DDDaDDDDDDDaDDDDDDnnaadnDDDnnDaD UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY IDDDDDDDDDDnDDDDPPDDnnaDDDnDDnnn h\h ^ u THE NS:W ENGL.AND FARMER, AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, CONTAINING \M%, iimsoKi/aL MM tmmim. RELATING TO AGRICULTURE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY, WITH THE PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE. BY JOSEPH BRECK. VOL. XXII.— NEW SERIES VOL. XII. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK AND COMPANY, 51 AND 52 NORTH MARKET STREET. 1844. ^u M %AZ/ '^' INDEX TO THE TWENTYSECOND VOLUME OF THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A. Abstinence from food, 8 Abortion in cows, 43 Accounts to be settled, 22*2 Acids in soils, S, 4 Adams', John d., opinion of the Farmer's profession, 177 Address, ofhis Ex. H. W. Seward, 10 ; Hon. Mr. Sal- tonstall, 210 ; Hon. C. Hudson, 202. African Guano, by S. L. Dana, 309 — i. E. T., on, .336 — Andlysis of, bv Dr. Ure, 371 Agriculture, Chinese. 179; Colman's European, notic- ed, 374 ; English tacts in the history of, 21H. Agricultural, Aphorisms, 161 ; Mission to England, 1 ; Implements discussed at S. House, 274; Society, N. Jersey noticed, ltJ9 ; Resolutions of Northampton So- ciety, 169 ; Rhode Island Society, 122; Consti- tution of Mass. Society, 185 ; Premium list of 345 ; History of early efforts of Mass. Society, 190 ; Report on farms 299, root crops, 306; Middlesex Co. report, 194 ; Middlesex Society premium list, 323 ; Meeting, atlhe State House, 227, 238, 244, 246, 250, 253, 262, 254, 206, 274, 282, 286, 289, 290, 294, 303, 306— Plymouth Soc, premium list, 236 — account of Cattle Show, 117, 125— reports of, 130, 349, 356, 363— Chemistry, 345 ; Society, Essex County Cattle Show, 114, 117 Air light stoves, 147 Allen, Rev. Morrell, on Root Crop, 267 ; Report as su- pervisor of Plymouth Agricultural Society, 349, 356, 363 ; On close planting corn, 396 Alternation of crops, 189 American, produce in English market, 172; Institute of N. York Circular, 44 Ammonia, Sulphate of, 179,362 — as Manure, 213 — mu- riate of, soaking seed in, 27S — important suggestion, 339 Animal Food, 67 — liability of different animals to die,67 Anli-SUim Milk, communication from, 269, 333 ,\pp!es, how to keep them, 138 — for sheep, 147 — orch- ard, H. Foster, 194 Asparagus remedy for gout and rheumatism, 377 .Ashes as a manure, 345,393,265,246 — unleached do. — uood, peat and coal, 85 Ayreshire Cattle, 342 B. Baboons, curious account of, 200 Barberry, effects on grain crops, 11 Barbour J. R., on Silk Culture and Manufacture, 322 Bartlelt Levi, aid of science in agriculture, 260 ; lime, as a manure, 260 ; on root crops and potatoes, 284 ; on Sulphurated Hydri'gen, 316 ; on sudden appearance of clover, 380 Barn yards, method of making, 204 ; careof, 230 ; cellars, utility of, 414 Barley, analysis of, 3 Bathing when hot, warning, 34 Bean, cultivation of the field, 373 Ucans lor sheep, 397 Beard, use of, 184 Bees, curious fact respecting, 9:i — liabiU's of, TS7 \ Bee .Moth, 409 VBeet Ts Manz^l Wurtzcl, 365 Belladona, property's of, II Birds, and their usefulness, 395 Blight in pear trees, 329 ; Beetle, T. VV. Harris' ac- count of, 21 Black leg in Calves, 243 Bli>ody Milk, 82 Book Farmers, 147 Bohton Harbor fmzen, 2.54 Bots ill horses, cows and sheep, 254 Borrowing, evil of, 21)4 — remarks upon, 209 BorTs not killed. 113 Bommer's patent manure. 121 Bone mills fur grinding. 299 Bleeders' C(>iiv«ntion, 76 Broom corn account o! quantity raiseil, 121 Breal, ripe, 387 Briihlon Cattle .M^.rket, 213 Breeds of our own cattle, 186; Q C. Rich, inquiries, 206 Bug, Ame-'cm, 3:;8— to protect vines liom, 371 Business in England, slate of, 9 — improved stale of, 33— for January, 222, 230 Burnett, Joel Dr., on Curculio, 49 Bushes thorough cultivation, 5S Butter, exiraordinary cow fur, 155 — making 218, 389, 149, 413 — how to preserve, 384 — novel mode of working, 384 — salting and preserving, 26 — experi- menls and observations on, 81 Budding, mode of, 2 Buttonwood, cause of decay, 11 — diseases of, in 1840, 17 — A. M. Holt s communication on, 101 Bulls, ringintr young ones, 180 — mode of subduing by Jaques, 251 e. Cabbage heads from stumps, 256 — soap suds for, 76— on Long Island, 164 — plants destroyed by calterpiilars, 355 Cactus triangularis, description of, 139 Calves, on rearing, by Economy, 353 — bLick legs in, 243--raised on skim milk, 269, 325, 332 ; manage- ment of, 369 ; rearing by Earl Spencer, 82 Canada Thistle, mode nf extirpating, 3, 187 ; Salt used in their destructiou, 43 Canker Worms, an inquiry, 70 Capon, oi making, 183 Carrots for horses, 357 ; value of 25i ; best soil for, &c. 372 Caiierpillar, to destroy, 366, 357 Cat, boiled one, 194 Catterpillar, new kind, account of, by B. .'^ns. by Dr. Harris, 412. Cattle and Sheep of Great Britain, 13 — our own breed of, 186 — management ot, 148 — English, 313 — Dur- ham, 323— Ayreshire, 342 Cattle Show premiums at Westboro', 27; good effects of, 86; at Coiicoid, 117; at Essex, 117; at Ply- mouth, 117 . at Worcester, 126 ; list of premiums for Concord, :t23 ; increased interest in, 128 Cellar for milk, 2G Cement for pipes, 363 Charcoal, use of, in wheat culture, 116 ; for manure,282 experiment with, 277 Cheese, method of inoculating, 68; mode of preserving, 157 Chemislry Agricultural, 315 Chemical science, a slur at, 169 Chicken sallad, 196; hatching, 145 ; manufactory, 363 Children, to be sent to schocd, 222 ; indulge their cu- riosity, 229 ; governing of, 376 Chinese Cus!oms, 11, 32 ; Agriculture, 179 Churning Butter, 149 Cigala, or Locust, 13 Citron Slelon, receipt for preserving, 109 Clapp's pulverizer, 'ih'i Clarks', Hon. William Farm, 9 Close orVol.22, 409 Clover Seed, preparations of, 341 ; sowing with other seeds, 326 Clover Hay, curing of, 121 ; sudden appearance of, 342, 360 : curing of, 342 Coffee, to make good, 136 Colman's Ag. Mission noticed in IMark Lane Express, 1 ; in England, 2 ; Notice of his work, 14 , Terms and cond. lions oC his work, 73 ; Speech at Highland Asri- cultunl Cattle Show, 84 ; Li'tter to Bateham, 91 ; Letter to N. Yoik Socinty, 164 , Apology for delay of work, 318 ; European -Agriculture noticed, 374 ; Speech at Sussex, 28 Compost, advantages of lime in. 42; peat, 394 ; heap, shovelinir over, 212 Conciti of Birds, 333 Concord Ploughing Match! 117 Conserv.'itory. destruction by file, 185 Conirnst in iifi', 376 Cooking food f'ur stock, 137 ; a husband, 32 l^orn Malk Sugar, experiraents in making, 402 — Corn Stalks r-utling of, 9(; — green for niilk, 355 — fodder, value «'f, 83 — mode of culture of, fttr fodder, 393 vCorn, cnltivaiion of 303 — rule to meashre, 387 — close I planliiiir, 315, 39(i, 34li — t-xperiment on stooking, I 317 — planting of, 355 — Indian profits of, 357 — tillage of, 377 — accounts of large crops, 42 — successful ej perimenis in planting, 76 — harvesting, 7b — hullinj 133 — improvement of, 148 — culling up before ripe 158 — large crop of, 158 — and potatoe large crop, 173- plowing in for manure, 196 — thorough preparation < the soil for, 201 — great yield of, 205 — cobs, nutritio of, 213 — premium crops of, 274 — samples from largi 298 — stalk, sugar, 157 — preservation from frost, 401- odrl rows of, 405 — tillage of, 410 Cows, Milch, feeding of, 405 Cows, Milch, will potatoes make them poor, 25) — extr: ordinary Butter, 155 — and horse comparative value 12— large yield of Butter from Mrs. Buckley, 17- fork found in the stomach of a cow, 43 — abortion! 43 — milking qualities of Durham, 85 — mana»emer with calves, 292 — points of a giod milch, 373 — car of in Netherland, 315 — on dropping after calving, 32'. Cream Cheese, 406 Cream clouted or clotted, 19 Crops and season, 22 ; rotation of, 141 ; alternation o 189 Cruciform plants, 33 Cucumber, culture of, 321, 353 — trained, 373 Culture of fruit, 325— field Beans, 372— of the Grape, 40 Cultivator, against Plows, 21 Curing Hams, 193,164, 37 Curculio habits of, 13 ; Dr. J. Burnett's communicatio on, 49 : J. A. Kenrick's remedy lor, 348 : pavemen remedy for, 403 Curl in Potatoes, 386 Cutting grain, 227 ' D. Dairyman's Bill. 165 Dana's Prize Essay, 228, 234, 242, 276, 268, 298, 284 314, 331, 340, 348, 356; communication on Sassure' experiments, 324, '330 ; on Leibeg's remark on Sas sure's experiments, 338; on Sassure 's proofs, &c 358 ; on African Guano, 369 Debts, ten reasons for paying, 104 — the State, 33 Devon's and native cattle, 125 Directions for preparing Beef, Pork and Lard, 194, ITJ Disease in Potatoes, 212 ; in Pears, 275 Dog, faithfulness "f one, 40 ; aliachment of one to child, 264 ; the Poets, 272 Domestic Economy, 26, 27 Draining and its etfects, 35 ; of land, 142, 188; leetur on, bv E. Smith, 156; good effects ot, 218; swaiuj land-', 367 ; T. C. Lowell's on, 306 Dreaming to some purpose, 40 Droping of Cows after calving, 329 Dung, the quality of, 264 ; Hoise, Sheep, Hog and nigh soil, 268; action of mould in Cattle, 252; action o sails — Profession, 65— Daughter, 188— Boys, 12y— the, 1G3— hints to, 173 — linliday at Fruminijhiiin, J34-Sons, •^■iO— Clubs, hHiietit of, -Jv!?- Club, Mid- (Melon, 33ii — Nitw York, 37'.) Fanner and Chimiisl, importance of co-operation be- tween, 3'^1 -of Mount Vernon, 338 Fast, I'roilanuilion for, 309 Fences lo be put in order, 318 Fenced, i little Fiirni well, 66 Fish Manure, li'-i, -jOti Films, receipt fur curing on animals, 198 Fields, imprnve the borders of, 377 Field, Carrot, o73 ; lieana, culture of, 372 Flunnjl, red, not poisonous, 20U Flies, to kill, 330 Flowers, love of, 389 Food for (iennan Peasants, 225 Foundereil Horse, cure for, 137 Framiiighani, F.irnurs' Holiday, 134 Frugality in humble life, 374 Fruit SKialing, 93 — Culture, 325 Fruit Tree?, demand lor, 342 — age of, &0. 75 — trans- planting of, 134 — grafting of, 273— discussion at the Stale H'oiise, on 282, 286, 289, 290, 294— camion not to injure, 366 — watering 371 — hints on Pruning, 134 G. Gardening, benefit of, 9 Gaylord, his essiy on Manure, 20, 25, 34, 45 Gi.esu, uliliiy of, to the F.nrmer, 377 Geological Definitions, 145 Germination process, 2 Glimse J by the way, 6 Glow Woim, remarkable for its light, 19 Government in Children, 376 Gold Fish, construction of Ponds for, &c., 194 Graftinir Vines, 27, 201, 373— Fruit Trees, 273— Pears, 373-:Wax, 373 Grain Crops, deteriorating the soil, cutting it early, 227, 413 Grape, Seedling, from FItchburg, 33(1— Diana, 102— Ohio and Norton. 147 — prevention of mildew, in 393— culture of, 409 Grass, proper time for cutting, 70 Grease spots, how Vi remove, 325 Green Crops, for 1 rning in, 406 Grindiiig Bones, M lie for, 299 Grove-^. u.sefiil an - Tnameiital, 194 Guan,j, experiinen..; with, 53, 285— by B. B. Bon.h, 362 — on riweotCorn,62 — new enterprise, 1.5,'> — effects on Corn, by J E- T , 281 — artifitia! mode of making by Dr. O. T. E ,308 — J. Tescliemacher s remarks on Dr. Jackson, 310 — Dr. Valentine's artificial, 318— its action on various plants, by J. E. T., 340 — on turnips, 354 — preventing seed from vegetatiiii;. 365 — analyses of African and Peruvian by J. E. T., 306— a constant readers inquiries, 378 — remarks on by J B. and J. E. T., 390- mode of applying, 404 Gypsum, fe.rtilizing qualities of, 12 — mode of using, 379 H. Hail Stonn Insurance Company, notice of, 121 Hams, curing of 193, 164,37 Harris T. W., on Blight Beetle, 21— on Apple Worm, 13 — communication on Tent Caterpillar, 412 Harrowing (iriin, 307 Har\ asting Indian Corn, 78 Hatcliing Apparritus, 145, 221 Hay Making, 6 — Hay Oop, 14— in comparison with various plants, 01 — time for cutting and curing, 353 — in coijiparisoi: with roots, 361 Ilay, cured with Salt, 309 Heaves in Horbus, 186 Hedges and enclosures, "89 — live fence, 397 Hemlock, poisonous qualities of, 361 Hens, hint on the inanajement of, 181 Highland .Agricultural Society, transaciioiis of, 178 Hilling and not liillin;; Potatoes, 398 Hinls f.-r spring, 309— to Young Farmers, 201— from EastaliruoU, 16 — seasonable, 154 Hoeing, 11 Hogs, sticking at the South, 168— method of fattening in Westphalia, 219 — noses against chemical nos- tril nis, 241 Hollow Horn, remedy against, 219 Holt .\. M., profits of 8 acres, 378 — coinmuiiicalion on Button-balls, 101 — on the right u.-e of manure, 310. Hoosier and Yankee, 16 Hops, d''scri[>ti(in of, 37 Horse, points of a good one, 51 — a wonderful one, 56 — value of, 89 — spavin in, 89 — heaves in, 186 — cure for on" foundered, 137 — and his rider, 197 — shipping, 217 — iri'Utment of 77, 108 — introduclinn inio Knglaii'l of Arabian, 224 — puiging sick, 211 — blind teeth in, 243 — and oxen compand, 112 — salting, 67 Horse Chescul, viiluo of ihe nuts, ti7 Hoiticulvur.il (Society, .formal E.>:liibitiiiii of, 94,96 — premiums !'or 1844, 364 — reports for 1643, 300. Hot Beds, preparing of, 326 Howard, Sanfoid, on Siock, 186 Hudson's Address, bi'fore Worcester Agri. Sociely, 202 Hulling Indian Corn, 133. Hydrogen, iis use lo plants, 10, 318 I. Implements, discussion upon, lU the State House, 274 — and Tools, 230 Improve the mind, 222 Improvement of our own Stock, 1.52 — in stock. 217 — inCorn, 148 — Wheat, 14<^— and propagation of Wheat, 154 — of old p.istures, 174 -of manures, 358 — in cattle during the lust century, 403 Indian Hill Farm, account o(, 01 Industry, encouiagenient to, 67 Inflammation of Throat, cured, 277 Inquiry 298, 305 — about ashes, salt and lime, 243 Inoculating Cheese, 68 Insects, di'scriplion of, 14 ; destruction of, 77 Itch, Mad. 133 J Jackson, Dr. C. T., remarks on Manures at the State House, 240— on Arlificial Guano, 308— reply to Mr. Tescliemacher, 326 — on ascent of sap in plants, 336 — on properties of Indian Corn, 357 — answer to Dr. Holt, 390 Jaqiies Samuel, remarks at the State House, on Stock, 254— on raising Calves, 258 — subduing bulls, 254 K. Kenrick, John A., nursery, 73 Kenriek William, notice of his Orchardist, 410 Kelp and Sea Weed, as a manure, 81 Knowledge is Power, 401 h. Labor, examples of distinguished females, 20 — dignity of, 149 Laboring class in England, 374 Land theory and practice of manuring, 371 — draining 56, 142, 188— worn out, 289 Lambs and Kwes, 321 Lard Oil, improvement iu making, 301 Lice, on animals, 92 Liebig's remarks on Sassure's experiments by S. L. D., 250 Lightning, trees protection from, 161 Lima Beans, time to plant, 336 Lime, Ashes and Salt, for land, 206- as a manure, 200, 298, 315— advantage of, in compost, 42— phospate of, 93 Liquid Manure, value of, 306 Locust, or Ci4;ula, 13. Loudon, J. C, death of, 245 Lovelt, Josiah. 2d, on warming and pulverising the soil, 290— enquiries of, 305 I Lowell, F.C, report on reclaiming meadow lands, 3(16 — i Lucerne's description of, 83 — value of, 253 M. Mad Itch, 133 Manure, Gavlnrd's Essav cm, 20, 25, 34, 45, 52— Da- na's Prize Essay on, 2-28, 234, 242, 208, 276, 284, 314, 331, 340. 348, 3.''i0— Dr. Valentine's mode of preparing and preserving, 46 ; liquid, value of, r<9,366 — application of to the soil, 58, 271 — Pea!,li9 — Fish, 182, .2ljf; — urine as, 179 — Ammonia. 213 — Gvpsuni as, 379— Lime as, 205, 260, 298, 315— Salt as, 265, 31.-. 244, 404— Sea Weed as. 323, 269 — Ashes as, 265, 331,' 342, 339— new method of making, 84— right use of, 310 Manure, economical application of, 370— experiments with, 372 — on potaloc crop. 39.5 — composed of mould, 340— leached and nnleached ashes, 331»— and compost heap, 242 — consislin!; of sails, 29:i — mineral salts, 314 — wasteful application of, 322— night soil, hog, horse and sheep, 268— subject discussed at the Statu House, 238, 24 1, 240— BiniunHr's patent, 221— caiting and spreading, 242— artificial nine beds, 323 — im- provement in, 338 — theory and practice of, 371 — plowing corn lor, 196 — to make, 394 Manuring necessity of, 201 — looi crops with their tops, 212 .Maple >ugar, 1.57 Marriiige, arguments in f.ivor of, 192 Massacfiiisetts Societv, for promoting; agriculture, con- stilution of, 18.5 — lustury of its .'arly efl'.-ct, 190 — re- port on liiiins, 297 — on reel iing meadow, 306 — pre- mium list lor 1844, 312--Ilorlicultur«l Society, an- nual cxbihilion of, 94, 98— prcunuin reports, for 1843, 300— premium list for 1844, 3t;4 .May Apple, ti — -Melons, coiniounicalion on. 338 .Middlesex Agricultural Kenort, 194— Cattle Show, 117 — list of premiums, 323 Middlclown Fanners' Club, 337 Millet recoinmeiuled, 309 .Mildew on Grapes, 398 Milk and railroad, 75— and Milch Cows, 76 -bloody, 82— cellars, 26 Milcli-Cow, feeding of, 405— poiul of a good one, 373 — good one, 408 iMiscr, account of an extraordinary one, 208 Mould, action of, in Cattle dung, 252 Muck, or Swamp Mud, 38 Mules for Agricultural purposes, 248 N. Nantucket Sheep Shearing, 414 National Institute of, agriculture, 242, 252 i\ew York Farn.ers' Club, conversations of, 410 Newhall Cheever, on soiling Cattle, 258 New Jersey Agricultural Socielv, 169 — year, remarks on, 214 " ' ^ Nitrate of Soda, used on Strawberries, 339 — of Soda, ex- periineni with, 362 Norton Seedling and Ohio Grape, 147 Northampton Agricultural Society, Constitution of, 169 Nutritive matler of difierent vegetable substances, 53 O. Ohio Grape and Norton Seedling, 146 Old and new Farms, 1 — old age, respect to, 192 Oil Lard and Pork, 171— improvement in making, 205 Oichardisl, notice of Kenrick's new, 410 Orchards, Midiilesex Reports on, 194— take good care of, 396 Oiigin of the names of the Slates, 232 O.ten and horses compared, 92 — value of, by Madisnn, 116— best mode of harnessing, 132 — extra large fai, 147 P. Packing Provisions for foreign market, 172 Painting liuildings, utiliiy of, 12 Parsnips for Slock, 277 Pastures and Fields, improvement of, 174 Pastoral and piiinitive. 48 Pivement, remedy lor curciilio, 403 Peas, green in winter, 201 Peach Trees, preservation from worms, 5 — Worm, 378 — Salt Petre for, 219 — Yellows in, 189 — Resuscitation of, 77 — 'I'obacco leaves used as a preventative, 361 Peach Orchard, 194 Peaches, no difficulty in raising, 17 Peace [irinciples, power of. 288 Pears, Wilbur it Hull, 162— Oliver Seedling, 134— Lawrence, 174— .'VlacLaughlin, 182— Orchard, 194 — Diseases in, 301, 275 Peat. Meadow and Manuies, 09— and bogs reclaimed, 131 — compost, 394 Peel. Sir Robe rt on Agriculture, 170 Pettrs, Lovctt, on application of Manures, 257— on rai- sin" Calves, 209— on manageinciil of Cows after calv- ingt292— Anti-Skini-Milk, 269, 233 Phtnuey K., rejHirts on I'-irors, 2i'9 Pickles. daUL'er of putting in e.irtlien pots, 201 Pickle for meat, 157 Plaisler on Fruit Trees, good effect of, 17 Planling Corn, 355— Potatoes, liSS- Indian Corn, 355— Trees;-- 333 Plants, qualilies of, 349 Phnls, value of various compared willi hay, 91 Plums, how to raise them by Dr. Smith, 321— the Wsrt ,,n, 341 remedy for cnreulio on, 403- Dr. Biirneti's communicatioM on, 49— J. A. Kanrick's remedy, 34S— liabits of cnreulio on. 13 PIvmouth Agricultural Sori-ty List of premiums, 236— Ueport-^, 130— Cattle Show, 117, 12,5 — Supe'rvisorf Kepoit, 349, 350, 303 Plow, economical one. .59 Points of a good horse, 401 Poisoning by hemlock, 361 * IV. INDEX. riows, tri.'il of, al Essex, 139 l'li>wlng, in green crops, 37 — Corn, for manure, 106 — and Biihsnil Plow, 150 — Gr^'pn t5\v:irrl, 140— Dee|) 40 I'oor s, Benjaniin, accounl ol Ins (arm, 01 — Pliinncj's re- port on, 'Jlt'J Pork and Beef, western, 198— and Lard Oil, 171 I'orler Apple, origin of, 17H — I'otaioes, should tliev be planted whole, 341 — new me- thod of planting, -^84 — Jiercer and Chenango, 2()1 — planting 355 — curious one, 4ij — will they njake Milch Cows poor, 251— colinre of, 307, 300— Irish, 333— (ailure preveii!ed, 373 — dii^ea^rs of, (j() — diseases in, '212 — raising Irom seed, •24"2 — large crops of Corn, ^-c. 173 — S. Worcester's ! large one, 216 Stock Farm, basis of excellence, 46— warmth and shel- ter in winter, 196— New England, 54 — improved do- niestic, 74— breeders' convention,— 76 parsnips for, 277— Devonshire and native, 125 — cooking food for, 137— improvement of our own, 153— management of, discussed at the State House, 250, 254 improve- ment in, 217— imported, 217 Stealing fruit, 93 Stocking Corn, experiments with, 317 Strawberry, cultivation of, 68; male and female, 275 ; nitrate of soda used on, 339 Straw for fodder, value of dilTerenl kinds, 109 Stoves, air tight. 147 Subsoil plow' and ploughing, 150; lecture on, by E. Smith, 156 Squashes, son-ing, in the fall, 137 Sunflower, cultivation of, 398 Sugar, Maple and Cornstalk, 157 ; experiments in mak- ing corn-stalk, 402 Sulphate of Soda. 3f,2 ; ammonia, ibid Swamps and wet meadows, improvement of, 30 Swamp mild, best time to di^, 38 Swamp land, 184 Sycamore, cause of disease, 17, 101, 395 Sjmphitum, account of, 177 Teschemachers remarks at New York Ploughing Match, 138 ; extracts from his address before N. York Insiituie, 226 ; experiment with charcoal in plants, 277 ; in Guano, its efTecls on corn,&c. 281 ; answer to Lovett's inquiries, 305; remarks on Dr. Jackson's Guano, 315 ; on the action of Guano, 340 ; analvsis of African and Peruvian Guano, 366 ; answer to a con- slant reader, 390 Testimony in favor of the Silk Business, 370 Thistles how to destroy, 53 Thrifty and unthrifly farming, 354 Tillage of corn crop, 382, 410 Tomato, how to preserve, 405; new use of. 91 Tobacco in Connecticut, 101, 136; around Peach trees, Tools, good ones, 185 Trees effect in ameliorating climate, 36 ; as protectors from lightning, 161 ; how to make an unproductive oiie bear, 277 ; mode of planting, 333 ; season of trimming, 381; Fruit Trees, subject discussed 28-'' 286, 289, 290, 294 ' Turnip, protection against the Fly, 365; seed not veg- atating when sowed, with Guano, 365; trial of Gua- no on, 355 ; cultivation of, 308; English round or flat, 25 Turkeys, mode of fattening, 157 ; use of at the south, Truths, wholesome ones, 75 U. Unproductive tree made to bear, 277 Unruly milker. 299, 305 Urati liow to save, 373 Urine as a manure, 179 ; causes which make it better or worse, 299 V. Valentine Dr., mode of preparing and preserving ma- nures, 46 ; artificial Guane, 318 Van Mons, notice of his death, 225 Vines, to protect them from Bugs, 371 ; graftinir of. 27 Vineyards, Ohio, 103 5 ^ • Virginia, things in, 113 W. Walker, S , notice of his Ranunculuses, 414 Watering fruit trc;s, 371. Wages of farm laborers in England, 11 Washing wool, 385 Wax for grafting, 301 Welles, Hon. J^hn, on Salt, as manure, 244 Weather, seventy of, 254 Webber, Dr Samuel, on experiment in soaking seed. &c.,278 ^ ' Webster, Hon. Daniel, speech at Rochester, 106; on Sheep, 242 ; and his farm, 234 ; anecdote of, 313 Westboro' Cattle Show, 118; premium list, 17; Socie- ty's Reports, 133 Wheat Worm, 413 ; scratched by a Hen after sowing, good effect of, 361 *' Wheat, ancient Prayer to ward off the insect, 233 ; im- provement and propagation, 154; culture, use of Charcoal, 116; rise in, at Chicago, 30 ; improvement of, 148 Wheeler, L. M., account of seedling Potatoes, 130 ; Benj. account of Peat Meadow, 69 White Daises, 405 Why and because, 218 Winter rye, cutting of, 14 Wife, finding one, 48 ; worth having, 178 Women laboring in the field, 374 Woodland, how should they be managed, 235 Wood, green and dry, 229 ; cutting an sledding, 230 ; lime to cut, 237 ; to prevent decaying, 385 Wood Ashes, Coal Ashes, 4^., 85 Wool, demand for long, 257 ; washing, 385 ; effects of Tariff on, 218 Worcester, S., uocount of Seedling Potatoes, 94 Worcester County Agricultural Society, 126 ; reports of commitlei, 140; Horticultural Society, exliibition,126 Worms, forest, account by S, W. Jewell, 412 Worn out lands, 289 Y. Yeast, recipe for making, 373 Yew, caution to Farmers, 373 Zink vessels for Milk, 413. Z. 1. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. From the Albany Cutlivalor. PEACH TREES. My !rraiiJf;ilIicr. Ralpli Voorliees, of this town, >s Iniijf been a iii.ist siiccessful cnltivator of llie ^ac.li tree, and from infonnalion derived from him, ieelBCl for publioalion a few liints, tngelher with nmc particulars obtained from other sources. Peach stones sliould be buried in the fall, in -y jfround ; over them slijhtly ; freezing is no ijury. In the sprinp, diff them up, crack them, jt leave the pits wilhin tiio shells, as tliis is most ;cordin^f to nature, and so plant thcin. If the oni^s are not cracked when planted, they may not 'gelate until the t^econd year; and indeed my in- irinttit has known them in one instance, to lie ilf a dozen years before coming up. July, thouorh a good time for inoculating plum 'CCS, is too early for the peach. If peach trees re inoculated in this month, every rain causes the ound to send forth a quantity of gum, which be- onies hard, and is liuitful to the buds. This evil ill be diminished, if Ihe operation is deferred un- 1 August, or, what is still better, the early part of eptember. Set the buds on the north side of the •ee ; t:ie sun will not be so likely to dry them up. Peach trees, in this region, are much infested y ants. These insects gnaw the bark, producing flow of gum; they also gather upon the leaves, ause them to curl up and turn yellow, thereby urting the growth of the tree. I should like to .ear whether the same plague e.sists elsowliore. Urine, thrown frequently around the bodies and oots of the trees, is a powerful stimulant to their jrowth, and preserves them in a great measure "rom the worm. Mr Voorhees treated his trees in .his manner last year ; and among the whole num- 3er, consisting of about fifty, but one worm was de- ected during the season; nor were the ants so roublcsome as formerly. Some persons cover the jasi! of the tree with tar, and no doubt it is ser- I'iceable against both wol-ms and ants. I believe the rav^iges of the worm may be prevented in a va- riety of ways, without resorting to the plan recom- mended in recent papers, of setting vermifuge plants, as tansy or wormwood, around the trees, [t is worthy of inquiry, whether wormwood used for this purpose, would not be highly prejudicial to the growth of the tree, as this plant is noted for its power of draining the soil of irs potash, an in- gredient exceedingly useful to fertility. It is bet- ter to keep the earth for some distance around the trunk, clear of weeds, grass, and ail living plants; and when young trees are set out, the gr(uind should be kept under cultivation several years af- terwards; for which purpose, one of the crops best adapted is potatoes. A. R. McCORD. Z<.i;gra(!g'e, Ouchcss Co., jV. Y. A correspondent of the Albany Cultivator says his horse was cured of inflammation in the eye by the lollowing treatment : "Take sassafras twigs of one year's growth ; take the inner bark, a handful to a pint of cold water ; let it stand for a tew hours ; it will become thick, like the white of an egg : wa.sh the eye out well ; it will remove the inflammation. For ii film on the eye, pulverize loaf sugar as fine as possible; fill ii quill with il, and blow it in the eye ; it will remove the film. My hor.-ie was entirely blind, and the above cured him, 60 Ihut he can see as well as ever." STIRRING THE SOIL. The cultivator will derive mahy advantages from a careful investigation of the sufipoit yielded by the vapor of the atmosp^iore to his plants. He will perceive that its unvaried presence affords an additional reason why the air should be allowed to circulate freely through the well pulverized and loosened soil, to the roots of all growing crops ; and let him, above all, avoid the very common er- roneous opinion, that the atmosphere is ever ilry : the fact is the very opposite. The chemist's labo- rious investigations have clearly demonstrated, that though the watery vapor varies in amount, yet it is never absent from the atmosphere, but that it happily always the more abounds where the culti- vator's crops need its assistance most; it is then the most able to furnish the roots of his grain crops with all the moisture they require ; and if it is un- able to penetrate to them, the fault is not in the wise economy of nature, but in the carelessness of the cultivator, who is either too inattentive to see the advantages which he might thus freely derive, or too indolent to loosen the ca.«e-hardened soil, which prevents the entrance of the requisite sup- ply of moisture. One of the causes of the unproductiveness of cold, clayey, adhesive soils, as Davy well remark- ed, is, that the seed is coaled with matter imper- meable to air. The farmer can convince him.self of these facts by the simplest of all experiments. Let him merely use his rake or his hoe on a por- tion of a bed of wheat or turnips, or any other kind of crop, and let him, in (he driest weather, merely keep this portion of soil loose by this gen- tle stirring, and he will find that, instead of pre- judicing his crop by letting out the moisture, as is often ignorantly supposed, something is evidently let into the soil ; for the portion thus tilled will be soon visibly increased in luxuriance by the mere manual labor thus bestowed ; and in this experi.- meni, which I have ofion tried, I am supposing that both portions of the ground are equally free from weeds ; that in every other respect, the treat- ment of both the tilled and undisturbed portions of the experimental plot is exactly the same. To a very great extent, some of the best of the Eng- lish farmers have long found out these facts, and have acted upon the discovery. The horso-hoe of the east and south of England, in the driest days of summer, may be seen at work in the large sandy turni() fields of Norfolk and Suff'cilk, with unvaried regularity ; not for the mere destruction of weeds, but for the chief and highly beneficial purpose of increasing the circulation of the gases and vapor of the air. " The longer I keep stirring the soil between my turnip diilfs," said Lord Leicester to me, some years since, " in dry weather, the better the turnips grow." The absolute necessity for all crops receiving a regular supply of carbonic acid gas, will explain to the farmer why his crops always yield an infe- rior produce when they are surrounded by thick plantations of timber trees ; and why the portion of all kinds of plantations growing on the side of the field the most exposed to the winds is almost always of the most luxuriant growth; it will ex- plain to him the reason why many skilful farmers drill their corn so that the most prevalent winds may, with the more facility, circulate iilong the rows, instead of across them; and why all farmers find that tlieir crops prosper better in moderately windy weather than in calms ; since in all these instances, and in many other well known popular observations of the same kind, the copious supply of the carbonic acid and oxygen gases of the at- mosphere is naturally impeded by thick plantations of other vegetable substances, and promoted by the winds. The consumption of oxygen gas by the roots of plants, and their increaso of growth and vigor, when their usually impeded supply is increased, is equally fraught with instruction to the cultivator; for it serves to explain the reason why stirring the soil around the roots of trees, according to the fashion of the early vine and olive cultivators of Italy, or merely disturbing the rows of cabbages and turnips, as practiced by the best English far- mers, is attended with decided advantage, since it suffers the air to have more free access to their roots. It renders apparent, too, one of the chief reasons why mere stibsoil plowing adds so mate- rially to the luxuriant produce of even the poorest cultivated lands, since, as the soil is deepened and pulverized, the atmosphere more freely and more copiously penetrates to the roots of the vegetation it supports. The same facts explain the advan- tages of deep plowing, of sub-turf plowing, and of trenching ; why the indolent farmer in vain tries to render productive his shallow-plowed lands; and why, when the industrious cottager encloses his garden from the barren waste, too poor to suffi- ciently manure it, he yet renders it productive of excellent crops, by merely trenching it to the depth of 18 or 20 inches. — Farmers' Encyclop. MASS. HORTICQLTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITIO.V OF FRUITS. Saturday, June 17, 1843. Two boxes of Early Virginia Strawberries from J. F. Trull, Dorchester — the first of the season. June 24. — Black Hamburg, White Chasselas, and Miller's Burgundy Grapes — fine specimens — from Dr. Howard, Brookline. Black Hamburg (superior,) White Chasselas, and Black Grapes of St. fllichael — fine specimens. Royal George Clingstone Peaches, found by a sure test to be fine flavored — averaging over 6 oz. each. Barrasaube Grapes and St. Michael Figs, and To- matoes— from J. F. Allen, Salem. One box Keen's Seedling Strawberries — superb —-from Mr Charles Rohbins, South Boston. Victoria or Black Hamburg Grapes — from Col. T. H. Perkins, Brookline. Fine specimens of Ivirly Virginia Strawberries, from J. F. Trull, Dorchester. Four boxes of Early Virginia and four of Royal Scarlet Strawberries, from J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton. Box of Eirly Bigareau Cherries, from the Presi- dent of the Society. Early Virginia Strawberries — fine specimens — from Messrs. Hovey. Cambridgeport. Early Virginia Strawberries, from Mr A. H. Hovey, Cambridgeport. For the Committee, B. V. FRENCH. The superficial area of Great Britain comprises about 57 millions of acres, of which ii-l millions are in cultivation, and JO millions of the remainder arc susceptible of imnrovement. With the present population, every 34 acres raise food for about 20 people, and the 10 millions of acres if improved, would feed an additional population of C millions. 6 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, Ji;X.T 5, 1843. SfI2W laardi'^ilSJ© S>il2iSISI2 i^a AND HORTICULTURAL RRGISTER. Boston, VVed.'ld recently for §25 per acre. We give the report as it came to our ears from the lips of a stranger, while we stood upon the summit of Mount Holyoke, and were gazing down. The damage, however, is limited to a comparatively small part of the meadow. 19(/i.— On the way to Brattleboro', Vt., vegetation seems more advanced than in the valley nearer the mouth of the river. And in Charlestown, N. H., we find larger corn and grass than we have seen before. One farm here which we were told belonged to a Mr Mulliken, surpasses in neatness and apparent fertility, any other that we have seen in all our journey. We were sorry that we could not stop and make the acquain- tance of one who gives a farm so much simple beauty. 2lst. — On the way from Claremont to Concord, we met occasionally with a pleasant spot fiir tillage, but pre- vailing rocks and stumps cnvered the ground. How the people came to fix down there, and how they sub- sist now they are there, are questions too deep for us to answer. As we came near the Merrimack, we found the soil generally more sandy and less fertile than on the banks of the Connecticut. The rocks of the subsoil are rounded and are colored with iron, and the subsoil itself is porous, and such as would cause the lands to suffer much in times of drought. Saturday morning found us back to the city, after an absence of a little more than two weeks. Our object and our modes of travel were incompatible with any thing like an accurate view of the agricultural operations of, the sections of country through which we passed, and therefore our account can be only general and brief IJT'MessrB. Jordan ii. Co. have sent us from their " De- pot of Cheap Works," 121 Washington street. Part IX ofthe Farmers' Encyclopedia. This is a work of value, and wo recommend it as a desirable addition to the shelves of every agricultural library. Tile work is published in monthly parts, at 25 cts. The nine pub- lished numbers can be inspected at Messrs. Jordan & Co.'s. MASS. HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. KXIIIBITION OF FP.OITS. Saturday, July 1, 1843 The show of Strawberries today was amontr tfie best if not the very best, this spason. From Capt. Charles Robhins, South Boston — one box of Keen's Seedling, one of Boyal Scarlet, and one of Methven Castle Strawberries — all of them very excel- lent. From Messrs. Ilovey & Co. — one large basket and three boxes of Horey's Seedling Strawberries, one bask- et of a new seedling, and trusses showing the great pro- ductiveness of each kind, also, 1 box Bishop's Oran"e. Fiom John A. Kenrick, Newton — two boxes of Tar- tarian Cherries. From J. F. Allen, Salem— Black Hamburg, White Chasselas, Muscat of Alexandria, Blank Grape from St. Michael, (Azores,) Frontignac and Barrasaube Grapes- all superior specimens. One box of Hovey's Seedlin" Strawberries, the best box in the hall, and one dish ol Royal George Clingstone Peaches. From Dr. John C. Howard — an extraordinary large and well colored bunch of Black Hamburg Grapis — sup- posed to be the largest berries ever exhibited in the hall. White Chasselas and Burgundy Grapes. From the President of the Society — Hovey's Seedling Strawberries. From Wm. Kentick — " May Apples," (growth of this year,) perfectly ripe — sent from Smilhfield, Va., by Richard Reynolds, Esq., of that place. This is a small pale green fruit, of pleasant flavor. At that place, they usually ripen in May, and are earlier than any other va- riety known. From J. L. L F. Warren, Brighton — eight boxes of Warren's Seedling Strawberries, one box of Downlon Strawberries, two boxes French Cherries, and two boxes of Downton Cherries. For the Committee, SAMUEL POND. EXniBITIOn OF VEGETABLES. From Messrs. Hovey &. Co.— Superb Black Spine, and Cuthill's Black Spine Cucumber, 15 inches long, new and fine in appearance. A dish of well ripened Tomatoes, from J. F. Allen, Salem. JNO. A. KENRICK. [Owing to the sickness of tho Chairman of the Flow- er Committee, and the absence of other members of the same committee, no official account of the flowers exhi- bited has been received. The show was a very fine one, and we regret our inability to give a report ol^it to- day, with the premiums awarded for Pinks and Roses. — Trans '\ THE BUG POISON. This article, which we mentioned four weeks ago, as having been sent to us by Mr Dey, of New York, has been fairly tried, but it answers no better purpose than plaster, ashes, charcoal, (ac. MAY APPLE. Mr Wm. Kenrick exhibited at the Horticultural Rooms on Saturday last, a box of apples from Richard Reynolds, Esq., of Smithfield, Va., of this year's growth. They were perfectly ripe, and a fair eating apple, for one so early. Mr Ri'ynolds thinks they would ripen in the vininity of Boston as early as June 10th. This ap- ple is small, being an inch and a quarter to an inch and an half in diameter each way. Its color is pale yellow, with a blush of red on one side. (Ij'Hovey's Seedling Strawberry surpasses all other varieties exhibited at the Horticultural rooms. The ber- ries are from three to four inches in circumference. Hj'The Index to the last volume of the Farmer is in course of preparation. (lj=We are a day later than usual this week in the publication of the paper, on account of the Glorious Fourth. » vol.. 5 XII, NO. I. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. THEa.MOMETIllCAL RppiirteJInrIhe Now Kiislinnl Farmer. Kingeofllie I'l.eimometeral the (iar.ieii..f llie proprietors iif llifNew Englanil K.inner, llrighlon, Mass. in » shaaed *Iori lei-lynxposure, Cor the week enillng July 2. July,lS43. * iMiddy, I 7,A.M. I 12, M. I 5,e.M. | Wind. I IK'Sll.lV. We hiesday, '1 hnr-day, Fri lay, Sa'urday, Sund.iy, 26 27 2^ 89 20 1 i 2 I 63 66 72 71 71 7i 72 80 83 96 90 84 86 92 70 73 78 79 78 78 75 E. .S. W. S. E. E. E. E. S. E. ItRKiHPON MA11K.ET.— MosLAY.July 3, 1843. Kcj'orteil for the N. K. Farmer. Al .Market -JIO Beef Cattle, 12 pair working Oxen, 2150 Sheep and 550 Swine. 80 Beef Cattle unsold. I'liicEs.— Bee/ C«H/e.— We reduce our quotations. A very few e.^lra probably broii^'bt a trifle more than our liigbest quotations. First quality, $4.70. Second qual- ity, i a $4.50. Third quality, $3.75 a $4.25. Working Ozere.— Sales $60, $"i! a $85. S/iec;>— Lots wore sold IVom $1.12 to $2.00, and a few at $2,U5. iiwinc. — A lot oTsmnlt pigs for ro.nsters at 7, Old Bar. rows 4 1-4. A lot to peddle 4 1-2. A lot to close, 3 3-4. At retail fmm 4 to 5 1-2. lean full blood do 33 a 34— Do 3-4 do 32 a no— Do. 1-2 do 29 a 30--1-4 nnil common do 35 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Oo. unwashed, 10 a 13— l'.en;asi do 8 a 10— Sa.tonj,rleaii. oo — Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a 10 — ilo. do picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 26 a 30— No. 1 do. do. do. 23 a 25— No. 2 do do do 13 a 20— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duly 20 percent. 1st son Mass. 1342, lb. 12 a 13. 2d do. do. do. Oa 0. HAY, 14 to 16 per toil- Eastern Screwed SIO to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New 6 to 7. EGGS, II a 12. M'llOLESALK PRICES CURRENT. Corrected uilh great care, weekly. SEEDS. Herds Grass, $n no to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top 45 to 50 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Southern, 0 a 9 c. riax Seed, 3i» 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Canary Seed, S4 50 per bushel. GRAIN. Duty, Corn, Rye and Beans, free; Barley 20 per cent. ; Oats 20 per cent. The market at ihe close very quiet, but for good Corn ihere still continues a fair demand, at improved rates. ;3orn— Northern, old, bushel 61 to 62— Southern, round yellow old, 60 a 61— Southern flat yellow, new, 59 a 60— do. do. white 53 a 55— do New Orleans, 50 a 53 — Barley 00 a 00 —Rye, Northern, 0 ) a 70— do. Southern, 60 a 62- Oats, Southern, 30 a 31 — Northern do. 32 to 33— Beans, per bushel 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 25 -bran, 15 a 18. FLOUR. There has been an evident disposition on the part ol' the holders, for a day or two past, to effect an ad- vance, and prices in consequence are less firmly sustained. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $5 62 a 3 75 —do. wharf, 80 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, S5 62 a 5 75— Phila- delphia do. 4 mos. S5 50 a 5 62 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 !no3. S5 62 a 5 73— Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 on — Georgetown, 43 50 a 6 80— Richmond Canal, S3 62 a5 75 —do. City, So noa n 00— Petersburgh, South side SO 00 aO 00 tlo! CountrvSio 00 a 0 00— Genesee, common, cash, S5 75 a 0 00— do lancy brands S3 R7 a G 00 — Ohio via Canal, So 00 a 0 OO— du do New Orleans, cash S3 00 a 5 75. Rye, «3 23 a 3 50— India'i Meal in bbls. S2 87 a 3 00. PROVISIONS. The principal sales of the week have been for ship stores and for whalemen, prices being fully sustained. Beef— Mess 4 no. new bbl. Ss 00 a 8 50— Navy— S7 JOa 7 yg.—Nn. 1, 0 00 1 7 00— do Prime SO 00 a 0 00— Pork- Extra clear 4 mo. bbl. Sl3no a 13 50— do Clear S 0 00 a 12 00 do. Mess, 10 50 a II 00— do Prune t< 50 a 9 50— do Mess from other Stales,— a do Prime do do SO 00 n 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do Soo oo a 00 00 — BuUer, shipping, 0 a 0 '—do store, uninspected, 7 a 8— do dairy, 10 els. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do South and Western, 5 a r,i — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6i — Southern and iWeslem, 6^ a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4 a 6 — do new milk, oh a 6^. WOOL. I'uty. The value whereof at the place of ex- pination shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, free. All where- of the va:ue exceeds 7 els. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. Several parcels of the new clip have been brought to mar- ket, but the sales are not of sulhcient amount to establish prices. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 30 a 40 c.--Araer- CUL.TIVATORS. Howard's Im] roved Fixed and Expanded Cultivators, of all sizes. The cultivator is an implement that is com ing inlo very general use in all parts of the country, and serves in a great measure in lieu of hoeing. The teeth are so constructed as to raise the ground, and leaves it very light and free for cullivation, and at the same lime destroys the weeds. These Cultivators aie best adapted to free and easy ground, for running throujh rows of corn, potatoes and veg- etables of all kimis, and used in the cullivaiion of Hops, in- stead of the plough aud hoe. and are found far superior to either. It is likewise well adapted lo harrow in grain and grass seed; and for ilie many uses to which this implement may be applied, ii must be considered one of the most val- uable and uselnl tools that is used on a farm, and is coming into very general use. For sale by J. BRECK &. CO., Nos. 61 ami 52 North Market et. June 28. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK. & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price S2. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price i)2i eta. Feb 15. POllDRETTE ! POlDRETTE I t The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale, Poudretle in qnanlilies to suit purchasers ; packed in Bar rels in order lor shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest operation upon vegetable matter, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the Nc%v England Seed Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meef with prompt attention. For sale by J. BRECK &. CO, 51 and 62 North Market St., Boston. Oct. 26. SILK BUSINESS. Silk Worm Eggs, Pea nuts, and Sulphurs, at $3 50 per ounce. Mulberry Trees. Cantons and Mullicaulis at S<50 per thousand delivered in Boston, by J. R. BARBOUR. Oxford, Jan. 23, 1843. } p^j, j_ Near Depoton N. and W. R. Road. S SEED BAKLEV. 100 bushels prime Seed Barley, for sale by April 25. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. MUCK MANUAL. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck Man- ual for Farmers. By Dr S. L. Dana; price 62^. Boston, April 13. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and lea.liiig Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO. No. 52 North Market si. IVILLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED SEED SOWER. WILLIS has made some considerable improvenients in his Seed .Sower, making it complete as time and hard study can possibly maUe it. In using this machine, the farmer may be certain that his seed is pot into the ground, and at the same time in the best possilile manner. There has been a great difficulty in machines ior sowing garden seeds; they are very apt to clog up, and the farmer might no over an acre ol land and loi sow a single seed ; but not so with this ; ii is so constructed that it cannot possibly clog. In using this sower, the farmer can save one half of his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter the expense of the common way of sowing his seeds, and have it done in a much better manner ; it ojiens the furrow, drops the seed, covers it over and rolls them down. It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Baga, Margel Wurtzel, Turnips, Cairots, Beets, Parsnips, Onions, &c. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and 62, Boston, Market Street. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. SAYLE'S GARDEN ENGINE,. A splendid article, will throw a constant stream of water to the distance of 50 or 00 fqel, with great force, and in case of fire would be a good substitute for a fire engine. The most perfect article for the, purpose ever introduced. For sale at the AgricnUu.^l Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 Noah Markut Street, Bo-ton, May 24. JOSEPH BRECK & CQ. REvOLVIiVG HORSE RAKE. -^-i^'^V-i' The Revolving Rake which has been in general use in most pans of Pennsylvania ami New Jersey, is louud to be one of the most uselnl and labor saving machines now in use. One man and horse wiili a boy to lead, will rake on an average from 23 lo 3ii acres pet day, with ease, and do the work well. Thev are coming into very general use m all parts of the couiiiry. and will, no doubt, in a few years supersede the use of the coiiiiiion hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person usin" it docs not have to stop Un- horse to unload the rake. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos 51 and 62, North Market Street, Boston May n. JOSEPH BRECK & Co. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. JIXY 3. IS4S. MISCELLANEOUS LONG ABSTINENCE FROM FOOD. The oxhibiiion of Mr Cavaiiagh, the Irishman, who professes to liavc lived for five years upon nothing but nir, or, as Hamlet would say, "on the ciiamelpon's dish," may render the following in- teresting lo the deader London .Mirror. In a cnrioiis but instructive work, written by W. de liritaine, and entitled "Humane Prudence, or the Art by which a Man may raise liiniself and ills Fortuni' to Grandeur;" eleventh edition, (Lon- don, 1717,) I find the follnwijig remarkable state- ments, which sccni to contain a mixture of trutli and falsehood, as is too often the case with old books: — '• If nature," says the author, "could be nourished some other way than by ealinf, all dan- ger of diseases would be prevented. Tljere was a person of much honor, who told me that his {jrand- fathor, by reason of his studious habits, had iiis di- gestive faculties so enervated, that whatever he ate turned into crudities and obstructions. He, be- ing a person of great knowledge, tried many expe- riments to repair it, but without any effect; at the last, he applied a piece of raw flesh to his stomach, and fastened it to it; once in twelve hours he ap- plied fresh : in some time he found nature abun- dantly satisfied therewith, and had a rejuvenescen- cy and renovation of all parts, and lived many years after in good strength and vigor, icilhont eating or drinking any Ihing. How this may comport with reason, is worth the inquiry. We have observed in regard to drink, that all the time we sit in the water, wo shall never thirst: for nature, by the pores, doth suck and draw in atjueous particles to satisfy thirst; and why may it not draw from the flesh a 3UCCUS mitritius, which will support and preserve nature.' Upon this reason, the physi- cians prescribe nourishing clysters lo their patients, and baths of milk in hectic fevers, when the body is extremely low. Paracelsus tells us that a man of liis knowledge, by applying of fresh sods to his stomach, lived without hunger half a year together. Nature is able to draw through her pores^inall parts of the body, such food as she desiroth ; oth- erwise how comes it to pass that many persons have lived a long time without eating any meat ? Paracelsus, Licetus, and Cardan (men who made great figures in their days,) assure us that they knew some holy men that lived twenty years to- gether without eating any meat.— [Grahamism, it would seem from this, is not so nctv a thing as some have thought it.] — Hermolaus Berbarus,'and Joubertus have delivered to us, that one in Rome lived foity years, on/^/ by the inspiration of air; hence it was said by the cosmopolite, that there is in the air a hidden food of life. Ficinus, Crollius, and Randeleliiis tell us, that in the East Indies' near the river Ganges, there is a nation called As- tomares, that have no mouths : they live only by the air and smells which they take in their nos- trils, from roots, flowers, and wild apples, which they carry with them in long journeys. The air is full of balsamic, roscid atoms, and is ever sprink- led with a fine foreign fatness, which may perhai.s be sufficient food to nourish the fine parts of our frame, whereon the temper of man and his life standeth. Olympidorus, the platonist, assures us tjiat he knew a person who lived many years, and son of his simple course of life, had the honor of this inscriptiim upon his grave-stone : ' Here Brawn, the common beggar, lies, WhocuuMtcd bv lii^ tale, ifoiue six scure winlers and above — Such virtue there s in Jlle. Me was his meat, his drink, his clolh — .He dill his d.'alli re|iricvi'; And could lie ftill liave drank his ale, Hit bail been siill alive.' "This discourse of temperance," says our author, in his conclusion, " will be looked upon as an ex- travagant phanzy, and I myself have the same opinion of it ; but yet it is agreed by many learned physicians, that men and women have lived many years together without eating any food; but that death did not follow the taking away of the appe- tite, to me is wonderful. Laiiguis thinks the cause to be the relaxation of the nerves iu the orifice of the stomach ; but this cannot satisfy a rational in- quiry. Sennertiis conceives that such beings are almost immortal, and little enhaled from them, be- cause they consist of a tenacious humor, well com- pacted and growing fast together, and will not yield to the action of heat, that feeds on the nour. ishment; and their heat is most mild and gentle, and requires not much nourishment; but, I piav consult the Adepli, those sons of art, and let niu be silent." Cross Ansu-crs. — A prisoner being brought be- fore the Police Court, the following dialogue took place between him and the magistrate: "How do you live?" "Pretty well, sir: generally a joint and pudding at dinner." "I mean, sir, how do yon get your 'bread V " Generally at the baker's, your worship." " You may be as witty as you please, sir: but I mean simply to ask you, how do you do .'" " Tolerably well, I thank your worship : I hope your worship is well." The culprit was re- manded to prison London pnp. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASyTraUGHT P^LOUGH i^^^^-'zi-^tiirii-i^E™!?'^''-- ^^i^:tyKf^t^^:^?i-j^-°-^"--.;^:i:^;,::j.; JOSKPH 13RECK & CO. """"inamL-s^'f"' CHEESE PRESSES. SELF-GOVERNING CHEESE PRESSES-two kinds .^ ,, ■ .,.....-, a.,u -',=!"' >;,""P'"1<^''''>' V'^Shakei'. Tlicse are so construct. neither fed nor slept, but stood only in the sun to and are h 'far^Ihri,'™ """ '™''''''" * For sale at the N. refresh himself. One Brawn, an 7rw/j man, buta i --.. Cornw/t beggar, who lived to a great age bv rea , N-jrili .Market street. fa o"-! ".y ica- June 7, 1643. presses now in usr;. ' Asncullural Warehouse, 51 and 62 JO.'?. BRECK & CO. GRINDSTOIVES ON FRICTION ROI.L,ERS. Grindstones of ililferent sizes, hung on friction rollers and moved wiili a foot treader, is found to be a great improve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are hecommgdailj'more in use. and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can he attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J BRECK & Co., No. 61 North Market street. LACTOMETERS — a simple instrument for tpstini» the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & CO. ° NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or .52 5 J if not paid within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank aH subscriptions and reiriittancts for newspapers, without expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DElV^tETT, PKINTERSi ill School Street. ??!( '^^ ^^^;^ AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AoBicuLTaHAL Wabehodse.)-ALLEN 'puTNAM, EDITOR. vol,, xxii.i BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 12, 1843. [NO. a. N. E. FARMER, HON. WM. CL.\RK'S F.ARMING. Wo speul a pleasant hour week before last, in riding with Hon. Win. Clark alonj the road llirounrh Ills grounds in Norlliampton. He possesses seve- ral hundred acres of lij^ht lands, which ho has un- dertaken to improve, mostly by the turning in of clover. His first growth is usually small, but the second, which dunes from the seed of the first, is usually very much belter. Some of the lands, after a growth of clover has been grown upon them, and plowed in, are put to corn, but the larger portion are sowed to winter rye. Mr C. stated that he sowed last summer and autumn, from J.50 to 175 bushels of rye. Some of his fields of this grain looked very well, but others ivill not yield very large crops. Air C. does not expect large crops at present. His object is to make these lands pay for the annual expenditure upon them, and at the same time keep them in a process of regular improvement. If a few years shall show that he can do this — and we think he will do it — then his methods will be highly valuable to hun- dreds and thousands of farmers who are doomed to work in sand and gravel. — Ed. N. E. F. STATE OF BUSINESS IN ENGLAND. There never was a period when the peculiar po- sition of this country needed more a skillful states- man at the head of affairs, a m.-.n possessed of a master-mind, capable of devising a remedy for evils which are now destroying the energies of the country, than the present. Possessing capital, la bor, skill, industry, perseverance and energy une quailed, yet do almost, all our great branches of trade and manufacture seem declining from some unseen agency, to arrest Ihe pestilation of which no remedy has as yet been discovered. Seeing .he miserable vacillation of our government on the subject of free trade and the corn laws, and being convinced from e-xperiencc of the past, tliat it is not to be relied upon for the future, we have more :han once observed that it was a serious question for the farmers to consider whether it were not bet- er at once to cut the gordian knot, than to endure ihe torture of having their property taken from hem bit by hit — somewhat after the fashion adopt- ed towards the Jews some years ago, that of de- nanding a sum of money, and pulling out a tooth ir teeth on refusal ; with this difference, that the ptinn of compounding by a tooth, is not given to he farmer. The landowners must themselves per- ■.eive that whilst things remain in this state of loubt and perplexity, no improvements will be car- ied on by the tenantry. Some, well informed, trong-mmded men, will feel that there is no hope 'Ut in adopting improvements to their fullest ex- ent; but by far the greater majority will arrive at he opposite conclusion, and curtail their expendi- ures to the utmost. Mr Wehster, who delighted all who heard him t the great dinner of the Royal Society at Ox- ford, in addressing his fellow-countrymen at a pub- lic dinner given to him at Baltimore, on the litth May last, in the course of his speech thus express- ed himself: " Depend upon it, gentlemen, it is change, and apiirehcnsion of change, that unnerve every work- ing man's arm in this section of country. (Ap- plause.) Changes felt, or changes feared, are the bane of our industry and our enterprise. (Ap- plause.) I live in a quarter of the country full of industry, with some capital, and great activity ; and when I go among my neighbors, they ask, 'For God's sake toll us what to expect: Lay down your law — prescribe your rule — let us see what will be the course of the gnvernment, and we will apply our capital and our skill to the state of things, be it what it will. Cool ua, warm us, freeze us, scorch us — do what you please; but let us know what you intend to do, and slick lo it.' " (Laughter and applause.) Had Mr Webster been selected to plead the cause of the British farmer before the legislature of this country, ho could not have explained their situation and expressed their feelings in more em- phatic language. Is there a transaction in life, in the conduct of which mistrust and want of confi- dence will not act like a canker-worm .' Neither the man who cannot come to a decision upon ques- tions involving the greatest interest of the nation, nor he who dares not avow that, decision when ar- rived at, is fitted to guide the destinies of the Brit- ish nation. Constant changes in commercial poli- cy are equally prejudicial as revolutions in political government. Who will place confidence in the man who has no fixedness of purpose .' No one. Neither will a nation confide in a government which professes not to have any fixed principles of action in commercial matters. We would have it perfectly understood that the above remarks are confined to the legislation of our country so far as regards agriculture only. Mark-lane (London) Express. present good for fear that in some future period it may bo abueed; but in the entouragemcnt of gar- dening, whilst an iminediute good is obtained, there is no fear of its perversion in after days. Its diflu- siim among the poorer classes is an earnOBt rr means of more important benefits than the present increase of their comfort. The laborer who de- lights in the garden attached to h s cottage, is gen- erally among the most decent of his class; he is seldom a frequenter of the ale-house; and there are few among them so senseless as not readily to engage in its cultivation when convinced of the comforts and gain derivable from it. Gardening is a pursuit adapted alike to the gay and the recluse, the man of pleasure and the lover of science. There is no taste so perverse as that from which the garden can win 'no attention, or to which it can afford no pleasure. He who greatly benefited or promoted the happiness of mankind in the days of paganism, was invoked alter death and worshipped as a deity : in these days we should be as grateful as they were, without being so ex- travagant in its demonstration; and if so, wo should indeed highly estimate those who have been the improvers of our horticulture; "for, as Socra- tes says, " it is the source of health, strength, plen- ty, riches, and honest pleasures." — Farmers' Ency. clopedia. GARDENING. There is not in the arts and sciences one link of their circle so suitable for the* occupation of man in a state of innocence, as that which embraces the cultivation of plants ; and it is an instance of the beneficent providence of the Deity, that he assign- ed a garden as the dwelling of our first-created pa- rents. It is no consequence of the fall of Adam that plants require cultivation : he was placed in Paradise to till and to keep it. Then the weed had not sprung up to render the tillage toilsome; fruit trees which God had "planted," were the chief objects of care, and it was an employment without much labor, combining the preservation of health with amusement, pure without insipidity, constant without sameness. From that period gar- dene have never ceased to engage the attention of man; and even now, that their labors are manifold, they still alford the "purest of human pleasures." He is no philosopher who neglects a certain CHANGE IN SOIL BY GRAIN CROPS. To discover the nature of the change produced in rich pasture land by a course of grain crops. Air Sinclair made the following valuable experiments : "A space of 2 square yards of rich, ancient pasture land was dug to the dejilh of 8 inches : 400 grains of this soil, freed from moisture and green vegetable fibres, contained — Calcareous and silicious sand. Decomposing vegetable mailer, Carbimate of lime (chalk,) Silica (flint,) Alumina (clay,) Oxide of iron. Soluble vegetable matter and sulphate of lime (gypsum,) 102 Grs. 55 160 50 25 4 400 "This soil was then cropped for five seasons al- ternately, with— 1, oats ; 2, potatoes; .% wheat; 4, carrots ; 5, wheat. It was then again examined, and appeared to consist of — Calcareous and silicious sand, 100 Gra. Decomposing vegetable matter, 48 Carbonate of lime (chalk,) 159 Silica (flint,) 57 Alumina (clay,) 26 Oxide of iron, • 5 Soluble vegetable and saline matter, 3 Loss, 2 400 Showing a very considerable diminution of the vegetable and animal matters, particularly when it is considered that the turf was incorporated with the soil. — Far. Encyclop. 10 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, JULY la, 1843. A n DRESS At the Annual l't — t:lose, with ; ' arp edges as if just from the plane. Soon after this I re- painted the house and set trees lo shade the west end, where 1 found it necessary to replace soma of the worn out clapboards. Tlie difference is still apparent, and would now, I think, convince your correspondent, could he inspect the house, of the fallacy of his opinion about the effect of shade as of the preservative eflects of paint, by compar- ing the state of this building with others in the neighborhood of more recent construction, but not affected by shade or paint. It appears to me reasonable that if oil does lead to combustion and to decay, it does nut more so than a hoi summer sun. I have no experience of the preservative effects of a wash of lime, but when I shingled my house in 1841, and built a new barn, I covered the shin- gles on both with a composition, the base of which was lime, alkali and salt, not so much under the impression that it would preserve the roof as well as paint in oil, as that it would render it less com- bustible and diminish the danger of fire from fall- ing sparks, and would be a cheaper cover. I can- not yet speak of its preservative efl^ects. M. Parsonsjidd, Me., June 10, 1843. Oceans of ink, reams of paper, and disputes in- numerable, might have been spared, if wranglers had avoided lighting the torch of strife at the wrong end ; since a tenth part of the pains expend- ed in attempting to prove the why, the where, and the when, certain events have happened, would have been n.ore than sufficient to prove that they never happened at all. — Lacon. voii. Axii. WO. a. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 13 SMALL FARMS. We are irlnd that tlio fanners lliroiigliout llie country are discussing tliia subject with so much of intere.-it and earnestness. For a Inn^ time we haro indulged in extrava- gant fancies in every tliinj;. Larpe possessions und lar^e wealtli — lliese were counted essential, and few were tlie men who cmild toil contentedly on small farms and be From tlie Boston Cultivator. APPLE WORM— CURCULIO— PLUM GRUB. Mr EJitiir — The apple-toorm, as it is commonly called, and the leUilisk gruh, that is found in plums, are two entirely different insects. The former is a kind of caterpillar, is provided with si.vtcen ]cr;s, and like other caterpillars, has irms and Oe sat.sHed w,th a limited bus/- j the power of spinninr; silken threads, wherewith it ness But the experience of the last few years make., its pod or cocoon when it leaves the wind- has taught »s all, that money, beyond that point | fallen fruit. It changes, within its cocoon, to a wh'ch .secures us independence, is not an element i chrysalis, and finally to a little brown of happiness or progri's-.^. \'. hen sought for, for Its own sake, it is fver a means of evil. Nor can it be otherwise, if grasped at to gratify a low so- cial ambition. Three truths have made slow, but sure progress among all classes ; yet among none more than the agriculturists. We may mention the growing di.f short pieces of boards near the vines, you will find these two kinds of bugs seeking shelter under them during the night. Early in the morning (he most sensitive gardener may take up a couple of these shingles and crush the bugs that will be foUnd adhering to the under side of them, without staining his finders or otTending his nose. — Mass. Ploughman. Sassafras Mead. — This is a very wholesome, pleasant, and cheap beverage in warm weather. Mix gradually with two quarts of boiling water, three pounds and a half of good West India mo- lasses, and a quarter of a pound of tartaric acid. Stir it well, and when cool, strain it into a large jug or pan ; then mix in a quarter of an ounce of essence of sassafras. Transfer it to clean bottles (it will fill about half a dozen,) cork it tightly, and keep it in a cool place. Have ready a box con- taining about a quarter of a pound of carbonate of soda, to use with it. To prepare a glass of it for drinking, pour a lit- tle of the mead into \ tun Sler, stir into it a small quantity of soda, and thoa add sufiicient ice-water to half fill the glass. Give it astir, and it will immediately foam up to the lop. It is unnecessary to say that the tartaric acid, the essence of sassafras, and the carbonate of so- da are to be obtained from the druggists. — Miss Ltslie. The mind, like the eye, sees all things rather than itself, and philosophers, like travellers, are often far better informed as to what is goini' on abroad than at home. — Lncon. The Cigala. — This insect, commonly called the Locust, is said to be poisonous. We have seen several accounts recently, of death caused by their sting. Some writers allege that there are two kinds, the singing and the silent, and that the for- mer are harmless. We had supposed that the singinj was peculiar to the males. The female Cigala does not sing. Her operations in splitting the bark of twigs, and boring the wood preparatory to depositing lier eggs, is exceedingly curious, and may easily be seen on almost any day, by those who will patiently watch her operations. The lo- cust has usually been considered liarmless, and as such, has been handled by children in their play and by adults, without injury, so far as our person- al knowledge extends. If any of them be poison- ous, tlie fact should be generally known Pough- keepsie Jour. A'ew Use for Porkers. — At Cincinnati, they have commenced the manufacture of a very neat and useful article of floor and hearth cloth, from hog's bristles or hair. They are first softened by immer- sion for a given time in lard oil, and then spun and wove into cloth, with the different arrange- ments of natural colors that fancy dictates. — Pitts- burg Jlmtr. 14 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, JULY 18, 1843 ASn HORTICULTrRAL REGISTER. Boston, Wednesday, Jhlt 12, 184*. THE H.\Y CROP— HOEING. We have for the past week been among tlie liay- makfrs, on lands svitli wl.icli we are familiar, and we find less gra.s on the old fields— Uiat is, fields that have been under the seylhe two or three jears— than we ex- pected. The natural grasses, while clover or honey- suckle, and white-top or June grass, usurped, to an unu- sual extent, the sowed or cultivated grasses, and during the hot and dry weather of the last days of June and the first days of July, these natural grasses ceased to TOW and the crop on such lands will be less than usual. On reclaimed meadows and other lowlands, and also on gcr of perishing, though not without some suffering lands in a high state of cultivation, the crop is good. In rains and dews have formed and the destruction of the weeds, is better for the crops in their present stage than deep working. Though in June— especially in the early part of it, we think well of working deep. INSECTS. These arc numerous — more so than in most seasons — and are doing much havoc. We notice in many fields that the herds-grass or timothy is attacked to a greater extent than we have ever seen hofore. What the ene- my is we know not, but he culs off the stalk a foot or more below the head ; the lop of course dies and be- comes perfectly white. Sijiinsh Bugs.