tried upon a small quantity of
lilk, aud if found too prompt, it is modified by
lixing with it a certain proportion of the old.
'he rennet ought to curdle the milk in 20 seconds.
'be ordinary quantity of this rennet is in summer
six hundredth part of the quantity of milk ; and
I winter the five hundredth ; it is varied a little,
jcording to the richness of the milk. It is, how-
ifer, well to observe that an excess of rennet is
ijurious to the quality and duration of the cheeses.
: is put in the milk, in a large wooden spoon
hich is moved all round in the milk, which
Heads it more equally and favors its action. The
ineral time for the "whole quantity of milk to
irdle, is a quarter of an hour; it varies, however,
;cording to the season. Then the upper layer is
ken oft' because it contains the superabundant
unet. The curd is divided into as small bits as
>8sible, which is done by the aid of a wooden
irord and large spoon : the kettle is put again

upon the fire, and what is called a hrassoir is
plunged into it to the bottom. This is a stick of
a length more than sufficient to project from the
kettle, the lower part has nine long narrow pegs'
])laced crossways one above the other. Some-
times sticks bent in a half circle take the place of
the peg.«. By turning this " brassoir" round and
round the curd is reiluced to small pieces.

This operation favors the separation of the
whey which rises upon the surface, and is taken
off" with a flat dish and turned into tubs placed
near, and only enough left for the cooking of the
curd. During this time the temperature of the
air is raised to about 35 degrees, and when the
particles have acquired a yellow color and yield
under the finger, then the kettle is taken from the
fire and the bi-assoir is moved round in it for about
a quarter of an hour. When the stirring has ceas-
ed the curd sinks to the bottom of the kettle,
where it is consolidated with the hands. After-
wards it is taken out and put into a tub, and from
thence the mould is filled with it.

The mould is nothing but a stave of fir or
beech five or sLx feet long aud about six inches
high and a quarter of an inch thick. A circle is
formed of it without fixing the ends, which may
be bound together by means of a cord, as it is
wanted, and which diminishes much more the di-
uinfcler Oi' thu circle which it foiiiis.

This mould is placed upon a thick and very
smooth table, which is covered with a thin cloth,
and filled with the curd, which is compressed as
much as possible, and made to rise about an inch
above. It is covered with a round board of a
little larger diameter, upon whicli is placed a
weight or large stone. When the board or plat-
ter touches the mould, it is taken off as well as
the weight, and the mould is contracted so that
the curd shall size above it about a quarter of an
inch. The platter and the weight are then repla-
ced. Thus the mould is contracted as often as
the pressure causes the curd to sink, aud
tlie platter to touch the mould. This attention is
very important, because upon it depend the quali-
ty, the good appearance, and tlie preservation of
the cheese. It will have suflicieut consistency at
the end of the day : they then contract the mould
to the size that they wish the cheese to have, and
put in the press for the night.

The next morning, the cheese is taken from the
mould, and carried to the store house ; there, it
is put into a smaller mould than the first, and
salted by sprinkling it with fine pounded salt.
When this has dissolved and formed upon the
surface of the cheeses drops of water — they take
a piece of woollen stuff", with whicJi they spread
the drops on top and part of the sides of the
cheese. The next morning, it is turned and the
other side salted in the same manner, care being
taken to tighten the tnould. They continue to
turn it every day and to salt it on one side of it in
this manner for three weeks or a month. Gener-
ally, to have a cheese sufficiently salted, there
aliould be four or five parta to a hundred of its

weight of salt ; it is true, that in this quantity
there is much lost.

It happens sometimes, that with the greatest
care taken one may not siiccecii in making these
cheeses, and this may arise from circumstance.oi
independent of the will of the jierson who make.^i
them. But, generally, by taking all the precau-
tions of cleanliness, and in following exactly what
has been said, especially, all that is relative to
the different manipulations which take place
whilst the cheese is in press, we may succeed.

The salting exacts also some attention. In or-
der to be successful, each time that the cheese i.'j
rubbed to spread the drops of water formed by
the salt, the crust should be dry the ne.xt day, and
tak« little by little from its consistency. When
it does not easily dry, it should be ruljbed with
more force, so that the rubbing should penetrate
the salt, because this forms round the cheese a
crust, which prevents its [lenetrating the interior.
When the paste has not been stirred and its
division not been complete, nor the working well
managed, the cheese has no boles, nor the neces-
sary consistency. When, on the contrary, there
has been too much pressure, the jiaste has no ad-
herence, it crumbles, receives too much salt, and
the cheese lasts hut a short time. France has an-
nu;:lly a great quantity of these Gruyere cheeses.
T]icj are capahio of being kr pr a vei) long tim'.-,
with care and precaution, although generally they
are consumed in a year after they are made.

In the department of Jura, cheeses similar to
those of Gruyere are made. They are called
Vachetiiis and are made by the same process. The
half-fat are sold under the name of Gruyere. It
is inferior to it, although but a little ; and there is
no doubt but that more care would give it the
same qualities, for the pasturage is all that is de-
sirable. However, too little is made to suflice for
consumption.

Q,tl ERIES ON THE CUI.TURE OF CORK.

To the Editor of the New England Farmer.

Sir, — I have read many communications on
the culture of Indian corn, in your excellent
Journal ; and in the last, one by Mr Daniel Chan-
dler. Planting but little corn, I should like to
pursue that course of culture, which will be the
most productive of profit. Presuming on Mr
Chandler's ability, and disposition to instruct the
ignorant, I venture to request that he would in-
form me through the medium of your Farmer on
the following particulars, viz.

How he is located as to soil and climate .' How
long he lets his corn land lay in sward .' What
depth he ploughs and furrows ? What depth, and
at what time he plants ? The time of the first and
last dressings .' Whether he tops the stalk, and at
what season of its growth ? Is raising the earth
round the corn a benefit ? How he would apply
coarse, barn, and hog yard manure ? Whether the
" Phinney corn," is an early variety, and how I
can procure one eighth of a bushel for trial .' What

306

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRII, 8, 1835,

kind of turnip seed he would prefer ? Whetlirr
the turnip seed might not be sowed before the
last dressing and thereby covered ? &c. (See.

Mr Editor, not being well i)ractiseil in agricul-
tural pursuits, as the above will [ilaiidy y>rove, I
ho|io I shall be indulged, and my partictdarinyms-
iliveness, not decnjed impertinence.

I would remark, that the land I cultivate is a
light, and a])parently rather cold loam, on a sub-
stratum of sand and gravel to a great depth.
Uespecting difierent kinds, eight, ten, and twelve
rowed corn, I can only say, that I have always
found it growing promiscuously in ray fields ; have
planted, but could never keep it separate, and have
foiuid ten and twelve rowed cars on the same
blalk. Zacheus IIabilin.

Barnstable, March 30, 1835.

[From tile New Hampshire Pentinel.J -
Mr Editor, — I have been cultivating a piece
of Meadow or swamp land of about six acres,
and have often been inquired of respecting the
method of cultivation, and expense, what the
crops were, profits, &c. and if you think the fol-
lowing worth a place in your paper you are at lib-
erty to print it.

The swamp alluded to, when I bought my farm
eighteen years ago, had' been partly cleared, and
was very wet, owing to the small brook that pass-
ed through it being filled up with brush, &c. It
produced some joint grass ; but principally flags,
hard hack, and moss. I first commenced by
opening the brook, which drained it and killed all
the flags and nearly all the grass ; I then cut a
ditch round a piece of about eighty square rods,
cut of all the stumps and the most prominent
bunches of moss, and after it was frozen, carted
on two hundred and fifty loads of gravel, and lev-
elled it ; carted on ten loads of fall manure, and
in the spring following, spread it, and sowed on
oats, and grass seed. I had a good cro]is of oats,
and the following season it was estimated by
good judges, that we had twentyfive hundred of
hay. The next year, I encircled about half an
acre more with a broad ditch, cut the turf and
moss into squares of twenty inches diameter each,
.-ind turned it over with a long prong hook, took
out all the stumps and roots, leaving it as level as
possible, and carted on two hundred loads of grav-
<■!, and eleven of niauure. In the spring follow-
ing sowed on oats and grass seed, spreading on
seventeen bushels of live ashe.s. I had a good
crop of oats, and the next year one and a half
tons best herds grass hay. The next piece of
about half an acre, I cultivated in the following
manner:— After enclosing it in a ditch, I began
on one side and cut the turf into squares, of about
twenty inches in diameter each, jjiled them out of
the way, and dug out the mud eight or ten inches
dei^p, then cut out another tier of squares, turned
I hem hito the trench, dug down as before, and laid
the mud on them, and in like manner until the
piece was completed, taking out all the stumps,
roots, &c. — the next sjiring planted it with [iota-
toes, manuring about the same as comrnou on up-
land : the potatoes yielding at the rate of three
hundred bushels to the acre. After taking ofl'the
crop in the fall we levelled the mud, and in Jjie
winter carted on about twenty loads of gravel, ten
of manure, and six of leached ashes. In the
spring after, spread all as equal as possible, sow-
ed oats and grass seed. The oats grew very large

as did the grass the next season. The method
last mentioned, I have adopted in cultivating the
remainder of the old or cleared part of the mead-
ow. Of the part covered with wood we measur-
ed off one acre, cut a large ditch round it, cut by
the roots all the wood and brush, carried off' the
wood and stumps, burned the brush, carried on
sixteen loads of manure and in the spring follow-
ing, laid out the manure a suitable distance on the
top of the swamp, and planted it with potatoes,
raised three hundred and fifty bushels. After the
cro]) was ofl', we levelled it, taking out all the roots
near the top of the swamp, and sledded on ten loads
of leached ashes ; in the spring following, spread
them, sowed on oats and herds grass seed. The
oats grew very large, and lodged down early so
they did not fill. The grass took well ; and bids
fair for a large crop next season. The remainder
of the swamp I have cleared and planted in a like
manner, last season.

The expense of ditching, digging up, and turn-
ing an acre of the old meadow in the way above
described, is about thirtysix dollars. The expense
of cutting the wood and brush, from the acre
above described, was twenty dollars. There were
twentytwo cords of wood. I sold the wood,
which paid for clearing. The profit of the pota-
to crop, after paying the expense was about
twenty dollars. Four acres of this land,
(which by the way was all there was into
grass then) produced the last season at twice
cropping, as near as could be estimated, sixteen
tons of good herds grass hay. Should it be asked
if this land will continue to be thus productive, I
answer, it will not, without manuring. It will
want atop dressing once in about three years. A
mixture of horse manure, loam and ashes, with
the mud, causes a fermentation, and produces
rapid vegetation. The object of the above de-
scription is two fold, — first, to answer the inquiry
of numerous individuals, as stated above; second-
ly, hoping that it will come under the notice of
some gentleman who has been cultivating this
kind of land, who will be willing to publish the
result of his experience: for I am fully of the
opinion that this kind of land, when known, and
properly cultivated, will be the most jirofitable we
have. John Conant.

Jnffrcy, January 27, 1835.

fFroni tlie Genesee Farmer.]
lilME <fcc. FOR CORN.

Our readers will find below an account of a
large crop of corn raised by MrSemmes, of Mary-
land, the past season. The whole process pur-
sued in the improvement of this lan^ is not detail-
ed, but we are led to understand, that the great
product is in a considerable degree to be ascribed
to the use of a mixture of jdastcr and leached
ashes. Having ascertained the beneficial effects
of this manure by repeated experiments, we feel
ourselves well warranted in recommending the
use of it to such of our readers as can procure it.

Let leached ashes and plaster be mixed, in the
pro|)ortion «f two linshels of ashes to one of plas-
ter, and let a small handful of the mixture be
dropped in eacli hill of corn, covered with it, ami
the eflect will be surprising, especially if a few
rows are left in the field to which the manure is
not applied, the difference will be visible and
great throughout the season, and we doubt wheth-
er this mode of manuring corn in the h]jL is not

the cheapest, in proportion to the profit, of any
which can be applied. We beg our readers to
make the experiment, and satisfy themselves.
We have found unleached ashes equally good,
when mixed with plaster in the same proportion.
We have also found a similar application of slack-
ed lime to each hill, highly advantogeons, and
would therefore recommend it, especially to those
who cannot procure the plaster. The following
is the account rcferreil to.

Extract from the Journal of a gentleman who tra-
velled for Agricultural information.

JVov. 1st. 1834. — Visited Mr John Semmes, of
St Mary's county, Maryland, who informs us that
his great crop of corn averaged upwards of twenty-
five barrels the acre. Respectable judges of the
county were ajipointed to ascertain the quantity of
corn, and after having accurately measured one
acre the corn was gathered and measured. The
farm is uncommonly hilly.

Process. — He prepares his ground by clover,
the ground laid off from five by two and a half to-
three feet. The corn then dropped, three grains
in the check, followed by persons who drop on
the corn, or even if they are in advance of the
corn-droppers, a handful of two-thirds leached
ashes, and one-third plaster, mixed before it is
dropped. Should the corn not come up regularly
he drops one or two S(!eds raore, as may be neces-
sary. Ile^ gathers his seed corn from the field
before gathering the crop, so as to have a choice of
ears. He plants from the 1st to the 10th of April,
and ploughs four inches deep. — Tennessee Farmer

Diseases of Sheep. — Between the year 1812
and 1835, I was considerably in the sheep Jius-
bandry, and by purchase and sale frequently
changed my flock, reducing and enlarging it as
circumstances occurred. Twice I observed that
many of my sheep were running at the nose. I
took

2 ounces of Scotch Snuff,

J an ounce of Red Oxide of Iron,
reduced to a fine powder, and mixed intimately.
This mixture I put into the bowl of a common
smoking pipe, and on each occasion blowed a little
of the mixlure into each nostril of my sheep. It
produced sneezing, and soon checked the I'unning
at the uosp, and I never was troubled with it
afterward.

My sheep were several times observed to shed
their wool, — to lose flesh, and appear dwindling
and sickly. I took

2 ounces Gamboge,

1 ounce Saltpetre, j

6 quarts of Charcoal in pov.dcr,

6 quarts common salt,

1 ounce of scales of Iron from the black
smith's block,
reduced all to jiowderand mixed intimately. With
this mixture I salted iny sheep twice a week and it
soon checked the shedding of wool. They throve'
and did well.

The rationale I take to be as follows : — Iron is,
a powcrfiil tonic, and where tone is properlyj
maintained we seldom are troubled with worms
the Gamboge in the form here prescribed operatei
as an expectorant, promotes the discharge of tin
skin — the Saltpetre is a good diuretic, and carri
off by the urine much offensive matter — thft
Charcoal is a powerful antiseptic, whether used
internally or externally, and tends much to correct

\'3Zj. Xin. NO. 39.

AN][) GARDENER'S JOURNAL

307

any teiiiloiicy to Gangrene, Murrain, Scab, or
otlier iiiorliid afl'i-L-tions; and the common silt is
added merely to induce tlie sheep to take it. Tliis
mixture li.as been used fur the Inst ten or fifteen
years witli uniform success.

Perlinps it woidd be Ijetter to tnke Ijalf an
ounce of sulpliateof iron (or copjjeras,) and put it
un a sliovel till the water of crystallization is ex-
pelled— then reduce to fine powder and mix with
the sniiff, to be used as above <lirected — but the
icid, though it would act more speedily might
[icrhaps be injurious.

Whether in these cases tliere were any worms
II the head or lungs, I am not informed, as no post
nortem examination was held as 1 know of, but I
conceive that thi; iron would reach every part of
he system through the medium of the circulation,
uid by constringing the fibre, either expel or pre-
I'ent the attacks of w«rms — at any rate I have
bund it effectual in preserving the health of my
iheep. I believe it to be infallible in the disorders
lUuded to. — Genesee Farmer.

ITEMS.

Apples eoon tor IIogs. — We have been
ately informed by fanners, who liave tried the
xperiment, that apples are very good for fatten-
ng hogs, and also sheep and cattle. They stated
hat the apples were better by being boiled before
ising, and that they were fully convinced, if em-
ployed in this way, they are nearly if not quite as
ood for hogs or sheep, as an equal quantity |ofpota-
oes. Sweet apples are the best of any kind, being
lost nutritious, but all kinds are good.

If this is a fact, farmei-s will have no occasion
> cut down their apple trees, though tJie total ab-
tinence principles generally prevail ; nor will
ley suffer any pecuniary loss from the want of a
riarket for cider, for, if apples are worth as niucli
ir nearly as much, for hogs or sheep, as potatoes,
urely it will be more profitable to have them con-

nicd in this Avay, than to make them into cider,
his subject is worthy of consideration. — Hamp-
dre Gazette.

Preservation of Baco.v. — Sir : In the Gen-
iee Farmer, of June 30, I noticed an article on
le preservation of bacon, by means of charcoal,
hich meets my views perfectly. Charcoal is
Ttainly one of the best antiseptics that we know
; and I think if run through a tanner's bark
ill, would be reduced about fine enough. An
ch or two of the coal laid in the bottom of a
sk or box, and the hams laid on it in close
der, then covered with charcoal, then another
yer of bacon covered in like manner, and so
oceeding with another layer, covering each with
arcoal, I think, it will be perfectly secure
:ainst any rancidity, taint or worms.

Result of Knowledge. — Three farmers in
State of New Hampshire, who had attended
:ourse of lectures on geology, and therebv he-
me familiarly acquainted with the different
ids of minerals, afterwards purchased a quanti-

of laud abounding with the finest granite a

:t unknown to the owner of the soil for

000, the price asked for it. They liave since
en offered /iJc hundred thousand dollars for the

id. » Facts are stubborn things." Pittshur«-

sUer. °

In one of his geological lectures at Boston

borhood of New Haven, there is a vein of beauti-
ful green marble, the vtrde antique of the ancients
which extended for several miles, some of which
has been quarried at great exjiense, and used for
tables and architectural ornaments. Mr S. con-
sidered that at a future day this immense mass of
green marble, probably the only one of the kind
in the country, would be nmch prized.

Dots in Horses. — I have read your articles in
the Farmer under this head, and though the senti-
ments are quite discordant with common opinions
on this subject, still I have no disposition to at-
tempt their refutation. I have a remedy which I
have seen applied in a number of cases of what
arc called Bots, with complete success. The iire-
scription is as follows : Mix, in a convenient bot-
tle, one pint of good vinegar and half a pint of
good ashes. The horse should be previously pre-
pared to receive the dose immediately on mixing
it, as the eflervescence produced by the acid of
the vinegar and the alkali of the ashes will
render it difficult to retain the compound
many minutes after mixing. From one to three
bottles will, I tliiuk, in all cases be found sutficient.
I have known this medicine administered to
horses ajiparently in the last stage of the disease,
and have never known it fail of producing relief
in less than ten minutes. The .ashes should be
sifted. — Genesee Farmer.

Coring Butter. — A writer signing himself
" Old Dutchess," says, butter should be cured
without the aid of water. " The practice I re-
commend," he says, " from long experience, is
as follows: When the butter comes from the
churn, put it in a clean wooden bowl, and with a
wooden liutter ladle proceed to work it by break-
ing it down at the sides and turning off the whey
which is separated in the process ; at the same
time strew on the salt by degrees, so that it be-
come intimately incorporated. Continue working
it thus until the buttermilk is apparently all work-
ed out. Put it then by in a cold cellar till the
next morning, by which time the salt is dissolved,
when the ladle is to be again applied, and continu-
ed as long as any buttermilk can be separated.
The butter is then fit for use or laying down.
For preserving, stoneware jars are jireferable, as
they impart no taste to the butter and exclude the
air. Pack down the butter without any salt be-
tween the layers, and cover with two inches of
strong brine, previously boiled, skimmed and suf-
fered to become cold. If a scum should after-
wards appear on the brine which will sometimes
happen in damp cellars, renew the pickle. The
impurities which rise to the surface while boiling,
or are found in the residium at the bottom, are far
greater than anyone would suppose who is not in
the habit of boiling his brine for meat, butter, &c.
Butter thus manufactured and cured will keep a
twelvemonth or more, perfectly sweet ; and the
rich delicacy of flavor imparted to that made in
May or June, by the young herbage, will be in a
great measure preserved. It is compact, without
being too adhesive, cuts with a smooth surface, and
shows neither lumps of salt, buttermilk, nor eruin-
bles."_X F. Farmer.

Flour of Slippery Elm. We have, says a
correspondent of the United States Gazette, but
to learn and obtain knowledge. Bein" in the
country, a few days since, to visit a sick friend, I
was shown an article entirely new to me, which

p J,.-". .v,t,Luic-a *it iiuHiou, "tio Biiuwii ail aiiicie eiuireiy new to me wnicn

ijfessor Silliman mentioned that in the neigh- is said to be remarkably nutritious and palatable

for debilitated and sick persona. It was flour pre-
pared by the shakers from .slippery elm, and used
the same as arrow root. One table spoonfiil of
this flour, boiled in a pint of new milk, is excel-
lent to feed infants weaned from the breast ; they
will not only fatten upon it, hut it will prevent
bowel complaint. It makes an easy and nutritious
diet for consumptive and dyspeptic persons.
From the character I received of it I presume
that it only need be known to become of general
use. It is sold by Isaac Thompson, druggist,
corner of Market and Second streets, Philadel-
phia.— ff'eslern Farmer.

" On the subject of harrowing in Clover Seed
in the spring, on winter wheat, I have for seve/al
years been in the practice of sowing my seed af-
ter the groimd gets so hard as not to be cut up bv
the tread of the team,.^say the fore jiart of April
in common years, — and then put on a common
two horse harrow, and go once over. When the
clover is in its first leaf from the seed leaf, I sow
on one bushel of plaster to the acre ; and I have
never lost a crop of clover since adopting this
practice. Last spring I sowed about four bushels
of seed ; and in consequence of very windy
weather, could sow but a little while in the morning.
I did not finish until the first week in May, yet at
harvest my clover covered the ground. If sowed
and harrowed as above too earl}', and the season
favorable for clover, it sometimes gets so large be-
fore harvesting, that it is in the way of the scythe,
or rather it cuts in with the wheat, which is a
damage.

" As to the advantage or disadvantage to the
wheat crop, I think it almost as beneficial as the
first dressing of Indian corn." — Tennessee Farmer.

Maple Sugar. — There is a great deal of this
article, manufactured in this State, and not a little
in this country. The weather for the last week
has been just the thing for our farmers, who are
expecting to have a good supply of sugar and mo-
la.sscs — that is to say, we have had freezing nights
and thawing days. A considerable quantity of
this article is carried to Boston, where it finds a
ready market ; some of it being as white and as
valuable, as the best loaf sugar. It is used quite
extensively by families who are so fortunate as to
own a fine sugar lot. The molasses is of the first
quality — a touch or two above the common. We
are told by one farmer that he shall make about a
thousand weight of sugar this season, and a barrel
or two of molasses. There are some luxuries in
the country that are not known in the city — or if
so, they are only to be had for love, or if purchas-
ed at all, cannot be done " without money and
« ithout price." Among these are good apples,
good cider, and maple sugar. If some of our
metropolitan friends could see the streams running
into the sugar buckets from the spouts that are let
into tlie maple trees, we, as a Yankee, lose our
guess, if their mouths would not water a little,
that's all. — C'laremonl Eagle.

Early Lettuce. — At the rooms of the Horti-
cultural Society on Saturday March 7, and March
14, we observed some heads of lettuce of very
superior qualit}'. They were from the garden of
Col. B. C. Howard, and are highly creditable to
the skill and industry of the gardener ; they were
equal to any produced In the summer season, not-
withstanding the e.xtreme cold of the past winter.
— Baltimore Farmer.

308

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APUII. 6, 1835.

[From the New York Farmer.]
SWIKE.
Mr Editor, — To iiKiuisitivo niiuds facts are
always instructive and vahiable. " What man
has tionc, man can do." This is a lesson of the
highest practical utility. The experiments of
others excite competition, and tlieir success en-
courages and animates our exertions. For these
reasons I jiropose to give you, from my agricul-
tural minutes, a few accounts of the success of
some individuals in fottening swine. I shall pot
refer to any examples of hogs which have been
kept to an advauced age, and on account of their
extraordinary size have been carried through the
coimtry for exhibition. Some of these have been
of an enormous size. But I propose to give you
the weight of some whicli have been fatted for
consumption, and their weight when dressed for
the market. I shall put down, where they are
, ascertained, the place and year where and when
they have been raised, their owner's names, their
age, and weight.

1815 Eli Cooley, Deerfield, Mass., killed

eight. They were all of one litter, and were 19
months old. Their weight is as subjoined — 577,
49-2, 520, 423, 492, 44-5, 405, 455 — lbs. total, 3809.

1823 — P. Denton, Greenfield, N. Y., four
pigs, 9 months 17 days, wt.348, 318, 310, 308
—total 1284

1824 — Oliver Chickering, Shrewsbury,
Mass. one, 19 months,

G. Wheelock, do. one, 20 months,
1825 — Maskell Ware, Rhodestown, N. J.
one,

1825 — Johnston, Bridgton, N. J. two 19
months,

1828 — Enoch James, Deerfield, N. H. one

18 months,

1828— Smith, Hunterdon, N. J. five hogs,
the oldest 12 months, four less than 11
months ; largest, 329 lbs. ; smallest, 268
weight of the whole,

1829_Stacy Hall, Portsmouth, N. H. one,
22 months,

This hog gained 500 lbs in less than a year.
He was of the Byfield breed.

1830 -Alanson Sessions, Cumberland,

R. I. one,
one,
Richard Leisure, Swanzey, R. I. one, 20
months,

1831 — John King, Medfoid, Mass., one,
30 months,

Samuel Dare, Salem county, N. J. one.

Weight alive, 1074 lbs.

D. Howell, Madison, six hogs, wt. 427, 436,
449, 483, 492, 538— total 2825

Capt. Mackay, Weston, t^vo hogs, 20
.months — wt.

Farmer in Dunning street, N. Y. twenty-
nine hogs, average wt. each,

1832 — Earl Stimson, Galway, N. Y. twen-
ty hog.s, average wt. each,

1832 Asa Littl(^field, Framingham, Mass.,

one, 18 to 19 months,

1834 In Nantucket, Mass. one.

Increase in 267 days, 295 lbs.
1834 — Sable Rogers, Springfield, Mass.
one, 2 years old,

1834 E. Thayer, Charlemom, Mass., one,

12 months,

1834 Pittston, Rensselaer county,

N. Y. two, 15 months,

1834 Lansingburgh, N. Y. one

14 months,

1834 — R. Benedict, Lagrange, Duchess
county, N. Y. sixteen hogs, average each,
1834 — S. B. Clapp, Lagrange, one 10 mo.
Called the Mocho breed : probably some
local designation.

1834— Andrew Lake, Sharon, Duchess
county, N. Y., twentyone hogs, average wt.

1834 Doty, Hempstead, L. I. two

hogs, 14 months old, one,
one
The above were fed upon apples and milk
through the last of the summer; in the fall
upon Indian meal, how prepared is not
known.

1834 De Wolfe, Deerfield, Mass.,

two hogs, one,
one,
1835 — Eben. Bunill, Jr., Lynn, Mass.
Three hogs, age not ascertained, but believ-
ed not to exceed 19 months :
one.

412

333
340

351

611

578

farmer, as well as a courteous and attentive land-
lord, has, through the kindness of Dr Hosack, a
boar from his stock, which promises extremely
well. He has likewise a cow from the improved
stock, of I. Whitaker, of England, of most ex-
traordinary excellence iu appearance and product ;
and much other stock, deserving the attention and
examination of every admirer of fine animals.
Meadowbanks, Jan. 7, 1835. H. C.

432

482

492
610

743

Total
1825 — Solomon Williams, Deei-field, Mass.
one.

1845

482
528

650

584

740

1100

716

1.501

682

675
645

712

726
954

1218

400

414

678
470

708
642
893

Total, 1010

Such results as the above are certainly remark-
able and encouraging. Much, undoubtedly, of
such success is owing to the particular breed of
hogs : not a little to the management and mode
of feeding. In no branch of husbandry has
there been greater and more acknowledged im-
provement than iu the race of swine, within in-
deed the memory of most of us. This improve-
ment, in the judgment of one of the most distin-
guished butchers and packers of pork in Boston,
has added hundreds of thousands of dollars to
Massachusetts. The origin of the Byfield breed
I perfectly well remember. A respectable friend
of mine, living in Byfield, one of the parishes in
Newbury, Mass., being at market one day in New-
buryport, found a small Chinese boar pig, recent-
ly arrived in a vessel from India or Canton ;
which he obtained and carried home in his pannier
or market cart ; for it was then common to carry
meat to market in two large square baskets, hun
on either side of the saddle, where the farmer
rode. From this animal he propagated the stock
with success, which has spread through the whole
country, and even to Europe, under the same
name. This could not have been far from the
year 1790, and this good man and excellent far-
mer is still living. Since that time various cross-
es have been made, and other valuable breeds in
troduced into the country. Without question,
the finest boar in appearance which I have ever
seen is owned by David Hosack, Esq., M. D., at
his magnificent establishment at Hyde Park on
the lluilson ; whose superlatively fine stock of
Improved Durham Cows, not surpassed, and
when the number is considered, not equalled by
any, which have come under my observation, and
whose adniirublo stock of pure Dishley bucks and
ewes, reflect the highest honor upon his public
spirit, and his truly patriotic liberality. Mr Caleb
N. Bement, of Albany, the keeper of an excellent
hotel in Market street, a spirited and intelligent

old
saj

[From the Genesee Farmer.]
PRTJIT TREES GNAWED BY MICE.

Some years ago I had trt'o apple trees gnawed
all round under the snow by the mice. Unwilling
to lose them, I raised round them mounds of
earth ; and both putting out roots above the gnawed
parts, continued to grow, though with some
diminution of vigor. I found after a few years,
however, that they would never make good trees ;
they gradually declined, and both have long since
disappeared from the orchard.

I have seen a tree which was treated in a differ-
ent manner. The bark above and belom the dam-
aged parts, was connected together by strips of a
live branch which were iidaid or grafted, so that
the juice could descend through the.se strips, and
deposit the new wood as formerly, on the lower
parts of the tree. This prevented strangulation :
and restored it to the full tise of its roots.

The important difterence between these two
methods, should be better understood. In the
first place, the tree loses the use of all its
roots, perhaps after the first season, — for the
wood or alburnum in consequence of being un-
covered, must soon lose its vitality, and being in-
apable of transmitting the sap from the root tf
the branches. All below the girdled part thei
must become useless. The tree is reduced to thi
situation of ti ci(ttt?ig', depending for support en-
tirely on its new roots ; and as most of our frui
trees cannot be propagated in this manner, we an
not to expect that these roots can act with th<
same vigor as those which originated from Iht
primitive radical. The Chinese method of dwarf
ino- trees will fully illustrate this position. /
branch by girdling and moist earth is induced t<
put out roots ; it is then removed and planted ; bu
it always continues a dwarf, because it never ac
quires the strength and energy of the origina
tree.

I would'remark that the case is different will
the willow and the Lombardy poplar, cuttings o
which root freely and grow vigorously. And fur
ther that when the bark of a fruit tree is partiall;
and not entirely removed, the tree may often b<
saved by raising a mound of earth which prevent
the lacerated parts from drying ; and even whei
the bark is wholly gone and it is intended to con
nect the upper and lower lips of the wound b'
strips or grafts, the tree as soon as the injury i
discovered, should be protected by earth or a ])las
tcr of some kind, from the drying effects of th
sun and air.

[From the Tennessee Farmer.]
CLOVER.
As the proper period is near at hand for sow
iug this valuable grass, many of our readers wi
be desirous of obtaining information on the snl
ject, we have therefore thought it would be a(
ceptable to them, to receive the following obsei
vations, chiefly derived from the actual experieuf
of the editor.

VOL. XIII. NO. 39.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

309

O.V THE PREPARATION OF THE LAND FOR CLOVER.

Unless the ricliiicss of the land will cause thcni
to lodge, elover should be sown amongst oats, or
spring barley. 'J'lie grain should be well plough-
ed in, and the ground well harrowed, and the elo-
ver seed sown ininieiliately alter the liarrow, and
brushed in with a light brush, provided the grain
is not sown until after the hard frosts are over. If
the grain be sown earlier, it will be safer to defer
sowing the clover seed on it until the season shall
be thus far advanced, because, though after hav-
ing taken good root, the clover is a very hardy
jilant, yet when quite young it is liable to be kill-
ed, either by hard frosts, or by being exposed un-
protected to the rays of the sun. In favor-
able seasons, it will come up well w-ithout
brushing, but as, in case of a warm dry season,
about the time of coming up, much of tl\o seed
will otherwise perish, and the crop be rendered
too thin, it is much better to give them a slight
covering with the brush. The better the soil is
pulverised by the plough, harrow and brush, the
better the seed will vegetate, and the more level
or even the surface the greater the facility in
mowing.

QOANTITY OF SEED.

Almost universally, a false economy is practised
in sowing grass seed of almost every descrip-
tion in most parts of the United States. In this
country, a bushel of clover seed is generally al-
lowed to ten acres of land. If intended for pas-
ture, or if the seed be remarkably good and the
season very favorable, this quantity may he suffi-
cient. But if designed for mowing, or if the seed
be defective, as is often the case, or if the season
should prove imfavorable, the farmer will find,
that it would have been much more to his inter-
est, to have sown one and a half, or even two
bushels of seed on ten acres. It is true, that
generally, where one bushel only is sown on that
quantity of laud, the field will at mowing time
appear to be well covered with grass, but on ex-
amination, it will be found that the plants stand
thin on the ground, that the stalks are too large
and thick for good hay, and the quantity of grass
to the acre much less, than it would have been if
sown thicker, besides which, thin clover is much
more apt to lodge, than that which is thick, by
which, not only is the hay injured, but the mow-
ing greatly impeded. >

SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT.

As soon as the clover is up, if the land be not
very rich sow half a bushel of plaster to the acre,
this will have a powerful tendency to protect the
young clover from drought and the heat of the
sun, and thereby, to ensure the fields being well
set with grass. It is true, if the land be rich, and
the season favorable, the clover may stand well,
without the aid of the plaster, but otherwise there
will be great danger of losing the crop from the
want of it. Most of the complaints we hear of
clover not standing would have been prevented
by phistering it as soon as it came up.

After the grain is cut, it would be best not to
pasture the field at all, but at all events, it should
not be pastured with heavy stock, and only until
tlie grain left is consumed, much young clover is
greatly injured by excessive pasturing during the
first season of its growth, and the loss thereby
sustained greatly exceeds the profits of the
pasturage obtained, besides the great injury to the
land.

Should the weeds, or stubble, threaten to be in
the way of the scythe at mowing time, let them
be brushed down the preceding winter, or early in
the spring, or let the roller be run over the field.
After cutting the first crop for hay, which should
be doue when about half the heads have assumed
a brown color, if the land be not rich, and the
second crop he intended for seed, sow half a bush-
el ol' plaster to the acre, soon after the hay is re-
moved, the same quantity should have been sown
the April preceding on the .first crop. After cut-
ting the seed let nothing run on the field dtlring
the remainder of the year.

CULTIVATION OP .IIADDER.

There are consumed in the counties of Oneida
and Otsego, by three manufiicturing establishments,
about two hundred and thirtyfour thousand pounds
of Madder every three years. This article is dug
from the ground once in three years. Suppose
each acre produced from 1.500 to 2000 lbs., but
say the former, on a common soil, it would re-
quire 156 acres of land to produce Bladder for
these establishments, and perhaps the remaining
manufactories, cloth dressers, and families use hall
as much more, making in the w hole 356,000 lbs.,
which at 15 cents per pound, the average price of
best Dutch Madder for the last twelve years, is
over .$50,000. What a large sum to send to for-
eign countries, for an article which can be culti-
vated here as well as potatoes ! I am well aware
that less than 156 acres will produce the above
amount ; as, according to thq quality of the land
and cultivation, it will produce from 1.500 to 2000
pounds of dry Madder, I think it would produce
2000 pounds on land that will yield in a good
year 50 bushels of corn to the acre. — The vi hole
cost of cultivation on rich deep loam, say sandy
loam, digging, washing, drying, grinding, rent of
land, seed, and interest of money, at 2000 pounds
to the acre, will not exceed 7 cents per pound.
There are without doubt, on most farms in these
counties, a few acres of land at least suitable for
the cultivation of this article. I consider that the
demand will be for years unlimited ; as thei'e is
not as yet in the circle of my acquaintance, more
than twentyfive acres under cultivation, nine of
which are under my management. The price of
American Madder, for the three past years, has
averaged about 23 cents, wholesale. The time
for digging, as is also for selling the toj) roots, or
seed, is from the 15th of September to the 15th
of October ; the price at this time is $3 per bush-
el, by the quantity. These top roots, are buried
in the fall like potatoes, and planted the following
spring in drills, six feet apart between the drills,
(giving room for a crop of potatoes the first year,)
and 12 or 18 inches apart in the drills. It is bet-
ter to purchase the seed in the fall, as it will bear
transportation nnich better when the buds are not
much started, — and the price is considerably low-
er. The bottom roots are also dug at this time,
and washed, (or rinsed, if dug from a light soil,)
dried, &c. I have, of three years old roots, un-
engaged, 150 bushels, or enough to plant from 23
to 25 acres.

Mr James Eaton, of Winfield, Herkimer coun-
ty, is a successful cultivator and an honorable deal-
er in the article. There are also others, so that
applicants can be supplied to a considerable
amount. For more particular information, as to
the cultivation of Madder, see " Phinney's Calen-
dar, or Western Almanac, for 1834," — also a com-

munication in the Cultivator for August, in winch
is stated my success in the Cultivation of tliis root
for two or three years past.

As it is not the intention of the subscriber to
offer any remarks to the public but what he be-
lieves are founded in truth, he respectfully invites
editors of newspapers devoted to agriculture and
manufactures, to copy some portion of the above
into their respective papers — also other editors
who may consider the subject important to the
public.

A small package of ground Madder will be sent
on application, to the care of the President, or
Committee of any agricultural society in the
State previous to their annual fair, for the inspec-
tion of members interested. — .V. Y. Cultivator.

Giving strength to Thread, &c. — The
lixivium of oak bark has been employed for
scarcely any other purpose than that of the
tanner, and yet it is applicable to a great variety
of uses. If thread, cords, nets, coarse linen, &c.
be steeped in it, they acquire greater firmness and
durability. Fishermen have long resorted to this.
Nothing is more apt to spoil than skins, and yet
this preserves them. It is the same with hempen
and linen cloth. They contain much gummy and
resinous matter, which with tanning forms an en-
velope, and thus adds to their durability. Linen
ought not to steep more than eight or ten days in
this solution ; it acquires a very brown color.
When this color fades the operation may be re-
peated.

The best method of preserving nets and cord-
age is the following : dissolve two pounds of
Flemish glue in fifteen gallons of water — di|) the
nets, &c., in this solution, and then steep them in
a strong solution of oak or chestnut bark, — the
tannin combines with the gelatin, and forms, be-
tween the fibres of the hemp, a solid net work
which adds great strength to the cords. Any
bark which contains tannin ma}' be employed in
making a decoction: so bones, parings of skins,
remains of fish, &c. and generally all substances
containing gelatin may be used in making gelati-
nous solution. Fishermen who throw away ge-
latinous fish, may use them for this purpose. —
Jour, des Connais. Usuelles.

Cure for the whooping Cough. — Take
one fourth of a pint of sweet olive oil, the same
quantity of common leeks — cut them fine, and
simmer them moderately, two or three hours ; add
honey sufficient to make it palatable ; half a table
spoonful a portion for an adult. If taken four or
five times it will, in a few days, remove this dis-
tressing disorder.

Ink. — The bark of the chestnut is said to con-
tain twice as much tan as that of the oak, and
gives with sulphate of iron a beautiful black ink.
The color which this tan produces is less liable to
change by the sun and rain, than that produced
by sumac.

A pair of fut Cattle owned by Mr I. C. Bates,

weighed the other day, four thousand three hundred
and forty pounds .' Mr Bates is one of the best
practical farmers among us. His sheep, horses and
cattle are of the finest breeds, and he understands
all about these matters. He is a real workingman,
none of your spurious pretenders. — Northampton
Cotirier.

310

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIl, 8, J835.

S?SW 2SS?<glS.^Si'2l> S-^JEffiSigma

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APKIL S, 1835.

PARMER'S WORK.

Jin easy and cheap viclhod ofrais'mg Polutoes. — " On
an even and smooth piece of mowing or pasture land,
make deep single furrows, with a plough, at three feet
distance. Fill these furrows with rye (or any other)
straw, and drop your potatoes, six or eight inches apart,
on the straw. Then with a hoe cover tlie potatoes, by
turning down the ploughed furrows upon them. They
will require no more attention till they are grown ; no
hoeing will be necessary. The same land may he used
as a pasture for sheep, as those animals will not eat, nor
materially injure the tops of the potatoes."

This article was published in the N. E. Farmer, vol.
ii . p. 350, and it is there added, " the writer is informed
that this method is practised with success, in the towns
of Winchester and Swanzey, in New Hampshire."—
Since the above was published [in May, 1834], we
have no recollection of seeing or hearing anything fur-
ther relative to the mode of planting potatoes therein
described. We think it probable that there may be ad-
vantaiTcs in growing potatoes and pasturing sheep on
the same land. If so, we will be nuich obliged to Messrs
A,, B., C, &c. to the end of the alphabet, if they, or
any of them, will try the experiment, and communicate
its results for publication in the N. E. Farmer. We
would, moreover, beg leave to suggest one or tw^o alter-
ations, perhaps improvements, in the process. In tlie
first place, supposing, goodmah cultivator, you should
try fiiUm leaves, or the mould produced by the decom-
position of fallen leaves from an adjacent wood lot, as
substitutes for straw, to place in the furrow in which
your potatoes are to he planted. Fallen leaves, taken
from the woods, are recommended by a correspondent
of the Bath Society, in England. Leaves for manuring
potatoes, according to that writer, cause them to be
much more mealy, and of a finer flavor than when they
are produced by the application of manure from stables
or barn yards. But we should be apprehensive that the
seed potatoes, if bedded or surrounded by leaves, would
not vegetate freely, and that they might be injured by
.drought. We would, therefore, advise not to apply
leaves to potatoes in hills or drills till after about an
inch of soil has been laid over the planted roots. If
unrotted manure be laid immediately over or under the
seed, either of potatoes or corn, the plants are liable to
be injured by drought.

These directions may seem needlessly minute, but
in agriculture as well as in other arts, great eft'ects
often depend on small causes. Even the position of a
seed potato in its hill is an object of importance.
That eminent cultivator, T. A. Knight says " when
the planter is anxious to obtain a crop within the least
possible time, he will find the position in which the tubers
are placed to vegetate, by no means a matter of indif-
ference ; for these being shoots or brunches, which have
grown thick instead of elongating, retain the disposition
of branches to propel tlie sap to their loading buds, or
points most distant from the stems of the plants
of which they once formed parts. If the tubers be
placed with their leading buds upwards, a few very
strong and very early shoots will spring from thent ;
but if their position be reversed, many later and weak-
er shoots will be produced ; and not only the earliness
but the quality of the produce in size will be much
affected."— Wort. Trans, iv. p. 44!^.

Elder boughs for Sheep, S^-c. — A correspondent with
the signature 15. from Bridgeport observed, " Instead of
tar, turpentine, resin, and spirits of turpentine, in mid

winter, and towards spring, when sheep are looking fur
some green thing, and finding none, I give them elder
boughs, which they feed on with sufficient avidity for
medicinal purposes, and thus, I think, very much pro-
mote their health and .nppetite. If any of the above
things are absolutely necessary, though I do not know
for what particular complaints they are recommended,
I should prefer the resin in powder, as that may correct
the cough, wliich often prevails among old and poor
sheep ; and I know it to be a remedy for the heaves, by
giving to the horse a table spoonful, with the same
quantity of nitre finely powdered, and given once a
day in his m^'ss. I have several times stopped the dis-
ease, when coming on in three successive days."

Preservation of Lamhs froin Vermin. — An ointment
made of gun powder, brimstone, and common grease,
applied behind the necks of the lambs, will infallibly
preserve them from all kinds of vermin. The quantity
requisite is so small, that sixpenny worth is sufficient to
dress two hundred lambs. — French paper.

Early Potatoes. — A writer for the Ellsworth Courier
recommends the following method of raising early po-
tatoes, " Take as many potatoes a« you wish to plant
for early ones, put them in a box or barrel, well mixed
in with dry loam and horse manure mixed together,
then put them in an ash hole, or some warm place in
the sun, covered from the rain, there let them remain un-
til the sprouts are from one to two inches long, by which
time the ground will become warm as well as the season
■ — have your ground prepared, made good and well ma-
nured ; then take your potatoes, very carefully cut, or
plant whole as you please, but do not injure the sprouts,
and be careful to cover with light earth, and as soon
as they are up an inch pr two hoe them carefully, and
in this waj- you may have potatoes by the 15th or 2Uth
of J-uly, and you get an early kind by the 4th."

This plan we believe, would answer well as a substi-
tute for a hot bed, to force the early growth of potatoes,
when cultivators are not accommodated with this use
ful appendage to a farm as well as a garden.

his escape from the battle at Lexington, she entreated
him, with tears in her eyes, not again to risk a life so
dear to her and so necessary to his country. ' Where-
ever danger is, dear mother,' waa his reply, ' there
must your son be, now is no time for one of America's
children to shrink from the most hazardous duty. 1
will cither see my country /j-cc, or shed my last drop oT
blood to make lier so.' "

This work contains the only copy we have seen of an

" 0r.4TI0N DELIVF.nED, IN BoSTON, MaKCH G, 1775,

BY Dk Joseph Wakren, in commemoration of the
Evening of the fifth of March, 1770. This alone
is worth ten times the price of the book, which may be
obtained at the bookstore of James Loring, 139, Wash-
ington Street.

Stories about Geucral "VVarreu &c.— By a Lady of
Boston.

Situated as we are in this emporium of literature,
where authors and reviewers are almost as abundant as
rain drops in an equinoctial storm, and our paper devo-
ted to specific objects, we have neither room, leisure,
nor occasion to (rive critiques or notices of works is-
suing from the American press, unless they relate to
Agriculture or Rural Economy. Still tlie little book
with the above title has claims to attention, which no
patriot can overlook without forfeiting every pretpnsion
to be considered a friend to liberty and his country.

We cannot too frequently recur to the noble senti-
ments, moral and physical courage, unexampled priva-
tions, as well as heroic deeds of the revolutionary wor-
thies to whom under divine Providence we are indebted
for our Independence and existence as a nation. And
among the most high minded and intrepid, and able,
and disinterested champions of American freedom, the
Immortal Warren stands pre-eminent. From infan-
cy his name has, with us, been associated with all that
is magnanimous in patriotism and praiseworthy in he-
roism; and in consequence of its melancholy associa-
tions, it has inspired an interesst, scarcely less thrilling
than that of Washington. Never was a nobler sacri-
fice, self immolated, on the altar of liberty than that of
General Wauren ; and never was a nobler sentiment
expressed than fell from his lips according to the motto
of tliese " STORIES," wliich is as follows :

" When Gen. Warren's mother first saw him after

Wool Growers' Fair. — The Franklin Mercury
recommends the establishment in some convenient town
in the interior, of a general wool market. The plan
proposed is in accordance with the Fairs in Europe,
where, on an appointed day, all interested either as sell-
ers or buyers come together, and the business of the
year is done up at once. The wool trade of ourcountry
is becoming of great importance, and the mode of car-
rying it on, must of course soon assume more system
and order.

Wool. — This article has been so low during the win-
ter, that most of our farmers have kept it on hand, with
the expectation it would ere long bring a higher price.
The demand for domestic wool has however been greater
within a tew weeks, and several lots have been disposed
of in this vicinity at a higher price than heretofore.
We have heard of seventyfive cents being offered for
Saxony wool during the last week. We annex the
latest sales. Prime or SaxoHy fleece lb. G5a75; Amer-
ican full blood, washed 55 a CO; do. three quarters do-
50 a 55 ; do. one half do. 49 or 48 ; one quarter and
common 30 a 49 ; superfine northern pulled lambs' 55 a
60 ; No 1 do. 45 a 50 ; 9 do. 30 a 33 ; 3 do. 95 a 30e.—
Clarcmont, JV. H. Eagle.

Appointments bv the Lt. Governor and Council.
— The following re-appointments have been made, lim-
ited to the term of five years, under the provisions of
the Act of March 27, 183.5, entitled " an Act limiting
the tenure of the office of Inspector"; —

John B. Wells of Boston, Inspector General of Beef
and Pork.

Solomon D. Townsend of Boston, Inspector General
of Pot and Pearl Ashes.

Edmund Wright of Boston, Inspector General of
Butler and Lard.

John Dodd of Boston, Inspector of Tobacco for Bos-
ton and Charlestown.

Joseph Meigs of Rochester, Inspector Genera! of
Salt, for all the counties excepting Bristol, Barnstable
and Dukes.

Samuel Leonard, of New Bedford, Inspector Genera!
of Salt, for the county of Bristol.

Elij.-ili Cobb of Brewster, Inspector General of Salt,
for the counties of Barnstable and Dukes.

Warning to Newspaper Thieves. — A man named
Cyrene Payne was taken before the Police Court last |
Saturday afternoon, under a charge of stealing a copy j
of the Evening Gazette, and of the Evening Mercantile j
Journal, from the door of Benjamin Bradley, Temple
street. He produced testimonials of good characteo
heretofore, but was sentenced to pay a fine of $5 and
costs. If not paid within ten days, to three months in
the House of Correction — from which sentence he ap,^
pealed. — Mercantile Journal.

aud

VOt. Xm. KO. 39.

Sfeivbiuj-poit Agricultural Warelioiise
SEED STORE.

TllK suhscribpr, Asciitlor the New Kngland Seed Slore
has received a lull assnrlment of Garden mid Flown- Seeds
liused and pul up e.vnressly for Ihe New England Seed Es-
lahlishmeut, in papers with Iheir labels on lliem with direclions
lor rnllivaling-, i^-c. warranted of llie growth ol lS3i..

Also received fiom the Agricultural WarehoKse, lloslon
anu Manufacturers, a general assortment of Hloughs, Cultiva-
tors Hay Cutters, Hay Knives, Hoes, Garden Hoes, Manure
I'orks, bhovols, Spades. Churns, <^.c. 'J'he above establish-
ment was opened by the subscriber last Spriiijj, and arran"e-
Rients made lo be coiistnntiv supplied with all kinds of Gar-
den and Farming 'j ools, including those of the Dairy, which
he oilers at manufactuiers' iirices. VVM. HILL

., . -A'c. 3, South Row, Market Square.

Newburyporl, April 1. 3(»

AND GARDEN

4000 APPLE TREES

For sale by the subscriber, at Fresh Pond, in Camhrido-e-
ronsistnig- of Baldwins, Russetts, I'orters, Rivers, Siberian
Urabs, and Clue Pearmains. The trees are four years from
he bud and are probably the best in Massachusetts

r, ,., . ., JONAS WYETH.

Cambridge, April S.

COMPLETE PARMER AWD RURAL ECONOMIST

C.KonGE C. Bahkktt and Russki.l, Ouio-tNi- A. Co

EXTRA EARLY^EAS^

The Earliest r)warf Pea grows about 20 inches hi"h Is a

lered by the subscriber was rai.sed evuresslv inr ii,J % i
land Seed Slore, near Canada line '^ '" ""^ "*""' ^'"S'
Market Gardeners and others will be supplied with lar-e or
sntall quantities if applied for early in the season °^ "'

-J^ILll . GEO. C. BARRETT.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

AVANTS A SITUATION.

An c.Ypetienced Gardener, well acquainted with all the
>ranclies of gardening, wants a situation— good reference can
le made. Address R. E. at this oflice. April 8.

SILVER FIRS, <tc.

William Mann of Bangor, Me. «ill execute al short no-
ce orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, .J-c. well packed and
l^good order. April S.

FOR SALE, or To Let for the Season.

The celebrated Si-allions, Highlander and Dey of AKiers
Jso— si.M lliorough bred Durham improved Short Horned
■BLLS. Also— a number of Heifers and Cows of the same
reed, fyxsak. Inquire of RALPH WATSON, East Wind-
"■'C™!!. Aprils.

FOR SALE OR TO LET

warrs"^;,'::"" ^'-res, provided :^^:'[i:zi

For further particulars apply at this office, „ ],.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE

One runner, S leel diameter, 17 iiiches thick

Ivvo driving wheels, partly worn, with pinions and spindles

A pair of mill stones, superior grit 4 feet S inches ,■=

runner .8 inches thick, witl^ the r?quisUe iron w^r'" '"™^"^^'
Ihe above will besold low. if immediate an.>Hcpi;„„ • j

^'Mar^hTl'.'"" """^ "'■ '"^ ""^'y Adv^nrer&Tmrio't! "'"'^

GROUND PLASTER,

From die Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 5(10 lbs
icb, constantly on hand and for sale by GEO. CLARK li-
O. No. 9, T Wharf. april 8. ^

ORTICULTUUAL REGISTER & GAIiDENERs
MAGAZINE,

For April, this Day published.
Conti;.;nts.-L Gladiolus cardinalis, (with a colored plate)
■-. On the cultivation of Cypress Vine and other tender an-
lals-J. On the culture of Milk-weed^-t. Importance of
tpcfimental Horticulture— .5. On the Grape aud the Manu-
:tnrc of U me— 6. On the cultivation of Quick Set Hedtres
lhi& country— 7. On Hedges— 8. Rose-Bugs— 9. Notices of
; newest and best Fruits and Vegetables— 10. Pinus Lam-
rtiana— IL fllassachusetls Horticultural Society- 1« Gar-
ners' Work for April.
SubscriptioEs received at this office.
*P"'l- GEO. C.BARRETT.

KALMIAS, AZALEAS, &c.

riiE subscriber will furnish Kalmia latifolias and Azalea

^t"'!.'" '"■"/■"''^ °'\ 2^, ?'■''• P^'^''«'' fnm"ss.al the rate
gl-.50 per hundred, delivered at Geo. C. Barrett's
jd Slore, who IS agent, at short notice. Also, a great vari-
; ot indigenous and exotic shrubs, and herbaceous plants
Lancaster Garden, March 27. JOS. BRECK

AGENCY IN CONCORD, N. H.

ly^nir^LP J^n-T, '"*" ^'■'■'^f",'''' '1"= agency of the New Eng-
J Seed Establishment and has recefved a full assortment If
RnE^ atid 1. LOWER Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
ts for cultrvaimg, &c. on each paper. These Seeds are
rantid, being raised m gardens connected with the above
iblishment.
oncord, N. H. March 2i, 18.15.

IMPORTED VEGETABLE SEEDS.

ono Soulhgale Cucumber, Long Ridge do. Gherkin do.
erior Scarlo Radish, a small quantitv new Giant Marrow
s Skillmanshne netted Melon, Yellow Liverpool Tur-
Purple Egg P am, early and late Cauliflowers, early and
r-r T 'l^'™?'''/].''- ,-'^'" ■■'■'■eived by G. C. BAR-
IT, New England Seed Store. march 18.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. Buckminster's Nursery Framlnrrt,,™ . a ,

Ta^^h^^':;? ''-'" '''- '^-^' »'-'•'' '-Tfi-m^^it';';;^

.omio-'p'icef' """P' Vines,^allof the firs, quality, at cus-
march 4.

T~IMi^VED SHORT HORTXE^l^^Si^.

Dcmo'r rdm'ir:i,"^;;;','^e"cle°Vc"'"t;„''T T '."''' "'

z^-s:r:r^l:?----"-^^^-,^^^:

, • feb. 25.

WINSHIPS' NURSERIES-B^i^iiiJ^S^

The Messrs Winship of the Brighton Nurseries would
now give notice that the addition to their colle S of 7lv
and Ornamental Trees, S/,™i., etc.. enables them to offe^ ,'
Ihe pub ic an unusual variety of the different kinds of hr<^^
size and undoubted excellence ^

GEO. C. BARRETT at the Farmer office is their ap-ent

auer^ior'"" ""™=" "^ "■"' -«'- P'o^i andValSl
'. inarch 18.

KENRICK NURSERIES IN NEWTON.

„=!*"i,"!- I'^'i^u"^'^ proprietor of the New ion Nurseri'es has
established the agency of his nurseries at the Ne.v England
Farmer office, Boston, and all orders for Trees, Plants s"hrubs

"to^ r1' °- ^- BARRETT will be imm'edia"ei; atteid-
ea lo. Catalogues gratis on application lo Mr Barren
march 18. ""cii.

Apples, Baldwin,
Beans, white, ....
Beef, mps.s, (new)
Cargo, No. 1,

prime, ■ • . .
Bfe.^wax, (Americ n) .
I'.UTTEK inspected, No. 1, ,
Cheese, new milk, .

skimmed milk,
Feathers, northern, g;eese,
southern, geese,
Flax, American, . . . .
Flaxseed,

Flour, Genesee. . . rash
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow ,
southern jellow
white,
Rye, northern,

Barley, . . . .

Oats, nor hern, . (prime)
Hav, best English, . . . .
eastern screwed, ,
hard pressed, . . . .
Honey, • . . . .

Hops, 1st quality

2d quality ....
Lard, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, Isl sort,
Leather, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
LiarE, best sort, . . , ,
Pork, Mass. inspect. ext;a clear. .
Navy, mess, . . . ' ,
bone, middlings,
Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Fied Top, . . . '

Red Clover, northern,
White Dutch Honeysuckle, .
Tallow, tried, ....
Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces,

American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4lhs do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. L4 and common
Native washed
c ^ f Pulled superfine,
^-6 I 1st Lambs, .
■5J^2d do. . .

J §. 3d do, . .
I 1st Spinning, .
Southern pulled wool is generally 5 els.
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

ton

gallon
pound

FROM

3 00

2 50
11 00

9 50

7 00

20

14

8

?*

40

3d
10

]'25

3 62
.5 62
5 50
5 25

82

68

72

85

63

48

18 00

12 50

14 00

37

cask-
barrel

bushel

pound

cwt.
Jiound

s

19

12
16
18

27

25

1 10

20 00

16 00

8

225

77

25
7 60
65
.55
60
42
36
38
55
45
30
25
35

3 50

2 62

11 50

10 00

7 28

23

, 16

9

6

45

3a
11

1 30

5 75

5 7.5

5 62

3 50

83

77

73

90

63

50

19 50

13 00

15 00

42

1.)

10
9
20
14
IS
20
29
27

1 12
21 00
17 00

8 50

2 50
1 00

9
30
800
75
CO
55
48
42
60
40
30
33
30
40

NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST.

EORGE C. B.4RRETT and Russf:m., Odiornf .«. Co
on, have now m press, and will publish in a few weeks the
Id edition. =:reatU-enlargefl and improved, of the NEW

.lUCAN ORCHARDl&T, or an account of the most val-
; (ruits ofall climates, adapted lo cultivafon in the United
.■s with their history, uses, modes of culture, mana.-emen t
Also, useful vegetables, ornamental forest trees, shrubs
lowers, silk, bees, &c. By VNillum Kenrick.

I"

NANKIN & CANTON STRAW CARPETI.VG.

Eliae Stone Brewer. No. 414 Washington street 'has
constantly on hand a large assortment of Straw Caroel^no-' nf
various qualities aud widths, among which are— ' s' "'

2500 yards superfine Nankin, 6-4

2000 do. do. do. 3-4

3300 do. Canton tlo. 6-4

4.500 do. do. do. 5-4

article ^ "'^ *^"'"''" "^^"^ '"^"' "^ "^"' """^ ^"Perfine

April I.

PROVISION MARKET

Ha.ms, northern,
southern,
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) .

lump
Eggs,
Potatoes,
Cider,

RETAIL PRICES.

pound

dozen
bushel
barrel

10

74
6
10
10

18
37

2 '75

TO NURSERYMEN.

The subscriber wishes to relinc|uish the charge of his p^ten
sive Nurseries to a tenant, or share it with a co^petem ass!.. -"
e^tablbh^men" '"'"" " -"-?'="-• as an appendage to the

Worcester, March 16. 1835. rlSKE.

GRAPE VINES &, PLUM TREES.

Isabella and Catawba of e.vtra size and Red and While
Chasselas Grapes, and of the foreign varieties.

i'rr''!"'" '"^''' "^ vigorous growth and of the most an-
proved kinds, for sale by SAMUEL POXD. CambrS°epo^t
_Ord@,s may be left at the N. E. FarmeKMce. mamh IS.

GARDEN SEEDS.

tio^ rf rTl ' '' ■ '^'''^""•''P';"' ^'/' ^°! ',^''= "" «"ellent collec
tion of Garden and Flower Seeds, wholesale and retail
-\pri! J.

12
8
7

14

17

20

50

300

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoxDAv, April 6, 1835.

[Heporteil fur the Daily Advertisers. Patriot.]

At market 345 Beef Cattle, 28 pairs Working Oxen

In S°7r "», ^"^'-"''^^ Sheep, and 400 S wine-about
40 iJeel Cattle unsold.

Prices. Beef Catth-Sa.les were quick and last

week s prices were fully sustained ; we quote to corres-

pond, v,z. a few pairs at something abore our quota-

lons say 12 a 2„c) ; prime at 33 a 34s Cd ; good at 30

a 3^s tid ; thm at 24 a 28s.

CO and^,«55 ^''™~^'^'' "°''<='^'^ «=i'es at $9D, 05, 90, 73,
23''3(r38"a1id'!«45*~^"'" ^^"^ effected at $20, 25, 27,

Sl,ecp—We noticed sales at 24, 30, 36, 39s, and a few
extraordinary fine at 54s. ' ' >

Su-me-Sales brisk; five or six hundred more could
have been readily sold ; lots to " peddle" were generally
taken at 4 for sows and 6 for barrows, with the addition
of a small premium ; at retail, G for sows and 7 for bar-
rows ; large sizes (say 100 to 125) i to Ic less

312

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL 7, 1S35.

THE MOTHER.

BV MRS L. n SIGOURNEV.

" It may be Autumn, yea Winter, wilh the woman,— Imt witli
lheyli>ther,asamotlicr, it is always Spring."— Smnon o/ (Ae B"'.
Thomas Colibctt, at Lijitn in IGiiS.

I saw an aged woman bow

To weariness and care,
Time wrote his sorrows on her brow,
And 'midst her frosted hair.

Hope, from her breast had torn away

Us rooting scathed and dry.
And on the pleasures of the gay

She turned a joyless eye.

What was it that, like sunbeam clear.

O'er her wan features run,
As, pressing toward her deafened ear,

I named her absent son ?

What was it ? Ask a mother's breast,
Through which a fountain flows

Perennial, fathomless and blest,
By winter never froze. ^

What was it? Ask the King of kings,

Who hath decreed above
That change should mark all earthly things,

Except a mother's love.

How then, it may be asked, do these birds exe-
cute such movements? Tlic whole surface of the,
body, in this, as well as, I believe, most, if not
all, "the oceanic tribes, is covered by numertus
air-cells, cajtable of a voluntary inflation or diiiii-
nutiou, by means of a beautiful muscular aj'para-
tus. By this power the birds can raise or deiiress
themselves at will ; and the tail, and great length
of the wing, enable them to steer in any direction.
Indeed, without some provisions of this kind to
save muscular exertion, it would be impossible for
these birds to undergo such long flights without
repose, as they have been known to do ; for the
muscles appertaining to the organs of flight, al-
though large in these birds, are evidently inade-
quate in power to the long distances they have
been known to fly, and the immense length of
time they reinain on the wing, with scarcely a
moment's cessation.

When several species of the albatros, as well
as petrels and other oceanic birds, are about the
ship at the sante time, no combats have been seen
to take place between them ; but on the death of
one the others soon fall upon and devour it.
(Quarterly Review of BenneVs JVeiv South Ifales

SESDS FOR HOT BEDS.

Just received at llie Seed Store connected will) the New
England Farmer Office, Nos. 51 i 52, Norih Market street,
Cortoii, the g-realest variety of early Vcp;elablc and Flower
Sociis lo be I'ountl in New Enslar-.l. many of wliicli are now
wHiilcd for Hot lied Sowing. We have received from Europe
the finest assortment of CaiiliaRe, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Sweet
Portuguese IMarioram, and early deep Scarlet Short Top Rad-
ish Seeds, <S-c. iyc Amonsflhif European Cabbage Seeds are
the true early York.ea ly London i'.allersea, Savoy, and other
Cabbiiges — early curled' Silesia, Tcnni-ball. and Koyal Cape
Head "Lettuces, Miguioneltc, Lon» Turkey Cucumbers,
for forcing, (while and green) earlv While Dutch Turnips,
Tomaiosl Lima Beans, early I'cas, Beans, iVf- comprising
every kind of seed wanted n Now Enslaud,—wai ranted of
the very first quality.

THE AlBATROS.

It is pleasing to observe this superb bird sail-
ing in the air in graceful and elegant movements,
seemingly excited by some invisible power — for
there is rarely any movement of the wings seen,
after the first and frequent impulse given, when
the creature elevates itself in the air — rising and
falling as if some concealed power guided its va-
rious motions, without any muscular exertion of
its own — and then descending and sweeping the
air close to the stern of the ship, with an inde-
pendfijce of manner, as if it were ' monarch of all
it surveyed.' It is from the very little muscular
exertion used by these birds that they are capa
bic of sustaining such long flights without repose.

The largest albatros shot by Mr Bennet dur-
iu" this voyage measured fourteen feet, but we
have seen distinct accounts of specimens reaching
across the wings to full twenty feet. He pro-
ceeds to say :

When seizing an object floating on the water,
they gradually descend with expanded or up-
raised wings, or sometimes alight, and flottt like a
duck on the water while devouring their food ;
then they skim the ocean with expanded wings,
as they run along for some distance, until they
again soar in mid air, and recommence their er-
ratic; flights. It is interesting to view them, dur-
ing boisterous weather, flying with, and even
against the wind, seeming the ' gayest of the gtiy'
in the midst of howling winds ttnd foaming
waves.

To watch the flight of lhes(\ birds used to af-
ford me much amusement, commencing with the
difficulty experienced by them in elevating them-
selves from the water. To eflect this object, they
spread their long pinions to the utmost, giving
them repeated impulses as they run along the sur-
face of the water. Having, by these exertions, rais-
ed themselves above the water, they ascend and
descend, and cleave the atmosphere in various di-
rection-s, without any apparent muscular exertion.

The Farmer. — There is not a more indepen-
dent being in existence than the fiirmer. The
real farmer ; lie who attends strictly to the duties
of his profession ; who keeps everything about
him snug and tidy, and who seeks every opportu-
nity to introduce such improvements of the day
as will tend to add beauty and worth to his farm.
Such a farmer is always hajipy and independent,
and he lives as it were in a little world of his own
with nothing to trouble him, save the cares of his
farm, which by the way are considered rather as
pleasures than otherwise. His mind is always at
ease, and the duties of his calling are performed
with a good degree of pleasure. When the toils
of tlie day are o'er and the "night cometh," he
takes bis seat at the domestic fireside and whiles
away the evening in sweet converse with his
little family circle. The toils of the day have been
perhaps rather arduous — but what of that ? They
are drowned and forgotten in the pleasures of the
evening. And then, he feels a sincere pleasure
on reflection, that while he rests from his labors
his business continues to flourish. His crops are
growing and preparing for harvest ; his cattle, &c.
are fattening' ready for market, and everything
])rospers. With such thoughts as these, he can
calmly resign himself to the night's repose and
rise on the morrow with the returning sun, re-
freshed and pre])ared for the duties of another
(lay. — Intdligencer i; Mohawk Adv.

PLEASANT AND VAI.TJABI.E RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

SiTU\TEDiu Dorchester on Ihe Briisbhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing IG acres of excellent land
wilh a mansion house, farm house, two barns and oulhouses
thereon, having a garden of-one acre conlainingjvaluable fruits
&c. The situalion is unrivalled, commanding a most e.-iten-
sive prospect of Ihe harbor and of (he country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, viilh a good orchard of excellent
fruil For terms and particulais inquire of Messrs LOT
WHEELRIGHT * SON, Jb Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises. .

N. B. In case the above place is not sold at private sale
before the 10th of April, it will then be let for one year.

FOR SAIiE BY AUCTION

On Ihe above premises, on the 15ih day of April, the Farni-
lurc. Slock and Farming Utensils, being nearly new, and
valuable to a person going into the country for the summer.

march 18.

GOOSEBERRY BUSHES.

Wm. Kenrick, Newton, has just received a fine eolleclion'
of Gooseberry bushes. Orders left wilh G. C. Barrett will«
be attended l"o. march 25.

GRAPE VINES. ]

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines, i
for sale by Jonathan Boyce, Market Street, Lynn,
march 25. 41

HOIiMS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINUIENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind- Galls, Old Strains, Sti^

joitits, Sweltfil or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that an

strained in the buck sijmcs, vriing in the withers, ffc. ; aha

for Glayidtdur swellings of the throat-

The ingredients which compose this preparMion have been
carefully selected after many years' experience, and are some
of the most successful remedies united, correctly proporlioned
and happily adapted to afl'ord relief in all the above mentioned
complaints; the proprietor feels assured that when once ihil
article is used, it will be preferred to any other, as il is decid-
edly ihe best and certainly the most convenient article in use,

N B. Persons afflicted wilh Rheumatism, Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Stiffness, or Weakness in the Joints, will find thin
Linimenfa valuable and efiicacious remedy.

I'repar'ed and sold by THOMAS MOLLIS, Druggist aod
Chemist, No. 30. Union Street, Boston, Mass. , , , , ■

jy The Public are requested to observe that each label il
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents.

" Thy goodness is as the morning cloud, or as the
early dew which passeth away." — Hosea vi. 4.

"The dews of the night," says an Eastern trav-
eller, " as we had only the heavens for our cover-
ing, would fretiuently wet us to the skin ; but no
sooner was the sun risen, and the atmosphere a
little heati^d, than the mists were instantly dis-
persed, and the abundant moisture which the
dews had given to the sands, would be entirely
evaporated or dried up." What a bcautil'ul illus-
tration is this of the words of the inspir(;d prophet.
How do the hoiies which may in youth have
ghiddened the heart of some kind parent or friend,
often disappear and pass away, aa the dew before
the morning 8un !

THE NE'W ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at g3 per annum
payable at Ihe end of the year — but those who pay wilhu
sixty days from the time of subscribing, are enlilled to a <St
duclion of fifty cents. .

113= No paper will he sent to a distance vtilhoul payrnen
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
jVc„. York—Ci C. Thorburn,67 Liberty-slrcel.
Albany— W'vi- 'I'horburn, 347 .Market-street.
Philadelyhia—D. Sf C. LANnBK.TH, 85 Chcsnul-slrect^
Baltimore— \. \. llncHcocK, Publisher ol American » armel
Ci„cimiati-'&. C. Parkhurst, 23 Lower Markel-sireet.
Ftushins, N^ v.— Wm. Prince ff Sons Prop. Lm- Bol.Oai
Middlehurii, !'(.— Wight Chapman, Merchanl.
//art/brrf— GooiiwiN .V Co. Booksellers.
iVcicA«n/port— EbenezeR Stfi'MAN, Bookseller.
Portsmmlh, N. //.-John W. Foster, Bookseller.
Woodstock, 17.— J. A. Pratt.
7}«no-or,j1/c.—WM. Mann. Druggist.
HalJfai, N. S.— P. J- Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
til. Lonis—Oh-.o. Hol.ToN.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND WEEKS,

No. 8, Pclicul Street.
OIUiERB run PRIHTI.1G REOEIVEB Br THE rKBLlSIIW

NEW ENGL.AND FARMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse!.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

TOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 15, 1835.

NO. 40.

MR MOSELEY'S ADDRESS

BEFOBE THE
iSSEX COU.\TY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

At the Annual Cattle Show, at New Rowley,
September 95, 1834.

Gentlemen — We have again assembled on
his joyful festival, to present the best of oin-
locks and heids, and the choicest productions of
he year: and at the same time to raise a note of
•raise and thanksgiving, from grateful heart,s, to
he Author of all our blessings, for the gooH
hings he has done for us. We liave not come to
elebrate the occasion of a splendid victory, or to
tiourn over a signal defeat ; we have not come to
lay a tribute to human greatness, or join in tlie
trife of party ; but in the quiet spirit of our pro-
?ssion, to animate one another to greater industrv
nd effort, in our peaceful and happy employment.
Although you have been pleased to assign ii.e
high rank among the officers of your society,
et my professional engagements Iiave prevented
le from acquiring that practical knowledge in
gricultiire, which would seem to belong to my
tfice. It is, therefore, with unusual embarrass-
lent that I appear before you upon this occasion,
1 speak on a subject, in relation to which my own
iperience has been so limited.

The ])rofes8ion in which I have been engaged,
ir many y('ars, has suffered under the unlTlcri^(^
iproach of uncertainty, till the exclamation, "the
orious uncertainty of the law," has become fa-
liliar. It is not, however, true that there is un-
3rtainty in law. Law is sufficiently certain, but
(e error lies in those, who attempt to administer
!. A nnisicalinstrunient may be inade to give
^rth excellent melody, but it is not every one,
ho makes the attempt, can get it out.
The art or science of agriculture, if examined,
ill be found to be as far removed from certainty
the law. That is, there is not any settled
)inlon as to tlie means of producing the best re-
Its. .'Agriculture, in its highest state of im-
oveinent, must be tlie result of long experience.
lie great utility, therefore, of agricultiu-al socie-
:s, is, tliat they call forth to public observation
e experience and practice of those, who have
en most successtiilly engaged. Yet it is not a
tie Slu-prising that agriculture, which was co-
istent with man, which has passed through all
successive ages and generations of men,
lich has liad the knowledge of this long expe-
nce reflected upon it, is yet, probably, in its iu-
icy, and involved in much uncertainty.

I will illustrate this idea of its uncertainty by
ting the cultivation of corn. One would natur-
y suppose, that the long experience among us in
! cultivation of corn, would have settled down
establishing in the minds of all men, some fix-
and settled rules as to every part of its cultiva-
1. Vet we fi: d tliat such is not the fact. I
;in with the planting of corn. It is not yet

II settled, whether the moon has an influence
in vegetation. Some plant without regard to

moon, and some ai-e very careful to plant only

in certain stages of the moon. Some recom-
mend soaking and even sprouting the corn before
it is planted, others think it does as well without.
Some advise planting in hills, while others think
a better crop is produced by planting in rows.
Some place the manure over the corn, some place
the corn over the maniue, while others spread the
manure over the grotmd. With respect to hoeing
the corn, some think the corn should be hoed
while very young, to destroy the weeds, yet others
prefer the corn should remain and the weeds grow
up till they get to some height. The reason as-
signed is, that the corn is less liable to be destroy-
ed by bird.s, .squirrels and worms. Some are of
0|)inion that no hill should be made about the
corn, while others deem the hilling of the corn to
l)e attended with much benefit. Sonio practise
taking the suckers trom the corn, while otliers se-
verely censure t!iis practice. Some are of opinion
that the stalks should not be cut until the corn is
sufficiently ripened to be gathered : others are of
opinion that cutting the stalks after the farina has
liUlen, does no injury to the corn, and affiards an
excellent fodder for cattle in the winter.

Such are some of the various opinions which
have been advocated relative to the cultivation of
corn. It is not my design in mentioning them on
this occasion to speak discouragingly of the art of
agriculture. My more inunediate object is to
show the importance of greater exactness and
closer observation on the part of those, who turn
tlieir attention to the subject of agricultural ex-
periments.

It is greatly to be desired, that our agricultural
brethren would be 'more particular in keeping ex-
act records of the cultivation of their respective
crops, and would connimnicate the result to some
agricidtural journal for the benefit of the public.
It woidd be like that charity which is doubly
blessed. It would be a useful and agreeable ex-
ercise to him who should make that record, and
it would be highly beneficial to those who should
receive it. It would awaken a general spirit of
inquiry among oiu- agricultnrists, which would
lead to more certainty of success in their several
crops.

There is no employment, which a])pears so
well adapted to the health and pleasure of man,
as agriculture. That merciful Being who early
pronounced, that in the sweat of his brow, he
should eat bread all the days of his life, has in
great kindness so conformed his nature that this
judgment is the great source of his enjoyment.
Active and regular employment seems peculiarly
adapted to the nature of man, whether he stands
in the high places of civilized life, or roams
through the forest. It is by this continued exer-
cise and labor, that the body, or, as expressed by
the poet, " this harp of thousand strings, is kept
in tune so long." Observe the man of luxury
and wealth, who avoids labor and exercise, and
indulges himself in continual rest. You will
probably find him the victim of disease, his slug-
gish mind dwelling upon the pains, either real or

imaginary, of his sluggish body. Is there a day
labotfer, who enjoy.s health of boily and miuil,
who would exchange situations with such a vo-
luptuary ? Would he net instinctively say, with the
wise man, go to the ant, thou sluggard, consider
her ways and be wise ?

The improvement which has been made within
a few years in the art of agriculture and in agri-
cultural implements, must be highly gratifying to
every farmer. AVho, forty years ago, would have
thought it po.-,i,ihle to raise one hundred bushels"
of corn on one acre of ground ? Yet now, it is
no uncommon case for a farmer to raise a much
greater crop. This improvement must be attrib-
uted in a great measure to the influence of the
press. If we go back but half a century, I be-
lieve we shall find no periodical publication either
in Europe or America which treated exclusively on
the subject of agriculture. The consequence
was, that in those districts, where particular bran-
ches of husbandry were the most successfully and
judiciously treated, the knowledge remained with
them, unless, perhaps, slowly communicated
from one to another, as accident or opportunity
should oftcr. But when journals, devoted to this
art, began to be ptit in circulation, containing the
experience of intelligent, learned and practical
men, the improvement in particular districts be-
came Vfrvtjti'erally disseminated. It is true in-
deed, ifiat'in »;;aiiy cases thesie pc'.dicarions v/er^,',
coldly and reluctantly received, from a false notion
that book learning, especially when it contradict-
ed the opinion they had derived from tradition,
must be very visionary. The light of trutli has in a
great measure removed these errors, and a new
era h.as commenced upon the subject. The
knowledge wliich has been derived from science
and experience in one quarter of the world is
communicated by the press to all others, and that
which was claimed as private jiroperty is now
communicated for the benefit of all. One fact
will strikingly illustrate this subject.- When Mr
Knight, president of the London Horticultural
Society, sent his first ])resent of new pears in 1823
to Mr Lowell, his letter and the list which accom-
panied it, were published in the Massachusetts
Agricultural Rej^ository. Within twelve months,
application was made for these fruits, and scions
were actually distributed from the lower part of
Maine to Cincinnati in Ohio.

Among the great improvements which have
been made in tools and implements of husbandry,
the plough may be mentioned as an instance. Such
have been the great improvements in this article,
within a few years, that I am told one yoke of cattle
will do the woi-k, in one day, which formerly re-
quired two yoke, and will do the work much better.
Our ancestors used the flail to thresh out their grain,
but modern invention has produced a machine,
moved by horse power, and threshes out as murli
grain in one day, as one man could thresh in ten
days with a flail.

A rake has been invented, moved by horse
power. It is said that by this horae-rake one man

314

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRII. 15, 1835.

with ahorse and boy will put the hay into wiii-
rows as fast as eight men can put it into cocks,
after it is rakeii. An)ong the wonders of tiie age
steam has been applied vvitli surprising success in
jiropelling vessels on water and wagons on land,
but in my wildest flights of imagination, I had
never conceived the idea that steam could he ap-
plied ,to agricultural |iurpnses. Yet Prof.'ssor
Rafiuesque of I'liiladelpliia, a gentleman of great
scientific attainments, advertises for farmers his
steam plough, hy which six furrows are ploughed
at oiice, and which he says will in o;je day per-
form the work of a single team for a week, and in
the best manner. What a delightful contempla-
tion. How wonderful is man ! May we not in-
dulge the hope, that the day is not remote, when
all agricultural operations will be performed by
steam.

Those jjersons who have been accustomed to
follow the same course of husbandry, which their
^jk fathers and generations before them adopted, have
W^ favored the o[)iuiou, that very little is to be learn-
_ ed upon this subject. It is difficult to make them

f comprehend, that this art involves principles as
extensive and as hard to be understood as a'ly
other art wliich can occupy t!ie attention of men.
They have never turned their attention to the
great improvements in agricultural implements.
The plough which iheir fathers used did very
well, and they think it still does very well. They
have never considered that agricidture is an im-
portant branch of Natural Philosophy, nor have
they ever attempted to understaml the nature of
(lifterent soils, the economy of manures, and the
adaptation of particular kinds of manure to par-
ticular soils, the regtdarand systematic rotation of
crops, improved modes of tillage, the diff'erent
breeds of cattle, sheep and swine, and the differ-
ent kinds and qualities of fruit and fruit trees.
Yet these are subjects, which the skilfid farmer
will deem it necessary to understand, and he will
devote his attention to them, as to the study of an
important and difficult science.

It is not many years, since an application was
made to the Legislature of this State, by the
Trustees of Dummer Academy, in this county, for
aid in founding a professorshij) of scientific and
l)ractical agriculture, as connected with the insti-
tution. Perhaps no institution in the state could
l)e found more favorable for this obji'ct. There
isfl farm connected with this institution, and un-
<ler the direction of the trustees, consisting of sev-
eral hundred acres, and embracing a great variety
of soil. This institution is exceedingly well
adapted for an agricultural school, and with but
small aid from llie Legislature might he rendered
highly useful to the community. Young gentle-
men might here come to study agricultm'e as a
.*cience, and be prepared to follow it through life
as an honorable profession. Tliis application was
deemed of so much importance, that a committee
from the Massachusetts Agricultural Society came
to theiarm, exauuned it and made afnorable re-
port to the Legislature, recojinnending that the
petition of the trustees should lie granted. It is
to be regretted that ihi^ application did not meet
with success. Yet I am not without liope that
the Legislature will feel the iinporlaii,ce of the
subject, and will extend its aid to establish some
institution for learning scientific and jiruciical ag-
riculture. Shall schools and colleges be dcflmed
important to diffuse general knowledge, shall mil-
itary and naval academies have the fostering hawJ

of government to impart knowledge in their de-
partments, shall the sciences and fine arts have
teachers for their objects, and agriculture alone re-
ceive no aid ? This art or science which is more
important to the prosperity, wealth and happiness
of our nation tliau all others ? The loss of which
for one year would probably exceed in value, and
produce more poverty and distress than the loss of
all our manufactures and commerce.'

But because all our requests are not granted
we must not complain. There are doubtless
grave objections to endowing an institution for
special purposes, which has no higher claim than
perhaj)s many others. We ought rather to speak
in terms of gratitude of the Legislature (or their
liberality, nay mmiificence, in extending so much
encouragement to tlje agricultural societies
throughout the commonwealth. It is now tnore
than fifteen years since they have extended a lib-
eral and fostering hand to these societies, and at
the last session the act was continued for five
years longer, with scarcely a dissenting voice.
The geological survey of the commonwealth is
another instance of liberal legislation for the ad-
vancement of science, which should command
onr highest praise.

The act of 1819, giving a bounty to agricultu-
ral societies, contains a provision which shows the
watchful care of the legislature over the interests
of the commonwealth. It is made the duty of
the several societies to offer annually such premi-
ums and encouragement for the raising and pre-
serving oaks, and other forest trees, in such man-
ner and upon such terms, as to their discretion
shall seem best adapted to increase and perpetuate
an adequate supply of ship timber within this
commonwealth. This society, in compliance with
tlie requisition of the statute has annually offered
liberal premiums for plantations of the oak and
other forest trees, but such has been the surprising
neglect or inattention to the subject, that I believe
in no instance, has a claim been made for either of
the premiums offered. It is true, indeed, that
the Rev. Mr Perry of Bradford, presented for the
notice of the society a large number of young
ina|)le trees, transplanted from the forest, but
these were not among the description of trees, for
w hich a premium was ofl^ered by the society.

Viewing this as an interesting subject for our
consideration, and growing of more and more im-
portance every year, I shall venture to submit to
you some remarks upon our forests, and fruit trees
although at the hazard of being very uninteresting.
Our wood lots are highly valuable for fuel, fences,
and ships. The price of wood for fuel is already
one of the heaviest articles of expense in every
family. Our commonwealth, stretching along the
seashore, indented with bays, creeks and navigable
rivers, has in past time found much employment
ill ship hiiildiug, and if it be true, as has been as-
serted, that a ship of the line requires all the good
wood which can be usually found on fifty acres of
well wooded laud, our prospect is alarming. From
present appearances this business mu.st soon be
abandoned, from the want of suitable tindicr. A
good wood lot is even now considered among our
most valuable laiuls. What then nmst be its
vahu' in future time, if we go on in our present
wasteful use of fuel ? — Shall we have less need of
it in time to come for our fires, fences, buildings
and ships. Certainly, every year is rapidly redu-
cing the (piantity of wood, and shall we adopt the
•strange policy of the man, who would do nothing

for posterity because posterity had done nothing for
him ? Our ancestors, when they landed on these
shores, found themselves surrounded by dense,
impenetrable forests, wliere now are our cities^
towns, villages and fields smiling with plenty : and
they bestowed their greatest labor to subdue those
impenetrable forests, and convert them to cultiva-
ted fields. There was then no need of economy.
The very ashes were of more value than the wood
and some of the remaining fire-places show witit
what improvident profusion they supplied iheir
fires. "

In ordw to increase our wood lots we must di-
rect our attention to two objects. First, to pre-
serve those which now remain, and second, to raig»
new plantations. I believe there has been a dif-
ference of opinion among our farmers as to the
best course of proceeding to preserve our forests..
Some recommend selecting out the old and de-
caying trees for fuel, letting the younger growth
stand, while others advise cutting clean, in the
winter season or when the sap is down. The lat-
ter is pfobably the most general and perhaps the
better opinion. It is reconnnended to cut as near
the ground as possible, in order that the new
shoots may be thrown out near the roots. Partic-
ular care should be taken to exclude cattle, to pre-
vent their cropping the j'oung shoots. It is sup-
posed the trees will attain a sufficient growth in •
about forty or fifty years to cut again. |

For the purpose of increasing our wood lots it
will be necessary to turn our attention to raising
new plantations. In this country very few at-
tempts have been made to produce wood lots hy
planting, but in Europe I believe it is very com-
mon. Some recommend i)lanting the seed in
nurseries, and then transplanting the young trees
to the place, in the plantation where they are to
stand ; while others prefer planting the seed in the
place where it is intended the tree should grow,
because, in this way, it is said the young tree
receives no check by shortening the tap root,
or taking off" the fibrous roots. In either case
the tree should be set out, or the seeds planted,
much thicker than it is intended the trees
should grow for timber, for in this way they will
grow much straighter and more thrifty, and the
thinnings will in a few years furnish not only
fuel, but hoop poles and wood for other ])ur-
poses. The plantation will grow nuich more
readily if the ground be in a fine tilth for cul-
tivation. It may then be marked out by cross
furrows at four feet distance from each other, and
the .seeds planted or the young tree set out at ,
the intersections of the furrows. The ground
may be planted for several years between these ,
rows with potatoes or some tillage crop, and i
the cultivation greatly benefit the young trees.
Cattle must be carefully excluded at all seasons
of the year.

The following experiment, by the Hon. John
Welles, of Boston, who has made some valuable
communications to the public upon this as well
as upon other stihjects, will show the necessity
of putting the acorn, or any seed of the forest
tree for raising a plantation, into cultivated
ground. About ten years since, he took about
six acres of old pasture land, and jiroceeded
gradually to plant thickly over the whole lot
several bushels of acorns, chestnuts, &-c., in the
following manner : A tongue of earth was raised
by the hoe and an acorn or other nut put be-
neath at a dejJth of two or three inches ; then

TOi>.xm. Ko. ic«

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

the sod was pressed dowu witli the fork or hoe to
prevent a lot-.s by birds, S(iuirrels, Sac, and all
stock was kept from the enclosure. Mr Welles
sajs, the trees liave to be sure vegetated, but they
seem quite initlirifty in the toiigh grass-sward,
ivith which they feebly contend, and there appears
at present little j-ooiii jbriiiiich expectation from
ibis mode.

Forest trees are exceedingly tender in their

early growth, and the land iii which they are

planted, tnust be well prepared and for a long time

ciiJtivated, in order to raise trees fvom tlie seed.

|To be Continued .]

315

Sheep Husbandry — We take the following
observations on Slr.ep Husbandry from Silliman's
Journal, 18-24. It is contained in a " Notice of an
excursion among the White Mountains of New
Hampshire, &c. with miscellaneous remarks, by
James Pierce."

"From their elevation and latitude, the grazino-
lands situated in the northern part of New Eng°
land, are best adapted for shee]). The great con-
sumption of fodder incident to long winters, so
objectionable to the raising of cattle, is more than
■ojiipensatcd to the merino sheep proprietor, bv
m improvement in the quantity and quality o"f
^'ool, which is much affected by climate. In

ropical countries, sheep are dressed with hair in

nore temperate, the wool is generally short and
oarse, but longer and finer in cold regions. In
ipain, two and a half pounds of wool is the ave-
age product of their merinos, and of a quality
iferior to ours — in the middle States, and valley
f the Hudson, the same ; on the elevated ground
1 the western part of Connecticut and 3Iassachu-
■tts — three, and in some flocks, ftiir pounds. Iji
le southern and middle i)art of Vermont, from
'ur to four and a half. In Maine the average is
k-e; and in a few choice flock.s, .six i>ounds'the
leep. The best merino wool of Europe, is from
e bleak mountains of Saxony. The quantitv
id quality of wool is also considerably affected
r the food, management and selection of flocks
nature bountifully provides a dress for all ani-
als according to their wants. Furs are found
be good, and the staple long, in proportion to
Jdness of climate.

"The northern parts of the United States and
nada, in addition to climate, have for the rais-
', of wool, an important advantage over En"-
d, and the south of Europe, in cheapness of
1 — much laud being required for the support of
:ep. The fee simple of good sheep farms in
lerica, can be procured with the amount of the
iiual rent and taxes of the same quality of
lund in England."

towered above it could be seen than about the
size of a bird ; volumes of water being in the
mean time thrown forth like a deluge from the
crater, sweeping away whatever they encounter-
ed in their coiu-se. The Ora3fa itself then broke
forth, hurling large masses of ice to a great dis-
tance ; fire burst out in every directiou from its
sides, the sky was darkened by the smoke and
ashes so that the day conld hardly lie distinguish-
ed from night. This scene of horror continued
for more than three days, during which time the
whole region was converted into utter desolation.
JVorth American Review.

loLCANo IN Iceland — The Ora^fa mountain
lot only the loftiest in Iceland, but has been
dered rctnarkable by its eruption about a cen-
y ago. Nothing can be more striking than the
ounts of this calamity given by John Thorol-
on, the aged minister of the neighboring par-
He was in the midst of his sWvice on the
ibath, when the agitation of the earth gave
•ning that some alarming event was to follow.
>hing from the church, he saw apeak of the
jhboring mountain alternately heaving up and
:ing; and the next day this portion of the
intain ran down the plain like melted metal
n a crucible, filling it to such a height, that, as
ays, no more of a mountain which formerly

Green Vegetable Ma.ndre. — The value of
green vegetables as manure was strikingly proved
by me in the spring of 1S33. I had a trench
oi)ened of suflicient length to receive six sets of
potatoes ; under three of these sets I placed
green cabbage leaves, but the other three had
nothing but the soil. When the crop was dug up
the plants over the cabbage leaves yielded about
double the produce of the other.— 7. D. Parks,
Dartford M'ursery, January, 1835.

The Late Winter.— The winter has been
unusually severe— the mercury in the thermome-
ter being oftener below zero, than during any win-
ter for many years past ; the sleighing has been
good for four months in succession, whh the ex-
ception of a few days, when the roads were block-
ed up with snow drifts. We had a most violent
snow storm on the 22d March, wind N. E.— from
14 to 16 inches snow fell. The wind has contin-
ued easterly ever since, witli snow and rain oc-
casionally.—In consequence of the long contin-
uance of severe weather, hay has become very
scarce, and the cattle are literally dying for want.
It is said by good judges, that there will be want-
ed 200 tons of hay more than there is now in the
county of Washington and its vicinity, to keep the
stock alive — and if there is not a large quantity
brought here from the westward, great numbers
of the cattle must v^nsh.—Eastport (Me.) Sent.

Take Care of vocr Feet. — The circum-
stances in which wet feet and cold feet are most
apt to cause disease, are where the person re-
mains inactive, and where consequently, there is
nothing to counterbalance the unequal flow of
blood which then takes place towards the internal
parts, — for it is well known that a person in ordi-
nary health may walk about or work in the open
air with wet feet for hours together without injury
provided he put on dry stockings and shoes im-
mediately on coming home. It is, therefore, not
the mere state of wetness that causes the evil,
but the check to perspiration, and the unequal
distribution of blood to which tlie accompanying
coldness gives rise.— Comic's Physiology applied
to health.

A starch merchant lately died in England, Wav-
ing a fortune of a million to each of his six chil-
dren. The secret of his gain consisted in feeding
some 3 or 400 hogs yearly upon the refuse of his
manufactory, which is generally thrown away for
Its offensiveness, but which consists chiefly of the
gluten or most nutritious portion of vegetable
matter.

The London papers state that a perfect* substi-
for indigo has been discovered, and a company
formed for the purpose of manufa.cturing and
bringing it into use.

A letter from Brownvillc, Penobscot county,
Me., dated 26th ult. says—" We havejust had a
snow storm here — the snow fell 20 inches. We
have now five feet of snow on the ground ; and
back in the woods the snow is at least six feel
deep .'"

At Nashville, Tenn., on tlie 4th iilt there were
seven inches of snow on the ground, with the
mercury at 7 bi low zero !

The Allotment Systeji — Frederick Harris,
of Sherbourne, an agricultural jobbing laborer,
obtained la.st harvest from a piece of ground of
rather more than a quarter of an acre, the extra-
ordinary quantity of sixteen bushels and a quarter
of wheat. This was the result of spade husban-
dry, and certainly aflibrds a striking proof of the
advantages to be derived from that mode of
tillage. — fVarwickshirc Advertiser.

All plants, whether in the garden, field, or for-
ests, if in rows, should be placed in the direction
of north and south, in order to admit the sun's

rays every day equally to both sides of the row.

Gardener's .Magazine.

It is ascertained that the deplorable afiliction of
being born deaf and dumb runs in particular fam-
ilies. In one fariiily, near London, out of ten
children seven are in this state. The proportion
of 20 families was found lately to be 90 out
of 159.

Six Acre Factory. — The Messrs Behrens of
Manchester, (England) are erecting a huge power-
loom mill at Preston in Lancashire, which will
cover six acres of ground. It will be but one
story high, and is to be called the " Six Acre Fac-
tory."

A cutler, at Lyons, is said to have succeeded in
perfecting a mode of tempering steel, to such a
degree, that he can with a knife so tempered, cut
through a two sous piece without the edge being
turned !

Rail Road Meeting. — We understand the
Convention held at Hardwick, on Wednesday la.st,
according to previous notice, to take into consid-
eration the project of constructing a Rail Road
from Springfield to Worcester, to pass through the
towns nf Ware, Hardwick, New Braintree, this
town, and along the valley of the Ware River
through Holdcv) to Worcester, was very largely
and respectably .atended. Sundry spirited reso-
lutions were passed, and many sound arguments
adduced to show that the contemplated northern
route is far preferable so the southern one. — Far-
mer's Gazette.

Value of Marl. — A farm within six miles of
this place, says the Monmouth (N. J.) Enquirer,
purchased a few years since, tor fourteen shillings
an acre, has recently been sold for $31 an acre.
This enhancement of value has been produced
entirely by the use of Marl. — Cour. S,- Enq,

A Noble Cheese. — The Editor of the BufiFa-
lo, N. Y. Journal, describes a cheese which was to
be seen (perhaps nibbled) in that city, manufactu-
red by Clark Dart, and David Camp of Hamburgh
and weighed three hundred pounds. ; being eight
feet three inches in circumference..

The rarity of the dropsy in Scotland is held out
as a proof that the use of oatmeal is a soveceiga
preveutative of that disease.

316

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRII. 15, 1835.

TRANS PI/AJJTING TREES.

The writer of tliis has devoted considerable
time to propagating and transphmtiiig fniit trees,
and from experiments as well as ol)Servation, ieels
desirous of comnmnicating to the ])nblie his
mode of transplanting trees, which perhaps does
not essentially difl'er from persons generally ac-
quainted with horticulture ; however, in my opiin-
ion, the manner of trar.splanting them in the cli-
mates, east, west, or south of this, (north part of
Ohio,) I am satisfied that the mode 1 am about to
propose is the best. I probably differ with many
)>ersons as to the size of the trees and seasoi
transplanting.

When the loaves begin to turn ycUow in the
/aH, then is the best time to take them up, and
they should be as young as circumstances will ad-
mit of— say from one to three years after ingrafting
or inoculating ; provided that they are of large
and healthy growth. My reasons for transplant-
ing in the fall are, they are more apt to put out a
number of roots, if properly and carefidly set out
before winter commences ; and by the opening of
spring, the ground around them becomes pretty
well settled, and then they have nothing to do, but
to grow, if they are alive. The hole should be
dug considerably larger and deeper, than is sup-
posed the roots need, so that when they grow they
i-au have room to extend their roots in soft earth —
ihe earth should be mixed with very line rich
mould — put some of this in the bottom, and place
ihe tree and roots in their natural order, and be
careful to sprinkle a portion of the mould in
among the roots, so as to fill every cavity, then as
you fill the hole, press it gently. I would not re-
commend the use of water, as it washes away the
fine mould — leaves a cavity among the roots,
which lets in the air, and the tree will frequently
mould, canker and die. If the roots are very dry,
dip them in water, and then put in some of the
fine mould immediately after. If you set out
your trees in the spring, do it as early as possi-
ble. If a tree be five or six feet high, tie it to a
stake, to prevent its being shaken by the winds, as
it is very apt to loosen the earth around it, which
lets in water and sometimes materially injures it.
On the spring following the transplanting, rub
them well with a dry woollen cloth — then white-
wash well with strong fresh lime, and this will
keep Ihe bark free from lice and moss, and it also
makes them healthy — this method should be con-
tinued every spring thereafter. Give the above a
(iiir trial. — Huron Rejledor.

Hogs fattened economically. — Brother
Farmers, don't cut down your orchards nor sell
your cider undci two dollars a bafnd, for you
may do better.

Although this is rather out of the season for
this subject, yet I thought better late than never ;
therefore I will give a few hints on the subject.
I have heard some of my neighbors boasting that
their hogs had got a fine start on eating raw ap-
ples as they fell from the trees ; but it always ap-
peared to me to be a very injudicious mode of
procedure, for the hogs I observed never got
more than in good working order, and they were
careful to cull all the best fruit, and if they could
get a supply without meddling with the hard sour
ones they would not touch them. I concluded
last fall that I would have my choice first for ci<ler
;ind barrelling, and let the hogs have those that

ground. I caused the children with small baskets
to fill several large baskets under certain trees
marked out to them by a slake being stuck under
those trees destined for the hogs. The large
baskets were very readily placed upon a stone-
drag or horse-cart and brought to the hog-house,
where I have a ninety gallon kettle set in an arch.
I put ii a bushel of culled potatoes, about five
pumpkins, three pails of water, then fill the kettle
rounding full of apples, and boil them till the i)0-
tatocs and pumpkins will poach, then throw in
half a bushel of peas and poach them all up to-
for I gether, and laid them in half hogsheads to cool
and sour. It will require a half-hogshead to
every three hogs. Then fill uj) the kettle again
while hot, and proceed as before. There is a sav-
ing of wood to boil over two or three kettles full
in succession, I have vessels enough to empty the
kettle twice, and let the third stand — it will keep
hot a longer time. I have never fed anything to
hogs that fattened so rapidly; and thus have I
made 1428 lbs. of pork with about eight bushels
of i)eas and twelve of corn (to harden) at the last.
The rest was cull potatoes, cull pumpkins, and a
scurvy mess of apples, good for nothing else.
Apples are very much improved for hogs by being
boiled and mixed with other coarse stutt'. I would
suggest not to feed much at a time, but to feed
often, and so sparingly for a week or ten days as
to have them make hungry claims when you go to
the stye.

Now, friend Stacy, if there is anything in the
above hints worthy a place in your valuable jjaper,
thou art at liberty to lay it before the public.
Perhaps the experiment may be improved by some
of our systematic farmers, another year. — Bur-
lington Free Press. '

iFrcm the Kew York Fainicr.)
MISCEIiliANEOUS COMiECTIOKS.

Butter. — There are three requisites in
ducing an easy separation of cream — the

pro-
milk

should have a large surface, be kept perfectly still,
and at the temperature of 54 to 56 degrees. If
desirous of obtaining all the cream, the milk
should not be skimmed as soon as it curdles.
The best butter, however, is made from the cream
that rises first. If the room containing the milk
is too warm in the hot season, the floor shoidd be
often washed, and salt occasionally sprinkled over
it. The sooner the cream is churned the better
will be the butter, and the less the latter is washed
with water, the more delicate and pleasant will
be its flavor. In the fall and winter, Mr W.
Allen, of North Andover, obtains butter by churn-
ing ten minutes. He raises his cream to 72 or
Ti degrees.

Cut Straw for Horses. — At this season of
the year, horses that are used much, or that pei
spire freely, are aj.t to take cold, and become
liide-bounil. They require once or twice a couple
of table spoonfuls of sulphur mixed with their
food, which should be of cut straw, and corn and
cob, and oats, ground together. If well curried
their skin will soon be loose, and they will begin
to thrive immediately.

Hay on Barn Floors.— When hay, particu-
larly clover, is thrown on the floor, nnich of it,
and the most valuable part, too, breaks and crum-
bles into so small pieces, that the fork will not
take them up. In most barns, this is entirely
wasted or shoved out into the yard, where but

;ind barrelling, and let tlie nogs have tnosc mat wasteu or suovea out uuo mc jaiu, ....w. .-...
were too early for cider, and usually rotted on the I comparatively little of it is picked up by the

stock. " I," says an aged farmer, " keep my barn
floor asc<ean as my wife's parlor, and every day
shovel into an old sleigh or box, which I keep^
standing by, all the leaves, seeds, and fine parts of
the hay. This makes superior feed for my cows :
if moistened with water, and a small quantity of
bran or meal added, and given about the time of
calving, nothing appears more nourishing to

them.

Stone Wall for Sheep. — A' farm well fen-
ced with stone is much more valuable than one
with rails, even if suitable timber grows on the
farm. There is, however, one' drawback. One
unrulv sheep will take a flock over a whole farm,
and soon learn them to skip over the best of wall
fences, with so much ease that it is impossible to
keep them, except where they are disposed to re-
main. Some farmers have been obliged to aban-
don sheep husbandry on this account. If the
stone wall is high, and well faced, and the pasture
good, shee|) may often be kept whhout nuich in-
convenience or damage. Ordinary stone fences,
with a top rail, will not prevent unruly sheep from
scaling theuL They will approach the fence in
an obltquc direction, and skip over it with the ease
of a deer. If the top rail is made to project over
towards the field in which the sheep are, it
answers a much better p\irpose. The best top
rail is red cedar, with all the limbs left on to the
Icnffth of two feet. If two fields are fenced in
this'manner a farmer need not he troubled with
unruly sheep. Alternating them in these lots
will ever afford good pasture, and enrich tht
ground.

Stockings. — Those m^de of common wool ar«
said to be more durable than from Merino wool.
MoRUS MuLTiCAULis. — Secds of this plan
have been sown in this country, in the vicinity o
Northumberland, Mass., I think. Perhaps soms
reader of the New York Farmer will state the re-
sult in reference to this plant being a mere variety
It is the opinion of the French Royal Society o
Agricuhure that it is not a distinct species — tha
its'" seed will not produce its like — that it canno
be preserved except by propagating it by layers
cuttings and grafts — and that it is exclusivelj
by these means that the Chinese have reared thii
plant from tiuje immemorial.

Eclipse of the Sun — Cold Winter ani
Hot Summer. — There is a saying among farm
ers that great extremes of the seasons follow ai
eclipse of the sun. The severity of the weathei
in the early part of January will confirm thi
opinion ; and should we have excessively ho
weather the succeeding summer, this opinion wil
be entertained at least one century longer, what
ever may be the fiicts brought to light. Observa
tion and science may yet discover the cause c
such a very great extreme of weather as has oc
curred this winter.

Clover with Oats.— Many of the farmers U
West Chester and Putnam counties sow clove!
seed with their oats— thinking it takes better thaj
with rye or wheat. The ordinary rotation l|
most parts of this section of the Union is corn
oats, rye or wheat with clover. In order to se
cure the enriching properties of clover, I shoiili
suppose, even in this rotation, it would be profita
ble to sow clover whh a view of turning it unde
for rye or wheat in the fiill. The expense of see.
and sowing is but a trifle. The pasture, from th.
time the oats arc cut to that for fall ploughing
will pay for all expenses.

V01« XIII. so. 40

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

317

Plaster or Paris. — At the distance of fifteen
miles fioni the city, on the banks of the Hudson,
gypsum answers a very good purpose on clover ;
and yet salt water ascends near a hundred and
fifty miles above this. On Long Island, it is sup-
posed not to succeed on account of the proximity
of salt vvater.

Stones on Tillable Ground. — It is the
inactice of most farmers to pick the stones oft"
their fields after they are laid down to grass the
spring |)rior to mowing. Is it not better to carry
them oft" when ])utting iu the seed, and prior to
the last harrowing? By thus doing, grain and
grass will gr.ow in the places occupied by the
stones ; and these are often very considerable
portions of the surface. At this time there is no
<lifticulty in getting up the stones. Last fall, I
sowed five acres of stony ground with wheat and
xye, and picked oft" all the stones after the seed
was sown, and before the harrowing was finished.
The appearance of the field was very much im-
proved.

Ground Feed for Stock. — In that portion
, of West Chester county bordering on the Hudson,
not one farmer in twenty feeds his horses and cat-
tle on whole grain. The grist-mills in the vicinity
are furnished with corn and cob crackers. The
farmers send oats and corn in the ear in the pro-
portion of about three of the former and one of
the latter. After the corn and cob are cracked,
the product is put with the oats, and passed
through a set of stones expressly for the purpose.
The miller takes about one-tenth as toll. The re-
mainder turns out not far from one-third more
liushels than there were in the unground state.
One peck of this meal put with cut straw will
make a full mess for tliree horses and a pair of
oxen. If the unground corn and oats that pro-
duced this peck were given to the same number
of liorses and oxen, it would scarcely make a
mouthful apiece, and would pass through them
not half digested. If the millers about the coun-
try would supply themselves with corn and cob
crackers, they would soon find business. With
one of Green's straw cutters, I cut up all the hay
I feed out to two horses, five cows and a pair of
oxen. The cut hay for the cows and oxen is now
merely wet with water ; and for horees a little
corn cob meal is added to the hay. The labor of
cutting is comparatively light — one man being
enabled to cut enough for the above stock in 10 or
12 minutes. Scarcely a straw is wasted.

Rules for making Rail Fence. — Simple as
the business of making rail fence is considered, it
is pretty evitlent but few farmers have any system
or rules by which tliey govern themselves in this
indispensable part of farming. Although the
following rules may be well known to most well
bred farmers, yet they may be found useful to
others who have not been taught in all the arts
and mysteries of agriculture.

1. How to know when you have drawn a suf-
ficient number of rails for a given distance of
fence. If the fence is to be seven rails high,
(which is sufficient if the rails are of good size,j
and the rails are twelve feet long, place them in
piles of ten each, the piles touahing each other in
a continuous line.

2. Place, in range, stakes or poles sufiiciently
often to clearly designate the line. Prepare a pole
seven or eight feet long, well sharpened at one

end, and, if much used, the end ought to be point-
ed with iron ; at about eighteen inches from the
pointed end, fasten a rod at right angles with the
pole, and extending thence from three feet, two,
four, or six inches, according as the fence is expo-
sed to winds. Three feet two inches make a
handsome fence. Stick down this pole in a
range with the poles designating the line, and the
end of the rod will show the place for a corner.
Place, then, for a foundation, a good sized flat
stone, and you are ready to commence operations.

3. The bottom rail should be sound and straight.
Place the largest end forward on the stone, and
the other end crossing the preceding rail at the
end of the rod of the ranging pole, so that the
corners on each side be in exact line.

4. Let the five following rails be placed the
smallest end forward, and notched, if necessary to
make them lie steadily.

5. Let the top rail be heavy and well notched,
the lai'gest end placed forwaid, and your fence is
done.

The object of having the largest end of the
bottom rail placed forward, is to have less space
between the rails for pigs and geese ; and having
the top rail the largest end forward, leaves the
fence level and of equal height throughout.

There is no sight more pleasing to a Genesee
farmer, than a well made rail fence. — Genesee
Fanner.

Water Fence. — ^^Generally, this is the most
diflicult fence to keep in repair. Winds, ice, or
tides, cause frequent damage. An aged farmer
recommends them to be made like a ladder, so that
they can betaken up in winter. The slats may,
if desirable, pass through the upper piece in the
following manner. A few stakes driven down

each side, and fastened at the top, will keep tlie
fence in place. — J^ew York Farmer.

Keeping Sheep. — Sowed three bushels of oats
to cure before they are quite ripe, for my sheep ;
this I have found to be the cheapest and best
method to winter sheep, of the many ways that I
have tried. The sheep will eat it all clean, straw
and all, and with it get grain enough (and that be-
ing green, I believe it far better than ripe,) to keep
them in good condition. I never had a distem-
pered sheep that was kept in this way. Two
good sheaves per day, will last twenty sheep
through the winter ; some days three sheaves
and some but one, viz. — When they get to the
ground ; I have tried it and do know. Now, say
five months, 150 days, 300 sheaves, that would
make twelve bushels to the hundred ; would be
thirtysix bushels oats", and the straw. If any of
your correspondents can do better, and with less
expense I sliould be glad to know it. — Genesee
Farmer.

Pickled Oisters. — Make a pickle of salt
water strong enough to bear an egg. Make it
scalding hot, and pour it over your oysters, hav-
ing first strained them from their liquor.

Then pour a small quantity of the pickle into
the oyster liquor, and boil it with mace, cloves,
alspice, and whole pepper to your taste, adding a
little of the best vinegar.

Pour the mixture while hot, over your oysters,
and put them up in stone jars if intended for
kee|iing. Tie up the jars when the oysters are
cold.

Indian batter Cakes. — A pint of rich milk
to be heated.

A piece of butter about the size of a walnut.

Eight large table-spoonfuls of sifted Indian
meal.

Three large table-spoonfuls of sifted wheat
flour.

Three eggs.

A salt spoonful of salt.

A pint of cold milk.

Put the butter into the first pint of milk, and
warm it in a saucepan. When it is scalding hot,
have ready in a pan, the Indian meal and flour
(well mixed together,) and pour the milk upon
them. Stir it well, and then thin it with a pint
of cold milk. Beat it till perfectly smooth, and
free from lumps. Have ready three eggs beaten
till light, and stir them gradually into the batter,
adding the salt.

A Dutch Rice Pudding. — Soak four ounces
of rice in warm water half an horn", draw the
water from it, and throw it into a stewpan, with
half a pint of milk, a stick of cinnamon, and
simmer it till tender. When cold add a teacup
full of cream, 3 ounces of sugar, a quarter of a
nutmeg, and some lemon peel. Put a light puff"
paste into a mould or dish, and bake it in a quick
oven. — Village Herald.

Horses. — There are many hundreds of these
valuable animals killed every summer in the
United States, by giving them water when they
are heated. It is a most absurd and destructive
practice of stage drivers and others, giving their
horses water every five or six miles when travel-
ling. Farmers who work horses at a plough, har-
row, or cart, never give them water from the time
they go to work after breakfast, until they break
oft" work to go to dinner, a period not less than
foin- hours, and the satne in the afternoon until
they quit work at sun-down, and it seldom hap-
pens that horses are killed that are worked upon
farms. The same bad practice exists in England.
We were once riding in a stage coach from
Brighton to London on a very warm day, when
the driver stopped, watered his horses, and set out
again upon a fast trot ; in a few minutes all four
of them died upon the spot. They manage these
these things better in France. They never water
their horses only when they are fed. We recol-
lect on a very warm and dusty day, travelling in
a stage over the hills of Normandy, the horses
foaming with sweat and covered with dust. The
driver stopped at an inn, and when we expected
to see him with his bucket, giving water to each,
he brought from the house a Bottle, and pouring
out into his hand some of its contents, he washed
each horse's nose, and threw a little upon them.
On inquiring, we found that it was Vinegar ; and
although they had travelled a long stage, they
went oft" as fresh as at the first starting. — Cincin-'
nati D. Adv.

New potatoes have already made their appear-
ance at Mobile. They must have been raised in a
snow bank. — fVTiig.

There were twelve feet water in the channel of
the Ohio on the 30th ult,

818

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVEMM;, APKIL 15, 1830.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APaiL 13, J833.

FARMERS ^VCRK.

To manage pasture land advantageously it sliould be
veil fenced in small lots of four, eight or twelve acres,
according to tlie largeness of one's farm and stock And
these lots should be bordered at least with a row of
trees. It is best that trees of some kind or otlior should
be growing scattered in every part of a pasture, so that
the cattle may never have too far to go in a hot hour to
obtain a comfortable shade. The grass will spring earli-
er in lots that arc thus sheltered, and they will bear tlie
drought better. But too great a proportion of shade
should be avoided as it will give a sourness to the
grass.

Small lots thus sheltered, are not left withoutsnow so
early in the spring as larger ones lying bare, as fences
and trees cause more of it to remain on the ground. The
cold weather in March and April hurt the grass much
when the ground is bare. And the winds in winter will
not suffer snow to lie deep on land iliat is too open to the
influence of wind,? and storms.

It is hurtful to pastures to turn in cattle too early in
the spring, and most injurious to those pastures in
which the grass springs earliest, ae in' low and wet
places Potching such land in tlie spring destroys the
sward, so that it will produce less grass. Neither should
cattle be let into any pasture, till the grass is so much
grown as to afford them a good bite, so tliat they may
fill themselves without rambling over the whole lot.
TheaOthof May is early enough to turn cattle into
almost any of our pastures. Out of some they should
be kept later. The dryest pastun>3 should be used iirst,
though in them the grass is shortest, that the potching
of the ground in the wettest may be avoided.

distance before a concave glass mirror, the frigorific
rays falling on the mirror are reflected and brought to
a local point: A thermometer placed in the focal point
mediately sinks several degrees To prove tliis sink-
ing to be tlie eftect of the reflection of the frigorific
rays, place a cloth before the mirror to prevent reflec-
tion, and the thermometer rises several degrees. If
this be admitted, we need not wonder, why it is colder
in the valleys, in the absence of the sun and the atmos-
phere at a low temperature, than on the hills, nor why
the thermometers so often vary when suspended in dif-
ferent places. On the principles of reflection the val-
leys will be warmer in the summer than on the hills,
and in winter, in the absence of the sun, the valleys
will be colder than on the surrounding hills.

Respectfully, ° r. Grlen.

Mnnsfidd, March, 1835.

I IFt ERENCK OF TEMPERATURE BETTVEEIV
IIILILS AlVD VALLEYS.

Mk Fessenden— In the 27th number of the present
volume of the IN. E. Farmer, there is a query, " relative
to the cause of its being colder, when the atmosphere
is at a low temperature, in valleys than on hills." —
That it is colder in valleys than on hills in the absence
of the sun and the atmosphere at a low temperature is a
fact ; but the cause of it is the question.

I have never yet seen any general theory of lieat and
cfld, that has been perfectly satisfactory, nor can I say
anything respecting these two great and powerful
agents very satisfactory to myself; but I hope that you
or some of your correspondents will do the .subject
justice.

Cold and heat are called relative terms. I have
long been of the opinion, that cold or the sensation of
cold depends, more or less on some peculiar action (not
rightly understood) of the frii^vrific principle, what-
ever It may be.— Cold is not only called a relative, but
a negative term, implying the abstraction of heat. But
is this perfectly correct i Are there not radiation or
proiiulsion, reflection and absorption of the frigorific
principle .' The evidence that this is the case stands on
the same ground as the corresponding actions of the
calorific principle— determined by the rise and fall of the
thermometer. More or less of the heat in summer is
from the reflection of the sun's rays; and may not
much of the cold in winter arise from the same cause —
reflection of the frigorific rays ? AI. Prevost acciden-
tally discovered the reflection of cold some years since,
.and the fact seems well established.

A quantity of ice, say &00 pounds, placed at some

Bv THE Editok.— There are few if any subjects
more complex, or which have given occasion to more
division among philosophers, than the nature and prop-
erties of caloric, or the cause which produces the sensa
tion of heat. Some hold that calorie is material, exist
mg in the form of a subtle, all pervading fluid ; and
others that it has no independent existence, but is a
property of matter, requiring certain conditions for its
developement. The greatest number of modern philos-
ophers and chemists have maintained that caloric is
material, but the advocates of the opinion that it is a
mere modification of matter were many of them very
able, such as Lord Bacon, Sir Isaac Newton, Count
Rumford, Sir Humphrey Davy, &c. &c.

Among other methods to ascertain whether heat is
matter, and of course a gravitating substance, attempts
have been made to weigh it while in, or surrounded
by air. For instance a cannon ball has been weio-hed
cold, and then hot in the same balance ; but it was found
that the acquisition of caloric gave no increase of
weight to the ball. But heat may possess weight, and
still be a thousand times lighter than air, and how can
we weigh a light body, surrounded by a heavier body.
Attempts to weigh heat, surrounded by air, appear to
me like essaying to weigh cork under water; and after
weighing the question we incline to the opinion that
coloric is as hona file material as lead or platinum.

If heat be material it does not necessarily follow that
cold is negative, produced only by the absence of caloric
Still there are reasons wliich led us to believe that the
correct definition of cold is the absence of heat. What
is called" reflection of frigorific rays," may be account-
ed for by the absorption of calorific rays. The experi-
ment of M. Prevost alluded to above by Dr Green was
repeated by M. Pictct, at Geneva, with thesame results ;
but the latter concluded that it afforded an additional
proof of the radiation and reflection of caloric, but did
TWt imply that there was anytliing poi'/ijrc in cold.

Profij.ssnr Turner accounts for the results of those
experiments as follows : " If a metallic ball in the focus
of one mirror, and a thermometer in that of the other
are both of the same temperature as the surroundino-
objects, (say GCj the thermometer remains stationa-
ry. It does indeed receive rays from the ball, but its
temperature is not affected by them, because it gives
back an equal number in return. If the ball is
above (JO degrees, the thermometer begins to rise, be-
cause it now receives a greater number of degrees than
it gives out. If on the contrary, the ball is below CO
degrees, then the thermometer, being the warmer of
the two bodies, emits more rays than it receives, and the
thermomeler falls. "

In speaking of ice placed in the focus of a mirror in-
stead of a metallic ball, Professor Turner observes,

" As the thermometer gives more reys than it receives
in return, it must necessarily become colder. It rises
again when the ice is removed, because it then receives
a number of calorific rays, proceeding from the warmer
surrounding objects, which were intercepted by the ice
while it was in the iocas."— Turner s Chemistry, p.p.
25, aO, Philadelphia Edition.

In a room of a temperature, suppose CO degrees, a
body of 33 degrees will receive caloric rays, and a body
of say 212 degrees will communicate calorific rays, and
a thermometer will be afl'ected according as its position
is more or less favorable for intercepting and receivings
such rays. Addison says, somewhere in the Spectator,
that some philosophers supposed that darkness was
caused by " tenebrific stars," and not by the absence of
light. But we allow darkness to be merely negative >
and if darkness is caused by the absence of light, why
not cold by the absence of heat.'

[Forlhe Now England Farmer]
KKITTIKG MACHIJSE.

Mk Editor— Allow me to call the attention of the-
public to amachinefor knitting stockings and other knit
work, to be seen at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52
North Market st. It is a small neat, operating machine
by which persons in indigent circumstances, and child-
ren may be employed to great advantage, and it opens
a good field for the investment of capital. It occupies
about a cubic foot and is operated upon by turning a
crank, which requires no more power or skill than a
common hand organ, except when necessary to widen
or narrow, a stitch is dropped or added by hand. The
machine does the work of six expert knitters, and is
very simple, and does its work with astonishing rapidity
and precision. It is superior to the stocking loom, as
that requires an apprenticeship to learn to work it, and
is not calculated for families, whereas this machine can
be worked by any intelligent little girl, after a few
minute's instruction. It is capable of knittincr either
wool, cotton, silk or linen. The overseers of all pubhc
institutions are particularly invited to examine it, as it
maybe very advantageously employed by them, and is
within the means of the poor generally.

Meeting of Wool Growers. — A meeting of anu.m-
ber of the wool growers of the County of Franklin, was
held at Shelburne Falls on the 27th ult. A correspond-
ing committee of 11 members was appointed, who were
requested to ascertain the number of fleeces raised for
the market in their respective towns, and to report at
an adjourned meeting on the 20th of May next. The
Franklin Mercury states, that the proceedings of the
meeting are preparatory to the establishment of a gen-
eral wool market, to be held in some central place in
the wool growing districts.

A Philadelphia paper says, " The peaches are done
for' in Maryland. The cold weather froze up the buds,
until all vitality left them."

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

KEOWERS EXHIBITED.

Fnturdav, April 11th.
By Robert Rogerson ; fine specimen Lilium candi-
dum.

By Messrs Hovey & Co. ; Superior specimen of tha
Ilyacinlh Gen. Washington.
By S. Sweetscr; a variety of fine specimens.
For the Committee.

JoNA. WiNSHip, Chairman.

VOL. XIII. ]vo. 40.

PLEASAMT AIV» VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

fin YJZiv'^?"''',"'" °" ""^ "'■"^'""'1 '"'"pike, cwo ,nil«
»^ha ™a, P^ tree,, cr„„a,„,„fr I,; acres of excellent k„,d

f>i-c. 1 (,e Mlualioii is unrivalled, con.n.iui.lun^ a most evlen-
i.ve prospect of 11,0 harbor and of ,l,e eo,„„r.v hack
, ^ooH'l?rr''' f^ '""""Plc'i' repair and ,he"vM,ole farm under
Vuir f1 , '""'"""""■ .«"i> ° f-'o-l crrhanl of cxcellen,

: liUU'i?Ti,'; T- ^l' Central Wharf, GKORGE
^^cmisei' 'l"s office, or JOSIAII WILSON on (he

N. B In case ibe ahove place !■< nol sol.l at p-ivale «ale
efore iJ.e lOtl, of April, i, will ,hon I.e le, for o»o yel,

FOR SALE BY AUCTION.

On Tuesday, 21st insl. if fair, ifnot, the first fair dav at 10
'clock, A. M. «-,» be sold the Farming Utensil, and Vhtise-
old Furniture of the farm and house cf JOSIAH WI SON
a Ihe Brushhill Turnpike in Dorchester. "'"='"'" apVil^S.' '

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

Fine, large, three years old Roots of the Dutch Asnara^ns
r sale hy GEO. C. BARRETT. tprd if

PtNE BAHLIAS.

4 splendid collection of DouKi.E D.mi.ii., for sale at the
:»■ i;:njland Seed Store, hy GEO. C. BAIIKETT a Ts.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

FOR SALE, or To Let for the Season.

ifc"S^:E5S''";=;s?f&

April H.

KALMIAS, AZALEAS, &c.

Jz::^"^:!:!^::^ ^™ach''±r>''""- -" ^-"-

of «12,5U per hundred, delFvered a, rJ" T'i/' ""'""■

Seed Store, «ho ,s a-en 7t ZZ. f ''";,*■• '^"""ictt's

ety of i..disenou V^f,:^!;,,^^!"" "" ''■'I-, 'V™' « ^r.^it vari-

I.ancast<rr Garden March l?."'^' ""' '"' jos."bk'ec'k

AGENcFiS"^;i^i;;;]^^;^^;^^^

^^r,^;^^;-;r'^.«^'':-Vp^?e^:;::rd;:Lc^

warranted, being rfised in Lrde„ '^ P"' T''"'^ '^<=^'l» ^'<'
establishment. ° ^ ^""^ connected with the above

Concord, N. H. March 24, 18,-55.

319

PRICES OP COUNTRY PRolTuCE^.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKtV.

Win. PRINCE & SONS,

IZtZ '^°'^' "■'" '■'"'"■='•' "'"'' ■'^■»- Catalogues, unll,
tj reduced prices, to every applicant. No. 1 — |>ui,' 1 d
..amenta Trees and Elowcr.ng Plants. No 2 -L ot'b e
d ^ou'ef SW":„"°*"" f- 3-«-d-, Agricultur
'vervclL^ OfH "';i'u'° "f '""'' <""e'«ive Lonmeut
^h!-*, ^ ^' O.fthe Dahha above 500 varieties, including
Ihe stnpe^d and var.egated kinds, and assorbnenls of o.f

i and «6, according- to rar.ty, i^c. Tree Roses grade,

4 fee h,gh of 50 varieties, and a few dozen of Har^- so '4

double VeMow Rose, which flowers profuselv (JOOO

.If," °f5« Chinese Mulberrv, prepare I for plant m- at S8

100 or JbO per 1000, to purcha'serrof which'^^ ee^/e 'wdl
mparled, calculated to cause nearlv all to grow.

Jso,35 bushels Italian Loleh seed, a superior grass re-
lly m roduced-20 bushels Spring Tares-lil.SOO if s Wh fe
eh Clover seed-2,000 lbs Provence Lucerne_500 lbs Tri-
'pas'turage'."'"' "''"'-' ^''""'" *^''""' ^^"'^'"S 'I'e ear-

o Nurseries, and others making large purchases, a verv
•a discount will be made, and a convenient credit allowed
rders must be sent direct per mail, and will receive prompt
' '""' ^^ april 15.

Super-^r It efRad^^^^Ts^^'l^™' "^"^^ '"■ ^""^"^ <1°-
PeSs, Skillmanl fi ,rn^'e7Meir "v'f; "'"r"'""' ^^"""^^

HF-l-r> ri ■'"'-*'"• f-ic. Just received bv G O RAIl
KE I T, New England Seed Store. • mar'ch IC

BWbnryport Agricnltnral Warehouse and
SEEO STORE.

HE subscriber. Agent for the New England Seed Store
received a full assortment of Garden awl Flower Seeds'
d and put up exnre«ly for the New England Seed Es-
shtnent, m papers with their labels on them with directions
ullivaling, <^c. warranted of the growth of 1834.
so received from the Agricultural Warehouse, Boston
Manufecturers, a general assortment of Plou-rhs, Cultiva-
Hay Cutters, Hay Knives, Hoes, Garden ijoes. Manure
s, Shovels. Spades, Churns, .^c. The above establish-
was opened by the subscriber last Spring, and arran^e-
s made to be constantly supplied with all kinds of Gar-
ind Farming I ools, including those of the Dairy which
lers at manufaclurcrs' prices. \VM. HILL

., ^'o- 3, Smth Rmv, Market Snuare
Wburyport, April 1. 3j»'

4000 APPLE TREES

R sale by the subscriber, at Fresh Pond, in Cambridge;
ting of Baldwins, Russetts, Porters: Rivers, Siberian
, and Blue Pearmain.s. The trees are four v^ars from

Id and are probably the best in Massachusetts'

, . . , , ., „ JONAS WYETII.

nbridge, April 8.

extraTearly peas.

^.;j;;n|^,:;:^-^---^-'-e:^edwithlargeor

- ■' - GEO.C. HARRETT.

FOR SALE OR TO LET,

A valuable Farm situated in MedforH aUr.,,, e. -, ■■
this citv, well calculated for aUilt ' C "" ""'<"' '^""'

or would be let on shares n, S ^'cgetable and fruit farm,
wan- the same ' ^'"""'"'^ " 'emperale man should

For further particulars apply at this office. „ ,,.

and ifaTLe"' ''run'ifr^:,^""!?!'"!,' '"'"■ '" ""= "-' ■"-"■"•
inches diame.erl'unner ,9 i es^^irr^"""; ? '"'' '
accommodation of other machine'y ""'=''-'«">°^''d f"^ the
One runner, 5 feel diameter, 17 itiches thick
Two driving wheels, partly «orn, with pinions and spindles
.^ri8trS:-;i;r-^,*---sdiameter,

TREES FOR SALE,

-ret^ Crerr''y"ue:s,''p:a?;:ee?Pe7H ,^"'"^5''^"' -Apple
Laich trees. '™' ' "^'^ ''^^'' ^<":k maple and

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first omiiiv =,
lomary prices. » quality, at cus-

" ^^^ march 4.

feb. 25.

-Apples, Baldwin,

Beans, white

Beek, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. I. ' . ' . '
prime, . , _ _

Beeswax, (Americr'n)
llUTTER iiispccteil,Ko. 1,
Cheese, new inilk, .

skimmed milk.
Feathers, norihrrn, geese,
soiiihefn. geese,
Flax, Americnn,
Flaxseeii, . ,

Floijr, Genesee, . . cash
Bahimore, Howard street
Baltimore, wharf,
Alcxandiia,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow
southern yellow
white.
Rye, northern.
Barley, . . . '

Oats, "nor hern, . (priiiie)
Hat, best English, . . .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey, . . ^

Hops, 1st quality

2d quality .
Lard, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, 1st sort,
Leather, s.'aughter, sole, ' .
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

ilo. upper, .
Philadelphia, solo. .
Baltimore, sole, .
Lime, best sort.

Pork, Mass. inspect, extia clear, .
Navy, mess, .
bone, middlings,
Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, . . '

Red Clover, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle
I ALLOW, tried, ...
Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleece^;.

American, full blood, washed",
do. S-4ths do

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed
c ( Pulled superfine, ' .
£— ' I 1st Lambs, .
t=ii<i <lo.
^ g. 3d do, . . '
I 1st Spinning, .
Southern pulled wool is generally 5 cts
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

KROM

3 00

2 30

11 00

y 50

7 W
20
14 I
8 '
3.i
40
35
10
1 25
3C2
5 62
5 50j
5 25 I
32
H8

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

It
bushel

pound

cwt.
pound

C3
AS

13 00
12 50

14 00
37
12

19
12
16
18
27
25

1 10
20 00
16 00

3

2 25
77

25
7301
65
.35
50
42
36
38
no
45
30
25
35

3 50
2 62
II .W
10 00
725
23
lU
9
6
•15
39
II
1 30
3 75
5 75
5 62
530
83
77
73
90
65
50
19 50
13 00
15 OO
4S
13

10
9
20
14
18
20
29
27
112
21 00
17 00
850
2 50
1 00
9
30
800
75
60
" 55
48
42
60
40
50
.33
30
4«

"IVANTS A SITUATION.

cxpeiienced Gardener, well acquainted with all the
les of gardening, wants a situation— good reference can
de. Address R. E. at this office. April 8.

SILVER FIRS, &c.

UiAM Mann of Banrer, Me. will execute at short no-

Iders for silver Firs, Evergreens, .J-c well packed and

°'^"- April 8.

GROUND PLASTER,

11 the Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs

°"q ■?. tlj/f" r"""^ *"'' •<" -'=■'<= ^y GEO. CLARK *
0. 9, T Wharf ■, g '

"oJ^ve nore'tl"'df'^ad°di,!'''= Mf''"" ^"'^"'^ "■-><'
and Onmmental 7V , ^^ '" , "I'l "'['"■"°" °' """'

,^___ march 18.

KENRICK NURSERIES IN NEWTON

FarmerolTicc, Boston, and all orders for Trees Plan s<?lfi"''

e ^o'^'^:;"; «■ ^- ■'•■^.^rett wm be imm;dl:reTrM,rd:

march 18 "'"'' ^""' °" ^PP''"''°" '" ^'" Ba"eit.

PROVISION MARKET

RETAIL prices.

Hams, northern,
southern.
Pork, whole hogs
Poultry, .

BrTTER,(lub) .

lump
Eggs.
Potatoes,
Cider,

pound

10

*•

n

"

6

ti

10

16

u

dozen

18

bushel

:n

barrel

2 75

12
8
7

14

17

20

50

3 00

GRAPE VINES &. PLUM TREES.

pi!""f'-'-^ ""'' Catawba of extra size and Red and White
Chasselas Grapes, and of the foreign varieties

provedV:,tirs:itv^i^MUEf:''pi''Nn' Cambr"]"" "';
Orders may be left afthe N. E. FafmefoiEfe marc^h'?8.''

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoN.AY, April 31,,8a5.
[Keporled for Ihe Daily Advertiser & Patriot J

be se^n^^ o«;{otatio„rvir'^a%'"'' ''•'^^"^'^<' ^^ -"
above our hig^ quo.arns ^fr^^ " ''' ^^^
6d a 3Cs ; good at 3ai Cd ^ i?« . ,u^ .ll P/i'"^ ^' ^*^
Working Oxev stll ' i*"" ^^ ^' ^^ » '^^ 6d.

84, 88 and' ns"^"'*^' '""' ^«^<^ted at $62, 70, 75,

26,'l^5o,tof^^3r'^'' """"" -•- »' ^--^3.25,

SAef;,_Prices not made known.

takt"at^ll^fa','°,'V'\ r'''^ ^T ^'""^'^

5 1-4 for sows and V "Id ni ^^r-^'^". "' ^j and

6 for sows apd 7 for Co^'.^-' ^" ''^""'^i ^' '^^'h

320

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRII, 15, 1835.

SPRING.

Now the golden morn aloft

Waves her dew-bespangled wing,
With vermeil cheek, and whisper soft,

She woos the tardy spring ;
Till April starts and calls around
The sleeping fragrance from the ground ;
And lightly o'er the living scene
Scatters his freshest, tenderest green.

New-horn flocks, in rustic dance,

Frisking ply their feeble feet;
Forgetful of their wintry trance.

The birds his presence greet;
But chief the sky-lark warbles high
His trembling, thrilling ecstasy.
And lessening from the dazzling sight.
Melts into air and liquid light.

Rise, my soul ! on wings of fire,

Rise the rapturous choir among!
Hark ! 't is nature strikes the lyre.

And leads the general song ;
Warm let the lyric transport flow.
Warm as the ray that bids it glow,
And animates the vernal grove
With health, with harmony and love.

Yesterday the sullen year

Saw the snowy whirlwind fly ;
Mute was the music of the air.

The herd stood drooping by ;
Tlieir raptures now that wildly flow,
No yesterday nor morrow know;
'T is man alone that joy descries,
With forwanl and reverted eyes.

See the wretch that long has tost

On the thorny bed of pain,
At length repair his vigor lost,

And breathe, and walk again :
The meanest floweret of the vale.
The simplest note that swells the gale.
The common sun, the air, the skies,
To him are opening paradise. Guav.

Words do not, coiiiinonly si)eakiii^, convey
men's real sentiitjents ; — tliey only discover tlieir
foibles and passions. What a diftercnt thing tlie
world woiilil be, were men only known by their
actions, — the use of words not known ; — a scene
of acting and doing, not of talking. There would
not be'lialf the deceit and imposition which now
exists. There could not he, from tlie nature of
the case.

Great talkers are often greatly pestilential. We
once had a friend, otherwise valuable, hut he was
a great talker. We at first cut him — shunned
him. He however contrived to seize us sometimes,
and actually tore off most of our coat buttons, and
tore out the button holes ; and then we violently
broke friendship with him.

A great talker is good for little else. We have
seen one begin a day's work, and he would go at
it, secundem artem, as one would build an oration.
There was the long exordium of what he was
going to do ; and then, toward the conclusion, a
long recapitulation of what he had done, — which
was just about nothing ; — so his performance was
all head and tail, and no body.

There is little or no merit in talkativeness, — no
more than there is due to a cataract of falling water.
It is, like it, a natural propensity, and flows on and
on, and soon hecomes monotonous and impleasant
to the liearer, who takes care to keep out of the
reach of its spray, at least.

Great talkers are like many modern banks ; they
issue ten times the amount of their capital. —
Salem Observer.

Mechanics. — If there is any situation truly
enviable, it is that of an industrious mechanic,
who by his own unaided exertions has established
a respectable place in society ; who commencing
in poverty, by his skill and perseverance overcomes
every obstacle, vanquishes every prejudice, and
builds up lor himself a reputation whose value is
enhanced to others. And let it be remembered
that this situation is attainable by all who have
health and practical knowledge of their business ;
industry and virtuous ambition are seldom exerted
iu vain.

TALK, TALK, TALK.

This is a talking world. Man is emphatically
a talking animal. He is irresistibly given to it.
His head is an incessant manufactory of ideas,
notions and conceits, and they must be vended in
the shape of words at his mouth. The production
is constantly going on, and they must have an
outlet cither at the month or at the fingers' ends,
or his head would become over-charged, and burst
like a steam boiler. If he has no one to talk to,
he sets down and scrawls words on jiajier ; — they
must come out ; — this is some alleviation. IIow
one will talk in the moi'niug ! — the fact is, words
have been accunmlating during the night, —
dammeil lip for a while; when the flood gate is
open, out they rush.

Men (we say nothing of women) are not all
alike in this respect. Some arc commendably
taciturn. They have a sort of safety valve, called
prudence, which silently letsoft"this accumulating
article. We like taciturnity, and would set down
and write a lecture in its praise, at the expense of
talkativeness, could wo get an audience to listen
to it, — and did we not in the act commit the same
sin we should undertake to condemn.

pnUIT TREES.
ORNAMENTAL TREES, PLANTS, &c.

NuRSKRY of VVII,L1.'\M KE^RICK, in

, Nkwton, Mass. 5.^ milca from Bostmi by the

Western Avenue, and ^ a mite fioin the Woreester Rail lioud.

The Fruit Tkkks iiirlude the fiiiesl kinds of ^cw Flemish
Penrs. — also, Apples, Cheiries, Pca( hes, Plums, Nectarines,
Apricots, Alinoiuls, Quiiires, Grape Vines, Currants, Kasp-
berries, Gooseherries, and Aiulherries, including the Ci inesc
fltulbcrry, or MoRus l\lu LTic.\ul.ls, ^^l^a wherries. Figs, &c. —
selections from ihe best varielies known. The Drnamenlal
Trees and Plants alone, comprise one (hmisand varieties, the
most heautil'ul know n ; llicse include Horse Chesuuls, Weep-
ing Willows, <!latalpas, Mounlain Ash, Ayanlhus or Tree of
Heav<'n, tJcotch Larch, Silver Firs, Venelian.'^umacb, Altlieas,
Snowhalls, Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &.c. — Superb China and
Harily looses, Herbaceous Flowering Plants, Paeonies, and
splendid Double Dahlias.

Address to \Vm. Kenrick, Newton, Mass. Trees and
Plants, when ordered, are selected and labelled wilh due pre-
caution and care, and securely packed and duly forwarded
from B< ston tiy land or sea. 'I'ransportation to Boston gratis.

All orders left with (iKo. C Barrett, at his Seed Store,
Nos 51 tV S'-, Norlli .Market street, Boston, who is Agent, wil!
be in like manner duly aUended to — Catalogues gratis, on
application.

io.OOO Peach Trees Gentlemen who may be desirous ol

formiiit; extensive orchards of the Peach tree iu the vicinity or.
our rail roads, lor the supply of the Boston market, are now|
oO'ered a capital collection- i

NANKIN <fc CANTON STRAW CARPETIMG.

Ei.iAB Stone Brkwkr, No. 414 Washington street, has
conslanll\* on hand a large assortment of Straw Carpeting, of
various qualities and widths, among which are —
2."HX) yards superfine INankin, f>-4
2000 do. do. do. 5-i

3500 tlo. Canton do. 6-4
'1500 do. do. do. ."j^

1 case German Table Mats, a new and superfiDe-
article. April L

TO LET,

O.v a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed upon, a-
Farm, containing one hundred acres of Land, suitable for a
Dairy, with dwelling house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
site, a good orchard, and well watered. The Situation is two
miles from the city of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden.,
por lurtlier particulars addre s (post paid) to i\o.265. l)o\
post otTice, New Haven. Feb. ^.

Be CiREFUL WHAT YOU SAY TO PRINTERS.

Not long since, a promismg citizen, on ftimilitir
terms with the printer, on opening his morning
paper, reail, to his utter astonishment, his own
name in the following connexion :

" Died at his residence in this town yesterday,

Jlr , aged — , a promising citizen much

lamented."

Not being fiiUy convinced of the truth of the
statement, with all speed he repaired to the office
to ascertain the author of the deadly libel. "What !
you here ! " says Typo ; " Did you not say that if
you lived, you would fulfil your promise last night ?
You must he in error, sir — if you are a man of
your word, you must have died — go home, sir, for
decency's sake, go home and be buried."

The man was rcmintlcd of his remissness, and
we never heard that he ever ailer forgot his prom-
ise to the printer. He was better pleased with the
joke when he learnt that his death was only
inserted in the copy which was sent him.

TO LET,

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land, situated one
mile from ihe city of New Haven — very desirable as a Dairy,
a great part being pasture, and produces good hay. There is
a collage, . nd everv requisite building, all newly erected, and
mav be had lor such term of years as may be agreed upon, at
a nioderale rent. Address No. 2G5, Post Office, Aew Haven,
(post paid.) ,

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines
for sale bv Jonathan Bovce, Market Street, Lynn,
march ^. 4t

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

For sale at this oflice, one complete set of the New EnglantJ
Farmer, comprising twelve volumes, neatly a. d well bound,
and perfect. Price ^'3 25 per volume, cash. Feb. IS.

Try to obtain an equanimity of temper which
nothing can ruffle. He always calm and cool, the
same in adversity as in prosperity, never elated,
never depressed.

THE NEW ENGLAND PARMER

Is published e\ery VN'ednesday F.vcning, at ^3 per annum,
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay within
sixtv days from the time of subscribing, arc entitled to a de-
duction of filly cents.

[Ij= No paper will be sent to a distance wifhoul paymei
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

AVic Yorl,-—C, C. Thoreurn. 67 Libcrfy-slreel.
AUnmii — Wm , 'fnoKnuiiN, ;>17 rtlaikel-sticel.
PhihriUtplii'i — D. iV C. LANDnKTM, V5 Chesnut-street.
JUiitimore — I. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmi
Cinchmiti — S. C. I'arkhukst, 21! Lower RIarkel-slreet.
Fliishhiff, N. y. — Wm. Pkince Jj- Sons, Prop. Lin. Hot. G.i'
Middlrhtinj. Vl. — WioHT Chapbian, Merchant.
Hartford — Goodwin i^ Co. Booksellers.
Nrwhinjport — EBKNF.7.ER Stkiiman, Bookseller.
Partsmvuth, N. II. — JoiIN W. FosTKR, Bookseller.
Woodstock, \'t. — J. A. Pratt.
Rans'or, Me. — Wm. Mann, Druggist.
Ilalifa.r. N. .S". — P. .1. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.

.S'(. LoJlil—iivO. HoI.TON.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.
ORDERS FOR PRINTING RECEIVEP BY TnE rt/EI-JSIIEIl

J\EW EUTGL-AJ^D FARMER,

AND GARDENER' S JOURNAL

I'URLISHEI) BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO 52 NORTH MARKFT STRrrT /a ~Z

, nw. oi INUKIH MAKKbT bPKEET, (Agricultcral Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOT.. XIII.

BOSTON, AVEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 22, 183.5.

NO. 41.

MR MOSELEY'S ADDRESS

BEFORE THE

;SSF. X COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETV,

At tlie Annunl Catde Show, at New Rowley,

September 95, 1834.

[Oonlinueil Irom p.ige 315.1

In England, as in tliis country, the management
■f forest trees and wood lots is left wholly to the
liscretion of their respective owners, with this
.xception, that in England the government claim
right to certain large timber for purposes of
aval architecture. In France, the whole forests
f the kingdom, whether royal domains or pri-
ate i)roperty, are under the du-ection of com-
lissioners of the forests, and no individual can
nt down an acre of his wood without permission
f government. Such is the character of the
ws, and the rigid system of inspection, that it is
ilculated the forests of France, and tlie supplies
" wood from them, will never diminish, and that
lere will always he sutficient for domestic con-
miption, for fuel as well as for civil and naval
chitectnre. Even during the revolution, when
e, property, and the dearest rights of man were
sregarded and involved in one general ruin,
hen havoc and plunder sought every thing
hich time and habit had rendered valuable, her
eat and extensive forests were sacredly preserv-
. England is abundantly supplied with miner-
coal for domestic purposes, and for her exten-
'e niaimfactories, while in France, wood is used
nost exclusively. It is, therefore, highly im-
rtant that she should have laivs, and those
ictly enforced for preserving her forests and
)ods. — Nor is it less important in our own comi-
'. I could wish all our forests and wood lots
der the control of commissioners like those of
ance, although it might operate severely upon
vate rights. But, as in many other cases, these
vate rights might be yielded "up for the j)ublic
3d. r would require every public highway in the
Timouwealth to be lined, on each side, at the
tance of two or three rods, with the elm, but-
i-wood, maple, ash, oak, or some other forest
B. This would not only afford a delightful
de for the traveller, but it would produce a
hly valuable growth of wood. I have often
a surprise that onr farmers should i>ot more
lerally cultivate trees, about their houses, for
de and ornament. This might be done with
expense, but a few hours of labor, and it would
der their habitations more pleasant and give to
m a great additional value, should they have
asion to sell ; or should the estate descend to
ir heirs, these trees would be a living monu-
it to their memories, while that raised by the
d of affection may have crutnbled to the (lust.
.h what feelings of veneration <lo we often see
majestic elm, spreading its mighty branches,
throwing its cooling shade around the humble
ision of some former personage. Such trees
y with them lessons of instruction to gencra-
s which never heard the voice of him who
ited them.

Perhaps no country in the world is so highly
favored iu the beauty, variety, and utility of her
forest trees as the United States ; or perhaps I
should say North America. Monsieur Michaux. a
French gentleman, of much science and a distin-
guished botanist, made a voyage to this country
in 1802 for the purpose of examining our forests,
and in 1806 he was employed by the French gov-
ernment to undertake another voyage underthe
orders of tlie administration ofFrench forests.
He devoted .several years to obtain a knowledge
of the properties, variety and utility of various
sorts, as api)lied to the arts. He states, that the
number of sorts of American forest trees, whose
growth amounts to thirty feet at least, and of
which he has given a description, amounts to 137,
of which ninetytwo are employed in the arts. In
France there are only thirtyseven which grow to
that size, of which eighteen only are found in
their forests, and seven only of these are employ-
ed in civil and maritime architecture.

There is one subject, connected with forest
trees, upon which there appears to be a diversity
of opinion, aud which I wish to present to your
consideration, that you may compare it with your
own experience. It is, as to the best time to fell
timber, with a view to its durability. To me, it
IS a matter of much surprise, that the opinions of
practical men are not uniform and settled upon
this subject — a subject so important to almost
every man in society, and particularly to those
who have any interest in civil and naval architec-
ture. The subject appears to be as unsettled in
Europe as in this country, or rather the prevailing
opinion in both countries is probably erroneous.
It appears to be the more general opinion iu
Europe and in this country, and the practice has
conformed to this opinion, to fell timber in the
winter, or while the sap is down ; or to be more
precisely accurate, in the month of February in
the old of the moon. In France, by a royal or-
dinance of the ye-ar 1669, the time of felling
naval timber was fixed from the first of October
to the fifteenth of April, in the wane of the moon.
Napoleon, having adopted the opinion that ships
built of timber felled at the moment of vegetation,
must be liable to rajiid decay, and require imme-
diate repairs, from the effect of the fermentation
of the sap, in those pieces which have not been
felled in proper season, issued a circular order to
the commissioners of the forests, that the time for
felling naval timber should be abridged, and that it
should be in the decline of the moon, from the first
of November to the fifteenth of March. Commo-
dore Porter, of the American Navy, in a communi-
cation which appeared in the American Farmer,
gives it as his opinion, that the most proper sea-
son for felling timber, with a view to its durabil-
ity, is in the winter, when the sap has ceased to
circulate. He is of opinion that the moon has a
powerful influence upon timber, as well as upon
many other things.

Notwithstanding this powerful array of author-
ity for felling timber iu the winter, while the sap

is down, to increase its durability, many experi-
ments have been made which seem to establish
the fiict that timber cut when the sap is in most
active circulation, is most durable. Mr Benjamin
Poor, the owner or occupant of Indian Hill Farm,
in this county, in a communic.-ition to Gorhani
Parsons, Esq. published in the Massachusetts Ag-
ricultural Repository, states the following fact as
within his own knowledge and observation. His
grandfather, in the fall of the year 1812, selected
two white oak trees, size, situation, general ap-
pearance as lo age and health and the soil, as near
alike as possible. In the month of March follow-
ing, in the old of the moon, one tree was cut, the
timber carried to the mill and sawed into suitable
tim-ber and scantling for an ox cart, and put up to
.season in the open air. The middle of June the
other tree was cut, carried to mill, and sawed as
the former, suitable for an ox wagon, and put up iu
the ojien air to season, and treated iu every re-
spect like that cut in March. In the fall of the
year, both parcels of timber were housed and in
the spring following an ox cart was made from one
and an ox wagon was made from the otlier parcel,
both painted, and the work alike in all reipects.
They were used principally for hauling stone, and
if there was any difference in the service to which
they were used, it was that the June timber had
the hardest. They were both housed in winter
and commonly remained out in summer. Mr
Poor says, at this time (1821) the one made of
timber cut in March is very much decayed, the
sides defective, much bruised, and a general ap-
pearance of decay, while that made of timber cut
in June is perfectly sound, has not given way nor
started iu the joints, or in any respect appears half
as much worn as the other, although it has had
the hardest service.

The late Hon. Timothy Pickering, the first
President of our Society, who.se zeal and intelli-
gence, connected with his long experience and
great industry, give to his opinions much value
appears to have been of opinion, that the best

ime for fellingtimber trees for durability, is, when
the sap is vigorously flowing. He states the fol-
lowing fact, as communicated to him by Joseph
Cooper, Esq., of New Jersey, a practical far-
mer. Mr Cooper's farm lay u))on the banks of
the Delaware, nearly opposite Philadelphia, and
was exposed to the ravages of the British armv
while occupying that city. Pressed for fuel, his
fences first fell a prey to their nt^essilies, and in
the month of May, 1778, they cut down a quantity
of his white oak trees; but circumstances requir-
ing their sudden evacuation of the city, his fallen
timber was saved. This he split into posts and
rails. The ensuing winter, in the old of the moon,
in February, he felled an additional quantity of
his white oaks, and split them into posts and rails
to carry on his fencing. It is now, said Mr
Cooper, twentytwo years since the fences made of
the May fallen timber were put up, and they are
yet sound ; whereas those made of trees felled in
February, were rotting in about twelve years.

322

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRIt. 33, 193S.

Mr Pickering treats the notion, that the moon has
an influence upon timber or vegetation as vis-
ionary.

I have before said, that it is not yet well settled
whetlier the moon has any influence upon vegeta-
tion. It is, indeed, a singular fact, that this sub-
ject sliould remain unsettled even to the present
day : anil yet it is so far unsettled, tliat probalily
one half of our fanners who have occasion to sow
a field of turnips, would prefer the old of the
moon. I have never had any belief in the sup-
posed influence of the moon, and iiave generally
adopted the opinion, that industry and sunshine
will do very well without any aid from the moon.
I have generally ranked this opinion of the moon's
influence, with those sui)erstitions which would
give importance to the circumstance, whether the
moon was first seen over the right or left shoulder
or whether an enterprise would be successful
•commenced on Friday. And yet some men of
great science and experience are firm in the be-
lief of its influence.

It would be an amusing exercise to collect the
various opinions and facts, both ancient and niod-
t-rn, upon this subject, but it would far exceed the
limits of this discourse. I will however remark,
that the ancients paid great regard to the age of
the moon in the felling of their timber. Their
rules ai)pear to have been to fell timber in the
wane of the moon, or four days after the new
moon ; some say let it be the last quarter. Pliny
orders it to be in the very article of the change,
which happening in the last of the winter solstice,
the timber he says, will be immortal. Columella
nays, from the twentietli to the twentyeiglith day.
Cato, four days after the full. Vegetius, from the
fifteenth to the twentyfifth for ship timber, but
never in the increase : trees then much abound
with moisture, the only source of putrefaction.

Commodore Porter, we liave seen, is of the
opinion that tiinber should be felled in the old of
the moon to give it durability, and he expressly
says that its influence is nearly, if not quite as
powerful as the suu. The commissioners of the
French forests require such timber to be cut in
the old of the moon, and such has been the stand-
ing regulation from the year 1669.

Mr Staples, of Turner, in the County of Oxford
and State of Maine, in a communication in the
New England Farmer, describes himself as above
the a^e of seventy years, and during the greater
part of that time has been a practical farmer. He
removed to this place at the age of twenty wo, when
the country was new, and was among tlie five first
Kcttlers, and has given particular attention to the
moon's influence on tiinber, vegetatioi], &c. lie
says, that it is a truth, that the moon operates upon
llie earth and everything wliich grows upon it,
much more powerfully than is generally imagined.
It is also true, that the effects of litr operation
vary regularly, as she jiasses through licr orbit or
monthly course. Timber cut in the wane of the
moon, will be much more durable than it would
be if cut between the new and full njoon. Her
operations are .so great and so difl'crent in the
various parts of her orbit, that by cutting one
three hours before the new moon, and another
of the same kind six horns afterward.'), and pre-
serving them one year, a very striking diftercuce
in the soundness of them will be discovered. -11'
I had knov^'ii, says Mr Staples, as much at the age
■of twcntytwo yeari^, as I now do, relative to this
subject, I am satisfied it would have benefitted

me more than a thousand dollars, ])articularly in
clearing hard wood land and in getting durable
timber for buildings of all kinds, and for sleds,
carts, &c.

He says, I have found by experience that fruit
trees set out in the wane of the moon, and partic-
ularly on the last day of the last quarter, are
more likely to live and be flourishing, than when
set out at any other timo. 1 have proved by ex-
periments, for ten years in succession, that an ap-
ple tree limb or graft, cut oft' in the month of May,
about three hours b fore the moon changes, and
carefully set out, will grow and do well.

Another writer says, that in the months of May,
June, and July, oak trees, iu the new of the moon
will readily part with the bark, when, in the old
of the same moon, the bark will adhere closely.

Such are some of the o])inions and facts to sup-
port the affirmative of this question : but opposed
to these opinions may probably be found most of
the scientific and practical agriculturists of the
present day. Doctor Dean and Colonel Pickering,
men of great experience, practical knowledge and
accurate observation, consider these notions of the
moon's influence as visionary. There are certain
operations of the moon upon the earth, which are
obvious and admitted by all. It afl'ords us light
by night, it turns the earth in some degree from
its elliptical orbit, it occasions a small oscillation
in the earth's axis, it causes the ebbing and flow-
ing of the sea, and a like effect upon the atmos-
phere. But heat which is the cause of vegetation
has never yet been discovered in the collected
rays of light from the moon. Experiments, made
at the Royal Observatory in Paris, have proved,
that the light of the moon condensed by a power-
ful lens, had no effect whatever in altering chemi-
cal products, though very sensibly and easily af-
fected by the light of the sun. Another fact is,
that the most opposite weather in different parts,
take place at the same instant of time, and of
course under the same ])hases of the moon.

It was proliably from opinions prevalent in the
days of Solonian of certain influences in the
heavens, that he was led to make the mild rebuke.
He that observeth the winds shall not sow, and he
that regardeth the clouds shall not reap.

I now come to a topic, which, although more
immediately connected with the department of
horticulture, is still within the objects of this so-
ciety. I refer to the cultivation of fruit trees.
We are told that man, in his primeval state, as he
came fresh from the hands of his Creator, and,
arrayed in purity and innocence, was placed in a
garden of fruits to dress and till it. This employ-
ment so congenial to the purity and perfection of
his original character, has lost nothing of its favor-
able influence in leading the mind to virtue and
happiness. It has often been a matter of sur]irise
to me, that the attention of our farmers has been
so little directed to the cultivation of fruits, and
es])ecially, when we consiiler, that they are strongly
urged to a consideration of this subject, by every
motive of profit, health and pleasure. There is
nothing which a farmer can raise upon his farm
with so little trouble and so great profit as valua-
ble fruit trees ; and yet nothing is more rare than
to see a (arm house with a variety of valuable
fruit trees attached to it. The most that we
usually fiiul is ])erhaps a few old apple trees,
which show the nuuks of long neglect, and per-
haps one or two decaying pear trees, bearing hard
and crabbed fruit. With but a few hours' labor

every year, a great variety of the best fruits may
be obtained. Our climate is exceedingly favor-
able for the cultivation of apples, pears, cherries
and plums. These are trees usually of long life.
The apple tree will continue in bearing fifty or
sixty years. But a few years since there was nn
apple tree in the garden of the Wylly's fandly in
Hartford, Coimecticut, which was set out by the
old Secretary, before the middle of the seventeenth
century. The pear tree is usually of longer life
than the apjde. The old Endicott jicar tree in
Dauvers was planted by Gov. Endicott in 1630,
and is more than two hundred years old. Al-
though much decayed it still bears fruit. The
cherry and plum tree often live to a great age. It
is therefore not one of the least considerations in
planting these trees, that we are rendering a valu-
able service to the generations which are coming
after us.

As to the matter of profit, I would inquire ii
what manner an acre of ground, iu the ordinarj
course of cultivation, can be made so profitable as
in the cidtivation of fruits. Good fruits will c;l-
ways find a good and ready market. After th(
trees are set out the ground nuiy be cultivated foi
many years, with little or no injury to the crop
and with great benefit to the trees. The trees
themselves will require little other labor thai
pruning, and this may require one day annually
If the fruit be judiciously selected, it would sell
iu the market for more than the whole crop o
corn, potatoes or grain, and pay for gathering am
marketing. Even in the Newburyjiort market
good peaches will bring from three to four dollar
a busliel, cherries and plums from four to fivi
dollars, pears from one dollar fifty cents to twi
dollars, and ap])les one dollar a bushel. Take fo;
instance a premium crop of corn or any othei
grain, af\er deducting labor, &c. fifty dollars wouk
be a liberal amount for profit, and yet I canno
but think an acre of good fruit would yield i
profit of four times this amount.

Fruit is also one of the greatest luxuries whici
God, iu his providence has given toman. Havi
you not been at the festive board loaded w.itli al
the dainties which wealth and taste could collec
from this and other climes? And have you no
seen that those ripened in oiu' own sunshine hav(
always been preferred? What foreign fruit can com
pare with the mellow blushing apple, the luscioul
pear, and the peach which fills the room with itt
fragrance ? And yet all these we may have wit!
very little labor a«d very little expense. If I an
told that accidents often attend the cultivation o
fruit, which disappoint our expectations, I wouldi
inquire what crop of the farmer is not liable t<
accident ? Frost, and drought, which ofVen injun
fruit, are no less injurious to tillage crops.

Ri|)e fruit also contributes greatly to health,
have seldom known a family of children, accu*
tomed 10 the daily use of ripe fruit, who hav<
nmch occasion for a i)hysician. It prevents il
both old and young dysenteries, cholics, am
various other ills which flesh is heir to, and givf
the form of health and strength so essential t(
our happiness. This is a cheap medicine, fnucl
cheaper than that presented by a i)hysician, whicI
we must pay dearly for, and liis visit beside.

Every farmer shoidd be well accjuainted wit)
the operations of grafting and budding. It is 81
art attended with no difficulty and may be lcarne(
in one hour. A little practice will enable an;
person to perform the operations with great rapid

VOL,. XIII. NO. 41.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

323

ity and success. 1 deem a knowledge of these
sirni)le arts so iiniiortant, tliat I would make the
knowledges oftlicni, an cssoiititil part of a young
gentleman's ('diication.

The peach is prohably the most short lived tree
of all our fruit trees, hut it is renewed with very
little trouble. Plant a peach stone in the place
where you want a tree to grow, and it is very sure
to cotnc up and flourish. The better way is,
however, to have a nursery. Take a few feet of
ground in the garden and in the fall plant a num-
ber of stones. At two years' growth the tree
may be budded with fruit which you know to be
excellent, and in the fall of the year the tree may
he transplanted to the place where you wish it to
stand. Let it have a southern aspect, at the south
side of the house or barn, or on the south side of
a hill, and it will for several years produce fruit
abundant!}', which will repay all your labor and
trouble. When it decays let it be renewed by
another. In the same manner other fruit trees
may be produced.

It is a happy circumstance for New England,
that agriculture is considered among her most hon-
orable aud useful employments. Of those who
have taken a deep and lively interest in its success
aud given tl)e result of their experience for the
benefit of the public, we name with no common
emotion Timothy Pickering, our late President,
who WHS distinguished, not less for his rank in the
army of the revolution and in the councils of the
nation, than for his unwearied and successful de-
votion to agricidture. His mortal remains now
repose in the bosom of that earth, which when
iliviug he so industriously cultivated, while his
ispirit walks abroad to cheer and encourage and
elevate his agricultural brethren. But we are not
left alone. There remain to us living examples of
all that is honorable, beneficent, manly, in Lowell,
Welles, Prince, Parsons, Perkins and many others.
[These men, with ample fortunes, cultivated minds
nd refined ta?te, have given a character to agri-
ultural pursuits which they did not possess before.
|They have not only raised two blades of grass,
rvhere one only grew before, but they have made
he bramble give place to the luxuriant fruit tree.
n the society of such men for fellow laborers,
ho would not be proud to be a farmer. To the
lergy of our society we are much indebted for
ouutenauce and aid. Colman and Perry not
nly " point to heaven and lead the way," but they
each to strew this thorny path of earth with fruits
nd flowers. With such company our employ-
nent wiil be honorable, and circumstances may
ender it profitable.

IDIPROVEItlENT IN BEE HIVES.

We have made an improvement in the con-
itruction of hives last summer. It is very simple

■so much the better. Cut a door in the hive at
;he usual place, 5 or 6 inches wide in a small hive
ind 7 or eight in a large one, and about an inch
id a half high ; the upper part should be made
(erfectly straight by marking it and cutting with a
Irawing knife. I'ut a piece of board in this
ilace, jointed straight, allowing just room enough
itween it and the board on which the hive sets
for the bees to pass conveniently, and allow al-
lost, but not quite sufficient space above for the
(ees to pass. — By this window bees will be sup-
ilied with fresh air, when it is necessary to Con-
ine them to their hives by closing the door. If

it be thought that this plan allows too much light,
the upper aperture may be stopped while the
other is open, by laying a piece of board over it
supported by a coujile of nails driven into
the hive on which it is laid ; a part of the door
uuiy also be stopped if considered necessary.

This improvement costs a mere trifle, a?id we
find that it affords many important advantages,
and is a|)plicable to hives of almost every descrip-
tion. We made hives in this manner at first, most-
ly fur the purpose of preventing robberies. When
bees are attacked, they frequently join the assail-
ants, go off with them and carry away the honey.
We lost 60 or 70 pounds from a hive in that way
last fall ; we stopped them up a day or two at a
time as they appeared to be disturbed by robbers,
allowing them a little air ; we left them open in
October, supposing it to be too cool for them to
be molested, and being absent, we supposed that
they were robbed in some warm days that occur-
red in that month. We lost a swarm of bees and
about 30 pounds of honey in the same way the
fall |)revious. Hives made in the manner above
described may be stopped up at the door for sev-
eral days, perhaps for several weeks, without in-
jury, as the window will allow them sufiicient air
for respiration. Hives made in this manner may
be safely sto])ped uj), when necessary to move
them from place to place, or to do any work near
the hives, or when any attention is necessary to
the hive or others near it ; and hives of tliis con-
struction will not be so liable to suffocation, as the
snow on the board outside and the dead bees and
other matter falling down on the inside, and the
water falling upon the board will be much more
likely to stop up the door of the hive than the
window above. Another important advantage,
the bees may be safely confined to their hives
during winter and spring until the weather is warm
enough for them to go out without injury. We
lost several hundred bees last month hy their
going out on warm days, and becoming chilled so
that they could not return. We thought that they
would not go out in the winter as we had put
boards on the front of the bee-house to jn-event
their being revived by the sun's shining on the
hives. Had it not been for this we should doubt-
less have lost thousands. They arc now confined
to their hives where they must remain until thev
can go abroad with safety.

The greatest disadvantages that we have expe-
rienced in managing bees, are done away by adopt-
ing the above improvement, and we hope that
others will be benefitted by it. — Yankee Farmer.

Raisi.ng stock. — S. Look, in the Genesee Far
mcr states as follows : Last year, being in posses
sion of nearly a dozen remarkably fine calves, of
the " Improved Durham Breed," in the rearing of
which I desired to be as good and economical as
possible, I was induced to try a variety of food.
The following plan proved most successful : —
To mix with a small quantity of milk, a portion
of bailed potatoes and fine bran. When the ani-
mals were 3 or 4 mouths old, I changed their diet
to coarse bran aud warm water ; and I think, by
this method, I can now produce a number of
calves equal in height of condition and symmetry
of form, to any in this section of the country.

tures by Professor Silliman. On Friday evening
April 10th, he gave the last, which was a brilliant
and interesting exhibition, even superior to any
previous effort. How very narrow minded must
that man be, who looks upon the face of nature,
and settles down in the belief that the hills, the
dales, the ocean, and the innumerable tributarj'
streams, present the s.-tme appearance they did at
the moment they were called forth into existence
by the Creator. Professor Silliman intimated that
the earth was probably a ball of fire, at first. That
its centre is now an immense mass of liquid fire,
all philosoj)liy seems to prove beyond the possibil-
ity of doubt. The elevations of the mountains,
aud the dreadful destruction of the primitive co-
lossal animals, were all brought about by the
agency of an internal force, which must have
been that of lieat, seconded by the rush of water
in conseqnence of the derangement of those
boundaries, which had once confined it to particu-
lar places. — Scientific Tracts.

Geology. — In the last number of the Tracts
we adverted very generally to the course of lec-

Hajimf.ring Stone. — A physician of this city
has invented a machine, recently patented, for
hauunering and facing granite, or any other kind
of building stone. The mechanic who construct-
ed a model for the patent ofiiee, at Washington,
informs us that he considers it in the light of a
happy tliscovery, as faced stone may be shortly af-
forded as cheap as brick. A number of hammers,
weighing not far from twelve pounds each, are
set in motion either by steam or water power, and
move with such rapidity that the fragments fly
like dust in a windy day. All the hammers move
diagonally across the stone, in two directions,
thereby completely levelling and smoothing it by
simply passing the block onward under them and
back again. One of these nuichines, on a large
scale is being erected at South Boston. Should
it answer the expectations of the inventor, the old
fashioned method of hammering stone will be
wholly neglected as one machine will accomplish
as much in a day as twenty or thirty men. — Sci-
entijic Tracts.

Silk Manukactlre. — Mr Gay of Poughkeep-
sie, has arrived in this city, with the intention of
establishing a silk manufactory here on a perma-
nent basis. He has by close observation, much
experience and unconmion talent, succeeded in
striping the manufacture of silk of all mystery
and difiiculties. He has reduced it to a simple
and certain business, capable of producing regular
returns, and discovers the best evidence of the
fact by his determination to carry on the manufac-
ture himself in several different places. Those
desirous of seeing the beautiful fabrics in his pos-
session, and the plans by which they are produced,
will find it to their advantage to call on Mr Bly
denburg at his office in Apothecaries' Hall, where
fiuthcr particulars may he learned. — AC Y.
paper.

Permanent Ink for marking Linen. — Take
of lunar caustic (now called argentuni nitratum)
one drachm ; weak solution, or tincture of galls,
two drachms. The cloth must be fi|-st wetted
with the following liquid, viz. salt of tartar, one
ounce ; water, one ounce and a half; and must
be perfectly dry before any attempt is made ta
write upon it.

324

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRII, aa, 1835.

^E-SSJS 2>ilS2S'^a

[Translated from the French, for the New England Farmer.]
CHBESE.
I Concluded from page 305.]
PAR.MESAN CHEESE.

It is especially in tlie environs of Lodi, that
most of the Parmesan cheese, the reputation of
which is established in every country, is made.
Those which are carried into the market are
made in aiiliimn. It is remarked that the cows
which produce the milk of which it is made, jias-
ture in aquatic prairies, but covered with abundant
fodder, and that in autumn, tlie time when the
most is made, they are fed almost exclusively upon
rice straw.

The manufacture of Parmesan differs but little
from thai of the Gruyere. Many cows are equal-
ly necessary to ju-oduce the necessary quantity of
of milk. The iriilkiug of the evening is mixed
with that of the morning ; the whole is poured
into a kettle suspended by a crane, over a moder-
ate fire. Whilst the milk is heating, the necessa-
ry quantity of saffron f<ir coloring the curd a
iine yellow is mixed with a portion of milk.
When the milk is rather more than luke-warm,
this mixture is ])oured in, and the rennet is intro-
duced, stirring the litpiid so as to spread equally
the yellow coloring and the rennet. The kettle is
immediately drawn from the fire and covered.
When the curd, is well formed, it is cut in every
direction with a wooden sword : the kettle is
placed again over the fire, and a brassoir with
nine pegs, is plunged into it and stirred round,
afterwards it is stirred for a quarter of an hour
\vith a brassoir with four pegs. Care has been
taken to renew the fire, and as soon as the parti-
r-les have acquired consistency, the kettle is taken
from the fire. After a few moments the curd set-
tips at the bottom of the kettle; the superfluous
whey is taken off — and then the curd, which is
drained in a cloth suspended by the four corners.

As soon as the curd becomes cold, it is put into
a wooden mould ])laced upon the table because it
has no bottom ; a wooden dish is placed above, on
which is a very heavy w/?ight, and thus it is left
until the next morning.

It is then taken out of the mould and carried to
the store house, 24 hours after it is salted on the
top and sides, and each day afterwards, during
from 15 to 20 in winter, and 12 to 1.5 in summer,
it is turned and salted each side alternately.

It is afterwards kept in a cheese room neither
too dry nor too moist ; it is turned every day and
rubbed with oil from time to time.

The Parmesan is much drier than the Gruyere,
and keeps a much longer time ; it.s flavor is
also different. Its superiority may be attributed
to more cooking and stronger pressure. These
are two things very easy to introduce in the man-
ut'acture of tlu^ Gruyere.

CHESHIRE CHEESE.

This cheese, of such repute in England, and
which always .sells with us at such a high price,
has the consistency of Parmesan, but less flavor.
.Some of it is made vvhirh weighs a hundred
pounds, and it is jjretended that these are the b(!St.
They are made in the form of a pine apple.
They last for many years.

The milk of the evening before is skimmed and
the cream set by, because it is not thought proper
to enter, in this state into the coinposition of the

cheese. Almost the whole quantity of the skim
milk, with the exception of that which is to fill
the kettle to be put over the fire, is turned into the
cheese tub (a kind of high narrow tub, the lower
part of which is larger than the upper.) When
the milk in the kettle is well heated, half of it is
turned into the cheese-tub, and the other half is
put into the cream which is set by. These oper-
ations should be finished just as the morning's
milk is drawn. Then the necessary quantity of
this new milk is poured into the tub. During this
time the cream, upon which the very hot milk has
been turned, becomes liquefied by the heat, and it
is mixed, in the tub, with the mass of milk which
is there. All the foam which has collected upon
the surface in consequence of the different move-
ments of the milk is taken off carefully.

Then the rennet and the coloring matter are in-
troduced. We have mentioned the manner of
preparing the rennet for the Cheshire cheese ; the
coloring matter is an infusion of roucou orannotto.
As soon as the infusion of rennet and roucou
have been turned in, the whole is well stirred with
a large wooden spoon. Then the tub is covered
with a wooden cover, upon which is placed a
cloth, and the milk is left imtil it has curdled,
which takes place in about an hour or an hour
and a half.

If the milk has been put hot into the pan, the
curd w ill be firm, and the whey which leaves it,
will be of a beautiful pale green ; this is a desira-
ble result. If, in continumgthe process, the mass
is found to be too cold, hot water or milk may be
turned into it, or a vase full of boiling water
placed in it ; but this can only be done before
the coagulation takes place. When on the
contrary, the milk lias been too hot, the process
must go on as it can ; as soon as the whey can be
separated from it, it is set to cool and turned into
the tub to cool the curd. When the milk is prop-
erly curdled, it is cut with a wooden sword, in
every direction and the whole mass is broken by
plunging the hands in, and kneading it completely.
When this is done, the tub is covered and the
curd is left for a few moments, which collects and
settles at the bottom. Then all the whey is taken
off that can be, then, separating the tub in two by
means of a movable partition which does not join
perfectly, the whole of the curd is put on one side,
and above it a plank with a heavy weight is placed ;
the whey thus runs off, and this jirocess is repeated,
by passing the curd alternately from one side of
the partition to the other, as long as any whey can
be taken off.

The curd is then pounded in a tub, and a form or
mould lined with a thin cloth is filled, in such a
manner that the curd forms a cone at the top.
This form is filled with holes all round it : the
curd is crowded into it as much as possible, then
the comers of the cloth are gathered up ; upon
the top of the cone a board is ])laccd with a weight
of 50 pounds. Whilst it is thus in press, iron
skewers are placed in the holes of the mould, and
are alternately drawn out to let out the whey.
When all has run out, the cheese is turned out,
crumbled up again and placed in another cloth :
the whole is then returned to the form, which
must be previously washed in warm whey,
and the weight replaced. This process is re-
peated as often as any whey can be extracted.

In this state it is taken from the mould, knead-
ed anew, mixing with the paste a handful of salt ;
afterwards it is placed in another form similarly

lined with a cloth, only finer, and surmounted
with a smaller circle, to preserve to the cheese
the form of a cone ; it is placed under a heavy
weight, and the skewers are taken out as before.
After all the whey has been extracted by this
means, it is left under the press until the next
morning.

Four or five days afterwards, the base of the
cheese is enveloped in a fine cloth ; it is placed in
an osier wattle, and put half way in brine, and
the upper part covered with fine salt. It is then
turned once every day, always sailing that part
which is out of the brine ; and after three days, it
is taken from the wattle, and surrounded by a
wooden circle nearly as high as the cheese. It is
thus put upon a bed of salt ; it is left there
eight days, care being taken to turn it every day
and to salt the upper part.

Finally, the cheese is put into warm water,
washed with a brush, and wiped well with a
cloth. Two hours after this last process, it is
well greased all over with about two ounces of i
fresh butter, and then placed in the cheese room, )
which should be dry and hot.

We cannot further pursue the description of
the different processes for the manufacture of
cheeses, although there would be still much to say
ujiou the subject : but we think what we have
said is sufficient to be well understood.

To resume, we will remark that the fabrication
of cheeses, is composed in general, of three
principal processes.

The first consists in curdling the milk ; we
have sufficiently explained the means employed
to attain this object, and we can add nothing to
what we have said.

The second process is that of separating the
curd frotn the whey. This is very important,
because it influences considerably the duration
and quality of the cheeses. We have seen, that
cheeses intended to be eaten fresh are drained but
a little : but the short time the cheeses are kept
does not allow the whey to turn sour:' and its
presence even contributes to give them an agree-
able flavor, especially pleasant in summer.
Cheeses intended to be kept any time are drain-
ed with more care ; and there is no doubt, that
their duration would be longer if the press was
employed, as is sometimes done in Brie. Fi-
nally, when cheeses are to be kept a very long
time, it has been seen that it was necessary to
free the curd from all the whey, and the more
carefully this process is performed, the better it
keeps ; thus the pre.ss and the operation of cook-
ing are the two ])rincipal means which lead to
this end, and we have given sufficient examples
of them. But there is still a method we shall
point out. It is but a little used in France, al-
though it might be so with much advantage :
but it is employed in many provinces in Eng-
land. This is, washing the curd in warm water,
which is renewed until perfectly clear ; then the
cuid is well squeezed, to get out the water, and
placed under the press. Tiiis process presents many
advantages, especially for cheeses which are to
be kept a long time. First, the curd is perfi^ctly
freed from the whey ; then, whatever may be de-
fective in this respect, may be remedied, by the aid
of greater or less lieat in the water. Thus when
the curd has but little consistency, it is washed in
very hot and even boiling water ; when, on the
contrary, its consistency is such as is desirable,
the water should be only lukewarm. We shall

VOL,. XIII. KO. *1.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

325

lie contonted witli our description of tlie use of
hot water, if wo can persuade tlie manufacturers
of clieese to make experiments in that way.

Finally, tlie third process is the salting the
curd. Wo have pointed out the ditferent melh-
nds employed for this juirpose; we will renmiU,
that it appears to us that the use of brine
lis we liave mentioned for the Dutch cheese and
the i'.rie dieese would he preferable.

After these three principal processes, clieese
require yet other care to preserve them. We
<hall speak of this directly, and now mention the
ise that can be made of the whey, after it is ob-
tained from the cheeses.

UPON THE USE OF WHEY.

In most cheese dairies, the whey taken from
he first cheeses, is given to the cattle ; although
t is estimated by some economists, that the loss
s a tenth part of the cheese. It is very easy to
•xtractthe cheesy substance which remains in the
vhey which is drained from the curd, whether
looked or not, and in all stages of the process.

Two methods present themselves for obtaining
his cheesy substance : these are evaporation and
oagulation. The first would be too expensive,
vhile the second is prompt and easy.

We are going to point out the process employ-
id in the dairies of Gruycre, of Jura, of the Vos-
i and in those of Italy, where the Parmesan is
liade.

When the curdled milk is taken out and only
lie whey remains in the kettle, it is placed back
Iver the fire, and boiled ; a little fresh milk is
|dded to the whey, and afterwards a certain quan-
ity of sour whey ; and soon it forms in lumps
pd when sufficient of the acid whey has been
pured in, and no more cheesy substance remains,
le whole is turned into a kind of cloth bag
hich retains the lumps. The sour whey kept in
lb? in reserve, is replaced by part of that which
rst runs out, and the surplus given to the cattle.
I This second cheese, which is thus obtained, has
ss consistency than the first, but is more delicate,
is eaten with or without salt. It used by the
arsons employed in the momitains to make the
leeses. Some are also salted, which are con-
imed on the farm. It does not seem that any
tempt has been made to preserve them a long
me.

This cheesy substance is called serai-broeotle,
cording to the places where it is made. In
uvergne, before extracting this cheese, the cream
hich may remain floating in the whey, is taken
r. The following is the manner of doing this,
bout a twelfth part of new milk is mixed with
e whey, and is turned into a kind of tub made
ith staves and as large round as it is high. The
eam forms two or three times in 24 hours, upon
e whey, a layer which covers it. When the
hole of the cream lias risen, the whey is allow-
to run off through an opening in the bottom of
e tub, which is closed by a stopper ; afterwards
I the cream taken from the whey is put together
id butter is made from it. It is said that butter
ide from this cream is more delicate than that
tained the ordinary way. After the cream is
us extracted the serai which the whey may con-
in is taken out; but only by boiling, because the
eesy substance separates much more easily
iien the cream is taken off.

It is well known too, that whey is frequent-
used as medicine, and that pharmacists clarify
iby means of an acid and filtration ; there is

still another way of using whey, but which it is
true, can be profitable only for cow houses which
are situated near large cities, and wliere these
cheeses are made which are intended to be eaten
fresh.

ON THE PRESERVATION OF CHEESES.

The care which cheeses Require after they are
entirely made, is not less important than that
which is bestowed in Jieir manipulation.

It is well to observe, first that to prevent as
much as possible the decomposition of cheeses,
the paste should be worked at times and in places
where there are no flies : cleanliness, coolness, and
darkness should be maintained in the cellsrs and
places where they are kept. We have said that
the salt, which is added to cheeses, is to retard
their decomposition ; but this alone is not suf-
ficient.

Amongst the different kinds of cheeses, those
which are of a soft consistency are the most often
attacked by the mites of difl^erent flies, and espec-
ially by those of that which Rosier calls the
cheese leaping ivorm. This mite swarms in the
cheeses, where this fly has deposited its eggs, and
is olfensive to many persons : there are neverthe-
less, those who prefer the cheese when thej are
found, because the flavor becomes stronger in
consequence.

The eiron (hand-worm) of the cheese, although
very small causes much loss, it attacks in prefer-
ence those cheeses which are half dry. To rem-
edy these inconveniences, it is advisable to soak
the cheeses in vinegar, or to expose them for some
moments, to the smoke of burning sulphur.
They are then brushed, and all the crevices search-
ed to get out the insects, afterwards they are
soaked in oil and wrapped up then in a cloth dip-
ped in it. This method is especially eflicacious
with the ciron, it does not answer as well for the
skippers, because these penetrate into the inside of
the cheese.

Mites are the most destructive scourge of firm
cheeses. They hatch under the crust, multiply
to infinity and cause considerable loss. By being
careful to brush the cheeses often with a brush,
wipe them hard with a cloth, and wash the shelves
where they are placed with boiling water, one
may succeed in getting rid of them, and still after
having brushed the crust of the cheese it is as
well to rub it with a cloth soaked in a strong
brine : afterwards when it is quite dry, it nnist be
rubbed anew with a piece of woollen soaked in
oil ; this is the manner of acting with regard to
the Gruyere cheese.

If mites become too abundant in the cheese
room, the cheeses must be taken out, and the room
purified by means of a Guytonian fumigation ; *
afterwards the walls are whitened with lime wjiter.
The shelves should be carefully washed and scrap-
ed and the cheeses replaced after being thorough-
ly cleaned one by one.

Finally, charcoal which is well known to pos-
sess an anti-])utrid property, can be used for the
preservation of cheese, but it is true that this

method is only convenient for preserving a small
number of cheeses. It must be pounded and
the cheese covered with a thick layer of it. It is
even said that a spoilt cheese will lose its bad fla-
vor by treating it in this manner.

As it is sufficient for the preservation of cheeses,
to protect them from the air and the attacks of
flies and mites, they will keep in good condition
covered with oil. The goat's cheese in the island
of Cephalonia are preserved in olive oil, but tliis
method although good, is not applicable on a large
scale. After all the preceding remarks it will be
seen that the art of treating milk in all its forms
requires more precautions, care and especially
cleanliness than it offers difficulties. It is then
upon the activity and watchfulness of the mis-
tresses of the house that the resources it presents
depends, and to reduce to fixed principles the pre-
cepts it is necessary to observe implicitly, we will
establish for rules, the following.

For that which concerns milk and its preserva-
tion,— 1. The animals which produce it should
be as carefully attended to with respect to cleanli-
ness as to food : — 2. All the utensils employed in
holding and transporting it should be kept with
the greatest neatness : — 3. It should be deposited
in a place of temperature favorable to its pre-
servation.

In butter — 1. The cream of which it is made
should be taken from sweet mtlk, not in the least
acid, and mlich less curdled : — 2 It should not be
kept a long time before making the butter, and if
possible it should be churned every day: — 3. It
must be perfectly freed from milk by repeated
washing, especially when it is intended for any
supply : — 4. The greatest cleanliness should 'je
observed in the manipulations of which it is the
object.

And with regard to cheese : — 1. The rennet
employed should be without odor: — 2. Only fresh
milk should he used : — 3. When the cheeses are
intended to be kept, all the whey should be extract-
ed by the methods we have mentioned, and the
salting should be done with the prescribed pre-
cautions.

These are the most simple terms to which this
art may be reduced ; and by conforming to them
exactly, there is no doubt that the desired results
will be obtained.

* This fumigation is made in the following manner : —
muriate of soda, or pulverised kitchen salt, 3 parts :
black oxide of manganese (in powder, 1 part;

Water, 24

These throe are mixed together, and afterwards two

parts of sulphuric acid, 66 degrees, are poured little by

little into the mixture.

Big-Head in Horses. — A Cure. — Mr Editor
— In looking over your .Taiiuary number for the
present year, I saw an inquiry from a plain farmer
requiring some information relative to the big
head in horses. I will say to him that it is not
only a cure for big-head, but also big-jaw and
shoulders, I have known it to cure many valuable
horses. I have no doubt of the disease being
scrofula.

Treatment. — Bleed freely once a week : for
three or four weeks give the best corn. Put one
ounce of the Bi-chloride of Mercury, (better
known by the name of corrosive sublimate,) in
one pint of alcohol, let it digest, then rub the
part aft'ected twice a day, morning and evening,
until the part blisters well, then anoint the part
with sweet oil ; in a few days it will commence
healing, then repeat the application once or twice
more, and the horse is cured without the least
scar or in the least disfigured. — Turf Register.

One today is worth two tomorrows.
Lying rides upon debt's back.

S26

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL 33, 1839,

^^W lSSf<SJLiLSri> S^SiSSISISv.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, ArKlL22, 1835.

FARMER'S WORK. FOR APKII..

Irrigatiun. — Please to attend to tlie best methods
which can bu devised fur watering your land. On some
accounts it is more advantageous to lead water over
grass ground &,c,, in a wet than in a dry time. In a
wet lime, early in spring, you may obtain gratis the
wash of roads, filled to super-saturation with the depos-
ila of manure Biade in winter, and water, with a little
care, and almost no expense may be made to subserve
belter purposes as a carrier of manure than all the horses,
wagons, oxen, carts, &o., that the farmer could com-
mand if he were as rich as Rothschild. Every good
cultivator will take as good caie of the wash not only of
his barn yard but of llie highway as he does of his crops
or domestic animals. Happy is he who huS the com-
mand of a little brook on a high ])art of his farm, which
Iw can lead about almost as easily as he could a dog by
a siring, and cause it to dispense lerlility wherever it
n'cnds its winding way.

When water stands high in brooks and rivulets it may
be carried over higher parts of a farm than could be ef-
fected in a dry season, and spread where its deposits are
most needed. It should he made to run in channels
v\'hicli have no more descent than is necessary to prevent
itfroni becoming stagnant. If water intended for irriga-
tion moves slowly, it leaves its riches behind it ; if it
runs rapidly it carries away the fatnier's riches with it.
In till! first case it is an auxiliary or purveyor, in the sec-
ond a robber of the soil. '* The Code of Agriculture"
gives the following directions for dilfusing water over
fields in the process of irrigation.

" After water is brought from the original stream into
a new cut it is stopped at the ends, so liiat when the
trench is full the water is compelled to run out at the
tide and flood the l^nd below it. 15ut as water would
soon cease to run equally for any considerable length, and
would wash tLe land out in gutteis, it has been found
neces-ary to cut small parallel trenches at the distance
from iiO to 30 feel to catch the water again, and the same
plan of spreading and diilusing is continued till the
water reaches the main drain at the bottom of the mead-
ow." For further remarks on irrigation and the agency
of water in promoting vegetation, see Di Spoffotd's
Kssay, Complete rarmtr, p. 310.

Pkas. — Field peas should, generally, be sowed as early
iu the spring as the ground can be put in proper order.
The last week in April, <)r the first week in May will do
very well, but if tire soil is a light sandy loam, which is
recommended for that crop, ihiy may, iu forward sea
sons, be sowed still earlier to good advantage. But when
it is feared that the crop will be infested by bugs, it will
be safer to sow them as late as the lOih of June. Col.
WorlhingtuH, according to Memoirs of llie N. Y. Board
of Agriculture, *' sowed his peas on the lOtli of June
nix years in succession, and a bug has never been seen
in his peas. Whereas his neighbors, who have not
adopted ibis practice, have scarcely a pea without a bug
in it. He supposes the season for depositing the eggs of
the pea bgg is passed before the peas are in flower." Col.
Pickering, likewise was of opinion that the bug may be
avoided by late sowing, but the hot sun in July or
August will so pinch late sown peas tiiat the crop will be
Arnall unless llie land be moist as well asrich."

Dickson's Farmer's Companicm states that peas cannot
lie raised to perfection without lime or other calcareous
matter, either naliiially existing in the soil or supplied
by art. Changing the seed foj; peas is a matter of great

importance, as peas are apt lo degenerate. It is advised
to bring peius for seed from a more northern clime, as
those which ripen earliest are best. It is also a good
plan to set iipart a portion of the crop for seed, and
select for that purpose the earlies. pods as soon as ihcy
become ripe. The quantity of seed should be from two
and a half to three bushels lo the acre, when sowed
bioad cast. If sowed th^i they will lie on the ground ;
but if sowed thick, they hold each other up with their
tendrils.

BIR CHANDLKR ON CULTIVATING CORN.

Mv. Editor — In answer to Mr Hamlin's queries on
the culture of Indian corn, in your last paper, and
agreeably to his request, I will state that for fifteen
years before the last, 1 was located near the city of
Boston, say about twelve miles ; of course the cli-
mate is about the same as in or about the city. The
farm that I cultivated contained a variety of soils, as
most farms do in that vicinity. What I call a sandy
loam, on a substratum of gravel, I consider best for corn,
although most soils that will grow timothy and clover
will grow corn.

The period that land should lie in sward, depends
upon circumstances ; such as the crop of grass and feed
it produces, rotation of crops to be pursued, &c. Gen-
erally speaking, I should say from four to five years is
the proper time ; I plough as deep as the nature of the
soil will admit. 1 prefer deep ploughing, say from six
to eight inches, and furrowed light, so as not to disturb
the sod.

The depth and time of planting depends much on the
backwardness or forwardness of the season, state of the
ground &c. If I do not put manure into the hills, I either
maik the furrows with chains allacbed to a pole, or a
similar machine ; or furrow light with a horse plough,
three and a half feet apart, in that case I cover the corn
about one and a half inches deep with fine earth. It 1
put manure in the hill, I spread ihe manure with my foot
so as to have the corn come as near the earth as possible,
then cover all the manure and corn completely over;
say about two inches deep. I prefer planting about the
middle of May, if the season will admit.

As to the time of dressing, thai likewise depends upon
circumstances. If the field should be weedy or grassy,
as is often the case, I dress as soon as I can see the corn
in rows, say three inches high ; and never plough or hoe
after the tassels or flower spikes show themselves. As it
regards topping or cutting stalks, relative to the cfiect it
has upon llie crop of grain, and the comparative value
between the stalks, when cut green, or left on until har-
vesting, I think I shall ofler some remarks hereafter. I
will merely state in this, that the result of frequent ex-
periments, has completely satisfied me that it is decided-
ly best not to cut them.

As to earthing up, or raising the earth round the corn,
it is my opinion rather a damage than otherwise, as the
nature of the roots, and the direction ihey take, does not
require it. 1 merely draw up a small quantity, for tlie
purpose of covering the small weeds, that grow so near
the c<irn, thai you cannot cut or remove lliein with the
lioo. Coarse barn manure, I generally use for jilanting
potatoes, or making compost for corn or other crops.
Hog manure,! work into compost for putting in the hill
for corn and vines.

The " I'hinney corn" is the earliest and best variety
of field corn, that I am acquainted with. The pure
kind, may be had at Mr Barrett's Seedstore in Boston. In
regard to the liiud of turnip seed, I prefer the while flat,
yellow stone, and Aberdeen ; the two latter keep the
longest, the former produces the most. I generally sow-

after passing with the tultivalor, and bcfoie the la&t hoe-^
ing, which tufhcienlly cevers tie seed. The first rain
that falls will completely coverall that the hoe leaves.

If Mr Hamlin should procure ihe true "Phiiiney corn,'

he will be puzrled, when he comes to harvesling, lo find

many ears that contain less than twelve rows, if at all,

it will be on a stalk that contains a twelve rowed ear.

Thompson Island, Jpril 12, 1S35. M. Chanulek.

The SiLii CuLTBRisT. — A paper with this title ha»
just been published in Hartford. It is to be issued
monthly, and conducted by the Executive Commttlee of
the Hartford County Silk Society. It is intended soot)
to issue a monthly publication fiom the office of the New
England Farmer, to be conducted by the Editor of thai
paper, and in part devoted to the culture of the Mulberry
and the Manufacture of Silk. More of this anon.

Silk. — Tiie last war with Great lirilian taught the-
Americans one most excellent lesson, viz : to rely upon
their own resources for support : and the results of thi»
one lesson have been far more useful to us than would
have been ten thousand of the most biillianl victories ovet
the mother country. Il has resulted in the erection of
manufacturing establishments in almost every nook and
corner of the Middle and Northern States^affordinf
sure markets for the produce of the flocks and fields of
the Northern Farmer, and increasing the demand for the
staple of the Southern planter. The meclianical genius,,
the industry, and the resources of the country have been
drawn out and put in successful competition with those
of the old world — and now, at a period of about 20 years
since sctdnff j/p /or ourst'/re« and manufacturing on our
03r?i AooA, we find ouiselves amply able to supply otir
own dem.and for the most important articles necessary to
our comfort, and even to carry the war of commerce
and manufactures into the country of the enemy. In
cottons and broadcloths we have succeeded admirably ;.
what genius and perseverance have done for us in thego
departments of manufacture, they will do for us in other
de|iartmcnts. Why not try silk, then.' Have we for-
gotten the great lesson which the last War taught us i*
iVIust we wait for a rupture with France, and a conse-
quent failure in the supply ofsilks to teach us the lesson
again =

Silk has become a common if not a necessary article
of consumption. The wealthy and lliepoor use it more
or less ; in robes, veils, handkerchiefs, and ribbons, and
thread, it is used perhaps by every man, woman and
child, in the country ; not a huiton-hole can be well made
without it. We are paying France more than six mil-
lions of money a year for this very article ; and yet it can
be as n-ell cultivated and manufactured in the United,
Slates as in France. The valleys and the hills even of
the Green Mountain slate can be made to produce silk —
and they should be made to do it. Some enterprising:
Vermonters have commenced cultivating the mulberry,
upon the leaves of which the silU tcorms are fed, and
we doviht not that with a lit'le care and labor they will
soon find this a source of pleasure and of profit. Let
those indivirluals persevere — let them impart to their
neighbors and to their brother farmers, through the news-
papers, the result of their experiments. Bysodoingwe
doubt not they will satisfy the most incredulous of the
practicability of raising silk inJVcw England, and thus
introduce the cultivation of it as a regular and profitabia
branch of agriculture. — Vermont Watchman.

The GOlh anniversary of the battle of Lexington was |
celebrated on the 20th, by the removal of the re-
mains of those who were killed in the battle to the new
monument erected on the spot where they fell. Address
by Hon. E. Everett. ^

VOL,. XIII. NO. 41.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

327

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

t?ORRECTK» WITH GREAT CAHE, WEEKLY.

3Ji: ANs, while, ,
■Uekk, nit'ss, (new)
Cari;o, No. 1,
prime,
ISkfswax, (Ainpric «) ,
llUTTK.R insperuvl, ^o. 7, ,
'CufcKSK, ni-w milk, .

skiiijinoii nnik,
Ffatheus, norllu^rn, peese,
soirtherw, gees*?,
Flax, American,
Flaxskko, . i

Flour, Genesee, . . cash
Haliimore, Howard street,
Brilliinore, whaff,
Alextiiidria,
Grain, Gor/i, northern yeHow ,
soiiihern yellow
^viiile,
Rye, norlhern,
Barley,

Oau, nor hern, . (prinse)
HAY.liest Enelish, .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey, . . , , ,

[lops, 1st quality

2d qualfly . . . ,
LiRi), Bostoti. Ist 9ort, .
soutliern, isl sort,
jEATEiER, slaughter, aole,
do. upper,
dry hide, -icle, _ ,

do. upper,',
Philadelphia, .sole, >
Caltinwre, sole, .
jIME, I>est sort,

*ORK, Mass. inspert. extia clear, .
Navy, mess, .
hone, niiddlinr^s,
>£EDS, Herd's G-rass,
Red Top.
Red Clover, norlliern,

^\^ hite Outch Honeysuckle,
.ALLOW, tried, ....
V'OOL, prime, or Saxmiy Fleeces,

AmerictfH, (till li|<rod, washed,
do. 3-4ths do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed
c- ( Pulled superfine,
a;-3 Jst Lambs, .
■S:S\-2d <lo. . .

o g_ j 3d tio,

i 1st Spiniiina;, .
oulhern pulled wool is generally 5 els
less per lb.

FROM

barrel

3 00

husliel

2 61)

beuTcI

11 00

"

9fiO

*'

7W

pound

20

"

14.

"

8

"

3A

'<

40

•'

35

"

•10

b'jshe)

1 25

biHrel

3 62

•<

5 50

**

550

"

5 23

ljus"fiel

gallon
.pound

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

rwt.
Jinund

83

77

72

85

C3

4S

18 00

1230

H. CO

37

11

9i

S

19

12

16

18

27

25

1 00

20 00

16 00

77

S-i

25

7 50
70
55
SO
42
3G
38
55
45
30
25
35

3 5;i

2 6-^
1 1 50
10 (K)
7 25
23
Hi

y

t)
4J
■6'J
11
I 3U
5 75
5 62
5C2
5 50
85
80
73

;io

65

50

19 50

13 00

15 00

42

15

10
9
20
14
18
20

27

105

21 00

17 00

8 60

2 50

1 00

9

30

800

80

60

55

48

42

GO

60

SO

33

30

W

PROVISION MARKET.

RETAIL PRICES.

AMS, northern, . , pound 10 12

southern, . , '• 71 g

oRK, whole hogs, . . "67

DDLTRV, . . . " 10 14

OTTER, (tub) . . . " 18 20

lump . , "

GGS, . . . tlozen 14 16

DTATOES, . . bushel 45 50

DER, . . . barrel 2 75 3 00

iRIGHTON MARKET.-ftroNDAY, April 20, IBii.

[Itcported for the Daily .AdvertiHer & Patriot.J

At market 240 Beef Cattle, 12 pairs Working Oxen,

! Cows and Calves, 32.5 Sheep, and 4G5 Swine. 40

sef Cattle remain unsold.

Prices. Beef Cattle — Nearly all the Beef Cattle were

irc.hased by the speculators before lliey arrived at inar-

!t ; most of them withont weighing, but at a small ad-

nce on former prites, some nf which were e.\traordi-

iry fine. We shall omit giving prices until the market

all have become rooie settled.

Cows and Calves— iia\es were noticed *22, 24, 26 50

d$33. * ' '

Sheep — Sales not noticed.

Swine— \n demand ; one lot to peddle was taken at 59

r sows and 6| for barrows; one at 6.^ for sows and o|

• barrows ; at retail G fur sows and 7 for barrows.

FLOWER SEEDS.

extensive collection ol sf^lcnflid Annual," iSieniiial nii'i
conipf !siii«r some new an<l choice
iipril22.

An
rerennial F'owcr Sertl
varieties, for sale by GEO. C. liAllRETT

ST HELENA POTATOES.

200 bu'shc's of this very superior I^otnto for s^Ic nt ilriinmci
i^' Iriciics' store on the T wharf, at CO cents per bushel bv MIO-
SES HKALEY. april 23

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

FiNl!. large, three vars old Uoots of the Uiilrh Aspnragus,
forsnieby GKO. C BMIRRTI'. n;,ril 15.

GRAPE VINES &. PLUM TI4EES.

Is\BFt,l,A and Catawba nf extra size and lied and White
Chasselas Grapes, an<l of the foreign varieties.

Also — Plum tiees of vignrnns growth and of the most ap-
proved kinds, for sale by SAMUKL POND. Cambridgeport.

Orders may be led at the N. E Farmer Oflice. march 18.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE.

A grist mill, with geering complete, built in. the best manner,
and has been running hut a very short time — stones 5 feet 6
inches diameter — runner 19 inches thick — removed for the
accommodation of other tnachinerv.

One rtinner, .5 fed diameter, 17 inches thick.

'I'wo driving wheels, partly worn, with pinions and spindles.

A pair of mill stones, superior grit, 4 feet 8 inches diameter,
runner IS inches thick, with the requisite iron work.

The above will be sold low, if immediate application is made
at the counting room of the Daily .Advertiser »Sc Patriot.

march 1 1.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. nucKMiNSTFR's Nursery, Framingham : — Apple
trees. Cherry trees, Pear trees Peach trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, at cus-
tomary prices. '* march 4.

AGENCY IN CONCORD, N. H.

William Kknt has accepteil the agency of the New Eng-
land Seed Establishment, and has received a full assortment of
G.4Ri»iiN ami Flower Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
tions for cul'ivating, &c. on each paper. These Seeds are
warranted, being raised in gardens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. March 24, 18,"!5.

WANTS A SITUATION.

An expeiienced Gardener, well acquainted with all the
branches of gardening, wants a situation — good reference can
be made. Address R. E. at this office. April 8.

SILVER FIRS, &.C.

'William Mann of Bangor, Me. will execute at short no-
tice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, ^x. well packed and
in good order. .April 8.

GROUND PLASTER,

From the Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs.
each, constantly on hand and for sale by GEO. CLARK S^

april 8.

CO. No. 9, T Wharf.

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Briishhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing 16 acres of cxcellenl land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre containing valuable fruits
tfcc. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, with a good orrharri of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulars inquire of Messrs LOT
WHEELRIGHT S,- SON, 46 Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAII WILSON ou the
premises.

NeTPburyport Agricnltnral Warehouse antl
SEEU STORE.

The subscriber. Agent for the New England Seed .Store,
has received a full assortment ol' Garden and FLmcfr Seedf:,
raised an<l put up exore-sly for the New England Seed Es-
tablishment, in [lapers with their labels on ilietn with directions
for cultivating, l^'C. warranted of the growth of 1831.

Also received from the .Agricultural Warehouse. Boston,
and i\Iariufactiircrs. a general assortment of Ploughs, Cultiva-
tors, Hav Cutlers, Hay Knives, Hoes, Garden Hoes, Manure
Forks, Shovels. Spades, Churns, <^-c. The above establish-
ment was opened by the subscriber last Spring, and arrange-
ments made to be constantly supplied with all kinds of Gar-
den and Farming '1 ools, including those of the Dairy, which
he offers at manufacluicrs' prices. WM. HILL,

No. 3, Smith Row, Market Square.

Newburyport, .April I. 3l*

Wm. PRINCE <fc SONS,

Near New York, will forward their new Catalogues, u'l'fA
venj reduced prices, to every applicant. No. I , — Fruit and
Ornainenlnl Trees and Flowering Plains. iNo. 2. — Double
Dahlias and Pulbous Flowers. No. 3, — Garden, Agricultural
and Flower Seeds, compiising the most extensive assoriment
of every class. Of the Dahlia above 500 varieties, including
all the -triped and variegated kinds, and assortments of one
do7en iiauK'd varieties, selected by us. will be supplied at 3,
1 1-2 and .ijlj, according to rarity, &.■. Tree Roses graf\e<l
3 to 4 leet high, of 50 varieties, and a few dozen of Harrison's
new double Yellow Rose, winch (lowers profusely. lO.OOO
cuttings of the Chinese Mulberry, prepared lor planting, at S8
per UW or gfJO per HKIO, to purchasers of which the secret will
be imparted, calculated to cause nearly all to grow.

Also, 35 bushels Italian Loleh seed, a superior grass, re-
cently introduced— 20 bushels SpringTares — 1,800 lbs While
Dutch Clover seed— 2,000lbs Provence Lucerne — oOd lbs Tri-
folium incarnatum, or early Crimson Clover, aflbrdiiig the ear-
liest pasturage.

To Nurseries, and others making large purchases, a ve-^
libera! discount will be made,anfl a convenient credit allowed.

Orders must be .sent direct per n.ail, and will receive prompt
attention 3t* april 15.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be soM, a number of fine animals, from Ife breed of
Denton, .'\dmiral, Wye Comet, &c. Apply to .A. Green-
WOOD, on the Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's Meeting-
House, in Dorchester. feb. 23.

FOR SALE, or To Let for tlie Season.

The celebrated ScAt lions, Highlander and Dey of Algiers.
.Also — six ihorongh bred Durham improved Short Homed
Hulls. Also — a number of Heifers and Cows of the same
bree.l. for sale. Inquire of RALPH WATSON, East Wind-
sor, Conn. Aprils.

KALBIIAS, AZALEAS, &c.

The subscriber will furnish Kalmla lalifollas and Azalea
nudlfloras in bundles of 23 each, packer! in moss, at the rate
of 512,50 per hnnilred, delivered at Geo. C. Barrett's
Seed Store, who is agent, at short notice Also, a greal vari-
elv of indigenoits and exotic shrubs, and herbaceous plants

'Lancaster Garden, March 27. JOS. BRECK.

FOR SALE OR TO LET,

A valuable Farm situated in MedforrI, about five miles from
this city, w*^ll calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
or would be lei on shares, provided a temperate man should
wan" the same.

For further particulars apply at this office. m 11.

4000 APPLE TREES

For sale by the subscriber, al Fresh Pond, in Cambridge,
consisting of Baldwins, Russetts. Porters, Rivers, Siberian
Crabs, and Blue Pearmalns. 1'he trees ore four years from
the bud and are probably the best in Massachusetts.

JONAS WYETH.

Cambridge, April 8.

FINE DAHLIAS.

A splendid collection of Double Dahlias for sale at the
New Engband Seed Store, by GEO. C. BARRETT, a IS.

COMPLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOillST.

George C. Barrett and Russell, Odiornk 1^ Co.
have in press a new edition of the Complete Farmer and Rural
Economist, by Thomas G. FessenDek, Editor of the
New England Farmer, rei'ised and intprored with considerable
additions. The firsl edilion was published lasl season, and
was sold w"ithin a few months 01 Ihe publication. Tht-s rapid
sale, and the sentiments universally expressed by those who
have read the work, show that the public place a high value
uponit. The new edilion will be ready for delivery about the
first of May.

NEW AMERICAN ORCHAllDIST.

George C. Barrett and Russell, Odiornk ^ Co.
Boston, have now in press, and will publish in a few weeks, the
second edition, greatly enlarged and improved, of the NEW
AMERICAN ORCli ARDIST. or an account of the most val-
uable fruits of all climates, adapted to cultival on in the United
States, with their history, uses, modes of culture, management,
tVc. Also, usefiil vegetables, ornamental forest trees, shrubs,
and flowers, silk, bees, (.Vc. By Williaih Kenrick.

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prime Isabella ami Catawba Grape Vines
for sale by Jonathan Bovce, Market Street, Lynn,
march 25. 4l

FRESH "W^HITE MULBERRY SEED.

Just received at the New England Seed Store, 51 if 52
North Market street,

.A quantity of fresh and genuine White Mulberry-seod, from
one of the greatest fllulberry Orchards in Connecticut, warrant-
ed new and good, directions accompanying each package.

Dec. 31, 1831. GEO. C. BARRETT.

828

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIIj as, 1S33.

RETURN OP SPRIIVG.

Tlie sornbre \'eil ofcloud is gone,

Tlie grateful sunlight beams,
The distant hills reflect tlie light,

The swollen river gleams.

Now the glad birds ii> vocal joy,
Breathe forth the chant of prjise !

Now the sweet flowers in rich perfume,
Their welcome incense raise 1

The voice of life is all around,

Breathing of hope and love ;
Be silent every murmuring word,

And lift each thought above.

"Seed time and harvest will not fail," —

Our God will still bestow;
Then let our anxious fear be still,

And gratitude o'erflow.

A NEW ENGLAND L.OG HOUSE.

You can hardly fiiul a (hvelling in New Eng-
land, be it a framed house ora log cabin, in wliich
gome periodical print is not taken. The newspa-
pers of the day are scattered far beyond the
route of the mails, and the region of passable
roads. The lonely settler will weekly emerge
froin his distant home in the woods, to get his
newspaper. The writer of this chapter once
passed a night in a log house, many miles beyond
the region traversed by passable roads. It was in
the midst of the romantic, the silent, the imbroken
wilderness. Far as the eye could reach, from
this humble dwelling nothing could be seen but
the wildness of unsubdued nature. Water- fowl
of various kinds were sporting upon the wide
sheet of water, that glittered like a mirror embos-
omed in the forest. Lofty mountains encircled
the horizon, their sides covered with a thick
growth of trees, and their rocky battlements tower-
ing to the skies. One would think that in an abode
so lonely, apparently so entirely secluded from
intercourse with man, there must be found the ig-
norance of an almost semi-barbarous state. But
there we found the Bible and the family altar, and
heard the voice of morning and evening prayer.
There wc found the regular liles of the newspa-
per, and in conversation 'witii the tenant of that
lowly abode, we found him well acquainted with
the various subjects which were then agitating
the political and the religious world. The mis-
sionary operations of the day, the hostile manifes-
tations of Europe, the pidilic men and important
measures of his own coimfry, were subjects with
which liis mind was familiar, and upon which he
had formed o])inions.

1 had with me one of the novels of Sir Walter
Scott. As I tljrew myself upon the bed at night,
the book was lcftU|ioii the coarse pine tabic bcfiire
the fire. The light of the blazing pitch pine knot,
stuck into the crevice of the chimney, threw its
bright flashes over the room, while the black
smoke it cmitteil rolliwl in circling wreaths up the
chimney. Lamps and candles were unthought of
in this humble dwelling. The farmer took up the
book, and soon became so interested in its pages,
that the feeling of drowsiness and the thought of
sleep were driven from him. I awoke about
midnight, and there he was bending before the
pitch pine knot, enchained by the creations of Sir

Walter's genius. Again I awoke before morning,
and there he still was, apparently insensible to the
lapse of hours, poring over the fascinating vol-
ume. In fact, the morning dawned before he
laid aside the book, to go, unrefreshed by sleep,
to engage in the toils of the day. — A'cif England
and her Institutions.

THE FARMER OF NEW ENGLAND.

It is doubfid whether there is in any part of
the world a class of men more comfortable and
contented than the farmers of New England.
They are an intelligent, virtuous, and most influen-
tial part of the cominunity. Many of them are
the pride of the country, and the ornaments of that
religion which has made New England what it is.
Go to their dwellings, and you will hear the
morning and the evening prayer. Go to the
church, and you will see them with their families,
respected and devout worshippers. Present to
them the claims of suffering humanity, and you
will find that neither the plains of Asia, nor the
isles of the Pacific, are too remote for the reach of
their sympathies and their beneficence. Already
have the arms of their benevolence embraced the
world. Many of the benighted sons of India have
been blessed by Iheir influence. Many a fierce
wanderer on the heights of Hawaii has been led
by their prayers and their eflforts to embrace that
religion which takes from death its sting, and from
the grave its victory. Take the farmers of New
England as a body, and they are a set of noble men.
They are nature's noblemen. There are individ-
uals among them who are ignorant and irreligious
and degradod with hearts which can neither be
moved with gratitude to God, nor with sympathy
for human woes. They will rally under any ban-
ner which waves in defiance of a religion which
claims a pure heart and a holy life. They are the
foes of temperance and all its kindred virtues.
But through the kindness of God they are few in
numbers, and powerless in influence. The farm-
houses of New England are generally the abodes
of intelligence and happiness. It is in these
abodes of honest independence and enlightened
piety, that most of the missionaries who have gone
from this country to heathen lands have found
their birth.' May the farmers of New England
rise higher and still higher in the scale of moral
and intellectual excellence, and show to the world
that intelligence and virtue and independence may
be united with a life of honest toil. — III.

Nothing annoys an enemy more than kindness.
It is an arrow that generally hits the mark. It
is the most severe, yet the most noble mode of
treatment.

Beware of little expenses; — a small leak will
sink a great ship.

Rather go to bed supperless than rise in debt.

Ifyoudonot hear reason, she will surely rap
your kimckles. — Dr Fratiklin.

NANKIN &. CANTON STRAW CARPETING.

Eliah^tone Brewer, No. 414 Washington street, has
constanily on liand a large assortment of Straw Carpeting, of
various qualities and widths, among- which are —
2600 yards superline Nankin. t>-4
iinOO do. do. do. 5-4

3500 do. Canton do. G-4
4000 do. do. do. 5-4

1 case German Table Mats, a new and superfine
article. April 1.

TO NURSERYMEN.

Th:^ subscriber wisiies to rclinqui>l) the charge of his exten-
sive Nurseries lo a tenant, or shaje il widi a competent associ-
ate. A green house is contemplated as an appendage to the
establishment. O. FISKE.

Worcester, March IG, 1835.

The stock of Cows, Team, and Implements of Agriculture,
may be taken with tlie Fa m at a fair valuation. Feb. 25.

TO LET,

On a lease of five or more }'cars, as may be agreed upon, a
Farm, containing one hundretl acres of Land, suitable ftir a
Dairy, with dwelling liouse, barn, and all otiier buildings requi-
site, a good orchard, anil well watered, 'j'he siluatiun is two
miles from the city of New Haven, in tiie I'arish o1 Hampden.
For lurther particulars addre s (post paid) to No. 265, box
post office. New Haven. Feb. 25.

TO LET,

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land, situated one
mile from the city of New Haven — very desirable as a Dairy,
a great part being pasture, and produces good hay. There is
a cottage, ;■ nd every requisite building, all newly erected, and
may be had for such term of years as may be agreed upon, at
a moderate rent. Address No. 265, Post OtEce, ivew Haven,
(post paid.)

FllUIT TREES,
^ ORNAMENTAL TREES, PLANTS, &c.

NURSERV of WILLIAM KENKICK, in ,

Newton, JM.ass. 5^ miles from Boston by the

^'l'>'sl('l■n Avenue, tnid .J a mile from tlie ^Von•ester Rail Road,

The Fruit Tff.es include the finest kinds of New Flemish
Pears, — also. Apples, Cherries. Peaches, Plums, Nectarines,
Apricots, Almonds, Quinces, Grape Vines, Currants, liasp-
berries, Gooseberries, and Mulberries, including the Ci inese
Mulberry, or MoR us Mi; LTicAU LIS, Strawberries, Figs, &:c. —
selections from the best varieties known. The Ornamental
Trees and PlaiUs alone, comprise one thousand varieties, the
most beautiful known ; these include Horse Chesnuts, Weep-
ing Willows, Calalpas, iVIounlaiu Ash, Ailanthus or Tree oi
Heaven, Scotch Larch, Silver Firs, Venetiaa.'^umach, Altheas
Snou balls. Lilacs, Honeysuckles, &c. — Superb China and
Hardy Roses, Herbaceous Flowering Plants, Faeonies, anc
splendid Double Dahlias.

Address to Wi\i. Kenrick, Newton, Mass. Trees anc
Plants, when ortlered, are selected anrl labelled with due pre-
caution and care, and securely packed and duly forwarder
Iron, 13- ston by land or sea. 'I'ransporlation to Boston gratis.

All orders left with Geo. C- Barrett, at his Seed Store
Nos 51 Sf 52, North .^larket street, Boston, who is Agent, wil
be in like manner duly attended to — Catalogues gratis, oi
application.

10.000 Peach Trees — Gentlemen who may be desirous o
forming extensive orchartis of the Peach tree in the vicinity oi
our rail roads, lor the supply of the Uoslon market, are now
offered a capital collection.

EARLY FIELD CORN.

Just received, a quantity of the Karly (ield Corn, describee
by Samuel S. Lathrop in the 24lh number of the present vol
ume of the New England Farmer. G. C. BARRETT.

Feb 25.

MULBERRY AND SILK.

COBB'S Treatise on the Cultivation of the Mulberry, an<
upon Silk, being an improvetl edition. For sale at the offict
of theN. E. Farmer. Price 50 cents

Jan. 21.

GEO. C. BARRETT. ,

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at S3 per annum
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay withii
sixtv days from the time oi subscribing, are entitled to a de:
duction of lilly cents.

Qj' No paper will be sent lo a distance without paymei
being made in advance.

AGENTS. ,

Xew York — G (~^. Thokburn, 67 Liberty-street. '

Albany — Wm . 'Ihorburn, 347 Market-street.
Philadelphia— V>. ff V. Landbetii, 85 Chesnut-street.
Baltimore — I. 1. Hitchcock, Publisher of .American Farme.
Cincijmati — S. C. Pakkhurst, 23 Lower Market-street.
FlusJiiag, N Y.—Wm. Prince iV Sons, Prop. Liu. Bot. Ga
Mixlcllebltrii, TV. — Wight Chapman, Blerchant.
Hartford — GooiiwiN Sf Co. Booksellers.
Aewhjiniport — EnENEZER Stedman, Bookseller.
Portsmmilli, N. //.— Joh.n VV. Foster, Bookseller.
n'oodstorlc, Vt. — J. A. Pratt.
Bangor, Me. — Wm. Mann, Druggist.

Halifax, N. S.—V. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder. ,
fc^(. Louis — Geo. Hoi. ton.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND WEEKS,

No. 8, Scliool Street.

ORDERS FOR PRINTI.NG RKCEITED FT THE PBBLISIIE

0

01

MEW ENGLAND FAHMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 29, 1835.

NO. 43.

POTATOES.

The following communication is in answer to many
md importunate inquiries addressed to its author from
ill parts of the Union, and we are among the first wJio
lave been instrumental in giving it publicity. We have
carcely yet had time to peruse it with the attention it
leserves, and shall therefore submit it without com-
nent ; merely premising that some of JMr B.'s theories
vith regard to mixing the sorts of potatoes in the field,
,nd bringing seed potatoes from the north do not coincide
vith those of our best cultivators.

[From the Vergennes Gazette.]

Mr Blaisdell — In your paper of the 21st
)ecember last, I published the result of some ex
)erimenis made during the season, in growing
'oTAToES. The quantity produced was such as

0 cause considerable excitement with agriciil-
urists, and I have been called on by public Jour-
als and private letters from Maine to Georgia anc
rom Quebec to Maiden, for information respecting
ny manner of cultivating them. The respecta
'ility of the sotirces from which these inquiriti
manate, and the very polite and flattering terms
t which they are expressed, forbid the idea of
isfusal. I therefore embrace the first opportunit;
ly health admits of attempting to gratify their
ashes, to the extent of my limited powers.

From the remarks of some of my corre""?'
ents I am inclined to believe they misconstrued
le statement made in the publication above allu-
ed to. By reference to the statement it will be
mnd that I did not say, or expect to be urder,
ood by field culture, that 1,800 bushels of po-
itoes would be raised upon an acre. I ther said
3 I now say and believe, that 1000 bushels can
e grown upon a single acre at less than hdf the
tpense and labor they are produced from four

1 the common manner of culture.

PREPARATION FOR PLANTING.

Whatever soil may be selected for this pu-pose
> insure a large crop, it should be highly manured
ith compost, decomposed vegetables or barn-
ird manure, the latter I consider preferable when

can be obtained with convenience ; if nw or
aarse be made use of, it should be spread imme-
lately before the first ploughing, on the same
ly, to prevent the evaporation of its best quali-
es, which will rapidly depart if left exposfd to
le sun and atmosphere.

The first should be deep ploughing, and raiy be
jne as early as suits the convenience of thi cul-
rator. If a stiff marl or clay soil, it wotld be
ell to have it ploughed late in the fall prei-ious

planting. Where compost or other substmces
)t liable to fermentation are intended as d ma-
ire, it is better the spreading should be onitted
Jtil just before the last ploughing, after whch it
lould be thoroughly harrowed fine and snooth
I possible, then take a narrow light cultivator, or
nail plough, calculated for turning a deep nar-

w furrow, with this instrument lay your land

drills, twenty inches asunder and four iiches

depth, running north and south if practicible.

to admit the rays of the sun to strike the plant
equally on both sides ; put into the bottom of the
furrows or drills about two inches of well rotted
barnyard manure or its equivalent, then drop your
potatoes, if of the common size, or what is more
important, that they contain about the usual quan-
tity of eyes ; if more, they should be cut to pre-
vent too many stalks shooting up together. Put a
j single potato in the drills or trenches 10 inches
apart ; the first should remain uncovered until the
second one is deposited. Place them diagonally
in the drills, which will afford more space be-
tween the potatoes one way, than if laid at right
angles, in the rows. The covering may be per-
formed with a hoe, first hauling in the furrow
raised on each side the drill, then carefully take
from the centre of the space the soil to finish the
covering to the depth of 3i or 4 inches. By taking
the earth from the centre of the space on either
side, to the width of 3 inches, it will leave a drain
of 6 inches in the centre of the space, and a hill
of 14 inches in width, gently descending from the
drill to the drain ; the width and depth of the
drill will be sufiicient to protect the plant against
any injurious effects of a scorching sun or drench-
ing rain. The drains in the centre will at all
times be found sufiicient to admit the surplus
water to pass off. I am not at all tenacious about
the instruinout fo be made use of for o])eniiig the
trenches to receive the manure and potatoes ; this
work should be well done, and may be performed
with a common hoe, with much uniformity and
accuracy, by stretching a line to direct the opera-
tion : it is true that the labor cannot be perform-
ed with the same facility as with a horse, but it
can be better done, and I think at less expense,
taking into consideration the labor of the man to
hold, the boy to ride and the horse to draw the
machine.

DRESSING, HOEING ETC.,

When the plant makes its appearance above the
surface, the following mixture may be used : For
each acre, take one bushel of plaster and two
bushels good ashes and sow it broad cast as even
as possible. A moist day is preferable for this op-
eration, for want of it a still evening will do.

I consider this mixture decidedly more benefi-
cial and much safer than plaster or ashes alone.
The alkali and nitre contained in the ashes lose
none of their fertilizing qualities in a moist season,
and the invaluable properties of the plaster are
fully developed in a dry one, by decomposing the
atmosphere and retaining to a much later period
in the morning the moisture of the evening dews.
There are but few plants in our country that re-
ceive so great a share of their nourishment from
the atmosphere as the potato. The time for
dressing or hoeing will be found difiicult to de-
scribe and must be left to the judgment of the
cultivator; it should however, in all climates be
done as early as the first buds for blossoms make
their appearance.

The operation of hilling should be performed
once and once only during the season, if repeated

after the j'otalo is formed it will cause young
shoots to spring up, which retards the growth of
the potato and diminishes its size. If weeds
spring up at any time, they should be kept down
by the hand or hoe, which can be done without
disturbing tin; growing stalk.

My mKuner of hoeing or hilling is not to haul
in the eailli from the spaces between the hills or
rows, but to bring on fresh earth sufiicient to raise
the hill around the plant 1^ or 2 inches. In a wet
season, the lesser quantity will be sufiicient ; in a
dry one the larger will not be found too much.
The substance for this purpose may consist of the
scrapings of ditches or filthy streets, the earth
from a barnyard that requires levelling, where
convenient it may be taken from swamps, marshes,
the beds and banks of rivers or small slug-
gish streams at low water. If planted on a clay
soil, fresh loam taken at any depth from the sur-
face, even if it partakes largely of fine sand, will
be found an excellent top dressing. If planted on
a loamy soil, the earth taken from clay-pits, clay
or slaty soil will answer a valuable purpose ; in
fact, there are but i'ev/ farms in the country but
what may be furnished with some suitable sub-
stance for top dressing if sought for. The hoeing
and hilling may be performed with facility by the
aid of a horse and cart, the horse travelling in the
ecu 11. ■•'*■'" 1 rr^'ice between tlie drills, the cart
wheels occupying the two adjoining ones, thereby
avoiding any disturbance or injury to the growing
plants. The time for collecting the top dressing
may be regulated by the farmer's own convenience;
the earlier the better. Deposited in large piles in
or near the potato field, is the most suitable place
for distribution.

I have fi-equently tried Bed-planting, (or plant-
ing in beds) with uniform success. On moist
lands in a stiff or heavy soil, I consider it prefer-
able to any other mode; to do it properly lay
your land in beds of from 10 to 20 feet in width,
raised in the centre with a plough by back furrow-
ing, after the last harrowing which should be thor-
oughly done is ])erformed and left crowning with
a gradual dcsent from the centre to the alleys; the
proper width and heighth of the beds must de-
pend on the situation of the land and may be reg-
ulated by the judgment of the cultivator. In
clearing the alleys, which need not exceed 16 or
18 inches in width, the laborer should stretch two
lines the proper distance on each side the alley
and throw upon the beds with a shovel the earth
necessary to be removed.

The use of lines may be by some considered a
useless expenditures of labor, — not so, — the reg-
ularity and neatness of appearance will be an
abundant remuneration for the trifling time occu-
pied in stretching the lines.

After the land is jjiepared for planting, strike it
out in drills or trenches as before directed ; 12 in-
ches asunder, in these drills, drop the potatoes 12
inches a part (diagonally,) to be covered, hoed,
dressed and managed in the same manner as in
field culture, with the exception of making an un-

330

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AFRII' ao, 1835.

drain in the spaces between the drills, which is
unnecessary and should be avoided. In filling
the trenches, dressing, &c. the horse-cart must be
dispensed with and a hand-cart or wheelbarrow
substituted.

In recommending the drills north and south in
field planting, I did not wish to be understood
that other more valuable considerations should be
abandoned for this practice, it is desirable it
should be so where the level or moderate descent
of the land will admit of it, but if too steep and
liable to wash, care should be taken to avoid this
evil by running the drills in such direction as may
be required to maintain a jiroper descent, even if it
should be necessary to run them in curved lines,
or wind around a steep hill to preserve the requir-
ed descent to admit the surplus water to pass off.
In communicating my experiments to some of
my neighboring farmers who are always in a hur-
ry and run over with the plough two acres of
land in half the time required to do justice to
one ; their reply generally is, that my tedious
mode of cidtivation has too much piddling and
small labor for their patience, and persist in their
accustomed manner of half ploughing, half plant-
ing and half hoeing five acres of good land and
not obtain more potatoes than one, properly cul-
tivated, would produce, thereby losing half their
labor and seed, besides the use of four acres of
their best land, which might be converted to other
valuable purposes.

I should think that intelligent farmers by a lit-
tle reflection would perceive the folly of pursuing
the usual wasteful practice of planting potatoes in
rows and hills four feet asunder, leaving four fifths
of their land unimproved and subject to a rai)id
waste of its most fertilizing qualities by being na-
kedly exposed to the washing of drenching rains
and the evaporation of the atmosphere ; and after
all their labor, may consider themselves fortu-
nate if they obtain 200 bushels to the acre, which
exceeds the average yield in this section of coun-
try. By pursuing the course I have recommend-
ed, in ordinary seasons on a good soil you may
rationally calculate on a crop of from 800 to 1200
bushels to the acre.

To such farmers as complain of my tedious and
piddling mode of culture, I have only to remark,
if they will piddle their land in the same manner,
even if they waste half their crop, they will find
themselves richly rewarded for their wiiole labor,
in the benefits they derive by this preparation in
succeeding crops. I would also add' that I be-
lieve it is generally acknowledged, that rotation
in most kinds of crops is desirable, but none more
necessary than potatoes, even a second crop on
the same ground well i)repared will be found to
degenerate in quality and quantity.

LOCATION.

The district of country in North America best
adapted for their growth, taking into consideration
quantity and quality, is situated between the 2d
and 10th degrees of east longitude (from Wash-
ington) and between the 42d and 50th degrees of
north latitude ; they are grown to a very consid-
erable extent nnich farther north, south, and west,
but in diminished quantities and inferior qualities.

A rich marl or clay is perhaps the most pro-
ductive ; a strong moist loamy soil, (the newer or
less it has been cultivated the better) is the most
convenient and least expensive soil to grow them

on. Most soils common to our country will pro-
duce them in great abundance and perfection, the
more rapid the growth, the better the quality.

SEASON FOR PLANTING.

In this respect they are a most accommodating
crop, allowing the former in the southern and cen-
tral part of the designated district, 20 or 30 days to
perform the operation; the particular part depends
in a very considerable degree upon the climate, in
the region of my residence, the 44th degree of
north latitude, they may be planted from the 10th
of May to the 15th of June. At the extreme
north of the described limits less latitude is
afforded for seed time and harvest. The good
husbandman in that climate should make all prac-
ticable preparation for his crop in the fall, and
plant as early in the spring as the ground is suf-
ficiently dry and warm ; here the growth is ex-
tremely rapid, not requiring more than from 90 to
110 days to perfect it ; the quautity will not be
quite so great as with us, but superior in quality.

KIND OF SEED TO BE PLANTED.

This is a question of too much difficiiky for
me to answer satisfactorily to myself, or instruc-
tive to the numerous inquiries of my correspon-
dents ; the kinds and qualities in a single neigh-
borhood are too numerous and their names too
local and variable to admit of an intelligent reply.
The female of this plant, like most of her sex,
is so jealous of her rights and privileges and so
tenacious of cultivating a friendly intercourse and
connexion with her neighbors, that the blossoms
in fields at 200 yards distance, planted of different
kinds of seed, are frequently found contributing
liberally with each other, by the aid of a gentle
breeze, a portion of their generating fanna, which
is generously received and kindly nourished ; the
product of this connexion strongly partaking of
the properties and appearance of both, many of
them in apparent equal parts. Plant this mixture a
few years in a place of safety and it will be found
that the weaker plant will gradually yield to the
stronger, until the one most productive and best
suited to the climate will be produced in its origi-
nal and unadulterated purity. The fact goes far in
satisfying me- of the cause of our frequent disap-
pointments in not finding seed at all times produ-
cing its kind. We have abundant means with a
little care and patience of supplying ourselves
with every variety of potatoes, the growth of
which is adapted to our climate.

The wise Provider of all good things has kindly
furnished us with the means of providing ourselves
with innumerable kinds and qualities of this vege-
table. The ripe balls or seeds from a single stalk,
will produce by three seasons' planting, almost
countless varieties of every color, shape, size and
quality, which the country has heretofore produ-
ced, and something new, in addition.

The first season's planting they will be small and
tender, the second larger, and the third of suitable
size for field planting.

The only answer I can give to the inquiry for
the right kind of seed, is to recommend to the
farmer that kind to be procured in the vicinity,
most productive, except a small quantity if he
possesses them, of a superior quality, fortable use.
In changing seed, which will occasionally be
found beneficial, if removed from any considera-
ble distance, should be taken from the north, the
growth will be more rapid, consequently, the
quality better, and in southern climates the quan-
tity greater for the first season, at least.

TIME FOR GATHERING.

This ought to be done when the potato is ripe
and not before, the idea so generally entertained
that an early frost which nips the top and destroys
the vine, prevents the further growth ef the pota-
to is a mistaken one, and ought to be exploded ; on
the contrary, if it has not at this time attained its
full size and weight, it grows more rapidly ; the
nourishment required for sustaining the top is
transferred to the root. From a knowledge of
this fact, satisfactorily tested, I am inclined to be-
lieve that by clipping the bushy part of the top
with a scythe or other instrument, after the ball
has attained its fidl size, the crop would be greatly
benefitted by the operation. I have made a few
experiments of this kind, all tending to confirm
my belief, but not suflicient to warrant me in
making the broad unqualified assertion of the
positive correctness of my opinion. I hope agri-
culturists in different sections of the country will
lend a helping hand to aid in testing the correct-
ness or incorrectness of my doctrine in this par-
ticular. The green tops are excellent food for
cattle or swine ; if left on the field will produce
so injury, but serve to enrich the soil.

HOUStNO AND WINTERING.

The erroneous practice pursued by our best far-
mers generally, induces me to state the manner I
lave pursued for years with unvaried success,
fo preserve 5 or 600 bushels, I make a box or bin
{ feet wide, 3 feet high, and sufficient length to
dontain the required quantity, have the joints well
hstened and made as tight as possible, put intc
tlie cellar on skids, raising it 3 or 4 inches from the
cellar bottom ; if the potatoes are intended to b4
tnken out at different times, two or three partitions
should be put in cross wise of the bin, to prevent
such as are not required for immediate use from
exposure to the atmosphere. After this prepara-
tion is completed, the next operation is gathering
and housing them. Here I must again disseni
from the usual practice of farmers generally ; in-
stead of leaving them in the sun and wind to dry.
after digging, in small parcels, in carts or heaps,
they should be immediately covered with the tops
or something else, even if they remain in the field
but a few hours. This destructive practice, 1
think must be entirely attributable to want of re-
flectian, it is the sole cause which produces the
evil 50 much complained of, by us called, the
watery potato ; by the Irish, the winded potato
destroying not only the flavor, but a great portion
of its nutriment. In fact, sun, wind and rain
are as destructive to a fresh dug potato, as moon-i
light is to a fresh caught fish. When your pota-i
toes ire removed to the cellar, put into the bottorc
of the bin 2 inches of fresh earth, then fill youi
apartment with potatoes, within 3 or 4 inches o!
the tap, immediately cover .it with tough grass
turf, 5Ut up with the spade a little dove tailing, t<
the tlickness of 3 or 4 inches ; cover them wit!
the tjrf, grass side up, packed close and poundec
dowt with a wooden mall, to exclude as much ai;
as possible. In this manner in a cellar of suitabli
tcmpjrature, they may be kept fresh and good fo
a yeai-, without germinating. No danger is to h>
apprehended of having too much dirt stick to thi
potrtoes, it assists in preserving them ; an occa
siontil sprinkling of fresh earth amongst them
willjbe found serviceable.

POTATOES FOR FOOD.

Tljeir uses for man or beast are too well undel

VOL. Xm. NO. 43.

AND GARDENER'S MAGAZINE.

3^.

r^ijocl to require any remarks of mine on the sub-
ject. Tliis most valuable of plants in the whole
vegetable kingdom, untloubtedly affords more
healthy nourishment to that portion of the human
family residing in Europe and America, than that
of any other vegetable, perhaps it is best to say,
double the amount, and at less than half the ex-
pense.

POTATOES FOR BREAD.

By adding to wheat, or rye flour, one fourth or
one third part of the meal of potatoes, the quality
}f the bread will be improved and the flavor equally
palatable. It is easy of digestion, sets kindly on
;he most delicate stomach, is highly beneficial in
dyspeptic complaints, a disease (by the by) more
•ommon than necessary in our country ; and gen-
;rally originates from idleness : in some cases too
;lose application to study — but more generally by
ligh living, want of proper exercise of body and
nind or too great indulgence in hypochondrical re-
lections. I am no Doctor, but will guarantee a
;ure gratis, to such as have mind, nerve, and reso-
ution enough to follow my prescription.

The disease is of rare, occurrence amongst the
aboring class in Ireland, that live on potatoes and
alt six days in a week, and is equally so among
he peasantry of Canada.

The manner of making this bread is simple and
asy ; boil good potatoes properly, drain off" the
irater as soon as they have boiled sufficiently, let
lem remain in the warm kettle to dry, take off
le skin, put them in a mortar and pound the meal
ne, to which add a little fine salt, previous to put-
ng in the yeast to raise the bread; mix the pota-
I meal thoroughly with the flour, afterwards pur-
18 the process of making bread from flour. Its
sneral use should be encouraged by the govern-
lent and people. In addition to the benefits pro-
jced on the health of the consumer. In jioint
i" economy, it will be found an immense saving
1 the expense of bread, a saving worthy of the
insideration of the American people, a saving
[ual to the whole amount and cost of the bread
msunied by 3,000,000 of her population, a saving

every five years, to each populous state sufli-
ent to defray the expense of constructing a Rail
oad in each, from one extremity to the other. Is
not then the duty of every well wisher to the
•osperity and happiness of the human family, to
icourage the culture, and more general use of the
)tato, by precept and example ? It is not only
leful in bread, but in many cases an excellent
bstitute for it ; with a beef steak in the morning
fine baked potato will be found a comfortable
ibstitute for a slice of bread.

To such as are fond of that most nutritious
[uid which first gave to their infant bodies strength
id vigor, a good boiled potato may be satis-
ctorily substituted for a slice of bread in a
iwl of milk.

In fact its uses may be increased ten fold with-
it infringing on the rights and privileges of
e most difficidt epicure, or the strong propen-
ies of the fashionable gormandizer, who vvor-
ips his BELLY at the expense of his legs.
In conclusion, I have only to add, that I am
lly aware my communication will be consid-
jd by many readers who take the trouble to
ide through it, unnecessarily long and tedious:
B only apology I have to urge, is a want of
owledge of proper language to express my
3as with brevity, a wish to answer the many
inute inquiries of my numerous correspondents I

and the strong desire I have to cause two po-
tatoes to grow this season where one did last.

I hope that the purity of my intentions will
protect me against the malignant shafts of the
merciless critic. He is at full liberty to attack
the matter, but spare the manner. I beg of him
not to forget to remember that many of us who
hoe i)otatoes the most of our days, and sleep
most of our nights, have very little time to at-
tend schools to learn and expo.se our neighbors'
faults, or forg(?t and hide our own.

Should the foregoing remarks, which appear as
a])plicable to many other crops as that of pota-
toes, have the effect to improve the culture of
the earth beneficially, to any portion of my fel-
low citizens, I shall consider myself, even in
my ill state of health, abundantly remunerated
for my feeble attempts at improvement.

A. W. Barnom.

Vergennes, March 13, 1835.

A Cocoonery. — Mr Samuel Whitmarsh is
erected an edifice of two hundred feet in length
east of his house, on Fort Hill, as a Silk House,
and Cocoonery. The plan of it is original, and
promises the best results. The worms while
feeding, are now laid out upon hoards and ben-
ches, by those who rear them, covered with mul-
berry leaves, and when for health and cleanliness
they are required to be moved, it all must be
done separately.

Mr Whitmarsh's building is intersected by
alleys, and on each side tiers of sliding frames
or drawers rise from the floor upward. These
frames ^re covered with lattice work of twine.
The top one is laid over with leaves upon which
the worms feed. The second frame, about an
inch and a half below, is covered with strong
paper, or coarse cotton. All the stems of the
leaves, or offal from the worm, fall from the
lattice work above upon this draw, and when
the usual time for cleaning them comes, instead
of lifting each separately, it is only requisite to
remove the lower draw, and the cleansing is ac-
complished.

The leaf of the Chinese Mulberry, which Mr
W. will use, is so tender that the worm will
devour it all. Sometimes they will fall from
the lattice work above, upon the paper draw be-
low. In that case, when a new supply of
leaves is laid on above, the worms at once as-
cend, as the distance is not too great between
them, to prevent their reaching above. This is
a great and important change introduced into
the method of feeding and cleanliness, saving
time and promoting the health of the worms.

Another great improvement to be introduced
by Mr Whitmarsh, is the aid given the worms
in winding their cocoons. Now when the
worms have terminated their feeding, easily
known by their movements, branches of trees
and bushes are laid over or suspended above
ihem, and among which the process of winding
is carried on. Consequently they are much en-
tangled, lost to sight, a great deal of labor and
silk lost in securing themselves, and altogether an
awkward method of separating the cocoons for
use from the bushes.

He proposes, when the Worms are ready to
wind, to transfer them to upright frames, with
twine lattice work, standing about an inch and
a half apart.

The worms will reach over from one frame |

to the other, fasten themselves at each extrem-
ity and then in a small compass envelope
themselves in their cocoons. Every thing is then
clean and compact, and after they have finished
winding, the frames in pairs can be put away
compactly, and when wanted for use, the cocoons
are easily taken off. The building is well con-
trived for ventillation and the reeling by steam
power will be carried on in the same edifice. He
intends to feed a million of worms this sum-
mer and reel four or five hundred pounds of silk.
— J^orthamploii Courier.

The American Horse. — In the extensive
territory and varied climate of the United States
several breeds of horses are found.

The Canadian is found principally in Canada,
and the northern States. He is supposed to be '
of French descent, and many of the celebrated
American trotters are of his breed. We will
speak of some of them when we describe the
paces of the horse.

The Concstoga horse is found in Pennsylvania
and the middle States — long in the leg and
light in the carcass — -sometimes rising seventeen
hands, used principally for the carriage ; but when
not too high, and with sufficient substance,
useful for hunting and the saddle.

The English horse, with a good deal of blood,
prevails in Virginia and Kentucky; and is found
to a greater or less degree in all the States. The
Americans have, at different times, imported
some of the best English blood. It has been
most diligently and purely preserved in the
southern States. The celebrated Shark, the best
horse of his day, and equalled by few at any
time, was the sire of the best Virginia horses ;
and Tally-ho, a son of Highflyer, peopled the
Jerseys.

In the back-settlements, and in the south-
western States, is a horse resembling the wild
horse of the Pampas, already described, and evi-
dently of the same origin.

The Flemish and Dutch Horse. — The Flemish
and Dutch horses are large, and strongly and
most beautifully formed. We are indebted to
them for some of the best blood of our draught
horses, and we still have frequent recourse to
them for keeping up and improving the breed.
— Library of Useful Knoioledge.

It was stated in a discourse recently delivered
before the members of the American Institute,
that there was annually consumed in the United
States, more silk, than all the wheat, corn, rye,
oats, flaxseed, biscuit, potatoes, and hops, which
are exported will pay for, by nearly $3,000,000 !
— Bost. Trans.

Wool. — There was imported into the port of
Boston, during the year 1834, three millions five
hundred and ffteen thousand pounds of wool, that
cost less than eight cents per pound and free of
duty ; one hundred thiHy three thousand nine hun-
dred pounds, costing over eight cents per pound,
and dutiable. — Post.

Among the new applications of caoutchouc, we
now see advertised in the English papers, " India
rubber cojins." Being water tight, they are re-
commended on sea voyages.

mi

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRII. ao, 183S.

AVORKIBIG OXEW.

We copy the following remarks on working
oxen from the Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Ag-
ricultural Society, contained in a letter from the
Hon. Levi Lincoln to John Hare Powel, Esq.

The best broken oxen are those which are
early trained and accustomed to the yoke with
occasional light work. Tliey are often broken as
early as one or two years of age, with gentle and
patient usage. At this period they are more do-
cile and tractable, and it is tl)Ought become more
powerful, by being sooner accustomed to each
Other, and to the application of their strength to
the draft. I believe they may be taught to travel
in almost any gait ; certain it is, the rate at which
oxen differently broken will walk with their load,
would seem incredible to a person ignorant of the
difference in the mode of their training. To ac-
custom them to a quick pace, they should at first
be driven in the yoke while young, without any,
or a very light weight, and never heavily loaded,
until they have arrived at full strength and ma-
turity.

A great fault with many people is too much in-
difference to the construction of the yoke. Almost
any shapeless piece of wood, with holes for the in-
sertion of the bows, is made to answer ; but to
the case of the draft, the adaptation of the yoke
or bow to the neck of the bullock, and the posi-
tion of the staple and ring in the yoke, are alto-
gether material. For common use, and particu-
larly for ploughing, I have found that yokes were
generally too short. Cattle of the largest size re-
quire a yoke from 4J to 5 feet in length. In short
yokes they are a])t to haul, as it is termed, — that
is, draw/ro)n each other, and to such a degree,
in some instances, as to cross their fore legs, and
destroy their power and greatly impede their pro-
gress. / once owned a pair made totally useless by
this habit, and afttrwards entirely corrected by the
application of a yoke 18 inches longer. A short
yoke is necessary only in snow paths, where cat-
tle would otherwise crowd against each other, the
opposite of hauling, but of the same mischievous
effect.

In respect to what oxen are made to do in a
short time, or as an experiment upon their strength
I must refer you to the results of our i)lough-
ing matches. With us they are but little used up-
on the road, except in the transportation of heavy
loads for short distances in the same town, or be-
tween neighboring towns. One reason why hor-
ses are preferred for wagoning on the road, may
be that they can be made to travel quicker, and
that from the construction of the hoof they are
less liable to lameness, than the cloven footed ox,
by becoming foot-sore. On the other hand, the
patient and steady labor of the ox, finds no sub-
stitute in the horse; for the service of the farm ;
and the latter is seldom seen there except in oc-
casional aid of the ox team, or with the light
plough between the rows of corn. The value of
a yoke of oxen, or a pair of horses, for use in all
the business of a farm, admits of no comparison.
So decided is the preference for the former, that
I do not believe a single farmer can be found in
this extensive agricultural county who performs
his labor by horses without oxen ; while there
are hundreds, I had almost said thousands, who
make no other use of horses in husbandry, than to
furrow for planting, and plough among their corn
for hoeing.

Our oxen are kept iu a cheaper and less expen-

sive manner than horses. In the summer they are
unifonnly grazed in the pastures. In the cold
and winter seasons they are put into the barns,
and fed upon the stock hay, as it is called, that
which grows in meadows, and upon the fodder of
corn stalks, husks, &c. unless indeed they are more
severely worked than usual, when hay of better
quality is given them ; and in all cases, as the
spring advances, their keeping is improved, and
with better hay, some grain is added. I speak of
the general practice of farmers. There are some
who keep their oxen more generously, and others
more hardly than I have mentioned. But with a
clean and warm stable, ivith daily application of
the currycomb and card, and coarse food, without
severe labor, the best farmers will at all times ex-
hibit teams of most vigorous and powerful cattle,
and their best hay and grain will be saved in their
beef and pork, and in the produce of their dairies,
for the market.

Destroying worms and insects with spir-
its OF TURPENTINE. — I was led to try it by ob-
serving that certain plants which have naturally a
strong odor, are not infested with insects.

Wishing some years ago to raise four yoimg
puppies, I perceived them when a few days old
to be very languishing, and discovered that they
were full of insects or lice, which were preying
upon them. It was in vain that they were comb-
ed new generations succeeded, or where renew-
ed from the mother, and the little animals were
on the point of perishing. I then took it into ray
head to sponge both the mother and the pups with
warm water, impregnated with spirits of turpen-
tine : and soon found to my agreeabJe surprise,
that every turn of the comb brought out numer-
ous dead insects. The little animals soon acquir-
ed vigor, and were saved by a single repetition of
the process during the course of the summer.

I soon found occasion to try its effects on some
of my trees, which were attacked by a multitude
of worms. These I destroyed entirely by put-
ting into a bowl a few handfuls of earth on which
I poured a small quantity of the spirits — then add-
ing water, and stirring the whole together, until it
had a proper consistence to be rubbed or brushed
over the ends of the branches. The insects per-
ished with their germs and the odor remained sev-
eral days about the tree, repels fresh invaders. A
mixture of earth is necessary, because spirits of
turpentine swims upon pure water and will not
mix with it ; and if used in too great quantities
might burn the leaves.

The drought which occurred a few years ago,
in the canton in which I live, produced a mange
in Iiorses and cattle, very extensive and injurious ;
and those which escaped this infection were filled
with lice, from which they were promptly relieved
by sponging each with water impregnated with
the spirits. This infection caused horses fatigued
with labor, to rub themselves so much against
their mangers, and the walls of the stables, as to
deprive them of much of the rest so necessary to
their comfort.

I cannot therefore doubt from the trials that
have been made, that much benefit might result
from the use of turpentine in clearing fields and
trees from insects of different kinds : and that a
mixture of ashes with which a portion of
this liquid has been incorporated, would remove
by its odor, the ticks and other insects which in-
fest turnips. Its odor is more penetrating in the

open air than that of sulphur and some other
materials used for thispurjjose. — Silliman's Jour.

Beautiful Machinery. — To those who love
to contemplate the results of human ingenuity, as
manifested iu complicated machinery, a visit to
the paper mills of Newton, a few miles from Bos-
ton, will afford the highest degree of satisfaction.
The rags by the operation of some simple yet
well devised combination of wheels, are reduced
very rapidly to a sort of paste. This is then
spread out by tlie movement of other machinery
unassisted by hands, into a thin broad sheet, which
goes onward over rollers, and down between cylin-
ders, heated by steam, &c. till it finally makes iti
appearance at the extremity of a room about twen
tyfive feet from where it flowed out of a vat o
cold water, in the form of a beautiful ribbon o
white dry paper, fit for immediate use. Million
of yards might easily be manufactured into onr
unbroken piece. For the convenience of th
printers however, the paper is cut into any requir
ed size, by revolving shears. On the whole, afte
having carefully examined this wonderful labor
saving machinery, we have come to the conclusio
that it must be regai'dedas one of the most extra
ordinary productions of the age. — Scientific Tract:

Shepardia, or Buffalo Berry. — Mr Medar;

gir Permit me to invite the attention of you

readers to the Shepardia or Buffalo Berry.

This interesting tree was discovered by W
Nuttall, in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountain
in the year 1810, and introduced by him into son)
of the gardens in the Atlantic States. It is pe)
fectly hardy. In Winship's Nursery at Brigtc«.
in Massachusetts, it flourishes as well as in i
native sod and climate, and during the lastautuin
his trees were literally loaded with fruit, whic
hangs in racemes of the size and appearance 1 1
red currants. The fruit ripens late in the fall,
is sub-acid and palatable in its natural state, am
also makes an excellent presei-ve.

The tree belongs to the Linnsean class " DicEcia
and it is said that it is necessary to place hot
barren and fertile plants in contiguity, in orde
successfully, to raise the/ruit— of this, howeve
I have some doubts. .

Gentlemen of taste could not expend a fe'
dollars to better advantage in ornamenting the
gardens, than by procuring several of these tree
— Ohio Farmer.

Fat Cattle. — The ancient town of Deerfiel
with its broad and fertile meadows, probably fu
nishes more heavy cattle for market than almo
any other town in the valley of the Connectici
Three noble pairs, fatted by Mr David Barnard
that place, were weighed in this town on Satu
day. The heaviest weighed 4397 lbs.; ne
4295 ; and the lighest 4070, making an aggrega
of 12762 lbs. — Greenfield Gazette.

Leaves fob Potatoes.— Leaves piled in
pen with alternate thin strata of swamp mu
when partially decomposed are found a superi
preparation for the Irish potato crop. P
around the roots of fruit trees, this compost b
been found to produce a healthy and vigoro
.rrowth Its operation has been much increas
hi its eflicacy by the addition of lime to the ma
The finest Irish potatoes that I have seen produc
in a southern clime were produced by this co)
post. — Southern Lyceum.

VOL.. xm. NO. 43.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

Farming. — While many a discontented and
restless mortal is casting a longing and not linger-
ing look towards the far famed West, where ten-
penny nails if planted overnight, sprout into crow-
bars by next morning ; and where pigs' tails didy
set in the rich loam, come up full grown grunting
quadrupeds in the space of three or four days —
and wliile other greedy souls are flying oft' to-
wards the forests of Maine, with the view of pur-
chasing timber gardens where even the corn stalks
and cabbage stumps may be sawed into planks
and beams — we have to record one wise instance
of a contrary policy. A few days since, a farmer
from "down east," finding his lands overrun and
eaten up by swarms of speculating locusts, pull-
ed up stakes and starting oft' in a due westerly
direction, landed plumply upon that " sterile" spot
ycleped Nantucket. Curiosity led him to exam-
ine the properties of its soil — and above all, the
probable profits of such products as might be
gathered therefrom. Satisfied of the superior ad-
vantages resulting from a ready and certain mar-
ket even for stinted crops over those accruing
from superabundant avails without the facility of
exchanging them for money and other commodi-
ties he at once purchased a farm, and settled him-
sef, snugly, thereon. Now this man, with a mod-
erate share of industry, and a proper exercise of
his agricultural knowledge — especially if aided
by the light which modern science is throwing
upon the art of cultivating the earth — will realize
vastly more from such a farm, than from any
of those rich tracts in the wilderness, where
though vegetation flourishes with but little labor,
that little meets with no adequate reward. Ten
pounds of new butter at thirty cents and as many
bushels of green peas at two dollars bring as
much money according to Crocker's arithmetic as
ten times these quantities at one tenth the price !
Besides, one has the advantage of living in civil-
ized society — and enjoying, for himself and chil-
dren, the benefit of its institutions. We have no
manner of doubt that at the year's end, the profits
of a farm in Nantucket may be made to equal
those of any one of like extent in Kentucky or in
Kennebec. — J^antucket Inquirer.