— The jellnwbug has nearly finished its harm to early vines. He does not relish iheni well after the leaves become large and tough — and at that time the vines will endure his gnawings without dan- crop, and for the last few years has generally done bet- ter than other grains. Can any one assign a cause rgpt the hoeing. It is often difficult to decide whether one will lose most by omitting the haying or Ihe hoeing, when both v»ant attending to. In most seasons it is better to let the hay- ing be postponed, though it do require a good deal of selfdenidl to let the scythe hang idle upon a bright morning. The benefit to the corn, potatoes and roots, from stirring the soil, and destroying the weeds season- ably, is greater than farmers generally estimate it, and ihey must, if possible, have this work attended to. / The manner of doing this work is a point that merits thoui'lit and observatiim. The most common practice has been to plow as deep and stir the soil as deep at the last time of hoeing as at the first. To this there are rea But the large black hug which girdles the vine itself, ofien taking the bark entirely around and poisoning, if it does not kill— this bug is now in the midst of its mis- chief. The best way of combatting this enemy we have recently mentioned and now give again. It is to lay down an old shingle at each hill. The bugs will go under this to pass the night, and in the morning early you may find them collected there, and may kill them with despatch. But the other enemy which is yet to come, or yet to do iis harm, we know not how to fight. A fiy deposites an egg or eggs on the stalk of the vine in June or July, and this hatches and furnishes a worm, which works its way into the heart of the vine and there eats up and down, till the vine dies. Fur the last two or three years we have seen our vines flourish till August, and get to be four or five feet long, when suddenly they would droop and die. This worm did the mischief; and probably he will repeat his ravages this year. How to prevent him we should be veiy glad to learn. Ruse Bug. — We have had but little injury from this annoyer for several years in the vicinity of Boston ; but v.'e were told last week by a gentleman from West- boro', that he has lost all his grapes and all his apples by them this season. Apple Tree Borer. — The eggs of this destroyer are now probably on the trunk of the tree, and the most of them are near the ground. A strong ley, or a strong solution of potash put on, will probably destroy very many of these eggs. This, in many towns, is a great destroyer, though we have never been troubled with it, and it has never done extensive harm in Essex county. MR COLMANS AGRICULTURAL AND HORTI- CULTURAL TOUR. In extracts from English papers, we have already in- formed our readers that Mr Colnian, the late Agricultu- ral Commissioner of this State, has reached England. His own letters now inform his friends that he arrived safely and in good health, and that he has commenced his examination and survey of the English farms. The Royal Agricultural Seciety. have offered to render him every aid in their power, to further the accomplishment of bis survey. The work will give a detailed view of the English, French, Flemish, Swiss, German and Italian liiisbandry, and also of the Labor Schools and Experimental Farms. The work will consist of eight or ton numbers, and the price will be fifty cents. It is expected the first No. will be ready for delivery early in the ensuing winter. Arthur D. Phelps, of this city, is the publisher of the work, and will receive subscriptions for it, and altend to any other business of Mr Colman's during his ab- sence abroad. Messrs. Saxton & Miles, 205 Broadway, are agents for the work in the city of New York. Francis W. Wilcox has been appointed travelling agent. From this visit abroad by Mr Colman, we on tills side the Atlantic may expect to derive much instruction and pleasure. The energy and perseverance ol Mr Col- man, as a traveller and observer, and his industry and faithfulness in recording what he learns, are scarcely equalled in any other man of our acquaintance. Add to this the flow and richness of his style as a descrip- tive agricultural writer, and we have reason to expect from him as inleresling a work upon the agriculture of Europe, as could be furnished by any other American writer. WINTER RYE. This crop will soon be ready for the sickle or cradle, son'abieobjecti'ons" Vow the fibrous roots of the corn ! We prefer cutting a few days earlier than most farmers and potatoes have extended deep and wide. And if you j ''"•<; <^"' '" '"""^^ P"'*'; The keriiel dries as plump, the break these roots after the corn spindles and the potato blossoms, new roots do not form, lo any great extent, liul the plant gives its nourishment after this time mostly to the fruit. Rend the roots, and you hasten the forming and ripening of the fruit, but you cause the fruit lo be smaller. Early in the season, roois may be cut and rent without much harm ; perhaps wiihout any ; for new roots will be formed. Bui it is injurious to ihe crop to cut the roots when the plant is so far advanced that new roots will not form ; corn and potat')eB g<;ner- ally are in that stale now, and consequently the work- in" among them should he nothing but a scratching of the surface. We do not like either the plow or the cul- tivator among corn so late in ^the season as this. A light — n very light harrow, is preferable to cither. The merely breaking up of the surface crust, which the meal is sweeter, and the waste is less. As soon as the kernel has become firm and solid to the centre, without being dry, and while there is yet some little greenness to the straw, is the best lime for cutting. As far as we have noticed, (and we have been into six or eight fields,) the grain of ihe rye promises to be good ; the heads are of fair length, and on all grounds that slope, the crop will be good, but generally, though not universally, on flat grounds, and on spots a little dishing, the winter killed out so much that the grain is thin. This harm extends wherever we have seen the fields of New England, excepting along the shore of the Sound in Conneciicut. In our boyhood we saw no rye growing, and it was believed lliat it would do nothing along the sea-coast of Massachusetts. But it is now becoming a coalmen MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [The lenglh of the Horticultural report of Saturday's exhibition, compels us to deler a part of it till our next.] EXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES. Saturday, July 8, 1843. Fine specimens of the early Scollop Squash were ex- hibited by Jlr J. F. Trull, Dorchester. They were the first of the season, being a very early production. Excellent Tomatoes, very early, exhibited by J. F. Allen, Salena. For the Committee, JNO. C. HOWARD. The following are the aw.irds of the Judges for Pinks and Roies, exhibited for premium on the 1st inst. : Pm/.-5. — 1st premium of $4, to Samuel Wnlker. •M " of a, to Win. Mcller. Judges — Sam'l R. Johnson, Sam'l Sweetser. Roses. — 1st premium, in class No. I, lo Hovey & Co. 2d " " " to S.R. Johnson. 3(1 " " " to Joseph Brcck. 1st premium for the best display of flowers, class No. 2, to Samuel R. Johnson. There was no competition for the 2d premium. Judges— John F. Allen, Wm. Wales. Notice. — The premiums for the best display of flow- ers of Carnations and Picote.es, will be awarded on Sat- urday next, loth inst. Per order, S. WALKER, Ch'mn. [p=Cur thanks are due to Luther Tucker, Esq., for the volume of Transactions of the N. Y. Stale Agricul. Society in 1842. We shall copy freely from it. O'The premium list of the Westboro' Agricul. Soci- ety has been received, and we will insert it euon. VOL. XXII, NO. a AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 15 TIIKK.MOMETKICAL Rttpurfedlot the New EngUind Karnier. It mgeof ihe I'liei momeler :it the (Jaideiiuf the proprietors of lli^ New Enghinil I'ariiier, nrighton, Mass, in x sliadud Nort ie,'ly(j)q>oaiire, forihe week ending July 9. July, 18-13. 7,A.M. 1 12, M. 1 5,P.M. 1 Wind. ^ i»ndav, 3 63 66 62 N. '1 ucsdav. i 56 76 71) N. W. We liidsdny. 5 62 56 63 ts '1 liiir>-day, 6 64 74 63 N. Kii Ijy, Saiurday, 7 S3 73 M s. 8 60 76 72 N. W. fiund.iy. 0 56 79 72 N. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. An advance lias been realized in this article ; the few re- maining lots in the country have come to market, during the past week, and found ready sales. 1st sort Mass. 1342, lb. 00 a 15. 2d do. do. do. Ofla 13. HAV, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed Sio to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c. — New 6 to 7. EGGS, II a 12. tniKJlll'ON MARKKT.— MoNDAT, July 10, 1843. Reported Tortile i\. E. Farmer. At Market 30U Beef Cattle, 15 Cows and Calves, 2000 Sheep and 30 Swine. I'liicES.— BeefCntlle. — We quote First quality, $4 .50. Secnnd quallly, $4.00 a $;4.2.'j. Third quality, $;3.75 a a $4.25. Cows and Co/res— Sales $16, $10, $24 and f2tJ. Sheep- — Lots were sold from $1.00 to 2.23. Swine. — No lots sold. Lot retail 4 a 5 1-2. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected uilh great care, -weekly. SEEDS. Herds Grass, go 00 to 2 50 per liushel. Red Top 43 to 50 cents, (.'lover— Northern, uo to 12c. — Southern, 0 a 9 c. (■'la.t Seed, Sp 00 per liusliel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Canary Seed, S4 50 per bushel. GR.il.'V. Duty, Corn, Rye and Beans, free 5 Barley 20 !nt.; Oats 20 per cent. 'he market closes very heavy for yellow flat Corn ; full 23,0iK bushels afloat unsold. Corn — Northern, old, bushel 61 to 62— Southern, round yellow, old, 00 a CI — Southern flat yellow, new, 58 a 60 — do. do. while 53 a 53 — do New Orleans, 50 a 53 — Barley UJ a 01 —Rye, Northern, iM a 70— do. Southern, GO a 62— Oat.s, Southern, 30 a 31 — Northern do. 32 to 33— Beans, per bushel 1 00 a I 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 25 -Bran, 15 a 18. FLOUR. The dullness in the New York market has produced a corresponding effect here, and prices are less (irmly su.'tained. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 nios. cr. S5 50 a 3 75 — do. wharf, SO 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, S.5 62 a 5 75— Phila- !c CO. June 7, 1343. The Revolving Rake which has been in general use in most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most useful and labor saving machines now in use One man and horse with a boy to lead, will rake on an average from 25 to 30 acres per day, with case, and do the work well. They are coming into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years supersede the use of the common hand rake. There is a great a.lvanlage in this rake over all others, as the person Using it does not have to stop the horse lo unload the rake. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Slore Nos. 61 and 62, Norlh Market Street, Boston May 24. JOSEPH BRECK ct Co. 16 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. rjri«Y 12. 1843. I S C £ L L A N E 0 U S mY COUNTRY 'TIS OF THEE. My Country! 'tis of thee Sweet laiiJ of liberty— Of thee I sintr : Land wliere nur Others died ; Liiiid of tlie pilgrim's pride; From every niountain-side, Let Teiiiperaiico ring. My native country ! tlie Land of the noble free— Thy name I love; I love thv rocks and rills, Thy woods and temided hills: Mv heart with rapture thrills, Like that above. Let music swell the hreeze, And ring from all the trees, Sweet temperance' song : Let mortal tongues awake, Let all tliat breathe partake, Let rocks their silence break, The sound prolong. Our fathers' God! to thee— Author of liberty! To thee we sing: Long may our land be bright, With Te'mperance' holy light- Protect us by thy might. Great God,' our King ! nway on one side for about ten days, he thought he 'd just take a look at t' other side, and when he trot round, he found a man there who had been cut- Tim^ at It for three weeks, and they 'd never heard one° another's axes. And I 've heard tell, (though I somewhat doubt thnl story,) that the Ohio pars- nips have sometimes grown clean through the earth, and been pulled through by people on t'other side." " Wal, now," says the Yankee, " I rather guess you've said enough— vour's is no doubt a tall country, but 1 do 'iit b'leive all what you say about it. Ho'w 'd you hke to trade (or some clocks to sell out west ':" "Never use 'em— we keep time altogether by pumpkin 'vines. Vou know they grow just five feet an hour, and that's an inch a minute. So we can 't trade, no how." The Yankee gave up beat, and suddenly cleared out. — Erch. pap. The Hoosier and the Yankee.— We were greatly amused, not long since, at a dialogue we heard be- tween a Downeaster and a Hoosier from the West. They wore respectively " cracking up" their own localities, and " running down" their opponent's. At length, says he Hoosier — "Why, our land is so rich, there's no comparin' it with liny thing on airth. Why how d' ye 'spose we make our candles?" " Do n't know," said the Yankee. "We dip 'em in the mud puddles," says the Hoosier. "Yes," replied the Yankee, " and I guess there is n't many places iu your diggins where a man could n't dip candles in mud puddles, I have heard of a man travelling on your roads all day long where ihe mud was so deep that you could n't dis- kiver a glimpse of his legs for hours together." " Well now, stranger, just tell us if it's fact what they say about the stones in your parts. They do say there are hull counties down east, where the stones are so thick that they have to sharpen the sheep's noses, so that they can get them between the rocks to eat grass." "There's no doubt but we have consider'ble many stones in our country, but then travellers on our roads ain't in danger of being way-laid and his blood taken by muskeeters as big as oysters. And now suppose you tell us about your own country, as you're the only man I ever see from the West, that had n't got the fever n'agurso that he could n't talk." " Wal, stranger, I can tell you all about it. If a farmer in our country plants his grounds with corn and takes good care on 't, he 'II get a hundred bushels an acre ; if he tnkes iniddlm' care of it, he 'II get seventyfive bushels an acre ; and if he don't plant at all, he's sure of fifty. The trees grow so large that 1 once knew a man who com- menced cutting one down, and when he had cut ^ fjint. Mr Estabrooke, formerly clergyman of Athol, in this county, was well known for his wagTish turn of mind, no less than for his fervent, unaffected piety and genuine benevolence. 'I'here are many anecdotes connected with his long minis- try—and he died at a very advanced age— which are well deserving. Towards the last of his life, a proposition was made in parish— or as it, then was, in town meeting, to increase his salary to an amount corresponding with the increased e.xpenses of living, and the increased wealth of the society. The inJtion was in a fair way of passing, when, to the surprise of every one, the old gentleman rose and begged his friends not to vote a. larger sum for him. ife asked it as a favor of the parish. Some one inquired if it was not the fact, as had been stated, that the present salary was insufficient for his support. Mr K. admitted this, but begged that they would not vote him a larger sum. His friends pressed around him to inquire the reason, which he declared was peculiar and of rather a private nature. On being pressed, however, he stated his inducement to the course he had taken. He declared th;it he was opposed to voting any more money, because it mas difindl for him to get what had formerly been voltd ! The people were set into a roar of laughter— the increase was voted, and what was belter, promptly paid,—Barre Gaz. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements have lieen matte the pnst year in the form and workmanship of lhes.e Ploughs ; Ihe mimlri Ik ard lias hcen so formed as to lav the furrow roviplelely orcr, tuTnuj\^ in every particle. of grass or siuihtp, and ceavins the ground in tlie best possible vianncr. The length of the mould hoard has hf n very imieh increoscd, so that the Plough works witli the greatest ease, hoth with respect to the holding: and the team. The Coininiuee al the late Iriul of" Ploughs at Woreester, say, " Should our o])inion he asked as to which of the Ploughs we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo the inquirer, it your land is mostly light and easy to work, Iry Prouly & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard orracl.y, BEGIN WITH Mr. Howard's,'' At the aliove mer.f.oned trial the Howard Pl"Ugh did more irorb, jriih the same pmrcr of team, than any other plough c.rhibitfd. No oilier turned more than Iwentyse.'eB and one half inches, lo the 112 Ihs. draught, while the Howard Plough turned t7cent}/nine and one half inche Howard I'tough turned ucenii/nine anil one naij inches, to the same power of leant ! All acknowledge ihnl Howaril's Plonglis are much the strongest and most substantially made made. There has heen quite an improvement made on the shoe, or land side of ;iiis Plough, which can he renewed without having to furnish a new Uindsiile^ this shoe likewise secuies the mould hoard and huidside t(jgelher, and strengthens the Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to St5. A Plough, sufficient for breaking up with four caltle, will cost ahont SlO 50, and with culler Si, with wheel and cutter, S2 60 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at Ihe New England Agricultural Warelio:ise and Seed Sunt, Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, hy JOSKPH BRECK & Cf>. BVRDES'S IMPROVED PATEXT HORSE SUOKS. The suhscriher lakes pleasure in announcing to the puhhc, llial afier years of study and hihor he has perlected his machinery for the iiiinufacture of HORSE SHOES, which he now offers at the price of Horse Shoe Iron in lar of equal quality, thus saving the expense of making, (which amounts in all cases to the first cost of Ihe iron.) besides the Shoes are more easily lilted to the hoof, and in no dan- ger of pricking, the holes being all punched at a proper dis- lance from the edge. The quality of the iron is also warrant- ed superior to any herelolore used for the purpose. All persons desirous of testing the great value and supe- rioritvof these over hand made Shoes.by sending S.3 by mail or otherwise, lOO lbs assorted sizes will be immediately for- warded, warranted lo suit the section of the country for which they are ordered, by applying to the suhscriher at the • ks-Kellogg&Go.; Warren, Hart & Lesley, Troy- John Townsend% Lewis Benedict & Co , Albany-^Piersons 1 Co., New York-Charles Smith, No 42 I"-ha street Bnsion-A M n HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Boston, Wednesday, Jult 11), 1843. THE SEASON AND CROPS. The snows remained iipun our grounds until late — la- ter than in almnst any olher year that we remember — and after lliey disajipeared, the rains were copious and the grounds were so wet, that the commencing of field labor was deferred until two or three weeks beyond the usual time of starting the plow. And when we did be- gin to slir the soil, much of it was too wet for profitable working. The wet and cold of the first part of the season, caused the grass lo set thick, and was favorable to the growth of winter grains. But about the 20tli of June, the weatiier became unusually warm, and continued so for ten or twelve days. And in many places no rain lias now fallen since the J6ih of June — though some sec- tions of New England have been refreshed by sliowers. The change from cold and wet to heat and dryness, caused a very rapid and simultaneous ripening of glass, and made the hay crop somewhat less than appearances indicated at the first of July — though we say now, as we did last week, that the crop will be sufficient to pre- sorre us from any scarcity. But the grounds are not in a favorable state for an after-growth or second crop. The heat followed the rains so immediately, that the grounds, even the swarded lands, are baked and hard, so that the grass will not start freely after the scythe, it cannot grow until we are favored with copious rains. The hay crop from high lands has been secured wilh great facility and in good condition. The tilled lands are suffering from lack of moisture ; and those which were wet when plowed in the spring, suffer most. This is the natural and necessary conse- quence where the ground lumps as you work it in spring. These lumps are less retentive of moisture than well pulverized soil. Many farmers in their hurry to get spring work along, will plow and harrow before the soil is dry enough to break ;freely under their instru- ments, and in doing so leave the hind in nn unfavorable state for the growth of iheir plants, and also put it in a condition wliich causes it to become exceedingly dry in the lime ofdrought. It would be bettor to wait until the ground became dryer, before tha plow was put to it. Indian corn has grown rapidly for the last three weeks, and is as forward now as it has been at the same season of the year in the two last summers. The appearances are that this crop may be fair. Potatoes, beets, and roots generally are suffHring from drought. Early potatoes, on high lands, must be small, fqr their growth has already been checked ; and when once checked after the tubers are formed, subsequent rain, however abundant, never causes tht-m to do well: it may improve theio — but we believe it never makes them good in either quantity or quality. The late pota- toes have yet a chance to do well. Frutl. — As far as our observation ex^tends, fruit gen- erally is far from abundant on the trees, And very much of what has been there, the heat has brought to the ground. Peach trees and grape vines suffered much from the winter. Peaches are few on the trees — and the grapes in open culture have not set very well. Ap- ples anil pears are far from being abundant, on the trees generally ilinn have come within the range of our obset- vation, and the crop, we infer, will bo less than an ave- rage one. WET MEADOW OR FRESH HAY MAKING. The natural grasses that grow upon wet lands, make a large part of ibe winter food of cattle upon very many farms. Some of these grasses, as the fowl-meadow, the blue-joint, and generally those that grow on the firmer parts of the meadow and hear seed abundantly, furnish very good food for stock. Lands in which such grasses abound, are as profitable as any on the farm. Hay from such grasses is more allied to the higli land or Eng- lish hay, than to meadow or fresh hay And it may be best cured in the same way that the English is best cured. But the less valuable grasses upon our bog and peat lands, which aie winter food of the slock upon many farms, is not generally relished so well by our animals when it is thoroughly and rapidly dried in the sun and then stowed away immediately in the barn or tlio stack, as it ia if cocked up when but half dried and left to make in cock, or if put into the barn when not more than two-thirds dried, and then well sailed. Either let such hay make mostly in cock, or else mow it aivay be- fore it is dry, salting it well as the mowing is going on. These meadow grasses make better hay when cut young — that is, in the laet week in July or the first in August, than when suffered to stand until September. The early cutting is thought, however, to have a ten- dency to lessen the quantity of grass in future years. If so, the cause of the diminution is, that no new seed is dropped upon the land from year to year, and few, if any, new grass roots get a hold in the soil. If the grasses are suffered to get ripe, before they are cut, such of them as bear seed will shed the seed, and thus make provision for keeping the gra§s undiminished in quanti- ty in future years. Such is the common reasoning : it may be correct, but it does not fully satisfy us. It is a fact that the wet meadows generally give less grass now ^than they did 30 or 50 years ago ; and it is also a fact that we mow earlier than our fathers did. But it does not necessarily follow that early mowing is the cause of the decrease of growth. The meadows are generally becoming harder and dryer — partly from processes in nature, in which the low places retain the decaying and decayed matters that have grown there, and also are the receptacles of what the rains carry down fiom the surrounding high- lands. Here is one cause of tlio hardening of the lands where our fresh meadow hay grows. Another cause, not universal, but yet common, is the opening of ditch- es and partial draining of the grounds. Now, as the grounds become harder and dryer, many kinds of the meadow grasses will die out and this loo whether we mow e.irly or late. Wet lands are the only ones in which they can flourish. We must expect this diminution of the natural grasses, as fast as our wet lands become dryer. When they reach the condition in which the growth upon them is of little value, then ditch thoroughly, reclaim and bring in the English grasses. Thus these low lands are made the best there are for producing hay. Good Suggestion. — Gov. Seward, in his address to the N. Y. State Agricul. Society, said : " You have already wisely employed the agency of association, but the prin- ciple is susueptible of more varied and comprehensive application. Be not content wilh organizing a State Society and county associations ; but organize an agri- cultural society in every school district, and thus secure the co-operation of all our citizens. Such associations, while they would promote agricultural fellowship, and vigorously second etforts immediately lending to the improvement of the art, would watch over the interests of education and of agriculture in the schools, in the pri- mary action of society, and in the legislative councils." MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. IXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. Saturday, July 15, 1843. Carnations and Picotees, by Joseph Bieck & Co., of Boston; John Hovey, of Roxbury ; S. R. Johnson, ot Charleslown; S. Sweetser, of VVoburn ; J. L. L. F, Warren, of Brighton ; and Samuel Walker, of Roubury, In Mr Breck's collection, we noticed several seedling Picotees of considerable merit, some of them deserving of a name. Bouquets, by Messrs. Warren, Kenrick, Hovey and Walker. Roses, and a variety of fine cut flowers, by S. R, Johnson, Charleslown. Dahlias, by Messrs. P. Barnes and J. L. L. F. Warren J. F. Trull, of Dorchester, presented specimens ol Verbena, Roses, Lilies, Dahlias, Carnations, Larkspurs, &c. &c. For the Committee, S. WALKER, Ch'mn. The committee appointed to award the premiums oi Carnations and Picotees, report as follows : That ihe Jst premium for the best display of flowers should be awarded to Joseph Breck (fc^Co. For the 2d best display of flowers, to S. Walker. For the best seedling, to Joseph Breck & Co. ; a beau tiful Picotee. C. M. Hovev, ) , , Ti 1117 r, / Judses. H. W. DUTTON, J = exhibition of FROITS. From J. Hovey, Roxbury ; two boxes of Gooseber riea. From Otis Johnson, Lynn ; six boxes Cherries, viz Black Tartarean, White Bigarreau, Honeylieart, an Bigarrcau Cceuret — very fine specimens. Also, a dis of superb Coolidge's Favorite Peaches. From S. Pond — one boxof Downer's Red Cherry, an one box of Raspberries. From Hovay &. Co. — New Victoria Raspberry, anii one box Ohio Ever-bearing Raspberry. Also, one bo< each of White Grape, Long Bunched and Knight early red Currants. From John A. Kenrick — one box Black Tartareai four do. Red Ox-heart, five do. White Bigarreau Che: ries, and one box Black Mulberries. From J. F. Allen, Salem— one dish of Gross Mi; nonne Peaches, forced, and Ihe glass taken off in Juni Black Hamburg, Wiiite Frontignac, and Black Grapet the last from St. Michael, (Azures)— all very fine. A so, a dish of fino Black Figs. Mr Allen informs us tin he has already picked nearly four hundred figs froi one tree, and will probably pick more than two hundre more. He also exhibited a box of Hovey 'a scedlir Strawberry. It is the third week this gentleman lii shown ibis variety. From George Walsh, Charleslown — 10 boxes of Che ries, of three different sorts, without name, all blaek- one variety larger than the Black Tartarean, and a very fine in flavor and appearance. From J. L L. F. Warren — a fine display of Cherries 10 boxes, consisting of the Black Tartarean, Napoleo Carnalion, and Sparrowhawk's Honey. Also, one dii of Scarlet Nectarines. From N. U. Chase, Lynn — one box of magnifice Black Tartarean Cherries. From John C Howard — Black Hamburg and Whi Chasselas Grapes — fine specimens. Also, Napolei Bigarreau, Honeyheart, and a cherry unknown, ai two boxes fine White and Red Dutch Currants. The show of Cherries has been finer today than any other time this season, and there were so mar competitors, and the fruit so superior, that it will bedif cult to determine who shall stand at the head. For the Committee, JOSEPH aaECK. EXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES. Hill's early White Potatoes — fine specimens — frc A. U. Williams ; also, early Carrots. Fine specimens of Scollop Squash, and good spei mens of Cucumber, open culture, from J. F. Trull, Di cheater. For the Committee, JNO. C. HOWARD. Welting gooseberry ^bushes with fresh lime-wa whilst the sun is shining strongly, will, it is said, destr the eaterpillar. irOL. XXII. KO. 3. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 23 THERMOMETRICAL Rf liortei) lor the New England Farmer. Ilingeof tliel'liermometeiatthe Caidenof the proprietors f III'! New England Farmer, Urigluon, Mnas. in a shaded (ort.ierlye:(po8ure,forlhe week ending July 16. July,1843. |7,A.M. I 12,M. I5.P.M. I Wind. k'onday, I uesday, rVednesday, rhursday, Fri lav, SaiurJay, ijunday, 10 63 86 70 11 66 80 64 12 6lJ 74 64 1.1 5r 73 67 11 M 82 66 15 63 76 63 16 61 73 63 1 s. E. E. E. S. E. E. E. URir.IITON MARKET.— MosDAT, July 17, 1843. Reported for the N. E. Farmer. At Market 295 Beef Cattle, 20 Cow3 and Calves, 1800 Sheep and 100 Swine. Prices.— Bee/ Ca«/e— A small advance was effected DH some qualities We .[uote a few extra $i.7a a 5.00 First quality, $4.50 a 4.(i2. Second quality, $4.00 a $4.25. Third quality, $3.75 a $4.25. Coics and Coircs.— Sales $16, $19, $24 and $30. SAec;>.-Sale3 of lots $1.50 a 1.75, $2 00 and $2.25. Siotnc— No lots sold to peddle. At retail 4 1-2 to G. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, weekly. SEEDS. Herds Grass, go 00 to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top !5 to 50 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Southern, 0 » 9 c. Hai Seed, 8e 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Canary Seed, S4 50 per bushel. GRAIN. Duty, Corn, Rye aud Beans, free; Barley 20 per cent. ; Oals 20 per cent. There has been a good supply of mealing Corn this week, ofhich has caused some reduction in prices. Corn— Northern, old, bushel 60 to 01— Southern, round fellow, old, 00 a 59— Southern flat yellow, new, 57 a 6S— lo. do white 53 a 00— do New Orleans, 50 a 62— Barley )0 a oo' —Rye, Northern, 00 a 70— do. Southern, 60 a 62— Oats, Southern, 00 a 00— Northern do. 29 to 31— Beans, per bushel 1 OOal 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 25 -Bran, 15 a 13. FLOUR. Since the last weekly report the market for Genesee, Michigan and Ohio has been gradually declining, rhe scarcity of Southern Flour, together with a fair ship- ping demand, enables holders to sustain full prices. Sales jf Western have been altogether confined to home trade. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S5 50 a 5 75 —do. wharf, SO 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, $5 62 a 5 75— Phila- ilelphia do. 4 mos. $5 50 a 5 62 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 ino.^. S5 62 a 5 75— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00 —Georgetown, S5 50 a G 00— Richmond Canal, So 62 a 5 75 do. City, SO 00 a 0 00— Petersbargh, South side So 00 a 0 00 do! Country So 00 a 0 00— Genesee, common, cash, S5 37 a 6 44— do fancy brands 85 50 a 5 62— Ohio via Canal, 60 00 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash 35 00 a 5 25. Rye, »3 75 a 4 00— Indian Meal in bbls. $2 00 a 3 25. PROVISIONS. The transactions of the week have been to a considerable extent. Beef— Mess 4 mo. new bbl. S3 00 a 8 50— Navy— 37 50 a 1 75 —No. 1, 7 00 a 7 25— do Prime $0 00 a 0 00— Pork- Extra clear 4 mo. bbl. S13 00 a 13 50— do Clear 812 50 a 12 50 do Mess, 1 1 00 a 00 00— do Prime $9 00 a 950— do Mess from other Stales,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00— Butter, shipping, 0 a 01- do store, uninspected, 7 a 8— do dairy, 10 cts. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do South and Western, 5 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6i — Southern and Western, 5i a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4 a 6— do new milk, 5* a 6|. WOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- pirlalion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, free. All where- of the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 8 cts. per pound. We hear of no sales to any considerable extent of Wool of the new clip in our market ; manufacturers have been purchasing in ihe country at an advance of two to three cents per lb. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 3G a 40 c.--Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 34— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. 1-2 do 29 a 30—1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do 8 a 10— Saxonj, clean, 00— Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10— do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 26 a 30— No. 1 do. do. do. 23 a 25— No. 2 do do do 15 Q 20— No. 3 dodo do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. An advance luas been realized in this article ; the few re- maining lots in the country have come to market, during the past week, and found ready sales. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb. 00 a 15. 2d do. do. do. 00a 13. HAY, 14 10 16 per loll— Eastern Screwed 810 to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New 6 to 7. EGGS, II a 12. CULTIVATORS. Howard's Improved Fixed and Expanded Cultivators, of all sizes. The cultivator is an implement that is coin- in" into very general use in all parts of the country, and serves in a great measure in lieu of hoeing. The teeth are so constructed as to raise the ground, and leaves it very lif hi and free for cultivation, and at the same time destroys the weeds. These Cultivators are best adapted to free and easy ground, for running through rows of corn, potatoes and veg- etables of all kinds, and used in the cultivation of Hops, in- stead of the plough aud hoe, and are found far superior to either. It is likewise well adapted to harrow in grain and wrass seed ; and for ihe many uses to which this implement may be applied, it must be considered one of the most val- uable and uselul tools that is used on a farm, and is coming into very general use. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., Nos. 61 and 52 North Market St. June28. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price 82. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price 62i cts. Feb 15. CHEESE PRESSES. SELF-GOVERNING CHEESE PRESSES— two kinds —lately improved by the Shakers. These are so constiuct- ed that ihey govern and regulate.themselves without weights, and are by far the best presses now in use. For sale at the N. E. Agricultural Warehouse, 61 and 02 North Market street. JOS. BRECK ic CO. June 7, 1843. WILLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED SEED SOW'ER. W'lLLIS has made some considerable improvements m his Seed Sower, making it complete as time and hard study can possibly make il. In using this machine, the farmer may be certain that his seed is put into the grniind, and at the same time in the best possible manner. There has been a great difficulty in machines for sowing garden seeds ; they are very apt to clog up, and the farmer might s;o over an acre of land and not sow a single seed ; but not so with this; it is so constructed that it cannot possibly clog. In using this sower, the farmer can save one half of his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter the expend of the common way of sowing his seeds, and have it done in a much better manner ; it opens the furrow, drops the seed, covers it over and rolls them down. It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Baga, Slangel Wurtzel, Turnips, Carrots, Beets, Parsnips, Onions, &.c. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52, Boston, Market Street. ' JOSEPH BRECK & CO. SATLE'S GARDEN ENGINE, A splendid article, will throw a constant stream of water to the distance of 50 or 60 feet, with great force, and in case of fire would be a good substitute for a fire engine. The most perfect article for the purpose ever introduced. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. May 24. JOSEPH BRECK & CO- RE VOLVING HORSE RAKE. The Revolving Rake which has been in general nse in most pans of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most useful and labor saving machines now in use One man and horse with a boy to lead, will rake on an average from 25 to 30 acres per day, with ease, and do the work well. Thev arc coming into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years supersede the use of the common hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person usin" it does not have to slop the horse lo unload the rake. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse aud Seed Store Nos 51 and 52, North Market Street, Boston. May 24. JOSEPH BRECK & Co. \ 24 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JLLY 19, 1S4.1. MISCELLANEOUS LINES .Iccompanying a Bible — "a Mother's Gift" to her Son. Remember, love, who gave thee lliis, When other days shall come — When slie who had thy earliest kiss Sleeps in her narrow home. Remember, 'twas a mothor gave The gill to one elie d die to save. That mother sought « pledge of lova The holiest for her son ; And from the gifts of God above, She chose a goodly one : She chose for her beloved boy, The source of light, of life and joy. And bade him keep the gift, that when The parting hour should come. They might expect to meet again In an eternal home. She said his faith in that would bo Sweet incense to her memory. And should the scoffer in his pride Laugh that fond faith to scorn. And bid him cast the pledge aside That he from youth had borne, She bade him pause and ask his breast If Ae or she had loved him best. A mother's blessing on her son Goes with this holy thing ; The love that would retain the one, Must to the other cling. Remember! l ia no idle toy, A Mother's Gift — Remember, boy. DATE OF SOME IMPORTANT EVENTS. Astronomy and Geometry brought into England, 1220. Gunpowder invented at Cologne, by Schwartz, 1235. Linen first made in Ensland, 1^C3. Spectacles invented, 1280. The art of weaving introduced into Encland, 1330. Musical notes, as now used, invented, 1320. Cannon first used at the siege of Algeziras, 1342. Muskets in use, 1370. Pistols in use, 1544. Printing invented at Mcnlz, by Guttemberg, 1440. Printing introduced into England, 14G8. Post Offices established in France, 1404; in England, 1581 ; in Germany, 1041. Turkeys and chocolate introduced into England from America, 1520. Tobacco introduced into France, by Nicot, 1560. First coach in England, 15G4. Clocks first made in England, 1568. Potatoes introduced into Ireland and England 1586. The circulation of the blood discovered by Her- vey, 1619. The first newspaper published at Venice, 1630. First in France, lt;31. First in England, 1GC5. Coffee introduced into England, KVll. Tea introduced into England, 1G6C. The steam engine invented by the Marquis of Worcester, IG55. I'^ire engines first invented, 16G3. Turnpikes first made in England, 1GG3. Bayonets invented at Bnyonne (whence their name,) in 1G70. First brought into use at the bat- tle of Turin, 1693. Stereotype printing invented, 1725. New style of calender introduced into England, 1752. Air balloons and Aerostation invented in France, 1782. The mail first carried in England by stage coach, 178.5. The cotton gin first invented in Georgia, 1794. Life boats invented in England, 1802. The first steamboat launched on the Hudson, 1807. The streets of London first lighted with "as, 1814. The first railroad constructed in England, 1827. Daguerreotype painting invented in France, 1838 — JV. Y. Tribune. A Forinnnte Hit. — A preacher in the neighbor- hood of Blackfriars, not undeservedly popular, had just finished an exhortation strongly recommending the liberal support of a certain very meritorious in- stitution. The congregation was numerous; and the discourse being finished, the plate was about to be handed round to the respective pews, when the preacher made this short address: "From the great sympathy I have witnessed in your counte- nances, and the strict attention you have honored me with, I am led to think that some of you may feel inclined to give too much; now it is my duty to inform you, that justice, though not so pleasant, should always be a prior virtue to generosity ; therefore I wish to have it thoroughly understood, that no person will think of putting any thing into the plate, who cannot pay his debts." I need not add that this advice produced an overflowing col- lection Lacon. That which we acquire with the most difficulty, we retain the longest — as those who have earned a fortune are usually more careful of it than those who have inherited one. It is recorded of Profes- sor Porson, that he talked his Greek fluently, nhen his memory had become so impaired that ho could no longer articulate in English. — Ibid. Falsehood is often rocked by Truth, but she soon outgrows her cradle and discards her nurse. — Ibid. BURDEN'S IMPROVED PATEKT HORSK SHOES. The subscriber lakes pleasure in announcing to the public, that after years of study and labor, he has perlecled his machuiery for the niiinulacture of HORSE SHOES, which he now offers at the price of Horse Shoe Iron in bar of equal quality, thus saving the expense of making, (which amounts in all cases to the first cost of the iron,) besides the Shoes are more easily fitted to the hoof, and in no dan- ger of pricking, the holes being all punched at a proper dis- tance from the edge, The quality of the iron is also warrant- ed superior to any heretofore used for the purpose. All persons desirous of testing the great value and supe- riority of these over hand made Shoes, by sending t5 by mail or otherwise, 100 lbs assorted sizes will be immediately for- warded, warranted to suit the section of the country for which they are ordered, by applying to the subscriber at the works— K'-liogg & Co. ; Warren, Hart & Lesley, Troy- John Townsend ; Lewts Benedict & Co., Albany- Piersons & Co., New York- Charles Smith, No. 42 India street Bnsion— A. M 4- B. W. Jones, Philadelphia— and E. Pratt & Brother, lialtimore— where further information may be lind on the subject. HENRY BURDEN. Troy Iron and Nail Factory ) April i, 1343. ) HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. > Great improvements have been made the nasi year in ih form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould b.an has been so formed as to lay the furrma completely odc turmng m every particle of grass or stubble, ar.d.eavins- th ground in the best possible ruavncr. The length of th. mould board has be n very much increased, sS that th. Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect t, .rVl". ;^'h^ ^"w""' ""'"' '^'"^ Committee at the late Ina ol Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Plou.'h' we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say 1. he inquirer, if your lan.i is mostly light an.f easy to work try Prouty & Mears, but ,f your land is heavy, hard orrocLy BEGIN WITH Mn. HowAno's." -' At the above mentioned trial the Howard Plough (K< nwre ^^ork.wilh the samepewer of team, than any othc plough exhbded. No other turned more than twenlysevei hLT, pf T'i''"' \°.'^'' "2 '^'- <>'='"?'•'. while ih. Howard Plovgh turned twenimine and one half inches t. the same power of team ! All acknowledge tha't Howard': Houghs are much the strongest and most substauliall! There has Iieen quite an improvement made on the shoe orlaudsideof this Plough, which can be renewed withou having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secure, the mould board and landside together, and strenglhens th. Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to S|5. A Plouch sufficient for breaking up with fourcalile, will cost abou 4.0 50, and with cutter «!, with wheel and cutler, S2 6( extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, a the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St.lie Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Street, by JOSKPH BRECK & CO. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROI.I.ERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers and moved with a foot treader, is found to be a great improve* ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are beijoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK 4. Co., No. 51 North Market street. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for testing the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK .& CO. AEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEKKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, oi $2 50 if not paid within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank aH subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, without expense to subscribers. TUTTII AND DEWKETT, PR1NTKR3) 21 School Street. 1, AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUnLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH M.IRKET STREET, (Aoricoltuhal Warehohse.j-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. >l.. X\II.] BOSTON, WKDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 2fi, 1843. [NO. •• N . E . FARMER om Transaclions of ihe N. V. State Agiicullural Society. mzR ESSAY ON THE PREPARATION AND USE OF MANURES. Br WILLIS GATLOr.D. .Inimal Miinnres.—A late British writer on ag- ;iilturo says : " Tlie chief use of cattle on an nra- e farm, besides those necessary for the opera- jns of husbandry, is to produce irianiirc for the nd. If the cattle repay their food and the ex- ;nse and rislj attending their keep, the manure is ifficient profit. Even with a moderate loss, they nst be kept, when manure cannot be purchased, he loss, if any, on tlie cattle, must be repaid by e increase of tiie corn crops. Manure is to n rm what daily food is to an animal ; it must be •ocured at any sacrifice." Common barn-yard or able mannro is the kind to which most farmers ust look for the fertility of their farms. This Dnsists of the droppings of the cattle, mi.ved with le straw used for littering in stables or thrown ito the yards for the animals to feed or lie upon, ie coarser hay and weeds refused by the stock, nd the urine of the animals kept in the stables or ards. This is constantly trampled, is usually epl moist if not wet, and is ' finally decomposed, r converted into manure fit for the production of rops. This is the most usual course, but it is evi- ent that there must, in this method, be a serious iss to the farmer, of the more valuable properties f the manure. In this way, the decomposition is ineriual ; a part will be converted into mould i-hile the other will be scarcely acted upon ; the alts and the more soluble parts of the excrements, fhich are the most efficient ones, are dissolved by he rains, and carried off by the drains, or lost in he earth ; and where any considerable degree of leat is evolved, as there will be when the decom- )osition is rapid, or is going on in large masses, ho escape of ammonia, so easily detected by the iniell, shows that the nitrogen, so essential to the growth and perfection of a grain crop, is rapidly Tasting. Preparation. — To prevent these results, and se- :ure the whole benefit of the maiuire, two methods lave been adopted. The first consists in applying the manure fresh, or in a long state, to the fields it is wished to manure, without waiting for it to decompose. In this way, the manure collected in the yard^i during the winter, is removed in the spring, and applied to such crops as require it the most ; and as no fermentation ensues in ordinary cases, until the commencement of hot weather, two sources of loss at least are avoided — those of the washing away of the solub'e parts, or their being carried off in the shape of gas. Where there ex- ists no necessity for retaining manures for other than spring crops, and where the crops cultivated ore sucli that long manures arc suitable for their growth and tillage, this mode of dispusing of ma- nures must be considered one of the best that can be adopted. But in many closes the formation of manures in the yards and stables of the farmer, is going on the whole year ; and preservation in masses, or by being scattered in yards during the hot months, would be to greatly lessen, if not most- ly to destroy its value. Besides, there are some crops, such as some of the root crops, in the culti- vation of which experience has proved fully that rotted or decomposed manure is far preferable to long manure, as much of it is already in a soluble siat'e, and is available to the plants at the time they need hastening the most, which is the period immediately after germination. Long or Rolled. — It is a question of considera- ble importance to the farmer, and one which has been much discussed, whether it was bettor to ap- ply manure in its long state always, or always al- low its full decomposition before using. From his own experience, the writer has been led to doubt the correctness of either of these positions. It seems to be universally admitted that matter, to bo efficient as a manure, must he soluble, and it is clear that the more solid parts of farm-yard manure require to be softened by putrefactive fermenta- tion before they can bo considered in this state. Where, then, the influence of manure is required to be felt at once, as on the turnip, beet and carrot crops, in order to push them forward at the first start beyond the reach of insects, my experience is, that the manure should be in a state reducible to powder, in which condition a large portion of it may be expected to be soluble, and of course at once available by the plant. Wliere, during the fermentative process, the mass has been reduced to a black carbonaceous matter, it may be inferred that the heat was too great, and the manure seri- ously damaged ; on the contrary, if the mass, while perfectly fine, dry and friable, still retains its dark brown color, it will usually be fmind that none of the good qualities have been lost by over-fermen- tation. But where the manure is to be applied to crops which do not require forcing forward in the early part of their growth, but demand as much or per- haps more nutriment at a late period of their vege- tation to perfect their seeds or roots, then experi- ence has shown that it is best to apply the manure without any considerable fermentation lo the soil. Indian corn, potatoes, and the grain crops gene- rally, are of this class ; the two first particularly. The time when corn and potatoes require the most nutriment, is at the time when the ears and tubers are forming; and when manures but partially fer- mented, or used fresh from the yard or stable are applied, the decomposition is comparatively gradual, andlthe supply greatest when most ni'eded. I cannot recommend the application of manures of any kind directly to grain crops, as it has a ten- dency to give straw at the expense of the grain ; and wheat so manured, is far more apt to suffer from mildew or rust, than when the manure, by ap- plication to other and previous crops, has become perfectly incorporated with the soil. In this state, that rapid growth, which is the result of first fer- mentation, 13 avoided by the wheat plant ; and the iiibstances necessary to perfect the berry are al- ready prepared and within reach of the growing or maturing plant. [To be continued.] ROUND, FLAT, OR ENGLISH TURNIPS. These roots, a few of which are urown on most farms, are occasionally cultivated in considerable quantities for stock. We think less well of them for this purpose than any other root. 'i'hey aie less nutritious than the others, and by mid-winter they becimie corky and of little value. For these reasons, we choose lo sow to carrots, beets, mangel wurlzel and luta bagas, all the ground that is to be appropriated to roots. But these must be sown as early as the end of June, and some of them much befiiro that time, and as they often fail to vegetate, or are often thinned too much by the fly or other devourers, there are frequently vacant spots that it may be well ?ioj« to sow to the flat turnip. The ground on which you have had early peas, and oth- er similar spots, may be cleared off any time in Ju- ly, and receive the turnip seed. By attention to this, many bushels of turnips may be grown, for which your cows will thank you in Decojnber. Sometimes it is recommended to sow the turnip seed among corn — and in a few cases this will do. Ifynuhave planted a small kind of corn wjiich does not much shade the ground, turnips may grow large enough to pay for harvesting. The same will be the case when you have many missing stalks — or when your rows are very wide apart But with large corn, thick as it ought to be, the turnips will not become large enough to be worth collecting in the autumn. Moreover, if you have the proper quantity of corn on the land, it is poor economy to put on other crops to rob that of its nourishment. This the turnips will do — if they chance to grow. Turnips generally should be sown in July, though they sometimes do well when the seed is |)ut in the ground as late as the lOlh of August. — Ed. N. E. F. A Gem. — Give us such boys as have been bless- ed with the instructions of a pious mother. This is a qualification for which no substitute can be found on earth. Never would we despair of the child who has been used in his infancy, to hear the precepts of heavenly truth inculcated in the ac- cents of maternal love. Truths thus instilled, live forever in the memory. They are interwoven with all the sensibilities of the soul. They are the fortress of conscience; not impregnable, it is true, but indestructible. They furnish the mind with chords which, in later life, seldom fail to vibrate to the touch of friendly expostulation. Tiiey are as inextinguishable sparks, which being seemingly smothered under a heap of corruption, may be fanned by the breath of friendly counsel, into the pure and genial flame of piety. — Selected. Pay your debts — keep your word — take the pa- pers.— Pic. 26 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, JULY 36, 184: ly to tliG secretion of cream, and its proper and en- lire separation from llie milk. Hence, therefore, it is a bad practice to set tlie pans on the bricli floor of the cellar ; they ouifht always to be placed around on shelves, about three feet in height, and these, al'ipr being well washed with hot water, should be wiped quite dry, that no mouldy evapo- ration nii;;lit tike place to spoil the butter. The air near the floor of a dairy is always iiiipLire, be- ing loaded with acid vapors and putrid exhalations, the density of which confines it to the lowest part of the room ; hence it is that the doors of some dairies are made with lattice-work, that the air near the floor, as well as that near the ceiling, might be ventilated at the same time ; these latti- ces being furnished with sliding panneis, to be kept close in bad weather. The milk cellar ought always to have a northern aspect, and bo well shad- ed by trees, not growing so near to the windows as to impede a dry current of air, or to create a moist atmosphere ; this consideration being of more importance than would readily be imagined. Cellars thus constructed and carefully attended, will, no doubt, supercede the use of spring-houses generally, before many years have passed away ; by which the business of the dairy will be render- ed more agreeable, less laborious, and far less ini- mical to the health of those, particularly of fe- males, whose occupation it is to attend to its nev- er-ceasing duties. T. MILLER. Ddaware, June 13, 1843. From the Farmer's Caliinel. THE -MILK C E L L .A R . It is a cnrious fact, but by no moans unaccoun- table, that in many parts of the country the milk cellar is superceding the spring house — an appen- dage that has always been considered indispensa- ble for the production of good butler, bo the other (jualifications of a farm and its appurtenances what they might. While on a visit to Wilmington, Del., I had oc- casion to remark the excellence of the butter at my friend's table, when he replied, he always se- lected the host cellar butter at market, for the use of his family, giving it as his tirni conviction, that butter made in a cellar >vas far preferable to that made in a spring-house, its great recommendation being, in keeping sweet and good mnch longer, and retaining its fine flavor and color to the last, which spring-house butter would not do. And he observ- ed, it is customary to account for the greater price which some dairymen obtain for their butter in the market, by saying it is cellar butler — instani;ing the fact, in the high character of that made by Mr Bryan Jackson, near Newcastle, who never fails to obtain the top price of the market for his butter he having a cellar that might be taken as a pat- tern. Of course, it is readily admitted that much de- pends on the mode that is adopted in the manage- ment of the dairy, commencing with the breed and feei of the cows, and ending with the manipula- tions of the butter ; but the idea is gainino- ground that the best butter is to be made in a cellar, all other circumstances being equal— a remarkable revolution in public opinion, truly. On reconnoitering amongst my friends, I found that several of thera had substituted the cellar for ihe spring-house, and I do not know one who is not satisfied with the arrangement, except it be where the cellar is dug in a damp soil, or has been most injudiciously opened to the well, the evapo- ration from which fills the room with constant moisture, which may be found adhering to ihe nails, the ceiling and the wood-work, the "shelves, and particularly the inside of the door, causing a damp and clammy feel, and a nauseous, mouldy smell, which the butter imbibes, to its lasting injury : in- deed no good butter can be made in such places. But another revolution is taking place, even amongst the advocates for the cellar: it is no lon- ger thought necessary to dig the cellar very deep, or to arch it over with stone or brick, with an air passage through it for ventilation— a vault, as it is more properly then termed;— it is found sufficient, if the cellar be sunk a few feftt below the surface of the earth, and provided with a widn and shal- low window on each side, the bottom of it level with the ground outside, well protected with ii fine wire guard to keep out vermin, largo flies, &.C., and provided with a close glazed sash, which can be opened and closed at pleasure, by lifting it up to the ceiliiia;, which ought to be no higher than the top of the windows ; so that the air of the cel- lar can he ventilated by opening the windows of the two oppoi^ite sides, according to t.ho way the wind sets at the time, shutting them quickly when necessary; f..r in cold, windy, or damp weather, the sooner the windows are again closed, the bet- ter. Indeed, to the management of the cellar in tl'hi'^H'T'r'."""'?/ ',' V"''' °^ ''^'^^'"^"'^ Will be fit for use. and it will continue for ten to be attributed ; cold and damp uir being unfriend- 1 years as good as butter newly salted. SALTING AND PRESERVING BUTTER. We annex a receipt upon this subject, and will take the occasion to say, that we have no doubt it is a good one, though we should prefer one we have used and know to be good. The paragraph below states that butter packed away as llierein directed, will keep ten years. Upon this part of the subject we cannot speak from any knowledge of our own; but with regard to the time it will keep, put away agreeably to the receipt we shall give, wo ar3 enabled to cpeak advisedly, as our butter was potted in the month of June, and was as fresh and sweet when opened for use in the month of December following, as when first made, having preserved all its richness of flavor. We took six ounces of fine Liverpool blown salt, four ounces of saltpetre, and six ounces of loaf sugar; and after pulverizing the whole, so as to make a fine powder, we incorporated it with the butter, after the buttermilk had been thoroughly worked out, at the rate of one ounce to the pound ; then packed it away in stone jars, the tops of which we covered, first with clean cloths, and then with bladders, so as to completely exclude the air. Thus treated when fresh and well made, we have no hesitation in saying that butter would keep any desirable length of time, though we should be un- willing to risk the opinion that it would keep, as maintained in the receipt below, ten years. Jlmer. Farmer, To Salt Butter — Beat well up together in a marble mortar, half a pound of common salt, with four ounces of powdered loaf-sugar: to every pound of newly made butter, (the nTilk being well drawn off by beating,) put an ounce of the mixed powder ; incorporate it well ; put the butter in pots for keeping. In about a month—not before— it will be fit for use A writer in the Prairie Farmer, published a Chicago, III., enumerates some things which he has seen, as follows. His description, though de signed particularly for the latitude of Illinoir, will in many respects, like the almanac-mnker's calen dar, answer equally well for other meridians : WHO AND WHAT I HAVE SEEN. I have seen farmers that went to the store oft- ener than they went to the mill. I have seen a farmer's wife take the last twentj bushels of wheat from the granary to purchases new dress, when her husband, at the same time had an execution standing against him. I have seen farmers that could go twenty milet to a political meeting, but would not go five miles to an agricultural one. I have seen farmers that had but little excepl " dog fence," but I could not see that they had bet- ter crops than those that had good rail or board fence. I have seen farmers that burned their straw when threshing their grain in the fall, and go begging the same article before spring to keep their stock alive. I have seen a farmer that travelled one hundred and four miles in the course of a year to use his neighbor's grindstone, when two days' labor would purchase one that would last ten years. I have seen a farmer's wife that would prefer sour cream and a "visit," to sweet cream andl home. I have seen young men that could pay ten dol- lars for a " spree," that ifOjiW not pay one dollar for the Prairie Farmer. I have seen a mother that called her child in the cradle a " brat," and in two years the child called her a harder name. I have seen a farmer in Illinois that cut down thrifty saplings in his door-yard, and then set out others in their place that would require ten years' growth ere they would present the same beautiful appearance. I have seen many farmers that would drink slough water, and have the ague six months, when four days' labor would dig a good well. 1 have seen farmers' daughters that were "very accomplished" in every thing except carding, spin- ning, weaving, knitting, churning, making cheese, cooking, etc. I have seen a farmer " put in" 80 acres of crops, and was under the necessity of purchasing grain for his family most of the year. I have seen those that will stick up their noses at what 1 have said. j_ Isle on the Prairie, June fi, 1843. Cranberries— In some parts of Michigan, in northern Indiana, and in Wisconsin, about the Wisconsin river, great numbers of this fruit are found growing wild. Those brought from the Wisconsin are the finest we ever saw. VVc doubt whether so large a product with so little trouble and expense, could be realized from any other source, as from this fruit. Considerable attention has been given to cranberry cultivation in some parts of Massachusetts, and with great success. Patches of land good for nothing but frog pasture have been rendered more valuable than'the best adjoining lands, by this means. This is a fruit with which there is very little danger of glutting the market. The appetite for them "grows with what it feeds upon." — Prairie Far. VOI-. XVII NO. 4. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 27 GRAFTING VINES. 1 The fullowing from a French paper will be found itercsting to lliose engaged in tlie cultivation of j 16 vine : i O-v Graftlng Vines. — A well-planted vinc- ard lusts from fifty to sixty years, often longer, nd during all that time bears well, if proporly at- ended lo.° But it is not in full bearing until the ixth or even the seventh year. This inconve- lirnce, which falls heavy on the planter, is reliev- d by grafting. In certain districts of the dppartnients of Bou- hes de Rhone, Gironde, Cole d'Or and L'Yonne, 'rafting is much in use and very generally liked. Thc''principal aim of grafting is to renew the ine the same season that it meets an injury from i-ost or drought ; or to substitute to a poor plant, a lip of a better quality or different species. Graft- ng, also, as is well known, lias a remarkable pow- .r°of ameliorating the nature of the fruit. It is a rery ancient art ; when applied to the vine it is ea- ;ily done, and its success certain. The sap of the rine ascends by all the capillary vessels indiffer- ently, without any distinction between the liber, :iirtex or wood ; a particular in which it is very iifferent from such plants as have their conduits of .he sap exclusively between the wood and the bark, rhis peculiar contexture of the vine fits it for slit- jrafting through the whole of the wood. It is un- 'mportant whether the scion be inserted vertically 3T slantwise ; the wood unites to the wood, no matter in what way they are joined. The slit soon fills up, and does not canker as grafted trees usual- ly do. Grafting, it must be said, is only applied to thick large vines ; it has been discovered, at least so the°vinegrowers of Marne insist, that it does not agree with slender ones. "Por grafting the vine, the thickest and the stron- gest lateral wood must be taken ; if the cuttings are of thin twigs they will be likely to wither with the sun and wind. The foot or lower part of a cress-shoot, where there are two or three eyes, very close together, is the kind most likely to suc- ceed ; the wood in such a specimen is solid, fibrous, thick ; and the circulation plentiful and free. These grafts must be cut before hard frost, tied in bundles, and put away in a cellar or vault, or un- der loose earth. The graft should comprise both yearling and two-year-old wood ; the former should be 8 or 9 inches in length, and the latter, which is to form the wedge to be inserted in the root, should be 3 or 4 inches in length. Before undertaking the operation, the vine should be allowed to exhaust the first access of the sap, which is so overflowiugly abundant in the first fine spring weather; because it is rather distilled wa- ter thlin juice, and the quantity would be likely to drown the grafts. It is therefore more prudent to wait, as is commonly expressed, until the vine has done weeping, and which time the buds are so far evolved aj to show the leaves. When speed and economy are to be consulted, two men and a child ten or twelve years of age are necessary. One lays bare the stocks with a hoe to the depth nf sixteen inches, and cleans them sufficiently of the earth around for the ingrafter to work at his ease. One of the workmen saws the stems about six or seven inches below the level of the ground ; while he is thus employed on the first row, the ingrafter shapes his grafts and arranges their., as fast as he fixes them, in a basin, in which there is enough of water to cover entirely the wedges or inserting points nf the grafts ; these points must be three or four inches long, and as slender as possible. The sloping of these wedges, in other words their trimming, should commence immediately below the joint or knot by which the two-yoar-old wood is attached to the yearling wood. The first row being dug down and sawed, tKe ingrafter, with a very sharp grafting-tool smooths the sawed part of the root, makes tho slit, and in- serts two or three grafts, according to the stre^th of the root, and in such a way as to make the se- parations between the grafts as small as possible. It is even more easy and certain not to insert the third graft until after the ligature has been put on. I The ingrafter is followed by the child who hands I him th'o knife, the grafts, or the strings, or osier, ' as they are wanted. The child carries a basket fill- i cd with short mould. The ligature being tied, the inn-rafter lays on a good handful of the mould from the basket, and fills the hole up with loose earth around, leaving only two eyes of each graft above ground. — After this, there are no precautions ne- cessary, save not to derange the grafts during the tillage necessary in the vineyard. The tillage should not be very deep ; nothing more need be done than simply to clear away the weeds by slightly raking the ground. In striving to do more there is a danger of disturbing the new roots that are forming and shooting from the gralts at their insertion. Vegetation is not very obvious upon them until the month of July ; but then the shoots sprout with a surprising rapidity ; and if the eyes above ground were really good buds, they will bear grapes which will be ripe in time for the vintage. Large props should not be put down beside the grafts the first year. The purchase they give to the wind causes a shaking of the ground, that puts back the roots. Slender wands a yard long are quite sufficient for props. To succeed well in grafting, only such species should be joined, as are analogous in their fruit and the texture of their wood. Those kinds that bear thick strong stems will never thrive on stocks of frail and slender branches ; but those varieties that have long delicate atoms will become more vigorous and productive if grafted on those having a coarser, stronger sort of wood. But the white kind should not be crossed with the red ; the grape only loses by it, if intended lor wine; at least the red grape does. There are many species that are ameliorated by grafting, made to bear choicer fruit and also in greater" quantity. And all kinds that will not thrive in the soil, by being inserted into roots that do succeed in it, flourish without difficulty. Calm clear weather is the only lime for graft- ing. If a heavy rain takes place after it, there are many chances against its ultimate success. Then the superabundant moisture makes the sap watery, and too thin to cement and agglutinate the scion to its new root. As soon as the grafts do take, they must be freed from the weeds. The topping of shoot also should not be forgotten. SEED CORN. Now I think of it, r will write you a word on tlio subject of i^eed corn. I happen to think of this subject because I had to buy my seed corn this year at an extravagant price ; and what grieves me worse, it was pr)or. Tiiere is nothing scarcely of so much impor- tance as having good seed, especially corn. Some think if it will only coine, ihnt is enough. But 1 have seen crib corn and good seed corn planted on the same day, side by side, and the good seed corn came several days sooner, and grew much better when it had come. The crib corn did not all come together, but was slinking along, one plant after another, for several days; and much of it looked ashamed all summer. Now all this appears reasonable, when we con- s:d ,'r that a grain of corn contains a young plant whose vitality is very easily destroyed. This young plant is too tender and delicate to stand mucirhard usage without great injury even when it is not killed. We can understand when we set out trees. If, in setting out an apple tree, we should so use it that it could but just make a live of it, we should expect to see the effect of it after- wards. Seed corn should be selected with the utmost care. You cannot be too nice. Just remember that you are taking care of youngp/anfs of the ten- deresl species. As soon as the husks begin to turn on the best ears, you should go over the field and select your seed — husk it immediately and braid it, and keep it where it will be dry and cool. Be very careful not to neglect this till frost comes. Now I expect all the community will heed this exhortation: but if they don't, you and I, Mr Edi- tor, had better save a heap of seed corn, for our neighbors will be glad to pay us double price for it next spring. You may consider the above out of season ; but a great ma'ny, like myself, are suffering by plant- ing boughten seed corn, and I consider the present a good time to call them to repentance for their carelessness and neglect. — Prairie Farmer. Cucumbers are a very favorite vegetable among the Persians. An individual will devour a peck at a silling — eating leisurely for hours, until he con- sumes all before him. They often carry a cucum- ber in their hands as a nosegay.— Fun/iera' Gaz. Items in Domestic Economy.— Use spirits of tur- pentine to remove grease spots from clothes. It dissolves the grease, and then soap the more easily removes it. Grease may be removed from undyed woollen by a solution of pearlash. Lime spots on woollen clothes may be complete- ly removed by strong vinegar. The vinegar effec- tually neutralizes the lime, but does not generally affect the color of the cloth. Dark cloth, the col- or of which has been completely destroyed in spots six inches square, has thus had its original color completely restored. The whiteness of ivory -handled knives may be restored by rubbing them with fine sand-paper or emery. The oftener carpets are shaken, the longer they last, as the particles of sand which collect upon them, grind the threads. Sweeping ihein also wears them. Dry wood will produce, on a moderate estimate, twice as much heat as the same amount of green wood ; and saves much trouble in kindling fires on cold mornings. To suppose that green wood will actually cause more heat in burning than dry, is as absurd as to suppose a vessel of hot water will freeze sooner than a cold one. — ^Ib. Cult. 28 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WKST SUS SEX (EvG.) AGItlCULTURAL ASSOCIA- TION—SPEECH FROM MR COLMAN. The Mark-lane (London) Express .,f June 2fi, contains an account of the .ibove named festival, which, in the absence of any'thing of greater in- terest, we copy in extcnso. Henry Colinan, F.sq., late At'ricultural Coinmissionor of this State, it will be seen was present and addressed the assem- bly in an appropriate and eloquent response to a toast to his health. The Express says : At two o'clock the company assembled for din- ner ir. the Tennis Court, at Waterbeach. The company was honored with the presence of the la- dies of the noble house of Lennox and others of the neighborhood; and his Grace the Duke of Rich- mond presided, supported on the right by the Lord Bishop of Chichester, the Hon. and Rev. L. V Harcourt, and the Venerable Archdeacon Man- ning; and on the left by Charles Scrace Dickins Esq., Col. Charles Wyndham, Mr. Colmnn, and Archdeacon Webber. A very large numiier of the neighboring clergy were also present. Grace having been said by the Lord Bishop, upwards of two hundred gentlemen, exclusive of a large num- ber of the successful candidates, sat down to an excellent collation, served up in Mr. Wood's usual excellent style. The company were preceeded by a band playing " The Roast Beef of Old En-land " Thanks being returned by the Lord Bishop, the cloth was removed. After the usual loyal toasts had been drunk, the Chairman proposed the health of the "Lord liishop ot Chichester, and the Clergy of the Diocese." The Lord Bishop returned thanks. The distribution of the prizes here commenced ; and the Lord Bishop addressed appropriate remarks lo the laborers who obtained his prizes. The Chairm.*n then rose and said— I beg to call upon the Venerable Archdeacon Mannin- to propose the hcshh of the" Successful Candidates." It 13 not, my friends, because I do not feel interest- ed ,n you that I refrai.T from prcpoMpgyo.r health: but because I shall have a great deal of speakin- to-day, and because I know that Archdeacon Mun! ning can speak a great dea 1 better than myself. (Cheers.) ' Archdeacon Manning, on rising, was received with reitrrated rounds of applause. He said— your Grace has rendered the task imposed upon me extremely difficult, not only by reason of my unfit- ness, but by the manner in which it has been in troduced. But, notwithstanding mv feelino- of un- worthine..^ I may not decline the task, lest I should appear to be slack in supporting the objects of the Association. My" Lord Duke, I speak sincerely when I .say that I think none are so bound and l/y their practice and habits, so competent to .spenk on the condition of the poorer classes as the cleray „f the Church of England; and it is for this reason that I accept the present task. Of a 11 men, the cler^ most penetrate into the condition of the workin.r classes No other men ki... w them so well or so thoroucrhly I he clergy know them in the season of adver°sity and see their arduous struggles with regard to ihei^ worldly e.,tate. I mny say this, though J be the east of the body of the clergy here present, as to the knowledge of their conditron. Although this IS an Association for the promotion of agric'ulture yet in us terms there is recognised the base upon which all property rests. It reminds us that prop- erty has its duties as well as rights. We are too x\ E \V ENGLAND FARMER, JULY 36, 1843. -re-s"; and it is" as true n Z a ! L ,1 " ' FT '" ''T'' ' '"''' ' ""'' ' "^ "'- •'"'- tl-tscarcelyanythi ri, L':,^\r''":?'''"""' ° ^--harge a duty which we owe to the nobi dcnce of G^l tliL i^p::::::sZ":!^;^;^/'y:;, t::!::!Z '^^'^^^-^ ^-^ f neouragement of this A these considerations render it of infinite importance that men should be reminded that these posses- •sions are not committed to them, to you, my lord duke, and to others, for your own gratification but that they are coupled with responsibilities w'hicl z:zrz":^:':.j-"'b''- - - •---".- r.s';::.-;;„^:". you hold them as a charge, for which account must be given at the great and awful day. There was a time in by-gone days, rudo though it mi"ht have been, when the lord of the soil looked not^mly up- on his castles and broad lands, but also upon his laborers as objects of his own peculiar care, and with all his faults, felt that he ought to make pro- vision for the spiritual interests of his people. Al- I though, it may, perhaps, be considered an ill choice I to touch upon such a subject at the present meet- ing, I will take upon me to say, that although we may advance our agriculture, or extend our com- merce and manufactures, yet, be assured, posterity will look back with the greatest satisfaction and pride to those lords of the soil, on which churches were built and provision made for the moral and religious improvement of the people. I think I may gather that this Association recognizes, as the most prominent object of pursuit, the promotion of the moral conduct of the people ; and I am sure that in so doing you take the surest mode of pro- curing prosperous fields, and that you will he am- ply repaid for all, in the happiness difTused amontr the people. If we doubt this, we have only to look at other lands, or to those districts of our own, where towns of immense extent have, within a •comparatively short time, sprung up in the room of village-s "■lieie .property has been accumulating, and the moans of moral and religious leachina ave not been procured, where the mass of the po° pulation have been festering in their unsoundness. Let us call to mind t'le t'. :ju.s of last year when sociution, by doing ourselves the honor of drinl ing his health. It has I.een observed that this i an association, the objects of which are such as ar best calculated to promote the welfare of the la boring classes of the community. But whcthe this orothers be the best, we all know that ih often t the streets of the towns were reeking witlijthe blood ot their inhabitants, and remember that the neglect of those responsibilities which attach to property will recoil upon us with redoubled force. This great moral principle lies at the root of this Asso- ciation ; and because it gives pledges on the part of the clergy and laity to promote this object, I advocate it. I should, however, be greatly want- '>,z in gratitude, did I fail to testify the zeal with "hich the laity, whether high or low, have assisted me in the promotion of this object. lean speak from my short official connexion ; and my convic- tion founded upon an experience of two years is this, that there is no class of men more careful of the moral and religious condition of the Iaborin. 4. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 29 advance the interests of the honest and indns- ioiis men who are now present. 'I'o yovi, the riiifrs, mid to you, the honest men at the oilier id of iho roi>ni, who huve So heartily respomled the toast, I return my thanks. The manner in hich yon received it will always make nie an.v- ns to do my dnly in the station in which I am aced by Providence ; and I entirely agree with I that fell from Archdeacon Manninijon this siib- ct, that serious responsilulities devolve upon pos. ssors of property. I see around me many sons the old farmor.'i, who, in times past, rallied round c; and I drink to your health and happiness in lur domestic circles. (Wis Grace s:tl down amidst ud cheers.) Mr. Ide rose to return thanks on behalf of the Sncccsslul Candidates," for their health beinij unk ; and in their name to propose the health of Her Grace the Duchess of Richmond," with roe times three. (The cheers of the honest hi- rers made the Tenjiis Court ring.) Ills Grace aeknowledjred the toast ami said — I ank my kind friends for the cordiality with which e Duchess's health has been received. When- er she had been informed of such a circumstance, has always given her great satisfaction, and it ill now be greater when she knows that the suc- ssful candidates requested Mr. Ide to give her allli ; they know they cannot pay me a greater impiiraent than thus to con'pliment one I so sin- ■rely love. As F am unwilling to trespass on )ur time, I shall say no more, but simply thank 111 for the honor you have done her Grace. yieers) The laborers then left the court, headed by the ind, and marched oil" in high spirits, greatly de- ghted with the proceedings of the day. Hij Grace next proposed the health of the Members for the Western Division of Sussex." Colonel Wyndham returned thanks. The Noble President then acknowledged the ast on behalf of the Earl of March, and said that le reason why Ir,! was not present was his having iceiveJ ail ottier from the Horse Guards to attend e inquiry recently instituted at Perth into the rcumstances of the disturbance there. His Grace fain rose and said — I beg to propose the health ' a gentleman from the United States. I have uch pleasure in introducing him to the farmers of usse.\ as one who was engaged in the inquiry in- ' the agricultural affairs of America. I have seen le report of that inquiry, and know that no one luld have written such a work on the subject, un- ss he had been well aware that agriculture was of le fir«t importance in all countries. I had the easiire of introducing him as an honorary mom- ■r of the Royal Agricultural Society ; and I now itroduco Mr. Colinan, who sits by Mr. Dickens, It as a stranger, but as a descendant of those who ere one with us, and as a brother citizen. The isputes with America have been happilv settled ; id let us hope that we may long remain in ami- ible relations with the United States. I ask you ) drink the health of " Mr. Colinan," with three mes three ; and then show your respone to the !ntiments which I have uttered, and may oiir only valry with them be, who can produce the best en and the best fanners. (Loud cheers.) Mr. (Jolinan, on rising to return thanks, was very uilly cheered. He said — It is with iinmixi d gra- ficaiion th.it I return thanks for the kind ■ i^nner I which you have received the toast, and the only difficulty I find is in giving utterance to the senti- ments which oppress me. The noble duke has truly observed that I do not; conic before you as a stranger. Kngland is tha land of my fathers ; and I feel that I can come home to them, and im land- ing nn your shores could say, in the language of one of old, " V'ou are my friends and my bretliri;n." Vou do but echo the sentiments the enlightened .Americans entertain ; they are such as the en- lightened men of England feel towards them. I passed through the war from 1812 to 1S1.5, and can assure you that there were none but felt that it was an unnatural war, and that a thrill of joy, like an electric shock, pervaded all ranks of the enlight- ened Americans at the communication of peace. Since then there have been a few clouds in the sky ; but I have no doubt they will soon pass away. I am sure there was not a respectable man among us who did not rejoice at the successful settlement of the late agitated questions. Permit me to say that my intercourse with farmer^! h»s been very great, but that I have attended no meetings with greater delight than I have experienced on the pre- sent occasion, because so inucli moral effect has been produced. I may say, with the poet, " Man is the nnliler i^rowlh your realms supjily, And souls are ripened in a northern sky." [ iiave been delighted with the distribution of the premiums. I come from a country whose institu- tions diiTer from your own ; but the different insti- tutions are mostly artificial. There must be subor- dination. The head cannot say to the feet, " I h.we no need of you ;" neither the hand to the head, "I have no need of you." It is in the com- bination of the various members that Heaven de- signs there should be harmony. My lord, permit me to observe that from a recent period we may date the feeling of how intimately the welfare of the highest members of society is connected with the improvement of the condition of the lowest. We cannot too highly estimate the effect of the measures pursued this day. It is not merely the distribution of the rewards of industry that consti- tutes the whole; yn-i are now e.o-.ving seeds which are hereafter destined to yield a rich harvest. There is not one of those who have now received their testimonial of your approbation, who will not show his testimony with honest pride to bis chil- dren, who will say, "On such and such a day, my father or grandfather wns an honest competitor at these Associations." There it is as " bread cast upon the waters, which," by the blessing of God, " shall be found again after many days." I feel that I have detained you long. I rm delighted to contemplate the inventions of art, the enterprise of commerce, the advanced improvements of agricul- ture, the accumulations of honest wealth, and the contemplatiim in any form of the heaped-iip trea- sures of science ; but I do sincerely assure yon, that the greatest of all these glories is insignifi- cant in comparison with the advancement of moral virtue and piety. To the promotion of these ends the efforts of your Association have boen directed, and these enhance my feelings of gratitude to God, which have never been more called for than on seeing thi; aged receive the reward of a long life of honesty and integrity. The best object we can have in view, is the advancement of the moral good of our fellow beings. I have taken great in- terest in agricultural pursuits, and the endeavors to elevate the condition of the rural classes ; for in proportion as you endeavor to make them reflect, you not only assist the act, but elevate their minds. Will it be said that any evil would arise from edu- cation ? Is it supposed that education will make Ihem more dissatisfied ? I think not ; but, on the contrary, that they will he better satisfied with their landlords, and if their landlords are not what they should he, God forbid that they should be sat- isfied. 1 come before you with a full heart ; and I do say, that be our condition high or low, our power enlarged or limited, it cannot be so nobly employed as in the advancement of the welfare of our fellow beings. Gentlemen, you have already drunk the health of the chairman; but I now re- peat and call upon you to drink sncceas to the be- neficent landlord, and success to the honest and in- dustrious laborer. (Mr. Colman during the deliv- ery of his address was louilly applauded.) The Noble President then proposed " Prosperity to the Navy of this Country." Lieutenant Webber and Commander Pilkington returned thanks. The Noble President then gave "The Duke of Wellington, [loud cheers) and long life to him ; and may the army of England always look back and emulate the soldiers whom he so often led into vic- torious action." [Loud cheers.) The health of " the Judges" was then given : Mr. Fielder King acknowledged the toast on be- half of himself and Mr. Drewclt and Mr. Smith, and remarked that there was a great improvement in the shearing this year. The Noble President next gave '' Prosperity to the City of Chichester," and coupled with it the name of the Mayor, one of the subscribers and a most earnest supporter of this Association. W. Tichenor, Esq , Mayor, returned thanks. The Noble Chairman then gave the " Vice Pre- sidents"— "The Stewards." "The Secretary, with thanks for his arduous services," was ihen given. Mr. Mason acknowledged the toast, and said that although the company might have the oppor- tunity of seeing more of the successful candidates than himself, yet that he had peiuiiai' opportuni- ties, by personal intercourse with them all, of wit- nessing their honest pride, and the delight they felt at the success they had met with and the kindly feeling called forth towards the supporters of the Association. He regretted, however, that the funds were not sufficient, and called upon all to renew their exertions. The Noble President next proposed " Prosperity to agriculture." I always told you, he said, that the welfare of millions is based upon the success of agriculture, and if agriculture should be much depressed, I feci that our country will be in great danger, because on agriculture is based our com- merce and manufactures. I do not trespass upon politics in saying thus much. I could not suffer you to do so, and will not do it myself; but it ij not a political matter to drink, with three times three, " Prosperity to agriculture, as the basis of the freedom and the independence of our country" — and to assure you that I will do all in my pow- er to support it. The toast was received with loud cheers ; after which the Noble Chairman left the chair, and the meeting broke up. Horses should never stand long on a dry plank floor. Their fore feet, particularly, should rest on something pliable — Mass. Plough. 30 EW ENGLAND FARMER JVL.Y afi, isi; AND HORTICULTURAL RKGISTER. DosTON, Wednesday, July 26, 1843. NOW FOR THE WEI' MEADOWS AND SWAMPS. As soon as llie haying is over and opportunity comes lo do something for llie permanent improvement of tlie farm, lake a look at tlic sunlien and miry pans of your land, which now yield you only vvaler grasses of little value— upon which your cattle, possibly, may live, but upon which they cannot thrive. These beds of ve^'et^i- ble matter, partly ot meadow growlli, and partly ihe wash from the surrounding uplands, are the very best of our soils, for most of the c rops that are produced on the farm. The root crops, perhaps, do not j/cnerally flour- ish as well there as on the uplands, or those of them at least which like to root deep, as the carrot. Though the soil of the recl.iiined land be deep, we have found that Iho roots of plants upon it like to keep near the sur. face. And the carrot there will have large foliage and a larue crown lo tlie root, but when harvested it will be found very prongy, and its form shows that it has been unwilling to go down into the cold pcaiy soil. Beets and rula hagas will grow large upon such lands, but are usuallv coarse and many of them unsound. But corn, potatoes, beans, squashes, iind especially grass, do well. If you have any of these wet lands, look attheni now, and see whether you cannot profifably reclaim them. Should you ask whether we refer to those places where the vegetable deposile is six, eight, or an unknown num- ber of feet deep, and the surfaces of which are very loose and light when you come to work them, or wlielh- er we mean those that have the mud not more than a foot or two feet deep, and that are and will be rather moist and heavy ? — should you ask us this, we should answer, we mean either or both. For general tillage, the deep and loose meadows arc best ; but for grass, the shoal and more tenaceous ones are best, especially if they lie upon a hard bottom. The sho.il ones are gen- erally the easiest to reclaim, and we think them rather the most valuable. But how reclaim.' — what are the procesiies .' The first step, and an essential is, to drain thoroujjhly. You must get command of the water. If this remains stag- nant wiihm a fijot and an half of your surface, the wa- ter grasses will soon reappear and usurp the place of those which you have sown. But how drain .' Do not trust to ditches through the centre, or distant from the shore. This will not accomplish the purpose. Much of the water in our wet meadows, oozes out from the surrounding highland. Therefore all the space between the shore and the ditch is ever liable to be loo wet, even though the distant ditch should bo deep and free. Jit the shore, is the place for a ditch, and the bottom of it, if not the whole of it, should he dug in the firm land — the gravel, sand or clay which forms the basin in which the meadow lies. We know it i.." hard digging in the firm ground — and yet the most profilable place to dig generally is where the meadow mud is not more than e held o rURDAV, the 20lli inst., al ll o'clock A. M. EBExXEZER WIGHT, Jly 20. Ixfcordinsr Stcretarj/. TMEHMOMKTKICAL Reported for llie New Cnt;laii(l Farmer, ngeof the Fhei mo meter a l tlie Garde no f the proprietors i Sew England Farmer, Brighton, Mass, in a shaded ierlyGxii)03ure, forlhe week ending July 23. uly, 1SJ3. 7, A.M. 1 12,. VI. |5,e.Ai. 1 Winij. lay, 17 62 80 66 E. liJV, IS OS 72 76 S. n?s(lny , 19 72 S3 72 W. sday, 20 83 72 62 N. E. 'V, 21 68 SO 67 E. •'lay. 22 63 83 60 E. ■•>■. 23 68 92 83 S. HJH TON MAKKKT.— MoNDAT, July 24, 1843. Keported for llie N. E. Farmer. Market 3o0 Beef Cattle, 20 Cows and Calves, Shei p and lOlJ Swine. tic£s. — f^cef CaWe. — Last week's prices were not ined. We noticed a few extra $4,50 a 4.7.5. — qualitj', $4.25 a 4.50. Secund quality, $4.00 a 5. Third quality, $3.50 a $4.00. xos and Culves—SsXea $15, $19, $22 and $26. Sep — Dull. Lots were sold from §1.00 a 1.75, and 5. 'int. — No lots sold to peddle. A few small pigs peddled. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected uith g-reat care, weckbj. EDS. Herds Grass, $0 00 to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top 50 cents. Clover— Northern, DO to 12c.— Southern, 0 llax .Seed, Sf 00 per Imshel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. 7 Seed, S4 50 per bushel. AIM. Duty, Corn, Rye and Beans, free; Barley 20 nt. ; Oats 20 per cent. ■oughout the week the market has been exceedingly ind prices barely supported. n — Northern, old, bushel 60 to 61— Southern, round f, Old, 5=! a ng — Southern flcil yellow, new, 57 n 58 — 3. white 53 a 00— do Now Orleans, 50 a 52— F.irley 1 —Rye, Northern, 0) n 70— do. Southern, CO a 62 — Southern, UO a 00— Northern do. 23 to 31 — Beans, per I 1 00 a I 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 25 -Bran, 3. DUR. There was a {gradual decline in the market un- e close, when a better demand exhibited itself, and little advance was realized in prices, timore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. 35 50 a 5 75 — do. SO UO a 0 00 do. free of garlic, S5 62 a 5 75— Phila- a do. 4 mos. Ss 50 a 5 62 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 S5 62 a 5 75 — -Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00 raotnwn, S5 50 a 6 00 — Richmond Canal, $5 62 a 5 75 City, SO no a II 00— Petershurgh, South side So 00 a 0 00 CounlrySO OOaO 00— Genesee, common, cash, $5 12 a do fancy brands 85 37 a 5 50 — Ohio via Canal, I 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S5 00 a 5 12. Rye, 1 4 00— ImliaT Meal in bids. S2 00 a 3 25. 3VISIONS. The transactions during the past week lOt been to any great extent ; Beef is more firm, and small lots have realized a slight advance ; Pork is un- ;d in price. ■—Mess 4 110. new bbl. $8 50 a 8 75— Navy— S7 50 a •Nn. 1, 7 no 1 7 25— do Prime $0 00 a 0 00— Pork- clear 4 mi., bbl. S13 00 a 13 30— do Clear Sl2 00a 12 50 .ess, 11 00 a 00 00— do Prime So CO a 930— do Mess plhcr States,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 rgo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00 — , shipping, 0 a 0 1— do store, uninspecled, 7 a 8— do 10 CIS. a 14— Lard, iVo. I, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do and Western, 5 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6^ — rn and VVestern, 5^ a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, •do new milk, 51 a 6|. 01,. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- on shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, free. All wliere- »;• lie exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3cr pound. I The transactions in tlii-. article in market have been very limited in extent, since llie new clip was taken oil", but m the country there has been an animated demana, and an un- usually large quantity nf fleeces have been sold, and in some cases a very considerable advance on the prices of last year has been realized. Pulled wool is scarce and prices have considerably advanced. There is a steady demand forcoarse foreign, and the stock is gradually diminishing. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washeil, lb. 37 a 40 c— Amer- ican full blood III 33 a 33— Do 3-4 do32 a 00 — Do. l-2do 29 a 30 -1-4 and common do 23 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do 3 a 111— Saxony . 1 loan 00 — Hueiios Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Norlhern pulled lamb 23 a 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do dodo 12 a 15- HOPS. Duty 20 percent. The last crop is nearly all disposed of— only about 30 to 40 bales remain, which are selling by the bale al 15 a 20c per lb. The growing crop looks well. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb. 15 a 16. 2J do. do. do. 13 a 14. HAV, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed SI u to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— !Vew 6 to 7. EGGS. II a 12. CHK.ESK PRESSES. CUI.TIVATORS. Howard's Improved Fixed and Expanded Cultivators, of all sizes. The cultivator is an implement that is com ing into very general use in all parts of the country, and serves in a great measure in lieu of hneing. The teelh are so constructed as to raise the ground, and leaves it very light and free for cultivation, and at the same time destroys the weeiis. These Cultivators are best adapted to free and easy ground, for running through rows of corn, potatoes and veg- etables of all kinds, and used in the cultivation of Hops, in- stead of tho ploMjii aud 1 i>c. n .1 ar^^ found fiu superior to either. It is likewise well adapted to harrow in grain and grass seed ; and for the many uses to which this implement may be applied, it must be considered one of the most val- uable and uselul tools that is used on a farm, and is coming into very general use. For sale byj. BUECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 52 Nnrth Market st. June 28. S.lTLiE'S GARDEN EJVGINK, SELF-GOVERNING CHEESE PRESSES-two kinds —lately improved by the Shakers. These are so construct- ed that they govern and regulate themselves without weights, and are by far the best presses now in use. For sale at the N. E. Agricultural Warehouse, 51 and 53 North Market street. JOS. BRECK & CO. June 7, 1843. POUIIRETTF. t POUDRKTTK I I The suliscribors keep constantly on hand, and for sale, Poudrette in quantities to suit purchasers; packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest operation upon vegetable matter, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt attention. For sale by J. BRECK ik CO, 61 and 52 North Market St., Boston. Oct. 26. HARRIS' TREATISE OW INSECTS. For sale by JOSEl'H BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price S2. Also, the second edition of Dana's ]\Iuck Manual, price 62i cts. Feb 16. REVOLVlaiG HORSE RAKE. A splendid article, will throw a constant stream of water to the distance of 50 or 60 feet, with great force, and in case of fire would be a good substitute for a fire engine. The most perfect article for ttie purpo.-ie ever introduced. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 62 Not'th Market Street, Boston. May 24. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. The Revolving Rake which has been in general use fn most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most useful and labor saving machines now io use. One man and horse with a boy to lead, will rake on an average from 25 to 3il acres per day, with ease, and do the work well. They are coming into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years supersede the use of the common hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person using it does not have to stop the horse to unload the rake. For sale al the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 62, North Market Street, Huston May 24. JOSEPH BRECK & Co. S2 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JVl.y 26. 1R43. MISCELLANEOUS Chinese Ciisfoms.-'Among the sins of the Clii- nese, certainly cannolbe counted ihatof an excess of ce'remoniai (levntion; for their temples of wor- ship arc almost always empty. A newly appoint- ed official somelimes seems to consider it a duty, when tlie place obtained is a lucrative one, to visit all the temples in the city, which he docs alter the following manner:— He carries into the temple a bundle of tapers, made of the bark of trees and Bwcet-scented oil, and kindles them before the idols, whilst the priest strikes witli a stick on a metal plate. The worshipper ti)en makes a few prostrations, throws down some money, and the business is settled. The common people never enter the temples but on particular occasions, such for instance, as in time of preat drought, when they go thither in troops to pray for rain. Of any other prayer than a su|)plication for immediate temporal benefit, they do not seem to have any idea. During certain days in every year, indeed, the temples are much frequented, but for the purpose of trade, not of devotion. The courts are then filled with traders, who display their goods, princi- pally of the ornamental kind, and the visitors stroll about or make purchases as at a fair. Enormous prices are demanded on these occasions. For a stone of crass-green color, much valued by the Chinese for rings, bracelets, &,c., a nierchant asked me 250 hn, (upwards of £100,) and took 2G. The scene is further enlivened by the exhibition ef con- jurers throwing knives, tumblers walking on their hands, and other similar diversions; but by the evening, the temple is again left silent and deso- late. The priest alone has the ceremony to per- form of burning, three times in the day, a small ta- per before the idols, prostrating himself at the same time. Should this duty become too onerous, he sends one of his scholars to do it for him, and, if the scholar should not happen to be in the way, perhaps a conmion laborer. As long as the tapers are lighted at the proper time, and the due portion of prostration performed, all is right. It must be a very unreasonable idol that would require more. If the houses of religious worship stand empty, the houses of entertainment, on the other hand, arc almost full. The prices charged at these places are enormously high, and among the young men of the wealthy classes, it is by no means uncommon for n supper party of three or four, to spend 50 tans (£23 10s.) The dainties consumed on these occa- eions are of a very recherche description, and prin- cipally recommended by the difficulty of procuring them. A favorite dish, for in>tance, is roasted ice, which is enormously dear, and very few cooks pos- eess the skill and dexterity required for its pre- paration. A lump of ice is taken upon a sieve, and after being quickly enveloped in a sort of paste made of sugar, eggs, and spices, is plunged into a pan full of boiling pork fat or lard. The grand pomt is then to serve it up before the ice has time to melt. What may be the peculiar attraction of this dainty dish, it would be hard to say; for, though frozen inside, it burns the mouth when first tasted. A small plateful costs six tans, (about 3fi shilling.s.) 'i'lie Chinese viands in general are dis- agreeable to a J^uropean, as they do not use salt in their cookery, and do use an immoderate quanti- ty of pork fat, besides ginger and garlic. The roast meats, however, it nuist be admitted, form an honorable exception, and v/ould be acceptable even at the table of a Parisian gastronome. The im- mense number of taverns or trailtvrs in Pekin find no want of support, as it is the custom to entertain guests there, and not at private houses, to which relationship or very particular intimacy alone can give a claim to be invited. A banquet at one of these houses is considered to be a necessary con- clusion to the pleasure of a theatrical entertain- ment, which is generally over by six in the even- ing, beginning at eleven in the foreno(.n. — Recol- lections of Pekin. Cookin::: a Husband. — Many of our married lady readers are not aware how a good htishand ought to be conked so as to make a good dish of him. We have lately seen a recipe in an English p;iper, contributed by one " Mary," which points out the modus operandi of preparing and cooking a hus- band. Mary states that many good husbands are spoiled in cooking. Some women go about it as if their lords were bladders, and " blow them np." Others keep them constantly in hot water, while others again freeze them by conjugal coldness. Some smother them in tlie hottest beds of conten- tion and variance, and some keep them in pickle all their lives. These women always serve them m in sauce. Now it cannot be supposed that hus- bands will be tender and good, managed in this way, but they are, on the contrary, quite delicious when preserved. Mary points out the manner thus : — " Get ajar, called the jar of cheeri'ulness, (which, by the by, all good wives have at hand.) Being placed in it, set him near the fire of conju- gal love, let the fire be pretty hot, and the heat constant and regular. Cover him over with quan- tities of aflection, kindness and subjection. Keep plenty of those things by you, and bo very atten- tive to supply the place of any that may waste by evaporation, or any other cause. Garnish with modest, becoming familiarity, and innocent plea- santry, and if you add kisses or other confecliona- ries, accompany them with a sufficient secrecy ; and it would not be amiss to add a little prudence and moderation." — Cheshire Rep. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.' Great iniproveinenis have teen maile the past year in I form and workmanship of llifse Plnughs; ilie niuuM Ix a has heen so formed as lo lay the Jiirroi^ covinlclely ort turning in every particle of g^-ass or si uhbte, and lenr'intr t ground in the best possible manner. The leiijlli of 1 mould lioard has lu ii very murh increased, sij that 1 Plough works with the f;reatesl ease, holh wiih respect the holding and lire team. The Committee al the late Iri uf Ploughs al Worcester, say, " Should onr opinion he asked as lo which of the Plougi we should prefer for use on a farm, we miijhl perhaps saj the inquirer, it your land is mostly light and easy to woi try Prouty & Mears, Iml if your landis licavij, hard orruct BKGiN WITH Mr. Howard's.'" At the above me-.t;oned trial the Howard Plough < more work, wiih the same power of team, than any oil plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iwentysev and one half inches, to the 112 ihs. draught, while! Howard. Plough turned twcnlt/nine and one half inches the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howar Ploughs are much the strongest and niosl suhslantio made. There has I'een quite an improvement made on the sh or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed with> having to furnish a new landsiile: this shoe likewise seen the mould hoard and landside together, and sirenglhens Plough very much. The price of ihe Ploughs is from $6 to Sj5. A Plou snfhcient for breaking up with four ealtle, v.ill cost S;n 50, and with culler Si, with wheel and cutter, S2 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail the New England Agricnltural Wareho:ise and Seed Si. Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSKPH liRECK & CO Oh! ing girl it is a fearful sight to see a young, confid- approach the altnr with one who loves to linger around the wine-cup. He may pass un- scathed through the fiery ordeal, and the bright hopes of the bride may ripen into fruition. But, fair reader, let not the splendors of wealth, nor the allurements of pleasure, nor the promised triumphs of ambition, tempt you to a risk so fraught with danger to all you hold dear. Honest industry, jfiinod with temperance, may carve a fortune, and all that ambition should covet ; but wealth, talents, fame, can never gild the drunkard's home, nor sooth the sorrows of a drunkard's wife. — Selected. Mas, the Bachelor! — We dropped in suddenly on a bachelor acquaintance the other day, and just as wc made our appearance, he put somelhing in liis pocket very hurriedly, and looked as guilty as if he had been caught on a spinster. We cast our eves at his pocket, and half way out hung the se- cret. It was his stocking ! The poor, miserable fellow had been darning it, and it astonished us to see what perfection lie had arrived al in that branch of home industry. You may give liini uj), girls. — Exch. pap. The influenza has extended as far west as Wis- consin. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLEHS Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction roller.^ moved wiih a foot treader, is lound to be a great impr ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones li in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wher used, give universal satisfaclion. «The rollers can be all ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale ' ■ liREC'K & Co., No. 51 North Market street. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for tes the quality of milk. For sale by J. liKECK & C( KEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEKKLT PAPER. Terms, §2 per year tK advance, or $'2 53 if not within sixty days. N. \i. — Postmasters are permitted by law to fran subscriptions and remittancts for newspapers, wit expense to subscribers. TUTTLE ANT) DENNETT. PRINTERS. L,.JCXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1843. [NO. 5> N. E. FARMER. BUSINESS IMPROVING. The signs of increasing activity in bii.siness are nifest in our city and the towns around us. e belief now is, generally, that tlie crisis in aril times" is past. One branch of biisines.s, i that a large one, we mean the shop and leatli^r iiness, has become quite brisk. The demand shoes is now great, and prices of both shoes i leather have recently advanced. General activity in business will soon act favora- upon the interf'sts of l.irmcr.i. The present son, however, will not piobably be a lucrative ! to them. The crops of the country, as far as opinion can now be forni'.'d, will be up to an ;rage of years. I!ut the prices of agricultural ducts will be low. This is a necessary conse- >nce of the depression in business, wliich has ven hundreds and thousands of mechanics and ers from their shops into the gardens and fields. e producers from the soil have, for the last year two, borne an unusual proportion to those who isume without aiding directly in the production, s when those of other callings have full eniploy- nt in their respective pursuits, that farmers suf least from competition — find the readiest mar- s, the best prices, and the most easy collection ;heir dues. Fhe tillers of the soil were the last to feel the ssure of hard times, and they will bo the last share fully the enlivening effects of a revival of lines.'. But the benefits will come to them in e. Some good will be felt by them this year, they may hope more ne.xt year than they can lect in the next few mouths. Sojue of their ar- cs of sale have advanced, though they are yet ■ — such as grain, flour, pork and wool. As far :his improvement in prices has gone, farmers 1/ hope for benefit in their sales of the crop of present year ; but until their productions bear reater price in proportion to labor, taxes, ine- nics' bills, &-C., than they do at present, farni- , in thi.s vicinity, can yield no profit to the mass thi'se engaged in it. — Ed. N. E. F. Cruciform Plants — a class comprehending such den vegetables as the cabbage, cauliflower, ccoli, seakalc, turnip, radish, mustard, and in t almost every culinary article, except spinach. E! class derives its name from the flowers hav- four petals or flower leaves, disposed in the n of a cross, as exemplified in the wall-flower. 3 remarked by botanists, that not a single epu- i included in this group is poisonous. Even t great pest among weeds, charlock, or wild ish, which belongs to the cruciform class, afl^irds 3n young, most excellent and wholesome greens. Vulmifrrous Crops include wheat, barley, oats, , corn, tobacco, &c. They are all regarded as hers and exhausters of the soil, some in a far ati'r degree than others. Thi'y are far less so ut before they mature their seeds Far. Ency. TRAINING ANIMALS WHILE YOUNG. Solomon says, "Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it." This is true in regard to children as a general thing, but it is, if possible, more true in regard to animals of the lower orders, for they, not having so much scope of intellect, are not lead about by propensilii'S which so often overcome all the dictates of reason and salutary trainings of youth. Every domestic animal, from the hog upward, is susceptible of education, more or less, and should receive it when young. The little pig, if subject to being handled, and rubbed while with its dam, is always much more manageable when it becomes a hog, and may even become amiiihle, in a hogish way, and very susceptible to the '' .Mesmeric influ- ence of a i-ubbinu stick," when applied in a proper manner to the tickling of his sides to make him "shoulder over" and go into a state of " clnirvoy- nnce." If farmers or fanners' sons would take a little more pains to familiarize young animals, such as calves, we should not have so many vicious, kicking cows, mir headstrong, crowy ^'e alluvial deposits of for your paper, in which I gove some of my ideas : ^S^^' ^^c brakes and bulrushes, or at best, rrrasses on the subject of the probable effect of a proper I °| ""e coarser sorts, flounsh in rank luxuriance, distribution of trees in ameliorating the climate of; ^° ^he owner of these two pieces of land, I would farther in- I *y "' the latter, reclaim it: here is productive a tract of country. Since that time, a vestigation has led me to attach still greater im- portance to tlie subject, and to think that still greater advantages might be gained by a general and spirited attention to the sulijnct. Although it may not be denied that clearing a country of a porlioii of the forests which for a long lime have shaded its entire surface, has an effect to in- crease the general temperature of it, even though the work be indiscriminately executed, yet surely this can be construed into no argument against the opinion that the favorable effect would have been augmented in a great degree, had the work been done in a judicious manner. Il must be evident to the most superficial ob- server, that in our State at least, the work of the clearing away of the primeval forests has been performed in such a manner, that those portions of them nliich remain, and our cultivated lands, stand in very disadvantageous relative positions. There are loo many highlands laid bare and too many lowlands uncultivited. That this manner of ope- ration presented itself as the most natural, at the time of the first settlement, I will not pretend to deny : the humidity and fertility of the entire soil, preventing that want of those two important quali- ties, which many of our higher lands now experi- ence. At that time they found the highlands moist enough for agricultural purposes — the low- lands far too much so. But now, (if I may be al- lowed to make the chain of my argument com- plete, by quoting from my former communication,) '' the highlands by continued cropping, have be- come exhausted ; whereas the lowlands, on account of their receiving the soil necessary for vegeta- tion, washed from the higher lands, retain their fertility for a a longer period and probably nev- er reach that permanent sterility which we so often perceive in our exhausted hills." I have said that many of our highlands are ex- hausted, and 1 feel no inclination to correct the expression — I mean as far as they offer advantages for cultivation in comparison with most of our low- lands. How often, in our journeys through the country, do wc behold large tracts of elevated land, so sterile that they seem scarcely able to afford nourishment to a crop of sickly niullens, and whose desolate and barren appearance affects us with painful emotions. The history of such a piece of land is plainly to be read upon its face. Here the father and grandfather of tlie pre.sent occupant, even to the earliest generations, have tilled and tilled ,nnd tilled. To produce alternate crops of corn and rye, has been its task, and faithfully it has repaid the toil expended on its surface, till now, exhausted and weary of continued effort,' na- ture can go no farther. The causes of its deteri- oration have been two fold : first, the long contin- ued annual draught upon its natural fertility ; sec- ond, the facility afforded by a constant state of til- lage, for the washing of a large portion of its con- sequently loose particles of .soil, to the lands about Its base. And how often have we only to turn our eyes a little distance— perhaps but to the opposite side of the highway—and we behold another piece reclaim it strength yet undrawn upon, which of itself is able to bear the continued taxation of many years' cropping. Moreover, from its position, its con- stant reception of the washings of the higher lands, will prevent it from ever acquiring that almost in- vincible sterility of many of the higher lands about it. To such of our lowlands as admit of a proper regulation of that great fertilizer, water, by nliowing, at pleasure, of its admission and expul- sion, this remark will apply with peculiar force. Concerning the exhausted field first spoken of, I have no hesitation in recommending to the owner, to cover it with forest trees. Cover it with forest trees, if you desire to put it to the most profitable use. To raise a crop of any esculent annual, you have, in effect, to create the soil for its sustenance, and that against obvious disadvantages — some of which are the following, viz : its liability to drought, on account of its elevated situation and loose com- position, and its incapacity of retaining the various applications used for its enrichment, for similar reasons. 'J'liese difficulties of improvement, il can- not be denied, form strong objections to the con- tinuance of its culture. But even here, experi- ence has proved that certain species of fore6t trees will flourish well. Once established, their spread- ing branches and fallen leaves contribute to their own necessary moisture and sustenance. Such is the readiness with which certain species of trees adapt themselves to almost every variety of soil, thai I doubt whether there are any lands so barren that they may be said to be unimprovable. Kven on our most barren and sandy wastes, pines and some other sorts of trees, thrive with surprisin"' vigor. If the facts above stated are true, (and in their assertion I believe I am sustained by the experi- ence of others,) it cannot, I think, be denied, that the re-covenng of some of our exhausted highlands with such timber trees as are adapted to their situ- ations, and cultivating in their stead, some of our lowlands, whose productive power is as yet nntask- ed, and whose position, independent of their inhe- rent fertility, better qualifies them for long contin- oed agricultural operations, forms, at the present lime, a part of a system of husbandry that would be most conducive to the profit of their proprietors. Such are the motives to these practices, which present them.sclves to tliose whose sole object in their agricultural operations is the direct pecuniary reward attendant on their labors. But the principal object of my communication at this time, is to offer some remarks on the effect of such operations as have been recommended above, in ameliorating the climate of a tract of country, — an effect limited or extended, of course, in proportion to the limitation or extension of the producing causes. Trees affect the warmth of the atmosphere, both by the actual caloric imparted to it from their own vital warmth, and liy their break- ing the force of the winds. The advantages of a piece of land well sheltered on the sides most ex- posed to blasting winds, ' y impending groves, over one across whose bleak extent they arc al liberty to traverse unchecked, must, I think, be op- parent to any one. Take, for example, the east ern counties of our own State, and I know no how propel ly to estimate the value of clevatec plantatiuiis of trees, in breaking the force of ou; east winds ; and indeed, I cannot but think tha were such plantations generally and judiciously in t Iroduced, they would so break the force and harsh- ness of these noxious winds, as not only to favoi the culture of many tender plants, but also, by preventing, in a measure, those sudden changes tr which we are exposed, so affect the general cli mate of the country, as to make it more healthy and genial, especially to those affected with pul monary complaints. But man is not the only animal whose comforl and well-being would be augmented thereby ; out domestic beasts, being unable to protect themselves against atmospherical changes, by artificial means would experience far greater benefits than he. In- deed, my ideas on this subject are well expressed in the following quotation from the (Edinburgh; Plant. Kill. : — '■ When farm lands are exposed to high winds, interspersing them with strips or mass- es of plantation, is attended with obviously impor- tant advantages ; not only are such lands rendered more congenial to the growth of grass and corn, and the health of pasturing animals, but the local climate is improved. The fact that the climate may be thus improved, has in many instances been sufScienlly established. It is indeed astonishing liow much belter cattle thrive in fields even but moderately sheltered, than lliey do in an open and exposed country. In ihe breeding of cattle, a sheltered farm, or even a shel- tered corner in a farm, is a thing much prized ; and in instances where fields are taken by the season for the purpose of fattening, those most sheltered, never fail to bring the highest rents, provided the soil is equal to that of the neighboring fields, which are not sheltered by trees. If we inquire info the cause, we shall find that it does not alto- gether depend on an early rise of grass, on ac- count of the shelter afforded to the lands by the plantations; but likewise, that cattle, which have it in their power in cold seasons, to indulge in the kindly shelter afforded them by the trees, feed bet- ter, because their bodies are not pierced by the keen winds of spring and autumn, neither is the lender grass destroyed by the frosty blasts of March and April." Thus I have briefly given some of my ideas on the importance of the benefits to be gained by ex- erting ourselves to get our cultivated and wood lands into more advantageous relative situations, and have endeavored to support my own opinions in some degree, by citing the experience of others. This subject, it appears to me does not receive the attention which its importance demands, from the community at large, neither is it sufficiently encouraged by our agricultural societies. It ap- pears to me that they can scarcely do too mucli to- wards its encouragement, by means of pecuniary premiums, and can by no means, loo strongly re- commend it as a matter of general policy. Ideas have an influence according to the source from which they come — and I am certain that noth- ing would so much conduce to a general attention to this subject, as the recommendation and encour- ogement of agricultural societies. The man who, by any extraordinary means, can, for one year, force a piece of ground to yield rather more than an ave- rage crop, is both hdiiored, and rewarded by a pre- mium; while he who on a barren waste, is provid- ai.. XXII. IV. >. 5. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 87 a valuable inheritance for liis posterity, is dis- rded and neglected. 1 a few instances, it i.^ true, some of our n^ri- iral societies have offered premiums for plan- ns of forest trees ; yet as far as I am acijuaint- hese have never been attended with any coiidi- i or recommendaiion.s as to relative location ; at orre time pariiciilarly, I recollect being at E;ricultiiral exhibition, where the chairman of lommittee could not refrain from telling the esslul claimant of a premium for a plantation rest trees, that, in his opinion, he had covered his flourishing grove, the most productive of his arable land. To secure the advanla- 3f any operations, they sliould be executed discrimination. ;elin;j, as I do, somewhat enthusiastic in this ;r, I cannot but hope that it will, ere long, at- from the community an attention somewhat imparison witli its importance; and that our uhural societies may come to see the proprie- giving it a share of that encouragement, h they are wont to bestow on, at least, not important branches of rural economy. OBSERVATOR. HAM— CURING, &c. im, in commerce, denotes the thigh of a hog ar salted and dried, so as to preserve it in a possessing a pungent and agreeable flavor. , Hants, Wilts, and Cumberland, in England, Dumfries and Galloway, in Scotland, are the lies most famous for producing fine hams, e of Ireland are comparatively coarse, and )ut flavor. Tlie hams of Portugal, VVestpha- nd Virginia, are exquisitely flavored, and are ah estimation. le method of curing hams in the most cele. d districts, is to rub them very hard with bay tier salt ; then leave them on a stone bench, der that the brine may discharge itself. In a lays the rubbing process is repeated ; about an ounce ol saltpetre being added to each ham. n they have continued about a weeli longer on ench, or in the salting tub among the brine, are commonly hung np to dry in the sides of open chimneys ; some have them exposed to moke of wood, peats, coals, or other sorts of while others carefully avoid having them ed. And when not sold sooner, they are con- d in these situations till the approach of warm her, when they are packed up in casks with ', or the seeds of oatmeal, and consia'ned lie. Hams lose about 20 per cent, of their ht in drying. ims may bo cured so as to resemble those of tphiilia, by the following process: — Cover a g ham of pork with dry salt; let it be for 24 !, to draw off" the blood ; then wipe it perfectly ind take one pound of brown sugar, a quarter Bound of saltpetre, half a pint of bay .salt, and pints of salt ; incorporate these ingn-dients iron pan over the fire, and stir them contin- tiU they acquire a moderate degree of heat, is pickle the hain must be sufl^ered to remain iree weeks, frequently turning it, when it d be suspended in a chimney for drying, by 13 of smoke from no other but a wood fire, smoke from oak saw. dust or shavings, is the for imparting a fine flavor. This smoke con- imperfectly formed pyroligneous acid, which 3 agent that communicates the flavor to the tplialiahams. In Dumfriesshire, the pickle for hams is some- times made with one-half ale, which renders the hams shorter, and adds greatly to the richness of their flavor. The iiiiporls of bacon and hams into Kngland, have heen kept low by the heavy duty of 2S3. ex- acted on each cwt. liut the duly having been re- cently greatly reduced, a large amount of hams cured in Americn will be sent to the English mar- ket.— Farmers' Encyclop. HOPS. The hop (Hiwiulus luputus,) is a well known climber, supposed to be indigenous to England, plants of it being found in hedgerows and waste places. The female flowers have been long used in many parts of Europe for the purpose of impart- ing a flavor to beer. It was not, liowever, culti- vated in England for th's purpose, until about the year 1525 ; and as the Reformation was then in progress, tlie introduction of the hop is perpetua- ted by ,he following doggerel : '* Hops, hereqy, pickerel, and beer, Were brought into [i^ngland in one year." The hop plant delights in a rich loam, or calca- reous sand ; and when these are situated on a cal- careous b'^d, the plants will continue to flourish for many years ; but otherwise ten or twelve years is about tlie limit of their continuance in perfec- tion. Under favorable circumstances, as on the Kentish ragstone, the roots of the hop plant extend in some instances to a depth of eight or ten feet. The hop plant is usually raised from cuttings in the spring. " In the early part of the spring," says .Mr Lance, " the old root begins to bud or shoot from the old stump of the last year's bine, which will have two or more huds ; the crown of the root is then cleared, and these old stumps are cut ofl", or most part of them, the hole covered up, and the crown of the root throws up additional shoots to be tied up the poles. The plant is therefore said to have an aniiu;il stem, but a perennial root. The cuttings, or old stumps, are bedded for a season, to make roots the best way they can from the edge of the cutting ; the plant being exceedingly tena- cious of life, every portion of the crown cutting that has a bud, will grow and throw out roots from the extremity of the woody cutting ; they will make a circle of roots when healthy, and throw up bine from the eyes or buds at the surface of the ground, and oiher roots will issue from under the eyes. The shoots of the former year that may have become covered with earth, will make plants as layers, throwing out many fibrous roots before they are cut off from the stump or crown. Tliis is often the most successful method of obtaining plants, although it may in some measure weaken the old root; but the layer gets the plants a year more forward, as the roots are already formed when the plant is taken from the old stock ; but if all the supernumerary shoots are cut off after the prin- cipal onea are well up the pole, then there can be no suckling plants formed." The qualities of the hop regarded by the deal- ers are, the color, scent, seed, and glutinous touch. The Color, which should be a light green, is attain- ed either by a very careful and early picking, or by exposing the hops when drying to the action of fumes of sulphur. By ... posure to the air, howev- ever, the natural brown color of the hops thus treated returns. The hop plant is subject to many diseases, to the attacks of caterpillars and other insects, to mil- dew, and to a variety of atmosphfrical inlluenccs, winch renders it ever the sport of the weather, and occasions the jiroverbial uncertainty of the crop Ibid. PLOWING IN GREEN CROPS. The plowing in of green vegetables on the spot where they have grown, may be followed as a method of manuring and enriching all land, where other manures are less abundant. Growing plants bring up from beneath, as far as their roots extend, those substances which are useful to vegetation, and retain them in their roots and steins. By plowing in the whole plant, we restore to the sur- face wliat hffd previously sunk to a greater or less depth, and thus make it more fertile than before the green crop was sown. This manuring is performed with the least loss by the use of vegetables in the green state. By allowing them to decay in the open air, there is a loss of both organic and innrgaiiic matter: if they be converted into fermented (farm-yard) manure, there is also a large loss ; and the same is the case if they are employed in feeding stock, with a view to tlieir conversion into manure. In no other furni can the same crop convey to the soil an equal amount of enriching matter as in that of green leaves and stems. Where the Jirst object, there- fore, in the farmer's practice is, so to use his crops as to enrich his land, he will soonest effect it by plowing them in in the green state. Another important result is, ]hat the beneficial action is almost immediate. Green vegetables de- compose rapidly, and thus the first crop which fol- lows a green manuring, is benefited and increased by it. But partly for this reason, the green ma- nuring of grain-cropped land, if aided by no other manure, must generally be repeated every second year. It is said that grain crops which succeed a green manuring, never lodge — and that the produce of grain is greater in proportion to the straw, than when manured with fermented dung. But it is deserving of separate consideration, that green manuring is especially adapted for im- proving and enriching soils which are poor in vege- table matter. Living plants contain in tlieir sub- stance not only all they have drawn up from the soil, but also a great part of what they have drawn down from the air. Plow in these living plants, and you necessarily add to the soil more tlian was taken from it — in other words, you make it richer in orfranic matter. Repeat the process with a second crop, and yon make it richer still — and it would be diflicult to define the limit beyond which the process could no further be carried. Those soils only are beyond the reach of this improving process, on which plants refuse to grow at all. But for those plants which grow naturally upon the soil, agricultunil skill may substitute oth- ers, which will increase more rapidly, and produce a larger quantity of green leaves and stems for the purpo.^e of being buried in the soil. Hence the selection of particular crops for turning in — those being obviously the fittest which in the given soil and climate grow most rapidly, or which produce the largest quantity of vegetable matter in the shortest time and at the smallest cost. — Johnston's Lectures on the Jl/iplication of Chemistry to Jlgri- cuUure. 38 NEW ENGLAND FARMER AUG. 3, 18«; ANn HORTICULTURAL RFGISTER. BosToK, Wednesday, August 2, 1843. MUCK OR SWAMP MUD. Generally, the liilttr pait of summer is llie most fnvo- rnble time for t:i!iiiig the mud nr muck from (jond-holes, wet meadows and swamps. Now the water is less in the way, and the surface of tho hiwiands is firmer tliat at any other season in the year. In these low .spots are accumulated the remains of the vegetable growth of ages upon ages. This rotted vegetable matter is natu- ral food for vegetable growth. Immersed, as much of it has been, fur hundrerls and thousands of years in stag- nant water, it usually is not good for the soil if applied immediately upon its removal from its bed. Let it be exposed to the action of the weather at least one year, or surely let it get one thorough freezing before it is used as a manure or as an in::redicnt of the compost heap. Jluch of the prejudice against this muck as a fartilizer, has been created by the habit of using it too soon after it is dui;-. When thus used, its effects for the first year are as often injurious as beneficial. And even if useful afterwards, no credit is allowed for the good then done ; the muck was watched the first year, and it was then judged to be of little worth. Afterwards it is Ibrgollen, among the things which operate in producing a good crop. But it does, no doubt, in the end, answer a trood purpose upon all light soils to which it is applied. This muck, being almost exclusively vegetable matter, IS obviously most useful on the soils most deficient in vegetable matter, such as the sandy and gravelly. In whatever state it is applied to them, it in the end in- creases their fertility. But notwithstanding this, it is good economy to let the muck take exposure to the ele- ments one season before it is used. Then it may be expected to be serviceable to the first as well as to sub- sequent crops. If this brief view be correct, then it is desirable for the farmer who has this article on his premises, to have a pile of it always on hand. There is no danger that one will throw out too much of it. Go to work, then, at the first convenient opportunity, and be throwing it up where it can drain and cook. Much of this article can he taken where you want to •pen ditches for draining and improving your wet meadows. To a great extent, muck-digging anil the re- claiming of wet meadows may go on together, and be effected by one and the same operation. Where the two birds can be killed with one stone, few farmers can do any tliirig better than to throw the stone. This meadow muck is good for the compost heap, and should be on hand for throwing into the hog-vard, the barn-yard, the barn-cellar, &c. But it should not be used too freely here. All is not good manure that is just thrown into the manure yard and then carted out. One may waste labor in diluting his manuies too much. Two loads of meadow mud or muck to one of dung is as much as is found profitable. It is the farmers moro removed from the city, who eannot buy manure if they would, to whom we espe- cially recommend muck digging. They can do it at little cost, and they can add to the fertility of their farms in this way, without feeling the cost, 'I'he low- lands are themselves, when drained, the best lands, and when draining them, one can get a serviceable article for his warm uplands. Go. then, to the pnnd-lioles, swamps and wet meadows. For various ways of composting and using meadow muck, see Dr. Dana's .Muck Manual. THE SICK ROOM. SucccFsive days and nights of watching and anxiety, unfits one for connected thought upon sny othtT subject than sucli as spring up around the bed of sufTenng. Many of the ordinary cares and duties of life must be postponed when sickness lays our kindred upon its rest- less and alarming bed. Our readers must excuse us if we this time speak to them from the hushed and dark- ened chamber, rather than from the sunny field. But should we send out to you a thought or reflection from beside the bed where conjugal affection tiembles, or where fever threatens to sever fraternal bonds, we should even then be dwelling upon cares and duties, labors and feelings, which are common to farmers' homes. All of you, at times, must either actor suffer in the sick room, God's will is there to be done or to be borne, Kavored — blessed are they who can brinff with them to the couch of disease, christian faith, and hope, and resignation. Heaven give them to us and to you in greater fullness. The arrows of death fly thick across the paths in which you and your kindred walk. An insect, a worm, may be the cause of pain and of death, Ctdd mav snap, fire may consume, water may dissolve the vital cord. Disease, thousand-formed, may meet you in every path and strike you at any hour. The healthful labors of the farm, the simple fiire at your tables, and the free air you breathe, all serve to protect against disease and to prolong your days. But yet disease and death will come, Happy will it be for us when we can look upon them and bear them with unshrinking fortitude and all-con- quering faith. Perpetual seed-time and perpetual harvest reign to- gether in the moral world. The seed of perennial plants may be sown each day and each hour. Their culture is never over. Humble trust in Him who gives sunshine and showers, seed-time and harvest, whose agency and help is seen in every furrow you turn, in each springing |dant, in every blade of grass, in each blusliing fruit and whitening grain — humble trust in Him — sincere devotedness to his will — doing justly to man, and loving mercy — reverencing God in every daily act— and treating all men always as brethren — these things — this sowing to the spirit, may be going on while one is tilling the natural field, or gathering the earth's bounties into his storehouses and barns, 'I'imes will come — they do come — wlien the inner man needs the fruits of wise and faithful spiritual cul- ture. Stand by the bed of sickness, hear the racking and consuming cough, see the choking blood flow from ruptured lungs, feel the burning temples and the fitful pulse — observe the twitching muscle and the restless limb — observe there the weariness and languor and pains of wearisome days and wearisome nights, and the darkened chamber of sickness if unillumined by religious faith and hope, seems but the portal to a dark and end- less night — 10 hopeless annihilation. But to the illu- minu'd eye of christian faith, there is opened a bright world beyond, where may be seen those who were sown natural bodies, raised spiritual bodies, and dwell- ing in the bosom of infinite love, and enjoying the soci- ety of the holy and the happy. To that v/orld, hope carries one's suffering friend, and his own soul. Sick- ness to him then, is only the instrument of that death which is but an entrance upon a nobler life. There are sweeter fruits and more precious grains than those which grow in your gardens and fields When the shadows of closing life deepen upon the eyes of the body, then the worth and richness of tlie fruits of the spirit become more visible and distinct. The faith- ful soul, nourished by these, ^^feels strong for its flight to that world where there is laid up for it a crown of joicing. Bereaved affection can dry its tears in trust that the beloved dead still live — live in peace ; joy. Let us not forget to sow the seeds of the bel fruits and richer grains that grow in the fair fields of world above. Productive Farming — or a Fnmiliar Digest of the 1 cent Discoveries of Liebig, Johnston, Davy, and c er celebrated writers on Vegetable Chemistry, sIk iug how the Results of Tillage might be gres augmi-nted. By Joseph A, Smith. Such is the title of a work of 150 pages, price 31 cents, sent us by Redding & Co., 8 State sirt who have it for sale. We have had no opportunity past week, on account of sickness in our family, to ri any thing, and have not turned over the leaves of 1 book. Tlie compiler has a good field, and if he I done his work well, the book must be worth much ni than its cost. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Saturday, July 29, 181G A meeting of the Society was held. The Preside M, P, Wilder, Ksq. in the chair. Mr. Walker, fror special committee appointed at the last meeting, mad verbal report, that it was e.vpedient to hold the usi exhibition of Fruitsand Flowers the present year; whi report was unanimously accepted. A committee of tliree was chosen to nominate a Co mittee of Arrangements, who reported as lollows : "1 committee would nominate the following gentlemen constitute the Committee of Arrangements for the .' nual Exhibition the ensuing year, with power to fill ' cancies, and add to their number, if they deem it ex| diem, viz : Messrs Samuel Walker, B, V, French, 0 Johnson, Josiah Stickney, J, A. Kenrick, C. M, H vey, Joseph Breck, J. F, Allen, J. L. L. F. Warrc Si muel Pond, David Haggersion, F, W, Macondri Choever Newhall, and Dr J, C, Howard" Vi.tcd, to accept the above report with the amen ment, that the cominitlee have authority to make cho of sub-committees, and also to report the day of the e hibition at the next meeting of the Society. Adjourn for two weeks, EBExN, WIGHT, Rec. SccVy. [Want of time and the length of the reports compf us to defer the account of Saturday's exhibition,] Jj" We were favored with a most refreshing rain i Sunday, which greatly revived the drooping crof There had been but one or two slight showers for furl three days previous. It is slated that so severe has been the drought in tl Connecticut valley, llial the farmers liave been obliji to feed out hay to their cattle, there being no grasi the fields. Lightning — Wh ile so many deaths by lightning ai occurring in difl"crent parts of the country, it is iiiipo tant to remember one simple prescription, viz : wheni person is struck down by lightning, lose no time i dashing cold water upon him, even if he is apparenti dead. By this means many lives may he preserve which would otherwise be lost. — Salem Re:;. The Buffalo Advertiser says, Mr Alonzo L. Fish, i Herkimer, from only 20 cows, mode last season, 13,99 pounds of excellent cheese, besides 301 pounds of goii butter. To eay nothing of the butter, there was a pt( duct equal to 700 pounds of cheese to each cow. SXII. MO. 9. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 39 TIlEllMO.MKTRICAl. Rcpnrledlorllie New Kngl:inil Knnnri. iige jf llie I'hei niornelerat tlie (iarileuof the propi-ieior-H ! Wew EnglaiKl Farmer, Uriglilon, Mass in a shadid lei'lyenposure, foriheweek ending July 30. uly, 1843! i7a.M. | 12, mTTm' • M ■ I Wind. lay, day , nesday, ■sday, r.lay, 24 72 92 25 57 8n 26 62 86 27 711 86 23 66 88 2i> 74 86 30 ca 6J 1 76 66 76 74 74 80 58 E. N. S. N. E. S. N. E. E. l(;ilTON MARKKT— MoNDAT, July 31, 1843. Kpporteii fur the \. K. Fanner. 1 !Miirket3"5 Beef Callle, l-') Cows and Calves, I Sheep and 2G4 Swine. liicics.— Beef Cattle. — Last week's prices were not lined. Few extra, $4.50. First qiialily, $4 00 a 174. Second quality, $3.50 a $4.00. Third quality, )0 a $3.3*4. ncs and Co(rei.— Sales $15, $30. ,ccp — Very dull. Lots were sold from $100,1.75, $2 00. cine. — One lot to peddle, sows and barrows, aver- o- 120 lbs. 44 cents. At retail 5 a 6. WHOLESALE PRICES CUHRENT. Corrected with great care, uecUly. ;EDS. Herds Grass, $0 00 to 2 30 per bushel. Red Top 1 50 cents. Clover— Northern, (JU to 12c.— Southern, 0 ;. I'lax Seed, Sf> 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. iry Seed, S4 50 per bushel. IAIN. Duly, Corn, Rye and Beans, free; Barley 20 :ent. ; Oats 20 per cent. le supplies during the past week have been much great- an the demand, and prices, except for very choice lots ' again fallen off. irn— Northern, old, bushel 60 to 61— Southern, round ■ w, old, 53 a 59— Southern flat yellow, new, 57 a 53— in. while 53 a 00— do New Orleans, 50 a 52— Barley 01 —Rye, Northern, 0) a 70— do. Southern, 60 a 62 — , Southern, 00 a 00— Northern do. 23 to 31 — Beans, per el 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 25 -Bran, 18. LOUR. The transactions early in the week were for esee 85 1-4 a 5 5-16, but owing to the heat of the wea- since, and the arrivals being much larger than ctpecta- I holders were anxious to realize on landing, and sub- ed to a decline of 25c per brl. altimore, Howard Street. 