Wanton destruction of Birds. — A petition
for an act to prevent the wanton destruction of
marsh birds, was taken up in the House yesterday.
It is a subject well deserving attention. The pe-
tition states that these birds, the plover, red-breast
and curlew, &c. (which atford such delightful
sport to the gunner, on the great marshes of the
Cape, in the month of August) come here from
the South, in April or May, when poor and unfit
for food. That the people near whei-e the birds
find their roosts, kindle fires on the marshes,
towards which they fly and are knocked down
and destroyed in immense quantities. One per-
son alone, in one night, murdered 2400 of these
birds, in this wanton manner. It is apparent that
if this wicked slaughter is continued the ivhole
species will become extinct.

The citizens of Barnstable and Plymouth coun-
ties are deeply interested in preventing this kind
of bloody massacre. One of the greatest induce-
ments for strangers to visit that healthful spot, the
Cape, in summer, is the amusement of shooting
on the marshes — a healthful exercise, which is
alike captivating to as great a mind as Daniel
Webster's or as little a one, as ordinary summer
loungers carry with them when they travel.

This attraction is a source of profit as well as
pleasure, and we earnestly hope that the Legisla-
ture will pass the act desired. To kill a bird in
a fair shot on the wing, and for purposes of food,
is warranted on every principle which justifies
the use of meats in any case ; but to decoy
whole flocks of them by holding out false lights,
that at the same time may destroy the mariner,
and then knock them on the head, is cold-blooded
wanton, savage — bird slaughter. — Boston Daily
Advocate.

Speed the Plough! — Notwithstanding our
little State is so often sneered at for her Granite
Hills and barren soil, we learn that Dr. Jarvis
yesterday sold wool grown upon his farm to the
amoum of fourteen thousand dollars ! We much
doubt whether any New England Farmer in one
day ever made a heavier sale of the agricultural
products of his estate.

Jf''ool. — Our last quotations of this article are
fully supported. Mixed and full blood Saxony
70 a 75. American full blood 62i a 65. Ameri-
can 3-4 do 55 a 58, J do 45 a SO, i do to common
42 a 45 — spinning good 42 a 45. There continues
to be a good demand for the article. Woolens
are rising, and our farmers who have been keep-
ing their wool on hand, cannot do better than to
bring it into market. It will in all probability be
lower before shearing time. A prime lot of Sax-
ony wool, between eighteen and nineteen thousand
pounds, was taken this week in this town by the
Lawrences at Lowell, at 76 cents per pound.
The manufacturers continue to supply their im-
mediate demands for domestic wool at prices
ranging within or a small advance upon our quo-
tations.— Claremont (M H.) Eagle.

Opium Trade. — By occasionally visiting the
Hercules, one of the receiving ships for opium, I
was able to observe, through the kindness of Mr
Parry, her chief oflicer, how this extensive and
lucrative business is conducted. The sales are
effected in Canton by the European merchants,
and orders sent down with smuggling boats for
the delivery of the opium from the different ships ;
the boats engaged in this occupation are armed
with spears, shields, and even fire-arms, to repel
any attack that may be made upon them by the
aiandarin guard boats. They are also manned by
a very brave athletic crew ; indeed, Chinese fight
very well one against the other, but they cannot
bring forward sufficient courage to face Europeans
except the advantages are overpowering on their
side. These boats are provided with sails, in ad-
dition to a number of oars and rowers, and they
pass through the water with inconceivable rapid-
ity. The Mandarin boats, having a weaker and
less choice crew, seldom or never overtake them ;
this, however may in part be explained from the
fact of the guard boats, (the revenue cutters) sent by
the Chinese Government to cruise against smug-
glers, coming along side for a supply of the pro-
hibited drug, to smuggle it themselves, into the
heart of the Chinese empire. Anything can be
done by bribery in this country, and these boats
are often employed for smuggling cassia, treasure,
&c., on board European ships at Lintin, &c. : in-
deed every smuggling boat that takes opium from
an opium ship leaves a payment of one dollar on
each chest for the Mandarins, and on the opium
returns being made up, the sum is regularly paid

to them ; each boat leaves also a kunishaw, or
present for the ship, of five dollars.

The chests of the drug are opened on board:
the balls or crackers are taken out, and immedi-
ately deposited in small mat bags, brought by them
for the purpose, and sown up , being in that way
more convenient to smuggle than in large heavy
chests. Thera are three kinds of opium usually
sold in the English ships, the Malwa, Benars, and
Patna ; a fourth, the Turkey opium, is confined
to the American and other foreign vessels. The
Patna opium is in balls, packed in partition cases,
each chest containing forty balls. Old opium
fetches a higher price than the new, the former
being solid, the latter soft and more liable to run.
The old chests, so termed, are usually two years
old when they come under that denomination.
The Malwa opium is in rather flattened cakes.
The prices of this drug of course fluctuate very
much ; the consumption in the Chinese empire
must be enormous and is entirely (not the least
extraordinary part of the affair) carried on by an
illicit trade. The payments are usually made, if
to any extent, in Sycee silver, which is taken by
weight, no silver coinage being acknowledged by
the Chinese Government. The Chinese pur-
chasers of the opium refine it by boiling, previous
to using it for smoking ; they use it also in the form
of tincture, usually carrying a small bottle contain-
ing it about them. The present Emperor of Chi-
na has been described as being totally incapacitat-
ed from any business, through the excess to which
he has carried the debiliating practice of opium
smoking. — Bennet's Wandering.

Twitch Grass — Quitch Grass — Couch
Grass — Witch Grass. — This troublesome grass
which is so tenacious of life that it will grow
either end up, and multiplies the faster the more
it is divided and bids defiance to almost every
body, unless it be totally grubbed up and cast into
an oven, is said may be destroyed in the fol-
lowing manner as practised by Mr Taylor of Lew-
iston. Me. After ploughing the ground he sows
it as early as possible with Buck wheat. This
springs up and prevents the twitch from growing,
about the last of June. When the Buck wheat is
in blossom he ploughs it under and sows another
crop. This springs up and has time to ripen its
seed before frost. — Maine Farmer.

Grease for Wheelaxles. — What is the best
grease for wheels ? said one " whip," to another
the other day. Tar, said the other. Tar ! I de-
spise tar, and grease won't stay there. Now had
they put the question to our grave selves, we couU
have told them of a valuable material to diminish
friction, not only in cairiage wheel boxes, but in
all machinery whatever. The composition we
believe was first used in^the iron works on the
Boston Mill dam, and consists of soapstone, finely
pulverized and mixed with grease or sof\ tallow.
It is an excellent application — a real anti-frictidn-
ist. — Maine Farmer.

At the late grand fete at Wentworth House,
there was placed in the refreshment room, a iow-
quetle de fruit ; composed of every variety of
grapes, pines, peaches, nectarines, &c., 5 yards in
circumference, and valued at 600?. — Loudon's
Magazine.

334

N E W E IN (J L A IN u r A n ivi Ji. n ,

APRI'f

• »», 1935,

52rj3w ii3ia'0^^s?as> Js-Asasffins^a

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APUIL 2'J, 1833.

FARMERS' ■WORK FOR MAY.

Seeds for Field and Garden Crops. — It is not
necessary to enlarge on the importance to a farmer of
his raising and selecting the best of seeds to propagate
from. One might as well expect to gather grapes Irora
the wild ivy as to obtain good crops from seeds which
are not of a good quality. The causes of defective seeds
are

1st. JVot being properly sitvatcd in growing, and well
ripened. — If we were about to purchase seeds, we should
be glad to know whether they had been well brought
up, and had not been contaminated by evil communica-
tions, which are attended with bad consequences to all
sorts of entities. Different sorts of plants of the same
or similar species impart to each other their respective
qualities. If the genuine ruta baga were set to grow
for seed near the common turnip or turnip cabbage, the
seeds of the former will have in part the peculiarities
of the latter, and viceuersa. "To generate the best
kinds of seeds, the most healthy plants should be cho-
sen, and those which are most early in the season.
These should be so placed as to have no weak plants of
the same species or even genus in their vicinity, lest
the fecundating dust of weaker plants should be blown
by winds upon the stigmata of the stronger, and thus
produce a less vigorous progeny."' It is best to let all
seeds intended to propagate from, remain on the parent
stock till fully lipe. For instance, wheat intended for
seed should stand in the field till fully ripe, and the
kernel perfectly hard ; but that which is intended for
other uses, should be cut before it is dead ripe, as some
phrase it, and while the joints of the straw have still a
greenish appearance. So in seed corn, that whichripens
earliest should be preferred, but Dr Dean advised to
mark such ears, and let them stand on the stalks till they
had become sapless. Seeds will grow if gathered green ,
and afterwards dried in the sun, but they will not pro-
duce so good plants as if they had been fairly ripened.
2. Select the heaviest and largest seeds for sowing and
planting. The way to try seeds is this. Put a small
quantity of them in luke-warm water, and let the water
be four or five inches deep. A mug or basin will do,
but a large tumbler glass is best ; for then you can sec
the bottom as well as top. Some seeds, such as those
of cabbage, radish and turnip, will, if good, go to the bot-
tom at once. Cucumber, lettuce, endive, and many
others, require a few minutes. Parsnip and carrot, and
all the winged seeds, require to be well wetted before
you put them into the glass ; and the carrot should be
rubbed, so as to get off part of the hairs which would
otherwise act as the feathers do to a duck. The seeds of
beet and mangel wurtzel are in a case or shell. The
rough things that we sow are not the seeds, but the
cases in which the seeds are contained, each case con-
taining from one to five seeds. Therefore, the trial by
water is not, as regards these two seeds, conclusive,
though if the seed be very good, it will sink in water
after being in the glass an hour. And as it is a matter
of great importance that every seed should grow in a
case where the plants stand so far apart ; as gaps in
roots of beet and mangel wortzel are so very injurious,
the best way is to reject all seed that will not sink, case
and all, after being put in warm water, and remaining
there an hour.
But seeds of all sorts are sometimes, if not always, part

sound and part unsound, and as the former is not to be
rejected on account of the latter, the proportion of each
should be ascertained if the separation be not made.
Count, then, an hundred seeds, taken promiscuously,
and put them into water, as before directed. If filly
sink and fifty swim, half of your seeds are bad, and half
good ; and so in proportion as toother numbers of sink-
ers and swimmers. There may be plants the sound seeds
ofwhichwillnotsinkjbut Iknowofnone. If to be found
in any instance, they would, I think, be found in those
of the tulip tree, the ash, the birch and parsnip, all of
which are furnished with so large a portion of wing.
Yet all these, if sound, will sink, if put into warm wa-
ter, with the wet worked a little into the wings first.—
I incline to the opinion that we should try seeds as our
ancestors tried witches ; not by fire, but by water ; and
that, following up their practice we should reprobate
and destroy all that do not readily sink.*

3. Seeds should he well preserved. They should be pre-
served in a dry and temperate place, and the air should
not be excluded. Miller says " the seeds of cucumbers,
melons, and gourds, which have thick horny coverings,
and the oil of their seed being of a cold nature continue
good eight or ten years ; and radish, turnip, rape, &c.,
with other oily seeds (whose coats are not so hard and
close, as the others,) yet abounding with oil, which is
of a warmer nature, the seeds will keep good three or
four years ; whereas the seeds of parsley, carrot, pars-
nip, and most other umbelliferous plants, whose seeds
are for the most part of a warm nature, and have little
oil in them do lose their growing faculty, often in one
year, but seldom remain good longer than two years.
The seeds of cucumbers, melons and pumpkins improve
by being kept till they are three or four years old.
When kept that time on hand they produce more and
earlier fruit, and less vine. If seeds of that age, how-
ever, cannot be obtained, they should be well washed
to cleanse them from mucilage, and thoroughly dried
before planting."

4. Wheat, we are told, is improved for seed by being
kept on hand a year, and will then produce a crop with-
out smut and will not be injured by the fly. Judge
Buel observed, " I am almost a proselyte to the opinion
that the nit is deposited in the down of the kernel be-
ore the grain is harvested, and that the same warmth
which causes the seed to vegetate in the earth hatches
the insect there also. I am inclined to favor the hy-
pothesis, and not without evidence, that the seed of both
the smut and the fly lose their reproductive power dur-
ino- the lapse of a twelvemonth. I will not venture to
say, that liming seed is as efficacious against the fly, as
it is against smut ; but thus much I can say, that I
always lime my seed wheat, and never have it injured
by smut or fly, while many fields in my neighborhood
are annually devastated by the one or materially in-
jured by the other."

Mr Elijah Cobb was admitted a subscription member '
of the Society,

Adjourned, Chas. M. Hovey, Sec. pro. fern.

Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, )
4th April, 1835. J

My Dear Sir — At the first formation of the Horti-
cultural Society over which you preside, I was desirous-
of becoming a member, and my name was kindly allowed
to be added to the list, but I have to regret that it has
not been in my power to be in any way useful to that
respectable establishment. Having no knowledge of
Botany, I cannot say if we have in this Province, any
indigenous plants that differ from those of the United
States, but should your superior information enable you
to point out any, it would give me great pleasure to send
them to you. X have not noticed in the New England
Farmer, any mention made of the Chinese Naked Oats,
or a description of wheat called the Spanish Long Moun-
tain Wheat ; a friend sent me a sample of each of those
which were sown last spring rather late in May, and the
season being cold, the wheat was rather shrunk in the
kernel, but I am inclined to think it would do very well
in your warmer climate, I therefore take the liberty of
sending you a small quantity of oats and wheat, in the
hope that they may be acceptable, although it is possible
they may be common in Massachusetts. With sincere
wishes for the prosperity of the Horticultural Society,

I am, my dear Sir, respectfully your obt. servt.

Chas. R. Prkscott.

Z. Cook, Jr. Esa.

PreE. Mass. Hort. Society.

* Darwin's Phytologia.

The celebration at Lexington on the 20th of April ap-
pears to have been all that could have been anticipated
or carried into cff'ect by the efforts of enlightened patri-
otism, to honor the memory of those who died for their
country at that place on the 19th of April, 1775. It
would not^be possible for us to give even the outlines of
the proceedings, without excluding from our columns
the matter to which our paper is devoted. Besides, the .
newspapers of the day have already given such notices
of what was said and done on that occasion, as were de-
manded by the good, who would honor the brave. Mr
Everett was the Orator of the day, and his name is a
sufficient eulogy on the performances; which Judge
Story, than whom there can be no better judge, declared
to be " one of the happiest efforts of his life." Those
who would wish to read an able and minute account of
this day's transactions at Lexington will find them re-
corded in the Bunker Hill Aurora of the 2oth inst.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAI. SOCIETY.

A meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society
was held on Saturday, April 25, 1835, at their room in
Cornhill E. Vose, Esq., presiding.

C. M. Hovey was chosen Secretary pro. tern.

A letter was received from C. R. Prescotl, Esq , en-
closing seeds of the Chinese Naked oats and Spanish
Long Mountain Wheat; also, from Mr John Redman,
enclosing seeds from Mexico.

Voted, — That the thanks of this Society be presented
to Messrs Prescott and Redman for their liberal donations
of seeds.

* Co1)bett's American Gardener.

Wearing Flannels. — As the genial sunshine of
spring advances, those accustomed to wearing flannel
undergarments are too much disposed to lay them sud-
denly aside. This is an error of great magnitude. Keep
them on till the east wind is no longer elaborated ; till ,
the flowers are blooming in the fields, and a uniform at-
mospheric temperature is established. A multitude
annually, are hurried to an early grave, in the very me-
ridian of life, in consequence of not understanding, or by
neglecting, this simple though important advice. — Medi-
cal Journal.

In Buff'alo,N. Y. Mr Fuller has obtained in the Cir-
cuit Court, a verdict of $1000 against Drs Hoit and
Wallace for malpractice, in injuring both arms by bad
bleeding.

The Bangor papers say there will be more buildings
erected in that city the ensuing summer than during any
previous year. There is no question but Bangor is in-
creasing in wealth, business and population, with remark-
able rapidity.

VOIi. Xin. NO. 43.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

335

Apples,

Beans, while,

Beef, mess, (new)
Cargo, No. 1.

prime, ■ ■ . .
Beeswax, (American) .
Bdtter inspected, No. 1, .
Cheese, new millt, . . . .

skimmed milli,
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
F'lax, American, . . . .
Flaxseed, . i

^'lour, Genesee, . . cash
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
jRAiN, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white,
Rye, northern,

Barley

Oats, norihcrn, . (prime)
Iay, best English, . . . .

eastern screwed, .
'' hard pressed, ....

foNEr,

lops, 1st quality

2d quality ....
ARD, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, 1st sort,
EATHER, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
[ME, best sort, ....
JRK, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .
Navy, mess, ....
bone, middlings,
EEtis, Herd's Grass,
Red Top,

Red Clover, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle, .
liLLOw, tried, ....
ooL, prime, or Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4ths do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1 A and common
Native washed,
c C Pulled superfine,
Stj 1st Lambs, .
t=Ud do.
^S. 3d do, . .
^ I 1st Spinning, .
ithera pulled wool is generally 5 cts.
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

ton

it
gallon
pound

PEAR STOCKS, &c.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocks; Apple Slocks;
VV hite and I'mk Flowering Horse Chesnuts, and Honey Lo-
custs, for sale on very reasonable terms. Apply to

AP"' 29. GEO. 6. BARRETT.

FLOWER SEEDS.

An extensive collection of splendid Annual, Biennial and
I erennial Flower Seeds, comprising some new and choice
varieties, for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT. april 22.

cwt.
pound

ST HELENA POTATOES.

200 bushels of this very superior Potato for sale at Brimmer
4- Inches' store on the T wharf, at 80 cents per bushel bv MO-
bES HEALEY. apr'il 23

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

Fine large, three years old Roots of the Dutch Asparagus,
for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT. april 15.

GRAPE VINES <fc PLUM TREES.

Isabella and Catawba of extra size and Red and White
Chasselas Grapes, and of the foreign varieties.

Also— Plum tiees of vigorous growth and of the most ap-
proved kinds, for sale by SAMUEL POND, Cambrid<report

Orders may be left at the N. E. Farmer Office, march 18.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE.

A grist mill, with geering complete, built in the best manner,
and has been running but a very short time— stones 3 feet 6
inches diameter— runner 19 inches thick— removed lor the
accommodation of other machinery.

One runner, S feet diameter, 17"inche3 thick.

Two driving wheels, partly worn, with pinions and spindles.

A pair of mill stones, superior grit 4 feet 8 inches diameter
runner 18 inches thick, with the requisite iron work. '

The above will be sold low, if immediate application is made
at the counting room of the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.

march 11.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. Bdckminster's Nursery, Framingham :— Apple
trees, Clierry trees, Pear trees, Peach trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality at cus-
tomary prices. . „a,ph 4^

Newbnryport Agricultural -Warehouse aud
SEEU STORE.

The subscriber. Agent lor the New England Seed Store,
has received a full assortment of Garden and Flower Seeds,
laised and put up expressly for the New England Seed Es-
tablishment, in papers with their labels on tliem, with directions
for cultivating, i\.c. warranted of the growth of 1834.

Also received from the Agricultural Warehouse, Boston,
aud Manufacturers, a general assortment of Ploughs, Cultiva-
tors, Hay Cutters, Hay Knives, Hoes, Garden ffoes. Manure
Forks, Shovels, .Spades, Churns, .'^-c. The above establish-
ment was opened by the subscriber last Spring, and arrange-
ments made to be constantly supplied with all kinds of Gar-
den and Farming 1 ools, including those of the Dairy, which
he offers at maaufaclurers' prices. WM. HILL,

No. 3, South Row, Market Square.

Newburyport, April 1. 3i»

NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST.

George C. Barrett and Russell, Odiorne ^ Co.
Boston, have now in press, and will publish in a few weeks, the
second edition, greatly enlarged and improved, of the NEW
AMERICAN ORCIi ARDIST, or an account of the most val-
uable Iruils of all climates, adapted to cultivation in the United
States, with their history, uses, modes of culture, management
&c. Also, useful vegetables, ornamental forest trees, shrubs,
and flowers, silk, bees, &c. By William Kenrick.

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines
for sale by Jonathan Boyce, Market Street, Lynn
march 25. 4t

p R o r I

MS, northern,
southern,
IK, whole hogs,
;ltry, .
riER, (tub) .

lump
ss,

ATOES,
lER,

S I O N MA

RETAIL PRICES.

pound

10

1i.

6

10

18

dozen

14

bushel

45

barrel

2 75

12
8

7
14
20

16

50

300

AGENCY IN CONCORD, N. H.

VViLLiAM Kent has accepted the agency of the New En"--
land Seed Establishment and has received a full assortment of
Garden and Flower Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
tions for cultivating, &c. on each paper. These Seeds are
warranted, being raised in gardens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. March 24, 18ri5.

WANTS A SITUATION.

An experienced Gardener, well acquainted with all the
branches of gardening, wants a situation— good reference can
be made. Address R. E. at this office. April 8

SILVER FIRS, <&c.

William Mann of Bangor, Me. will execute at short no-
tice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, *c. well packed and
m good order. "^ ^pril 3.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold, a number of fine animals, from the breed of
Denton, Admiral, Wye Comet, &c. Apply to A. Green-
wood, on the Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's Meetlng-
House, in Dorchester. fgb. 25.

FOR SALE, or To Let for the Season.

The celebrated Stallions, Highlander and Dey of .\|o-iers
.Also— six thorough bred Durham improved Short Horned
Bulls. Also— a number of Heifers and Cows of the same
breed, for sale. Inquire of RALPH WATSON, East Wind-
sor. Conn. ^pril 8.

K.ALMIAS, AZALEAS, &.C.

The subscriber will furnish Kalmia latifolias and Azalea
nudifloras in bundles of 25 each, packed in moss, at the rale
of gl2,50 per hundred, delivered at Geo. C. Barrett's
Seed Store, who is agent, at short notice. Also, a great vari-
ety of indigenous and exotic shrubs, aud herbaceous plants

Lancaster Garden, March 27. JOS. BRECK

FOR SALE OR TO LET,

A valuable Farm situated in Medford, about five miles from
this city, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
or woulfl be let on shares, provided a temperate man should
want the same.

For further particulars apply at this office, m II.

GROUND PLASTER,

From the Lubec Alanufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs

CO No "9' T Wh° f ^"'^ '""^ '''"' '""'^ ^^ '^^*^' '^'^^^^ ^•

4000 APPLE TREES

For sale by the subscriber, at Fresh Pond, in Cambridge
consisting of Baldwins, Russetts, Porters, Rivers, Siberian
Crabs, and Blue Pcarroains. The trees are four years from
the bud and are probably the best in Massachusetts

JONAS WYETH.

Cambridge, April 8.

.IGHTON MARKET.-Mondav, April 27, 1835.

[Reported for the IJaily Advertiser i Patriot.]
Lt market 250 Beef Cattle, 20 yoke Working Oxen, 25
V3 and Calves, 275 Sheep, and 700 Swine 25 Beef
tie unsold.

RICES.— Beef Cattle— We continue to advance our
tationg in order to conform to sales. A few very fair
e taken at about $7. We quote prime at 30s a 40s
good at 36s a 398 ; thin 323 6da34s6d. We no-
i a beautiful yoke, said to be the best ever at Bright-

"1 « r' '"m ' ^",^ purchased at a high price, and
■b left for New York.

Wking-Ozen—We not'ced sales at .$00, 76, 80, 95,
and i:j8. '

9WS and Ca/res— Sales were noticed at $23, 25, 27,
iO, o2, and 35. ■«- > > i

iee^Lots were taken at $5 a 6, and one lot extraor-
ry fine, at $10 each.

wne-In demand, and prices have advanced ; lot to
lie was taken at 5 3-8 for sows and 6 3-8 for barrows ;

in n^"'"' ^J"^ ® '°' barrows for those weighing
II 80; ail over 6 and 7. o &

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Brushhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing IG acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
. "i^'u °S ='.g="'.''en ol'one acre containing valuable fruits
&c. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good slate of cultivation, wiih a good orchard of excellent
Iruit. tor terms and particulars inquire of Messrs I OT
WHEELRIGHT Jlf SON, 4G Central Wharf™ GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises.

COMPLETE PARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST.

George C. Barrett and Russell, Odiorne X- Co"
have in press a ne^v edition of the Complete Farmer and Rm-iU
^conomist by Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor of the
Nevv England Farmer, revised and improved with considerable
T!f- -T^" *"■" ^''"'°" ^'^^ published last season, and
was sold within a few months of the publication. This ^apid
sale, and the sentiments universally expressed by those who
have read the work, show that the public place a hl^h value
uponit The new edition will be ready for delivery about ihe
nrst of May.

FINE DAHLIAS.

K splendid collection of Double Dahlias for sale at the
New England Seed Store, by GEO. C. BARRETT, a 15.

MORUS MULTICAULIS.

Trees of the above new variety of the Mulberry for sale by
the subscriber at ,lJ40 |)er hundred, ^5 per dozeii, and 50 cts.
each, being about six feel high. Orders solicited

Feb. 18. GEO. C. BARRETT.

HERDS GRASS, OR TIMOTHY SEED.

200 RusHMLs Herds Grass .-^eeds, growth of 1834, of very
good quality and unusually bright and clean, just received and
for sale at the New England Seed Store, 51 t 52 North Market
s'reeL GEO. C. BARRETT.

Jan. 7.

COMPLETE SET OF THE FARMER.

For sale at this office, one complete set of the New England
Farmer, comprising twelve volumes, neatly a: d well bound
and perfect. Price ,^3 25 per volume, cash. Feb. IS. '

GREEN HOUSE GLASS,

Of superior thickness with every quality of Window Glass
for sale by LORIIVG .^- KUPFER, No. 10 .Merchants' Row
Jan. 23. ?„-; :

B36

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

APRII- 39) 1833.

SffiSS^I33£.J£.^»^='

(From the Old Colony Reporter.]
SPRING.

Welcome, delicious, laughing Spring,

With all thy starry train ;
Fanned by thy gentle zephyr's wing.

Earth wakes to life again.
Thy radiant gems around us shine.

O'er vale and lawn and lea.
And flowers their brightest leaves entwine

In coronals for thee.

The tiny brooks flow gaily on,

Loosed from their jcy chains ;
The trees their dark green foliage don.

And beauty decks the plains.
From every leaf, and plant, and flower,

Pure odors now ascend.
As incense to that genial power

Thy presence ever lends.

Soft on the south wind sweetly floats

The melody of birds.
Commingling in a thousand notes.

More beautiful than words.
And as the song of jubilee

Comes on the gentle gale,
We join the joyous minstrelsy,

And gladly cry all hail !

All fitfully thy bright skies gleam,

While clouds of rosy hue,
Like golden curtains, intervene

To dim the gorgeous view.
O beautiful indeed thou art,

Sweet, bright, delicious Spring !
And the pure off"erings of the heart

To thee in verse we bring.

to meet every necessary expense, but to accumu-
late a very handsome sum for time of need. In
one town in Massachusetts, Lowell, there are be-
tween five and six thousand young females em-
ployed in the factories. Large numbers of them
are professing Christians, and adoru their profes-
sion by orderly lives. They are liberal contribu-
tors to those objects of Christian charity which, at
the present day, appeal so forcibly to the heart of
every friend of the Saviour. After remaining in
these abodes of industry a few months or years,
they are found scattered over the land, the wives
and mothers of our most useful citizens.— Mw
England and her Institutions.

THE FARMER'S FAMILY.

The farmers in the older settlements of the
country have generally good houses, and enjoy a
degree of substantial comfort hardly surpassed
by that of any other class of the community.
Their children in New England are almost with-
out exception well educated. They generally
form matrimonial connexions in early life, and
either settle down on a farm near home, or emi-
.rrate to the uncultivated lan.ls of the West.
Hence originates a great difficulty in obtaining fe-
male servants, or, as they are now usually called,
domestics. The farmer's daughter lias,no induce-
ment to go out to service. Her father is in com-
fortable circumstances; she is surrounded by
friends and is useful and happy at home. She is
perhaps more independent than the daughter of
the city merchant, and feels no more inducement
than she to go out to service. Why then should she
leave these comforts and enjoyments ? The scarci-
ty of servants is one of the most signal proofs of
the wide-spread prosperity of this land. If they
wish to engage in profitable employment, they can
generally do far better than to go into the kitchens
of the wealthy. The factories hold out a most
powerful inducement. The pecuniary compensa-
tion is far greater than most families can aflord to
give. The factory girl of America is a very diffe-
rent person from the factory girl of some other
countries. She is respected by lier employers, and
respects herself. Her wages not only enable her

MY MOTHER.

My mother has been for many years among the
glorified in heaven. Her look, her manner, her
Tones of voice are all embalmed in my memory.
The most distinct impression of these ever made,
and the one which is the most vivid m my eye,
was implanted when I was quite a small boy. I
cannot readily tell how old I was — perhaps six
or seven The circumstances are fresh in my rec-
coUection as if they had occurred yesterday. It
was a cool evening in autumn— the fire burned
very briskly on the old kitchen hearth. My moth-
er sat in the corner of the fire-place at tlie right
and just upon her lefl hand I had seated myself
upon the large stone hearth in front of the fire,
with my hammer amusing myself in bendmg a
piece of wire for carrying on my childish sports.
I was exceedingly animated at my work — after
watching me for some time, she dropped her
knitting in her lap, and in a mellow, subdued tone,
such as mothers only can use, she said, " My son,
I wish I could see you as much engaged in serving
Jesus Christ, as you are at your play. She said
not another word. But it went directly to my
heart — I turned round and slily wiped a tear
from my eye, and resumed my task. My wicked
heart had even then pride enough to prompt a wish
to conceal my tears, yet the arrow remained in my
bosom, and though many a long year passed
away before I began in reality to serve Jesus
Christ, the scene upon the kitchen hearth was
never driven from my mind. In all the folly of
childhood, and wildness of youth, it returned at
intervals to haunt my soul. It was just about one
full year afler my mother had gone home to glory,
that I first gave myself to the hand of Jesus. O,
I would have given all this world had it been mine,
could I at that moment have taken the wings of a
dove and flown away, where I could mingle, for
an hour, with her happy spirit, that I might reca
to her recollection the scene passed on the oUl
kitchen hearth. I seldom think of her except in
.■onncxion with that scene. The fixedness o her
large blue eyes, her look, her mel ow and subdu-
ing tones, her very gesture, as she dropped her
knitting upon her lap -are all present to my eye
It is no picture of the imagination. Aftei the
apse of more than a quarter of a century I love
to drop a tear as I think of that hour.

Should this simple story meet the eye of any
mother, I would say to her, remember how indel-
ible a e the impressions which a single word
from your lips may make in the bosom of your
child. And though you may know it not, till the
judgment day reveal it, still the seed sown may
brifg forth its precious fruit long after. you shall
sleep in the dust. -JV. 1'. Evangelist.

Wm. PRINCE & SONS,
Near New York, will forward their new Calalogues, toi(ft
veru reduced prices, to every applicant. No. 1.— Fruit and
Oriiamental Trees and Flowering Planls. No. -.— Uouble
Dahlias and Bnlbous Flowers. No. 3.— Garden, AgncuUural
and Flower Seeds, compiising ihe most extensive assorlrnent
of every class. Of the Dahlia above 300 varieties, including
all Ihe striped and variegated kinds, and assorlmenls of one
dozen named varieties, selected by us, will be supplied at .(,
4 1-2 and ISO, according lo rarily, &c. Tree Roses gralteil
3 to 4 feet high, of 50 varieties, and a few dozen ol Harrisons
new double Yellow Rose, which flowers profusely. lU.OOU
cutlin.'s of the Chinese Mulbcrrv, prepared lor planting, at S«
per 100 or gCOper 1000, lo purchasers of which the secret will
be imparted, calculated to cause nearly all to grow.

Also. 35 bushels Italian Lolch seed, a superior grass re-
cenlly introduced-20 bushels SpringTares-1,800 lbs While
Dulcli Clover seed— 2,000 lbs Provence Lucerne— 500 lbs 1 n-
folium incarnatum, or early Crimson Clover, aflordmg the ear-
liest pasturage.

To Nurseries, and others making large purchases, a ve^

liberal discount will be made, and a convenient credit allowed.

Orders must be sent direct per mail, and will receive prompt

.. ,. „ .)[« april 15.

attention. -^^ ^

NANKIN & CANTON STRAW CARPETING.

'eliab Stone Brewer, No. 414 Washington street, has
constantly on hand a large assortment of Slraw Carpeting, of
various qualities and widths, among which are—
2500 yards superfine Nankin, 6-4
2000 do. do. do. 5-4

3500 do. Canton do. 6-4
4500 do. do. do. 5-4

1 case German Table Mats, a new and superfine
, , April 1.
article. _^

TO NURSERYMEN.

The subscriber wishes lo relinquish the charge of his exten-
sive Nurseries to a lenan!, or share it with a competent associ-
ate. A green house is contemplated as an appendage to the
establishment. O. FISKL.

Worcester, March 16, 1835. - . . ,.

The stock of Cows, Team, and Implements of Agriculture,
may be taken with the Fa. m at a fair valuation. 1' eh. ~0-

TO LiET,

On a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed upon, a
Farm, containing one hundred acres ol Land suitable for a
Da4y wilh dwelTing house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
site a good orchar3, and well watered The situalion is .wo
miles from the city of New Haven, m the Parish ol Hampde n,
?or lurlher parliiulars address (post paid) lo No 265 bo
post oflice. New Haven. teb.io.

TO IiET,

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land situated one
mile from ihe cily of New Haven-very desirable as a Dairy,
a great pan being pasture, and produces good hay. There is
afouage, and ev'ery requisite building, all newly erected, and
mav be had for such term of years as may l;e agreed upon, al
a Moderate rent. Address No. 265, Post Office, INew^Haven,
(post paid,)

FRESH WHITE MUI-BERRY SEED.

Just received at the New England Seed Store, 51 Sf 5J

''Tqu'!!nt;'of'f".'h and,genuine White Mulberry-seed, frc^
one of the greatest Mulberry Orchards in Conneciicul, warrant-
ed new anS good, <lireclions accompanymg each package^
Dec. 31,1834. GEO. C. KAKKai i.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at g3 per annuitj
pavable al Ihe end of the year -but those who pay wilhh
sixly days from the lime of' subscribing, are entitled to a d.

''"cr No'^ paperwilT be sent to a distance without payme^'
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
Neil) York—<r, C. Thorburn, 67 Liberty-street
>l/ian«— Wm . Thokbukn, 347 Market-street.
iSllpMa-X) &■ C. Landbkth, 85 Chesnul-sireet
B Uimor-i. 1 H.TCHCOCK, Publisher of American Farmi
ri cZLli-S. C. Parkhurst, 23 Lower Markel-slreet.

Middlelmrii, y«.-VViGHT Chapman Merchant.
//arf/hrd-Gooi.wiN.V Co. Booksellers.
iVewi«n/;)ort-EnKNF.7.KR Stedman, Bookseller.
pXmmth, N. K-JOHN W. Foster, Bookseller.
Woodstock. Vt.—i. A. Pratt.

g:^^:1^l!!i^;.rti::;:";:^fEsq.Editor of Recorder
St. io!/!s— Geo. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTIiE AND WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.
ORDERS FOR PRINTING BECElTED BY THE PHBLISHI

EW EJ^CJJLAMB FAMMEK

AND GARDENER' S JOURNAL

f

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 WORTH MARKE-TstrT^ /a .., ^^^^^^^^

' " "'^^"^'^^ °"^^^^> (Agricultoral Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSF.NDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 6, 1835.

NO 43,

(For the New England Farmer.]

htfl-uence: op thk mooiv on timber, &c.

T. G. Fessenden, Esq. — Sir: — The inflii

ence of the moon, is a very iini)opiilar subject to
treat upon with some people ; but that it is a ne-
cessary and valuable planet in our system, is made
certain to me in various ways ; one i§ when I
have been travelling over a bad road in the night,
the light of the moon has been very beneficial
and I think that it could not be called folly in me'
to make use of the light which it afforded, to di-
rect mo with safety over dangerous places ; and
that its influences can be observed with but little
Itnore trouble, in other respects, such as felling
itimber for durability, and some kinds of vccta"
ition, than in the above case of travelliufr. Now
if the gentleman, nnder bints to farmers" in a late
number of your very useful journal, will take the
trouble to cut two white pine poles to put on his
fence, one a few days after the moon has changed,
the other in the last quarter, if he docs not let the
moon know of his cutting them, she will let iiim
know which part of his conduct is most approva-
ple : the former will be all eaten with worms, while
he latter will be sound and good, and last 'longer
hsn three of the other.

I will now state some facts that have fallen
jnder my particular notice within the la=t ..'.a
ears. In March last, six years ago, I was called
) make a cider press for a man about eight miles
■oni home. When I arrived at his house, I was
liown a stick of rock maple timber to set the
:rews in. The tree was twenty inches in diam-
:er; in working it I found it in a green state, bark
id wood. It looked as if it had been fallen but
few months; but in conversation with liim
3out the timber, he informed me that the tree
as cut down in the last quarter of the moon in
ugnst, eighteen months before ; it bad lain in
e woods where it was felled. I was surprised
the appearance of the timber, knowing the
igar maple to be of that species of wood that
ill perish as soon as any wood that I know of,
t down at certain times in the year or the moon!
y employer also showed me a white maple lo-'
lied for fire wood ; it was felled on the last quar!
: of the.moou, in January, fifteen months be.
re, that was in a perfectly green state, all but
e or two feet of each end, which were dead
t perfectly sound. Eleven years before. Dr.
Griswold of Fryeburg, applied to me to repair
top press for him, and I went. He had pro-
red a red or intervale maple stick for a heam
:ently felled, much the same ns a white maple.
I was not at home ; I began to work upon it!
soon as he came home, I told him 1 could do
ter for him than to put in a new beam. He
•eed with me ; I left working it and repaired his
press. It was hewed and the holes were beat-
through for the screws. He said he could sell
nd meet with no loss, the timber was in as good
lation as it could be, being hewed and kept
ler his wood-shed to season for one year. The
;t year he sold it, and I was applied to, to set

the screws in it. I went to work upon it, which
was struck entirely through with the white rot. I
told my employer I thought it worth le.«s ; I set
the screws, and it has answered, being kept dry
under cover. By looking over a file of old alma-
nacs, I find that the latter stick was cut on the
first quarter of the moon, in September about the
same time in the year, and both lying in' the
shade.

The influence of the moon to some of us
" down east," is in other respects very evident ; in
our sugar making business ; in the month of June
and July, on the first quarter of the moon we peel
birch bark to make little tubs of, to catch the sap
from the sugar trees, which comes oft" with much
greater facility at that time of the moon than any
other. For the last six years I have been making
very particular observations on cutting timber for
durability. Any sort of timber cut on tlie last
quarter of the moon, or within the last ten days
of her age, will endure the changes of weather as
long again, and many sorts three or four times as
long, as when cut on the first seven days. Our
stave makers know, that timber cut on the first
seven days of the moon's age, the sap part will
powder post, and be worthless.

The gentleman ship owner who complained of
the white rot in ship-timber, I will venture to say
would not be troubled with it, if his timber were
felled on the last ten days of the moon's age, and
at a proper season of the year. Some respect
ought to be paid to the season of the year ; I
strongly suspect that trees felled when the leaves
are growing would he much more liable to the
white rot, than when they are not growing or off"
the trees. It has been made certain that there is
very little alkali in ashes made from wood felled
from the middle pf May to the month of August.
Potash can be made by making use of double the
quantity of ashes. Common soft soap cannot be
made unless by the use of quick lime, and then
not certain.

Inferences. — If wood would live so much
longer felled on the last quarter of the moon, I
thought it would be a good time to take up young
trees for transplanting, which I have done with
much greater success than I ever had done before.
I have cut scions and set them with like success.
The above items have fallen under my particular
notice, since I made the man's cider press, and
although simple as, the above facts seem, I place
implicit confidence in them, generally, and if I
can add but the small sum of two mites to the
Agricultural Treasury, I shall think myself well
paid. The above is presented from a very hum-
ble source, and if you think it worth an insertion
it is atj-our service. Yours very respectfully.

James Walker^
Fryeburg, Me., JlpAl, 16, 1835.

[For the New England Farmer.
BEE HOtrSES.

T. G. Fesse.nde.v, Esq.— Sir,_A gentleman
from Thomaston, asks for information respecting

a bee-house. I was in hopes that some one more
experienced than myself would have given the
desired information ; but seeing none I will freely
give the information I am i)Osscssed of. I think
there is no occasion for the expense of putting up
a building for that particular use. He may make
a closet in his barn, or any of his out-houses or
in his garret ; it must be made tight, that the
bees cannot get out into the building ; if they
should, they can be stopped in by a little lime
mortar or some other substitute. I will descrih,;
one which my son made in our barn. Wo built
a new burn, high posted, the floor way goes in at
the west, and over the floor is a chamber to re-
ceive the grain as it comes from the field and far
threshing it out. The barn .'Stands on descending
grouni, and we have a cellar under the whole
of it.

In the chamber we made the bee closet m
the east end, which is about 26 feet from the
ground ; the size is 4 feet by 6 long, and it is
large enough ; we put into it t^vo swarms about
one year ago, one in each, and the door to go into
it out of the chamber in the middle. We raised
it two feet from the floor of the chamber ; we
bored holes with an half inch auger, sufiicien't for
them to go in or out at; there must be room below
thelov.-rl.plf for the hive. The shelves were
made of strips of board, two inches wide an<l
placed nearly the same distance apart ; the bees
worked separately and very busily all summer ;
when it came cold weather my younger sons said'
the bees had left one of the hives. I went to ex-
amine and found not a live bee or a dead one in
or about one hive ; I took a bushel basket full of
comb and some few pounds of honey ; there was
a great deal of what is called bees' bread in it, with
the cells uncovered. I concluded that when they
congregated together they carried all tlie honey
into the other hive that they could. They
have wintered the best I think I ever had any ;
there are no dead bees under the hive where they'
are ; we have taken away the other hive and there
is considerable honey in it. There was no trouble
about their swarming last season ; they are very
lively now and appear to be doing well. I should
advise to set the hive two inches from the floor
that if there should be dead bees they miu-ht be
swept out ; there appears to be as much comb on
the outside of the hive remaining, as there was
outside of the one we took away. The cost of
the above was a mere trifle, and within the com-
pass of every farmer. They have been there but
one year ; how they will prosiier, time must only
bring forth.

As to the distance between the shelves 12
or 15 inches will be sufficient. Their uniting
together, leads me to conclude if there had been
more separate swarms they would have all united
when the weather became too cold for them
to work.

I submit the above with much respect.

James Walker.
Fryeburg, Me., April 15, 1835.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAY 6, 1835.

CXJIiTURE OP THE MULBERRY.

It oeems to be a matter well established, that at I
least the white mulbeny will do well in our state.
We wish we could aflirra as n.uch of the Morus
nu.lticaulis,bulour experience compels us to say
that its success in the northern sections of tins
state, is at least doubtful. The next que.fon to he
solved is, can the silk business be rcndert-d profit-
able ^ That it can, in families, who have females
and children, who will gather the leaves and take
care of the worms, we have no manner of doubt
The last Farmer's Register contams an mterest.ng
letter upon the subject of silk culture translated
from the French, which the restncted 1>""«^ f J'
monthly sheet prevent our pubhshmg nt deta,^
as it does many other articles ot mteres . It is
written by Mr Carrier of Averyon, into which de-
partment the silk business has been recen dy
Introduced, to M. Bonafons, director of the royal
garden at Turin, giving an accotint among other
fhings, of the products and profits of his silk
business in 1833. This is stated in the follow-

ins extract. , . „ ,

"I will now show yon," says the writer, "the

account of the sale of my silk of 1832.1 shall

take care to substract the expense, and you may

see the clear profit,

29 1-5 kilograms white silk at 65

francs the kilogram, l.»-^"*- •'"<'.

2 11-12 inferior silk, at 18 francs the

, ., 44 95
kUogram,

leaves, at four francs the (luintal. Well, th.s
proprietor could have obtained from half a hec-
tare (about Id acres) of ground, with no other
expense than that of cultivating the trees, a
revenue of 640 francs, or 320f. for each seteree,
composed of 940 square fathoms.

The person who would have bought this
quantity of leaves, to devote himself to the
raisin- of silk worms, would have had (as 1
did) 028 pounds of cocoons and would have sold
them at If. 20c. a pound according to the course
of that time: this sale would have
produced

Deduction of expenses, purchase ot
about 8 ounces of eggs, at 3 francs
the ounce,
Expenses af all kinds

1392f. 00c,

for the management,
Price of 160 quintals

of leaves, at 4f.
Rent of the room,

24f. 00c.
171 75

540 00
60 00

His part of the profits for 40 days'

attendance,
The filature who buys the cocoons,

obtains a quantity of silk equal

to mine and sells it in the same

manner,
He draws from the remains,

Deduct for portage

l,884f. 55c,
16 00

895f 76c.
496 25

1,937 85
115 00

l,983f. 55c.

l,868f. 55.C
Value of the different remains, coming
from the remains of the filatures
used at my house, H^ 00

Sum realized.

For the expense of manage-
ment, 171f. 75c.

For the filature reel-
ing, 263 85

Profit,

1,983 65f.

436 60

Total,

It is necessary to deduct from this

sum, at the cost of 928 pounds of

cocoons, at If. 50c. 1392f. 00c.

Expenses of the filature 263 85

■ 1,655 So

l,548f. 95c,

Clear gain of the winder 327f. 70c.

The laborer with a family, takes for his share
the remainder of this filature, employs !"« ^■f';
and children to wind the low and different
qualities of silk, which are in much request
and readily sold. These products can be valued
after having received all the suitable work at 1651.
Deduction for the purchase of the
first materials 50f.

Hand work, although gained by

the family. ^0 ^^

» To appreciate the advantages of the culture
of the mulberry, one must remember that tins
sum 1,548 francs of profit, (after dednctmg all ex-
penses,) is the product of leaves furnished by
Irees which have occupied for eight years, on
an average, a piece of ground, rather less than
half a hectare, or at most two setcrees, a local

measure." ,

The kilogramme is two pounds and two
ounces and four grains, avoirdupois; the Iranc
is 181 cents ; the c. (centime) one hundred h
part of a franc;' the half hectare is about IJ
acres. Hence, the gross product in silk, from one
and a quarter acres iu mulberries, was 694 lbs.,
which sold for 8350,25, or about $5 the pound,
an<l after paying all expenses, afforded to the pro-
prietors a nctt profit in one year, of about

$290,40. . , , „

We quote again from M. Carrier's letter:
" The i.roprietor who wishes to occupy a plan-
tation of mulberry trees, supposing he had al-
ready at his disposal a quantity equal to those
which I stripped last spring, and in the same
condition, that is, producing 160 quintals of

Profit, including his work, already paid, 85f.
" A simple recapitulation will make the result
better understood than this division of the labor,
which division certainly agrees in many cases,
with the taste or situation of persons who neither
wish, nor are able, to undertake all parts of the

business.

The land owner who sells 160 quin-

■ tals of leaves at 4f receives 640f. 00c.

The person who buys them and man-

ages the raising gains 49b J.0

The winder who takes charge of the

cocoons, winds them and receives 33- -0

The laborer who works up the re-

mains does it for 30f, and gains besides 85 00

Sum equal to the total profit which 1

have made by the union of all

these operations, lv548f 95c.

The calculations which I have just presented,
speak loudly enough without my adding the least
observation to make the evidence more sure ; 1
will only sav, one of the great benefits of this di-

rection of industry is to make a considerable mass^j
of work for all classes of society, and for all ages. I
A plantation of mulberry trees may soon beob-l
tained, by procuring the young trees from thel
nurseries,' or by sowing the seed. An ounce o^
seed will produce from two to three thousand
plants. Sow early in May, upon a bed of good
earth, well pulverized, in a drill a foot apart ; cover!
with half an inch of fine mould, compress the^
surface lightly with a hoe, that the soil may bet-J
ter retain moisture and come in contact with th$
seeds, and if the weather is dry, water occasion-
ally to aid germination, and to enable the youn^
roots to get firm hold of the earth ; to keep the
I bed free from weeds, and after one or two yeari
I prune out the plants in nursery rows, three fee«
apart, and in two years more they will be fit to
set out where they are to remain permanently.

THE SI1.K CULTURE.

The following letter, written by the venerable
Jud-e Spencer, of New York, relates to a subject
of growing importance to the people of this coun-
try, and one for which the same eminent and en.
li-htened citizen labored, though unsuccessfully,
to obtain the fostering aid of the Government
when his State had the honor to be represented
by him in Congress.— Argus.

CULTURE AND MANUFACTURE OF SILK.

Albany, April 7, 1835.

From a long acquaintance, and as I believe, i
reciprocal esteem and friendship, I have though
that 1 could not better employ a leisure hour
than in addressing you on a topic which I regar.
as of high importance to our fellow citizens
You will not suspect me of insincerity or Hat
terv when I assure you that I know no maj
whom I believe to have more enlightened views
or more ardent patriotism than you. Hence th
propriety of my selecting you as a corresponded
ou the interesting subject which I proceed t

^""s^nce 1830 my attention has been drawn to th
consideration of the culture of silk in this cour
try, and particularly in this State. I am pertectl
sat sfied that no agricultural pursuit will bear an
comparison with the culture of silk, as regar,
profit. I should not want a better income tlw
Ihe clear profits of an orchard of white mulbeii
trees, of twenty acres at ten years old. 1
clear nett i^rofits of such an estate would not U
short of from $3000 to $5000 annually ; and tb
profit would go on increasing with the grow
and the productiveness of the trees.

You have seen a communication made by r

to the commissioners appointed by the Govern'

,0 examine into the economy, govermnent, a

discipline of the State prisons, which has be

published, not, however, extensively. It conta)

some matter irrelevant to the culture ot si

aud omits some things interesting to those w

may embark iu the enterprise. Yoi. must h.

observed as a statist, that our annual import

silk amounts to the value of $10,000,000, and T

increase with our wealth aud population. 1

amount far exceeds the value of all our hn

stuffs exported. This consideration ought to ,

cite us to inquiry, whether such a drain from

resources of the country cannot be preveutec

new source of industry be opened, which s

in a short period supply our own wants, and*

blc us to become exporters of either raw silk,

silk fabrics.

vol.. XlII. NO. 43.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

339

I consider it as a fact dcnionstrated, that our
soil and climate is genial to the growth of the
mulberry tree, and the culture of silk. Trees of
this description are already growing and flourish-
ing in various parts of the State, and I presume
that tlie location of this State from Skeneatales
to Lake Erie, is peculiarly adapted to the mulberry
from the fact that the most delicate fruit trees
come to great perfection within that region.
Since 1760, the silk worm has been reared in
Windham county, Connecticut, which is about
the latitude of Albany. The culture of silk has
been successfully prosecuted in that county, and
it has reached to a large amount. The following
is an extract from the Daily Advertiser of the 15tli
instant : " American Silk. — Raw Silk, we learn
from the Burlington Free Press, has been produ-
ced this year in IMansfield, Connecticut, to the
amount of over .$60,000. The county of Wind-
ham, Connecticut, produces five tons of silk an-
nually, valued at $500,000, and if reeled would be
worth double that sum." If this be true, and
that it is substantially true I fully believe, the ques-
tion is settled that the soil and climate of this
State is genial to the culture of silk. It settles
also another question, that it is much the most
profitable business that can be undertaken.

We have the testimony of Mr D'Homergue, a
man born at Nismes, in France, and brought uj),
from infancy, to the reeling and manufacture of
silk, and who came to this country on the recom-
mendation of the late James Brown, then Minister
in Paris, who asserts in his essays, that he was
surprised to find the American silk superior in
quality, and the quantity yielded by the cocoons,
to any he ever saw. But, my dear sir, could you
have seen specimens of American silk exhibited in
this city a few days since, manufactured by Mr
Gay, all doubt would be removed. These speci-
mens were pronounced by the many who saw
them, to be equal, if not superior, to any silk
which had ever been seen here.

Now, sir, what are the impediments to be over-
come, in introducing the culture of silk extensively
in this State ? And here let me observe that there
is no danger of overdoing the business; there will
always he a demand in England for all we can
raise beyond our own wants ; where, from the
humidity of the climate, or other causes, the silk
worm is not reared.

It is necessary to devote a small space of good
and fertile ground, as a nursery in which to sow
the seeds. It is computed that one ounce of seed,
properly sown, after the ground is thoroughly
ploughed, or dug and harrowed, or raked and
sown, in drills, at about three feet apart, will give
ibout five thousand young trees. They require
to be kept free Irora weeds and injury from cat-
tle. At two years of age, they are generally fit
For placing in an orchard, at the distance of from
seven to twelve feet, at right angles — and here the
abor of man terminates. All the subsequent cul-
ure may be conducted by women and children.
They pluck the leaves, and feed and tend the
ivorms until the cocoons are formed ; so that you
Jerceive the culture of silk detracts nothing from
igriculture.

The greatest embarrassment, hitherto, has been
he extracting or reeling the silk from the cocoons.
The reels of France and Italy, and indeed of all
)arts of the world, receive the thread, which con-
iists of the fibres of several cocoons, according to
he requirement of tlie fabric to be made, in skeins,

which must be spooled before it can be twisted.
Two of our countrymen, Messrs Gay and Mosely,
have invented a reel which receives the thread on
spools, and thus the labor and wastage of the old
process is avoided. Mr Gay assures me that an
ingenious woman can be taught, in a short time,
to reel, on his reel, with great perfection. A great
advantage of reeling on spools consists in its safe
and easy carriage any distance without injury.
We have, therefore, surmounted the most difficult
process in the whole operation.

These gentlemen have also employed the sev-
eral machines in use in France and England in
the manufacture, .so that it will rerpiire but a com-
paratively small capital to establish manufactories
of silk in this coimtry.

When we consider how admirably adapted to
silk are County Poor-house establishments; how
the wants of the poor may be mitigated by induc-
ing them, also, to enter on the culture, by obtaining
leaves of the mulberry from their rich neighbors;
how the middle classes of society may improve
their condition by entering on the culture of silk;
I feel, I confess, a strong desire to be able to per-
suade people to lose no time in laying the founda-
tion of their culture, by immediately setting about
it hi earnest, and not to let anything hinder them
from sowing the mulberry in the manner indicated
this spring.

The morus alba, or white mulberry, I am satis-
fied is the most proper for making the best silk ;
the purple mulberry, which is indigenous to some
parts of our country, although it will make silk,
yet it is not of as good a quality. The morus mul-
licaulis, or Chinese mulbeiry, has recently been
introduced into this country, but it is api)rehended
that it will not withstand our rigorous winters ;
and as the common white mulberry will withstand
them, and make excellent silk, I should not recom-
mend the propagation of the Chinese.

I forbear saying anything on the mode of rear-
ing the worm. I am satisfied that it does not
require the care and pains to i-ear it in this country,
which the precepts of Count Dandalo would im-
ply. In due time, instructions will be given level
to every capacity. May I not count on your co-
operation in this most imjiortant subject.
With sincere respect and esteem,

Yours, A. Spencer.

To S. M. Hopkins, Esq. Geneva, Ontario Co.

GARDENERS' WORK FOR MAY.

[By T. G. F.— From the llonicultural Begisier.]
Frdit Gakden and Orchard. — Now, is perhaps,
the most suitable time in the year for pruning trees. The
period immediately before, or commensurate with the
rising of the sap is to be preferred for this operation. If
however, pruning is commenced when the tree is young,
and is properly and seasonably attended to, it will rarely
be necessary to take off a large limb, and small limbs, if
cut close and smooth may betaken off at any season.
The time of the year for grafting, as well as pruning, is
when the sap of the stock has begun to move in the
spring, and just before the bud has unfolded. For di-
rections see New American Gardener, p. 143. Water
newly planted fruit trees, if the weather boat all dry.
Give water so copiously as to reach the roots, and some-
times water the tops as well as the roots. To preserve
the earth moist about the roots of trees recently planted,
it has been recommended to place about them some
litter from the stables, or the shives of flax, over which
may be placed a httle loam or inverted sods to keep the

shives or litler from being blown away by wind. These
will keep the ground moist beneath them, especially if
watered now and then. With a syringe, or garden en-
gine, sprinkle or shower your fruit trees with soap
suds, or a weak alkaline solution at le^st once, better
twice a week during all the earlier part of the season.

Attack insects by sprinkling over the plants infested
by them, by means of a syringe, watering pot, or garden
engine, simple water, soap suds, decoctions of tobacco,
of elder, &c. &c.

The borders and surface of the ground in general
where fruit trees grow, should be kept very clear from
weeds by the application of a sharp hoe, in a dry day,
and as soon as hoed, rake off all the weeds and carry
them to the compost bed, or bury them beneath rows of
plants instead of permitting them to dry and waste away
in the open air.

ViNEvARD. — Where suckers from the roots or shoots,
from the under part of the stems of grape vines appear
let them be carefully and immediately stripped off. Wdst
of the work if attended to in due season, may be done
by hand, but where that will not answer, you may now
use the knife with safety if vegetation is well advanced ;
for although these plants bleed profusely eariy in spring
when destitute of leaves, yet when the foliage is fully ex-
panded the e.-shalation carries off the fluid or it is expen-
ded in the growth of the plant, and it will, therefore, not
escape from a wound made in pruning.

All the shoots which bear fruit, and those which are
suitable for next year's bearing, when grown sufiiciently
long, should be carefully tied up to stakes. It will
not, at this time be advisable to undertake to hoe or
plough the ground between the vines, lest the blossoms
or young shoots should be injured. But after the vines
have been tied up, towards the end of this or the begin-
ning of the next month, clear the ground thoroughly of
weeds either by the hoe, plough or cultivator.

Nursery.— Attend to destroying weed before their seeds
are ripened. " Weeds should never be suffered to grow
between rows of trees, &c., for these rob them of a great
portion of the necessary nourishment ; nor should you
for the same reason ever plant there any kitchen vegeta-
ble, as is practised by some unskilful and slovenly persons.
'* The seed-beds of all young trees and shrubs, should
now in particular be kept remarkably free from weeds,
and this must always bo done by a very careful hand
weeding." — M'Mahun.

Look to vohb grafted trees. — Loudon says, ■' In
a month after grafting it may be ascertained whether
the scion has united with the stcok, by observing the
progress of its buds ; but, in general it is not safe to re-
move the clay for three months or more, till the graft is
completely cicatrized." Those which are not well
united may have the bandage slackened and fresh clay
applied as at first; or the clay and composition may be
applied without the bandage in order to preserve tlie
wounds from the weather. Seedlings in pots and tubs
of the most delicate plants should now be kept in the
shade, in the middle of the day, but allowed the morning
sun till nine or ten o'clock, and that of the afternoon,
after four ; they must be frequently watered and kept
free from weeds.

Flower Garden. — First week. Sow all kinds of
annuals and on fine days give plenty of air to the tender
plants advanced under glass. Towards the middle and
latter end of the month put out balsams, cypress vines,
amaranthus, and other flowers intended for especial culti-
vation, replacing them under the glass, and shading them
the first few days, until the new fibres have taken hold
of the earth. Destroy all appearances of weeds in the
flower beds.

%UQ

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

CHEESE.

Process used by C. Vaughan, Esq., of Ilallowcll
in tlie making of cliecse.

1st. If possible to make cliecse nt cacli

milkiiifl- .„ , I

To heat a small quantity of the milk so as toj
l.ringthe milk taken from the cows to the beat ot
96 tleg., which is the temperalin-c of the milU as it
comes from the cow.

3. To use liquid rennet, and to make the cheese
of equal quality. The rennet sliould be prepared
the first of the season and kept in small bottles ;
and, it being of equal strength, it ought to be used
by measure, according to the gallons of milk to

be turned. , ./. i ij

4 When turned to curd, a wooden kuife should
be passed across the curd in the tub, and when
the whey .is properly separated it should be placed
in a basket in which a strahier is first placed.

5 When strained it should be broken up into
small particles, but not hard squeezed, and then
salted, and put into the cheese hoop.

f, It is then to be put into the press, and the
pressure to be gentle at first, and gradually m-
crea-^ed, and turned twice each day : the last pres-
sure may be considerable. In this manner the
rich part of the cheese is kept in at first, and at
the last, the moisture is pressed out, which m the
common mode is dried out, by time.

7 The cheeses after they are taken out, should
be put where there is air, and where the flies can-
not get to them, and turned and rubbed over twice
a day. The outside ought to be rubbed with but-
ter—some use fat pork— The cheeses treated in
this manner have been better fit for use in three
months, than common cheeseg in nine mouths.

The press best fitted is a lever or beam press
made out of timber 7 or S inches square and ten
feet long. The end is secured by a strong pin
between two upright pieces, and when parallel
with the bench it is over, it should be as far ai-art
as to admit the largest cheeses that may be made,
with the follower to go under at the heel. Ihe
cheese when first put under, should be put as far
from the heel as.possible and light weighed— every
time it is turned it should he put further under
and the fourth time, which is the end of the second
dav, it should be as near to the lieels as possible.
When two cheeses were made in a day, they
were put in one press. There is a simple and
new kind of press which is said to have the quality
of pressing as much or as little as is wanted.

There are several English receipts for prepar-
ing rennet. The rennet one season was prepared
bv^soaking the bags in brine, and all the liquor
was then mixed and put into small bottles, well
corked and kept for use.— Moine Farmer.

ORNAMENTAl. TREES.

» There is a pleasure in the pathless woods,"
says Byron, but there is none in the woodless
paths. It must be confessed that naked streets
are particularly uninteresting, and be tliere never
so many of them, and as broad mid straight soever
as you may phrase, still they add nothing to the
beauty and picturesqueness of a town. A bald
head is not comely, neither is a street seemly
which is not 'well set with trees.

We say not this as intimatuig that Augusta is
much behind her neighbors in regard to embel-
lishments, but rather as suggesting that she ought
to lead off in this respect. We wish to see every
highway and street, every homestead and house-

lot tastefully decorated with our forest trees, than
which none are more graceful and becoming in
shape, or rich and luxuriant in foliage. The elm,
the oak, the fir, the spruce, the maple, ash, and
juniper, are all beautiful in their kind, and, what
is more, within the reach of the means ot the
least of our proprietors. Why then will not every
man take the hint, and by stocking his land with
handsome trees, thus beautify the town, while at
the same time he is enhancing the value ol his
pro])erty. It is idle to cavil at the expense, when
trees can be transplanted and warranted to live
at the cheap rate of $3,00 per dozen. It is a
debt which civilization owes to our native soil to
restore to it some of those ornaments of which
it once boasted a profusion. }l is not right that
the genius of improvement should be so unmind-
ful to cherish some representatives of the magnifi-
cent wilderness which it has spirited away. _

We should not suficr any gifts to be despised,
nor any privilege to be unenjoyed. Nature under
all circumstances was mepnt to be improved, and
the traces of art are never unwelcome save when
it defeats the purposes, and refuses to follow the
suggestions of Nature. Self-love, one would think
would prompt to this improvement, as we value
the luxury of sliady streets in summer, the priv-
ilege of witnessing the marks of elegant taste, and
the sweet tones of the » tongues in trees" when
the birds are singing. Besides there is no compli-
ment that can be addressed to friends and straii-
o-ers who chance among us, and whose favorable
opinion we profess to love, half so acceptable nor
half so well aj.preciated as that which is conveyed
by contributions to the pleasures of sense. What
attracts the attention of a stranger sooner, or pleases
him more, than streets overiiung with branches
and houses veiled with leaves. Why do travellers
uniformly pronounce such towns as Northampton,
New Haven, Cambridge, Norridgewock, and the
like, exceedingly beautiful, but for the very adorn-
ments of which we speak ?— While our citizens
are growing in wealth and becoming enlivened
with new and vigorous enterprise, let us not neg-
lect the means of beautifying a town so suscep-
tible of iniprovement as our owi). We boast a
character for sobriety and intelligence, let us ac-
quire celebrity for taste and public .spirit.

We are happv to hear that one individual has
contracted for 500 trees to adorn and give valiie
to his grounds, and we hojie so good an example
will not be unheeded. — Age.

MAY a, 1835,

The beneficial effect of lime as a manure is so
generally admitted, that to deny its operation in
any instance, is hazarding the charge of skepti-
cism ; nevertheless, there are cases in which the
zealous farmer is sadly disappointed in the result
Whether it be owing to the soil in a limestone re- .
gion of the country, being already saturated with,
lime, so as to effervesce strongly with acids, or to
some deleterious quality of it, as magnesia, &c.,
the result is often different from the generally re-
ceived opinion. Lime should therefore be used
experimentally: at first in small quantities, to sqe.
what effect it has, and increased afterwards as the
result indicates it should be. It is unnecessary as
an adjunct to putrespent manures, in the first in-
stance, whose softer parts will easily decompose
without ; but should it not be used as an alternate
manuring to succeeding Mops, to dissolve the
coarse parts of vegetables, which will not easily
dissolve of themselves ?

ASHES AND GYPSUM-IilME.

The following is from a communication in the
Farmers' Register.

A mixture of drawn ashes with plaster when
sown, renders the operation less distressing to the
laborers, whose eves are apt to be incommoded by
the flying of it. It also enables them to strew it
more equally, regardless of the wind which often
interrupts the operation, when sown alone, ihe
quantity used will depen.l mostly on the quantity
at command ; for persons having more than wil
afford an equal portion for the plaster, it is usua
to mix half and half, and to sow about a bushel of
the compound to the acre, or more, as the farmer
may choose, depending on the situation of his
land, whether it has been plastered before, or not
&c With the plaster and ashes may also
he mixed clover, or other grass seeds, in any pro-
portion desired, when the whole operation can be
I performed at the same time.

Maple Sdgar.— The season for making this
most delightful of all sweets is now pretty well
over. From some of the towns we have heard
comidaiuts of the snap of cold weather which
checked for a time the running of the sap ;
we believe, however, that those who commenced
boiling again on the opjiortunity afforded by the
recent warm weather, have made a pretty good
season of it. One fai'iner in Leverett made four
hundred pounds of sugar from the second running.
In favorable years it is computed that twenty
thousand pounds are made annually in that town
alone. In Monroe and other westeriy towns, the
"sugaring off" employs the whole population
during the proper season. Hundreds of sugar
trees," it is said, are set out every year, adding
not less to the beauty than the value of the
farms to which they are transplanted. The sugar
has sold this season at an average of twelve
cents per pound ; we have seen some, however,
prepared in Bernardston from the first runnings,
and of remarkable fineness and flavor, which sold
at the rate of sixteen cents. A great deal of
the New York maple sugar is refined into loaf;
it has a body and strength which make it pe-
culiarly suitable for this purpose.

Some years since there was a prospect that the

manufacture of sugar from potatoes would become

a profitable business. Tb^re was a manutactorj

about seven miles from Bellows' Fall in Vermont

and the experiment >vas tried in Jlichigan anc

New York. It was very easy to produce a sort o

honey, but the diftlculty was in making it granun

late into sugar. Could this difiiculty have beei

.rot over, the business would doubtless have bcei

profitable, for potatoes yield about as large a quan

tity of saccharine matter as of starch. There 1

a descriptioAi of the process of making potati

sugar, in one of the old numbers of Sillimaii

ma<Tazinc, which is not within our reach. }

some of our city friends would hunt it up and re

publish it, who knows but that it would set sora

inventive Yankee on the track for bringing the pc

tatoes into successful rivalry with the sugar-cane

The subject is not unworthy of a place among th

" Geoyoincs.'"— Franklin Mercury.

A correspondent recommends the rubbing ■
the limbs of the plum with soft soap, to prever
the black canker. He says ho has tried it wr
success. — Cultivator.

VOL. Xni. NO. 43.

AND GARDENER'S MAGAZINE.

34 J

IRRIGATION.

Although the principles of iirig£vtioii have been
known from time immemorial — and although ever
^ince we have had aught to do with the Far-
mer, at least once a year, we have given a few sug-
gestions upon the subject— yet our farmers in this
vicinity are slow to practise it, even when they are
most conveniently situated for so doing. What is
irrigation? It is conveying or applying water
where we can do it conveniently for our land. TJiere
are at least two ways or modes of doing this. One
is, by flowing land and covering it with water.
Another is, by leading streams of water in circuitous
channels around and around, and about and alou"
wliere you can get it to run. Those who have low
lands with a stream running through tliera can
j^ractise the former. And those who have hill
Ir.rms can practise the latter. One farmer in this
lown,MrJI. J5. Sears, has tried and is trying the
Jitter method, and we are exceedingly mistaken if
he will not be in the end, amply paid for the trouble
1-e has taken to form the proper channels for the
water. The operation is exceedingly simple and
now is the time to practise it, because now water is
the most plenty. Suppose you have a hill side, and
the springs above you, and the rills formed by the
melting snow and rains are overflowing and coinin<'
down upon you. It spreads itself out, seeking the
depressed places and swales saturates them with
ivater, soaks your land in those places and up
jomes the aquatic grasses, or sicale grasses, as some
?all them. Now if you should examine the premi-
ses—beginning as high up as you can, and trace
ifour eye along, you would in a moment see that
^ou could cut a small furrow with your ploun-h
Jmost level, but not quite, runningthis way and tliat
;S crooked as a serpent, along which you could con-
luct the water which is now drenching your swales,
Ind thus in efiect spread it more equally over your
•remises, and receive a greater amount of benefit
rom it,— and whence arises tlie benefit ? You
now very well that water is absolutely necessary
sr the growth of plants ; you know very well that
16 roots supply the branches, and leaves, and flow-
rs, with sap ; and you know that sap is probably
otiiing more than water, having the matter ncces-
iry for the nutrition of the plant dissolved in it. All
'ater, unless it has been distilled, and even that
imetimes, holds in solution certain salts and other
latters. And these salts and certain matters are
lefood of j)lants. Without their being dissolved
ley cannot get into the exceedingly small pores or
ibes of the vegetable. A dry piece of manure
ht be for ages iu contact with a plant and do it
) good, but bring water in contact with it, and what-
rer there may be in it which can be dissolved by
aterwill be dissolved, and changed to a state fitted
pass into the roots and thence over the whole plant
id become assimilated and incorporated with it and
ake the body thereof. Now this being the case, will
not be better to spread this water vvhich would
herwise rush down in a large body together, car-
ing with it so much nutritive matter and losing it
some bog or swamp or pond, more evenly over
e soil? Carry it round in little channels, applying
reby, a little to this grass root, and a little to that

for grass roots, you are aware, make gi-asa tops, and
grass tops cut and dried and housed or rather burn-
ed, make excellent food for cattle during the winter.
We know a great many farms in this goodly state of
ours, that would be exceedingly benefitted by this
practice. Why not get about it then ? Why father
never did and I wonH.^Maine Farmer.

Rearing Calves. — Extract from a communica-
tion from Mr Thomas Midford, Hyde-Park, in tlie
Cultivator:

E. Holbrook, Esq. can now produce from twenty
to thirty calves, (raised with little expense,) eqiial
for age, size, and condition, and fine symmetry, to any
in the country, say pure jDena?!, a cross with Devoji
and Durham and Devon and Alderney, some of wliich

reach, tumeric, resin, &c. of which they will take
no more than nature requires. In the sumuier we
tuin them out on rough land ; tlie winter following
they require only ordinary care. "'

Mr Holbrook intends to send to Albany next fall fb
sale, when I shall feel honored by a personal intro-
duction by Mr Holbrook.

When the cow has dropped its calf we allow it to
suck its mother about 7 or 9 days, always careful to
milk the cow during the time the calf is sucking, to
draw off the whole of her milk during this period,
in order to promote a large soft fine bag during the
summer for the dairy use ; at the end of this time
the milk comes away freely, of a good color and
quality ; the calf is then taken from the cow, and
with the finger learned to drink, allowing it about
four quarts of skimmed milk night and morning.
The milk should stand about 12 hours before it is
skimmed, increasing till it is 6 weeks old, from then
till 10 weeks old, about 12 quarts per day ; when 10
weeks old diminish the milk for two or three weeks
and increase then from 12 to 14 weeks. During
this period, hay must be placed between split sticks,
to invite them to eat, and which very soon gives
them what is termed the cud ; likewise place small
troughs within their reach, containing wheat shorts,
tumeric, powdered yellow resin, and salt— tbe tu-
meric possessing in a moderate degree an aromatic
stimulant; the yellow resin a weak diuretic ; their
combination prevents diseases to which calves are
subject, swelled legs, yellows, &c.

I must remark, the skimmed milk given to calves
should be boiled, and stand till it cools to the tem-
perature of milk from the cow ; it is much better
boiled than warm only. Cold milk will cause a
calf to purge. If this is the case, put three spoon-
fuls of rennet into the milk, and it will stop it. If
bound, a little pork broth will loosen it. When
turned out to pasture they must be provided with
an open dry shed, containing liay, &c. to which
they will retire for shelter from storms, the powerfiil
rays of the sun, or for comforts, which nature mys-
teriously dictates to animals. Symmetry being of
great importance, to obtain this we do not allow
them to struggle through the first winter, without
care or attention ; but provide them with a com-
fortable dry shed, allowing plenty of good straw
for bedding— regularly feeding them with good hay,
ruta baga, or small potatoes, with plenty of water
atlibertum. We allow to ten calves per day, one
and a half bushels of ruta baga, or small potatoes,
smashed in a pounder immediately before feeding
them, in order that they may not enter their stomach
in a frozen state, placing as before, williin their j

SnicTTr WHEAT.-From unpublished papers of
the Kennebec Co. Ag. Society. Communicated by
Elijah Wooil.

Set up a leach sufiicient to contain three or four
pails of ley of wood a.'sheaso strong as to support
an egg— let that be put into a large ketttle and boil-
ed, and while boiling hot, put into it, by means of a
cloth for the purpose, as much wheat as the ley will
cover— let it remain about one minute— then take
it out, S))rcad it and expose it to the air, and so on
until you have finished the quantity you wish to sow.
I would in all cases recommend washing wheat
clean before it is prepared in any other way for sow-
ing. Take care to let the wheat remain longer as
die ley grows cold.

Mr Goodale— As the last year's crop of wheaj,
was materially injured by smut and as many farmers
are annually injured in the same manner, I have
thought fit to point out the several modes by which
it can be prevented ;— 1st, let the seed wheat be
washed clean, and while wet turn it into a ley, boil-
ing hot, made with two quarts of unslacked or three
quarts of slacked lime in hot water, sufiicient to
cover a bushel— pu.-sue the same rule for a larger or
smaller quantity. 1 have tried this method several
times and it never failed of success. The seed ought
to lay in the ley at least 24 hours, and if it stands '.i or
4 days no damage will ensue— 3d, if seed wheat is
steeped in a strong pickle of common salt about
four days before it is .sowed it is rarely known to
smut, and a little chamber-ley added to tlie pickle
will entirely jirevent it— 3d, seed \vheat soaked
about four davs before it is sovvn, in a strong ley

made of lime and water is rarely known to smut ;

care must be taken that it remains the whole time
under the ley. Wheat will bear a strong ley, but
care must be taken not to make it excessively
strong. Let the farmers piu-sue any of the above
methods and we shall hear no more complaint of
smutty wheat. The whole essence of smut will
be destroyed.

Improved breed of Cattle. — We were on
the steamboat wharf on Thursday last and had the
pleasure of seeing a very fine Durham improved
short horned bull and heifer, raised by Col. Ralph
Watson, of E.Windsor. They were on their way
to New York for a market. Col. Watson informed
us that the bull was 28 mouths old and weighed
a few d.iys since 1360 pounds. The heifer, 27
months old weighed 1124. He also informed us
that his English Cow and Calf which he bought
of Lord Althor|) were weighed at the same time,
the cow weighing 1534 lbs. and the calf 1574 lbs.
making the united weight 3108 lbs. The calf is a
remarkable animal, two years old the 8th of Nov.
last, iu ordinary flesh. — Hartford Revieio.

Remember that economy and industry are the
two great pillars, the Jachine and Boaz of the far-
mer's prosperity.

34-2

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAY 6, 1835.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 6, 1833.

PARMER'S WORK FOR MAY,

Manure is the great indispensable of all successful
farming, and without proper attention to this food of
p!ants,°you may as well sow the wind and reap the whirl-
wind, as cultivate the earth for a livelihood. It is now
quite time, (if you have not already done it,) to clear
barn yards and other depositee of manure of their fertiliz-
ing contents. If you have more dung than you can imme-
diately cart, spread and plough in, it will be excellent
husbandry to shovel or tip it from carts in heaps, and
cover it with inverted turfs, or clods of earth, scrapings
of the door yards, the highway, of ditches, or unmixed
loam to receive and retain the effluvia, or gaseous part,
virhieh would otherwise escape and manure the atmos-
phere instead of the farm. Your cattle are or should be
still confined mostly to the yard, and it will be good man-
agement to rise before the sun, and shovel their drop-
pings under a shed or some kind of cover, and give it a
coating of sods, or soms of the above mentioned sub-
stances. Indeed a'l summer made manure should be
mixed, as far as it is practicable without interfering
too much with other still more important avocations,
with at least an equal quantity of some of the ingre-
dients commonly used in composts. You may as well
feed aijimals on clear sugar or oil, as plants on unmix-
ed dung. The remains of decomposing vegetables, the
evacuations of animals, everything capable of undergo-
ing the process of putrefaction should be covered with
earth or something analogous, and if there is a roof over
it, an additional advantage will accrue.

Farmers too often suffer manure to accumulate and
waste in heaps, generating effluvia intolerably noisome,
and perpetually pestilential, without fear of fever or fam-
ine, both of which are courted by such conduct. Not
only dung is too often allowed to waste its lichness on
the tainted air, but straw and other litter are suffered to
■rrow mouldy, and consume by what is sometimes called
the dry rot, both of which might be prevented, or their
bad effects obviated by covering or mixing them with a
suitable quantity of earth. Besides dead animals, the
contents of privies, the empting of sinks, spoiled provis-
ions, the refuse of the dairy, the pantry and the cellar
are often allowed to mingle their odors in nauseating and
aeleterious profusion. Sometimes tho highway is ren-
dered almost impassable in consequence of a dead horse,
sheep, or cat undergoing the process of decomposition in
a situation correctly calculated to annoy travellers.
Some farmers hang dead lambs, cats, dogs, &c. in the
forks of apple trees, or throw them on hovels or stumps
at some elevation from the ground, to give the pestilen-
tial emanations a chance to diffuse themselves without
coming in contact with the earth, which might convert
them from poison to men and animals into food for plants.
If, however, such animal remains are deposited in a
barn yard or manure heap, they are too often suffered to
' lie and rot on the surface, offending the senses and in-
juring the health of a whole village. Practices of this
kind are well reproved by Sir Humphrey Uavy, who
says horses, dogs, sheep, deer and other quadrupeds that
have died accidentally or of diseases, after their skins
are separated, are often suffered to remain exposed to the
air, or immersed in water, till tbsy are destroyed by
birds or beasts of prey, or entirely decomposed ; and in
this case most of their organized matter is lost from tho
land on which they lie, and a considerable portion of it
employed in giving out noxious gases to the atmosphere.

" By covering dead animals with five or six times
their bulk of soil, mixed with one part of lime, and suf-
fering them to remain for a few months, their decompo-
sition would impregnate the soil with soluble matters, so
as to render it an excellent manure ; and by mixing a
little fresh quick lime with it, at the time of its removal
the disagreeable effluvia will be in a great measure de-
stroyed, anditmighl be employed in the same way as any
other manure to crops."

If however, quick lime cannot readily be procured to
accelerate the conversion of dead animals into manure, it
is probable that covering the carcasses with a pretty thick
coat of unleached ashes, and placing over all a
quantity of earth or earthy substance, would hasten
dccomp'osition, and secure the gases resulting from pu-
trescence. Earth alone will answer a valuable purpose
and in time the largest animal will be decomposed in
nothing but common soil.

Dairy House.— The dairy house or room should be
kept neat and cool. It should be as little exposed to the
sun as possible. An apartment in a sweet well ventila-
ted cellar has been recommended for keeping milk and
cream in. Cheese should never be put to dry in the
same room in which you set milk for obtaining butter, be-
cause they communicate an acid taint to the air, which
has a tendency to make the milk sour. Tlie milk room
and cheese room should, therefore, be separate apart-
ments. It will be well to have a milk room placed over
a spring or brook, near your dwelling house and so to
contrive the inside arrangement that cool, fresh, running
water may enter water tight platforms or troughs, and
the milk pans be set in that water. It is said that the
dairy houses in Pennsylvania are built over springs, and
their milk pans are set in cold running water, by which,
and other modes of good management, the butter brought
to market in Philadelphia, is said to be the finest in the
world. This mode of making good butter is not unknown
though not common in New England. A writer for the
Vermont Journal, in an article, published some years
since, gives the following description of a milk room :

" The shelves are so constructed as to admit the im-
mersion of a milk pan in cold water, nearly to the top,
resembling a shallow trough. By the advantage of lo-
cation, the water is constantly runniug from a spring
on atone end of the shelf and off at the other, and may
be easily conducted from shelf to shelf through a whole
room. The consequence is, the milk keeps perfectly
sweet, in the warmest season, until the cream is all
risen, which is in a short time,— of course the butter
will be sweet. Now are there not hundreds of places
that would admit of the same improvement with trifling
expense, which would be refunded fourfold in one
season .'"

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICUtTURAt SOCIETY..

FLOWERS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, May 2, 1835.
Samuel Sweetser, Cambridgeport, Gazania pavonia.
Gladiolus, Cineraria, Roses, Mignonette, Cyclamen,
Antirrhinum, Calceolaria, Pelargoniums, Gnapha-

lium, &c.

Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard, many superior
specimens : the roses were fine, the white and yellow
Tea roses, and a new one recently imported, attracted
particular attention. A list of them and their names
were not received by the committee.

Ezra Weson, Jr. Esq., sent for exhibition a fine speci-
men of the Epiga:a repens. Trailing arbutus. May
flower or ground laurel.

For the Committee,

JoNA. WiNSUiP, Chairman.

We have received Transactions of the Essex Agricul-
tural Society for 18:>4, vol. ii. No 4. From a hasty glance
at its contents (for we have not yet had leisure to peruse
the work attentively,) we think this will prove a very
useful .and interesting number. It commences with the
Address of Col. Moselev, an excellent discourse, plain,
practical,andof course useful. This has already been
given to our readers, in the columns of the New Eng-
land Farmer. Such of the reports as have not been pub-
lished in our paper shall be given as soon as practicable.
The remarks on Agricultural Implements contain a witty
eulogy on Howard's Plough. The Essay on " Coloring''
is worth everything to everybody engaged in the domes-
tic manufacture of cloth, &c.

A number of favors from correspondents must lie in
our table-drawer till our next number.

An Expedition. — A meeting was lately held, consist-
ing of the citizens of a number of towns in Addison
County, Vt. for the purpose of adopting measures to ex-
terminate the wolves which infest the neighboring
mountains. Dr V^'illiam Bass was called to the chair.
A numerous committee were appointed to prepare a
plan of operations, and their report was adopted. It
provided for the appointment of a captain in each town,
and a subaltern for every ten men, to be armed with
guns, pitchforks and axes, and furnished with two days'
rations, and prescribed various other arrangements re-
lating to the order of the march. Some of the Vermont
editors appear to think that the advance of such a formi-
dable force will induce the enemy to capitulate.— .M-
vocate.

Florida Coffee. — A writer in the Savannah Repub-
lican furnishes an article on the much talked of" Flori-
da Coffee" which Mr Dupont has so much extolled of
late, the seeds of which lately sold in Charlestown at
$2 per pound. It was said to be superior in flavor to the
Cuba Coffee— and to promise to be more profitable than
any other staple in our country. It is now said that this
" promising" plant, which produces this fragrant berry
grows in vast abundance in the vicinity of Savannah,
and is generally known by the significant appellation of
" Stinking Weed," from its peculiar fragrance when in
full foliage.— Journal

The Collector of New Orleans has issued proposals
for the erection of a building in that city, to be used as

a Mint the establishment of which was authorized by.

a law passed at the last session of Congress. 1l

■Wool. A wool grower in a neighboring town hagi

recently sold about 000 pounds of mixed merino and sax-
ony wool, for 68 cents per pound. Sixtytwo cents wag
the highest offer made to him last summer and autumn,
There is an impression among some intelligent wool
■.rowers that extensive manufacturers are about to make
Tari-e importations of the foreign article for the sake o)
depressing prices here. From what we have seen in tlw
papers, we should judge that wool would command ai
good a price this year as lust, perhaps better.

I,AROE Cow. — A cow, four years old, this presen
month, weighed 1,100 pounds, when dressed, and 1751
pounds when alive, was slaughtered a few days sine.
inDracutl, by Wilson and Buttrick. She was raisei
in Hillsborough, N. H., by a son of Governor Pierce
Lowell Courier.

A boy in one of the schools in Philadelphia, bein
asked what " Easter" meant, said it was " hard boile
This is indeed the march of mind.

"VOIi. 2nn, KO. 43.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

84.5

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE

CORRECTiSD WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

Apples, ....
Beans, vvliiie, .
Beef, mess, (new)
Cargo, No. 1.
prime,
Beeswax, (American) ,
Bctter inspected, No. 1, ,
Cheese, new milk, .

skimmed milk,
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
IFlax, American,
IFlaxseed, . ,

Flour, Genesee, . . cash
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white,
Rye, northern,
Barley, ...

Oats, norihern, . (prime)
Hay, best English, ...
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, . . , .

Honey,

Hops, l&t quality

' 2d quality ....

pARD, Boston, 1st sort, ,
southern, 1st sort.
Leather, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole, .
Baltimore, sole, .
IME, best sort, . . . ,
ORK, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .
Navy, mess, . . , .
bone, middlings, ,
EEDS, Herd's Grass,
Red Top,

Red Clover, northern,
White Dutch Honeysuckle, .
'allow, tried, ....
r^ooL, prime, or Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4lhs do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1 -4 and common
Native washed
g C Pulled superfine,
£-a 1st Lambs, .
t^iid do.
I §. 3d do, . .
I 1st Spinning, ,
luthern pulled wool is generally 5 cts
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

FROM

3 00

2 37

12 00

10 00

8 00

20

15

8

34

40

3S

10

1 26

5 87

5 75

525

556

83

77

72

85

C3

45

18 00

12 50

14 00

37

12

Sh

8
19
12
16
IS
27
25
I 00

20 00

16 00

bushel

225

''

77

pound

8

•'

.25

CW(.

7. TO

pound

70

•*

60

{I

55

'*

45

"

40

'*

38

n

60

n

45

11

30

35

3 50
2 60
12 50
10 50
8 50
24
17
9
•6
45
39
11
1 30
6 12
5 87
5 37
5 62
85
80
73
90
65
46
19 50
13 00
15 00
42
13

10

9

20

14

18

20

29

27

125

21 00

17 00

8 50

2 50

1 00

9

30

800

85

65

60

50

45

60

65

50

.■53

30

40

VALUABI^E WORK OJV AGRICULTURE.

This Day published by Geo. C. Barrett, THE COM-
PLETE FARRIER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T.

G. Fessenden. Second edilion, revised and improved bij the
Author, with considerable additions.

The first edition «as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent for a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendations to public patronage, and cannot fail to prove still
more useful to the conimmiity of cultivators.

This work has met with decided and universal approbation
from the most competent judges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
Lowell and Rev. Henry Colman. The Editors of the
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the Maine
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, i^-c. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to publish
those of tiie other gentlemen who have honored the work with
their approbation.

"Roxburti, April 6, 1835.
" Havmg perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq. in its first
edition, and having recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory to a second edilion, I am of opinion that it is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know that the sci-
ence of Agriculture is so extensive as to fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect ui such an a-
bridgemenl full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But I know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more instruction in so small
a compass than this work of Mr Fessenden.

m6 John Lowell."

TREES FOR SALE,

At \V. BticKiwtNSTER's Nurscrv, Framingham ;— Apple
irees. Cherry trees, Pear trees, Peach trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, at cus'
lomary prices. * ^arch 4.

AGENCY lai CONCORD, N. H.

VVilliam Kent has accepted llie agency of the New En"--
land Seed Establishment, and has received a full assortment of
Ojrdkn and Flower Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
tions for cultivating, &c. on each paper. These Seeds are
warranted, being raised in gardens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. March 24,

1835.

WANTS A SITUATION.

An expeiienced Gardener, well acquainted with all the
branches of gardening, wants a situation— good reference can
be made. Address R. E. at this office. April 8

W^ANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is well acquainted with his business in all
its branches, and who can procure good recommendations from
his last employers. Enquire at G. C. Barrett's Agricultural
Warehouse, Boston. .•m6.

SILK COCOONS WANTED.

The subscriber, encouraged by the late act of the Legisla-
ture to reel and throw American Silk, wishes to purchase at
his place of residence at Dedham, or by Geo. C. Barrett at
the Agricultural Warehouse in Boston, Silk Cocoons, and will
pay ^3 per bushel for the best, and in proportion for poorer
ones. [m6] J. H COBB.

SILVER FIRS, &,c.

William Mann of Bangor, Me. will e.xecute at short no.
lice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, 4-c. well packed and
in good order. "^ ^^prji g

GROUND PLASTER,

From the Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs.
each, constantly on hand and for sale by GEO. CLARK *
no Nn Q TU'h,,.- ■' april S.

CO. No. 9, T U'harf

FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

An excellent Farm containing 70 acres, situated in Marlbo-
rough. Mass., with a house and bsrn thereon, for sale, or would
be exchange<-l for properly in the city of Boston. For terms
and particulars inquire of G. C. BARRETT at this office, or
N. B. PROCTOR, Esq. of said Marlborough. 6m.

PROVISION MARKET,

RETAIL PRICES.

IMS, northern, ,
southern.

pound

10

u

6

12

8

7

RK, whole hogs.

11

tJLTRY, .

«

10

14

TTER,(tub) .

"

IS

20

lump

it

GS, ...

dozen

14

Ifi

TATOES,

bushel

4.5

.50

barrel

2 75

300

BRIGHTON MARKET.-MoNi>AY, May 4, 18^5.

[Reported for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.]
M market 172 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs Working Oxen
Cows and Calves, 200 Sheep, and 150 Swine. '

'rices.— Sec/ CattZe— Sales quick, and last week's
ces fully supported ; we quote a number very fine at
prime at 40s 6d ; good at SCs a 393 ; thin at 30s a
Gd.

Vorking Oien— Sales were noticed at *75, 80, 88,
1100.

:oics and Calves— Sales were noticed at $23, 27, 50,

and 35.

■keep— We noticed sales at 28s 6d, 36s, and 43s Gd.
nc- One lot was taken at 5f for sows and Gg for
fa; at retail, those over 80, 6 and 7, under SO, 7

PEAR STOCKS,' &c.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocks; Apple Stocks;
White and Pink Flowering Horse Chesnuts, aud Honev Lo-
custs, for sale on very reasonable terms. Apply to

April 29. GEO. C. BARRETT.

PLOAVER SEEDS.

An extensive collection of splendid Annual, Biennial and
Perennial F'ower Seeds, comprising some new and choice
varieties, for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT. april 22.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE.

A grist mill, wilh geenng complete, built in the best manner,
and has been running but a very short time — slones 5 feet 6
inches diameter— runner 19 inches thick— removed for the
accommodation of other machinery.

One runner, 5 feet diameter, 17'inchcs thick.

Two driving wheels, partly worn, wilh pinions and spindles.

A pair of mill slones, superior grit. 4 feet 8 inches diameter,
runner 18 inches thick, wilh the requisite iron work.

The above will be sold low, if immediate application is made
at the counting room of the Daily Advertiser &. Patriot.

inarch 11.

NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST.

George C. Barrett and Rcssell, Odiokne Sf Co.
Boston, have now in press, and ivill publish in a few weeks, the
second edilion, greatly enlarfjed and improved, of the NEW
AMERICAN ORCHARDIST, or an account ofthe most val-
uable fruits of all climates, adapted to cultivation in the United
Stales, wilh their history, uses, modes of culture, management
&c. Also, useful vegetables, ornamental forest trees, shrubs,
and flowers, silk, bees, &c. By William Kenrick.

ST HELENA POTATOES.

200 bushels of this very superior Potato for sale at Brimmer
(-V Inches' store on the T wharf, at 80 cents per bushel by MO-
SES HEALEY. april 23

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

Fine, large, three years old Roots ofthe Dutch Asparaeus
for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT. april 15.

GR.-VPE VINES <& PLUM TREES.

Isabella and Catawba of extra size and Red and White
Chasselas Grapes, and ofthe foreign varieties.

Also — Plum tiecs of vigorous growth and of the most ap-
proved kinds, for sale by SAMUEL POND, Cambridgepori-

Orders may be left at the N. E. Farmer Office, march 18.

NeAvburyport Agricultural Warehouse and
SEED STORE.

The subscriber. Agent for the New England Seed Store,
has received a lull assortment of Garden and Flower Seeds,
raised and put up expressly for the New England Seed Es-
tablishment, in papers wilh their labels on them, with directions
for cultivating, i^c. warranted of ihegrowlh of 1S34.

Also received from the Agricultural Warehouse, Boston,
and Manufacturers, a general assortment of Ploughs, Cultiva-
tors, Hay Cutters, Hay Knives, Hoes, Garden Hoes. Manure
Forks, Shovefs. Spades, Churns, c^-c. The above establish-
ment was opened by the subscriber last Spring, and arrange-
ments made to be constandv supplied wilh all kinds of Gar
den and Farming '1 ools. including those of the Dairj-, which
he oflers at manufacturers' prices. WM. HILL.

No. 3, South Row, Market Square.

Newburyport, April 1. 3t* I

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Sitdated in Dorchester on Ihe Brushhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing 16 acres of excellent land
wilh a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre coniaming valuable fruits
&c. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect ofthe harbor and ofthe country back.

The houses are in complete repair and Ihe whole farm under
a good slate of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulais inquire of Messrs LOT
WHEELRIGHT Sf SON, 46 Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises.

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines
for sale by Jonathan Boyce, Market Street, Lvnn.
march 25. 41

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold, a number of fine animals, from tiie breed of
Denton, Admiral, Wye Comet, &c. Appiv to A. Green-
wood, on the Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's Meeting-
House, in Dorchester. feb. 25.

KALMIAS, AZALEAS, &c.

The subscriber will furnish Kalmia lalifolias and Azalea
nudifloras in bundles of 25 each, packed in moss, at Ihe rate
of gl2.50 per hundred, delivered at Geo. C. Barrett's
Seed Slore, who is agent, at short notice. .\lso, a great vari-
etv of indigenous and exotic shrubs, and herbaceous plants

'Lancaster Garden, March 27. JOS. BRECK.

FOR SALE OR TO LET,

A valuable Farm situated in Medford, about five miles from
this city, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
or would be Itu on shares, provided a temperate man should
want the same.

For further particulars apply at this office. m 11

844

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAY 6, 1835.

HINTS TO YOUNG FARMERS.

Considoi- your calling the most elevated anil
the most important : but never be above it, nor
be afraid of the frock and the apron.

Put off no business which ought and can be
Joue today, until tomorrow.

As soon as the spring opens and the frost is out
of the ground, put your fencqs in order.

Plant no more ground than you can well ma-
nure and cultivate to advantage.

Never hire a man to do a piece of work which
you can do yourself.

Keep no more stock than you can keep in good
order, and that of the best kind.

Never run into debt without a reasonable prob-
ability of solving, it at the time agreed.

Never carry your notes in your pocket-book, as
the desk or trunk is a more appropriate place.
Keep them on file and in order, ready to be
found when wanted.

Never buy anything at an auction because the
article is going cheap, unless you have a use for it.
Keep a place for your tools — and your tools in
order.

Instead of spending a rainy day at the dram
shop, as many do to their ruin, repair whatever
wants mending — post your Ijooks.

Should you be fond of the chase, or the sport
with the hook, indulge occasionally, but never to
the injury of more important concerns.

By driving your business licfore you, and not
permitting your business to drive you, you will
have opportunities to indulge in innocent diver-
sions.

Many a rising family, we were informed, was
made to go through a daily ifcocess of alcoholic
purification.

One temperance man in particular, was men-
tioned, who was in the habit of purchasing new
rum by the barrel for this puri)Ose. We immedi-
ately addressed a note to a distinguished medical
professor then in the vicinity ; and after stating to
him the prevailing practice, proposed these ques-
tions. 1. Is new rum a healthf^l application to
the surface ? 2. Is there no hazard in exposing
children daily to its fumes ? The following is his

reply.

" There cannot be so good and safe a fluid as
water for ablutions either in fever or debility. 1
should expect that some of my children would
become drunkards, should I w.ash them in rum.
They might almost as safely take a few drops in
their stomaclis, ap to be bathed with it. The
senses of smell and taste are so closely allied, and
familiarizing the first with an uiisuitahle article,
prejjares tlie way to its being relished by the sec-
ond. Do tell that temperance man, as he loves
his children, and would wish to have them grow
up sober, to keep spirit beyond smelling distance
from them. The effect upon the functions of the
skin must be pernicious ; the powers of that im-
portant organ must be enfeebled by it." — Pitts-
hur.sh Friend.

•Wm. PRINCE &. SONS,

Nev New York, will forward iheir new Catalogues, with
very reduced prices, to every applicant. No. 1.— Fruit and
Ornamenlai Trees and Flowering Plants. No. 2.— Double
Dahlias and Bulbous Flowers. No. 3.— Garden, Agricultural
and Flower Seeds, compiising the most extensive assor.mcnt
of every class. Of the Dahlia above 5(X) varieties, inclMding
all the striped and variegated kinds, and assortments of pi e
dozen named varieties, selected by us, will be supplied at . ,
4 1-2 and .$G, according to rarity, iSiC. Tree Roses grafted
3 to -t feet high, of 50 varieties, and a few dozen of Harrison s
new double Yellow Rose, which flowers profusely. 10,0G0
cuttings of the Chinese Mulberry, prepared for planting, at S8
per 100 or gCQ per 1000, to purchasers of which the secret will
be imparted, calculated to cause nearly all to grow.

Also, 35 bushels Italian Lolch seed, a superior grass, re-
cently introduced— 20 bushels SpringTares— 1,800 lbs Whr.e
Dutch Clover seed— 2,000 lbs Provence Lucerne— 500 lbs rii-
folium iucarnatum, or early Crimson Clover, affording the ear-
liest pasturage.

To Nurseries, and others making large purchases, a yeiv

liberal discount will be made, and a convenient credit allowed.

Orders must be sent direct per mail, and will receive pro^npt

attention. ^ 3l» apriHS.^

NANKIN &. CANTON STRAW CARPETING.

Eliab Stone Brewer, No. 414 Washington street, has
constantly on hand a large assortment of Straw Carpeting, of
various qualities and widths, among which are —
2500 yards superfine Nankin, G-4
2000 do. do. do. 5-4

3500 do. Canton do. 6-4
4500 do. do. do. 5-4

1 case German Table Mats, a new and superling
.rt.cle. April 1.

How TO GET Rich. — If the following excel-
lent rules, which we cut from the columns of an
old paper, were generally observed, we should
have less coinplaints of " hard times."

1. Never be in bed at six in the morning or
out of it at ten at night. The early riser is al-
ways in time with his business, while the sluggard
Jlins afttir it all day and never can overtake it.

2. Mind your own business ; if you have not
enough endeavor to get more, and do not inter-
meddle with that of other people.

3. Out of every dollar you get, save qne half
if you can, certainly one third.

4. If you hope for independence, keep out of
debt. The honqr, the reputation and the liberty
of the debtor lie at the mercy of his creditor.

.5. Ue just before you are generous. Never waste
nor go in debt to make entertainments. " Fools
make feasts and wise men cat them."

C. Plenty is but a degree ^jiort of profusion ;
decent frugality is the best method to attain the
confidence of wise men.

7. Credit is often a dangerous temptation, ^nd
the means of destroying itself ; like health, it is
only to be preserved by prudence and moderation.

8. Gluttony is the grave of gain ; he that gut-
tles in a few hours the income of a week, mast
always be poor, and ultimately a beggar.

TO NURSERYMEN.

Rum for Bathi.nc. — The great enemy of our
race is fruitful in expedients for maintaining the
popularity of his favorite liquid. When vishing
one of the cities of our State, a few months since,
we were informed that the article was coming
into very general use as a cleanser of the surface.

If you want to make a sober man a drunkard,
•rive him a wife who will scold him every time he
comes home.

If you want to render your husband unhappy
blame him for everything he does, right or wrong.

If you wish your sons to become tipplers make
it a point to use ardent spirits in the morning —
before dinner^:— when cold, wet, heated or fatigued;
and occasionally recommend its use in their
presence.

And, finally : if you would always have a clear
conscience, be an honest man and a christian, and
if you would not be everlastingly dunned, pat
THE PRINTER. — Westcm paper.

Riches. — It is a strange delusion for men to
suppose that happiness consists in riches. Con-
tentment is not to he found in splendor and mag-
nificence ; or why is it that princes have some-
times exhanged the grandeur of a palace for the
more simple enjoyments of private life ? Why
is the countenance of the rich man furrowed with
thought and anxiety, while the poor go on their
way shouting and exulting in the blessings which
God hath given theiji ? — Why does the man who
has grown in wealth, look back to the days of his
poverty and ask himself why he cannot now re-
joice as heartily over the much as he did oyer the
little?

The Wheel of Fortune.^;-A laborer who
has for many years been in the employ of Mr
Giles, of Laiiibsidc Farm, near Holbcton, and who
bears an excellent character for sobriety and in-
dustry, last week received a letter acquainting him
with the death of a relative in Inditi, and by this
event, no less a sum than £30, 000 is placed at his
dispospl, together with much land (built on) ip one
of rthe most populous parts of London. This sud-
den and unexpected change of fortune, might have
turned some heads, but this truly honest nian rose
the next morning as usual, and attended his daily
avocations, without any apparent alteration, observ-
ing, that ' he had only heard of it, but had not got it.'

The subscriber wishes to relinquish the charge of Ins e.\ten-
sive Nurseries to a tenant, or share it with a competent associ-
ate. A green house is contemplated as an appfidage to the
establishment. O. HSKl!..

Worcester, March 16, 1835. ^ , • ,

The stock of Cows, Team, and Implements of Agriculture,
may be taken with the Fa.m at a fair valuation. Feb. 2o.

TO liET,

On a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed upon, a
Form containing one hundred acres of Land, suitable fora
Dairv with dwelling house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
site a good orchard, and well waiered. The situation is two
miles from the city of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden
For lurlher particulars address (post paid) to No. -bJ^box

post office. New Haven. *'''^- -^-

TO tET,

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land, situated one
mile from the city of New Haven-very desirable as a Dairj^
a great part being pasture, and produces good hay. I here s
a Jotlage, and every requisite building, all newly erected, and
mav be had for such term of years as may he agreed upon, at
^moderate rent. Address No. 265, Post Office, New fiaven,
(postpaid.)

FRESH AVHITB MUI.BERRY SEED.

Jdst received at the New England Seed Store, 51 i^- 51
North Market street, ,

A quantity of fresh and,;genuine W hite Mulberry-seed, from
one of the greatest Mulberry Orchards in Connecucut, warrant-
ed new and good, directions a«°>PPa^'y";g «''S^' P^?,''"^';;.

Dec. 31,1834. GEO. C. BARRlLll.

THE NEW ENGI/AND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at S3 per annum
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay w.tbii
sixty days from the time of subscribing, are entitled to a de-'
duction of fifty cents.

53= No paper will be sent to a distance without paymen
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
New York—Ct C. Thokburn, 67 Liberty-street.
AIImwi—Wm. Thorburn, 347 Market-street.
Philadelphia— D. Sj- C. Landbkth, 85 Chesnut-street.
B,iltimore—\. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmel
S/nrimwa-S. C. Parkhukst, 23 Lower Market-street
Flnshin'T, N. Y.—Wm. Prince ^- Sons, Prop. Lin- Bot. OS
Middleimry, TV.— Wight Chapman, Merchant,
//art/brd— Goodwin Sf Co. Booksellers.
A'e.Xnmor(— EBEtJEZER Stedmas, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. fl.— JoHN,W.,FosTER, Bookseller.
Woodstock, Vt.—l. A. Pratt.

/f«ns(ir,A/e.—WiH. Mann, .Druggist. r „ „„,j„

UalUai, N. S.-^P- J- Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
St. Louis— Gzo. HoLToN.

PRINTED BY TUTTI.E AND -WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.
ORDIRS FOR PRINTING RECEIVED BY THE POBLlSHEl

PfEW ENGL.AIVD FARMER,

AND G A R D E N E R'S J O U R N A L.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

?OL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 13, 1836.

NO. 44.

iFor the New Eneiand Farmer.]

IMPORTANT FACTS TO BE OBSERVED LW
REARING STOCK.

Mr Editor — I liave never seen in your work
an account of M. Giron's experiments, wliicli
have brought forward some new and higlily im-
portant laws, that regulate the foi'm and sex of
mimals. A brief notice of them will be useful
to all who are interested in improving stock.

M. Giron de Busareingues is an agriculturist in
;he south of France. His work contains two
separate propositions, supported by experiments
biost numerous and satisfactory. The first is —
that in animals of mature age and perfect devel-
ppement, the influence of the se.xes on the exter-
nal form crosses m generation, the male being more
(ike the dam, and the female progeny more like
the sire. The second is — that in regard to sex
jtself, the influence is direct, the sex of the prog-
bny corresponding with that of the parent which
pad the strongest constitution, and was in sound-
est health at the time of union.

The first of these propositions is deduced from
in observation of a vast number of cases which
;annot be detailed in this brief notice. After rc-
narking then that they are sufiiciently strong to
jonvince every one of the correctness of the in-
erence, I will proceed to state a few facts by which
lis second proposition is supported by M. Giron.

His first remark was, that, in his flocks and
ituds, those females who were at the most vigo-
ous ago, generally produced females whether
mited to strong or weak subjects : whilst those
females that had either not attained, or had passed
he prime of life, produced males when united to
irime subjects, and females, when united to very
lid males. To ascertain whether this discovery
lorresponded with general observation among
iractical fanners, M. G. made inquiries of the
leigliboring agriculturists, who informed him that
hey had constantly remarked that when the male
vas young, and the female vigorous, the product
)f their union was female ; wliile the contrary
lad as uniformly happened when the conditions
vere reversed.

In order to test this matter still further, M. G.
mnounced, in 1825, to the agricultural meeting of
Severac, that a part of his flock, already marked,
vould give him, at the ne.xt agnelage, more females
han males. The society nominated two com-
nissioners to ascertain the fact, and it turned out
hat the proportion of males to females was 1000
o 1472.

At a subsequent meeting M. G. offered to eflTect
he production of a majority of males or females
n a given flock, at the choice of the society.
Two flocks were immediately furnished by mem-
bers of the society.

The first fiock was divided into two equal parts
without reference to age or constitution. The
first part being supplied with very young rams
gave a product of 30 males to 76 females: the

second part being supplied with strong and vigo-
rous rams 4 or 5 years old, gave a product of 55
males to 31 females.

Tiie second fiock was also divided intD two sec-
tions, but with more regard to the other conditions
referred to. The first section composed of strong
sheep 4 or 5 years old, was sent into rich pastur-
age and visited by yearling rams ; it produced 15
males and 25 females. The second sections,
composed of feeble sheep under 4 and over 5
years of age, was placed in dry pasturage, and re-
ceived two strong rams over 3 years old ; the re-
sult was 26 males and 14 females. In both ex-
periments it was obser\'ed that the lambs produ-
ced by the young rams were equal in appeai'ance
to those produced by the most vigorous.

The experiments were continued on other
classes of animals, birds and insects, with the
same results. In the poultry yard, e. g. where the
preponderance of maturity and vigor was on the
part of the hen, there resulted 725 males and 1000
females : and where the male parent was most
vigorous and of ripest age, there resulted 1415
males and 1000 females. Among horses his ex-
periments were particularly clear and conclusive.

It happened to he most profitable to M. G. to
have more females than males. With a view to
this effect he took care, in the year 1S24, to fur-
nish his mares good pasturage, and to give none
to foal who had suckled the same year or
borne the year previous. " Elles ne furent pre-
sentees a I'^talon qu'apres qu'elles eurent donn6
des signes de chaleur." Five mares, thus pre-
pared, j)roduced five females ; and of fifteen foals
procured from 1824 to 1827 there were 13 fe-
males and two males. In accordance with tlie
same law, it is generally true, I believe, that south-
ern horses (particularly Arabian) produce most
female colts when united to the more vigorous
mares of a northern clime.

So far as M. G. extends his comments to the
human race, they are not within the design of this
brief communication, which is intended for the
practical benefit of farmers. This benefit may be
easily and plainly deducible from the above state-
ments so far as they relate to horses and poultry.
Permit me to allude to the manner in which ad-
vantage may be taken of both propositions in rearing
horned cattle.

Suppose you have a cow that is a remarkable
milker, and wish to procure from her a progeny
with the same excellence. Now the common way
is, to send the cow to bull, and if she has a heifer
calf, it is raised with high expectations, and the
owner is invariably disappointed. The reason of
this is, as we now see, that the heifer calf partakes
of the external form and peculiar properties of the
bull and not of the cow. Proceeding then on the
principle developed by M. G. we should do us
follows : send the cow whoso properties you
value to a bull of the ripest age and greatest vigor.
The product will be a hill-calf having the form
and inherent properties of the mother, so far
modified in their developements as the difference

of sex required, but still inherently the same.
This bull-calf should be carefully reared, and his
female progeny will exhibit the form and proper-
ties of his dam.

So also if you have a bull of huge size, fine
form, great strength, and other excellencies, it will
be in vain to expect similar form and properties
in his inmiediate male progeny. But his heifer-
calves will inherit his properties, and transmit
them to their male progeny. Thus must we be
content to pass through one generation, and we
shall probably be well rewarded for our patience
and perseverance.

It is scarcely necessary to add that such pa-
tience is not necessary in rearing horses. If you
wish to procure a colt of form and properties of
a fine mare, send her to a vigorous horse, and the
result will probably be a male, possessing the
properties and form of the dam. On the other
hand, if you wish a colt resembling a celebrated
stud horse, you must send such a mare (either old
or very young) as will be most likely to have, from
this uuion, a female foal, for it is in this crossing
of sexes we get the external form and properties
we desire.

In conclusion allow me to express the opinion
that the incredulit}' that exists among farmers
about the jiossibility of propagating the qualities
of animals, jp.ay arise from their want of know-
ledge of these laws. " I don't believe in your
breeds of horses," says Farmer A. " There's my
neighbor B. has as fine an animal as ever stepped,
that came of his old black mare that's not worth
a pin." Now if Farmer A. had known as much
as I wish to teach him by this paper, the fact he
stated would not have led him to his skeptical
conclusion. If the fine young animal was a fe-
ujale, it matters little what were the qualities of
the " old black mare," the foal partook of the
form and qualities of the sire, and so on.

Yours, &c. B. C.

[By the Editor.}

The foregoing is a very important paper, and
the subject to which it relates is of great interest.
We hope it will meet that attention — that theoret-
ical and experimental investigation from farmers
and bree<!er6 of stocks which a regard to a great
improvement in a most essential branch of hus-
bandry should induce them to bestow.

[For the New England Farmer.]
INSECTS INFESTING PEAR TREES.

]\Ir Editor — There may be seen at my store,
part of the tap-root of a St. Michael pear ti-ee,
from which was taken a worm four inches in
length, and about one and a half inches in circum-
ference. This worm has made sad havoc with
the root, by boring himself spirally round it, under
the bark, making an excavation as large as a man's
finger. The lower part of the root is completely
decayed from this cause.

Whether this worm is peculiar to the St.
Michael pear tree, and whether this is the cause
of the decay of these trees for the last few years,

346

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAT 13, 1835,

are important questions which demand the serious
consideration of botanists.

The worm taken from the root, very unfortu-
nately, made his escape, but another of a smaller
size was aftei-wards found in the same garden. It
is preserved in alcohol, but very much reduced in
size, being originally about three inches in length,
and now about one and a half.

Thomas B. White.

jYewburyport, May 4, 1835.

[By the Editor.]

We have no recollection of having before seen,
heard or read of an insect of the above description.
We apprehend that he is a nondescript, not having
had the honor of obtaining the notice of the ento-
mologist. We are glad to learn that one of the
species is preserved in alcohol, and wish it might
lie submitted to the inspection of Dr T. W. Harris,
Librarian of Harvard University, whose acquaint-
ance with entomology might enable him to describe
ithe enemy, and prescribe a remedy against his
ravages.

[For the New England Farmer.]
CULTURE OP CORN.

Mr Fessenden — About two years since I gave
■you some account of two experiments in planting
corn. The result of one went to show that our
cornfields do not usually have a sufficient stock of
plants, and the other, that nothing is gained by
giving the hills a greater distance oneway, than
the other. On the latter point perhaps the prac-
tice of farmers in this vicinity is different from
that of others. Here we see fields planted, with
rows from two and a half, to three and a half feet

•distant, and hills from four to six or seven feet dis-
tant in the row, thereby making the distance

rnearly, and in some instances more than double

-one way than it is the other. The origin or reason
of ifhis practice, I have never learned, but see no
objection to it, except the additional labor neces-
sary in cultivation. 1 believe it is moderately
getting mil of use. Respecting the first, that of

r stocking the ground, I have since inade further ex-
periments both in regard to distance between hills,
and number of stalks in a hill, and if you think
its details may be useful or interesting to your
readers, it is at your service.

Corn is usually planted here in hills, and the
general impression among farmers, I believe, is,
that without reference to the distance between
'hills, it is a matter of little consequence whether
there be three or four stalks in a hill. Perhaps
the majority prefer four stalks, yet some good far-
mers give the preference to three, and three are
probably as many as our cornfields will usually
average, if the missing hills are taken into the
account.

The ground selected for the experiment, was a
light sandy loam, that had been in pasture perhaps
thirty years. After j)loughing and rolling, about
twenty cart-buck loads to the acre, of coarse barn-
yard manure were spread on the furrows and har-
rowed in. Five parcels of ground, of three rows
each, were then laid out at the several distances,
of 2 feet 6 inches, 2 feet 9 inches, 3ft. 3 ft. 3 in.
and 3 feet 6 inches, each parcel separated by an
intermediate row, to prevent the nocesity of re-
sorting to an average on the outside rows, in cal-
culating the product of the ground per acre. The
distance between the hills in the row was, in all
cases, equal to the distance between the rows of
the same parcel ; and in each parcel one row was

to have three, one to havefour, and the other to
have five stalks in a hill. Tlierows, about twelve
rods in length, were laid out, and the hills marked
off, at exact distances, with little trouble, by means
of a simply constructed gage. The corn planted
was an early twelve rowed kind, called the Golden
Sioux. Six to eight kernels were put in a hill,
and the stalks afterwards pulled out to the requi-
site number ; in all cases leaving the best ones
standing, which gave some advantage in the se-
lection, to the hills of smallest number. The in-
termediate rows and those on either side had gen-
erally about four or five stalks in a hill, with hills
at distances to correspond nearly with their neigh-
bors. In the selection of soil, manuring and cul-
tivation, all were supposed to have an equal chance.
The ground was kept level, and sowed with grass
seed the last time of hoeing.

When harvested, the produce of each row was
carefully weighed in the field, and noted down
immediately, and seventy pounds of dry well ri-
pened ears estimated to make a bushel of shelled
corn.

The following table will show the order in
which the rows were planted, and perhaps will
exhibit the method pursued and the result, better
than can be done by description ; and also afford
opportunity to detect any error that may have
been admitted in the estimates.

nills Hills stalks Prod,
per in per of
acre. row. hill. row.

^'l^- Sh'dcorn

3 47 lbs. 9oz. 6? dms.54:).44p

4 49 9 12§ 56 67

5 52J lot CO 74

3

481^

10

I9S

51

56

4

.53

JI

J'4

56

41

5

55

la

34

58

48

a

4R

n

10,

45

70

4

54f

)3

53

20

s

56

13

84

54

56

n

43

11

n

39

31

4

48^

la

i5

44

34

5

65^

14

10?

50

30

3

4S

12

14V

35

18

4

55

15

7

45

56

5

56

15

llj

46

43

Ground

No. Dis. to each

hill.

1 2 ft. 6 in. 5 ft. 3 in. 6970 80

2 (t (f li «t

3 .< .. << ■.

4 Intermediate or dividing row.

5 2 ft. 9 in. 7 ft. 6J in. 5760 72

6 " " " "

y (t C( II H

8 Intermediate.

9 3ft. 9 ft. 4840 OC

10 " •' " "

11 '■ " " "

12 Intermediate.

13 3 ft. 3 in. 10ft. 6Jin. 4124 60

14 " " " "

15 " " " "

16 Intermediate.

17 3 ft. 6 in. 12 ft. 3 in. 3556 57

18 " " " "

19 " " " "

It will be seen in every case that the hills of
three stalks, produced less than those of four, and
those of four less than those of five. In this view
it may be considered as five experiments all giving
the same result, notwithstanding some of the hills
occupied but about half the quantity of ground
usually given them in our field culture. The av-
erage of five rows one from each parcel is as
follows, viz.

Three stalks in a hill, 46 bushels 14 lbs. per acre.
Four stalks in a hill, 52 bushels 42 lbs. " "
Five stalks in a hill, 54 bushels 20 lbs. " "
The difference of average between three and
five stalks is 8 bushels 6 lbs. per acre.

It vvill be seen also, that in every instance but
one, or eleven limes in twelve, diminishing the
distance between the hills increased the product of
the ground. The average of each parcel is as
follows, viz.

Three feet six inches between hills gjve
41 bushels 14 lbs. per acre.

Throe feet three inches, 44 bu. 57 lbs per acre.
Three feet, 51 bu. 49lhs. " "

Two feet nine inches, 55 bu. 45 lbs. " "
Two feet six inches, 57 bu. 36 lbs. « "
The difference of product between the average
of hills at 2 feet 6 in. and that of hills at 3 feet
6 inches is 13 bushels 22 lbs. per acre.

Row No. 17 had the least number of stalks ])er'
acre and gave the smallest product, 38 bushels
18 lbs. The number of stalks in this row per
acre (for there was not one missing) was probably
equal to the number usually standing in our
fields and the product would be considered, in
common seasons, a fair cro]) for land and manure
of like quantity and quality. Row No. 3 had the
largest number of stalks per acre, and gave the
largest product viz., 60 bushels 74 lbs. This
difference appears to have been made by the dif-
ference in the number of stalks, as is evident frorn
the fact that tlie ]uoduce of the other thirteen
rows, varied from these, and from each other in
different degrees, somewhat according to the num-
ber of stalks, and distance of hills, with one ex-
ception. No. 14 with hills (of four stalks) at 3
feet 3 inclies distant gave 1 bushel 22 pounds less
thtm No. 18 with hills (of four stalks) at 3 feet
6 inches distance. This exception to the general
result is a case in point showing that the same
crop is not always, and in all cases to be expected
even from the same soil, season, and mode of cul-
ture ; and gives evidence if such be wanted, that
a single experiment should not be relied upon
as fully establishing any rule or method of culti-
vation.

Row No. 17 gave a product equal to 22 bushels
56 pounds per acre more than Row No. 3, or,
a gain of about sixty per cent, apparently by in-
creasing the number of plants per acre. Perha|)s
a part of the gain, however, is only in appearance.
Most likely a hill with five stalks would extend its
roots in search of food somewhat farther than a
hill with four or three stalks, and if so, among
weaker neighbors, it would occupy inore than its
allotted portion of ground, while they would oc-
cupy less than theirs. If this be a cause of part
of the difference, it may be difliicult to tell how
much deduction should be made, (though prob-
ably whatever is made should be from the 8 bushels
6 pounds difference of product between three and
five stalks,) but having the facts before you, Mr
Editor, you or your readers can guess as well as
myself whether, after makuig a liberal allowance
for that or any other supposable cause, there was
not a large and substantial gain by increasing the
number of stalks per acre.

That the gam would have been as great on all
other soils, 1 am by no means prepared to say ;
indeed, on many, I am confident it would not. I
apprehend it is only rich and good soil, well adapt- '
ed to the growth of corn, that will bear thick
planting, and even then vei-y much depends on the
kind of corn ; that of larger growth must have
more distance. Cold land, perhaps, will not bear
the .shade of thick planting, and poor light land
most certainly will not bear the exhaustion. Thick
planted corn also suffers soonest and severest by
drought.

I have stated the case, perhaps with more mi-
nuteness than may be thought necessary, and shall
leave it with you, Mr Editor, to strike out all oi-
any part, as you shall think best.

During the past year nMich has been said in the
Farmer, by way of objection to large corn cobs —
a popular, objection, surely ; but will you tell us,
Mr Editor, why a large cob is not as good as a
small one ; or, what is about the same thing, why
a long one is not as good as a short one, and
whether we may not as well expect to raise beef
without bones, as corn without cobs ? I have
supposed that the larger and longer the ears were

OL. Xm. BfO. 44.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

347

the better, provided the corn was of good quality,
and adapted to tlie seasons and soil ; with these
■qualifications, fiir from having seen them too large,
1 have seldom thought them large enough, and
should be very unwilling to assign ' them a limit.
Indeed, I see not why the objections that can be
made to large ears of corn, should not be made to
large ears of i-ye or wheat, or to the large long
frames of » Improved Short Horns." But I may
be mistaken ; I may misapprehend the subject.
Youi-s respectfully,

William Clark, Jr.
JVorthampton, May, 1835.

[By the Editor.]
The above article cannot fill to prove of great
utility to the practical farmer, and we think that
Mr Clark has rendered important services to the
community of cultivators by making and publish-
ing the results of the experiments detailed above.

[For the New England Fanner]
REMEDY AGAEVST CANKER-WORMS.

Mr Fessenden, — Sir — Having, for three or
four years, deferred publishing what I believe an
effectual method of destroying that pest, the Can-
ker wonii, in order that the experiment'niight be
fblly tested, I can now with confidence recom-
mend to you and to the public a sure and easy
means of preserving the fruit trees from the rav-
ages of these destructive vermin. Several gentle-
men in Salem and New Bedford having, at my
suggestion, tried its efficacy to their satisfaction.

As soon as the worm begins to appear on the
trees, a quantity of the cheapest whale oil, say a
quart, is put into an iron sauce-pan, or any other
convenient vessel with a long handle. The vessel
is then put over a quick fire, until tlie heat is raised
iufficient to inflame the oil. In this state it is
leld under the boughs of the trees, on which the
ivorm is seen, in such a manner as to allow the
umes of the burning oil to rise into every part of
he tree, but not allowing the flame nor too much
leat to reach any part. Five or six minutes is
ime enough to destroy every worm on a tree.

Animal oil, being a most deadly poison to every
lescription of vermin, is by this means carried to
very part, in sufiicient quantity to destroy the in-
ect, without injuring the tree.

I am, dear sir, with respect.

Your obedient servant,

Joseph Dix,orf.
Tannton, May 4, 1835.

I-UCKY AND UNLUCKY DAY S.

Soothsayers, wizards can you despise.

And laugh at ghosts, at spooks, and prodigies ?

So7nebody.

Mr Tucker — I believe I am as little inclined as

most other men to observe lucky and unlucky days.

These old Astrological notions have long been of

little influence with me, and I have generally sowed

and reaped when I was ready without regard to the

moon, stars or constellations ; yet I have observed

that men who regarded these objects with religious

exactness, usually succeeded and got rich, while

thiir more unobservant neighbors often failed and

grew poor by dint of pressing forward ; and I have

accounted for it in this way. The man who can

take time to observe the phases of the moon, stars

and constellations, is usually more methodical, and

often succeeds, when those who go by hop, skip and

jump, often make more haste than speed. A friend

of mine is very much in the habit of going by hop,

skip and jump; he is always in trouble, has been

frequently burnt out, and lost many cattle and hogs,

while another, with one tenth part of his intellect

and a great observer of the moon, has grown rich.

I therefore conclude that « the race is not to the

swift, nor the battle always to the strong."

Yours, R. M. W.

Genesee Farmer.]

ble bushes and marshes of the sea-coast. These
animals live on crabs and roots ; they associate in
herds, are of a gray color, and smaller than the Eu-
ropean swine. At certain periods of the year they
swim in herds, consisting of sometimes a thousand,
from one side of the river Sink to the other, at its
mouth, where it is tliree or four miles broad, and
again return at stated times. This kind of passage
also takes place in the small islands, by their swim-
ming from one to the other. On these occasions
they are hunted by a tribe of the Malays who live
on the coasts of the kingdom of Siak,and are called
Salettaiis. During the passage the boars precede,,
and are followed by the females ainl the young, all
in regular rows, each resting its snout on the
rump of the preceding one. Swimming thus, in-
close rows, they form a suigular appearance.-- ==:
Domesticated Jinimals.

[For the New England Farmer.]