4 mos. cr. 85 50 a 5 62 — do. rf, SO 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, $0 00 a 5 50— Phila- hia do. 4 mos. S.) 50 a 0 00 -Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 . S3 62 a 0 0— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00, ;orgeiown, «5 50 a 6 90— Richmond Canal,S5 62 a!0 OH I. Ciiy, So 00 a II 00— Petersluirgb, South side $0 00 a 0 00 I. Country 80 00 a 0 00— Geaesec, common, cash, 35 00 a — do fancy brands $5 12 a 5 25 — Ohio via Canal, 0 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 87 a 5 00. Rye, 5 a 4 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S3 00 a 3 25. •• RO VISIONS. The market for Beef and Pork remains , the slock of the latter being materially less than the e period last year. There is a heavy supply of Lard. ;ef— Mess 4 110. new bbl. Sa 50 a 8 75— Navy— .$7 50 a ._No. 1, 7 00 1 7 25— do Prime SO 00 a 0 00— Pork— ■a clear 4 mo. bbl. Si 3 00 a 13 30— do Clear «12 00a 12 50 Mess, 11 00 a 00 Oil— do Prime So 00 a 930— do Mess 1 other States,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00 — ter, shipping, 0 a 01 — do store, uninspected, 7 a 8— do y, lOcts. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ms. 00 a 00 —do ih and Western, 5 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6i' — Ihern and VVeslem, Sj a 6 — Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 meal, 5 — do new milk, 5 a 6. ^OOIj. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- atinn shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, free. All wliere- le value exceeds 7 els. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and ,s. per pound. 'be transactions during the week in this article have 1 limited. The supply of fleece Wool in market of the ■ clip has been considerably increased, and no doubt a demaud will soon take place, as prices haveadranced so materially in the country that manufacturers will soon turn their attention to the market for their supplies. A mod- erate demand exists for coarse foreign, the stock of which is gradually diminishing. Prune or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c.— Amer- ican full blood do 3.-! a 35— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. 1-2 do 29 a 30 -1-4 anrl common do 23 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do 8 a 10— Saxony, clean, 00 — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10— do. ito. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine .Northern pulled lamb 23 a 32— .No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb. 15 a 16. 2d do. do. do. 13a 14. HAY, 14 to 16 perloa— .Eastern Screwed SIO to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 3 to 4c.— New 5 to 6. EGGS, 12 a 14. CULTIVATORS. CHEESE PRKSSES. Howard's Improved Fixed and Expanded Cultivators, of all sizes. The cultivator is an implement that is com ing into very general use in all parts of tlie country, and serves in a great measure in lieu of hoeing. The leelh are so constructed as to raise the ground, and leaves it very light and free for cultivation, and at the same time destroys the weeds. These Cultivators ate best adapted to free and easy ground, for running through rows of corn, potatoes and veg- etables of all kinds, and used in the cultivation of Hops, in- stead of the plough aud hoe, and are found far superior to either. It is likewise well adapted to harrow in grain and grass seed ; and for the many uses to which this implement may be applied, it must be considered one of the most val- uable and uselul tools that is used on a farm, aud is coming into very general use. For sale by J. BKECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 52 North Market st. June 28. SAYLE'S GAROEN ENGINE, A splendid article, will throw a constant stream of water to the distance of 50 or 60 feet, with great force, and in case of fire would be a good suljstilute for a lire engine. The most perfect article for the purpose ever introduced. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 62 North Market Street, Bo^ton. May 24. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market st. MUCK MANUAL.. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck Man. ual for Farmers. By Dr S. L. Dana; price 62i. SiiLF-GOVERNING CHEESE PRESSES— two kinds — lately improved by the Shakers. These are so construct- ed that they govern and regulate themselves without weights, and are by far the best presses now iii use. For sale at the N. E. Agricultural Warehouse, 51 and 62 North Market street. JOS. BRECK & CO. June 7, 1.343. POUDRETTE I POUDRETTE ! ! The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale, Poudretle in quantities to suit jiurchasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order lor shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest operation upou vegetable matter, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt attention. For sale by J. BRECK &. CO, 51 and 52 North Market St., Boston. ' Oct. 26. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. Forsaleby JOSEPH BR^CK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price S2. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price 62i cts. Feb 15. REVOLVING HORSE RAKE. The Revolving Rake which has been in general use in most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to l* one of the most useful and labor saving machines now in use. One man and horse wiili a boy to lead, will rake on an averaoo from 25 to 3o acres p.;r day, with ease, and do the work well. Thev are couiiiig into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years supersede the use of the cuminon hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person usin" it docs not have to stop the horse to unload the rake. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos 51 and 52, North Market Street, Boston May 24. JOSEPH BRECK cSt, Co. 40 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. AIG. 8. 1843. MISCELLANEOUS THE FAITHFUL DOG. BY MRS. ,\. s. Tlie attachment manifested by the canine race for their otvners, tlieir ssgncity and faithCiilness. have been the theme of niiniberless stories, and many have been led to belipvi- thorn endowed with the fame reasoninij powers as ourselves. It is neither to assent to this opinion, nor yet to attempt confuting- it, tliiit tlie following; incidents are penned, but to record an instance which transpired under uiy immediate observation, of their devotion and fidelity. It will be remembered that Alabama was ori^i- nally a part of Mississippi Territory. lis conti- guity to Georgia and the Carolinas, induced num- b 'riess families from those States to remove there. The route pursued by them leil through the Chero- kee nation, and like the Israelites of old, the eini- jjrants experienced ditSculties in reaching safely the land of promise. In some seasons of the year, the rivers and creeks are so swollen by the frequent rains as to render them troublesome. It was during one of these periods that a family, consisting of a man, his wife and four children left North Carolina to settle themselves at Cahawba, the original seat of government, and in crossing some stream, they were upset, and precipitated with all their earthly goods into the water. With the greatest difficulty, the head of the family succeeded in rescuing his wife, and three of the children, together with the wagon and horses, from their perilous situation : but the baby, with the principal part of the bag- gage, had gone to the bottom. Half distracted, the mother, bethought her of endeavoring to rescue the child, and h.ilding up one of its little frocks, she directed their dog, of the Newfoundland breed, to seek for it at the spot in which it was believed to have perished. Divin-r under the water, the dog disappeared. The mosl intense distress was ot course experienced, with faint hopes of his ultimate success; but in a few seconds the agitation of the water announced his coming, and the doir arose to the surface with the child, holding his clothes firmly gripped between hi.s teeth, and swimming witli it to the land, de- posited it safely at the feet of its mother. By the untiring exertions of the parents, the child was restored to life again, and without farther detention they arrived safe at their destination. Until the accident, the dng had never manifest- ed any particular attachment for the child, but from the time of rescuing it from a watery grave, the animal acted as if he considered it under his own superinlendinj charge. It would never leave it. Sleeping or waking, it sat crouched beside the child, who soon discovered for the dog a propor- tioiable de^Tee of affection. The mother soon died from the effects of the baneful fever of the country— then followed one of the children, then another, and yet another, and the only remaining survivors of the once happy family were the father, the child, and the faithlully ottacbed do?. And now the storms of fate gathered around this poor offspring of misfortune The father sunk un- der the weight of his accumulated misfortunes, and fell into intemperate habits. The child was neg- lected, left f..r hours to the companionship of his dog, and the loneline.^s of its own melancholy lot. Young as it was, for it was then only three years of age, it was suffered to wander where it listed, and it would stroll in the woods far away from its home, with no one to guide its course but its own childish fancies, secure in the protection of its mute attendant. I have seen it sleeping beneath a hedge, its innocent head pillowed upon the faith- ful creature, its little arms twined around its neck. For more than a year they led this kind of itine- rant life — and as they always returned ere night- fall, and the boy grew in strength, the father took little heed of either. There was something remarkable about the dog and child — both seemed to shun coniiiiunion with their kind — attaching themselves solely to each other — when weary, it occasionally sought its deso- late home, and if pressed by hunger, stopped on the way to solicit from some charitable neighbor a slice of bread — and food was never relused it, eith- er for itself or the friend accompanying it. .At length the child sickened and died also, ow- ing, probably, to exposure and neglect. When the neinhbors went in to administer to its necessi- ties, during its illness, it was always found lying with its head resting upon the dog's shaggy neck with one of its arms twined around it, and thus drew its latest breath. The child was buried, and from this time the dog drooped and pined away. No efforts were found successful to lure him from the grave. The food with which he was daily supplied, remained untasted until the morning the miserable father who had lived to see his household destroyed, his hearth desolated, found the little mound which covered his child, scratched up to a considerable depth, with the lifeless remains of the faithful dog lying in the cavity.— Pldlndetphia Forum. Dreaming to Some Purpose On the trial of Clifford, at St. Albans, Vt., a Mrs Marvin testified that after the drowning she dreamed of travellino- "in a particular direction in search of the shawls which were upon the body of the deceased persons. She came to a log and passed it; and at a short distance beyond, discovered both shawls doubled up, covered somewhat in the sand, lying amono- bushes and tall grass." On the following morning she told her dream, and in company with another witness, went to the place indicated by the dream, and there were the shawls in the very condition she had dreamed Ihein to be. Those who have read the very interesting life of Tcnnant, will remember that he was saved from conviction for an awful crime, by the dream of a man and his wife in Virginia, both of whom trav- elled on foot to New Jersey for the purpose of saving him, and arrived just in time, while the court was sitting. It is also a fact — a fact which we have investi- gated—that Mrs Adams, the wife of Colt's victim, on the night before her husband's murder, dreamed that she saw him knled, cut up, and packed in a box. So vivid was the dream, and so deep the impression made upon her mind, that she opposed his going out on the fatal day. Nor, when he failed to come home at night, had she any doubt of his nwful fate — M Y. Com. Mv. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great imprnvements hare heen made the past year in I orm aiul workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould h( i has l-een so formed as [o Imj the furrow romplctehi or turning m ererij particle of grass or stiMIe, ondiearin-r ] frronmi m the best possible manner. The len=th of i mould board has hf n very much increased, sS thai i Plough works with Iho greatest ease, both with respect the holding and the learn. The Cominitiee at the late Ir ot Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Ploy- we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps saj rv p!"'","'i' 'I '"">^l""'l 's mostly light and easy to w,., try Prouty & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hard orrod BEGIN WITH .Mr. Howard's.'' At Ihe above me-.tioned irial the Howard Pl->ugh a ZTT ■u'u!'".''' '."'"' P^<'^ ofleamjhan any oth plough exh,h,led. I\„ other turned more than twenfyse.'. and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, while i Howard Plough turned twentynine and one'half inches the same power of team ! All acknowledge Iha't Howar,' Flonglis are much the strongest and most subslaniijj There has been qnile an improvement made on the shi or land side o( this Plough, which can be renewed witho having lo lurnish a new landside this shoe likewise secui the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens ll I'lough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Si5. A Plono sufficieni for breaking up with four caule. will cost abo ».u 50, and with cutler «i, with wheel and cutter, Sa ( ,k''^v '*''2.",^'T?''^'"'?'"'"'^'«'«''"''«^3'« and fetail, the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St. r Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Sireel by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ano moved with a fool treader, is found to be a great improve- ment on the old mode of banging grindstones. Stones hung in ihis manner are becoming daily more in use. and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can lie attach ed to stones huug in the common way. For sale by i BRECK & Co., No. 51 North Maikel street. LACTOMETERS — a simple instrument for testini' the quality of milk. For sale by J CRECK & CO. ° The human body consists of 240 bones, 100 car- tilages or ligaments, 400 muscles or tendons, and 100 nerves, besides blood, arteries, veins, &c. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, .$2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not paid within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank a subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, without expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT. PRINTERSj Ul School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BV JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AanicoLTDEAL Waeehouse.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. Ul,. XXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 0, 1843. [NO. C. N. E. FARMER. OF DEEP PLOWING. D"ep plowinfj dift'ers from ordinary nnd subsoil owinsr in tlii.s — tlmt its special object is to bring the surface and to mix with the upper soil a por- an of that which has lain long at a considerable ;pth, and has been more or less undisturbed. The honetit of such an admixture of fresh soil in many localities undoubted, while in others 6 practical farmer is decidedly opposed to it. n what principle does its beneficial action depend, id in what circumstances is it likely to be attend- I with disadvantage ? 1. It is known that when a heavy shower of rain lis, it sinks into the soil, and carries down with such readily soluble substances as it meets with 1 the surface. But other substances, also, which c more sparingly soluble, slowly and gradually id their way into the subsoil, and there more or ss permanently remain. Among tliese may be ckoned gypsum, and especially tliosc silicates of jtash and soda, so useful to grain-bearing plants, uch substances as these naturally accumulate be- )nd the reacli of the ordinary plow. Insoluble ibstances likewise slowly sink. This is well lown to be the case with lime, when laid upon or owed into land. So it is with clay, when mixed ith a surface soil of sand or peat. They all de- ;end till they get beyond the reach of the coni- on plow. Thus it happens that after the surface lil becomes exhausted of one or other of those lorganic compounds which the crops require, an nple supply of it may still be present in the sub- )il, though, until turned up, unavailable for the rornntion of vegetable growth. There can be little question, I think, that the reator success which attends the introduction of 2w implements in the hands of better instructed len, upon farms long held in arable culture, is to D Escribed in part to this cause. One tenant, uring a long lease, has been in the habit of plow- ig to a depth of three, or at most, perhaps, four iches — and from this surface the crops he has Inntod have derived their chief supplies of inor- anic food. He has limed his land in the customa- r manner, and has laid upon it all the manure he nnld raise, but his crops have been usually indif- ;rent, and he considers the land of comparatively ttle value. But another tenant comes, and with ettor implements turns up the land to a depth of or 8 inclies. He thus brings to the surface the me and jthe accumulated manures which have oturnlbj sunk, and which his predecessor had pcr- iitted year after year to bury themselves in his ubsoil. He thus has a new, often a rich, and al- lost always a virgin soil to work upon — one which rom being long buried, may require a winter's ex- osure and mellowing in the air, but which in lost cases is sure to repay him for any extra cost. Again, it is known that some districts, for rea- ons perhaps not well understood, are more infest- d than others with inflects that attack the corner ithcr crops. These insects, their eggs, or their larva;, generally bury themselves in the undisturb- ed soil, immediately beyond the ordinary reach of the plow. If they remain wholly undisturbed dur- ing the preparation of the soil, some species re- main in a dormant state, and the subsequent crop may in a great measure escape. Plow the land deeper than usual, and you bring them all to the surface. Do this in the autumn, and leave your land unsown, and the frost of winter may kill the greater part, so that the crops may thereafter grow in safety. But let this deep plowing be done in the spring, and you bring ail these insects within the reach of the early sun, and thus call them to life in such numbers as almost to ensure the de- struction of your coming crop. Improvemtnt of the Soil by Mixing. There are some soils so obviously defective in constitution, that the most common observer can at once pronounce thorn likely to be improved by mechanical admixtures of various kinds. Thus peaty soils abound too much in vegetable matter; a mixture of earthy substances, therefore, of al- most any common kind, is readily indicated as a means of improvement. In like manner we natu- rally impart consistence to a sandy soil by an ad- mixture of clay, and openness and porosity to Etiff clays by the addition of sand. The first and obvious effect of such additions is to alter She physical qualities of the soil — to con- solidate the peals and sands, and to loosen the clays. But the fertility of a soil, or its power of producing a profitable return of this or that crop, depends in the first place on its chemical consti- tution. It must contain in sufficient abundance all the inorganic .substances which that crop re- quires for its daily food. Where this is already the case, as in a rich stiff clay, a decided improve- ment may be produced by an admixture with sili- cious sand, which merely separates the particles mechanically, and renders the whole more po- rous. But let the clay be deficient in some neces- sary constituent of a fertile soil, and such an addi- tion of siliceous sand would not produce by any means an equal benefit. It may be proper to add this sand with the view of producing the mere phy- sical alteration, but wo must add some other sub- stance also, for the purpose of producing the ne- cessary chemical change. The good effects which almost invariably follow from the addition of clay to peaty or sandy soils, arc due to the production at one and the same time, of a physical and a chemical change. They arc not only rendered firmer or more solid by the admixture of clay, but they derive from this clay at the same time, some of those mineral substances which they previously contained in less abundance. The addition of marl to the land acts often in a similar two-fold capacity. It renders clay lands more open and friable, and to all soils brings an addition of carbonate, and generally of phosphate of litne, both of which are proved by experience to be not only very influential, but to be absolutely necessary to healthy vegetation. That much benefit to the land would in many instances accrue from such simple admixtures as those above adverted to, where the means are avail- able, will be readily granted. The only question on the subject that ought to arise in the mind of a prudent man, is that which is connected with the economy of the case. Is this the most profitable way in which I can spend my money ? Can I em- ploy the spare labor of my men and horses in any other w«y which will yield me a larger return .^ ]t is obvious that the answer to these question.? will be modified by the circumstances of the dis- trict in which he lives. It may be more profitable to drain — or labor may be in great request and at a high premium — or a larger return may be ob- tained by the investment of money in purchasing new than in improving old lands. Salt as a Manure. We know that plants require for their sustenance and growth, a certain supply of each of the con- stituents of common salt, which supply, in general, they must obtain from the soil. If the soil in any field contain naturally a sufficient quantity of com- mon salt, or of chlorine and soda in any other state of combination, it will be unnecessary to add this sub.stance ; or if added, it will produce no bene- ficial effect. If, on the other hand, the soil contain little, and has no natural source of supply, the ad- dition of salt may cause a considerable increase in the crop. Now there are certain localities in which we can say beforehand that common salt is likely to be abundant in the soil. Such are the lands that lie along the sea-coast, or which are exposed to the action of prevailing sea winds. Over such districts the spray of the sea is constantly borne by the winds and strewed upon the land, or is lift- ed high in the air, from which it descends after- wards in the rains. This consideration, therefore, affords us the important practical rule in regard to the application of common salt — that it is most likely to be beneficial in spots which are remote from the sea or are sheltered from the prevailing sea winds. This consideration, it may be hoped, will induce many practical men to proceed with more confi- dence in making trial of its effects on inland situa- tions. But some plants are more likely to be benefited by the application of common salt than others. Observations are still wanting to show which of our cultivated crops is most favored by common salt. Some crops may delight more in salt than others ; and if we consider how much alkaline mat- ter is contained in the tops and bulbs of the pota- to and turnip, we are almost justified in concluding that generally common salt will benefit green crops more than crops of grain, and that it will promote more the dcvelopemeiit of the leaf and stem than the filling of the ear. If this be so, we can readi- ly understand how a soil may already contain abun- dance of salt to supply with ease the wants of one crop, and yet too little to meet the demands of another crop. — Johnston's Lectures on the Jjpplicci- lion of Chemislrij to .Agriculture. 42 NEW ENGLAND FARMER ATJG. 9, 1S43 INDIAN CORN. The great crop of tlie United States, n-lielher we look at quantity or value, is unquestionably our corn crop. Four hundred and filty millions of bushels in 1640, and probably five hundred millions jn 1842, show the importance of this grain to us. And yet the quantity now prown is nothing, a mere drop in the bucket, compared with what we might do, should circumstances render it advisable to in- crease the production to an extent that might easi- ly be reached on the present cultivated lands of the Union. In order to show at a glance what might be done, we have taken the pains to collect u. few instances of good crops that have been grown among us, and would remark that on a very large portion of our soils, in favorable seasons, and with the cultivation corn should receive, crops like the ones named may be as well grown as inferior ones. It is true, we now and then meet with a farmer or writei, who asserts that no man ever saw 75 bushels of corn grow on an acre, and that the far- mer should be contented with 25 ; but the only emotions excited by such, are contempt for the ig- norant confidence shown, and pity that in this coun- try men should be found so far behind the times. Bush- pur acre. 136 118 172 1-2 170 132 112 121) 136 174 ]1(> 115 142 108 140 103 140 J 00 JVame and place of cvltirator. R. H. Rose, Silver Lake, Pa., John Stevens, Hoboken, N. J., J. & M. Pratt, Madison, N. Y., Samuel Chidsey, Cayuga, N. Y., Earl Stimson, Saratoga, N. Y., Wm. M'Clure, Alleghany co. Pa., Joseph Evans, Washington co. Pa.i B. Bartlett, Eaton, N. Y., T. & H. Little, Nowburyport, Mass., •t (( u Mr Wilmarth, Taunton, Mass., Charles Bugbee, Palmer, Mass., Benj. liutler, Chenango, N. Y., "Old Farmer," Rhode Island, Asahel Renick, Pickaway co. Ohio, S. Lathrop, \V. Springfield, Mass., P. Reybold, Newcastle, Del. (av. of 22 acr.) 100 5-7 R. H. Shellon, Cayuga, co. N. Y., E. Humphreys, Caledonia, N. Y., R. Lamprey, Moultonborough, N. H. Mr Brown, Strafford, N. H., P. P. Pilsbury, Tuflonborough, N. H. J. F. Osborn, Cayuga co. N. Y. J. Sherman, " " 108 110 131 116 130 144 121 112 120 158 120 193 154 116 122 113 132 Mr Ellsworth, Conn. G. \V. Williams, Bourbon co. Ky. W. Ingalls, Oswego co. N. Y. J. Myers, Canton, Ohi», W. Ingalls, Oswego co. N. Y. B. Bradley, Bloomfield, N. Y. Samuel Phelps, Cayuga, N. V. Wm. Ingell, Oswe^'O, N. Y. W. Wilcox, Saratoga, N. Y. The number of such crops, whore the product exceeded 100 bushels per acre, might be extended to a great length from the list in our possession, but the above is sufficient. Still we imagine some tanners will say, (some have said so,) that the man •who puts manure and labor enough on an acre to get 100 biisliels of corn, is a loser. We would ask how ? A man may cultivate an acre of corn and get 30 bushels an acre, and he will be a loser. But it is scarcely possible when the product is 100. In such a case, all over 50 bushels may be consid- ered profit. In addition to this, his acre of land is placed in a condition to produce more good crops, and the additional amount of these is to be added to the list of profits. The man who has brought 30 acres of land to such a state that it will produce 100 bushels of corn per acre, is far better off than the one who has 100 acres, yielding only 25 bushels per acre; and of this fact we are happy to find many of our farmers are beginning to be well convinced. It is unnecessary to say the remarks we have made respecting corn, are equally applicable to any other grain or grass, and that the grand secret of success is to cultivate no more land than you can make rich. — Alb. Cull. ADVANTAGE OF USING LIME IN FORM OF COMPOST. As there are many cases in which lime ought to be applied unmixed and in the caustic state, so there are others in which it is best and most bene- ficially laid on the land in a mild state and in the form of compost. 1. When lime is required only in small quanti- ties, it can be more evenly spread when previously well mixed with from three to eight times its bulk of soil. 2. On light, sandy, and gravelly soils, when of a dry character, unmixed lime will bring up much cow-wheat (mtlampyrum) and red poppy. If they are moist soils, or if rainy weather ensue, the lime is apt to run into mortar, and thus to form either an impervious subsoil, or lumps of a hard conglome- rate, which are brought up by the plow, but do not readily yield their lime to the soil. These bad consequences are all avoided by adding the lime in the form of compost. •3. Applied to grass lands — except the soil be .stiff clay, or much coarse grass is to be extirpated, it is generally better and safer to apply it in the compost form. The action of the lime on the ten- der herbage is by this means moderated, and its exhausting effect lessened upon soils which con- tain little vegetable matter. 4. In the compost form the same quantity of lime acts more immediately. While lying in a state of mixture, those chemical changes which lime either induces or promotes have already, to a certain extent, taken place, and thus the sensible effect of the lime becomes apparent in a shorter time after it has been laid upon the land. 5. This is still more distinctly the case when, besides earthy matter, decayed vegetable substan- ces, ditch scourings, and other refuse, are mixed with the lime. The experience of every practical man has long proved how very much more enrich- ing such composts are, and more obvious in their effects upon the soil, than the simple application of lime alone. 6. It is stated as the result of extended trial in Flanders and in parts of France, that a much smaller quantity of lime laid on in this form will produce an equal effect. For this, one cause may be, that the rains are prevented from acting on the mass of compost as they would do upon the open soil — in washing out either the lime itself or the saline substances which are produced during its contact with the earthy and vegetable matter with which it is mixed. 7. The older the compost the more fertilizing ia its action. This fact is of the same kind with that generally admitted in respect to the action of marls ' and unmixed lime — that it is more sensible in the second year or in tlie second rotation, than in the first. In conclusion, it may be stated that this form of application is especially adapted to the lightest and driest soils, and to such as are poorest in vege- table matter. — Johnston's Lectures. SEA-WEED AS A MANURE. Among green manures of great value is the sen- weed or sea-ware of our coasts. The marine plants of which it is composed, differ from the green vegetables grown upon land in — 1. The greater rapidity with which they undergo decay. When laid as top-dressing upon the land they melt down, ss it were, and in a short time al- most entirely disappear. Mixed with soil into a compost or with quick lime, they speedily crumble down into a black earth, in which little or no trace of the plant can be perceived. 2. By the greater proportion of saline or other inorganic matter which these plants, in their dry state, contain. It is these substances which are obtained in the form of kelp when dry sea-weeds are burned in the air. The ash from 1000 lbs. of kelp, according to Fagerstrom, consists ol" — Gypsum, 63 4 lbs. Carbonate of lime, 34.1 <" Iodide of sodium, 2.7 " Other salts of soda, 29.9 " Silica, oxide of iron, and earthy phosphates, 31.1 u 161.2 This ash contains less potash, but more soda and gypsum, than the grasses, and hence may be ex- pected to exercise a somewhat different influence upon vegetation, from other green manures. It is of importance to bear in mind that the sa- line and other inorganic matters which are con- tained in the sea-weed we lay upon our fields, form a positive addition to the land. If we plow in a green crop where it grew, we restore to the soil the same saline matter only which the plants have taken from it, while the addition of sea-weed im- parts to the soil an entirely new supply. In the Western Isles, sea-weed is extensively collected and employed as a manure — and on the north-east coast of Ireland, the farming fishermen go out in their boats and hook it up from conside- rable depths in the sea. It is applied either immediately as a top-dressing, especially to grass lands — or it is previously made into a compost with earth, with lime, or with shell- sand. Thus mixed with lime, it has been used with advantage as a top-dressing for the young wheat crop; and with shell-sand it is the general manure for the potato crop among the VVestern islanders. It may also be mixed with farm-yard manure or even with peat moss, both of which it brings into a more rapid fermentation. In some of the Western Isles, and in Jersey, it is burned to a light, more or less coaly powder, and in this form is applied successfully as a top-dressing to various crops. There is no reason to doubt that the most economicel method is to make it into a compost with absorbent earth and lime, or to plow 11 in at once in the fresh state. In the Western Islands, one cartload of. farm- yard manure is considered equal to 2 1-2 of fresh sea-weed, or to 1 3-4 after it has stood two months in a heap. The sea-weed has this value only with respect to its action on the first crop Ibid. VOL. XXII. XO. 0. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 4S From the Albany Cullivator. CANADA THISTLES-ABORTION IN COWS. Messrs. Gaylord S,- Tucker — Our friend, Dr. Thomson, of Wilmington, Del., has given yon, in the last number of the Cultivator, an account of two evils that have invaded our noighborhood, which seem to call for the serious consideration of your readers in every part of the country. Unfor- tunately, I have suffered in the same way, and would therefore record my e.vperience for public benefit. Some years since, a neglected farm came into my hands, where was an orchard of 1 1-4 acres, of which ihe Canada thistle had taken possession. As my wish was to go to the root of the evil, [ deter- mined to cut evi^ry thistle below the ground, just as ihey had attained the height of about fifteen inches, and apply a toaspoonful of salt to the bleed- ing root; conceiving, if the remedy had been soon- er applied, some of the distant fibres might have escaped and set up for themselves. They were now in full vigor, and bled profusely ; so the salt being taken into circulation, the result was total extirpation, root and branch. True, it was a labo- rious business, and the neighbors thought it would " never pay ;" but it did, most amply, for not a thistle has since made its appearance, nor was the herbage at all injured by the application ; nay, I have no doubt it was benefitted ultimately. Dr. Thomson has a small patch of these pests in a low meadow, the grass of which is peculiarly vigo- rous : I was grieved, the last time I passed, to see that he had dug a trench around the spot, about two feet wide and deep, throwing the earth on the sides, so as to isolate the circle, and was told he intended to cut the grass, and then cover the spot with salt so thickly as to destroy every vestige of vegetation. Now here again my experience has taught me : I once owned a small field of Lu- cerne, and finding that the natural grasses of the soil had begun to usurp the land, I made several experiments to ascertain the quantity of salt ne- cessary for the destruction of the grasses, without injuring the deeply rooted Luzerne; this I found, but after the finer grasses had been annihilated, the land became filled with those of a coarse and deeply rooted species, which totally ruined oiy Lu- cerne patch. And will not this be the result on the Doctor's fine meadow ? The bank of earth thrown up will be covered with weeds of gigantic growth, the present season ; and long after it has been returned to the trench from whence it had been dug, will it require the greatest care and la- bor for their eradication ; while, or I am much mis- taken, the finer herbage within the circle will bo totally destroyed by the salt, and its place, filled with coarser grasses, will remain an unsightly gall for years. Now all this might have been avoided, and the destruction of the thistles accomplished, by a boy with a sharp knife and a box of salt, in tlie space of an hour, if taken at the proper season, and tlie herbage eventually benefitted by the ope- ration ; but 80 true it is, that a man can manage the business of hia neighbor better than his own, and one would almost suspect that it is in this light the injunction of holy writ is to be understood, when we are told, " Let every one look upon the things of his neighbor." Dr. Thomson has suffered greatly from abortion amongst his dairy cows. It is fortunate that he did not go deeply into the improved breeds, else the loss would have been grievous. He considers it safer to change entirely his stock of milch cattle, many of which are excellent ; but is he sure this will remedy the evil ? It is perfectly right to ad- vise the removal of the foetus, &c. with the cow herself from amongst the herd ; but abortion is the effect of a cause that must have its origin else- where. What does the Doctor think of the conjec- ture that it arises from the nature of the pasture and the surrounding atmosphere ? — a damp, low, rich soil engendering, so it is confidently asserted, the growth of ergot on the luxuriant herbage, and producing a state of malaria which is believed to be the fruitful source of disease and abortion, amongst cattle as well as the human species. These situations are generally Restitute of fresh and living springs of v/ater ; the drink of the ani- mals must therefore be contaminated with putrid vegetable matter, and be rendered peculiarly un- wholesome. The observation that the cows were in good con- dition and had wintered well, and that no ill condi- tioned health in the animals had been detected, is no argument against this hypothesis ; for I would ask, whether the evil is not generally experienced in such situations and under similar circumstances? And can any of your readers give us instances of the prevalence of the disease cm upland districts, where the herbage is short, dry and sweet, the air dry and healthy, and the water pure and ever-flow- ing ? For myself, I have observed that the evil has been alarmingly prevalent amongst dairies where the cattle have been in high condition, upon rich and rank pasturage ; and I would venture to ask the Doctor — than whom I know of no one more competent to answer the question — whether, in liis professional capacity, he does not much of- tener meet with cases of abortion among his rich and luxuriously living patients, than among those who are accustomed to be abroad in wholesome air, and constrained to take exercise, with perhaps spare diet — the evil arising from a too soft and re- laxed habit of body .' But now to the remedy. You must know, Messrs. Editors, I am such an advocate for the use of salt, even to profusion, that, to be consistent, I believe I may say I take myself about a pound a week. We know that sheep may be fed with impunity on soils confessedly unsound, if allowed salt in their troughs, and are removed to higher lands for the night; and I have no doubt the evil of abortion might be prevented by sucli a course of treatment. It is conlemptille to hear some of our agricultural friends recommend salting their stock once a week ! Wore I thus to be re- stricted, I have an idea I should be dead in about that time. Parker, in his Treatise on Salt, says : " A person who kept sixteen farm horses, made the following experiment with seven of them, which had been accustomed to take salt with their food. Lumps of rock salt were placed in their mangers, and these lumps, previously weighed, were examined weekly, to ascertain what quantity had been consumed ; and it was repeatedly found that whenever these horses were fed on old hay and grain, they consumed only from 2 l-S to 3 ounces per day ; but when they were fed with new hay, they took .5 ounces per day !" Now cannot we apply the reasoning of these animals to the case in point, and by allowing them as much salt as they require — they being the best judges of how much that ought to be — reduce the catalogue of diseases about one-half; and amongst these, abor- tion and the Cnnnda thistle ? JVeiecastte ro., Del., 17(/i July, 1843. D. From the same. FORK FOUND IN THE STOMACH OF A COW. Messrs. Gaylord ^- Tucker — In December last, Mr. Martin Bishop, near this town, slaughtered a cow, in whose stomach was found a common two pronged table fork. Regarding the circumstance as unusual, I recjuested Mr. Bishop to give me some account of it for publication. A few days since, I received from him the fork referred to, together with a part of the sternum, or breast bone, into which it had penetrated. 'J'he fork was probably swallowed by tlie eow while drinking slop from the kitchen. How long it had been in the stomach is uncertain ; but there is no doubt that it would soon have made its way tlirough the body of the animal, which it ie likely would have been done without any farther inconvenience than had already been experienced. From appearances, it would seem that the prongs of the fork first pierced that part of the stomach lying near the posterior termination of the sternum : that the stomach had become firmly attached to the sternum, so that there was no pos- sibility of its contents passing out at the aperture made by the fork ; and tliat the fork had not only passed through the stomach, but nearly through the bone which has opposed its progress. It had en- tered the sternum at a point between tlie two last ribs which are attached to it, and had worked in so far, that the points of the prongs had nearly protru- ded on the opposite side. That part of the stom- ach around the fork had assumed the form of a tube, resembling, in the language of Mr. Bishop, "a speaking trumpet," the small end attached to the sternum. I subjoin n brief note from Mr. Bishop : Zantsville, O., March, 1843. S. H. "Mr. Howard — The fork and bone which I send you, were taken from a cow which I slaughtered on the 9th of December last. This cow was dried off on or about the middle of September, but not without much difficulty, so great was the flow of milk. The pasture in which she ran was good, and I did not commence feeding her until Novem- ber, and then only once a day, with corn in the ear. In this way she was fed through November, or until within a week of killing her. The last week of feeding, she was put in a stable, and her feed and water given regularly, three times a day, she continuing to eat large and full meals to the last. While this cow was living, there was no ap- pearance of disease, except an occasional stiffness in her limbs, but then only in case of her being ex- posed to cold storms. I can give you no definite idea when this cow could have taken the fork into the stomach; but from all 1 can learn, it could not have been later than March l.»st, (1842.) The fork, you will perceive, is in a good state of pre- servation. Respectfully yours, M. BisHor." My system is to work a tree just as I do the corn plant; the one a? an annual, the other as a peren- nial ; give the tree all the cultivation it is to have while young, and when the tree puts on the ap- pearance ofVeiiia'ufe decay, I give to it a coat of manure spread upon the surface of the ground : this I apply in the fall of the year, always prefer- ring long to short manure, and when ashes are dee'med n'eccssary I have put them on in the spring. — Cor. Mb. Cul. 44 NEW ENGLAND FARMER AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF THE CITV OF NEW VORK. Sixteenth Annual, Fair. Tlie great Annual Fair of thia Institute, nnd ex- hibition of specimens of the productions of labor, art and g-enius of our country, will open at Niblo's Garden, in the city o'f New York, on Tuesday, the 10th day of October next, at 9 o'clock, A. M. Fri- day and Saturday previous, are assigned for the reception of articles generally, whether for exhibi- tion merely, or in competiHon for premium; and Monday, the 9th of October, for arranging the ar- ticles brought to the Fair. Exhibitors, whether for competition or not, desirous of favorable loca- tions for their contributions, should bring them the f;rst receiving day, or early on the second, as it will enable the managers to perfect the general ar- rangement of the articles in season for opening the Fair to the public. Special days and times will be allotted for cattle and other stock, and for certain articles, sucli ns flowers, &c., designed for the Agricultural and Horticultural rooms. Farmers, gardeners, manufacturers, mechanics, artisans, and friends of improvement generally throughout our republic, are invited to second the efforts of the Institute with their wonted American spirit, which for fifteen years past, has made its an- niversaries the pride of our country, and imparted to them that national character which the Legisla- ture, in the formation of its charter, contemplated. Gold and silver medals, diplomas, and other valua- ble bestowments, will be conferred as rewards for skill and industry, under the sanction of competent and disinterested judges; and all the preparations and accommodations for both exhibitors and visi- tors, will be provided with the same liberality as at former celebrations. The whole receipts of the Institute have ever been deemed as so much placed in trust to be dis- rensed for the promotion of American industry and improvements; and they have always been faith- fully disbursed. This Institute, acting in the place of a county agricultural society, under a general law of the State, feels that the farming interests Iiave high and continued claims for special regard. In addition to the exhibition of cattle, horses, sheep, swine, &c., efforts will be made to obtain a very full display of all the varieties of poultry. A plowing match will also bo held in this vicinity. The productions of the factory and the work- shop, of the loom, the forge, and all the varieties of handicraft machinery, with new nnd useful in- ventions, will have places reserved for them. Steam power, for giving motion to machinery, and instru- ments for measuring the power required for vari- ous purposes, will be provided. Exhibitors should bear in mind that their specimens will bespread before more than two hundred thousand people, and be noticed in newspapers and publications that go into all parts of the world. A number of ap- propriate and eloquent addresses, beside the anni- versary discourse, will bo delivered in the lartre saloori, and at the Cattle Show, Plowing Matcli, Silk Convention, &c. Special premiums will be bestowed on the exhi- bition of the greatest variety of valuable household manufactures. A conspicuous place will be re- served for the beautiful displays of the productions of female hands, which for fifteen years have de- lighted those immense throngs that have crowded our halls and saloons. Extraordinary efforts will be made to procure a full display of American AUG. 9, 1843. silk. The statistical returns of increasing quanti- ties the last few years, bring us inevitably to the conclusion, that this precious commodity is destin- ed soon to rank with cotton and wool, in its impor- tance as an American staple. For the purpose of accurately ascertaining the present condition and the future prospects of this branch of domestic in- dustry, a Silk Convention will be held in the city of New York, some time during the Sixteenth Fair. Every silk cultiirist and manufacturer in the Union, is invited to bring their best specimens, with all the correct data at their command; from which a report will be compiled and distributed through the country, that will, we trust, forever set- tle the question in favor of the cultivation of silk in the United States. We call upon all silk cul- turists and manufacturers to aid in this laudable object. Tlie cry is/rom all quarters loud and oft- en repeated — "Give us a new staple to diversify labor, and new employment for that which ma- chinery has displaced, and consummate our practi- cal national independence." In tlie growth of silk we have an article provi- dentially adapted to all our varied soils and lati- tudes, well calculated to counteract sectional sel- fishness, and to produce a harmonious moral influ- ence; and the vent for it in the markets of the world will exceed our ability to produce for centu- ries to come. Let us, if the silk culture and man- ufacture are feasible, and can be made to remu- nerate, advance at once to the point required. And how can this be better ascertained than by a Collection of facts by means of the coming exhibi- tion and convention.' Wo invoke the aid of those far-reaching, pene- trating, disinterested minds, with true American hearts, warm in their country's welfare, who can appreciate the benefits of associations like the American Institute, employing its whole means to invigorate industry, quicken invention, and impart activity and fire to genius, spreading its peaceful, genial influences far and wide, to make man bet- ter, and multiply and diversify his comforts. Eve- ry village, district and neighbornood, and almost every family, should furnish some contribution, and be themseves welcome participators in this great annual national jubilee. JAMES TALLMADGE, President. T. B. Wakeman, Cor. Sec'ry. P. S. — Editors of newspapers and other periodi- cals will confer a favor on a large portion of their readers, and oblige the American Institute, by ene or more insertions of the foregoing address. Comniunications should be addressed to the Cor- responding Secretary. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF TLOWERS. Saturday, July 29, 1843. The show of flowers in the stands was rather limited, from the severe drought of the previous three weeks; still there were several stands well filled with very fine specimens. From Wm. Melier, Roxbury ; Nereum splen- dens, Holly Oak Sweet Pea, and several Bouquets. From Dr. Howard and J. Hovey, showy Bou- quets. From Josiah Lovett, fine Seedling Picotees. From S. R. Johnson, a fine variety of cut flow, ers, remarkable for the freshness of their foliage, and free from the depredations of insects, consPst- ing of fine Chinese and hardy Roses, double flow- ering Pomegranate, double scarlet Lychnis, Phlox- es, Foxglove, Balsams, nnd six vars. Verbenas. From S. Walker, Roxbury ; five large and showy Bouquets, composed of a beautiful variety of rare flowers, well combined. From J. L. L. F. Warren, seven fine Bouquets, well put together, composed of fresh flowers, com-' bined with branches of the delicate geum and smoke tree, which were much admired. Also, fine Water Lilies, from his garden pond. Dahlias, var. Beauty of the Plain, Constantia, Pickwick, Lord Ingestrie, d;c., and a branch of a Bartlett Pear tree, {removed in the spring,) in its second bloom, the frost having killed all the first crop' of flowers. From H. W. Dutton, a basket of ordinary Dah- lias and cut flowers. From the Public Garden, a plant of the Achi- mcnes longiflora, (Trevirana Endlicher,) in a pot, in bloom. It is a pretty little bushy plant, with a bi-colored leaf, and a large rich blue flower. For the Committee, H. W. DUTTON. To JCash Jl'ootlen Goods — The art of washing woollen goods so as to prevent them from shrink- ing, is one of the desiderata in domestic, economy, wortliy of being recorded, and it is therefore with satisfaction that wo explain this simple process to our readers. All descriptions of woollen goods should be washed in very hot water with soap, and as soon as the article is cleansed, immerse it in cold water; then let it be wrung and hung up to dry. — Exch. pap. Let every one cultivate flowers. They require little space, they furnish a tasteful and healthful employment, and contribute much to the happiness which forms tho grand object of pursuit with all .m. Cull. EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. From S. Glover, Roxbury ; fine specimens of Red and White Currants ; also, a fine specimen of large Gooseberries. From John Hovey, Roxbury ; fine specimen of large Black Mulberries. From Dr. John C. Howard, Brookllne ; fine spe- cimens of Black Hamburg Grapes, the largest ber- ries ever exhibited at the hall ; also, fine White Chasselas do. ; Green Chissellond Pears, fine for the season. From J. F. Allen, Salem ; Montmorency Cher- ries, Black Figs, and Gross Mignonne Poaches excellent as usual. From Josiah Lovett, Beverly ; Red Seedlin" Currants, of fine promise ; also, White Currants" and some superior Raspberries. From Messrs. Hovey, Cambridgeport ; the Ever- bearing Raspberry, recently introduced from Ohio. This berry gives good promise, but is more like our common Thinibleberries than Raspberries. Also, four boxes Raspberries. From B. V. French, Braintree ; Heatli's Early Nonesuch Apples. J'rom Otis Johnson, Lynn ; Black Hamburg and Zinfindell Grapes — fine flavor ; Florence Che°rrie8, fine Gooseberries, and Cooledge's Favorite Peaches. From J. A. Kenrick, Newton ; Belle Magnifique Cherries. From A. D. Williams, Roxbury; fine specimens of Red and White Currants. The bunches of white were very large and fine. From J. L. L. F. Warren, a large exhibition of fine Raspberries, Transparent and seedling Cherries. For the Committee, B. V. FRENCH. >!.. xTit. NO. 0. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 45 I Traiisaclions of ihe N. Y. Stale AgiicuUural Society. ZK ESSAY ON THE PREPARATION AND USE OF MANURES. BV WILLIS GATLORU. liquid Manure. — There ia but one olher nia- I of animal origin to whicli it will be necessa- ) allude in this place, and that i-i urine, or as i commonly called, liquid manure. Analysis cs that this is a substance peculiarly rich in trials required by plants, and e.vporience en- !s the results of analysis; yet not one farmer thousand makes an effort to convert this mine ches to any account, but the whole is most ge- Uy lost to him. Dr. Dana gives the following 10 constituents of cattle urine, which may stand le type of all others, though human urine and of the horse differ from this in the character quantity of some of the salts contained in them: Water, 65 Urea, 5 ]ione dust, 5 Sal ammoniac and muriate of potash, 15 Sulphate of potash, C Carbonate of potosh and ammonia, 4 100 alue Urine. — Compared with cattle dung, it be seen that while that gives only 2 lbs. of anate of ammonia to 100 lbs. of dung, the ; gives 5 lbs. of ammonia in its urea, and near- ree times that amount in the other ammonia- alts. One-third of urine is composed of salts, :o action on vegetation is of the most ener- : and favorable kind ; and yet there are thou- s who call themselves pretty good farmers, use ail reasonable precaution to preserve the parts of their animal manures, that have nev- ade an effort to save that which is of far the test value, the liquid part. But it must not be otten that soils must contain decayed organic er or humus for these salts to act upon, other- liquid manure or pure urine can do no good. :re the wash of the barnyard and stables is sa- the loss of a large part of the urine is pre- ed ; but when, as is too often the case, this is lly lost, not only is the urine thrown away, but rge part of the soluble humus of the manure impanies it. It is an excellent plan, there- . to have some reservoir for the reception of 1 liquid matters as would otherwise be lost. If cannot be done, cover the bottom of your yards muck, or even common loam, as this will ab- and retain much of the urine and liquid mat- of the dung. Experience has demonstrated a load of loam, saturated with urine, has a 2 powerful effect on vegetation, than the same itity of best rotted stable manure. Human e is richer in salts useful to vegetation than other, containing, according to Dr. Thompson, 00 parts, 42 1-2 lbs. of salts. The slightest ution on the part of the farmer, might prevent loss of this ; and many a load of swamp muck, )ain mixed with gypsum, might, when satura- with urine, be added to his available manures, lid manures, or rather urine, differs much in sails it contains, according as the food is rich otherwise. " White turnips give a weaker e than the Swedish, and green grass is worse 1 either," according to Dr. Dana. Turner and leg found that urine of fattening animals is er in salts than that of store animals. Indeed, law so well known with regards to solids, that the richer the food the more valuable the dung, it is probable holds good in regard to the urine also. Sool. — Soot ia a valuable manure, peculiarly rich in humus as well as salts, and in its composi- tioii more nearly allied to the .=olid substance of animals, than any thing else. It contains of hu- mus or gcine 30.70, of nitrogen 20., and of salts of lime 2.1.31 part.s in 100. It also abounds in salts of soda, potash and ammonia. According to the analysis of Dr. Dana, 100 lbs. of soot contains as many of the valuable salts as a ton of cow dung, and its nitrogen, compared with that manure, is as 40 to 1. The ordinary farmer can make but little use of soot, as it is not to be liad in the country in any considerable quantities ; but those in the vi- cinity of cities may avail themselves of this ma- nure with much profit. P'or the gardener or the floriculturist, soot is an excellent manure ; but care must be taken not to use it too freely, as we have known tender garden plants at once destroy- ed by too liberal applications of it, particularly in a dry state. Mixed with water, in the proportion of six quarts of soot to one hogshead of water, it has been found a most efficacious liquid for water- ing plants, particularly those grown in groen hou- ses. Jlshes. — Ashes, leached or otherwise, are of great value as a fertilizer, especially when used on soils that are sandy or light. Unleached, the potash contained goes to form silicate of potash, and gives the supply of silex necessary for the stems of the grasses or corn ; and leached, al- though the potash is the greater part of it separa- ted, the remaining phosphates of lime and magne- sia go far to restoring to the fields on which such ashes are strewn, the necessary matters of which previous cropping has deprived them. 100 parts of the ashes of the wheat grain contains 32 parts of soluble, and 44 parts of insoluble phosphates, in all 70 parts. The value of ashes abounding in the required phosphates, when used on grain lands, may be seen at once, as well as the folly of those farmers who waste or sell the ashes produced in their dwellings. Lime. — There is no substance, containing no animal or vcgetalile matter, which exercises a more powerful or beneficial effect than lime, in some one or all of its forms of carbonate, phosphate and sul- phate. In the common form in which it is found, that of a carbonate, it acts in two ways, mechani- cally and chemically. Being less porous than sand, and more so than clay, its mixture improves soils in which either of these prevail ; while as an alkaline earth, it acts chemically on such animal or vegetable matters as may exist in the eoil. Lime develops its chemical action most fully when in its caustic state, or when by burning, the carbonic acid has been expelled, and the lime rendered what is termed quicklime. In this state, it dissolves such organic matter as may exist in soils, and pre- pares it for the food of plants. Humus frequently exists in the soil in a solid and insoluble state ; lime applied to this, renders it soluble in water, in which form it may be taken up by the roots of plants. A vast deal of needless controversy has been carried on respecting the value of lime as a manure, or the quantity which should be used per acre. By some, it has been extolled as the very highest on the list of effective manures ; while oth- ers have decried it as of no use whatever ; and both have appealed to experiments as establishing their positions. A knowledge of the nature of the action of lime, would have prevented such seeming contradictions. " Lime in excess, forms, from the humus of the soil, an insoluble salt ; and may thus when applied to a soil abounding in salts of lime or in which it already exists, be productive of in- jury, whatever may be the vegetable or organic matter of the soil. In this state" of excess, lime converts, but at the same time locks up, iho humus of the soil; when if applied in the right quantity, it would have been useful. Lime is of no value whatever as a converter, or produces no chemical effect in promoting growth, unless there is organic matter in the soil on which it can act. Lime is most efficient when used on soils full of insoluble humus, such as peaty matter or woody fibre, but which, from the abundance of the tannin principle contained, resist the ordinary processes of decomp- otition." There would seem to , bo no difficulty, therefore, in determining whether liine can be used on any given soil to profit. Indeed there are, it is believed, none where it would not be useful, ex- cept such as are already supplied with this carbo- nate, or those which are wholly destitute of vegeta- ble or organic matter. As a general rule, the greater the quantity of humus in a soil, the greater the amount of lime which may be applied with be- nefit. As long as there is a store of organic mat- ter in the soil, lime, if not in excess, is a valuable manure; but when this is exhausted, the applica- cation of lime only increases the sterility by de- stroying such efforts at vegetation as might in time, aided by light and moisture, partially remove the unproductiveness existing. This fact may serve to explain some of the conflicting statements that have appeared in the agricultural journals of our country, on the use of lime. Where humus is abundant, the quantity that may be safely used, ia very great ; on soils already poor, a small portion speedily exhausted the remaining powers of the soil. Lime, from its alkaline qualities, acts in neutralizing whatever free acids exist in soils, whether exalic, phosphoric, malic, or others. It acts also in decomposing some of the earthy or compound salts formed in the soil, and thus ren- ders the geine held by them, available to the plant; but its great and most important use is in convert- ing the insoluble organic matters existing, into so- luble ones, and thus directly furnishing an abun- dant source of nutriment. Carbonate of lime ia sometimes used pounded or broken fine ; and in this state, its mechanical value is great in stiff' or clay soils. Such soils too, usually abound in acids ; and these gradually acting on the lime gra- vel, its chemical effect is slowly but beneficially apparent. [To be continued.] Curious Potato. — We understand that Gen. Tallmadge, of New York has with considerable difficulty obtained some specimens of a very cu- rious Potato which it is believed may bo introduc- ed into this country with eminent profit and advan- tage. The few he has been able to procure were raised in Charleston, S. C. from seed recently brought from South America. This potato is not a radical bulb — but is borne above ground, upon a vine which should be trained on a trollise. — The one from which these were gathered covered the end of a piazza and reached the height of fifteen feet. The vine is said to be very beautiful, bear- ing a heart shaped leaf; and the potatoes it bears of a very excellent quality. It is thought it may be propagated in this climate A*". Y. pap. 46 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, AUG. 9, ISi Ann HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. BosTos, Wednesday, August 9, 1843. BASIS OF EXCELLENCE IN FARM STOCK. Mbany, July 28, 1843. The State Agricultural Society of New York, desi- rous lliat some fixed principles should be established as the basis of e.\cellence in the various descriptions of farm slocli, (without reference to their relative merits as breeds,) have appointed the undersigned a committee, witli instructions to call the particular attiHlion of breed- ers throughout the States to the importance (if the sub- ject, and to make the necessary arrangements for a Con- vention to be held at the Library Room of the American In.slitute, in the city of New York, during its IGth annu- al fair, on the 17th of October next, at which breeders of stock and those interested in agriculture, are most re- ppecirully urged to give their attendance, with a view to a full and free discussion of those forms, qualities and properties which most conduce to intrinsic value; and also that iho distinctive characteristics of each separate breed may be as closely defined as possible. The Society believe that the decision of such a meet- in" will offer to the agriculturist the best information that can, at present, be elicited ; and which, they trust, may be so satisfactory to the mind of every intelligent breeder, as to lead to greater uniformity of action and opinion, and ;)ossi6/j become a standard with them, by which to judge and be judged, in all cases of competi- liOD. With these views of the subject, the committee hope you may deem it of sufficient importance to be present at the proposed Convention, and lend to its discussions the aid of your experience and talents. The committee will be obliged by any suggestions, in the interim, you may consider of sufficient importance to be communicated to them in relation to this object. FRANCIS ROTCH, E. P. PRENTICE, ,C. N. BEMENT, . GEORGE VAIL, L. F. ALLEN. To Allen Putsam, Esq., Ed. of the N. E. Farmer. [p^The gentlemen composing the above committee have for years been noted for their efforts to improve tlie domestic animals of the country. The call which they put forth doserves to be heeded by all raisers of stock, who can without great inconvenience attend their meeting. We think that every reflecting farmer must allow that it is desirable to improve our New England stock. It costs no more to feed a well formed and thrifty animal than to keep an ill shapen and stunted thing. That we have iTood animals of every species in New England, now admits of no question. But every m»n who has ever seen a large drove, whether of cattle, sheep, or swine, on its way to Brighton, must have seen that the indifferent ones bear a very large ratio to the good ones. This ought not to be so extensively the case ; — more care, or rather proper care, in selecting animals to breed from, would in a few years change and improve the character of the droves. We have doubts whether a thousand better cattle for the yoke, or cows for the pail, can be found in any country than New England could furnish from what is called her native stock. But the tminently good ones are few — too few — needlessly few. Improvement ran be made, and it should be made. Lit- tle can be done, however, until our farmers generally shall learn to judge of the comparative merits of the animals on their own farms, or in their neighborhood, and decide correctly as to which are best for the purpo- ses of breeding. Help on this point they may hope to derive from the convention that will meet in obedience to the foregoing call. What points or properties does the perfect animal possess .' In what points is your cow or bull deficient.'— and what male should serve your cow, or what cows should be brought to your bull, in order that the defects of the parents may be corrected in the offspring .= Were all our farmers able to answer such questions, and would they but persevere in atten- tion and care, a better — vastly betler race of animals would be formed in a -very few generations. We have in this vicinity, and there are many in New England, who have been eminently successful in rais- ing stock of various kinds ; and we would join our re- quest to that of the commtitije, that these men sliould attend the Convention. DR. VALENTINE'S METHOD OF PREPARING AND PRESERVING MANURES. On Monday morning, we went out to Messrs. Joseph Breck & Co.'s place at Brighton, where we met Dr. Wm. Valentine, ot Glen Cove, Long Island, N. Y. Dr. V. obviously has read and thouf^ht much upon manures, and he thinks that he has ascertained how, by the use of various articles, not very costly, he can enable any farmer to make bis meadow mud, and other decayed vegetable matters, and his dung, into a very concentra- ted powder, so that a hogshead or two of it shall be an ample dressing for an acre of land. We shall be some- what disappointed if the Dr.'s course is not found to be beneficial. The object proposed by Bommer and oth- ers, who have been acting upon manures, is mainly to rot down straw and other vegetable substances. But, when rotted, such matters cannot be strong manures. Dr. Valentine proposes to take these articles about where the others would leave them, and make of them highly concentrated manures. Under Dr. V.'s direction, a pile was formed, which contained about IG bush, meadow mud, 8 do. of horse manure, 4 do. of ashes, 3 do. of bone, a peck of salt dis- solved in water, and about 2 bush, of lime. All these, excepting the lime, were thrown into a heap, well vi'oik- ed over, and wet with water, until it became a paste about as thick as common morlar. Then a large seed cask, as large as two molasses hogsheads, was set in the ground, the paste thrown in in layers, and the lime in lumps from the cask was applied in intermediate layers. The lime in its action will take up the water and con vert the whole to a powder in three or four days. This powder will not deteriorate by exposure to the atmos- phere. The theory is, that at leisure times the matters on the farm may be worked up into this powder, and thus all future loss prevented. The manure then is in a very portable and concentrated form, and is at all times ready for use. Other articles besides those which were on hand at Mr Breck's, would add much to the value of the mixture — such as pearlash, nitrate of soda,' sulphate of soda, and blood. Adding these. Dr. V. thiDks tiial the mixture would be equal to guano. All interested in agriculture should look with favor upon Dr. v., because of his readiness to tell all that he knows and thinks. As to compensation, he says only that if farmers derive benefit from his instructions, he shall be happy to receive whatever they may be willing to give. The following articles would be used, if at hand, by Dr. v. And were ho mixing for an acre, he might take about 25 bush, meadow mud, or other rotted vegetable matter; 12 bush, barn dung, 5 do. of ashes, 7 do. of bone. These he would make into paste and work like a mortar bed ; had he blood or urine, he w prefer it much to water, for making his paste. The would work in 100 lbs. nitrate of soda, 12 lbs. sulf of soda, 5 lbs. pearlash, and 10 or 12 qts.of salt. T are all to be dissolved m water, and worked in ev through the mass. This paste is then to be put inK hogshead or vat, and about a cask of lime put in in era. This would be his richest puddmg, but ht make much cheaper ones, though less valuable. There will be a sequel to this article, when we seen how the cask opens. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. Saturday, Jivg. 5, 18' The President of the Society presented several su specimens of Lilium lancifolium album — one of splendid acquisitions brought by Dr. Van Sieboldt Japan. Mr Henry W. Dutton exhibited specimens of se new Dahlias, viz : Miranda, Perpetual, Grand, His blooms of Constantia were very fine. Mr Josiah Stickney put the first bloom of Dahlia Essex Triumph into our stands. We hail it as a member at the court of Flora. If reports prove cor this variety will not only be an addition to our fli gardens, but an acquisition of the first order. By Mr J. G. Spiague, Sulphurea elegans — a flower. By Mr John Robinson, two specimens without na If Mr R. would place the names of his flowers oi stands with his specimens, he would oblige us. The Bouquets by Mr Warren, were very fine, as ' some of his specimens of Dahlias. Some of his new rieties bid fair to rank among the Number Ones. The Roses and other very pretty specimens by V: R. Johnson, were much admired. Mr W. E. Carter presented some seedling Phloxe great beauty. The specimens of Balsams by Mr J. F. Trull, ' fine. Bouquets by Dr. J. C. Howard, W. E. Carter, J. I ey, and S. Walker. The cut flowers from the establishment of Mr ^ Kenrick, of Newton, by Miss Russell, were put up great taste, and made a fine display. For the Committee, S. WALKER, Ch'm It is expected that our friends will make a sho' Phloxes next Saturday. S. V EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. The display of fruits this day was not so large as us W. P. Richardson, of Salem, exhibited Cher: which have been described by the late Mr Mannin " Richardson's Late Black." They are dark red, and fine. From A. F. Brown, Dorchester — two boxes Goose ries — large. From Messrs. Winship, Cherries — Belle et Magnifii From Otis Johnson, Lynn — Grapes; Black Hambi Zinfendal, White Muscat of Alexandria — highly colo. From J. F. Trull, Early Scarlet Cherry Plums. From John Hovey, Early Harvest Apples — very t From J. C. Howard, Grapes — Black Hamburg, \V1 Chasselas — very large and fine. Also, Madeline Pe From A. D. Williams, Roxbury — While and 1 Dutch Currants — extra. From Geo. Walsh, English Black Currants ; I Dutch do. ; all fine. From J L. L. F. Warren, While and Red Antw Raspberries — fine. Also, Puiple Figs. For the Commiitee, OTIS JOHNSON EXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES. Tomatoes, bv Dr. J. C. Howard, Brooklme, viz : t\ cimcns of ihe Cuba, Orange, and old Red. Rhubarb, by Messrs. Winship, viz : Alayatt's Vic ria. For the Committee, S.WALKER lO'See Notices for meetings on next page. (CT'We would call the attention of our readers to 1 sale of Durham stock, advertised on another page. XXII, NO. 0. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 47 MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. adjourned meeting of Ihe Societj' will be held on URDAV, Ihe Ililh inst., at II o'clock A. M. EBENEZER WIGHT, ;. 9. Recording Secretary. inrNOTicE. B Comrnitteo of Arrangements will meet at the :,23 Tremunt Row, on Saturday next, at 10 o'clock, — A punctual attendance is requested, as business portance will be acted upon. Per order, S. WALKER, Chmn. g. 0, 1843. THERiWOMETRICAL. Reported (or the New lingland Farmer. ;eof the riienuonieterul the Gardeuof the proprietors \ew England Farmer, Urighton, Mass, in a shaded rlyei^osure, for the week ending Aug. 6. ig. 1843. I 7,A.M. I 12, M. | 5,P.M. \ Wind. ly. 31 53 76 66 1 E. ly. 1 en 78 64 K. !sday, 2 60 74 60 E. Hay, ,3 62 76 74 E. 4 61 87 78 N. E. ay. 6 62 73 65 E. y. G 62 62 Gl E. JHTON MARKET.— Monday, Aug. 7, 1843. Reported for the N. E. Farmer. Market 390 Beef Cattle, 25 Cows and Calves, ^hecp and 200 Swine. CEE.— Coe/ Cattle. — A small advance an the best was affected. We quote a few extra $4.50 a 4.75. quality, $4.25 a 4.50. Second quality, $3.75 a Third quality $3.00 a $3.50. vs and Caices.— Sales $IG, $22 and $2&, ■:p.— Lots were sold from $1.00,1.75, and $2 00. Inc. — Those at market were small shoats, averaging 50, sold for 0 by the lot. At retail 6 and 7. kVIIOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, weekly. ;DS. Herds Grass, $0 UO to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top 50 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Southern, 0 Klaj; Seed, SP 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 3? o. per lb. y Seed, S4 50 per bushel. \IH. Duty, Corn, Rye and Beans, free; Barley 20 ut. ; Oats 20 per cent. 1— Northern, old, bushel 60 to 61— Southern, round , oil, 58 a 59— Southern flat yellow, new, 67 a 58— 1. white S.? a 00— do New Orleans, 50 a 52— Barley I —Rye, Northern, OO a 70— do. Southern, 60 a 62 — Southern, 00 a 00— Northern do. 29 to 31— Beans, per I 00 a 1 62.- Shorts,perdouble bush. 23 a 25 -Bran, i. JUR. A slight impulse was given to the market by ws per last steamer, and prices went up 1-4 of a dollar I. for most descriptions of Western. Southern, how- las not been so favorably effecied, sales being made at us rates, and some parcels a shade less, limore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. So 00 a 3 37 — do. 80 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, So 00 a 5 25— Phila- 3 do. 4 mos. S5 37 a 0 00 — ['""rederickshurg, low I'd 4 35 37 a 0 0— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00, ri;etuwn,|«j50 a 5 75— Richmond Canal, S5 60 a 0 00 City,SU00aO00— Petersburgh.SoutUsideSO 00 a 0 00 Country 80 Oil a 0 00— Genesee, common, cash, $5 12 a do fancy brands S3 25 a 5 31 — Ohio via Canal, 1 0 00— do do \ew Orleans, cash SS.OO a 5 12. Rye, a 4 00— Indian Meal in bbls. 83 00 a 3 25. 3VIS10NS. No material change exists in the mar- mpared with the last quotations. Sales moderate. r_Me8s 4 1110. new hhl. Sa 50 a 8 75— Navy— $7 50 a •No. 1, 7 00 a 7 2.5— do Prime So 00 a 0 00— Pork- clear 4 mo. bhl. S13 0U a 13 50— do Clear 312 00 a 12 50 iess, 11 00 a UO 00— do Prime S9 00 a 9 50— do Mess ilher States,— a do Prime do do So 00 a 0 00 .rgo do. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00— , sliippiug, 0 a O'J— do store, uninspected, 7 a 8— do dairy, 10 cts. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do South and Western, 5 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6J — Southern and Western, 5^ a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 5— do new milk, 5 a 6. WOOL. Duty. The v,ilue whereof at the place of ex- p->rlation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, free. All where- ot the value e.Kceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts. per pound. There has been some demand for fleeces during the week but no sales of magnitude have been made. The niaikctis well supi'licd. Pulled is scarce. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 35— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. l-2ilo 29 a 30-1-4 anrl common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— liengasi do 8 a 10 — Saxony, clean, 00 — Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a 10^ do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 23 a 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. Sales this week in small lots at 14 a 15c for prime quali- ty, an ordinary article sells lor less. The growing crop is said to continue to look well, but is a little later than usual. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb. 15 a 15. 2d do. do. do. 00 a 00. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed SIO to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 3 to 4c.— New 5 to 6. EGGS, 12 a 14. SAYLB'S GARDEN BNGINE:, ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE OP DURHAM CAT- TLE AT AUCTION. The entire herd of improved Durham '¥S'8i3^>'5J short horned Cattle, the property of the late Henry Hudson, Esq. consisung of upwards of twenty head of thorough bred Cows and Heifers and two Hulls ; also, alioui twenty head of hish bred Cows and Heifers will be sold at auction at the Rocky Hill farm, heretofore owned by I\lr. Hudson, about three miles from the city of Hartford, on THURSDAY the 24th of August, 1843, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. This herd have been carefully bred from importations from the herds of Charles Champion, Esq., Mr Welherel, Mr Whitaker and Mr Cuiry, all well known English breeders, and no pains or expense have been spared by the late pro- prietor to procure and breed first rate animals. The sale will be positive and no part of the stock will be disposed of previous to the auction. Per order of the Administrator. SEXTON & SEYIN^UR, Auc'rs. Hartford ug. 4, 1843 . SCIONS FOR BUDDING AND INGRAFTING. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. will supply orders for Scions of the various Fruits, cut from the bearing specimen trees in their experimenial orchards, at 25 cents for each variety They have also above 100 new varieties of Pears and other Iruus recently introduced, which are comprised in the new catalogue of the London Hort. Society and other late publications,— of which they will supply a few Scions at 50 cents for each variety. No order for a less amount than S5 can be executed, and the cash must accompany the orders. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. Liniten Botanic Garden and Nurseries, Flushing. Aug. a, 1843. N. B. A great variety of monthly Tree Roses are now in flower, and 1000 fine Plants 4 feet high can be supplied in October. A splendid article, will throw a constant stream of water to the distance of 50 or 60 feet, with great force, and in case of fire would be a good substitute for a fire engine. The most perfect article for the purpose ever introduced. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed t>tore Nos. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. May 24. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. RBVOLVING horse: RAKE. IT ANTED A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who is well acquainted wilh Gardening in its various branches, and who can give salislactory testimo- nials, wishes a situation. He will, if required, take charge of a horse and cow. Please apply at the Office of the N. E. Farmer, 52 North Market Street. Aug. 8. POUDRETTE ! Pt)UDRETTE : I The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale, Poudrette in quantilies to suit purchasers; packed in Bar- rels in order lor shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest operation upo» vegetable matter, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have eter tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Krookline, will meet with prompt attention. For sale by J. BRECK cSi CO, 61 and 62 North Market St., Boston., Oct. 26. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by .70SEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price S2. Also, the secoud edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price G2i cla. Feb 15. The Revolving Rake which has been in general use in most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most useful and labor saving machines now in use. One man and horse wilh a boy to lead, will rake on an average from 25 to 30 acres per day, wilh ease, and do the work well. They are coming into veiy general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years supersede the use of the common hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person uiing it does not have to stop the horse to unload the rake. For sale at the Agricullurai Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 62, North Market Street, Boston. May 24. JOSEPH BRECK &. Co. CULTIVATORS. Howard's Improved Fixed and Expanded Cultivators, of all sizes. The cultivator is an implement that is com- ing into very general use in all parts of the country, and serves in a great measure in lieu of hoeing. The teelh are so 'constructed as to raise the ground, and leaves it very light and free for cultivation, and at the same time destroys the weeds. These Cultivators are best adapted to free and easy ground, for running through rows of corn, potatoes and veg- etables of all kinds, and used in llie cultivation of Hops, in- stead of the plough and hoe, and are found far superior to either. It is likewise well adapted to harrow in grain and grass seed ; and for the many uses to which this implement may be applied, it must be considered one of the most val- uable and uselul tools that is used on a farm, and is coming into very general use. For sale by J. B KECK & CO., Nos. 61 and 52 North Market st. June 28. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market si. MUCK .MANUAL. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck Man- ual for Farmers. By Dr S. L. Dana; price 62^. 48 NEW ENGLAND FARMER 'AtG. 9, 1S43 MISCELLANEOUS. Aristocratic Tizsles of the Eagle. — A writer in Sillinian's Journal, giving an account of tlie birda of Connecticut, thus describes an eagle, doniesti- cntcd in his yard. It was the great American ea- gle, nr what Audubon has named "the Bird of \V'B6hington" : — " This noble bird was shot in New Canaan, and was sent to me in Stratford, by Mr J. Silliman. He soon recovered from his wound, and became perfectly domesticated. I kept him a while con- fined, but soon found it unnecessary, because if he left my premises, he would return to the stand at night. I have known him to eat fourteen birds, iirostly Muscicapa tyrannus, (king-bird,) and tlien he was satisfied for a week. He appeared to pre- fer this mode of living, and paid no attention to a daily supply. He, however, in the courso of the Bumuier, became so mischievous among the youno' ducks in my neighborhood, that I was compelled to kill bim. A single anecdote of his conduct may not be un- interesting. While he had possession of my front yard, occupying the centre as his stand, (the walk making a semicircle to the door,) he would remain perfectly quiet if ^tnWcmfn or /ai/i'es entered ; but if a person with tattered garments, or such per- sons as were not accustomed to come in at the front door, entered the yard, it was actually dan- gerous for them, and they could only escape the tremendoui grasp of his talons, by running with their full strength and shutting the gate after them. Facts of this kind often occurred, and I was occa- sionally compelled to release from his grasp such individuals as he had taken captive. With one claw in the sward or grass, he would hold quietly any man with the other. My domestics, both male and female, often felt this power of his talons and grasp. He would not allow their passing in that yard, and long acquaintance did not change his temper towards them. If, however, such per- sons passed him in the adjoinmg yard to the door in the rear of the house, he made no complaints. What renders this truly remarkablo was, he had no training to this purpose, while in my possession, and was wild when I received him." This taste for gentility, so far as it is evinced by dress — an abhorrence for rags — is quite com- mon in dogs, as all lovers of the dog know ; but this is the first instance we have known it exhibi- ted in the feathered tribe. — A*. 1'. Amer. Finding a Wife.— To the man of sense and re- flection, the choice of a matrimonial partner is no easy matter. Ball-room matches he considers dan- gerous ; if he be a metropolitan, he hardly dare lake to himself a city wife, for he thinks with Knowles, that "if you would have a maid live in town, breed her out in the country." He will not marry one above his station, lest his wife look down upon him; nor below it, because he cannot afl^brd to do 60. It IS often the case that the family of a poor girl look to her getting " well married" as a desideratum not only for herself, but for them. In such a case, the union is a marriage to a whole family. Innumerable are the methods used in wife hunt- ing, and not a few timid riders spend a whole life- time in avoiding the ditches and dangers, while others more bold dash on, regardless of "consequen- ces, and are repaid with success or ruin, which- ever blind fortune wills. We know an honest and respectable grocer, who is married to an industrious and good woman. He first saw her at a Savings Bank, which he had at- tended some days, under the impression that any female so prudent as to save up sorre money in such an institution, must have other qualities that fitted her to become a good wife. He found a girl that suited him, though she was neither handsome nor accomplished, and he mar- ried her. Yet he never consulted her bank book: he was not mercenary : the mere fact that she did not spend for dress all her wages, was to him suf- ficient recommendation. He has not been disap- pointed in his choice, and ho confidently advises those in want of wive.i, to go occasionally into the Savings Bank.— Portland Trans. Pastoral and Primitive. — The Pittsburg Sun gives the following account of a wedding which recently took place in that neighborhood: " On the 2d inst.. Esquire Miller, magistrate in the borough of Tarentum, in this county, went to the house of a man living five miles back of that place, according to previous appointment, to marry a couple. He arrived at the appointed time, and finding no preparation for a wedding, he began to think he was hoaxed. He consequently went to a field where the man was plowing, to see what was wrong. On his arrival, the man stopped his plow, saying he would 'see if she was coming'; and after walking a few steps, with his eyes fixed on a little hill at a short distance, they saw a beautiful girl of about sixteen, descending its heights, and wending her way towards them. It was" the in- tended bride; and on her arrival they were united in the bonds of matrimony on the spot — after which he went on with his plowing. The man is said to be about 3G." HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements hare tieen made the past vear ii lormand workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould h has heen so formed as to lai/ the fvrrmo com/j/elely , lumin^ in ci-cry particle of grass or stubble. andleavim ground in the best possible manner. The lensth of mould board has bt n very much increased, sS that Plough works v^-ilh the greatest ease, hoth with respe, the holdiLig and the tear*. The Committee at the la\e of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of thePloi we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps s; he inquirer, ,f your land is mostly light and easy to r. try Prouty & Mears, hut if your land is heavy, hard orn BEGIN WITH Ma. HnWAttD's.'' At the above mentioned trial the Howard Plough more leork with the same power of team, than any c plough exhibited No other turned more than twentys. and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while Moward Plough turned twcntmine and one half ineht the same power of team J All acknowledge that Hows madf ^'^ ' strongest and most substant; There lias been quite an improvement made on the s orland side of this Plough, which can he renewed wit! having to f^urnish a new landside: this shoe likewise sec the mould board and landside together, and strengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Sl5. A Ploi sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost al SIO 50, and with cutter $1, with wheel and cutter S' e.xtra. ' The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and relai thelNewEngland Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St Nos. 51 & 62 i\orth Market Street by JOSEPH BRECK & CC SingtUar Incident — A pretty incident, (says the Woonsocket, R. I. Patriot,) of a most novel char- acter, occurred in this town a few days since. Two men partially intoxicated in a bar-room of one of our hotels, after having been engaged in an angry dispute, pulled oft" their coats In order to settle the matter by a regular set-to at fisticufJs ; when at this juncture, a dove, that emblem of peace and innocence, flew into the room and alighted on the shoulder of one of the persons. So sudden and unexpected was the appearance of the bird, and so impressed even were the antago- nists with the singularity of the occurrence, that they refrained from using violence, and gave up the combat. The winged pence-messenger and maker permitted himself to be taken, and at the present writing is receiving the kind attentions of his captor. The progress of life may be compared to the five acts of a play. Act J. The state of innocence. Act 2. The passions. Act 3. Love of study Act 4. Ambition. Act 5. Devotion and quiet To which miglit be added— death. " Spell blind pig with two letters." '•Can't." " Is n't a blind pig a without an i fevel '" " Yes." ^ ' '' " Then P G spells blind pig."— London Punch. GRIIVDSTONES ON FRICTIOSf ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers 8 moved with a foot treader, is found to be a great imprc ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hii in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherei used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be attac ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by BRECK &. Co., No. 61 Morth Market'streel. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for testii the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & CO. KEW ENGL.\ND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if aot p« within sixty days. IS. B.— Postmasters are permitted by law to frank i subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, witho expense to subscribers. TUTTLK AlVD DENNETT. PRIKTER81 ai School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH M.IRKET STREET, (Agbicoltubal Warehodsb.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. >L,. X3KII.1 BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 16, 1843. [NO. 7. N FARMER iS CURCULIO.— WARTY EXCRESENCE ON THE PLUM TREE. [The following comraunication, nddressetl lo the uit Committee uf llio Mass. liortictiltiiral Socie- by Dr. Joel Burnett, of Soutliboro', Mass., poa- 3ses so much of interest to fruit-groivcr?', that we rd make no apiilo>ry for devoting to its insertion large a portion of our space. Dr. B. has been •many years a close observer of the diseases and emios to which the plum tree is liable, and his inions are therefore entitled lo much considera- m,] the Fruit Commitlee of the Mass. Horticnl. Society : Geni'Lemen — Noticing the vote of the Massa- usetts Horticultural Society, in the JVtw England trnirr of July ]■!, 1841, which awards a premium $•200 for destroying the Curculio, and also the te placing the subject under the direction of the •nit Committee, I am induced to address you up- I that subject. I consider the motive philanthropic in passing is vote, for members of that Society well know 6 pleasure and the profit of cultivating good lit, and the healthy and harmless luxury, and the ilicious fare it always affords ; and wishing to move every obstacle in the way of, and grant ■cry facility in, its cultivation, in order that this easure, so productive of profit and comfort, inay jcome general in the community, have generous- offered this reward to any one who will make lown lo you a successful mode of removing tl.a •eat, or only impediment, which lies in the way success in the cultivation of those delicious and ;autilul fruits — the plum and peach. It will be my aim to state here what I know of is insect from observation, entering somewhat to his natural history ; describing his metamor- losis; his three stages of existence, viz: the lar- i, pupa and perfecl-imago, or beetle states. And lis will be done for the reason that the more we low of his character, the more practical and more fectunl will be our efforts to check and prevent le injuries he commits upon fruit. This inject was called by Herbal, Rhynchaenus ennphar : by Peck, Rhynchaenus Cerasi — but >mmonly goes by the name of Curculio, or plum eevil, by horticulturists. "He is a little rough, ark brown beetle," lias two small bunches or pro- iberances on his back — a rostrum or beak, on hich are two antenna; — (Fig. 1.) "^^ Fiif. 1 — The Curculio of the natural size. He is so shy and retiring and unobtrusive in his haracter, in his beetle stage, that he is not liable J be seen, unless he is searched fur purposely, and riis IS the reason why 8o little is known of iiim enerally. When you have discovered that he is operating pon the fruit, which you may know by his ptcu- liar mark upon it, by assiduously watching, you may chance to see him cutting the incision with his rostrum — (Fig. 2.) Fis. 2.— The Curculio in the act of making an inci- sion. The small dot or discolored spot at lh« inner line of his incisinn, is the neat where the egg lies. If you extend your thumb and finger towards him, it must be very cautiously and slyly, or before you touch him he will drop, as imperceptibly as a small shot would, to the ground. It should be remarked, that we do not know that he uses the fruit for his food, but chooses it as re- ceptacles for his eggs. He begins his work upon the plum and apricot, as soon in the season as the small cap or covering, formed by the blossom, falls off" — but not so soon upon the peach. Examining the fruit occasionally or daily, you are to know when he has commenced his work by his peculi.ir viaik or incision, which is readily seen on fruit with smooth skin, as the plum, cherry, apple, &c. ; but on the por'.ch, it is known by a small drop of gum oozing from its surface. It has been stated, that the furzy surface on the peach is a barrier or obstacle in his way, but it dues not prove so here, as the injury whicli it sus- tains is quite general, unless protected. 1 say, then, he is known to be on the fruit tree by his peculiar mark on the fruit. This mark is the wound he makes with his rostrum, which con- sists in raising up the skin of the plum to a small extent, under which he deposits an egg. The shape or form of this mark is semi-lunar or cres- cent shape, and in the middle of this wound is a small discolored speck, where the egg is placed — (Kigs. 2, 3 and 4.) In the early part of the season, or during the month of June, his mark will be found near tlic apex or point of tlie plum — (Fig. 3.) (Fig. 3.; But after the plum has reached a considerable size, or from the 1st to the 20th of July, his mark will be found at the base, or near where the stem is inserted — (Fig. 4.) Fig. 4. — 3, tho incision near the base ; 4 4 sliow the blue line, inilicaling lliat the grub is ealliig wilhin. This last mentioned place (at the base,) the in- sect prefers, it would seem, from instinct, lest the plum, by its strong connection to the tree, should not fall soon enough to secure the welfare of the grub within it ; for this vital connection is sooner disturbed by the worm than it would be if the egg had been deposited in the apex. When the egg hatches, the larva, sometimes, it is presumed, falls from the nidus or nest, and the fruit remains unharmed: but most generally, in four or five days from the time the egg is. laid, a small bliieish line, near the skin, may be seen, ex- tending from his mark, (Fig. 4,) which signifies that the grub is within. And also when his mark has assumed a blueish tint, you may be certain that destruction will follow ; for when you see these signs, take the plum from the tree, and cut off a small portion where the mark is, and you will notice that the larva has burrowed down into it. The effect upon the plum or other fruit, of the larva within, is to cause it to shrivel and decay, and after a while it falls. By the time the plum falls, the insect has nearly or quite completed his larva or grub state, and then he leaves it and goes down a little way into the earth. Here in the earth he undergoes his transforma- tion, (Fig. 5.) which is performed in about twenty days, in the month of June or fore part of July. Fig. 5. — Larvee of the Curculio of the natural size. But all the larva;, (so far as I have observed,) that go into the earth about as late as the 20lh of July, do no ascend that season, but remain there in the pupa stajje (Fig. 0,) until the next spring. Fig. 6.— Curculio in the pupa state magnified. 50 NEW ENGLAND FARMER We are to observe, then, that there are two gen- erations in one season, nf these insects, and this fact it is important to know; for if the first gene- ration in the larva and beetle stages is destroyed, we have little to fear from the second, which ope- rates in July. The kinds of fruit, and the only kinds, which the Curculio injures, as far as I have observed, are the plum, apricot, nectarine, peach, cherry and apple, and these I have placed in the order in which he seems to prefer ihem. But I would remark, that he is not the only insect which makes the apple wormy. Tlie codling moth does great injury to the apple crop, and the caterpillar of this moth should not be mistaken for the larva of the Curcu- lio. The Curculio does not usually injure the cherry crop excessively, but it is remarkable what a cause of general devastation he proves to the plum crop, when he is suffered to go on in his work unmolest- ed. The writer has known large plum trees, load- ed with fruit in the early part of June, upon which nearly every plum would be punctured, and con- sequently all would be lost to the cultivator. The objection in the community against culti- vating this fruit, is upon the complaint, or fact, that the plums will not hang on until ripe ; and nurserymen are often questioned if they know of any kinds that will not drop before they become matured. As great a pest as this little insect is to the fruit-grower, I am not willing that he should be loaded with more sins than he deserves. He has been charged with being the cause of the fungus excresences on the plum tree, of which he will not plead guilty. True, his iarva2, and also those of some other insects, it is said, are found in this fun- gus, and this is the reason why this disease has been attributed to him. My reasons for saying he is not the cause of this disease, may be offered in another place. It is remarkable how unconfined or unlocated the Curculio appears to be. I formerly believed that he was limited nearly to the ground, under and near the tree where he was produced, and that if the earth under it was paved, or so fixed as to prevent the larvae from descending into it, that that tree would be secure the following season, at least. But more extensive observation has taught me otherwise. This fact I consider a very impor- tant point in this insect's character. In 1838, a new apple tree came into bearing, having three ap- ples upon it, situated 20 rods distant from any fruit-bearing tree, and I hoped to test the quality of the apples thereby; but I was disappointed. In the first of July, I noticed the spoiler's mark upon these apples, and after a while ihey dropped off. I have searched after, and found him upon an ap- ple tree in a pasture, which stood alone and at a distance from any other fruit tree. A plum tree trained at the east end of my house, bore for the first time in the year 1841. I watched the fruit, and, about the usual time, found his mark upon some of the plums, and secured ihem. From these observations, 1 am led to the supposition, at least, that he may not be dependent altogether upon the before meii'ioned fruits for the propagation of his race ; but when fruits are wanting, he finds other receptacles for his eggs. But this is a conjecture simply. No doubt he is capable of flying to a considerable distance. Dr. Hams stated lo me that he was not certain that the plum weevil does feed in the beetle form, AUG. 16, 1843 though he rnthor supposed he did. But whether he docs or does not feed, his organs of taste and smell are rather obsolete or disused, for we are able to state, from observation, that many kinds of odorous bodies which are obnoxious to many in- sects, are not so to him. I have tried camphor upon the tree, watered it with solution of soap and of tobacco, and I do n't know that ho was disturbed any further than he would be mechanically by their application. I might here notice the inadequacy of other measures which have been recommended to frus- trate his operations, but prefer to proceed to a state- ment of those means which will ensure success if persevered in, and prove satisfactory. As the notion is prevalent that he crawls up the body of the tree, I would state that he flies on to it, and therefore it is useless to apply any preventa- tive to keep him from ascending that way. I am free to state that this insect cannot be corn- batted without labor, and the result secured, will very far more than compensate for all labor be- stowed, even in a pecuniary point of view. Believing, from my observation, that he cannot be successfully opposed by preparations of soap, and infusions of odorous bodies thrown on to the tree, by means of a syringe, I proceed to state the course which has been followed with success, so far as I know. Our rule of action should be, direct aggression upon him, both in the beetle and larva forms. In the pupa stage he lies in the ground secured from our search. Watched, as the plum and fruit trees always should be, by the gardener, as soon as his mark is seen on the plums, which will be generally as soon as the plum is left naked by the blossom, a sheet of sufficient dimensions should be suspended be- neath the tree, by two or three individuals, or other- wise; then give the tree a sudden rap or jar, and the insect immediately falls upon it, and, feigning himself dead, very much resembles a raisin seed in form — (Fig. 7.) to fear from the second generation, which work July. Children, who are always urged by impi sive curiosity, to examine and investigate any m and curious object— of an insect, flower, or pehl —are ready and suflicient hands to perform mu of this work, and gladly will they perform it wh promised a share of the product. This mode of protecting and preserving plui from the Curculio, I have always found to sTiccet I am aware that the labor required may thought an objection to this mode of warfare a: that the result will not warrant the time and pain but if the orchardist will tar his apple trees to pr tect against the canker-worm, and the garden spend time to kill the cut-worm, and water 1; plants in a dry season, surely this course ia al justifiable;— the result will justify the means. A tree standing near the door, if jarred ai shook several times a day, as it may be passe would be likely to succeed, as this course wou discommode and frustrate the insect in his wor Plum trees, standing in a hog-yard, frequen ly sustain partial crops, for the hogs are frequen ly, during the day, rubbing against them, and ai pretty sure to eat all these that fall to the earth. Plums can be saved, even after the egg is lai in them, by a trivial operation, if done "before has hatched ; and this operation I have practice successfully and repeatedly. You may smile at a manoeuvre which is to dt stroy an almost infinitesimal egg, with an instri ment made of a quill, like a tooth-pick ; but thi the fruit-amateur will do with pleasure, if thereb he can save a plum on a new young tree to tef the fruit of which he has been waiting patientl with hopeful anxiety. It is well worth°the whil to do this on low trees, in point of economy. It may be well to remark, that the egg is depos ited in the inner circle of the incision, under email discolored portion of the skin of the plun and the operation consists in removing this discol ored portion of the skin, and scooping out the egj with the instrument — (Fig. 8.) (Fig. 7) The insect, when shook from the tree, assumes the above form — either that of the upper or lower figure, and keeps the feigned appearance a mo. ment or two. All the Curculios on the sheet should be crushed between the thumb and finger, and all the stung plums that fall from the tree should be put into the fire. I would impress upon the mind of the gardener the importance of assiduously attending to the de- struction of the Curculio in the month of Juno. The trees should bo shaken twice or three times daily, certainly in the morning and evening, in or- der that the beetles may be crushed, and all the wounded fruit gathered and put into the fire. I have observed that, usually, after the twentyfifth of July he is not to be found. If the first generation, which operate in June, are well destroyed, wc have less, yea, very little, Fig. 8.— Showing the melhod of deBtroyinR the eee. with a quill. *" The desire which has been manifested in the community to possess a knowledge of this insect the manner in which he operates, and a means of destroying him, must be my apology for thus far prolonging these remarks. iroL. XAii. NO. r. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 51 Warty or Black Excresence. I communication from William i'rince &. Co., e few weelriirden>-. And John Worlidcre, in :i9, was warm in the praise of the dung of fowls, 'igeons' or hens' dun?," he says, " is incompara- i: one load is worth ton loads of other dung, i is llieriforc usually sown on wheat or barley It lieth far olTand is not easy to be helped." id he says, in another place, "A flock of wild ese had pitched upon a parcel of green wheat, d had eaten it up clean, and sat thereon and nu'ed it several nights ; the owner despaired of ving any crop that year ; but the contrary hap. ned, for he had a far richer stock of wheat there in any of his neighbors had." The most elaborate set of experiments npon the ano, or dung of sea-fowl, with which I am ac- aintcd, were made in 1810, for potatoes and ingel-wurzel, at the island of St. Helena, by the ,e Gen. Beatson. The soil on which these ex- riments were made, was rather stiff, being coni- sed of blackish mould, intermixed with friable ; clay. The following table gives the results of ery experiment: 35 loads of horse dung litter r acre were used, 35 of hogs' dung litter, and 35 ishels per acre of the guano. 1. With potato seed the size of walnuts, planted dole — Guano, 554 Busk. Horse dung, 583 Pigs' dung, 447 Soil simple, 395 8. Large potatoes cut in pieces — Guano, 589 Busk. Horse dung, 531 Pigs' dung, 4()6 S>iil simple, 408 3. From middle eye of potato — Guano, 576 Busk. Horse dung, 563 Pigs' dung, 485 Soil simple, 337 4. With small potatoes planted whole — Guano, 628 Busk. Horse dung, 583 Pigs' dung, 544 Soil simple, 570 With mangel-wurzel, the produce per acre on similar soil was as follows : Tons roots. Soil simple, 19 1-2 Hogs' dung and ashes, 3C0 bush, per acr. 66 1-2 Guano, 3."} bush, per acre, 77 3-4 The accuracy of this valuable communication OS been most amply confirmed by my own expori- lenls in the culture of potatoes with guano, as 'ell as H trial of it upon grass lands. Three cart- )ads of the guano per acre, appear to me equiva- ;nt in effect to seventy loads of good rotten dung. The effect of the guano upon grass lands is omparativoly greater than in the potato experi- lent. Kroin what cause this proceeds, it m^y be ifficult to explain ; but as Dr. Priestley found, by ing readily washed among the roots 6f vegetables, by the first falls of rain, are circumstances that may possibly rendr'r its effects as a top-dressing greatly superior to those it produces when it is It is a matter not unworthy the attention of che- mists, to consider whether a mixture similar to the guano, and of eri'ial efticacy, cannot be formed by art not only at a cost so reasonable as at once to make the farmer independent of the importer, but also in f uch abundance as at the same time to place BO valuable a manure within the reach of all. Several attempts have been made to manufac- ture an artificial guano, and the results have shown considerable success. The following mixture contains the various in- gredients tound in guano in nearly the average proportions ; and ftir Johnston believes it is likely to be at least as efficacious as the natural guano, for all the crops to which the latter has hitherto been applied : 315 lbs. bone dust ; 100 lbs. sulphate of ammonia ; 5 lbs. pearlash ; 100 lbs. common salt; 11 lbs. dry sulphate of soda. 531 lbs. of artificial guano. The above mixture would cost in England, about £2 ; the imported guano sells for £12 per ton. In England, the guano is an entirely new fer- tilizer. About 20 casks were imported in 1840, by Mr Myers, of Liverpool ; in 1841, one or two more cargoes arrived from the Pacific. In 1842, forty thousand tons were imported into England. — Joknsori's Farmer's Encydop. Enncig. — A well-known insect, common in damp places, and often found in numbers under stones and beneath the bark of trees. They do much damage in gardens by preying upon the fruit. The English common name, and also the French pierce-oreille, relate to a habit absurdly at- tributed to these insects, of penetrating the ears. It is a curious fact that the earwig sits upon her eggs like a hen ; and when the young are hatciied, they oreep under the mother like a brood of chick- ens under a hen. They are very injurious to flowers, eating holes in the blossoms, and otherwise disfiguring them, particularly the dahlia. It is common with Eng- lish gardeners to hang up among the flowers and fruit trees subject to their attacks, pieces of hol- low reeds, lobster claws, and the like, which offer enricing places of retreat for these insects on the approach of daylight, and by means thereof great numbers of them are obtained in the morning. — lb. NUTRII'IVE MATTER OF DIFFERENT VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. Davy, in his Elements of Agricultural Chemis- try, gives the following table, showing the quantity of soluble or nutritive matters contained in 1000 parts of different vegetable substances, examined in their green state : Jlnt. — An insect extremely injurious to pasture lands and gardens ; in the former by throwing up hills, and in the latter by feeding on the fruit, and foliage. As night-soil is found to destroy them when spread upon their hills, it may be the least objeclionable application to the bottom of trees to prevent their ascending them. A liquor prepared by boiling black soap with sulphur in rain-water, has been used for the destruction of these insects, Nulriiive matter Middlesex wheat. 955 North American wheat. 9.55 Norfolk barley, i)20 Oats, from Scotland, 743 Rye, from Yorkshire, 793 Common bean, 570 Dry peas. 574 Potatoes, 200 to 260 Red beet, 148 White beet, 136 Parsnips, 99 Carrots, 98 Cabbage, 73 Swedish turnip. 64 Common turnip, 42 Broad-lenved clover, 39 White clover. 32 Sainfoin, 39 Lucerne, 23 Timothy, 33 Fertile meadow-grass. 78 Seasorxing Posts and Timher. — Posts should never be put in the ground in a green state, not- withstanding they will last longest in wet ground. Constant wet from water will not injure them, but the lermentation of tlio natural sap in the wood hastens decay. We ought also to name in con- nexion with this, the importance of suffering the sills of a house and other buildings to become dry before they are used. It is true we now set build- ings higher than we formerly did, and we take smaller timber for sills, and both these practices tend to favor the durability of the timber — yet we are often obliged to put in new sills, on account of the timber being used in an unfit state. ' A stick of timber eight inches square, is better for any building, ns a sill, than one twelve inches square. — A". Y. Meckanic. Use of Salt for Celery. — The Gardener's Chron- icle recommends the use of salt as manure for cel- ery, to be applied by watering the plants with weak brine. It says that the growth will be there- by greatly promoted. The experiment is worth trying, but care must be used not to apply too much ; and as no exact directions are given, it must be settled by experiments. — Genesee Far. it is said, with considerable success. Where this xperiment, that vegetables throve best when they i)|q„(,r is employed, the ground infested by the ants vere made to grow in air made putrid by the de-ig|,o„|j [,e thoroughly saturated with 11.-76. ;onipf Arrangements : B. P. Hovey Jr J. E. Teschemacher Jona. Winship E. Wight VVm. Kenrirk J. Lovetl, 3d Wm Oliver Wm. E. Carter Wm. Wale^ R. M. Copeland E. M. Riehards I'arker Barnes H. W. Uiitton )ted to adjourn the meeling to Saturday next, at '-i o'clock. JOS. BRECK, Soc'y. us. 12. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 1 adjourned meeting of the Society will he held on rURDAV, thelOthinst., at U o'clock A.M. EBEIN'EZER WIGHT, Ig. Ifi. Recordin£( Secretary. THERMOMETRICAI.. Reported for the New England Farmer, ngeof the fhermometerat the Oardeiiof the proprietors ! New England Farmer, Brighton, Maes, in a shaded lerlyeiqjosure, foriheweek ending Aug. 13. lUg. 1843. I 7,A.M. I 12, M. | S.P.M. | Wind. lay, day, nesday, sday, 'y, •day, 7 62 75 70 8 70 89 74 9 69 82 72 in 70 78 66 11 64 63 63 12 63 72 71 13 63 S4 74 1 E. E. N. E. N. E. N. N. GHTON MARKET.— MotiDAT, Aug. 14, 1843. Reported forttie N. E. Farmer. I Market 380 Beef Cattle, 10 pairs Working Oxen, ^ows and Calves, 2500 Sheep and 500 Swine. iicEs. — Beef Cattle. — Last week's prices wero fully .ined. We quote to correspond, viz : a few ex- t4.50 a 4.75. First quality, $4.25 a 4.50. Second ty, $3.75 a $4.25. Third quality $3.00 a $3.50. 'orking Oxen. — Sales $55, $G0, and $78. les and Carres.— Sales $18, $23 and $27. eep.— Lots were sold from $1.00,1.75, and $2 00. line. — Two small lots were sold for 5 and 6. A lot ddle 4 1-2 for sows, and 5 1-2 for harrows. A few retailed from 5 1-2 to 7. AVnOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected tcilk great care, weekly. EDS. Herds Grass, gO 00 to 2 50 perlmshel. Red Top 50 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Southern, 0 Flax Seed, $C 00 per hushel- Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ry Seed, $4 50 per hushel. AIN. Duly, Corn, Rye and Beans, free ; Barley 20 !nt. ; Oats 20 per cent. ! rainy weather, which has continued nearly Ihrough- ^c week, materially interfered with the usual business ! Grain market. The arrivals have been light, and the ;t closes pretty tirm at the quoted rates. ■n— Northern, old, hushel 59 to 60— Southern, round V, old, no a ro— Southern flat yellow, new, 57 a 58— n. while 54 a 53— do New Orleans, 50 a 64 — Barley 0 —Rye, Northern, 7) a 72— do. Southern, 60 a 63 — Southern, 00 a 00— Northern do. 30 to 32— Beans, per 1 I 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 25 -Bran, !0. OUR. The demand has been very inactive during the veek, and prices are without much change. There is afloat, and but little at the railroad depot. Itimore, Howard Street. 4 mos. cr. S5 25 a 8 37 — do. ", SO 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic. So 00 a 5 2'i — Phila. ia do. 4 mos. 80 00 a 0 00 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 inns. S5 25 a 0 0— .Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 on .■< 0 uo, -Georgetown,! *5 50 a 6 7.=. -Richmond Canal, S5 37 a 0 00 — du. City, »u 00 a lion— Peter.sburgh, South sideSO on an 00 —do. Country So 01) aO 00— Genesee, common, cash, SG 00 a 5 12— do (amy brands S5 18 a 6 25 — Ohm via Canal, SO 00 a 0 00— do do ^■ew Orleans, cash S4 87 a 5 12. Rye, S3 75 a 4 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S3 00 a 3 25. PROVISIONS. There is the usual supply of clear Pork, and prices remain unchanged. The heavy operations in mess during the season, both for exportation and consump- tion, have very materially reduced the slock and prices are quite firm. Prime is scarce and quotations somewhat higher. Beef— Mess 4 mo. new bbl. $8 50a8 75 — Navy — $7 .50 a 7 75.— No. 1, 7 00 a 7 25— do Prime So 00 a 0 00— Pork- Extra clear 4 mn. bbl. 813 00 a 13 50— do Clear SOOOO a 12 00 do. Mess, 11 00 a II 50— do Prime $10 00 a 10 50— do Mess from other Stales, — a do Prime ilo do So 00 a 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00— Butter, shipping, 0 a Oil— do store, uninspected, 7 a 8— do dairy, 10 els. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do South and Western, 5 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6J — Southern and Western, 6J a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 5 — do new milk, 5 a 6. WOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- pinatiou shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, free. All where- of the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts. per pound. Moderate sales o( Fleece have been made at quotations. The market is nearly bare of pulled wool. Prime or Sa.xony Fleeces, washed, Ih. 37 a 40 c— Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 35— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. I -2 do 29 a 30-1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unvjashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do 8 a 10 — Saxonj, clean, 00— Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 23 a 32— No. 1 do. ilo. do. 25 a 27 — No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duly 20 percent. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb. 14 a 15. 2d do. do. do. 00 a 00. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed S 10 to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 3 to 4c.— New 5 to 6. EGGS, 12 a 14. STRAWBERRIES : The subscriber would most respectfully give notice to those who are desirous of cullivaling the most delicious Fruit, that be will oifer his select collection of Plaiits, at the following reduced rates, in order that all may be enabled to grow them. Having been engaged for twelve years in raising this Fruit extensively, he is enabled, by his knowledge of the choice varieties, and the best modes of cultivation, to offer the most extensive assortment of Plants and in the finest condition, of any cultivator in the country. Persons may satisfy them- selves of this fact by a visit to his Gardens. Warren's Seeding Melhven— .V very superior variety, a great bearer, perfectly iiardy, the fruit often measuring six inches in circumference. Price per hundred plants, 86,00 Hovey's Seedling — A splendid fruit, bears abundantly,and worthy of extensive cultivation, *5,00 Keene's Seedling— Large fruit, and of very high flavor and rich perfume, S2,00 Bishop's Orange.— Very fine size and abundant bearer, «2,00 Myatt's Pine — A delicious fruit, S2,00 Downton— A superior and large fruit, $2,00 The above varieties are all of the most superior kinds.and can be highly recommended. The following old varieties will be furnished at $4,00 per hundred : — Early Virginia, Hauthois, Methven Castle, and Royal Scarlet, English Wood. Where one thousand Plants are ordered, a discount ol 26 per cent will be allowed. ij-Every Plant sent from the Gardens will be warranted true. The several varieties, carefully labelled and securely packed, so as to be transported any distance in safety, and where it is desired, directions for planting and cultivation will accompany ihe Plants. The months of August and September are the best months in the year for making plantations of this Fruit. Those made at this season and proi)erly treated will produce fruit the coming season. Orders enclosing tlie amount wanted or with references, and left with Geo.W. WarrenSt Co. 192 Washingion street, Boston, or forwarded by mail to the subscriber, will receive immediate and carejul attention JAMES L. L. F. WARREN, Aug. 15 Nonantum Vale, Brighton. STRAWBERRIES I The subscriber can supply all ihe most esteemed varieties of Sirawberries now in cultivation. The present is consid- ered a good lime for the formation of new beds. The fol- lowing are the prices per hundred plants ;— Hovey's Seedling— a very superior variety, of large sized' fine flavor, abundant bearer, and very hardy, JS.OO Kecne'i Seedling— hm'ie fruit, very high flavor and high perfume, j^^uu liisliop's Orange- • Fine size, abundant bearer and supe- rior flavor, $.2,00 Elton Seedling— Vary large fruit of a superior flavor, con- sidered one of the best in England, 85,00 Mycin's Pine— A delicious fruit, 13,00 The old varieties furnished at 31.90 per hundred. Orders sent by mail enclosing the money will be punc- tually atlended to, and the plants well packed for transpor- lation. JOSEPH BRECK. Boston, Aug. IB, 1843. ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE OP DURHAOI CAT- T1.E AT AUCTION. The entire herd of improved Durham' short horned Callle, the properly of the ' late Henry Hudson, Esq. consisting of upwards of twenty head of thorough bred Cows and Heifers and two Bulls ; also, about twenty head of hi^h hred Cows and Heifers will be sold at auction at the Rocky Hill farm, heretofore owned by Mr. Hudson, about ihree miles from the city of Hartford, on THURSDAY the 24lh of August, 1S«, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. This herd have been carefully hred fromimportalions from the herds of Charles Champion, Esq., Mr Welherel, Mr Whitaker and Mr Cuiry. all well known English breeders, and no pains or expense have been spared Iiy the late pro- prietor to procure and breed first rate animals. The sale will be positive and no part of the slock will be disposed of previous to th'e auction. Per order of the Admiii,jslrator. SEXTON Sl SEYMOUR, Auc'rs. Haitford ug. 4, 1843. SCIONS FOR BUDDING AND INGRAFTING. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. will supply orders for Scions of the various Fruits, cut from the bearing specimen trees in their experimental orchards, at 25 cents for each variety. They have also ahbve 100 new varieties of Pears and other Iruils recently introduced, which are comprised in th« new catalogue of tlie London Hort. Society and other late publications, — of which they will supply a few Scions it 60 cents for each variety. No order for a less amount than 35 can be executed, and the cash must accompany the orders. WILLIAM R. PRINCE &. CO. Linnxn Botanic Garden and Nurseries, Flushing. Aug. 2, 1843. N. B. A great variety of monthly Tree Roses are now in flower, and 1000 fine Plants 4 feet high can be supplied in October. \¥ ANTED A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who is well acquainted with Gardening in its various branches, and who can give salisl'actory testimo- nials, wishes a situation. He will, if required, take charge of a horse and cow. Please apply at the Office of the N. E. Farmer, 62 North Market Street. Aug. 8. POUDRKTTE I POUDRETTE I ! The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale, Poudrette in quantities to suit purchasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or trans[)orlation by wagon or ilajl Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest operation upon vegetable matter, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt attention. For sale by J. BRECK i. CO, 61 and 52 North Market St., Boston. Oct. 26. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. Forsaleby JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price S2. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price 62^ cts. Feb IS. DRAFT AND TRACK CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market st. MUCK MANUAL,. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck Man- ual for Formers. By Dr S. L. Dana; price C2J. MISCELLANEOUS A Wonderful Horse.— A rnther remarkable oc- currence transpireil a short (iistance from this town a few dnys aS". While two yoiins mi'", appren- tices wiih Mr D. Lee, grocer and tea dealer, in Dewsbury, were tak'nga short walk down the side of the river Calder, their master's warehouse dog, which was accompanying thpjn, strayed into an adjoinincr field, and on seeing an ass, which was graziiin-, s'jddenly fell upon it, worrying it in a most ferocious manner. A number of men being at a short distance, and seeing the dog likely in a short time to worry the poor ass to death, went and commenced a fierce attack upon the dog with hedge stakes, but without succeeding in getting hinroff the ass, which he was mutilating in a most shocking manner. A horse, belonging to Mr Geo. Fell, of'^Earlsheaton, had witnessed these proceed- ings'evidently under most agitated feelings, and, as^if conscious the poor ass must perish unless he interfered, made a rush through the hedge, cleared off the men who were trying to liberate the ass, and in a most furious manner seized the dog with his teeth, and dragged him off, and aimed several blows at him with his fore and hind feet, and had not the dog made off, it is supposed he would have despatched him in a few minutes NEW ENGLAND FARMER. but I have lived long and alone ; and I can find ample scope for observation even in a desert. I knew that 1 had crossed the track of a camel that had strayed from its owner, because I saw no mark of any human footstep on the same route ; I knew that the animal was blind in one eye, because it had cropped the herbage only on one side of its path ; and I perceived that it was lame in one leg, from the faint impression which that particular foot had produced upon the sand ; I concluded that the animal had lost one tooth, because wher- ever it had grazed, a small tuft of herbage was left uninjured, in the centre of its bite. As to that which formed the burden of the beast, the busy ants informed me that it was corn on the one side, and the clustering flies that it was honey on the other." — Lacon. AIG. 16, 184a. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. When the Visilins; the Heathtn.—An old clergyman, and rather an eccentric one withal, whose field of labor was a town in the interior of New England, one Sunday, at the close o^ the services, gav? notice to his congregation that in the course of the week he expected to go on a mission to the heathen. The members of his church were struck with alarm and sorrow at the sudden and unexpecied announce- ment of the loss of their beloved pastor, and one of the deacons, in great agitation, exclaimed — horse had accomplished this feat, he, with head | „ ^Vhy, my dear sir, you have never to W us one and toil erect, pranced about the ass in a noble " ' "" " '^'' and most dignified manner, as if proud of having gained a mighty conquest, and manifested evident tokens of pleasure, as if sensibly feeling that he had done an act of benevolence. All who beheld this wonderful deed of Mr Fell's horse, were pow- erfully struck with his evident intelligence and sympathy for his fellow-brute. — Wahefidd (Eng.J Jour. word of this before ! What shall we do ?" " Oh, brother C ," said the parson, with the greatest sang froid, " / do nH expect to gu out of town .'" — JV. Y. pap. Great improvements have I'ecn maile thie past year in form and workmanship of these Plnujhs; the muuld hi has heen so formed as to lay the furrow romplelely ( turning in every particle of grass or stuhhte, andleavinfi ground iyi the best possible manner . The length of mould lioard has lii n very much increased, so that Plongh works with the greatest ease, liolh with respea the holding and ihe team. The Coininillee al the late of Plonghs at Woreester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the PloM we should preier for use on a farm, we mighl perhaps si^ the inquirer, it your land is mostly light and easy to v try Prouty & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard cm BEGIN WITH Ma. Howard's.'* At the above mer.t;oned trial the Howard PI'-ugh more -work, trilh the same power of team, than any i plough exhibited. No other turned more than tweniys and one half inches, to the 112 Itis. draught, whil Howard Plough turned iwevtynine and one half inch Ihe same power of team 1 All acknowledge that How Ploughs are much the strongest and most sulistani made. There has l»een quite an improvement made on the or land side ol this Plough, which can he renewed wi liaving to furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise se the mould lioard and landside together, and strengiheu Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Si 5. A Ph sufficient for hreakiug up with four cattlo. will cost i SiO 60, and with cutler Si, with wheel and cutter, extra. The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and ret; the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed i Nos. 51 & 52 Northftlarkei Street, hy JOSKPH breck & c Horse-shoes, made of iron, were first used A. D. Rtason pronounced Sorcery.— The ignorant have often given credit to the wise for powers that are permil'ted to none, merely because the wise have made a proper use of those powers that are per- mitted to all. The little Arabian tale of the Der- vise, shall be the comment of this proposition. A Dervise was journeying alone in the desert, when two merchants suddenly met him. " You have lost a camel," said he to the merchants. "In- deed we have," was the reply. " Was he not blind in his right eye, and lame in his left leg ?" said the Dervise. "He was," replied (he mer- chants. " Had he not hst a front tooth ?" said the Dervise. "He had," rejoined the merchants. ■' And was he not loaded with honey on one side and wheat on the other?'" "Most certainly he was," they replied, " and as you have seen him so lately, and marked him so particularly, you can, in all probability, conduct us to him." " My friends," said the Dervise, " I have never seen your camel, nor ever heard of him but from you." " A pretty Btory, truly," snid the merchants ; "but where are the jewels which formed a part of his cargo ?" " I have neither seen your camel nor your jewels," repeated the Dervise. On this they seized his person, and forthwith hurried him before the Cadi, where on the strictest search, nothing could ho found upon him, nor could any evidence whatever be adduced to convict him, eilher of falsehood or of theft. They were then about to proceed against him a.s a sorcerer, when the Dervise, with great calmness, thus addressed the court:—" I have heen much amused with your surprise, and own that there has been some ground for your suspicions ; 381. Saddles came into use in the fourth century. Stirrups were not made till a century later. Pens first made of quills, A. D. G.35. CHFESE PRF.SSES. SCf.F-GOVERINING CHEESE PRESSES— two kinds — lately iinpro\ed by the Shakers. These are so construct- ed ihal'they govern and regulate themselves without weights, and are by (ar the best presses now in usr. For sale at llie N E. Agricultural Warehouse, 51 and 52 North Market street. JOS. BRECK ii. CO. June 7, 1843. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS Grmdstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollei moved with a fool treader, is found to be a great in,) ment on the old mode of hanging grind.siones. Stones in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wh. used give universal satisfaction. 1 he rollers can he a ed 10 stones hung in the common way. hot saie BRECK &. Co., No. 51 North Market street. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for ti the quality "fmilk. For sale by J. BRECK & < NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEKKLY PAPFR. Terms, $3 per year in advance, or ^f 2 53 if no within sixty days. isj. B. Postmasters are permitted by law to fra subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, w expense to subscribers. TUTT1.E AND DENNETT. PKIKTERS. 21 School Street. ^itiiSTD 2i»I..XMI.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 23, 1843. two. 8, FARMER From the Farmers' Manual. :CREMENTS OF HORSES, TIORNED CAT- TLE, PJGS, AND FOWLS. Tlifi solid excrements of cattle used in ao;ricul. e differ considerably in value accurdini,' in the 3 and uses of the animals. Young cattle retain I phosphates contained in llieir food for the in- lase of tlieir bones; while dairy cows yield the jsphales in their milk ; the dung of both these consequently deficient in such substances, and iduces from this cause a less effi-'cl as manure, e value or virtue of both the solid and liquid ex- iments, are most materially affected by the food 'en to cattle. Corn and oil-cake contain a large antity of phosphates, as well as starch and sub- nces containing nitrogen, and when these are 'en as food to cattle, they not only thrive rapid- but their excrements become proportionably h in pliospiiates and substances producing am- inia. The flesh or muscles of animals is in- ;asfd by those parts of plants and seeds which nsist of compounds containing nitrogen ; and ;ir fat is derived from such as yield starch and jar. In the case of fatting animals with any ;en quantity of food, they produce much more th of flesh and fat when kept in a state of re- Be, and at a moderate temperature, than when posed to cold and allowed to take e.xercise. " It indeed known that the vital forces decrease len the body is exposed to a certain degree of Id ; and when this is sufficiently intense, that ;y are either suspended or altogether annihila- 1." (Playiair.) Although rather beside our present purpose, we t cannot refrain from remarking in this place on that beautiful economy of nature which con- cts the nutrition and growth of plants with that animals ; by which the inorganic substances es- atial to the latter, are equally so to the former, lus the phosphates of lime and magnesia, and B sulphate and muriate of soda (common salt,) tash and iron, as required by plants, equally siib- rve the nourishment of animals. Without the nier, the bones of animals could not be formed ; lile phosphoric, sulphuric, and muriatic acids, Ja, potash, and iron, are not only necessary to •m the substance of animals, but are indispensa- 3 to the discharge of the functions of life. In 3 way, plants may be said to be caterers of ani- ils, as they collect and concoct the food upon lich animals subsist. The caseine (or cheese,) jumen and fibrine, which have hitherto been con- lered the production of animal life, are now as- rtained to be previously formed by plants, as jll as starch and sugar ; and are only assiroila- d and modified by the animal functions. (Liobig.) •le three first substances have been by the che- ist extracted from plants, and their analysis is ecisely similar to those yielded by animals. 1000 parts of the solid excrement of a cow or :, consist of 750 parts of water, and the remain- der of the rejected vegetable matter and some ani- mal substances derived from the waste which the organs of animals are continually undergoing. When 1000 parts of the (hiid excrement is burnt, it yields 00 parts of ashes, consisting of the fol- lowing substances : Silica, 44 Carbonate and [ihosphate of lime, \'i Carbamate, sulphate, and muriate of soda, 3 Magnesia, alumina and potash, 2 no The solid excrement of cows and oxen is, by itself, very little prone to undergo putrefaction or fermentation, which is owing to the very small quantity of nitrogen they contain ; it therefore gives out but little ammonia ; but when mixed with urine — which abounds with nitrogen — rapid fermentation ensues, and very pungent fumes of ammonia and other offensive gases escape. The urini af horned ctittle consists of a large portion of water, holding in solution a substance called urea, which really changes by fermentation into ammonia ; it also contains several salts, form- ed from the various elements already described. The .''ollowing is an abstract of the analysis of 100,000 parts of the urine of cattle, by Professor Sprengel : Water, 09,(194 Urea, witli resinous matter, 4,000 Albumen and mucus, substances contain- ing nitrogen, 200 Salts of potash, soda, and ammonia, with organic acids, 809 Sulphates, phosphates, and muriates of soda, lime, and magnesia, 747 Ammonia, 20.5 Potash, 604 Soda, 554 Lime, 65 Magnesia, 30 Alumina, 2 Oxide of iron and manganese, 5 Silica, 30 100,000 It is owing to the presence of so much nitrogen in urine that it so rapidly undergoes putrefaction, and promotes that action in vegetable substances in contact with it : as, for instance, in the straw and refuse of the farm-yard. The urea — which abounds in nitrogen — takes an active part in this process, and yields a large quantity of ammonia. The solid excrement of horses — as they general- ly consume a considerable quantity of corn — con- tains more nitrogen than that of horned cattle, which accounts for the circumstance of its fer- menting much faster than the latter. 100 parts of tills excrement consist of 70 water, 20 vegetable fibre, and the remaining 10 parts are composed of aniniplizcd matter, earthy and alkaline salts. 1000 parts of the dried solid excrement contain, accord- ing to Professor Sprengel, 00 parts, by weight, of aehes, of the following composition : Carbonate, sulphate, and muriate of soda, 5 Carbonate and phosphate of lime, 9 Silica, 4g 60 Besides these there must be some other earthy substances. The wine of horses is composed of 04 parts in 100 of water ; the remaining 0 parts consisting of urea and salts of soda, lirno and potash. Nitrogen is much less abundant in this urine than in that of cows and oxen ; which renders the former much less fertilizing than the latter, when applied in a liquid state. Stable dung, however, yields a largo (luantity of ammonia, most of which is lost to the farmer, as is evident from the strong ammoniacal smell which is constantly emitted in stables ; and more especially from the heaps placed near the door. The waste of this precious material might be easily prevented, by means of strewing the sta- ble floor with gypsum powder, by which a sulphate of ammonia would be formed, a substance or salt that is not volatile. The gypsum should be mfine powder, or it will fail of producing the desired ef- fect. Sulphuric, or muriatic acid, diluted with a large quantity of water, will, however, be much more rapid and effectual. The dung of pigs is generally considered to bo a '' cold manure ;" but this can orily be said of that of store pigs, for it must form a powerful ma- nure when pigs are fed upon corn and other food containing much nitrogen. The urine contains a large quantity of nitrogen, and becomes exceed- ingly offensive wlien allowed to putrefy by itself. The excrements of the pig should, therefore, be oonsliintly carried away along with the litter, and mixed with the other dung of the farm-yard ; for if applied by itself to potatoes, or other esculent roots, it is apt to impart to them a most disagreea- ble flavor, occasioned, probably, by the large quan- tity of liquid food which they consume, and to some peculiar volatile substance contained in the urine. The dung of poultry is a very powerful manure, containing a large portion liolh of phosphates and ammonia; for, as they discharge their excreuiPiits through the same opening, both the solid and fluid portions are mixed together. When applied as a top-dressing, it has an admirable effect in restoring wheat that has been thinned by slugs or an unfa- vorable winter. The dung should be mixed with ashes, for the purpose of spreading more evenly. Geese dung is unobjectionable when used in a compost. INQUIRY. Does the Scio7i or the >^lock determine the Bearing Habits of the jlpple Tree ? Mr Editor — Will you or some of your nume- rous readers inform me through your paper, wheth- er the scion of the apple tree follows the tree from which it is taken, or the tree into which it is set, in respect to iis habit of bearing every year or every other year ? I suppose some one has set- tled the question by facts. A LovKR OF Good Fruit. 