Mr Editor — I wish through your useful paper
could obtain some account of the cause and cure
f what is called Spring Halt, in horses. I see
1 the Farmer a great number of useful recipes
f almost every kind, but have been unable either
lere or elsewhere to find any retitedy for the
aring halt ; which I presume to be attributable
) a general impression that it is no other injury
» a horse than the looks : but even on that ground
lone, a fact, ho\vever, I am unwilling to admit, I
loidd think it an object worth attention, and if
ossible, an effort to cure. I have, therefore, been
rompted to make this small communication,
oping that it may meet the eye of some of your
:ientific readers, who may be able and willing,
trough the medium of the Farmer, to favor me
id the i)ublic also, with the information asked
r, and thus very much oblige An Inquirer.

Internal Improvement.— The cost of the nav-
igation of the Schuylkill in Pennsylvania, which
was several years in being completed, was nearly
three millions. For two or three years, the amount
of toll was quite small. In 1825, when the coal
trade began, the tolls amounted to $15,500 ; and in
1833, the business had so much increased, the sum
received was $335,000, of which $338,000 was for
conveyance of coal. Many viillages have grown up
in the vicinity of the coal mines and of the canal.
Here is a great speculation for the benefit both of
the proprietors and the people.

In 1834, 90,000 tons of Lehigh coal were exca-
vated and sold ; being much larger than in any one
year before. The canals connected whh the coal
mines, and by which its conveyance to depots
where vessels take it is greatly facilitated, are to the
extent of two hundred and fifty miles. A rail-road
is also proposed from Wilksbarre to the Lehi<'h
about fourteen miles. At Mauch Chunk, real estate
has risen rapidly within twoyears.— American Mag-
azine,

Another use for India RuEBER^-=*Aa we
said yesterday, the caoutchouc^businrss has spread
iiself rapidly. One manufacturer hasrcommenGedi
making India Rubber coffins. — Cowiw.

We saw a few days smee, a coffin rftlie above
description at the India Rubber store of Mr S. C.
Smith, 68 Chatham street. Mr S. informed us
that he has manufitctured such to order for three
years past. The article is a substitute for the
lead coflins, and answers the sanie pnrpose, be--
sides beuig cheaper, lighter, and moiie' speedily
prepared. — JV. Y. Paper.

The Casco and Kennebec Corporation had their
meeting on Saturday last, organized and accepted
their charter. We understand the whole stock
(f 150,000) has been taken up. We can conceive
no more decisive evidence of the enterprise of our-
fellow citizens, than the readmess thus manifested
to give their aid to a work of great public utility^
— Eastern Argus.

Chalk.— Colonel Dodge, of the United States
Army, has lately found a quarry of Chalk near the
Missouri. The mineral had not before been discov-
ered in our country, though sought for and supposed
to exist ; except that Professor Nuttall detected some
a few years ago, in the western country, less pure
and of less extent tlian that discovered by Colonel
Dodge —It is probably known that Chalk is formed
by thecai-bonateof lime,and is a neutral or com-
pound salt ; but pure Chalk has not before been
found in the United States.— 76.

Foot Race— A purse of $1300 was won by a
Yankee from old Connecticut, on the 24th ult. in
a pedal race over the Union Course^ Long Islands
Heni-y Stannard, the winner, run ten miles in fifty
nine nuuutes and fortyeight seconds. He was a
fi^irmer by occupation, six feet and one inch tall,
and weighed a hundred and sixtyfive pounds.
There were nine competitors, three of whom ac-
complished the whole distance. The Yankee,
before named, a Prussian, named George W^
Glauer, in one hour and thirtyfour seconds, an
Irishman, Patrick Mahony, in one hour, twa
minutes and fifteen seconds.

Sumatra IIog — In the Island of Sumatra there
is a variety of the hog, that frequents the impenetra-

Pennstlvania and Ohio Canal This im--

provcment is one of the most important to Phil-
adelphia that ever has been projected. Thft
books for subscription to the capital stock, were
opened on the 97th at 10 o'clock, at the exchange,
and the com]>etitiou for access to the room was of
the most lively kind. The whole number of shares
offered, being 6000 in number were taken in less
than half an hour. When this canal is completed
the trade of the upper lakes beyond Cleveland^
will have access to Philadelphia, one month be-
fore the Erie Canal is opened. Several weeka
ago the navigation of Lake Erie west of Cleve-.
land, was opened, and we have not yet learned
that the ice has left Buffalo haxhor.— Albany Dai.
Adv. ^

348

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAY 13, 1839.

^=©32i2]S<S'^a.1[£"3ri^Si

[From Traiisainion3 of the Essex Agricultural Society fur I834.J
ON AGRICCLTURAI, IMPLEMEIVTS.
The Coniinittee on tlie extiriiiiiatioii of Agri-
cultural Iiiipleinents, of a new iovtutioi) or im-
provement, beg leave to report : —

Tliat no new invention was oflercd for preniinm
and but one improvement, wliicli ivas a lever af-
fixed to the cutter of the N. York cast iron side
hill plough, so as to bring it more truly to the use
of the coulter, on both sides, than any one fixed
in the centre of the beam could. This improve-
ment is a simple, but in the minds of tlie Com-
mittee, a useful one, and they therefore award to
Mr John FoUansbee, of West Newbury, a gratuity
of two dollars.

Moses Colman, Esq. sent for exhibition his
horse rake, made by the shakers of Canterbury,
of beautiful construction, every tooth shielded
with iron, and a most complete instrument, which
has been proved by two years' use.

The field for improvement, though much culti-
vated within the last fifteen or twenty years, is
still open for the ingenuity of man to exercise his
skill in abridging manual labor, and thereby re-
ducing the greatest item of expense attendant on
the i>ractical farmer.

The jdough, for which more than a hundred
patents have been obtained, since the proimilga-
tion of that glorious document, the declaration of
Independence, has, by late improvements, arrived
to such perfection, tliat could our oxen, like Ba-
laam's ass, be endowed with the power of speech,
they would shout, Howard forever, or, in the more
quaint language of the late political times, " Huzza
for Howanl," the man who has relieved our necks
of half their burden, and aided the harrow in its
duties.

The thresliing mills have experienced great im-
provements. The Pennsylvania revolving horse
rake is also an implement of great utility, and it
still remains for man to apply the horse power to
the cutting and sjireading, as well as raking of
hay. Improvement in the art of corn shelling, so
as to combine the separation of the corn from the
cob, and the complete cleansing of the corn for
use, still remains a desideratum for the ingenuity
of man to supply.

With tlic hope that these suggestions may stim-
ulate inventive minds to action, to supply these
deficiencies, we most cordially offer our grateful
thanks to ;;1! those laborers in tliis most useful
field, wlio, by their invention have abridged labor,
and thereby benefited their country
Hector Cokfin, j
Daniel Putnam, > Commillce.
Moses N

COKFIN, j

Putnam, >
"iJewell. )

As it has been one of the objects of tlie Essi2x
Agricultural Society to encourage domestic Man-
ufactures— an important branch of which is color-
ing, an art more or less practised in most farmers'
fanulies — an art for some beautiful specimens of
which gratuities from the funds of the Society
have been given — an art which will be still more
needed should the culture and manufacture of
silk among us be successfully prosecuted to imy
considerable extent — the committee of publication,
believing that it will be interesting to a large por-
tion of the readers of this pamphlet, have procur-
ed the following essay to be prepared :

ON COLORING.

The art Of fixing on cloths beautiful colors, al-
though not one of the most necessary, has been
made by the fashions, taste, and pride of men, in
all ages and nations, one of the most valued of
inventions. It is altogether a chemical art. Its
theory is now well understood, and is in a high de-
o-ree interesting to every studious mind, useful to
all engaged in manuilicturing, or in buying, sell-
ing, or consuming colored fabrics. It is, there-
fore worthy the attention of all our readers.

Colors, to be permanent, must be combined with
the fibres of the silk, wool, cotton or linen of
which the cloth is composed. To understand
how this can be effected, we must acquaint our-
selves with the laws of chemical affinity. Affinity
is nothing more than the disposition or tendency
which two or more substances have to unite and
form a new compound, differing greatly insomeof
its qualities from the simple subtances of which
it is cotnposed ; one substance is therefore said to
have an affinity for another when on being
brought in contact it unites with and assumes new
appcanmce and qualities. For example, if iron
and sul))huric acid (oil of vitriol) be brought to-
gether they gradually unite and form sidphate of
iron (green vitriol or copperas) but the sulphuric
acid has a stronger affinity for lime than it has
for iron ; if, therefore, lime he brought into con-
tact with sulphate of iron, the sulphuric acid
quits the iron, seizes on the lime, and forms the
sulphate of lime (plaster of Paris). Substances
used in dyeing possess an affinity for the fibres of
the cloth and when dissolved in water or some
other liquid, and brought into contact, they unite,
and change either the color of the fibres, or so
change their qualities, as to dispose thein to unite
with other coloring matter for which before they
had no affinity.

The art of dyeing then consists in combining a
certain coloring matter with the fibres of the cloth.
This process cannot be well performed unless the
dye-stuff be dissolved in some liquid, and the par-
ticles so separated that their attraction for each
other becomes weaker than the attraction for
them exerted by the cloth. When the cloth is
ilippcd into this solution, it attracts the coloring
matter, and from its stronger affinity takes it from
the solvent and fixes it upon itself. The facility
with which cloth imbibes a dye, depends on two
circumstances, namely, the affinity between the
cloth and the dye stuff, and the affinity between
the dye-stuff and its solvent. It is of importance
to preserve a due proportion between these two
affinities, as upon that proportion imich of the
accuracy of dyeing depends. If the affinity be-
tween the coloring matter and the cloth be too
great, comi)ared with the affinity between the col-
oring matter and the solvent, the cloth will lake
the dyo too rapidly, and it will be scarcely possi-
ble to prevent its color from being unequal. On
the other hand, if the affinity between the coloring
matter and the solvent be too great, compared with
that between the coloring matter and the cloth, it
will either not take the color at all, or take it very
fiiintly. Wool has the strongest affinity for most
coloring matter, silk the next strongest, cotton a
nuich weaker affinity, and linen the weakest of all.
In order, therefore, to dye cotton or linen, the dye-
stuff should, in many cases, be dissolved in a
liquid for which it has a weaker affinity than for
the solvent employed in dyeing wool or silk. Thus
we may use iron dissolved in sulphuric acid to

dye wool, but for cotton and linen it is better dis-
solved in vinegar. Was it possible to obtain a
sufficient variety of coloring matters having a
strong affinity for cloth, the ait of dyeing would
be exceedingly simple and easy. But this is by
no means the case ; if we except the indigo, the
dyer is scarcely possessed of a dye-stuff which
yields of itself a good color, sufficiently perma-
nent to deserve the name of dye. To obviate
this difficulty, some substance must be etnployed
which has a strong affinity both for the cloth and
the coloring matter. Substances employed for
this purpose, are called mordants. Those chiefly
used are earth, or metals, in the form of salts or
in solution, tan, and oil. One of the most fre-
quently used is alum. This salt is composed of
pure clay (alumina) dissolved in sulphuric acid.
Into a solution of alum the cloth is dipped, the
fibre of the cloth having a stronger affinity for
the clay than the sulphuric acid has, unites per-
manently with it. It is then taken out, washed
and dried, and will be found a good deal heavier
than before, although the color remains the same,
the clay, which now forms a part of it, being per-
fectly white. The cloth may now be dyed by
dipping it in a solution of any coloring matter for
which the clay has a strong affinity. The clay
and coloring matter may be united ])revious to the
immersion of the cloth, and the fibres will still
unite themselves with the compound, but not so
equally and permanently as when dipped into each
of the solutions separately. But the sulphuric
acid has rather too strong an affinity for the clay
to yield it readily even to wool. Most dyers,
therefore, add to the solution of alum a quantity
of tartar. Tartar is composed of potash and an
acid found in grapes and some other vegetables,
called tartaric acid. When solutions of alum and
tartar are mixed, the sulphuric acid quits the clay
and seizes on the potash, dislodging at the same
time tartaric acid, which seizes in turn on the clay
just abandoned by the sulphuric acid. The tar-
taric acid, having a weaker affinity for the clay
than the sulphuric acid possesses, yields it more
readily to the clotli. Another purpose is also gain-
ed : the sulphuric acid remains combined with
the potash, and this corrosive substance is thereby
prevented from injuring the texture of the cloth,
For cotton and linen, which have a weaker affinity
to clay than wool or silk, another process becomes
necessary. Lead or lime dissolved in acetic
acid (vinegar) is poured into the solution of ahmi.
A solution of sugar of lead is frequently used
The suli>huric acid quits the clay and seizes on th
lead or lime, both of which united with this acidj
form insoluble powders, which fall to the bottoraj
and the acetic acid unites with the clay, for which
it possesses only a weak affinity, and readily yields
it to the cotton or linen immersed in it.
[To be continued.]

PRUNING ORCHARDS. |

In a conversation the other day with our friend
Paine Wingate, who has nuich experience in or?
charding, he observed that much damage was an-
nually done to the orchards in Maine by the bar-
barous manner in which they are too often pruned
by hacking them with an axe and leaving a man.-
gled stub projecting above the limb. The conse-
quence is, that the wound never heals— water get!
in, the wood decays— and a cavity is made whicl
finally destroys the branch entirely, or brings it inti
an unhealthy state and makes an unsightly appear

itroii. xin. NO. 34.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

349

once. A fine saw should always lie used, and even
then the bark about the stuiiip should be pared
iway in a bevel form, for the friction of the saw
will start the bark a little way down and unless it
be cut off", the water will get in and prevent its
healing so fast as it will, if the started bark should
be cut oft'. There is also not sufficient attention
paid to the thinning out the central portions or
branches of the tree so as to let the sun and air
in among the apples, which will otherwise be less
likely to have the true flavor that arises from
being thoroughly ripened by free access to the
eun and air. These suggestions are well worth
fhe consideration of orchardists. We have seen
too many apparently young orchards suffering by
the scalpmg and tomahawliing which they have un-
dergone. Great care should be taken to make as
little wound as possible, while clearing away the su-
pernumerary branches. The business of orcharding
^vill undoubtedly hereafter be pursued not only to
a greater extent than it lias hitherto done, notwith-
standing many have very foolishly demolished
trees that have been reared with great care, anxie-
ty and hope. There seemed to be an idea preva-
lent that the legitimate use of apples, was for
tnaking cider only, and when the call for that sub-
sided, many considered them as useless incum-
brances, and of course down with them. But the
fact that they are more valuable for feeding cattle,
sheep and swine, is beginning to be inore known
and more practised, and we doubt not that the
apple tree will again become a favorite with those
who have destroyed it. — Maine Farmer.

BOOK FARMIKG.

We have been told of the following facts, and
Ihave only to regret that the like to them are not of
more frequent occurrence. A number of intelligent
farmers residing in a neighborhood, somewhere, we
jbelieve, iu Dutchess county, concluded to form a
[farmer's association — -to make a common stock of
their knowledge and observation — believing that
knowledge, like money would be productive in pro-
portion to the capital. It was known that A. raised
the best horses, and got the best price for them : that
B. was far more successful in his wheat and corn
crops than his neighbors ; that C. reared the finest
neat cattle, and kept the best cows and oxen j thot
D. excelled in sheep husbandry ; and, in short, that
Bopie individual excelled the rest in a particular
branch of husbandry. Each possessed not only
some excellence, but some glaring defect in his
management. Thus the farm stock of one were
sickly, and many died, because the owner did not
know how to manage them ; another's farm had be-
come dreadfully impoverished, from neglecting the
manure, and from close cropping, while the farm
of a third was neither fit for plough land, or for
sweet grass, on account of the water which every-
where saturated the soil, and rendered it poachy,
cold and sour. Unlike too many now-a-days, each
of these men was conscious he could learn from
his neighbor's practice, which would enable him to
manage his farm with more profit — and that he
could teach his neighbors something in return.
These expectations were amply realized ; but as
the members lived somewhat remote, it struck them
that it would save much time, and be a more sure
way of rendering the improvements of all available

to e.tch, if they were to write down their practice
in the particular branch in which they respectively
excelled, and the principles, or science, upon which
that practice was based. This was accordingly
done: and for their mutual convenience, as well as
for the benefit of others, the whole was printed and
these men were afterwards denominated, by some
of their envious neighbors, book farmers, because
they took their instructions from a printed book.
This did not disturb them ; for they got from their
book the secrets by which the others had excelled
in their particular department, and each profited by
the good management of his neighbors. The con-
sequeqce was, that all gained by the interchange.
The defects of all were speedily remedied, and in a
few years prosperity crowned their labors ; and
they now exhibit, we are told, the best models of
profitable farming anywhere to be found in the
land ; and they enjoy the felicity of reflecting, that
while they have greatly benefited themselves and
their families, they have by their example and in-
struction, done much good to others. They have
afforded a fair illustration of the advantages of book
farming, when combined with intelligent practice.

Weie this example extended to the farming com-
munity of our country, how greatly the work of im-
provement would advance, and the comforts of the
human family be multiplied : were each to con-
tribute his mite of practical knowledge in the branch
in which he most excels, what a treasure of infor-
mation would be collected, to guide us in our prac-
tice, and to stimulate us to habits of industiy. And
do we not already possess, in a considerable degree,
these precious advantages ? What are our agricul-
tural journals, but a record of instructions, by the
best farmers of our own and every other country —
a detail of the methods by which they have suc-
ceeded— have excelled — in the various departments
of husbandry ? There is not a man in the com-
munity who may not profit, in some degree, by the
teachings of these journals. The self-wise are ever
the most profoundly ignorant i for as we advance
ill knowledge, we become more and more humbled
by the consciousness of our comparative ignorance.

We beg that the readers of the Cultivator will
take this matter into serious consideration, and re-
member, that an obligation rests upon them individ-
ually, to requite the favors which they are monthly
receiving from others, by communicating whatever
of their practice that may promise to be beneficial
to their brother farmers. — Cultivator.

LANcnAGE OF Animals. — The acuteness of the
sheep's ear suppasses all things in nature that 1
know of. A ewe will distinguish her own lamb's
bleat, among a thousand, all bleating at the same
time, and making a noise a aiQitsand times louder
than the singing of psalms at a Cameronian sacra-
ment in the fields where thousands are congregated
— and that is no joke either. Besides, the distin-
guishment of voice is perfectly reciprocal between
the ewe and lamb, who, amid the deafening sound,
run to meet one another. There are few things
have ever amused me more than a sheep shearing,
and then the sport continues the whole day. We
put the flock into the fold, set out all the lambs to

the hill, and then send the ewes to them as they are
shorn. The moment that 0 lamb hears its dam's
voice, it rushes from the crowd to meet her, hut in-
s ead of finding the rougii well clad, comfortable
mamma, which it left an hour or a few horns ago,
it meets a poor, naked, shrivelling— a most deplo-
rable looking creature. It wheels about, and utter-
ing a loud, tremulous bleat of perfect despair, flies
from the frightful vision. The mother's voice ar->
rests its flight — it returns — flies, and returns again,
generally for ten or a dozen times, before the recon-
ciliation is fairly made up. — James Hogg.

The largest hog that we have ever seen is noAV in
possession of Mr P. Mehan. It measures from
the snout to the extremity of the tail, eleven feet,
is five feet in height, and weighs 233 pounds.
It is remarkably well shaped, and the flesh is of
extraordinary firmness, considering its size. It
appears to be in perfect health, and may yet at-
tain a much larger growth, being not quite three
years old. — Dublin Journal.

Portable Railway.— A novel machine was a
few days ago exhibited in the Kensington and
Chapham roads. It consisted of asort of carriace
wheel which carries a rail road for itself, upon
which the carriage travels with great facility and
quickness. It was composed of a jointed square
instead of a circle, and has four rollers, not touch-
ing the roail, and for feet which alternately come
to the ground, producing a kind of walking and
escaping obstacles. We understand that it is the
invention of L. Gompertz, Esq. — Rail Road
Jour.

Drtin-c Unripe Corn. — Mr Editor Several

methods of drying unripe corn for winter use are
recommended and may be i)ractised with advan-
tage. Probably the worst of these is the com-
mon one of boiling, and afterwards cuttin"- the
grain from the cob. The corn is not onl/ de-
prived of much of its sweetness and flavor by the
boiling, but the best, though not the largest part of
the kernel, the corculum, or as it is called by the
farmers, chit, is loft on the cob, A far better plan
is that adopted by the Indians of Lake Michitran
who roast corn in a sand bath heated by a "lire'
which they make on abed of soft sand, into which
the ears are plunged. After being roasted in
this way, it is removed from the cob and kept in
sacks for winter use.

A neater and still better method is, to put the
ears of green corn into a baker, or oven of any
kind, aud roast them about as muciias you would
do for immediate use. The corn is then shelled,
and spread to dry for a few days, either iu the
open air or a dry room ; and may be kept for
years. * When thoroughly boiled (for at least 12
hours) it is as tender and soft as green corn, to
which in flavor it is in no way inferior, and con-
slitutes a most admirable mgredient in soups, or
if eaten by itself is one of the most delicious and
wholesome dishes that can possibly be prepared.

A diet consisting exclusively of corn preserved
in this way is regarded as a specific in the remov-
al of a predisposition to cancer.

Yours respectfully.

Cultivator.] Edwi.n' James.

m

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAY 13« 1835.

gfjsw Jisi'^a^sr3js> S'^ms^nma

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 13, 1335.

FARMER'S WORK FOR MAY.

Insects. — It is now time to be taking measures for
guarding against the pett)' but powerful adversaries of
tlie cultivator, which too often succeed in destroying and
devouring the most valuable fruits of his labors. Among
the substances, which are either offensive or fatal to all
sorts of insects may be numbered elder, especially of the
dwarf kind, tobacco, quick lime, lime water, brimstone,
unleached ashes, tar water, water impregnated with tur-
pentine, plaster of Paris finely pulverized, decoctions of
walnut leaves, and oilier bitter and acrid articles.

Boiling water is likewise an effectual and .sometimes
an expedient application for the destruction of insects
which have taken possession of a soil, and are lying wait
to devour its vegetable products, as soon as seeds germi-
nate or plants are developed. We have known beds or
plats in gardens well scalded previous to sowing them
with the seeds intended for them, with perfect success
against worms, grubs, and every .'ipecies of insects,
which had its habitation in the plat to which the boiling
water was applied. This operation, if thoroughly per-
formed, cannot fail to destroy not only every reptile
within reach of its influence, but those eggs or nits,
which are lodged in the soil, and are maturing for mis-
chief.

It would be well, after a bed has been scalded, as
above directed to inclose it with slips of boards, bark, or
some other suitable material to prevent the access of in-
sects from its neighborhood. Hills intended for cabbages,
cucumbers, melons, squashes, &c. &c., after having
been scalded, or sometimes only dug over, and carefully
inspected, have been surrounded with strips of white
birch bark, shingles, boards, &c. and remained impreg-
nable to every kind of creeping thing. If this defence
is covered over the top with a strip of gauze or muslin,
the plants are secured against bugs, flies, &c.

Wo are inclined, to believe that the best, and perhaps
the only safeguard of plants in many cases, against flying
insects is something, which will entirely preclude their
access. Mr Levi Bartlctt of Warner, New Hampshire,
has recommended a covered frame, constructed as
follows :

" Take a strip of pine board (about three fourths of an
inch in thickness is most suitable) eight or ten feet in
length, and four or five inches in width, plough one edge
of it with a carpenter's plough, or match plane, then
mark off the side and end pieces ; before sawine the
side pieces, run a brad awl through where you wish to
drive your nails, as it is not so likely to split as after it is
sawed. The side pieces eleven inches long, ends eight
inches long. They must be of this particular size, be-
cause one yard of millinet will just cover nine boxes;
«r a third of a yard will make three covers. After having
nailed your boxes and divided your millinet, have some
thin strips or tongues, as the carpenters call them ; press
these with the c-dges of the coversinto the groove, which
fastens them much cheaper and more expeditiously than
small nails."

Shearing Sheep. — Writers on agriculture, mostly
assert that we commonly shear our sheep too early in this
country. In England where the season is more forward
than with us, they shear their sheep in June, or the fore
part of July. But Lemuel Briggs, Esq. of Bristol, in ar-
ticles published in the New England Farmer, vol. iii.
pages 283, 287, stated certain facts, which would seem
favorable to early shearing; and in certain circumstances,
and particularly with sheep that are not washed there

can be no doubt but the practice may be beneficial, Mr
Briggs stated in substance that Mr Rouse Potter of Pru-
dence Island, Narragansct bay, Rhode Island, who kept
nine hundred and fifty sheep, and lost but two the pre-
ceding winter, begins to shear them by the first of May,
if the weather is favorable, and continues daily until he
completes his shearing. For the first week he puts
those sheared under cover in close yards every night; by
that time the wool will grow so as to give them a suf-
ficient covering. By this practice of early shearing he
gains much wool, which formerly, when he put his
shearing off till the middle of June, the sheep would
shed; and further when thus early sheared, the wool be-
gins to start and grow much quicker than when shearing
is deferred to the usual time. He says that formerly,
being exposed immediately after shearing to the rays of
the sun, their bare backs would frequently become sore
and scabby, when no wool will grow till healed, and
then what does grow from the scars, is thinner and
coarser than the rest.

" Mr Potter states from actual experiment that he not
only gets more wool, which would otherwise be lost, but
the succeeding woul will be from half an inch to an inch
longer, if sheared early than it will be if delayed to the
usual time of shearing. And farther, there is not the
same necessity for washing the sheep as the wool is
much cleaner, more free from sand and dirt, when taken
off early, than it would he if suffered to remain on their
backs until a hot sun had compelled them to seek refuge
under walls and fences.

The foregoing authorities are apparently contradictory
as respects the time of year in which to shear sheep.
But Mr Potter did not wash his sheep before shearing,
which must make considerable difference with regard to
risk from cold ; and Mr Potter was careful to shelter
his sheep after shearing, which must in a great measure
obviate the disadvantages of early shearing.

-tlASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

FLOWERS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, Way 9, 1S35.
William Carter, from the Botanical Garden at Cam-
bridge— Viola grandiflora, improved hybrids, of various
colors.

Also; Seedling auriculas much admired.
For the Committee,

JoNA. WiNSHip, Chairman.

Baltimore Fakmek and Gardener. — The last num-
ber of this paper announces that Mr Hitchcock its late
proprietor has sold that concern to Messrs Sinclair and
Moore, of Baltimore. Mr Hitchcock slates in his
" Card Valedictory," that the gentleman who is selected
to conduct the paper is known to the undersigned to be
peculiarly well qualified for the task" &c. Mr H. will
in this month open in Philadelphia an Agricultural and
Horticultural Agency or Commission ofKce for the pur-
chase and sale chiefly of choice domestic animals of all
kinds," &c. &c.

In whatever location or employment Mr Hitchcock
may he engaged we wish success to him and his pursuits
and this with the more solicitude because from the na-
ture (if the concerns in which he is employed his prosper-
ity and the public good will in a great measure be
identical.

American Silk Hosiery — We were shown at Mf
Bird's Store, in this town, this week, some very beauti-
ful specimens of silk hosiery for gentlemen, entirely of
American fabric. They were a very neat and fine arti-
cle, with every indication of durability, and are equal if
not superior to those of European manufacture. The silk

was produced and manufactured at Dedham and sold at
$10 per lb. It was made into hose at the manufactory
in Newburyport. We believe that small quantities of
tilk goods have been occasionally manufactured in differ-
ent parts of our country, within a few years. Among
other articles, wc were shown about a year since, a large
variety of vesting patterns, manufactured by Mr Golding:
of this town. These things all give an earnest of wha^
may, and ultimately will be accomplished in this country
in the manufacture of silk goods. — Bunker Hill Aurora.-

WiNSHip's Green House and Norsery Grocrds,-
at Brighton, are at this season of the year, particularly
worth a visit, especially by those who are fcnd of hand-
some plants, to ornament their rooms, or who hnve
vacant ground which they would occupy with ornamen-
tal or fruit trees. To those who have small lots of gro'ind'
to cultivate, delays in setting out trees, shrubs and plants
are almost always to be regretted. A season lost, in such
work, is not easily in any case, to be regained, and we
advise all who are thinking of gardening, on some of
their grass-plots or of laying out new gardens, to do so
much of it this spring as will secure to them the advan-
tages of the season. If they do not, they will do as many
others have done, regret it next year. Every thing
necessary in the way of ornamental, forest and fruit
trees, shrubs, and plants, &c. &c. may be had at Win-
ship's and at the common prices for such articles. Farm-
ers who are usually deficient in goodfruils, — when their
city friends visit them, — would do well, save expense
and gratify their visiters, we have no doubt, by spend-
ing a few dollars in some good nursery. For a trifling
sum they can procure good trees, whose fruit will soon
be worth more than the cost of the trees. — Bunker Hill
Aurora.

Demand for Cocoons. — Judging from appearances,
the demand for cocoons and reeled silk, the coming sea-
son, will exceed the [supply in a thousand fold. The
silk manufactories in Dedham, Mansfield and this city,
are depending principally upon the new crop for the raw
material. The last year's crop is already exhausted, and
we understand that scarcely a bale of foreign silk can
be found in the commercial cities. Those, therefore,
who raise a crop this season may depend on its being
sought for by the manufacturers and at a very liberal
price. — We should not be surprised if they command $4
a bushel. Such persons, therefore, as have foliage, will
do well to make cocoons, if they are not prepared for
reeling.

The Jingo Tree which grew on the estate of the late
Gardner Greene, and of which we spoke the other day,
has been safely removed to the Common, where it is to
be planted. It is probably the largest tree ever trans-
planted in this vicinity, being 40 feet high, and the cir-
cumference, at 3J feet from the ground, 4 feet 4 inches.
The labor of transplanting it was undertaken by Mr
Sheridan, formerly gardener on the estate. The earth
was carefully removed from the roots, and the tree lifted
by shears and tackle from the ground, sufficiently high to
pass under it a low wheeled drag. The roots were
then carefully covered with matting, and the tree low-
ered upon the drag, on which it was easily supported
in an upright position, being kept from falling by ropes
attached to the top and held by men who walked along ,,
with it to its destination. Mr Sheridan tells us that there
is not the slightest doubt that it will live and flourish in '
its new location. — Boston Transcript.

No Lawyers are permitted to reside on the island of
St. Helena ; nor is a newspaper permitted to be printed i
there ; an almanac every year being the only production
of the press.

VOL. xm. NO, 44.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

351

RICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE

COKBECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

PPLES, .....

EANS, white,

EEF, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1. . . .

prime, ....
KESWAX, (Americnn) . ,
UTTER inspected. No. 1, .
HEESE, new milk, . . . ,

skimmed milk,
EATHERS, nortiiern, geese,
southern, geese,
LAX, American, . . . .

LAXSEED, . 1

f.onR, Genesee, . . cash .
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
RAIN, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white.
Rye, northern,
Barley, . . . .

Oats, nonhern, . (prime)
AT, best English, ....
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, ....

3NEY,

3PS, 1st quality

2d quality ....
LRD, Boston, 1st sort, ,
southern, 1st sort,
;atb£R, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do, upper. .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
ME, best sort, ....
RK, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .
Navy, mess, ....
bone, middlings,
EDS, Herd's Grass,
Red Top,

Red Clover, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle, .
LLow, tried, ....
)0L, prime, or Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4(hs do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed
a ("Pulled superfine,
cj-o I 1st Lambs, .

'■S=<.'^<i do- . .

^S. 3d do, . ,
"^ I 1st Spinning, .
ilhern pulled wool is generally 5 cts.
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

gallon
pound

FROM

3 00

2 37

12 00

10 00

800

20

15

8

H

40

3S

10

1 25

5 37

5 75

525

5 56

83

77

72

85

63

45

18 00

12 50

14 00

37

12

H
8
19
12
16

(1

18

"

27

ti

25

cask

1 00

barrel

20 00

"

16 00

li

8

bushel

225

"

77

pound

8

tt

25

cwt.

7 50

pound

70

60

'*

55

U

45

"

40

"

38

"

60

II

45

u

30

u

25

It

35

3 50

2 60

12 50

10 50

850

24

17

9

6

45

39

11

1 30

6 12

5 87

5 37

5 62

85

80

73

90

65

46

19 50

13 00

15 00

42

13

10

9

20

14

18

20

29

27

125

21 00

17 00

850

2 50

100

9

30

800

85

65

60

50

45

60

65

50

30

•WAHiTS A SITUATIOar AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is well acquainted with his business in al
Its branches, and who can procure good recommendations from
his last employers. Enquire at G. C. Barrett's Agricultural
Warehouse, Boston. i,i6.

SIIiK COCOONS -WANTED.

The subscriber, encouraged by the lale act of the Legisla-
ture lo reel and throw Ameiicaii Silk, wishes to purchase at
the Agricultural Warehouse in Boston, Sjik Cocoons, and will
pay ^3 per bushel for the best, and in proportion for poorer
ones- [m6] G- C. B.ARREl'T.

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Brushhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing 16 acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre contauiing valuable fruits
&.C. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good stale of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruii. For terms and particulars uiquire of Messrs LOT
WHEELRIGHT Sf SON, 4<; Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT al this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises.

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines
for sale bv Jon atha.v Boyce, Market Street, Lynn.

march 25.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold, a number of fine animals, from the breed of
Denton, Admiral, Wye Comet, &c. Apply to A. Green-
wood, on the Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's Meeting-
House, in Dorchester. feb. 25.

KALMIAS, AZALEAS, &c.

The subscriber will furnish Kalmia lalifolias ami Azalea
nndifloras in bundles of 25 each, packed in moss, at the rate
of gI2,50 per hundred, delivered at Geo. C. Barrett's
Seed Store, who is agent, at short notice. Also, a great vari-
ety of indigenous and exotic shrubs, and herbaceous plants

Lancaster Garden, March 27. JOS. BRECK.

FOR SALE OR TO LET,

A valuable Farm situated in Medford, about five miles from
this city, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
or would be let on shares, provided a temperate man should
want the same.

For further particulars apply at this office. m 11

VALUABLE WORK ON AGHICULTURE.

This Day published by Gfo. C. Barrett, THE COM-
PLETE FARMER A.ND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T,

G. FtssENDE.i. Second edition, remsed and improved by the
Author, Willi considerable additions.

The first ed'lion ivaf published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent tor a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped nnpression Ijas still higher recom-
mendations to public patronage, and cannot fail to prove still
more useful to the commumly of cultivators.

This work has met wlih decided and universal approbation
from Ihe most competent judges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
Lowell and Rev, Henry Colman, The Editors of Ihe
New York Farmer, ihe New England Magazine, the Maine
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's iMagajine, .^-c. have given favor-
aiile critiques of iho Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number lo publish
those of the other geiillemeu who have honored the ^^ork with
th.eir approiialion.

'•Roxhury, April 6, 1835.
" Having perused wiih altenlion Ihe Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fcsscnden, Esq, in its first
edition, and having recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory to a second edition, I am of opinion that it is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know Ihal the sci-
e ce of Agriculture is so extensive as lo fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in sucii an a-
bridgement full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But 1 know of no abridged work in Ihe French or
English languages which conveys more inslruciion in so small
a compass than this work of Mr Fesjenden.

m6 John Lowell"

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

Fine, large, three years old Koois of the Dutch Asparagus
or sale by GEO. C. BARRET 1', aprii 15. ,

P R O V

I S I O N MA

KETAIL PRICES.

R K E T,

MS, northern,
southern,
iK, whole hogs,

ILTRY, .
rTER,(lub) .

lump

!S,

'ATOES,

ER,

,

pound

10

12

'•

%

8

*'

b

7

"

10

14

•■

:;

18

20

dozen

14

16

bushel

45

50

barrel

2 75

300

GROUND PLASTER,

From Ihe Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs.
each, constantly on hand and for sale by GEO. CL.ARK &•
CO. No. 9, T Wharf. april 8.

GRIST MILL MACHINERY FOR SALE.

A grist mill, with geering complete, built in the best manner,
and has been running but a very short lime — stones 5 feet 6
inches diameter — runner 19 inches thick — removed for the
accommodation of other machinery.

One runner, 5 feet diameter, 17 inches thick.

Two driving wheels, partly worn, with pinions and spindles.

A pair of mill stones, superior grit, 4 feet 8 inches diameter,
runner 18 inches thick, with the requisite iron work.

The above will be sold low, if immediate application is made
at the counting room of the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.

march 11.

UGHTON MARKET.-MoNDAY, May 11, 1835.

[Reported for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot, J
a Market 530 Beef Cattle, 14 pairs Working Oxen,
:ows and Calves, 725 Sheep, and 450 Swine, About
Beef Cattle and 400 Sheep unsold.
RICES.— Bee/ Cattle— We do not at this season of the
r, recollect ever seeing so large a proportion of ordi-
f cattle at market at one time, some of v\hich were
jedingly inferior. A few pair purchased by " lump,"
may have cost above our highest quotations. We
te prime at 37s 6 a 40s 6, good 34s 6 a 378 6, thin at
I 33s.

'orldn^ Oien— Sales at $70, 78, 85, 95, 100 and 105
owsand Calves— Sulea at $21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30
38.

lee;i— Dull ; one lot sheared were, taken at 18s ; also
not sheared at 263 3d, 33s, and 34s G.
«ne— Several lots were taken to peddle at .5^ for
i and 6i for barrows, at retail, under 80, 7 and 8.
■ 80, 5i a 6 and 6i a 7.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. Buckminster's Nursery, Framingham : — Apple
trees, Cherry trees, Pear trees, Peach Irees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, al cus-
tomary pri ce5. * march 4.

GRAPE VINES &. PLUM TREES.

Isabella and Catawba of extra size and Ked and While
Chasselas Grapes, and of the foreign varieiies.

Also — Plum trees of vigorous growth and of ihe most ap-
proved kinds, for sale by SAMUEL POND, Cambridgeport-

Orders may be left al the N. E. Farmer Office, march 13,

Newbury port Agricultural Warehouse and
SEED STORE.

The subscriber, Agent for the New England Seed Store,
has received a full assortment of Garden and Floicer Seeds,
laised and put up expressly for the New England Seed Es-
tablishment, in papers wiih their labels on iliein, with directions
for cultivating, i^-c, warranted of the growth ol 1834,

.Also received from ihe .Vgriculiural Warehouse, Boston,
and Alanufactiirers, a general assnrtmenl of Ploudis, Culliva-
lors. Hay Cullers, Hay Knives, Hoes, Garden Hoes, Manure
Forks, Shovels, S.>ades, Churns, c^-c. The above establish-
ment was opened by the subscriber last Spring, and arrange-
ments made lo be constantly .supplied with all kinds of Gar
den and Farming '1 oola, including those of the Dairy, which
he offers at manufacturers' prices. WM, HILL,

No. 3, South Row, Market Square.

Newburyport, April 1. 3i*

PEAR STOCKS, &c.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocks; Apple Slocks;
While and Pink Flowering Horse Chesnuts, and Honey Lo-
custs, for sale on very reasonable terms. Appiv to

April 29. GEO. C. BARRETT,

NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST.

George C. Barrett and Russell, Odiorke .!(• Co.
Boston, have now in press, and will publish in a few weeks, the
second edition, greativ enlarged and improved, of the NEW
AMERICAN ORCHARDIST, or an account of the most val-
uable fruits of all climates, adapted to cultivation In Ihe United
Slates, with their history, uses, modes of culture, management
&c. Also, useful vegetables, ornamental forest trees, shrubs,
and flowers, silk, bees, &c. By William Kenrick.

4000 APPLE TREES

For sale by the subscrilicr, al Fresh Pond, in Cambridge,
consisting of Baldwins, Russetts. Porters, Rivers, Siberian
Crabs, and Blue Pearmains. The trees are four years from
the bud and are probably the best in Massachuselis.

JONAS WYETH.

Cambridge, April 8,

FLOW^ER SEEDS.

An extensive collection ol splendid Annual, Biennial aii'l
Perennial Flower Seeds, comprising some new and choice
varieties, for sale by GEO, C, BARRETT, april 22.

ST HELENA POTATOES.

200 bushels of this very superior Potato for sale at Brimmer
lV Inches' store on the T wharf, al 80 cents per bushel bv MO-
SES HEALEY. apr'll 23

FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

An excellent Farm containing 70 acres, situated in Marlbo
rough. Mass,, wlih a house and bsrn thereon, for sale, or would
be exchanged for properly in the city of Boston, For lerms
and particulars inquire of G, C, BAKRETT al this office, or
N, B, PROCTOR, Esq. of said Marlborough, 6m.

AGENCY IN CONCORD, N. H.

William Kent has accepted the agency of the New Eng-
land Seed Establishment, and has received a full assorlmenl of
Garden and Flower Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
tions for cultivaiing, iScc. on each paper. These Seeds are
warranted, being raised in gardens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. March 24, IS.'ij,

SILVER FIRS, &.C.

William Mann of Bangor, Me. will e.xecule at short no-
tice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, ^■c. well packed and
in good order. april 8.

352

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

MAY 13, 18SE,

SffiaS'®^! E>'&Su^'Wa

[From tlie Mercantile Journal.]
TO M ,

ON BEING ASKED

" IF I BELIEVED IN DREAMS.'

Nay ! question not too closely, though 1 know
There lingers not around me any trace
Of icy superstition, or of a weak
And blind credulity — I cannot doubt
That he, who with all-grasping eye, and mind,
Scans all events — and whose all-powerful arra
Reaches from world to world, and spans their zones;
He, to whom future things are as the past,
And who, with all-enduring care and love,
Watches alike the eagle's towering flight
And lowly sparrow's fall — whose boundless power
To the soul-cheering sun, gives daily light;
Nor does disdain most freely to impart
Its nightly portion to the glow-worm's lamp —
Watches our sleeping as our waking thoughts; —
I do not think that he, whose guiding care
Permitteth not those waking thoughts to pass
Unheeded, would neglect his creatures, wrapped
In the sweet mantle of forgetfulness,
All dull and spell-bound in a mimic death ;
When the yet active mind, itself in twilight.
Borrows from youthful Fancy's lonely star
A beautiful, though palo and flickering radiance, —
May it not sketch before the mental eye
The shadows of events that are to come .'

Whence do those beautiful creations rise,

Those combinations of each hue and feature.

Those airy visions, where the mind, without

Its own volition, spurning the dull earlh.

Wandering afar amid ihe sunny groves

Of young Imagination, pictures forth

A thousand and a thousand gorgeous shapes.

All bright and fleeting, till Ihe exhausted fancy.

Alike without an impulse from itself.

Sinks back again, and winds that self around

Some earthly thought ? Perchance a father dear,

A mother, sister, brother, well-beloved.

Some cherished one, e'en more than either prized,

Pencilled on Mem'ry's page, by waking thoughts.-'

With slight reflection wo may often trace

" Home to their source, these lightnings of the mind"—

But oftener far, when we would try to reach

That hidden source, and to discern some tie

Between our waking thoughts and sleeping dreams.

We 're lost at once, and the mysterious fountain

Is as unfathomable as the dream

Was transient, and the deep conviction comes

That the Divinity, whose master-mind

Controls the Universe, nor doth neglect

The humble fates of individual man ; —

" Who shapes our ends, rough-hew them as we will,"

Doth often deign to warn us in our slumbers

Of some impending evil, or to incite

To pure and holy deeds the yielding soul.

And sometimes visions forth events that are

Within the bounds of hope, if we preserve

An onward, upward course, nor are cast down

By disappointments, crossing still our path :

'Tis a delightful, soul-refreshing thought !

1 pray you grant it me, nor e'er disdain

To learn a lesson true in Blorals, or

In Virtue pure, e'en from an airy Dream ! H.

GOOD RVIiKS.

Every action in company ought to be with some
sign of respect to those present.

In Ihe presence of others sing not to yourself with
a humming noise, nor drum with your fingers or
feet.

Sleep not when others speak, sit not when others
stnntl, speak not when you should hold your peace,
and walk not when others stop.

Be no flatterer, neither play with any one that
delights not to be played with.

Read no letters, book or papers in company, but
when there is a necessity for doing it, you must ask
leave. Come not near the books nor writings of
any one so as to read them unasked. Also, look
not nigh when another one is writing a letter.

Let your countenance be pleasant, but in serious
matters somewhat grave.

Show not yourself glad at the misfortunes of
another, though he were your enemy.

When you meet with one of greater quality than
yourself, stop and retire, especially if it be to a door,
or any straight place, to give way for bim to i)as3.

They that are in dignity or office have, to all
places, precedency ; but whilst they are young^
they ought to respect those that are their equals in
birth or in other qualities, though they have no
public charge.

It is good manners to prefer them to whom we
sjjeak before ourselves, especially if they be above
us, with whom, in no sort, we ought begin.

In visitingthe sick, do not presently play the phy-
sician, if you be not knowing therein.

In writing or speaking, give to every person his
due title, according to his degree and the custom of
the place.

Strive not with your superiors in arg^nnent, but
alv^'ays submit your judgment to others with mod-
esty.

Undertake not to teach your equal an art he him-
self professes; it savors of arrogancy.

When a man does all he can, though it succeeds
not well, blame not him that did it.

Being to advise or reprehend any one, consider
whether it ought to be in public or in private, pre-
sently or at some other time, also in what terms to
do it: and in reproving, show no signs of choler, do
it with sweetness or mildness.

Take all admonitions thankfully, in whatsoever
manner given ; but afterwards, not being culpable,
take a time or place convenient to let him know it
that gave them.

31ock not, nor jest at anything of importance ;
break no jests that are sharp biting and if you de-
liver anything witty and pleasant, abstain from
laughing thereat yourself.

Wherein you reprove another, be unblamable
yourself, for example is more prevalent than pre-
cept.

Use no reproachful language against one, neither
curses nor reviling. — Washington.

NANKIN & CANTON STKAW^ CARPETING.

Eliae Stone Brewer, No. 411 VVashingioii street, has
conslanll.v on hand a large assorlnicul of Straw Carpeting, of
various qualities and widths, among^ which are —
2o00 yards superfine Nankin, G-4
2000 do. do. do. 5-4.

3500 do. Canton do. 6-4
4500 do. do. do. 5-4

lease German Table Mais, a new and superfine
arlicle. April 1.

TO NURSERYMEN.

The subscriber wishes to relinquish Ihe charge of his exten-
sive Nurseries to a tenant, or share it with a competent associ-
ate. A ereen liouse is conteniplaled as an appendage to the
establishment. " '"'""' '

Worcester, March 16, 1835.

O. F1SK.E.

TO LET,

On a lease of five or more j'ears, as may be agreed upon, a
Farm, containing one hundred acres of Land, suitable for a
Dairy, with dwelling house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
site, a good orchard, and well watered. The situation is two
miles from the city of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden
For (urlher particulars address (post paid) to No. 265, box
post office, New Haven. Feb. 25.

TO I.ET,

A Farm of about 100 or more acres of Land, situated one
mile from the city of New Haven — very desirable as a Dairy,
a great part being pasture, and produces good hay. There is
a cottage, iind every requisite building, all newly erected, and
may be had for such term of years as may be agreed upon, at
a moderate rent. Address No. 265, Posl'Office, New Haven,
(post paid.)

The stock of Cows, Team, and Implements of Agriculture,
may be taken with the Farm at a fair valuation. Feb. 25.

cV 52

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEED.

Just received at the New England Seed Store, 51
North Market street,

A quantity of fresh and;.genuiDe While Mulberry-seed, from
one of ihe greatest Mulberry Orchards in Connecticut, warranl-
ed new and good, directions accompanying each package.

Dec. 31, 1834. GEO. C. BARRETT.

MORUS MUI.TICAUI.IS.

Trees of the above new variety of the Midberry for sale by
the subscriber at ,g40 per hundred, S5 per dozen, and 50 els.
each, beinff about six feet high. Orders solicited.

Feb. 18. GEO. C. BARRETT.

HERDS GRASS, OR TIMOTHY SEED.

200 Bushels Herds Grass .Seeds, growth of 1834, of very
good quality and unusually bright and clean, just received and
forsaleatthe New England Seed Slore, 51 & 52 North Market
5treel. GEO. C. BARRETT.

Jan. 7.

COMPI.ETE SET OP THE PARMER.

For sale at this office, one complete set of the New England
Farmer, comprising twelve volumes, neatly ai d well bound,
and perfect. Price g3 25 per volume, cash. Feb. IS.

GREEN HOUSE GLASS,

Of superior thickness with every quality of Window Glass
for sale by LORING ^- KUPFER, No. lO Merchants' Row.
Jan. 23. 2mis.

Put off no business which ought and can be
done to-day, until to-morrow. '

Every day has its appropriate duties, attend to
them in succession.

THE NEAY ENGLAND PARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at g3 per annum,
payable at the end "of the year — but those who pay within
si,\ty days from the lime of subscribing, arc enlilled lo a de-
duction of fifty cents.

53= No paper will be sent lo a distance without payment
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

New York — G C. Thorburn, 67 Liberty-street.
Albany — Wm. Thorburn, 347 Market-street.
Philadelphia — D. Sf C. Landbeth, 85 Chesnnl-slreet.
Baltimore — I. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmer
Cincinnati — S. C. Parkhurst, 23 Lower Market-street.
Flushing, N. Y. — Wm. Prince J\- Sons, Prop. Liu. Bol. Gar '
Middlehurij, Vl. — Wight Chapman, Merchant.
Hartford — GoouwiK .^ Co. Booksellers.
Neuiurtjporl — Ebenezek Stedmas, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. //.—John W. Foster, Bookseller.

Woodstock, ■ Vt J .A.Pratt.

Batigor, Me. — Wm. Mann, Druggist.

Hall/ax, N. S. — P. J. Hollakd, Esq. Editor of Recorder.

St. Louis— Geo. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTIiE AND WEEKS,

No, 8, School Street.

ORDERS FOR PRINTING RSCEITED BY THE rUBLlEHER.

WEW ENGL.AND FAKMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STUEET, (Agricultural Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 20, 183.5.

NO. 45.

A •© Si 3£ <g W a I£"iS? 3& 52 a

USES OP THE POTATO.

In the December number of the Edinburgh
Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, Mr II. McAdam
gives an article on the history and uses of the po-
tato. Although this vegetable was known to
Europeans soon after the discoveiy of America,
yet, for more than one hundred years, its merits
were unknown to the public. Not until about the
middle of the 18th century, was it cultivated as a
field crop in Great Britain. It has since been rap-
idly spreading over the world. Now, millions and
millions of bushels are annually cultivated. In a
comparatively few years, it will be cultivated in
other vast and populous portions of the globe ; and
thus, even the present immense quantity will be
many times quadrupled. We make a few ex-
tracts on the uses of the tuber. — JV. Y. Fanner.

Cooking potatoes in various ways. — There is
perhaps no species of food that can be consumed
in a greater variety of ways, than the potato.
Among us, the only modes in use are three or four,
such as boiling, roasting, or frying ; but our French
neighbors, who surpass us, and all the world, in
everything relating to cookery, at least so far as
infinite variety is concerned, have several other
ways of preparing this root. A French gentle-
man invited to dinner thirtytwo of his frl^uds,
promising to each a different dish, and yet all com-
posed of the same material. They assembled,
found before each dish a cover, and, upon taking
their seats, discovered that each guest had really
a different dish, though all formed of eggs! One
of the company immediately repeated the invita-
tion to all the persons present for the next day,
when he promised to regale them in a similar man-
ner, on another single substance, metamorphosed
into tliirtytwo different form.«. They came and
dined very comfortably on thirtytwo distinct and
palatable dishes, all composed of potatoes.

Frosted Potatoes. — It is a very remarkable cir-
cumstance, that in frosted potatoes, it is only the
juice, or liquid part of the root, that is affected,
and not at all^the farina or flour which may be
equally well extracted, and will be found as white
as if it had not been frozen, provided the root is
not quite rotted, which in the process of time it
will become. The following singular illustration
of this took place in 1794 : A field of potatoes at
Camstradden, Dumbartonshire, was laid under
water, by a sudden rise of Lochlomond. A quantity
of these was got up, and in part brought home.
Being wet, they were laid on the floors of out-
houses to dry ! but iu a few days they were so
spoiled as to be unfit for feeding cattle. A heap
of the potatoes was left on the ground ; when
turned over over next spring, some starch was
found at the bottom, which excited a suspicion,
that though the root had been affected by the frost,
yet that the flour had remained uninjured. This
was found to be the case ; and a quantity of the fa-
rina was collected from the heap, part of which

was distributed in Dumbartonshire, and the remain-
der was brought to Stirling, in 1804. As arrow-
root had become fashionable about that time it was
often used as a substitute, and many ate of it with-
out knowing the difti?rcnce. In 1825, a dish of it
was made with milk, and two gentlemen who sup-
ped on it declared that they would not have known
it from arrow root. A specimen of this same flour
of 1794 was sent to Sir John Sinclair in 1826, smdit
seemed as good as any produced from the potatoes
of that year, after having been kept for above thirty
years.

Potato starch in Bread. — It is well known that
the manufacture of bread, even when conducted
by the most skilful and experienced bakers, is
sometimes very difiicult. From the various casu-
alties to which wheaten flour has been liable,
from disease in the crop, or bad management in the
keeping or grinding of the grain, it frequently
loses some of its most essential qualities, and causes
the bread, in defiance of the liakcr's srt, to contract
a sourness, which is both disagreeable to the taste
and prejudicial to the health. Fortunately a rem-
edy has been discovered of late years ; that of
mixing with the flour a small quantity of potato
starch, previously converted into a jelly. This kind
of bread is remarkably light, and keejis longer
moist than any other bread. It toasts niuch better,
and makes better bread puddings.

Potato Flour for Children. — Anotherniost im-
poilantuse to which potato flour can be applied is
to give it, boiled in milk, in the proportion of too
spoonfuls of flour to one pint of milk, to young
children, brought up liy hand, and not at the breast
or after they are weaned from the breast.

Potato Starch for Weavers. — Until of late this
was entirely made from v,'heat, and still a great
proportion of it is so. But if ])otato starch were
universally adopted for the purjjose, as is the case
now throughout France, a very great consumption
of wheat would be saved. This substance is also
put to another use, namely, the making of size,
which for some purposes, such as whitewashing, is
greatly superior to the common size, as it has no
ofl'ensive smell, and has a more durable whiteness.

Potato Cheese. — The manufacture of this is
carried on in Thuringia and Saxony, and it has
the advantage of retaining its freshness for several
years, provided it be kept iiv close vessels. It is
prepared by boiling the potatoes, and reducing
them, when cold, to a piilp, rejecting skins. Sour
milk is added, or else sweet curd with the whey
pressed out, in the proportion of a pint to 5 pound
of pulp. It is kneaded several times, drained in
small baskets, and simply dried in the shade.

Coffee from Potatoes. — A mode has been sug-
gested by a French chemist for converting pota-
toes into a substance resembling coffee. He mixes
some best olive oil with a certain portion of dried
potato flour, and then adds a small quantity of
coffee powder. He asserts that this will produce
a liquor more agreeable than coffee.

Potatoes used for Dyeing and Cleansing. — A

chemist in Copenhagen has discovered that the
flowers of the ])lant may be used in dyeing. By
this means a beautiful yellow collor maybe obtain-
ed, which is solid and durable. By plunging the
color into blue, it becomes a perfect green. It has
likewise been found, that the juice contained in the
potato will produce a gray color of great beauty.
The liquor drawti off in the process of making
starch, will clean silks, woollens, or cottons, with-
out dairir.ge to tlie texture or color. It is also
good for cleaning wainscoats. ^

Potatoes prevent Incrustations in Steam Boilers.
— Potatoes are used with excellent effect in the
boilers of steam engines, for preventing the gath-
ering of a calcareous incrustation on the bottom,
which is gradually deposited from the water em-
ployed. The potatoes give out a glutinous sub-
stance which entangles the particles iu the water,
and prevents them from incrustingthe iron of the
boiler.

Potatoes a cure for the Scurry. — A medical use
of the potato has been lately suggested in a valua-
ble French publication ; namely, as a preventive
of, and even cure for, the scur\-y. Roasted pota-
toes were administered with perfect success to
sailors afflicted with the disorder, after other ap-
proved medicines had be^n given in vain. As
roasted potatoes arc the nao^st effectual, it seems
probable that the remcdj' Ji'pends on soirie of the
substanci , .untained in the black liquid w'hich
boils out of potatoes, and which is retained in
roastincr.

ICE AND ICE HOUSES.

It is quite warm enough at this present writing
to discourse of ice, but whether it will be when
the types are giving publicity to the labors of the
pen, depends entirely upon the future, which may
be noted as a very wise remark. We intend, how-
ever, to say a few words of ice and ice houses,
that may interest the reader. There are persons
younger than ourself who can remember when
the only ice sold in Boston, was brought to the city
in parcels of ten or fifteen pounds in the box of a
market gardener's cart, and sold as a very great
luxury at a corresponding price. There were then
no ice-houses in the vicinity, except a few gentle-
men's country seats, and they were built under
ground, and were of small capacity. Within the
last twenty years the consumption has become so
general, and the cost is so small, that ice is no
longer deemed a luxurj', but one of the necessaries
of life. The amount exported also from Boston
to southern climates is incredible. The art of pre-
serving the ice is very simple, and in well con-
structed houses, there is scarcely any loss from
dissolution, and it may be presened for years.
We rode out last winter, with Col. Metcalf, of
Cambridge, to witness the process of filling one
of his ice houses, on the borders of Mystic Pond
in Mcdford, about six miles from the city. The
ice house is built entirely above the ground, as
is now the well approved custom, even in tropical
climates. It is 85 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 25

354

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

siAY 20, usr.

feet posts, and liokls nearly 3000 tons of ice. The
house is built of pine boards, and the ice is pro-
tected from external heat by filling in the walls,
which are a foot and a half thick, witli the ex-
hausted bark of tan pits — a non conductor of ca-
loric that has been foiuid perfectly efficacious.
The Mystic Pond Ice house is very happily located
being so situated that the ire may be discharged
directly from the house into the boats of the Mid-
dlesex canal, or the cars of the Lowell Railroad,
and can therefore be brought to tlie city at nuich
less expense and loss by waste, than from any
other establishment. The pond itself is supplied
with water from another i)ond just above it, which
upper pond is fed by such abundant springs, that
we are told it never freezes in the coldest season.
The water, therefore, is of the purest and most
limpid quality. Col. Metcalf has lately loaded
with this ice a vessel tor Rio Janeiro, and another
for Bombay. He has also sent freights to Nor-
folk, Savannah, and other southern ports. It is
transported on the canal, and hoisted on board the
vessel by machLnery, made for the purpose, with
great facility.

The process of cutting the ice, getting it from
the water, and storing it in the ice house, is inge-
nious, but simple. The ice house is built on the
border of the pond, and one end i)rojects over the
water. At this end there are two openings or
doors, which extend from the floor to the roof.
When the ice has made to a sufficient thickness,
say 15 inches, a spot selected where it is of the
purest, most transjiarent, and solid quality. It is
then marked out into oblong squares, 21 inches
wide by 3i feet long. At every 21 inches of
width, a groove is ploughed, half an inch wide,
and 4 or 5 inches deep, by a plough made for the
purpose, and drawn by a horse ; the ice is then
sawed across, at distances of 21 inches, and one
series of blocks being removed, the rest is easily
set loose by a staff with a broad, chisel-formed
end, driven into the groove, and used as a lever.
A canal of a corresponding vvidtli to the blocks,
is then made from the place where tlie ice is se-
lected, to the house, and the blocks are pushed
along with a staff to one of the doors, where it is
received into an iron cradle and hoisted up to the
requisite height, when a spring, which has pre-
vented the block from falliiig off, strikes a projection
and being forced down, the ice slides into the
house, and is there received by persons who push
it into its jjlace with a staff. From the com-
mencement of the process to the end, the ice is
never touched with the hands. The average
weight of each block is about 400 pounds, and
being all cut of the same form and proportions,
they arc jiacked much more closely in the ice-
house, or in the hold of a vessel, than when cut
out as formerly, with an axe, in a negligent man-
ner.— Boston Transcript.

Palm Leaf Hats. — The braiding of these
hats is an inq)ortant and increasing business, './hieh
has sprung up within ten years past, and which is
doubly valuable in consideration of its moral in-
fluence, inasmuch as it offers a remunerating do-
mestic employment for thousands of our indus-
trious country women. Fe*' are aware of the
extent to which the manufacture is carried on in
the country towns. In Ashby in Middlesex
County, according to the Yeoman's Gazette,
50,000 hats arc braided annually, for which the
braiders (more than half of whom are girls and

small boys) receive between six and seven thou-
sand dollars. This is not a Idgh compensation
for the amount of labor bestowed ; but the ad-
vantage is that this labor may be bestowed at odd
times, and by those who might otherwise remain
unemployed. In Petersham and Barre, in Wor-
cester county, great numbers have been made.
We have been told that a single connnission house
in New York, sold hats made in that county in
one year, to the amount of ninety thousand dol-
lars. The Southern market was for a great while
the princijKxl outlet ; the sales have fluctuated
considerably, and the prices have been gradually
coming down. Recently, large quantities were
shipped to France and sold readily and with profit,
at one quarter of the rate at which the English
had been in the habit of selling an article not as
handsome, though rather more substantial. The
French Government have somewhat checked the
trade, by imposing a diUy of one franc (about
twenty cents) on the finer kinds of these hats ;
— the consequence is, that the common ones are
now principally sought for export.

In this county the business lias been prosecuted
to some extent. A dealer in this town, who com-
menced a few weeks since, has already a hundred
and fifty braiders employed. In Shelburne and
in other towns we believe that a considerable
number are made. — Franklin Mercury.

SIL.K CUIiTIJRE.

Much allowance is to be made for the coloring
given by enthusiastic men, warmly engaged in a
new and untried pursuit; but after all deduction,
facts enough have been presented to show con-
clusively that the silk business is capable of being
made exceedingly profitable. And perhaps the
most inq)ortant fact of all is, that the culture has
not only maintained its ground, but has been ad-
vancing in Connecticut for many years, and that
under every disadvantage of inqierfect machinery
and want of capital, it has brought a far greater
amount of money into a small town possessing no
great natural advantages, than was ever realized
for any one article of produce,, from a similar ex-
tent of the most fertile bottom lands on the Con-
necticut. This culture seems likely too, to thrive
more particularly in New England, inasmuchas its
success depends more on the industry of the pop-
ulation than on the fertility of the territory. In
all kinds of produce which can be raised by slave
labor, the southern and westei-n planters will
always compete with ns successfully. Worcester
county, the finest agricultural county in New
England, cannot profitably raise bread stuffs
enough for its use ; many thousand bushels of
Southern corn are anmuilly imported and consum-
ed there. The cattle of Franklin county arc
sometimes competed with in Brighton market, by
droves which have been pastured on the parks of
Kentucky or the prairies of Illinois. It is " the
industry of iieedom" oldy, which has enabled New
England to maintain her ground against the ad-
vantages presented by the superior soil of some
parts of the Union, and the cheaper labor of other
parts. Every new occupation which free labor
can make j)rofitabl(-, and which is safe from the
conqietition of slave labor, is a thousand times
more consequence than the discovery of the rich-
est gold mine would be. — lb.

American Silk. — The Philadelphia Herald
speaks of Mr Upton, of that city as having been

for eighteen years engaged in silk manufacture.
There is a gentleman in this vicinity, (Mr Cobb of
Dedham,) who, for a shorter period has perhaps
been working as effectually as any other person
in the way of experiment. He began the eulti-
vation of the mulberry tree in 1826 ; and since
that time, notwithstanding the nature of the soil,
which is not the most favorable, has extended his
operations so much so as to be now in the habit
of bringing to the Boston market American silk,
manufactured, to the amount of about a hundred
dollars a week, the year round. Recently he has
introduced the great improvement of raising his
trees from slips, by which he gains two years in
the growth. Those planted by him the last spring
we understand, have grown over four feet already.
The mulberry, in this particular excels all other
trees. — Bost. Mer. Jour.

FKRTILIZING PROPERTIES OP lilME.

A writer for the Genesee Farmer, with the sig-
nature " Hakkam" gives the following remarks.

When the writer of this article went, in the
days of his boyhood, to reside in one of the south-
ern counties of Pennsylvania, the land upon which
he lived had been purchased at the common price
in the neighborhood, £4 Pennsylvania currency,
per acre. A short distance to the northwest lay
tlie great limestone valley, that extends, with some
abrupt terminations, from New York to Virginia.
The serpentine ridge which bounds this valley on
the south-east, was considered by the inhabitants
as the limits of the grain country ; and although
the land adjoining it south-eastward was a good
sandy loam, it was thought that it would produce
nothing but grass, and the land in the valley was
then estimated at an average price of £15, or $40
per acre. In a few years, however, the farmers
began to haul lime from the valley, and make lib-
eral ajiplications of it on the land south of the
ridge. They have continued this process with in-
creasing industry for forty years, with increasing
success, and the consequence has been that the
valley, which was thought abundantly calcareous
without the application of lime, has remained sta-
tionary in value, with some fluctuations during the
late war, while the land upon which lime has been
liberally applied, has advanced from £4 to 80 and
$100 per acre, and from the abundance of its
crops fully justifies the purchaser.

TO DJESTROY TICKS ON SHEEP.

Friend Tucker — I have been a constant read-
er of thy valuable i)aper for more than two years,
during which time I have noticed several com-
munications on the best method of destroying
ticks on sheep, none of which seem to me so well
adapted to the end designed as that which an ex-
perience of sixty years in farming, has led me to
adopt, and which is now sulimitted to the public with
much diffidence. I have had for several years a
flock of sheep about one hundred in number, com-
posed of the Merino and Bakcwell breeds, and
when purchased by me the former were much
afflicted by " the scab," and all by ticks — the lambs
the most severely. For the destruction of the
ticks, I procured between one-half and three
fourths of a bushel of stems or refuse tobacco,
which I boiled, and when the strength was suf-
ficiently extracted, the liquor was put into a half
hogshead tub, as being the most suitable for the
operation intended — to this was added water till
the tub was nearly full. After the sheep were

VOli, Xni. N0.45.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

355

sheared, they were taken and immersed in this de-
coction, a hoard being placed across the tub in
the meantime for the purpose of draining them
on, thereby saving tlie liquor, whicli would other-
wise he soon exhausted. In this operation the
head of the sheep is to be exempt from immersion,
and to be properly done three persons are necessa-
ry, one to manage the head and the others the feet.
The lambs should undergo the saliie process, the
decoction being previously diluted with water, and
a little moi'e care should be taken in draining
them. A second operation will be necessary in
about ten days after the first — this is indispensable
to effect the object intended. The intervening
time between the first and second immersion is
necessary for the eggs of the old ones to hatch,
and this young colony once destroyed, the cure is
complete. It may be well to remark, in relation
to this process, that its effect in the destruction of
" the scab," was equally as salutai-y and decisive hi
the case of tlie ticks. ' If the foreg-oing remarks
are deemed worthy of a place in the columns of
the Farmer, insert them and oblige

A Pennsylvania Farmer.
Wood Lawn, 3d. mo. 12, 1835.

[From the Practical Farmer.]
FOOD FOR SILK WOa.WS.

The first object claiming attention in attempting
to manufacture silk, is to provide food for the in-
sect artizan, to whom we are indebted for the raw
material. We shall not expatiate on the numerous
articles on which it is possible to feed silk worm.s,
but at present confine our remarks to that which
all allow to be the best and most profitable, provi-
ded it can be obtained. This, beyond question is
the foliage of the Chinese Mulberry, (Morus Mul-
ticaulis) which without doubt is emphatically the
silk worm's staff of life. But there is a doubt in
the minds of many whether this precious tree will
withstand our winters : some of which appear to
have been manufactured at the northern extremi-
ty of the north pole, and transported on the post-
horses of old Boreas into the territory Of the
United States for the special accommodation of its
inhabitants.

We think it safest not to relinquish the culture
of the White mulberry for the present ; but let us
examine the claims of the Chinese mulberry to
the hardihood which alone can entitle that alien
to become naturalized and a permanent settler in
tliese United States.

In some remarks " On the culture of Silk and the
Morus Multkaulis orneio Chinese mulberry" writ-
ten by William Kenrick, Esq., of Newton, Mass.
and published in the JVew England Farmer, vol.
xii. page 393, it is observed " This Mulberry
braves the most rigorous winters of France, not
having suffered in the least even during the severe
winter of 1829-30. I have taken particular pains
to ascertain how they have fared in the extieme
north of that country, and have very lately been
informed by letter from M. Eyries, a gentleman
from Havre, that they have supported well, during
ten years the most rigorous winters of the north
of France. He has cultivated them to a consid-
erable extent from their first introduction to that
country." * » *

» Very late in the Spring of 1833, more than a
hundred young trees of the Morus Multicaulis
were set out on the place of S. V. Wilder, Esq.
in Bolton, Worcester county. The soil springy.

the exposition cold and sloping to the north ; Mr
Jose])h Breck, a distinguished botanist of Lancas-
ter, the town adjoining, having especial charge of
these plants, has lately very critically examined
them. Thus unfavorably situated, and unprotect-
ed, they have borne the last winter [1833-34,]
without injury, except only the very tips of the
twigs. Mr Breck is persuaded that they are even
hardier than the common White nndberry, since
some hundred of the latter which stood very near
were killed half way down to the ground by this
same winter."

An able writer with the signature R. who
dates Hingham, Mass. published two articles on
the Chinese mulbeny, pages 211, 226, of the
twelfth volume of the JVew England Farmer. This
writer is of opinion, and cites facts to maintain his
belief that the Chinese mulberry is more hardy
tlian many of our orchard, or even forest trees,
tub may be killed when young, if planted in a
rich and moist soil. This writer observes " Au-
thors agree that the proper soils for the nndberry
tree are dry, sandy, or stony ; that low, rich and
moist lands, never produce nourishing leaves, how-
ever vigorous the tree may grow. From all that
I have seen I should not hesitate to plant the Chi-
nese mulberry, and should consider it preferable
to any other species, if planted on suitable land,
and not forced to rapid growth. If doubt on this
subject remained, one half of the mulberry or-
chard might be planted with the Chinese and the
other with some other species, or in rows alter-
nately. No measures of good calculation and
care should be spared to secure success to a
branch of industry that now has the prospect of
reward in the course of a few years, of even its
millions of dollars, adding to the wealth and vir-
tue of the conmiunity, and to our common coun-
try's prosperity."

FENCE POSTS.

Mr Editor — I have been desirous, for some
time of addressing, through the medium of your
paper my farming brethren oh an important subject,
viz. the means of rendering fenee posts more dura-
ble, but I have not found suitable leisure till this
day, which is by far the most tempestuous known
in this region for the last thirty years. In my
remarks I shall confine myself to my own expe-
rience. During winter when getting up my wood
I make a practice of selecting my hemlock logs
from ten to fourteen inches in diameter, clear from
shakes and pretty straight. These beingcarefully
peeled, I take them to a neigboring sawmill, and
have them sawed .is follows : first through the
centre, and then turned on the side and sawed
through twice so as to form six posts from one log.
These I stick up under cover during one smmner
at least, so as to have them thoroughly seasoned.
Then some time during the winter, I heat a larpe
kettle of tar and thoroughly smear with it about
three feet of the largest end of the post, and then
stick them up again ready for use. The tar ought
to e.\tend a little above the surface of the ground
so as to prevent the moisture as much as possible
from pcnctratiiig'into the post. Thff' reason of
preparing them so long before they are wanted for
use, is to allow the tar to become hard by expo-
sure to the air. When posts are prepared in this
way, I am confident from my own experience
they last more than twice as long as when set up
in the usual way.

Some farmers of my acquaintance set their
posts green and with the bark on. In this case
decay commences immediately, the bark acting as
a sponge to absorb and retain moisture and in the
course of four or five years every high wind knocks
down a number of posts which fall so heavily and
witli so much force as to break or to split the
boards, and thus do material damage ; and then by
not having a supply of posts on hand they are
obliged to take their teams (which are wanted
for other purposes) into the woods for a new set
of this miserable apology for fence posts. Taking
all things into consideration (and this farmers
ought to do) I think about one half of the expense
of supporting a post and board fence is saved by
this method. — JVational Eagle.

The Osier Willow is worthy a [ilace on every
farm, because it takes up but little ground, re-
quiix's very little care, and furnishes the best ma-
terials for baskets, which are indispensable to the
farmer. This, like all the willows, is readily
propagated by cuttings. Where it has taken good
root, its shoots in good ground, grow from four to
eight feet hi a season. These shoots should be
taken off every winter, unless very large willows
are wanted, and the number is thereby aimually
increased. The art of fal>ricating baskets from
them is easily acquired, and may be practised ia
evenings and stormy days in the winter without
cost. For ordinary baskets the osier is used with
the bark on ; but for neat house baskets they are
peeled. The best way to divest them of the bark,
is to cut, sort and tie the osiers in small bundles
say early in March, and place the bundles in a
pool of stagnant water : and at the season the
leaf buds are bursting, the bark will readily strip
off.

The osiers may then be laid up to be used
when leisure will permit. A well made osier
basket is worth 3 or 4 made of splits. We have
them which have been in wear for years, and are
yet good. To give them firmness and durability
a good rim and ribs, of oak, hickory or other
substantial wood, are ujcessary. — Cultivator.

Transplanting Evergreens. — In reply to the
inquiry, " What is the best season for transplant-
ing evei'greens .'" we state the last of May, in this
latitude, or when in any place, the new spring's
growth begins to shoot. If they can be taken up
and removed with a ball of earth about their
roots, they ma}' be transplanted at almost any
season. But this can seldom be done, unless the
])lants are grown in a nursery ; for here they are
generally furnished with a large number of
fibrous roots to which the earth adheres, which
forest trees seldom possess. Evergreens require
a constant supply of food to sustain their foliage.
If they are removed wlien in a quiescent state of
growth, the mouths or roots are necessarily di-
minished, and the plant is apt to die before the
requisite supply is obtained. But if removed
after the sap is in circulation, fewer roots will
furnish a supply, and new roots become sooner
formed. To prevent evaporation, from which the
greatest danger arises, the ground about newly
transplanted evergreens should be well mulched
with coarse wet litter from the barn yard, and a
pail of water may be occasionally thrown upon
it when the weather is dry. — lb.

356

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAir ao, 183E.

successftjIj stock management, by small.

FARMERS.

Moses Greer, of Corlust, was entitled lo the
first premium, for best stock, fed upon the siuali-
est quantity of land. It ap])eared that lie had fed
his stock of four cow3 and two calves upon the
astonishing small quantity of one acre and two
roods of land all summer — being about one rood
anil four perches for each cow, after allowing for
the calves, and had three roods of tuinips and one
of rape for winter.

Moses Greer being called on to give an account
of his farming, said : " My lords and gentlemen, I
hold eight acres and three roods of land, which I
have now got into the highest condition, and I
shall in future be able to keep it so without going
to the exjiense in lime which I have heretofore
been at, by reason of the great quantity of manure
I make from the increased stock of cattle, consist-
ing of four cows and two calves ; and it will sur-
prise you to hear, that this stock has been fed this
last summer, and up to the present time, on clover
and vetches, upon the identical same piece of ground
which, when formerly in grazing, fed only one cote,
and that very poorly. My land is held partly at
23s., and part at 8s. 3d. per acre ; and my rent
amounts to £7 14s. 6d. yearly ; and I have already
sold butter to the amount of £11 4s., clear of all
deductions, and have had enough of milk and but-
ter for myself and family besides. The abun-
dance of manure has enabled me to set as many
potatoes as my neighbors, holding the same quan-
tity of land, and I hs^e as much crop too, besides
having my turnips likewise. In conclusion, I am
satisfied there is no M?ay in which land can be
made to produce so much, or in which it can be
brought into such heart, as by the soiling system
and four course rotation of crops, from which I
expect every year to derive greater advantages ;
as I may say, I am only just now beginning to
feel the benefit arising from it ; ray land being
now all perfectly clean, and not any of it what-
ever in pasture."

James Rolsten, being next called on, said, " I
am likewise an advocate for green feeding ; I had
more clover than fed all the stock I had, although
I had more than doubled it ; and I was enabled to
save three five-fathom cocks of hay, which will
leave me all my straw for manure. After cutting
my early vetches, J sowed the ground ridge as I
cut it, with rape, which I am now cutting a yard
Jong and giving to my cattle, so that I shall not
have to begin to use my turnips for some time ;
and it will be again fit to cut in April next, when
the turnips begin to fail. I have also levelled
every useless ditch ; and my land instead of being
exhausted by the four-course rotation, is every
year becoming better."

Mr Ingram said, " I am .still of the same opin-
ion as I have formerly expressed, (jf the benefit lo
be derived by green crops and house-feeding,
which I continue to practise. I find I can thereby
increase my stock and my crop also, and have
manure for my potatoes and turnips ; besides, by
this means, I find my land iuqiroving under the
four-course rotation : and though I am i)aying ac-
cording to a late valuation, I am still able to say,
as I said last year, I shall be able to make
rent from my dairy."

Thomas Bruce said " when I came into pos-
session of my farm in 1831, there was no more
than about half an acre of potato ground ; and
tliis in such a dirty, bad condition, that it had to

my

be dug over with a gra])e, in order to clean it be-
fore it could be sown with grain and clover seed.
The rest of the land was in a miserable exhausted
state, not fit to produce anything ; and I was then
possessed of but one cow, and had no meat to
feed more ; that year I sowed a few turnips upon
what manure I had to spare, by employing lime
compost for my potatoes ; and the next spring, be-
tween compost and cow-house manure, I was
able to set an acre and a half of potatoes, and half
an acre of turnips. That year I was able to
house-feed, U])on the clover and some vetches,
two cows, and had plenty of them all winter.
Next spring I had so much manure, that with
some assistance fi-oin lime compost, I was able to
set two acres and'a rood of potatoes, and three
roods of turnips; and having sowed more clover,
I was enabled that season to keep three cows and
a horse, which stock I still have, with the addi-
tion of a calf, and have fed them this season on
five roods of clover, two roods of vetches, and
one rood of grazing, which being chiefly on a
rocky bottom cannot be broke up ; and if an acre
was allowed for the keep of the horse, and twenty
perches for the calf, this would leave only one
rood and four perches for the summer feeding of
each cow ; and this, with one rood of turnips for
each during winter, (which would allow, at 34 tons
per acre, near 90 lbs. a day for each for seven
months,) would only make 84 perches, or a little
more than half an English acre for the year's keep ;
and I have a rood of rape as a stolen crop be-
sides, so that I have plenty of food for them ; and
my land is improved to such a degree, that there
is more than three times the return from it than
what it formerly gave, and I shall now be enabled
to keep it in heart by the manure made by house-
feeding, without any of the expenses for lime
which I have been formerly at."

Mr Bigger stated, that he held about five Irish
acres of land ; that he formerly kept but one cow,
and had barely food for her. He now kept three
and an ass ; and part of the year a horse ; and
after all had clover to spare, to consimie which he
had bought fourteen young pigs, some of which
he still had, and was feeding on potatoes ; and had
besides sold off the same farm £10 worth of
wheat. — British Farmer's Magazine.

M]

[From the New York Farmer.]

VISIT TO THE ESTATE OP THE LATE JOHN

RANDOLPH OP ROANOKE.

Cardwell's Hotel, Charlotte C. H., ( Va.,) |
March 2, 1835. (

Dear Sir — You may, perhaps, wonder I liave
not written you during my agreeable visit in dif-
ferent sections of the " Old Dominion," but I as-
sure you there are few things in the way of hor-
ticulture, agriculture, fruit or flowers, to attract
attention in winter in this section — but the great
number of fine horses in this state, and the high
price obtainivl, as also the increasing demand, has
determined me to give you a short description of
some of the most prominent, with some few re-
marks, as I fully believe many of your subscribers
could turn their attention to raising good horses
with the pros])ect of being better renninerated
than by any other branch of agriculture.

As " mine host," Mr Cardwell, wai3 steward
and has now the entire charge of the large and
extensive plantations and stud of horses which
belonged to the late eccentric " John Randolph of
Roanoke," I shall begin by giving you a slight

description of the i-. "*"" '^^'j wJii'cfi is one of the-
most valuable m Virgini^' ^^ "'so of his stud of
horses, and at the same time '*eg you or any of
your readers, who are travelling in Virginia, to
ride 20 miles out of their way to* see and con-
verse with Mr Cardwell, and they will be well
paid by the numerous anecdotes of Mr Randolph
which he will entertain them with, and also cease
to wonder that Mr R. put so much property in
charge, and so much confidence in one man, for I
will except no man when J saj he is the most
gentlemanly landlord, and the most studious man
to anticipate the wishes and wants of his custom-
ers, I ever met with, besides being a man posses-
sed of good information, and, in every acceptation
of the word, a gentleman ; and should any person
wish thorough bred horses, I know no man in
Virginia I would as soon recommend them to ap-
ply to as Wyatt Cardwell, Charlotte Court-House,
Virginia.

The Roanoke is about 12 miles from Charlotte
Court-House ; when within a few miles of the
river we entered upon the estate, which extends,
bounded by the river, nearly ten miles, with the
exception of one small plantation of about one
mile, which separates the upper from the lower
plantation. Tliis princely estate was mostly in-
herited by Mr Randolph, but under a mortgage
(as he once observed in a public speech) of 19s.
6d. on a pound of its cost. By good management
and systematic fanning he paid all the mortgage,
entertained his friends in a princely style, fed his
slaves better than one half the free white men
live in the United States, and left a l;u-ge personal
estate besides.

There are about ffleen hundred acres of bottom
lands, neatly cleared and drained in a scientific
manner. There are few plantations where the
eye can at one glance behold such a tract of
land.

There are about 400 slaves of all ages, and of
those 150 are eflicient hands. JMr R. sent nothing
to market except tobacco. The slaves are fed
with the corn, wheat, beef, pigs, fowls, &c. ; and
I will venture to saj', that if certain officious
" brother Yankees" succeed in their attempts so to
construct his will as to set them at liberty, every
soul, before they enjoy freedom one year, will
wish themselves back. The crop of tobacco that
year under the active and devoted attention of
Mr Cardwell, was about 160,000 lbs. ; corn, 12,500
bu.shels, &c. &c. There are about 300 head of
cattle, and about 100 head of horses, all of the
finest and purest blood in this country. Mr R.
owing to feeble health and the infirmities attend-
ant upon advanced ycpis, erred a little in his stock
of horses, by brccduig in and in too much ; but
since his death the stock has been carefully ex-
amined, and fifty were sold at auction, ui which
^vere included tlie hune, the old, and fiUies, and
yet the average price was upwards of $400 each.
(For MrCardweU's Letter to J. S. Sinclair, Esq.,
publisher of the Turf Register, specifying the
prices, &c., see the January No., page 248, of that
valuable and deservedly popular work.) The stud
of horses now remaining are very valuable, and
Mr Cardwell has this season procured the beauti-
ful bright bay stallion (that is the prominent color
of Mr R.'s horses) called C/aret, recently imported
by Mr James Avery, of Greenville County, to
whom the admirers of fine horses are much in-
debted, (for several of the most valuable now in
the country were imported by him.) The pro-

V«!a Xtti. ^6. iSt

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

357

fluce from a cross of this liorse upon the Roanoke
stock will be very desirable. I saw a letter from
John VVickham, Esq., of Richmond, whose
opinion is considered high authority in Virginia,
in which he says, " Claret's blood I think to be
the very best in the country ; through his sire. Par-
tisan, tlie sire of his dam, he has a double cross of
Old Prunella, the Duke of Grafton's famous mare, by
whose produce he is said to have made £100,000 ;
her stock is preferred to that of any other English
mare, and I think Chateau Margaux and Claret
are the only imported horses that are of her blood."
Mr Randolph was a great advocate for working
all his horses and breed mares, and I think it cor-
rect, particularly where those who are employed
can be depended upon. Six mares were harness-
ed to a wagon which $2400 would not pur-
chase.

I must say one word regarding the residence of
this distinguished man. After leaving the public
road to the ferry, the approach to the house is
through a dense forest nearly a mile, when you come
at once to a gate, within thirty yards of which are
two cottages ; one low, studded with a rough piaz-
'/.a in front, paved widi pebbles ; about 40 feet
long, by perhaps 20 feet wide, divided in the cen-
tre, and connected by a door ; a chimney at each
end. Doors opposite eacli other in one room,
(well suited to this clunate.) In the inner room
was his bed ; all the necessary articles of plain
ancient furniture ; several family portraits hung in
various parts of the room, and small engravings
of some distinguished men who were active under
the early administration of our government. One
I recognized as the late Timothy Pickering, and
one I suj)posed to be the late Hon. Rufus King.
But the books, embracing all subjects, in all lan-
guages, and all bindings, from the most smiple to
tlie richest, seemed to fill every crevice of the

rooms. I am not cap;.lile, nor could quires of
paper contain a description. I opened some doz-
ens or so, and, I believe, in all saw either notes in
margin or on small pieces of paper. There would
be no trouble in cutting leaves, (a.s is often the
case ui large libraries,) in this, I do not even at-
tempt to enumerate the number, but I saw on the
back of one volume No. 13843. The other cot-
tage, which appeared to be on a more recent con-
struction, was higher and more elegant in appear-
ance ; the chimney in the centre, opposite which
on one side, an entrance ])oi-ch ; on the other side
one of corresponding size, vvitli windows which
look out upon the forest, and from which I saw
within 100 yards a small mound, with two rough
stones, one at each end, where are interred his re-
mains— he having selected the spot, and had the
stones drawn there long before his decease. This
cottage also has two rooms, and was used in en-
tertaining his friends, the one as a dining room,
the other a parlor ; the mantel-pieces marble, and
furniture of richest kind ; splendid engravings and
more splendid books, maps, &c. His old body
servant, Essex, 80 years old, polite as a Chester-
field, and active as a lad of 14, together with his
sou John, who with Juba accompanied their mas-
ter to Russia, are now in charge. Essex always
had orders to eutertam liis master's friends if they
called in his absence ; and his memory was so
good, he always recollected those he had once
seen. But I must hasten to annex a list, taken
from the newspapers, of 20 horses which are this
season in various sections of this state. Having
merely the advertisements to refer to, I no doubt
omit many that are very superior.

The five last eimmerated now belong to the es-
tate of Mr Randolph. Gascoigne is beautiful, and
a great favorite.

Your obedient servant, B. P.

NAME.

COLOR.

SIZE.

STAND IN 1835.

SEASON
PRICE.

TO IN-
SURE.

REMARKS.

American Eclipse,

Sorrel,

E. Johnson's, Dinwiddle
County, Virginia.

a 100 00

The desire to have colts
from this celebrated horse
seems to increase every year
among the best judges of
horses.

Monsieur Tonson,

....

• "

Geo. VV. Johnson's, Din-
widdle County, Vir-
ginia.

60 CO

^100 00

This horse is a great fa-
vorite in Virginia. For fu;-
ther particulars of him see
American Turf Register.

Chateau Margaux,

Brown Bay,

nearly black

5 ft, 3 in.

Messrs Avery's Green-
ville County,

75 00

100 00

Itecenlly imported, and
considered by the best judges

•

as good a horse as can be
produced.

Claret,

Bay,

5 ft. 2 in.

Wyatt CardweU's.Char-
lolle Court House.

SO 00

100 00

Foaled in 1830 — his sire
was Chateau Margaux, and
he was imported the same
time

Hotspur,

Cliesaut,

3 ft. 2 ID.

John Heath, Dinwidi ie

50 00

75 00

This horse is highly spokeL^
of, and is grandson to Sit

County.

Archy.

Traiihy,

Dapple Bay,

5 ft. 2 m.

Henrico Co., at stable
of R.C.Williamson.

GO 00

100 00

An imported horse — his
first season in America.

Tychicus,

Cliesnut,

5 ft, 1 in.

[..ynchburgh.
Halifax Court House.

40 00

50 00

Owned by Messrs. Tavloe.

Jackson,

Bay,

5 ft.

25 00

40 00

A son of the celebrated

horse Timoleon.

Eclipse Lightfool,

Black,

5 ft.

Mecklenburg County.

COCO

Son of American Eclipse,
by Black Maria.

Carolinian,

Bay

5 ft. 1 in.

Charlelle Court House.

30 00

50 00

Son of the celebrated Sir
Archy.

Glosler,

Bay,

5 ft.

Buckingham.

20 00

.0 00

Son of Sir Charles.

Hugo,

Chesnul,

5 ft. 2 in.

Fairfield.

40 00

Son of Sir Charles.

Mercury,

Bay,

5 ft. 2 in.

Botetourt County.

25 UO

35 00

Son of Sir Charles.

Virginian,

Sorrel,

5 ft.

Bedford County.

15 OO

25 00

Son of Old Virginia.

Bussorah Arabian,

Sorrel,

. ,

Powhatan County.

20 00

30 00

Imported.

J-ames,

Chesnut,

5 ft. 3 in.

Amherst Court House.

25 00

40 00

Sire of Sir Archy.

•Gascoigue,

Bay,

5 ft. 1 in.

Charlotte Court House.

^00

■WOO

Son of Roanoke, by the
imported mare Lady Gas-

Topaz,

Bay,

5 ft. Sin.

Nelson Court House.

25 00

4000

coigne.
Son of Roanoke.

Wildfire,

Bay,

5 ft. 4 in.

Rockbiidge County.

15 00

30 00

Son of Roanoke.

jPeacock

Bay,

5 ft. 2 in.

Mecklenburg County.

15 00

30 00

Son of Roanoke.

Coal Trade of Pennsylvania. — The vast
increase of this trade, within a few years, renders
all authentic details relating to it a subject of gen-
eral interest : and in proof of thi,^ increase, it is
only necessary to state, that in the year, 1820,
no more than 365 tons of anthracite coal
found their way to the market from the Lehigh
mines, while in 1834 the quantity sold amounted
to 374,222 tons, of which 106,.500 were from the
Lehigh, 224,242 from the Schuylkill, and 43,700
from the Lackavvana mines ; the Schuylkill mines
having been opened for the market for the first
time in the year 1825, and the Lackawana in
1829.

The Lehigh Company employ on the Lehigh
Canal and the Delaware 275 boats, and others are
employed by individuals. On the Morris Canal,
there are 250 boats employed in this trade. The
number of vessels laden with coal at Philadelphia
and Bristol in 1834, was 469. The amount of
Lehigh coal shipped coastwise during the same
year was 32,154 tons, of which 14,006 tons were
shipped from Newark.

The number and description of vessels cleared
fi-om the river Schuylkill, laden with coal, during
the year 1834, were as follows: 72 brigs, 1122
fcchooners, and 420 sloops. The amount of ton-
nage of the boats employed in the transportation of
coal from the Lehigh mines, is 22,150 tons ; on
the Schuylkill, 24,733.

The value of improvetnents and property con-
nected with and arising from the anthracite coal
trade of Pennsylvania in the three great coal fields
is estimated by a committee of the Legislature of
that State as follows, viz : rail roads and canals
made by companies and individuals, including part
of the State canals four hundred cigety-nine
miles, 9,750,93742 ; collieries, boats, cars, &c.
1,270,280 ; capital invested in coal lands, 4,900,000 ;
mining capital, 480,000 ; value of towns in the
coals fields, 3,376,000 ; making an aggregate of
$19,176,217 42; to which may be added the value
of storehouses, wharves, landings, &c. in Phila-
delphia, New York and odicr places, together with
the value of vessels and capital employed in ship-
puig coal.

The bituminous coal lands in Peimsylvania are
supposed by the same Committee to comprehend
an extent of 21,000 square miles, and the anthra-
cite of 975 square miles. Since the opening of
the anthracite coal trade in 1820, its average
annual increase has been 33 per cent. The Com-
mittee believe that it will continue during the next
ten years to increase in the same ratio ; in which
case, the consuinption in 1843 will be 10,510,980
W21S, the value of which, at $5 per ton, will be
$62,544,450. Supposing tho increase not to exceed
one half of tho above estimate, the trade of that
year, in the article of coal alone, will amount in
value to twenty-six millionsdoUars. — Boston Daily
Advertiser.

Cdt Potatoes Rot on Dung. — As a corrob-
oration of what I have stated, 1 may mention,
that a neighbor,. Mr Seeds, has three fields of po-
tatoes,, one-half of which has failed. He men-
tioned his loss to me, and on examining the crop,
we found all the sets which had been placed with
their cut surfaces on the dung, rotten, while the
most forward and vigorous plants had the round
uncut side next the dung. — Transactions of High-
land Society.

358

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

ilAVaO, 1835.

^^W 3S5it#5L^Sr3l> J?^2li2SffilSm«

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 20, 1835.

PAJRMER'S "WORK FOR MAY.

Felling Timber, Moon's Infldence, <kc. — Perhaps
there is no subject of equal practical importance in which
all concerned, (to wit, all who build or reside in wooden
houses, fabricate or have any use for ships, barns, sheds,
wooden implements, &c. &c.,) are more divided than
relative to the best season of the year for felling timber,
with reference to its durability, its reproduction, its
value for fire wood, &c. Writers, on these topics, for
the New England Farmer, and other publications have
been numerous, and eminent; still the facts appear to be
contradictory, and the theories unsatisfactory.* Some
recommend felling trees in February, when there is the
least sap in the tree, some prefer May or June, when the
tree is full of sap, and others recommend September
when the vessels of the alburnum or white wood are not
replete with the sap or juices of the tree,containinglhose
saccharine, acid and mucilaginous matters, which fer-
ment and destroy the texture of the ligneous fibres.

It appears to us that notwithstanding the doubts and
disputes which envelope this important subject it is pos-
sible in a great measure to reconcile the facts, which
appear to be contradictory and to show that they are not
incompatible with the theory, which we are about to
advance. There can be no decay, or rottenness in wood
without fermentation, and there can be no fermentation
without moisture. Pure water will promote fermenta-
tion, which is the first step towards rottenness, and far-
mers have sometimes watered manure heaps to reduce
them the sooner to what they call short muck. The
sap or juice of green trees is still more favorable to fer-
mentation than pure water, just as the juice of an apple
will ferment sooner than water. To secure against that
fermentation, which is preliminary, or as lawyers phrase
it, inchoative to the deconjposilion or destruction of the
woody fibre, you must either cut the tree when most
destitute of sap, or lake methods to extricate or expel
the sap as speedily as possible. In the winter season
most of the sap has been expended in the formation and
perspiration of leaves, and in adding to the growth of
the tree. There will, however, be a considerable por-
tion of moisture remain, which being of a viscous, or
mucilaginous nature is not easily elicited or expelled.
This must be got rid of by what is balled seasoning the
timber, or it will soon cause decay; and it is more difficult
to expel the sap from wood cut in winter, than from that
cut in spring or summer, because in the former case tbe
pores of the wood are less open, and the sap more thick
and mucilaginous than in the latter. It was remarked by
Col. Pickering that " no one can doubt that dryness is
favorable and moisture unfavorable to the durability' of
timber, and in winter the sap of trees is probably in-
spissated to a considerable degree : but no living* tree is
then devoid of sap. The important question, therefore,
in relation to felling timber trees, is, I am inclined to
think, not simply w/icn trees have the smallest quantity
of sap : but at what season the sap they contain will most
easily escape or be expelled."

Again, the same sagacious observer remarks that
" accident threw in my way the late Oliver Evans' book
on the construction of mills; to which was subjoined a
treatise of a Mr EUicot a millwright, on the same sub-
ject. Turning over some of the leaves of this treatise
I lighted on the passage in which the author directed

* See Col. HoEeley's .Address, page 32] of the current volume of
tbe New England Farmer.

hickory timber intended for the cogs of wheels, to be cut
when the sap itas runnings that they might not become pow-
der post. In the following winter, being in Boston, and
conversing with a friend from the country, on subjects
of husbandry, he mentioned a farmer, the well-pole (or
sweep) of whose well happened to break at a very busy
time; that to supply its place he cut down the first tree
that came to hand : and this was a white birch. The
sap then running freely, he stripped off the bark, and
put up the pole ; and it lasted seventeen years. Had he
put it up with the bark on, it would probably have rotted
in one year ; the closeness of the birch bark preretiting the
escape of the sap. A close coat of paint, laid on un-
seasoned wood operates like theelose birch bark, by con-
fining the sap, and hastening its decay." » * *

" But why should timber trees be felled in May or
when the sap is freely running, as in the case stated
by Joseph Cooper, or barked and left standing until
dry, according to Buffon, be more durable than timber
felled according to the prevailing and popular no-
lion of the old of the moon in February ? For an
answer I offer the following conjecture. — The thinner
and more fluid any body is, the sooner and more perfectly
it will evaporate. The sap of trees is doubtless more
inspissated, or of thicker consistence in winter than in
spring, when it is apparently thin and watery. In the
latter state it will find its way, and escape through the
pores of the wood with vastly greater ease and expedi-
tion than when in winter it is much inspissated. Molasses
condensed by the winter's cold, runs very slowly
through tubes of a large size. In summer the same
molasses, swelling lo a large volume, and becoming very
thin, will pass through very small tubes, and I believe
through the pores of some wood. The same substance
(molasses,) exposed, in a small quantity, to the hot sun
of summer, would soon discharge its more fluid parts,
and at length leave us, I suppose, a solid substance be-
hind, but if much diluted with water, would not the
whole substance be nearly, if not quite carried off' by
evaporation .■" the same reasoning may be applied to trees
left standing after being divested of their bark in the
spring.

ITo be continued 1

Wash for Fruit Trees. — A friend and patron of
our paper, wishes us to inform him what is the most im-
proved wash for fruit trees, and says, " If I remember
right there has been an improvement on Forsyth's com-
position." The following was, some years since recom-
mended by Mr Benjamin Wheeler of Framingliam, Mass.

" Dissolve two pounds of. potash of the first quality, in
7 quarts of water for the bodies of the trees. If the
limbs are covered with moss or lice, I take a painter's
brush and apply the solution to the moss &c. with care
not to touch the leaves or buds, it may be done at any
lime of the year when we are most at leisure. Once in
two to four years is generally sufficient. I have no .gen-
eral rule, however, but wash them as often as they appear
to need it, which is always when Ihe bark is not smooth.

" No person need be afraid" Mr W. cortlinues, " of this
application's injuring fruit trees, but it may be applied
with the utmost confidence. I have used it for nearly
twenty yeais with great cff'ect. The reason it has not
been more generally used is that it has beera fashionable
to daub the trees with lime, clay, manure and other
compositions, which take two or three years to wash off"
before the tree will look natural. When this solution of
potash is applied it has the desired eff'ect immediately. It
kills the moss and lice at once, and the first rain that
comes washes the bark perfectly smooth, and gives it a
fair, natural and healthy color."

We have received requests for information relative tO'
the subject of the following article, which we republish
from the Boston Horticdltdral RfeoisTER, vol. i. p. 34.
On a new method of writing on zinc, for labeling plants.
— The following, from Paxton's Horticultural Register,
will prove useful to Gardeners : — Mr Henry Braconnot,
the celebrated French Chemist of Nancy, to whom we
are indebted for the curious transformation of rags and
other similar vegetable substances into starch, gum, and
sugar, by the agency of the Oil of Vitriol, and whose
name is well known in the chemical world for various,
researches connected with the analysis of vegetable sub-
stances, has given in the last number of the Annales de
Chimie et de Physique, a preparation for writing on
plates of zinc to label plants. The writer, having a
dislike to, painting in oil, which is often inconvenient,
and never endures a long time, resolved to turn his at-
tenlion lo some other way which would prove botli
ready and durable. The system of writing on zinc wiiu
a black crayon, which was accidentally discovered by
M. Symon, an Amateur at Brussels, and noticed in the
Revue horticole for October, 1832, and the Bon Jardiniir
for 1833, possessing many imperfections, Mr Braconnot
to try some experiment, being anxious to obtain a liquid,
or a species of ink, which would be perfectly durable
when exposed lo the changeablenessof the weather, and
also one with which he could write with ease. This end,
after several proofs he is induced to believe he has in a
great measure attained. If it answers, he will have done
both the botanists and amateurs a real service. The
preparation is as follows ;

Take Verdigris in powder one part,
Salamoniac in powder one part.
Lamp black (Mori de Fumeaj half a part,
Water ten parts ;
Mix these in a glass or pot mortar, at first only adding
as much water as will mix it well, then add the remain-
der of the water, when placed in a vessel let it be well
shaken up from time to time, and in a few days it will be
ready for use. Tliis is not only excellent for labelling
plants, but also for marking objects it is wished to pre-
serve in low, wet situations, and for marking keys, be-
coming quickly dry and being very durable.

Temperance on Rail-roads. — In building the three
■Rail-roads from Boston to Providence, Worcester, and
Lowell, total abstinence has been the rule with regard
to the use of ardent'spirits ; and it is now the rule for
all those who manage the engines and cars on the roads.
In building the roads some of the contractors from the
first refused to furnish their men with spirit, or permit
them to bring it on the ground. It was soon perceived
that those contractors avoided all difficulty with their
men ; that their men did more work ; and that although
most of the laborers were Irish, the territories of the
temperance contractors were so much more comfortable,
that they were most popular, and could always select
the best hands. The Board of Directors became so ful-
ly convinced of the advantages of temperance, that
they jnake it a condition with the contractors that they
should give the men no intoxicating liquor. Coffee
and tea were substituted, and cold water.

On all these roads perfect order and decorum have
been preserved. Not even the civil authorities have
been called on to preserve the peace. On other roads
wliere the same description of laborers have been em-
ployed, there have been repeated murders, endless
ficrhts, often with deadly weapons, and the whole terri-
tory around has been rendered insecure. The civil
authorities have been set at defiance. The military
forces, after being harassed by marchings and watch-
ings, have been unable to restore order, and nothing
short of the potent finger of a Catholic priest held up
before the men, has been sufficient to restrain their in-
furiated passions. We have no doubt that the differ,
ence between the peacefulness of the East and the riots
of the South, is to be attributed chiefly to the diff'erenca
in the use of intoxicating liquor. — Jour, of Com.

TOt. XIII. NO. 45

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

359

PRICES OF PRODUCE AT ROCHESTER, W. Y.

May 8.
Wheat $2 95 per bushel. Usual price 75c. to 87c.

Corn 87 " « « 50c. to 56c.

Hay $30 per ton. " "$10 per ton.

Oats C2c. per bushel. " " 25c. per b.

03' The Proceedings of the Mass. Hort. Society, came
lo hand too late for insertion this week.

PROSPECTUS.

Fessendcn's Practical Farmer and Silk Manual, devoted
to Jlgriculture, Rural Economy and the Culture of
Silk. Published monthly at fifty cents per annum.

This is the title, and these the conditions of a
work intended to embrace the subjects of Agri-
cuLTnRE and Silk Cdlture. It will contain,
chiefl}', articles on Practical Farming and Rural
Economy, selected from the Weekly New Eng-
land Farmer, and therefore intended for those
who are not subscribers for that work.

We hope and believe that the culture of Silk,
in some, if not in all its branches will, eventually
become the employment of a portion of the family
of every farmer ; and not only be made a source
of considerable profit to the individuals engaged
in this fine art but a great natwnal henefit ; not
only save millions to the United States now sent
out of the cointry for the importation of this
useful as well as elegant article, but become a
source of national income by its exportations.
There is a certainty of a sale for this article, as
the wants and the wishes of the wearers and
consumers will increase with the copiousness and
facilities of the supplies. The amount now con-
sumed in the country may be in some degree
estimated by reference to the value of the raw
Silk now imported, which as it appears by official
documents, exceeds ten millions of dollars,
annually.

In connexion with subjectsrelating to Agriculture
the Practical Farmer will contain the experiments
and opinions of cultivators engaged in the grow-
ing of Mulberry trees, as well as the manufacture
of Silk; avoiding such theories an<l speculations
as might probably mislead, or be misunderstood
by those who are practically concerned in Silk
manufacture. And we would respectfully solicit
communications from those who are or may be
engaged in silk culture, to enricli the pages of our
Silk Manual.

Postmasters and others who may be disposed
to assist us in obtaining subscribers, will please to
retain 10 per cent of the money which they may
receive for subscriptions ; and the aid of all who
are friendly to the objects of our periodical is
respectfully solicited.

GEORGE C. BARRETT, Publisher.

GR.4.PE1 VINES &. PI,UM TREES.

Isabella and Catawba of extra size and Ked and White
Chasselas Grapes, and of the foreign varieltes.

Also — Plum Irees of vigorous growdi and of ihe most ap-
proved kinds, for sale by S.4MUEL POiND, Cambridgeport

Orders may be left at" the N. E. Farmer Office, march 18.

TO NURSERYMEN.

The subscriber wishes to relinquish the cliarge of liis exten-
sive Nurseries to a tenant, or share it with a competent associ-
ate. A green house is conteniplated as aa appendage to the
eslabhshment. O. FISKE.

Worcester, March 16, 1835.

TO LET,

On a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed upon, a
Farm, containing one hundred acres of Land, suitable fur a
Dairy, with dwelTin"; house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
site, a good orchard, and well watered. The situation is two
miles from the city of .\ew Haven, in the Parish of Hampden
For lurther particulars address (post paid) to No. 265, box
post olfice, New Haven. Feb. i5.

SEED CHENANGO POTATOES.

500 bushels superior quality for planting, from Penobscot
river ,for sale by G. CUR PIS, No. lOi Fanueil Hall Market,
may 20.

LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS.

Dr King informs his friends and the public tha- he contin-
ues to prepare and affix to buildings his improved Lightning
Conductors. They are approved by all practical and well
informed Electricians, in aflbrding -uperior protection against
Lightning to the o.'d form. Gentlemen in want of Lightning
Conductors are invited to call at his rooms, No. 51 Cornhill,
Boston, where they may be satisfied of the superior effi?cts of
his Ivods, by illustration — where also may be had, Plate and
Cylinder Electrical Machines, Galvanic Batteries and their
apparatus — all warranted of the best workmanship and supe-
rior power. Prices reasonable, for cash or approved credit.

may 20.

HOLIilS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind- Galls, Old Strains, Stiff

joints, Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are

strained in the back sinews, wrung in the withers, S,'C. ; also

for Glandular swellings of the throat.

The ingredients which compose this preparation have I>een
carefully selected after many years' experience, and are some
of the most successful remedies united, correctly proporlioned
and happily adapted to afford relief in all the above mentioned
complaints} the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article is used, it will be preferred to any other, as it is decid-
edly the best and certainly the most convenient article in use.

N. B. Persons afflicted with Rheumatism, Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Stifiness, or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Linimentja valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, fllass.

[O^ The Public are requested toobserve that each label is
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o29

ViVLUABLE AVORK. ON AGRICULTURE.

This Day published by Gfo. C. Barrett, THE COM-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T.
G. FesSenden. Second edition, revised and improved by tlie
Author, with considerable additions.

The first ed'tion v\ as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent for a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendations to public patronage, and cannot fail to prove still
more useful lo the community of cultivators.

This work has met with decided and universal approbation
from- the most compptent judges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. Johm
Lowell and Rev. Henry Colman. The Editors of Ihe
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the iVIainC
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, ^*c. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to pubhsh
those of the other gentlemen who have honored the work with
their approbation.

"Roxbury, April 6, 1835.

" Having perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fesseuden, Esq. in its first
edition, and ha\ing recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory to a second edition, I am of opinion that it is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know that the sci-
ei.ce of Agriculture is so extensive as to fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such^ff a-
bridgement full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But 1 know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more instruction 1n so Small
a compass than this work of Mr Fessenden.

mb John Lowell."

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

For sale at this office, one complete set of the New England
Farmer, comprising twelve volumes, neatly a.,d well bound,
and perfect. Price $5 25 per volume, cash. Feb. IS.

FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

An excellent Farm coulainiiig 70 acres, situated in Marlbo
rough. .Mass., w'ilh a house and hsrn thereon, for sale, or would
be exchanged lor property in the city of Boston. For terms
and particulars inquire of G. C. BARRETT at this office, or
N. B. PROCTOR, Esq. of said Marlborough. Cm.

AGENCV IN CONCORD, N. H.

William Kent has accepted the agency of the New Eng-
land Seed Establishment, and has received a full assortment of
Gard'^"* unci Flower Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
tions for cultivating, &.c. on each paper. These Seeds ale
warranted, being raised in gardens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. March 24., 18.'?5.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

corrected with great care, weekly.

GRAPE \^NES.

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines
for sale by Jonathan Botce. Market Street, Lynn,
march 25. 4t

FROM

TO

Apples,

barrel

3 00

3 50

Beans, white, . ...

bushel

2 37

250

Beef, mess, (new)

barrel

13 30

14 00

Cargo, No. I.

"

IS 50

prime, ....

«(

8 50

900

Beeswax, (American) .

pound

20

24

Butter inspected. No. 1, .

Cheese, new milk, ....

"

8

9

skimmed milk.

It

H

6

Feathers, northern, geese, .

"

40

45

southern, geese,

.<

35

39

Flax, American, ....

10

11

Flaxseed, . i

bushel

1 25

1 30

Flodr, Genesee, . . cash .

barrel

6 87

700

Baltimore, Howard street.

ti

6 75

700

Baltimore, wharf.

it

650

6 75

Alexandria,

"

Grain, Corn, northern yellow .

bushel

90

95

southern yellow

"

(.7

88

white.

"

81

90

Rye, northern,

IC

85

85

Barley

"

75

80

Oats, nor hern, . (prime)

it

52

55

Hat, best English, ....

ton

20 00

22 50

eastern screwed, .

It

15 00

16 00

hard pressed, ....

it

17 00

18 00

Honey,

gallon

37

42

Hops, Isl quality

pound

13

14

2d quality ....

"

Lard, Boston, Isl sort, .

'*

11

12

southern, 1st sort.

it

Leather, slaughter, sole.

it

19

20

do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

"

12

14

II

16

18

do. upper, .

"

18

20

Philadelphia, sole. .

It

27

29

Baltimore, sole, .

"

25

27

Lime, best sort, ....

cask

1 00

110

Pork, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .

barrel

22 00

22 50

Navy, mess, ....

"

16 00

17 00

bone, middlings,

it

8

8 50

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

bushel

225

2 50

Red Top,

"

77

100

Red Clover, northern.

pound

8

9

White Dutch Honeysuckle, .

"

25

30

Tallow, tried

cwt.

730

800

Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces. .

pound

70

85

American, full blood, washed.

•'

60

65

do. 3-tths do.

ii

55

60

do. 1-2 do.

It

45

50

do. 1-4 and common

'•

40

45

Native washed

It

38

60

J- f Pulled superfine,

"

60

65

5 -a 1st Lambs, .

it

43

50

■5-2 J 2d do. . .

it

30

.33

c g. 3d do.

it

25

30

^ 1st Spinning, .

tt

35

40

Southern pulled wool is generally 5 cts.

less per lb.

PROVISION MARKET

Hams, northern,
southern.
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) .

lump
Eggs,

CoTATOE9,"->

Pidir,

RETAIL PRICES.

pound

12

%

b
10

20
22

dozen

It;

bushel

50

barrel

300

13

8
7
14
22
24
17
55
350

BRIGHTON MARKET,— Monday, May 18, 1834.
[Reported for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.)

At Market 430 Beef Cattle, 10 pairs Working Oxen,
15 Cows and Calves, 850 Sheep, and IGO Swine- About
170 Beef Cattle and several lots Sheep unsold.

Prices. — Beef Cattle— ?nces have further declined ;
we quote prime at 39s ; good at 33s a 37s 6d ; thin at
aSs 6d a 32s 6d.

Working Oxen — No sales noticed.

Cows and Calves— Sd.le3 at $24, 27, 32, 50, 35 and 45.

Sheep — Dull ; market completely glutted ; one lot
sheared were taken at 3c per lb alive ; one lot at 12s, one
at 15s, one at 16s Gd, and one at 18s ; a few not sheared
price not made known.

Swine — One lot of large selected barrows were taken
at 6c ; at retail 6 for sows and 7 for barrows.

360

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

MAY 30, 193S;

SPRING.

Now the golden morn aloft
Waves her dew bespangled wing

Wilh vermiel cheeks, and wiiisper soft,
Shp woos the tardy spring;

Till April starts and calls around
The sleeping fragrance from the ground ;

And lightly o'er the living scene,

Scatters his freshest, tenderest green.

New born 6ocks in rustic dance,
Frisking ply their feeble feet ;

Forgetful of tlieir wintery trance
The birds his presence greets.

But chief the sky lark warbles high
His trembling thrilling ccstacy ;

And lessening from the dazzled sight,

Melts into air and liquid light.

Kise, my soul, on wings of fire.

Rise the rapturous choir among ;
Hark ! 'tis nature strikes the lyre.

And leads the general song;
Warm let the lyric transport flow.
Warm as the ray that bids it glow.
And animates the vernal grove
With health and harmony and love,

Yesterday the sullen year

Saw the snowy whirlwind fly :
Mute was the music of the air,
The herd stood drooping by ;
Their raptures now that wildly flow,
No yesterday, no niorrow know j.
'Tig num alone that joy descries,
With forward and reverted eyes.

See the wretch that long has tost

On tlie thorny bed of pain.
At length repair his vigor lost.

And breathe, and walk again ;
The meanest floweret of the vale,
The simplest note that swells the gale,
The common sun, Iho air, the skies.
To him are opening paradise.

The Tomato. — Few vegetablo.s of ecjiial value
are so little known through this country. None
are more readily raised — none better repay the
cultivator.

The totiiato, or love apple, is a luxury in com-
mon use through the south of Europe. In France
and Italy, particularly, it is largely employed in
culinary preparations. Either raw or stewed, in
soups, or fricassees, for gravy, or catsup, as well as
for j)icklcs and sweetmeats, its utility is such that
it would not readily be dispensed with by those
who have given it a fair trial in these various
ways. The experience of several years enables
me to recommend the tomato to all who desire
the acquisition in their gardens of a cheaj) lux-
ury. For salubrity none can surjiass it> It
has been constantly used in various fort."' Gfc al-
most every meal during the la.st three or four sea-
sons, by myself and several ar(|uaintance, whose
health continued excellent, even when the ])reva-
lence of the cholera banished fruits and vegetables
generally from most tal>les.

Should any who are now unacqitainted with
the tomato, make the experiment of raising a sup-
ply, they may add to the simple luxuries of the
table by adopting these directions for making to-
mato catsup.

The tomatoes, when fully ripe, should be bruised

and boiled slowly for an half an hour — then
strained through a cloth, and the liquid boiled
for another half hour, after adding salt and spices
but witiiout any admixture of water. The scitm
should be carefully removed, so as to render the
liquid as pure as possible. It should be bottled
and kept in a cool place. After it has stood a
short time, should any sediment be discovered in
the bottles, (and in order to luiow with certainty,
char glass bottles would be the best for this use,)
the liquor should be poured off into other bottles.
In this way catsup of excellent quality — prefera-
ble, in my judgment, to that from mushrooms, and
clear as choice Madeira — can be readily made, in
greater quantity, and with less trouble, than in the
common way. — Genesee Farmer.

Waste of Manure. — " But as an example
may perhaps bring this before you in a stronger
point of view than in any other way I can put it,
let me suppose that some of you should purchase
a little tea at a grocer's ; as long as you keep it
dry and shut up from the weather, it will preserve
its original strength, even for years ; btit when
you put into a teapot, and pour water on it three
or four times, the strength is all gone, and your
tea becomes, I may say useless matter. It is just
so with your manure. 1 see it often placed in
such situations that the rain water from your
house and offices, and the seepage from the higher
grounds, all run through it ; thus every shower
floods it day after day, carrying off always some
part of the strength, until at length it is left as
dead and as useless as the leaves thrown out of
the teapot.

" Surely no man in his senses will persist .•>ny
longer in such gross management. If you were
to observe a man quietly stand by and see his po-
tatoes destroyed, which are to be the chief sup-
port of hunself and family, you would say he was
either mad or a downright idiot ; and if this would
be your opinion of him, what can you say of your-
selves when you stand liy and daily look on at the
destruction of that manure by which your pota-
toes are to be produced ?" — Blackcr^s Essay.

Salting Bdtter. — The qtiantity of salt for
butter that is not to be eaten for several months
after salting, should not bo less than half an ounce
of salt, mixed witk two drachms of sugar and
two drachms of nitre, to sixteen ounces of butter.
The sugar improves the taste, and the nitre gives
the butter a better color, while both of them act
with the salt in preserving the butter from ran-
cidity. If the salt is not minutely mixed into tlie
butter, that on which it rests will have a yellow or
brownish color, while the rest will be of a white
color, which, in dairy language i.s termed "pyety
butter,'' that brings an inferior price. But although
the butter has to be kneaded among, and the salt
well mixed into it, care must be taken not to hake
or knead it too nmch, otherwise it will become
tough and gluey. — Qwor. Journal.

A Frugal Wife. — A woman in this town,
during the last year, from a common sized flock
of hens, (our informant thinks about fifteen,) pro-
cured and sold eggs enough to purchase throe bar-
rels of flour ; after deducting one cent per dozen
allowed for niarkcting, tmil at the end of the sea-
son sold five dollars worth of poultry — Brunswick
(Me.) Pioneer.

PliEASANT AND VAXtJABtE RESIDKNCE FOK
SAXE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Brushhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing 16 acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre contaniing valuable fruits
&,c. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulars inquire of Messrs LOT
WHEELRIGHT <^- SOIV, 4C Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold, a number of fine animals, from the breed of
Denton, Admiral, Wye Comet, &c. Apply to A. Green-
wood, on the Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's Meeting-
House, in Dorchester. feb. 25.

■WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is well acquainted with his business in al
its branches, and who can procure good recommendations from
his last employers. Enquire at G. C. Barrett's Agricultural
Warehouse, Boston. m6.

SII.K COCOONS "WAJVTED.

The subscriber, encouraged by the late act of the Legisla-
ture to reel and throw American Silk, wishes to purchase al
the Agricultural Warehouse in Boston, Silk Cocoons, and will
pay S'3 per bushel for the best, and in proportion for poorer
nes. [m6] G. C. SARKETT.

GRIST MII.I> MACHINERY FOR SAIiE.

A grist mill, with geering complete, built in the best manner,
and has been running but a very short time — stones 3 feet 6
inches diameter — runner J9 inches thick — removed for the
accommodation of other machinery.

One runner, 3 feet diameter, 17 inches thick.

Two driving wheels, partly worn, with pinions and spindles.

A pair of mill stones, superior grit, i feet 8 inches diameter,
runner 18 inches thick, with the requisite iron work.

The above will be sold low, if immediate application is made
at the counting room of the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.

march 11..

KAI.MIAS, AZALEAS, <&c.

The subscriber will furnish Kalmia latifolias and Azalea
nudlfloras in bundles of 25 each, packed in moss, at the rate
of gl2,60 per hundred, delivered at Geo. C. Barrett's
Seed Store, who is agent, at short notice. Also, a great vari-
ety of indigenous and exotic shrubs, and herbaceous plants

Lancaster Garden, March 27. JOS. BRECK.

FOR SAI/E OR TO LET,

A valuable Farm situated in Medford, about five miles from
this city, well calculated for a milk, vegetable and fruit farm,
or would be let on shares, provided a temperate man should
want the same.

For further particulars apply at this office, m I]

GROUND PLASTER,

From the Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs.
each, constantly on hand and for sale by GEO. CLARK *!^
CO. No. 9, T VVharf. april 8.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at S3 per annuin,
payable al the end of the year — but those who pay within
sixty days from the time of subscribing, are entitled to a de-
duction of fifty cents.

[nir No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made iu advance.

AGENTS.
New york — G C. Thorburn, 67 Liberty-street.
Albany — Wm. Thorburn, 347 Market-street.
Philadelphia— D. Sf C. Landeeth, 85 Chesnut-street.
Ilultimore—1. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farme^
Cincinnati— S. C. Farkhurst, 23 Lower Market-street.
Fliishitis, N. >'.— Wm. Prince iV Sons, Prop. Lin. Bot.Gar. .
Mtddlcbury, Vt. — Wight Chapman, Merchant.
/7ar{/'or(/— Goodwin Sf Co. Booksellers.
Newlmnjport — Ebenezer Stedman, Bookseller.
Porlsmoulh, N. //.—John W. Foster, Bookseller.
Woodstock, Vt.—J. A. Pratt.
Banffor,Me.—\VM. Mann, Druggist.

Ilalifaic, N. S.-V. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
Si. io«!S— Geo. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND WXIEKS,

No. 8, School Street.

ORDERS FOR PRINTING RECEIVED ET THE POBLl^HSn

m

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBUSHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, M.\Y 27, 1835.

NO. 46.

BEE PASTURAGE.

We have often tliouglit that there was not i:o
much attention paid to the providing pasturage, =1"
we may so call it, for liees as there ought to hi.
The jtrincipal trouble \s to get such vegetables iii
sufficient quantity around them as will blossom
«arly in the spring, and afford thent such food as
their wants require. The earliest blossom that we
have in this latitude is the commons wamp willow.
But very little thought or care is taken of I'lis
shrub. It is generally cut down and other shn lis
spared which do not blossom till late in the sea-
son, whereas it should be saved and increased. It
may very easily be multiplied by cutting off and
sticking down branches here and there, which v.'ill
take root and grow, and afford fine pasturage for
them. It is an object to plant them in wet and
waste places. The species of \villow most prev-
alent here is not so limber and tough as many ot'
the other species. Would it not be well to in-
troduce the other kinds, such as are used for
basket and wicker work? These might be suffer-
ed to grow, and part of the twigs be cut off .•;:i-
nually and sold for the purposes of basket making
and the others left to blossom for the bee.

The next earliest blossom is probably the alder,
which does not yield quite so much food for bees
as the willow — but they use it however to good
advantage. Next the ehn and the maple and the
little fragrant creeping ground laurel or mayflowei,
(Epigea repens) and the birch and the hazel.

They also need food late in the season, and
such autumnal plants as linger late should lie
spared for them. Buck wheat and hemp should
be sown, and the witch hazel which throws out its
blossoms late in October, and sometimes not till No-
vember, should be suffered to grow here and there,
that they may take a sip now and then when thej'
venture out during the gleamings of a November
sun. Many are apt to think these kind of shrubs
useless, because they do not yield some luscious
fruit or useful product directly into their hands,
wheB no doubt myriads of living beiags are de-
pendent upon them for existence, and ev -n the
lordly insect, man, may be indebted to thaj.i for
more of his comforts than he is aware of. — Maine
Farmer.

CHINESE BITTLBERRY. .

The first genuine seed of this plant WT.r had in
this country, was obtained by the Secieiary of
our Agricultural Society, through an American
Missionary resident at Canton. It was distributed
among individuals here and various experiments
have been made and others are now making in this
town, to test its adaption to our climate and supe-
riority over the common mulberry for the feeding
of silk worms. As the seedling plant is but little
known in this country except in this town and its
character is exciting much interest with silk
growers, we have tried, through Dr Stebbins, to
collect such facts about the nature and cultivation
of the plants. The Secretary says —

" This seed was probably the first and only true

seed ever imported. It was sowed in drills, and
where not planted too deep did well ; some was
sown as late as the month of August and did well.
The seed sliould be planted only about one fourth
of an inch in depth. The leaves attained a good
size, more than 10 inches by 9, and probably ^voidd
have grown to a greater size, had not the leaves
been killed by the early severe frost, which des-
stroyed many other of a much firmer wood; the
roots have, however, been well preserved and
will answer well for trasplanting this spruig —
those who have made engagements for them will
be siijjplied, and can have more if wanted and
applied for soon.

There is one distinctive peculiarity between the
leaves of the seedling Chinese Mulberry of the last
year and the leaves of plants or trees which have
been long in the country, propagated from cuttings
or layers, while the leaves of the latter are pen-
dulous, having the appearance of debility — the
former from the seed give out a leaf of stout tex-
ture, of equal size, without any appearance of de-
liilily, equally soft, silky, and as congenial to the
constitution of the worm. For feeding womis
one (lound of the Chinese mulberry is said to be
equal to nearly double that quantity of white
mulberry, probably because young worms will not
or cannot eat the fibres and stems of the white
mulberry, while of the Chinese leaf the worms
eat stem and all, a great .saving in feed. It is
agreed among horticulturists, and a fact acknowl-
edged by mn-sery men, that trees propagated
liy cuttings or shoots, are not as long-lived as those
from seed. This circumstance is highly favora-
able to the culture of the Chinese seedling.