58 NEW ENGLAND FARMER AUG. 23, IS43. HORSE BOTS, COW BOTS, AND SHEEP BOTS. There is a ^eniis of flies known by the common name of Bot flies, (Of*(riis,) which are very trouble- some lo horses, sheep, &c. Many suppose tliat there is but one kind of bot fly, and that confined to the hor^e : but the fly which deposits its ej^s in the tiostril of the sheep, is of the same penus. We have also seen a species of bot in the stomach of n cow which we once opened, that liad died of wliat is called the " blind staw^ers," and have spe- cimens of them preserved. These are smaller and smoother than the larva^ of the bot which we find in horses. We have never seen any of them in a perfect state, and do not know how they get into the stomach of the cow. One would suppose that it would be difficult for them to find a lodirmcnt there, as the animal throws up its food to be re- rhewed, or ruminated, as some call it. They are not ofien found in the cow, we presume. Every one knows that the horse-fly deposits its egg on the horse, but every one does not know that if he should take some of those eggs at a proper time and put them into his hand, moisten them with warm spittle and then rub them gently with the other hand, that a small worm cr grub would be hatched. This we have often done. We infer from this that the manner in whicft this species get into the stomach of the horse, is this. The horse bites or nibbles the spot where the eggs are attached, and thus some of the eggs are taken into the mouth, and are there hatched in a few minutes by the warmth and moisture of the month, and they cither take up their line of march down to the 'gtomach, or areswallowed with other food. When they arrive at their head quarters, instinct teaches them to attach themselves to a suitable spot, where tlipy remain, puttiping food and increasing in size until they are ready for their transformation into a fly. When they let go they are thrown out in the natural way, and in a few days spring up a winged insect and go forth to enjoy their new state of ex- istence, and to employ themselves in tormenting horses. The sheep fly (Oestrus ovis,) is a smaller and somewhat diff'erently formed insect, and is probably the swiftest on the wing of any insect whatever. The way he will dart into a sheep's nostril is as- tonishing, not only to the one who looks on, but to the poor sheep herself, who bacomes almost frantic at the entrance of such an intruder, buzzing and " kicking up a row" in the very inner regions of her '' head and horns." Some fanners think that a few of those insects in the animal are a benefit. We must confess we do not know of tclint use they can be, and, although we are igno- rant of all the laws and economy of nature as it regards the animal kingdom, we should neverthe- less consider that the fewer such tenants in the stomach of a horse or cow, or head of a sheep, the better it would be. One thing is certain ; they are not unfrerinently so abundant as to kill the animal in which they lodge, and we deem it a duty for every farmer to guard against them in every possible way. It is a good thing to oil the legs and other parts of horses, both before and after the bot-nils are laid 0*1. It will prevent the fly, in a great measure, from depositing them, and if they have been deposited, covering them with oil will effectually prevent their hatching. A furrow or two should be plowed in a sheep pasture, for the purpose of enabling the sheep to guard against the fly which troubles them. In the heat of the day when the fly is abroad, you will find that the eheeP repair to these fiirrow.s, or to some spot where the earth is sandy and loose, and plunge their noses into the sand, by way of shutting the door against the enemy. Tar applied to the nose is thought to be beneficial as a preventive. — Maine Far. BUSHES— THOROUGH CULTIVATION, &c. To persons having the bump of " order" tolera- bly well developed, a farm overrun with bushes is an object viewed with melancholy disgust. It speaks of a rnind deficient in energy, and desti- tute of tiinsB nobler attributes which ought ever to characterize the owner of a New England farm. It is curious, sometimes, to trace the progress of those evils which, commencing in small inad- vertencies, arc suflfered, by remissness and inatten- tion, to expand until they involve the loss of happi- ness, and finally the overthrow and ruin of those by whom they are indulged. As in morals, one false step is almost sure to be succeeded by anoth- er, so in farming, a neglect of duties or the infrac- tion of important principles, i-j an evil seldom found to occur singly. What is neglected today, will often be postponed tomorrow, and the bush that has grown one year, will, in all probability, be suftered to grow the next ; and so on till the field has become a copse, fit only for the resort of birds and beasts; destitute of all vegetable energy and utterly unable to rernunerrite the owner for the cost of " carrying it on." New England pre- sents many examples at this day of farms run out and families ruined, and it is a lamentable fact that, while hundreds and thousands of our yeoman- ry have been prostrated by the evils of intempe- rance and other vices, others upon whom no such charge could be fixed, and whose situation in life was apparently all that the ambitious citizen of a f'?e country rould reasonably desire, have svirdt ns low, and experienced most if not all the miseries incident to a life of indolence and crime. We know of no country in which there exists more of involuntary — we had almost said, idiotic suffering, than in our own. Men with large farms, are with difliculty enabled to procure a livelihood. All their efforts are scarcely adequate to enable them to live from year to year ; and this too in a coun- try where all the products of industry meet with a ready sale, and where the numerous evils which so fatally paralyze the energies and deaden the ambition of the laborer in monarchical States, are unknown. Throughout New England, scarcely one farm in twenty is free from incumbrances. The product of the soil being insufficient for the owner's support, or rather we sliould say, perhaps, for the gratification of his tpants — the only re- source is to mortgage his farm ; and this system having been once adopted, lets in upon him all the numerous qvils of accumulating interest, litigation and final bankruptcy, with their invariable attend- ants— loss of ambition and self-respect. Nothing will sooner break down the energies, and prostrate the ambition of a sensitive and proud spirit, than a sense of indebtedness without ability to pay. Place a man on a farm of ten acres in Ireland,' with a large family hanging on him for support — with nil the drawbacks of a high rental, church taxes, and the like, amounting annually, in the nggregate, to a sum exceeding the income of the like quantity of land in this State, and he shall wring from the soil the wherewithal to make him- self and those who depend upon his industry, more comfortable than the farmer who here owns his hundred acres, and to whom the evils of an exor- bitant rental, and the other contingencies above in"ntiimed, are unknown I It is true that the Irish peasant is a stranger to those luxuries and extravagancies of dress and education, which are so common among all classes here. The proprie- tor of the soil too, is vested in the hands of men, who have found the advantages of an enlightened and thorough cultivation, and to whom science has imparted that most valuable of all human wisdom, the knowledge of adapting means lo ends. A lax tenant — remiss in his duties and intent only in sapping the soil, would not be tolerated. In Chi- na, also, as well as in England, Germany, Walea and Holland, the same system of thorough ciiltiva- tion prevails with the same success. In China, not a rod of land cap.nble of cultivation, is permit ted to remain unimproved. Even the hill-sides, and steep acclivities are trellised with vines, so that the entire surface of the country is represent- ed by tourists, as presenting the appearance of a well cultivated and flourishing garden, abounding in all that can amuse the fancy or delight the eye. Are we wrong in asserting that the great evil with us is at present too much land ? We think not ? We have now before our mind's eye, a farm of fourteen acres from which more hay will be cut this season than one in its vicinity — on the same geological formation, and of precisely similar soil — which contains upwards of forty. Nor are such cases by any means rare. The mystery is this ; — while the owner of the fourteen acre lot has pur- sued a system of thorough cultivation, the proprie- tor of the other has been careless and improvi. dent — the other livoa only from "day lo day." — Maine Cultivator. From (be Fermers' Manual. APPLICATION OF MANURES TO THE SOIL. The powerful effect of Bone-dust upon almost every soil to which it has been applied admits of an easy and satisfactory explanation, by the con- sideration that it is, generally speaking, less abun- dant in soils than any other of the mineral sub- stances required as the food of plants, and is an- nually carried away in great quantities in the shape of corn, cattle, and wool; by which the most fer- tile soils must, in time, become exhausted of that indispensable substance. Less every year is re- turned to the soil by the ordinary manure of a farm than has been taken from it, and a corresponding diminution or produce ensues ; thus the great in- crease produced by the applicntion of this part of the food of plants only, is the surest proof that it had previously become deficient. Of the mineral suhslanccs potash is the next most likely substance to be exhausted ; fur although it is slowly yielded by the disintegration of the soil, from exposure to the weather in the operation of fallowing, yet in most cases it is carried off much faster than it is thus supplied, and the deficiency is made manifest by the often astonishing effect produced by dressings of wood, fern, or other veg- etable ashes. The continual drain of thesu two precious materials, so indispensable to fertility, claims the farmer's most serious attention. .Mu- riate of soda (common salt), sulphate and carbonate of lime and iron, though equally indispensable to plants, are much more abundant, and, in many ca- vol.. XVII. so. 8. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 59 es, inc.vhaiistiblc ; and it may be confulcnlly as- erted, that tlie failure of both corn and prcrn Tops is more frequently owing to a deficiency of lone-cartli and potash tlian of any other eubstan- es required by plants. These observation.^ aie lorne out by the present state of a larje portion of lie land in the maritime or Atlantic Slates of Aine- ica, once so remarkably fertile, and considered by he first settlers as inexhaustible. The fertility of hc'se slates has been so uuich reduced by contin- reil crofipinj; with corn and tobacco, by which both >ota>!i and the phosphates are carried away, that hey will now no longer bear ihi'se crops without leavv and repeated manuring'. The same diminii- ion of fertility in grain has been e.\perienced in he south of Kurope and the north of Africa, which, n very early times, were subjected to cultivation, ind lui many centuries sustained an immense pop- ilation. The long-continued consumption of corn nd cattle in Rome, and other large cities, drained iff the most fertilizing substances of the soil to luch a degree as to render it comparatively sterile. Phe same injurious effect must be produced in ;very country where the like causes are in opera- ion, and where drains and rivers are allowed to :arry off the most precious and fertilizing princi- jles of the soil, as is at present the case in Eng- and ; and this injurious consequence, though it nay be protracted for a time, cannot be averted jy the most skilful and judicious management in )ther respect.f. 'J'he pressure of population on the Jieans of subsistence has long taught the Chinese he necessity of strictly preventing the waste of jny fertilizing substance, and their care and dili- gence in this respect reproaches the negligence of ,he civilized nations of Europe, who are often of- 3icted by scarcity of food, while they waste the m'-ans of securing it in abundance. The intelligent farmer cannot fail to be coiivin- :ed that those artificial manures whicli are the most effective, seem to follow the same rule which prevails in the growth of plants — in which rapidity of growth is ever followed by early decay ; and are therefore best when applied to heavy, sluggish Boils — while those of the alkalis, like chalk and marl, are more profitably made use of on the light- er lands. The principal advantages that farm-yard dung possesses over artificial manures have been already stated ; namely — that it contains all the elements of plants ; is more attractive of moisture ; and, by its decomposition in the soil, produces an increase of temperature. To these may be added its more permanent effect. Artificial manures, though they are less perfect, and generally more transient, are more forcing in the early stages of the growth of plants. These qualities may be united with e.x- collent efl^ect, by using both with the same crop, and especially with the turnip crop. A gentleman in the north of Ireland found the greatest benefit from using about half the usual quantity of farm- yard manure, and drilling with the seed less than half the prescribed measure of Poitlevin's manure. His turnips grew with great vigour, and obtained the prize given by the local agricultural society ; nor can there be much doubt that the practice would be beneficial if adopted with any of the ap- proved manures now coming into use. In the application of dung alone it may be al- most needless to remark that, when reserved for the wheat crop, to be placed upon a fallow of clo- ver stubble, the heaps should receive an additional turning, the more effectually to destroy the seeds of weeds that may have escaped the effect of the first fermentation, as these cannot, as in turnips, 1 be ridded from the growing crop, especially when broad-cast. In the case of manuring upon the, clover stubble, it is a much preferable practice to prepare the dung as a compost, and apply it im- mediately after the fir.st crop of clover is cut, which will produce a larger second crop, and a greater develnpement of the roots for the benefit of the suc- ceeding wheat, with much less liability of injury from the seeds of weeds. In the application of dung to land intended for heans, only such a degree of fermentation is re- quired as to allow of it being regularly spread and covered by the plow. There is, indeed, but lit- tle time for fermentation, as the bean is frequently sown in January, and never later than in the months of l-ebruary and March ; but when beans are either drilled or dibbled, so as to admit of the effectual operation both of the liorse and hand hoe, every weed may be effectually destroyed ; and the pro- tracted decomposition of the dung in the ground, in contact with the roots of the plant, Isceps up a continual supply of food and of temperature. Sir H. Davy advocates the application of unformented straw — so far as applicable — upon the principle recognized by all chemists — "that the elements of vegetable and animal substances enter more readi- ly into new combinations at the instant of their separation from the old, than at any time after- wards ; which is promoted by the heat that always accompanies, or is produced by decomposition." Indeed, fermentation above ground must always be attended, however carefully managed, with a very considerable dissipation of valuable matter ; and — notwithstanding the observations of Von Thaer, hereafter quoted — must be considered rather as an expedient than a desirable preparation. In advocating this principle, Sir Humphrey should, however, have applied it only to those crops which are evidently benefitted by its use. Turnips, for instance, require well-rotted spit- dung, for the purpose of pushing forward the plants, to furnish a large bulk of roots for the feeding of sheep ; which again reproduce it, in tlie shape of manure for an ensuing crop of corn: thus afford- ing a double quantity, and that immediately before the seed is sown. To beans, however, only one dressing is applied both for the present and the fu- ture crop of wheat, for which the greater portion of nutriment should be reserved. In order, there- fore, to effect that essential object, the manure should be put into the ground when only slightly, if at all, fermented; allowing it to decompose, while in the earth, by the gradual process of time ; and, for many reasons, we should recommend it to be laid upon the land during tho course of autumn and winter. First. If the soiling system has been carried on, all the dung made by the cattle during sum- mer will liave been formed from green food and roots, and the manure will be in a more fit state for ufc at that time than if kept for the bean-sowing season. Secondly. It can be carted upon tho soil when the land is in a dry state, in which it will not be injuriously affected by the poaching wliich so fre- quently occasions mischief when the ground is wet, and which, on heavy clays, sometimes serious- ly impedes the sowing of beans; and it may be done after wheat seed-time, when tlie teams are more at leisure. Lastly. If the manure be immediately ploughed under, it will be sufficiently rotted; and it will af- ford the material advantage of admitting the beans to be sown at an earlier period. In tlie districts where ihe folding system is prac- tised, and the land favourable for the cultivation of beans and peas, it is a good method to spread or litter the fold, with rough strawy manure, wliich receives the droppings, and with them is trodden into the ground, and ploughed down as soon as the courses of tlie fold will permit. I5y tliis riieana very little of either of the volatile or more fixed substances are wasted. Such practice is not only economical with regard to manure, but is also very favourable to the sheep at the inclement season of the year in which it must take place. — Farmei''t Manual. (To be continued.] Tilings to be Remembered — Horses should never be put to severe work on a full stomach. More horses are hurt by liard driving after a full feed ; than by a full feed after hard driving. If the farmer wishes to have his pork barrel and meal chest hold out, let him look well to his kitchen garden. Plenty of vegetables conduce not more to lieallh than to profit. In laying in a stock of winter fodder for ani- mals, let it not be forgotten that a little too much is just enough. Starving animals at any lime is miserable policy. As you treat your land, so it will treat you. Feed it with manures liberally, and it will yield you bread bountifully. Avoid debt as you would the leprosy. If you are ever templed to purchase on credit, put it off for three days. You need time for reflection. Never beg fruit, or any thing else you can pro- duce by the°cxpenditure of a little time or labor. It is as reasonable to expect a man to give away the products of his wheat field, as of his orchard or fruit garden. The man who uses good seed, has a good soil, and works it in good season, rarely fails of having a good crop to reward his toil. Never forfeit your word. The saying in tru'h, of any farmer, ' his word is as good as his^ bond,' is worth more to him than the interest of $10,000 annually. — Albany Cultivator. Simple and Economical Plow.— Mr. Rouse has introduced a plow, which, if it can do half what he promises, will prove the most useful and per- fect thing of the kind yet known. It is thus de- scribed : The share may be deepened, or flatten- ed, to or from tho land in an instant without stop- j ping the horses, or the plowman's hand being ta- keirofl" tho plow ; that it will go with or without a ground, with or without wheels, with a wood breast for turnip and summer land, and with any shaped iron breast that may be required or prefer- red ; that it requires no sledge for its removal from place to place ; that the coulter may be moved six ways, by a movement efl'ectcd in an instant,and so firm that no horse can move it ; that the furrow can be taken any width and any depth, up-hill or down-hill, with equal facility ; that it will be less expensive to the farmer and more easy to the la- borer than any plow yet made, the whole construc- tion being so simple as to be kept in repair at less cost than^other p\ovi8.— English paper. The figures of Arithmetic brought into Europe by the Saracens, A. U. 991. 60 N E Wi' ENGLAND FARMER, AUG. 83, 1843. THE RA'I'TLKSNAKE. Tlie followiiii; interesting account of Iho raltle- Bn;i!ii^, CDinimiriicaleil by a medical gentlenKin, is copitd Ironi tlie Sonlliern Sportsman: Siiine years ago, I became possessed of a fine specimen of llie rattlesnake, which I kept alive in an iron cage durincj a whole year. VVIiile he was in my ■ possession, I hnd ample opportunities of studyintf all his characteristics, his mode of U'e, epoiitaneous instincts, in short, many new features in this terrible creature's peculiar pliysiolou-y. At first, when the negro from whom I bought him, exhibited him to me on the veriindah of my residence, he had a small cord fastened around his neck. On my seeing liiin, I asked if his fangs had been extracted. It appears from what happened afterwards, that my fpiestion was badly put, or ill understood, since the negro readily answered that they had. To give me a complete idea of the size and beauty of the creature, he took him out of the small wooden box in which he had brought liim to me, fearlessly detached the string, and let him loose on the ground. The reptile began to glide in a sinuous, undulating, but gentle course, along tlie Court. Seeing him approach the limits of my plantation, and for fear of his trespassing on my neighbor's, I desired the negro to bring him back. Obeying my instructions, the man immediately recaptured him, which he eftected by applying his fingers to the back of his head, and brought hiin to me again. I then Liegan to examine him atten- tively ; and after having caused his mouth to be opened, what were my astonishment and concern in perceiving two long and terrible fangs project- ing from the sides of his upper jaw! I thought for a moment how endangered we had been in leaving him free for an instant. However, I said nothing, but went forthwiili for a pair of small forceps, and instantly extracted them. I questioned the negro as to his fearlessness in seizing such a dangerous animal, seemingly with- out the least precaution. He replied tliat there was never any danger when the snake was not coiled up preparatory to making a spring. I had already heard of this peculiarity in the reptile, but this was the first occular deinonstralion of its be- ing taken advantage nf, that I had experienced. At first, I sought diligently to procure for him liis usual food, which consists of small living ani- mals, such as birds, the young of rabbits, squirrels, &.C., but, for the whole of the time he was alive with me, I never once knew him to eat. The only appetite he seemed to consult was that of drink, in which lie indulged most abundantly, plunging his liead into the water furnished him, and swallowing large draughts at a time. When in a state of excitement. When he was lying at his length, if I ventured to come near to threaten him with my finger, or with any other object, passing briskly over the wire of the cage, 1 used to see him prepare for defence, gathering his folds into a spiral form, which fre- quently became a double spiral — one of which be- ing formed by the lower half of the body, in the middle of which his rattle was perpendicular, vi- brating: the other in an inverted way, by the up- per part ; but this incompletely terminaled, on ac- count of the position of his head, which ho turned against the middle of his body, as if he would there take a point d'appui, to overlook the object by which he was disturbed. 1 he animal remained thus enclosed nearly one year, without taking any food wliptever — (from 28th June, 1840, to Jlth of June, I84I.) In tiie spring of 1841 , he changed his skin, or rather epidermis, by which 1 was enabled to re- mark liow he increased the number of rings in his rattle. There were ten of these when I bought him ; on this event occurring, I numbered eleven. The last fragments remaining of the old epidermis were stuck to the new rattle. It is very well known that these appendages are a continuation of the epidermis in the rattlesnake, as the nails are a continuation of the epideimis in man. During his captivity, two long venomous fangs had replaced those which I had at first torn out. Having had frequent opportunities of talking about this animal ivitli my friends and visitors in in hi ments about the room, after which he approache. the bed, and at last all became silent. We shal see in the end, that he had come to place liimsel precisely under the bed, bad rolled himself up, am from that moment moved no more. At daylight, my friend heard the steps of a ser vant, who was coming, according to his custom, v perforin his morning duty. The Doctor cried ou to him not to open the door, but to go for an oh African negro, named Isaac, who was known t approach these reptiles without fear. The latte arrived, entered confidently, and saw the snaki rolled lip under the bed. The three others had re niained in the cage, although the door was open his first care uao to sliul it. I»Iy friend insisted oi his sliooting the snake. Isaac refused, and declar ed hiiiisell able to seize the animal without th( least fear of being bitten by him. In effect, hi advanced to the bed, whistling softly with hia lips pronouncing some words in English in a caressint tone, and then, after some minutes, he ventured U pass his hand over the back of the snake, all the time trying to soothe him. Afterwards, lifiinr him gently by the head, whilst he continued tc whistle, talk, and southe him, he induced the ani. mal to place himself on his arm and body. The snake let the negro carry him thus through the chamber, without betraying either fright or any offensive emotion. The Doctor asked Isaac to replace the reptile lenlly agitate his tail, giving forth that noise of the rattle which inspires so much terror in his nat- ural wilds amongst all the beasts of the field ; and looking with intentness of purpose, to which some people fancifully ascribe fascination, would dart on the object which displeased him, with the rapidity of lightning. There is a peculiarity in the struc- ture of the mouth of this serpent, which I liad fre- ([uent opportunity of observing. The two fangs are bent inward to such an extent, that, to enable him to make use of them, it is necessary that the upper jaw should be thrown very far back. Thus, when he intends to bite, nothing can equal this ex- traordinary appearance of his mouth so expanded, It absolutely appears as if his head were half olT. the country, I learned many peculiarities of the habits and instinct of his kind. The rattlesnake, whether met with in his excur- sions on the ground, or surprised in his private re- cesses, unless provoked, either on purpose or through inadvertence, is never the aggressor. A physician — one of my intimate friends — who has, like nic, a desire of observing the habits of these terrible reptiles, succeeded in furnisliing liim- self with four of them, of various sizes. For fear of some accident, on account of the negligence of his negroes, he had placed the cage which enclosed them, in a spacious room, which he made his bed- chamber. A negro was selected to feed and at- tend to iheni. It was my friend's custom, on his return home, to take a glance at his animals, to assure himself of their being well shut. One night, having come home very late and tired, he neglected this precaution, and went to bed. The weather was very hot, and notwithstanding his state of fatigue, several hours glided away without his obtaining any sleep. He suddenly heard a light sliding noise on the floor, which ceased very soon, and ho ceased to give any more attention to the circumstance. After some moments, the same noise revived, and he then cautiously looked out of le would vio- I bed to ascertain what might be the cause of it. s cage. " Oh, massa, that 's impossible," says The moonlight shining full into the room, he ob served the largest of the snakes (he had 18 rattles) roaming free along the floor ! I leave the reader to imagine what were his impressions at this unex- pected sight ! What was he to do in this case ? A loaded gun was hanging in the extremity of the room. How to reach it was the question. Fur- t'lPr — was this animal the only one out of the cage, or were the others, too, at liberty ? The whole of the servants were asleep. He resolved to wait for the morning : but he first took the pre- caution of slowly and carefully drawing up his mus<]uilo curtain around the bed ; afterwards he sat down and carefully watched the issue. The animal continued to make some undulatory move- he — "if I tried to do it, he 'd get angry and bite me— look !" Indeed, scarcely did Isaac stoop and lean towards the cage, before the animal began to move briskly and sound his rattle. Isaac immediately got up, began again his sooth- ing caresses, and the animal fell calm. He then asked for a strong sheet ; by degrees accustomed the snake to the view of this object, and then pass- ed one end of the edges of it between his arm and the animal's body, continuing his wheedling and walking about all the time. As soon as he was certain that he could in a moment envelope the animal in the sheet, he rapidly threw it around him,, and thus was the snake mastered. All that re- mained now to be done was to reinstate him in the cage; of which the door was very small com- paratively with the mass which formed the animal so wrapped up. Isaac displayed the same dexterity in unrolling the sheet that he had exhibited in his other manoeu° vres. He succeeded, by a series of quick and skilful movements, in getting the snake back to his old quarters, without receiving the slightest in- jury ; shut the cage, and thus my friend's unplea- sant afl^air terminaled. The negro, however, said, if a similar affair happened again with the same snake, he could never venture to approach him, for fear of being bitten, because he had in this man- ner deceived him. These facts are of undoubted authenticity, since I had them from the mouth of my friend. There is an attribute peculiar to the hog, in re- lation to the rattlesnake, which may be new to some of your readers. On the approach of the hog, the snake seems terrified, and tries to escape. But the grunter pursues, seizes, and devours him with the most absolute indiflxvcnoe to his rattle and fangs. If it be a sow, accompanied by a lit- ter of young ones, she even divides the prey among the little squeakers. I will close these remarks with the relation of mother adventure, which threatened in its effects, )i,. XXII. n;>. s. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 61 ip^, to be still niirc terrible. A hunter of my aiiitaiice usod to amuse himself, whenever ho some fine specimen of the rattlesnake, with avorin;jr to citch liiin. This he was enabled I by means of a lim^ stick, split nt the end, which he was accustomed to seize him by the of the head, ne day, as he was posted at some distance his friends, watchirijj far Ills game, (deer,) he jived one of these reptiles, which he seized in ninner above mentioned ; and then, after hav- irmly placed his fingers behind his head, he ■ted himself by openini^ its mouth in order to line his teeth and fangs. tiie meantime, the snake, qinie unnbeerved oy riend, who was entirely absorbed in the in- ion of the creature's head, had twisted its in numerous folds around his arm. Little by , he was conscious of a sli^fht pressure, ac- lanied by an alarming- numbness in this mem- He immediately endeavored to disengage rm, but, at the same time, the pressure and mess kept augmenting, and he, by degrees, vith horror, that his fingers were losing all r of retaining their hold. At last, the head e animal began to slip away, gradually draw- lear the palm of his hand, and the thoughtless ;r had just begun to realize the horrible con- !nces which might result from his imprudence, his companion at the next post, alarmed by ries, most opportunely arrived, and, hastily ig out a little bottle of ammoniac, he poured mients into the rattlesnake's mouth. Sudden- is frightful scene was coni;)letely changed : nimal unrolled liiinself, fell to the ground, and killed. vill just mention, e?i passant, for the informa- of the uninitiated, that some hunters in these • ns are accustomed to carry with them a bot- f this alkali, to provide against the chance of dogs bring bitten by the snakes, jersonally know both the human actors in this lie scene, and I am sure that one of them will inly never expose himself to a similar danirer. Jo not add any reflections to these light sketch- le consequences and inferences naturally flow- rom the incidents they embrace. The peru- loivever, will not fail to point out to us the er we are always liable to incur by making ferocious creatures the objects of domestic :enient or careless investigation. B , M. D. ''omalo Pickles. — Take tomatoes when Iwo- s ripe — prick them full of holes with a fork ; make a strong brine, boil and skim it. When put your tomatoes in : let tiiem remain eight , and then take out and put them in weak viii- Let them lay twentyfour hours; then lake out and lay a laying of tomatoes, then a thin ig of onions, with a leaspoonful each of cinna- cloves and pepper, and a tablespoonful of ard ; then pour on sharp vinegar. You may hem in jars, if you like. — Michigan Far. nxims. — Never expect your lands to give you '. if yon give them lillle ; nor to make you rick u make them poor. J " save at the spigot and let out at the bung," soon empty the largest hogshead ; so will ■imy in small matters and waste in large ones, liily squander the largest estate. — Anon. INDIAN HILL FARM. In vol. x.\i, page lO'J, of the New England Par- mer, wo noticed the celebrated " Indian Hill Farm" in Newbury, owned by Col. Poore, and alluded to other lands which he was reclaiming. We ex- tract the following description of " Meadciw Farm," (which it seems is the name that has been given to the lands we alluded to,) from two numbers of the Newbiiryport Herald of last month; and we take the liberty of gimrantying a most hospilablo reception to any friend of agricultiir(^, who may bo disposed to visit old " Indian Hill Farm," and are sure that they would not only be gratified but in- structed by an inspection of the premises and the rKciciiig and diaining now going on at "Meadow Farm."' " A LITTLE Farm well" — Fenced. — It is al- ways a sign of a thrifty farmer to have his fields well enclosed. V'oii may be sure, when you see land nicely fenced, the owner of said land under- stands its value — what it is, or may be — and that he moans by due culture to develope its riches and render it productive. Especially is a stone wall — the materials thereof being gathered from the acres that are to be devoted to pasturage, or pre- pared to give the mower a heavy swath, or turned into tillage — especially is a stone wall, under such circumstances, pleasant evidence that the acres belong to a man who is in earnest to do his duly to them, and have them return due and gratefully given crops for beast and man, for his pains. As go the fences so goes the (arm. This is a sale test in ninetynine cases out of a liundred. When the rails are part up and part down, the posts loose in the holes and reeling in the wind — when the stone walls are remarkable for their serrated top and for their numerous air-holes — you need not pause to inquire whether the man who lives behind that pile of brush wood, in the house with clap- boards swinging in the breeze, and old hats in the windows, takes the "New England Farmer," or makes both ends meet, or is forehanded. Yon may at once conclude, he liad ralher hold himself up by the fence half the day, than spend an hour in making fence. But where you observe a straight and perpendicular procession of rail and posts or a substantial stone wall, plumb and square, you may be tolerably sure, without in(|uiring, the man who dwells alongside that shed with its glorious ranges of wood, sawed, split and piled, in that neat house, before whose door-way sleds are not trying to gel warmth enough to last through next winter, and hay-carts and wheels are not cracking in the July sun, you may be tolerably sure that man " knows what 's what" — how to turn a furrow, liow to turn a penny, carries corn to market, and hires all the help he can get in haying time. The frame in which a farm is set, generally shows how highly the proprietor values it, and how much labor he bestows to make it profitable. Whetlier it will support the truth of these re- marks or not, we cannot tell; but if any one wish- es to sec an excellent stone wall, recently made, reminding one of the miles of good wall in Rhode Island and C'. 1? 72 93 75 N. esday, 16 59 78 70 N. E. day, 17 61) 86 70 S. •, IS C3 81) 80 s. \v. «y, y. 19 70 83 71 E. 211 06 C3 70 1 N. K. JHTON MARKET.— Monday, Aug. 21, 1843. Reported for the N. E. Farmer. M.irliet 425 Reef Cattle, 50 Cows and Calves, Sheep and 250 Swine. css.— lteef Cattle. — Last week'sprices worn fully ned. Two yoke were probably sold at something than our highest quotations. A few e.\lra $4 50 a First qiialiiy, $4.25 a 4.50. Second quality, $3.75 >5. Third quality $3.00 a $3.50. OS and Calves. — We noticed sales $12, $15, $18, $25 and $27. ep — Dull. Small Iota of Lambs with a few old ) from 50 cts. to $1 50. Old Sheep $1.75, a $2.00 ;2.25. Inc. — Lots to peddle 4 3 8 for sows, and 5 3-8 for iTs. At retail from 5 to 7. kVIIOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected tcith great care, weekly. ilDS. Herds Grass, go 00 to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top 60 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Soutliern, 0 Klax Seed, S(< 00 per bushel. Lugerue, 33 c. per lb. y Seed, S4 50 per bushel. AIN. Duty, Corn, Rye and Beans, free; Barley 20 nt. ; Oats 20 per cent. : demand for corn has been limited, but the arrivals of jek being light, a gradual improvement in prices for nesling has been experienced. n — Northern, old, bushel 62 to 63— Southern, round ', old, 60 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 69 a 60 — t. white 54 a 55— dn New Orleans, 50 a 54— Barley I —Rye, Northern, 70 a 72— do. Southern, 60 a 65 — Southern, 00 a 00 — \onhern do. 31 to 32 — Beans, per 1 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 25 — Bran, :0. OUR. There is quite a fulling oflT in the receipts this but the demand has been so very trifling that no vc improvement can be noticed. Itimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S5 12 a 8 25 — do. ', «0 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, $0 00 a 5 12 — Phila- ia Ho. 4 mos. So 00 a 0 00 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 S5 12 a 0 0— Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 00, irceiown, $3 50 a 6 OU-^Ricl'iiiond Canal, S5 20 a 0 on City, 80 00 a iion — Pelersburc;h,Soulh side 30 00 a 0 00 Counlry 80 00 aO 00— Genesee, common, cash, S5 00 a -do lanty brands S5 18 a 5 25 — Ohio via Canal, a 0 00 — do do ^ew Orleans, cash S4 87 a 5 12. Rye, a 4 00— liidia-i Meal in bbls. «2 75 a 3 00. .OVISIONS. The market continues firm for Beef and and for the latter, steady sales are making at the quo- itcs. !f— Mess 4 110. new bbl. $S 50 a 8 75— Navy— 87 50 a -No. I, 7 00 a 7 25— do Prime SO 00 a 0 00— Pork— 1 clear 4 mo. bbl. 313 00 a 13 50— do Clear SOOOOa 12 50 Hess, II 00 5 II 50— do Prime 810 00 a 10 50- do Mess other States,- a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 argodo. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do dn SOO 00 a 00 00 — r, shipping, 0 a 0 1 — do store, uninspected, 7 a 9— do , 10 cts. a 14 — Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do I and Western, 5 a 7 — tlams, Boston, 6 a 6^ — lern and Western, i\ a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, —do new milk, 5 a 6. 30i,. Duty. The v.ilue whereof at the place of ex- tion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, free. All where ! Vii'ue exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. anil . per pound. ,ere hn-i been rather more demand for flseces, particular- r the finest descriptions. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 35— Do 3-4 do 32 a 00- Do. l-2do 29 a 30-1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do 3 a IO--Saxonj , dean, 00— Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. dn. nickeil, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 'ii a 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duly 20 percent. Ist sort Mass 1S42, lb. 14 a 15. ad do. do. do. 00a 00. H A V, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed 810 to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 3 to 4c.— New 5 to 6. EGGS, 12 a 14. STRAAVBERRIKS I The subscriber would most respectfully give notice to those who ;;re desirous of cultivating the most delicious Fr'iit,tliat he will ofler his select collection of Plants, at ttie following reduced rates, in order that all may be enabled to grow them. Having been engaged for twelve years in raising this Fruit extensively, he is enabled, by his knowledge of itie choice varieties, and the best modes of cullivaiion, to otfer the most extensive assortment of Plants and in the finest condition, of any cultivator in the country. Persons may satisfy them- selves of this fact by a visit to his Gardens. Warren's Seeding Methven— iV very superior variety, a great bearer, perfectly hardy, the iruit often measuring six inches in circumference. Price per hundred plants, S5,00 Hovey's Seedling— A splendid fruit, bears abundanlly,and worthy of extensive culiivation, t5,00 Kcene's Seedling— Large fruit, and of very high flavor and rich perfume, 82,00 Bishop's Orange. — Very fine size and abundant bearer, 82,00 Myatt's Pine— A delicious fruit, 82,00 Downton — A superior and large fruit, 82.00 The above varieties are all of the most superior kinds,and can be highly recommended. The following old varieties will be furnished nt $4,00 per hundred : — Early Virginia, Hautliois, Methven Castle, and Royal Scarlet, English Wood. Where one thousand Plants are ordered, a discount of 25 per cent will be allowed. 5;5-Every Plant sent from the Gardens will be warrantey true. The several varieties, carefully labelled and secureld ]>,icked, so as to be transportefl any distance in safety, and where it is desired, directions for planting and cultivation will accompany llie Plants. The months of August and September are the best months in the year for making planlalions of this Fruit. Thoso made at this season and properly treated will produce fruit the coining season. Orders enclosing the amount wanted or with references) and lalt with Geo. W. Warren & Co. 192 Washington street, Boston, or forwarded by mail to the subscriber, will receive immediate and carel'ul attention JAMES L. L. F. WARREN, Aug. 15 Nonantum Vale, Brighton. STR.VWIEmiRICS I The sub.scriber can supply all llie most eslecmed varieties of Sirawberries now in cultivation. The prcnent is consid- ered a good time (or Ihe formation of new beds. The fol- lowing are llie prices per hundred plants; — /{orry'i Scedliv^ — a very superior variely, of large sized, fine flavor, abundant bearer, and very hardy, 85,00 Kerne's Scedlivg — Large fruit, very high flavor and high perfume, 82,01) liisliop's Orange- ■ Fine size, abundant bearer and supe- rior flavor, 82,00 liUon Seedling — Very large fruit of a superior flavor, con- sidered one of the best in Kiigland, 85,00 Myall's Pine—k delicious fruit, 83,00 The old varieties furnished at 81.60 per hundred. Orders sent by mail enclosing the money will be punc- tually attended to, and the plants well packed for Iranspor- talion. JOSEPH BRECK. Boston, Aug. 15, 1843. SAYIiB'S GARDKX KJVGING:, A splendid arlicle, will throw a constant stream of water to the distance of 50 or 60 feet, with great force, and in case of fire would be a good substitute for a fire engine. The most perfect article for the purpose ever introduced. For i-ale at the Agricultural Warehouse anil Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 Noah Market Street, Boston. May 24. JOSEPH BKECK & CO. ADIIIIVISTRATOR'S S;V1,E OP DURHAM CAT- TLB AT AUCTION. The entire herd of improved Durham short horned Cattle, the properly of the late Henry Hudson, Esq. consisiing of upwards of twenty head of thorough bred Cows and Heifers and two Bulls ; also, about tv.'enty head of \us.\\ bred Cows and Heifers will he sold at auclion at llie Rocky Hill farm, heretofore owned by Mr. Hudson, about three miles from the city of Hariford,on THURSDAY the 24th of August, 1843, at U. o'clock in the forenoon. , r ■ . /■ This herd haw been carefully bred from importatu'ns from Ibe herds of Charles Champion, Esq., Mr VVelherel, Mr Whitaker and Mr Cuiry, all well known English breeders, and no pains or expense have been spared by the late pro- prietor to procure and breed first rate animals. The sale will be positive and no part of the stock will be disposed of previous to the auction. Per order of the Administrator. SEXTON & SEYMOUR, Auc'rs. Hattfor d ug. 4, 1843. SCIONS PUR BUDDING AND INGRAFTING. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. will supply orders for Scions of the various Fruits, cut from the bearing specimen trees in their experimental orchards, at 25 cents for each variely They ^^ have also above 100 new varieties of I'ears and oTIier (runs recently introduced, which are comprised in the new catalogue of the London Hort. Society and other late publications,— of which they will supply a few Scions at 50 cents for each variety. No order lor a less amount than $5 can be executed, and the cash musl accompany the orders. WILLIAM R PRINCE & CO. Linnsen Botanic Garden and Nurseries, Flushing. Aug. e, 1B43. N. B. A great variety of monthly Tree Roses arc now in flower, and 1000 fine Plants 4 feet high can be supplied in October. WANTED A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who is well acquainted with Gardening in its various branches, and who can give salislaclory testimo- nials, wishes a situation. He will, if required, take charee of a horse and cow. Please apply at the Office of Ihe N. E. Farmer, 62 North Market Street. Aug. 8. POUDRETTE I PoUDRETTK I I The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale, Poudrette in quanlilies to suit purchasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or iransporlation by wagon or Rail The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest opcraiion upou vegetable matier, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meet wuh prompt attention. For sale bv J. BRECK i. CO, 61 and 52 North Market St., Boston. Oct. 20. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price S2. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price 024 cts. '^''li.^J DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 2110 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market st. NUCK MANUAI^. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck Man- ual for Farmers. By Dr S. L. Dana; price 62i. 64 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. Al'G. 33, 184 !. MISCELLANEOUS. CnfcJnsfino- Sermons. — Parson B., of L- Mass., waa what is commonly termed "a popular preaclier" — not, however, hy ilrawin;; on his own J stores, but hy the knack which he possessed of ap- propriating llie thoui;lits and language of cele- biated divines who had gone before l)iin, to his own use, and by a skilful splicing and dovetailing of passages, make a whole. Fortunately for him, those who composed his audience were not deeply skilled in pulpit lore, and with such he passed for a wonder of erudition. It liappened, however, that the parson was delected in hia literary larcencies. One Sunday, a grave old gentleman seated himself close to the pulpit, and listened with pr(.foiind at- tention. The parson had scarcely finished his third sentence, when the old gentleman said, in a tone loud enough to be heard by those near him, " That 'a Sherlock." The parson frowned, but went on. He had not proceeded much farther, when his grave auditor broke out with, "That's Tillotston." The parson bit his lips, and paused, but again went on. At a third e.xclamation of, "That's Blair," the parson lost all patience, and, leaning over the side of the pulpit, " Fellow !" he cried, " if you do n't hold your tongue, you shall be turn- ed out." Without altering a mnscle, the old cyn- ic, looking the parson full in the face, said, " That's his own." — Sthcted. Where you ought to hare been. — A clergyman who is in the habit of preaching in ditfcrent parts of the country, happened to ba at an inn, where he observed a hor>e jockey trying to lake in an hon- est man, by impusing upon him a broken-winded horse, for a sound one. The parson knew the bad character of the jockey, and taking the gentleman aside, told him t" be cautious of the person he was dealing with. The gentleman finally declined the purchase, and the jockey, quite nettled, observed, "Parson, I had much rather hear you preach, than see you privately interfere in bargains between man and man, in this way." "Well," replied the parson, " if you had been where you ought to have been, last Sunday, you might have heard me preach." " Where was that ?" inquired the jock- ey. " In the State Prison," returned the clergy- raan Selected. .1 Pig Outwitted. — Matthews, in one of his en- tertainments, raises a henrty laugh, by telling the following story of an Irishman driving a pig. Ani- mals of this species are well known for their obsti- nacy, and for their perseverance in endeavoring to go any way but that which you wish them to take. Matthews asked the Irishman where he was driving the pig-' and the following colloquy ensued: "Spake lower, your honor — pray spake lower." "Why should I speak lower.' I only ask you whither you are driving the pig" " Spake lowur." " What reason can you have for not answering BO trifling a question ?" " Why sure, I would answer your honor any- thing; but I am afraid the crathur'd hare me." " What then ?" "Then he'll not go; for I'm taking him to Cork, but making him believe he is going to Fer- moy !'' Cutting Retort. — Two gentleman, Mr D. and Mr L., stood candidates for a seat in the legisla- ture of New York. They were violently opposed to each other in politics. By some artifice, AlrD. gained the election. When he was returning home, much elated with success, he met an ac- quaintance, to whom he observed, "Well, I have got the election : L. was no match for me. I'll tell you how I flung him. If there happened any Dutch voters, I could talk Dutch with them — and there I had the advantage of him. If there were any Frenchmen, I could talk French with them — and there 1 had the advantage of him. But as to L., he was a clever, honest, sensible little fellow." " Yes, sir," replies the gentleman, "and there he had the advantage of you." — Selected. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great irniirovemenis have hecn made the post year in form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the niouM In has lieen so formed as to lay the furrow complrteh, o turning- m every parlide of ^rass or Hubble, and leavin" g-roitnil in the best possible manner. The leiioih of mould lioard has hs n very much increased, so llial i Plough works wiih the greatest ease, l.olh wah respect the holding and the team. The Commitlee al the late ti 01 Ploughs at Worcester, sav, " ^''"'l'/' ""'' "P'"'"" '"? !>sked as to which of the Plou' we should prefer /or use on a farm, we might perhaps say the inquirer, if your land is mosny light and easy to wc try Prouty & Mears, hut if your lunclis heavy, hard orroe BEGIN WITH Mr. Howard's.'' At the ahove mer.t;oned trial the Howard Plough , more work trilh Ike same pmrer of team, than any ol, plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iweni^s'se, and one hjlf inches, to the lia Ihs. draught, while Howard Plough turned twentynine and one'half inches the same pouer of team ! All acknowledge thai Howar Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantia made. There has heen quite an improvement made on the sh or land side of tins Plough, which can be renewed with having to furnish a new landside: this shoe hkewise seen the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S5 to Sl5. A Ploii sutticient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost ah. slO 50, aud with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, S2 extra. ' The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail the INew England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St. INos. 61 & 52 North Market Street hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO " I rise, sir, for information," said a very grave member of a legislative body. " I am very glad of it," said Mr F., "ybr no man tvants it more," CHKKSE PRF.SSES. "He's Cut a Dido." — It is told in history, that Dido, a queen of Tyre, about 870 years before Christ, fled from that place upon the murder of her husband, and with a colony settled upon the north- ern coast of Africa, where she founded Carthage. Being in want of land, she bargained with the na- tives fur as much as she could surround with a bull's hide. Having made the agreement, she cut a bull's hide into fine strings, and tying them to- gether, claimed as much land as she could surround with the long line she had thus made. The na- tives allowed the cunning dutv of every individual to make some improvo- nts in the chart of life ; to point out the rocks i quicksands where he has suffered loss himself; i I suppose it is equally the duty of him who s sailed on a smooth sea, to leave his compass i his wake for the direction of future travellers. Observation is worth something- as well as expe- nce ; and when we see a poor debtor surroand- by a set of clamorous creditors, grasping the t cent which the law allows, we may realize all ! evils of mismanagement and e.ttravagance, thout partaking of their bitter fruit, fliy attention has been called to this subject, by s failure of several farmers, and as, in such ca- j, whole families are involved in the general eck, I trust I shall be pardoned if I offer a few ggestions to those wives and daughters, who ire proportionably in the weal and wo of the ■mer'slife. First, if debts have been contracted, it is for u to save the means and help lay by in store fficient to meet those dues. I have always no- ed that there was a better state of feeling in 3se families in which the woman knew some- ing of business matters, than rn those in which B is entirely ignorant of the extent of her hus- nd's resources. In the latter case, it is not un- mmon for her to desire and expect a supply of 5ans which it is impossible for him to furnish, le short and decisive refusal, without the whys d wherefores, is the end of the matter with him ; it not so with her. She thinks it over, the de- al rankles deeper, till she half believes it was c result of iinkindnoss alone. Now very likely she knew all the circumstances of the case, she luld not have expected or even asked for what 0 knew it was impracticable for him to purchase ; r it must be remenibercJ that we, (a majority of 1 at least,) are reasonable beings, and of the mi- irily I know there is a class, (though I acknowl- Ige it with shame,) who are determined to gratify e suggestions of a giddy fancy, without consult- g the length of their husband's purse. .Many a rmer is injured if not positively ruined, by the lormous amount of hisstore bills. The silk dress- !, and satin shawls, the fine kid gloves and ex- msive bonnets, with all the corresponding things r table, parlor, and chamber, create a style of ings too expensive for the man who has no in- ime but the products of a small farm. This ission for drees and fine living, is owing altogeth- er to a perverted taste, a false estimate which we place upon appearances. Rustic attire renders us none the worse, nor gaudy trappings any the bet- ter. I have noticed, also, that the plain f.irmcr's fare is giving place to the luxuries of the more opulent. My plan is to live plain myself, and give my com- pany the same sort of living. Belter indeed, to give them the plainest food, and furnish nought but cold water, 'sparkling and bright,' than pre- sent them with choice viands, fine Java, and the best of Old Hyson, at the expense of our creditors. Let us not feel willing that others should sutler loss through our excesses. Let us become like the women of the old school, simple in our diet, economical in our dress, cheerful in our labor, and patient in our suffering. Ours is indeed a life of care and labor, but it is one favorable to the enjoyment of true happiness, and the cultivation of our moral nature. We need not sigh for the ease and indolence of the fine lady, for could we but feel the languor and ennui that oppresses her, we should sigh again for that healthful labor that calls us up at the rising of the sun, and gives us but little respite till the go- ing down of the same. Now in recommending strict economy, and labor, I do not propose to abridge the comforts of life, but on the other hand to enhance all its joys. An ac tive employment and simple diet, give vigor and elasticity to the whole system. In fact, they are the essential conditions of its regular and heathful action. Freedom from debt, and a consciousness of integrity, give satisfaction to the mind, such as the fraudulent debtor can never know. Let it not be understood that we would encour- atre a mean and avaricious disposition, for this we consider still more reprehensible than a careless and prodigal one. But between two extremes there is always a mean, and this is as true in house- hold operations as in the problems of Euclid. In relation to funds expended for the education of children, we have only to say, let them be ex- pended judiciously. Look well to it that you get the worth of your money, for the country is filled with teachers who care as little for the improve- ment of your children as the unfaithful hireling for the improvement of your farm. When we com- bine our efforts to educate aright the young, and overcome in them that repugnance to labor which is so prevalent in our country, the condition of the farmer will be truly desirable. .\nd it is for us to render labor pleasing — not we who write, or those who lecture about it — but for us who work. Hab- its of industry are formed far earlier by example than by precept, for the child who sees a whole household rise with the dawn and perforin their allotted work with cheerlulness and pleasure, will naturally catch the spirit and copy the example of those around him. A drone placed in a commu- nity where labor was universal, where it was con- sidered honorable, would cease to bo a drone; how much easier, then, to learn the child, whose habits are all unfoimcd. ' There have buon foolish fathers among tha far- mers, who thought their sons must obtain some learned profession, instead of a knowledge of their own noble occupation — and there have been fool- ish mothers who have brought up their daughters in idleness and ignorance, (at least of household affairs,) hoping that they would marry wealthy tradesmen or fortunate speculators. But we be- lieve this ridiculous burlesque upon common sense, is giving place to more rational views And expec- tations. Hut we are digressing from the subject upon which wo proposed to write, and also verify- ing the old proverb, that when a woman begins to talk, she never knows when to stop. Economist. THE FARxMER'S PROFESSION. Princely patriarchs, prophets, kings, philoso- phers, the great of all ages, have honored agricul- ture with their particular regard. The pursuit is indeed laborious ; but labor is no longer an evil, except in its excess. The cheerful performance of labor by man, has freed it from its original curse. It is now a boon of heaven — the condition of unnumbered blessings. The farmer's calling is full of moral grandeur. He supports the world — is the partner of nature, and peculiarly ' a co-work- er with God.' The sun, the atmosphere, the dews, the rains, day and night, the seasons — all the nat- ural agents — are his ministers in the spacious tem- ple of the firmament. Health is the attendant of his labors. The philosophy of nature exercises and exalts the intellect of the intelligent farmer. His moral powers are ennobled by the manifesta- tions of supreme love and wisdom in every thing around him — in the genial air, the opening bud, the dalicate flower, the growing and the ripening fruit, the stately tree — in vegetable life and beauty springing out of death and decay — and in the won- derful succession and harmony of the seasons : " These as they change, Almighty Father ! these Are but the varied Ood. The rolling year Js lull of Thee." We are now beholding a. mighty moral revolu- tion. Hitherto, glory has been found in the de- struction rather than the preservation of man. The history of our race is a history of wars. An age of peace and philanthropy is arising upon us, in which renown will be sought in usefulness. Jus- tice will yet be fully done to the benefactors of mankind. Voung, and Watson, and Clinton, and Buel, and others, both of the dead and the living, who have laid society under enduring obligations, will receive their share of the public gratitude. How dim, how fleeting is the fame of the mere warrior, when contrasted with that of the philan- thropist. What wasting battles, what fields en- riched with carnage, what spoils of victory, or what splendid triumphs, could confer the lasting glory of De Witt Clinton! — Mdress of Jlnson S. Miller, Esq. hffore the Oiieida Co. (M Y.) Jlgricut. Society. Do not neglect to save the best and earliest ape- cimcns of your crops for next year's seed. 66 NEW ENGLAND FARMER From the Book of the Farm. DISEASKS OF THE POTATO. The potato i.-? subject to disease at a very early period of its existence, not merely after it has de- veloped its steins anil loaves, but before the germ has risen from the sots. The disease which affects the plant, is called the curl, from the curled or crumpled appearance which the leaves assume when under the influence of the disease. What the immediate cause of the disease is, it is diflicult to say ; but the puny stem and stinted leaves indi- cate weakness in the constitution of the plant, and, like weak animals affecteil with constitutional dis- ease, the small tubers [iroduced by curled potatoes, when planted, propagate the disease in the future crop. The curl is so well known by its appear- ance, and the curled plant so generally shunned as seed, that the disease is never willingly propaga- ted by the cultivator; still there are circumstances in the management of the tubers which induce the disease therein. The experiments of Mr T. Dickson show, that the disease arises from the vegetable powers of the sets planted having been exhausted by over- ripening, the sets from the waxy end of the potato produced healthy plants, whereas those from the best ripened end did not vegetate at all, or produc- ed curled plants. It is the opinion of Mr Crich- ton, "that the curl in the potato may often be oc- casioned by the way the potatoes are treated that are intended for seed. I have observed," he says, " wherever the seed-stock is carefully pitted and not exposed to the air, in the spring the crop has seldom any curl ; but where the seed stock is put into barns and outhouses for months together, such crop seldom fails of turning out in a great measure curled; and if but few curl the first year, if they are planted again, it is more than probable the half of them will curl next season." The other disease afTects the seeds or sets, and is called the failure or become abortive in the cultivated champaign of Britain, insomuch that not a single healthy plant of any sort cvf potato that yields berries, and which was in culture 20 years ago, can now be produced." Mr Shirrelf concludes, therefore, that the potato ia to be considered a ehort-livcd plant, and that though its health or vigor may be prolonged by rearing it in elevated or in shady situations, or by cropping the flowers, and thus preventing the plants from exhausting themselves, the only sure way to obtain vigorous plants and to ensure pro- ductive crops, is to have frequent recourse to new varieties raised from seed. The same view had occurred to Dr. Hunter. The fact ascertained by Mr Knight deserves to be noticed — that, by planting late in the season, perhaps in June, or even in July, an exhausted good variety may, in a great measure, be restored ; that is, the tuber resulting from the late planting, when again planted at the ordinary season, produ- ces the kind in its pristine vigor, and of its former size. It is obvious that all these opinions refer to the possibility of plants indicating constitutional weak- ness, and why may not the potato ? I have all along been of the opinion, that the failure has aris- en from this cause, nor does it seem to nie to be refuted by the fact, that certain varieties of potato have been cultivated for many years in the same locality without fail ; because it is well understood that every variety of potato has not indicated fail- ure, and one locality may be mnre favorable to re- tention of vigor of constitution than another ; at least we may easily believe this, and discrepancies in the case may arise, since we do not yet know the circumstances which must of necessity produce constitutional weakness. I have no doubt, in my own mind, that were seed potatoes securely pitted until they were about to be planted — not over-ripened before they were taken out of the ground — the sets cut from the crispest tubers and from the waxy end — the dung fermented by a turning of the heap in proper time, carried to the field, quickly spread, the sets as quickly dropped on it, and quickly covered — there would be little heard of the failure, even in the driest season, — at the same time, the precaution of obtaining seed from an elevated and late district, compared to that where the seed is to be planted, should not be neglected. I own it is difficult to prove the existence of constitutional weakness in any given tuber, as its existence is only implied by the fact of the failure ; but the hypothesis explains many more facts than any other — than atmospheric influence, for exam- ple, producing the failure, like epidemic diseases in animals, for such influences existed many years ago, as well as now. The longer the cultivation of the tuber of the potato (which is not its seed,) is persevered in, the more certainly may we expect to see its constitu- tional vigor weakened, in strict analogy to other plants propagated by similar means. This very season, 1843, contradicts the hypothe- sis of drought and heat as the primary causes of the failure, for it has hitherto (to June) been neith- er hot nor dry, [in Scotland,] while it strikingly exemplifies the theory of constitutional weakness as the cause of the failure, inasmuch as the fine season of 1812 had so much over-ripened the pota- to, (farmers permitting the potatoes intended for AUG. 30, 1S43. seed to become over-ripened, unaware of any inju. j ry resulting from it,) that the sets this sprinir, t( 1 repeat again the words of Mr Dickson, " did no vegetate at all," even in the absence of heat am j drought, and with the aid of moist weather. Hac : the potatoes been a little less over-ripened in 1842 , the sets from them might have produced only cur this season, though it is not improbable that thf same decree of over-ripening may cause entire fail ure now that would only have caused curl years ago ; and as over-ripening was excessive last year owing to the very fine weather, so the failure it extensive in a corresponding degree in this, even in circumstances considered by most people preven- tive of its recurrence, namely, cold and moist weather. And observe the results of both 184S and 1843, as confirmatory of the same principle illustrated by diametrically opposite circumstances, The ujit/er-ripencd seed of the bad season of 1841 produced the good crop of potatoes of 1842, in spite of the great heat and drought existinir at the time of its planting in 184.J ; while the otjer-ripeii- ed seed of the good season of 1842, has produced extensive failure, in spite of the coolness and moisture existing at the time of planting iu 1843. How can heat, drought, or fermenting dung ac- count for these results ? SILK CIRCULAR. To Silk Growers and Manufacturers in .Vtur England. At the first annual meeting of the New Engla-nd Silk Convention held at Northampton, Mass., Sept. 28, 1842, the subscribers were appointed a commit- tee to call the next meeting, at such time and place as they should judge best. Notice is there- fore given, that the second annual meeting of the convention will be held at Northampton, on Wed- nesday, Oct. 4th, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The object of the convention is to collect facts for publication, and to discuss questions connected with the silk business. A full attendance is ear- nestly requested. Every gentleman is desired to bring with him a brief written statement of his own experience each year, together with such re- marks and suggestions relating to any part of the silk business, as he may deem important. We hope especially for full statements respecting the manner and measure of ventilation in each case. Silk growers who cannot attend, are earnestly urged to forward such a statement by mail, to the chairman of the committee, or to D. Stebbins, Northampton, in season for the convention. To every person doing this, a copy of our report will be sent as soon as published. The committee are happy to know, that a JVa- lional Silk Convention is to be held in New York, Oct. I2th, during the I6th annual Fair of the Amer- ican Institute, and that the managers of the Insti- tute are using special efforts to secure a full exhi- bition of American silks and silk goods. It is fully believed that the two conventions will collect and spread before the public such an amount of well attested facts as efl^ectually to remove all lin. geriiig doubts in regard to the feasibility of the silk enterprize. Gentlemen, come to the conventions. At least, send us all the facts in your possession. I. R. 13ARU0UR, Oxford, Mass. ") A. KOBBINS, Bellows Falls, Vt. j D. W. DEXTER, Claremont, N. H. [ ^ L. SEVERANCE, Augusta, Me. { ^°"'- D. BENEDICT, Pawtucket, R. I. II. PITKIN, Manchester, Conn, j Editors who copy this will receive the report. vor,. xrmer for twenty years. Towards the expiralion of the lease, tho farmer coming one day to pay his r''nt, asked the gentleman whether he would sell his farm. " Why, will you buy it.-'" said the gentleman. "If you will part with it, and we can agree," replied the farmer. " That is exceedingly strange," said the gentleman. "Pray tell me how it happens that, while I could not live upon twice as much land, for which I paid no rent, you are regularly paying me a hundred pounds a year for rent, and arc able in a few years to purchase the farm ?" "The rea- son is plain," replied the farmer : " you sat still and said go — I got up and said come ; — you laid in bed and enjoyed your estate — I rose in the morn- ing and minded my business." — Eyiglish pap. Salting Horses. — A curious fact is mentioned in Parker's Treatise on Salt. " A person who feept sixteen farming horses, made the following experi- ment with seven of them which had been accus- tomed to eat salt with their food. Lumps of rock salt were laid in their mangers, and these lumps, previously weighed, were examined weekly, to as- certain what quantity had been consumed, and it was repeatedly found that whenever these horses were fed on hay and corn, they consumed only about 2 1-4 or 3 ounces per day ; but that when they were fed with new hay, they took six ounces per day." This should convinpo us of the expedi- ency of permitting our cattle the free use of salt at all times ; and it cannot be given in so conve- nient a form as rock salt, it being much more pal- atable than the other article in a refined state, and by far cheaper. A good lump should always be kept in a box by the side of the animal, without fear that it will be taken to excess. — Selected. Curious. — In excavating for a reservoir on the common this week, a live toad and several frogs were exhumed at a depth of several feet. They were imbedded in earth so solid that a pick in the hands of a stout man, would penetrate but an inch or two. On being thrown out, they discovered as much activity as toads and frogs in common. In complexion they assimilated very closely to the soil in the midst of which they were found. Such discoveries are not rare, and are well attested. The same animals have been found alive in trees under many years' growth, and even in the solid rock, with what must have taken nearly half a cen- tury to form, inclosing them. — Darre Gaz. Good. — It will be a happy day for tho church, when her cler;.'y and laity shall plant themselves firmly upon these four principles : That wealth can be lawfully and innocently gotten by labor. That in the choice of rulers, virtue and wisdom are to be preferred to party. That education is not a mere acquisition of knowledge, but includes moral and religious training. That the religion of Christ is not the fruit of excitement, but of scriptural in- structions, united with prayer and watchfulness. Such principles would, in these days, make her membera what the Scripture says all Christiana ought to be — " a peculiar people."— BwAo;? Elliot, of Georgia. 68 NEW ENGLAND FARMER AUG. 30, 1S13. II CULTIVATION OF THE STRAWBERRY. The cultivation of the strawbrrry, near a good market, is a pmlitable business, as this delicious fruit readily sells at a fair price. Wo have lately visited the farm and garden at the House of Indus- try, in South HostdU, belonging to the city of fios- ton, and under the superintendence of Capt. Dan- iel Chandler, who is ainoncr ijic best cultivators, in the various branches of anfriculture and horticul- ture, in the country. Anions; the various things that flourish remarkably well under his wise man- agement, we noticed particularly his method of cultivating the strawberry, as it was done with much economy as to labor and manure, and attend- ed with c.TCollent success. He prefers a good soil for this plant, of a sandy loam, rather moist, but not wet, though a wot soil will answer by throwing it up in ridges about three feet apart, with drains between the ridges of about two feet in width, which serve also as paths. These drains may be 8, 12, 15, or 20 inches deep, according to the wetness of tlie soil. A very dry Boil will not answer for this fruit, as it will some- times occasion a failure in a very dry time. The land should be made fine and mellow by a previous tilled crop, if it be not already so, and it should be made rich with compost, or line mellow manure before setting the plants. When Capt. Chandler has occasion to set new plantations, he attends to it immediately after the crop is taken off, but if this work be done in August or the first of September, if it be dry and warm, the new plants will give a good crop the next season, but the sooner this is done after the crop is off the better. He sets his new plantations in this way. The land being first properly prepared, trenches are made about four feet apart ; then plants are taken upon the shovel, with a large shovelful of soil in connection, and placed in the trenches. These rows of plants will soon throw out runners in ev- ery direction and cover the whole ground. The next spring, these old plants that have been set in the trenches, are turned in with a spade, and these places are used as walks till the crop comes off. Then the plants are turned in on each side the paths and the paths made loose and mellow, leav- ing a row of plants, a foot or more wide, in the centre, from which the space between will be sup- plied with new plants in the same manner as prac- ticed the previous year. In this way the land is used alternately for beds and for paths, and also the land made ricli and light by turning in the plants and roots, and the cultivation is mostly done without working among plants ; and the land is supplied with a new set of plants without any trouble in transplanting, and by this mode of cultivation, a very little manure is sufficient, after the soil is once well prepared. Before cold weather, a small dressing of light mel- low horse manure is put around the plants to pro- tect them in the winter, and this is worked into the soil in the spring. We believe that this is the best mode that can be practiced. Capt. Chandler has pursued it a number of years, and he thinks that by this mode of returning the plants to the soil, which is the best manure, it may be followed to advantage a long course of years, perhaps for ages. Tiiis sea- son was unfavorable to the strawberry, on account of the drought, yet he sold from about two and a half acres, GOO dollars worth, and he supposes the produce would have been about twice as large had the season been favorable. Capt. Chandler prefers the Early Virginia for a main crop ; next to this, the Wfjod. 