Although the climate of New England may be
congenial to the growth and culture of the Chi-
nese mulberry, and that trees have withstood the
severity of several winters, even in open and ex-
posed situations, because these trees have not been
disturbed by frequent hoeing about the roots, in
the extensive cultivation of the Chinese nuilberry,
it may he prudent to accelerate the growth in the
early part of the season, by frequent hoeing and
Burring the earth about the plant — and by or be-
fore the middle of the month of August, it will
be necessary wholly to omit stirring the earth
about the roots, to impede the growth of the tree.
To use the leaves for feeding wonns, or for dry-
ing in a shade with a sprinkling of salt and pack-
ed away for early use the next spring. By this
method the tree may acquire a more firm tex-
ture or wood. On light soil the plant will soon-
est cease to grow, therefore our poor light laud
will best answer for the propagation of the Chi-
nese mulberry, and on such land be more likely
to acquire firm wood and the capability of with-
standing the severity of northern winters. But as
the plant may be multiplied by cuttings or layers,
to a great extent, should any person fear the se-
verity of winter, the plants may be easily secured
by laying down the plant and covering with earth,
or by drawing up the earth a few inches above
where the sprouts start from the foot stalk — or by

taking u|it'ie roots and setting out in a cellar or
out housi:. These several methods have been
adopted with success, and have preserved the
roots in a healthy condition ; but the tender plants
v/Iiich were left in the field without any protection
have suffered severely, especially in conseiiuencc
of the early frost, which proved the death not only
of the Chj.iese mulbeiTy stock, hut also some of
our most hardy trees. The free circulation of the
sap being thus impeded, and retained in the body
of the tree, imtil the winter frost set in, froze the
saj) and In many instances opened large crevices
in tlie bark and wood of the grape, peach, cherry
and perhaps some other trees, some of which arc
apparently dead above the openings, and no plant
in its grceu state, could withstand such attacks
without some protection — where this has befen
attended to, the roots appear healthy. In setting
out this?; ling, if the staiks of the seedling had
not been killed the cultivator would have cut
away the stalk to about one or two inches above
the root before transplanting, tliat vigorous shoots
should put forth from the root to form layers.
The coming season, a leading stalk may be left for
a standard tree, the lower branches bent down for
layers, secured in place by forked sticks, covered
a few inches whh earth, every eye or bud would
give out a branch or tree equal to the original
stalk, and a corresponding root ; smd when want-
ed for re. 'laiv d -or transplanting can he separated
from die parent stock without injury.

I have this nay examined a standard tree, M.
Mullieaulis, wliich was set in an exposed situa-
tion, and has stood the severity of the last three
winters, as uninjured as an dm, oak, or any of
the most hardy forest trees. It has attained about
its greatest height, 8 feet, and is iu full life to the
extremity of the to])inost shoot. The grass lias
grown about the roots, therefore, has not been
much disturbed by hoeing, and in consequence
acquired hard wood, the very result wimted by
the cultivator of the Chinese mulberry. From
the above experiment, may we not expect, that by
setting the Mortis Muhicaulis for standard trees,
and leave the earth about the roots undisturbed,
that this tree will be so acclimated as to withstand
our severest winters ? The experiment will un-
doubtedly be made and the writer would be much
obliged to have all and any facts which shall come
to the knowledge of his friends, respecting the
culture of the Morus Multicaulis, communicated
to him, that the public may have tlie benefit of the
information.

Different forms of setting out the plants or
roots will probably be adopted by different culti-
vators, adapted to the several objects in view. If
the intention shall be only to nuiltiply the plant,
the rows may be 4 to 6 feet apart and the plants
three feet apart in the rows — the s[)ace between
the rows may be planted with potatoes without in-
jury to the plants and without much loss of ground.

But if the intention should be to form standard
trees, for feeding worms ;md also for multiplying
layers, then it would be proper to have the plants

362

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

itiAT ar, IS3S.

set in rows about six or eight feet apart, and the
same distance apart in the rows, and the space
between the rows may he used for potatoes, tur-
nips, cabbages, or other low vegetables, which
would not require hoeing after the first or
of August. — .Vorthampton Courier.

lie

WASHING SHEEP.

It may seem somewhat early in the day, to think
or say anything upon this subject, when the hills
and the mountains on our frontier look so much
like January, and the clouds and the air look and
feel more like November than lovely smiling May.
But in all probability the time is not far distant
when sheep must be sheared, and ought previously
to be washed. By washed, we mean what tlie
word was originally designed to mean — a thorough
purification tioni all dirt and extraneous matter by
water, not mere sopping in a mud puddle, and
then a drying upon a sand bank. But to be seri-
ous. The State of Maine annually suffers a se-
vere loss by neglect in washing the wool upon the
sheep as it ought to be. Many seem to think that
the more dirt they can sell the more gain. No
such thing. Saying nothing of the iniquity of the
thino-, it is exceedingly injurious to the reputation
of the wool-grower. The buyer looks narrowly
at the quality and cleanliness of the fleece, and he
ntakes up his mind accordingly. If it be clean
he will give a fair price, if it be dirty he makes a
deduction, and always encugh to bring the seller
a loss on the actual value of the wool.

We earnestly hope that our wool-growers will
see to this thing, and endeavor to have their fleeces
in the finest state possible tor the market. There
seems to be an indication now, that the manufac-
turer is willing to give a fair jirice for fleece wool,
and it is no more than just that the wool-growers
sliould meet him in as fair a maimer ; with a good
well washed article. By so doing the buyer will
be the gainer, the seller will be the gainer, the
State will be the gainer — all will be gainers. —
Maine Farmer.

spool, is worth five dollars per pound. At this
estimate, the whole product of the plantation
would amount to the incredible sum of $75,000
per year. But admitting — and it is admitted on
all hands — that the trees for the next five years
will average one-eighth of a poun<l each, the pro-
duct of the plantation will amount to upwards of
$18,000 per year.

It is to be hoped that extensive preparations
will be made during the present season, to extend
the growth, of what promises to become in a few
years, the great staple of New England. It is a
staple too, that will require as little protection
against foreign competition, as the cotton of the
South, and promises to relieve us more than any
thing else, from the necessity of calling for the re-
vival of the protecting policy, after the period of
limitation shall expire. — Providence Jouriial.

Rhode Isxand Silk.— A few months since,
we gave some account of the operations of the
Valentine Silk Company, in this city. They were
at that time just getting their plantation of Mul-
berry trees under way, and had conunenced oper-
ating some machinery by way of experiment.
Since that time, they have manufactured a con-
siderable quantity of rich and beautiful goods, and
have been so fully satisfied with the result of their
experiment, that they have fitted up, in the vicinity
of the Steam Cotton Factory, in this city, a build-
ing, thirty feet by ninety, three stories high, with
a basement, to be devoted hereafter to the manu-
facture of Silk. An engine of six horse jjower,
is already up, and the machinciy will be in opera-
tion, in the course of a week. Thus as Rhode
Island led the way in the manufuture of Cotton,
so does she lead in the mamifacture of Silk — and
we do not doubt that the latter enterprize will prove
to be even more beneficial to New England, than
the former has ever been.

The (ilantatiou of this Company, now contains
about 30,000 trees, from four to five years old, and
from six to eight feet high. One of the oldest
and most eminent silk culturists, in the United
States, on examining this plantation a few days
since, expressed the opinion that, I'm the next five
years, its products would average half a pound of
silk to the tree. The silk when wound upon the

EXPERIHEIVTS ON BONE MANURE.

Perth Jlmboy, Aug. 9, 1834.
Mr John Hornby : Sir — Yours of the 5th inst.
is at hand, and in reply to your questions re-
specting the use of bone dust as a manure, I would
state :

1st. That I have used bone dust both on alight
and on a heavy loam, without any perceptibk dif-
ference in its effects.

2d. That I planted my corn in drills 54 feet
apart, strewing the bone dust in the drills at the
rate of sixteen bushels per acre, the corn very
good. I also planted in drills two rows ma-
nured highly with hog-pen and yard manm-e, and
two rows with fish, neither of which are equal to
corn manured with bones.

3d. I tnanured about an acre of grass with 25
bushels of bones spread broadcast, and found it
in effect superior to any other manure I had before
\ised for that purpose ; the grass grew most lux-
uriantly, and was fit for the scythe two to three
weeks sooner than any other around it.

4th. I also used it broadcast on o.its at the rate
of 24 bushels per acre. Its effects, by those who
witnessed it, were said to be superior to farm-yard
manure.

5th. From want of time to prepare it, I liave
not tried it in com.post, but should suppose its ef-
fects in that way would be more immediate, from
its having imdergone a previous fermentation in
the compost heap.

For trees I have found bone dust a most excel-
lent manure.

Yours, respectfully, John R. Watso.\.

Remarks. — For the above I am indebted to Mr
Hornby. Experiments, in this country, on grass
and oats, have not, I believe, been before detailed
in the Farmer. They are importaiU and quite
satisfactory. The number of bushels on grass is
n-reater than I should suppose is necessary. — JVeie
York Farmer.

and which, by some, arc considered the greatest
invention since the steamboat, are said to be the
result of hasty cogitation in the workshop. We
look at most of the important inventions of the
age, and find them so simple in their first princi-
ples, that we almost involuntarily ask, why were
not these things known before ? Why have we
been groping on for years in ignorance of princi-
ples so simple, and yet so vastly important in their
practical application ?

The successful culture of silk, in this country,
and particularly in Vermont, may be regarded in
the light of a recent discovery ; and we are con-
fident the tinie cannot be remote, when our farm-
ers in Vermont will be wondering at themselves,
that they should so long have deprived themselves
of the rich rewards of an appropriate branch of
profitable husbandry. We invite the attention of
our farming readers in particular to the letter of
Ambrose Spencer on the preceding page. The
idea of manufacturing silk in poor houses strikes
us as very important in relation to N. York. In
this State, the manufacture must be carried on if
at all, by all grades, for in respect to property, it
may be said of us, that we are blest with a "glorious
mediocrity."

The silk business must go ahead. Let every
farmer who can try the experiment of raising
the mulberry — wherever that flourishes, it seems
to be conceded by all that the worm will thrive
also. Try it. — Vermont State Journal.

Serpentink, — so called from its resemblance
to the spots on the skins of some serjjents, is class-
ed by geologists among primary rocks ; it occurs
chiefly in gneiss and mica slate, frequently in very
thick beds. The colors are most generally various
shades of light and dark green which are inter-
mixt in spots and clouds ; some varieties are red .
When found intermixt with crystalline white mar-
ble, it constitutes a stone denominated verd antique
which is highly valued for ftrnamental sculpture.
Serpentine is easily wrought and is susceptible of
a high polish ; in Europe it is extensively used for
trinkets, vases, boxes, &c. and occasionally for
columns of a large size ; articles wrought from it
when jjolished are said to present a very beautiful
appearance. This rock abounds in various parts
of this State ; a large bed occurs on the north
side of Deerfield river, in Zoar, near the turnpike
from Greenfield to Willianiston; we have seen a
splendid specimen from this locality'. Although it
exists in abundanee in different sections of the
i-niiAy, we are not aware that much use has ever
been m.^de of it for ornamental or architectural
pinpnjus ; but this, as well as other usefiil rocks
and minerals with which this country is stored,
will be'Siiire used, as wealth and refinement in-
creases.— Greenjield Gazette. i

Silk Cui^ture. — Some of the most important
discoveries in science have been the result of ac-
cident. Newton's mind was directed to inquire
successfiiUy into the principle of gravitation by
the falling of a blighted apple upon his head,
while reposing in the shade of a tree. Faust it
is said, was led to the discovery of the art of print-
ing by simply noticing the impression made upon
a i)iece of parchment by some hard plate in his
pocket. And the famous weighing scales, invent-
ed by Mr Thaddeus Fairbanks, of St. Johnsbury,

Rhubarb. — This is one of the nfany plants
which a farmer may have in his garden, and
which may be made to contribute to the delicacies
of his table, and to the health and comfort of his
fiunily, with very little expense or labor. The
plant is perennial, and resembles much in its hab-
its the burdock, though the leaves and their stalks
may be somewhat larger, in a good soil. A dozen
plants will serve to supply a family. The leaf
stalks are the parts used. The skin or cuticle is
peeled oft' — they are then cut into quarter or half
inch pieces, and used without further preparation,

VOU XIII. NO. 46.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

368

with sugar and spices, like unripe gooseberries
for pies and tarts, which fruit it very much re-
sembles in flavor. It may be used in the spring,
and till midsummer. Medical men ascribe to it a
salutary influence upon health, particularly to
children, when used in this way. The seed ri-
pens about midsummer, at whicli time it may be
sown. — Cultivator.

MULBERRY TREEl.

Directions for sowing the seed, and rearimr the
plants, of the White Mulberry Tree : prei)ared in
Jjursuance of a resolution of the New York State
Agricultural Society.

1. Prepare a good piece of garden soil, by dig-
ging and pulverizing it ; lay it out in beds three
or four feet broad, and rake it off smooth. Do
this early in May. Sow from 12th May to the 1st
June.

2. With a hoe, stick, or other instrument, pro-
ceed to make shallow drills across the bed thus
prepared, from twelve to fifteen inches apart, and
scatter the seed in the drills as thick as you would
onion or parsnip seed ; then cover half an inch
with fine mould, and press it moderately down
with a hoe ; or wlien the first drill is sown and
covered, place upon it a narrow strip of board and
stand upon this board to sow the second drill,
upon which, when sown, place the board in a like
manner, and sow the third drill and proceed thus
until the whole is completed. The pressure of
the earth upon the seeds is to bring it in close
contact witli them, that they may be kept moist,
and germinate readily. If the weather be dry, or
the soil very light, an occasional watering at eve-
ning will be beneficial.

3. The only further care required, the first sea-
son, will he to keep the ground free from weeds
and the soil moderately loose.

4. Strong plants of one year's growth may he
transplanted in April into nursery rows ; or the
whole may be left to grow a second summer in
the seed bed ; the ground, as before, being kept
from weeds, and occasionally stirred.

5. After two summer's growth, all the strong
and healthy plants should be placed in nursery
rowf, which may be done thus ; the good ground
being prepared, as for a crop, draw a line and pro-
ceed to open a trench, of suflicient breadth and
depth to admit the roots freely, leaving the side
next the line straight and ]>erpendicular. Having
assorted the plants, and cut off the bruised, and
shortened the top roots, a man proceeds to lay
them in a trench, in their proper position, the heel
of the plant towards the line, and at the distance
of a foot apart : while another man with a spade
or the planter with a gardener's trowel, throws in
earth to hold them in their places. The trench
is then to be filled, the plants set upright, and the
earth trod about them. The other rows are
planted in like manner, three feet apart ; the
ground to be kept clean during the season.

6. After standing two years in nursery, the
])Iants will have acquired a sufficient size to plant
out in the ground where they are to stand ; and if
intended to be grown in hedges, or as bushes, they
may be taken earlier, even at two years old, from
the seed bed. For hedges, plant the same as for
nursery rows, at eighteen inches, the ground hav-
ing been previously prepared by an ameliorating
crop, as potatoes. The same precautions are
necessary with mulberry as with other fruit trees,

inten<led for standards, as to distance and planting.
A broad and deep hole, partially filled with good
surface mould, will always repay for extra labor.
When intended to be cultivated as bushes, they
may be planted thick and left untrimmed, so as to
occupy the entire ground. Tlie midberry is gen-
erally grown in the latter way in India and some
parts of Italy. It facilitates the gathering of the
leaves, and affords an earlier product.

The nntlberry grovvs well on almost any soil,
and particularly in one which is stony. Upon
poor, dry soils, it afibrds the best material for
silk. An ounce of seed will give some thousand
plants, and require a bed four feet broad, and
forty to fifty feet long. J. Buel, Cor. Sec.

Mbany, March 15, 183-5.

Chinese methoo of cultivating the mul-
berry.— The Chinese have various methods for
cultivating the unilberry, all of which may he ad-
vantageously adopted in this country. One method
is as follows : — In the spring, they sow the seed,
in well prepared ground, in drills or by broad
cast. The next year, when the plants are cov-
ered with foliage, they mow them down, in the
same manner that farmers mow small bushes in
their pastures, and feed the worms. Those mow-
ings are followed until the stock becomes .so stinted
and exhausted as to be unable to send forth shoots,
when they sow another piece of ground for the
ensuing year. This crop can be daily made, ex-
cept after very dry weather, in different portions
of the ground, and each plant will bear to he top-
ped three times at least before the mounting of
the silk worms.

This method has several important advantages
over all other methods. The leaves are gathered
with trifling labor and expense — the same area of
ground will produce more foliage — it enables the
culturist to commence the making of silk in the
coiuse of one year — tenants from year to year, as
well as owners of the soil, can secure a yearly
crop of silk, and the quantity of silk can be in-
creased or diminished according to the demand of
the market or of the manntacturers.

This method can, doubtless, be advantageously
adopted in this country, subject, however, to such
modifications as the variableness or vicissitudes of
our climate require. Dr Pascalis, an eminent and
experienced silk culturist, suggests the propriety
of sowing in the latter part of the summer, and
also to gather and dry carefully the foliage before
using. — Silk Culturist.

The silk Culture. — The culture of the mul-
berry tree, and the production of silk, appears at
this time to be drawing the attention of the people
of this state, and many have already made consid-
erable progress in preparations necessary for its
continued and successful pursuit. It is unques-
tionably worthy of their attention, and we believe
the day is not far distant when silk is to become
one of the staple productions of the Northern
States. A fair experiment proves that the climate
is favorable, and that it may, at little expense, be
made to every family a safe, convenient and highly
lucrative employment.

Many gentlemen in this vicinity have this spring
arranged, and others are arranging their mulberry
orchards, and the interest which it engages affords a
safe assurance of the complete success of the un-
dertaking.

Individuals introduced the business several
years since — more perhaps for the curiosity of the
thing than any hope of profit — but the imperfect
experiments which have been thus tried, show
that each thrifty tree at five years old will produce
one dollar! — JV. H. Statesman.

An industrious wife. — A married lady, of
about tvvcntyone years of age, in a town in this
county, besides taking the whole care of her fam-
ily, braided in as many successive days, (Sundays
and one week of ill-health excepted) one hundred
palm leaf hots, which she brought to this town, a
few weeks since, and sold in a lot for forty dollars.
The stock cost her six cents apiece, so that the
nett gain of her labors has been thirtyfour dollars.
Praise upon a married lady is, however, rather
posthumous, for her fate is fixed ; but if our single
damsels will exert a like industry, the story of their
deeds might not be told in vain. — Ports. Join:

Vaccination. — The discovery of vaccination,
as a preventative of that scourge the small pox,
was one of the greatest blessings ever conferred
upon man. Its absolute efficiency is now estab-
lished beyond doubt. The Report of the British
Vaccine Institution goes strongly to this point ; as
it appears by it, that the deaths by small pox in
London, the last year, weie only 324; being 4000
at least less than the annual average of deaths by
that disorder before vaccination was discovered,
though the population of that city was then more
than one third less than it is at present. There
were vaccinated, the last year, at the institution,
11,571 poor persons; and 83,191 other persons
out of the institution. — Essex Register.

Large subscription. — The New York Jour-
nal of Commerce, of yesterday, says: "We under
stand that at the business meeting of the Anti
Slavery Society, held in that city a few days since,
the enormous sum offonrtsen thousand dollars was
subscribed in aid of the society's funds. One gen-
tleman gave 13000, two others .¥1200 each, and so
on downward, according to the several abilities or
zeal of the gentlemen present. We cannot but
admire this princely liberality, prompted, as it is
no doubt in many cases, by the best of motives,
and intended for the best good of the race, both
white and colored.

Chalk. — It is stated in the last number of the
American Magazi;'e, that a quarry of pure chalk
has been discovered by Col. Dodge, of the U. S.
Army, near the Missouri, a mineral which had not
before been discovered in our country. Professor
Silliman, in his lectures, just closed in this town,
mentions that a mineral had been discovered near
the Rocky Mountains, which at first was supposed
to be chalk ; but on examination it proved to be
white clay. This is probably the quarry alluded
to in the American Magazine.

On Thursday forenoon of last week, as Mr
Wetherbee, of Dedhani was proceeding on his
customary route with Ids horse and milk-cart,
when near the Warren bridge, Boston, a person
on the sidewalk, thinking, probably, that the horse
was coming upon him, extended out his umbrella,
which struck the horse in the neck ; and although
the skin was not ruptured, his neck swelled in
■ ucli a uianuev that he was obliged to be left at a
stable in the city, where he died the same even-
ing.— Briggs' Bulletin.

364

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAY 37, 1S3S.

[From Transacacliong of the Essex Ilorticulturai Society, for 1831.]
ON COLiORIMG.

[Continued froni page 3*18.)

Metallic salts may also be used as iiiordaDts.
Those of iron and tin are cxtonsii-ely used in dye-
ing. Iron is used as a iiionlant in two states,
in that of suljiliale of iron, (cop])oras) or
acetate of iron, that is iron dissolved in vinegar
or in tlie acid olitaiiied by distilling wood (pyro-
lygneons acid.)

Tin is used as ;i mordant in three states — dissol-
ved in nitro muriatic acid, (u mixture of the acids
ohtained from salt-petrc and common salt) in ace-
tous acid, and in a mi.\ture of sulphuric and muri-
atic acids. The nitrn muriate of tin is the common
mordant employed by dyers. It is prepared in the
following njanner. BTcIt block tin and pour it into
water briskly agi'.atcd with a bundle of small rods.
Take of this gnuiulatcd tin - two ounces.

Nitric acid - - one pound,

Water - - half a pound,

Common salt or sa! amnioiwac two ounces,
mix them together in a glass vessel, and the tin
v^ill be slowly dissolved. * When nitro-niuriate
of tin is to be used as d mordant, it is dissolved in
a large quantity of water, and the cloth is dipped
',n the solution until sufficiently .saturated. It is
then taken out, washed and dried. Tartar is
usually dissolved in the wtitcr along with the
, nitro muriate of tin. This changes the compound
into a solution of the tartrate of tin and nitro mu-
riate of potash. The tartrate of tin is again de-
composed l)y the cloth. The metal quits the acid
and attaches itself to the fibres of the cloth, and
in this .state possc.'sscs a strong affinity for coloring
matters, and forms with them the most permanent
and brilliant dyes.

Tan is also emjdoyed, along with other mor-
dants. It is found ill nnlgalls, oak and hemlock
barks, sumach, and in a great variety of other veg-
etables. It is tiiat part of barks, &c. which has a
strong affinity for glue, of which hides are chiefly
composed, unites with it and forms leather. It has
a .strong affinity also lor cloth and for several col-
oring matters. Silk is capable of absorbing a
very great proportion of tan, and thereby acquii-es
a great increase of weight. For tliis psrpose
alone it is sometimes employed by silk manufac-
turers. 'J'an is often employed, also, along with
other mordants, in order to produce a compound
mordant. Oil is also used for the same purpose,
in dyeing cotton and linen.

Besides these mordants there are several other
substances frequently used as auxiliaries, either to
facilitate the combination of the mordant with the
cloth or to alter the shade of color ; the chief of
these are tartar, sugar of lead, common salt, sal
ammoniac, sulphate of copi)i;r, (blue vitriol) ace-
tate of copper, &c.

Mordants not only render the dye permanent,
but have also considerable influence on the color
produced. The stmie coloring matter produces

* When common salt, vvliich is composed of muriatic
acid and soda, or sal ammoniac, composed of the same
acid and ammonia, is mixed with diluted nitric .ncid,
apart of the nitric acid seizes on the soda or ammonia
and sets at liberty a part of the muriatic acid, which
mixing with the remaining nitric acid, forms nitro muri-
atic acid, (aqua regia) which readily dissolves tin, gold,
•fee. It is more economical, however to add sulphuric
acid enough to saturate the base of the salt, which sets
all the muriatic acid at liberty, and leaves the nitric acid
ndtminished.

very difl^erent dyes, according as the mordant is
changed. Cochineal, with salts of iron, produces
black, with the salts of tin, scarlet, and with alum
crimson. In dyeing, then, it is not only necessary
to procure a mordant which has a sufficiently
strong affinity for the coloring matter and
the cloth, and the coloring matter which pos-
sesses the wished for color in perfection, but we
must ])rocure a mordant and a coloring matter
which when combined together, shall produce the
wished for color in perfection.

The colors denominated by dyers simple, be-
cause they are tlie foundation of all their other
processes, are four, viz. blue, yellow, red, and
black. A few simple directions for dyeing wool,
silk and cotton of these colors will now be given.
We write for prudent and economical housewives,
silk culturisis, and agricultural manufacturers, and
tbe nieans within the reach of such must therefore
be kept continually in view, in all the operations
recommended.

BLUE.

Indigo is the only substance that can be econom-
ically used in families for coloring blue. The
best or purest indigo is light, easily powdered,
tasteless, almost destitute of smell, and breaks
smootldy, that is with smooth surfaces. Some
will float on water, and this is generally the purest.
The color of indigo also varies. There is the
blue, the violet, and copper colored. Although
these may all contain nearly the same quantity of
coloring matter, yet they arc difterently valued,
the blue selling 20 per cent higher than the violet,
and from 40 to 80 per cent more than the copper
colored. The blue is preferred by dyers for com-
bination, or solution in sulphuric acid, and the
copper colored for the indigo vat, in which it is
dissolved in a potash lye, aided by bran, madder
or other vegetable products, in a state of fermen-
tation. IJefore indigo can be applied and fi.xed
upon the fibre of cloth, it must be dissolved
in water. But it cannot be dissolved in water in
its blue state ; it must be converted to a green or
yellow color, and then it readily dissolves, is at-
tracted by tlie fibres of the cloth, becomes per-
manently combined with them, and on being ex-
posed to the air becomes again blue. In the so-
lution of the indigo, therefore, consists the whole
art of coloring blue. The following are among
the most easy and simple methods of dissolving
indigo, or, in other words, forming a blue dye.

FIRST METHOD.

Take indigo, well powdered, one ounce; quick
lime, one ounce ; pota.sh two ounces : copperas,
two ounces ; mohisses half a pint ; warm water,
one gallon — mix, and stir occasionally, keeping
the vessel, of copper, iron, or earthen, well cov-
ered and in a warm place. The liquor will soon
become green, covered with a copper colored or
blue scum. In twentyfour hours it will be fit for
use. Immerse the stufl'to lie colored for a long-
er or shorter time, according to the shade required.
The strength of the color may also be varied by
using a greater or less quantity of water. A very
little practice will enable any one to give wool,
silk, or cotton, properly prcjiared, with this dye a
beautiful and permanent blue, of any shade they
may choose.

SECO.ND METHOD SAXON BLUE.

In this method, the indigo is dissolved by the
aid of sulphuric acid, without losing its blue coloj-

but undergoes a change which renders it less per-
manent, and is therefore not much used except for
articles not very durable, or when a deep unfading
tint is not considered of much importance. This
preparation is kept in the shops, under the name
of Liquid Blue or Chemical Blue, and is much
used for blueing white cotton and linen garments,
from which it is readily washed out, even in cold
water. It is also extensively used in coloring
greens, giving with yellow, a more brilliant color
than the blue obtained by the first method. On
wool and silk it is much more durable, thati on
cotton, and on articles which do not require fre-
quent washing may be often used advantageously
as a blue dye. It is prepared as follows :

Take indigo, well powdered, one ounce; sul-
phuric acid, four ounces — mix it in a glass or
stone ware vessel, and let it stand twentyfour
hours, stirring it occasionally — then add one
ounce of dried potash. Let it stand twentyfour
hours longer, add half a pint of water, and bottle
it up for use.

Mix a wine glass full of this liquid in a pail of
boiling water, and dip the stuffs till they sicquire
the color desired. More of the liquid must be
added when the water becomes nearly clear before
the stuffs have acquired a color sufficiently deep.

YELLOW.

There are a great number of imported and na-
tive plants, roots and bai-ks, that by the aid of the
iiionlants alum and tin, dye yellow. *But the
very best of all these, viz. the yellow oak bark, or
quercitron bark, as it has been named in England,
being very plenty in this country, it seems alto-
gether unnecessary even to mention any other.

To dye ten pounds weight of cloth, or woolen
stuffs, of the highest and most beautiful orange
yellow, 1 lb. of quercitron bark, and the same
weight of murio sulphate of tin, will be requir-
ed ; * the bark powdered and tied up in a bag of
thin cotton or linen cloth, may be first put into a
dyeing vessel, which of course must be brass,
copper, glass or earthen, with hot water, for the
space of six or eight minutes ; then the inurio-
sulphate of tin may added, and the mixture well
stirred two or three minutes. The cloth, previous-
ly wet thoroughly with warm water, may be pu.t
in and turned briskly a few minutes; the color
applies itself in this way so equally to the cloth,
and so quickly that after the liquor begins to boil
the highest yellow may be produced in less than
fifteen minutes, without any danger of its proving
uneven. \

With a bright golden yellow, approaching less

* Murio-sulphate of tin. This preparation differs
somewhat from the muriate of tin, or nilro-muriate of
tin, the method of preparing which is given in a pre-
ceding part of this essay. It is prepared as follows:
Take six ounces of muriatic acid, and pour it upon about
the same weight of tin, granulated as above directed, in a
glass vessel. Then pour slowly upon the same four
ounces of sulphuric acid, and let it stand in a warm place
till the acids saturate themselves with tin, that is, till they
will dissolve no more, which will be soon effected, if
Ileal be applied, and gradually withoat being heated.

t Should a deeper orange tint be desirable, add to the
quercitron bark a little madder, perhaps an ounce or less
to the pound of bark, according to the color desired.
This will greatly increase the beauty of the color, when
exiimined by cnsdle-light.

vol.. XIII. NO. 46.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

365

to the orange, is wanted, four ounces of the murio-
sulphate of tin, and two ounces of alum, and one
pound of bark, managed in the same manner as
above directed. Pure briglit yellows, of less body
may be colored by employing smaller portions of
the articles above mentioned.

A good yellow may also be produced by boiling
the cloth for one hour in a seventh of its weight
of alum dissolved in a suitable quantity of water,
and then, without being rinsed, put it into a dye-
ing vessel with clean hot water, and about as
much quercitron bark tied up in a bag, as was
used of alum. Boil and turn it as usual, until it
takes sufficient color, then dip it in warm lime
water for ten minutes, and rinse it innnediately
afterwards. Tin, however dissolved, when used
in coloring wool or silk, renders the fibres a little
harsh, but this may be in a great measure obviated
by employing the murio sulphate of tin with a
mixture of alum, or alum and tartar, and com-
bining these with the coloring particles of the
bark before they are applied to the stuff's.

In dyeing silks, more alum and less tin should
be used than is directed for woolens, because tin,
unless used sparingly, always diminishes the
glossiness of the silk.

To produce a lively yellow on silks, it will be
sufficient to boil after the rate of four ounces of
bark, three ounces of alum, and two ounces of
the murio suli)hate of tin, with a suitable quanti-
ty of water, for ten or fifteen minutes, and the
heat of the liquor being reduced so that the hand
can bear it, the silk is to be put in and dyed, as
usual, taking care to agitate the liquor continually
that the coloring matter may not subside, until it
has acquired the proper shade. By adding very
small proportions of cochineal to the bark, the
color may be raised to a beautiful orange,
or even aurora. A similar effect, though less
brilliant and beautiful, is produced by adding
madder to the quercitron.

[To be continued.]

The two following articles are from a commu-
uicatiou read before the New York Agricultural
Society at its last meeting, by H. Hickcock, Esq.

DESTRUCTION OP AVF.EDS.

The spirits of turpentine I have found a subtle
poison to all plants experimented upon, and among
others, I have applied it to milkweed, burdock,
and Canada thistle; a teaspoonful dropped on the
stem will run down and destroy it to the ground,
and if the root is not, on the first trial, destroyed,
a repetition will be sufficient. This remedy may
be of particular use where weeds start up from
under stone walls or other inaccessible places.

Johnswort is regarded by many farmers as
more noxious than the Canada thistle. It fre-
quently usurps whole fields to the exclusion of all
the valuable grasses. On some spots of land
covered with this weed I spread gypsum, at the
rate of three bushels an acre, and had the satis-
faction to find that the spots were soon covered
with a thick mat of white cbvcr and other grass-
es ; while the Johnswort was fast running out.
It is quite possible that a less quantity of gypsum
per acre might answer a similar purpose.

COMPOST.

There are two ways of making a compost, or
mixture of earth with manure. Agreeably to one
method, a mound is formed in the barn yard or

near it, consisting of alternate beds of manure
and earth : when the manure has fermented, the
mass is turned over with the spade and partially
mixed. After a renewal and subsidence of fer-
mentation, the materials are again turned over
with a spade and more thoroughly blended to-
gether. The compost is then drawn out and
spread on the field.

The other way of mixing earth with manure,
is much less laborious and expensive, and is
thought to be, in nuiny respects, more advanta-
geous. The method is tliis. In the spring of the
year, draw out all the manure, including straw,
cornstalks, cobs and all other coarse materials
fit for the purpose, into the field ; spread it, and
turn the whole under the soil, from six to twelve
inches deep, with the plough. In order to have
the work well done, one or more persons must
follow the plough, and with a rake, or hoe or fork,
place the coarse manure in the bottom of the
furrow.

When the manure is not spread over the whole
of the field, as in common cases, and the coarse
materials cover a still less portion of it, one per-
son is sufficient to follow the plough. But when
a lot is entirely covered with coarse manure, two
followers will be required, and even three if the
business is not properly arranged. The follow-
ing regulation will save the labor of one hand,
by rendering unnecessary the passing and repassing
of the rakers, which the method suggested by our
first thoughts, would require. The first raker
must set in after the plough, and continue his
course ; when the plough has performed one
bout, the second raker begins his course. The
first raker upon completing his round will stop:
for he will find the furrow here filled with ma-
nure by his companion ; but his stop will not be
long, for the team will be close upon him, barely
allowing him to step aside and permit it to pass ;
when he again sets in with his rake, or hoe -or
fork. In this way the business will be conducted
with great regularity and to the best advantage.

When the manure has been thus buried under
ground, it is usual to plant corn in the field, that
plants may be present to partake of the food
which the manure furnishes during its decompo-
sition, and also, to keep the field constantly pro-
ducing valuable crops. In the autumn after the
corn is gathered, the soil is turned over with the
plough, and with the assistance of the harrow,
the decomposed manure and the soil are well
mixed together. The compost is now perfected
and the field is in a state of preparation for win-
ter grain.

To this method it has been objected, that
the gases, which first escape during the fermen-
tation of manure, are poisonous to plants, and that
their disengagement should be eflfected, in places
where they could not exert their efforts injurious-
ly. The resulls of several experiments which I
have made, would appear to speak a different lan-
guage ironi this.

I excavated a spot in my garden about a foot
deep, and filled it half lull with clean wheat straw;
over this was thrown the soil which had been dis-
placed, and melon seeds were planted. The fruit
was the largest and best I had ever raisecL Upon
examination, I fouud that the straw had undergone
a thorough deconjposition.

Another spot in the garden I trenched, to the
depth of two feet, and deposited in it manure
from the horse stable six inches deep, and then

filled the trench with the soil which had been
thrown out. On this bed were sown parsnip
seed ; when the roots had attained the size of a
goose quill, I dug some of them uji. The roots
had pass<'d straight down to the manure, and at
this depth, which was eighteen inches, they were
of two thirds of their size at the surface; the
roots when dug up for the table, were rather long
than large, and they were excellent.

I excavated another spot in my garden, three
feet in diameter and a foot deep, and threw in
fresh manure from the horse stable, without any
admixture of straw, to the dejith of six inches,
after it was pressed down. In the centre of the
manure I placed a stake two inches in diameter,
and completed the filling up with damp clay, well
statnped down with a spade. The stake was
then withdrawn, and the hole, having the capacity
of about a pint, was filled with garden mould: in
this were planted two kinds of corn. The stalks
of these plants were not large ; but from the first,
they preserved a healthy color, and each one pro-
duced a fair ear. The particulars of this experi-
ment were so arranged as to cause the gases evol-
ved from the manure, to act with the greatest
force on the tender roots of the corn plants as
they became developed ; and when we consider
the effects of the extreme drought which prevailed
last summer, and that the roots of these plants
were confined to about a pint of ferfile earth, it is
reasonable to suppose that the manure supplied
them with wholesome nourishment rather than
concentrated poison. If coarse manure be but
thinly covered over with earth, the soil will be too
puffy and dry to produce healthy plants; but I
can assert from repeated observations, that the
hottest kinds of manure, bin-ied a few inches deep,
warm the soil, and give additional vigor to vege-
tation as well in the gardens as in the fields.

Orchards on Rocky Farms. — The farm on
which I now am has no orchard, either of apple
or peach. A considerable part is rocky. Instead
of setting out my fruit trees in a regular orchard,
it is my intention to place them in various parts
of the farm, where they will occupy comparative-
ly no portion of the productive ground. In some
fields there are rocky places, which cannot be
ploughed, but which will grow three or four trees.
Often a detached large rock occurs, on the south
side of which I shall place a fruit tree, the shar^e
of which will be principally on the rock. I find
that I can set out several hundiHsd froit trees with-
out encroaching on my tillable land one-fifth of an
acre. There are advantages and disadvantages
attending this method. The saving of the ground
I conceive to be of very considerable importance,
particularly where it is valuable. Standing singly
or in small clusters, the fruit will receive more
light and sun, and consequently ripen better. The
trees having many different exjxisures, there will
seldom be a general failure of fruit. It gives
more varied interest to a farm, and is, perhaps,
more picturesque. For some rocky farms this
method is better adapted than others, especially for
tliose that may be divided into smaller farms. The
disadvantages are, that live stock cannot be so
conveniently kept from the fruit, and that it is more
inconvenient to gather the fruit. If any of the
readers of the Farmer know of other disadvanta-
ges, I should be pleased to know them through its
columns before the time to set them out. — TV*. Y.
Farmer.

366

NEWENGLAND FARMER,

MAYar, 1835.

WtmW l2SfKS5£>-£s.^2S' SJ^mSSSaSJBa

ItO^TON, \V3DN15SDAV EVENING, MAY 27, 1835.

PARMER'S 1VORK FOR MAT.

[Concluded from page 358.]
Felling Trees, Moon's Influence, &c. — In our last,
under tlie above head, we gave the opinions, and usa-
ges of several writers on agricultural topics, as well as
of practical dealers and workmen in timber-implements
4&C., in favor of cutting timber, in which durability is a
prime object in May or June, or at a lime when the sap
is flowing with the most freedom. We now will give
some authorities in favor of cutting timber in February,
with reference to its strength and duration.

The venerable Samuel Preslon ol Stockport, Pennsyl-
vania, in a communication for the New England Farmer
published, vol. i. p. 3UC, states some anecdotes relative to
a very worthy and respectable character of his acquain-
tance," whose name was Alexander Brown. He was
more curious, pariicuUir and exact in everything he did,
or had done, than any other man. It gave rise to a say-
ing more nice than wise, like Alexander Brown." • " •

" He used to say that the nerves and strength of old
trees like those of old men, began to fail many years
before they died: and that for his buildin-is and fences,
he only look such limber, as he termed in the vigor and
prime of life: iind all his limber for fences or other uses
he wovhl hare felled in Fchruury, when hardest frozen,
saying then thme was the least sap in the pores to corrode
and rot the wood. ♦ » *

" The next man I shall mention of great observation
and experience in the strength and durability of timber
is Thomas Ellicott, noted as the most ingenious mill-
wright of his lime. With him I was intimately acquain-
ted ; he followed building and repairing mills and wag-
ons on a large scale, successively for forty years. I have
felled timber for his ]]urposes. As to the proper season,
he was a disciple of Alexander Brown. White oak
timber, for wagons or mills was all felled in Fehrusry,
when hardest frozen. His rule to select the hardest and
solidi St wood was to cut into the trees, and take those of
the largest growth. If by culling in the growths near
the bark were smaller than the others he considered the
wood declining, and rejected such trees. He never used
more than about twelve feel of the butt for wagon
wheels ; then generally came a saw log for mill works.
His better mode for seasoning his timber for the most
slrongdurahle work, was, at first soak it three months in
a pond of water to take out the sap, and prevent what
they call ' powder posting,' or being eaten with small
worms. Such was the pradice of Thomas Ellicott,
founded on accurate oh-^ervation and extensive experi-
ence. He never would cut timber fur his business only
when hardest frozen in the winter, except small tough
white ash, for cradle fingers. He found by experience
that kind of icood temiicied b si for that purpose if cut
down irhenfull of sop and the barkloose.^'

This F.llicott, the millwright mentioned by Mr Preston
as authority for cutting limber in February, is doubtless
the same Ellicot, quoK d by Col. Pickering, as having
direclcd ihat hickory limber intended for the cogs of
wheels should be cut when the when the sap was run-
vim'. * But still his direction-! or pracliccB are not in-
consi.stent. The substance of his advice is, either cut
ifour timber when there is least sap in it, which happens
in Fehruary, or cut your timber when full of sap in May
or June, rohen the sap is most easily erpeUed, in conse-
quence of the sap vessels or pores nf the tree being open.
In the firmer case iho enemy is not in force in the
castle, and in the latter rase he muslers strong within the

• Sec current vulume of N. K. l-armcr, p. 358.

walls, but the gates are open and the foe is ready and
willing to walk out. If you can peel or thoroughly sea-
son your timber before using it, June is the time to cut it .
But if it must remain for a considerable time with the
bark on, and the sap vessels as it were, hermetically seal-
d, cut it when frozen hardest. We might close here,
but the importance of the subject must be our apology
for a few more observations.

A writer for the American Farmer, who appears to be
an advocate for cutting timber in June says :

" A large beech tree may I e girdled in the month of
February, and one of the same character in every res-
pect in the following May, the latter will rot two years
sooner than the former ; and so it would be of two trees
felled at the same periods, and left M)i7/i Me bark on; but
if made into rdiils, the bark taken q^, or for other purposes
the latter would be much the most durable.*

But we have an advocate for still a ditferent time for
felling timber. Mr Phineas Slevens of Andover, Mass.
observes that " September is the best time, although I be-
lieve that if the bark of timber trees could be taken off
in June, without felling the tree, or injury to the wood,
and then let it stand till September, the timber would be
stronger and more durable.! Another very sensible
writer with the signature " D." [New England Farmer
vol. viii. p. 85,] at the close of a disertation entitled
" Proper season for cutting timber' observes, " we may
come to the conclusion if the premises be correct that
green timber, put inio the ground will soon decay, and
tl at timber cut in summer, and immediately divested of
its bark, or otherwise having its surface of naked wood
exposed to the air, will remain sound a long series of
years, and become as ' hard as horn,' or if it bo cut in
winter, to soak it in water for some days, and as soon as
the season will admit, to strip off the bark, that probably
with this process, but little advantage or disadvantage
will be derived by cutting timber at any particular season
of iheyear; but that very much must depend on the
manner of preserving it afterwards. "

There is another class of economists who recommend
cutting trees in the winter, before the frost is out of
lliem, letting them remain until spring at full length,
that the bark may be the more easily peeled off, which all
agree is of prime consequence. But if trees are intended
for rails, we cannot perceive why It may not be as we
to cut and split fencing limber of suitable lengths and
sizes in winter and take the bark from the rails as soon
as it can be peeled in the spiing. Others advise to cut
timber late in the spring after the sap has evaporated or
has been elaborated into leaves, sap wood, &c. In fact
the question in some of its bearings and points is not yet
settled.

With regard to the mailer of the moon's influence on
timber, &,c., we have repeatedly professed our incre-
dulity. We must confess, however, that Mr Walker's
statements of facts which have fallen under his partic-
ular notice} have somewhat staggered our faith, or rather
our want of faith in the nuxm's agency in some things
which seem somewhat out of her line, if not her sphere of
action. Perhaps her invisible fingers have meddled with
more things than our "philosophy ever dreamptof."
We lately lighted on the fiillowing passages from Mar-
tin's History of the British Colonies. "The Wallaba
(resinous tree common in the Demarara woods) if cut
down in the dark, a few days before the new moon, is one
of the most dur:ible woods in the world for house build-
ing, posts, &c. ; in that slate attempt to split it, and with
the ulinost difliculty it would be riven in the mostj:igged
unequal manner that can be imagined ; cutd<iwn anotli-
er wallaba (that grew within a few yards of the former;

♦ N. E. F. vol. V. p. *347. t'b. vol. ii. p. 371/. } lb- V. liii. p. 337.

alfull moon, and the tree can easily be split into the
finest smooth shingles of any desired thickness, or into
staves for making casks ; but in this state applied to
house-building purposes, it speedily decays. Again,
bamboos, as thick as a man's arm, ate sometimes used
for paling, &c. ; if cut in the dark of the moon they
will invariably endure for ten or twelve years; if at full
moon, they will be rotten in two or three years, thus it
is with most if not all the forest trees.

" Of the eft'ects of the moon on animal life very many
instances could be ciled. I have seen in Africa, newly
littered young perish in a few hours, at the mother's
side, if exposed to the rays of the full moon; fish be-
comes rapidly putrid, and meat if left exposed, incurable
or unpreservable^hy salt; the mariner heedlessly sleep-
ing on deck, becoming afflicted with nyctolopia or night
blindness, at times the face hideously swollen if exposed
during sleep to the moon's rays ; the maniac's paroxysms
renewed with fearful vigor at the full and change, and
the cold damp chill of the ague supervening on the as-
cendency of this apparently mild yet powerful luminary.
Let Jier influence over this earth be studied; it is more
powerful than is generally known."

Daniel Staples of Livermorc, Me., slates that timber
cut in the wane of the moon will be much more durable
than it would be if cut between the new and full moon.
Her operations are so great and so different in the various
parts of her orbit, that by cutting one tree three hours
before the new moon, and another of thesame kind six
hours afterwards, and preserving them one year, a strik-
ing difference in the soundness of them will be discov-
ered," &-c. Further experiiiients and accurate notes of
their results, on this subject are very desirable.

RcFFis's Essay on Calcareous Manures. — We
have rcceiNcd from tiie auiiior, an excellent work, with
iheahcve title, which w& consider a valuable addition to
the science of Agriculture, and of great importance to
ihe practical cultivator. The treatise deserves an ex-
tended and elaborale notice, which we intend to bestow
as soon as room and leisure will permit.

JIASSACHUSETTS HORTICVLTURAI, SOCIETT.

TLOWERS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, May If;, 1835.
By a lady of Roxbury, presented by Deacon William
Davis. — Iris, Primroses, Koses, Tulips, Hyacinths and
Cariialions equal to any ever exhibited at the Society's
Rooms.

Tim committee were much gratified to see such fine
specimens, and were more pailicularly pleased on learn-
ing that their exhibition was from a gentleman, who has
for many 3'ears evinced so fine a taste and excellent judg-
ment, both as an amaleur and connoisseur in floriculture.
For the Committee,

JoNA WiNSHfp, Chairman.

FLOWERS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, May 23.
M. P. Wilder, Dorchester. — A beautiful double flower-
ing hybrid, Eschscholtzia Californica.

Hovey &Co.,Cambridgeport. — Fine specimens Hya-
cinths, Crimson Nasturtium, double annual Chrysanthe-
mums, seedling Polyanthus, &c.

Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard. — Fine speci-
mensofPyrus Japonica ; a variety of Tulips; Gerani-
ums; Roses; Pariheiiium ; Antirrhinum, &c. &c.
For the Committee,

Jon A. WiNSHip, Chairman.

Mr Fessenden— I noticed one or two niiatakesin my communi-
calion ill llic l.isl I'arnicr whir.h pcrllaps it luay be well to rectify.

In Ille2d column, it ^-Iiould read, sevenlyfive pounds of dry well
rincnt'd ears eslinialed to make a bushel of siu-lled corn; instead
of" seventy pi'Ur;ds," &lc. In lite table the product of Uow No. 17,
should be 3S bushels 18 pounds ; instead of " 35 bushels 18 pounds,'
and in the 3d column-' Row No. 17 gave a prortocteqiial to2-2 bus.
Sli pounds per acre more than How No. 3" should read. Row No.
3 gave .1 product equal to 22 busl'e Is 56 pounds per acre more tlian
Uow No. 17.

Re. 'erffully }'0urp, tViiLiAM Clafk, jr.

We hope our readers, wh" keep files of the N. E. Farmer, will
with the pen cotrtct tlio above specilieil errata.— £i/iii)r.

VOL. Xin. NO. 4fi.

AND G A R D ; ', x\ E R ' S JOURNAL.

367

PROSPECTUS.

Fessenden's Practical Farmer and Silk Manual, devoted
to Agriculture, Rural Economy and the Culture of
Silk. Published monthly at fifty cents per annum.

This is the title, and tlicse the conditions of a
work intended to ernbraoe the subjects of Agri-
CDLTURE and Silk Culture. It will contain,
chiefly, articles on Practical Farming and Rural
Economy, selected from the Weekly New Eng-
land Farmer, and therefore intended for those
who are not subscribers for that work.

We hope and l|plieve that tlie culture of Silk,
in some, if not in all its branches will, eventually
become the employment of a portion of the family
of every farmer ; and not only be made a source
of considerable profit to the individuals engaged
in this fine art but a great national benefit'; not
only save millions to the United States now sent
out of the co«ntry for the importation of this
useful as well as elegant article, but become a
source of national income by its exportations.
There is a certainty of a sale for this article, as
the wants and the wishes of the wearers and
consumers will increase with the copiousness and
facilities of the supplies. The amount now con-
sumed in the country may be in some degree
estimated by reference to the value of the raw
Silk now imported, which as it appears by olBcial
documents, exceeds ten millions of dollars,
annually.

In connexion with subjects relating to Agriculture
the Practical Farmer will contain the experiments
and opinions of cultivators engaged in the grow-
ing of Mulberry trees, as well us the manufacture
of Silk; avoiding such theories and speculations
as might probably mislead, or be misunderstood
by those who are practically concerned in Silk
manufacture. And we would respectfully solicit
communications from those who are or may be
engaged in silk culture, to enrich the pages of our
Silk Manual.

Postmasters and others who may be disposed
to assist us in obtaining subscribers, will please to
retain 10 per cent of the money which they may
receive for subscriptions ; and the aid of all who
are friendly to the objects of our periodical is
respectfully solicited.

GEORGE C. BARRETT, Publisher.

DISHLEY SHEEP.

For sale, 15 ewes and 2 ewe lambs, i rams and 3 ram lambs.
The old ones were expressly procuied for (lie subscriber by K.
G. Newmaroh, Esq. of Newcaslle-upon-Tyne, and were ob-
tained from the flocks of Mr 1. Bates and Mi Robert Curry
celebrated breeders in Northumberland, Eng. They have
been kept entirely separate from any other sheep, and war-
ranted pure blood. ENOCH SILSIiY,

may 27 5t West liradford, Ms.

FRESH ■\VHITE BIUL.BERRY SEED.

Just received at the New England Seed Store, 51 i^- 52
North Market street,

A quantity of fresh aud^s^cnuine White .Mulberry-seed, from
one of the ^^realesl Mulberry Orchards in Connecticut, warrant-
ed new and ^ood, directions accompanying each package.

Dec, 13, 1S34. GEO. C. BARRETT.

SILK COCOOIVS ■WANTED.

The subscriber, encouraged by the late act of the Legishv
ture to reel and throw American Silk, wishes to purchase at
the Agricultural Warehouse in Boston, Silk Cocoons, and will
pay S3 p€r bushel for the best, and in proportion for poorer
ones. [m6] G. C. .SARREIT.

TO L,ET,

On a lease of five or more years, as may be agreed upon, a
Farm, containing one hundred acres of Land, suitable for a
Dairy, with dwelling house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
site, a good orchard, and well watered. The situation is two
miles from the city of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden
For further particulars address (post paid) to No. 263, box
post office. New Haven. Feb. '23.

SGIED CHEN iXGO POTATOES.

50<)ba<iicls superior quahiy lo; planting, Ij-om Penobscot
river.for sale by G. CUR IIS, No. lOi Faenuil Hall Market,
may 20.

I^IGHTNING CONDUCTORS.

Dr King informs his friends and the public tha- he contin-
ues to prepare and affix to buildings his improved Lightning
Conductors. They are approved liy all practical and well
informed Electricians, in alibrding uperior protection against
Lightning to the o.d form. Gentlemen in want of Lightning
Conductors are invited lo call at his rooms. No. 51 (jornhill,
Boston, where they may be satisfied of the superior efiVcts of
his Rods, by illustration — where also may be had, Plate and
Cylinder Electrical Machines, Galvanic Batteries and tlieir
apparatus— all warranted of the best workmanship and supe
rior power. Prices reasonable, for cash or approved credit.

may 20.

HOL.L,IS' CELEBRATED HORSE fLINIMENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind-Galls, Old Strains, Stiff

joints, Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are

strained in the buck sinews, wrung in tlie withers, if-c. ; also

for Glandular swellings of the throat.

The ingredients which compose this preparation have been
carefully selected after many years' experience, and are some
of the most successful remedies united, correctly proportioned
and happily adapted to afi'ord relief in all the above mentioned
complaints; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article is used, it will be preferred lo any other, as it is decid-
edly ihe best and certainly the most convenient article in tse.

N. B. Persons aiHicled with Rheumatism, Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Stiflhess, or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

O" The Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o29

VALUABLE 'WORK ON AGRICULTURE.

This Day published by Gfo. C. Barrett, THE CO.\J-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T.

G. Fessenden. Second edition; rem'spii an^ improved by the
Author, with considerable additions.

The first ed'tion w as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent for a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendations to public patronage, and caiiiiot fail to prove still
more useful to tlie community of cultivators.

This work has met with decided and universal approbation
from the most competent judges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
Lowell and Rev. Henry Colm.4n. The Editors of the
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the Maine
Farmer, Loudon^s Gardener's Magazine, t^'C. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to publish
those of the other gentlemen who have honored the work with
their approbation.

"Roxbury, April 6, 1835.

" Having perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq. in its first
edition, and having recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory to a second edition, 1 am of opinion thai it is a valuable
compendium and useful woik. Those who know that the sci-
et.ce of Agriculture is so extensive as to fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such an a-
bridgcment full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But I know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more instruction in so small
a compass than this work of Mr Fessenden.

mfi John Lowell."

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

For sale at this office, one complete set of the New England
Farmer, comprising twelve volumes, neatly a; d well bound,
and perfect. Price g3 23 per volume, cash. Feb. 18.

FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

An excellent Farm containing 70 acres, situated in Marlbo
rough. l\Iass., with a house and bsrn thereon, for sale, or would
be exchanged for property in the city of Boston. For terms
and pariiculars inquire of G. C. BARRETT at this office, or
N. B. PROCTOR, Esq, of said Marlborough. 6in.

AGENCV IN CONCORD, N. H.

Willia:*! Kent has accepted the agency of the New Eng-
land Seed Establishment, and has received a full assortment of
Garden and Flower Seeds neatly papered up, with direc-
tions for cuiiivating, &.c. on eacli paper. These Seeds are
warranted, being raised in gardens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. March 24, IS.IS.

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines
for sale by Jonathan Boyce, Market Street, Lynn,
march 25. 4t

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

muu

TO

.Apples,

barrel

3 00

3 50

Beans, white, . . , , ,

bushel

2 7

2 50

Beef, mess, (new) ,

barrel

13 0

1+00

Cargo, No. 1.

"

12 50

prune, ....

"

850

90O

Beeswax, (American) ,

pound

20

24

Butter inspected, No. 1, .

"

Cheese, new milk, . . ' .

"

8

9

Skimmed milk.

ti

3i

6

Feathers, nortliern, geese.

'<

4<3

43

southern, geese.

• 1

35

39

Flax, American, ....

(1

10

U*

Flaxseed, . .

bushel

1 25

1 30

Flour, Genesee, .. . eash .

barrel

0 87

700

Baltimore, Howard street.

'*

G7o

700

Baltimore, wharf.

"

6 50

6 73

Alexandria,

li

Grain, Corn, northern yellow .

busbe)

90

95

southern yellow

"

hi

88

white,

it

81

90

Rye, northern,

"

85

85

Barley, ....

/I

75

80

Oats, nor hejn, . (prime)

It

52

55

Hay, best English, ....

ton

20 00

22 .W

eastern screwed, .

"

15 00

16 00

hard pressed, ....

"

17 0<J

18 00

HONEV,

gallon

37

42

Hops, 1st quality

pound

13

14

2d quahiy ....

Lard, Boston, Lit sort, .

"

11

12

southern, 1st sort, . , '

''

Leather, slaughter, sole, . .

i(

19

20

do. upper,

IC

12

14

dry hide, sole.

'f

16

18

do. upper. .

<(

18

20

Philadelphia, sole. .

"

27

29

Baltimore, sole, .

ti

25

27

Lime, best sort, ....

cask

1 00

110

Pork, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .

barrel

22 00

22 50

Navy, mess

"

16 00

17 00

bone, middlings.

ti

8

830

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

bushel

225

250

Red Top,

If

77

100

Red Clover, northern,

pound

8

9

White Dutch Honeysuckle, .

25

30

Tallow, tried

cwt.

7 50

800

Wool, prime, or Saxonj' Fleeces, .

])nund

70

85

American, full blood, washed,

'1

60

65

do. 3-4-ths do.

tt

53

CO

do. 1.2 do.

It

45

50

do. 1-4 and common

tt

40

45

Native washed

tt

38

60

J. f Pulled superfine.

tt

fiO

6S

£— ■ 1st Lambs, .
■S^-iSd do. . .

tt

45

50

"

30

33

o i. 3d do,
^ [ 1st Spinning, .

ti

25

30

it

33

40

Southern pulled wool is generally 5 els.

less per lb.

PROVISION MARKET.

Hams, northern,
souihern,
Pork, whole hogs,
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) .

lump
Eggs,
Cot A TOES,

PiDKK,

RETAIL PEICES.

pound

12

'•

7i

6

ti

10

tt

20

tt

22

dozen

IR

bushel

511

barrel

3 00

13
8

7
14
22
24
17
55
3 50

NANKIN & CANTON STRAW CARPETING,

Eliab Stone Brewer, No. 414 W.-ishington street, has
constantly on hand a large assortment of Straw Carpeting, of
various qualities and widths, among which arc —
2500 yards superfine Nankin. 6-4
2000 do. do. do. 3-4

3500 do. Canton do. 6-1
4500 do. do. do. 5-1.

lease German Table Mats, a new and superfine
article. April 1.

MORUS MULTICAULIS.

Trees of the above new variety of the Mulberry for sale by
the subscriber at giO per hundred, g5 per dozen, and 50 els.
each, being about six feet high. Orders solicited.

Feb. 18. GEO. C. BARRETT.

MULBERRTAND SILK.

COBB'S Treatise on the Cultivation of the .Mulberry, and
upon Silk, being an improved edition. For sale at Ihe office
of the N. E. Farmer. i?rice 30 cenis.

Jan. 2L GEO. C. BARRETT.

368

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

MAY ar, 1835.

Ea5?g©I§S.Si^SS'"S'a

iFroin the New Monthly Magazine.]
THE DEAD FATHER.
Coine hither, child, and kneel
In prayer, above thy father's lifeless form —
He lovfd thee well in sunshine and in storm,

Through days of wo and weal ;
His blessings on thy head no more are given,
As once they came like gentle dews of Heaven.

Look on that pallid face !
Its wonted smiles are calmly resting there.
Unbroken by the deep drawn lines of care;

Sorrow hath left no trace
Of furrowed bitterness upon the meek
And still expression of that blanched cheek.

Thou scarce canst ftcl thy loss,
Or know the chilling cares that have begun.
To shadow thy bright pathway, gentle one !

Many a withering cross
May in thy guileless bosom plant ils sting,
And to thy hopes a poisoned chalice bring.

How sad the fireside hearth !
His manly form shall never — never more
Daiken the threshold of our cottage door;

Nor the full sound of mirth
Go up in gladness to the whited wall ;
For death has entered with his funeral pall.

A chair is vacant now !
A cheerful eye and a contented face
Have left, for aye, their wonted dwelling place;

And we must bow !
A blessing's gone ! a noble form is riven.
To darken this cold Earth and gladden Heaven.

No fiumer should allow the reproach of neg-
lectiug education to lie against himself or fam-
ily ; if knowledge is power, the beginning of
it should be early and deeply laid in the district
school.

A farmer should never use ardent spirit as a
drink ; if, while undergoing severe fatigue, and
the hard labors of the summer, he woidd enjoy
robust health, let him be temperate in all things.

A farmer should never refuse a fair price for
anything he wishes to sell; we have known a
man who had several bushels of wheat to dis-
pose of, refuse Ss. because he wanted 8s. 6d. and
after keeping his wheat si.x months, was glad to
get 6s. 6d. for it.

A farmer should never allow his wood -house
to be emptied of wood during the summer
months ; if he does, when winter comes, in ad-
dition to cold fingers, he must expect to encoun-
ter the chilling looks of his wife, and perhaps
be compelled, in a series of lectures, to learn that
the man who burns green wood has not mastered
the A B C of domestic economy.

A farmer should never allow his window to
be filled with red cloaks, tattered coats, and old
hats ; if he does he will most assuredly acquire
the reputation of a man who tarries long at the
whiskey, leaving his wife and children to freeze
or starve at home.

There are three things of which the man who
aims at the character of a prosperous farmer
will never be niggardly — manure, tillage, and
seed: and there are three things of which he
will never be too liberal — promise, time, and
credit.

SILVER FIRS, <fcc.

WiLT.iAM Mann of Hangor, Me. will execute at short no-
tice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, ^•c. vvell packed and
in good order. ap"! 8.

TREES FOR SAL,E,

At W. Buckminster's Nursery, Framingham : — Apple
trees, Cherry trees, Tear trees, Peaih trees, Kock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, at cus-

tomary prices.

march 4.

4000 APPI.E TREES

For sale by the subscriber, at Fresh Pond, in Cambridge,
consisting of Baldwins, Russetls, Porters, Rivers, Siberian
Crabs, and Blue Pearmains. The tre« are four years from
the bud and are probably the best in IVfassachusells.

JONAS WYETH.

Cambridge. April 8.

GREEN HOUSE GI.ASS,

Of superior thickness with everv quality of M'lndoia Glass
for sale by LORL^G Sj- KUPFER, INo. lO Merchants' Row.
Jan. '23. 2mis.

PliEASANT AKDj VAIiUABIiE RESIDENCE FOR
SAL.E.

Situated in Dorchester on Ibe Brushhill turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing IG acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre conlaining valuable fruits
&c. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulars inquire of Messrs LOT
WHEELRIGHT Sf SON, 46 Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this olfice, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises.

THINGS A FARMER SHOULD NOT DO.

A farmer slioiild never tindertake to cultivate
more land than he can do thoroughly; half tilled
land is growing poorer — well tilled land is con-
stantly improving.

A fartner should never keep more cattle,
horses, sheep, or hogs, than he can keep in good
order: an animal in high order the first of De-
cember, is already half wintered.

A farmer should never depend on his neigh-
bor for what he can by ctire and good manage-
ment, prodticc on his own farm ; he shotild
never beg fruit while he can plant trees, or bor-
row tools while he can make or buy ; a high
authority has said, the borrower is a servant to
the lender.

The farmer .should never be so immersed in
political matters, as to forget to sow his wheat,
dig his potatoes, and bank tip his cellar ; nor
should he be so inattentive to them as to remain
ignorant of those great questions of national and
state policy which will always agitate more or
less, a free people.

A farmer shotild shun the door of a bank as
he would an approach of the plague or cholera ;
banks are for men of speculation, and theirs is
a business with which farmers should have little
to do.

A farmer should never be ashamed of hi.s call-
ing; we know that no man can ho entirely inde-
pendent, yet the farmer should remember, that if
any one canjie said to possess that enviable dis-
tinction, he is the man.

IMPROVED SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold, a number of fine animals, from the breed of
Denton, Admiral, Wye Comet, &c. Apply to A. Grken-
vvoou,onthe Welles'farm, near Doctor Codman's ftleeling-
House, in Dorchester. feb. 23.

FLOWERS.

Says the author of Atherton, "Are not flow-
ers the stars of earth, and are not stars the flow-
ers of heaven ? Flowers are the teachers of
gentle thoughts, promoters of kindly emotion.
One cannot look closely to the structure of a
flower without loving it. They are emblems and
manifestations of God's love to the creation, and
they are the means and ministrations of man's
love to his fellow creatures; for they first awaken
in the mind a sense of the beautiful and good ; but
on its undivided beauty, and on the glorious in-
tensity of its full strength, man cannot gaze : he
can comprehend it best when prismatically sepa-
rated and dispersed in the many colored beauty of
flowers ; and thus he reads the elements of beauty,
the alphabet of visible gracefulness. The very
inutility of flowers is their excellence and beauty ;
for, having a delightfulness in their very form and
color, they lead us to thoughts of generosity and
moral beauty, detached from and superior to all
selfishness ; so that they are pretty lessons in Na-
ture's book of instruction, teaching man that he
liveth.notby bread, or for bread alone, btit that he
hath another than an animal life." — Amulet.

WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is yvell acquainted wiih his business in al
ils branches, and who can procure good recommendations from
his last employers. Enquire at G. C. Barrett's Agricultural
Warehouse, Boston. m6.

GRAPE VINES &. PliUM TREES.

IsABicLLA and Catawba of extra size and Red and White
Chasselas Grapes, and of the foreign varieties.

;\lso Plum tiees of vigorous growth and of the most ap-
proved kinds, for sale bv SAMUEL POND, Cambridgeporl

Orders mav be left at' the N. E Farmer Office, march 18.

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

Fine, large, three years old Roots of the Dutch Asparagus
for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT. apnl 15.

PEAR STOCKS, &c.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocks; Apple Stocks;
~' ts, ana Hooey Lo-

White and Pink Flowering Horse Cbesnu
sis, for s '
April 29

cusis, for sale on very reasonable terms. Ai)ply I

GEO. C. BARRETT.

FL.OWER SEEDS.

An extensive collection ol splendid Annual, Biennial and
Perennial Flower Seeds comprising some new and choice
varieties, for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT. april 22.

TO NURSERYMEN.

The subscriber wishes to relinquish the charge of his exten-
sive Nurseries to a tenant, or share it with a competent associ-
ate. A green house is contemplated as an appendage to the
establishment. O. FISKE.

Worcester, March 16, 1835.

GROUND PIASTER,

From the Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs
each, constantly on hand and for sale by GEO. CLARK Sf
CO. No. 9, T Wharf. april 8.

THE NEAV ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at S3 per annum,
payable at the end of the year — but those who pay within
sixty days from the time of subscribing, are enlided to a de-
duc'tion of fifty cents.

[Ij° No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

AGENTS.
New York—G C. Thorborn, 67 Liberty-street.
Albany— Wm. Thorburn,347 Market-street.
Philadelphia— D. S,- C. Landbeth, 86 Chesuut-street.
flallimore-}. 1. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmer.
Cincinnati— a. C. Parkhukst,23 Lower Market-street.
Flushing, N V.— Wm. Prince i^- Sons, Prop. Lui. Bot.Gar.
Middlehury, Vt. — Wight Chapman, Merchant.
WarZ/brrf— GooiTWiN Sf Co. Booksellers.
Newlmryporl — Ebene/.er STEriMAN, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. //.—John W. Foster, Bookseller.
Woodstock, Vt.-l.A. Pratt.
/?,miror,Jlfe.—WM. Mann, Druggist.

Uaii/ajc, N. S.— P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
St. Lovis— Geo. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTI.E AND AVEEKS,

No. 8, School .Street.
OBDKBS FOR PBINTINO RECEIVED BY THE PDBLISBER.

NEW ENGL.AND FARMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehoose.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 3, 183.5.

NO. 4T.

^•®ma<gwig>i£"iff5iii^,

CATTLE SHOW,

EXHIBITION OF MANUFACTURES.

AND

PLOUGHING MATCH,

At WoiicESiEK, Miss 1835.

The Trustees of the Worcester County .Agricul-
tural Society propose to tlicir fellow citizens, a
Cattle Show, Ploughing Match, and Exhibition
of Mamifactures, at Worcester, on Wednesday,
the 1th day of October next, at 9 o'clock, A. M.,
and they have the pleasure of offering the fol-
lowing liberal pkemiu.ms.

FOR STOCK.

For the best Bui], not less than 1 year old, $12
For the next best, - . . . 3

For the next best, - - . . 6

For the best Bull Calf, from 4 to 12 months

old, ---... (-

For the next best, - - . , 4

For the next best, - . . . 2

For the best Milch Cow, not less than 4
years old, and from the stock of not less
than 5 Cows, owned and kept together
from 1st of June to the 1st of October, 15

For the next best, whether kept with others

or alone, - . . . _ -jq

For the next best, do. do. 8

For the next best, do. do'. 6

For the best 1 year old Heifer, . - 5

For the next best, - - . . 4

For the next best, - - . . 2

For the best 2 years old Heifer, - - g

For the next best, - - . . 5

For the next best, .... 3

For the best 3 years old Heifer, with or with-
out a calf, - - . . _ g
For the next best, - - - . g
For the next best, .... 4
For the best Heilfer calf, from 4 to 12 months-

o'fJ- ----.. 5

For the next best, - . . . 4

For the next best, - . . . 9

For the best pair of Working Oxen, not less
than 4 years old—regard beinL' had to the
strength, equality of match, and docility
of the cattle, as well as to their size and
appearance, - - . . . i-o

For the next best, - - - - 10

For the next best, - - - . o

For the next best, - - - . 5

For tbe best pair of 3 years old Steers,

broken to the yoke, - ... 3

J'or the next best, - - do. 6

^or the next best, . . ^^ .

Tor the best pair of 2 years old Steers,'
"or the next best, ...

•"or the next best, ...

I^or tiie best pair of yearling Steers,
' or the next best, - .

'or the best 0.x, fitted to slaughter, regird

being had to the mode and expense of
fatting, --....
For the next best, ....

For the next best, - . . .

For the best Merino Ram, regard being had

to both fleece and" size, - . .

For the best Merino Ewes, not less than 4 in

number, .....

For the next best, ....

For the best lot of mixed Merino Sheep, not
less than 5 in number, either Ewes or
Wethers, regard being had to the quality
of fleece for the grade, . . -

For the best native Ram,
For the best native Ewes, not less than 4 in

number, - . . . .

For the two best native Wethers,
For the best Ram of the Dishley breed.
For the 2 best Ewes of the Dishley breed,

each, --....

For the best Boar, not less than 5 months old
nor more than 2 years and 6 months old,
with an assurance that he shall be kept 6
months for further service
For the next best, ....

For the best breeding Sow, not less than 1
year old which shall have had at least one
litter of pigs, and must be kept for breeding
another year, .....
Fur the next best, - . . .

For the best weaned pigs, not less than 2 in

number, -.-...
For the next best, --..._
The unsatisfactory mode of determining the
relative excellences of Milch Cows, by mere in-
spection of them in the Pens, or from recollection
of verbal representations made to the Committee,
at the moment of exanjinatiou, has determined the
Trustees, in offering the above liberal premiums,
to require of the claimants, at tlie time of entry,
to file their certificate in writing, of the product
of milk and butter made from tiie Cow from the
10th to the 20th of June, and from the 10th to
the 20th of September — ascertained in such a
manner as may be entirely satisfactory; also,
stating the time of the cow's calving, the quality
of the calf, and if the cow has had any other
keeping than by pasture, of what kind, and in
what quantity it has been. And no person shall
be considered by the Committee of Judges, a com-
petitor for either of the above premiums for cows,
who has not strictly complied with this rule. It
is desirable also, although it is not made requisite
to obtain a premium, that if the cow is from a
dairy stock, the certificate should contain a state-
ment of the number and breed of the cows kept
together, and of the produce in veal, butter, and
cheese, and of the number of Swine kept as con-
nected with the dairy, through the season, to the
time of the Show.

None of the animals will be entitled to Premium
unless they arc wholly the product of the County,
excepting that with a view to encourage the in-
troduction of improved Stock, the Trustees will

pay the premiums which may be awarded for
Bidls, Rams, and Boars, brought into the County
upon receiving satisfactory security that they shall
be kept for use within the County at least one
year next after.

In awarding the Premiums upon all Stock, re- •
gard will be had to the manner and expense of
raising and k(eping. And the owner will here-
quired to give a satisfactory account thereof to the
a|>propriate Commiftf'e, on the d.ay of Exhibition,
— as it is the intention of the Trustees to encour-
age that Stock, which not only may appear best at
the Show, but which, in reference to the cost, is
most i)rofitable to the Farmer.

The Triistees, w ith a view to the most liberal
encouragement of the Citizens of the County,
who live remote from the place of Exhibition,
propose to pay at the rate of eight cents per mile
for travel, to the owners of such animals as obtain
premiums and which are brought or driven more
than TE,\ miles, computing from the place from
vv.'iichthe animals come to the place of the show.
Also, to unsuccessful competitors the like sum,
when from the report it shall appear, that the an-
mals exhibited were of such excellence as to claim
the special notice of the Committee ; and that in
their opinion, the owners merit such an imdemnity
for an expense which has given credit to tbe
Show.

No animal for which to any owner one Pre-
mhnn shall have been awarded, shall be consider-
ed a subject for any further premium of the
Society, except it be for qualities different
from those for which the former premium was
awarded.

Persons intending to offer any species of stock
for a premium must give notice thereof, either by
letter jost paid, or by personal application, to the
Recording Secretary, on or before the 6th October
next, the day preceding the Show, at 9 o'clock in
the evenijig, requestiug him to enter his application,
so that the tickets for the pens may be ready by 8
o'clock, tlie next morning. The difficulty of
making arrangements for the proper accommoda-
tions of the difl'crent species of Stock, without
such jircvious notice, renders a strict enforcement
of this rule indisj ensable ; and no person will be
considered as a competitor who shall not have
made such application for entry, on or before the
time above specified. The owners of Working
Oxen, or Cattle exhibited in the yoke, are request-
ed to bring a chain to each yoke to secure them to
posts.

In all cases where the age of animals is men-
tioned, the applicant must file his own certificate,
or that of some resjiectable individual, who per-
sonally knows the fact, that they are of the age for
which they are entered, and also that they are the
product of the County.

DOMESTIC AND HOUSEHOLD MANUFACTURES.

For the best Carpeting not less than 20 yards
in length, $12

For the next best Carpeting not less than 20
yards in length, ... g

370

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JVWE 3, 1835.

For the next best Carpeting, not less than 20

yards in length, - - - -

For the best Flannel, not less than 7-8ths

wide, and 20 yards in length, -
For the next best, - - - -

For the best Wove Coverlet, not less than 24

yards wide, - - - - . "

For the next best Wove Coverlet, not less

than 2i yards wide, - - -

For the best Linen or Tow Diaper, 5 quar-
ters wide, and not less than 20 yards in
length, - - - " '

For the best Linen or Tow Diaper, 4 quar-
ters wide, and not loss than 20 yards iu
length, - - - " '

For the best Woolen half Stockings for men,

not less than two pairs, . - -

For the next best, . - - -

For the finest Grass Bonnet, manufactured
from fowl-meadow or other indigenous
grass, - " " " ■

For the best Straw Bonnet,
For tlic best Palm Leaf Hat,
For the best Butter, not less than 20 lbs..
For the next best, - - - -

For the next best, - - - "

For the next best, - - - -

The Butter must be exhihited in boxes or
tubs, and the owner must certify the quantity
made in his Dairy, and the number of Cows
kept between the first day of June and the
first day of October.

For the best lot of Cheese, not less than 100
pounds, of the manufacture of the same
person, - - " " '

For the next best, - - - -
For the next best, - - . -
For the next best, - - - -

For the best lot of Old Cheese, not less than
100 lbs., of the manufiicture of the same
person, - - - " "

For the next best, - - - "

For the best Sole Leather, not less than 100

pounds, - - - " *

For the best manufactured Calf Skins, not

less than 12 in number, -
For the best manufactured Morocco Leather
of Goat Skius, not less than 6 in number,
The specimens of Leather must be accom-
panied with a certificate of the time and
manner of tanning.
For the best Cow Hide Boots, not less than 6

pairs, - - - " '

For the best Calf Skin Boots, not less thaii 6

pairs, .-•---

For the best Calf Skin Shoes, for men's

wear not less than G pairs.
For the best Brogaiis, not less than 12 pairs,
A minute and accurate account of the ex-
pense of manufacturing said Boots, Shoes,
and Brogaus, must be (exhibited.
For the best kind of Potatoes, not less than 1
bushel, (the Potatoes to be left with the

Society,) ' ' " " '

T)ie premium to be awarded at such time,
and after such experiments upon the Po-
tatoes, as the Trustees shall direct.
For the best barrel of Ci.icr, (tlie cider to
be drank at the; dinner, if the Society choose,
A certificate of tiic maimer of making tiio
cider will be required. Tlie cider must bo
pure, and without the addition of spiritous
liquor of any kind.

Fvery article of manufacture, offered for pre-
mium, must be entered, and delivered to the per-
son appointed to receive them, before 11 o'clock,
A. M., the day preceding the Exhibition. And
all manufactures, when presented, must have a
private mark ; and any public or known mark
nmst be completely concealed so as not to be
known to the Committee ; nor must the proprie-
tors be present when they are examined ; and
the goods nmst not be removed until 5 o'clock of
the day of Exhibition, unless by permission of
the Committee of Arrangements ; in defauh of
either of which requisitions, the article will not
be entitled to consideration or Premium.

PLOUGHING MATCH.

The Trustees also propose to unite with the
Cattle Show a Ploughing Match, on the same
day, and to give Premiums to the owners and
Ploughmen of the Ploughs, which shall be ad-
jndged by a competent Committee of practical
farmers, to have performed the work in the best
manner, upon a plat of ground not exeeeding
one-fourth of an acre, as follows :
First Plough, best work, with two yokes of

Oxen, $10

Second Plough, do. do. 6

Third Plough, do. do. 4

As the Trustees believe, that, with one pair of
well trained Oxen and a skilful Ploughman, the
work, for every useful purpose, on a good soil,
may be sufficiency performed, they have thought
proper to discontinue the Premiums to Ploughmen
and Drivers, who do their -work at great addition-
al expense of labor ; and they, therefore, also
offer for the best work with one yoke of Oxen,
driven by the Ploughman,

First Plough,
Ploughman,
Second Plough,
Ploughman,
Third Plough,
Ploughman

$S
4
6
3
5
o

Fourth Plough,
Ploughman,
Fifth Plough, and
Ploughman,

As the great object of this part of the Exhibi-
tion is to excite emulation iu the constructwn and
use of the most important Instrument of Agricul-
ture, the Plough, the competitors hi the Ploughing
Match must not only own their respective Ploughs
and Oxen, but the Pioughs must he those generally
used on their farms— and the Ploughmen, if he
be not the owner, must be a man employed on
the owner's fltrm. Those persons who design to
become competitors must give notice in writing to
the Recording Secretary, before the 28th of Sep-
tember next, that suitable ground may bo obtamcd,
the proper number of lots measured and marked
out, and the requisite arrangements made for the
occasion. The Ploughs must bo on the ground
designated, ready to start together precisely at 9
o'clock, A.M., as this will be the first public busi-
ness of the day attended to. Such arrangements
will be ma<le," that the Cattle engaged m the
Ploughing Match, and which may also be entered
for jiremiums as AVorking Oxen, may have op-
portunity to be well refreshed before they are sub-
jected to examination and trial. Cattle which
have heretofore obtained a premiun; in the Plough-
ing Match will not be entitled again to a i)ro-
mium, unless for excelling in a higher degree.

Competitors for premiums of every description
will be UM ton rigid compliance with the fore-
going rul ;s, as well as such other rules and regu-

lations as shall be adopted by the respective Com-
mittees of Premiums, hereafter to be appointed, and
the Committee of Arrangements for the occasion.
In cases where, for want of competition, the
claimants upon a literal construction of these pro-
posals might be entitled to premiums, the Trustees
shall be at liberty to reject the claims, unless the
animal, or manufactured article is of a superior
quality and value.

No owner of any number of premium animals
will be entitled to more than one allowance for
travel.

The sum of fifty dollars is reserved, and will
be distributed in gratuities to persons who shall
exhibit articles of skill and utility deserving en-
couragement, and for which no particular premi-
um is offered.

For premiums awarded, there will be discount-
ed 25 per cent in the jiayment of those persons
who at the time, are not members of the Society ;
and no ]iremium will be awarded for any animal
to any person which at the time, is not the owner;
nor for manufactured articles, unless they are
manufactured in the county — and no premium
will be paid to any person who is not qn inhabi-
tant of the county. Premiums will be paid in 30
days after they are awarded ; but if not demand-
ed in four months, they will be considered relin-
quished, and the amount will be added to the funds
of the Society.

The foregoing proposals for premiums, with
the rules accompanying the same, being reported,
are accepted by the Trustees, and thereupon it is
ordered, that the respective Committees which
may be appointed to award the premiums, re-
quire a strict conformity thereto, and that they
report no person as entitled to any premium who
has not complied with the rules in relation to eri-
tries, and furnished certificates of the age of ani-
mals, their planner of keeping and product, or the
mode of making and preserving manufactured ar-
ticles, by themrcspectively exhibited, inallcasesiu
which such certifieates are required by the foregoing
rules. The Trustees will seasonably appoint skilful
men from different ])arts of the county, to adjudge
the premiums. LEVI LINCOLN, President.
CuAKLES G. Prentiss, Rec. Secr'y.

SII-K ■WORMS.

The cgskept open in a warm room will hatch
themselves at about the time the mulberry tree
shoots its leaves. If the young worms happen to
come out too soon, they may be kept alive a few
days upon lettuce. As soon as they begin to ,
hatch ap|ily to them the tender mulberry leaves.
They will soon attach themselves to the Icav. s
and begin to eat ; when they have eaten or ex-
tracted the moisture from the first leaves fresh
ones must be added ; when the old leaves become
thick, take off" the top laying with the worms and
remove the others ; do this eight or ten times
ihiring the first three weeks; then spread the
worml on shelves, allowing about a square
inch of space to each worm. Continue to feed
them until thev wind iht-W balls, which will bo
from fortv to sixty days. They are perfectly harm-
less. Prepare somT dry bushes and spread o\ vr
the worms or set tliem up near them when they
begin to wind ;. ,ift<r they have ceased winding m
two or three days pick oft" the cocoons and strip
off the loose tow— the balls must bo reeled or
baked in a few days to prevent their eating out.

vol.. xni. NO. 47.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

371

Bake them in an oven moderately heated; let tlie
oven be as warm as it commonly is when bread
is done baUing, and let them be in the oven an
hour, then taken o(it and dried.
• Spiders, ants, mice, cats, fowls, &c. must be
kept from tlie worms. Wet leaves must not be
given thcuj. When the worms are shedding their
coats which they do four tijiies they should not be
disturbed by feeding. At other times they
should have as much as they will eat. The sun
should not shine on them.

The reeling is performed by putting tlie balls
into hot water, gathering the fibres and runniui;-

them off on the reel.

J. H. Cobb.

[From the New Vork Farmer.]
HINTS ON SHEEP HUSBANDRT.

It is obvious that housing sheep at night, and
providing them, during the day, a shelter from
the rain and sun, must jjreserve and improve the
wool ; and also essentially conduce to the health,
comfort, and preservation of the animal.

I would have sheep winter fed, to the degree of
commencing the grass season in good store order
and without having sustained any check, in car-
cass or wool ; and winter sheltered in yards or
sheds, as much as the sheep may themselves af-
fect, throughout even the mildest climates of
Britain, for neither merino, nor half breed merino
lambs, nor indeed those of any other breed, ought
to be exjjosed without some kind of shelter, to
the rigors of the winter and early spring ; and
the sheep, when arrived at their maturity or full
strength, will still require the same, with regular
and good feeding, if it be intended to force the
growth of their fleece, to its utmost weight, and
to preserve the quality in its highest degree of
condition and fineness. — Lawrence.

One of the completest sheep yards I have seen
is that which Mr Thurlow has made at Gosfield,
partly by means of stubble stalks, but the space
well enclosed ; a large flock may be under cover
or exposed, at their pleasure. In the centre is a
thick stubble stack, which forms a double shed.
He finds it of incomparable use, inasmuch as he
intends to convert all the straw of his large farm
into dung, and to leave off buying bullocks for
that purpose. — Arthur Young.

The late Gen. Murray's standing folds were
equally well contrived, enclosing an area of 57
yards in length, and 20 broad, containing 1,140
square yards. Above 700 ewes were folded in it
at night, andfurtliat number it is more than a yard
and a half for each sheep. All around it was a shed
nine or ten feet wide, and also across the middle
which latter was open on both sides. A rack for
hay, placed against tlic wall, which was boarded,
surrounded the whole ; and another, which was
double, to be eaten out of on both sides, stood
along the central shed ; under the rack was a
small manger, iii which the food was given. — lb.
A cool moderate temperature is more favorable
to the production of fine wool, than excessive
heat ; and were the sheep of Spain, like those of
England, unprotected against the effects of climate,
I should have no hesitation in saying, that the sit-
uation of that country would be, in some respects,
worse than that of our own island, and more un-
friendly to the growth of a fine even staple. But
to the other qualities, the soundness and softness
of the fibres, our frequent rains are very ];rejudic-
ial, unless the sheep be sheltered and protected
iro/n their effects. — Bakewell.

To preserve all the best qualities of wool in the
Spanish breed of sheep, it will be necessary to
attend to the three following objects : The first in
importance, is the purity of the breed. The ni,v\t,
that the fleece be covered by nature with a copious
yolk, or being deficient that it be supplied
by art ; nor should the unctuous covering of the
wool be absorbed by a mixture with the soil on
fallows, or washed away by the rain. Lastly, that
the sheep be kept dry, sheltered from the ex-
tremes of heat and cold, and their quantity of
nourishment regulated. — lb.

The bad effects of water upon the pile, while
growing, may be owing to the readiness with
which it mingles with the yolk, and carries off a
quantity of that animal soap, which is so neces-
sary to the good quality and even existence of the
fleece ; for if care be taken to prevent this, by the
skilful ajjplication of tar mingled with butter,
which act as repellants to the water, the wool ] art
of the sta])le which grew afler the mixture vvas
ajiplied, contains a sufficient supply of rich and
nutritious yolk, and is a much sujierior sort of
wool to those parts of the pile which have been
exposed without protection, to the dripping wet-
ness of the wintry season. — Luecock.

Mr Bakewell is so fully convinced of the utility
of greasing, that he advises it immediately after
shearing, and again in October. In his ojiuion,
the trouble and expense of it, twice a year, will be
well repaid by its beneficial effects U])on both the
carcass and fleece of the sheep, in every part of
Britain. He observes, by the first greasing, the
wool will be covered and defended from the
action of the soil, when the ] articles are niost
pulverized and active, and it will be kept soft and
moist during the parching heat of July and
August; and that he has reason to believe, that
the toj) of the stajile of a greased fleece would not
become harsh and discolored, which is frequently
the case with English wool. Additional and very
powerful inducements to spring anil summer
greasing, are the following: The ointment de-
stroys the sheep tick, and has a tendency Xo pre-
vent cutaneous distenq-ers, and to preserve sheej)
from the stroke of tlie fly. Farther, a considera-
ble quantity of wool will be saved, which is torn
oft' by sheep when rubbing themselves, in order to
allay the irritation of the skin, occasioned by those
causes. The ointment resists the action of the
moisture more powerfully than could the natural
yolk of the wool ; and Mr Bakewell gives an ex-
ample of the superior warmness and dryness aji-
]:arently enjoyed by greased sheep, on the moun-
tain sides, where greased and ungreased browsed
together.

The following is given as the Northumberland
preparation : From 16 to 20 pounds butter are
placed over the fire and melted ; a gallon of tar
is then added, and the mixture is stirred until the
two substances are well incorporated, and form a
sofl tenacious ointment. The care always nec-
essary in the application of ointments to the
sheep, is es|iecially so in this case; for, says Mr
Bakewell, if the ointment be merely rubbed on the
wool, it collects on the top of the staple, attracts and
mixes with the soil, and is rather injurious than
beneficial to the fleece. The staples ol' the fleece
are to be divided with one hand, and the ointment
applied to the skin with the finger of the other
hand, by which means the ointment is soflened
by the warmth of the skin, and equa'ly diffused
throughout the fleece. The quantity required will

in course vary with the size of the shee]>, but gen-
erally, and in the lighter mode of greasing, one
gal on of tar and 20 ] ounds of butter will be suf-
ficient for forty or fifty sheej\ — Lawrence.

An unfavorable change takes place on shorn
wool, kept long in a very warm and dry tem])era-
tnre; the fibres become indurated, rigid and elas-
tic, and acquire the properties of the hard wools.
The greater the degree of warmth, the more
speedily will the effect be produced. Wool which
has been shorn three or four years, will not spin
or fill so well as when kept only one year. A dry
situation is necessary for the preservation of wool,
which however at length loses its natural mois-
ture, and becomes hard, like wool of limestone
districts. — Bakewell,

Sheared sheep turned into a newly mown pas-
ture, their coats attract the short ends of grass
left by the scythe, and remain sticking in the bot-
tom of the fleece, until in the end they are rolled
up with it. These, with any dried vegetable par-
ticles, such as hay seeds or chaflf, falling from the
rack into the coat of the sheep, occasion much
extra trouble and expense in the manufacture of
the wool, since, if left, they would be wrought in-
to the substance of the cloth, whence they may
be extracted by holes made, to be aftersvards repair-
ed at the fulling mill, or by the fine drawer. Hay
in racks should be upon the level with the heads
of the sheep, and the staves by no means too wide
apart, since some sheep, particularly the Spanish,
are the n)ost wasteful animals in the world of
their j)rovisions. — Luecock.

The wool grower is counselled to place no de-
pendence upon accidental and external circum-
stances, for the production of good fleeces, but to
rely entirely and with confidence upon the prop-
erties with which nature has endowed his sheep,
the perpetuity of animal properties being scarcely
anywhere more strikingly exhibited, than in the
certainty and regularit)' with which the parent
sheep convey to their offspring their own distin-
guished characteristics. Breed is of the utmost
consequence. It is the basis upon which all
the improvements of the flock must be founded ;
the only source bf hope, that attempts to produce
fine wool will be followed with success. The
kind of wool depends entirely on the species of
sheep which bears it ; and the soil and its pro-
ducts, or other external circumstances, have no
other effect than to vary the quality of the samjde,
the wool itself still remaining true to its species,
long, short or mixed. Long ,ind universal expe-
rience has established the fitness of heavy, coarse
woolcd sheep for rich grazing grounds and marsh-
es, confining the light and short wooled stock to
the hills and higher pasture. Nevertheless, fit-
ness and ];ropriety, not absolute necessity, have
given birth to such arrangement ; since short and
tine wool might be grown in the low grounds, and
long wool in the upper, with an additional expense
of winter- keeping. — Lawrence.

Poison. — We stated a few days since, that
there had been some cases of sickness which
wore supposed to have been occasioned by pois-
oned food of some kind. We have since learned
that Dr Dickinson has traced the disorder to its
origin, and found that it was caused by the milk
of some cows which had been feeding upon de-
cayed vegetables. — Bangor Ifhig.

372

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JVSE 3, 1835,

From TraiiEaclions of the Essei Agricultural Society, for 1834.
ON COLORING.
(Coiilinueil from page 3C5.]
A TELLOW OM COTTON OR LINEN,

It has been said that the fibres of cotton and
linen have not so strong an affinity for clay
and tin as those of wool and silk. A some-
what ilifterent management, therefore, becomes
necessary in coloring the former goods, from that
which is required for tlie latter. The fibres of
linen or cotton are prepared for dyeing by being
first boiled in water, with a portion of potash and
afterwards bleached. It should then be soaked
in water soin-ed witli sulphuric acid, to dissolve
and to remove all earthy matter, and then be
thoroughly rinsed, to free it from the acid. Alum,
and not tin, must be used as the mordant, for al-
liough tin gives yellows exceeding all others in
lustre and beauty, on cotton, they decay very
speedily when exposed to the sun and air.

For one | ound of cotton and linen yarn, or
cloth, take alum 3 ounces, sugar of lead 1 ounce

dissolve them in one gallon of water, about

blood warm, and soak the stnft' two hours ; take
it out, moderately squeeze or wring it, let it then
be dried, and then soaked again in the solution of
alum, squeezed and dried as before ; then let it
betlioroughly washed in lime water and dried as
before. Let it then be well rinsed and put into a
kettle of cold water with three ounces of quer-
citron bark tied up in a bag ; stirring it frequently
gradually raise the water to a boiling heat, let it
lioil a few minutes only, as longer boiling would
injure the color, and take it out, rinse and di^ as
usual. It has been found that by immersing cot-
ton a great number of times, allernately in the so-
lution of alum and lime water, and drying after
each immersion, the color acquires greater body
and durability. The reason of this seems to be
found in the shrinking of the aluminous basis
(the clay) in drying, and thereby making room for
an additional quantity to penetrate the fibre after
each drying, and the larger the quantity of this
substance united or incorporated with the cotton,
the deeper and more durable will be the color
fixed upon it.

There are other methods of preparing cotton,
so that it will take a sufficient quantity of the clay
from alum, without the use of the sugar of lead,
and which are, consequently, somewhat cheaper
than the one described above.

Take of the roots of our common snmacli,
(rlius glabrinn) dried and chipped, one potmd, sal
soda four ounces, or barilla half a pound, which
is an impure soda used by manufacturers of hard
soap, and in two or three gallons of soft water
boil them for one hour, and then strain ofl" the
liquor and steep the cotton therein for two or
three hours. Take it out of this liquor and steep
it for the same length of time in a mixture of
warm water and fresli cow dung, rinse it out aiul
dry it. Dissolve three ounces of alum in one gal-
len of water, soak the cotton in this and lime
water alternately, and dye it slowly with tlie quer-
citron bark as belbre directed, liy the addition
of madder, the yellow may be raised to or-
ange, &c.

Woolen, silk, or cotton goods colored yellow as
directed, may be immersed in the saxon blue dye,
fsccond metliod,) and made to take any shade of
green which may be desired.

Crimson-^on wool or silk. — Provide yourself
with the following articles — Alum 41b., cream of
tartar Jib., Nicaragua wood 14 lbs. — dissolve the
alum and tartar in four pails of water, in a brass
or copper kettle, when boiling, put in the cloth,
yarn &c., and continue the boiling two hours,
then take it out and cool <ind wash it. Fill the
kettle again with water, put in the Nicaragua
wood tied up in a bag, put in the cloth and boil one
hour, take it out and wash it, and if you wish to
change the color to crimson, add one ounce or
tnore of pearlash to the liquor, and boil again for
fifteen minutes.

Madder Red. — Soak the cloth &c. as directed
in the last recci))t, then instead of the Nicaragua
wood, put into four i)ails full of water, 14 lbs. of
madder and ilb. of the nitro nuiriate of tin, and
when blood warm put in the cloth and turn it
continually till it boils, take it out immediately
and dip it into lime water, and turn it for a few
minutes without boiling, take it out and wash it,
&c. The quantity of dye-stufts mentioned in
these receipts, are calculated for about 24 lbs. of
woolen goods.

Scarlet. — Firstly, color as directed for the most
brilliant yellow, then take one ounce of powdered
cochineal for every pound of cloth, and put it into
the yellow dye from which the cloth has been
just taken, or into a suitable quantity of clean
water, vj'ith one ounce of murio sulphate of tin.
Put in the cloth, and boil it for fifteen or twen-
ty minutes, wash and dry as usual.

To color cotton red, with Brazil or j-edwood,
Nicaragua wood or madder, it must be soaked in
alum water, and otherwise managed as directed for
yellow, the red wood, &c. being used instead of
the quercitron bark.

BLACK.

To dye woolen goods black, perfectly and most
durably black, they must first receive an indigo
blue, as described in our first method, and be well
scom-ed out afterwards. The mordant used in
dyeing black is iron — sulphate of iron (copperas) is
most generally used for wool. There are a great
number of dye-stuffs, both native and imjiorted,
used in coloring black. Nutgalls are usually con-
sidered the best for this purpose, but Bancroft
says, and we think correctly, that the bark of the
red flowering majde (acer ru!)rum) so common in
swamps in this county, gives *' a more intense,
pure and perfect black than even galls, or any
other vegetable matter within our knowledge."
Logwood is a useful addition, especially where the
cloth has not received an indigo blue. It certain-
ly improves the appearance of the black dyed
from galls and iron, by rendering it more intense,
glossy and soft. In fact it seems that almost ev-
ery coloring vegettdtlc matter for which the fibres
of wool have an affinity, adds something to the
body of black, and lessens the hardness or harsh-
ness which iron gives to wool. Among other ar-
ticles, therefore, which may be adv.-intageously
use<l in black dyes, are the barks of our common
elm and alder, and several S|)ecies of lichen, or
mosses, which glow on rocks, tmd have long been
in use among us for dyeing various cheap colors.

For host iilack. — On cloth previously colored
blue with indigo, take dried maple baik 12 oun-
ces, or 1 lb. of tindricd bark, logwood 6 ozs. flesh
elm bark 8 ounces, and boil tliem in two gallons
of water for one hour. Take out the bark, im-

merse the cloth, and boil another hour. Then
take 5 ounces of copperas, dissolved in 29 pounds
of water, and add it slowly to the liquor in the
boiler. The cloth should be kept continually
turning in the boiling liquor for two hours. Take
it out, cool it, and again soak it in boiling water,
to which a small quantity of ox gall or fresh cow
dung has been added, another hour, Rinse it out
and scour it well with hot water and hard soap.

Cloths not colored with indigo, will take a good
black if the quantity of logwood be increased,
and the dippings alternately in the decoction of
the bark, &c. be many times repeated.

Black, on Silk. — The fibres of silk do not so
readily receive the black dye as those of wool.
What the woolen dyer effects by three or four
dippings, the silk dyer scarcely obtains from twen-
ty. As the affinity of the silk for the soluble part
of the gallsor maple bark is greater than with the
iron, it is thought most advantageous to begin by
boiling about one half as much in weight of the
galls or bark as of the silk to be dyed, in a suita-
ble quantity of water, for three or four hours.
Let it settle, pour off the clear liquor, and macer-
ate the silk in the same for twentyfour hours.
Being dried and slightly rinsed, the silk is after-
wards immersed in a solution of the sulphate of
iron (copperas,) moderately warmed, and kept
therein twelve hours, after which it should be
rinsed and immersed in a warm decoction of log-
wood for several hours, again immersed in the so-
lution of iron, rinsed, again transferred to the de-
coction of bark, &c., rejeating these alternate im-
mersions till the desired color shall have been
produced. Iron dissolved in vinegar, is still bet-
ter than copperas. A black vat may be easily ])re-
pared for coloring silk, by immersing in vinegar,
old iron hoops, turnings of iron, or iron in small
and thin pieces, to which may be added maple
hark, the berries and bark of the sumach, oak
liark, alder bark, &c., and left to undergo a grad-
ual solution, by the joint action of the acids and
acerb vegetable matters. The longer the liquors
are kept, the better. In some coloring establish-
ments in Europe such vats have been kept for
ages, being replenished from time to time by ad-
ditions of the several ingredients above mention-
ed. By repeated dippings in black dyes, silk may
be made to acquire nearly a fourth part more in
weight than it possessed before its natural gum
had been separated from it by the boiling whli
soap, a process to which all new silk should be sub-
jected before it is colored. But the color produ-
ced by this excess of black is not so good as it is
when no such excess has been employed. As soon
iherefoj-e, as the silk becomes sufficiently colored,
judgingbythe eye, it should be rinsed out and
passed through a bath containing at the rate of one
pound of starch and half a pound of linseed oil,
well mixed with six quarts of warm water.

Black, on Colton. — Cotton may be colored Wack
in the dyes above mentioticd for wool and silk. A
somewhat different management is howeverrecom-
mendedby the best writers on the subject. One,
who is considered good authority, recommends
making a decoction by boiling the logwood, maple
bark, &c. above directed, and pour the clear liquor
into a tub. Fill another tub with a like quantity
of lime water, and another with the copperas
water, formed by dissolving two and a half ounces
of copperas to each gallon of water, and while the
decoction and lime water arc nearly boiling hot,
dip and turn the cloth for thirty minutes, take it

VOL. Xm. NO. 47.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

-378

out, wring and air it ; then put it into the copperas
water, and turn it as nsual, fifteen minutesj wring
and air if, again; then dip it in the lime water
five minutes, and let it be well washed. If
the color does not become sufficiently dense, re-
peat the opei-atious until the desired color be ob-
tained. Then dip it in the mixture of .«tarcli, oil
and water, as directed for silk. JIuch benefit
may also be expected from soaking it a short time,
previous to its being oiled, in a mixture of ox
gall and water. Wlien the cloth has not been
first dyed blue with indigo, more dippings and a
stronger decoction of logwood will bo necessary.
In some great dyeing establishments the black vat,
as directed above, is chiefly used for Coloring black,
instead of the cojijieras watei-, and is doubtless
preferable, when it can be readily obtained. The
cloth should be first steeped in a decoction of niU-
galls, or the barks above directed, and afterwards
macerated and worked several times in the liquor
of the black vat, drying it between each of the
macerations, and finally, being well rinsed, it is to
be dyed with a quantity of majdebark, gails, &rc.,
to saturate the iron injbibed in the black vat. To
soften the black so produced, the yarn &c. is usually
passed through a bath of starch and oil, well njix-
ed and stirred, employing for this purpose at the
rate of one ounce of oil for each pound of cloth,
yarn, &c. This employment of linseed oil gives
a soft, glossy appearance to the black dyed upon
cotton and linen, renders the color more intense
and durable, and is particularly important for sew-
ing thread. But care must be taken not to with-
draw the cotton from this mixture till by suitable
management the oil has been equally applied to all
parts of it.

Having given what we believe some of the best
methods of dyeing the four simple colors, and in-
cidentally mentioned some of their compounds,
we now proceed to give directions for coloring
several of those which are most frequently used
or which have been, or still are, most highly es-
teemed by mankind. Among these are the pur-
ple, once the most costly and valued of colors,
worn only by princes and the most wealthy of
mankind. The ancient color was produced by a
liquor found in small quantities in one or more
species of shell fishes. It is yielded by a species
of the Buccinum, which resembles in form the
garden snail. This liquor is found in a little
white or yellowish bag, placed transversely in im-
mediate contact with the shell, near the head of
its inhabitant. It is nearly colorless, but when
applied to linen, cotton, &c., and exposed to the
rays of the sun, it will become green, blue,
and finally a most durable purple. Perhaps
this animal may be found upon our coast,
and be advantageously used for marking fancy
work, &c. Josselyn, in his " New England Va-
rieties Discovered," says—" At Pachataway, a
plantation about fifty leagues eastward of Boston,
in a small cove, called Baker's Cove, they found
this kind of muscle, wliich hath a purple vein
which being pricked with a needle yieldeth a per-
fect purple or scarlet juice, dyeing "lineu so that
no washing will wear it out. We'mark om- hand-
kerchiefs and shirts with it." But purple, being
a compound of red and blue, is more cheaply dyed
by the following method. The cloth must first he
colored blue, by either of the methods recommend-
ed in this essay. The saxon blue (second method)
gives the brighest but least durable color. It
must then be boiled with alum and tartar, as di-

rected tor yellow, and aferwards dyed with co-
chineal, employing from half to two thirds of the
quantity required for scarlet. Or, iustead of using
the alum and tartar, the murio sulphate of tin, as
directed for yellow and scarlet, may be used as a
mordant, and a more brilliant purple thereby ob-
tained. Silk, previously dyed blue, by the first
method, being macerated in the murio-sulphate of
tin, sufficiently diluted, may be made to receive a
fine and lasting purple, or violet, according to the
shade of blue previously communicated, by dye-
ing it with cochineal. Some varieties of purple
and violet may be produced by substituting mad-
der for cochineal, but, though lasting, they will
be less beautiful. Brazil wood, Nicaragua wood,
and in fact whatever wit! color red, will give, with
indigo blue, purples, often lively and beautiful, but
they have but little stability.

Oh Cotton. — Cotton, macerated in a decoction
of galls or maple bark, employing about one pound
of galls to six of cotton, then dried and after-
wai-ds soaked in a saturated solution of equal parts
of alum and copperas, being again dried, rinsed,
and dyed with its weight of madder, will obtain a
fast color, which, by varying the proportion of
alum and copperas, using more alum the lighter
you want tlie shade, may he made to incline more
or less to purple or violet.

[To he continued.]

MIIiK Vl'EED.

Since our remembrance the milk weed was con-
sidered as noxious as the thistle, and its destruc-
tion sought with the same avidity, by every good
farmer. Our mothers used to gather the contents
of the pod for upholstery purposes, but they were
thought of little value, and as many supposed, de-
leterious to health. Now the milk weed, or
silk grass as some call it, is considered one
of the most vahudjle of all our indigenous
plants'. — It has long been used in Canada for cul-
inary purposes, as a substitute for asparagus. It
is easily cultivated, by gathering the seeds in the
fall and sowing them early in the spring in drills,
taking care that the ground be well manured and
pulverised, and that they be covered about one
inch deep. They vegetate slowly and make their
appearance after 4 or 5 weeks. After 2 years
they should be taken up and set in a trench aboiU
eight inches apart and six inches deep. The fol-
lowing spring, when the young shoots are four or
five inches from the ground, they may be cut and
served up in the manner of asparagus, and by
mostejiicureans, will be pronounced to be equally
delicious.

It may also be propagated by cuttings of the
root. The plant has long roots with eyes. These
may be cut otT in pieces five or six inches long
and planted in trenches, care being taken to place
them in the trench obliquely with the eyes up,
and to cover them about six inches deep. This
may be done either in the fall or spring, but
if omitted till spring it must be attended to
early before the milk has ascended the stalk.
Gen. Dearborn of Roxbury, in an article on the
milk weed, in a late number of the Blassachu-
setts Horticultural Register, from which we have
gathered the foregoing methods of propagation,
&c. thus speaks of tlie silk, and the uses to
which it is applied. — Bait. Farmer.

"The silk, when taken from the pods, and
being freed from the seeds, is hung up iu thin
bags in the sun, and when perfectly dry may be

used without any fm-ther preparation, instead of
feathers, horse hair, wool or cotton, for cush-
ions, bolsters, pillows, mattresses, and coverlets.
From eight to nine pounds is sufficient for a bed,
bolster, and two pillows. It is lighter and wrr.n-
er, when used in forming coverlets or comforters,
than cotton, or wool, and is nearly ecpial to eider-
down.

For spinning, the staple of the silk is too short,
when taken alone, and therefore is combined with
flax, wool, cotton, or raw silk.

One third of this silk, with two thirds of cot-
ton, forms a very excellent mixture for gloves,
stockings, and other articles of like manufacture.
One part of this silk and two of rabbit's fur
forms hats exceedingly light, soft to the touch
glossy, and which have a great resemblance to
beaver hats.

Besides the above named articles manufactured
from the silk, I recollect having seen at several
of the annual exhibitions of the Massachusetts
Agricultural Society, in Brighton, tippets, capes,
bonnets, and various other articles, which were
very beautiful. They were formed by sewing the
tufts of silk by the part which is attached to the
seed, to linen, cotton, or silk cloth in rows, one
overlapping the other, like the shingles on a roof,
They had the appearance of the n]Ost delicate and
rich fur; and so simple was the work thatachild
could execute it.

For embellishing the outer borders of pleasure
grounds, the skirts of roads, avenues, clumps of
trees, the sides of groves, and to intermingle
with shrubfs, all the American varieties may be
used with picturesque efti^ct.

On examining some botanical works, since
writing the above, I found that Parkinson had
received the Syriaca from this country, and cul-
tivated in his botanical garden of rare plants as
early as 1629. He called it Virginia silk, and it
was stated that the French Canadians were in the
habit of eating the tender shoots as substitutes for
asparagus.

It is but little trouble to form in every garden,
side by side, beds of dandelions, seakale, milk
weed, and asparagus, which from the last of March
until the green peas appear, will afford a daily and
various supply of delicious vegetables. They are
all perennial plants, and when once set out, and
properly taken care of in autumn and spring will
yield abundant crops, for all time, without removal.

A New Article. — Several gentlemen of this
town have formed an association for the manu-
facture of an entirely new kind of carpeting and
floor cloth : which they call the Norwalk Felt
Carpeting. Its principal recoimnendations are,
its durability, which isgreater than that of Brussels ;
its price, which is less than Ingrain ; its lustre,
which is equql to Turkey ; its surface which great-
ly resem'oles Wilton. Its advantages over these are
its imperviousncss to dust,to wind am! to water. Its
texture is necessarily fine from the manner in which
it is made. The colors are bright and durable, pen-
etrating the entire thickness, an eighth of an
inch. We examiued apiece which had been used
about three years, and we did not think we could
discover any appearance of wear hi it, either in re-
gard to color or texture. From the lustre of the col-
ors and the taste displayed in the selection of pat-
terns, we think the efiect upon the eye i»the most
jileasing and brilliant of that of any carpeting we
have ever seen. — A'orwalk Gazette.

374

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUKE 3, 1835.

GOoTO.N, WEUMiiSUAY EVENING, JUNE 3, liad.

FARMERS' WORK FOR JUNE.

Raise roots for vour Cattle. — You may be as-
sured that it is not good liusbanilry to attempt to keep
stock tlirougli our long and cold winters wllliout roots.
Your animals may exist, and ifyour hay is first rale may
tlirive wijiout roots, but in all cases tliey will be belter
and miu'e profitably kept if roots constitute a part of their
diet. The routs most valuable for feeding cattle and
field cultivation are potatoes, Mangel Wurtzel, and Ruta
Baga. We shall give a few remarks on the uses and
culture of the' latter.

A worthy practical farmer, Mr J. M. G. of Weston,
Mass. stales in substance that he has found Ruta Baga
a very useful root; cattle are extremely fond of it, and
the roots will keep in a dry cellar as easy and as long as
potatoes. They may be heaped up there, and I have
taken them out in Juno as hard and as sound as when
they were put m ; I have found the leaves to be valuable
towards the end of summer, when the pastures become
dry and barren ; they may be pulled off as soon as the
stalks of the first leaves become yellow, and come off
easily, and are invaluable at that time for milch cows;
with a piece proportioned to the number of cows kept,
by the time that the first leaves were gathered, the sec-
ond would become yellow and ready to be pulled, and
so in succession till frost comes, and it is time to gather
tJje roots."

According to Judge Cuel the soil for Ruta Baga should
be rich and dry, and the more it inclines 10 a sand loam
the belter. " My generil practice has been to manure
well a piece of pasture or clover lay, from which the bay
has lirst been cut, plough it handsomely over, and harrow
It well. Sow in rows, at two and a half or three feet
with a drill harrow. The sooner the preceding opera-
tions succeed each other the better. I have sown broad
cast but the expense of thinning and culture is increased.
A man will drill in thfee or four acres a day. We allow
a pound of seed to the acre, though half this properly
distributed is enough. Sow from the 2Gth of June to
the 10th of July."

The Rev. H. Colman raised 741 bushels of Ruta Baga
on an acre, and received a premium therefor of 20 dol-
lars from the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. The
following is extracted from bis account of their culture.

" The ground on which they grew is a good soil,
neither wet nor dry, and bore last year an abundant
crop of onions, and corn the year preceding the last. It
was well manured at both times and in fine tilth. It was
manured wilh at least six cords to the acre, of barn ma-
nure the last spring and sowed again to onions ; but the
seed enlirely failing, it was ploughed, harrowed, furrows
.struck out, and abtml eight cords of barn manure spread
in the furrows; ploughed again so as b3' aback furrow to
form a ridge over th(! manure, and the seed sown with a
small drill harrow on the ridges, making the rows about
20 inches asunder. As soon as the plants were of suffic-
ient size, a drill harrow, with small shares fixed to it to cut
off all the weeds was passed through the rows; and the
plants thinned with asmall weeding hoe to the distance
of about eight inches apart, and the vacant places filled
up by transplanting from the supernumerary plants," &c.

Cattle in Pastures, Hoven, ice. — Cattle, especially
when turned into iVesh feed, are liable to be hovcn or
swollen in consequence of iiaving eating too much green
succulent food. The common remedy for this disorder

* Ste New England Farmer, vol. vj. p. 2138.

has been to stab the diseased animal with somesharp in-
strument, such as a penknife or trocar under the short
ribs, and put into the orifice a tube of ivory, elder, quill
or something of the kind, to give vent to the confined
air. The wound is then dressed with some sort of ad-
hesive plaster, and thus, in general the cure is effected.
This, however, is a rough and dangerous remedy, and
we have been assured thai the following is equally ef-
fectual, as well as more simple and less hazardous :

Make about a pint of lie, either by throwing hot em-
bers into a sufficient quantity of water, or by dissolving
therein about an ounce of pot or pearlash, and turn it
down the throat of ox or cow affected. A proportionally
less quantity will answer for a sheep. This is said to
give immediate relief by neutralizing or absorbing the
carbonic acid gas in the stomach of the animal, which
causes the swelling and other symptoms to subside, and
speedily effects a cure.

Wood asues and Salt fob Cattle and Sheep.
— When callle or sheep are first turned to pasture it is a
common and correct practice to give them salt. And it
has been recommended, by a gentleman who had tried
the effects of the composition to mix salt with unleach-
ed ashes, in the proportion of one quart of fine "salt to
one half bushel of ashes, and place the mixture under
cover, where the animals can have access to it. This
mixture, our informant states, preserves the health ofthe
animals, increases their appetite, and he believes would
preserve sheep from the rot, and horses from bolts. It is
possible, however, that the above mentioned proportion
of ashes to salt mighl.be refused hj' some animals. Mr
Samuel Denny, of Oakham, Mass., in a communication
for the New England Farmer, vol. vi. p. 239, giving an
account of his profitable Dairy, states that he mixes wood
ashes with salt for cows and horses, beginning with a
small proportion of ashes and increasing. *' One cow
is so greedy for salt as to lake three parts of ashes to one
of salt."

East Boston CELEBUATioN.^On the 27th nil., TIte
East Boston Company entertained a large number of in-
vited guests at the Maverick House, a capacious and
elegant Hotel beautifully situated, finely constructed and
recently completed on ti.e Company's premises. Among
the persons assembled were Judges of our Courts, gen-
tlemen of the City Government, the President and Fac-
ulty of Harvard College, and others of the highest stand-
ing and reputation. There were present by invitation
the Boston Light Infantry, the Brigade Band and nothing
wanting to give interest, dignity and splendor to the
celebration.

The remarks at table were instructive as well as
amusing — the toasts were pithy, pertinent and patriotic.
The whole proceedings were got up and worked off in
that style in which Boslonians are nc plus ultra and
their convivial meetings the flc/ftcs of all festivals. We
can scarcely say which pleased us most, the landlord.
Major Barton ; the splendid establishment in wliieb he
was genius loci, or the occasion and management of the
assemblage.

Mr Fessenden. — Suppose you give us your ideas
about the transportation of cuttle, sheep and swine by
Hail Road to Brighton market. Is there any thing im-
practicable about it ? Would not the expense of drivers,
of feed and of loss of weight occasioned by the long
and tiresome and dusty roads now travelled, bo more
than doubly saved ; and the market be supplied with
belter slock, particularly thai intended for the table i

Bij the Editor. — There is novelty at least in the above
scheme, and possibly in some future period it may be

practicable. At present the biped passengers in our rail
road cars could hard'y be persuaded to make room for
quadrupeds. If rail roads should ever "be plenty as
blackberries," and cars as big as cattle yards, our oxen,
cows, sheep and swine might ride to market in their own
carriages, and thus exhibit the ne plus ultra, of what has
been termed the levelling system ; showing that not only
"all men," but all animals " are born free and equal."
And, whereas, live calves, sheep, pigs, lambs, &c., as
well as poultry are sometimes, nowadays accommodated
with wagons for their conveyance to market, or the
shambles, why not give larger animals the facilities of
locomotion which are furnished by steam cars, and air
balloons.' No doubt to men of enterprise and of capital,
such a speculation would prove a capital enterprise.

AVooL. — There has been no important change in the
market since our last review. Sales are limited, and it is
expected that but few operations will be made until the
large sale, by auction, takes place, on the 10th inst. There
will soon be a belter supply of domestic fleeces as shear-
ing time is just at hand, and a large clip is expected.
There is but a moderate supply of pulled wool in the
marbjt

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICUIiTURAt SOCIETY.

FLOWERS exhibited.

Saturday, May 30, 1835.

From the conservatory of the Hon. Mr Lowell,

A slendid Cactus speciosus, of large size, with a pro-
fusion of flowers finely grown, attracted the admira-
tion of all the visitors. Also some rare specimens of
Tulips.

L. Josselyn, Esq. Some beautiful flowers of Viola
grandiflora, a variety of Phloxes.

Messrs Hovey. Very fine and choice varieties of
Tulips.

E. M. Richards, Esq. A beautiful specimen in large
clusters, of the Chinese double flowering Chinese apple.

Mr Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard. Very
fine and choice varieties of Tulips, wilh some well
grown and fine Anemones.

S. Walker, Esq. A great variety of flowers. Among
which were Tulips; Dodicathium gigantia; Phlox,
two varieties; Violas, grandiflora, alba, purpurea,
Prince of Orange, Sir Walter Scott, and several seed-
lings. Lychnis, flosci ; Saxifraga grandulala; some
very superior new hybrids ofthe Viola grandiflora, &c.
For the Committee,

JoNA. WiNSHip, Chairman.

'^'' J. B. on Bird killing was received loo late for in-
sertion this week.

The American Lvceum, during their annual session
this season, have had an unusual variety of interesting
business before them ; and they have instructed their
Executive Coinmillee to take measures for the promo-
tion of knowlcdrre and education calculated for the
benefit of the city and country.

Among the interesting documents presented, were
three valuable and elegant essays on the Fine Arts,
written at the request ofthe institution, by three of our
native artists. Messrs Dunlap, Cole and Neagle.

The Executive Committee, we understand, have been
instructed by the Lyceum to endeavor to provide for
the printing of their Transactions of this year in a vol-
ume, but at present they are destitute of resources.

Among the interesting papers presented we may par-
ticularize two; one on Books and Apparatus for the
blind, by Dr Russ; one on the Grasses of the United
Slates, and one on Education among the Armenians, by
Mr Oscanean, a younsr gentlemen of that nation. The
information received from Lyceums in different parts of
the country, was various and interesting — JYew York
Daihj MdvertiscT.

VOI-. Xin. NO. 47.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

375

UISHliEY SHEEP.

To be solrl at Auction at Brighton, on Monilav.June 22,
Bt 12 o'clock M.— "

15 ewes and 2 ewe lambs,
4 bucks and 3 ram lambs.

The old ones were expressly procured for the subscriber
by R. G. Ncwraarch, Esq. of Newcasllo-upon-Tyne, aijd
were obtained from the flocks of Mr I. Bates and i\1i Kobett
Curry celebrated breeders in Northumberland, E. They have
been kept entirely separate from anv other sheep, and war-
ranled pure blood. ENOCH SIl.SBY,

■i""e 3. St West iiradford, Ms.

DRY GOODS AT REDUCED PRICES.

The subscriber intendine: leaving this part of the country for
the South about the 1st of August next, offers for sale the
whole of his extensive stock of Foreign and Domestic Goods,
and lease of the store No. 411 VVashijigton st— and the slock
will be sold at very reduced prices at retail until closed, amon"
which are the following varieties, viz i — °

Broadcloths, Cassimeres, Athenian Cassimere, Rouen Cas-
simere, Athenian Camlets, i^-c.

4 bales of superior Welch, English and American Flannels
Some of them arc very superior, and are warranted not to
shrink in wash ng.

2 bales of Angola Flannel, an excellent article for summer
wear.

1 bale Domet Flannel, 4 do col'd American do.
4docord Domets,

3 cases of superior English Cambric Dimolies,
1 do. do- Furniture Dimolv,

1 do col'd Poult de Soie Silk, at 3s per yd, of an excellent
qualit}',

Cases Irish Linens of superior quality,
do English and American Prints,
do and bales of brown and bleached Shirtings
do of white Cambric and Cambric Muslins," '
do of Bisliop Lawns, from 20 cents to 3s 3d per yard
1600 ps Nai kin and Cantoi) Straw Carpeting, '

Cases of Taylor's Persian Spool Cotton, atljs per dozen or
,5 cents per spool, warranted of verv superior quality '

Cases of Spool Cotton at (id per'dozen,
I case of open work cotton Hose at Is per pair.
Cases of 4-4 and G4 Bobbinet Laces, fm 9d to'.is 3d per yd

1 case Grecian do. superior quality, at 2s per yard

- 'J^",'"; "A'PT °3"'«sI'- 6-* and 8-4-a very durable article
lor Table Cloths,

2 cases India and English Silk Hdkfs.

2 do col'd Table Cloths, assorted sizes,

1 do col'd bordered cotton hdkfs. ; imitation L C at 9d
each.

I case Linen hdkfs. 4 do American Sewing Cotton
5 bales Russia Crash, '

3 cases Linen and Cotton Tapes. 1 do. English Pins
7 hales of Tickings, assorted qualities— and a great variety

of other goods, which will be sold in proportion

ELL\BSTONR BREWER,
■'""'' 3- 414 Washington street

VALUABLE AVORK ON AGRICULTURE.

This Day published by Gi-o. C. Barkktt, THE COM-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T.
G. Fessenden. Second edition, revised and improved by the
Author, ividi considerable additions.

The first ed'tion i>as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond prei'edent for a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendations to public patronage, and cannot fail lo prove still
more useful to the community of cultivators.

This work has met with decided and universal approbation
from the most competent judges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
lyOWELT, and Rev. Hksry Coliman. The Editors of the
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the Maine
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, i^c. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to pulilish
those of the other gentlemen who liave honored the work with
their approbation.

"Roxbunj, April a, \tiX).
"Having perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economi.sl, by Thomas G. Fcssendcn, Esq. in its first
edition, and having recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory to a seconi.1 edition, i am of opinion that It is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know that the sci-
ence of Agriculture is so extensive as lo fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such an a-
bridgement full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But I know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more instruction in so small
a compass than this work of Mr Fessenden.

"iS John Lowei.l."

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CAIIE, WEEKLY.

SEED CHEWAKGO POTATOES.

500 bushels superior quality for planting, from Penobscot
river,for sale by G.CURTIS, No. 104 Faenuil Hall Market
may 20.

BWTMAIVS POTATOES.

Butman's Polatoes— a superior article— the best 'n the mar-
ket; a few barrels for seed, and some suitable for the lable
I'.irtncrs who w,sh to change their seeds, are requested lo call
at P.O. ^ I Exchange street, and examine them. Those for seed
will be closed at .\uction on Salurdav next at 12 o'clock

•>'"«= 3. DANIEL HER.SEY, Aucl'r.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEED.

Just received at the New England Seed Store, 51 &■ 52
rjorlh Market street,

A quantity of fresh andj;genuine White .'\rulberrv-seed Irnm
one of the greatest Mulberry Orchards in Coiineciicut, warrant-
ed new and good, directions accompanving each nacka<re

Dec. 13, lti3L GEO. C. BAIRRETT.

SILK COCOONS WANTED.
The subscriber, encouraged by the late act of ihe Letrisl <-
tore to reel and throw .\merican Silk, wishes to purchase at
the Agricultural Warehouse in Boston, Silk Cocoons, and will
V^y .?3 l^r bushel for Ihe best, and in proportion for poorer
•""■s- [nifi] a C. BARRETT.

LIGHTNING CONUUCTORS.

Dk King informs his friends and Ihe public tha- be contin-
ues to prepare and affix lo buildings his improved Lightning
Conductors. They.aro approved by all practical aiid well
informed Electricians, in aftording 'uperior protection against
Lightning to the old form. Gentlemen in want of Lighinin<r
Conductors are ilivited to call at his rooms, No.5t Cornhill^
Boston, where they may be sati.sfied of the superior efliects of
his Rods, by illustration— where also may be had, Plato and
Cylinder Electrical .Machines, Galvanic Batteries and their
apparatus- all warranted of the best workmanship and supe-
rior power. Prices reasonable, for cash or approved credit

may 20.

TO LET,

O.v a lease of five or more years, as mav be agreed upon, a
Farm, containing one hundred acres of Land, suitable fiirti
Dairy, with dwelling house, barn, and all other buildings requi-
site, a good orchard, and well watered. The siinalion is two
miles from the cilv of New Haven, in the Parish of Hampden
For lurtber particulars addre s (post paid) to No. 2G3. box
<lost OMire. New Haven. Feb. 25.

NANKIN &. CANTON STRA1V C.\RPETIXG.

Ei.iAB Stone Brewer, No. 414 Washington street, has
eonstanily on hand a largo assortmeni of Straw Carpeting, ol
various qualities and widths, among which arc —
2,500 yards superfine .Nankin, fi-4
20W do. do. do. 5-4

3500 do. Canton do. (1-4
'1500 do. do. do. 5-4

lease German Table Mats, a new and superfine
»■■'"■'<'■ April 1.

MOLLIS' CELEBRATED HORSE LINIMENT,

For Sprains, Uruiscs, Witid- Galls, Old Strains, Stijf

^'aints, Swelled ur Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are

strained in the bad .tinews, irnmg in the millvers, Jfc. ; iilso

fur Glandular sivellings of the throat

The ingredients which compose diis preparr, lion have been
carefully selected after many years' experience, and are some
of the most successfill remedies united, correctly proportioned
and happily adapted to alVord relief in all life ahove mentioned
complaints ; the propriel.nr feels assured that vihen once this
article is used, it will be preferred to any other, as it is decid-
edly ihe best and certainly the most convenient article in ise.

N. B. Persons afllieted with Rheumatism, Sprains, Cramp]
Numbness, Stiffness, or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Liniment^a valual>le and efficacious remedv.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass. "

. IC The Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed.

Price of large Bottles one dollar, small do, 75 cents. o29

Apples,

Beans, white, ....
Beef, mess, (new)
Cargo, No. 1.
prime, . . .
Beeswax, (Americrn) .
I'uTTEK inspected. No. 1, .
Cheese, new milk, .

skimmed milk,
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
Flax, American,
Flaxseed,

Flour, Genesee, . . cash
Baltimore, Howard street,
B.illimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white.
Rye, northern.
Barley,

Oats, nor hern, . (prime)
Hay, best English, .
eastern screwed, ,
hard pressed, .

HONEV,

Hops, Ist qualil)'

2d quality ....
Lard, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, 1st sort.

Leather, slaughter, sole.

f p 1 >

do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
Lime, best sort.

Pork, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .
Navy, mess, .
hone, middlings,
Seeps, Herd's Grass,
Red Top,

Red Clover, northern,
White Dutch Honeysuckle.
Tallow, trieil, ....
\VooL, prime, or Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do, 3-4ths do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4'and common
Native washed
c f Pulled superfine.
t "c 1st Lambs, .
t^{U do. ' . .
o i. I ."d do,
^ [isl Spinning, .
Southern pulled wool is generally 5 cts
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
pound

cwt.

pound

350
250
13 50
12 50

24
J8
9
6
45
39

n

1 37
650
6 75
6 75
660
59

93

55

22.50

18 00

19 00
42
14

11

12

9

10

19

20

, '2

14

ii;

IS

IS

2(1

27

29

23

27

105

112

21 00

22 00

16 (10

17 50

S

850

225

2.51)

77

too

3

9

25

30

7 50

800

70

85

GO

(J3

53

GO

45

50

40

45

38

60

fiO

65

. 45

SO

30

,■«

25

30

35

40

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

For sale at this oftlce, one eomplele set of the .New En-'land
Farmer, comprising twelve volumes, neatly aid well bmiiid
and perfect. Price ,53 25 per volume, ras/i." Feb, 18. '

P R O V I

Hams, northern,
southern.
Pore, whole hogs.
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) .

lump
Eggs, .

Potatoes,

ClUJK.

S I O N MA

retail prices.

R K E T .

pound

12

'•

''*

(>

''

10

"

20

i'

2!

dozen

15

bushel

5!l

barrel

300

13
S

7
14
22
23
15
55
!50

FARM FOR SALB OR EXCHANGE.

An excellent Farm cont.aining 70 acres, siluated in Marlbo
rough. Mass., with a house and bsrn Iheteon, for sale, o,- would
be exchanged for property in th? citv of Boston. For terms
and particulars inquire of G. C. BAtlKETT at this office or
N. B. PROCTOR, Esq, of said .'Marlborough. 6in'.

AGENCY IN CONCORD, N. H.

Willi a ill Ke,nt has aeceDtedthe agencv of the New Eng-
lanrl Seed Establishment, and has received a full assorimenl ol
Garden and Flower Seeds neaily papered up. willl direc-
tions for cultivating. &c. on each paper. These Seeds are
warranted, being raised in g.irdens connected with the above
establishment.

Concord, N. H. -March 21, 133,5.

GRAPE VINES.

A few hundred prune Isabella an-l Catawba Grape Vines
for sale by Jonatiia.n Boyce, fllnrket Street, Lvnn.
march 25

MULBERRY ANTJ SILK.

COBB'S Treatise on the Culiivation of the Mulberry and
upon .Silk, being an improved edition. For sale at the office
ol theN. E. Farmer. Price 50 cenls.

■'^°- 21. GEO. C. BARRETT.

TO NURSERYMEN.

The subscriber wishes to relinquish the charge of his exten-
sive Nurseries lo a lenanl. or share ii with a competent associ-
ate. A green house is contemplated as an appendage to the
esiablishmenl. ' 'ij. FISKE.

\\ orcesier, March 16, 1835.

GROUND PLA.STER,

From the J,ubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs
eacli.coiisiantly nnhand and for sale by GEO. CLARK *

CO. No. 9, T Wharf.

OT.\ '.

MORUS MTJLTICArtlS.

Trees of the above new varieiv of the Mulberry .""or gale hy
the subscriber at ^40 per hundred. 55 per dozeii, and 50 cts
ea,ch, being about sir feel high. Orders solicited.

'^^- '2- GF.O. C. BARRETT.

376

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JVSE 3, 1839.

3ea5!g©IliE.SiA3S"5g'a

thibre: 's music in a mother-s voice.

There 's music in a mother's voice
More sweet than breezes sigliing;

There 's kindness in a mother's glance
Too pure for over dying ;

Tlierc 's love witliin a niotiier's breast,

So deep 't issliil o'erllowing;
And care for those she calls her own,

That 's ever, ever growing ;

There 's anguisli in a mother's tear,

When farewell fondly taking,
That so the heart of pity moves.

It scarcely keeps from breaking.

And when a mother kneels to heaven,

And for her child is praying,
O who shall half the fervor tell

That burns in all she 's saying !

A mother ! — how her tender arts
Can soothe the breast of sadness,

And through the gloom of life once more
Bid shine the sun of gladness.

A rnother !— vvlien like evening's star
Her course hath ceased before us,

From brighter worlds regards us still.
And watches fondiv o'er us.

A BIOTHER'S TEARS.

There is a touching sweetness in a moth-
er's tears, when they fall upon the face of
her dyins b^be, which no eye can behold with-
out imbibing its influence. Upon such hal.
lovvetl groinid, the foot of profanity dares not
encroach. Infidelity itself is silent and forbears
Its scoffings. And liere woman displays not her
weakness, but her strength — it is that strength of
attachment which can never, to its full intensity,
realize. It is perennial, dependent on no climate,
no changes ; but alike in storm or sunshine, it
know^no shadow of turning. A father, when he
Bees his child going down to tlie dark valley, will
vrecp when the shadow of death has fully come
over him, and as the last parting knell falls on his
ears, may say, " I will go down to the grave for
my son mourning;" but the hurry of business
draws him away — the tear is wijied from his eye
— and if, when he returns to his fireside, the
vacancy in the family circle reminds him of his
lo.sB, the succeeding day blunts the jioignancy of
his grief, until at length it finds no permanent seat
in his breast. Not so with her who has borne
and nourished the tender blo.ssoni. It lives in the
heart where it was first entwined in the dreaming
hours of night. She sees its i)layfid mirth or
hears its plaintive cries. " She seeks it in the
morning," and "goes to the grave to weep there."

Power of ELoquENCE.-^A distinguished lite-
rary character, sjicaking of O'Conneli's eloquence,
says, "There is nothing so powerfid as oratory.
The faculty of W/u'nimg- on his kgs' is a tremen-
dous engine in the hands of any man."

It is this THINKING on his legs wliich con-
stitutes true elo(|Ucnce. He who cannot do it
or dares not trust himself to attetnpt it is no
orator. — AT. Y. Evang.

RAINY DAYS.

How much time is thrown away by some far-
mers when the weather will not permit them to
work out doors. And how well this time might
be improved ! There are many days and hours
of wet weather in a year, in which it is impossible
to do any work on the farm, and when these are
lost, as they are to many farmers of my acquain-
tance, they amount to a considerable sum. "Time
is money" as my grandfather used to say ; and
further " Take care of the pence and the pounds
will take care of themselves."

Now if this is good advice in money matters, it
will surely apply to economy in time, to those
hours and half days when the rain drives under
cover.

■Well, how are the hours to be best improved ?
I will tell you, my brother farmers. Get your-
selves a set of Carpenters' Tools, and make a work
bench, and if you can plane a board and drive a
nail, you will find enough to occupy all your spare
time.

The tools will cost but five or six dollars — such
as are most necessary, and then you will be able
to keep all your out-buildings, and many of your
farming implements in good repair. If your barn
or stable door break down, mend it immediately
the first rainy day. If a board is loose, put a nail
in it or replace it. If you want any plain, useful
kitchen furniture, such as pine tables, benches :
&c. take those occasions. But it is unnecessary
to multiply the things that might be repaired in
such times. Every farmer that looks around him
(if he is not in the habit of so doing) will find
the woodwork on his place lamentably out of re-
pair.— Genesee Farmer.

GRANT THORBURN.

The grand drawback to every kind of improve-
ment is the common and degrading idea, that cer-
tain things are beyond our reach ; whereas, every
thing is attainable by the employment of means,
and nothing, not even the knowledge of a com-
mon laborer, without it. There are are many
things which it is not desirable to wish for, and
which are only desired by men of extraordinary
minds ; but let no man fancy that any thing is
impossible for hiin. I speak from experience ; I
commenced a seed-store with Jijleen dollars ; find-
ing it thrive, I resolved it should be the first.
And now I think it is, for while in Britain, last
winter, I snw nothing to equal it. I say again,
let no man think that any thing is impossible, for
this is the banc of all improvement.

PUBLIC SPEAKING.

" I never," says Pope, " could speak in public.
And I don't believe, if it was a set thing, I could
give an account of any story to twelve friends to-
gether, though I could tell it to any three of them
with great pleasure. When I appeared for the
Bishop of Rochester on his trial, though I had
but ten words to say, and that on a plain jioint,
(how that Bishop spent his time when I was
with him at Bromley,) I made two or three blun-
ders in it, notwithstaiuling tlie first row of lords,
which was all I could see, were mostly of my ac-
quaintance.

ST HEI.E1VA POTATOES.

200 bushels of this very superior Poialo for sale at Brimmer
iff' Indies' liioro on the T'wharf, at 80 cenis per bushel by MO-

SES HKALEY.

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

FiNE.larfje, three years old Uoots of the Dutch Aspara«Tas
for sale by GEO. C. BAUltETT. april Id.

PEAR STOCKS, &.C.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocks; Apple Stocks j
While anti Pink Flowering Horse Chesnuts, and Honey Lo-
custs, for sale on very reasonable terms. Apply to

April 29. GEO. 0. BARRF,TT.

PtOWER SEEDS.

An extensive collection ol splendid Annual, Biennial and
Perennial Flower Seeds, contprising some new and choice
varieties, for sale by GEO. C. BAKKETT. april 22.

SIL.VER FIRS, &.C.

WiLMAM Mann of Bangor, Me. will execute at short no-
tice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, ^c. well packed and
in good order. april 8.

TREES FOR SAI.E,

At W. Bcckminster's Nursery, Framingham :^App!c
trees, Cherry trees, Pear trees, Peach trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, at cus-
tomary prices. * march 4.

4000 APPLE TREES

For sale by the subscriber, at Fresh Pond, in Cambridge,
consisting of Baldwins, Russelts, Porters, Rivers, Siberian
Crabs, and Blue Pearmains. The trees are lour years from
the bud and are probably the best in Massachusetts.

JONAS WYETH,

Cambridge, April 8.

GR.\PE VINES &. PLliai TREES.

Isabella and Catawba of extra size and Red and White
Cbasselas Grapes, and of the foreign varieties.

Also — Plum trees of vifforous growth and of the most ap-
proved kinds, for sale by SAMUEL PONI), Cambridgeporl

Orders may be left at the N. E. Farmer Office, march 18.

PLEASANT ANDj VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the BrushhitI turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing 16 acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre coiitauiing \'ajuable fruits
&LC. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulars inquire of Messrs I-OT
WHEELRIGHT ^- SON, 46 Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises.

IMPROVEID SHORT HORNED STOCK.

To be sold, a number of fine animals, from the breed of
Denton, Admiral, Wye Comet, &c. Apply to A. Green-
wood, on the Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's flleeting-
IIousc, in Dorchester. feh. 25.

WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is well acquainted with his business in al
its branches, and who can procure good recommendations from
bis last employers. Enquire al G, C, Barren's Agricultural
Warehouse, Boston. m6.

THE NE-W ENGLAND PAflMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at S3 per annum,
payable al the end of the year — but those who pay within
sixty days from the lime of subscribing, are entitled to a de-
duction of fifty cents.

[)j= No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

New York — G C. Thoreurn, C7 Libcrty-slreeL
Allmntj—\Vw. Thorhurn, 347 Alarket-siieet.
Philadelphia — D. .^ C- Landbeth, 85 Chesiiut-slrect.
Diillimure — I. I. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmer.
Cincinnali — S. C. Paukhukst, 23 Lower Mark.>l-strect.
Fliislung, N T'.— Wm. Prince S,- Sons, Prop, Lin. Bol,Gar,
Mfddhhnrij, \'l. — Wight Chapman, Merclianl,
Hartford — GoouwiN 4.^ Co, Booksellers.
Ki-u'lunjporl — Eiienezer Steiuias, Bookseller,
PorlsmoiUh. N. //.—John W. Foster, Bookseller.
Woodstock, Vt.—}.A. Pratt.
Itaiisor^Me. — U M. Mann, Druggist,

Halifa.r, !\!. S.—P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
Si. Louis— Gko. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND 'WEEKS,

No, 8, School Street,
ORDERS FOR rRlUTING RECEIVED BY THE PDBLISHER.

NI3W EMCJI-ANB FAHMEK,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISH

EU BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agkicultural War£House.)-T. &\ FESSENOEN, EPri'OR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1835.

NO. 48.

[For Hie New England Farmer,]
BIRD KILLING CONDEMNED.

SOOTHBORO, JcNE ], 1835.

Mr Editor — I am sorry at the return of Old
Election, that our ears should again be pained hy
the incessant popping of guns in destroying our
small birds. It is an infamous recreation ; and a
practice so cruel and inhuman — so repugnant to
the interest of fiu-mers that it cannot h

interest
plated without regret.

I feel satisfied that this unfeeling practice will
be discountenanced o< once when its evils are taken
into consideration.

It is the remark of common observation that
our birds are becoming fewer from this periodical
destriictioii.

There is ignorance and a want of common
sympathy in a young man, who will stroll about
in groves and orchards, purposely to delight him-
self in wantonly massacrcing the innocent and
harmless birds. It must be wounding to the si-n-
sibjiity of any one, who will stop to thiidi, to see
the mothers killed off at this season, and the
young broods left dqy after day, to send forth their
hungry cries, opening their mouths in vain to re-
ceive the expected morsel, and then perish of star-
vation.

Moreover we cannot be ignorant of the addition
of beauty and loveliness which our birds make :o
our meadows and groves and to country scenery,
in the exhibition of their versi-colored plumage —
their music, and habits of industry and skill.
Their very presence seems to make up a part of
spring and summer. In truth the month of May
would scarce be May, with all its bursting buds
and vernal breathings, without the lively notes of
the Lark, the modest strain of the robin, and the
melody of other songsters, to cheer up the morn-
ings, and console our evening hours.

But these are not the only reasons that induce
one to plead for their safety and preservation.
They are useful. — Without them the hopes of the
farmer would be faint indeed.

The feathered tribe [jerform a very important
work in the economy of nature. Most of them
feed on insects, and therefore must serve to keej)
that low order of beings in check, or prevent an
unlimited increase of them. Most of that variety
of birds that are common to the country are con-
stantly preying upon the worms and insects that
infest our fields of grain, gardens and fruit trees

The labors of a pair of robins, for the sup-
port of their broods, if centered upon a gar-
den of ordinary size, would be sufficient protec-
tion (while their labors continued) against the
common ravaires.

In fact, most of the birds are insectivorous, (pr
fond of insects) at tliis season of the year. Ac-
cording to the observation of r>Ir Bradley a single
pair of sparrows in supporting their brood will
destroy three or four thousands, weekly, of catter-
pillars.

i will venture to say that a flock of larks, or
black birds of two dozen, if their labors could be

confined to a ten acre pasture would clear it of
grasshoppers in one week, even if that insect were
very numerous.

This practice of destruction originated I pre-
sume in the belief that many were mischievious
to the fields of corn and other grain. But the
crow and crow-blackbirds are the only birds, so
far as I have observed, that yuW up corn to that
de',-ree that it is desirable to kill them, while many
of the small birds that li>!iit n, on tiie fields to lick
off the insects are brought in guilty of the doings
of the striped squirrel.

It is hoped that this practice of indiscriminately
shooting the small harmless birds, only for sport,
in the last of the month of May, a practice hos-
tile to agriculture, full of cruelty, and destitute of
good taste (or the taste of a gentleman) will not
be countenanced by an enlightened community.
Respectfully, yours, J. B.

MAKING CLOVER IIAV-IS COCKS,

Nothing is so hard to combat as the prejudice
of armers, who think th ey can learn nolJiing in
their business. We have often recommended
curing clover hay in cocks, as the means of
douldingthe value of this kind of hay, besides
lessening the expense of curing it. Many good
farmers and intelligent men, have ridiculed the pro-
cess, because it run counter to their practice, and
was what they could not reconcile to their idea of
good management. But they would never make the
trial ; if they had done so, they would have seen
that they were wrong, and we right. We beg
leave here to say, that in many districts of Great
Britain, spreading hay from the swath, or tedding
it, is going wholly out of practice, as causing un-
necessary labor, and as diminishing the value of
the hay. But they are not blessed with our ordi-
nary sunshine and heat in the haying season. The
hay curhig process, with them is a business of
some days, on account of their comparatively
cool climate and humid atmosphere. But with us
when the grass is matured, aiul thin, and the
weather good, it is often the business of a day.
But this cannot be the case with us with early-
mown hay, particularly where clover abounds.
The grass is then full of juices, and the succulent
stalks of the clover rcepiire time, as well as sun-
shine to part with their moisture. Spread and ex-
posed to a hot sun, the leaves, blossoms, and exte-
riors of the stems soon dry, but in drying the exte-
rior of the stems become induiated, and refuse like
wood painted when green, to part with the inte-
rior moisture. The consequence is, the grass must
either be housed in this half-cured condition, and
spoil in the mow, or if the curing process is com-
pleted, so as to prevent damage, the leaves and
blossoms, which constitute the best parts of the
hay, are over dried, crumble and are lost. Cureil
in cociv, every part of the grass, whether the
leaves or the thick sta'ks, dries alike, and is alike
preserved, and the evaporation of moisture goes on

and the rarified air which it generates, being spe-
cifically lighter than the atmosphere, is constantly
passing off.

We have been induced to these remarks,at this
untimely season, in consequence of finding in
the Farmer and Gardener, an agricultural paper
published at Baltimore, a communication from
John Smith, fully confirniing the utility of our
recommend.iiion and long practice. It would
seem that Mr Smith was led to make tlie experi-
ment rather from necessity than from choice. But
we will let him tell his own story.

"It will perhaps be recollected," he says, " by
all attentive agricultural readers of that j aper
(the American Farmer) that it was recommended
to farmers to i)ut their ha}% in its green state, or as
soon as cut, into small cocks, and cure it by sweat-
ing.

"When I commenced cutting my clover hay
the present seasoii, the prospect for favorable
weather was fiaitrring, but in a short time it
changed, and it became evident we sliou'd have a
wet spell. I then dropped the scythes and jiut all
hands to putting up the grass (then perfectly green
but exenij)! from external wetjinto cocks of about
200 pounds, cured hay, building them compact
and high, to avoid the introduction of rain as
much as possible. Rain came on before ! secured
all the cut fraSK, but the next day v.as fair, and i
succeeded, hytinfemitted attention in getting the
water dried out of the remainder, and put it up
in the same way. It continued rainy ten days,
and aflbrded no opportunity to cure in the sun;
the cocks were examined daily, by running the
hand and arm into them, and contrary to all expec-
tation, gave no indications of fermentation. At
the end of ten days the weather became fair, th^-,
cocks were opened and found to he in a perfectl-j
sound condition, except so far as the rain had pen-
etrated, and the external wetting alone, in niy
opinion, made it necessary to open it at a 1. Tell
farmers they need not fear losing their hay on ac-
count of unfavorable weather at harvest. I have
never seen worse weather in hay harvest, and I
saved mine entirely ti'di. It is most escellekt

HAY."

Our practice has been,except in cases of neces-
sity, like the one above, to lei our hay wilt in
swath, that is, to cock in the afternoon, that which
is cut hi the forenoon, and to have the cocks not to
exceed fifty to seventy pounds hay when cured.
We are glad to see that a larger quantity will cure
well. Let it he remembered that the cocks must
not be made by rolling, but by placing with a fork
one layer aboveanother, till the cock is completed.
— Albany Cultivator.

The Cattle up country are really in a suffering
condition— those that are left, for many have died,
are mere skeletons, meagre and so weak as to be
scarcely able to go fi.rth in quest of the^grass,

lie

i' beTieve in even wet weather ; for a partial, tho.igh I which is just beginning to shoot.— Bangor Courier
in no wise a prejudicial fjrmentatioti takes place, June 2d.

378

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUNE 10, 1835.

BEE AND BEE HOUSES.

Tho use of houses for bees, we believe, is of
modern date. Some three or four winters ago,
in travelling in Otsego county, we were shown the
first bee-house wo ever saw or heard of. One
was four, and anotlier six feet square, and six or
seven feet high, made perfectly tight, with a good
floor, and with a door for occasional entrance.
One had been tenanted two summers, and con-
tained probably about 200 lbs. honey. The other
iiad been occupied but a season, and contained
less honey. Neither had sent out a new swarm.
We were so pleased with this management, that
immediately on reaching home we had a Bee
House built, and in June following introduced in-
to it a swarm of bees, the day they left the parent
hive. They filled the hive in which they were
introduced, but no more, and the next year sent
out two swarms. In the mean time we made a
bee-house, or bee-room, in our garret, adjoining
the eastern brick gable end, fitted the interior for
the reception of a hive, and opened an ai)erture
through the wall at the point parallel with that
where the bottom of the hive would stand. The
first swarm that came forth were placed in it.
They not only filled the hive, but nearly covered
it with comb and honey the first season. We
have taken from their stores a considerable quan-
tity of honey for our table, always delicately
white and fine, which has been more than made
good the following summer. The quantity of
honey in the room must now amount to nearly
200 lbs. No interruption to their labors has been
ajiparent, nor have they sent out in the three
summers any new swarm, We built another bee-
room in the garret last summer, ami put therein a
fine swarm of bees. They promise to do equally
well with the first. A bee-moth has been occa-
sionally seen in the garret, and one in the bee-
house, but not the least indication of their web or
larvce about the hive or honey.

It has been said, that where there are a number
of hives, the bee-moth concentrate in one hive,
and leave the others undisturbed. This has been
in a manner verified by our observation during
the two last years ; for we have, in both years,
found one hivea Imost literally filled with the worm,
butterfly and web, whicli we immediately consign-
ed, hive, honey and all, to the flames but have not
found a moth, or the signs of one in other hives
from which we have taken honey. Though it is
well to remark, that the honey has been uniformly-
taken from the up])crmostof a double hive, without
destroying the bees, which were driven into the
lower apartment. Thetwo boxes are of equal dimen-
sfons. A hole is made in the top of the lower one,
for the bees to pass up, and the upper box S('t on
and fastened to the lower one by hooks and but-
tons. The upper box is always filled first, and
when the imder one is filled, and this is consider-
ed suflicient to subsist the bees during tho vviuter,
the upper box may be taken ofi", the honey, which
isfoutrd to be pure, and free from young and bee-
bread, taken out, and tlie box returned. The bees
are driven into the lower apartment by blowing
tobacco smoke into the upper one.

Ii! November last, we took two late swarms,
which appeared to have scanty supplies for the
winter and placed them on a shelf iu a dark cellar.
About the 20th of March they were examined.
The bees in one hive were dead ; they had
been apparently smothered for want of air or by
bad air. Water had got under a corner of the

hive and produced mouldiness. The honey had
a])])arently suffered no diminution during the win-
ter. The .bees in the other hive were in good
condition ; not a dead one was seen ; and on be-
ing removed to the stand, the day being warm,
soon became lively. From this experiment, we
think weak swarms may in this way be preserved
during the winter in a dormant state.

In jjieparing a bee-house, we recommend that
the hive which is to be put into it with the young
swarm, for such we should prefer, be placed above
the centre on the east wall, that the aperture
through the wall for the egress and ingress of the
bees, he parallel with the bottom of the hive, and
that the staging on that side to sustain the comb,
be fifteen or eighteen inches broad. The comb,
when extended on the outside cf the hive, assumes
the form of a cone, the top of the hive constitu-
ting the apex, spreading below equally on the
front and sides and extending considerably below
the hive. Without a broad staging, therefore, the
comb in front, having nothing to sustain it, breaks
off from its own weight, and falls to the grouiid.
— Cultivator.

[From Tr-insaclions oftlie Essex Agricultural Society, for 12J4. J
ANIMALS— BUI. 1<S.

The Committee on the examination of Bulls,
beg leave to report:

That they have attended to that duty, and find
twelve bulls regularly entered for jiremium, also
one bull calf for exhibition only, and after close
exatnination and discrimination to the best of their
judgment, they have awarded to Abraham Balch,
of Topsfield, for his dark red bull, 2 years and 6
months old, the first premium of $10,00

Gideon Currier, of Newbury, for his red bull,
the second premium of $5,00

Luke L. Dole, of New Rowley, presented for
exhibition a bull calf of native breed, 6 months
and 6 days old, of a dark red color, fine form,
gentle temper and weighing 505 lbs. This calf
had sucked from his birth. To encourage the
raising and the patriotism of showing such elegant
animals, we think Mr Dole entitled to the thanks
of the community and to a gratuity from the So-
ciety, of $2,00

The Bulls offered were of a quality generally
to do honor to their breeders and benefit to their
race, and they would cheerfully have bestowed
more premiums had the Society granted them.

The Bull is one of the most important animals
to the farmer, and great discrimination and judg-
ment should be used in his selection either for the
draft or the dairy. For the dairy it is a most
important point bis maternal ancestors shoulil be
great and rich milkers, and his paternal ancestors
out of stock known to possess these qualities iu
great perfection ; and no Bull calves even under
these circumstances should be raised except those
of most vigorous physical powers, well turned
limbs, and compact bodies, with good temper and
close smooth hair.

The Bull for procreation is equal in the exten-
sion of his race, if properly fed and employed, to
50 or 100 Cows ; and one animal of this kind has
been known to successfully cover near 200 cows in
a season ; which circumstance alone fully proves
the necessity of strict attention to every important
point in his selection when intended for that pur-
pose: and in raising him shouldhe not conlinueto
possess all the good qualities requisite for such an
animal, he should be mutilated and condenmed to

the yoke or fatted for the shambles. In fact, your
committee would wish all the Buds in Essex to
be as formidable as the Bulls of Bashan, and all
their progeny to be as strong and healthy as the
flocks Jacob gained in the service of Laban.
All of which is duly submitted by
Hector Coffin

WiLLlAJ

Daniel

II 15-uiiiy suuiiiuieu \3y

R Coffin \

iM Johnson, Jr. } Committee.

[. Adams, 3d. )

AGRICULTURAL, TOUR.

The Rev. Mr Field, whose farm is on the hiU
side, on the eastern bank of the Decrfield river,
together with three other persons in the vicinity,
have recently commenced the cultivation of mul-
berry trees, the raising of the silk worm, and the
manufacture of silk. Some of Mr Field's family
were, on my arrival, engaged in spinning silk on
a common spinning wlieel for sewing silk, and
which found a i-eady market in the neighborhood.
Mr Field has comparatively few worms; but is so
well encouraged by his success, that he designs to
extend his establishment to the utmost of his
ability to provide accommodations for the worms.
He thinks the situation ) artieiilarly favorable to
the raising of silk, as he found that one peck of
cocoons, containing eight hundred and twenty two,
has yielded six ounces of si.k, which is equal to
one and a half pound to a bushel, a much larger
product than is usually stated in the books. 1 he
silk, in the form of sewing silk, produces about
eight dollars per ] ound. Mr Field stated a fact,
probably familiar to those acquainted with the
subject, that there are two kinds of worms, one
which iJi'oduced but one, and one which might be
made to produce two crops of silk in the course of
the year. Of the latter kind he had received a few
from Mansfield, Conn. By the report of the Mas-
sachusetts Horticultural Society, it appears that
as good silk has been obtained from worms fed
on the black as from those obtained on the white
mulberry tree.

Oats may be considered the best crop in Charle-
mont. Considerable corn is produced but little
or no wheat. The innholder, Mr "1 hayer, liimself
an extensive and successful farmer, informed me
that he considered their best business to be that
of raising young stock, which when of an age to
be stall-fed, were usually sold advantageously to
the farmers on Connecticut river. A good deal
of pork is fattened, and principally upon Indian
meal and potatoes.

The road continues for several miles to follow
the course of the Deerfield river, which becomes
a narrow, rapid, and shallow stream, finding its
way by a very winding course over its rocky bed,
among the mountains, which rise precipitously
to a considerable height liom the very edge of the
stream, covered with a thick and imjiervious
growth of wood to their summits, and leaving in
many jilaces not even room enough for the road,
excepting by crossing the river ; and at other spots
furnishing small pieces of rich intervale, occu|)ied
by some industrious settler. In one case where
least you could have expected it, you suddenly
emerge from the woods, and at the foot of the
Iloosic mountain you come upon one or two ex-
tensive and beautifiil farms, ])resenting rich mea-
dows, surrounded on all sides by preci[)itous and
lofiy mountains ; and in the very bosom of tho
valley, almost secluded from the world, presenting
an aspect of remarkable neatness, comfort and in-

VOL. Xin. NO. 48.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

379

dependence, IMr King, an old man, who has since
paid the debt of nature, informed me tliat more
than thirty years agfo he was among the first set-
tlers on tliis spot ; few houses of more respecta-
ble appearance, or neater farms are to be found
than his.

The whole passage throngh this winding val-
ley, and U|) the ascent of the Hoosic mountain, is
extremely picturesque, curious and suhlime ; and
though the road is in some places rather startling,
esi)ecially where it | asses directly on the edge of
a jirecijice, and in one place over a treacherous
briilge, urider whicii' a largo slide from the side of
the mountain has fallen into the river, leaving a
frightful precipice of several himdred feet; yet it
may be travelled with comfort and safety; and
an ample compensation for any fatigue or lahor
in the ascent wi 1 be found in the extraordinary
grandeur and magnificence of the scenery, which
comitiiies to increase in interest until you reach
tlie sumndt of the Hoosic mountain. This is in
Florida ; and here the traveller should pause, and
looking hack upon his course he traces the
curious passage of the Deerfield river, as it finds
its very crooked way among the hills, sometimes
exhibiting its glossy surface for a considerable
distance, and then hiding itself from his sight
among the deep forests iutd the dark gorges ot
the mountains ; and he sees in the distant pros-
pect, as far as the eye can reach, mountains crowd-
ing upon mountains, and presenting various pic-
turesque forms of beauty and grandeur.

The ascent of the Hoosic mountain is steep
and rough, though it is passed daily by the mail
stage, from the Connecticut river to tlie Hudson.
This api lies especia ly to the first mile; but the
ascent continues for nearly three miles. A brave
and enterprising sett'er has placed his house and
barn directly on the side of the mountain, about
one mile from its base : and though few situations
cou'd he more forbidding in their general aspect,
yet his buildings were of decent a[)[ earance ; and
he seemed to have collected around him all the
common conjforls of life. It is about seven
miles across the mountain from where you com-
mence the aseent to the foot of it on the western
side; but, after the first rise of about two mi!es,
tlie surface is undulating and comparatively even
for some distance. Here are a number of good
farms, indicating care and thrift, devoted of ne-
cessity, to grazing, aftbrding pasturing of the
finest description. A great many cattle were
seen in them, whose appearance indicated the
abundance and the excellence of their feed. The
haying season was just commencing (7tli August.)

The descent of the Hoosic towards North Ad-
ams is even itmch steeper than the eastern side;
by the frequent turnings of the road, advantage is
taken of the nature of the ground, and the pas-
sage is rend red safe, and tolerable easy. The
coLintry on this side of the mountain and in the
neighbinhood of this villagi-, is rough and poor;
abounding in limestone and marble, and miserably
cultivated and iidiabited.

North Adams is one of those mushroom villa-
ges so thickly scattered in New England since
the encouragement given by the government to
domestic labor. It abounds with factories, shop.s,
taverns, and the usual accompaniments of a man-
ufacturing town. Several extensive establish-
ments are a'ready in operation anil others in the
process of erection. Passing from this to Wil-
Jiamstovvn, about six miles, on the southern side of

the river, where I passed about the same distance
on my return, I foimd a hungry, gravelly, rocky
soil, with little cultivation, thinly inhabited, and
an execrable road. — JVew York Farmer.

CATTLE PEED IN SEVERE WINTER.

The editor of the Maine Farmer, in that valua-
ble journal, of the 22d ult., observes that "the un-
paralleled severity of the weather during the last
winter, and the duration of it even into the mid-
dle of May have brought the great majority of
farmers into a distressing situation. Some cattle
have starved, — others have been killed to prevent
their dying a lingering death. Some farmers have
given all the grain which they had reserved for
their family's use, to their cattle and are buying
more at a high price. Some farmers are feeding
their cattle on wheat to save their lives."

In pointing out the means of avoiding such ca-
lamities in future, the writer states, "we have ob-
served that those farmers, and we know of several
who have done it, who cultivated a large quantity
of roots, such as potatoes, ruta baga, &c., and
who, when winter commenced, sat down and said
to themselves, I have so many mouths to feed at
my barn and I have such a quantity of hay, and
so many bushels of roots. If the winter is as
usual ray hay will be sufiicient for them, but I can
give each mouth so many roots per day. I shall
thereby save half, perhaps, of my hay to sell or to
use another season. Those who have done this
have come out well, while others, who have said,
I have hay enough, I care nothing about roots,
have either had to sutTer their cattle to starve or
to buy of their more provident neighbors. Here
is a rap on the knuckles from the old schoolmas-
ter " experien(;e." If you trace back in your
memory the times of scarcity of hay, &c., we
think you will find the leriodsfrom three to five
years from each other, and that this old fellow
gives you this rap about so often. Would not it
be wise to attend to him ? Would not it be well
to put in the roots of various kinds for your cattle
somewhat liberally ? They are easily raised and
easily preserved, and save abundance of other fod-
der,and inakeyoirr cattle healthy, sleek and ha| py.

" 1 he other mode is a very simple one. It is
using a little machine called a straw cutter. Now,
good friends, and we have one or two of you in
view, )'ou may turn up your noses as much as
you please, and scoff about farming by ma-
chinery and all that. It is a serious and indispu-
table fact that much fodder can be saved by using
a straw cutter. Enough in one year to pay for
the machine and the using of it. It has been
tried out and out by those who are well qualified
to try the thing, and who would have no interest
in making a false report, and they abundantly con-
firm the above statement, and yet how many do
you su| pose there are who have one, or ever
thought of having one? Sjeak to some farmers
in the country about a straw cutter and they will
ted you, " Phoo I my cattle can eat as much hay as
I can give them." True, and at the same time
waste one third as much as they cat. In common
years this waste is not heeded, but it is a waste
nevertheless, and once in three or five years some
of you feel it most sensibly."

New York American Silk SociETy — A soci-
ety, having for its object the introduction and
extension throughout the country of the knowl-
edge and practice of cultivatiug and raising mul-

berry trees, of feeding and managing silk worms
and reeling silk froiri cocoons in the most approved
method.

The importance of this knowledge will appear
from the fact that the nett profit of land d<iVoted to
the culture of Silk, is double, if not triple, to that
derived from any other crop which can be put
upon it, it is also a fiict, that every moderate farm-
er can raise several hundred dollars worth of silk,
without interfering with his ordinary agricultural
operations. But in order to avail himself of this
facility to obtain competency and wealth, which our
soil and climate have given him, he nuist possess
himself of information on the subject — for with-
out it his attempts will be fruitless. It is, there-
fore, tlie object of the Committee to diffuse this
information as extensively as possible.

This Society was formed in this city on the
15th of May, 1835. — Lo7ig Island Star.

[(■'orttie New England Farmer,]
THE SEASON.

Vegetation has come forward in the course of
the last week with imcxam|iled rapidity. Trees
were in their fullest bloom on Friday the 29th ult.,
and on Wednesday succeeding the fruit was visi-
ble,— Cherries, Gooseberries, and Currants are
quite forward, the grass has come forward promis-
ing well, but should judge not so well as on an
average for the last seven or eight years: our pas-
tures are very backward as all will be able to dis-
cover by the high price given for poor butter ; we
must have patience for one week long' r before we
can have it in perfection, as the season has left the
pastures, if nothing else, ten days in arrears.
Se?ds have come np remarkably well and quick
(I only speak of such as I had from the New
England Seed Store), and if the warm weather
continues the Farmers work will press heavily
upon him for a while.

June 4th, 1835. F.

(For ttie New England Farmer.)
SAVEET FLAG.

Mr Fessenden — Permit me to suggest to the
readers of your valuable paper, what I consider
a partial extermination for the growth of the Sweet
Flag. It has been my practice for years past, in
the month of June, in one of those what the
farmers call a scalding hot day, to mow and rake
them from the jlace, and the growth of the grass
afterwards gets the better of the flag, leaving not
more than I should choose to give a who esome
fragrance to the hay. The experiment is not a
hazardous one, and the gain is well worth the
cost. F.

The Crops. — From Chester, Lancaster, Bucks,
Berk aud Northampton countiis Peun., in as
also from the upper part of New .lersey, we have
favorable reports of the crops of grain. Also
from Delaware and the eastern shore of Maryland.
Our recent advices from Richmond, Va. are rather
of a discouraging character. In some sections of
the country, the Hessiau Fly are committing sad
ravages. — Long Island Star.

The Wheat crop in Virginia, it is admit-
ted will, from the effect of the severe winter and
the fly combined, be one third less than last year.
Col. Taylor advises to put in as large a crop of
corn as possible, as this indigenous, invaluable
grain of our country, is as he justly says, " meal,
meat, and manure. — lb.

380

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUNE 10, 183?.

[From Transactions of tli3 Essex Agricultural Society^ for 1834
ON COI-Oa IKG.

iCuiicIudt'ii from page 365.]

GIIEEN.

Green is a coinpoiinfl of blue and yellow, and

we have incuicntally mentioned the method of
prodneiiigit, while treating of those colors. With
indigo and quercitron bark, every shade of green
may be given to suit the fancy, following the di-
rections ah-eady given. When greens are pro-
duced on blues dyed by our first method, the blue
part of the color will be most permanent. But
the reverse happens when the saxoii blue is used.
In dyeing silk green, it is thought best to apply
the yellow first. Employing a little logwood and
sulphate of iron (copperas) with the yellow and
blue coloring matters, will change it to a bottle
green.

On Cotton. — Cotton must be |^lulned, &c., as
directed in coloring yellow. This may be done
after it has received the blue by method firsl.
Macerating in a strong decoction of sumach,
should not be omitted in the process. There are
many other compound colors, which may bo more
clieanly produced by a direct ajjplication of color-
ing matters by a single process. Of such we
shall now briefly treat.

CINNAMON COLOR, ETC.

A very lasting cinnamon color may be dyed on
wool, si!k, or cotton, with maple bark and alum.

Hemlock bark, with alum, produces on wool a
lasting bright reddish brown, and on cotton a nan-
kin color, which is less durable. With copperas,
this bark produces drab and s)ate colors.

Butternut bark dyes on wool, without .iny ad-
dition, a durable tobacco brown. With alum it
will be rendered brighter, and niay be fixed on
cotton. With copperas, or iron dissolved in vin-
egar, it comnninicates to wool, linen and cotton a
strong and lasting black ; with alum and copperas
various shades of brown and drab. The bark of
several species of walnut gives, with alum, chest-
nut I>rown ; with copperas, drabs, &c.

Galls. These are excrescences produced upon
several species of oak by the gall fly. Those in
, common use are imported, but our farmers would
do well to try those foimd on their own oaks,
peradventure they may therein discover another
source of income, for unless their use should be
superseded by maple bark, galls will always find a
market. We have ah-eady spoken of their use in
dyeing black. It only remains to notice the light
cinnamon fawn color, which ga!ls, (like many
oilier vegetabli>s that jiroduce black with iron) af-
ford, particularly on cotton, with alum. G'allscom-
municate a durable nankin color to cotton, after
the latter has been macerated in milk, dried,
soaked in alum with one eighth its weight of lime,
afVerwards rinsed, dried and steeped in a decoction
of this vegetable.

The bark of the cherry tree, and that of the
horse chestnut possess the property of producing
a greenish olive, with copperas. And chamomile
flowers are said to dye wool a durable green, widi
sulphate of copper (blue vitriol.)

PREPARATION OF WOOL, ETC FOR COLORING.

To jirepare wool for dyeing, it must bo niacer-
ated in warm water, mixed with one fourth of
stale urine, or in a tepid solution of soap, employ-
ing one pound, with a sufficient quantity of water,
to every twenty pounds of woo!.

New silk is naturally covered with a kiud of
varnish, or gummy substance, and generally tinged
of a yellow color. This must be removed by
boi'ing it with soap and water for one hour and a
half. It is sometimes necessary to whiten it still
further by the fumes of sulphur, to fit it for lively
colors. The sulphur which adheres to it after
this operation, must be removed by soaking and
agitation in warm water.

The art of applying a variety of colors to the
same cloth, cotton, linen or silk, topically, either
by the ]rinting block, types, or the pencil, may be
interesting to some of our fair friends who add to
their accomplishments in the mysteries of house-
wifery, skil in drawing, and a taste for those fine
arts which contribute to the embellishment of
their persons. We therefore subjoin a few di-
rections for

CALICO PAINTING.

Let your cloth be prepared by being well bleach-
ed, washed, dried, smoothed, and spread on a ta-
ble, or stretched on a frame, as may be most con-
venient. Then draw, with the following ))re|iara-
tion, the parts of the figure intended for yellow,
green, or red. Alum, powdered, one ounce, sugar
of lead half an ounce, warm water three ounces
— mix them in a phial, and shake them often for
three days ; afterwards add one scruple of potash,
and one scruple of powdered chalk, let it stand
and settle. Then pour off the clear liquor, and
thicken it with gum arable sufiiciently to prevent
its spreading when applied to the cloth with the
pencil ; add a little powdered charcoal, if you
please, to the mixture, to make the drawings more
visible. Let it then be thoroughly dried by a fire,
heating it as much as can be safely done without
scorching it. Then draw with the following, the
parts of the figure intended to be black. Take
iron filing, turnings, small nails, or iron otherwise
divided into Email pieces, and put them into vine-
gar, with maple bark or galls, sumach berries, and
a little logwood — let them digest till it forms a
very black ink. Mix with this, gum arable, till it
is sufliciently thickened, and apply it wherever
black is wanted, be it on the alnmed parts, or on
those before untouched by that mordant. Dry it
by the fire as before. Do you want blue or green .'
Take indigo one ounce, potash one ounce and a
half, quick lime half an ounce, brown sugar three
ounces, and boil them in three gills of water, till
the mixture loses its blue color and becomes green
or yellow, with a copper colored or blue scum.
Keep it in a well stopped bottle, and when want-
ed for use, pour out a little in a tea cup or wine
glass, and drop slowly into it muriatic acid till it
cease to eflervescc. Then, if it be not sufficient-
ly thickened by the sugar, add gum arable, and
iijiply it to the parts of the alnmed figure which
you intend for green, and to j)arts not alnmed, in-
tended to be made blue. Dry again as before.
If a dark olive be jireferred to a black, or desired
as additional color, dissolve half an ounce of cop-
peras in three ounces of water, and thicken it with
gum arable, and let it be applied to such parts as
you wish'slionld assume this color. Sulphate of
copper, (bine vitriol) used in the same manner,
will give an olive inclining to yellow. In like
manner other mordants may be applied, and a
great variety of colors proilueed, by subsequently
immersing it in a decoction of one or more dye-
stuffs, as directed below. The cloth must now be

soaked in warm water, in which a little ox gall
has been infused, and rinsed out, without rubbing,
till the gum and loose particles of matter applied
by the pencil, are washed out. Let it now be im-
mersed in a decoction of quercitron bark, as di-
rected for a yellow dye, and afterward dipped in
a mixture of warm water and powdered chalk, or
weak lime water, and it will be found that the
parts alumed have become a bright yellow, the
alnmed parts to which the indigo was applied
have become green, the indigo on other parts re-
maining blue, the black unchanged, other colors
produced on those parts upon which other mor-
dants have been applied, and the remainder of the
cloth slightly stained with the bark, which, how-
ever, will be readily removed by washing with
cold or warm water, or by boiling it with
water mixed with bran, and then slightly bleach-
ing it in the sun and air on the grass. If you wish
an addition of red, it may be now applied to the
white or yellow parts in the following manner.
Take alum two scruples, sugar of lead one scru-
ple, nitro-muriate or murio-sulphate of tin one
scruple, cochineal two scruples, water three oun-
ces— boil them together, thicken with gum arable,
and apply it with a pencil as suits your fancy : on
the yellow it will produce a scarlet, and on the
white, crimson. Jf instead of using the quer-
citron bark, you dye the cloth with madder, or
Nicaragua wood, the alumed parts will become
red, the indigoed purple, &c.

'I he preceding essay has been carefully though
hastily conipiled from Bancroft's Philosophy of
permanent colors, and several other treatises on
coloring, of good authority. Many of the meth-
ods directed we liave proved correct, by experi-
ments of our own, and we confidently recom-
mend them to all interested. If the directions
given be carefully followed, we doubt not any of
the above colors will be obtained in a good de-
gree of perfection. Good dyestuffs, of the kinds
mentioned, will lie indispensable to success. To
distinguish the true quercitron from the bark of
other oaks which nearly resemble it, you will do
well to soak a small jiiece of it either in your
mouth or in warm water, and dip it in the murio-
sulphate or other solution of tin. If it bo the
right kind, it will instantly show the brilliant yel-
low which it gives to cloths.

WOOIi.

Col. Shepherd, of Worcester, (formerly of North-
ampton) was present at the late wool-growers'
meeting in Shelburne, and made some statements
in regard to the present state and prospect of the
market, which will probably be generally inter-
esting.

He estimated the amount of wool raised last
year in the United States, at 75,000,000 pounds.
Ihere were imported during the same year three
millions and a half of coarse wool, under eight
cents per jionnd, and thirtyfour thousand pounds
of fine wool. In the same period, about 3.50,000
pounds of American were exported, leaving about
78,000,000 manufactured in this country. In ad-
dition to, the above, wool was imported in the
shape of manufactured cloth, to the amount of
about 6,000,000 pounds. The whole amount of
wool consumed then was 84,000,000.

He expressed it as his opinion, that the next clip
would bring as high prices as the last, for the fol-
lowing reasons : He had taken pains to ascertain
the amount of cloth and of wool which were now

VOIi. Xin. NO. 48.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

881

in the market ; and he had ascertained that the
stoclis of both were extremely low — much lower
than they were at the same time last season. He
imputed the late importation of foreign wool, not
to the alleged conspirac-y among the manufac-
turers to depress the price of native wool, but to
the fact that the market was nearly bare of stock,
and they were thus obliged to go abroad for it. He
said that the manufacturers had done a profitable
business during the past year, and the result would
be a considerable extension during the next, which
would correspondingly increase the demand for
the raw material. During the last twelve months
new machinery capable of manuftcturing two
millions of pounds of wool per annum, h.id been
set up in Worcester county and its vicinity alone.
Believing then that the demand for manufacture
and consumption had been and would be rather in
advance of the production, he inferred that the
current prices of wool would at present be sus-
tained. He alluded to the fact that thirty orforty
thousand pounds of fine American wool had been
exported during the past year. This speculation
he said, had proved a profitable one : the wool
was of a long, fine staple, and was meant to be
used in the manufacture of merino shawls.

Col. Shepherd stated some interesting facts in
relation to the early stages of the wool manufac-
ture in this state. His attention was first attract-
ed to the subject in 1808, by noticing tlie flimsy,
trashy imported stuff, the superior finish of which
enabled it to drive out of the market our coarse
and strong home-made cloth. In 1809, he bought
all the native wool which was to be found in Bos-
ton and its vicinity, with a view to use it in the
manufacture of negro cloths. He gave from 33 to
42 cents per pound for it, and it shortly afterwards
rose to 50. in 1810 he procured from Col. Hum-
phreys a buck and eleven ewes from tlie first flock
of Spanish mcrinoes im|)orted into this country.

In 1818, in conjunction with the late Gov. Gray,
he imported Saxony bucks from Hamburgh, at a
cost of about $100 each. Since first starting in the
business, though unfortunate in the pecuniary re-
sult of his own exertions, he bad bad the pleasure
of seeing the wool culture and manufacture ex-
tending itself widely, striking firm root and add-
ing millions to the wealth of the country.

We observe by Col. Shepherd's circular that he
has taken a building in Worcester for the transac-
tion of a commission business in American wool,
his charges being at the rate of two and a half
per cent on all sales. — Franklin Mercury.

SILK CUI.TIIRE.

The following in answer to a letter from Judge Spen-
cer, published on p.nge 338 of our current volume, pre-
sents vnUiablc information, and, logetliRr with tiie ad-
dress to which this is a reponse, affords gratifying proof
that our men of the first talents, and of the highest
standing in the community ace employing their influence
and directing their mental powers to the due develope-
mentof a branch of economy, destined to become a co-
pious source of national as well as of individual pros-
perity.

Geneva, May 12lh., 1335.
To the Hon. Artilirose Spencer.

Dear Sir — The honor j'ou have done me by
associating my name with yours, in a late letter
on silk and the mulberry tree would be most fitly
acknowledged by my rendering some useful ser-
vice, if I were able, to the cause of public iui-

I'rovement. Having, however, nothing of my
Own to offer, 1 have taken a few days since your
letter, to gain information of the mulberry plan-
tations which have sprung up in this neighbor-
hood, in consequence of the report, which, as
chairman of the conmiittee on agriculture, you
presented to Congress on this subject. And I de-
sire to address to you publicly the result of this
information, limited as it i.s, for several reasons ;
— that the public may be [irepared for the great
chantre in this branch of production which I
verily believe is approaching ; — that producers
may feel confidence in having a staple market
such as any large product will always connnand,
though one more limited, may perish for the want
of it; — that you personally, may see more of
the fruit of your labors; — and generally, that
those who labor for the public good may have
another example of successful effort, and may
know that their names are oflen blessed by thous-
and whom they never hear of.

Within a circle of twenty miles round this
place, there are the means of entering upon the
culture of silk almost immediately, and upon an
extensive scale. One plantation of mulberry, if
I am rightly informed, contains si.xteen acres.
There are very considerable nurseries of young
trees for sale. Two gentlemen of this village
have young plantations for use ; and I have ap-
plications, since your letter, for information, for
seeds, &c., on the mistaken idea that I know
something about the matter. Finally, it may be
useful to know that a Mr Loomis, of the " Se-
neca Castle," in this town, an early settler and a
revolutionary soldier, has a noble avenue planted
with white mulberry tree-s, nearly fifty years old,
and which will probably give seed enough in the
fidi to supply any supposeable demand. If other
parts of the country are awake to this subject in
any corresponding degree, there seems no reason
to doubt but we are on the point of beginning
another great branch of production, and one
which will lead to important changes in trade,
manufacture and consumption.

You mention that silk has been cultivated in
the eastern parts of Connecticut since the year
1760, and you adduce facts to show that there is
no mystery in the production ; and that now, so
soon as American ingenuity was applied to the
subject, all mystery has disappeared from the jno-
eess of reeling, also. The great difficidty with
every new branch of agricultmal product, is an
apprehension that there is something in it requir-
ing peculiar art and skill, and therefore that in
new bauds it is peculiarly liable to failure. Such
opinions are ot^cn encouraged by an air of quack-
ery in books that teach the art. I desire, there-
fore, to add a word on these points.

I did suppose (but have not time to examine)
that there were scraps of history which showed
that the British Government, or perhaps ])lanta-
tion companies or proprietors, had introduced the
culture of silk in this country earlier than the
date you refer to. But this I know, that I have
hcar,l the whole process described by old people,
when I was a child, and I think this recollection
of mine must go back nearly to the peace of
1783. The important point however is, that as
they stated, the whole process— raising, reeling,
dyeing and weaving — was so very easy, that a
young woman could make herself a silk gown as
easily as one of linen or flannel; (cotton was not

then in domestic use,) and that the young women
of that part of Connecticut where silk was raised,
were often dressed, in those times in silks which
were, throughout, of their own nianufacture. In
mentioning this to Mr Loomis, (to whom 1 have
before referred,) he confirmed the fact from his
own recollection, and added that whenever they
made sewing silk, it was eagerly bought up in
])reference to any other. When now we consider
that according to Mr D'llomergue, the | roduct
might be doubled in amount by skilful reeling, the
real cheapness of the article becomes quite aston
ishing. What then shall we say to the additional
fiict, to which you have referred in your publish-
ed papers, that almost all the work may be done
by hands not cajiable of hard labor ; by women,
cliildren, persons in weak health ; by female and
other feeble convicts in prison? In some papers
which I published in 1830, on State Prisons, &c.,
the subject was refi?rred to as means of employ-
ment at Sing Sing, and as having been suggested
by an intelligent assistant keeper there.

I have today conversed with an intelligent
neighbor, who has both lately and formerly seen
the mulberry cultivated in hedges, slashed down
and kept so low that the leaves may be plucked
by persons standing on the ground. Another ol
my neighbors has a small nursery, consisting
v/holly of young trees produced from cuttings;
and from those young trees he has again given
me many hundred cutting.s, which I have set with
a view to a nursery of my own. Allow me to
close this letter by stating summarily from known
facts, (though not exactly from my personal expe-
rience) the great advantages of such hedges.

1. The young mulberry sends out side and bot-
tom shoots very beautifully.

2. The prunings of those, will furnish cuttings
or scions for hedges ; and those hedges will fur-
nish a considerable supply of leaves the next year
and in three or it)ur years be as high as a man can
reach. The more they are tojiped down, the more
side shoots.

3. I am assured that a thick set hedge of mul-
berry will effectually turn large cattle ; though I
doubt whether it will, when old, be thick enough
bottom to prevent snjall animals from passing
through it.

4. By planting hedges six or eight feet apurt,
and keeping them not more than six or seven feet
high, I think it plain that the ground will produce
vastly tnore leaves than could be got fiom large,
trees, set orchard-wise.

5. In this way the rearing of a few worms may
be begun the second year, and be most rapidly in-
creased subsequently. 1 su[ipose, too, the leaves
of these young branches must be the most juicy,
and tender.

6. If the hedges, when they become old, are
liable to auy objections whatever, new ones can be
made with vast ease between the old rows, which
then may be rooted up.

I am, dear Sir, with great respect and
friendship, yours, &c.

Sam. M. HoPKiws.

The Maine Farmer, says, Caj t. Jo^n Haines of
Readfield, has discovered that a little tar, laid on
tlie backs of cattle in spots will kill or drive ofl"
all lice. If so, this is much better than unguen-
tum, or other mercurial ointments, or tobacco
juice, which will injure the cattle.

382

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

gsF^mii.afiB' :s^m.m^^:>

UOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVKMNG, JU,\E10, 1835.

FARMERS' AVORK FOR JUNE.

Soiling Cattle. — Soiling is a teim applied to ilie
practice of cutting herbage crops green for feeding
or fattening livestock. We have repeatedly discussed
this subject in the course of our editorial labors, and
given ihe opinions of our best practical farmers that, in
this country, owing to the high price of labor, and the
comparative chenpness of laud, soiling to any consider-
able extent cannot be carried into efl'ect with that re-
gard to economy, which is the polar star, while theory
is too often the ignis fatuvs of agriculture. It may not
be amiss, however, to attend a little once more to the
advantages and disadvantages of this mode of feeding,
and having looked again al both sides, we shall be the
better able to discern the right side of the question.

The celebrated Arthur Young observes, that " It is a
question which demands the young farmer's v-'ry se-
rious attention, whether he should comply with the
more common custom of feeding off cerlain crops, or
whether he should determine to persue the soiling sys-
tem of mowing and giving them green in the stables,
stalls, yards, &c. Considering the decisive superiority
of the latter mode of consumption, there is not a fact
in husbandry which ought to create so much sui prise as
the general custom, all over the kingdom, of feeding
cows, young cattle, oxen, bullocks, &c. in the field"
and the almost general practice of managing the teams
in the same way. Enlightened farmers have in many
districts adopted this system for horses, but still reject
it for cattle ; and it will probably take a century to nn-
dcr it as universal as it might be, most profitably. The
objections to it are not of any importance, even if stated
in the strongest manner; it has been argued that the
expense is an object ; and that cattle will not thrive so
well, nur will cows give so much milk as if fed in the
field. That the expense is something, cannot be denied,
but that it amounts to anything considerable, is contrarv
to fact. Mr Mure fed 240fattingoxen, in sheds through a
whole summer by the mowing of one scythe ; if the at.
lendiince upon the beasts be added to this amount, the
whole will evidently come to a sum, which when di-
vided either p jr head or per acre, will be so low as to
do entirely away this objection. These beasts were all
sold fat at Smithfield, and did as well as similar beasts
had done, when fed abroad in the most favorable sea-
sons, and better than in any summer not 'remarkably
favorable. I practised it for several years together very
carefully for fatting cattle, weighing alive periodically,
both while in stalls and when at grass, and I found that
in soiling they throve better than when abroad." * • *
" Every one knows how tormenting flies are to cattle
whenabroad; ride into a field in summer to look at
slock, and where do you find them > Not feeding, but
standing or resting under trees, in ponds, in riverj, and
if there Is no be'ter shelter, in ditches under brambles ;
m a word anywhere but feeding in. the open air. What
they graze is in the morning and evening ; and in many
cases they lose in the heat of the day all they gain at
those moments of their comfort. To this supeiiorily
we must add that of the main object, which is the dung-
hill ; in one case this is accumulated in a degree cvi n su-
perior to what is efiected in winter ; in the other it is
scattered about the pastures,and nine-tenths of it carried
off by the fiieS, or dried almost to
in the sun."

On the other hand Mr Bartliolomow

JTTNE 10, 1S3£'.

bandmen," observes, "You read much in our English
publications of the excellency of soiling cattle in the
house during the whole of the year. I do not approve
of this practice, for it is surely an unnatural one, as air
and exercise and the selection of their own food must
benefit cattle, as other animals are benefitted by them. I
can say, from actual experience of the two systems, that
CKlUe thrive mvck better in the fields during the period
from the middle of May to the middle of November,
than they do when confined in a house."

The fact is, that soiling and pasturing at large may
both be practised by most farmers to good advantage.
On all farms under correct management a part of the
food for some sorts of stock is cut and given to the ani-
mals green, in yards, racks or stables, and this consti-
tutes what is technically called soiling. Working horses
and oxen and milch cows are often fed in that way in
part, with less trouble, as well as with more economy
than in letting them always run at large in pastures
where they are apt to be out of the way when wanted.
Some precautions are necessary in feeding animals with
green fodder. They should not be indulged with too
much food at a time, and it should never be such as has
been lying in a heap till it has become hot, because in
such case it is not only difficult of digestion but apt to
cause inflammatory and putrid disorders.

Mr Lawrence, an English writer, advi-es farmers to
keep a digesting place for cattle ; that is, a piece of
short grass where they can find but little to eat, and
must consequently use sufficient exercise in getting it.
This is good coun.sel, and whenever an animal has been
injured by excess in eating, or is suff-ering in conse-
quence of having eaten food of a bad quality, let it be put
on a scanty allowance in a short pasture.

a caput mortuuvi

15udd,an Eng-
lish agriculturist of eminence, in a letter to John Hare
Powel, Esq., published in " Hints for American Ilus-

[[•'or the New England Farmer.]
SILK COMPANIES.

The Editor of the Cultivator, I think, wrongly esti-
mates the eStcts of associations for carrying on the silk
business. He says, " We are afraid that laige establish-
ments with corporate powers, will tend rather to retard
than to encourage this branch of rural labor, except in
their immediate neighborhood, where it can be made
subservient to their cupidity."

These remarks might be applicable to some branches
of business, but are danger.ius and discouragino-
to the success of the silk manufacture in tiis country,
1 believe that "associated capitalists" cannot invest
their money to bettei account, for the benefit of the
community than to erect manufactories of silk, and es-
tablish plantations of inulberiy trees in order to supply
those manufactories. The brandies of domestic indus-
try, which are preparatory and indispensable to the suc-
cessful prosecution of the concerns of large silk
manufactories, will give support to thousands of chil-
drin, infirm persons, &-c., who would otherwise be
without employment. The field is large enough for
individuals to labor in without interfeiing with, or beino-
incommoded by those who work in companies. There
cannot, for a century, be such competition as to reduce
the price or lessen tiie demand for silk. On the contra-
ry large establishments will encourage and reward
those who do no more than furnish mulberry leaves
for silk worms or cocoons fit for reeling, Ac, which.may
be done in the family of every farmer. In our humble
opinion Congress ciinnot apply money to better purpose
than by granting a bounty upon every 100 pounds of
silk reeled in the United States. 1 am particularly op-
posed to such companies as would have a tendency to
introduce monopolies, or discourage or destroy individ-
ual industry or enterprise, but say " go ah -ad" to those

men of wealth and enterprise, who unite their talents
and influence, and raise a joint fund for the purpose of
creating such a great staple commodity as may be done
hy establishing, and rendering common in the United
States, the silk business in all its branches.

PoBLic Good,
By the Editor.
We are and hope always shall be on the side of
"Public Good." There is a great advantage in the
iinion aswell asin the division of labor, and both of
these may be best introduced in large manufactories,
where money and mind can be brought to bear on the
same objects. The following remarks of Dr Johnson
are good authority as well as good sense.

" Boyle has observed, that the excellency of manu-
factures, and the facility of labor would be much pro-
moted if the various expedients and contrivances
which lie concealed in private hcinds, were by recipro-
cal communications made generally known ; for there
are few operations that are not performed by one or
other with some peculiar advantages, which though
singly of little importance, would by conjunction and
concurrence open new inlets to knowledge, and give
new powers to diligence."

These "expedients and contrivances" for giving
" new powers to diligence," would surely be more apt to
be developed as well as more easily made generally
known, and the inventors would have a better chance to
be rewarded fir iheir ingenuity in large manufactories,
than where solitary workmen were laboring in seclu-
sion. Some of the labors preparatory to the manufac-
ture of silk require little capital and less skill ; such as
propagating the mulberry, gathering the leaves, raising
and feeding the worms, &c. These can be performed in
every family, and by every individual who hag hands,
eyes, and is capable of moderate locomotion. The high-
er branches of the art require accomplished artizansand
that union of capital and intellect which is most likely
to be found in associated companies. But, without
such companies the individuals adverted to would find
less encouragement, because they could not produce
the perfected articles of the first class, or at least could
not afford them at the common market price.

We do not see how any objection can be raised
against silk societies, which will not as well apply to
agricultural societies, or any other societies in which
improvement is the object. The cotton planter might
as rationally oppose cotton factories, as the farmer ob-
ject to silk factories, for which he does or may furnish
materials to be wrought upon. In both cases to use a
homely but expressive phrase, the opponents to facto-
lies " quarrel zoith their own bread and butter."

.MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

TLOWEKS EXHIBITED.

SaturJay, June fi, 1835.

William Carter, Botanic garden Cambridge. —
Paionias Moutan, officinalis, corallina, mutabilis ; Sy-
ringa chinensis, and other varieties; Papaver orientale,
and bracicatum ; Iris germanica, and other varieties •
Rosa feroi. Double Scotch, and other varieties &c.

Mr Joseph .Morton, Milton.— Double flowerin<r
Cherry.

Messrs Hovey.— Petunia phcenicea ; and 20 varieties
of Geraniums.

John A. Kenrick, Newton. — Pieonia paradoxa,
arietina, whitleji, moutan, banksii, and pqpaverac-
cea; Aznlia nudiflora ; and three other varieties. Haw-
thorn double white, and Scarlet flowering,

Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyaid. — Double
flowering Oleander ; Tea and other varieties of Hoses;

VOL. Xllt. NO. 48.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

383

Lupins; Fumaria; Pyrethrum parthenium pi. ; Verbe-
na maliiidiis; Iris, grand purple and yellow; Ruellia
forinosa ; Ranunculus ; Geraniums ; Delphiniums ;
Tulips, &c.

John Waters.— A remarkably large Snow Ball flower,
22 inches iri circumference.

S. Walker, Roxbury.— Columbines, three varieties ;
Pteonias, two varieties ; Lychnis floscuculi ; Sassifraga ;
Double Flowering white Rocket ; Iris, two varieties ;
Veronica gentinoides; Ranunculus; Phlo.'c; Valerian;
Persian and white Lilac ; Panseys— Mary, Queen of
Scots, maculatum, alba, Daniel Webster, Mrs
Wirt, Walker's gigantea, Carter's Prince of Orange,
William IV. and Maiden's Blush.
For the Committee.

JoNA. WiNSHip, Chairman.

Huge Dandelion.— Mr G. Pierce exhibited in the
Boston Market, Stall No. 90, a Dandelion, which
weighed 4| pounds.

FANEUIL HALL VEGETABLE MARKET,

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 1835.

Asparagus 6 cciiu per bunch— Radishes 3 cen(s per hunch
— Lclluce 3 cents per head— Greens from 2.5 lo 50 cents per
bushel— Rhubarb 8 cents per lb.— Onions 6J cents her bunch-
Cucumbers (roin 12.J to 17 cents apiece.

HEIFERS FOR SALE.

For sale in Ro.xbury, a pair of Tvvhi Heifers, 3 years old
next August. Tliey look preuisrly alike, and are ofa line size.
Inquire of Col. Wyman. or Mr Fisher, at his Hotel in Ko.\bury

The mother of the above mentioned Heifers was a twin ami
during twelve years from May 13, 182^2, to May, 1833, had
and raised sevemcen calves.

June 10. CATHARIIVE BL.^NEY, Ro.vbury.

FOR s.^£.e:>

4t the Ten Hills Stork Farm, 12 Mules, two years old, sired
\V imported .Maltese Jacks.

Also, a lull-blooded Devonshire Bull, 3 years old— a very
;ood animal. Also, a full blooded Devonshire Cow, 2 years
>ld ; both from imported stock.
Charleslfcwn, June 10. SAMUEL JAQUE.S.

FLOWER POTS.

The subscriber has for sale at his polterv in Danvers, a new
lyle of Flower Pots. Samples of the Pots may be seen at
he Agricultural Wareh<iuse, No. 51, North Market street
m-' 10- 31. MILES OSBORN.

DRY GOODS AT REDUCED PRICES.

The subscriber intending leaving this part of the country for
(he South about the 1st of August next. ofTers for sale the
whole ol his extensive slock of Foreign and Domestic Goods
au( ease of the store No. -H I Wasliinglon st —and the ,sto( k
will he sold at verj reduced prices at retail until closed, amon"-
which are the following varieties, viz i °

Broadcloths, Cassinieres, Athenian Cassiinere, Rouen Cas-
siniere, Athenian Camlets, Sfc.

4 bales of superior Welch, English and American Flannels.
Some ol them are very superior, and are warranted not lo
shrink HI wash ng.

2 bales of Angola Flannel, an excellent article for summer
wear,

1 bale Domet Flannel, 4 do col'd American do.
■Idocol'd Doniets,

3 cases of superior English Cambric Dimoties,

1 do. d(i Furniture Diniotv,

1 do col'd Poullde Sole Silk, alSsperyd, of an excellent
quality,

Ca.ses Irish Linens of superior quality,
do English and American Prints,
do and bales of brown and hleached Shirtings
do of white Cambric and Cambric Muslins, '
■ c^n "[."'^''OP Lawns, from 20 cents to 5s 3d per vard
IWJO ps Nat km and Canton Straw Carpeting, '

Cases of T.iylor's Persian Spool Cotton, al'Ss per dozen or
6 cents per spool, warranted of very superior quality '

Cases of Spool Cotton at Gd per' dozen,
I case of open work cotton Hose at Is per pair,
Cases of 4-4 and 6-4 Bohbinel Lares, fm 9d to'ss 3d per yd

1 case Grecian do. superior quality, at 2s per yard

f 'n?'u,''^f'l'^^'"='''''^'*'^"'' 8-4-avery durable article
lor Table Cloths,

2 cases India and English Silk Hdkfs.

2 do col'd Table Cloths, a,sorted sizes,
1 do col'd bordered cotton hdkfs. ; imitation L. C at 9d

each.

I case Linen hdkfs. 4 do American Sewing Cotton
5 bales Russia Crash,

3 cases Linen ami Cotton Tapes, 1 do. English Pins,
7 hales of Tickings, assorted qualities— and a great variety

ol other goods, which will be sold in proportioiT.

, „ ELIAB STONE iiREVVER,

•'""'' ■'■ 414 Washington street.

TRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

DISHLEY SHEEP.

To be sold at .Auction at Bkighton, on .'\Iondav.June 22,
itl2 o'clock M.— ■" '

15 ewes and 2 ewe lambs,

4 bucks and 3 ram lambs.
The old ones were expressly procured for the subscriber
y R. G. Ncwmarrh, Esq. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and
•ere ohiained fropi the flocks of Mr I. Bates and Mi Robert
'urry celebrated breeders in Northumberland, E. They have
een kept entirely separate from any other sheep, nnri war-
intcd pure blood. ENOCH SILSBY,

j"i"'3. 5t West Bradford, Ms.

FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

An excellent Farm containing 70 acres, situated in Marlbo
lugh. Mass., with a house and bsrn theseon.for sale, or would
s exchanged for property in the rity of Bo.slon. For terms
id pnrlirnlars inquire of G. C. P.ARRETT at this office, or
. B. PROCTOR, Esq of said Marlborough. 6m.

SILK COCOOJtfS AV ANTED.

rhe subscriber, encouraged by the late an of the Legisl::-
re lo reel and throw .\merican Silk, wishes to purchase at
e Agricultural Warehouse in Boston, Silk Coroons, and will
■y J?3 jer bushel for the best, ami in proportion for poorer
es. [m6] G. C. ISARREI'T.

LIGHTNING CON..UCTORS.

Dr King informs his friends and the public tha- he contin-
s to prepare and aftix to buildings bis improved Lightning
indnrtors. They arc approved by all practical and well
brmed Electricians, in alfording superior protection against
ghtiiing lo the od form. Gentlemen in want of Lightning
)nductors are invited to call at his rooms, .No. 54 Cornhill,
iston. where the}' may be satislicd of the superior eflt-cts of
; Rods, by illustration — where also may be had, Plate and
dinder Eleclriral .Machines, Galvanic Baltcries and their
paralus— all warranted tif the best workmanship and supe-
r power. Prices reasonable, for cash or approved credit.
may 20.

VALUABLE \VORK ON AGRICULTURE.

This Day pulilished by Gfo. C. Barkett, THE COM-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. ByT.

G. Fessendem. Second edition, revised and improved bu the
Author, with considerable additions.

The lirst ed'tion i> as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent for a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendations to public palronage, and cannot fail to prove still
more useful lo the community of cultivators.

This work has met with decided and universal approbation
from the most competent judges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of Ihc Hon. John
Lowell and Rev. Henry Colman. The Editors of Ihe
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the .Maine
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, .^-c. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to publish
those of the other gentlemen who have honored the work with
their approbation.

" Roxburij, jlpril 0, 1S5^.
' Having perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq, in its first
edition, and having recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory to a second edition, I am of opinion that it is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know that tho sci-
e; ce of Agriculture is so extensive as to fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such an a-
bridgement full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But I know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more instruction in so small
a compass than this work of Mr' Fessenden.

"iS .John Lowell."

GRAPE VINES.
A few hundred prime Isabella and Catawba Grape Vines
for sale by Jonathan Boyce, Market Street, Lynn,
march 25

NANKIN &, CANTON STRA'W CARPETING.

Eliab Stone BI:E^VER, No. 414 Washington street, has
constanlly on hand a large assortment of Straw Carpclin'", ol
various qualilies and widths, among which are —
2.500 yards superfine Nankin, fi-4
2000 do. do. do. 5-4

3500 do. Canton do. 6-4
4500 do. do. do. 5-4

lease German Table Mats, a new and superfine
article. Apri 1.

Apples, . . . . ' .

Beans, white,

Beef, mess, (new)

Cargo, No. 1. . . ' .

prime, ....
ISeeswax, (American) . . ' .
Butter inspected, No. 1, .
Cheese, new milk, . . . .
Feathers, northern, geese, .

soutliern, geese,
Flax, American, . . . .
Flaxseed, . ,

Flour, Genesee, . . cash .
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
soutliern yellow
while,
Rye, northern,
Barley, . , . .

Oals.'nor hern, . (prime)
Hay, best English, . . . .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, ....

Honey,

Hops, 1st quality

2d (|uality ....
Lard, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, 1st sort.
Leather, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole, . ,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .

Lime, host sort

Pork, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .
Navy, mess, ....
hone, mifldlings.
Seeds, Herd's Grass,

Red Top, . . . '

Red Clover, northern.
While Dutch Honeysuckle, .
Silk CocooNS, (.American)

Tallow, tried

Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4lhs do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed
c C Pulled superfine,
c ~' Isl Lambs, .

•£:S^2d do. . .

o i. 3d do,
^ [ Isl Spinning, .
Southern pulled wool is generally 5 cts.
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
bairel

bushel

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
It

pound

bushel
cwt.
Jiound

KBOM

3 50

1 G2

13 00

11 50

9 00

20

16

8

40

35

10

I 33

6 50

650
6 37
93
K7
85
95

52
19 50

15 00

16 00
37
13

11

9

19

12

16
IS

27
25

1 00
21 00
16 00

225

75

8

25

2 00
7 50

70
60
55
45
40
38
60
45
30
25
35

5 00
2 50

13 50

13 00

9 50

22

10

9

43

39

II

I 37

6 62

6 75

650

95

88

87

I 00

56

21 00
18 00
18 00

42
14

12

10
20
14
18

20
29
27

1 05

22 00
16 50

2 37
87

9
03
300
800
85
65
60
50
45
60
65
50
S3
30
40

PROVISION MARKET.

Hams, norlhern,
southern,
Pork, whole hogs,
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) .

lump
Eggs,
Potatoes,
Cider,

retail prices.

pound

12

*•

7A

tt

S

"

10

li

20

"

2t

dozen

15

bushel

5(1

barrel

3 00

13
S

7
14
22
28
IS
55
3 50

SEED CHENANGO POTATOES.

500 bushels superior quality for planting, from Penobscot
river,forsalebyG. C;URriS,'No. 101 Faenuil Hall .Market.
may 20.

BRIGHTON MARKET,-Mondav, June 8, 1835. •

Keporteil furtlie Daily Advertiser &. Patriot.

At Market, 270 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs Workintr Oxen,
20 Cows and Calves, 70 Sheep, and C2 Swine. °

Prices.— Beef Ca«/c— Extra, a few at 41s ; good 363
a 39 and 40s ; fair to middling 30 and 333 and 343 6d.
About 30 head unsold.

Workini; Oxen— Sales were noticed at SCO, 72, 80,
120, and $100.- P . . .

Coios and Calves— ^a\es at f 18, 2G 50, 31, 35 and 50.

Sheep — Sales unknown.

Swine — 7 for sows and 8 for barrows.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEED.

Just rereived at the New England Seed Store, 51 * 52
North Market street,

A quaiuity of fresh and genuine While — ulberry-seed, from
one of the greatest —ulberry Orchards in Connecticut, warrunt-
ed new and good, directions accomiiaiiving each parkare.

Dec 13, 1834. GEorC. BARRETT.

884

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JTTNB 10, 1S39.

mi.KS&w&^-t&'s^w.

"FIFTEEN MI3SUTEg BEFORE THE TIME."

If tliere is any one principle to wliicli the for-
mation of my character has been cliiefly indel)ted,
it is to this tnotto of a distinguished naval com-
mander. Nobody ever waited for Lord Nelson.
He made it an invariable rule to be present at ev-
ery appointment, and to be ready for every en-
terprise at least fifteen miuiUes before the time,
and to wait rather imjiatiently the arrival of the
moment allotted for acti(jn. When the hour had
fully come, and the delay of others rendered it
inexpedient to proceed, he looked upon his own
obligation as cancelled, withdrew immediately
from the place of rendezvous, and no inducement
could ever prevail upon him to return.

The lesson inculcated by this motto, is to be in
time for every duty. It should be the standard
principle of every man who has any regard to
himself, or any regard to those with whom he
acts, to be truly punctual to all his engagements.
To himself it is a rule of incalculable importance,
aiid applies to every occupation and every pur-
suit. The ancients represented time under the
siiuilitude of an old man, with a single lock upon
his forehead, gravely but steadily approaching an
assembled multitude — aud whoever seized this
lock, and held him by it, was borne onward with
the most assured i)ledge that could be given, of
future success. But if any suffered him to pass
tliem, he spread the wings, which till then were
concealed behind him, and flew away with a
rapidity which rendered pursuit utterly vain.
Hence the homely adage, "Take time by the
forelock." Better be fifteen minutes too early
than one too late. Too late ! Alas, what a
crowd of sensations cluster around that ill-omened
phrase! The disappointments how numerous I
The disasters how sad ! The consequences, O
who can trace them, as they reach through all fu-
ture time and embosom themselves in the abyss
of eternity !

The imi)ortancc to one's self of being before
the time, may, perhaps, be more clearly illustrated
by an example. I have in my eye a young man
who was my classmate in college. There was
nothing in tlie structure of his mind or in its de-
velo|)oment peculiarly striking. It seemed to me
a mind cast in the ordinary mould, with no stamp
upon it of either genius or brilliancy. But I
marked the regularity with which he attended
upon all the duties of the institution. He was
ever before the time in the chapel, the recitation
room, the society's hall, or wherever else there
was a just claim upon his presence and atten-
tion. Nor did he ever oil'er as an excuse that he
was unprepared for any exercise to which he was
properly called. He took time by the forelock,
and had his lessons all thoroughly digested long
before the hour of recit-ation arrived. His essays
were all written a week in atlvatice of the time
when he was expected to read them, and, as leisure
offered, he would freipienlly remodel and rewrite
them. He left nothing to bo done at the eleventh
hour; but carried out the principle of ])UiK-tuality
into every thing that concerned him. The result
was, ho left many of his class lagging behind,
while he pressed onward with increasing energy,
and making every day a sensible increase to his
stock of knowledge. He was at last graduated
with a distinction which ho had not hoped to

attain ; and, without entering into the minute (lar-
ticulars of his after life, sufKce it to say that he
became a minister of the everlasting Gospel,
where he carried out this same jirinciple in his
preparations for the sanctuary, in his family, in his
parochial visitations, and in the meetings of
icclcsiastical councils. Whoever else was be-
hind the time, with him there was but one unde-
viating rule. He was never tardy — never un-
prepared ; and by this means he acquired that
vigor of thought, that energy of style, and pathos
of utterance essentially requisite to distinguished
usefulness, as a herald of the cross. There was
nothing tame, or imbecile, or common-place in
any of his efforts. To himself, then, his habit of
punctuality was amazingly useful. And not less
so to others than to himself This example has
had a powerful influence in procuring a similar
habit among all those who were within its range.
Nor has he failed to impress the duty by those
arguments which every ingenious mind will admit
to be unanswerable. What right have I to cause
a number of men whom I have engaged to meet
at a particular hour, not only to waste their time,
but to become im])atient and fretful by my delay ?
I rob them of that which I can never restore —
the precious hours thus worse than wasted — I set
a pernicious example — I betray an imiJOrtant
trust — 1 tantalize with the sensibility of those
whom I am bound to respect, and cut off a por-
tion of their usefulness. In an individual case,
the loss which I have occasioned may be small,
but in the aggregate, the amount exceeds belief.
— Christian Observer.

ASPARAGUS ROOTS.

FiNE,lar<;e, three 3'enrs oid Uoots of Ihe Dulcti Asparagus
for sale by GEO. C. BAKRETT. aijriJ 15.

PEAR STOCKS, &,c.

A quanlily of good sized l^ear Slocks; Apple Slocks;
While and I'ink Flowering Horse Chesnuts, and Honey Lo-
cusls, ibr sale on very reasonable terms. Apply to

April 29. GEO. C. BARRETT.

FIiOWER SEEDS.

An extensive collection o( splendid Annual, Biennial and
Perennial F'ower Seeds, comprising some new aud choice
variclic!.,for sale by GEO. C. liAltRETT. april 2'-i.

SILVER FIRS, ifcc.

WiLMAM Mann of Bangor, Me. will execute at short no-
tice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, ^c. well packed aud
ui good order, april 8.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. Buckminster's Nursery, Framingham : — Apple
trees, Cherry trees, I'ear trees, I'each trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, at cus-
tomary prices. * march 4.

4000 APPLE TREES

For sale by the subscriber, at Fresh Pond, in Cambridge,
consisting of Baldwins, Russetts, Porters, Rivers, Siberian
Crabs, and Blue Pearmains, The trees are four years from
the bud aud are probably the best in Massachusetts.

JONAS WYETH,

Cambridge. April 8.

YANKEEISMS.

Skerse and skeerse for scarce ; furse for fierce ;
a spunky lad — a pocky tariial critter — both Scotch
in their origin as pawkee. 1 concaite — that's your
idee ; I guess you think yourc putty smart ; you
know considable, dont ye ? She's plaguy mis-
chiev-ous, accent always on the second syllable,
instead of the first. I'm tired some. I ai'nt tired
any. She wont go nor touch to. The mare's
got a colt and she go jiss as she's a mind to ; I'm
putty rugged now — how is't with yourself? — Oh:
I'm cleverly. She's in-vy-otis — accent on the se-
cond syllable. I should admire to go there ; he
looks put out considerable. I should like to borry
your tin pail (or your husband's shirt) if lain't no
piit out to ye. When he's to work he wunt wear
a hat — always wunt for wont and wont for wunt in
New England. J'yge for voyage. Mr A. wants
to know whether you'll let Si come an work with
him one day next week. Who ? — Isiail Jones.
Put to it to help enough myself. That's a terrible
team to travel through for all they're so pore.
Weather cloud up a liltle, and then begins to
scale off. There's no grow to that tree ; no fade
to that calico. I declare you don't look so fleshy
as you used to ; no bigness to you — nothing at
all of ye — as poor as a chicken — had a consider-
able long spat about it. Come, come ! — I'll settle
the hash betwixt ye I — Pesky hard — all of a did-
der— all of a titter — soggy — stubbed — uerly. —
Galaxy.

" Are you going to educate your children," it
was asked of an old German farmer in reimsyl-
vania.

" No : my oldest son learned to write, and he
forged my name,"

The reasoning of the farmer was just, if learn-
ing to write be the whole of education.

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE KESIDEKCE FOR

SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Ptrnshhill turnpike, two miles
from l^oxbury street, containing 16 acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre coniauiing valuable fruits
ttc. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of I he country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm undel
a good state of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulais inquire of Messrs LOT
WHEELRIGHT if SON, 40 Central Wharf, GEORGE
C, BARRKl'Tal this office, or JOSIAH WlLSOiN on the
premises.

IMPROVED SHOUT HORNED STOCK.

To be soUl, a number of fine animals, from li.e breed ol
Denton, Admiral, Wye Comet, &.C, Apply to A, Grekn-
WOOL), on the Welles farm, near Doctor Codman's Meeting-
House, in Dorchester, feb- 25,

WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is well acquainted with his business in al
its branches, and who can procure good recommendations Iron
his last employers. Enquire at G, C. Barrett's Agriculiura
Warehouse, Boston. , mG.

ST HELENA POTATOES.

200 buslie's of this very superior Potato for sale at Brimmci
iV Inches' store on the T wharf, al 80 cents per bushel bv MO'
SES HEALEY. april 2:'

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at go per annum
payable at Ihe end of the year — but those who pay williii
si.xty days from the lime of subscribing, are eiililleii to a dc
duc'tion of lilly cents.

03= No paper will be sent to a distance witlioul paymen
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

AViii Yvr/t—G C. TnoRBeRN,G7 Liberty-slrceL

Alliami — Wm. TiioRRUKN, 347 iMarkel-stieel.

l'luUnhlphia—\). Sf C. Landbetii, 83 Chesnut-street.

Ililtimore — I. 1. Hitchcock, Publisher of American Farmei

Cincinnati — S. C. Pahkhuiist, 2.3 Lower Markel-slreel.

F/:ishi7iff, N y. — Wm. Prince iV Sons, Prop. Lin. Boi.Gai

MMdlelmni, Vt. — Wight Chapman, Merchant.

Harlford—GoiU'V.w Sf Ct: Booksellers.

Neu'iiiniporl — Ebenezkr Steiiman, Bookseller. )

Portsmouth, N. //.—John W. Foster, Bookseller.

Woadslocli, Vt.—i.K. Pratt.

ISiin"-or, Me. — Wni. Mann. Druggist.

Halifax. N. S.—V. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder,

St. Louis— Gko. Bolton.

PRINTED MY TUTTLK AND WEEKS,

No, 8, fclioul .Street.

ORD£RS FOB PRINTING RECEIVED BY THE PUnLlSIIEl

J^EW ENGtAI^B FARMEK,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 17, 183.5.

NO. 49.

fFroni ihe New York Farmer.]
MAPIiE SrclR.

The manufactiiie of sugar from tlie sap of tlio
maple tree is becoming a matter of consirlerable
importance. It is from year to year increasing ;
the value of this hcautiful and useful tree is more
liighly a| predated than fornierly ; and many in-
telligent farmers are forming considerable planta-
tions of it, as an important appendage to their es-
tablishtnents. Several families widiin my knou-
ledgc make more than enongli sugar and njolassis
for their domestic supply; some of them produc-
ing five hundred, some one thousand, and some as
much as fifteen hundred ) ounds per animm : and
in a sma'l rough, and mountainous town in my
vicinity, of a very sparse population, it is calcula-
ted that at least 20,000 lbs. are annually produced.
Tlie tree is of rapid growth, and of a "cleanly and
beautiful appearance. Indeed I do not know of
a handsomer variety ; and its plantation in long
avenues for the embellishments of the streets
and the road .sides is much prevailing in the beau-
tiful villages of the Connecticut valiVy, where it
finds a congenial soil, and grows with great luxu-
riance. Some of the sugar which I have seen
this season has been of the finest description, not
surpassed in color, clearness, and brilliancy, by
the very best cane sugar of New Orleans or Jamai-
ca ; and a good deal, I am told, has heretofore
been refined in New York, and sold for loaf sugar
of the first quality. Lorain justly remarks, that
it has one great advantage over sugar manufactur-
ed from the cane, and that is, " the certainty of its
proceeds not being contaminated with the great
and disgusting quantity of decaying anhiial
matters, necessarily mixed with the product of the
sugar cane. The latter is gathered when animal-
cula of every kind prevail : the former before they
predominate to any extent that would claiin
serious attention.

I have utyself had little experience either in
the cultivation of the tree, or the manufacture of
the sugar ; but 1 have thought that the information
whicji 1 have gathered from those who are famil-
iar with the subject, would not be unacceptable to
the agricidtiiral public.

The sugar, or rock maple, abounds in many parts
of the country. The sap from the white or soft
maple is not so strong as that from the rock majde
but is yielded in equal al)undance, and makes equal-
ly good sugar. The walnut tree yields a sweet saji,
but in very small quantities, and of a frothy na-
ture. Small particles of sugar are sometimes col-
lected from the ends of walnut sticks in the wood
pile, where the exuded sap has become dried in

he sun. The black birch likewise yields sap in
ibimdance, but not sweet enough to be maiiufac-
ured into sugar. A single tree of black birch
las been known to yield a barrel of sap in a day.
Maple trees difilM- much in the quality of the
ap which they yield; some yielding much swect-
T sap than others. The cause of this is not
:nown, nor does it appear from any facts which
lave been observed, that it is coiinected with the

soil in which the tree grows. Old trees are
thought to yield sweeter sap than young trees, and
trees which have been frequently tapjied yield a
sap of more sweetness than others which have
not. A barrel of sap, thirtythree and one third
gallons, will yield ordinarily frotn seven to nine
pounds of sugar. A sugar orchard of five hun-
dred trees is calculated to yield upon an average
one thousand pounds per year. Oftentimes much
mon^ than this. It is not unusal to find a tree
which ^^ ill fill three buckets with sap in a day — a
bucket holding about two gallons. A tree has
been shown me from which twentyseven jiounds
of good sugar have been made in one year, and I
have been credibly informed of two instances in
which thirty pounds have been produced in a
season.

The weather most favorable for making sugar
is when it freezes by night and thaws by day. No
snj) can be obtained with advantage after the buds
begin to swell Sugar is sometimes made in the
autumn, but by no means with equal advantage as
in the si)ring. It is advisable to tap a tree on the
south side, because it is more likely to thaw there,
and the sap is obtained sooner in the morning, but
no diflcrence is perceived in the sweetness of the
sap from eitlier side.

1 he best mode of tapping the trees, as I learn
from some practical men, who have been for
thirty years accustomed to the manufacture of
sugar, is with a narrow chLsel. An incision is
made in the tree, which is technically called a box.
This, if made with care, is not thought to injure
the tree. It will soon close, and after a year or
two the tree may be tapped again in the same
place. These individuals, to whom I refer, dis-
approve very much the tai)ping of trees by boring
with an auger three or four inches, as in examin-
ing such trees after they have been felled, it is
found that these deep borings never heal like the
incisions made with a chisel, nor do they yield any
more sa|). Trees, instead of being injured by be inn-
tapped, are supposed, if the operation is perform-
ed judiciously, to gain vigor and strength from it.

In the manufacture of the sugar, cleanliness in
all the vessels for collecting the sap, and boiling
and refining it, is deemed of paramount impor-
tance. Troughs made of new and unseasoned
wood, ami any acidity or mouldiness in the buck-
ets used for collecting the sap, are almost certain
to injure the sugar. I?y some persons it has been
recommended, instead of wooden buckets for col-
lecting the sap, to use earthen vessels ; but these
would be of more difficult and unsafe transporta-
tion, and liable to be broken by the frost.

I have received a pretty full account of the
manufacture of this article from a respected frierjd
who has been acquainted with the process in his
own practice for forty years, and 1 take the liberty
of subjoining his letter at large.

Leverett, April 14,, 1835.
Sir — You wished me testate to you the process
of making majile sugar. No two persons take
exactlythe same method, yet all think they take

the best. I will tell you the course which we
pursue. The sap tubs arc made thoroughly clean
by scouring with sand and water, and scalding
them as .soon as they are taken from the trees in
the -spring. They are housed until the next spring
and we scald them again before they are put to
the trees. It has been found impossible to make
good sugar unless the tubs are cleansed from an
acid and nnuld, which is taken from the sap the
preceding s|)ring ; otherwise the tubs wi'l beco«iie
black, and llie sugar will not grain. I tap my
trees with an inch and a quarter chisel ; we cut
into the wood of the tree about three quarters of
an inch, in a sloping direction, so that the box (as
we call it) will hold a spoonftil or more. We bore
so as to strike the lowest place in the box with
a three-eighths of an inch breast bit. Spout.s are
made and sharpened to suit with the bit. A man
who is used to it will box three hundred in a day;
another man will bore and set the spouts. Some
people tap their trees by boring into the trees with
a half or three quarters of an inch bit or auger ;
but I am persuaded that it hurts the tree much
more than the chisel. So far as the spout drives
into the wood we get no sap, and of course we
must bore into the tree three or four inches, which
will occa;jor^ it to rot at the heart. I liave known
a sugar maple to be blown down, which was 2 feet
or two feet and a half through, and which had
been tapped with a chisel for eighty or ninety
years, and for the last thirty years perhaps with
two boxes each year, which was very thrifty and
perfectly sound, excepting what had been cut
away with the chisel. This tree was probably
la|)ped first when about eight inches through, for
at that bigness we begin to tap our trees.

I have thought the sugar maple was given to us
by a kind Providence to be used in the same way
and for tlie same purpose for which we use them,
for no other tree which I know, would bear cut-
ting so much and for such a length of time with-
out injuring its growth. I am speaking of trees
standing in open land. Trees standing in a forest
will not bear tapping so well. There need be
nothing said respecting gathering the sap; but
sjiecial care ought to be taken to cleanse the bar-
rels, especially those in which cider has been kept.
[Many of the most careful sugar makers keep
barrels expressly and exclusively
pose. H. C]

To make good sugai-, much depends on the
boiling from the commencement to the end. We
boil our sugar chiefly in kettles, which hold aboi;t
a barrel, set in arches. The sap is apt in boiling
to rise and boil over, to prevent which we put into
it a small quantity of butter ; a piece as big as a
walnut i)Ut into it at several times will prevent its
boiling over a day. The boiliifg throws the syrup
upon the hot kettle above the syrup in drops which
immediately burn upon the kettle; and as the syrup
settles in the kettle by evaporation, this burnt
matter is continually gathering upon it. When
the kettle is filled again, this burnt matter is wash-
ed off, at least the color and taste of it, into the

386

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JUNE ir, 1835

kettle ) this gives the stigar a Haik color, hittei-
taste, and |irevents its graining well. The hest
way that I know of to prevent this hiirnt matter
hurting the sugar is to keep it off the kettle as much
as possible, which may he done in part by never
suffering the heat of the kettle to he raised to an
extreme while boiling, and by scouring the kettle
thoroughly once every day. Rnbhing the kettle
with a piece of brick or stone will make it bright
and clean. All color in maple sugar gets into it
after it is taken from the tree; the sap when it
comes from the tree is as colorless as pure water.
I have seen and tasted ma))le sugar, which was
dried to sugar by the sun ; it was white as snow
and very pleasant to the taste. I have never
thought that an artificial color added any thing to
the value, of butter cheese, or sugar. I am told
that the sheet iron pans, which are much use(.i at
present to boil down the sap in, are preferable to
kettles ; they boil faster, and it never burns upon
the pan. Of this I know nothing by experience.
We boil the sap down at the rate of about twenty
to one ; and it is tlien set in tubs to settle ; in
24 hours turn off what is clear. It may be
ke]jt several weeks if you choose without injury,
unless it be very warm weather, which will occa-
sion it to ferment. The dregs left in the tubs
may be cleansed in several Ways. They may be
mixed with common -sap from the tree and settled
again, or saloiratus may be used, or milk, or an
egg beat up, put into it and boiled ; the filth will
rise, and may be skimmed off', and so prevent any
material loss. The syrup ouglit to be boiled
down to settle once in twcntyfour hours, for the
less sap boiled at a time to sugar, tho bettor the
sugar will be ; one barrel of sap boiled to sugar
will be whiter and better than five barrels ; five
than ten ; and so on.

The 0]ieration of boiling the syrup into sugar
is better learned by seeing it done than from
writing. I will, however, give you a sketch of
the way we proceed. VVc boil the syrup to sugar
in a brass kettle, being lighter and easier to handle
than iron. We boil about twentyfive or thirty
pounds at a time, in a coinmon five pail kettle.
The heat ought to be steady, without much blaze.
If it is intended for lump sugar, we boil it until it
will cleave quickly and easily from an axe, or some
smooth and hard substance that is cold. We turn
it into earthern pans, and stir it moderately until it
is thoroughly grained, thence into dishes or small-
er pans to cool. If for dry lively sugar, we boil
it until it will break and fly like rosin when stream-
ed into cold water or upon an axe. We then pour
it into large earthen pans, and .stir it moderately
until it is grained and stiff as dough ; after which
we put it into a larger vessel, such as a large tray
or bo-wl holding nearly two pails full, and stir it
powerfully, to prevent its having hard knobs in it,
until it is cold and lively. But the stirring of
maple sugar to make it good cannot be learned,
but by seeing it done, or by a long course of prac-
tice. If stirred too fast while graining, it tends
to make it fine grained and clammy ; if not stirred
enough, it will be knobby.

If you can select any jiart of this letter, which
will be of any advantage to other.s, you are at lib-
erty to make such use of it as you please.
Yours, respectfully,

RoswELL Field.
Rev. H. Colraan.

The above communication is so intelligible, full
and practical, that I have deemed it best to furnish

it entire to the public, with many thanks for this
obliging favor. In an interesting communication
furnished to the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society,
by Jonathan Slorris, of Washington county, Pa.,
(Memoirs, vol. vi. p. 252,) he states " that the
sugar tree reaches the age of an hundred and
eighty years, yet seldom measures more than four
feet in diameter.. It may be tapped when it is
about two feet and a half in circumference ; and
if done properly, in the manner described, neither
the growth nor the duration of the tree will be
affected.

" To plant out a sugar camp, or orchard, let the
trees be 33 feet apart, or 46 trees on an acre.
One acre thus planted will, in a good season, yield
130 pounds of sugar. I tapped 160 trees this
year, and although 1 lost as much saj) as would
have made 100 jjounds of sugar, I made at least
500 pounds. The farmer must not expect to de-
rive any benefit from the land beyond the sugar,
as the shade of the trees is very iiijiu-ious to grass
and ruinous to grain."

Particular directions for the manufacture of this
article may be found likewise in Cooper's edition
of Wiliich's Domestic Encyclopaedia, art. Sugar,
and in Lorain's Husbandry, c. xii.

The first part of the present season was not pro-
pitious ; a second and favorable opportunity oc-
curred, however, in April, of which many availed
themselves to their advantage. It is a valuable
luxury among other domestic agricultural comforts.
Many small farmers sell from 50 to 100 dollars
worth annually. It commands readily, in cakes,
from 10 to 124 cents per pound, and that which
is superior brings sixteen cents. The thick syrup
or maple molasses, as it is called, a delicious condi-
ment for )iuddings and other domestic uses, com-
mands readily one dollar a gallon. The manufac-
ture, though laborious, occurring at a season of
the year when other farming business is in a mea-
sure suspended, may be considered as so much
gain in the profitable ajiplication of labor.

H. C.
Meahowhanks, May 5th, 1835.

ON THE PKESERVATION OP POSTS, SILLS, &c.

We have endeavored on several occasions, to
call the attention of our readers to the best means
of preserving posts, sills, and other timbers, from
decay. The easiest method is to fell the trees at
the right time — not of the moon, but of the year.
If this be done, the value of the wood will be
several times greater than if cut when the sap is
rising in the spring. This is a fact well worth
knowing and remembering; but it is not the only
fact connected with this business, that ought to be
known and remembered. In addition to the du-
rability added in this way, we may add at least as
much more by the judicious appliciation o{ salt or
lime and lor statements of their efficacy, we refer
to pages 80, 159, 145, and 167, of our last vol-
ume.

These substances were applied to prevent the
fermentation ; but the former, common salt, has
also been used as a preventive against the dry
rot. This, which has ])roved so remarkably de-
structive to timbers employed in both civil and
naval architecture, is produced by several S])ecies
of fungi, belonging also to the different genera,
such as Merulius lachrymans and Ditiola radiccia ;
and though we have heard no comi>laint on this
subject in our own section of the country, we
presume that some extracts from a late article by

William Patterson, an eminent merchant of
Baltimore, will be found interesting :

" I knew of a fine vessel built for a Charleston
packet, with so much care, that she required no
caulking or repairs for four years, at the end of
that time, when she was carried into the dock to
be caulked, she was found to be so totally destroy-
ed by the dry rot, as to be unworthy of repair, and
was broken up.

"The year before the breaking out of the late
war with Great Brhain, I commanced building a
fine vessel, and had her frame raised, her bends
and bottom planked, when I determined to pro-
ceed no further. I erected a shed over the vessel,
under which she remained ybwr ?/ear« before I con-
cluded to finish her. All possible care was taken
of her ; yet some of the large pieces of timber
were found defective, especially the transoms ;
timbers 18 inches square were found to be entirely
destroyed by the dry rot. It was owing to this
circumstance that I resorted to the plan of boring
the targe timbers and filling the holes with salt.

"1 adopted the following plan with all the
vessels that I have built within a period of more
than sixty years. While building, when the
bends and bottom planks are on, and before delling
I have. caused three sets of stoppers to be placed
fore and aft between all the timbers, to keep the
salt in its place. The Jirst tier of stoppers are
placed at the floor heads ; the second immediately
below the lower deck beams ; and the third be-
tween decks, just above the air streak, common in
all double decked vessels. Air streaks are left
above the first and second tiers of stoppers, for
the purpose of adding more salt as the previous
supplies of that article settle or are dissolved. Just
before finishing the ceiling of the vessel, the salt is
filed in among all the timbers, from the lowest tier
of stoppers to the upper deck — taking care that
the salt in the upper tier is well rammed down ; if
loetled, so much the better.

" In all my experience, I have never found a de-
fective timber in vessels thus prepared, and thus
taken care of; and I am jjersuaded tliat the dry rot
may be entirely prevented, by adopting the above
precautions. As a proof of the good effects of
the above mode, I will add, that I have two
vessels now running which are perfectly sound
and trustworthy ; one of them is thirtyone years
old, and the other twentyfive ; and the only repairs
that have been given to their hulls, were the re-
newal of the waist planks of both, and the quarter
deck of one of them. This was not owing to the
decay of the plank, but to the circumstance of its
being fastened with iron ; the corrosion of the
iron caused openings where it passed through the*
wood." — Genesee Farmer.

The following act, to encourage the Reeling and
Throwing of Silk, was passed, at the last session of the'
Massachusetts Legislature. ^

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre-,
sentalives, in General Court assembled, and by the
authority of the same, That any person who shall
reel or cause to be reeled, or throw or cause to be
thrown, in this Conmionwealth, from cocoons,
produced from silk worms raised in this Com-
monwealth, merchantable silk capable of being
manufactured into the various silk fabrics, -shall
receive in the manner hereinafter provided, fifty
cents f»r every pound of silk reeled or thrown as
aforesaid.

Sect. 2. Be it further enacted. That any two

vol-. XIII. NO. 49.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

387

Justices of Peace, when called on by any person
claiming any bonnty under this act, for reeling or
throwing silk within their county, shall carefully
examine such claims, aiul upon satisfactory proof
by oath or affirmation, that the same is well found-
ed, shall give a certificate thereof under their
hands, stating the method by which said silk has
been reeled or thrown, the number of pounds and
that the claimant is entitled to the bounty provid-
ed in this Act; and upon filing such certificate
in the office of the Secretary of this Comtnon-
wealth, the Governor, with advice of the Council
is authorized to draw his warrant upon the Treas-
urer therefor in favor of such persons.

Sect. 3. Be it fuiiher enacted, That if any
person shall claim a bounty more than once for
the same silk so reeled or thrown, or obtain any
bounty under this Act, through fraud or deception
such persons shall forfeit to the use of the Com-
monwealth, a sum not less than twenty nor more
than one hundred dollars, in addition to the
amount of any bounty he may have received, to
be recovered by indictment, in any court proper to
try the same.

Sect. 4. Be it fuiiher enacted. That this Act
shall take effect in thirty days from the time of
passing the same, and shall continue in force for
the term of two years.

Culture of Silk in Ohio. — In reply to the
inquiry made in a late number of the Genesee
Farmer, res|)ecting the success which farmers
have met with during the past season in the cul-
ture of silk, it may be said so far as this State is
concerned, that the season has been very favora-
ble, although the occurrence of a severe frost late
in the spring rendered it awhile doubtful whether
any worms could bo saved. Our fruit was entirely
destroyed except in some very favorable situations,
and many fruit trees were unable to withstand its
withering effects. It is believed, too, that many
silk worms were destroyed for want of their
proper food : but generally the precaution is taken
to prevent the eggs fi-om hatching until the
danger from the frost is passed.

A few of my worms, which were hatched be-
fore this frost, were only saved by feeding them
on the leaves of the common dandelion, (the Leon-
todon taraxacum of Botanists.) After being sus-
tained for three weeks on these leaves, they evin-
ced some reluctance to the change to white mul-
berry leaves, which were then given to them.
They had a whitish and unnatural appearance,
had grown but little, and it is believed that they
would not have come to maturity, and produced
silk, without their natural food. Their niou'ting
was considerably delayed, so that they occupied
about twice the usual time in coming to maturity ;
but they ultimately produced silk of a quality
equal to that made by the worms which were fed
entirely on the leaves of the white mulberry.

It is gratifying to observe the increased attention
which is paid to this subject in Ohio. Many fann-
ers are providing themselves with orchards of
mulberry, and preparing themselves otherwise to
produce large quantities of silk whenever a mar-
ket shall be created for it. It is to be regretted,
however, that the Chinese mulberry is so scarce
and dear, that but few are able to obtain it ; al-
though all appear to be aware of its superiority
over the Italian. Would it not be a profitable busi-
ness for some of your gardeners and nursery-

men, to send a few plants and cuttings to this
state during the present season ?

Tiie usual method of tying together small bun-
dles of bushes for the worms to mount and spin
their cocoons upon, was found not to be so conve-
nient and useful as the following : Take a strip
of plank, say eighteen inches long, and three in-
ches wide, and set in it two rows of small light
sticks leaning outwards, like the two sides of the
letter V. Fill this rack loosely with dried oal>
leaves, and place it upon the table or shelf con-
taining the worms, and they will ])ass between the
sticks, and form other cocoons among the
leaves.

As these leaves afford more places suitable for
the formation of cocoons, they are not so liable to
he double, and as there is a larger surface of the
apparatus in contact with the table, the worms can
more easily find it, and therefore do not waste
their strength in travelling around the table in
search of it. S. L. Champaigne co., Ohio,
December 1834. — Genesee Fanner.

FACTS AND OBSERVATIONS RELiATIVE TO
THE CULTURE OP SILK.

Varieties of Silkworms. — In our last we
made some remarks relative to the best and most
profitable food for Silk Worms. We will now
speak of the varieties of these insects, a consider-
ation of scarcely less importance than that of the
provision necessary for their support. If the Far-
mer finds his account in rearing no animals which
are not of a good breed as well as good samples of
their kind, the Silk Culturist will no doubt, be well
rewarded by his attention to the different varieties
and selection of the best races of the insects on
whose labors and qualities all his hopes of success
must be founded.

The Hon. Richard Rush, while Secretary of
the Treasury, prejjared and transmitted to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, a letter
on the growth and Manufacture of Silk, &c.
which is a very valuable, as well as able and elab-
orate document. In this the writer treats

or SMALL WORMS OF THREE CASTS, OR MOULT-
INGS.

The eggs of these worms may be found in sev-
eral parts of Lombard)'. The worms and co-
coons are two-fifths smaller than the common
sort. The worms consume, to form a pound of
cocoons, nearly as much leaves as the large spe-
cies; and, although smaller, when they have
reached their full growth, they devour more frag-
ments and shoots of leaves than the connnon sort.
Their cocoons are composed of finer and more
beautiful silk than the conmion cocoon ; they arc
also a better constructed, and to this is owing the
greater quantity of silk, which at equal weights,
is drawn from those cocoons, than from common
cocoons. This variety, in the opinion of Dandalo,
[an experienced silk culturist] should he infinitely
more cultivated than it hitherto has been ; for

1. These silk worms require four days less of
care than the common silk worms.

2. They atVord a saving of time, labor and
money.

3. They are not so much exposed to accidents,
their life being shorter.

Some imagine the species to be delicate, but
they appeared to Dandolo to be strong and vigo-
rous. Six hundred cocoons weigh a pound and
a half.

« OF THE WORMS THAT PRODCCE WHITE SILK;

" I have raised," says Daiulolo, " a large quantity
of these, andfouiul thi'm, in all respects, equal to
the common silk worms of foin- casts. If I rear-
ed silk worms for the jiurpose of spinning the silk
myself, I would cultivate only the silk worm of
three casts, and those that produce white silk, as
preferable to sU others ; and every year would
choose the very whitest cocoons, to prevent the
degeneration of the species.'

This species, says Mr Rush, was introduced into
France about fortyfive years since, from China,
hut was not much cultivated until about seventeen
years past. It is now highly prized by the manu-
facturers.

In Windham county, Connecticut, there is also
a small, pale, white worm, which eats but twenty
days, and ])roduiTs fine white silk, though in less
quantity than either the connnon large pale white,
or the dark colored worm : but it has the good
quality of retaining its clean white color, and does
not turn yellow by washing, or by exposure to the
sun and air. These worms produce also two
crops. It is highly probable that these white
worms are of the same species as that last men-
tioned.

The dark drab colored worms, which are very
common in the United States, and called " black,"
live longer, and make more silk than the large
white worms.

SILKWORMS OF EIGHT CROPS.

At the silk establishment of the British East In-
dia Company at Jungepore, Bengal, Lord Valencia,
besides the common annual silk worm which gave
but one crop, found two others ; the one com-
monly reared, and supposed indigenous, is called
Dacey, producing eight harvests. Another and
worst, the China, or Madrasia, also yields eight
times a year. This last may be the kind men-
tioned by Arthur Young, who sajs, he " obtained
a silk worm from China, which he reared, and in
Iwentyfive days had the cocoons in his basins, and
by the twentyniuth or thirtyfiist days, a new pro-
geny feeding in his trays." He justly remarks, that
"they would be a mine to whoever would culti-
vate them." The American who would intro-
duce any of the best of these silk worms into the
United States would render an essential service to
his country. If circumstances, however, should
prevent the importation of the species before men-
tioned, it is presumed there will be no difficulty in
procuring, from the Isle of France, the eggs of
those which came from Bengal in the year 1815,
and were reared under the direction of M.Chazel,
and which breed three times a year; or the
variety of Madrass, which, according to Dr Ander-
son, finish their course in forty days, viz : six days
in eggs, twentytwo a worm, eleven in the cocoon,
and one a moth. — Silk Manual.

Silk Manufacture. — Mr Joseph Ripka, of
this city, has given notice in the public [lapers
that he has a flourishing plantation, containing ten
acres of mulberry trees, on the Point-no-Point
road, and he is trying the experiment of raising
silk worms on a large scale. As the attempt is
one of importance to the community, and the pro-
cess interesting to individuals, Mr R. has given
notice that visitors anxious for information will be
received by Mr John Ter Ilceven, on the premises
and may receive from him full explanation of its
process. — U. S. Gazette.

888

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

3VSE 17, 1§35.

^ ^ 3IS; a ^ W IL li" W m S a

tFrom Transactions of the Essex Agricultural Society^ for 1834.
REPORT ON MILCH COWS AXD HEIFERS.

The Coiniiiittc'ti ou Mi'rli Cowhand Iluiters, beg
leave to siibiiiit the following report;

When it is considerefl how great a portion of
our food is furnished by the cow, from infancy to
old age ; how much of the quick and ready profits
of the farm arc depcnrlcnt upon her, it cannot
certainly be a matter of indifference what quali-
ties she ]iossesses.

It is sometimes suggested that the pecuniary
interest alone of every farmer will naturally lead
him to the best selections of stock. This is un-
doubtedly true when he knows them. This So-
ciety is calculated to greatly assist him in his
resolution, and bring the best stock immediately
in his way, and to have a tendency, even, to force
them upon the careless and inattentive.

Your committee are of ojiinion that the exhibi-
tion of cows and heifers today docs great credit
to the county. They have found it very difficult
to decide upon those best entitled to iiremiiims,
while all were so good.

They have awarded the first premium for cows
to William Jewett of Nevvbiu'yport, for his red
cow four years old — ten dollars.

They have awarded the second jn-emium to R.
Augustus Merriam of Topsfield, for his white
faced cow five years old — seven dollars.

They liave awarded the third premium to Gyles
M. Jaques of West Newbury, for liis speckled
cow eight years old — five dollars. |

There were some other valuable cows exhibited
by William MacKinstry, Charles Nelson and
David Rogers.

They have awarded the first premiums for
Heifers to Hector Coffin of Newbury, for his three
year old heifer " Fairy," — seven dollars.

They have awarded the second jiremium to
Anthony Chase of Haverhill, for his red two year
old heifer, five dollars, which constitute all the jire-
iniums offered by the Society.

There were many other very valuable heifers
exhibited which did not come within the rule,
and which we hope will be competitors another
year. We will name some of them, Gyles M.
Jaques' two heifers together with his cow consti-
tuted a very rich pen of animals.

Aaron Crumby's heifer was very superior.
Jesse Shelden, Moses Colman, Sanniel Hood,
Thomas B. Spoffbrd, exhibited very ])romising
heifers. The account handed to the coinmittee
by Hector Coffin of the pedigree of his heifers is
very commendable, it evinces a deep interest in
the cause, which we arc happy to witness.
Respectfully submitted by

R. A. Meeriam.
Jeremiah Colman.
Amos Shei.den.
JoH.\ Gage.

JVew Rowley, SepL 21, 1834.

BECTOR coffin's STATEMENT.
To the Committee of the Essex .Igricultural Society on
Milch Cows and Heifers.
Gentlemen — I jiresent to you for premium
my three year old heifer " Fairy" out of my good
native cow Daisy from a good selected native Bull.
Fairy out of" Daisy," (11 years old) was calved
April 20th, 1831.

At three weeks old she had all the milk she
wanted or would suck, and had a trough of In-
dian meal and another of cut potatoes, rack of
good hay,and water always by her ; at four weeks
old she was reduced one teat ; at five weeks old
two teats ; at six weeks old three teats, and at
seven weeks old was entirely weaned and put to
]iasture, continuing to have meal and potatoes a
week or ten days longer.

After which, she remained in ];asture till hous-
ing time in the fall, when she was fed with the
best meadow and salt hay ; and the two last win-
ters on common meadow and salt hay ; being
regularly carded daily and kept dry and clean,
and during the simimer in common pasturage with
the other animals, having had no grain or jrov-
ender of any description since she was a calf, ex-
cepting the week after calving when we gave her
a quart of cob corn meal once or twice. She
calved a large fine heifer calf the 27th of May
last, which was taken away from her the 11th of
June. The first milking was five hours after
calving, and after the calf had sucked what she
would ; appearing large to ray man, he measured
it before giving it to the hogs and found it exceed-
ing six quarts. Not thinking of exhibiting her at
the cattle show till w ilhiii a day or two, have not
measured her milk. She has given a very large
mess of milk through the summer when the fei;d
was good ; and this week, since thinking of send-
ing her for exhibition, have measured her milk
and find she gives rising two gallons per day, of a
rich and excellent quality.

I also send for your examination only, my two
year old heifer Venus, out of Violet, by " Young
Bolivar," a three-quarters improved Durham short
horned bull of first rate pedigree. Violet, a first
rate native cow remarkable for her progenj' and
beauty as well as milking properties. I have not
time to go into further detail, except to say, she is
impregnated so as to come in with her first calf
the 1st of June next, with the hojie that the grass
with the aid of her great milking ancestrj', will
stuff out her yoting udders and will make her
worthy of her parentage. Her grand sire, Col.
Powel's Bolivar, of Philadelphia; her great grand
sire Coelebs, lately belonging to Major Jaques of
Chariestown, near Boston, of first blood on the
English herd books. Should she receive your
fiivorable remarks, it will gratify, gentlemen, your
obedient servant. Hector Coffin.

R. A. MERRIAm's statement.
To the Committee of the Essex JIgricultural Society, on
Milch Cows and Heifers.
Gektlemen — My cow was raised in Canter-
bury, N. H- is five years old i)assed, is perfectly
gentle and docile, allowing any one to milk or
handle her. She will go peaceably against any
appearance of a fence. She has had three calves
coming in when she was three years old. Her
last calf was sold the first of June last at 3J cents
])or pound, amounting to between five and six
dollars at five weeks old, a season when veal is
the most plenty. She had during the season
nothing but common grass feed, entering ujion
fall feed, so called, about the first of the present
month.

The average quantity of milk per day for the
last four months has been twentysix and a half
pounds ; she has given seventeen ipiarts in a day.
The quality of her milk is thought to be exceed-

ingly good. S1.3 has been kept for family Use,
and her milk used freely, six in the family, and
without any reference to this exhibition, besides
which she has yielded eight pounds of butter, of
the first quality, in a week.
Recapitulation : —

Peaceable, kind, and docile.

Greatest quantity of milk per day 17 qts.

Average, - - - 26i lbs.

Quantity of butter per week, - 8 lbs.

R. A. Merriau.

Topsjidd, Sept., 25, 1834.

WILLIAM JEWETt's STATEME.NT.

To the Committee of the Essex .Agricultural Society, on

Milch Cows and Heifers.

Gentlemen — The Cow I present for your in-
spection I bought at two years old with two heifer
Calves by her side, which were six weeks old
July 4th, 1832. She has had ordinary keeping
and no other. She brought me her third calf
March 12th, 1834, which sucked till July 5th ;
in June I milked one hundred and fifty gallons of
milk from her, since that time we have not been
]iarticular to measure, until last evening, I milked
eight quarts, this morning six quarts.

Yours, William Jewett.

JVeicburyport, Sept. 24, 1834.

This shall certify that I have measured ten
quarts and one pint in June when the calf suck-
ed, for morning milking. Eliza Jewett.

REPORT ON THE DAIRY.

The Committee of the Essex Agricultural So-
ciety, on the Dairy, consisting of Daniel P. King,
Uriah Bailey, John Adams, Daniel Putnam and
Benjamin G. Metcalf —

That they consider a well managed Dairy one
of the most valuable sources of a farmer's rev-
enue. Our pro'ximity to large towns and manu-
facturing villages insures a ready market and fair
prices. The product of a good cow, for a single
season, in milk, bulter, cheese and the unsaleable
refuse, may be estimated at more than thirty dol-
lars. The same food consumed by other stock
will hardly yield to the farmer half that sum.
Oxen and horses are necessary, but economy
seems to indicate that no more should be here
kept than are required for labor. Young cattle
may generally be purchased for less money than
it would cost to raise them : a promising two
year old heifer may be bought of the drover in
the fall for about 12 dollars; the butcher pays for a
well fatted calf a month old, nearly half the
money, and fodder and feed must be abundant
and chcaj) when the farmer can afford to keep
such an animal two winters and three summers
for six, eight or even ten dollars.

Like every other part of the farmer's business,
the dairy requires attenlion ; the cows iriust have
a constant supply of nutritive food, and pure
watcrand salt occasionally ; the dairy room should
be clean and sweet and used exclusively for that
purpose ; the ])ans and other utensils should be
carefully scalded, and neatness and order should
pervade the whole department. We forbear to
give particular directions for making butter and
cheese, referring you to the annexed statements
of the competitors, whose success in obtaining
the Society's premiums is the highest recom-
mendation of the method pursued by them.

Although the dairy is comparatively profitable,

VOL. XIII. NO. 49.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

389

and although its products are a component part in
so many of tlie comforts and hixuries of the table,
there are some farmers of our acquaintance wlio
have been obliged to abandon it altogether, or to
conduct it on a smaller scale, on account of the dif-
ficulty of obtaining skilful and experienced dair}'
women. And here we have 0| portmiity of pro-
posing to fathers and mothers the question, wheth-
er in the varied and refined education of their
daughters, some of the most useful and important
branches have not been neglected ? Whether the
more fanciful and ornamental attainments have
not been substituted for the lessons of tlie kitchen
and the dairy ? Whether some delicate hands
have not been so long occupied with the pencil,
the embroidering needle and the piano, that they
have forgotten, or never learned, the cunning of
the skimmer, the cheese tub and churn ? Whether
specious elegance has not been more studied than
substantial usefulness ? The former, indeed,
should not be wholly neglected, but the latter are
indispensable to the comfort and happiness of the
community. An English writer, more noted than
esteemed, but who, on some subjects is good
authority, in his Cottage Economy, observes: — "I
must hear a great deal more than I ever have heard
to convince me that teaching children polite ac-
complishments tends so much to their happiness,
their independence of spirit, their manliness of
character, as teaching tliem to labor. The person
that is in want, must be a slave : and to be habitua-
ted to labor cheerfully, is the only means of pre-
venting nineteen-twentieths of mankind from
being in want."

It was the benevolent wish of a kind hearted
monarch of France, that every peasant in his do-
minions might have a fowl forliis Sunday dinner;
how much more substantial the boon if every
family might be blessed with the possession,
of that most useful animal, the cow, which
supplies not food for Sundays only, but for
every day and every meal. And this possession
is within the reach of almost every family of al-
most every town in this county. If the practice of
keeping cows were adopted by all those who have
the ability, much might be added to domestic com-
fort, and there would soon be no farther complaint
of the difficulty of obtaining competent managers
of the dairy. Besides the generous contributions
of the cow to supply the wants of the family, the
children may all learn to milk and the females will
learn to take care of it : they will know the value
of such animals, will feed them carefully and treat
them gently.

ON CHEESE.

The Committee award the first premium
to Samuel Bailey of West Nevvburj', of $10,00

The second premium to Jacob Osgood of
Andover, of 8,00

A sample of very good cheese was exhibited
by Mrs Jane Tenuy, of Byfield, (Rowley) nearly
as good as that for which the second premium is
awarded.

ON BUTTER.

The first premium on butter made in June, to
Mrs Jane Tenny, of Byfield, $7,00

The second premium on butter made in
June, to Gardner B. Perry, of Bradford, 6,00

For the best produce of butter made on any
farm in the county, a sample of not less than fifty
pounds, there was no claim coming within the
rules of the Society, which deserved the liberal
premium of twenty dollars, which the Society offers.

The statements were not so explicit as desi-
rable, and as the rules of the Society require.

Very good butter was offered, for exhibition
only, by Ca])tain Hector Coffin. Mrs Carter of
Byfield, exhibited good Butter, but not of suflic-
ient quantity. Mary M. Merrill, of Newbury, of-
fered very fair butter, but not enough to entitle her
to prcmiimi. Her statement was deficient. Sam-
uel Bailey, of West Newbury, offered butter of
good appearance, but it was not thought to come
within the rules of the Society.

The butter and cheese were of good quality,
and this part of the exhibition was creditable to
the Society. For the Committee,

Daniel P. King.

JVeu) Rowky, Sept. 25, 1834.

ABSTRACT OF STATEMENTS.

Samuel Bailey states that he began to make
cheese June 10, with six cows : July 1, two
heifers came in milk : between June 10 and Sep-
tember 10, Mr B. made 1302 lbs. cheese of similar
quality to that exhibited.

The milk is made into cheese as soon as milked
and the curd of two messes of milk is made into
one cheese ; the curd of the night's milk is warmed
before putting it with the morning's.

Jacob Osgood states that he began to make new
milk cheese, July 7th, and he continued till Aug.
23, from the milk of five cows, he made 334 lbs.
For his process of making cheese he refers to the
statement submitted by him in 1830.

Mrs Jane Tenny states that she churns the
cream of her seven cows when four days old :
that the butter is salted in the usual way, and put
into a stone pot, covered with a cloth, and then
with melted butter.

Rev. Gardner B. Perry states that " the butter
exhibited for premium was manufactured between
the 1st of June and the 9th of July, and an;ounts
to something more than 25 lbs. It is a jiart of
83i lbs. made during that time, of which the
greater part is now in keeping : the product of
three cows.

1st 12 years old, came in first of April.
2nd 7 " " middle of April.

Her calf was raised and took full one half the
milk till the middle of June.

3d. 4 years old, came in the last of September,
all kept on what is called old pasture, but in the
early part of June, occasionally, not habitually,
fed at night with hay and a few potatoes. 200
quarts of milk were otherwise disposed of, being
a little over five quarts a day.

The butter was made in the usual way^d has
been kept in the pot on the bottom of tlwcellar.
It is seasoned with one ounce of composition to a
pound of butter, made of one part of saltpetre,
one jiart of white sugar and two parts of salt.

(The conunittee thought a larger proportion of
salt would have been better.)

Through the whole process, it has received no
attention but such as might easily be given in any
family with conveniences usually possessed.

It was churned in a close churn, which I am,
upon the whole, apprehensive is not as good as one
open, where the latter can be conveniently used.

[From Rev. Mr Colman's Agricultural Excursion. )
SHEEP IN FO'WNAI/, VT.
The yearly expense of keeping a sheep is esti-
mated at one dollar. This must in general be

mere matter of conjecture. It can only be ac-
curately determined by a careful estimate of the
actual value of hay and grain ; and not their mar-
ket value, but their value consumed on the place,
making due allowance for the valuable returns of
manure ; and there must enter into the estimate
of the labor of attendance, the value of pasture-
land and fencing ; — and then too, a careful ascer-
tainment of the amount of pasture required for and
the amount of hay and grain consumed by a sheep,
and necessary to his profitable condition. Now
these are calculations into which few farmers have
the patience to enter; and $1 per head is there-
fore only a conjectural estimate of the cost of
keeping a sheep, formed from no accurate standard;
and you can only infer from this statement, that
they find their husbandry profitable or yielding a
satisfactory return at the close of the year, when
they can receive for the pasture occupied and the
hay and grain consumed, by a healthy sheep, the
value of one dollar. It has been found by actual
experiment that 7 healthy sheep will consume one
ton of hay in 135 days, the average of our winter
foddering, or a little more than 2 lbs. each per day.
If we value this hay at 6 dollars per ton, and this is
certainly, considering the cost of labor, a low price,
the cost of the hay consumed by each sheep
would be 85 cts. We have then about 33 weeks
of pasturing to provide, which cannot be rated at
less than one and a half cent per week — or say 50
cents — which would make the keeping of a sheep,
even at low rates, equal to one dollar and thirtyfive
cents per year.

I make these calculations to show how careless
almost all conjectural estimates are in matters of
this kind. Whether, however, his ])ecuniary esti-
mates are critically exact or not, if the farmer at
the close of the year is satisfied with the balance
of his receijJts over his expenditures, if he is go
fortunate as to find the balance on that side, he
may be well contented with his numerous privileges
and blessings, though his gains in arithmetical
amount may seem small compared with those of
other trades and professions.

The amount of wool obtained from their sheep
averaged about three pounds of fine, their sheep
being principally of the Merino and Saxony race:
and sold this year at 42 cents per pound. A Mr
Wright has a flock of 700. His annual loss by
disease or accident is a very small per centage,
which he attributes to the circumstance of his
never housing his sheep at any season, as he was
accustomed to do. His opinions and experience in
this matter are entirely at variance with the opin-
ions and experience of many distinguished and
successful sheep farmers, and especially of one
whose authority on this and various agricultural
subjects, from his experience, education and intel-
ligence, is entitled to great respect ; I mean Mr H.
Grove, of Hoosic. He says, " shelter against the
inclemency of the weather is almost as necessary
to the health and good condition of the sheep as
food itself; and for this reason stables built for
that purpose are of great benefit. Not only do
sheep do much better, but it is also a great saving
of fodder and manure."

Mr Wright's lambs are yeaned in May. His
wool is sold on the farm. The general ajiijearance
of this farmer's grounds and crops attracted my
particular attention as highly creditable. The in-
tervals furnish abundant crops of hay and grain,
and the neighboring hills afford pasturage in plenty
of the best quality. — .V. Y. Farmer.

890

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

JUNE ir, 1835.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 17, 1835.

RURAI, ECONOMY.

Hints relative to Dairy Management. — Dr
James Anderson has published the following observa-
tions on this subject, which though they may not be
new to many of our readers, may be original to some,
and useful to most others by putting them in mind of
processes and practices, which otherwise might escape
from memory.

1. The first milk drawn from a cow is always thinner,
and of an inferior quality to that which is afterwards
obtained; and this richness increases progressively to
the very last drop that can be drawn from the udder.
2. The portion of the cream rising first to the surface is
richer in quality and greater in quantity, than what
rises in the second equal spaces of time, and so forth ;
the cream continually decreasing and growing worse
than the preceding. 3. Thick milk produces a small-
er proportion of cream than that which is thinner,
though the creanj of the former is of a richer quality.
If, therefore, the thick milk be diluted with water, it
will afford more cream than it would have done in its
pure state ; but its quality will at the same time be in-
ferior. 4. Milk carried about in pails, or other vessels,
agitated and partly cooled, before it be put into the milk
pans, never throws up such a good and plentiful cream
as if it had been put into proper vessels immediately
after it came from the cow.

" Cows should, tliereforc, always be milked as near
the dairy as possible, to prevent the necessity of carry-
ing and cooling the milk before it be put into the dishes,
and as cows are much hurt by far driving, it must be a
great advantage in a dairy farm to have the p.incipal
grass fields as near the dairy or homestead as possible.
It is injudicious to put the milk of all the cows of a
large dairy into one vessel as il is milked, because it
prevents the owner of the dairy from distinguishing the
good from the bad cows milk, so as to enlighten liis
judgment respecting the profit that he may derive from
each. Without this precaution he may have the -.vhole
produce of his dairy greatly debased by the milk of a
bad cow, for years together. A better practice, therefore,
would be, to have the milk drawn from each cow sepa-
rately, put into th." creaming pans as soon as they are
milked, without being mi.\ed with each other; and if
these pans were always made of such a size as to be able
to contain the whole of one cow's milk, each in a sepa-
rate pan, so that the person who manages the dairy ,
could thus remark the quality and quantity of each
cow's milk, and the same cow's milk were always to be
placed on the same part of the shelf, having the cow's
name written beneath, there could never be the smallest
difficulty in ascertaining which of the cows it would be
the owners interest to dispose of, and which lie ought
to keep and breed from. If it be intended to make but-
ter of a very fine quality, it will be advisable, not only
to reject entirely the milk of all those cows which yield
cream of a bad quality ; but also in every case, to keep
the milk that is fir-t drawn from the cow at each milk-
ing, entirely separated from tliat which is drawn la-t;
as it is obvious, if this be not done, the quality of the
butter must be greatly debased, without much augment-
ing its quantity. It is also obvious that the quality of
the butter will be improved in proportion to the small-
ness of tlie quantity of the last drawn milk which is
used, as it increases in richness to the very last drop
that can be drawn from the udder at that time ; so that
those who wish to be singularly nice, keep for their

very best butter a very ^mall proportion only of their
last draicn milk.''

We do not know that any of those who have made
or attempted to make butter for premiums have pro-
ceeded in conformity to the above directions by Dr
Anderson, in their full extent. Mr Luther Chamber-
lain, who in December last, obtained a premium of .oO
dollars from the Massachusetts Society for promot-
ing; Agriculture, made use of cream of the first
rising only, and observes in specifying his mode of
making said butter that " the dairymen want to get rich
too fast ; this is a great reason why you do not have
better butter. At this season of the year the cream
ought not to stand on the milk more than 12 hours in
order to make good butter, of course we do not get more
than half the cream. TThere will rise another coat of
cream, which may be applied to other uses except
butter."*

Here we have one of Dr Anderson's precepts put in
practice, viz. that of using, for making the best butter,
that portion only of the cream, which rises first to the
surface ; and perhaps Mr Chamberlain's success may be
mostly owing to his observation of this rule. We wish
that Dr Anderson's other rules might be observed by
those who are striving to excel in that branch of econo-
my, viz. that of keeping the milk, which is first drawn
from a cow separate from that which is drawn last, and
use the last drawn only for butter of the first quality.
The cow keeper, would also derive great advantage
from keeping the milk drawn from each cow in a sepa-
rate pan, and thus he would have not only an accurate
criterion for estimating the character and value of each
of his cows, but by using only the first risen cream, of
the last drawn milk of such cows as give milk of the
richest quality, he might hope to manufacture better
that would excel even the best premium butter which
has ever won a prize at our exhibitions.

DOCTORINU SILK WORMS.

We found the following among some scraps, cut out
of a newspaper, but the head was wanting and we have
no means of judging of the accuracy of the article. If
correct the information it contains must be valuable, if
not, it can do but little harm, for if the worms do not
like their medicine they will not take it. But if they
do take their doses, they will no doubt be benefitted by
the prescription.

Mr Editor— The culture of the Silk worm having
lately been agitated to a considerable degree, and being
likely soon to become an important branch of industry
in this country, I consider it the duty of everyone
possessing information in any way relating to it, to lay
it immediately before the public. Under this impres-
sion, I lake the liberty of sending you the following ex-
tract from a Philadelphia paper, hoping it may be found
useful to those interested in raising the worm.

At the same time I would remark, that at the date of
the publication of this extract, the culture of silk had
become so extensive, that a company was instituted,
under the title of " The Filature," which purchased
cocoons at from three to five shillings currency per
poundi The subsequent troubles with England, in all
probability put a stop to the proceedings of the concern,
Philadelphia, June P, 1772.

'' Il may be woith the attention of the raisers of Si7/i:
worms that there were two instances in Bucks county,
last year, where the worms throve well till after the
third moulting, and when they were almost ready to
spin, they left off feeding, crawled about, their tails be-

became smaM and turned yellow, the deadly symptoms
among us, and they began to die fast ; but merely by
accident in one of the instances, and from design in the
other, oak leaves were laid in their way, which they de-
voured greedily, gained health and vigor, and spun as
well as any worms could do."

It is to be regretted that the hind of oak leaves is not
mentioned. Perhaps, however, this is not material as
all the varieties of the oak possess more or less astrin-
gency, which is probably the operating principle in this
case. At any rate it would be easy to give the wornis
their choice from several varieties of oaks, and as in-
stinct is unerring the little patients would select the
medicine best adapted to their case.

Remarkable Asparagus. — Mr Samuel Pond, of
Cambridgeport, exhibited at the Horticultural Rooms
specimens of this vegetable of an uncommon magni-
tude, and deserving honorable mention in the annals of
Horticulture, viz.

May 30. 12 shoots, common length, weight 2 lbs.

June 6. 12 do. do. 2J

This was raised by the common mode of cultivation ;
but the kind is far better than the Dutch, or aijy other
sort now in use. I had it under the name of the Giant,
and it has proved as it was recommended to me.

S. Pond.

This was the largest and best it is believed ever ex-
hibited, or brought to Market in Boston.

* SCO p. aoCof the current volume oflhe New England Farmer.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAI- SOCIETY.

flowers exhibited.

Saturday, June 13, 1835.

Samuel Walker, Roxbury. Hesperus matronalis alba
pi.; iris Siberica; do. var. yellow and brown ; do. var.
purple and violet; Spirea filipendula ; Robinialiespida;
Saxifraga (London Pride) .' Phlox paniculata ; do. alba;
Scotch Roses, &c. And in addition to these a new
Dianthus var. ; Walker's No. 5, beautiful, and superior
to ainy of the kind before exhibited.

S. Sweetser, Cambridgeport. Variety of fine Ge-
raniums.

John A. Kenrick, Newtown. Pteonias paradoxa frimj
briata ; do. officinalis rosea; do. albi flora rubescens ;
Azalia's calendulacea incarnata; do. exuberens; do.
chrysolecthra; do. var.; Rose acacia ; new do.; aris-
tolachia sipho ; Roses, Irene ; do. single yellow ; do.
Scotch Dutchess of Gloucester ; do. single red do.
do. Ferox ; Crastagus, double white ; Syringo fragrant ;
Honeysuckles; Scarlet Trumpet; do. white Italian;
do. early Dutch ; do. Douglassi.

James Kavenaugh, Cambridge. Variety fine Ra-
nunculus.

William Kenrick, Newtown. Pasonias ; Syringes ;
var. purple Beech; Scotch Roses, &c.

Samuel Pond, Cambridgeport. Roses, yellow ; Rub-
ra ; Bauvsauth and Pinks.

Amos Atkinson, Esq. also favored the Society with
a superior specimen of Papaver orientalis.

Edward Augustus Story, from Winship's establish-
ment, a verj' large variety of flowers.

For the .Committee, Jona. Winship.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

Strawberries. Fine specimens of large size fromJJ.
L. L. F. Warren of Brighton. Handsome specimens
from Richard Ward of Roxbury.

Alpines. Handsome specimens from Joseph Warren,
Brighton.

For the Committee, William Kenrick.

VOL. XIII. NO. 49.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

an

FANEUIL HALL VEGETABLE MARKET,

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1835.

Green Peas, G2j lo 75 cts. per peck. Turnips 12^ cts. per
bunch. Cucumbers 1,50 per dozen. Onions Gi els. per
bunch. Rliubiirb 6 cts. per lb. Letluce 3 cts. per head.
Radishes 3 cts. per bu|)ch. Asparagus 8 cts. per bunch.
Strawberries 6i^\o 75 cts. per box. Gooseberries 17 to 20 cts.
per box.

HKIf'ERS FOR SAL,E.

For sale in Roxbury, a pair of Twin Heifers, 3 years old
next August. Tliey Inoli precisely alike, and are of a fine size.
Inquire of Col. VVyman. or .Mr Fisher.athis Hotel in Roxbury

The mother of the above mentioned Heifers was a twin, and
during twelve years from May 15, 1822, to May, 1833, had
and raised seveuleen calves.

June 10. CATHARINE BLANEY, Roxbury.

FOR SALE,

At the Ten Hills Stork Farm, 12 Mules, two years old, sired
by imported .Maltese Jacks.

Also, a full-blooded Devonshire Bull, 3 years old— a very
good animal. Also, a full-blooded Devonshire Cow, 2 years
old ; both from imported stock.

Charlostown, June 10. SAMUEL JAQUES.

PI.OWER POTS.

The subscriber has for sale at his pottery in Danvers, a new
style of Flower Pots. Sanjplcs of the Pots may be seen at
the .\gricultural VVarehouse, No. 51, North Market street.

June 10. 3t. BHLES OSBORN.

PEAR STOCKS, &c.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocksl Apple Stocks;
White and Pink Flowering Horse Chesnuls, and Honey Lo-
custs, for sale on very reasonable terms. Apply to

April 29. GEO. C. BARRETT.

ST HELENA POTATOES.

200 bushe's of this very superior Potato for sale" at Brimmer
iV Inches' store on the T wharf, at 80 cents per bushel by MO-
SES IIEALEY. '^ apr"il23

FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

An excellent Farm containing 70 acres, situatetl in Marlbo
rough. Mass., with a house and bsrn thereon, for sale, or woidd
be exchanged for property in the city of Boston. For terms
and particulars inquire of'G. C. H.\kRETT at this otlice, or
N. B. PROCTOR, Esq. of said Marlborough. 6m.

SILK COCOONS WANTED.

The subscriber, encouraged by the late act of the Legisla-
ture to reel and throw .Ymerican Silk, wishes to purchase at
the Agricultural Warehouse in Boston, Silk Cocoons, and will
pay ^3 per bushel for the best, and in proportion for poorer
ones. [mfi] G. C. iJARREPT.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEED.

JosT received at the New England Seed Store, 61 dj- 52
North Market street,

A quantity of fresh and genuine White Mulberry-seed, from
one of the greatest Mulberry Orchards in Connecticut, warrant-
ed new and good, directions accompan^'ing each package.

June H 1834. GEO. C. BARRETT.

GROUND PLASTER,

From the Lubec Manufacturing Co. in casks of 500 lbs.
each, constantly on hand and for sale by GEO. CLARK &
CO. No. 9, T Wharf. april 8.

MORUS MULTICAULIS.

Trees of the above new variety of the Mulberry for sale by
the subscriber at ,§40 per hundred. 55 per dozen, and 50 cts
each, being about six feet high. Orders solicited.

Feb. IS. GEO. C. BARRETT.

TO NURSERYMEN.

The subscriber wishes to relinquish the charge of his exten-
sive Nurseries to a tenant, or share it with a competent associ-
ate. A green house is contemplated as an appendage lo the
establishment. O. FISKE.

Worcester, March 16, 1835.

DISHLEY SHEEP. "

To be sold at Auction at Bhighton, on Monday June 22,
at 12 o'clock iM.—

15 ewes and 2 ewe lambs,
4 bucks and 3 ram lambs.
The old ones were expressly procured for the subscriber
by K. G. Newmarrh, Esq. of Newcaslle-upon-Tvne, and
were obtained from the flocks of Mr I. Bates and Mj Robert
Curry celebrated breeders in Northumberland, E. They have
been kept entirely separate from any other sheep, and war-
ranted pure blood. ENOCH SILSBY,
June 3 5t West Bradford, Ms.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. Buckminster's Nursery, Frainingham ; — Apple
trees, Cherry trees, Pear trees. Peach trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first quality, at cus-
tomary prices. ;, ■ * ^ march 4.

COMPLETE SET OP THE FARMER.

For sale at this ofiice, one complete set of the New England
Farmer, comprising twelve vokunes, neatly a d well bound,
and perfect. Price ^3 25 per volume, casfi. Feb. 18.

4000 APPLE TREES

For sale by the subscriber, at Fresh Pond, in Cambridge,
consisting of Baldwins, Russetts, Porters, Rivers, Siberian
Crabs, and Blue Pearmains. The trees are four years from
the bud and are probably the best in Massachusetts.

JONAS WYETH.

Cambridge. April 8.

VALUABLE AVORK ON AGRICULTURE.

This Day published by Gfo. C. Barrett, THE COM-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T.

G. Fessenden. Second edition, rcniseci aK</ improved by the
Author, ti'ith considerabl " additimis.

The first ed'tion \\as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent for a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mentlations to public patronage, and cannot fail to prove still
more useful to the community of cultivators.

This work has met with clecided and universal approbation
from the most competent jutlges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
Lowell and Rev., Henry Colman. The Editors of the
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the Maine
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, t^>c. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to publish
those of the other gentlemen who have honored the work with
their approbation.

•'Roxbury, April 6, 1835.

" Having perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq. in its first
edition, and having recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory to a second edition, I am of opinion that it is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know that the sci-
ence of Agriculture is so extensive as lo fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such an a-
bridgement full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. Bui I know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more instruction in so small
a conifiass than this work of Mr Fessenden.

m6 John Lowell."

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

corrected with great CAR£, WEEKtii

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Brushhil! turnpike, two miles
from Roxbury street, containing IG acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, ly.'o barns and outhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre containing \'aluable fruits
&c. The situation is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulars inquire of Messrs LOT
VVHEELRIGHT If SON, 46 Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on the
premises.

LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS.

Dr King informs his friends and the public tha- he contin-
ues to prepare and affix to buildings his improved Lightning
Conductors, They are approved by all practical and well
informed Electricians, in alTording superior protection against
Lightning to the o!d form. Gentlemen in want of Ligluinng
Conductors are invited to call at his rooms, No. 54 Coruhill,
Boston, where they may be satisfied of the superior effects of
his Rods, by illustration — where also may be had, P/ate and
Cylinder Electrical Machines, Galvanic Batteries and their
apparatus — all warranted of the best workmanship and supe-
rior power. Prices reasonable, for cash or appro\'L-<i credit.

may 20.

FLOWER SEEDS.

An extensive collection of splendid Annual, Biennial and
Perennial F'ower Seeds, comprising some new and choice
varieties, for sale by GEO. C. BARRETT. april 22.

SILVER FIRS, &,c. •

William JL.nn of Bangor, Me. will execute at short no-
tice orders for Silver Firs, Evergreens, 4'c. well packed and
in good order. april 8.

SEED CHENANGO POTATOES.

500 bushels superior quality for planting, from Penobscot
river for sale by G. CURTIS, No. 104 Faenull Hall Market.
may 20.

(prime)

Apples, . . . . .

Beans, white

Beef, mess, tnew)
Cargo, No. 1.

prime, ....
Beeswax, (American) .
Butter iiis[}ected. No. 1, .
Cheese, new milk, .
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
Flax, American,
Flaxseed, . i

Flour, Genesee, . . cash
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white.
Rye, northern.
Barley,

Oats, northern, .
Hay, best English, .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey, . .
Hops, 1st quality

2d tjuality .
Lard, Boston, 1st sort,

southern, 1st sort,
Leather, slaughter, sole,

do. upper, .'

dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. ,
Baltimore, sole, . .
Lime, best sort,

Pork, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .
Navy, mess, .
bone, middlings.
Seeds, Herd's Grass,
Red Top,

Red Clover, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle,
Silk Cocoons, (.\mericao)
Tallow, tried, ....
Wool, prime, or Saximy Fleeces,
American, full blood, washe*
do. 3-4ths do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. l-4and commoix
Native washed

f Pulled superfine,
1st Lambs, .
M do.
2 I 3d do,
^ [1st Spinning, .
Southern pulled wool is generally B
less per lb.

t-6 I 1

PROVISION

retail PR

Hams, northern,
southern.
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) ,

lump
Eggs,
Pot.vtoes,

ClUER,

barrel

bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel
it

pound

bushel
cwL.
jiound

KHOM

3 50

1 62

13 00

11 50

9*00

20

IG

8

40

35

10

] 33

6 50

C50
6 37
93
i.7
85
95

52
19 50

15 00

16 00
37
13

11
9
19
12
16
18
27
25

1 00
21 00
16 00

2 25
75

8
25
2 00
7 50
70
GO
55
45
40
38
GO
45
30
25
35

500

2 50

13 50

12 00

950

22

10

9

45

39

11

1 37

6 62

6 75

6 50

95

88

87

1 00

55

21 00
18 00
18 00

42
14

12
10
■20
14
18
20
29
27

1 05

22 00
16 50

2 37
87

9
03
300
I 8 00
85
65
GO
50
45
80
.65
60

sa

30
40

MARKET.

pouod

12

1

n

tl

10

il

20

n

24

dozen

15

bushel

50

barrel

3 00

13
8
7

14

16

3 50

BRIGHTON MARKET,— Monday, Juke 15, 1835.
Keported for the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.

At Market, 270 Beef Cattle, 10 pairs Working Oxen,
24 Cows and Calves, 600 Sheep, and 255 Swine.

Prices. — Beef Cattle — About the same prices as last
week were obtained for a like quality, viz : a lew pair
very fine.were taken at 403 ; prime at 36 a 39s ; good
32 6 a 34 6 ; thin 23 6 a 32 6.

Working Oxen — No sales were made.

Cows and Caicei— Sales at $20, 23, 25, 98, 32, 35 and
37 50.

Sheep and Lambs — We noticed a ie-w lots taken at
12s, 13s 6d and ]5s, and one lot at 18s ; a few old ones
included in each lot ; a lot of fine weathers, (including
a few cossets) were taken for .$3 75.

Stoine — Several lots were taken to peddle at SJ for
sows and G^ for barrows ; a lot of large barrows at Gc ;
at retail 6 for sows and 7 for barrows, a few spring pig
were sold at 10c.

829

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUNE 17, 1835.

jeasssnasiASfS".

[From llie VV'estnrn Luminary.]
DEATH OF A PIOUS YOUNG MAN.

Not by pang, or pall, or sliroud,
Bui by Bkies wilbout a cloud,
Peaceful smiles of lioly birth,
Joys tliat had no root on earth, —
We who marked thy transient span
Glow with love to God and man, —
Remember thee.

By that faith whose power bestows
Victory over pains and woea, —
By its bolder flight to rise,
O'er affi-clion's rose-wreathed ties, —
They who near thy couch of death
Watched thy sweetly rendered breath
Remember thee.

With a guardian angel's care,
With a mystic call to prayer.
Sleepless watch to guard and blesa,
Witig outspread when dangers press,
Spirit's smile, and spirit's kiss,
Wilt Ihou, in Ihy home of bliss.

Remember them .'

L. H. S.

A KOBLE EXAMPLE.

A family in the interior of Massachusetts were
in such indigent circumstances, as to be wholly
dependent upon the avails of the father's industry
as a day laborer. The eldest son, a fine promising
boy, as soon as he arrived at sufficient age, was
put out to labor for the support of the lamily.
Having received a good coniinoii education, which
is the noble birthright of every poor man's son in
Massachusetts, he was sorely unwilling to com-
mence life under such discouraging auspices.
He entreated permission to leave home and seek
employment elsewhere, pledging liimself to do
something better for his parents than he could
earn by his labor. The parents were opposed to
the plan, and strove to make liini contented. At
length, however, all obstacles were surmounted,
and the youth left his native j)lace, and entered
into the wide world, destitute and friendless. For
several years the jiarents had no other tidings of
their son than the receiving from him frequent
and valuable i)resents of clothing, &c., which
supplied all their wants. By this liberality the
family was placed in circumstiiiices of comfort,
and the younger children ])laced in a public
academy and well educated.

In the mean time this excellent youth had been
pursuing the i)atli of untiring industry and irre-
proachable integrity. lie had obtained a place in
a store, and won the highest confidence of his'
employer. Afterwards he begun business for
liimself, and a competent support for himself and
his father's house rewarded his toil. JLast .suui-
mer he visited liis native place, purchased a farm,
and presented it to bis father; and in belioldin
his parents in comfort and plenty, through his
honest exertion.s, he must have enjoyed the high
est earthly pleasure tluit can be given to mortal
man. This young man, whose name the ancients
would have inscribed on pillars of brass, is still
pursuing liis course of honest and honorable in-
dustry, and keeps a grocery store in Charleston,
S. C Boston Tel.

A SPRING MORNING.

To walk abroad among rural scenery on a fine
sunny moriling, is to ramble in the temple of the
Deity, and witness the creative process ; every
day, almost every hour, witnesses some change :
buds, blossoms, leaves and flowers are woven by
unseen hands, painted by invisible artists, and
perfumed from "vials full of odors sweet" — we
look upon them in the morning with surprise and
pleasure, while the first dew and sunbeam arejfis-
iting them. What an admirable and perfect taste
must he have, who performs all this ! There is
no noise, no useless display. The creator therein
teaches modesty to his creatures. His goodness
is also visible — the blossoms soon perish, but
their hue and fragrance are the breathings of a
benevolent mind. Look at the multitude of little
heaps of sand that lie in the path, and suffer your
eye to rest for a moment upon the busy and appa-
rently happy insect that brings out his grain of
sand. Notiiing seems too minute and insignifi-
cant for the Almighty to put his hand upon and
invest with faculties of intelligence and happi-
ness.— Boston Courier.

Natural Phenomena. — We saw from our of-
fice window yesterday morning a sight, which,
had we lived and seen it in the superstitious days
of our ancestors, wou'd have made our very hair
stand on end with terror. It was a large vessel,
under a press of canvass, a|iparently sailing in the
air at an elevation of not less than a hundred feet
from the water, directly across the mouth of our
harbor. Knowing however, how to account for
it on natural principles, it filled our mind only
with delight. The sun was shining very brightly
at the time, — tlie image of the vessel reflected in
the mist above her, was perfect, and as she passed
swiftly by, coursing through the air " like a thing
of life," we thought it one of the most beautiful
" ]jictures " we had ever beheld. — Gloucester Tel.

Joseph Clark, after having been fortyfive years
Treasurer of Rhode Island, was, at the age of
seventy, nominated for Governor ; he declined,
assigning the following reason : " As I have en-
joyed a good character among my fellow citizens
all my life, as is proved by their choosing me
their treasurer' more than forty years, I have no
notion of losing it now in my old age by being set
up for Governor."

Mr Buckingham, the celebrated oriental travel-
ler— now a menjber of the British Parliament —
stafes that the strongest race of men he has ever
^mb. were the natives of the Ilimmaleh Moun-
t«^s, and came to Calcutta as wrestlers; one of
v/JjtOm u;i| a match for three Britotis. Yet
the^o mrit^ he says, had never drank anything
sti0jixgcr than milk.

The Boston and Lynn India Rubber Com])any
nifcufacture a beautiful article — the hydrostatic
bogft; which must eventually be introduced into
ho^itals. .Jt is constructed in the following
er. A>bo.\ about six feet six inches long,
irtytwo inches in width, is made perfectly
watw" tight, and filled with warm or cold
as mhy be desired. Over the surface of
the water, is an India rubber cloth sheet, imper-
vious also, \^atl)^ a slack of about nine inches. A
sick person derives extraordinary comfort from it.

DR'V GOODS AT REDUCED PRICES.

The subscriber intending leaving this part of llie country for
llie South about the Isl of August next, otfers for sale the
wliole of his extensive stock of rorciga and Domestic Goods,
and lease of the store No. 4-14 Washington st — and the stock
will he sold at very rtiduced prices al retail until closed, among
which are the following variclies, viz i —

13roadcloths, Cassiineres, Athenian Cassimere, Rouen Cas-
§inierc, Athenian Camlets, d^c.

4 bales of superior Welch, English and American Flannels.
Some of them are very superior, and are warranted not to
shrink in wash ng.

2 bales of Angola Flannel, an excellent article for summer
wear.

1 bale Domet Flannel, 4 do col'd American do.

4 do col'd Doniets,

3 cases of superior English Cambric Dimoties,
1 do. do Furniture Dinidty,

1 do col'd Poult de Sole Silk, at 3s per yd, of an excellent
quality,

Cases Irish Linens of superior quality,
do English and American Prints,
do and bales of brown ami bleached Shirtings,
do of white Cambric and Cambric Muslins,
do of Bishop Lawns, from 20 cents to 5s 3d per yard,
IfiOO ps Nat kin and Canton Straw Car|.eting,
Cases of Taylor's Persian Spool Cotton, at 3s per dozen, or
5 cents per spool, wai ranted of very superior quality,
Cases of Spool (^olton at 6d per dozen,
I case of open work cotton Hose al Is per pair,
Cases of 4-4 and G-4 Bobbinel Laces, fm 9d to 5s 3d per yd.
1 case Grecian do. superior quality, al 23 per yard,

1 bale Russia Damask, 6-4 and 8-4 — a very durable article
for Table Clolhs,

2 cases India and English Silk Hdkfs.

2 do coFd Table Cloihs, aisorlcd sizes,

1 do col'd bordered coUon hdkfs. ; imitation L. C. at 9d
each. •■

I case Linen hdkfs. 4 do American Sewing Cotton,

5 hales Russia Crash,

3 cases Linen and Cotton Tapes, 1 do. English Pins,

7 bales of Tickings, assorted qualities — and a great variety
of other goods, which will be sold in proportion.

ELUCSTOINE iiREWER,
June 3. 414 Washington street

HOIililS' CELEBRATED HORSE I.INIMENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, Wind- Galls, Old Strains, Stiff

Joints, Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are

strained in the back sinews, irrnnc^ in the withers, SfC. ; also

for Glandular sv^ellings of the throat.

The iiigredionts which compose tliis proparr lion have been
carefully selected after many years' experience, and are soma
of the most successful remedies united, correctly proportioned
and happily adapted to afford rcliel in all the above mentioned
complaints; ihe pro[rrietnr feels assured thai when once this
article is used, it will be preferred to any other, as it is decid-
edly 'he best and certainly Ihe most convenient article in use.

N. B. Persons aftlictetl with Rlieuinatism, Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Stifi'ness, or Weakness in the .loints, will iind this
Linimenlja valuable and efKcacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by TMOMAS IIQL'LIS, Druggist and
Chemist, No. 30, Union Street, Boston, ftlass.

ILf' The Public are requested to observe that each label is ^
signed.

Price for|large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o29

■WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is well acquainted with his business in all
its branches, and who can procure ^ood recommendations trom
his last employers. Enquire al G. C. Barrett's Agricultural
Warehouse, Boston. niG.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at ^3 per annum,
payable at the cntl of the year — but those who pay within
sixty days from the time of subscribing, are entitled lo a de-
duction of tifty cents.

l]_r No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

New York — G C. Thorburn, G7 Liberty-street
Albany — Wm. THORBUitN, 347 iMarket-strcet.
Philadelphia — D. i^- C. l.AMjnuTH, 85 Chesuut-strect.
Baltimore — I. I. tiiTCHcocK, I'ulilislier of American Farmer.
Cincinnati — S. C. Pakkhukst, 23 Lower Market-street.
Flushing, N Y. — Wm. I'uinck >V Sons, Prop. Lin. Bot.Gar.
Mfddlebunj, Vt. — Wight Chahman, Merchant.
Hartford — GooitwiN t^ ^^"' Booksellers.
Newtninjport — Emkn i-;zKR Stkohian, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. H. — John W. Foster, Bookseller. '
Woodstock. Vt. — J. A. Pratt.
Bangor, Ale. — Wm. Mann, Druggist.

Halifa.r, JV. S. — P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
iS(. ioiHs— Geo. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTI.E AND WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.

NEW EMCJI^AND FARMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

1'UBl.ISIIEl) BV GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultubal Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSEM)EN, EDITOR.

. I m.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDA¥^EA''ENING,%UNE 24, 1835.

NO. 50.

[Tortile N'ew Cncland Piiriner.]

THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTIClIt.TURAI.

SOCIETV.

I know of no Society in Eiiro[>e, or America,
whicli has in so slun-t a space of time produced
greater or more valuable effects upon the objecl.s
of its organization than this Society has done. It
lias developed talents and exertions beyond the
highest expectations of its founders. It has
awakened a spirit very favorable to the taste for,
and to the success of an art, highly conducive to
the pleasures, and innocent gratifications of life.
Every society in an advanced state of refinement
requires a corres|'onding degree of luxury.
Whether that luxury, shall be displayed in iriere
ostentation, in distinctions of no value, but to feed
the vanity of the possessors of wealth, or in the
improvement of those arts which contribute to the
pleasures, and innocent delights of the whole so-
ciety, is a question of great moment. That a
taste for horticidture in its most extensive sense,
incluiling the production of fruits, and of flowers
is one of the most useful and gratifying means of
promoting the happiness and rational enjoyments
of a people in an easy, and improving condition,
there can be no doubt. To the cultivator, it aftbrds
a soiu'ce of enqjloymiiit conducive to health, to
industry, to a high refinement of taste. To those
who partake of the fruits of his industry, not a
less degree of pleasure is afforded. It furnishes
the most natural, and the most agreeable means of
cultivating a taste for natural history in which we
are more deficient than any other nation in an
eqiuilly high state of civilization.

But it is a well known, and deeply lamented
fact, that untoward circumstances have divided the
effects, ami have threatened to destroy the useful-
ness of this hitherto harmonious society.

Having taken no part in these dissentions, and
Feeling as freshly, and strongly, as ever, a deep
wish for its prosperity, I would wish to make an
Bffort to heal these breaches, and to restore that
larmony, which is very much displaced among
uhii-ators of an art, which is harmony itself. The
jeauties of nature, the bounty of heaven whicli
:lothes our fields with the richest treasures for
he palate, and the eye, for the body and the mind,
brbid our itididgcnce of passion or prejudice in
he means ofimpriiviugthe.se bh'ssings. The ori-
iii of this dissention was tbeattenqtt to unite the
irivate etforts of individuals with a vast scheme
)f carrying on a great garden on joint account.
3ne would have hoped, that the history of the
;ardcn at Chiswick woidd have taught us wisdom,
)ut it failL'd to produce this effect.

What then are we to do, to reunite all hearts
ind hands in this good work.'

The first object is to forget, forget forever all
hat is past. The second, to avail ourselves of
he experience and knowledge which we have
btained. In the conuuencement, we did not
now, could not know the latent talents which the
Society has lirought to light. We now know
licm ; let us avail ourselves of that knowledge.

Let US select ths able practical men and place
themat the head of the society. Let useidarge the
number of officers. Let us give p'ace to merit,
solid merit as it has been exhibited at our shows,
and let us be contented to take any place assigned
to us in this valuable society. A society, which
can now boast of f fly able practical associates can
have no difficulty in filling its offices respectably.
Let it be done with coolness, and impartiality.
Let a grand conmiittee, composed of persons, not
seeking office, be selected to name the officers, alid
let us place a generous confidence in their nom-
inations, and rely upon it that the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society will arise with new vigor,
and with united counsels, s<'eking only the pros-
perity of the general objects of the Society.
Above all, let us rcmetid)er, that the linnts of the
society are the whole Slate, and that every culti-
vator is our brother and friend.

A Mrmber of the Mass. Hort. Societt.

Roxbury.

[For Ihe New Enpl-niid I',nnner-J
SCRAPING FRUIT TREES.

East Hartford, June 15th. 1835.
Mr Thomas G. Fkssenden —

Dear Sir — I have for the two last yenrs scrap-
ed my Apple and Pear trees towards the latter
part of June or commencement of July, and think
from the experiment it is much the best season to
scrape the ross from the bo,!y and largo limbs of
fruit trees, I have ever tried. I prefer to scra[ic
them with a hoe soon after a rain, as they scrape
much better when moist.

It is well known that many apple trees bleed,
turn hiai-k, and arc much injured, when scraped in
the spring season. I knew it was the rule with
some farmers (if they had a tree in their orchards
that was unthrifty, or was not good to bear) to
peel off the who'e bark from the body of the tree
during the longest days in June, and that a new
hark is soon restored at that season. If the trees
arc scraped abundantly, and some of the bark en-
tirely torn ofi" they heal immediately and do not
bleed. I cut several decayed limbs from one tree
two years since, which healed over much better
than when trimmed in the sjiring. I think the
fruit on those trees scraped in the above manner
much improved in size, as well as in thi; general
appcar.ince of the trees.

RELIEVING cattle CHOKED WITH APPLES,
ROOTS, ETC.

I have for about ten years pa.st, succeeded re-
markably in relieving cattle when choked with ap-
ples, potatoes, &c., by the use of a stiff roue about
6 feet long aud li inch in diameter with a wad of
cotton batting p aced on the end of the rope, cov-
ered with a strong rag, or piece of soft leather,
and secured at the end by running a waxed-end
through the wad and the rope to prevent the wad
from getting off when down the neck of the
animal.

The rope should be well greased before it is

u.scd, and melted lard turned down the neck of
the animal ; the ro[)e should be twisted down the
neck which wi'l follow the course of the windpipe
and forcp the potato or apji'e, &c. into the stom-
ach without danger to the life of the animal. I
had one jiiece of old stifi' rigging, which saved
about ten head of cattle within a few miles of me.
New tarred rope will answer ; no farmer should
he without one constantl)' by him.

Resj)cctfully, yours, George Olmsted.

Pigeon Creekj Pens. Joke 6th, 1835.

Mr Editor — Will you please give through
the New England Farmer, some information re-
specting the best constructed mills now in use for
converting bones into dust for manure. In my
district we let all bones lie and go to waste. I
attempted to pulverize some a few days ago in
one of my neighbors common bark mills, but I
think either you or some of your subscribers will
be able to give some better | Ian, as most likely in
your vicinity the matter has long been attended to,
and the most easy mode of grinding hones hit
upon. An iNquiRiNG Subscriber.

Chester County.

By the Editor. A mill for grinding bones for
manure in this part of the country has been re-
I eatedly inquired fbr, and would no doubt be a
great acquisition to the agricu'tural interest in this
vi(unity. Mr F. Sisson, of Warren, R. I., in an-
swer to an inquiry, similar to the above, stated
in a note [uib ished page 139 of the current vol-
ume of the N. E. Farmer that he owned a wind-
mill in that town, which was built for the purpose
of grinding for a distillery, but since that had
ceased to operate he harl hail no use for it. " This
mill operates two pair of stones, and with a
trifling alteratiwn may be made to grind not only
bread stuff, but plaster or bones, cither or all ;
would sell it so low as to make it an object for
those wanting to purchase a mill," &c. We wish
souie person might be induced to form a manufac-
tory fbr pulverizing hones. We have known it
recommended and perhaps it may be as good a
method as can well be devised to break the bones
by I lifting them under a circular stone, which
being moved round'on its edge by means of a
horse, in the manner tanners grind their bark,
will, it is said, very cx| editiously elTect the purpose
of grinding or pulverizing bones.

FODDER ON CORIV—REAPING WHEAT
UREEIV.

Prince Edwakd, 24th, Jan. 1835.
The subject of stripjiing Indian corn blades and
top[)ing the corn, is practised generally in this part
of Virginia, having been noticed several times in
the Farmer's Register, it has occurred to me, that
it may not be improper to add my experience on
the subject. I have fbr many years been satisfied
that it is very unprofitable inauagement. Though
I practise it, with a view of sujjplying a sufficient
quantity of fodder for my stock, I am consirained

394

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUNE 34, 1835.

to acknowledge, that it is notliing but sheer neg-
ligence in providing other means of su])plying
fodder or hay, that induces me to do so from year
to year. I will give you as nearjy as my memory
serves, the result of an experiment made by me
when a lad, under the special direction of my
father, who made a record of this experiment,
as well as of a great many others, which would
now probably be very useful, but which were all
lost or destroyed by his servants during the latter
declining years of his life. I cannot pretend to
rememljer accurately the quantities of corn and
fodder produced iti the experiment vliich was
made more than thirty years ago, and is nearly as
follows :

Thirtynine rows of corn, CO hills long, 54 feet
each way, and two stalks in each hill, were plant-
ed on tolerably good land, and cultivated as com-
mon, till it was thought proper time for pulling
fodder. I then carefully pulled the fodder oft' of
each first and second row alternately through the
piece, leaving each third row to stand with all the
fodder and tops on, till perfectly dry. When it
was thought the proper time, 1 cut the to( s oft"
each first row, so that there were 13 rows of corn
with fodder pulled and tops cut, 13 rows with
fodder ])ulled to one blade above the ear and tops
left to dry, and 13 rows from which neither fod-
der nor tops were taken at all. Each parcel of
fodder was cured and kept a]iart from each other,
and the blades were stripped from the tops of
each first row, at the time of cutting the tops;
and when cured, put with the fodder that had been
pulled from the same rows. Each |]arcel of corn
was gathered, and when jierfectly dry, shelled and
weighed separately, and the fodder from the 13
first rows and that from the 13 second rows, each
weighed separately. The quantity of corn raised
from the 13 first rows, from which the fodder was
pulled and the tops cut, was considerably less
than that raised on the 13 second rows, from
which the fodder was pulled and the t0[ s left
standing till dry, and still much less than the corn
raised on the 13 third rows, on which both fodder
and tops were left till perf ictly dry. The quanti-
ty of corn raised on the 13 third rows, weighed a
few ounces more than the corn and fodder both
together, which was raised on the 13 second rows
from which the fodder only was pulled, and tops
left standing — and weighed a few ounces less
than the corn and fodder, with the addition of the
fodder stripped from the tops raised on the 13
first rows, from which the fodder was pulled and
the tops cut. I remember the conclusions to
which my father and myself came were, that the
whole jiroduce in each case, was so nearly of
equal value, as to make scarcely an object worth
consideration, even in a large crop, and that the
whole labor of gathering and curing the fodder
and tops (a considerable item in u farmer's ac-
count by the by) was entirely lost.

Another experiment which I made about the
game time, of which I have not as perfect recol-
lection, was to strip the fodder from a number of
rows of corn, quite from bottom to top, taking oft"
all the blades at the usual time of pulling blade
fodder, from below the ears. My recollection of
this experiment is, that this last is the most un-
profitable management of any 1 have mentioned
in this communication — not being practically ac-
quainted with any other Juodcs of managing the
corn crop with a view to saving the fodder.

I will suggest to your readers, the propriety of

extending the experiments so as to test the relative
profit of cutting down the corn, fodder and all,
just before the fodder would die and dry up on
the stalks ; or rather at the time of pulling fod-
der. Those who have secured corn and fodder
in this way, generally approve the practice, but I
have not seen that any person has made a fair ex-
[leriinent by actual weight and measure, which is
the only way to avoid delusion.

It now occurs to me that I once made an ex-
[leriment on wheat that bears some analogy to
this practice. In a large field two adjoining
squares were accurately laid oft" to the same size,
where the wheat on both squares was supposed
to be equally good. One square was reaped with
a sickle, about three days before ripe, the time is
not certainly remembered, when the grain had
just attained the dough state, and dried and secur-
ed separately. The other square was left to get
full ripe, when it was reaped as the first in the
morning whilst moist with dew, to avoid shatter-
ing— I do not think a single head was lost in either
square. When both were perfectly dry, they
were each very carefully tlireshed, cleaned, and
weighed separately. The parcel which had stood
to get fully ripe, weighed so much more as to per-
fectly astonish me. The result was stated to my
father, who said he had tried the same experiment
several times with wheat, and once with barley,
and it had always turned out nuicli in the same
way — but in carefully picking up all the heads of
wheat that were left upon the ground in an ad-
joining square which had been well mown and got
in as common, we supposed that rather more good
wheat would generally be housed by cutting when
fully in the dough state, than by suflTering it to get
fully ri])e, when it would inevitably shatter and
scatter more than in the dough state.

Charles Woodson.

[The foregoing experiment on corn and fodder,
is precisely of the kind that is wanting to decide
this and many other controverted points in agri-
cultural practice — and which, when sufliciently
varied and repeated, will serve better to remove
doubts and establish valuable truths, than an hun-
dred tiil'.es as much space occupied by general
reasoning, and deductions from untried and there-
fore doubtful premises. This experiment is only
deficient in one respect — the long time which has
passed since the facts were observed and recorded.
But though this lapse of time lessens the force of
the result, by permitting doubts to rise of some-
thing having been forgotten, such are in some
measure counteracted by the internal evidence of
acciuate and particular observation, which the
manner of JMr Woodson's statements carries with
them. But even if this experiment had been re-
cently made, and was free from every objection
on the score of accuracy, it would need confirma-
tion (as in all other cases) by other experiments
made for the same object, and by different per-
sons and under various circumstances. It is to
be hojied, that even if none of our agricultural
societies will promote the institutions of regular
courses of experiments on doubtful points, that
enough individual farmers will make experiments
on the eftects and cost of gathering fodder during
the next season, as to settle this most important
question. If the absolute loss of labor in this
usual and long prevailing practice of Virginia is
as great as we have supposed, and even half as
great as may be inferred from the result of the
experiment above, the amount of the whole annual

loss and tax so paid, if saved, would be enough to
defray the cost of constructing all of the canals
and railways now in progress in the state, and the
expenses of the General Assembly to boot.

The experiment on reaping wheat green, or in
the dough state, though less accurately observed,
and reported in still more general terms, agrees io
the main with our own opinions, founded on the
practice of reaping green for about twelve years.
We have never made any one accurate exiieri-
ment on this matter — and should not have suppos-
ed the diff"erence to be near so great as is stated
in general terms above ; but the conclusion reach-
ed and acted upon, was the same as that which
seems to be supported by Mr Woodson's experi-
ment, viz. that however great may be the loss from
the shrinkage of the grain when reaped green,
there is much greater loss, on the average, from
waste by permitting wheat to stand until ripe.] —
Farmer's Register. '

Wool. — This article is becoming one of the
greatest importance to our country. Indeed, it
would be difficult to account for its culture having
so long been neglected, where all the means ' of
producing it are so abundant. We know of no
part of the world where Wool has been higher,
on an average, for the last ten years, than in this
country ; and no one better calculated to raise it
for export than this. Instead of making it an ar-
ticle of remittance to Europe, we have been, and
are at present importing it in large quantities, the
importer realizing, it is said, a fair profit for his
enterprise. By the growth and manufacture of
Wool, England has added iiumensely to her wealth
and power. Her clip has been estimated for
some years past to exceed one hundred and forty
millions of pounds annually ; while hei-e with a
soil better adapted to its growth, with lands at
about one eighth the price, and ten times more ex-
tensive, we do not produce more than seventyfive
millions of pounds.

In 1830, after a careful investigation, the num-
ber of sheep in the United States was estimated at
twenty millions, producing fifty millions pounds of
wool. At the present time a fair estimate wouldii
probably be above tweutyeight millions.

Pennsylvania especially, with her unoccupied
hills and dales, should look seriously tn this matter.
We believe that no state in the Union is better
adapted to the growth of wool, yet New York is
at ])resent ccmsiderably in advance of her. The
clip in New York is estimated at six millions of
pounds, while that of Pennsylvania is only fouri
to four aiul a half million. Either of these states
could annually produce twenty millions of pounds
without decreasing any other of their present pro-
ductions.

There are several counties in the western part
of this State that have entered with great spirit
into this business, and "sheep farms," (as they are
called) are rapidly advancing in value. Among
these we could instance Washington, Fayette and
Green counties. ']"he former county alone, wil
probably sell this year above half a million pounds
of wool, yielding at least two hundred thousand
dollars in cash, as the finer qualities of wool are
principally grown there. — Philadelphia Com.
List.

An iron bridge of a single arch, 186 yards span
has recently been erected in the Gironde.

VOL. XIII. NO. 50.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

Milcli Cows often occasiou a continual loss to
their owner, by not affonling a return in butter
and milk equal to their expense of keepinsf. In
order to avoid this, the inquiry should be made,
" How much milk ought a cow to give to be worth
her kec|iing ?" Most farmers will not find much
difficulty in answering this question. Let it be
ascertained by direct trial, how much milk, butter
&c. a cow will yield during the year, and place
the value of this on one side of the account ;
then determine the expense of keeping through
the year, together with that of the labor of feed-
ing, milking, making butter, &c. and place this on
the other side : and the farmer will discover at
once, whether he is pursuing a gaining or losing
business by keeping such cows as he has. The
method will also show in a strong light, the great
advantage of keeping good milkers. As an in-
stance, suppose a cow will yield, on an average,
eight quarts of milk a day, and that the milking
season continues nine months : this would give
2160 quarts. Now suppose ten quarts of milk
will produce one pound of butter, and that the
skim-milk and buttermilk are worth three dollars
lyear. The yearly produce of such a cow will
;herefore be
216 lbs. of butter at 12i cts lb. - $27

Skim-milk, &c. - .3

395

$30

Nothing is said of the value of the calf, as all
;he milk is taken into account.

If the cost of keeping and attendant expenses
)e twenty-five dollars, the clear profit will be Jive
iollars.

But suppose a cow instead of giving eight
[uarts a day, and the expense being the same, (the
ncreased labor being compensated by the increas-
d quantity of milk,) the clear profit, instead of
'eing^fue dollars, will be found by a similar cal-
ulation, to be eleven dollars and three quarters.
Phis shows the great additional profit even where
he increase of milk is small. If the cow give
nly six quarts a day, a similar method would
liow an actual yearly loss of four dollars and
sventyfive cents. — Genesee Farmer.

"There were two drivers to each team, one of
whom sate on the yoke of the .second pair, with
his back forward and his face toward the |ilougli,
and drove the two forward yoke. '1 he other
driver sat on the yoke of the fourth pair, witli his
back forward, and drove the third and fourth
[lairs ; and the hinder pair was governed by the
person who held the plough. Why they set in
this awkward jjosition I cannot imagine. The
ploughs consist of a great block of wood some-
what resembling a shoe with a pointed toe, and
were without a coulter and share, with one han-
dle and a long curved tongue. One yoke of oxen
with a plough of the New England model would
plough more ground in a day, than five yoke with
their native ploughs. I saw six yoke of bullocks
dragging a cart with massy stone wheels, whose
weight, I should think, was greater than the whole
burden on the cart. Such is the disadvantage at
which the natives of this country do their work.
The only work which I observed as performed
after the manner of New England farmers, was
reaping with sickles. Grain is trod out by bullocks."
— Salem Landmark.

remarked, about the size of a pea ; a.>d those who
liave plum trees, as there arc njany on the Con
necticut, are exceedingly j uzzled to account for
th,,s state of things. We had a branch brought to
this office from Cornish which really has a very
curious and singular a| pearance. We are inform-
ed the trees have soue ten years back suflfered in
the same way, but the cause is a mvstery. Nothing
like a worm is to be found in the swollen fruit.--
Clareviont J\rational Eagle.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

Our missionaries abroad are continually making
seful additions to geographical and scientific
lowledge. Their communications to the Amer-
an Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis-
ons from time to time published in the Mission-
•y Herald, seldom fail to contain much that is
iteresting, aside from the immediate subject of
leir labors. The journal of Mr Slone, in the
s: number, contains a graphic description of Sa-
ra, one of the native states of Hindostan, and
le surrounding scenery. He describes the coun-
y as very fertile, and presenting a beautiful ap-
iarance to the eye. In February last, travehing
oni the Ghauts to Sattara, within a distance of
ifeuty mill s he passed more than thirty vilages,
attered along beneath groves of 'wide spreading
jes. On either hand were ripe harvest fields,
er which, men, women, and children were
aced, to keep away the birds. The natives are
ostly farmers, as stout and athletic as the New
ngland firmer. Where the crops had been gath-
ed, the husbandmen were ploughing up the
;lds for another sowing, the soil yielding thne
ops a year. Mr Stone thus describes the man-
ir of ploughing:

Viaduct to the Boston and Providence
Rail Road. — This is a splendid work, which
might in the days of yore, have done honor to the
enterprise of an Emperor. But now, private
efforts accomplish such things without parade.
The Viaduct is to carry the road over a ravine of
about six hundred feet, and in the centre near
seventy feet deep. It is built of stone blocks,
procured at the distance of half a mile, and
drawn to the ground on common carts and wag-
ons, and then rough hewn into regular shapes. It
is a continuous wall with the exception of six or
seven ground arches, which pass a mill pond at
the bottom of the ravine. On each side of the
wall are ribs or pillars from the bottom, projectinw
two or three feet, at interva's of twenty or thirty
feet. On these, arches are sprung laterally with
the main wall, which will have the effect to give
sufficient breadth for the road, at the same time
that they increase the beauty of the architecture.
The two ujiper tiers of stones are to spread
across the arches, and above are to be raised iiar-
apets completing the work. For about half the
distance the arches had been thrown over last
week : but in no part was the basis of the road
completed, and for one third of the way six or
eight tiius were to be raised. The work is going
on rapidly, but must necessarily pccupy some
weeks before its completion. In the meantime
the cars run to the commencement of the Viaduct
on each side. — ^V. Y. Jour, of Commerce.

A Profitable Crop.—A Northampton gentle-
man planted last year a half-paper (costing twenty
five cents) of the Morns Multicaulis, or Chinese
^dulbcrry. The seed occupied a few feet square
of his garden, and the plants came up to the num-
ber of about two hundred and forty. For these
plants he has repeatedly this season been ofl^ered
twentyfive cents each. 'J he principal reason of
this, however, is that the seed originally procured
oi this species of mulberry has all been consum-
ed, and there is not much probability that any
more good seed can be procured from the same
quarter; and some years, of course, must be elapse
before it can be procured from native trees. Other
parcels of this seed have been obtained from
China since the first was imported, but none of
them have jiroduced anything, having without
doubt under the influence of the proverbial
jealousy of the Chinese been subjected to some
proces.s, which, without affecting the appearance,
de.stroyed the fructifying principle. — />an/t/m
M(rcury.

Canada Plums. — The plum trees all over this
section of the State and in the adjoining parts of
Vermont present a most singular appearance. The
fruit at this point of the season, unless injured in

some way, should be about the size of a pea

perhaps not so large. But the fruit every where
presents a most unnatural size, presenting rather
the appearance of green lemons than anything
else we can remember, swollen, wrinkled, and
puffed up, some long, others round, an inch long
and nearly as thick. They are of a bright green
or yellow color, tinged with a beautiful scarlet on
the outside, while they are completely empty
within. This fruit — the large red plum — in the
iiatural course of vegetation is at this time, as we

An editor of a paper in the interior of Penn-
sylvania, noticing the subject of wool growing
states a remarkable fact, that the fleeces taken
from a flock of sheep owned by a gentleman in
his vicinity, averaged a trifle over three pounds of
wool to the fleece. We can tell a story and a
true one too which will beat this. Abner Pelton
jr. Esq., of Chatham, in thiscountv, clipped from
twelve sheep, the present season, 70 pounds and
six ounces of wool after it had been cleansed suita-
bly for market. The flock are about seven eighths
blood merino, large and quite fat ; and were shear-
ed the year previous the tenth of June. One of
the fleeces from a yearling weighed nine pounds
three ounces. — Middletown (Conn.) Advocate.

3. BuEL — I see you liave an article in the
Cultivator, directing how to destroy the caterpil-
lar.

I Will state what I know to be a fact, that is
take a pail of soap suds, and with a swab attach-
ed to the end of a pole, swab the nest in the morn-
ing, and it will kill the worms and destroy the
eggs. It is the best remedy I ever saw, and the
quickest and cheapest. A. Bridges.

Milford, May 17.

Coughs and Colds. — Horse-radish cut into
small pieces and chewed in the mouth is an ex-
cellent remedy for hoarseness, coughs, colds, and
cases of incipient consumption. — Farmer's Gazette

Working cattle and horses will be able to per-
form much more labor where they are refreslrj !
by being supplied with water every hour o.- t • o,
than where they are worked half a day./i a time
without it. — Genesee Farmer.

396

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUNE 34, 1835.

^•®m2je4jwis>^wmsa

[From Tcausactions of the Essex Agricultural Society, for 1834.]
REPORT ON IRRIGATION.
The Committee of tlif Essex Agricultural So-
ciety on Irrigation, consisting of Daniel P. King,
Hobart Clark and Moses Newell, Report : —

That their attention was invited by IV!r Ebene-
zer Jenkins of Andover, to four acres of mowing
land on which he has been making an experiment
in irrigation. The field is a sandy grave), the
kind of soil most capablo of improvement by
watering, and is so situated as to be flowed at
pleasure. Mr Jenkins bought of a neighbor the
use of the water and the jirivilege of digging
through his pasture for ten years, for twenty dol-
lars ; he then built a dam across a constant stream
and made a chanuel about fifty rods in length ;
by means of this and other suWller ditches, he
conducts the water on to his field in such quanti-
ties and at such times as he thinks proper. Mr
Jenkins states that it is his practice to bring the
water on the last of April, and to stop flowing
atiout the 25th of June. In the spring of two
years out of the four that his land has been in a
course of experiments, he has applied a very light
top dressing. The experiment has been success-
ful and creditable to the enterprise of Mr J. ; the
average crop of grass for a number of seasons,
according to the statement of several disinterested
and judicious farmers, had not exceeded 10 cwt.
to tlie acre ; for three past years it was nearly
equal to 30 cwt. and the present season, was
judged to be two tons to the acre ; the quality of
the hay is good, <ind it would command a fair
price in the market.

Irrigation, though long and extensively practis-
ed in otlier countries, has been but seldom at-
tempted here. That it might be profitably em-
ployed by many farmers is probable, that it has
been so employed by Mr J. is certain. We will
offer him a few suggestions ; if the trial should
not prove tlicin to be im])rovements, he will have
the additional merit of having extended his ex-
periment, and having proved many things, he can
hold fast to that which is good.

We think he should commence flowing earlier
in the spring, and ilraw oil' the water sooner than
the 25th of June; his grass would he ripe earlier,
and by bringing on the water directly after the
hay is housed, he would probably secure a heavy
second crop. If his top dressing were applied in
the fall instead of the spring, it would protect the
grass in the winter, and might be productive of
greater advantage. Mr J. in his statement re-
marks that " ohserviition and judgment are re-
quired to know how and when to ap[)ly the water ;"
wo agree with him and offer our hints with some
distrust of our ability to advise him. The writers
on the subject whom we have considtcd, recom-
mend a course dilTerent from his in .some respects.
They say that the night, and cool or cloudy weath-
er are to he preferred for bringing on the water.
They also give a general rule, that no water
should he applied, (unless in time of drought,)
when the grass is tall and nearly full grown, as it
might cause it to lodge, might make it gritty, or
give it an unpleasant taste.

In our opinion Mr Jenkins's experiments and
statement are satisfactory, and entitle him to a
premium of $20,00

Respectfully submitted by Daniel P. King.
JVeto Rowley, Sept 25th 1834.

F.BENEZER JENKIKS's STATEMENT.
To the Committee of the Essex AgricidtuTal Society on
Irrigation.
Gentlemen — I present you with the following
as a statement of my method of irrigating my
mowing land. In the spring of 1831, I purchas-
ed of a neighbor for twenty dollars, the privilege
of conducting the water from a constant brook,
through his pasture, for the term of ten years; I
then made a canal or dittUi about fifty rods in
length, after constructing a wooden dam across the
brook ; and on the 31st of April conducted the
water on to one acre of sandy field land. This
land has a gentle slope towards the south, had
been four years in grass and the average crop was
about one half ton. I stopped the flowing of the
water, Jiuie 25th. The hay when nuide was es-
timated by judicious neighbors to be two tons.

In 1832, I continued and extended the experi-
ment. On the acre above named, I obtained
two-thirds as much hay as last year. On the two
acres, covered with water, for the first season, I
obtained by estimation three tons of clover hay.
Method of flowing the same as in 1831.

In 1833, I applied a light top dressing of com-
post manure, which I obtained by ploughing a
yard where I had watered my cattle one winter,
ft amounted to about four cords, was mixed fine,
thrown into a heap where it laid through one
winter, and was spread in the spring. I obtained
this year by estimation from 23 to 27 cwt. per
acre.

In 1834 in the spring, I spread on about four
acres eight cords of compost manure which I
bought for $2,50 per cord. The water was used
as in former years. The crop of hay has been
estimated by several farmers at from 30 to 40 cwt.
per acre.

It is not in my power to detail accurately the
manner of using the water, as no two seasons are
alike. Observation and judgment are required to
know how and when to ajiply the water. I let
the water on whenever we have a severe shower
for the benefit of the wash, which as you will
perceive on viewing the hind and brook, is great. I
consider the water of greater benefit when the sun
shines, than in cloudy weather at the same tem-
perature, as the water draws the sun, and the
warmer the water is, the faster the grass will grow.
In the season of 1832 the frequent rains deceived
me : on such sandy land we have seldom rain
enough to supply the wants of the grass : in that
year I think I did not bring on water enough.
The actual expense of my experiment and the top
dressing I have named, I estimate at .'ii58,00.
Resjjectfully submitted by

Ebenezeu Jenkins.
Jndover, Sept. Uth, 1834.

REPORT ON CIDER.

The Committee on Cider, consisting of Daniel
Fuller, Thomas Perley, William Thurlow and
Jesse Putnam, Report as follows :

That there were four barrels of cider presented
for premium, all of which was good, but the com-
mittee were of opinion that there was none of an
extra quality, and by the rules prescribed them by
the Trustees of the Society, do not feel at liberty to
award either of the |)remiuins. The committee feel
much regret that the liberal premiums oflcred by
the Society for eider of extra quality should not
excite more interest among the Agriculturists of

the County of Essex, abounding with fine or-
chards, and only requiring care in the manufac-
ture, and attention to the fermentation, to produce
a beverage hardly surpassed by any of the foreign
juice of the grape. And as they have reason to
believe that apples are not plenty the present sea-
son in the county of Essex, they indijlge in the
hope that the leisure will be improved in a lauda-
ble competition for the premiums of 1835, should
the Society offer them as usual.

Dean Robinson, Chairm,an.

REPORT ON PLOUGHING — DOUBLE
TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Double
Teams, consisting of Hobart Clark, Moses New-
el!, Nathan Pearson, Samuel Walton, and Jede-
diali H. Barker, Report :

That correct ploughing is the first and great
lesson to be taught and impressed upon a farmer,
and this consists in turning properly a straight fur-
row at a suitable and regular depth.

That this lies at the bottom, and is the ground
work of good husbandry, nmch more so than far-
mers in general are aj)t to imagine.

There were eight teams entered for premium,
and eight lots of twentyeight rods each. One
team withdrew ; the others ploughed as follows,
viz :

2 Hector Coffin ploughed 32 furrows 51 minutes,

3 Jared Kimball " 25 " 36 "

4 John B. Savory " 24 " 35 "

5 Daniel Moulton " 32 " 68 «

6 Samuel Bradstreet 32 " 66 "

7 Jesse Shelden " 28 " 60 "

8 William Foster, 3d 27 " 65 "

The Committee would observe that the work
was in general remarkably well done, several of
the lots so nearly equal that they found difficulty
in awarding the premiums.

The lots No. three and four, were ploughed re-
markably quick but not of sufficient depth, and
the furrows considerably wider than others and on
the whole not as well turned. It is believed the
most of success was mainly owing to the structure
of the ploughs.

Lot No. two, was well ploughed, but much more
time was taken in doing it than any other one.

The four remaining stood very near each other
in point of merit, but after a careful examination
we agree to report as follows :
The first premium to Samuel Bradstreet, $12,00
The seconil premium to Daniel Moulton, 10,00
The third premium to William Foster, 3d 8,00
The fourth premium to Jesse Shelden, 6,00

All which is respectfully submitted.

Per order, Hobart A. Clark.

REPORT ON PLOUGHING — SINGLE
TEAMS.

The Committee on ploughing with one yoke
of Oxen, consisting of Amos Kimball of Boxford,
John Narthend of Byfield, David Sawyer of West
Newbury, William Spoft'ord of Rowley, and
Richard Heath of West Newbury, ask leave to
report :

That but three teams were entered, and that
number ploughed. The land was laid out in lots
of about 20 rods each, and was drawn for audi
ploughed in the following maimer, viz.

Lot No. 1. John Broklehauk, of Rowley, bisr

VOL. xin. NO. 50.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

397

son Jeremiah, a lad 15 years old, jiloiighman and
driver ; the work was done in one hour and
twelve minutes, 52 furrows. Plough, Howard's
improved cast iron.

Lot No. 2. Joseph G. Dumincr, of Newhury,
Henry Rogers, ploughman and driver : work Mne
in 56 minutes, with 48 furrows.

Lot No. 3. Amos Slielden, of Beverly, Charles
Minot, ploughman, and driver ; work done in
45 minutes, with 46 furrows. Both Howard's
Plough.

The Committee are of opinion that the work
was well done, considering the selection of land
and quality of soil, the land being hard and con-
siderably rocky, but after close inspection of the
work, they were unanimous in awarding the pre-
miums as follows, viz.

1st to John Broklebank, of Rowley - $10

2d to Joseph G. Dumnier, of Newbury, 8

3d to Amos Shelden, of Beverly, - 6

Respectfully submitted by

Amos KiMBALL,/or the Committee.

Rowley, Sept. 25, 1834.

HARUENING OF LIDIK tlBIDBR WATER BY
ACTION OF" CARBOVATEOP POTASSA, &c.

By A. D. Bache, Prof, of Nat, Philos Sac. Univ. Penn.

The following experiments were made more
than eighteen months since, and were suggested
particularly at the time by the article of Professor
Emmett on the solidification of raw gypsum in
the air, by the action of the alkali, jjotassa, and of
certain of its salts. They commenced with an
examination of the effect of certain salts of potassa
and soda, and of caustic soda, on the hardening
of carbonate of lime, and of conunon lime, in
the air ; and by a rjatural transition, to a more inter-
esting subject, the effect of these, mid of other
materials, on the hardening of lime under water.
Not having leisure to prosecute this subject, I am
induced to ])uhlish the results already obtained,
that by attracting the attention of some one who
may be flivorably situated for carrying out the
course of experiment which they suggest, it may
be carried forward to completion. The conclu-
sions cannot fail to be of interest, both in a prac-
tical and theoretical point of view.

It is well known that certain impure limestones
yield, when calcined, a lime which hardens under
water, technically called hydraulic lime. Exper-
imenters, who have examined these limestones,
with a view to determine the ingredii nt giving
this hydraulic property, have not agreed in their
conclusions; the essential ingredient has been in
turn supposed to be silica, alumina, oxide of iron,
and oxide of niaganese. My friend. Col. Totten,
informs me that Col. Troussant, in a recent work
on mort;u-s, attributes this power of conferring
hydraulic properties, upon lime, in certain cases,
to soda — an ingredient which, before his examina-
tion, had not 1 believe, been detected in any
hydraulic limestones.

The method of ascertaining the effect of the
substances experimented upon, in causing lime to
harden underwater, was similar to that employed
by Raueourt, and described in his work on mor-
tai-s. The mixture having been made, and
brought to a paste of a proper consistency, was
placed at the bottom of a glass vessel, and water
poured gently upon it. A wire stem, terminated
at one extremity by a wooden disk, was placed
vertically upon the mixture in the vessel, and the
weight ascertained which was required to pierce

the mass ; the hole thus made being filled up, by
tamping the mixture with a bhmt stick, it was al-
lowed to remain exposed to the action of the
water for any desiied length of time, and then
subjected again to a sinular trial.

As almost all common lime is sliglitly hydraul-
ic, an examination of that to be used in the ex-
periment was first m.ade; having been slaked, and,
when made into a thick paste, placed at the bot-
tom of a wine glass, nnd water added, the test
stem was applied, the mixture having set, bore
1 oz. troy upon the head of the stem ; after an ex-
posure of one day, the mass bore 1^ oz. : and
after two days, bore 3^ oz. ; it had been so far
disturbed, that it would not resume its cohesion.

This common /ime was thus shown to possess
feeble hydraulic properties. When mixed with
sand and water, so as to form a tolerably rich mor-
tar, the mass, after it had set, bore 5i oz. on the
rod, and, afYer two days, 7 ounces, which was the
maximum weight borne. In its mixture with sand,
this lime formed a mortar which was feebly
hydraulic.

Sohie of this lime was mixed with caustic
hydrate of soda, which, however, had a portion of
adhering carbonate. The proportion of soda
added was not particularly attended to ; it was,
however, much less in weight than the lime. The
mass became so soft, that when, after tamping in
the bottom of the glass, water was added the test
rod penetrated it freely. Afler one day, the mix-
true bore 4 oz. troy, upon the wooden disk at the
top of the rod ; after another day, 5i oz., which
was the maximum. It recovered this strength
twice, by the interval of a day between the times
at which it was disturbed by the penetration of
the rod. Soda, it then appears, renders lime, to a
certain extent, capable of setting under water.

Lime being made into a paste, with soda and
water, acquired considerable consistency in the
air.

• When lime was made into a thick paste, with a
solution of carbonate of soda, and exposed to the
air, it crumbled into dust; this being mixed again
with water, assumed consistency at first, but sub-
sequently crumbled.

Lime did not set in the air, when mixed with a
solution of sulphate of soda ; the incoherent mass
was pulverized, and reset with water, which in-
creased the cohesion, but not very materially.
Under water, the paste of lime and sulphate of
soda, four ])arts of lime by weight, and one of sul-
phate of soda, bore 9 oz. ; but on the very next day
lost its cohesion.

Carbonate of potassa, mixed with lime, in the
proportion of six, by weight, of tlie salt, to two
of lime, formed a mass which crumbled in the air;
but, being reset with water, assumed considerable
cohesion.

This same mixture had hydraulic projiertics ;
for 4 oz, of lime, 2 of carbonic potassa, lind 11 oz,
of water, being mixed and placed under water,
bore, after two days' exposure, 64 oz,, or 5i lbs,,
whicl. was all the weight which was at hand. A
mass of the same mixture, which had been expos
ec! to the air, and was but slightly coherent, being
placed under water became quite hard.

An attempt was made, by reducing the propor-
tion of carbonate of potassa to about 12 per cent,
to harden the lime in the air ; but it did not
succeed.

A curious effect was produced by soda, and by
potassa, one arbonate of lime, reduced to po'wdcr and

after mixture with alkali and water into a paste,
exposed to the air. The carbonate became, in on"
case, harder than the original material, and rn
another hut little inferior to it in hardness ; in the
former case the experiment was made upon chalk,
in the latter, ui)on Carrara marble. The marble
had very nearly the ajipearance of the original
njaterial, and a cast taken from it would have had
a beautiliil appearance, very different from the
dull white of plaster of Paris. Neither of these
mixtures was hydraulic: and when a mass of
chalk and soda, which had hardened in the air,
was placed in water, it was completely disintegra-
ted.

I had, at the time of making these experiments,
a quantity of silica, which had been jirejiared by
passing fiuo-silicic acid into water, and which, .
never having been heated, was still soluble, though
of courije, in a small degree ; after repeated wash-
ings, it still restored the red color of alkanet,
which had been i-endered purple by a feeble alka-
line action. This silica was mixed with lime and
water, so as to form a paste, and being placed un-
der water, would not bear the weight of the test
rod ; it was exposed for four days, and was softer
at the end of the trial, than at beginning, — Jour-
nal of the Franklin Institute.

MOWIJfCJ A WAT GRAIN.

It is desirable in mowing away grain not only
to guard against the depredation of vermin, but
also to obtain the greatest stowage. To accom-
plish these objects it is necessary first to lay a
course of sheaves round the outside the hay with
their buts out and close together.

The buts of the second course should just
touch the bands of the first ; those of the third
course should lay on the bands of the second, and
same rule of placing the last course a little higher
up on the preceding one ought to be observed
throughout, so that the layers of sheaves should
have a couvex form, gradually rising from the out-
side towards the centre, and for this purpose, the
centre ought to be well filled in. By this arrange-
ment every layer will be a little more crowning
than the previous one, and so it ought to be. The
centre of a mow will always settle more than the
outside, and if the layers are made level, they will
soon become concave and dishing, as it is termed,
and theie will be a general pressiu-e of the exte-
rior sheaves towards the centre; of which the
consequence will be an unoccupied space between
the buts of the sheaves and the sides of the barn.
But if the layers of grain are of a convex form,
the outside sheaves will, as the mow settles, be
pushed back by the central ones, close against the
sides of the barn, upon the same principle on
which both sides of a log will be pressed out by
the force of a wedge driven between them. For
a similar reason, if liay be put at the bottom of
mow of grain, the surface on which the grain rests
ought to be a little crowning. But still the mow,
as our barns are usually constructed, will not have
that compactness which it ought to possess: the
buts of the sheaves which rests on the girts are
prevented by the girts from settling, so that a
space is left beneath them, which both occasions
a loss of stowage and affords a passage into the
ijiovv for mice. To correct this evil the girts
should not be more than three inches broad, and
further strength, if necessary, should be supplied
by giving them greater depth. — Western Farmer.

398

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUNE SI, 1835>

SrJlW 53S2?'<Sl£.^SF32i' SJ^SiSSHma

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 24, 1835.

LAIGHTON'S THRESHING MACHINE.

Among the adverlisemcnts in this day's paper may
be Beei^ one of the above named machine, of which
after attentive examination, and seeing it in operation
we enter'.ain a favorable opinion. A particular descrip-
tion of this implement is given page 290 of the current
volume of the N E. Farmer, by Mr William Claggett,
a gentleman well qualified to appreciate and describe
an improvement of this sort. We do not believe that
inventive ingenuity could be better employed than in
rendering more easy, effeclua!,and expeditious the de-
partment of rural labor to which this invention is ap-
plied.

The specific advantages resulting from the use of the
threshing machine are thus stated by Sir John Sinclair,
in The Code of .Agriculture. 1. From the superiority
of this mode one-twentieth part more corn is gained
from the same quantity of straw, than by the old fash-
ioned mode. 2. The work is done more expeditiously.
3. Pilfering is avoided. 4. The grain is less subject to
injury. 5. Seed can be procured without difficulty from
the new crops for those to be sown. 6. The market
may be supplied with grain more quickly in times of
scarcity. 7. The straw softened by the mill is more use-
ful for feeding cattle. 8. If a stack of corn be heated
it may be threshed in a day, and the grain if kiln dried
will be preseived and rendered fit for u§e. 9. The
threshing mill lessens the injury from smutty grain,
the balls of smut not being broken, as when beaten by
the flail ; and 10. By the same machine, the grain may
be separated from the chaff and small seeds as well as
from the straw. Before the invention of threshing
mills, farm laborers endured much drudgery ; the large
corn farmer sustained much damage fiom bad threshing;
and had much trouble, vexation and loss, from careless
and wicked servants, but now since the introduction of
this valuable machine, all his difficulties in this respect
are obviated.

If a machine of this description is valuable in Great
Britain where labor is cheap, it should be held in
much higher estimation in this country where the want
of " help" is the greatest obstacle to agricultural im-
provement. A good threshing machine such as we be-
lieve Mr l.aighlim's to be, would very mucli increase,
probably double the grain products of those parts of the
country in which its use may be common.

dressing; and for this purpose it would answer better
near the third hoeing ; for then the plants want the
greatest degree of nourishment, as they begin to grow
very rapidly. Two dressings with ashes to answer the
two purposes would not be amiss. The Genesee Farmer
says "when unleached ashes is applied it should be placed
on the surface round each so as not to touch the plants,
as it might otherwise injure them by its causticity.''

Cot Worms. — Every cultivator knows to his cost too
much about these ash colored worms almost black on
the back ; when fully grown, about the size of a goose
quill, and half as long as your forefinger. They are
very apt to cm^ o^ young cabbages, cauliflowers, beets^
Indian corn, &c. The Hon. Mr Fiske of Worcester,
Mass., in speaking of this insect says, "To search
out the spoiler and kill him is the very best course ; but
as his existence is not known except by his ravages, I
make a fortress for my plants, with paper, winding it
conically and firmly above the root, and securing it by a
low embarkment of earth."* Others have recommend-
ed to manure a soil infested with cut worms, with sea
mud, salt, sea water, quick lime or ashes, as antidotes
to these marauders.

F.\RMER'S AVORK.

Indian Corn. — As soon as the plants are three or
four inches high pass a plough, harrow, or what is
better than either, a cultivator, twice between each row,
going close to the corn, each lime, cut up the weeds
with a hoe, but draw no earth to the stems of the plants.

Some writers recommend a top dressing of ashes to
corn, and we have known it practised to advantage. J.
Spicer in Goouell's Genesee Farmer, stated that he
mixed plaster of Paris with one half leached ashes as
they are leached for common family use, put it in a cart
and shovelled and mixed it well. He then applied one
gill to the hill, ijnmediately after the first hoeing. He
has tried the same quantity of clear plaster side by side
twice, and found the mixlures to jjroduce the greatest
effects. Dr Deane recommended the application of
Qshes, and observed that " some lay it on just before tl e
first or second hoeing. It will have a better effect in
preventing worms, if laid on before the corn is up. But
it is cummonly designed to answer chiefly as a top

Loose Allegation. — The Albany Cultivator for
June, page 53, contains the following paragraph.

" Hardly Fair- — The Genesee Farmer has credited
the Ohio Farmer, and the Faimer and Gardener has
credited the Genesee Farmer, for articles which first
appeared as editorial in^the Cultivator ; and the New
England Farmer has inserted an article, upon which
we bestowed some labor without giving credit to any
one. When old editors show such a want of circum-
spection and justice, the i/o«7!^ ones are apt to imitate
their example."

" In Adam's Fall, we sinned all," but as to any par-
ticular trangression of the kind above alluded to, the
New England Farmer knows no more than one of the
inhabitants of Jupiter's Satellites; and presumes he is
as innocent as the child to be born 100 years hence.
Vf e might hni one of Mr Cultivator's articles going
astray in the newspapers and not knowing to whom it
belonged might use it to adofn our columns and instruct
our readers ; but we have no recollection of such " a
want of circumspection," and think it " hardly fair" to
accuse us without stating wherein consists our offence.
We would as soon take the Cultivator's beeves from
his barn, as wittingly make use of his original articles
without giving him credit; and if we have unwittingly
committed an offence of the sort, we hope that he will
be assuied that it was not owing to our fault, but to our
misfortune in not knowing to whom the a tide belonged.
We are fully sensible that we owe much to the conduc-
tor of the Cultivatoi-, and always have been willing at
least to give him credit for the whole amount due.

.MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL, SOCIETY.

»LOV\'ERS EXHIBITED.

Salurilay, June 20, 18:i5.
The brilliant display of flowers exhibited this day
justly excited the adiniration of all Amateurs, and es-
pecially those shown from the conservatory of that
prominent and distinguished Hoiticulturist, the Hon.
Mr Lowell, some of them were new, and never before
exhibiti;d at the Society's looms. The Cactus speciosis-
simus, was beautiful, and the interest evinced wa.s very
great on a<'Count of several large sized flowers being
produced on a branch or plant of small size.

Messrs Wilder, Walker, Kenricks, Hoveys, Wes-

ton, and others, made a display of very superior pro-
ductions, that would vie, with any former weekly exhibi-
tion of flowers. The following is a partial list of the
kinds presented.

Mr Alder, gardener from the Hon. Mr Lowell's. —
Cactus speciosissimus ; Marica cffirulea; Gloxinia spe-
ciosa ; Astrsemcria pelegrina; Cucumea zerumbets, &c.

M. P. Wilder Dorchester. — Bartsia coccinea ; Pffio-
nia whitleji ; Papaver orienlalis; Lupinus polyphyl.
lus, &c.

E. Weston, Jr. Boston, — Arum tryphyllum; Vibur-
num davuricum ; Sarracenia purpurea ; Camus panicu-
lata ; Azalia nudicaulis ; Arathusa bulbosa.

William Kenrick, Newton. — Pa;onia whitleji ; Iris
palida; Honeysuckles; Douglasii; Roses; Hemero-
callis flava, &c.

Messrs Hovey, Cambridgeport. — Allium moUes ; Pe-
tunia PhiE ; Galardia aristata; Calceolaria pendula ;
do. hybrida ; Spanish Iris Gladiolus, &c.

J. A. Kenrick, Newton. — Honey-uckles, early dutch,
Scarlet trumpet, yellow do., Douglassii, Pubescent;
PiEonia whitleji; Albiflora rubescens; Azalia chryso-
lecthra ; do. Calendulacea incarnata ; Variety roses ;
Delphinium sinen..iis ; Fraxinella; Robinia viscosa, &c.

S.Walker, Roxbury. — Pinks, No. 5 and 6 ; Bow's
Claudius; Ranunculus var. ; Roses; Phlox; Delphin-
ium sinensis, and a variety of other flowers.

Winship, Brighton Nurseries. — Many varieties of
flowers ; among which was the Chionanthus virginica
or white fringe tree. One of the most hardy and orna-
mental tiees of our country, stands the winter, how-
ever severe ; few of them have ever been Cultivated in
this section of our country, which is surprising, as its
foliage is fine, and its snowy white, and graceful pendu-
lous blossoms, immediately rivet th? attention of every
one ; fine size trees from six to ten feet high-can now
be procured of the different nuiserymen ; heretofor»
none could be had in any of the nurseries this side <f
Maryland.

J. P. Davis, Esq. — Fine specimens of the beautiful
moss rose Pompone.

B. Rogerson, Esq. — A fine Dahlia,

For the Committee, Jona. Winship.

FRniTS EXHIBITED.

Strawberries — By Samuel Pond of Cambridge-
port. Scarlet Virginian, five boxes, and a box of mul-
berry strawberries ; all very fine.

By Thomas Hastings of East Cambridge. Two box-
es of Keens' Seedling, of very exttraordinary size and
beauty.

By Elijah Vose, of Dorchester. Specimens of Keens*
seedling and early Virginia, of the finest quality.

For the Committee, William Kenrick.

See p. 362. vohime iv. of the New England Fanner.

A special meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultu-
ral Society, was held at their room on Saturday, June
20tli, 1835, Hon. E. Vose, presiding.

The Secretary being absent, Charles M. Hovey was
appointed Secretary protem.

It was voted, that the vote passed at the last meeting
in relation to filling the vacancies in the Society be
reconsidered.

Voted, That the committee to whom was referred
the subject of reporting a list of candidates for offices
of the Society for the ngxt year, be also instructed to re-
port a list to fill the vacancies now existing in the
Society.

Voted, That when this meeting adjourn, it adjourn to
Saturday the 27th inst., .at 11 o'clock in the morning, to
hear the report of this committee, and that notice be

ven in the papers stating the objects of the meeting.

vol.. XIII. NO. 50.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

A letter was read from Mr G. G. Barrett presenting to
the Society, the last three volumes of the New England
Farmer.

Voted, That the thanks of the Society bo presented
to Mr G. C. Barret, for his acceptable present.

Messrs George Trufautand J. E. Teschemaoher were
admitted subscription members. Adjourned.

Charles M. Hovey, Secretary, pro tern.

FANEUIL HALL VEGETABLE MARKET,

WEDNESD.tY, JUNE 24, 1635.

Green Peas, gl 00 per bushel.— Tiiniips 8 els. per bunrh —
Cucumbers gl.SO per dozen — Lpllucc 3 els. per head.— Rad-
ishes 3 CIS. per bunch.— Onions (ii els. per buncli. — Rbubarb

5 to C cts. per lb.— .Asparagus G In 8 els. per bunch.
Strawberries 37J els. per bo.\. — Gooseberries 12 cts. per box

— Cherries 25 els. a box.

Wool.— .Most, if not all, the shearing has taken place in
this vicinilv. Tbe demand for the new clip is very brisk.
Amonelhe sales lately, we notice the following: At Windsor
a lol of over 4000 lbs. of line Merino and Saxony, averaging
60 cents per lb. Al Claremont anu Charlcslown, a lol of from

6 to 8000 Ins. of Merino grade Wool from 50 to 55 cents.—
Holders in this vicinity generally are firm at prices before
shearing — say 75 or 80 ceiiis. — Claremont N. H. Eatrle.

Whe:at.— We learn from the Albany Journal, that on the
17lh inst. Wheat was selling in that city at one dollar and
fiftynine cents per bushel.

899

VALUABLE WORK ON AGRICULTURE.

This Day nuhlished hy Gko. C. Barrett, THE COM-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T.
G. FtssENDEN. Second edition, revised arid improved by the
Author, with considerabh additions.

The first edtion ^^ as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent lor a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendations to public patronage, and cannot fail to prove still
more useful to Hie community of cultivators.

This work has met with decided and universal approbation
from the most competent judges. Among the written and
nrinled recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
Lowell and Rev. Henry Colivian. The Editors of the
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the .Maiue
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, iVc have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to pi>blisli
those of the other genllemeu who have honored the work with
their approbation.

"Roxbvry, April 6, 1835.
" Having perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fessenden, Esq. in its first
edition, and having recently revised il at his request, prepara-
tory to a second edition, I am of opinion Ihal It is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know that Ihe sci-
e ce of Agriculture is so extensive as to fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of Ihe Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such an a-
bridgemenl full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But I know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more instruction in so small
a compass Inaii this work of Mr Fessenden.

mS John Lowell."

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

THRESHING MACHINE.

The subscriber respeclfully ofl'ers to the public a new
Threshing Machine which he has recenily invenled, anil
which for uiiHiy, cheapness ano simplicity he can recommend
lo their use.

The machine, put in operation by a horse and tended by two
men, is capable of threshing grain of all kinds, whether reaped
or mowed, and al the same lime separates il from the straw,
doing the work of twelve men by the ordinary process per
day, without any waste of the grain

The apparatus by which the machine is pui in motion is con-
nected with II, and il is altogether as portable as a horse
wagon.

Its simplicity is such that il can be built or repaired by most
farmers at a small expense.

The superiority of the machine over any other of the kind
now in use, consists mainly in the perfect manner in which il
separates Ihe grain from the head of the sheal— every grain
being efTeelually separated— which in ilself i< equal lo 6 per
cent of the «hole quanliiy threshed. The head passes
through unbroken, bul the g'rain is eflectuallv cleared. As lo
Its capability of execution, it will thresh oul'as imich grain as
the most active man can handle, and then the cradle into which
It passes is frequently not more than half filled.

The subscriber has secuied Letters Patent for the above in-
vention. The machine will soon be ready for exhibition in
this city, due notice of which will be given, and rights for
btates, counties and towns then be disposed of.

"n«2l. WILLIAM LATGHTON.

COWS! CO^VS! COWS!

At Shurtlefs Farm in. Chelsea, a little East of the Ferry.

For sale, 20 Cows, 4 Calves, and a few Heifers. The cows
are first rate milker-, Short-Horns, Fill-Pail.? and Gallowavs
and many of ihem sired by the imported Bulls, Ccelebs, Boli-
var and Fill-Pail.

About one hundred Ewes and Lambs of Saxony, Merino
and Dishley blood. Grass standing on fifty acres of salt
marsh, equal lo any in ihe Commonw^eallh Also 18 acres of
first ra e winter Rye and 9 acres of Barley, all in lots to suit
purchasers.

Sale ol the glass and grain at 1 o'clock, and of Ihe cattle
and sheep at 4 o'clock, p. m. July 2.

Pedigrees and age al the time of sale. june 25.

FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

■*'i''ir"''"' ^'"^'" '■o'l'aiii'ig 70 acres, situated in Marlbo
rough. .Mass.. wilh a house and barn thereon. for sale, or would
he exchanged for property in the eily of Boston. For terms
S, .^'''i'o^ii'jl" '"1"'"= "f <5- f. BARRETT al this office, or
N. B. PROCTOR, Esq of said Marlborough. Gm.

HEIFERS FOR SALE.

For sale in Roxbury, a pair of Twin Heifers, 3 years old
next August. They look preciselv alike, and are of a fine size
Inquire ol Col. Wyman, or Mr Fisher, al his Hotel in Roxbury

The mother of the above mentioned Heifers was a twin and
during twelve years from May 15, 1822, to May, 1833,' had
and raised seventeen calves.'

j""e '0- CATHARINE BLANEY, Roxbury.

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

Situated in Dorchester on the Brushhill turnpike, two miles
(rom Roxbury street, containing 16 acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and oulhouses
thereon, having a garden of one acre containing valuable fruits
&c. The silualion is unrivalled, commanding a most exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of Ihe country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good .state of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
fruit. For terms and particulars inquire of Messrs 1 OT
WHEELRIGHT ^. SON. 46 Central Wharf, GEORGE
C. BARRE TT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on Ihe
premises.

(prime)

LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS.

Dr King informs his friends and the public tha- he contin-
ues to prepare and aflSx lo buildings his improved l.ighlnin"-
Condnclors They are approved by all praclical and wefl
inlormed Llectncigns, in aft'ording superior protection against
Lighlning to the o.d form. Gentlemen in wanl of Lightning
Conductors are invited to call at his rooms. No. 54 CornhilP
Boston, where they may be satisfied of the superior efl'ects of
his Rods, by illustration- where also maybe had Plate and
Cylinder Electrical .Machines, Galvanic 'Batteries and their
apparatus— all warranted of the best workmanship and supe
nor power. Prices reasonable, for cash or approved credit

may 20.

SILK COCOONS 'WANTED.

The subscriber, encouraged by the late act of the Le?isl:i-
(ure lo reel and throw .Imericali Silk, wishes lo purchase at
Ihe Agricultural Warehouse in Bosion, Silk Cocoons, and will
pay g3 per bushel for the best, and in proportion for poorer
""PS- [mG] G. C. BARREl'T.

PEAR STOCKS, &.C.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocks; Apple Stocks;
While and I'lnk Flowering Horse Chesnuls, and Honey Lo-
custs, for sale on very reasonable terms. Apply lo

April 29. GEO. C. BARRETT.

PLO'WER POTS.

The subscriber has for sale al his pottery in Danvers a new
style of Flower Pots. Samples of the Pols may be seen at
the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51, North Mark'el street

j""g ^0- 31^ MILES OSBORN.

TREES FOR SALE,

At W. Buckminster's Nursery, Framingham —Apple
trees, Cherry trees, Pear trees, Peach trees, Rock maple and
Larch trees.

Also, Isabella Grape Vines, all of the first qualily at cus-
tomary prices. . „3,pi, 4^

Apples, ....
Beans, white, ....
Beef, mess, (new)
Cargo, No. 1.
prime.
Beeswax, (Americ;in) .
Butter inspected. No. 1, .
Cheese, new milk, .
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese,
Flax, American,
Flaxseeo, . ,

Flour, Genesee, . . cash
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white.
Rye, northern.
Barley,

Oals, nor hern, .
Hay, best English, .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey, ....

Hoi's, Isl quality

2d <|uality .
Lard, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, 1st sort,
Leather, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, .
LiiHE, best son.

Pork, Mass. inspect, extia clear
Navy, mess, .
bone, middlings.
Seeps, Herd's Grass,
Red Top,

Red Clover, northern.
White Dutch Honeysuckle,
Silk Cocoons, (American)

Tallow, tried

Wool, prime, or Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full blood, washed,
do. 3-4ths do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed
c f Pulled superfine,
Q-3 Isl Lambs, .
■Sli'2d do. . .

= i. 3d do, . .
(^ 1 St Spinning, .
Southern pulled w ool is generally 5 cts
less per lb.

barrel

bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

bushel
cwt.
pound

KROM

3 50

1 62

13 00

11 50

9 no

20

14

8

40

35

10

1 33

6 75

6 50
6 87
93
90
92
95

19 50

15 00

16 00
37
13

11

9
19

12

16

18

27

25

1 00

21 00

16 00

75

2 00
7 50
65
55
50
45
37
38
60
45
33
25
35

TO

5 00
2 00

13 5()

12 00

9 50

2-1.

17

3

39

11

1 37

7(0

7 00

6 73

7 00
95
93
93

1 00

62

21 00
16 00
18 00

42
14

12
19
20
14
18
20
39
27

1 05

22 00
16 50

2 37

S7
9
03
300
800
70
65
65
50
42
60
65
50
38
30
40

PROVISION MARKET

Hams, northern,
southern.
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) .

lump
Eggs,
Potatoes,
Cider,

retail pricks.

FRESH WHITE MULBERRY SEED.

Just received at the New England Seed Store 51 *5''
North Market street, '

.\ quantity of fresh and genuine White Mulberry-seed, from
one ol Ihe greatest Mulberry Orchards in Connecti'cul, warrant-
ed new and good, directions accompanying each pac'ka"-e.

June 14 183^1. GEO. C. BARRE IT.

BIORUS MULTICAULIS.

Trees of the above new variety of the Mulberry for sale hy
the subscriber al g40 per hundred. ^5 per dozen, and 50 cts
each, being about six feel high. Orders solicited

f"«h. 18. GEO. C. BARRETT.

pound

41
II

12

74

10
20
18

dozen

15

bushel

SO

barrel

3 00

13
8

7
14
22
20
16
55
3 50

BRIGHTON MARKET,-MoNDAy, June 22, 1835.
Keporled fur the llaily Advertiiier &. Patriot.

At Market, 175 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs VVorldnir Oxen,
30 Cows and Calves. 840 Sheep and Lambs, and 150
Swine. 10 Beef Cattle of the first quality unsold.

Prices. Beef Cattle— In consequence of the limited
number at market, prices advanced considerably, as
will be perceived by our quotations, viz : a few pair
very fine at 43s Gd a 45s ; prime at 39 a 42 : .rood 33 a
37 6d ; thin at 38 6d a .33s "

Worldrn: Orcn— Sales 35, 40, 55, 65, 70 and $80 ;
some of which were very ordinary.

Cows and Calves— Ba.\es at $16, 20, 24, 27 50, 33, 36,
40 and 50.

Sheep and Lambs— Lots were taken at 13s 6d, $15
and 16s 6d ; Wethers at 2Is, 22s 6d, 25s and 26s 6d.

Swine— Most of those at market were small pijj
Shoats, and were retailed at 5i a 6 for sows, and 6J a 7
for barrows ; pigs 8 a 10.

400

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JUNE 84, 1S35.

m.'}im(§m^i{a&^'Wa

BEAUTIFUL EXTRACT.

Oh if llicre i?f ono law above tlie rest

Written in Wisdom — if ilierc i.4 a word,

That I would trace as witli a pen of fire

Upon the unsullied temper of a child —

If there is anything that keeps the mind

Open to angel visits, and repels

Tlie ministry of ill — 'tis human love!

God had made nothina; wortliv of contempt.

The smallest pebble in the well of truth

Has its peculiar meanings, and will stand

When man's best monuments wear fast away.

Tile hw of Heaven, is love^ and though its name

Has been usurped by passion, au'i profanM

To its unholy uses iliroujli all time,

Still, the eternal princi[)le is pure ;

And in these deep affections that we feel

Omnipotent within us, but we see

The lavish measure in which love is given.

And in the yearning tenderness of a child.

For every bird that sings above its head,

And every creature feeding <m the hills.

And every tree and flower, and running brook,

We see how everything was made, to love.

And how they err, who in a world like this,

Find anything to hate but human pride.

A SECRET WORTH KNOWING.

Tom Spooner was tlie luckiest dog in the world,
at least so said liis old cronies. " He be^an
likf) a poor good for nothing mechanic," they
would say, without a cent in the world — without
a whole shirt to his back, half shoe to his feet,
and with nothing hut his hands to work with.
And yet Tom Spooner is one of the most wealthy
and influential melt among us. What a lucky,
dog that Tom Spooner has been I He went
among those who started in life with him, but
who were now the frequenters of grog-shof)s —
idle and dissolute, by the name of Lucky Tom.
It puzzled his old friends not a little to accou:it
for his luck. "He had no rich relations, and
though not extravagant, he was liberal. He was
mi skill-flint. Could he know some art of magic
that would imbosom the treasures of earth, and
sjjread its gold before him .' He paid no attention
to the words of fortune-tellers, and gold-fiiiders ;
be merely stood at home, and yet his course had
been attended year after year and week after
week with a wonderful share of good fortune —
good luck. He must he in possession of some
secret of which others are igiiorant — What can
it be ? What on the earth can it be .' If Tom
had a lot of pork to dispose of, people were
always willing to pay liim a couple of cents more
a pound than any other per.son ! And the dog!
he was always lucky enough to pay his debts I
He was never so unlucky as to feel the gri|) of a
sheriff, or hear the creak of the jail-door. Tom
married. " Why ! this poor mechanic has taken
the sweetest and most beautiful girl in the jilace.
Who would have thought it ! What a confoun<led
lucky dog Torn Spooner is I He inust have got
the girl by magic — yes, nothing less than magic !"
And then Tom's garJcti was a picture of neatness ;
the fences were never known to blow over, as did
his neighbor's. His land was rich while that of
his very next door neighbor's would produce
hardly anything hut weeds ! What does Tom put
into liis land ? How he rises one step after
another! If there is an important station to be
filled, why Tom Spooner was always the man.
He could get a note discounted at the JJaidi with-
out security. If any question between neighbors
was to be settled, why, Tom — lucky Tom was
always sure to be called lu as umpire, " And now

I think of it," says one, " I never knew Tom to
speak an ill word against his neighbor — which
shows plain enough that there are many in his
secret, and therefore, that he dares not utter a
word to their prejudice. He never drinks — be-
cause to be sure, if intoxicated, some one will
snatch his secret from him. He has learned his
wife the way, too. They both have the secret.
He says nothing hard of his acquaintances. He
goes to church regularly ; but that is for mere
ajipearance's sake. He pores overbooks when he
can find them — he must be learning soinething
more of his art of getting rich. He is laying up
treasures. And then he always has a lamp in his
work room late, and he is always the first up in
the house, which furthermore shows that Tom's
mind is always bent upon his secret. He can't
find time even to take a glass with his old (ironies
at the grog shop. He must have a secret worth
knowing. It occupies his thoughts so nmch that
he minds nobody's business but his own. And
yet it does not weigh heavy on his mind — he is
alw.iys good naturcd — contented and happy — he
has no quarreling in his familj'. All is pleasant
and agreeable. Nothing is out of place. Strange!
Strange ! said these wiseacres, that Tom Spooner
— that poor mechanic — who began with nothing
of whom all prophesied that he would come out
at the little end of the born — and who believed
nothing of it, but stuck to his work, should have
been so fortunate — so lucky in life ! Up early
— late to bed — ever at work with hands or
head ! — He must have a secret worth knowing !
Ah ! Lucky Dog! Lucky Tom! What can his
secret be .' Reader ! what can his secret be .' —
JVational Easrle.

An Incident. — The following occurred in the
bar room at Holt's Hotel, New York. A gentle-
man entered with a Quaker friend.

" I would like to drink with you," said the
gentleman.

" I would be happy to," replied the Quaker.

" Waiter, a couple of glasses of brandy, if you
please." It was [lOured out.

"To your heath, sir," said the gentleman, quaf-
fing his poison to the hottoin of the glass.

The Quaker very politely bowed, took an
empty glass, filled it with sparkling cold water and
raising it to his lips, said,

" Friend, thou didst me the honor to drink to my
health. I return the comp iment; hut I can do it
with PURE WATER as well as with anything else.
Zion.s Herald.

We are disposed to think, sometimes, there is
no spot on the world over, where the foliage of
trees is more beautiful than in and immediately
about Northampton. The scene around us has
been for a fortnight past, and still is, surpassing
lovely. Such a rich coumiingling of blussom and
hud and green leaf — of the rich drajiery of flow-
ering trees and dense foliage and delicious fra-
grance— of white dwellings and tasteful archi-
tecture— of gentle hill and picturcsiiue valley —
mountain scenery and extended meadow lawn —
of winding river bank and gassy stream — all
combine to give great beauty and loveliness and
grandeur to the scenery about Northampton. —
JVorthampton Courier.

Mr Folgcr of Nantiickef, has long used India
rubber, instead of leaiher, on the valves of water
pumps.

DRV OOODS AT REDUCED PRICES.

The subscriber intending leaving this part of the coualry for
llie Si)ulh about the 1st of August next, offers for sale the
whole of his extensive slock of p'oreign and Domesiic Goods,
and lease of the store No. 414 Washington st — and llin slo( k
will be sold at very reduced prices at retail until closed, among
which are the following varieties, viz i —

Uroadolotlis^ Cassinieres, Athenian Cassimere, Rouen Cas-
simere, Atheman Camlets, Sj-c.

4 bales of superior Welch, English and American Flannels.
Some of llicm are very superior, and are warranted not to
shrink in wash ng.

2 Italcsof Angola Flannel, an excellent article for sumnaer
wear.

1 bale Doniet Flaimel, 4 do col'd American do.

4 do col'd Uoniets,

3 cases of superior English Cambric Dimoties,
1 do. do Furniture Dinioly,

1 do col'd Poult do Sole Silk, at 3s per yd, of an excellent
quality,

Cases Irish Linens of superior quality,
do English and American Prints,
do and bales of brown and bleached Shirtings,
do of white Cambric and Cambric Muslins,
do of Bishop Lawns, from 20 cents to 5s 3d per yard,
lljOO ps Nnl kin and Canton Straw Carpeting,
Cases of Taylor's Persian Spool Cotton, at 3s per dozen, or
5 cents pcrspool, warranted of very tniperior quality,
Cases of Spool (^otlon at Gtl per dozen,
I case of open work cotion Hose at Is per pair,
Cases of 4-4 and 6-4 Bohbinet Laces, fni 9d to 5s 3d per yd.
1 case Grecian do. superior quality, at 2s per yard,

1 bale Russia Damask, 6-4 and 8-4 — a very d-jrablc article
for Ta'ile Cloths,

2 cases India and English Silk Hdkfs.

2 do col'd Table Cloths, assorted sizes,

1 do col'd borderetl cotton hdkfs. j imitation L. C. at 9d
each.

I case Linen hdkfs. 4 do American Sewing Cotton,

5 bales Russia Crash,

3 cases Linen anrl Cotton Tapes, 1 do. EnEjlish Pins,

7 bales of Tickings, assorted qualities — and a great variety
of other goods, which will be sold In pro|iorlion.

eliabstonf; brewer,

June 3. 414 Washington street.

HOLIilS' CEIiEBRATED HORSE LIIVIMEIVT,

For S/trai7is, Bruises, Wind- Galls, Old Strains, Stiff

joints, Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses that are

strained in the back si7tews. wrun^ in the withers, SfC. ; also

for Glandular swellings of the throat. ,

The ingredients whldi compose this preparation have been
carefully selected after many years' experience, and are soma
of the most successful remedies unllcd, correctly proportioned
and happily adapted to afford relief In all the ahove mentioned
complaints; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article Is usetl. It will be preferred to any other, as It is decid-
edly he best and certainly the most convenient article in use.

N. B. Persons affllcteil with Rheumalism, S(>ralns, Cramp,
Numbness, Stiffness, or Weakness In the Joints, will find this
Linlinenl a valualde and efficacious remedy.

r-repared and sold by THOMAS ilOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist. No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

[nr* The Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed.

Price for targe Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 rents. o29

■WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who Is well acquainted with his business in all
lis branches, and who can procure good recommendations from
his last employers. Enquire at G. C. Barrett's Agrlculliiral
Warehouse, Boston. m6.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARJtIER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at Jjf.i per annum,
payable at the eiul of (he year — but those who pay within
sixiy days from the time of subscribing, are entitled io a de-
ilucllon of tiliy cents.

[HF' No paper will be sent to a distance without payment
being made in advance.

AGENTS.

New York — G C. Tuorburn, 67 Llberty-slreel.
Alhami — Wm 'I'hobburn, 347 .Market-street.
Philttdelphia — 1). ,"(■ ('. Lamibkth, 85 Chcsnul-slreel.
Ihtltiiitore — I. I. HiTciicocK, Publislier of American Farmer.
Ciitcinnati — S. C. Park ne rst, 23 Lower Markol-strccl.
Flushing. N K— Wm. Princk <(|- Sons, Prop. JJn.Boi.Gar.
MidtlU'hunj, Vt. — Wight Chapman, -Merchant.
Hartford — GrronwiN ^- Co. Booksellers.
l^etrhuryport — V. M KN i:/. K.R Stfum a n , Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. H. — John W. I-^osteb, Bookseller.
Woodstock, Vt. — J. A. Pratt.
Bangor, Me — Wni. Mann, Druggist.

Halifa.T, N. fJ.— P J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder,
St. Bonis — Gko. Holton.

PRINTED BY TUTTI.E AND WEEKS,

No, 8, School Street.

ORDERS FOB PRINTING RECEIVED BY THE PUBLISMER.

J¥EW E^'GL-ANB FARMER,

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

u

FUBLISHEU BY GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agricultural Warehoose.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

'OL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 1, 183.5.

NO. 51.

[Tor the \ew England Farmer.]
'iioMAs G. Fessendfn, Esq.

The main object of these lines is to obtain in-

jrniiition relative to the culture and uses of lu-

erne (or French clover), but before I state the par-

iculars which I wish to asH'tain, 1 will mention

few facts relative to aiiotliM- subject.

About the year 1827-8 there was iTinch written
nd said on tlie culture of the White mulberry
ree, and the manufacture of silk, and ever since
he subject has been agitated and is worthy the
ttentiou which has been given to if. I obtained
a the year 1829, 1 think, one ounce of mulberry
eeds, sowed them about the middle of May, if J
listake not. They came up well, and grew from
2 to 20 inches the same season. The next sea-
on I trans|ihinte(i them, placing them in rows
bout four feet apart, 8 to 12 inches in the row,
ifhich was rather too nigh. They ought to have
een 12 to 16 inches at least, if calculated to stand
ivo or three years. The land on which I put the
lost of my trees proved to be dry and poor ; at
ny rate they grew but very little after the first
nd second year. I feel confident that the land
ras too poor, because I had a few taken from the
ime seed bed, whiidi grew from 6 to 9 feet in
ne year ; whereas those in my nursery grew only
•oni four to six feet in five yeans. They were
:inted, but I hope they will do some gooil, as 1
old some at a low price, and gave away several
undrrd for the purpose of inocu'ating with the
;hinesc mulberry, or Morus Multicaulis. I state
lese facts to show that the mulberry tree will
row on any kind of land, but much the best on
ood. I sowed some seed since the above men-
oned, and transplanted them on good land, which
ave done remarkably well. I will here state
lat I kept a few silk worms, one season, just for
n ex|)eriment, which succeeded well. I found
othiiig difficult about attending them, which
jmc might be led to believe from reading the mi-
ute and intricate manuals or details given by
:)mc foreign authors. In fact it is an easy, healthy
nd good business, which almost any farmer can
ike hold of. At any rate there is nothing difficult
1 cultivating the trees, anil rearing the worms,
nd if you get the cocoons, they will fetch a good
rice without any other trouble than carrying
lem to market.

Several years ago I obtained five pounds of
icerne seed, and sowed it on about forty rods of
round, which was light, dry, and withal | oor ; as
3me said it would grow on poor land I thought I
'ould try it. I ))ut on about four or five tons of
lanure, and spread and harrowed it in. The
3eds came up wel!, I)ut the most of it died before
dl, except where the manure heaps were, where

grew well and continued several years, until I
roke it up. Several of my neighbors tried it
rilhout any better success. But to come to the
)jiic on which I first intended to write.

I bought of Mr George C. Barrett one pound
r lucerne seed last spring and sowed it the 13th
r May on about four or five rods of land. The

ground on which T sowed the seed is situated in
front of my house, has been planted perhaps 30 or
40 years, 1 know not how long, ever since my re-
membrance, to beets, carrots, onions, &c. I
p'oughcd it two or three weeks before I sowed it,
and on the same day I ploughed it again, and
after ploughing dug it all over, and broke the
lumps very fine, then raked it two or throe times,
for I was determined there should be nothing
wanting on my part to ensure success. After
getting the ground mellowed and every lump and
stone ofT, that was as large as a pigeon's egg, I
sowed the seed broad cast, taking great care to
have it sowed even. 1 then raked the groimd
over two or three times and left it. In five or six
days fi-om the time the seed was sowed it was u]),
and it has grown so fast and handsome that I feel
quite pioud of it. It is now from 10 to 16 inches
high, growing nipidly, the ground completely cov-
ered. 1 sowed it without any other kind of seed.
The s] rigs or stalks which I send you are fair
specimens of the whole. I consider it a very rapid
growth or I should not mention it — only 39 days
since the seed was sowed.

I wish that some experienced person, who
is acquainted with this kind of grass would tell
me how to proceed, whether I had best cut it
while in blossom, or not cut it at all this season —
also whether I had better put on a dressing of ma-
nure this fidl or not. If this does as well as it
promises now, I think of sowing more another
year, therefore I want to know what use it can be
put to, to the best advantage, and whether any
other grass seed had best be sowed with it, and
what kind if any. In fact any information relative
to the above grass would be gratefully received.
I presume I coidd get much information in the
above subject from some of the former volumes
of the New England Farmer, but my numbers
are incomp'etc ; and I think something on the
above named grass would be interesting to others
as well as myself.

Truly your humbTe and obliged servant,

James Leonard.

Taunton, June 22, 1835.

By the Editor. — With regard to the mulberry,
frotn Mr Leonard's statement, as well as from
some others which have been given us verbally,
we are le<l to believe that some writers osi silk
cidture have published opinions which may mis-
lead. Mr Rush obssrves "All the practical
writers agree that the proper soils for the mulberry
tree are dry, sandy, or stony : the more stony
the better, | rovided the roots of the trees can pen-
etrate among thera. The situation should be high :
low, rich and moist land never produce nourish-
ing leaves, however vigorously the tree may grow.
They are always found to be too watery." Mr
Cobb, however, and some other jiractical cultiva-
tors, with whom we have conversed on this sub-
ject, tell us tb.-it a soil rich, warm and mixed with
much motdd is most proper for mulberry trees;
and where it is intended to strip the trees fre-
quently for feeding silk worms, doubtless the soil

should be of good quality, to enable thetn to re-
produce their foliage without much injm-y from
its de|)rivatioii.

With regard to lucerne, we have but little
knowledge, except what is derived from books.
English writers tell us that the first year's crop is
not so large as t!ie subsequent ones, and it retains
its vegetative vigor about ten years, when it should
be ploughed in ; and the soil will be found iin-
prnved for other uses. " There is one quality, in
particular, which recommends the grass for fresh
fodder, to farmers in the vicinity of market towns.
If mowed as often as the growth will fill the
scythe, as it should be for this purpose, it will con-
tinue to produce a succession till very late in
the season. For fatting bullocks and pasturing
swine this grass may be very advantageously used.
When it is niaJe into hay let it be cut while quite
green, and without much shaking, as tl.e leaves
fiill off" considerably when dry. A little salt add-
ed to it when laid in the mow, would be a groat
improvement." — Young's Farmer's CaUndar.

With regard to the proper time for cutting lu-
cerne, it seems that in England it is nmch used
for soiling, and cut whenever it is large enough for
a good crop, or as Mr Young expresses it, when-
ever it will "fill the scythe." The Hon. J. Low-
ell, of Roxbury has been a successful as well as
scientific cultivator of this grass for 12 or 14 years.
We will here give an abstract of some of his ob-
servations on this subject. One liiece of land
cultivated by Mr Lowell was sown with tall mead-
ow oat grass, in the proportion of one bushel of
oat grass to six pounds of lucerne.

" The first crop was very great ; it was difficiilt
to decide in this first crop, which excelled, the4n-
cerne or the oat grass. But in every succeeding .
crop the lucerne predominated to so great a degree
it seemed to be the only crop. This was owing
to the greater breadth of its leaves. / never cut it
till iljlou'ered. I made four cro] s last summer of
excellent hay from it, amounting in all to six tons
and a half to an acre, and after that it furnished a
rich su])ply of after feed. This crop was seen and
adiriired by a great number of intelligent far-
mers.

"Having been convinced that it was suited to
my soil, I last year laid down an acre and a quar-
ter for a pasture, being satisfied that it is admirably
adapted to that purj.ose. I laid it down with bar-
ley, but it grew su fast that I was ob iged to cut
the barley stalks very short, or else I should not
have been able to thresh it, so thick and succulent
was the lucerne. I cut over this field once and
then depastured it.

" I mention this fact as a remarkable one, be-
cause the French writers speak of it as a very rare
occurrence even in </!ciV climate that it will bear
the scythe the first year."

With regard to top dressing for lucerne, we sec
nothing in the books. Mr Lowell say's, " I have
always used gypsum, and [lerhaps owe my suc-
cess to that valuable stimulant. I have employed
two bushels to the acre."

402

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUI^Y 1, 1835

AGRICULTURAL. BOOKS.

We have been requested liy a ooiresponilent of
the Genesee Farmer, to riirnisli a list of agricuUu-
ral books, suitable for a farmer's library. Tliis
we do cheerfully, remarking, by the way, that the
number of American books is very limited ; and
that in selecting those of foreign origin, we must
take much chaff with the wheat. The elemen-
tary principles of husbandry are pretty general in
their ap[)lication, while the practical operations of
difterent countries must necessarily be variant,
not only on account of difference in climate and
soil, but in productions for the market, price of
labor, liabits of the people, &c. No Eujopean
system of practice is therefore exactly adapted to
our wants, though it niay embrace nuich that is
highly beneficial.

Independent of the memoirs which have been
published by the Agricultural Societies in Penn-
sylvania and Massachusetts, and by the Society
of Arts and Board of Agriculture in New York,
the American works on Agriculture, that we have
been acquainted with, are, to name them in the
order in which they appeared, 1. Dean's New
Eng'and Farmer; 2. Boardley's Husbandry;
.3. Arator, a series of Agricidtural Essays, by
John Taylor, of Virginia; 4. A Treatise on Agri-
culture, by Gen. Armstrong; 5. The r'armer's
Assistant, by John Nicholson ; 6. Lorrain's Hus-
bandry ; 7. Essay on Calcareous Manures, by E.
Riiffin ; and 8. The Com|)lete Farmer, by T. G.
Fessenden. These are all worthy a place in a
Farmer's Library, as well as the memoirs first
named. Of Nos. 1 and 7, new revised editions
have lately been published .at Boston and Rich-
mond. Of the others copies are scarce, and the
memoirs, we believe cannot be purchased. No. 4
is a work of merit, comprising a great mass of in-
teresting matter, detailed with great conciseness
and perspicuity. No. 6 was written by an excel-
lent practical fanner, who blended a great deal of
useful reading and nice observation with an ex-
tensive ]iractice. The writer was a self taught
philosopher, who scrutinized narrowly into cause
and efTect, and we believe was a very successful
farmer. The es.say on calcareous manures, is an
invaluable treasure to'all who can avail themselves
of lime and marl, as sources of fertility. No. 8
is principally a judicious compilation from the Ag-
ricultural papers of our country. A new edition
is now in press. There are several American pub-
lications which treat of the orchard and the gar-
den, which it is unnecessary to enumerate, as they
may be found in all our seed shops.

Of foreign publications upon husbandry, we
1 should recommend the following, in the order we
name them : — Low's Elements of Practical Agri-
culture; Lawrence on Cattle; Davy's Agricultu-
ral Chemistry ; Sinclair's Code of Agriculture,
and, (last, only on account of its expense,) Lon-
don's Encyclopedia of Agriculture. The Farm-
ers' Series, published by the British Society for
difTusing useful knowle<]gc, afibrds an evcellent
compendium of British husbandry, though but
partially adapted to our country.

But neither foreign nor Atnerican books ought
to supercede the Agricultural periodicals of the
day. These abound in communications from our
best farmers and detail the imiirovements which are
continually developeing in rural labor. We ven-
ture to say, there is not a farmer in the Union, of
common intelligence and enterprize, who is ambi-
tious to improve his con<lition, and who takes an

a<rricu!tural |ieriodical, that is not more than remu-
nerated for his subscription, by the useful infor-
mation which he acquires from it. They are gen-
erally printed in a form to be easily preserved and
they ought to be preserved. We subjoin a list
of such as are known to us, for the benefit of the
readers of the Cultivator: —

Published Qitarlerlij. — The New York Quarter-
ly Journal of Agriculture, at New York.

Monthly. — Southern Agriculturist, at Charles-
ton, S. C. ; Farmer's Register, at Shell Banks, Va.;
New York Farmer, N.York; Cultivator, Albany;
Tennessee Farmer, Tenn. ; Fesscnden's Praftical
Farmer, Boston : Rural Library, a monthly publi-
cation of 32 8 vo. pages, N. York.

Semi-inonlhly. — Farmer and Mechanic, Cincin-
nati, Ohio.

Weekly. — Genesee Farmer, at Rochester; N.
England Farmer, at Boston ; Maine Farmer,
Winthrop, Me. ; Yankee Farmer, Cornish, Me. ;
Ohio Farmer, Columbus, Ohio, Southern Planter,
Columbus, Georgia.

Devoted to Horticulture particularly. — The Hor-
ticultmal Register, by G. C. Barret, and American
Gardener's Magazine, by Hovey & Co., both
monthly 8vos., ],ublished at Boston.

Devoted to Silk culture. — The Silk Culturist,
at Hartford, Conn., and the Silk Worm, at Al-
bany.

To orchards and the vine. — Coxe on fruit trees ;
Thatcher's Orchardist; Prince's Pomological Man-
ual; Kenrick's New American Orchardist, and
Prince, Adlum, Loubat and Rafinesque on the
Vine.

The Quarterly Journal of Agriculture and New
York Farmer are from the same press, as are the
New England Farmer and Practical Farmer.
The Rural Library is a re-publication of American
works on husbamlry and gardening.

We can neither give the prices of all the books
we h.ave enumerated, nor refer to the bookstores
at which they can to be had. The periodicals
may be obtained, by addressing the editors of the
respective works. — Cultivator.

They appear about every 17 years, varying accord-
ing to heat and other circumstances. They are
in no way injurious to vegetables except what is
done by the hole bored iti the wood by the female
to deposit her eggs. They are the favorite food
of squirrels and many large birds. The Indians
consider them a delicate food when fried. They
have been used in New Jersey instead of grease
for making soap. They never deposit their eggs
in pine twigs of any kind.

We are inforjned that they have appeared ir
Suflield within a few days in great iiumbers.-
Wcstjield Herald.

I.OCUST.

An insect called the seventeen years locust, or
technically cicada septemdecim, has made its ap-
pearance within a few days in the north part of
this town. They appeared first in the orchard
back of the house lately occupied by Gould Lew-
is, where they may be seen in great nutnbers,
also in the garden of Reuel Danks, and on the
bushes along the road between those two places.
Many trees arc entirely covered with them, as
thick as plums ever are upon plum trees. In
the heat of the day they are exceedingly musical,
making the air resound with their melodies.
They appeared in the same place 17 years ago this
season.

The following is we believe a very true ac-
count of this insect. '1 hey emerge from the
ground towards the end of April, aiul always in
the night. On their first coming out they have
the appearance of bugs without wings, but the
back soon bursts and theperrct fly appears. They
begin to lay eggs usually about the last of May ;
these are deposited in clo.se lines two inches long
in the tender twigs of trees. As soon as the
young attain their growth in the grub state they
fall to the ground and make their way two or
three feet below the surface, where they change to
the form they have on coming from the ground.

■it.:

Locusts, the scourge of some parts of the land
have made their appearance in this vicinity. In
the region of Mount Tom, a few miles south o)
us, tliey have just made their exit from crevices
in the ground as " thick as blackberries." It it
now about seventeen years since the eggs were
deposited there and true to a proverb, they arf
" on hand" ready to serve their customers. The
trees and shrubs are loaded with an exuberanct
of this new fruit and although the kind is not ex-
actly what is wanted, yet we hear no conjplaint!
about a lack of quantity. Hogs and hens ea
them and it is said that they make to a FrencI
palate, most excellent soup. There is considera
ble nutricious matter in them, their bodies beinj
about the size of awalnut. They live upon veg-
etable matter and ]n-omise to take charge of al
the surplus produce in the vicinity of Mount Tom
What with the busy hum of locusts and rattle o;
snakes, that elevation has musical as well as sting-
ing attractions. — JVorthampton Courier.

I.IQ,UID MANURES.

In the preceding volume of this work, pagf
134, there is a very interesting article on the pro-
)iriety of using liquid manures for purjroses o:
horticulture ; a solution of soot and water is there
in recommended, in the proportion of six quarts
of the former to a hogshead of the latter. — This
mixture has been found to exercise a most saluta-
ry influence on Peas, Asparagus, and a variety oi
other vegetables to which it has been applied
We do not doubt the fact stated, and would here
observe that the soap suds made in a farmer's fam-
ily, which is mostly thrown away, is one of tht
most effective manures tb.at can be applied to veg-
etables and flowers of all kinds. Fnun an expe-
rience of several year.s, we can testify to its invig-
orating effects, and reconnnend its use with co)ifi-
dence. There are but few families, anywise ex-
tensive, who do not make a sufficient quantity o;
this article, in the course of the year, to keep a gar-
den of tolerable size, not only in good condition
but rich enough to secure good crops of vegeta-
bles.— Baltimore Farmer and Gardener.

POTATOES.

Farmers who have old straw to spare, will fine
it greatly to their advantage to spread a coatinj
of it over their potato ground after their potatoci
are hoed, as it will often contribute materially t<
the growth of the plant by keeping the soil moisi
It will likewise be useful in shading the newlj
formed tubers from the rays of the sun, espcciallj
in dry sandy soils where potatoes are apt to ac
quire an unpleasant bitter taste from the action o
the heat upon them. Most farmers have some oh
lialf rotted straw about their barns, and a fev

VOL. XIII. NO. 51.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

403

hours ill S|)i-e;uVuig it in this way would be well
repaid.

The same oUjeetioiis apply to hilling potatoes
as to corn ; and the errors of practice are equal
in case of both crops. If the object were to turn
off the rain /rom the plants, it would often be ad-
mirably attained ; but this is not the case ; and if
they are hilled at all, the hills should be broad and
flat. — Genesee Farmer.

To MAKE Yankee Bread, — Take two meas-
ures of Indian and one of rye meal, mix with
milk or water, to the consistency of thick hasty
pudding, and add yeast — bake in iron pansor iron
kettles four or five hours. Eat with fresh butter
or other food, and if while warm the better. Yan-
kee bread is very good or very bad, according to
the manner in which it is made. We commend
it to dyspeptics. The Indian meal should be either
bolted or sifted.

Rhubarb Pies. — Gather a bundle of the leaf
stocks, quantum siifficit — cut ofl' the leaf and peel
the stalk of the thin epidermis — cut in quarter
inch pieces, and lay them into the crust — cover
well with sugar, and add nutmeg, orange peel and
spice to taste. The flavor is equal, and many
deem it preftrable, to gooseberries. The pie-
plant is perennial, herbaceous and very hardy.
A dozen plants will afford a family a constant
supply.

Spruce Beer. — Take three gallons of waten
of blood warmth, three half pints of molasses, a
table sj'oonfid of essence of spruce, and the like
quantity of ginger — mix well together, with a gill
of yeast; let stand over night, and bottle in the
morning. It will be in good conditioo to drink in
twentyfour hours. It is a palatable, wholesome
beverage.

I was at old Fort-IIunter, on the Susquehan-
nah, above Ilarrisburgh, in 1828. The highly re-
spectable owner of this beautiful situation. Col.
M'Allister, a gentlemen of science and refined ob-
servation, treated my fellow travellers and myself
with great courtesy, and showed us some house-
hold conveniences worthy of imitation, and among
others, his Milk-house, Smoke-house and Clothes-
line, I thought much of these, and have in part
profited by my observation. That the readers of
the Cultivator may profit also by these improve-
ment.s, I will briefly detail them in part.

The Milk-house was built in the northeast
side of a slope, near the well, and not far from
the mansion. It was composed of stout stone
walls, and the roof, which rose six or eight feet
above the surface of the ground, appeared to be
covered with earth or tile, and was deeply shroud-
ed with the scarlet trumpet creeper, (Bignonia
radicans) then in splendid bloom. The interior
of the house, iirincipally under ground, was fitted
up with cisterns, in which water stood nearly* to
the tops of the pans of milk, which were arrang-
ed in tlieiU. The house was entered by a flight
of stejs on the south, and there was a window on
the north, which could be opened or darkened at
pleasure, to give ventilation. For want of a natu-
ral spring, which many Pennsylvanians consider
almost indispensable in a milk-bouse, the water
was conducted in a pipe from the well-pump,
and after filling the cisterns to a certain height,
passed oflT at the opposite side. The object
was to obtain a cool temperature, in the heat

of the summer, which greatly facilitates tlie sep-
aration of the cream from the milk, and this
object was amply eftiscted, with the labor of work-
ing occasionally at the well ])unip.

The Smoke-house was a wooden octagon
building, perhaps 16 feet in diameter, perfectly
tight, except the door way. The peculiarities of
this building were, it was set a foot or more above
the ground, and was perfectly dry, and bacon,
hains, &c. were kept hanging around its walls al:
summer, without becoming damp or mouldy, or
being injured by flies; and in the second place, no
fire was admitted into the building, the smoke
being conveyed into it through a tube from the
outside, where it was generated in a stove.

The Clothes-line we saw bad been six years
in use, without sensihle injur}', tliough it had re-
mained all the time in the open air. It had
always been woinid up, ujion a small windlass, as
soon as the clothes had been taken from it, whore
it was protected from the rain by a roof. Several
posts, with notches near their tops, were [)laced
in a range U| on the grass | lat, upon which the line
could be drawn and fastened in two minutes, and
from which it could be loosened and wound up in
as short a tiiue. It is but a small affair, but such
small affairs make a large aggregate in ordinary
lifi'. "Takecare of the cents, and the dollars will
take care of themselves." — Cultivator.

CURING BEEP AKD HAMS.

The following recipe was brought from Ireland
about 100 years since, and has been in use
with general satisfaction ever since — that is, beef
and hams cured by this rule are never salt burnt
but remain juicy and tender for almost any length
of time. — For a barrel or 200 lbs. of either —
Take 6 gallons of water,
12 lbs. of Salt,
4 ounces Salfj.etre,
IJ gis. molasses, 12 lbs. coarse sugar.
This when dissolved and mixed cold, makes a
brine for a barrel, which should bo boiled over in
June and skimmed, and when cold turned on the
beef again. The beef should he handsomely cut
in pieces, not less than four nor more than 12 l!)s.
— rubbed with fine salt and packed close, then
the brine turned on. Hams should lie in this
brine about three weeks before they are taken out
to smoke ; or if a pint of pyroligneous acid be
added to the brine, smoking may be dispensed
with. — Ohio Farmer.

Parmesan Cheese. — The country between
Cremona and Lodi, comprises the richest part of
Milanese. The irrigation too is brought to the
highest state of perfection. The grass is cut four
times a year as fodder for the cows, from whose
milk is made the well known cheese cafed Par-
mesan. The cows, which are kept in the stall
nearly all the year round, are fed dining summer
on two of these crops of grass or clover, which
are cut green, and in the winter on the other two
which are hayed. The milk of at least fifty cows
is required for the manufacture of a Parmesan
cheese. Hence as one farm rarely affords pasture
for such a number, it is usual for the fanners or
metayers of a district to club together. 'i he
milk of 50,60, or even 100 cows, is brought twice
to the farm where the dairy is fixed ; the per-
son on whom devolves the task of making cheese,
keeps an account of the milk received, and the

cheese is afterwards apportioned according'y. In
this fertile | lain a farm of sixty acres is consider-
eil as a large one. These farms are subdivided
into fields of three or four acres, for the conve-
nience of irrigation : a jractice which in the
coinse of a few years, impairs the quality of the
grass to such a degree, th.-it it becomes necessary
to discontinue it. In this case the sluices of the
Gora are shut, the ground ]iloughed in autumn,
and in the following spring sown with hemp,
which shoots up to a great height; when this is
pulled, the ground issown with leguminous plants.
In the next spring it is sown with oats, which
grow to the height of six or seven feet. The rich-
ness of the soil being thus sufficiently subdued, it
is next cropped with wheat. Maize is then sown
in the folldwing s[)riiig ; a second crop of wheat
succeeds, and finishes the course of cropping.
The ground is then left to itself, and is immediate-
ly covered with herbage. During the winter it is
manured, and the new meadow is then subjected
again to the process of irrigation, which is usual-
ly continued for fifteen years. Thus the rotation
in the Milanese extends to twenty years; five
years for the growth of hemp, pulse and grain,
and fifteen for the growth of grass. Rice is also
grown in some jiarts of the Milanese ; but as it
partakes of the nature of an aquatic plant, for the
rice grounds are ke| t under water dm-ing nearly
the whole ) eriod of its growth, its cultivation has
been placed under considerable restriction by the
government, owing to the malaria which it engen-
ders.— Evans' Italy.

Messrs Winships' Moss House, — One of the
neatest things of the kind we have ever seen is
the moss and thatch house, which has just been
erected on the VVinship Gardens at Brighton, It
is siTjall but neat, antique, (with a delicate inter-
spersement of the Oriental taste) and delightful
in its way. The roof is conical, and thatched
with a thick layer of straw; the walls are sever-
al inches thick, entirely of moss: the windows
are of gotbic architecture, with beautifully stain-
ed and figured glass. The figured glass r presents
alternately scenes and characters in India, and
sprigs and flowers, emblematical of Flora. A
variety of honeysuckles are creeping over the
outside. Inside, the window frames are set round
with a great variety of heautiful shells. A sedate,
observing old gent'.eman, with his apt poetical
quotation, occupies the wall encompassed by a
shark's jaw, and notifies visiters that he shall keep
a close eye over their greetings and note the stolen
kisses from love's young li| s. There is, too, the
snoio owl, with his glaring orbs, perched on the
cross heani — he doesn't screech. The old oaken
chair, — a |iresent, and a valuable ad<lition to the
antiquated roughness and beauty of the place, —
is not the lea.st attractive ornament. It is an am-
ple arm-chaft wrought out of crooked limbs and
branches of trees, in their natural state, singular-
ly intertwined. The edifice and its arrangement
have been prepared by Mr Murray, Messrs Win-
shi|,'s gardener, who has exhiliited a great deal of
taste in the thing. — Bunker Hilt Aurora.

Large Fleece. — Mr J, Marsh, Jr. of Mon-
tague, informs us that he sheared a sheep of his
a few days since, one year old, the fleece of which
weighed seven pounds and three quarters. — Frank-
lin Mercury.

404

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JUi:.Yl,183C.

CULTURE OP SILK IN TURKEY.

I offer to the [jiiblic oxtracts of a letter written
recently by Charles Rhind, Esq. to a gentleman
in this city. It is replete with interesting inform-
ation on the mulberry and the culture of sill^. Mr
Rhind is well aequaintcd with Turkey ; he was
the i)rincipal negotiator of our treaty with the
Sultan, and is a gentleman possessing a highly
cidtivati'd mind, uniLed to acutencss of observa-
tion. He says -'In that country (Turkey) the
production of silk is confined to cities or the
larger towns, in the vicinity of which the mul-
berry tree is chiefly cultivated ; those trees belong
to the farmers or proprietors of the ground, who
do not rear the worm themselves, but during the
crop-season, the leaves are collected by tliem daily
and carried into the city and sold in the market
in the same manner as fruit and vegetables, in
such quantities as purchasers may require. At
the commencement of the season almost every
family clear out all the rooms in the house except
one in which they live during the crop season :
the worms being produced they purchase a quan-
tity of leaves and strew them over the floor of
each room, leaving a small space next the wall,
that they may walk round and distribute the
leaves ; they then place the worms on the leaves,
who readily attack them, and then daily throw on
such a quantity as experience teaches them will
supiily the want of the worms, and this they re-
peat until the worms are ready to rise and wind
the cocoon, without ever reinoving the oflal or
Biems, and frequently the i)ile of collected matter
will reach the height of three or four feet. When
the worms shov/ symptoms of winding they plant
branches and brushes immediately over the col-
lected mass, the worms rise on these, the cocoons
arc formed and collected, and the rooms are then
cleared out and the reeling is commenced. This
manipulation is performed in the most clumsy
maimer ami with thfi rudest machinery imagina-
ble, notwithstanding which they produce the
finest silk in the world. For upwards of thirty
years I have been of opinion that the culture of
silk would in time, be the most !mp<jrtant of our
agricultmul productions next to cotton. Wiien
last in Turkey, by means of an American gentle-
man who is resident in Brusa, I olitaincd a quan-
tity of the genuine seed of the Morus alha (white
mulberry) of Brusa, the great silk district situated
at the foot of ftlount Olympus, (where the best
silk is ])roduccd,) the climate of which rcscnd)les
our own, being almost in the latitude of New York.
The seeds which I brought have flourished here,
and in three years more will produce fruit suffi-
cient to supply the state, and probably the United
States with seed from a native stock of the present
blood, as a jockey would term it, for I am of
opinion that the Morus multicaulis, Chinese mul-
berry, is too delicate for our climate, although it
might succeed in Florida ; but those 1 brought
we know to be geimine and hardy, and they will
flourish in our latitude."

Remarks — This information of Mr Rhind's is
important in several respects. It is highly proba-
ble that the mulberry sued which we may soon
expect from him, will produce trees more genial to
our climate, and better adapted to the «'orm, than
those now in this coimtry. The Turkish method
of rearing the worm in cities and country villa-
ges, is worthy of our imitation and adoption.
How many persons there are unemployed who
might in this way earn large sums of money an-

nually, and thus live in comparative comfort. It
would be very profitable to farmers living near
the cities and villages, to cu'.tivate the mulberry
and supply the market. The Turkish method of
rearing the worm is disgustingly filthy, and ought
to be avoided, the worms should be jdaced on
shelves properly constructed, in tiers rising from
two to eight feet, filling all parts of a room ex-
ce|)t sriace enough to allow the attendants to feed
them and remove the ofliiil and filth which when
accumulated, must injure the worm. Mr Rhind
proves the fact that our climate is adapted to the
production of silk of a superior quality, and he
very justly appreciates the high importance of the
cullui-e of silk, and is not mistaken in considering
it the most injportant of our productions next to
cotton, and I doubt much whether he need have
excepted cotton itself — Correspondent of the Alba-
ny Journal.

CULTURE OP SILK.

From the result of several years' experience, I
ventin-e to assert, that the culture of silk is ono of
the most lucrative branches of agriculture, and is
very light and jileasant employment. Nearly all
the labor of feeding and tending the worms may
be performed by small children, that are useless
at most other employments. The reeling, twist-
ing, coloring, and manufacturing sewing silk is a
simple process, and as easily performed as wool or
flax, Tliis may be demonstrated by the small
sjieciuien I send you, which was wrought upon a
common reel and wheel by one who had not the
advantage of experience, and who had never seen
a cocoon before. One hundred pounds of leaves
will produce one pound of sewing silk, and a
child from nine to twelve years of age, will gather
seventyfive pounds of leaves in a day, this is call-
ed a day's work for a child in Connecticut. At
this rate, the same child will feed as many worms
as v/ill produce twcntyseven pounds of reeled silk
in six weeks, worth from four to seven dollars
per pound, the price being regulated by the good
or bad reeling. The reeling of this quantity will
occupy the attention of a woman three weeks, and
wdl be produced from a half acre of land. A<;-
cording to this calcidation, which I think is not
exaggerated-, two children from nine to twelve
years old, in six weeks, and one woman in three
weeks, from an acre of land, will make fiftyfour
|)ounds of reeled silk, worth say five dollars per
pound, which amounts to two hundred and seven-
ty dollars. I presume that by planting one field
with the Italian mulberry, more may be made an-
nually from them, by feeding silk worms with the
leaves, than can be made by the usual mode of
farming on a plantation of one hundred acres.
We have long been in the habit of sending vast
amounts to the Indies, and Europe, to purchase
silk, and at the same time of sending the widows
ai,:d orphans of our country, who are left in |)ccu-
niary embarrassments, to alms bouses. I think
every man who feels an interest in the pros|)erity
of this country, should lend his assistance to put
a stop to such proceedings, and thus contribute his
mite to a great national good. I would, therefore
advise with humble defcren'ce, that every farmer
procure trees, which may be |)lanted by walls, on
side hills, and by the side of high ways and by-
ways, in lands too stony to till, or too barren to
produce ; — they should occupy the places of use-
less shrul)S and forest trees, as Lombardy and
other poplars, paper mulberry, &c., the Italian

mulberry being more ornamental than any of'
them, of speedy growth, and very tenacious of
life. I have shown that the business may be at-
tended to by women and children ; consequently
upwards of twelve njillions of dollars may be
saved in this country amuially, without diminish-
ing in value our other ];roducts. The time of
feeding worms is from the tenth of May, until
about the twentieth of June, a season of the year
when a barn is not much used, and by trial, the
worms are found to produce as nmch silk and as
good in a barn as in a Laboratory scientifically
constructed. Many of the worms in New Eng-
land are attended in barns, without the trouble ot
Thermometers or Barometers.

The Italian mulberry is of very speedy growth,
and may be propag.ited so speedily that the manu-
facture of silk in this coimtry may be commenced
much sooner than has been anticipated. The
genius and enterprise of our citizens is equal to
the task of inanufacturing silk superior to the im-
ported ; when once in operation their zeal and ac-
tivity will enable them to compete with the world
in the culture. I venture to assert, without fear
of contradiction, that there is not a country on the
globe having soil and climate so well adapted tc
the growth of the Italian mulberry, and constitu-
tion of the silk worm as the United Slates. The
tenacity of life is indeed wonderful in those trees.
I transplanted moie than 8000 between the 4th
and 28th of June last, and although so very late
in the season, I think not 100 died. The tree is
perfectly hardy, also in regard to heat and cold :
among upwards of 300,000 seedling plants, I havf
not discovered one that has been injured by tht
severe fro.sts of the past winter, while nearly all
my other trees have been more or less injured
thereby. The Chinese morus multicualis as wel.
as many native trees are entirely killed.

What a proud day will that be for Pennsylva-
nia, when her daughters will appear in silk ol
their own manufacture. I presume that day ife
not far distant. — Penn. Reporter.

^•<S2a5£<3WS.l£'^mSB

OJS THE PRESERVATION OP POTATOES OVEIR
THE YEAR.

As the best mode of preserving potatoes until
the produce of the next year's crop should be
brought into use, is a matter of considerable im-
portance, I beg to refer to vol. '22d, p. 135, of the
Transactions of the Society for the encourage-
ment of Arts, &c. where is detailed the following
method adopted with success by M. J. de Lanccy.
Guernsey.

M. De Lancey says : " Early in March, 1803,i
I observed iny winter's stock of potatoes, which 1
had dug in Oct. 1802, sprouted from the mildness
of the weather in this island. It occurred to me
that by putting them under ground vegetation
would be retarded. I accordingly took indiscrim-
inately from my pile about three dozen and in my
court yard dug a hole two feet and a half deep,
under the protection of a southwest wall, where
the rays of the sun prevail for a few minutes only
during the day, at any season of the year. Then,
with three pantiles, one at bottom, I laid most ol
my potatoes in the hole, and placed the other two
tiles over them in form of tlie roof of a house,
They not containing all, I threw them carelessly
into the hole, having no great confidence in my
experiment, covering the place over to its usual

VOL. XIII. NO. Bl.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

405

level. Business called 11:0 home during part of
the summer, I neglected looking after my small
deposit ; but, on tlie 21st January, 1804, nearly 11
months after covering them, I had the curiosity
to examine them, when to my astonishment, I
found them, (two or three excepted, which were
perforated by the ground worm, though firm,) all
perfectly soimd, without having in the least vege-
tated in any respect, fit for the purpose of sets
and the use of the table, as I have boiled a few,
and found them similar in taste and flavor to new
potatoes. I further pledge myself that they were
perfectly firm. I have still some of them by nic
for the insiicction of my friends, who all agree
that they are so."

In another letter, dated 18th of May, 1804, M.
De Lancey says : '' I avail myself of the oppor-
tunity of a friend going to London, to send three
of the potatoes, as a confirmation of their being
fit for sets, as they are actually sprouting. The
potatoes I send, I pledge myself are of the growth
of 1802." Then follows the certification of the
Secretary to the Society of Arts : " The above
potatoes were exarinned before a committee of the
Society on the 30th of July, 1804, and found to
be in a state fit for vegetation."

From the above experiment, it is evident that
vaults or deep trenches, out of the reach of at-
mospheric influence, would efl^ectually retard the
growth or sprouting of potatoes during the period
of about twentyone mouths ; that is, from the
time of taking up in October, till the 30th July of
the second year, or say at least eighteen months,
and we have here a period of time three
times longer than would be sufficient to fill np
the interval betwixt the old and the new crop of
potatoes.

It is probable, that potatoes for deferred use, say
from .April to October, would be more safely de-
posited in January or February than at an earlier
period ; for it cannot bo doubted that, when just
taken from the field, they possess a succidence
and moisture rather inimical to sound storing in
large quantities, besides which the examination
and removal of damaged sets would contribute
much to the security of deposited heaps. If we
can preserve ice from melting, we can surely keep
potatoes from sprouting ; and the latter is un-
doubtedly of much greater importance than the
former. Trenches or vaults would probably re-
quire three or four feet of covering of tnould,
besides all the advantages that can bo gained by
selection of a situation not exposed to the sun ;
and if the potatoes deposited were formed into
breaks or divisions of five, ten or fifteen bolls,
according to circutnstances, with intervening par-
titions to prevent the access of air, there is little
doubt, that by well contrived, anil well construct-
ed vaults or trenches, potatoes may be kept in
excellent condition, from the beginning of April
till the end of October for domestic pm-poses, as
well as for the use of horses and cattle. — Edin-
burgh Quar. Jour.

[From tlie \r\v York P'armer.)
ON THE MANAGEMEiVT OF OX TEAMS.

Mr Editor — It may apjjear to you that I am
trespassing on your patience, but I am inclined to
make a few more remarks: you are however,
under no oblisation to attend to them. In regard
to cattle and ox-teaming, although there may be
some advantage in obtaining particular breei!s
from England, I am inclined to the oi)inion that

there is more in good or proper keeping, and man-
agement, than in selecting ]iarticulnr breeds. A
selection from our own native cattle would be
equally as advantageous, I have no doubt, as to
select from a foreign country. It has proved so
at least according to my experience.

But of all points in the farming business, there
appears to be none in which the generality of far-
mers seem to be more in error than the manage-
ment of ox-teams. When I was a boy, 50 years
ago, my father's custom was, in the spring, when
he began to plough, to get up as soon as it was
light and feed his oxen, and before 7 o'clock take
them out and go to ploughing until 12 o'clock, and
then to let thetn eat hay as long as they would,
perhaps 1^ hours; but the moment they began to
chew the cud, to take to the work .igain till near
sun-down. When they first began they would
plough more than an acre a day, but in the course
of 2 or 3 weeks it was hard to go half an acre,
and this with much difficulty. This surely, I
thought, was a hard task, and when I came to be
manager myself I took a different tnethod, and
that was not to feed atrtil about sunrise, which
gave them a little time in the morning to
chew the cud, and at noon gave them time to lay
down half an hour for the same purpose, and
then t3 go until one hour before sunset. With this
method I found my team would plough as much
in a day at the end of p'oughing as at the begin-
ning in the spring, with the same feed as given in
the other method,

Another method I found customary among far-
mers when I came into this country, still worse
than the former, and that is to take up the team
before sunrise, and before it had time to chew
the cud, or eat any at all, in order to plough in the
cool of the day, and at 9 or 10 o'clock pretend to
feed them. But the fact is, by that time they be-
come so exhausted and feverish that they cannot
eat at all, but must be taken out again to work
towards the cool of the day ; and thus they soon
get their team to lie down in the furrow, notwith-
standing they may have asufliciency to feed them.
The fact is, as I find it, animals that work as a
team must have a proper time to eat, and to chew
the cud, aiul to rest, or they will soon fail in per-
forming: and if they have this, they will not only
perform a good spring's work, but will work the
year round through heat and cold, except in some
hot days, when it is even too hot for a man to
work in the sun. Yours truly, L.

SILK.

Lisbon, May 5th, 1835
To tlifi r.ilitor ol the >^ilk Culturist.

Sir — I am much pleased, on perusing the first
two numbers of your valuable little " Man'Ual ;"
with the manner in which you have stated the
probable advantages of the culture of silk to the
farmers of America; and I wish to add a few
words in confirmation of your statements.

I have manufactured silk, at Spitalfields, in
London, twenty years ; and am perfectly acquain-
ted with the winding, warping, and weaving of
plain silks, such as Sarcenets, Satins, Gros-de-
Naples, Florentines, Plushes, and Velvets ; or fig-
ured silks, such as Florets, Tobines, Tissues, and
Damasks ; all of which works require very differ-
ent kinds of silk. In the last six months, I have
woven many pounds of silk, of American groivih,
into silk stocks for Mr Samcs Bottom ; and I assure

you. Sir, that I have seen many samples of Amer-
ican silk, far su|)erior to the Bengal, China, and
French silks, and nearly equal to the best Italian.

I am surprised that the farmers of America
have 80 long neglected the culture of silk ; it being
so very profitable, and the climate being so well
adapted to it. I have known Italian silk to be
sold for a dollar an ounce, in England before it
was manufactured ; and the average price is about
seven dollars a pound. At the present time, the
most inferior kinds of manufaetm-ed silk, imporf-
ed from England, France, and China, are being
sold, in this country, for sixteen dollars a pound:
and as the cost and fair profit of manufacturing
cannot exceed seven dollars, it leaves the enor-
mous price of nine dollars a pound for the raw
silk, which price, the people of America are now
paying to the people of Italy and France.

By reference to the statement of M. Carrier, in
the first number of the "Colturist," I find that
nearly all his silk, sold for nearly 6 dollars a
pound ; and, that on an acre of land, he realized
two hundred and ninety dollars in a year. Now
when wo take into consideration the disadvanta-
geous nature of the climate of France, compared
to that of America, it appears to our view a mine
of wealth for the fiirmers of this country.

In this letter, I have endeavored to show the
advantages of the silk trade in an individual point
of view ; should you deem this worth insertion, I
will, in my next letter, point out the advantages
of the silk trade, to the community at large.

Yours, &c. Wii-i.iAM Carpenter.

White Mdleerrt. — Our white mulberries
some of which were set out last spring, and some
the spring before, varying from two to four years
old, have been killed more than we have ever
known this kind of tree to be by any winter. The
trees are upon a thin gravelly loam, and were not
l^otected in anyway whatever.

Chinese JVIui-BERRy. — In order to test the har-
diness of this species, we set out, last spring, six of
them. They were one year old, from layers, and
about two feet high. We set them in a cold clay-
ey loam, where we knew the frost would heave
very much, and without manure. They grew but
little last summer. In the fall we wound some
matting around one of them. One of them being
broken down accidentally, we threw some dirt over
it, the others we left as they were, to live or die.
The result is the following. One of them we gave
away to a friend quite early in the spring, without
knowing whether it was dead or alive, and have
not heard whether it is living or not. Two of the
others were throwu almost entirely out of the
ground, of course iheupper roots were frozen, but
the lower roBts are alive yet, and may or may not
come. Another one is starting about four inches
above the ground, the one covered by a mat is
killed down to the ground, and the one that was
broken and covered by earth is putting out leaves
from the eyes next to the earth that is over them,
and which has not been removed. We think
on the whole, from this experiment, they are as
hardy and have done as well as the white
mulberrj' would have done in the same circum-
stances.

A dandolo (Italian) mulberry, without protec-
tion one year old, was killed down to the
ground and has not yet started. — Maine Far-
mer.

406

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

otrtTi, i83£r

S?2SW 23S?-©J2>^sa':S' S-^JESffilgSaa

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 1, 1835.

FARMERS' WORK FOR JULY.

Hav Making. — It is best to cut the h.'aviest grass
first, and if it be so thick and luxuriant as to lodge, or
thi lower leaves, and bottom of the stallis begin to de-
cay, turn yellow, and lose their nutritive qualities,
tliough ihe grass be not more than two thirds grown it
it well to begin to mow it. But if you are stron;.'
handed as regards help, and can ' go ahead" like a
steam car, you may as well wait till the head is fully
formed, and the seed obtained its growth, though not
entirely ripened. The Farmer's .Issistunt asserts that
the best time for cutting herds grass [timothy] where
but one crop is cut in the season is when the seeds of
the grass are fully formed, but before they have become
ully ripe, but as farmers cannot cut their hay in a day
or two, it is necessary that they begin before this lime
that they may not end too long after it. The same
time is also proper for cutting clover, or rather when a
part of the heads turn brown. Foal meadow may be
cut much later without being hurt by long standing."

It is affirmed by a writer in ihe Norwich Courier, " If
grass when mown is carefully turned every day it will
injure very little. The great cause of injury is its lying
on the ground through a long spell of rainy weather.
If it lie mote than one day, it becomes mouldy and
turns black. If carefully turned every day, " rain or
shine, ' it will not lose its color. This is the result
of many years' experience.

With regard to making hay from clover, there are
various opinions and practices. The Farmer's Manual
directs, in order to preserve the most valuable parts of
clover, viz. the heads and leaves, to cut it in dry weath-
er ; and when the dew is dried otf from the first swaths,
turn them over gently without spreading, until you
come to the swaths which are Iree from dew, let ttiese
lie untouched until noon, unless showers or a storm
become threatening. In this case break oiT your mow-
ers and get your clover from the swath into small cocks.
Let the cocks be made with the fork, with only once or
twice rolling. But if the weather continues fair, let
your mowers keep on, and your haymakers follow willi
their forks, and put all the swaths into small cocks.
The next day let these cocks stand, and go on cutting
as before ; proceed thus until you have secured your
clover. In two, three or four days as the weather may be,'
the clover first cut will be fit to carl if the weather
proves fair, if not the rains will never penetrate f.irther
than the winds and sun can dry j tlie clover will be in-
jured only on the surface. Should a long cloudy or
moist turn succeed you may give your clover air by
taking off the tops of each cock and placing it for the
bottom, and thus with your fork change the order of
your cocks by bringing the bottoms to the tojis ; this
mode will cause your cocks to shed rain better than the
common mode of turning t'.ein over at once with the
fork. When you find your clover sufiicienlly cured for
bousing, take tlio first good hay day, turn over your
cocks in the morning when tiic dew is off, and as soon
as the moisture is dried from the bottom clear your
fields. Tlr:s you will secur*; tlie most valuable parts of
your clover, viz. the heads and leaves in full bloom and
as perfect a gieen as when growing. And your horses
will hold their flesh and do more service on this clover
without grain than on clover cured by the common
method with the usual quantity of grain.

The Albany Cultivator in treating of making hay
from clover observes, " My practice has been to K'ave

the clover to wilt in the swath, and when partially
dried, either to turn the swaths or to make grass cocks
the same day, so as to secure the dried portions from
the dew. That which is not put into cocks the first day
is thus secured the second day, or as soon as it becomes
partially dried. These grass cocks are permitted to
stand one, two or tlirec days, according as the weather
is, and as the curing process has progressed. When
they are opened at nine or ten o'clock on a fair day,
the hay is turned over between eleven and three and
soon after turning gathered again for the cart. Thus
cured, the hay is perfectly bright and sweet, and hardly
a blossom or a leaf wasted. Some care is required in
making the cocks. The grass is collected with forks
and placed on dry ground between the swaths, in as
small a compass as convenient at the base, say two or
three feet in diameter, and rising in a cone to the
height of four or five feet.

" The advantages of this mode of curing clover are ;

"I. The labor of spreading from the swath is saved.

" 2. The labor of the hand rake is abridged, or wholly
dispensed with, if the horse rake is used to glean the
field when the hay is taken off, the forks sufficing to
collect it tolerably clean in the cocking process.

" 3. It prevents in a great measure, injury from dew
and rain, for these cocks if rightly constructed, (not by
rolling) will sustain a rain of some days, that is, they
have done this with me, without heating, or becoming
more than superficially wet.

4. " Clover hay made in this way may almost inva-
riably be housed in good condition ; and if rain falls
after the grass is mown, the quality of the hay is infi-
nitely superior to what it would be under the old pro-
cess of curing."

A writer for the N. England Farmer, vol. xi. p. 2,
with the signature, W. B. who is a practical and judi-
cious farmer, objects to attempting to cure clover in the
swath or in cocks. He says, " clover, like other hay to
be good for anything must be dried in the sun," &c. Dr
Deane undf r the head clover directs, when half the
heads are turned from red to brown, and in the decay
it is the right time to mow it. But if the seed is to be
saved for use, it must stand until it is all dead ripe, both
heads and stalks. It requires more care to make clover
into hay than most other grasses. That which is mown
in a morning should be spread, turned and raked up be-
fore night. The next day if the weather be fair, it
must be opened, stirred once or twice, and cocked up
again. Then, after sweating a day or two, it may be
put in the b.irn."

Lorain says, " Curing hay in swaths to save the
juices, seems to be not only practically wrong butalso
oppnsed to reason. The confined heat and moisture in
the interior of the swath promotes fermentation ; and
must be more or less injurious to the nutritive matters
contained in the grasses, A:c." Although tliere appears
to be a point blank variance in write s on the subject of
making hay from clover, they may be right on both
sides, by conforming to circumstances. If the crop be
large and luxuriant, and the weather fair and dry,
adopt what Lorain calls '* the good old way of shaking
out the swaths, and spreading them carefully over the
whole surface of the soil as fast as the grasses are mow-
ed" provided the dew is off. But if the weather be
lowering and variable let your gross remain as left by
the mower, and be cured in the swath and the cock as
heretofore directed.

iNniAN Corn for Fodder. — The prospect is that
grass for hay will be short this season, and it may be
well to planter sow Indian coin for fodder.

Corn intended for fodder, may be sowed either broad

cast or in drills. The former is the least trouble, the
latter will give the greatest product, and leave the soil
in the best order. If the land on which you propose to
raise your corn is mowing or pasture fre.sh ploughed for
the purpose, broad cast sowing will, perhaps, be pref-
erable, as the sod after being turned over should not be
disturbed, and there will be but litile to apjirehend from
weeds. If you sow broad cast, from 3 to 3^ bushels to
an acre are recommended.

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETT.

rl-OWEKS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, June 27, 1835.

The display this day was unrivalled by any former
exhibition at this season of the year, the great increase
of beautiful and new roses, herbaceous and bhrub flow-
ers excited general admiration.

M. P. Wilder, from his gardens in Dorchester, 0 va-
rieties of moss roses, viz. llo^ea plena, do. blanda, da.
alba, do. Blanch nouvelle, do. De la fleache, do. cocci-
nea, do. panache, do. prolific, do. single. Paeoniaa
— Whitleji, Humei, Fragrans. Dahlia — Brown's
Ophelia.

Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard. Roses —
York and Lancaster, Tuscany, White, do. Globe, Pro-
vence, Blush, Perfecta, Dianthus, Campanula pyrami-
dalis. Delphiniums, Potentilla, &,c.

S. Walker, Roxbury. Campanula persicoefolia, Alba,
plena, do. do. purpurea, Cli'iuatis alpina, Dianthus var.,
Ford's fine seedling, do. do. Bows, Clauding's hybri-
da, barbalus, Lysimachia qu:idr;folia, Lythrum salica-
ria, Monarda Russelina, (Enothera speciosa, do. Fra-
geri, do. macrocarpa, Penstemon digitalis, do. var.
Phlox paniculata, alba, setacea. Antirrhinum, linaria;
Ranunculus, var. Spirea filipendula, Tradescantia vir-
ginica, var. rubra, Veronicasiberica, Hespeiis purple pi.,
Clematis integrifolia. Ruses — Provence, Gloria Mundi,
Walker's Roxbury Belle, Blush, &c.

Joiin .\. Kenrick, Newton. Pceonia Whitleji, Fra-
grans ; Delphinium sinensis, Spirea levigata, Lonicera
pubescens ; about 75 kinds of Roses.

Winships. Variety of various kinds.
E. P. Hartshorn, Esq. Fine specimens Moas
roses, &c.

For the Committee, Jona. Winship.

FRUITS EXHIBITED.

The exhibition of Strawberries this day was finer
than probably was ever before exhibited on the So-
ciety's tables. 3 boxes Keen's seedlings, and one of
Southboro, from the garden of Mr Thomas Hastings,
East Camhridge, very large and handsome, took the
lead.

3 Baskets Methven Castle, Do%vnton and Keen's
Seedlings, (one each), large and handsome from the
garden of Hon. I.. Vose, Dorchester.

4 Boxes Methven Castle from Mr Arlemas Rogers,
Watertown. Methven Caslle from Mr J. L. L, F. Warren,
Brighton and Mr Richard Ward, Roxbury — Seedlings a
new kind, a promising specimen from Messrs Plovey^
Cambridgeport.

3 Bunches White Chasselas grapes from the grapery
of Jacob Tidd, Esq. Roxbury.

A Milan Cucumber, from Mr A. D. Williams, Box-
bury.

For the Committee, B. V. French.

An adjourned meeting of the Massachusetts Horti-
riiltural Society, was held at their room on Saturday,
the 27th June.

Mr J. P. Davis, from the committee appointed to se-

VOL,. XHI. NO. 51.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

407

lect a list of candidates to fill the vacancies in the So-
ciety reported — that they had attended to their duty and
respectfully subinitled their seleclions.

It was voted that the committee proceed to ballot for
the officers of ihe Society. — Messrs B. V. French, Sarn'l
Pond and Thomas Brewer, were chosen a committee
to Collect, sort and count the votes.

This committee having attended to their duty, report-
ed that the whole number of votes given in was thirteen,
all of which were for liie following persons, who were
unanimously elected.

President. — Hon. Elijah Vose.

Vice Presidents.— E. Bartlett, S. A. Shurtleff, G.
W Pratt.

Corresponding Secretary. — R. T. Paine.

Recording Secretary. — E. Weston, Jr.

Counsellors — Samuel Downer, John W. Boott, E.
M. Richards, John Prince.

Covimittee on Fruits. — S. A. Shurtleff, Samuel Dow-
ner, E. M. Richards, B. V. French.

Committee on Flowers. — J. E. Teschemacher.

Committee on Library. — J. E. Teschemacher, E.
We-ton, Jr.

Committee on Synonyms of Fruit. — Sam'l Downer.
Executive Committee. — Cheever Newhall, George W.
Pratt, L. P. Giosvenor.

Committee on Finance. — -B. V. French, Cheever
Newhall.

Messrs J. L. L. F. WarreUj Peter Wainwright, Jr.
Samuel Phipps and Marshall Tidd, were admitted sub-
scription members.

It wss voied, that the executive committee, be a
committee to revise the constitution and By-laws, and
report at the next slated meeting.

Voted, that if any vacancies occur in this Com"
mittee, they be authorized to fill such vacancies.

Adjourned to Saturday, July 4th, at 11 o'clock, A M.
Charles M. Hovey, Sec. ^ro. tem.

FANEUIL HALL VEGETABLE MARKET,

WEDNESDAY, JULY 1, 1835.

Peas Jjl, Beans 75 cts. per peck, Beets \t\ els per bunch,
Cucumbers 6^ o 1!^5 cis aplec , Cabbaj^es, G4 cIs. a bead,
Radisi t's, 3 els. a bu,;ch, Turnips 64 els. a bunch, Rliubarb Gj
cts. a pound, LeUuce 3 els. per head.

Slrawbcrries "lo els. a box, Cherries I2i cts. a quart, Cjoose-
berries, ISj cts a quart.

WABTTE O

A man and wife (Americans) to take the charg^e of a Faim
of about 500 acres in Ihe Slate of New York, Near Green
Bush. 'J'iie man mu-st be lliomu^^hly acquainted wiili Ihe va-
rious brandies of business incident to such an establishment,
and amonj other qualificaiions, that of Ihe rcarin;^ and man-
ttgemenl of Slock is requisite. The w.fe will I>c required lo
manage an extensive dairy. To siicli a family, that can pro-
duce the needliil reco r.(nend;;tions for capacity, industry,
neatness and solirie'y, lib.^ral encournjj -ment will be f:;iven.
None others need apply. ZEUEDEE COOK, Jr.

Juni. 25, 1835. Ct i Court Street.

GARDENER WAKTED.

Wanted an experienced capable Gardener. He must pro-
duce written testimonials from former cniplnyers of his capac-
ity tomanatre a Mot and Green House establishment, and every
other branch of Gardening, and als'j ol bis .'obriely and indus-
try. Liberal wages will be paid. Horticulturists in N.York
and Philadelphia, are respectfully requested 10 recommend
any such Gardener, who mav be seekin? emplovment, to Ihe
subscriber. ' JOHN LOWELL.

Broomkij Vale, Itoxhtinj, near Boston, June 23, 1S35.

HEIFERS FOR S.\L.E.

For sale in Roxbury, a pair of Twin Heifers, 3 years old
next August. They look precisely alike, and are of a fine size.
Inquire of Col. Wymaii, or Mr Fisher, at his Hotel in Roxbury

The mother of the above mentioned Heifers was a tuin, and
during twelve years from May 15, 1822, to May, 1833, had
and raised sevejiieen calves.

June 10. CATHARINE BLANEY, Roxbury.

threshing; machi.ve.

The subscriber respectfully nfl'ers lo Ihe public a new
Threshing Machine which he has recently invented, and
vvhii h for uiiliiy, cheapness an', simplicity he can recommend
to ibeir use.

The machine, piil in operation by a horse and tended by Iwo
men, is ca|iable of ihjesbing grain of all kinds, wlielhcr reaped
or mower!, and al Ihe same time separates-it from the straw,
doing the work of twelve men by the ordinary process per
day, wilhoul any waste of the grain

The apparatus hy which Ihe machine is put in motion is con-
nected with it, and it is altogether as ]jortable as a horse
wagon. •

lis simplicity is such that it can be built or repaired by most
farmers at a small expense.

The superiority of the machine over any other of Ihe kind
now in use. consists mahily in the perfect manner in which il
separates the grain ftonr the head of the sheaf — everv grain
being eft'ectually separated— which in itself i, equal to 5 per
cent of the whole quantily threshed. The head passes
through unbroken, but the grain is efl'ectually cleared. As lo
its capabihly ofexecutioii, it will thresh out as much grain as
the most active man can handle, and then the cradle into which
il passes is frec|nently nol more than half filled.

The subscriber has secuied Lellers Patent for the above in-
vention. The machine will .soon he ready for exhibition in
this city, ilue notice of which will be given, aud rights for
Stales, counties and towns then be dispose^l of.

June 21. WILLIAM LAIGHTON.

COWS ! COWS : cows i

£t SImrtleff's Farm in Chelsea, a little East of the Ferry.

For sale, 20 Cows, 4 Calves, and a few Heifers. The cows
are first rale milker-, Short-Horns, Fill-Pails and Gallowa\s,
and many of ihem sired by the imported liulls, Ccelebs, Uoli-
var and Fill-Pail.

About one hundred Ewes and Lambs of Saxony, Merino
and Dishley blood. Grass standing on fifty acres of salt
marsh, equal lo any in Ihe Commonwealth, Also 18 acres of
first ra e winter Rye and 9 acres of Barley, all in lots lo suit
purchasers.

.Sale ol the grass and grain at 1 o'clock, and of the calt.e
and sheep at 4 o'clock, p. M. July 2.

Pedigrees and age at Ihe time of sale. June 25.

PLiOWER POTS.

The subscriber has for sale al his pottery in Danvers, a new
style of Flower Pols. .Samples of the Pots may be seen al
the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51, North .Market street.

June 10. 3l. MILES OSBORN.

VALUABLE WORK OIV AGRICULTURE.

This Dav published by Geo. C. Barrett, THE COM-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONOMIST. By T.

G. Fesseniikn. Sijeond etViUou, revised mul improved by the
Author, tcith considerabi " additions.

The first ed'lion .^ as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent (or a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendations to public patronage, and cannot fail to prove still
more useful lo the community of cullivalors.

This v\ork has niel with decided and universal approbation
from llie most eompetent judges. .Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
Lowell and Rev. Henry (."olman. The Editors of ihe
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the .Maine
Farmer, Loudon's Gnrtleiier's Magazine, t^J-c. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number lo publish
those of the other gentlemen who have honored the work with
their approbation.

"Roxbury. April 6, 1S35.

" Having perused with attention the Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G Fessendeii. I^sq. in its first
edition, and having recently revised il at his request, prepara-
tory lo a second edition, 1 am of opinion thai it is a valuable
compendium and uselul work. Those who knmv that the sci-
e ce of Agriculture is so extensive as lo fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Atibe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such an a-
bridgemenl full details in any one branch of that exlensive and
\aried art. But 1 know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more inslruclion in so small
a compass Ihaii ibis work of Mr Fessenden.

mfi John Lowell."

FRESH ■WHITE BIUIuBERRV SEED.

Just received at Ihe New Eng'»and Seed .Store, 51 i^- 52
North Market street,

A quantity of fresh and genuine White Muiberry-seed, from
one of the greatest Mulberry Orchards inl^onnecli'cul, warr..nl-
ed new and good, ilirections accompanving each package.

June 14 1834. GEO. C. BARRETT.

MORUS MULTICAULIS.

Trees of ihe above new variely of the Alulberry for sale hy
the subscriber al ,§40 per hundred. g5 per dozen, aud 50 cts
each, being about six feel high. Orders soliciled.

Feb. IS. GEO. C. BARRETT.

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WBEKLT.

KRUM

TO

Apples,

barrel

3 50

5 00

Beans, while,

bushel

1 75

2 n

Beef, iness, tnew)

barrel

13 00

13 50

Cargo, No. 1.

"

11 60

12 00

prime

"

U 00

950

Beeswax, (Americi'n) .

pound

20

24

iiuTTER inspected. No. 1, .

"

14

17

Cheese, new milk, ....

0

S

9

Feathers, northern, geese,

"

4fl

a

southern, geese,

It

35

.39

Plax, American, ....

10

11

Flaxseed,

bushel

1 33

1 37

Flour, Genesee, . . cash .

barrel

C7j

6 87

Baltimore, Howard street.

1^

700

Baltimore, wharf.

"

6 50

6 7S

Alexandria,

u

6 75

6 1,7

GiiAiN, Corn, northern yellow .

bushel

93

95

soulliern yellow

"

90

93

white.

"

92

93

Rye, northern.

"

95

1 00

Barley

"

Oats, nor hern, . (prime)

.;

62

Hay, best English

ton

19 50

21 00

eastern screwed, .

'*

15 00

16 00

hard pressed, ....

"

16 00

18 00

Honey,

gallon

37

42

Hops, 1st quality

pound

13

14

2d t|ualitv ....

"

Lard, Boston. Lsl sort, .

"

11

12

southern, 1st sort.

•'

9

10

Leather, slaughter, sole.

it

19

20

do. upper.

"

12

14

dry hide, sole.

"

16

18

do. upper, .

"

18

20

Philadelphia, sole.

(1

27

29

Baltimore, sole, .

"

25

27

Lime, best sorl

cask

1 00

105

Pork, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .

barrel

21 00

22 00

Navy, mess, ....

"

16 00

16 50

bone, middlings,

(t

Seeds, Herd's Grass,

bushel

225

2 37

Red Top,

"

75

87

Red Clover, norlhern,

pound

8

9

While Dutch Honeysuckle, .

25

03

Silk Cocoons, (American)

bushel

200

3 00

Tallow, tried, ....

cwl.

7 50

800

Wool, prime, or Saxonv Fleeces, .

])ound

65

70

American, full blood, washed,

*'

55

65

do. 3-4lhs do.

*'

50

55

do. 1-2 do.

It

4.5

58

do. 1-4 and common

"

37

42

Native washed

'<

38

60

c f Pulled superfine,

"

60

65

Z-z lsl Lambs, .
■5 -S .{ 2d do.

(f

45

50

"

3.S

3S

0 g. 3d do, . .

0

25

30

"-• 1 1st Spinninj. .

0

35

40

Southern pulled wool is generally 5 cts.

less per lb.

PROVISION MARKET,

RETAIL PRICES.

Hams, norlhern,
southern,
Pork, whole hogs.
Poultry. .

CuTTKR,{tub) .

lump
Eggs.

Potatoes, '
Cider,

pound

1

"

10

"

11

dozen

15

htishel

£0

barrel

3 00

13

S

7

14

16

13

16

.55

3 50

BRIGHTON MARKET,— Monday, June 22, 18.35.
Keporleil for Ihe Daily Advertiser &. Patriot.

At Market, 370 Beef Cattle, 14 pairs Working Oxen,
45 Cows and Calves, 2940 Sheep and Lambs, and 225
Swine. About 70 Beef Cattle remain unsold.

Prices. Beef Cattle — Last week's prices were not
supported, as will be perceived by our quotations, viz:
three or four yoke at 40s 6d, and one ox at -lis, all of
which were very fine ; prime at 34 G a 39 ; good 336 a
34 G ; thin and ordinary at 27 9 a 30 9.

Working Ojcn -Sales at 40, CO, 68, $70; and one
fine yoke at i|13,".

Coicsand Cu./rM— Sales at $26, 24, 25, 28, 30 and 36.

Sheep and Lambs — Lots including l-5th old, were
taken at 123, 12s 9d, 133 Gd, and 1.5s, and a very few fine
at I8s ; Wethers at Ills Gd, 21s, and 23s 3d.

Stcire — Nearly all those at market were small pijs,
and were sold in a lot at about 7c ; and a lot old, 5 for
BOWS and 6 for barrows.

408

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JULY 1, 1835.

I>E5ig©JllS.SiAS-^=

[From the guuthern- Rose Dud. I
THE CHILD'S DOUBT.

You know you told me, mollier dear,

(Mow can I thinU it true?)
That God can always see and hear

Wliat'cr I say and do I

1 listen, mollicr, for Ins voice,

I look His form to see ;
1 see Him not — I lienr Him not ;

Then how can He see me ?

My child ! yon often tremble, when

The clouds are talking loud ;
And are you not afraid to hoar

Hi9 voice who made the cloud.'

And see the Sun is in the skies !

Look up, with steadfast gaze.
Yon cannot ! no ! it hurts your eyes;

Too strong the wondrous blaze.

Yet, faint before the face of Him,

That glory is a shade.
Or, at the best, a moment's gleam.

His pitying glance has made !

But, mother, when the day is dark,

When shadows dim the air.
By radiant breakings through the clouds,

1 know the Sun is there !

My child ! the heavens, earth, and air.

Are darkness to His day.
And all the glow of glory theie,

His love's attempered ray.

In mercy to our senses weak,

He shades his presence bright,
In Nature's music, veils His voice,

And in her smile. His light. Flore.sce.

[From the Emporium anJ True American.]

DON'T QUARREL.

" One of the easiest, the most comnion, and the
most perfectly foolish things in the woiKl is — to
quarrel ; no matter with wliom, man, woman, or
child ; or upon what pretence, provocation, or
occasion whatsoever. There is no kind of nece.s-
sity in it, no manner of use in it, and no species
or degree of benefit to be guided by it. And yet,
strange as the fact may be, theologians quarrel,
and politicians quarrel, lawyers, doctors, and prin-
ters quarrel, the chureli quarrels, and the state
quarrels, nations, and trib(;s, and corj)orations,
men, women, and children, dogs and cats, birds
Mid beasts quarrel about all .iiaimcr of things and
oil all maimer of occasions.

Now that a great deal of mischief comes of
this everybody sees and feels and admits, but
what good.' Many thing.s, evil in tliemselves,
have their redeeming results and produce at least
their kernel of wheat to the bushel of chaff, but
if anybody ever discovered a good thing cojne
out of a quarrel, if he'll give us its length, breadth,
quality, and description, we'll insure him a patent
for it.

If there is anything in the world that will luidve
a man feel bad, e.xcept pinching his fingers in the
crack of a door, it is unquestionably a quarrel.
No man ever fails to think less of himself after
than he did before one — it degrades him in his

own eyes, and in the eyes of others — and what
is worse, bhmts his sensibility to disgrace on the
one hand, and increases the power of passionate
irritability, on the other.

Some things look very well in theory which do
not answer at all in practice; and it is possible
for a man to reason himself into the belief that a
particidar system is right, which, when reduced to
practice, will turn out entirely wrong. But neither
the theory nor the practice of quarrelling is good.

The reason people quarrel about religion is,
because they really have so little of it, and the
harder they quarrel the more abundantly do they
prove it. A man has a right to stand fast by his
religious faith — a right to insist upon it — a right
to present it respectfully on all proper occasions,
to the consideration of others ; but he has no
right to quarrel — and any man that will quarrel
about these things, in my opinion, has not much
to quarrel about.

Politicians need not quarrel. Whoever quar-
rels with a num for his political opinions, is him-
self denying the first principles of freedom —
freedom of thought — moral liberty — without
which there is nothing in politics worth a groat —
it is therefore wrong upon principle. You have
on this subject, a right to your own opinions —
so have others ; you have a right to convince
them, if you can, — they have the same — Exer-
cise your rights, but again I say — Dori't quarrel.

The truth is, the more quietly and peaceably we
all get on, the better — the better for ourselves,
the better for our neighbors. In nine cases out
of ten, the wisest jiolicy is, if a man cheats you
to quit dealing with him ; if he is abusive, quit
his company ; if he slanders you, take care to live
so as that nobody will believe him , no matter
who he is, or how he misuses you, the wisest way
is, generally, just to let him alone. There is
notliing better than this cool, calm, quiet way of
dealing with the wrongs we meet.

Longevity of the Vine. — The vine lasts to
a considerable age ; it spreads also to a large ex-
tent or when supported rises to a great height. Al-
thongh it hears at three or four years plentifully, it
issaid by Miller that vineyards improve in quality
till fifty years old. Pliny mentions a vine which
had attained the age of si.\ hundred years. In
France and Italy there are entire vineyards still
in existence, and in full bearing, wliich were in
tlie same condition at least three centuries ago ;
and have so continued ever since. The slender
stems of ordinary vines, when they have attained
a considerable age, are remarkably tough and com-
pact ; and the timber of the very old ones in for-
eign countries, which is occasionally of size
enough for being sawn into planks, and being
made into fiirniture and utensils, is almost indes-
tructible. Strabo mentions an old vine which
two men could not embrace. A single vine plant,
which was trained against a row of houses at
Northallerton, covered, in 1792, one hundred and
thirtyseven square yards. It was then about a
hundred years old, and it increased in size after-
wards; but it is now dead. In 179.5, the princijial
stem of this vine was about fifteen inches in
diameter.

DRY GOODS AT REDVCED PRICES.

The subscriber imeii'.liat; lea\'inj; this part of ilio counUy for
the Soiilli about the Isl ol' August iic.\l, otl'ers (or sale the
wliole ol his e.\lcnsive slock of Forei';n and Donicsiic Goods,
and lease of the store INo. 414 Wasliington si — anil the stock
will he sold at very reduced prices at retail uuld closed, among
which are the followinfj varieties, viz i —

IJroadclolhs, (yassinicrcb, Atheuiaa Cassimere, Rouen Cas-
simere, Alheniau Camlets, i^*c.

4 bales of superior Welch, English and American Flannels.
Some of them are \*iry superior, auil are warranted not to
sliriiik in wash ng.

2 bales of Angola Flannel, an excellent article for summer
wear.

1 bale Domel Flannel, 4 do col'd American do.
4docol'd Uoniets,

3 cases of superior Enfjiish Cambric Dimoties,
1 do. do Furniture Dinioty,

1 do col'd Poult de Suic Silk, at 3s per yd, of an excellent
quality,

Cases Irish Linens of superior quality,
do English and American I'riiUs,
do and bales of brown and bleached Shirtings,
do of white Cambric and CambVic Muslins,
do of Bishop Lawns, from 20 cents to 5s 3d per yard,

1600 ps Nat kin ami Canton Straw Carpeilng,

Cases of Taylor's Persian Spool Cotton, at 3s per dozen, or
5 cents per spool, wai ranted of very superior quality.

Cases of t^pool Cotton at iit\ per dozen,

1 case of open work cotton Hose at Is per pair,

cases of 4-4 and 6-4 Bobbincl Laces, I'm 9d to 5s 3d per yd.
case Grecian do. superior quality, at 2s per yard,
1 hale Russia Da mask, 6-4 and 8-4— a very durable article
for Table Cloths,

2 cases India and English Silk Hdkl's.

2 <lo col'd Table Cloths, assorted sizes,

1 do col'd bordereci cotton hdkfs. ; imitation L. C. at 9d
each.

I case Linen hdkfs. 4 do American Sewing Cotton,

5 bales Russia Crash,

3 cases Linen and Cotton Tapes, 1 do. English Pins,
7 bales of Tickings, assorted qualities — and a great variel

of other goods, which will be sold in pro| nrlion.

ELIAB STONE BREWER,
June 3. 414 Washington street.

A rail road is projected from Paris to Calais, so
that one may breakfast in Paris, and dine in Lon-
don.

variety

HOLIilS' CELEBRATED HORSE IcINIMENT,

For Sprains, Britises, Wind-Galls, Old Strains, Stiff

joints, Sicelled or Cracked Ihels, and for Horses that ar

strained in the back sinews, wrung in the withers, t^'C. ; also

for Glandular swellln<fs of the throat.

'I'he ingredients w'hich compose this prepare tion have been
carefully selected after many yeais' experience, and are soma
of the most successful remedies united, correctly jiroportioncd
and happily adapted to afford rcliel in all the attove mentioned
complaints; the proprict.^r feels assured that when once this
article is used, it will be pr:'lerred to any other, as it is decid-
edly ihe best and certainly the most convenient article in use.

N. B. Persons afflicted with Hlieumatism. Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Stiffness, or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy.

I'repared and sold by TMOiVIAS MOLLIS, Druggist and
Chemist. No. 30, Union Street, Boston, Mass.

Qj^ The Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed.

Price for large Bottles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. o29

WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, v\lio is well arquainted with his business in ai'
its branches, and who can procure good rcconinicndations frotn
Ills last employers. Enquire at G. C. Barrett's Agricultural
Warehouse, Hoslon. m6.

THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at $6 per annum,
pavable at the end of the year — but those who pay ivithin
sixty days from the time o(" subscribing, are entitled to a de-
duction of fifty cents.

inr No paper will be sent to a distance willioul payment
being niade in advance.

AGENTS.

New York — G C. THotiBuuN, 67 Liberty-street.
.Albany — Will. Thorburn, 347 niarkcl-street.
Philadelphia — D. i^- CLAMiBtiTH, 85 Chesnut-strecl.
Baltimore—]. I. HiTCHCocK, Publisher of American Farmer.
Cincinnati — S. C. Parkhuhst,23 Lower Market-street.
Flushing, N r.— Wi«. I'KtKCK Si- Sons, Prop. Lin. Bol.Gar.
Middlelmnj. 1'(. — WioHT Chapman, Merchant.
Hartford — GooiiwiN Sf Co. l!ook>^ellers.
Newhuryporl — Erkni'ZKR .'^rKiitii as. Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. H.— John W. Foster, Bookseller.
Woodstock, Vl.—J.A. Pratt.
Bangor, Mc.—\\r<u Mann. Dniggist.

Halifax, N. S. — P. J. Holland, Esq. Editor of Recorder.
St. Louis— Gto. HoLToN.

PRINTED BY TUTTLE AND 'WEEKS,

No. 8, School Street.
OBOEK8 FOU PRINTIHa KECEIVED BY THE PUBLISHER.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL.

PUBLISHED BV GEORGE C. BARRETT, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (Agbicultoral Warkbouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR.

VOL. XIII.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 8, 1835.

NO. 52.

fFitr Ilie .Vew Ciiglaiid l*'ariner.J
NOTES BY THE WAY. \0. 1,

Mr Editor — Boing a constant reader of your
weekly sheet, and feeling a deep ir.terest in every-
thing which concerns the prosperity of the farmer,
I always take pleasure in my pilgrimages through
our smiling New Eng'and in inquiring ahout
their welfare, the management of their farms, &c.
— Perhaps this interest is increased from sundry
reminiscences of many years spent in the lahors of
the farm, — and mayhap the recollection of " liusk-
ing frolics and red ears," "raisings," "country
sleigh rides and snow drifts," and the many by-
gone sports of the farmer boy still dwell on my
mind's eye, and cherish and renew ray interest in
the farmer. I find in my note book sundry sage
reflections and ideas, which, (if you think they
are worth the room,) are at your service for the
columns of the Farmer.

B-

,N. H. JoNE, 1835.

In passing through the "Granite State" the
raveller cannot but notice in how great a degi-ee
ler prosperity and advancement depend on the
armer, — for a very large proportion of her popu-
ation must, from their situation and the nature of
he country, depend on the culture of the soil.
i\t first view, her interminable hi'ls and rocks
eem to oflTer but little encouragement for tillage,
md in too many cases this view of the matter ap-
)ears to have preponderated with the owner of the
loil, and liis large but thinly cullivated fields, the
ime-woru buildings and fences of many, the infe-
ior breeds of cattle, the orchards, in many cases
;onfined to the old and unimproved varieties of
r-uit, the absence of the many cDnveniences of
he systematic farmer, oflfer but little inducement
r temptation to embrace the life of the cultivator
f the soil. But on a closer examination there
nay generally be found land as strong and pro-
ductive as most of the New England States, and
icilities which, if improved, may make the farm-
r's life, what it ought to be, one of which he may
le envied the enjoyment.

In riding ahmg througli the upper part of the
5tate, one of the first things which strikes
lie eye of one aitcnstomed to the comfort and
eatness of most of the vvell cultivated farms in
lassachusetts is, the great extent of land around
lany of the farm houses which lies uncultivated
nd unimproved, which now is not only unpleasant
0 the eye, but from the taxes which the farmer
ays for all this and the expense of keejiing it
roperly inclosed, must be a heavy drawback on
le profits of the whole farm. As a general rule,
le farmer, by judicious management and a proper
otation of crops, might here, as in many other
tales in New England, raise as much from one
alf as he now does from the whole of his farm ;
ia profits from tliis half would be very much

"everlasting hilis," might still remain on their na-
tive soil, and make happier if not better men
than when transplanted to the counters or work-
shops of the city, or compelled to seek in the far
West a subsistence which they ought to draw from
" their own, their native" soil.

Whence arises this want of knowledge of his
best interests? — It is from a reverence for old
customs and ancient usages. It is too often the
case that the farmer practises on the old-fashioned
modes of cultivation |)ursucd by his ancestors, —
uses the antiquated and unwieldy tools they used,
neglects and despises the improvements in farming
and domestic economy of a later day ; and if he is
told there are better and more economical modes
of culture, v/hich will make him more indepen-
dent and render his labors lighter, as well as more
profitable, his usual retort is, "All this is very well
to talk ahout, — it looks well on paper — but I don't
like book farming, nor newfangled notions — I've
got along well enough so far, and made a liv-
ing, and why should I trouble myself about im-
proving ?" — This " well enough" is what keeps
half the world contented in their original obscurity,
represses the promptings of a laudable and honest
ambition to improve themselves and their pos-
terity— were I emperor or king for a day I w ould
condemn every person who professed himself a
disciple of this " well enough" school to thetread
mill for a year. I often wish, Mr Editor, when I
hear such answers, that I had a moiety of your
brain as manufactured into the " Complete Farmer,"
or a vohwne of your weekly hebdomadal, that I
might act as a missionary-at-large, and leave one
at the house of every one of these farmers, — with
the request that during the long winter evenings
they would read and " inwardly digest" its practi-
cal residts, its pithy precepts, its sage maxims,
and its black and tohite demonstrations, so plain
that the most obtuse could see and learn tlie ad-
vantages of good, scientific farming — be it book-
farming or not, so long as it be practical. Were I
to resort to farming once more, I hardly know how
I could do without one or both of the above
works : and 1 would suggest to the Ofiicers of the
various Agricultural Societies in New England
the more gentrul adoption of the plan of
giving, instead of a small premium, a volume of
some valuab'e Agricultural work — It would, be-
side the value of the matter of the work, keep
the sulijcct constant'y in the mind of the farmer,
and incite him to new exertions. — It has been
very beneficial wherever adopted, and would help
to sustain our now feebly supported agricultural
works. Will some of the ofiicers of Agricultural
Societies who have ado; ted this plan give us, the
uninitiated in the plan, the results of their experi-
ence in this matter.'

The fact is, the farmer and everybody else
knows, that " what man has done man can do
again," and when he reads of such rich and pro-
fitable results from good farming, the farmer must

I Iiave wandered somewhat from my " way"
on this subject, which I deem of such great im-
portance. If you think these "Notes" worth
the room, you shall hear from me again in a
few more remarks on this subject and on some
others which I find in my note book.

Your friend, Rusiicus m Urbe.

iFor the New England Famier.]
SOILIKG WITH MERINO SHEEP.

Friend Fessende.n,

If it is thought that the following would be
useful to the wool-growers it may be published. I
should like to have sonic of them at least, try it,
and publish the result of their experiment in the
New England Farmer.

It is two weeks since I commenced keeping my
Merino slieep twenty liours in the twentyfour,
under a well ventilated shed, and supplying them
plentifully with cut grass three times a day; al-
lowing them to run out in an adjoining lot about
two hours in the morning and two in the evening ;
keeping their shed well littered with straw, and
the remnant of their fodder. Every few days
we put a layer of earth for the pur|;ose of sweet-
ening the pen and making compost. So far as 1
have tried the cxpci ii.icnt, the sheep look well,
and, I think, are improving.

Several advantages may be found in thi.s kind of
sheep management. 1st. They are kept out of
the dew, rains and hot sim, which are said to in-
jure both sheep and wool. 2d. We can keep our
sheep frotri running over the cattle pasture, which
we believe to be injurious to feeding cattle. 3d.
A large stock of cattle may be thus kept as well
as sheep. 4lh. It adds to our stock of manure.
.5th. The sheep are kept from dogs. The manure
will fully compensate for the trouble.

Respectfully, M. P.

Chester Countj, Penn. Gth Month, 23, 1835.

Barn-yard Hog Pen. — Sir— My father, who.<ie
farm I inherited and took possession of two years
ago, had his hog-stye detached from his barn yard.
Immediately on entering upon the farm, 1 remov-
ed my pen by enclosing a j ortion of the barn yard.
I keep my stye well littered with straw, leaves,
weeds, soil from the woods, and meadow earth
obtained from ditching, by carting, together with
that put into the yard, from two to ten loads per
week. I sometimes put a few handfuls of rye in
different places in the yard and let in hogs. Feed-
ing them thus for a few days, they completely stir
up and commute the contents of the yard. I am
confident that I make four times the quantity of
manure that my father did, and with no increasa
in number of stock — and of a better quality too,
comparatively none of its strength being washed
away by the rains, and eva; orated by the sun.
My farm consists of nearly 70 acres, princij>al y
in tillage. I am confident that I shall, in the

course of a short time, get it all in a state of high
lore than it is now from the whole, and the hardy see where Lis true interest lies,aud go and do like- cultivation, without laying out any money in tha
ons of our fanners, born and bred among her wise. 'purchase of manure. Yarikee Farmer.

410

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

jriiT 8, 1835.

TO FARMERS,

If there is any one temporal interest that is of
more importance, and entitled to more reward,
than another, I think I hazard little in saying that
it is the afjricultural interest.

Throiigii the medinin of agriculture, we re-
ceive more real blessings, than through commerce
or the arts ; agriculture is the only source of na-
tional wealth or comfort that cau be depended on
with safety : wuliout the co-operation of agricul-
ture, commerce and tlie arts would die ; and even
virtue, which is so necessary to the support and
prosperity of a nation, would lose a powerful sup- ,
port; therefore agriculture is entitled to, and
claims the support, and protection of the commu-
nity, and any thing which has a tendency to blight
the prospect of the fanner should be speedily re-
moved.

Look for a moment at a well regulated farm,
or a fanning community, and contentment, hap-
piness and good order will be seen to exist ; the
fields will be covered with verdure, and healthy
flocks and herds will cover the hills; fences and
buildings will be found in good condition ; in short
everytldng will bear the appearance of lasting
prosperity : and above all the inhabitants will be
governed by the principles of religion and virtue.
Now turn your eyes to the farm or neighbor-
hood of the slothful ; all seem discontented and un-
happy ; instead of good order, will be found confu-
sion ; instead of food for man and beast will be found
weeds and briers: unruly and sickly cattle will be
found in consequence of poor fences, and inatten-
tion in many respects ; every thing will wear the
appearance of adversity and misery : the minds of
children will take a wrong direction, and in time
juany evils will creep into that community.

Why this difference between two neighbor-
hoods enjoying the same advantages of climate,
location and soil ? Ninety-nine times in u hundred
the difference is owing to intemperance and the
evils which follow in its train ; the use of stimu-
lating drinks has ruined more f\irmers than all the
hail storms and whirlwinds since the creation.
You may as wdl look for verdant fields on the
desert of Sahara or the ice bound shores of Lap-
land, as to look for prosperity under the blighting
influence of artificial stimulants in common use
among farmers.

I can well remember when it was as common
as anything, to hear one farmer accost his neigh-
bor with, " where do you buy your rum for har-
vest this year?" "have yon laid in your store of
rum for haying?" and for the store keeper to ac-
cost the farmer with, "I have just got in a quan-
tity of rum, and should like to sell you what you
may want for harvest :" hut now such things are
becoming more rare ; farmers are beginning to
find that it is for their interest to exclude artificial
stimulants from their premises as unprofitable and
hurtful ; the aspect seems quite changed ; the des-
olate place is putting on the appearance of cheer-
fulness, and the wilderness is blossonnng as the
rose.

May the period soon arrive when intemperance,
this scourge of nations shall he banished from
land, and when farmers will not sell their products
to be converted into strong drink of any kind. —
Vermont State Journal.

which greatly lessens their value, it is necessary
to kill the moths. This is generally done by bak- ]
in" in an oven or by steam, but the best mode, is
to lay the cocoons on linen or cotton sheets, but not
too close, or one upon the other, and expose thein
thus to the heat of the sun in ojicn air, when it is
perfectly dry, during four days, from 11 A.M. to
4 P. M. taking great care in handling them not to
crush or flatten them, which is of the highest im-
portance. In that time there is no doubt that the
moths will be killed. ^

The processes of steaming and baking are not al-
ways safe, because they may be overdone and the
silk greatly injured. I have seen instances of it in
this country. Yet, if the weather should prove ob-
stinately damp or rainy, those processes must be
recurred to; but not in dry sunshiny weather,
when they can be avoided.

The last thing to be spoken of is the packing
of the cocoons to send to market. They must be
put in boxes with great care, not pressed too close
lest they should be flattened, and close enough
that they should not suffer in like manner by
striking hard ur.on each other in consequence of
the motion of carriages or stages. The boxes be-
ing dry and well conditioned may be transported by
steamijoats ; if transported by sea, they should
not remain longer than fifteen days on salt water,
lest they should become mouldy. On river water,
and particularly by steamboats, there is not the
same danger. The boxes in every case should be
covered with a tarpaulin of good oil cloth, that
they may in no case suffer from dampness or rain.
The price of cocoons in this country cannot
yet be settled, but it will be the interest of the silk
cuhuristto sell them in the beginning as cheap as
possible, to encourage the silk manufacturers,
which alone can procure them regular purchasers,
and without which their produce must litt on their
hands.

Perforated cocoons, from which the moth has
escaped, those which are spotted, and the imper-
fect ones, counnand no price, and are generally
given away by the silk culturists. There are but
few of them, because, those who raise the silk
worms being experienced in the business, pro-
duce hardly any but good cocoons. When these
are sold, the bad ones are thrown into the bargain.

Oakland Whig.

COCOONS INTENDKD FOR SALE.

In order to prevent the cocoons from being
perforated by the moths escaping from them,

ROT IN SHEEP.

About the year 1808, some land, part of which
had been under water, mUCli of which was a bog,
and part of v/liich Was nearly dry, was drained,
levelled and irrigated. Although it was drained,
and was so far dry that horses could at all times
walk upon it, yet it produced coarse herbage,
rushes, and even some flags. In this state it re-
mained for at least fifteen years, and during the
whole of the time it was constantly fed ou by
ewes and lambs in the spring, and no instance
was ever known of any of these sheep ever show-
ing the slightest symptom of the rot.

As, however, the herbage was not good, and
it was supposed that, by obtaining a better out-
fall, and a more effectual mode of drainage, the
meadow ntight be much improved, it was broken
up in 1829, drained more perfectly, better levelled,
and was again laid down to grass after a turnip-
fallow. The land then appeared to be perfectly
drained. The turnips were excellent, and the
grass which was sown in 1831 was beautiful.

It was mown that autumn, after having been ir-
rigated, and produced abundantly. It carried
great flocks of sheep the ensuing spring, and pro-
duced a very great crop of grass early in the
summer; but afterviards, in that year, the land
appeared starved, and the grass did not conle a
second time to the fccythe. In the spring of
1833, the meadow yielded a good pasture to the
sheep, but except in those parts which were dry
and steep, it produced little for the scythe. Rushes
made their appearance, and as it was probable that
the land was not sufficiently drained, more drains
were maile, which produced a great deal of
water. Then, for the first time, smpicions were
raised that the sheep fed on the land were tainted
by the rot, and it has been ascertained that, since
Christmas, 1833, sheep fed u])on it have taken the
rot in five days. In the spring of 1834, more
drains were made in it. The consequence of
which has been a great iinprovement in the qual-
ity and quantity of the herbage, but as far as the
rot is concerned, it has been equally fatal to every
sheep put upon it. It is necessary to add, that
although the whole of this meadow is now so
well drained, that af\er a fortnight's irrigation it
will become so dry in a week as to admit of
horses galloping over it without scarcely leaving
the print of their shoe, yet as some parts of it are
much lower, and consequently nearer the watei
by some feet than others, it might be supposed
that they would be more likely to produce the rol
than those i)arts which are higher. But this if ■
not the case. It has been ascertained that thej
are all equally infectious. Other meadows it
this neighborhood, irrigated partly by the samt
stream, have equally rotted the sheep, though per-
fectly well drained. As those other meadow; i
are entirely new, it cannot be said of them tha
there was a time when, though less well drained
they did not rot the sheep. They do not aflfec
the question, what can be the reason why land
which when less well drained was fed by shee]
with impunity, rots them no*v, when it is mucl
better drained ?

It cannot be attributed wholly to the seasons
because other water meadows in the same county
but on a difterent stream, did not rot the sheep ii
the spring, or even in the autumn of 1833. It i
true that in the spring of 1834, some few out o
very many have been supposed to take the rot
and that in the autumn of 1834*, even on thes
meadows, scarce one has escaped the infectior
But where they have taken it, some parts of th
land have not been effectually drained.

These occurrences naturally excited attention
and recourse to every known means supposed t
be capable of preventing this infection was resor
ed to. It has been said that sheep folded on fa^
lows, and not allowed' to go on to their pasture
till the dew was ofl'the ground, have escaped th
rot; when others, which vyere allowed to lemai
constantly on them, have taken it : that di7 foo
.riven to them on dry ground during the nigh
and that salt and oil-cake have acted as preservi
tives. The evidence of the good eflects of a
these antidotes has been such as it was nnposs
ble to doubt. But each and every one of thet
has been tried here with the greatest attentio;
and it is painful to add, that they have all fade

* In the autumn of 1833, 200 ewes were fed on the;
meadowB, and when killed, were all found to be qui
sound.

VOI-. XIII. NO. 53.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

411

in even/ instance. The mode in wliicli these ex-
periments were made was tliis. Out of a large
lot of fine wethers which were in the course of
being killed, and which were all believed to be
sound, three at a time were selected for the trial
of each of these remedies, and put on the mead-
ows. At the end of three weeks, their livers
were invariably found to be more or less infected ;
while the livers of the others of the same lot,
which had not been on the meadows, and which
had remained in their usual dry jasturcs, reraaincd
unaffected.

This continued for some time ; but at last two
wethers which had not been on the meadow, were
found to have diseased livers; and, therefore, it
cannot be affirmed with perfect certainty that the
subjects of the experiment had taken the disease
in spite of the remedies ; because it is just possible
that, like the two last, they might all have taken
the infection at some previous period. — Edinhurgh
Qr. Jour, of JlgricuUure.

Transactiong of the Essex Agricultural Snciety, for 1834.

ON DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.
This Cominittee, Rev. G. B. Perry, Chairman,
after mentioning the awards of premiums — some
of which for specimens of needlework, were giv-
en to children 11, 5, and 4 years old, amounting in
the whole to the sum of one hundred and eight
dollars — proceed to say ;

In presenting this report they are happy to observe
what indeed must be known to all who have visited
the room where the articles were exhibited, that
their number was unusually large, and in general
of a superior quality. It will be readily perceived
that this increase in number, considering the lim-
ited time allowed the committee for examination,
must increase the difficulty of examining and
comparing them so as to judge coi^-ectly of their
relative merits. All the committee assume is an
honest desire to fulfil impartially the trust com-
mitted to them, feeling no ways confident that
exact justice has in all instances been done.

There were several articles for which premiums
or gratuities are awarded, and others perhaps
nearly or (juite as meritorious, not thus distin-
guished, upon which the committee would have
been glad to have made some remarks. Among
them may be mentioned specimens of different
kinds of dressed leather, a great number of very
substantial hearth rugs, several pair of linen hose,
a variety of beautiful articles manufactured from
the milk-weed, (ascle])ias syriaca,) and some inter-
esting specimens of coloring done by Mrs Mer-
rill of Newbury. But our time did not allow of
such discriiTiinate records as would now make our
remarks of the best service to the Society.

An unusual number of the specimens exhibit-
ed were the work of children from 4 to 12 years
of age, many of them executed at leism-e hours or
between schools, and afford a happy and encour-
aging evidence of the industry of that interesting
portion of our population. Your committee were
at some difficulty to determine what should be
done in relation to them, but concluded finally, as
it was the great object of this Society to encour-
age industry and the dfcvelopement of the me-
chanical powers, they would recommend a gratu-
ity'of a dollar to each or.e whose work gave cred-
itable evidence of a desire and ability to do well.
Your cominittee think, however, that should the
Society comply with this recommendation, it

ought not to be construed into an intimation that
the like course would he pursued at subsequent
exhibitions.

Perhaps it may be observed with justice, that a
large proportion of the articles were rather of or-
namental than iu the strictest gense of the word,
of the useful — such as are more calculated to
please than to profit. Your committee are not
enemies to taste and ornament ; nor do they sup-
pose that because a thing is good for nothing but
just to look a<, that it is therefore worthless. Our
benevolent and wise Creator has made, and does
from year to year continue to make, many things
of which we know no use except that they are
pleasant to the sight ; and we feel willing — more
than this, desirous, — that the noblest portion of
his creatures should iu their appropriate sphere
attenipt to imita:e him. But with the beautiful
he has given a still larger portion of what in civil
economy is called the useful, or perhaps it may
be more accurately expressed, he has rendered
the useful attractive by finishing it in a tasteful
and ornamental manner. We do not wish any of
the specimens had been withheld, nor the atten-
tion to things of taste diminished, but we wish
with these an increase of those of a more substan-
tial character, and particularly those where the
useful are rendered interesting and attracting by
an ornamental and, tasteful finish. We are persua-
ded we express the feelings of the Society, and of
the community generally, when we observe
that the great and good design of this annual exhi-
bition will be more fully answered, if in subse-
quent years our young female friends, and indeed
those of greater age, together with their highly fin-
ished specimens of bead and lace and various fan-
cy v/ork, will also bring well wrought specimens
of plain sewing and knitting, garments of com-
mon wear, and other necessary and substantial
articles of domestic life ; things which meet the
wants and subserve the interest of every day, and
by which, even in the busy forenoon, a family
would a|ipear attracting, as well when at even-
tide they are ready to see friends and enjoy the
sweets of social life.

The county abounds with specimens of the sorts
referred to. In very few portions of our country
are the principles of taste and economy more hap-
pily combined than in our' ovi^n county. What
we ask is, that our annual exhibitions may have
their interest and usefulness increased by a more
extensive collection of them.

Remarks of the Trustees of the Essex Agricul-
tural Society, in offering premiums for Butter
and Cheese :-i-

The trustees have heretofore been desirous of
encouraging the makinJE; of good butler aind cheese.
A laige proportion of their premiums have annu-
ally been given for these articles. They are easily
prepared for exhibition, and can be trans|)orted
without material injury. They are in a peculiar
manner susceptible of improvement by careful
attention to the manner of making and preserving
the same. Every person who has ever known
the distinction between good and bad butter, must
he astonished when he considers how much the
purchaser loses by want of care in the making of
this article. It is not too much to say, that the
farmers of Essex might save thousands of dollars
every year, if they would give proiier attention to
the management of their dairies.

Pepper. — Mr Reynolds, in his " Voyage Round
the World," gives some account of the cidture of
Pepper, the principal article of trade at Sumatra.
He says it grows on a vine or creeping plant, run-
ning up on jiolcs, with leaves of a dark green,
heart-shaped, pointed, and not poignant to the
taste. The blossom is small and white, and the
fruit hangs in bunches or clusters, resembling
those of the currant bush, but larger and less
pliant. It is from four to five months in coming
to maturity. The berries are at first green, and
gradually become a bright red when ripe, and
soon fall oft', if not gathered. " All the bunches
on the stems do not become ripe at the same
time, and the natives frequently go through their
little farms with small baskets, plucking off each
bunch as they become ripe. When gathered it is
spread out on mats, or clean places, to dry. That
which has been gathered at a proper age will
shrink least ; while those skilled in the trade will
readily distinguish that which has been plucked
prematurely, by rubbing it in the hand, when it
will impart much dust, and even crumble to
pieces."

The poles are about six feet apart, probably re-
seinbling one of our hop-fields. The culture of
1000 such ])lauts or hills, is occupation sufficient
for a man and his wife — 500 are usually allotted
to a single person.

Threshing Machine. — We have seen the new
" threshing instrument" which has been exhibited
in this town during the past week — and we com-
mend it to the favorable attention of all our far-
mers of the Granite State. It is a neiv one — de-
pend on it ; a patent — invented by Mr Laighton,
of Portsmouth. Those who have examined it,
have but one siory to tell — from his Excellency
the Governor, to the most humble individual of
tlie Agricultural fraternity — and that story is a
good one. If we were in the " speculating line,"
we should purchase a right in the concern, and
that shortly. As we are not we recommend our
friends who may desire to know more about it, to
Messrs. A. M. & A. J. Beck, Portsmouth, N. H.,
who are sole agents for the concern. — JV. H. Star.

Gapes in Chickens. — To one quart of corn
meal add about one spoonful of sulphur and as
much salt as will give the dough a salt taste —
make it into dough. We are assured by a re-
spectable farmer who has repeatedly tried it, that
if this food be given to young chickens frequently,
say once a week, until the season for gapes is
past they will not take the disease, and that if
laboring under it, three or four meals of it in suc-
cession will cure them. — Washington Republican.

The weather thus far has been remarkably cool.
Our thermometer at 1-2 past 5 this morning stood
at .57 1-2, which is a rare occurrence for the first
of July. 'J he season has been hitherto quite un-
favorable to travelling, and we presume the wa-
tering places have felt its un|!rofitable influence.
A friend just from the Virginia Springs, tells us
that the visitors were obliged to have fires and to
wear great coats all the time he was there. — Phil.
Gazette, July 1.

To preserve Milk. — In very warm weather,
when mi!k sours soon, put two table spoonfuls of
salt into every pail of milk before straining, and
it wi.l greatly inq)rove the quality and quantity of
butter. — Genesee Farmer.

412

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JT1.\' 8, J 835.

BNGLISII FARMING.

Drill IlnsBANDRT — Bone Manure — Flesh
COLORFD Clover — Pig-sties. — IJagshot Park
Fiirm is, as usual, beautifully cultivated, and most
Bcientifically and economirally managed by Mr
Burness. No one who does not understand the
East Lothian farminj; can fidly appreciate the
merits of the system pursued here. All the croj)s
are drilled ; and by the force of bone manure, which
is drilled in along with the seeds, good crops are
raised on the poorest sand. Mr Burness sows the
Trifolium incarnatum on his wheat stubbles, cov-
ering the seed with the harrow, but on no account
stirring the ground deeper than three inches, and
finds a good crop of clover, either for grazing or
cutting in the following May. The plants were
now from one foot to eighteen inches in height,
and in full bloom. This clover was also sown by
Mr Hill, a Northumbrian farmer, in the neighbor-
hood of Mr Donald, and it seems to be consider-
ed a valuable addition to our British clovers. It
is strictly an annual, and will on no account live
through a second winter. In Mr Burness's par-
lor, we saw the picture of an ox of the Sussex
breed, five years old, fed on the farm without the
aid of oil-cake, which weighed 240 stone of 8 lbs.
contained 30 stone of fat, and sold for £60. The
painting of this ox was by Mr Steers of High
Wycombe. In the farmery are some new sheds
for fattening cattle on the plan described by Mr
Nowall of Dumfries, in our Encyclopajdia of
Cottage, Farm and Villa Architecture. In the
breeding jjigsties, Mr Burness has introduced a
contrivance for preventing ttie mother from crush-
ing her sucking pigs against the wall. It is sim-
ply a shelf carried round the interior of the sty,
about nine inches wide, and raised about nine in-
ches from the ground. This shelf prevents the
sow from pressing herself against the wall when
lying down, and leaves space sufficient between her
and it for the pigs to pass. The dry, poor, sandy
soil of Bagsliot Farm is particularly calculated for
being benefitted by bone manure ; and Mr Burness
consequently buys manj'. The price he jiays for
thom is 20d. a heaped bushel : when ground they
lose about a tenth of their bulk, and the price for
a bushel of dust not heaped is 2s. The bones,
after being ground, are mixed with equal parts of
turf ashes or sandy soil, and the mixture is laid in
heaps for a fortnight to for nent, before being
spread upon the soil. The fermentation which
takes place is most powerful, and, if permitted, it
would continue for a great length of time ; but a
fortnight which is found absolutely necessary is also
found quite sufficient to render the com[)OSt fit fi>r
agricultural purposes. Thisnecessity of fermenting
bone dust, before spreading it on the soil, should
not be forgotten by gardeners, when using it in
the composition of vine borders (see Mr Forrest's
practice, detailed in vol. 502,) or as a general ma-
nure. Perhaps bones ground, and mixed with
soil, might be found an excellent substitute for tan.
Mr Burness has invented a machine for drilling
bone dust along with corn, or turnip or other
secda. It may be made to sow six or eight rows
at a time, and the distance between the rows can
be varied at pleasure. This drill may be had of
Messrs Cottam and Hallen. In feeding both cat-
tle and sheep, oil-cake is frequently given here.
Mr Burness finds that it does not affect the flavor
of beef or mutton in the slighteat degree ; but that

it totally changes the character cf the fat of pigs.
— Loudon's Magazine.

[From the Farmer's Register.]

ON SAvnvGcoRsr stai>ks, and prbparikg

THUm AS FOOD FOR CATTI.E.

In my paper of the 26th March I referred to
another on the subject of the plan of saving a corn
crop adopted by me, in such a manner as to reap
from every part of the refuse a great benefit in
the way of feeding my cattle. The ajipropriation
of the stalk particularly, in this way, so as to make
it yield the greatest benefit that could be obtained
from it, consistent with producing and saving the
cro|) of grain, early arrested my attention, from
reading a variety of communications for years back
on the subject of the nutritive qualities contain-
ed in the stalk at particular periods — as also some
experiments made in feeding with them. In the
prosecution of this object, I was urged by suc-
ceeding in saving a corn crop in the manner point-
ed out by that valuable agriculturist. Judge
Buel, and which plan I had seen practised on the
South Branch of Potomac, before reading it. I
make this cominunication to you, sir, the more es-
pecially, as I have read in your highly valuable
periodical, the "Register," some communications
on managing the corn-stalk to advantage, and be-
lieving that I am considerably ahead in an econo-
mical use of it. Since the plan has been adopted
by me, and its valuable efl^ects exhibited, you will
be assured I read with some pain the many labor-
ed communications so frequently given to the
public of judicious methods of turning the corn-
stalk into manure, &c. The |)rodigious mass of
valuable Ibod produced from a field is another
consideration that I am compelled to regard with
much interest. All will readily acknowledge that
at one stage the corn stalk as a food for animals,
exhibits highly nutritious qualities. Now to ar-
rest, or save as much of those in it as possible, is
one of the great arguments with me, in favor of
my mode of saving the corn crop ; but I am as-
sured this is equally effected as regards the fod-
der and shuck, [husks.]

After housing my corn crop, as before stated,
[p. 635, vol. ii.] the first rainy day, if no more
pressing wet work is calling for attention, all hands
" go to shucking (husking) corn, and stripping oft"
blades." If I am in want of this last species of
forage for my plough horses, or mules, which by
the by is not often the case, as my gama grass hay
and oats cut in the sheaf with which the cutting
trough is kept constantly replenished, suiiplies that
want. In shucking the individual throws the corn
in one direction, and lays the stalk with attention
to regularity beside him, until he has an armfull,
when he takes them up carefully, and deposits
them a short distance from him, in regular order
for putting into the cutting box, when they are re-
duced, frequently stalk, shuck, and blade, to pie-
ces of about an inch in length.

At a convenient distance from this apartment,
three strong made hogsheads are placed, well
pitched on the outside, made expressly for the
purpose, with tops well fitted of light wood or
straw, and standing on a platform about three feet
from the ground, having at the bottom a large
spigot to let off their contents. Just before them
a large trough is placed, and which with thesteam-
ing apparatus standing between the two last, is in-
closed and covered with a shed. Into these hogs-
lieads I Ihrpw a small quantity of boiling water,

and into the water a small quantity of corn or rye
meal, just sufficient, when the cask is filled up
with cool soft water, to produce the vinous fer-
mentation, as if going to distil. As soon as the
liquid has attained that state, I steam off a turn of
the cut stalks, shucks, &c., putting the last into the
trough, over which, by means of a portable trough
such as distillers use, I permit the fermented li-
quid to flow and cover the cut stuff, which has
been well pressed down previously in the trough,
and held down by a moveable top. This done in
the evening, the forage becomes perfectly satura-
ted by morning with the liquid, at once one of the
most nutritious and palatable preparations for the
cow kind yet discovered. The cut stuff charged
with the wash, is deposited in the feeding troughs
taken out of the trough in which they are satura-
ted, in baskets, which carries away no more of the
liquid than what is contained in it by absorption.
Every particle is consumed by the cattle, care be-
ing taken to serve them with the food as they con-
sume it. By a little arrangement I keep my hogs-
heads so filled, that one is always ready for use.
My horses and mules consume this preparation
with equal gout as the cattle. As a food for my
work o.xen when laboring, it is, experience convin-
ces me, superior. It " sticks by the ribs" — and
plentifully given keejjs them in fine plight. The
apparent pleasure with which the animals consume
this preparation is observable. I know of no food
which they eat with more avidity — and what I
consider of much advantage to them, especially
the cow kind, they soon fill themselves. Satisfied
that nature intended that the food of animals
should include a variety, and that this being a law
of nature, this variety is necessary for the highest
state of animal health, I have added to the stalks
every vegetable substance that can be subjected to
the cutting box, usually given as food, viz: straw j
of oats, rye, rice, wheat and hay, pea vines, and <
sweet potato vines cured — and if plenty, any veg-
etable roots that can be spared from other ani-
mals— and in the season, a portion of grass. I
am fully satisfied that the gain in keeping my cat-
tle, which 1 obtain from cutting up their food, is
much more than equivalent for the time and labor
bestowed — and that a still greater equivalent is re-
ceived from the steaming ; for it must be remem-
bered, I convert into food a mass of what could
not otherwise be made so.

My first essay was with the stalk alone, strip-
ped of blades and shuck. The result was about
the same as when the blades and shuck were per-
mitted to go to the trough. The effect produced
by this preparation, on milch cows, I have found ,
all that could be desired — and in addition to the j
foregoing, with plenty of salt, it will be found '
to produce in the animals a high degree of health.

Now, sir, in answer to some of your excellent
correspondents, I will observe that I am compel-
led to view my plan as the best to convert the
corn stalk into manure: and I view my gain on
this score, equally great. My cattle are well lit-
tered with pine straw, or oak leaves, &c. The pro-
duction of my corn-stalks passing through the sto-
mach of animals, affords me the rich means of
converting them into the faest of manure, to a pro-
digious amount. Here my gain over the plough-
ing-in system is, I tliink, decided and self-evident.
Plough in a ton of stalks, and let me carry out of
my dungstead what another ton has enabled me
to produce, and the result will readily be anticipa'
ted. AGRICOI.A.

Mabama, March 30, 1835.

vol.. XIII. NO, 53.

THE TURVIP PLY.

Mr Tucker — If you have room in the col-
umns of tlie next Genesee Farmer, I shouhl feel
extremely obliged hy your informing me what is
the surest method of destroying the Turnip Fly.
The tin milkpan mentioned in your number of
23d ult. was undoubtedly a certain mode of clear-
ing an individual plant, but how, Mr Tucker, are
we to extirpate the destructive little insect from a
field of ten acres ?

My Wall-flowers, (which I introduced about
four years ago from Germany into Scotland, now
known there by the name of Suterania, or Lilac
Wail-flower,) I fear will be wholly eaten up. I
have remarked that thev liave increased in num-
bers after each of the heavy thunder showers we
have lately experienced here, which I liad vainly
anticipated would have cottipletely destroyed

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL

413

ments, are needed to prove the general efiicacy of I of oats, proved greatly superior to farm yard

this remedy.

Loudon says, "Arch Garrie, a Scottish garden-
er tried steeping the seed in sulphur, sowing soot,
ashes, and sea sand, along the drills, all without ef-
fect. At last he tried dusting the rows when the
plants were in the seed leaf, with quick lime, and
found that effectual in preventing the depredations
of the fly. "A bushel of quick lime," he says,
" is sufficient to dust over an acre of drilled tur-
nips, and a hoy may soon be taught to lay it on
almost as fast as he could walk along the drills.
If the seminal leaves are powdered in the slio-ht-
est degree, it is sufficient; but should the rain
wash the lime off" before the turnips are in the
rough leaf, it may he necessary to repeat the
operation if the fly begins to make its appear-

tbem.

Had I thought you required a bribe for convey-
ing instruction to the ignorant, I might perhaps
have said that one or two dozen of my best plants
should be selected for Mr Tucker, and his friends,
but that I cannot do in justice, as they were his
before the fly made its appearance, and shall be
forwarded to him as soon as they are ready for
transplanting.

I remain, sir, truly yours, Retus.

Gore, U. C. 1st June, 1835.

REMARKS.

The numerous prescriptions that have been re-
commended for this evil, show the great difficulty
of obtaining one which will prove always efl^ect-
ual. Among the most efficacious are the follow-
ing, which although intended principally for tur-
nips, may also be adapted in most cases to wall
flowers, as well as to all other cruciferous
plants which are attacked by the turnip fly or
beetle.

An infusion of soot, tobacco leaves, or of any
other substance pernicious or poisonous to insects,
without injuring the plants, if used frequently and
moderately in watering them in dry weather, will
often prove eff'ectual. As a liquid, however, can-
not be used conveniently on a large piece of land
tobacco dust, mixed with lime, ashes, or soot,
may be sown over the field at the rate of a half
bushel to the acre, early every morning. Ellis an
old writer on husbandry says, " Turnips sooted
about 24 hours after they are up, will be entirely
secured from the fly." Bridgeman says, " a peck
of lime, soot, or tobacco dust, mixed with an
equal quantity of ashes, or even dry road dust,
sown every morning or evening for the first week
after sowing the seed, would secure an acre of
ground, provided it be so contrived that' the wind
carry it over the whole piece of land, and as it
often changes, this may be effected by crossing
the land in a different direction every time, ac-
cording as the wind may serve."

It is said that the eggs of the insect are attach-
ed to the seed of t^e turnip, whence they proceed
first in the grub, and afterwards in the perfect in-
sect state, to attack the young plant. Hence rub-
bing, keeping and sowing the seed in flour of sul-
phur, has in some cases completely succeeded in
destroying them. Steeping them in fish oil 12 or
24 hours, then draining them off", and mixing them
with plaster, to separate them, has also been used
for the same purpose. The attachment of the
insect to the seed requires further investigation to
establish it as a general fact ; and farther experi-

Making the ground so rich that the young plants
will grow ra|)idly, and continue but a short time
in the seed leaf, is of considerable imi)qrtance ;
for after the evolution of the rough leaves, they
are nearly beyond danger from the insects.
Another method, and perhaps the most uniformly
effectual one where the soil will admit of it, is to
use a heavy roller immediately after sowitig the
seed. This renders the surface smooth, and closes
up the interstices in the soil which serve the in-
sects as places of retreat from the weather,
birds, &c.

Perhaps neither of these methods alone may
prove effectual ; but the employment of several of
them together, would doubtless greatly lessen the
evil, if not entirely prevent it.

The following plan is recommended in the Me-
moirs of the Board of Agriculture, as one which
has proved uniformly successftil in avoiding the
insects and is worthy of attention until au ap-
proved specific is discovered. " While the land
is preparing for a fijll crop, begin to sow in your
garden every second day, a small pinch of seed,
and watch its progress ; so long as the insects de-
vour the plants immediately on coming up, i{ is
not safe to sow ; hut the moment they begin to
relax, which they will do, get the general crop
in as soon as possible ; and if the best and fresh-
est seed be sown on rich land and moderately
thick, a sufficiency of plants will soon get into the
rough leaf out of the reach of the fly, and make
an abundant crop.

Though we require no bribe to induce us to an-
swer the inquiries of our friends, whenever it is
in our power, still q tivuc^"'' ''ke the one promis-
ed by Retus, will always be acceptable as an as-
surance that our efforts are kindly remembered
by those for whom we labor. — Genesee Farmer.

nure : and 5thly, he has found it an excellent ma-
nure for trees.

In England, bone dust has been long and freely
used atnong agriculturists, and is highly api.roved
as a manure : but we doubt whether in this
country, where land is so plenty and cheap, it can
ever be found an object of general use. The dif-
ficulty of procuring it here, in sufficient quanti-
ties, except in the immediate neighborhood of
hirge cities, must always operate to prevent its
introduction into general use, to any considerable
extent, in situations, however, favorable to full
supplies, we apprehend, establishments for the col-
lection of bones, reduction into, and sale of the
dust, would prove highly beneficial and profitable.
Of the eminently invigorating quality of the pow-
der, there can be no doubt in the minds of those
who are aware of the elements of which bones
are composed. — Baltimore Farmer.

BONE MAJVURE.

Mr John R. Watson, of Perth Amboy, New
Jersey, has communicated to the N. Y. Farmer, a
series of experiments which he has made with
bone dust as a manure, and which gave the
following results: 1st. That its good effects
are equally perceptible on a light, and on a heavy
loam : 2d, That two rows of corn, ])lanted in
drills manured with it, proved better than 2 other
rows manured highly with hog-pen and yard ma-
nure, and two others with fish : 3d. That an acre
of grass with 25 bushels of it spread broad-cast,
proved superior to any other manured with any
other substance he had ever used, and was matur-
ed three weeks earlier than any other around it :
4tb. 25 bushels of it sowed broad-cast on an acre

Rose Leaf Spice.— The following method of
preserving rose leaves for use as a spice, was told
us the other day hy a friend who is a good house-
wife, and withal a very intelligent and worthy
woman. She gathers the leaves when they are
fresh and in their prime, and presses them into a
jar — first a layer of leaves and then a layer of
sugar, thus alternating the leaves and sugar until
the jar is full, when a leather is tied over it tiehtly.
They will keep thus for a long time. But the

cheapest and best way is the following Press

your leaves snugly in a decanter or bottle, and
when very nearly full, pour in a little spirit, suf-
ficient to use up and keep the air from the leaves -
then stop the bottle tight. In this state, the leaves'
may be kept good for any length of time, and
when wanted some of them may be taken out for
giving a flavor and perfume to sauces, puddings,
or anything else. Here now, good farmer's wives'
is an inducement for you to cultivate the rose
even if you have no particular desire to culiivate
flowers, for there is a simple and practical use to
be made of them in a domestic line. It will no
doubt make yourself and family more indepen-
dent, to raise your own spice on your own land
and at your own doors, than be trotting off every
month or two to the merxhanVs to swap away your
butter and eggs, for alsi)ice and nutmegs. And
besides, the ornament of the hush, will raise the
value of your premises some few per cent in the
eyes of every person of taste. — Me. Farmer.

In addition to the above preparation as a spice
we have often found it a grateful preserve as a
medicine in diseases of the lungs. We cheerful-
ly join with our old friend of the Maine Farmer,
in recommendation of the rose — economy and
benevolence both demand it. — Ed. Mec. fy Far.

A company has been formed in this town for
the purpose of manufacturing silk ; a farm has
been jiurchased, and a considerable number of
mulberry trees have been already planted. It has
been proved that the soil of this State is well
adapted to the cultiv.ition of the mulberry, and we
have no doubt that our farmers would very much
enhance the value of their farms by planting the
trees. Silk may be manufactured from the
trees when they are four years old, and there is
scarcely any farm that would not admit of planting
a great number of them without injury to other
crops. — Concord, JV. H. Patriot.

414

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JTJI.T 8, 183S.

SrSW Sg5.?^lS.^S?a> 5^i£i.5aSffiii£SBa

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 8, 1835.

CLOSE OP THE THIRTEENTH VOLUME OF
THE MEW EHTGIiAND KARMEH.

The present number, tPrniinating tlie tliirtuentli vol-
ume of this joifrnal, has brought us to another of those
stages in tlie circuit of our labors, from which it has
been our custom to address a few words to those who
with head, heart, or Land are engaged in the pursuits of
the Cullivalor. We are highly gratified in perceiving
that the interest which attaches to the primitive anu
most important of the arts is every year perceptibly in-
creasing in zeal, knowledge and perseverance. If we
still continue thus to press forwards we cannot fail in
the common course of events to become not only pros-
perous as individuals, but powerful, respectable and re-
spected as a nation. Improvements in Agriculture are
pioneers, heralds and companions of all other improve-
ments. The accurate science and correct practice of
tillaore alone can precede and introduce the charms, the
decorum, the dignity as well as t/ie substantial and in-
dispensable requisites of civilization. If Ceres did not
sustain the Graces as well as support Minerva and her
retinue they would disappear as the tints of the setting
sun fade in the sky when evening advances.

Although publications devoted to Agriculture and
Horticulture, and some of them ably conducted, are
springing up in various parts of the United States,
such is the increased demand lor the kind of inform-
ation of which they are vehicles that these journals ap-
parently interfere but very little with the New Eng-
land Farmer, and do not perceptibly, lessen the num-
ber of our subscribers. We shall, therefore, continue
our course with cheerful diligence ; and consider the
proprietors and conductors of all journals, devoted
wholly or in part to rural economy, not as rivals, but as
follow laborers. In fact, we are all working men, em-
ployed by the people, to give our advice and assistance
in cultivating their great home-stead-farm, called the
States and Territories, of United America. We doubt
not but our employers by generous pecuniary and intel-
lectual contributions will so strengthen our hands, en-
courage our hearts and enlighten our understanding*
that we tliall be induced cheerfully and efficiently to
dedica'e ourselves to the important duties devolving on
the conductors of journals devoted to that art which
alone can phice the foundations, and rear, and
sustain the superstructure of civilized society.

dj" The Index to the present volume of the New
Eni'Iand Farmer will be printed and forwarded to sub-
scribers as soon as possible.

bushes down close, and in November cart and spread it
on your mowing grounds, taking care to put light soil
on to heavy, and heavy soil on to light lands. You may
make good manure in this \\'ay for less than a shilling a
load.

Hotc to keep cattle out of the Highway. — Cattle are
much inclined to run in the highway either when that
affords the best feed, or when they have no other pasture
By the process above recommended you will compel
these vagrants to walk in different paths, and if your
fences be good the inclosures of their owners will be
the moie likely to afford them an asylum.

This simple process then accomplishes three objects.
It kills your bushes and briers, makes you a good ma-
nure, and drives stray beasts from the road. One more
advantage shall be named, besides what you gain in the
addition of beauty to your highways and fields. Your
rows of winter apple trees will grow and bear better by
the roadside by ploughing in this manner than they
will when you leave the soil and bushes undisturbed.
Young trees, particularly, cannot contend with suc-
cess, against the roots of grass and bunches. Breaking
up the soil, even if a part of it be carried away, is bene-
ficial to them.

None but winter fruit should grow by the road side,
and the Baldwin is here to be preferred to the Greening,
as it grows more erect and will not rudely salute the
civil traveller.

By picking these winter apples in season you will
save nearly the whole fruit to yourself, but suppose you
lose one half, and it gets into the pocket of the traveller,
you can well afford it ; for only half the shade of the
tree falls on i/oar land. And trees growing by a wall
are usually much more productive than those standing
in midfield.

Apple trees are not so ornamental by the roadside as
some other trees, but they are more useful, and they do
less injury to the grass beneath and around them than
any trees excepting the locust.
Few people are willing to devote time or land for mere-
ly ornamental trees, and we cannot expect that our
roads will ever be shaded by them. I ask you therefore
to consult your own interest, — set out winter fruit trees
that will grow erect, on the south side of the road in
your field, near the wall, and I promise you as much
profit from these as from any of your fruit trees.

Yours, W. B.

Nouvelle Provence, Cramoisi Royal, Centifolia auctea-
ta, Brilli.mt Cnnego, Swiss, La Dominante, Casimir
Perier, Ranunculus, Cjrtier, Noisette Lee, Pencil
Mignonne, Grand Mogul, Gen. Kutusoff, lllustre
beaute, Grand Triumphant, Reine des pimpernelle,
Blandford's Provence, Blanda plena, Pimpernelle Estelle,
Welsh Provence, Nonpareil Agate, Kingston Portugal
Henry 4th, Aimablo Beaute, Boquet parfait, Alba
Elisa, Beaute Supremanle, Duchess de Dino, Joyeuse,
Noisette Parmi, Horace, Grand eels, Duroc, Ombre
agreeable. Prince de Galle, Carmine, Grande Porapa"
dour. Grand Mervielleuse, Boquet Otto, Ltopold da
Saxe, Comte Camaldoli, Boule de Niege, Nmon de
I'enclos, Mia!ilis, Negroland, Temple de Appolon,
Ponialowsky, Carmine Brilliant, Countess de Genlis,
Josephine, Unique Panache, Diadem des Flores, Celes-
tial, Imperial, Barbanegre, Grand Duke Tuscany,, Pa-
risienne. Rose Catet, Hybrid de Luxemberg, Infernal,
Bizar Triumphant, Noisette Puteaux, Virginie, Burn-
ing Coal, Boxelane, Hybride de Bengal, Clemence
Isaure, General Thiars, Grand Duchess Stephania,
Garnet Stripe, Centifolia minor, Anthiopie, Belle Ro-
sine. Belle Mignonne, Grandesse Royal, Admirable
horde rouge double. Admirable horde rouge single,
Royal purple, Zerbine, White Monthly.

Moss Roses — Muscosa flore albo pleno, do. blanche
nouvelle, do. flora roseo pleno, do. flore roseo sim-
plici, do. prolifere, do. variegata pleno panache, do.
de la Fleche, do. coccinea, do. feuilles de sa^e.

3 fine and perfect specimens of Dahlias — Dennisi
Minor, Fielder's mutabilis, Roke's drop scarlet.

For the Committee, Jona. Winbhip.

Framingham, June 24, 1835.
To the Editor of the New Enpljiml Farmer.

Dear Sib — If you think the following hints season-
able you are at liberty to publish them.

TO T'OtllVG PARMERS.

Holo to kill bushes and briers by the roadside. — After
weeding your corn you will often find a good supply of
grass, bushes and briers full of sap growing beside your
fences. To kill these let three oi four furrows be
ploughed near the fence — let your boy with a shovel
bend down flat to the ground the bushes and the briers,
while you, with one of Partridge's four-tined forks,
throw on sods enough to bury them completely. This
is as easy as to cut them, and is a much surer mode of
curing the evil.

How to make manure. — Harrow this ridge of dirt
once or twice during summer, keeping the sods and

MASSACHUSETTS IIORTICULTURAI- SOCIETY.

FLOWERS EXHIBITED.

Saturday, July 8, le35.

This day afforded the Amateur an opportunity of in-
specting an elegant display of Roses fVom Col. M. P.
'Wnider's place in Dorchester.

The collection was beautiful, the specimens fine, and
evidently taken from plants under the most successful,
and judicious cultivation. Col. Wilder has evinced his
good taste and judgment by his liberality in importing
from foreign countries, whatever might be useful to the
Horticultural or Floiicullural admirers.

Grande IMonarcJie, General Berlrand, La Importante,
Provins eclatantc, Waratah, Royal Blanc, Grand
Papa, Prince de Salm, Roi de France, Rose Courtin
Baumann, Grand Renoncule, Triomph de Breslau, Gen
Druot, Bobelini, Calypso, Emma, Caulincourt, Ma-
blay, Capo de Istria, Mddle. de Tressan, Enfant, La juine
Henry, Rose de Brown, Noisette Camellia, Celestin', Roi
do Roses, Noisette Dufrenoy, Mordant, Princess Amelia,
York and Lancaster, Double Provence, Missouri, Lu_
cida plena, Flavia double, Hortulanus, Agathe Buert,
Cramoisi feu de grand, Aimable Violet, Royal Virgin,

Grass — Farmers have feared that, in consequence
of the small quantity of rain which has fallen in the
month of June, grass would be very light indeed. We
learn that in the upper part of the county, rain has
fallen plentifully for trhe last two days, and grass has
wonderfully thickened up at the bottom. There will
be nearly an average crop of English hay, and as for
meadows they never looked better. The brown worm
that cuts off plants just below the surface of the ground
has made sad havoc in the gardens this season ; in many
instances lopping whole beds of onions, beets, &c. cu-
cumbers, squashes, and cabbages, in a single day. Who
can tell of anyt'.ing that will prevent the ravagesof this
worm? Corn looks finely. — Yeoman's (Concord) Gaz.

The Weather. — What a climate we live in ! Snow
the first day of July ! ! and this third day, hot enough
to roa^teggs by sun. We aie assured, though we did
not ourselves notice it, that snow was observed to fall
by several persons in this town on the 1st inst. We can
attest that it was cold enough during the whole day, and
a fire that would do credit to a day in January was
quite comfortable. The mercury stood at 50 at noon.
Thanks to the clouds and winds we have escaped frosts
and to-day summer seems to be upon us ; perhaps win-
ter will come again to-morrow, but as it will be the
glorious/ou,r/A, we hope, not onlv the weather but the
people also, will be temperate. -J^ctcport {If. H.) Spec.

New Jersey has been ppcaliarly unfortunate in her
agrieultural prospects. Besides losing, by the severe
winter her celsbrated orchards of the most delicious
varieties of peach and cling, her corn and potato fields
in several parts of the state, are now attacked with
the grub worm in a countless number, proving extreme-
ly destructive.

VOL,. XIII. NO. 61.

AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL,

415

FANEUIL HALL VEGETABLE MARKET,

WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1835.

Early Peas $1,25 per bu.. Marrowfats or Sugar Peas
1,50 a bu.. Early Potatoes 50 cts. a peck. Carrots 6 cts.
a bunch, Beets V2i cts a bunch. Early string Beans 75
cts. a peck. Early Scollop Squashes, the fir.- 1 in the Mar-
ket and are for sale at S. Rand's, State street, No. 84,
75 cts. a dozen. Cucumbers G to 8 cts. apiece. Cabbages
50 to 75 cts. a dozen, Turnips 8 cts a bunch. Onions G
cts. a bunch, Lettuce 3 cts. a bunch, Radishes 3 cts. a
bunch, Rliubarb 6 cts. a pound.

Fruit. — Strawberries 25 cts. a box, Currants 8 cts. a
quart, Cherries 10 to 125 cts. a quart, Blueberries 25
cts, a quart, Gooseberries I2Jcts. a quart.

BRIGHTON MARKET,-MoNDAy, July G, 1635.

Ucported fur the Daily Advertiser & Patriot.
At Market, 660 Beef Cattle, 14 pairs Working Oxen,

74 Cows and Calves, 27GU Sheep and Lambs, and 450
bwine. About 40 Beef Cattle and 300 Sheep have been
beiore reported. 225 Beef Cattle, several hundred Sheep
and about 30 Cows and Calves remain unsold.
Prices. — Beef Cattle

HORSE RAKE.

Jast received at ihe Ag^ricullural Warehouse, a few first
rale Reeolviiig Horse Rakes.
July 8.

FAR9IER ■WANTED.

A smart, capable man to take charge of a small farm in the
vicinity of Boston, is wanted immediately. Apply to

July 8. 2t GEO. C. BARRETT.

WANTEO

A man and wife (Americans) to take the charge of a Farm
of about 500 acres in the State of New York, Near Green
Bush. Tlie man must be thoroughly acquainted wiili the va-
rious branches of business incident to such an establishment,
and among other qualifications, that of the roaring and man-
fcgemenl of Stock is requisite; The wife will he required to
manage an extensive dairy. To such a family, that can pro-
duce the needful recoiimendations for capacitv. industrv,
neatness and sobriety, liberal encourag menl will be given.
None others need apply. ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr.

June 25, 1S35. 6t 4 Court Street.

GARDENER WAKTED.

Wanted an experienced capable Gardener. He must pro-
duce written testimonials from former employers of his capac-
ity to manage a Hot and Green House establishment, and every
other branch of Gardening, and also o( his sobriety and indus-
try. Liberal wages will be paid. Horticulturists in N. York
and Philadelphia, are respectfully requested to recommend
any such Gardener, who may be seeking employment, to the
subscriber. JOHN LOWELL.

BroonUiy Vale, Roxbury, near Boston, June 23, 1835.

The quality of the Cattle at
market .generally, was quite inferior ; we scarce ever
observed them more so. Sales were very unequal for a
like quality. We noticed a few taken at about 3!)s.
We quote prime at 34 6 a 37 6; good at 30 a 33 ; thin
and ordinary at 24s a 2Ss 6d

Worldng Oxen— A few buyers only. Sales dull.
•Cows and Calves — dull, and prices considerably re-
duced. We noticed a large number of sales at from IG
to $22, and none higher than .$33.

Sheep and Lambs — Former prices were not supported.
Lots including J-5tli old, some of which were very
small and ordinary, were taken at 8s, 9s, and Os !)d;
middling quati'y 10s, lis, 12s 6d, and]3s6d; better
qualities, some of which were l-3d Wethers, 14s, 15s
and IGs Gd. > i i

Swine— One lot of about 100, nearly all pigs, were
taken at about 6^c; one lot old harrows at C^ at retail.
Small pigs are not weighed. Old pigs, 6 for sows and
7 for barrows.

We have been requested to state that there will be at
the Brighton Market, from New York, 100 first rate
Beef Cattle, on each of the two successive weeks.

IMMCES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE.

CORRECTED WITH GREAT CARE, WEEKLY.

COWS ! COWS I cows !

M Skurtteff's Farm in Chelsea, a little East of the Ferry.

For sale, 20 Cows, 4 Calves, and a few Heifers. The cows
are first rate milkers, Short-Horns, Fill-Pails and Gallowavs
and many of them sired by the imported Bulls, Coelebs, Boli-^
var and Fill-Pail.

About one hundred Ewes and Lambs of Saxony, Merino
and Dishlcy blood. Grass standing on 'fifty acres of salt
marsh, equal to any in (he Commonwealtli, Also 18 acres of
first rae winter Rye and 9 acres of Barley, all in lots to suit
purchasers.

Sale ol the grass and grain at 1 o'clock, and of the cattle
auJ sheep at 4 o'clock, p. m. July 2.

Pedigrees and age at the lime of sale. juue 25

HEIE'ERS FOR SALE.

For sale in Roxbury, a pair of Twin Heifers, 3 years old
next August. They look precisely alike, and are of a fine size.
Inquire of Col. Wyman, or Mr Fisher, at his Hotel in Koxbury.

The mother of the above mentioned Heifers was a twin and
during twelve years from Alay 15, 1322, to May, 1833,' had
and raised seventeen calves.

ju«e 10. CATHARINE BLANEY, Roxbury.

THRESHIIVG MACHIJJE.

The subscriber respectfully ofi'ers to the public a new
THRESHl^G Machine which he has recently invented, and
which for utility, cheapness ann simplicity he can recommend
lo Iheir use.

The machine, put in operation bv a horse and tended by two
men, is capable of ihreshing grain of all kinds, whether reaped
or mowed, and at the same time separates it from the straw
doing the work of twelve men by the ordinary process per
day, without any w^ste of the grain

The apparatus by which the machine is put in motion is con-
nected wilh It, and h is altogether as portable as a horse
wagon.

Its simplicity is such tliat it can be bu!
farmers at a small expeuje.

The superiority of the iqachine over any other of the kind
now in use, consists inainlj i„ the perfect manner in which it
separates the grain from tht head of the sheaf— every "rain
being efi'ectually separated— ^hich in itself is equal to 6 per
cent of the whole quantity threshed. The head passes
through unbroken, but the grain is eflectuallv cleared. As to
lis capability of execution, it will .J,resh out"as much grain as
the most active man cRn handle, and then the cradle into which
It passes is frequently not more than half filled.

The subscriber has secured Letters Patent for the above in-
vention. T he machine will soon be ready for exhibition in
tots city, due notice of which will be given, aud rights for
Stales, counties and towns then be disposed of

June 24. WILLIAM LAIGHTON.

FtOWER POTS.

The subscriber has for sale at his pottery in Danvers a new
style of Flower Pots. Samples of the Pots may be seen at
the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51, North .Market street

j"ne 10. 3t. MILES OSBORN.

t or repaired by most

VALUABLE WrORK ON AGRICULTURE.

ThiBDay published by Gfo. C. Barkftt. THE CO.VI-
PLETE FARMER AND RURAL ECONO.MIST. By T.

G. Fessenden. Second edition, revised and improved by the
Author, wilh considerabl ^ additions.

The first ed'tion «as published last season, and the sale was
rapid beyond precedent for a work of this kind. The present
improved and stereotyped impression has still higher recom-
mendauons to public patronage, and cannol fail lo prove still
more useful lo the community of cultivators.

This work has met with decided and universal approbation
from the most competent judges. Among the written and
printed recommendatory notices are those of the Hon. John
Lowell and Rev. Henry Colman. The Editors of the
New York Farmer, the New England Magazine, the .Maine
Farmer, Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, i^c. have given favor-
able critiques of the Complete Farmer. We shall subjoin Mr
Lowell's notice, and propose in some future number to publish
those of the other gentlemen who have honored the work with
their approbation.

,, . "Roxbnry, April 6, 1835.

" Having perused with attention Ihe Complete Farmer and
Rural Economist, by Thomas G. Fessenden. Esq. in its firsl
edition, and having recently revised it at his request, prepara-
tory lo a second edition, I am of opinion that it is a valuable
compendium and useful work. Those who know that the sci-
e .ce of Agriculture is so extensive as lo fill twelve quarto vol-
umes in the celebrated French work of the Abbe Rozier, and a
space not less in English works, will not expect in such an a-
bridgemenl full details in any one branch of that extensive and
varied art. But 1 know of no abridged work in the French or
English languages which conveys more inslructioo in so small
a compass than this work of Mr Fessenden.

•nS John Lowell."

ApfLES,

Beaks, while, ....
Beef, mess, (new)
Cargo, No. 1.

prime, ....
Beeswax, (Americ.in) .
HuTTER inspected. No. 1, .
Cheese, new milk, .
Feathers, northern, geese,
southern, geese.
Flax, American,
Flaxsleo, . ,

Flour, Genesee, . . cash
Baltimore, Howard street,
Baltimore, wharf,
Alexandria,
Grain, Corn, northern yellow .
southern yellow
white.
Rye, northern, none.

Barley, . . ,

Oats, nor hern, . (prime)
Hay, best English, . . .
eastern screwed, .
hard pressed, .
Honey, , .
Hops, 1st quality

2d quality ....
Lard, Boston, 1st sort, .
southern, Isl sort.
Leather, slaughter, sole,
do. upper,
dry hide, sole,

do. upper, .
Philadelphia, sole. .
Baltimore, sole, . .
Lime, best sort.

Pork, Mass. inspect, extra clear, .
Navy, mess, ,
bone, middlings.
Seeds, Herd's Grass,
Red Top,

Red Clover, northern,
White Dutch Honeysuckle,
Silk Cocoons, (American)
Tallow', tried, ....
Wool, prime, or .Saxony Fleeces, .
American, full bluod, washed,
do. 3-4llis do.

do. 1-2 do.

do. 1-4 and common
Native washed,
c C Pulled superfine,
5t3 j 1st Lambs, .
•S:SJ2d do. . .

= g. 3d do, , .
[1st Spinning, .
Southern pulled wool is generally 5 cts
less per lb.

barrel
bushel
barrel

pound

bushel
barrel

bushel

gallon
pound

cask
barrel

bushel

pound

bushel

cwt.

jiound

I Kll&l

3 50

1 62

13 00

II 50
1)00

20

IC

8

40

35

9

I 33

7 00

7 00

(i87

0 75
104

1 00
93

G8

19 50

15 00

IfiOO

. 37

13

11

9
19
12
19
18
27
25
95
20 50
16 00

225
75
8
25
2 00
7 50
65
.55
50
37 I
40
38
GO
45
3.i
25
35

5 00

200

13 50

IS 00

9 50

24

20

'J

45

39

\0

1 37

7 12

7 12

700

6f7

106

100

70

21 00

16 00

18 00

42

14

12
10

20
14
21
20
29
27

1 00
2100
16 SO

2 37
87

9
03
300
8 00
75
65
55
42
45
60
65
50
38
30
40

P R O V I

Hams, northern,
soulhern.
Pork, vihole hogs.
Poultry, .
Butter, (tub) ,

Itiiiip
Eggs,
Potatoes,
Cider,

SIGN MA
retail prices.

R K E T.

pound

12

«

6

it

10

It

14

"

16

dozen

15

bushel

50

barrel

3 50

13

7
14
16
18
16
55
4 CO

PEAR STOCKS, <tc.

MORUS MULTICAULIS.

Trees of the above new variety of the Mulberry for sale by
the subscriber at ,Jf40 per hundred, S5 per dozen, and 50 cts
each, being aboul six feet high. Orders solicited.

Feb. 18. GEO. C. BARRETT.

A quantity of good sized Pear Stocks; Apple Stocks
White and 'ink Flowering Horse Chesnuts, and Honey Lo

cusls, fiir sale on very reasonable terms. Apply to

April 29.

GEO. C. BARRETT.

PLEASANT AND VALUABLE RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.

SiTiTATFn in Dorchester on the Brushhill turnpike, two miles
from Koxl.ury street, containing 16 acres of excellent land
with a mansion house, farm house, two barns and outhouses
thereon having a garden of one acre containing valuable fruits
&.C. I he situation is unrivalled, commanding a mosl exten-
sive prospect of the harbor and of the country back.

The houses are in complete repair and the whole farm under
a good state of cultivation, with a good orchard of excellent
Iruit. lor terms and particulars inquire of Messrs I OT
WHEELRIGHT ^. SON, 46 Ceni?al Wharf*, GEORGE
C. BARRETT at this office, or JOSIAH WILSON on tbf
premises.

416

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JT;I.Y 8, 1835,

5ea5is©iEa.Si:^'ww,

THE LAND OF REST.
Wh«^re is tile land of rest > tlie blest abode
or spirits rescued from the heavy loud
Of mortal life? where every form of sin,
The ills that rage without and lurk within,
Are known no more ? a land of joy and peace,
Where eveiy sound hut that of praise doth cease?
The fainting spirit feels its strength renew'd
When with the eye of faith that land is view'd.
Let but one ray of uncreated light.
From that celestial world which knows no night,
Fall on the soul,— doubts vanish, darkness flics,
We all but breathe the air of Paradise !

The dove that fluttering o'er the watery waste
Could find no place on which its foot might rest.
When 'midst the liquid desolation round
Not one green spot the little wanderer found, —
Even in that watery desert drear and dark.
Had still a refuge left her In the ark
And there's an Ark that rides the sea of life,
Safe 'mid the raging billow's angry strife-
Safe, though the wreck of many a gallant ship
Floats on the bosom of the treacherous deep
Christ is thk Ark ! in Him by faith is given
True rest on earth, and perfect rest iti heaven.

THE HORRORS OF WAJl.

Soldiers plundering,
Cannon thundering,
Dying groaning,
Wounded moaning,
Buildings crashing,
Armor clashing.
Wagons rattling.
Horsemen battling',
HelmflB ringing the blows
Which tlio ponderous sword bestows;
Prisoners, on their knees, entreating ;
Trumpets sounding, drums loud beating
Victors shouting, slaying, swenring.
Eagles wrestling, standards tearing ;
Showers of shot, granadoes, shells;
Pismal shrieks, terrific yells,
Falling roofs,
Noise of hoofs —
Combat, din,
Without, within.
All was mingled horror, fear.
Madness, suffering, rage, despair.

The mother was anxious, from having heard its
efficacy in other cases, to make an apjilication of
tobacco; the physician, however, advised to the
contrary, and left her tp visit a sick neiglibor ;
while prescribing in the latter case, he was called
back in haste to the child, which he found sense-
less and motionless upon the floor. The mother
informed him that, ?till persuaded that tobacco
would be beneficial, she had, after he had retired,
taken some from the bowl of a pipe and rubbed
it upon the cliild's face — tliat the chihl set out to
walk across the room immediately after the appli-
cation, but had not proceeded half way before it
fell in the cdndition in which he found it. The
physicians remained an hour and a lialf, resorting
to various means to resuscitate the child — the
pulse occasionally came and died away again, and
finally animation was restored ; but for years
afterwards the child was subject to alarming nerv-
ous symptoms, and is now puny and feeble.
The constitution of the child previous to this ex-
periment was good, but the shock upon the nerv-
ous system was so severe that it never has recov-
ered, and in all probability never will.

SEIiP CONTROl.

Washington seldom showed that he wa? much
elated or excited. He had very strong feelings
but generally suppressed thetn. When on his
way to take command of the American army at
Cambridge, the last of June, 1775, he met the
newsof Ruuker Hill battle; and he was so re-
joiced to learn, that the Militia woidd fight brave-
ly for th(j country, he took off his hat and gave
three cheers; and said, "there is hope,— my
countrymen are brave."

In 1777, the third year of the war, he was very
anxious to have the States raise troops for during
the war, or at least for three years, rather than for
one. A Committee of the General Court of Mas-
sachusetts waited on him to inform him, that they
had voted to raise the men he wanted, but only
for one year. He jumped from his chair, and said
" good God, gentlemen, the country will be ruined
by such measures !" He then took his seat, and
was perfectly calm. But the men were raised for
during the war, or for three years.

DRY GOODS AT REDUCED PRICES.

The subscriber inleuding leaving (his pari of llie oounlty for
the Soulh about the Isl of August next, offers for sale Iha
whole of his extensive slock cf Foreign and Domestic Goods,
and lease of the store No. 414 Washington si —and the sioik
will be sold at very reduced prices at relail unlil closed, among
which are the following varieties, vi7 :—

Broadcloths, Cassinieres, Alhcniaii Cassimere, Rouen Cas-
simere, Athenian Camlets, SfC.

4 bales of superior Welch, English and American Flannels.
.Some of them are very superior, and are warraulid nol lo
shrink in wash ng.

2 bales of Angola Flannel, an excellent article for summer
wear.

I bale Domel Flannel, 4 do col'd American do.
4docol'd Uoniels,

3 cases of superior English Cambric Dimolies,
1 do. do Furniture Dimoty,

1 do col'd Poult de Sole Silk, alSsperjd, of an excellent

quality,

Cases Irish Linens of superior quality,
do English and American Prints,
do and bales of brown and bleached Shirtings,
do of while Cambric and Cambric Muslins,
do of Bishop Lawns, from 20 cents lo 5s 3d per yard,

IGOO ps Nai km and Caiilon Straw Carpeling,

Cases of Taylor's Persian Spool CoUon, ai 3s per dozen, or
5 cents per spool, wai ranted of very superior quality.

Cases of Spool Colton at 6d per dozen,

1 case of open work colion Hose at Is per pair,

cases of 4-4 and 6-4 Bobbinel Laces, Ini 9d to 5s 3d per yd.
case Grecian do. superioi quality, at 2s per yard,
1 bale Russia Damask, 6-4 and 8-4— a very durable article
for Table Cloths,

2 cases India and Engli.sh Silk Hdkfs.

2 do col'd Tablecloths, assorted sizes,
1 do col'd bordered cotlou hdkfs. ; imitation L. C. at 9a

each. .

I case Linen hdkfs. 4 do American Sewing Cotton,
5 bales Russia Crash,

3 cases Linen and Cotton Tapes, 1 do. English Pins,
7 hales of Tickings, assorted qualiiics — and a great variety

of other goods, which will be sold in pro; onion.

ELIAB STONE BREWER,
June 3. 414 Washington street

TOBACCO.

Professor Miissey of Dartmouth College, lately
delivered a lecture on Temperance, in Salem,
of which the Landmark furnishes a copious
sketch. His remarks on Tobacco are thus re-

Tobacco is a violent poison. Thres large drops
of the distilled oil tipon the tongue of a full
grown cat, have frequent'y been found sufficient
fo occasion the most frightful convulsions, and
jleath in from three to ten minutes. Twenty to
thirty grains imbibed into the human stomach,
will produce dreadful vomitings, indistinct pulse,
loss pf voice, and death. The external applica-
tion of the tea of tobacco wi.l produce the same
.effects. A medical gentleman in New Hampshire,
a few years ago, was consulted by the mother of
a girl about four years of age, who was afflicted
with a severe erruption, or humor, upon the face.

Progress of Knowledge. — Polydore Virgil,
who wrote in time of Henry VIH. of England,
1530, was so alarmed at the growing propensity to
encourage navigation, from the dangers which he
thought'must attend it, and the folly of attempts
to render it very useful, that he compared the
rashness of men in exposing themselves tp the
ocean, to the attempt of Dtedalus, who undertook
to fly ; and he said, " men now inhabit the sea,
and build shi| s as large as houses, and fight bat-
tles on the ocean as on dry land." He was a
learned scholar: but for useftil improvements, the
world must look to more enterprising and resolute
men. — Mechanic's Mag.

HOLI.IS' CEI.EBRATED HORSE HIVI.MENT,

For Sprains, Bruises, IVind- Galls, Old Strains, Stiff
joints, Swelled or Cracked Heels, and for Horses llmt are

straivrd iji the back sinews, wrvng in the u>illiert,SfC. ; also

for Glandular s^oellings of the throat.

The ingredients which compose this prrpar lion have been
carefully selected after many yeais' experience, aii'd are soma
oflhe most successful remedies united, coireclly proporliimed
and happily adapted to afford relief in all ihc atiove meniioned
complaints; the proprietor feels assured that when once this
article is used, it will be preferred lo any oilier, as it is decid-
edly ihe best and certainly the most conveiiieni arlirle m use.

N. B. Persons afflicted with Kiicumatism, Sprains, Cramp,
Numbness, Stiffness, or Weakness in the Joints, will find this
Liniment a valuable and efficacious remedy.

Prepared and sold by THOMAS HOI. I. IS, Druggist and
Chemisl, No. 30, Union Slreel, I'.oslon, Mass. , . , .

(C The Public are requested to observe that each label is
signed. -

Price for large Botlles one dollar, small do. 75 cents. oZ»

WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER,

A single man, who is well acquainted with his business inal'
its branches, and who can procure good recommendations from
his last employers. Enquire at G, C. Barren's Agricwlural
Warehouse, Boston. '""•

Dry Rot.— An cfl'ectual preventitive is said to
have been lately discovered in England, of the
dry rot. Experiments have been made, and in
the opinion of both scientific and practical men of
those concerned in ship-building and navigation,
the proposed preventive is effectual and com
plete.

THE NEW EN«I.ANp FARMER

Is published every Wednesday Evening, at gJ per annuin,
payalile al the end oflhe year — but those who pay within
sixty days from the lime ol subscribing, are ciiliiled to a de-
duction of fifty cents.

O'No paper will be sent to a distance wilhoul payment
being made ill advance.

AGENTS.
New York—Cj C. Thorburn, 67 l.ibcrly-streeL
Albamj—Wn^ Thorburn, 347 .Market-i'eet.
Philadelphia— D. S,- C. I.anubkth, 85 Jhesnul-slrect.
Baltimore—}. I. Hitchcock, l'uhlisli<r ol American Farmer
Cincinnati— S. C. PAm<HUKST,23 lower Markel-slreet.
Flushing, N F.— Wm. Princk <)(• Sons, Prop. Lm. Bot.Gar.
West Bradford.— Wklk &. Co. to'ks.llers.
Mfddlehunj, If.— Wight Chapban, Merchant.
War//orrf— OooiiwiN Sf Co. Ptviksrllers.
Newhinrport-V.xY.KV.-i.v.K St/I)M*:i, Bookseller.
Portsmouth, N. H.— John W. Fostek, Bookseller,
Woodstock. Vt—J.A. Pratt.
Bangor, Me— Wf'.M.Ktm.Oiaggifi.
Hali/ojc, N. S.— P. J. HoLLANU, Esq. Editor of Kecorder.
Si. l.ouis—G f.u. Hol.TON

PRINTED BY TIITTL,E AND WKKKS,

Mo. 8, School SUeet.

■U^i DFG 7959