'i'his last does the best of any kind in shady places. Hov- oy's is of an excellent quality, and a good bearer — a better bearer than any other large variety. He has not yet made many experiments with it, but ho has a very favorable opinion of it from the experi- ence he has had. He says that the Royal Scarlet is a shy bearer, and the quality not good ; and he does not think favorably of Keen's Seedling. — Bost. Cult. INOCULATING CHEESE. What will the ingenuity of man not contrive? A method has been discovered of inoculating cheese ; or, in other words, of transporting the character of an old cheese into a new one. The rather curious idea is brought forward in a communication to the Agricultural .lournal, by John Robinson, Esq., Sec- retary of the Royal Society of Edinburg. "If it be required," says he, "to conmiunicate to a cheese the flavor and appearance of an old one, it may be done by the insertion in the new cheese of propor- tions of the old one containing the blue mould. The little scoop which is used in samples ofcheese, is a ready means of performing the operation by changing ten or a dozen of rolls which it extracts, and placing them to disseminate the germ of the blue mould all over the cheese. " A new Stilton cheese treated in this way, and well covered up from the air a few weeks, be- comes thoroughly impregnated with the mould, and generally with a flavor not to be distinguished from the old one. I have sometimes treated half a Lancaster cheese in this way, have left the other half^n its natural state and have been much amus- ed with the remarks of our friends on the striking superiority of the English cheese over the Scutch one." If this ingenious plan be found really successful on repeated trials by others, Mr Robinson will de- serve our thanks for bringing it forward. The next invention we shall hear of will probably be that of inoculating legs of mutton and turning them into beef. — Maine Far. Soap for Killing Borers in Trees. — S. S. Green, Esq., of East Cambridge, has made an experiment with this article. He has in his garden a fine white asli tree, wliich was full of these worms, so fatal to our fruit and ornamental trees. He cov- ered every place on the tree which appeared to be wounded by them, with common hard soap, nicely rubbed into the places where the borer seemed to have entered. During the rains of this week, the soap dissolved and penetrated to the worms, and forced them out by scores, causing their death. We think this the best remedy yet discovered for destroying these nuisances to gardens and orcli- ards. — Olive Branch. Cnlbage Lice — The Southern Planter says that Mr J. C. Burton, of Henrico, has for several years been in the liabit of freeing his cabbages not only from lice but from the ravages of the yellow worm, by simply mashing a clod of dirt between his fin- gers, and sprinkling the dust over the cabbages, in the morning, before the dew has been evaporated. A letter from England in the N. Y. Com. Adv. s.iys the crops there are very deficient. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. Sahtrday, Aug. 19, 1843. There was a very good display of fruits iipo the tables of the Society this morning, contribute by the following gentlemen : E. Vose, Esq., Dorchester, exhibited very choic Apples, var. William's Favorite, Red Juneatinc and Early Bough. From the President of the Society, very fin specimens of the Washington and Vellow Gag Plums; also. Jargonelle Pears. [Jargonelle o the French catalogues.] Mr Lovett, of Beverly, presented the followin; Apples: Early Dutch, very handsome; Earl Bough, Red Astracan, and Early Harvest. The; were all very beautiful specimens, and were credit to the tables as well as to the cultivator. From Mrs. Thomas Lewi.s, of Roxbiiry, ver fine Apricots, open culture. From Mr .Mien, of Salem, beautiful Peaches var. Royal George. From Mr S. Pond, of Caiubridgeport, fine Ital ian Damask Plums. From Mr O. Johnson, of Lynn, the Fothering ham Plum, very superior specimens. This plun gives promise of being a valuable variety. Also very large and beautiful Red Astracan and Earlj Bough Apples. By Ml J. A. Kenrick, of Newton, the River am William's Apples, and the Royal de Tours Plum All good. By Joseph Balch, Esq., the Skinless Pear. This pear needs only to be better known. Though small, yet early — a good bearer, and of sprightly flavor. By Mr Z. Hosmer, Red Astracan (?) Apple. By Mr G. O. Farmer, of Roxbury, very fine Pur- ple Gage Plums. By Mr A. D. Williams, of Roxbury, the Early Bough and William's Favorite Apples. The lat- ter were truly beautiful specimens. From Mrs. Bigelow, of Medford, the Early Ann Peach — open cuiture, very good. From Mr C. Newhall, of Dorchester, a Pe.ir, un- named. From W. Thomas, of Boston, very fine Apricots, and the Washington and Italian Damask Plum. Very showy and pretty Apples were exhibited by Mr J. F. Trull. From S. Walker, Esq., Roxbury, Pears, viz: Sugar-tops, very good; Green Chissel and Franc- real, also good ; the Gravenstcin, Grave Slije, (what a name!) and the Sabine Apple. From the Pumological Gardens, Salem ; Wood- man's Harvest and William's Favorite Apple; Cit- ron do Siereuz and Early Roussellette I'ear, and the Early Orleans Plum, (VVilmot's new.) From Warren's Garden, Brighton, specimens of River Apples, Sugar Top Pears, and Seedling Franconia Raspberries. It is very gratifying to those who take an into- re.st in the weekly exhibitions of the Society, to notice from time to time, new contributors of the various products of Pomona and Flora ; and as the Society's rooms are open to all who are disposed to contribute, it is iioped that all who take an in- terest in Horticulture, will, in future, as they have specimens, place them upon the tables of llie Soci- ety for exhibition, always remembering that the very best specimens reflect liie most credit upon the producer. For the Committee, JAS. L. L. F. WARREN. L. SXII. N.>. 9. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 69 From the Boston Cultivator. FOR THE DYSPEPSrA. Mr EilUor — I s(?nd you the following recipe for cure of a weak and debililateil stomacli, or at is now fashionably known as the dyspepsia. 5uld you think it of any consoquence, you can ert it in your valuable paper. r»ke a tumbler of new tnilU, the yolk of a new 1 e^jT, well beaten up, a. teaspoonfnl of gintjer, 1 ditto of clean, unadulterated potato starch, up- which boiling water lias previously been poured, as to cause it to thicken, and two icaspoonsfull iugar. Mix the whole well together, rhis may be taken at meal time, with some ad, or otherwise, as may best agree with the dition of the stomach. riic above preparation, accompanied with tem- ance in eating and drinking, though it may not liii a place in the materia medica, will prove :h more cfllcacious than a thousand of the usual scriptions of [diysicians and apothecaries, nstcad of the ginger, a teaspoonful of white, rckftn mustard seed may be used, which, per- s, in a very languid state of the stomoch, would as well. Yours, with esteem, A. S. GRENVILLE. lamhridgeport, July 7, 1843. MANUFACTORY OF SEWING SILK. ,Iessrs. W. VV. B. Lindley & Co., at South VVo- n, Mass, manufacture sewing silk ol a superior lity, which is remarkable for its evenness and ngth. They use the best material, make as- ,ed sizes, and all the variety of colors that is irable. They prefer American silk, and pay 25 per pound for raw reeled silk of a good lity. They use about 35 pounds per day of raw material. They sell to one firm in this ', 500 dollars worth of sewing silk, iilk manufactories will encourage the raising :ilk, as they make a ready market at home for raw material. Already the manufacture of e.xceeds its production here, and this should ourage the silk growers to go on and supply demand which is constantly increasing Ibid. i Aeu) Churn. — It having been found by e.\pe- ent, that the greatest quantity of the finest lity of butter is fibtained from cream at a mean iperature of 55'' Fahrenneit, Mr David Ritchie, 3dinburgh, has made a churn which seems well culatcd to accomplish the object of keeping the iperature of the cream at the desired point. It isists of one cylinder placed concentric within 'tlier, so llint ivaler, cither cold or hot, aa the e may requira, may be put into the outer cylin- . — Amer. Far. Remedy for the Bols. — The Southern Cultivator 8, tliat strong tea made of common garden sage, in effectual remedy for the bots. A branch of e chopped into the feed of horses once a week, I prevent the bots altogether Cenlral .V. Y. inothtr Remedy. — A strong decoction of tansey — bruise and press out the juice, and drench h a quart at a time. — lb. rho whole life of the hypocrite is a protracted iehood. .iji-ji ^aii) ^lihdiaiiuq | THINGS THAT DO NOT LOOK WELL. It dops not look well to let the garden grow up to weeds, and then say that a garden is good for nothing. It does not look well to have a gato witliout hinges, held up in the gateway by a prop in a " slantindicular" position, leaving at the bottom an aperture through which some hog with a conve- nient snout, can get through into the garden or field. It does not look well for a man to thump and abuse his horse or oxen, just to try his whip ; or to suffer his boys to do so. It does not look well to keep the horse in a sta- ble not cleaned, till his hind feet are 45 degree.s higher than his fore feet, so that he is obliged to rear up to get himself on a level every time he wishes to swallow a little hay or oats. It does not look well to have the women hang out the clothes on rough and thorny bushes, and tear them in getting them off, when a neat line would save that trouble. It docs not look well for a man to keep two or three hungry dogs, when he can liardly keep a cow or pig ; and for no purpose but to worry the neighbors' cattle and annoy the neighborhood with continual barking. It docs not look well for farmers' daughters to be drumming at a piano, while they do not know of what butter is made, and pretend to suppose a cow is a rhinoceros. It does not look well for any body's daughters to walk the streets in kid slippers in December, and lace themselves so cruelly that their voices waste away, and their cheeks turn to the color of moonlight. — Prairie Far. Prom the Mass. Ploughman. PEAT MEADOWS AND PEAT MANURE. Mr Editor — This is a subject that I feel very much interested in : I love my own dear New Eng- land, and want to see every foot of land brought into the highest state of cultivation. I consider peat meadows the most valuable lands in the world. I have for many years had a high opinion of them, but since reading Dr. Dana's Muck Manual, and having seen some e.vperimonts made on his theory, it has been increased very much. My son plowed up an acre of pasture land last spring, two or three inches deeper than it ever was plowed before. After plowing, there was nothing to be seen but the yellow loam ; it was then covered over with peat mud which was dug out the fall before, and mi.xod with ashes according to Dr. Dana's prescription — say si.xteen bushels to a cord of peal mud. The corn planted on this looks aa well as any I have seen this season. A part of it is on a dry gravelly knoll ; notwithstand- ing this it has not suffered by the drought. There are a \'e\v rows by the side of this that were ma- nured very highly with manure from the stable, that are not more than two-thirds as large. Another experiment was on a piece of rye which was sowed on a poor piece of land, dressed with muck, and was intended for the purpose of turning in as a green crop ; but it took so well that it was left to ripen. I helped to reap it a few days since, and a heavier piece of rye I never put a sickle into. I will mention one more experiment. I set out .^Jiniotv VIM) ni H'^li'JI'Sq an orchard for my ;,son last spring, of apple and peach trees. Some part of the land was very dry and gravelly ; the holes were du" deep, and the best of the soil mixed with peat mud, and the trees have not needed watering but \\r.\c grown as well as though they had remained in the nursery. They have made from one to two feet of wood. By the way, 1 washed them u few days since with strong lye. It turned them dark colored at fir.'^t, and some gentlemen were looking at them soon after ihey were done, and thought the lye was too strong ; but the trees are now coming up to a beau- tiful color, and I can assure any one that they need not be afraid to wash their trees with it, for I have tried it for forty years, and have never seen any bad effect, but on the contrary have always found it a benefit. But to roturn. If we can turn peat mud into manure which is as good as that which drops from the cow, and Dr Dana says we can by adding ashes, potash, or white ash, almost all our farmers have the manure on hand to make their lands aa rich as they wish, and instecd of appropriating ten acres to pasturing a cow, which many of them do, one acre will keep a cow the year round. And when they are getting out of this manure, they can drain their meadows and convert these unsightly receptacles for mud-tortoises, snakes, and filthy vermin, into the most beautiful and fertile fields. Yours, with respect, BENJ. WHEELER. Framingham, July 24, iSi'S. Reclaimed Meadoics. — The productive quality of reclaimed meadows, with proper management, is very durable. We saw, a short time ago, a mead- ow on which there was a fine crop of grass. It had been reclaimed ever since the commencement of the revolutionary war, and 5 had produced good crops ever since, with a top.fdres6ing occasionally. The owner was then engaged in ditching, and when he heard the news of the first battle, he left ditching for the defence of his country, declaring that he would dig no more til! he knew who would own the soil. — East. Cult. Lightning. — Prof. Olmstead has kept an account of the number of deaths by steam and lightning re- spectively, which have been reported in the news- papers during the last year. The result shows that more lives are destroyed by lightning than by accidents arising from the use of steam JVew Ha- ven Herald. Poisoned. — We are informed, (.'■ays the Dover piper,) that Mr Samuel Clark, of Parkman, Me., was seriously poisoned on the 21st ult. , by the use of Blue Flag Root in syrup. His life was despair- ed of by himself and friends, for fortyeight hours. The N. II. Argus talks about a " spear" of grass measuring "six feet twelve inches and a half." It reminds us of a certain deacon's answer to "what's the time ?"' after he had for the first time mounted a new watch. "It wants," said he, "sixtythree minutes of half past seven 1" — Barrt Oaz. <>■' I'^d) Potatoes. — A bronze statue is to bo erected in France to the philosopher Parmenlier, who intro- duced the culture of the potato into that country. Every Irishman is a living monument, built of the self-samo article — (not bronze but potatoes.) — Ibid. 70 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, ArG. 30, im ANn HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Boston, Wednesdat, Augdst 30, 1843. THE PROPER TIME FOR CUTTING ENGLISH GRASS. " In this vicinity, Ihc general rule is to cut English grass when handsomely in tlie blossom. Not so over the monntain. Apparently, last week not h If of the heavy English grass was cut, though to us it would ap- pear to be sufl'ering, the stalk yellow, and half the heads ripe. We hope some of our agricultural editors will give us an essay on the advantages of such late cutting, in preference to earlier. There is more heart, they say, and it is secured with less labor. Our impression is thai it is better for working horses and oxen, but unprofita- ble for milch cows." — A'ew Uampsliire Sentinel uf .iu- gust IG. We do not intend to give that " essay," friend Pren- tiss, but we will just say that when " the proper time for cutting grass" was made the subject for discussion et the State House, two or three years since, we found that practical farmers differed widely. The prevailing opinion, was in favor of cutting in the blossom. But some, and they were men of gray hairs, and of good agricultural reputation, maintained that horses especially, and cattle for the most part, liked herdsgrass belter and derived more benefit from it, if cut when fully ripe. Chemistry makes it more nutritive when ripe. But we care little for that. Wo want to know what amount of nutriment an animal's stomach viiU extract froin it — not how much it contains. We presume — for it is only a mat- ter of opinion — that there is more nourishment obtained by the animal from an acre of herdsgrass, that has ri- pened but not shed its seed, than would have been ob- tained had it been cut in the blsssom. But we presume too, that the r/pe is generally less palatable, and that our cattle by consuming it Ipss freely, fail to keep in as good condition, as they will upon that which is cut younger. Especially is this the case where we feed partly upon grain. In this vicinity, where we are giving our work- incT animals, meal or oats, hay that is cut in the blossom is preferred. But where no grain is given, we are not ready to say that the seed of ripe herdsgrass is not a ffcr?/ 5er?5icaZ'/e accompaniment of the stock and leaves. The stock and leaf are less when cut young — but at that time there is no grain or seed. 1/ you use meal or oats in connection with hay cut young, you furnish as we judge, the best feed — but if you do not mean to furnish anything hut hay, that hay may be best which contains the most grain, or has upon it the most ripened seed. To make cattle do well, however, upon such hay, we suppose it necessary that they shall be kept generally from forming a taste for that which is cut younger; otherwise they will not fill themselves. One remark which we have heard from many sources, may have some bearing upon this point. Our Massa- chusetts horses when journeying in Vermont, seldom relish the hay that is given to them. This is perhaps caused by the fact that the grass stood longer before it was cut than it is allowed to in Massachusetts. Our inference fruii the little that we know and think npon the subject, is, that if we were not able to furnish our stock with grain, we should prefer to feed upon hay that contained ripened seed ; and that if we could fur- nish grain, we should choose to use in connection with that hay that was cut in blossom. That hay is more hearty, and that it is cured at less expense when not cut until it is ripe, we suppose must be admitted. But it is less palatable — and the ground furnishes less after-growth. Either may be best accoril- ing to the farmer's circumstances. EARLY SEEDLING POTATO. Mr Worcester, of Bridgewater, sent us, last week, a few potatoes, which, though they had been dug and ei- posed to the air for five or six days before they were cooked, proved very good. Mr. W. describes them as a seedling, which he calls "Prime." From the same gentleman, last autumn, we received two other varieties of seedling potatoes, which were good, and some of which we planted. The three varie- ties are quite similar in form and color, being all of them tiatish and white, of medium size. When cooked, they are all mealy and well flavored. We do not question their being distinct varieties, though the potatoes are so much alike, that if all were thrown into one basket, it would require a better eye than ours to separate them. We make this remark for the purpose of inducing Mr W., if he shall bring his seedlings to public notice, to describe the distinctive marks of each. We believe, from what he has sent us, that he has originated some good varieties, so far as looks and quality go, and shall bo glad to learn all that we can about them. CANKER WORMS— AN INQUIRY. Is it true, as we have been told from two or three dif- ferent sources, that when apple trees that have been badly eaten by canker worms for years, re-commence bearing, that they bear larger and fairer fruit than be- fore, and larger and fairer than other trees in the neigh- borhood, of the same variety, that escaped the gnawings of the worms? We should not have expected such a result — for we supposed that the efToit required to pro- duce a new set of foliage, would be quite as exhausting as the bearing of fruit. Cotes Drying up Suddenly. — We have heard of seve- ral instances recently, of cows which were giving a good quantity of milk, suddenly drying up. In one in- stance— that of Mr Chamberlin, of the firm of J. Breck & Co., — the giving the cow an ounce of saltpetre in a quart of meal, brought a return of the milk in a very short time. Weeds. — These noxious intruders will keep you busy. They have been growing while the rains have been pouring down, and are now most luxuiient. Wage war upon them^do not let them go to eeed, and thus make you work for future years. " Economy of Farming" — a new work, from the Ger- man of Prof. Burger — by E. G. Smith. Crocker & Brewster, Boston : Price 50 cts. — We have read only the title page — but the source from which the book comes, leads us to anticipate that it will be well worth reading. Diseases of the Potato. — The article on another page from the " Book of the Farm," (a Scottish publication,) discloses some new facts and well supported theories concerning the diseases of the potato, which merit the attention of our farmers. Wounds on Horses — Take one quarter of a pound of saltpetre, half a pint of vinegar, half a pint of spirits of turpentine — put ihem together in a bottle, and shake up before using. Apply to the wound with a feather three times a day. — Central Aeto York Far. Plums and Peaches. — Tho abundant rains of the last two weeks, have cr,icked or rotted most of tho larger plums and some of the earlier peaches in this vicinity. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. Saturday, Mg. 26, 184! In consequence of the long continued rains and cl ed sun, this part of the exhibition was not large: t were, however, some very good things shown. From Messrs. Ilovey & Co., Bouquets of Rosea. From Messrs. Breck & Co., good Asters. From S. R. Johnson, good Balsams and Verbenas Bouquets from Messrs. W. Kenrick, S. Walker, . Howard, J. L. L. F. Warren, W. Wales, Dorcheste From Edward Winslow, Rcjxbury, Dahlias, Bals and Asters. From S. A. Walker, Brookline, Bouquets, Asters Dahlias — among the latter a good bloom of I)c Prince of Wales, which variety bids fair to rival all er yellows. From J. Hovey, Roxbury, Bouquets, Phlox Di mondii, Verbenas, &c. From VVm. E. Carter, Cambridge, Bouquets, Hibi: Lobelias, and one small plant of Achimenes longil very fine, neat and rare. For the Committee, P. BARNE EXHIBITION OF FRCIT3. The display of fruits today was very fair, allhi not so large as might be expected at this season of year. The Summer apples were larger, and inch more varieties than any previous day this sum Many of the specimens, particularly the Williams' pie, were beautiful. The late rains have iiijurec plums very much, causing them to crack and decay, the specimens were confined to a very few varif The Washingtonian, by .Mr Lovett, and the Fothci ham, by Mr O. Johnson, weie very fine. Mr J. Bartlett, of Quincy, exhibited a hoi of s Plums, of fine flavor, almost equal to the Green ii which he thinks is a seedling, but sf this ther* doubts, as they in every way resemble the Drap ( From the Pomological Garden, Salem ; Devoni Quarrenden, and Corse's Seedling Sweeting Ap Rostiezer and Passe Long Bras Penrs — the latter i From J. Lovett, Washington Plums, Early D' Apples, and a fine large Canteloupe Melon. From Geo. O. Farmer, Roxbury ; a basket of Gra« From John Hovey, White Gage Plums, and Ye.l Siberian Crab Apples. From L. P. Grosvenor, the following varieties of pies — Benoni, Garden Sweet, Hill-top, Mexico, E Bough, River, and Williams's Favorite — the latter perb. Also, Jargonelle and Catherine Pears. From E. Wight, Benoni Apples, very good. From S. R. Johnson, Washington Plums, large. From S. Walker, a large basket of Washington Pli and Summer Franc Real Pears. From S. Pond, Washington Plums, good. From E. Brndshaw, Cliarlestown, a basket of ' large and handsome Apricots. From J. T. Buckingham, Champagne Pale Red ( rants. From Hovey & Co., a bran'ch with ripe and gr fruit of the Ohio Everbearing Raspberry. From John Welles, Boston, fine Apricots. From A. D. Williams, Roxbury, splendid spociii of Williams's Favorite Apples. From Otis Johnson, Fotheringham Plums; Sum Franc Real, Julienne and English Catherine Pears, very large Early Bough Apples. From P. P. Spalding, Lowell, Spalding's Early S( ling Apple, a red fruit of good size and appearance. For the Committee, P. B. HOVEY, Ji Woman — Without woman, man would be rude, g and solitary. Woman spreads around him tho flow of existence, aa the creepers of the forest decorate trunks of sturdy oaks with their perfumed garlai The Christian pair live and die united ; together tl rear the fruits of iheir union ; in tho dust they lie ( by side ; and they are re-united beyond the limits of tomb. — Chauttbriand. Enterprise. — The svise and aciive conquer difTicul by daring to attempt them. Sloth and folly shiver : shrink at the sight of toil and hazard, and make the possibility they fear. L. XXII, NO. 9 AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 71 MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ; an a Ijourncd meeting of the Committee of Arrange- ts for the Annual Rxhibition, linliien this clay, the follow- iuliCommiitces were chosen, viz: ) Receive Delesjates, Samuel Walker, J. E. Tesclie- icr, and E. Wight. ) Pioviile Dinner, Capt. Macondray,D. Haggerston, and iV. Uulton. > Receive and Keep a Record of the Frliits, P. B. ey, E. M. Richards, O. Johnson, J. Lovett 2d, S. Pond, Uapt. Alacondray. ) Receive and Keep a Record of Flowers, C. M. Hovey, . Teschemacher, J. Hreck, S. A. Johnson, H. W. Dul- and R. M. Copcland. ) Receive and Keep a Record of Vegetaldcs, John A. ■ick, U. K. Kinjjsbury, J. L. L. F. Warren, and J. at, 2d. 1 Report the Doings of the Society at the Exhibition, uel Walker and ii. W. Dutton. ig. 26. JOSEPH ERECK, Secretary. THERMOMETRICAL. Reported for llie New England Farmer, nje of the rjierniometer at the Gardenof the proprietors ! New England Farmer, Brighton, M.as9. in a shaded 'ierlye«poiobolink spies one of his comrades half buried in the tall grass, and soaring abovo him, he vocife- rates: "Winter seeble, winter seeble, conquedlc, conijuedlc, hid in the clover, come pay me, come pay me, you 've owed mo seven-and-sixpence more than two weeks, and now you mean to cheat me I" Upon hearing this, conquedle rises up with quiver- [Ijig wing from his hiding place, and cries ojjt with exulting voice, as he poises himself in the air: " Wadolink, wadolink, whiskodink, whiskodink, dance a single jig, I 've nothing for you — watchec, watchee, say another word to nio, and you may •'whistle for it all your life-time !"'il' i'^ ir/. Not only the wild birds, but our domestic poul- try are occasionally hoard to mike some very sig- nificant remarks. It is a remarkable fact, that the common ducks invariably call out, " Qiiark, quack, quack !" whenever a doctor's sulky passes by their Hock. But the most extraordinary of all speeches of the feathered tribe, is that of chanticleer, which may be regarded as deciding a controversy that has long been waged in the civilized community. Old chanticleer awakes in the morning, flaps his wings, and vociferates at the top of his voice, " Jl'omen rule h-e-r-e .'" Immediately from a neigh- boring roost, another answers, " So they do h-er-t .'" This is no sooner uttered, than a third responds at u considerable distance, "So they do every wh-e-r-e .'" I will conclude with that interesting little bird, that seems like some benighted wanderer, flying from tree to tree, and crying, " Pee-awce, pee-a- wee" in such a plaintive manner as to attract you more than the sweetest warbling. Sometimes he seems to be actually imploring your sympathy, and endeavoring to relate to you his grievous misfor- tune.— Sears' Family Mag. Impudence. — An impatient creditor for principal and interest, received this reply to a dun : " Dear Sir — In answer to your obliging favor, I must take the liberty to inform you, that at present it is not my interest to pay the principal, neither is it my principle to pay the interest. I am, dear sir, &c." Stone buildings and glass introduced into Eng- land, A. D. 674. Pleadings in courts of judicature introduced A. D. 788. Paper of cotton rags invented towards the close of the 10th century. Paper made of linen in 1300. The dfgree of Doctor first conferred in Europe in Bengola, in 1130 ; in England 1209. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.' Grcil improvements hare heen made the past vear in form and workmanship o( these Ploughs; the mould l.c has hcen so formed as to lay the furrnw completely o. tumina- in every particle of g^ass or stiMle, andieav'iv^ p;rouvd in the best possible niavncr. The length of mnuklhoard has be a very much increased, so that Plough \yorks with the greatest ease, hmh with respect the holding and the team. The Committee at the late li of Ploughs at Woreester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of thePlnu! we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps saj the inquirer, if your land is mostly light anil easy to wi try Prouty & Mears, hut if your land is heavy, hard orroc BEGIN WITH Mh. HoWABD's." At the above mentioned [rial the Howard Plough more work, vith the same power of team, than ami ol plough exhibited. No other turned more than tweniyse and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while Howard Plough turned tjcenti/nine and one^half indies the same power of team .' All acknowledge that Howai Ploughs are much the strongest and most subslanti; made. There has heen quite an improvement made on the si or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed with having to furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise sect; the mould lioaid and landside together, and strengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to $15. A Ploii sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost ab SiO 511, and with cutter St, with wheel and cutter, S2 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retr.il the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Sti Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSKPH BRECK & CO SELF-GOVERMING CHEESE PRESSES-two kinds — lately improved by the Shakers. These are so construct- ed that they govern and regulate themselves without weights, and are by far the best presses now in use. For sale at the N. E. Agricultural Warehouse, 61 and 62 North Market street. JOS. BRECK & CO. June 7, 1843. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROI.LERS. Grindstones of diiferent sizes, hung on friction rollers i moved with a toot treader, is found to be a great iinpro ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hi in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wliere used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be alia ed to stones hung in the cnninion way. For sail by BRECK & Co., No. 61 North Market street. L.ACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for test the quality of milk. For sale hy J. BRECK & CO NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $'2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not | within sixty days. N. B. — Poetmastora arc permitted by law to frank subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, witf expense to subscribers. TltTTl-E AND DENNETT, PRlNTERSi 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK &; CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoricoltoral WAEBHOuaE.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. b. XMI.l BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1843. — \ [KO. 10. N. E. FARMER, EIN A. KENRFCK'S NURSERY, NEWTON. Lf«st week we took a hurrieJ walk over parts of Kenrick's grounds. First, we saw liis poach es — llio;isnmls of them — covering some eig-ht or npres of lanJ. The older trees, covering two three acres, have upon them considerable fruit, kingf well, orenerally — thotifjh on some trees it s ruttin;^ badly. The greater part of his peach hird has been planted out within the last jear. two or three years from this time, when these es shall generally have come into bearing', they I form a more extensive peach orchard tlian wu 'e ever seen in Alassachuselts. The trees here generally arc in good health and orous, though here and there one is afflicted h the yellows — a fatal, and it is said a conta- us, disease. One indication of its approacli, K. says, is the ripening of the fruit on one side :he tree before the other. From the peach fields we went to the plum ■d, which is also a poultry yard. Hero wc md the trees loaded with fair and excellent it. Here, as elsewhere, the weather has caused ny of the plums to rot, but there was as much od fruit here as in any place of equal eize that have seen. Lnrjer plums can be shown by lers than by Mr Kenrick, for his hang too thick on the trees to attain great size. The only ma- re given to this yard for some time, besides what ; hens drop, has been a single bucket of salt ley, soapboilers' spent ley, to a tree. The trees ind about six feet apart. Bolmar's Washington, ince's Imperial, and Duane's Purple, are con- icuons among the varieties in this yard. From the plum trees we went to the nursery. 3re we found apples, pears, quinces, plums, cher- !S, peaches, and various ornamental trees — a lod assortment — the trees in a healthy and good ndition. We did not ask how many trees there ere in the nursery, but we will gitess there were 'enty thousand. Wc had no time to call at Mr Wm. Kenrick's ore extensive grounds, adjoining his brother's, ''e are informed that he set seventy thousand ap- e trees, last spring, and he has all other kinds in eat numbers. We shall seek an opportunity to spect his grounds, and make them something ore than a Hying visit, and also the extensive nur- •ries of the ftlcssra. Winship, at Brighton. As we went over or passed the grounds of these 7o brothers we thought they would find it more •ofitable to cultivate loss groundf and keep it in higher state of cultivation. Thus they would ive to their trees more vigorous growth, and make lem more saleable with those who are influenced 1 their selection only by the vigor of growth and le smoothness of the bark — and they are many : lougli the trees are made to grow quite fast aough for the good of all purchastrs who must !t them in grounds that ore not in a high state of iltivation. Indeed, for most situations, they will 3 quite as good as though their growth had been lore rapid. S. POND'S NURSERY, CAMBRIDGEPORT. | Hero we saw the fairest and most vigorous growth of young pear, plum and cherry trees, that m have ever seen. On his bearing trees the fruit is very fine. The yellow and green plums here too have rotted badly this year. But the purple ones generally escape. On seven or eight acres, Mr Pond has about 30 thousand budded and en- grafted trees, all of them making a most vigorous growth, with smooth and clean bark, and present- ing, as a whole, the finest sight of thu kind that we have ever seen. This nursery is upon land where the tide occa- sionally flowed years ago, and it is a deep, rich soil. How far the nature of the soil and its for- mer washings with salt waler,give to Mr P.'s trees their peculiar vigor and beauty, w'e are unable to judge. Probably the soil is peculiarly favorable to the plum, ' and Mr Pond probably has great skill as a grower of trees. Our inspection of these trees was cut short by a pouring shower. We hope to be able to com- plete it at some future time. — Ed. N. E. F. AGRICULTURAL BOOK ROOMS, 124 Washington Street. The following prospectus by Arthur D. Phelps, of this city, shows that we are about to be favored with an Agricultural Honk Store. Mr Phelps, for- merly employed in I\ir Hunt's bookstore, in North- ampton, and more recently in that of Messrs. Lit- tle &. Co., of this city, we have had the pleasure of knowing personally for years. We have full confidence in his character and in his fitness to do well the work he is undertaking. VVe wish him success, and ask for him the attention and aid of our Agricultural and Horticultural friends. — Ed. European Agricultdral and Horticdltural Tour a.nd Sdrvet. Mr Henry Colnian is now in Europe, on a tour of agricultural observation and inquiry. It is pro- posed to publish the results of his observations in successive numbers after the form of his reports on the Agriculture of Massachusetts. The work will embrace not only a detailed view of the husbandry of England, Scotland and Ireland, but likewise of French, Flemish, Swiss, Ge.-man and Italian husbandry, and especially of the Labor Schools and Experimental Farms. Terms and Conditions. — The first number is ex- pected to appear by the first of January, 1844, and sooner if practicable. The rest of the numbers will follow in convenient succession at intervals of two or three months. The whole work will be comprised in ten num- bers, of at least ICO pages each, elegantly execu- ted, in an octavo form, stitched and covered, and embellished with necessary and useful drawings and engravings, title page and index. As the enterprise involves of necessity a large expense, it is expected that two dollars per copy will be paid on subscribing ; or otherwise, on the delivery of the first number, and three dollars on the delivery of the fifth number. The work will be forwarded to subscribers by mail, excepting the first and fifth numbers, which will be delivered by the agent collecting the sub- scriptions. Mr Colman has the honor of acknowledging the most liberal encouragement to his project on the part of the agricultural public. Upwards of two thousand of the leading agriculturists and public spirited individuals of other professions, in New England ond the Middle States, have already given him their patronage. The names of subscribers will be affixed to the work. Messrs. Saxton & Miles, are agents for the work in the city of New York. All orders for the work may be addressed (post paid,; to the undersigned, who has been duly ap- pointed by Mr Colman, publisher of the above work, of whom, at his Agricultural Book Rooms, No. 124 Washington street, Boston, may be obtain- ed all the various Agricultural and Horticultural publications of the day, both of this country and Europe. The best foreign Agricultural and Horticultural publications will be procured and sent out by Mr Colman during his stay in Europe, and samples of the European periodicals may be seen on applica- tion Dt the rooms. It is designed to supply the best publications both periodical and standard works, at these rooni!>, and upon the most reasonable terms. All books, likewise on geology, chemistry, and other branches of natural science, will be promptly furnished. As the books will be supplied at the lowest commis- sion, the terms must in all cases be cash on deliv- ery. All communications for Mr Colman forwarded to this office, free of expense, will be promptly transmitted to him. N. B. — Postmasters are authorized by law to order works and transmit money to publishers free of expense to subscribers. ARTHUR D. PHELPS. August, 1843. Honesty. — That " honesty is the best policy," was illustrated some years since under the follow- ing circumstances, related by the Rochester Demo- crat. A lad was proceeding to an uncle's to peti- tion him for aid for his sick mother and her children, when he found a wallet containing fifty dollars. The aid was refused, and the distressed family was pinched with want. The boy revealed his fortune to his mother, but expressed a doubt about using any portion of the money. His mother con- firmed his good resolution — the pocket book was advertised, and the owner found. Being a man of wealth, and uniting with that a generous heart, upon learning the condition of the family, he pre- sented the fifty dollars to the sick mother, and took the boy into his service, and he is now one of the most successful merchants in the State of Ohio. Honesty always brings its reward — to the mind, if Dot to the pocket. 74 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, SEPT. 6, 1843 IMPROVEMENT OF DOMESTIC STOCK. Few ihiugs are nf more importance to the agri- cultural interest of a country, than llieir domestic animalg ; and any decided improvement in the breeds, forms a solid addition to the productive wealth of a nation. For instance, any change in tlie character of our cattle, whicli, by addini.' to their weight, aptitude to Iced, early muturily, &c., sliould give a gain of twenty per cent, on their val- ue, would increase the worth of this item alone about fifty millions of dollars. That such an im- provement might be made on the common stock of this country, there are few intelligent men that at the present time will doubt. Facts and experience ere most conclusive on this point, and what is true of rattle, will also hold true of all other varieties of domestic animals. But while most will readily admit the necessity and practicability of improvement, there are some differences of opinion among practical and well informed men as to the best methods of effecting it. Some contend (hat the only rational prospect of improvement is to be found in introducing for- eign stock, and breeding from these, to the cxclu- elon of all native animals. There are others who maintain as strenuously that there is no necessity whatever for any introduction of foreign blood ; that we have among ourselves and in our own Lerds, all that is necessary to produce as perfect animals as any of the improved breeds of Europe. Others assert that the truth lies midway between these extreme opinions ; that the true course is to import valuable animals, if they can be obtained, from abroad, and breed them to our most valuable and choice stock, taking care to select such as are the best adapted to produce any given result or quality. We shall examine these opinions in their order. Careful and skillful breeding lies at the founda- tion of all improvement in stock, and this is mainly effected by judicious selections. Color, form quality and disposition, are all under the control of the breeder. He can equalize and harmonize the whole, or he can develope one point at the expense of the others. It is rare, indeed, perhaps never, that any single point is found in its highest degree of excellence, except at the expense of some other quality. Thus the taking on flesh rapidly, is in- compatible, from the very nature of the case, with a copious secretion of milk ; and the deepest and best milkers of the herd, may usually be set down as the most raw-boned, nut to say worst looking, of the whole. The reason of this is obvious: the quantity of nutritive matter taken in the food is of necessity limited, and it is impossible for it to per- form two offices, or rather be in two places at once. It cannot go to the formation of flesh and fat, and yet be secreted in the form of milk, 'i'he term best, then, as usually applied, may admit of a differe.it meaning. The best animal for the gra- zier and butcher, is not necessarily the best for the dairyman ; although there are few deep milkers that will not, when the secretion of tnilk is suspend- ed, take on fle.sh rapidly — a fact which shows the incompatibility of the two. The best animal, or the one which it should be the object of the breed- er to produce, is the one that combines the most valuable qualities, and it is in this sense that the term should be always understood. The number of those who insist that we are to look to England and to the produce of importations from that country alone, for the improvement of our stock, is of course limited. There is some- thing absurd in the idea of replacing tlie ten mil- lions of our native cattle by imported ones, or their progeny, in any reasonable term of years. Be- sides, had we the means to make the importation, they had not the animals for us. 'J he second position, viz : that we have in our present native herds all the materials necessary fur improvement, and that a resort to foreign improved breeds is unnecessary, is far more plausible, and has a much greater number of supporters tl^an the one wo have just considered. It is argued, and truly, that all the improved breeds are made up of breeds ; tliat it is idle to seek for what may be called an original breed ; that the varieties of do- mestic cattle are depending on climate, crosses, or perhaps in some instances on accidental circum- stances; that the improved cattle of England have been bred almost within the memory of man, from old varieties already existing there ; that what has been done, may be done again, and that nothing but the same judg.ment in selecting animals to breed from, and the same skill and perseverance in following the laws of breeding to their results, is wanting, to produce as valuable stock from our na- tive varieties as has been produced from the native varieties of England. We have purposely stated this argument in its strongest form, because, while we admit the possibility of producing in this coun- try, improved breeds equal perhaps in value to those at present existing in Europe, we think it would be the height of folly to undertake the task in preference to availing ourselves of the labors and skill of European breeders. To make our- selves understood, we will select tlie Short Horns or Durhams, as the breed best known, for the pur- pose of illustration. We can trace the Short Horns, as a distinct breed, to its originators, Charles and Robert Col- lins, some fifty years since. Others, as Berry and Coates, co-operated most effectually in forwarding ihe improvement commenced by them; and within the last twenty years, the number of breeders of this stock has multiplied in every part of England. That their excellencies are permanent and fixed in the breed, is proved by their invariably imparting more or less of them to any variety with which they are crossed ; that the blemishes and faults occasionally to be found in them, are to be consid- ered as accidental, and not inherent in the breed, is proved by the fact that these defects are rarely propagated or reproduced in their progeny. It has taken at least fifty years to bring up the Short Horns to this point of excellence ; and there is no probability whatever that any modern skill or knowledge could materially shorten this period in engrafting these valuable qualities upon the native stock of this country, by simple selection and breed- ing from our varieties alone. We must, then, to raise up an American breed from native stock only, combining as many valuable qualities as the Short Horns at present possess, employ some fifty years, with much labor and money, and then find our- selves at precisely the point of improvement where the English breeders now arc. We think, then, that the advocates of an exclusive American breed, or one produced from our native varieties, without reference to foreign stock, are guilty of as great an absurdity as those who would rely on imported stuck only, to replace with an improved stock our native herds. The third course for improvement, is that of those who believe that the bc-it way is, to obtain the beat and highest bred animals from abroad, when such can be procured, and breed them to oi i best and choicest native stock. And this is tli method to which we give a decided preference. A question most important to the agricultural it terests of the country, is not unfrcquently askei how can the desired improvements be most certair ly and expeditiously made.' On this point we ar fortunately not left to theory alone; but we hav the result of many experiments which would seei to be decisive of the matter. In all crosses froi a high bred or made up stock, with inferior breed there is a constant and powerful tendency to detc rioration. Habit is hardly equal to a contest wit nature ; implanted qualities, unless carefully guard cd, are apt to disappear before the powerful ten dencies of natural and constitutional ones ; and is to prevent this degeneracy, to retain all the oL qualities that are valuable, and add new ones tha are desirable, that requires all the skill and cau tion of the breeder. Our opinion as to the true course to be followed and the one which we doubt not will be generalh adopted, is, for the breeder to select a full brei bull of the kind preferred, possessing those quali ties most desirable, or indicating that they are in herent in the breed. Much is depending on thi proper selection of the male, for it is he that stampi most indelibly his character on the progeny. As certain whether the animals from which he is de scended, the particular family, we mean, are notet for any particular quality, and what tiiat may be In the same breed, and of equal purity of blood animals may be found in which the predominatinc quality differs essentially. Aptitude to fatten deep milking, excellence in the yoke, kind hand- ling, &c. &c., may not be prominent in all animals of a breed ; and it is for the breeder to select with reference to the qualities most desirable. Having secured bulls of undeniable excellence, let the breeder next select from his native stock the best cows he possesses, or that can be procur- ed— those in which the qualities of easy fecdin", deep milking and kind dispositions appear to be the most strongly marked and fixed, and breed from such cows only, if lie hopes to effect a perma- nent improvement in his st<^ck. We have never known an instance in which such a cross did not at once mark and change the character of a stock for the bettor. Let it be remembered that breeding from cross, es, without recurrence to pure blood, always de. generates ; but where the first cross or half blood is bred to a full blood, a half blood heifer to a pure blood bull, for instance, improvement is sure to fol- low. The course pursued by many, perhaps most of our farmers, is this. A native cow is bred to a pure Short Horn, and the progeny is a fine bull calf. This calf, a half blood, is used h.r a bull with his herd of native cows, and the farmer is surprised to find such a falling off in the qualities of his calves from that of their sire. Now the true course would be, if the progeny in the first in- stance was a bull calf, to fit him for the yoke or Ihe shambles ; if a heifer, to breed her to a pure blood bull, and a good ciilf might be considered certain. By this recurrence to pure bio. id, the stock will be constantly rising; by breeding from crosses without such recurrence, it will be as cer- tainly sinking. By proceeding in the way here pointed out, using full blood bulls and the hest na- tive cows, our stock as a whole would be rapidly VOT X .11. so 10. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 75 jroviny, and tlie way prcpnred for an advance nny of the prpsent breeds. Believiii;:, ns we A«, that it is to ekiliriil cross- of the iniprnved pure stocks with oiir heel na- i anifiiaU-, we are to look f.jr the earliest na well the ()erTn»nent itiiproveinent of our herds, and bmldinrr up of an American breed worthy of name, the importance of introducinp: and pre- ying animals which shall serve as the basis of i improvement, forces itself upon us at once, e breeders of improved stock can scarcely at- h too much importance to pedi^^ree, as in that ne have thev proof of the endurance of the valu- e qM.ilitic8 of the animals they breed ; and the fidonce of the public once shaken on that point, iny deception practiced, will be most unforlu- e, as seriously tending to check the iniprove- ;il of our domestic stock. — Albany Cult. From the Farmer's Cabinet. FRUIT TREES, rhe very superior apples which are grown in State of Ohio, have attracted the attention of se who have had an opportunity of examining m : they are said to be finer and fairer, and are duced in greater abundance than those of simi- kinds in the Atlantic States. The orchards also said to possess a much more youthful ap- rance. Some have supposed that their supcri- y arose from soil and climate, but it would be I to consider whether the difference does not e from their much more recent derivation from dlings. The early settlers in the West, carried h them seeds of various kinds, and amongst ui apple seeds of the most esteemed varieties ; se were planted, and produced numerous seed- r varieties, more or less differing in character II those ihey were taken from, as is generally case, in consequence of the mixture of the len of different kinds, during the period of flow- .ig. Those of a very superior character, have :n extended and propagated by grafting, so as furnish the fine fruit of the West, and the infe- • sorts suffered to run out and decay. The cel- ated horticulturist, T. A. Knight, reasoning n the fact that many fine varieties of the apple 0 greatly degenerated or disappeared, thinks he ustified in the conclusion, that " all plants of ! species, however propagated from the same ck, partake, in some degree, of the same life, 1 will attend the progress of that life in the hab- of its youth, its maturity, and its decay ; though y will not be any way affected by any acciden- injury the parent tree may sustain after they delatched from it." If this theory be sound, i there seems to be but little difBculty in recon- ing it with our observations on the gradual dis- learance and decline of some of our most es- med varieties of fruits, it would be well to re- t to more recent seedling varieties of valuable ts, to renovate our orchards. The age of an apple tree should be dated from ! period of planting the seed, and not from the le of inserting the graft or applying the bud to ! stock. Knight supposed the age of the apple e to be about two hundred years, and of course >se esteemed varieties which were introduced 0 this country by the early settlers, and which re probably not then young varieties, may be pected to disappear rapidly. Hence the iinpor- ice of introducing valuable seedlings from the est. It is to be hoped that the cominj season, the Western nurserymen will forward either the trees or gnfts to a market in the Atlantic States. The quince tree is much shorter-lived than the apple, and the most common mode of raising it is from suckers ; the consequence is, that we are con- stantly growing old trees that produce imperfe'-t fruit, and that in small quantities ; when, by rais- ing them from the seed, young and vigorous trees would be produced, th.it would repay us with abun- dance of fine, fair fruit. The quince from the seed, will produce fruit in five or six yenrs. It would be well to consider whether budding of peach trees of the same variety, for twenty or thirty years, without resort to seedlings produced from the stones, may not be the cause of gome of the infirmities of that most valuable fruit. It is questionable whether the extreme length of life of a peach tree is more than thirty or forty years ; if so, the system of budding without resort to seed- lings, should not be extended over more than half that period. The foregoing suggestions have been thrown out with the view of inducing some of our able and experienced cultivators of fruit trees to take the field, and give us through the pages of the Cabinet, the result of their observation and experience on this very interesting subject. Poma. WHOLESOME TRUTHS. Keep it before yourself, young mun, that indus- try and good morals wjll be your best passport in i;ood society, and the surest means of ensuring you the respect of those whose respect is desirable. Keep it before yourself, young lady, that kind- ness of heart, a sweet disposition, and an even temper, will make you an ogreeable companion with the old and the young — fit you to become a good mother, and, with a knowledge of household duties, a good wife. Keep it before yourself, young man or woman, that in a choice for a partner for life, you should look well to the habits and disposition of each oth- er. That a young man with a cigar in his mouth, and cane in his hand, and his brains (?) running to hair, may do very well for a beau to some silly miss, but is not to be compared witli the plain, un- pretending youth, whose heart is right, and whose common sense will not allow him to ape the dandy. That young lady who is all "accomplishments," who can sing a little, dance a little, thumb the pi- ano a. little, and look fascinating any time, may fill a place on the sofa, and be the belle of a ball room ; yet if she cannot make a pudding, roast a steak, and darn a stocking — if her accomplishments are all for show and none for use — then, ten chances to one, the young lady who has got a knowledge of household affairs, who has been brought up by a sensible mother, and ia well learned in the actual duties of life, will make a better wife, and a pleas- anter and happier home. Keep it before yourself, farmer, that you should return to the earth at least as much as you take from it — that you should make your land richer each year, nor let it wear out — that you should have a neat house, large barns, and show that it is your ambition to " make two spears of grass grow where but one grew before." Keep it before yourself, merchant, that a " nim- ble sixpence is bettor than a slow shilling;" that one price for goods, or dealing with every person alike, is the right way to secure custom. Keep it before yourself, mechanic, that punctu- ality is a virtue — that work promised, should al- ways be done at the time, and well done — and then you need give yourself no fears of a want of business Stlected. MILK AND RAILROADS. There is scarcely an article that can be named, so essential to the health and comfijrt of families, as milk, and it is believed there is no one in which more gross impositions have been practiced on the consumer. The account given by Mr Colman, of the milk used in New York, cannot bo pronounced an exaggeration ; and we know no good reason why that account should be applicable to that city alone. But a brighter day is dawning on the dwellers in cities, so far as milk is concerned ; and the venders of swill slop, cold water, and art), ficial milks, arc finding their business seriously en- dangered. This is being brought about by the in- fluence of railroad.", which, spreading a net-work over the country, and centering in the cities, bring the farmer or dairyman, residing .50 miles from the city, within a few hours ride, and enable him to offer his products in the best possible condition for competition. This effect was first e.\tensively felt in Boston, in the reduction of the price and better- ing the quality of the milk, though that city had never been forced to use such scandalous stuff as was sold in some other places for milk. At the present time, a large portion of the milk used in that city, is received by the railroads from country dairies. The same beneficial results are beginning to be felt in New. York. By the New York and Erie railroad, the milk of the cows fed on the sweet pastures of Orange, and the rich dairies of Ulster, is brought within four or five hours of Now York. As was expected, a spirit of rivalry has been ex- cited among the old milk-men against their new competitors, and some insinuated that the Orange county milk could not be kept sweet so long, un- less some deleterious chemical preparation was added. The following account given by an Or- ange county farmer, of the manner in which their milk is prepared for market, satisfactorily accounts for its keeping so well, since pure milk, quickly cooled, and kept at a low temperature, will be sweet for a long time, even in warm weather. The cows are milked early in the morning at Goshen and its vicinity, the milk put into cans con- taining from 60 to 75 quarts, into which a tin tube filled with ice is inserted, and the milk stirred un- til the animal heat is expelled. It is then sent by the railroad, and arrives, a distance of 80 miles, at the milk depots, which are numerous in the city, in four and a half hours. The tube filled with ice is again inserted, and the milk thus kept cool and sweet until sold. It can be afforded to the public at four cents per quart, of which the farmer gets two cents per quart, and is well satisfied, as it yields more than butter at 25 cents per pound. When we recollect the vast influence which this method of supplying milk to cities has on their health and expenditures, and the advantages it af- fords farmers of an easy and profitable mode of disposing of this part of their produce, the mutual benefits of quick and certain modes of communica- tion between city and country, become strikingly apparent. — Jllb. Cult. A gentleman asked a lawyer how he could pun- ish his servant who had stolen a canister of valua- ble snuff. " I am not aware of any act," replied the lawyer, " that makes it penal to take snuff. 76 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, SEPT. 6, 18 For ihe N. E. Karmer. ♦ CONVENTION OF BREEDERS. Mr Putmam — Sir — I was pleased to see in one of your late pajiers. a notice from certain eminent brneders, proposin;; that a convention be held in New York, on the I7lh of October next, to endeav- or to settle 8orne disputed points concerning the forms of animals. 'Ihis, it seems to me, was innch needed ; and I hope there will be a full rep- resentation present, from all our breeilinnj States, so that the matter may be fully discussed, and the experience obtained in different parts of the Union, be brought to bear upon the subject. It appuars that the two objects which they wish to bring about, are — first, that there should be dif- ferent prizes given at onr agricultural fairs, for dif- ferent races, so that the contest may be between animals, and not between breeds, ns it now is. And secondly, that a certain general standard of excellence may be proposed for each individual race, which will in some measure serve as a guide to the breeder. Tlie present system of offering a prize for the best bull, cow, or whatever it may be, without tak- ing into consideration the breed to which it may belong, is absurd ; for that which is an excellence in the one, may be an absolute deformity in the other: for instance, the heavy shoulder of the Short Horn would be greatly misplaced upon the Devon, who, to e.\cel in the yoke, for which he is peculiarly fitted, requires a degree of activity which his more heavily built rival cannot possess. These points it is impossible for the judges to de- cide upon ; every mnn must settle them for himself, being governed by the peculiar ()ualilies he most values, or by the soil and climate in which he may happen to be placed. You might as well ask a certain number of men to determine which is the most profitable crop to be raised in the United States, rice or wheat .'—forgetting that tho one will not grow in the marshes of the South, or the other in the cold, dry lands of the North. In Mas- sachusetts, the Devon is preferred to the Short Horn, whilst in New York, the latter fairly drives the f(,rmer out of the field. And this is as it should be. Here, we rather seek an animal which crossed with our native stock, will give us good, active, working cattle ; whilst with them, beef and milk being the qualities most sought after, they have rightly fixed upon the Short Horn. Many advantages, too, would be derived, from a list of the most desirable points of the diR"erent breeds, fixed upon by such a convention as that now coming together. It would be of Ihe greatest assistance to all young breeders, and niiglu be rc- ferre.l to with advantage by many of a iimch riper experience. I hope that all the proceedings of the meeting will be published, and that we shall have not only the conclusions that are come to, but also the de- bates in full ; 80 that we may see the reasons both for and against, and judge lor ourselves whether or not the convention have decided arirrht. A. R. We know not who " A. R." is, nor do we hold ourself committed to defend his assertion that it is SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENT IN CORN PLANTING. On a recent visit to the farm of B. R. Smith, Esq., near the race course, I was gratified at his success in planting this important staple of our country, affording an additional evidence of the superior advantages of scienliHc culture over that of the common routine pursued for ages past by the planters of our country. Mr Smith is not profesaionaily a planter, but a merchant, devoting his few leisure hours to the cultivation of his farm. Di fleering from those who regard book farming (as it is called) as only anoth- er name for vi.'sinnary sppculation, he is a constant reader of agricultural journals — endeavors to profit by the discoveries of others, and possessing a sound judgment, he is able to decide on such modes of culture as are adapted to the nature of the soil and the plants he cultivates. Last year, much surprise was expressed by planters that i\Ir Smith should have succeeded in raising 7G bushels and 18 quarts of corn to the acre. He then stated that his experiments were not yet completed — that the ground, by judicious management, would admit of still closer planting, and he hoped yet to succeed in raising 1(J0 bushels to the acre. He doubted the old theory, that what is called "firing" in corn was the result of close planting, but believed it was occa.'sioned by the poverty of tho land. He believed that the hilling of corn was not attended with benefit, and that-ff the land was thoroughly prepared, previous to planting, it required but little other attendance than that given by the improved plow called the cultivator. The land on which the present crop is planted, was originally poor and much exhausted by injudi- cious cultivation. It was thoroughly plowed and manured with stable manure, in proportion of CU ^ single cartloads to the acre. The corn was foaked j in saltpetre, rolled in gypsum, and planted on a flat surface in double rows, the stems eighteen inches apart in rows of four feet. Very litUe use was subsequently made of the hoe ; tho cultivator was run through it a few times. The luxuriance of the growth kept down the grass and rendered all further culture unnecessary. The ears are now filled, and the crop is considered safe from the vi- cissitudes of the season. The field has the appear- ance, in its rich green foliage, of a vii^orcms erowth Soapsuds for Cabbn/res. — A writer in the Lon don Gardeners' Chronicle, says : " I believe it wi be a thankless piece of service for one gardener I teach another how to grow cabbages and cauliflow ers ; yet as these crops of vegetables have faile. this season in various parts of the country, the fol lowing may perhaps be of use to our cottage read ers. Wherever soapsuds have been used plentifullj cabbages and cauliflowers have grown luxuriantlj I have made inquiries (jf several others who hav used the suds, and in no one instance have 1 lioaK of a failure where it has been applied. Whether the alkali in the water has prevents the enemy from destroying the roots, and given thi roots more vigor to resist the attack, I do no know; but one thing is certain : where such ma nure has been applied, it has produced the nioa beneficial results. I think cottagers may take a lesson from this and save that which would nourish their languish- ing crop, for it is a pity to see a pool of filthy wa ter polluting the neighborhood with its stench while within a few yards of it the vegetables of t garden are dying of an evil whicli that waten would remedy." "absurd" to offer a premium for " the best" ani. mal without regard to breed. We are glad that any one here has seen fit to draw attention to the proposed convention, and we very willingly give the above communication a place in our c'dunins —Ed. N. E. F. of a young forest. It is the finest field of corn I liave ever beheld, and it is believed by good judg- e.s that the product will not /all far short of 100 bushels per acre. — Charleston Mercury. Sale of Durham Short Horn Cattle. We have seen a notice that C. N. Bement, Esq., .3 1-2 miles west of Albany, will sell at auction, at 10 o'clock, Wednesday, Sept. 1.1, seven bulls, nineteen cows, and three calves, of the Short Horn Durham breed, and eightyfour South Down sheep and lambs. Cutlina; GrassM.— Mr Editor: I should like foi you to give your reasons why you prefer thai grasses should be mowed as soon as they are in flower. Our experience suggests that cutting should be delayed until it is so near ripe as not tc scatter. Our grass is the " herds," or as it is call- ed with you, tho " red-top." Yours, very re.-jpectfully, II. A. L. In reply to the inquiry of our correspondent, «e Itave to state that our reasons are two-fold ; first that cattle relish the grass better, and secondly! that the soil continues longer in heart, inasmuch as prior to the formation of the seed, a larger por- tion of tho nutriment of the plant is derived from the atmosphere, whereas after the commencement of the developcment of the seed, the major portion of the sustenance is abstracted from the soil, thus depriving it of its fertility, without contnbuti'i.g to quantity in the weight of the hay. It is fair, how. ever, to state, that grass cut af'er tho seed is ripe, or partially so, is more nutritious than that wliich is cut when just in flower Jiiner. Far. Cabbage Louse — Jfmttr SijuashfS—Jlpules. — In passing over the fiinii of a .Mr Morrison, in Brigh- t(m, last week, we noticed acres of cabbages ninierf by lice, and learned that the cabbages generally in that neighborhood have suffered in the same way. Winter squashes look well. We have seen no marks of that worm at the root, which has been so destructive the two last seasons. Winter apples are scarce upon the trees in the vicinity of the city. Lime for Fruit Trees. — In the autumn of 1841 we laid bare the roots or a number of unthrifty ap- ple and peach trees, and left them exposed during the winter, returned the dirt in the spring, and ap. plied to the roots of each tree about half a bushel of gas lime. Last year the trees seemed greatly improved, and the peaches bore more tlian three times as much as they did the two previous years, and the fruit sr)emed improved. Ashes are a "ood substitute for lime, and ordinary lime would p:oba- bly do as well as the gas lime. — Delaware Far. Cure for a Foundered Horse. — If your horse founders over night, in the morning take a pint of hog's lard, put in a vessel, and make it boiling hot ; clean his hoofs well, and set his foot ir the lard. Heat it for each foot boiling hot; take a spoon and put the fat over the hoof as near the hair as possi- ble, and if this be done early in the morning, he will be fit tor use in three hours after, (i is bet- ter to remove the horse's shoes, but I have made several cures without. I have tried this on many liorses, and it has never failed LouisviUe Jour. XXII. NO. 10. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 77 MILK AND MILCH COWS. . writer in the Cincinnati Chronicle, ivlioseetns e pi'rfi.'clly at home on all matters perlainini; lilk and inilcli cows, ex])resse8 his or ber views iillnws : 1 selecting the best cows for milk, Ihey should f the middle size, or upivardr", with a mixture tion is referable to its performance of this office. — Jlmer. Far. PRSTRUCTION OP LNSECTS. Various have been the recipes suggested for the ("estrnction of the insects which destroy the culti- vator's crops. Ants, it is said, may be easily de- 'urli;im, say oiie-half or three-fourths, and from f,,royed by toasting the flrshy side of the skin of a 'and healthy stock; and never allowed to pjgce of bacon, till it is crisp, and laying it at the e in under three years old, for they do nut ac e their fnll growth until that period. lost persons are in the habit of keeping too y cows ; one good cow, well taken care of, is h more profitable than three or four, kept in ordinary way. 1 order to sustain my position, I will state a relative to my own method of keeping cows, leave the public to judge of its utility ; I have e large three-fourtli Durham cow, six years after supplying my family with an abundance lilk mid cream, and giving the second day's to the calf, which I am raising, and is now months old, my family made, the last week in ember, (and a very cold week ion,) 7iine pounds i sweet yellow butter, as ever I saw in June, keep my cow in winter, in a warm dry stable, under no circumstances allow her to be out in :old rain, either night or day. I keep her well led with straw; give her as much pure water le will drink tliree times a day, at which time ^d her with as much good fine hay as she needs, no more than she will cat up from time to ; night and morning, I give her a peck of su- jects, well cut up. 1 find potatoes to answer od purpose, when I have not the beets, but not make so yellow and sweet butler. Corn corn meal I find will not answer the purpose, is sure to dry up cows : they should have two or three times a week. lESUSCITATION OF PEACH TREES, n esteemed friend, one who owns a fine estate n adjoining county, informs us that he has re- ;d two peach trees to vigorous health, by dig- ■ in around the roots of each tree, a peck of t he terms /i/iq^((/. On the estate in ques- there is a fishery, and it was to the captain ne of the crafts resorting there for fish, that informant was indebted for the knowledge of remedy. The trees had shown evident signs ecay, both in the yellowness of their leaves general unthriftmess of appearance ; but in a few wreks after the application of the oft'al, assumed an entirely changed appearance — leaves became of a dark, healthful green color, shoots sjirung forth, and every vestige of their asc has subsequently disappeared, 'he fish-offa! had, as all such refuse matter has, rtion of salt in it, and it is possible that to that ;ral the cure effected, is, in a great measure, ibable. And we are the more inclined to this ion, as we learned some months since, through same g'-nlleman, that a peach tree on another is faiins, had been restored to health by occa- al watc!ring3 with human urine. It may, how. , bo possible, that the ammonia generated by Jeciiy of the fish may have contributed its e to the good work. Tlie sickly hue of these 3 may have been superinduced by a want of sh in the soil, and as salt, like lime and mag- root of any fruit tree that is infested by these in sects, placing something over the bacon to keep it dry — the ants will go under it ; after a time lift it up quickly, and dip it into a pail of water. While treating of insects, I may incidentally allude to worms and slugs, or naked snails. For the de- struction of slugs in gardens, warm in an oven or before a fire, a riiiantity of cabbage leaves, until they are soft ; then rub them with unsalted butter, or any kind of fresh dripping, and lay them in the place infested by slugs. In a few hours the leaves will be found covered with snails and slugs. For field operations, perhaps the best means of de- stroying slugs and worms is common salt, an agent too little known for this purpose, yet its powers are undoubted. No person has employed common salt for the purpose of destroying worms, to a greater extent than Jacob Busk, Esq., of Hertfordshire. liis val- uabte experiments have extended over some hund- reds of acres of wheat. To use his own words: " In every situation, and at every time, the eflect appeared equally beneficial." The quantity per acre — "about four or five Imshels sown out of a common seed-shuttle." The period — "in the eve- ning." The effect — '' In the morning each throw may be distinguished by the quantity of sliine and the number of dead slugs lying on the ground. In some fields it has certainly been the means of pro- venting the destruction of the whole crop." Six bushels of salt per acre was applied by hand, in April, 1828, to a field of oats attacked by the slugs and worms, and the crop was cmnplotely saved, although an adjoining field, not sailed, was entirely destroyed by this sort of vermin. Salt, loo, It a complete preventive of the rava- ges of the weevil in grain. It has been success- fully employed in the proportion of a pint of salt to a barrel of wheat. I learn from an American merchant, that wheat placed in old salt barrels is never attacked by these destructive insects. Six or eight pound.^ of salt sprinkled nvrr 100 sheaves in stacking, produces exactly the same effect. Eiiiih IVorms. — The farmer while warmly en- gaged in the destruction of the annoying insects of the field, should not ornit to consider whether many of these are not, in some way or other, pro- ductive of benefit — whether tliey do not serve to keep within reasonable limits other insects, or per- form some other wise purpose in the works of crea- tion. This has been proved to be the fact in the case of the coiiimoii earth-worm, whose casts so often annoy the gardener and the farmer. For these not only assist in the continual admixture of different strata of earths, liut, by boring the soil, they promote in it the circulation of the atmos- pheric gases, and even the drainage from it of its superliuous moi AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. BosTOK, Wedhesdat, Sept. 6, 1843. HARVESTING INDIAN CORN. Various cipcriincnts liav? been instituted tn show bow the crop is affected by t.ikifig off tlic top of the stalk. j9U the results, as fat as we remember, agree in making the crop laiger wliere the stalk is left uncut. Where grain alone is the object, it is belter to leave the stalks whole until harvest lime than lo cut them. VVe believe ihnt all the actual trials concur in proving this. But the sto- ver, or corn fodder, is an object with nearly all farmers, and this, a pait of it, is undoubtedly bcllor when cut off while yet green, and well cured, than when it stands exposed to the weather until the corn i.-i fully ripe. Whether the gain in the quality Jof the top stalks is enough to p.iy for culling and curing them, and to pay also for the loss of grain, is a point unsettled by any ac- tual experiments, as fnr as we know. Common practice is in favor of topping the stalks. But we like belter a process by which we nnither top the stalk nor let it stand until it is ripe. For several days, as soon as the curlkr ears cf corn in our field be- come icdl glazed, while the late ones are yet in a good slate for boiling or roasting, we cut at the root, lay about four hills too-elher, bind as soon as convenient, with rye straw, set up about eight bundles together, and put around these two bands of straw ; thus left, even with- out a cap, the corn stands the weather wq^l, is not lia- ble to mould, even in long storms and fogs, and the sto- Ter keeps clean and cures well. The ccirn, lories plump, bright, and sweet — we think more so than when left uncut. The late ears cure much better in this way. At husking time you may find small ears but you will fcarcely find a green one. The labor by this process is lees than by the process of topping ; and we on the whole preler it to any other method we have tiied. In onr paper two years ago at this time, we described the whole process minutely. There all the instruction is given which we are able to fuyiish. There is a question whether ihe corn cured in this way is as heavy as that that ripens on the standing stalk. We have handled and icorkcd upon the corn cnrod in both ways; but we have not weighed with a view to settle the que&tion of weight between them. Our opin- ion is that al the 25lh of October, husking time, the I'ob of that that has been cut and stooked, is much the dri- est, and that it shrinks less in the bin than the other, and unless that which is leA standing till ripe, should be very considerably the heavier in October, we should expect the other to weigh most the following winter and spring. la our judgment, we get the most weight of grain when we cut up and ripen in stook. SCIENTIFIC TERMS IN AGRICULTURAL WRI- TINGS. Complaint is sometimes made that the agricultural writers of the day use eo many chemical terms, and so rnuoh of the language of science, that ihe common far- mer cannot comprehend what is written. Not long since, we remember that some " Plow-jogger" rcquest- pd us to publish in our columns a sort uf dictionary of terms, explaining all that are difiicult. Would this be of any service? Wo much doubt whether it would. The definitions might perhaps bo read when first published, but they would very rarely be remembered from a single reading. The only effec- tual way of learning them, is to have a sort of dictionary of terms at hand, and look out the meaning of the words as ime reads. Such a dictionary is furnistied in every elementary work on chemistry, and may be found in the introduclory pages of Webster's edition of Liebig. Such hooks ar^ more convenient for reference than the bark numbers of a weekly newspaper. It is well that the use of purely scientific terms which common farmers do not understand, should be avoided as far as may bo by writers upon agriculture — but when- ever chemislry, entomology, or botany are brought in to aid the farmer in understanding his business, some sci- entific terms must be used, because no other words will convey the writer's meaning with any precision. This fact is not peculiar to the sciences, but is equally true in reference to all the arts and common pursuits of life. Many of the different operations and objects upon the farm, are described by names which are perfect Greek to all but those who have spent a porlion of their days upon the farm. And such terms are not the same the world over, nor even in the different counties of our own State. What in one couniy is called a harrow, is in another county called a drag — and "the drag of one place, is the rock-boat of another. The hassock of Essex county, is the hog of the western part of the State. Wc are as much confounded, and so is any mere common farmer, by the phrases of the sailor or the ship carpen- ter, as by those of the chemist. The men of each diffe- rent calling must have many terms peculiar to their pursuit, and no accurate description of their operations can he made, without using some of those ternis. The chemistry of agriculture has its own language, to some extent, and if chemistry speaks to the farmer, she must do it partly, at least, in her own phrases, for no words with which he is fatniliar, can convey all her informa- tion. A little «(uij!/ of the definition of chemical terms as given in the introduction to almost any of the books on chemistry, will enable any one to read understand- ingly essays or articles in which sucli terms are necessa- rily used. EXHIBITIONS, CATTLE SHOWS, &c. Mass. Horticultural Society, at the Society's Rooms, 23 Tremont Row, Boston, Sept. 13, 14 and 15. New York State Agricul. Society, at Rochester, Sept. J9, 20 and 21. Rhode Island Agricul. Society, at Pawtuxet, Sept. 27. American Institute, at Niblo'a Garden, New Vork, Oct. 10, and following week. Plymouth Co. Agricul. Society, at Biidgewater, Oct. 4. Essex Co. Agricul. Society, at South Andover, Sept. 27. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXIIIBlTlOtl or KI.OWERS. Saturday, Sept. 2, 1843. From the garden of J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton, some very showy bouquets. Dahlias, and other cut flow- ers. Pickwick, and Eva in the collection of Dahlias by Mr W. were very fine. Miss Rus.'ell presented some fine bouquets, from the establishment of Mr Wm. Kenrick, of Newton. Very fine bouquets, consisting of Roses, &c , by O. &. W. Wales, of Dorchester. Four large and several small bouquets, (very choice) by Messrs. Hovey. Bouquets by Dr John C. Howard, Miss Sumner, Jno. Hovey, JohnA Kenrick, and S. Walker. By Mr Samuel Sweetser, Aloe Mitraiforniis, (rare,) Roses, Dahlias, i&c. Thomas Lee, Esq , of Brookline, presented fine spe- cimens of Roses, Heath's and Itignonia Jasrainoides. Roses, Balsams, (fine,) and Bignonia Giandiflora, &e. from S. R. Johnson, of Charlestown. E. Winslow, of Roibury, exhibited several fine spe- cimens of the Dahlia — we noticed Pickwick, Ne Plus Ultra, Argo, and others, as good specimens. Mr Jno. Hovey presented some good specimens some of the old varieties of the Dnhlia. Dahlia var. Unique, by R. Al. Copeland, was amo the best specimens in ihe room. S. A. \Valker, of itrooklirip, presented in addition his fine bouquets, some good Dahli.-ts, and also so; very superior Balsams, Asters, anil Zinnias. From the garden of Joseph Breck & Co., of Bnst and Brighton, Cleome Grandiflora, German Asters, Z nias, and Phlox Breckiana. We would again call i attention of the lovers of Phlox to this choice varit raised by Mr Breck. We bnlieve it equal, if not su| rior, to any variety imported, or seedling in the cntinti For the Committee, S. WALKER EXHIBITION OF FRB1T5. From J. Lovett, 2d, Plums — Long Blue, Boln Washington, Prince's Imperial Gage — all very fi Also, Van Mons Pear. From Samuel A. Walker, Brookline, WashingI Plum ; fine Peaches, open culture. From Thomas Mason, Roxbiiry, Sweetwater Grap Barllett, and other Pears, without name. From Col. T. H. Perkins, very fine specimens of 1 President Peach. From H. Vnndine, Early Black Plums. From E. E. Bradshaw, Charlestown, splendid spe mens of Bolmar Washington and Duane's Purple Plu From F. R. Bigelow, Barllett Pears, and large spe mens of Yellow Rareripe Peaches, some of them weij ing 8 ounces. From the President, Belle Lucrative Pears. From Samuel Pond, Plums — Pond's Seedling, Lo bard. Smith's Orleans, Long Blue French, Isabel Green Gage, Duane's Purple. Pears — St. Cliislain, J lienr.e, Cuahing's, Winship's ^Seedling, Bartlelt — a fi display. From Wm. Thomas, Bolmar Washington, Itali Damask, and a fine Seedling Plum, and Apricots. From J. F. Allen, Pears — Summer Bon Chrelii Summer Franc Real, Dearborn's Seedling, Julieni Bartlott, Catherine, and two varieties for a name. From A. D. Williams, five boxes of very fine Bla Plums ; Orleans (.') From J. L L. F. Warren, Duane's Purple, Bingha Washington, and Orleans Plums. Lemon Clingsto Peach, fine Porter Apples, and Pears and Apples I names. From A. H. Ernst, Esq., Cincinnati, Ohio, fine lar sweet cooking Apples. Also, three Washington Pea extra large and fine. This fruit was taken from the tr in Cincinnati, on Monday, and were as fresh as a fruit upon the tables plucked this morning. For the Committee, JOSEPH BRECK. EXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES. Dr. John C. Howard exhibited Napoleon, Grei Smyrna, and Citron Melons; also two boxes very larj Lima Beans. Mr Josiah Lovett, 2d, exhibited a remarkably lar and fine Melon. Three varieties of Tomatoes were exhibited by B J. L. L. F. Warren. For the Committee, J. A. KENRICK. SEPTEMBER— EXTRA WORK. Most farmers will find time to do something more th month, than attending to their crops, threshing grai &c. The improvement of wet meadow and swan lands should not he neglected. To thoroughly drain, the first step — and when you have done this, (if the lar is not too wet to bear the team,) it is good economy i go further, and by coating with gravel, sand, loam ' clay, an inch or two inches in thickness, kill out once the meadow grasses, and fix a soil in which betb ones may be sowed forthwith. Or, better still, whe you can do it, plow the meadow when drained, subje it to tillage, and when well pulverized, seed it down grass. The higher grounds may be plowed and seeded dow to grass this month — or any time between now and Ni vember, though the earliest possible day may be bes unless your grounds are very rich. While such operations are attended to, do not neglei to get out muck and turf for compost. XXII, NO. la. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 79 HORTICULTURAL, EXHIBITION. • Tho Annual Eiliibilioii of ihe Massachusetts Hor- jral Society will lake place at their Ki"inis 2! Trernoni (opposite the Savings Bank,) on WEDNESDAY, RSDAV, and FRIDAY, 13th, 14th, and 15th of Sep- lice ami rare specimens of Fruits and Flowers are re- ully soiicitetl Iroin the meiiiliers of the Massachusetts ciiliurat Society, an.! t"r»>in (he. lovers of the science of culture generally. Committees will he in attenduuce eive contritiutioiis on Momlay aiirt Tuesday, 1 1th iiuil iepicinher, and will retain the specimens sent subject order of the owner. 1st giving the names of the specimens of Fruits and us presented is respectfully solicited. By order. SA.UUF.L WALKER, Chairman Committee of Arrangements To enahle the Committee of Arrangements to make tions and to lit up their room for the Annual Exiiiln- here will he no public exhibition at their rooms on iay next, 9lh inst. Sept. 6. (iHTOiN MARKET.— Monday, Sept. 4, 1843. Reported fur the N. E. Farmer. ; Market fiOO Beef Cattle, 120 Stores, 30 Cows and !9, -2800 Sheep and 400 Swine. ICES. — Beef Catlle — A very small number. Extra I a 4.75. First quality, $4.25 a 4.50. Second qual- ;3.75 a $4.25. Third quality $3.00 a $3.50. •res. — Sales not sufficient to establish prices. ■as and Ca/re».— Sales $13, $15, $19, $23 and $24. ■ep — Sales quick. Lots sold fr«m 75 cti. to $1 50. .ers, $1.33, $1.G2, $L75. A very nice lot to ship, I. i'ne.— Lots of Shoats to peddle 4 3-4 for sows and Pir barrows. Old Hogs 4 1-4 a 4 3-4. At retail 5 to 7. TIIERMOAIETRICAL. Reported (or tlie New England Farnrrer. fgeof the fhernioineterat the Garden of the proprietors New England Farmer, Brighton, , Mass. in a shaded erly exfijoaure, for ihe week ending Sept. 3. pi. 1S43. 17,A.M. I 12, M. | S.l'.M. | Wind. lay, i?sday, sday, IV, day. 2S 71 75 29 65 T3 30 67 82 SI 67 86 1 62 75 2 60 82 3 64 77 65 67 69 73 62 74 73 E. E. W. W. E. E. E. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected icith great care, weekly. EDS. Herds Grass, $0 CiO to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top 50 cents, t.'lover — [\orthern, UO to I2c. — Southern, 0 Max Seed, if 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ry Seed, 84 50 per bushel. .AIN. The sales of the week have been confined y to the wants of dealers. rn — \irthern. old, bushel 60 to 61— Southern, round V, old, 59 a 00 — Southern fiat yellow, new, 57 a 58 — o. white 53 n 55 — do New Orleans, 50 a 52 — Barley ID —Rye, .Northern, 70 a 72- do. Southern, 68 a 70 — Southern. 29 a 30— Northern do. 31 to 32 — Beans, per •I I 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 35 -Bran, iO. OUR. The news from England had no favorable in- :e on the market ; and the market at the close is more id aud prices for most kinds decidedly lower. Itimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. <6 12 a S 25 — do. r, «0 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, *5 12 a 0 00— Phila- ia ilo. 4 mos. «0 00 a 0 00 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 S5 Ot» a 5 12 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, o 00 a 0 o.i. irgeiown, 45 25 a 5 50 — Richmond Canal. 84 S7 a 5 oi- Ciiy,»ii00a 1100— Pctersliurgh, South side So 00 a 0 00 Country So 00 an 00— Genesee. common, cash, $4 87 a -do fancy brands 3.3 12a 6 25 — Ohi« via Canal, a 0 00— do do New Orleans, c^ish Si 75 a 5 00. Ilye, a 4 00— Indian Meal in bbls. t2 75 a 3 00. PROVISIONS. The market remains without much change on the last quotations. Beef— Mess 4 iio. new bbl. SjsOaOOO — Navy— »7 50 a 0 00.— No. 1, 7 00 a 0 00— do Prime SO 00 a 0 Od- Pork— Extra clear 4 mo. bbl. 813 50 a 14 00— do Clear S12 50 a i:;oo do. Mess, It DO a 12 00— do Prune SIO 00 a 10 5o— do Mess from other States, — a do Prime do do «0 00 n 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do $00 00 a 00 00 — Butter, shipping, 0 a 0 :i — do store, uninspected, 7 a 9 — do dniry, 10 cts. a 14 — Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 — do South and Western, 6 a 7 1-2 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6^ — Southern ami Western, Sj a 6— Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 meal, 3 a 4 1-2 — do new milk, 5 a 6. WOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- p irialion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, free. All where- ot the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. We have no important movements to notice in this article. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 35— Do 3 4 do 32 a 00— Do. 1.2do 29 a 30 -1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do 8 a 10 — Saxony, ( lean, 00— Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Norihern pulled lamb 23 a 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27 — No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. 1st sort Mass 1342, lb. 14 a 15. 2d do. do. do. 00a UO. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed 810 to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and4meal,3 to 4 l-2c. — New 6 to 6. EGGS, 12 a 14. SCIONS FRO SI BBAHIIHG TREES. The subscriber at his grounds adjoining the Pomological Garden on Dearborn Street, North Salem, offers for sale scions from bearing fruit trees. Among them are the follow- ing P E A U 9. Bartlett — Columbian Virgalien- Peurre Romain — Urban- jste — Washington — Beurre Diel — Beurre Bosc — Josephine- Easter Beurre — Bloodgood — Summer Franc Real — Cliou — Lewis— Winter Nelis, &.c. PEACHES. Malta— Early Royal George— Early York— Noblesse- Red Cheek Mel.icaton— Murray's Early Ann— Blush Pine Apple — Washington Freestone— Cooledge's Favorite, &c. APPLES. Minister — Ilubbardslon Nonsuch — Danver's Winter Sweet, &c. P L O M S . Coe's Golden Drop— Violet Perlrigon — Roe's Yellow Gage— Green Gage— Violet do. — Washington— Imperial— Cruger's Scarlet— Frost Gage— Pond's Seedling. &c. Sept. 6. JOHN M. IVES. STRAWBERRIES, &c. WM. R. PRINCE & CO., offer for sale the following va- rieties : Myall's British Queen, first in size and quality, the lar- gest variety we have yet seen, and very productive. S5,i 0 per hundred. Hovey's Seedling very large, and productive, $5,00 per hundred. Warren's Mcthven, and Elton Seedling, each $3,00 per hundred. Boss' Phoenix, very large and highest flavored, and a very distinct fruit, $3,00 per dozen. Garnestone Scarlet and Swainstone's Seedling, now first offered, S3, 00 per dozen. Montevideo scarlet, an excellent Roseberry variety, S2,0U per hundred. Prince Albert, a new English variety, $5,00 per pair. Also, Myall's F.liza, ftlyait's Pine, Bishops' Orange, Keene's Seedling, Downton, Black Roseberry, and all other varielies at the lowest rales. No order for less than S5, can be supplied and the amount to he transmitted with the order. They can be sent by Harnden's Express, at trivial expense to Boston and to other places. Prince s Descriptive Catalogue of Fruit Trees, &c., in which all the estimable varieties of Apples, Pears, ami oth- er fruits, are critically described, and all the bad and i i.feri- or varieties designated, is now in press, and will be sent to every post paid applicant. WM. R. PRINCE, & CO. Lin. Bot. Garden and Nurseries, ) Flushing, Aug. 25th, 1843. S MUCK NANfAL. Forsale by JOSEPH BRECK 4. CO., The Muck Mu- ual for Farmers. By Dr S. L. Dana; price 62j. STRAAVBERRIES I The siiliscriber can supply all Ihe most esteemed varieties of Strawberries now in culiivation. The prenent is consid- ered a good tune for the formation of new beds. The fol. lowing are the prices per hundred plants; — Ifi'ury's SceiiUtig—a very superior variety, of large sized, fine flavor, abundant bearer, ana very hardy, $5,00 Kecne'i Seedling— httge fiuit, very high flavor and high perfume, (2,61) ISisliop's Orange-- Fine size, abundant bearer and supe- rior flavor, $2,01) /Clliin Seedling — Verj- large fruit of a superior flavor, eon- sidered one of the best in England, $5,00 MyaU't Pine— A delicious fruit, t3,3S The old varieties furnished atJl.eo per hundred. Orders sent by mail enclosing the money will be punc- tually attended to, and the plants well packed for transpor- tation. JOSEPH BKECK. Boston, Aug. 16, 1843. DRAFT AND TRACE CIIAIIirS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market St. STRAW BERRIES ! The subscriber would most respectfully give notice to those who are desirous of cultivating the most delicious Fr lit.that he will offer his select cnlleciion of Plants, at the following reduced rates, in order that all may be enabled to grow them. Having been engaged for twelve years in raising this Fruit extensively, he is enabled, by his knowledge of the choice varieties, antl the best modes of cullivaiion, to offer the most extensive assortment of Plants and in the finest condition, of any cullivator in the country. Persons may satisfy them- selves of this fact by a visit to his Gardens. Warren's Seeding Methven— .\ very superior variety, a great lieaier, perfectly hardy, the fruit often measuring six inches in circumference. Price per hundred planis, $5,09 Hovey's Seedling— A splendid fruit, bears abuiidantly.and worthy of extensive caliivation, S5,0O Keene's Seedling— Large fruit, and of very high flavor and rich perfume, 12,00 Bishop's Orange. — Very fine size and abundant hearer, t2,00 Myall's Pine — A delicious fruit, $2,00 Downton— A superior and large fruit, •2,00 The above varieties are all of the most superior kinds.and can be highly recommended. The following old varieties will be furnished at »4,eO per hundred : — Early Virginia, Hauthois, Methven Castle, and Royal Scarlet, English Wood. Where one thousand Planis are ordered, a discount of 25 per cent will be allowed. Jj-Every Plant sent from the Gardens will be warranted true. The several varieties, carefully labelled and securely packed, so as to be transported any distance in safely, and where it is desired, directions for planting and cultivatioa will accompany the Plants. The months of August and September are the best months in the year for making plantations of this Fruit. Tbnso made at this season anil properly treated will produce fruit the coining season. Orders enclosing the amount wanted or with references, and left with Geo. VV. Warren & Co. 192 Washington street, Boston, or forwarded by mail to the subscriber, will receive immediate and careful aiiention JAMES L. L. F. WARREN, Aug. 15 Nonantum Vale, Brighton. SCIONS FOR Bl'DDINa AND INGRAFTING. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. will supply orders for Scions of the various Fruits, cut Irom e bearing specimen trees in their experimental orcharils at 25 cents for each variety They „ , have also above 100 new varieties of Pears and other Iruils recently introiluced, which are comprised in th» new catalogue of the London Hort. Society anil other lata publications,— of which they will supply a lew Scions at 50 cents for each variety. No order lor a less amount than $6 can be executed, and the cash must accompany the orders. WILLIAM R PRlNCfc &. CO. Linnaen Botanic Garden and Nurseries, Flushing. Aug. 8, H43. N. B. A great variety of monthly Tree Roses are nowia flower, and 1000 fine Plants 4 feet high can be snpplied ia October. 80 NEW ENGLAND FARMER SEPT, 0, 1S43. 1 MISCELLANEOUS Dr. Woodward and his Patients — A correspon- dent of the N. Y. Courier and Enquirer, writing from Worcester, gives an interesting description of the Lunatic Asylum located lliere, and of tlie kind -ind sl;illful luanner in wliich the patients are treated by Dr. Woodward, superintendent of the institution. We extract the closing paragraph : "Dr. Woodward walked through the wards with me, (I keeping very close to his side, 1 assure you,) and as he passed the various inmates, lie had a kind word or greeting for each one, and his greet- ings were always suited to the peculiar tempera- ment of the parly addressed. I might have passed a long time there before I should liavc found out that I was in a lunatic asylum, for any thing that met the eye or ear. Tlie command that Dr. W. has over the unfortunate beings entrusted to his skill and care, is really wonderful, one instance of which I will relate. A very refractory patient had just been sent in, and soon after his arrival he managed to get hold of a razor, with which he threatened to kill another of the patients, whom he had seized. Dr. W. came up to him, and stroking his chin, with an air of the most perfect noncha- lance, addressed the mauiac with, " Come, , I have not been shaved these two days — get your brush and shave me." The mind of the lunatic was at once directed from his bloody purpose, and Dr. W. having seated himself, actually suffered the lunatic, who but a minute before was thirsting for the blood of a fellow-creature, to shave him." JVbhody to Blame At a meeting of the survi- vors of a ''blow up" on one of the western rivers, when the report was, as usual, ''that no blame could be attached to any of the officers of the boat," a Yankee submitted the following resolutions in addition : Resolved, That nobody's to blame but the biler. Resolved, Tliat the biler knew better than to go on a bu.it. Resolved, That we reckon it got just about what it deserved for blowin' up ia such a scowrageous manner. — Mail. Pathetic. — A country editor thus gives vent to his sorrows, in " breathing numbers" — Oh, ever thus from childhood's hour, Ve "ve seen our fondest hoprs decay j Ve never raised a caif or cow, or Hen that laid an egg a day, But it vas ' marked' and took avay ! Ve never fed a sucking pig, To glad U9 villi its sunny eye, Bui ven 'twas grown up fal and big, And fit to roast, or boil, or try — Ve could n't find it in ihe sty ! An Old Turtle. — An correspondent of the Na- tional Intelligencer writes: "1 send you an ac- count of an old land turtle, for which I think there was some inquiry a few montlis since. A p«rt of the account is taken from the Massachusetts Ga- zeteer, an old publication : "In 17t)3, Shubael Thompson found a land tur- tle marked on the shell, J. W. 1740, (supposed to be John Williams, who lived in the neigliboihood at that time.) It had lost one foot. He marked his initials and let it go. It was again found and marked by Elijah Clapp, in 1773, by Wm. Shaw, in 1775, by Jonathan Soiile, in 1734, by Jonathan Soule, in 1790, Zcnas Smith, in 1791, and by Eli- jah Soule, in 1810." About fifteen years ago, it was found by Jona- than Soule, and again by liim the present year, July, 1843. Mr Soule kept it several days, and it was seen by a number of persons. T here is no doubt but It is the same first marked by John Wil- liams ninetysix years ago. Most of the marks and dates are still legible. All the persons by whom it was marked, formerly lived in the neighborhood where it was formerly found. Its having but three feet is strong evidence of its being the same found by S. Thompson, in 17(>3. To all appearance it is likely to live many years longer. Thomas Bennett. East Middletown, Jiug. 1. Old Dingman, being too lazy to work, set up an intelligence office. A neighbor, thinking to run a joke upon the old man, sauntered in one morning, exclaiming — " Well, Dingman, I've a notion to setup a non- intelligence office." "Well, well," replied D., "that's all right; and as economy is the order of the day, I advise you to stick your own head out of the window as a sign of your business — you'll need no other." The neighbor suddenly recollected that he had urgent business somewhere, and was off. — Selected. CHEESE PRESSES. Mtsmtrism — The Belfast, Me. Signal states that a surgical operation was performed in that town recently, under the mesmeric influence. A lady was thrown into the mesmeric state, by Mr P. P. Quimby, and a polypus extracted from her nose by Dr. Wheelock, in ihe presence of se\oral citizens, and the subject is reported to have evinced DO signs of pain. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.' Great improvements have lieen moile the past year in ■■ form and workmanship of these Ploughs; Ihe moul.l hn has heen so formed as to lay the JurroiD completely or. turning in every particle of grass or stubble, andicarhitr ground in the best possible manner. The length nf : mould hoard has hf n very muth increased, so that i Plough works with the greatest ease, hoth with respeel the holding and the team. The Committee at the lale li of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to whirh of the Ploui > SEI.F-GOVERMNG CHEESE PRESSES— two kinds — lately iiTipro\ed hy the Shakers. These are so construct- ed tiiat they govern and regulate themselves without weights, and are hy far the hest presses now in use. For eale at the N. E. Agricultural Warehoase, 61 and CI North Market streeU JOS, BKECK & CO. June 7, 1843. we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps s:i Ihe inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to w. try Prouty & Mears, hut if your land is hcaeij, hard orruc BEGIN WITH Mo. HnWAno'S." At the above mer.'.ioiied trial the Howard Pl'-ugh i more work, with the same power of team, than any at, plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iwentysoi and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while' Howard Plough turned twentynine and one'half inches the same power of team .' All acknowledge that Howar Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantia made. There has lieen quite an improvement made on the sh or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed with having to furnish a newlandside; this shoe likewise seen the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to Si.';. A Plou sulficieut for breaking up with four cattle, will cost ah SIC 50, and with culler 4l, with wheel and culler, 82 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St. Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Street, hy JOSKPH BRECK & CO GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of dilferpnl sizes, hung on friction rollers 9 moved wilh a fool Header, is lound to he a great iinpro' menl on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hu in this manner are hecoming daily more in use, and where' used, give universal satislaclion. The rollers can he atiai ed lo stones hung in ihe common way. For sale by BRECK & Co., No. 61 ISorlh Market street. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for testi the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not pi within sixty days. pj. B. — FoBlmnstera are permitted by law to frank eabscriplions and remittances for newspapers, willw expense to subscribers. TVTTLE AHD DENKETT, PRIHTEKSt 81 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH M.\RKET STREET, (Aoricultural Warehouse.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. >L..XX[I.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1843. [NO. II. N. E. FARMER. KELP, SEA-WEED, &c. AS MANURE. It, i.s to the presence of various salts of soda tliat i-weed owes its fertilizing qualities, for when y are washed out, the residuum is nearly inert, burning these weeds, the kelp and barilla of iimerce are formed. The Suffolk and the Kent- farmers, as well as some of the Scotch, employ sea-weed in its freshest state, either plowing nio the ground, or spreading it on the top of ir heaps of compost. The first plan, however, ave over seen productive of the best effects ; I in that conclusion I am supported by the expe- ice of many excellent farmers. riie salt turf of the sea-shore has been long d in many parts of England as an excellent ina- e, especially for potatoes ; and according to Dr. Hand, even the salt mud of the Mersey, is ex- sively used for the same crop, at the rale of 20 3 per acre. "The ground thus manured not y giyes a large produce of potatoes, but is in a .e of excellent preparation for a succeeding crop Mther wheat or barley. The adoption of this ctice has increased very greatly the value of d about Weston." Phere can be no doubt of the advantage of using sea-weed or sea-turf, in the freshest possible e, after it has been covered with the salt water, jy a spring tide. The Cornish farmers, when yr fetch the calcareous sand from the sea-beach, careful to obtain it as much wetted with the . water as possible ; and tliere are in the juices other components of marine plants, a variety ngredients which must produce the most hixu- it effects upon vegetation growing at a distance n the sea ; and their constituents are peculiarly ious to the vermin with which all cultivated a abound. If this conclusion be correct, then mode adopted by the Isle of Thanet and Suf- ; farmers, of collecting the aea-weed into heaps, suffering it to putrefy, is decidedly wrong ; by being thus decomposed, half its fertilizing ues are lost to the soil. The common reason rendering dung putrid before it is Spread, viz. I it is necessary to kill the seeds of weeds, has application here, for those of marine weeds will grow on arable upland soils. Phe use of sea-weed as a manure, in the isles fersey and Guernsey, has been very extensive, n time immemorial. Thus, in a work on Jer- , by the Rev. Philip Fallc, published in 1694, observes that " Nature having denied us the efit of chiilk, lime and marl, has supplied us !i what fully answers the end of them in hus- dry — it is a sea-weed, but a weed more vahia- to us than the choicest plant that grows in our dens. We call it i-rnic, (varec,) in ancient re- Is verisctim, and sometimes wiecum, and it ws on the rocks about the island. It is gather- ^nly at certain times appointed by the magis- e and signified to tho people by a public crier, 1 market day. There are two seasons for cut- ; it, the one in summer, the other about the ver- nal equinox. The summer vruic being first well dried by the sun on tho sea-shore, serves fur fuel, and makes a Jiot, glowing fire ; but the ashes are a great improvement to the soil, and are equal al- most to a like quantity of lime. The winter vrnic being spread thin on the green turf, and afterwards buried in the furrows by the plow, it is incredible how Willi its fat unctious substance it ameliorates the ground, imbibing itt^elf into it, softening the clod, and keeping the root of the grain moist dur- ing the most parching heats of summer. In stormy weather, the sea does often tear up from the rocks vast quantities of this weed, and casts it on the shore, where it is carefully gathered up by the glad husbandman." The application of kelp as a manure, has engag- ed the serious attention of the farmers on the shores of Scotland, and a committee was sometime since appointed by the Highland Society of Scot- land to report upon its pretensions. The following is from their report : " Your committee are unwilling to offer any the- oretical opinion as to the way in which kelp may operate as a manure. Prom the quantity of alkali which it contains, it may naturally be expected to operate by rendering the animal and vegetable matter soluble, and a fit food for plants ; but, from the series of facts to be noticed, kelp would seem to possess other qualities as a manure. Although it may be beneficially applied as a dressing by it- self, yet the committee are at present inclined to think that, with a view to raising of green crops, it would be better to mix it in compost with other substances. The selection of these must depend npon what the farmer can furnish ; but the com- mittee think that good earth or moss will form a good compost, and if to this mixture can be added a little vegetable or animal manure, a beneficial result can be relied on. In this way, a few tons of kelp would enable a farmer to extend his farm dung over at least four times the quantity of land." The relative value of kelp as a manure, may be estimated from the following experiments, made in the neighborhood of Edinburgh. A field owned by a Mr Hutchinson, was selected, which had been in wheat in the year lb38, hence it was in some measure in an exhausted state. Upon one ridge of this field there was sown at the rate of 12 cwt. of kelp (of commerce) per acre; on a second, at the rate of 10 cwt. per acre ; and on a third, at the rate of 4 cwt. per acre. Two other ridges were manured with the best cow and horse dung, at the rate of 20 tons per acre, and the whole was sown with wheat late in the spring of 1829. The two ridges which had got the greatest quantity of kelp were equal to that which had the dung, and the ridge which had got the smallest vuantity, was de- cidedly superior to the others. Similar experi- ments were made upon the same field, by sowing barley after the previous crop of wheat ; the result was, that the barley manured with the kelp was, according to the estimate of the tenant and his steward, a much heavier crop than after an applica- tion of horse and cow-dung, and that the ridge with the smallest quantity of kelp appeared to give the heaviest crop. Turnips, manured with kelp at the rate of one ton per acre, were found fully equal in quantity to those which had been manured with dung. No description of fertilizer, perhaps, can be nam- ed, which freshens, as the fanners say, an over- cropped soil so much, as a dressing of fr(mi 20 to 25 loads per acre of the turf from the sea-shore, soaked with sea-water : and no plant delights in Iresh soil so much as the potato. It is, therefore, more than probable, that the excretions of the com- monly cultivated grain crops are peculiarly noxious to this plant ; and it is certain that the potato, by the deposite which it leaves in tho soil, renders it distasteful to the crop by which it is succeeded. 'I'hus the wheat plant rarely looks well on soils where the potato has immediately preceded it. Saline fertilizers, in these cases, are sure to be serviceable, for they unite with, and neutralize the effects, as well as promote the decomposition of, the excretory matters which all plants deposite in the soil. — Johnson's Far. Encydop. Experiments and Observntians on the Production of Butter. — We find in the Tran.sactions of the Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland, an in- teresting account, by Professor Trail, of eight se- ries of experiments in the prodnction of butter. They occupy ten pages, but we have room only for the principal results. 1. That the addition of some cold water during churning, facilitates the process, or the separation of the butter, especially when the cream is thick and the »veather hot. 2. That cream alone is more easily churned than a mixture of cream and milk. 3. That the butter produced from sweet cream has the finest flavor when fresh, and appears to keep longest without acquiring rancidity ; but that the buttermilk so obtained, is poor and small in quantity. [Nothing neto in all that.] 4. That scalding of the cream, according to the Devonshire method, yields the largest quantity of butter ; which, if intended for immediate use, is agreeable to the palate and readily saleable ; hut if intended to be sailed, is most liable to acquire, by keeping, a rancid flavor. The process of scald- ing is troublesome ; and the milk, after the removal of the cream, is poor, and often would be unsalea- ble, from the taste it has acquired from the heat- ing. 5. That churning the milk and cream together, after they have become slightly acid, seems to be the most economical process on the whole, because it yields a large quantity of excellent butter, and the buttermilk is of a good quality. [The latter article is probably more valued in Scotland than with us.] fi. That the keeping of butter in a sound state, appears to depend on its being obtained as free from uncoinbined albumen, or casein, and water, as it can be, by means of washing and working the butter when taken from the churn. — American Ag- riculturist. 82 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, SEPT. 13, 1843. REARING OF CALVES. We take tlie folloivinj extracts from spocchea made at the annual meeting of the Yorkshire (Eng.) AgriciiUiiral Society : Earl Spencer saiJ, that one of the groat objects of this Society, and one of the matters which ren- dered it useful to the country, was the bringing to. to the age at which a heifer slionid breed, in his j blood than others ; for instance, a good cuddcr opinion, It ought not to breed before it was two and a half years old. lie thought it would be im- prudent to allow a heifer to breed before that age, and he thought if the breeding was delayed beyond that time, the animal would be most likely to get so fat as not to breed at all. With respect to the next question, his practice gether practical men to discuss the subject of their j^^j njways been with calves born previous to the farming proceedings, and thus impart to one anoth- er the information which each was enabled to give. Though he claimed for himself, in a certain de- gree, the name of a practical farmer, especially in the rearing of stock, yet he had not the vanity to put himself in comparison with those who had been brought up to farming from their youth. He had EUgf;ested last year, that one subject for discussion at this meeting, should be the rearing of calves. It was a subject to which he had paid the greatest attention, and therefore it would only be consider- ed right that he should begin the discussion on the present occasion. He should begin by stating what his practice had been on the subject. He had two farms of a very different description. One of them was at Wieston, in Nottinghamshire, where he had scarce- ly any good lam! ; his other was in Northampton- shire, where he had scarcely any bad land. He reared calves on both farms, and the treatment he gave them was, of course, very difficult, but they produced an equal result of success. He thought it right to state what these results had been. At this time last year, he had 103 cows and heifers old enough to breed from; the produce of which had been S.'i calves during the year, 80 of which were now alive. On his farm in Northamptonshire, he had only UO cows at the same time last year, old enough to breed from, the produce of which was 14 calves, all of which were now alive. He was afraid that some would say that thrs was an expensive practice ; but he still thought that if bred upon poor land, that practice which produced a large number of healthy calves was the one which ought to be adopted. His practice in Not- tinghamshire was, that in the first three months the calves should be kept upon new milk; the next month upon new milk and skim milk ; and the next three months upon skim milk mixed with boiled linseed. After six months, his calves were put entirely upon grass, and in winter upon turnips. There was another question which, although not directly, might indirectly be considered in refe- rence to this subject, and that was, whether the system of breeding in-and-in was good. He de- nied that that was a iiiischievous principle, and he could speak from his own experience on the sub- ject. Since he had adopted that plan, during the last fourteen years, he had raised more calves in proportion to the number of his cows than former- ly. The constitution of his calves was better — he had fewer deaths — and more calves. That was his success during the last fourteen years, not- withstanding the breeding in.and-in system which he had practiced. He did not believe there was any peculiar merit in the system — but he did think there was not any positive disadvantage if it was done with judgment. Mr Henry Colman, a gentleman from America, here proposed a scries of questions bearing upon the rearing of calves, to which Earl Spencer replied. Mr Colman had put three end of June, to turn them out to grass. If calved before the Inlter end of snmmer, or the beginning of autumn, he turned them out to grass next sum- mer; but if calved in the spring, he turned them out immediately. He did not allow the calf to suck beyond two or three days — he thought it de- sirable that the calf should remain with the cow two or three days, during which period the calf was licked by its parent, and this was exceedingly beneficial to it. After that process the general rule was to take the calf away, and give it some new milk — not to let it suck. He had tried the other method, but found the calves were always more backward when taken from sucking, than when taken from new milk. Mr E. B. Beaumont next rose, and offered a few observations on the plan which he adopts in rear- ing calves. With regard to the breeding in-and- in, he attributed the success which had attended Lord Spencer, not to the principle of in-and-in breeding, but to his lordship's own care and man- agement. Whether or not his lordship had had success in in-and-in breedins', he was sure they would all agree that his lordship had, out-and-out, the best stock in the country. masticator. Those that give bloody milk are ( that class. If you will observe their milk veinii you will find them unusually large — showing lliei are ton much forced by the overflow of blood, ai all milk proceeds from blood. In the course of my practice as a veterinary sui geon and cow-leech in Lincolnshire, England, I al tended a great many cows giving bloody n'ill The disease is very dangerous on that rich soil, a, It often turns to milk fever, commonly called dowr< fall, rendering the cow unable to get up whe down. Cure. — Copious bleeding in the neck-vein, an drench with 1-4 pound of dissolved alum in 1 qua of water, and add to it 1 quart of stale wine. DAVID DICKINSON, Veterinary Surgeon and Cow Leech. Louisville, Ky. BLOODY MILK. Below we publish three answers to a call of a subscriber for suggestions for the cure of cows that give bloody milk. The first is from a practi- cal farmer in this vicinity. — Louisville Jour. Messrs. Editors — T send the following recipe for cows that give bloody or slippery milk. I have always immediately relieved them by giving them (say morning and evening,) a piece of poke-root, (or as it is called in the Eastern States, garget root,) about as big as a man's thumb. They will readily oat it , by cutting open a potato and slip- ping the root into it. Yours, &c. C. Messrs. EitUors — In answer to the inquiry con- cerning bloody milk, in your paper, I would say, bloody milk in cows is generally the result of irri- tating and acrimonious food. If the udder seems to be influenced, is iriitable and tender to the touch, yeast and soapsuds applied warm, will bo useful. If it is swelled and hard, the smoke of burnino' loaf suirar will often be a relief. The blood should be milked out three times every day, or be evacuated by making incisions with a knife. Marsh mallow fherba altheaj common mallow (her- ba mulvae,) with giniiber salts, or common salt, in large quantities, gentle exercise and good teed, are usually effective remedies. A change of pas- ture sometimes will efi'ect a cure. Bloody milk is not of itself a disease. The farmer has the power of preventing it by good food. E. HEERINGEN, Veterinary Surgeon. Louisville, Aug. 4. questions to him, which he would answer accord ing to his experience and practice. With respect ' in general has been rank. Messrs. Editors — This season has been very rainy. Vegetation took place early, and the grass Some cows make more From the Massachusetts Spy. AN ANT FIGHT. Mr Editor — Whilst rambling in the fields, I wi nessed a scene of interest, one which I think got- far to demonstrate that some insects possess reii soning faculties. The incident referred to, was pitched battle between two near republics of ants- the bone of contention evidently being the posse sion of a grasshopper, which lay crushed midwi between two hills, which were some twenty fe apart. When first seen, the combatants were clusten around the object of contest, grappling each olli with their mandibles, spirting venom, and exerci ing various maiicEuvres incident to a hand to liar fight. Suddenly, a cessation of hostilities wi. agreed upon, and the combatants left the fiel each party returning to its re.-ipective hill, leavii nine of their number outside the works, who imm' diately mounted each a tall blade of grass, seen ing to act as sentries, which in fact was their o fice, for, upon one of the hills suddenly poiirc forth myriads of tiny warriors. They descendt from the look-outs, and went into the ciladc which, in its turn, sent forth a martial throng. One body emerged from its sally ports withoi any regard for order, till a space of some three i four feet had been passed over, when they dcplo; ed to the right and left, till they formed an extent ed front of 6 feet, their right resting on the ban of a small pool, and the left on a rock about S inches high. The opposite party in coming forti exhibited a more finished disposition. From thri outlets, they advanced in couples and trins, alte iiately, each trio moving in a direct line for tl centre of their opponents' line, and halting whe within three feet; the couples proceeding on a angle drawn from their hill, to the extrenje rigl and left of their foes. The right couplets took i a position on a small knoll about 5 feet from tl enemy's rock, and two in rear of the trios, whi the left continued its march until the pool cause a halt. An immediate retrogade movement toe place, and the body posted itself in line, extendiii from the right of the trios, (and forming a triang with it,) to the bank of the pool. Both parties no remained stationary a few moments ; then, strikin their heads violently on the ground, and raisin themselves erect, the trios rushed to the fight, tl couplets remaining stationary. The movement i the trios was met by an immediate advance of tl right and left of the line, (the centre gallant! VOL. XXII. NO. II. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 83 .intaining its ground,) .is if attempting to gain J trios' rear. This attempt, lionever, v/as foiled tlie couplets opposing lliem, and tiie fight be- ne general. As either party gained the ascen- ncy, there would be a running, or rather tuinb- g flight all over the field of battle, xvhich eni- iced an area of 20 feet square. Occasionally as : tide of battle left one portion of the ground, jusands might be seen writhing in agony from ! loss of a limb or Hiitcnnae. After a hard fight GH minutes, the trios and conplet.s were victori- 3, pursuing the vanijuished into their fortress, en rapine seemed to be the order of the day. le nests of their antagonists were torn to pieces, J their eggs and young borne off triumphant to ! conquerors' fortress. The battle ground now exhibited a picture, an ict counterpart in miniature, of other fields of iry. But what interested me most was the ope- ions of their surgeons and their assistants — (now n't smile incredulous.) There was in tliat in- t army a regular staff of officers, in their own :uliar uniforms, and surgeons and their atten- its. On the leaves of a large thistle, wliich 3 spread on the ground, a body of ants, with enish fore-bodies and red antennnc, were gath- d together and eridently conversing, for they uld occasionally touch each other on various ts of their bodies with their antenna;, and when touched, the individual would start off to the d of battle, and running among the stragglers 1 wounded for a few moments, return ; and in 11, toucli some other one, who started off on the le errand. \ few inches from this body, on a neighboring f, were a body of grim, black-looking fellows, whom hundreds of the common soldiers were gging the wounded and dying: wherever a b had been severed from the body, or a wound icled, the black surgeon would deposit a drop fluid from its moulh, and then the patient was gged into the citadel. Night had now nearly in, and, with reluctance, I was obliged to quit scene. Yours, &c. H. M. PAINE. Value of Corn Fodder. — A writer in the last nher of Hunt's Magazine, has the following re- rk in relation to a peculiar product of industry, which, no doubt, the stalks, as well ns the blades Indian corn are included. " The census of the itcd States omits several products of industry, aggregate value of which would make no in- nificant addition to the total amount. Among ise are the blades of Indian corn, an excellent der for horses or cattle, and which, estimating nty pounds for every bushel of grain, amounts 3,775,000 tons, worth thirtysevcn million seven idred and fifty thousand dollars." Stimulant! of Great Men. — It is interesting to ice the diflerent articles used by eminent men, stimulants to the mental faculties. It is inter- ng as showing how diametrically opposite means y, in different systems, produce the same effect, I how much the mind eympathizes with the body. Her drank plentifully of water when lie wished great activity of the brain : Fox, for the same pose, used brandy. The stimulants of Newton 1 Hobbes were the fumes of tobacco : those of 3e and Fontenelle, strong cofTee. Dr. Johnson, jne period of his life, was a great wine-drinker, but in the latter part of it, found strong tea a g»od substitute. Don Jnan is said to have been written under the influence of gin and water; and it is re- ported that a certain legal lord, of great learning and talent, plies himself hard with port when he wi.-ihes to shine. Pitt was a great drinker of wine ; Sheridan, also, was fond of his bottle. Dr. Paris tells us, that when Mr Dunning wished to make an extraordinary display of eloquence, he always put a blister on his chest a few hours before he was to speak, in order that it might irritate the brain by sympathy during his speech. — Selected. LUCERNE. Lucerne is an artificial grass, which affords a larger produce of fodder than any other species of artificial grass. 'J'his valuable grass is best cultivated on a good, dry, warm, barley soil ; it is not adapted for heavy or wet soils, lieing a deep- rooted plant, it requires a soil that is free. It should be sown on hind perfectly clean, with (or best without) a crop of grain. The last of April is a good time to sow it. Extreme cold destroys it. By frequent top-dressings (for which gypsum, ashes, &c. arc excellent,) the profitable duration of this crop may be extended to eight or ten years, giving during that period, on an average, three or four cuttings per annum. It should always be cut before the appearance of the blossom. It may be made into hay, although much belter adapted for soiling — (that is, fed as cut.) By this plan, an acre will, upon an average, produce fodder for two horses, from the time of the first cutting till Octo- ber. It is admirably adapted for milch cows, and is relished by all live-stock. In cutting for a cow, it will always be advisa- ble to take the plant when it is tender and juicy, and such it will be when about a foot high. I have thus cut my plot over six times after the first year. But they who leave the plants to grow two feet high, will find the stems rigid, and less juicy, and that what they gain in bulk will be lost in time and quality. Lucerne is known to produce much milk, per- haps more than any oilier of the artificial grosses ; but some complain that it communicates a bitter flavor. I doubt the fact, but would always recom- mend that it be not given quite fresh to a cow, particularly at an early period after calving. If the required quantity be cut over night, it will be fit for the stall by ten o'clock of the following morn- ing, and again the afternoon meal should bo expos- ed to the sun for two or three hours before it is used. Lucerne maybe estimated as the choicest of all fodder, because it lasts many years, will bear cut- ting down four, five or six times a year, enriches the land on which it grows, will fatteu cattle, and often proves a remedy for the diseased. — Johnson^s Far. Encyctop. "Several years since, while residing in the State of Maine, (says the editor of the Zanesville Gazette,) we made several experiments with lu- cerne, which satisfied us that the most favorable soil for it is a deep, sandy loam ; and as the allu- vial soils on this river (the Ohio,) are generally of this character, we la.st spring resolved on giving it a fair trial here. We procured from Boston a small quantity of seed, which was sown the last week in May. As the soil had been badly man- aged for several years prcTioiis, we had feared that the great growth of weeds would check and smoth- er the lucerne, and to guard against this, and get a chance to extirpate the weeds, we sowed the seed in drills. " In the latter part of the month of July, the lu- cerne had reached the height of i8 inches on an average, and had considerably blossomed. We cut it and fed it green, partly to hogs and partly to milch cows ; — both ate it voraciously. In just four weeks from the time it was cut, it had again grown to nearly the same height as before, and was cut a second time — and on the first of Novem- ber it was cut a third time, the crop bein^ heavier than either of the preceding. A piece of common red clover (very flourishing) immediately adjoining, the soil precisely similar, did not yield nearly hittf as much, in proportion, as the lucerne. " We have no doubt that it may be cut five times another year, and will yield at the rate of a ton and a half of Aa^ to the acre at each cutting." Camphine Oil. — The Boston Courier says : " We learn from a gentleman who has curiosity enough to take note of such occurrences, that fortyseven deaths have been caused by the accidental explo- sion of the camphine oil." According to this statement, people might as well burn gunpowder candles — or what say you to bunches of Chinese crackers, hung over the tea- table .' Nearly all the improvements of the age, from banks down to Croton water pipes, have this objectionable tendency to blow up. Our civiliza- tion is decidedly of the Vulcanian order, and the march of mind is too often at the ^expense of its own tabernacle, the body. The general order ought to be, "stand from under!" whenever a man announces a great invention. — Chnrleston Mercury. Fine Wool. — The Ithaca (N. Y.) Chronicle says that Messrs. L. A. & H. K. Morrell, who own a flock of two thousand Saxons, have disposed of the whole clip at fifty cents per lb. The lot was pur- chased for a prominent manufacturing establish- ment in this city. The fleeces averaged 5 1-2 lbs. per head. Last year, the Messrs. Morrell obtain- ed only 45 1-2 cents for their wools. — Bost. Mas. How to Ruiti a Son. — Let hiin have his own way — allow him free use of money — suflTer him to rove where he pleases on the Sabbath day — do not inquire into the character of his companions — call him to no account for his evenings — .furnish him with no stated employment. Pursue this course, and you will experience a most marvellous deliverance, if you have not to mourn over a de- based and ruined child. Thousands have realized the sad result, and have gone mourning to their graves. — Presbyterian. Toads. — Never destroy tim toad. In the season of bugs and flies, a toad will do more towards the preservation of a garden, than a man, and all that he requires at your hands for this valuable assis- tance, is the freedom of your garden walks and beds, and the paltry shelter of a chip or turf. He meddles with no one's business but his own — con- stantly avoiding company, and intent only on ex. tirpating those voracious insects by whose jaws the beauty of the garden is so frequently laid low. — Maine Cult. It is said that Gov. Shelby, of Kentucky, has a hundred acre field of corn that will average 100 bushels to the acre. 84 NEW" ENGLAND FARMER SEPT. 13, 18 4 3. SPEECH OF MR COLMAN AT THE DIN- NER OF THE HIGHLAND AGRICULIU- RAL SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND. Tlie great animal Show of tliii Society, took place at Dundee on the 8th and 9th of August. The grand dinner took place on the 9th, the Duke of Richmond in the chair. After a number of toasts and speeches, the chairman gave — " The distinguished visitors who have honored us with their presence." Our fellow-countryman, Henry Colman, Esq., rose and said : My Lord Duke: — I fcrl myself greatly honored by being called upon to join in the festivities of the evening. I am delighted to find myself among the enlightened and accomplished farmers of Scot- land— among the most enlightened and the most accomplished farmers in the world. Sinclair's Husbandry of Scotland was among my earliest ag- ricultural reading; and this, together with the pub- lications of the Highland Agricultural Society, among the most valuable ever given to the world, uniting, in an eminent degree, " science with prac- tice," have made me always strongly desirous of seeing Scotland. To my great regret, I passed through the Lothians by night — (I mean to see them by broad daylight) — but the gardening from Edinburgh to Leith, and the agriculture, since leaving the Firth of Forth, until I reached the Tay, have more than realized my expectations. I have seen a great deal of good farming in both hen)is- pherea ; but in exactness and neatness of cultiva- tion, in the richness of the crops, and the beauty of fields waving with their golden treasure, and in the admirable condition of the fences and the farm buildings within this district, I have never seen this farmi.'ig surpassed. It is often sneeringly asked — excuse me for say- ing by blockheads — what has science done, or what has science to do with agriculture ? I an- swer, all that its friends claim for it. To science and philosophy are directly due the in)proved con- dition and productiveness of these fields. Science is the observation and aocuniulation of facts ; phi- losophy is the wise and judicious application of these facts to practice. The high and improved condition of those fields, the improved implements employed in their cultivation and management, the construction of the farm buildings and appurtenan- ces, the improvement of the live stock kept upon them, the application of labor and capital, and the whole arrangements, so as to bring about a profita- ble result, are all the work of wisdom, gathered from the only true source of wisdom — experience and observation. If the hand has labored success- fully, it is only because it has been directed by a ■wise and enlightened mind. Wherever the mind works, there is science. The more the mind is improved, the more agriculture must be improved. And no art, when we consider its various details and relations, presents so wide a field for scientific inquiry ; no one, in its bearings upon human im- provement and comfort, is more worthy to occupy the highest powers of the most gifted intellect. What I desire is, to see the profession of agricul- ture occupying its proper place among the humane and liberal professions ; not merely as a servile drudgery, not as a matter of mere trade, of pecu- niary calculation — for these are low views of its character — but as a profession and art, in so claim, ing the aid and contributions of all the branches of natural science, and its bearings upon individu- al and social virtue and hapi)iness, so full of moral and religious cotisideralions. as to render it, as a pursuit of life, worthy of the best men and the best minds. I claim for an enlightened and improved agriculture a place among the highest pursuits of philanthropy. In its proper character, no pursuit is more beneficial. Its true end is to multiply the productions of the earth. In proportion as these are increased, human happiness, and consequently human improvement, are best provided for. I received a letter from abroad, a few days since, from a gentleman, congratulating himself upon the prospect of a short crop, because, as he said, it would increase prices. I have no sympathy with such sentiments. I detest them. I should be glad to see bread as plentiful as the ancient manna, though I should be sorry to see it attainable in any case without labor ; and I trust I may profes^ my creed without giving offence to any party, which is, to make bread cheap by increased production. This will secure to the landlord his rent, to the tenant his profits, and to the poor man his supply. What seems to me, as a passing traveller through your rich, beautiful and magnificent country, most to demand the attention of the influential and pow. erful, is the condition of the laboring classes. In a Christian country, abounding in wealth and knowledge, no honest, sober, and industrious man should ever be compelled to suffer for the food which is needful to sustain his body, or the bread of wisdom and life, which may feed his mind and soul. IJut his physical necessities must be sup. plied before you can provide, with any success, for his moral and intellectual wants. In passing through your beautiful country since I crossed the Firth, I was delighted to see the improved condi- tion, in thiMr external appearance, of the new cot- tages, compared with that of some of the old, which are etill standing. This is as it should be. The man who, by his toil and sweat, under the blessing of heaven, brings bread from the earth, upon the plainest principles of common justice, as well as every consideration of humanity, should have the full share of the fruits of his own labor. The condition of society is portentous. Ava- rice and ambition are still rife enough in every de- partment of life ; but I think men are every where waking up to a sense of the inalienable rights of humanity, and great minds are every where becom- ing conscious of their great duties to mankind. Do not let us linger behind the age, nor impede this great movement. The noblest purpose that can actuate the mind, is a purpose of benevolence ; and the sentiment which, above all others, refresh- es and elevates it, is the consciousness of duty performed. You, my Lord Duke, in the course of a life which has not been long, have been called to great duties, and to arduous and perilous exer- tions. Now you will pardon me for saying, that which I cannot doubt, that when the field of battle has been won by your valor, the pleasure which then filled your bosom was not in chasing a flying and terrified enemy, nor in waving the ensigns of victory over fields crimsoned with blood and strew- ed with the dying and the dead. O! no — but you then found your richest pleafure in having per- formed what you deemed your duty to your coun- try, in breaking the rod of the oppressor, and in vindicating the rights and liberties of mankind ; so, ton, my Lord, in the patriotic and generous de- votion of your time and talents to win a more hum- ble field, and to achieve victories, not by the sword but by the plow, your highest gratification, and that of your higliminded associates will be fonn( not in any mere triumphs of art or skill, not in an selfish or merely pecuniary accumulations, but i multiplying and improving the productions of th earth to the widest extent, by all the appliance of industry, art, and science, that so the geners and universal comfort and happiness of all classes of thoso who must take care of themselves, and c those whom others must take care of, may be ever where promoted. My Lords and Gentlemen — I beg leave to ex press my deep admiration of the success of th Highland Agricultural Society, as witnessed in th splendid exhibition of this day — to repeat m thanks for the kindness with which I have bee received, and to express the wish that those " h live by the field may see that there is always plor ty of bread and plenty of clothing, and plenty < kindness, for the honest and industrious labore and — what I believe has never been wanting i Scotland — a free and useful education for his cliiU ren. NEW METHOD OF MAKING MANURE. The subject of increasing their store of manure is wisely occupying much of the attention of tf farmers, for they find them indispensable in an in proved system of agriculture. The following e) tract is taken from the ''Farirer's Mine of Wealtl or .Manure and Tillage ;" a very valuable wor'< h Mr Hermance, just published by Saxton & Mile It gives a somewhat novel method of making mn nure ; and by strictly following it, the farmer wi find that he can greatly incrfase his resources, an work up into fertilizing matter what has hitherl been considered mere rubbish, and greatly in h way. For full particulars, and the benefits of th process, we must refer to the work itself. — Jlme^ ^igricult. " 1. Form your barn-yard with a gradual df scent to one side, so that the liquid formed by th rains will flow gently to that side. Make the bo tom as hard and smooth as possible, that there ma be little or no waste by soaking into the eartl Arrange your stables, hog-pen, iSic, in such ordc- as to throw all the litter and manure into the ypri 9. Sink'a vat or reservoir at the lower side n the yard, of sufficient capacity to contain the juic of the yard. The most common form of the vat i six feet width by three feet depth, and twelve fcE or more in length, according to the size of th yard, and the amount of liquor flowing from i When the vat is more than twelve feet in lengtl It will be best to divide it by partitions into two o three parts, so that if at any time you want to us only part of the liquor, yon can do so without an inconvenience. It will be farther desirable t have the vat so connected with the yard, that whe once full, and you have commenced your manufac ture, if additional rains come before you shall hav completed your heap, you can present the liqni so formed from running into your vat, either b keeping it back in the yard, or by turning it i another direction. 3. In this vat mix the following ingredients a nearly as you can, without actual measurement o weight : to every barrel of liquid add 4 lbs. o stone lime just slacked, 4 lbs. wood ashes, of gi oi quality and dry, or an equivalent of leached ashes or 1-4 lb. of potash ; 1-4 lb. of salt, or its e.juiva lent of old brine; 2 ozs. of saltpetre; 20 lbs. piasi ter of Paris, or mud, or muck; 10 lbs. of excre OU. SXII. NO. II. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 85 [Its from the privy, or 20 lbs. of horse manure. | fertility of the soil, they should be taken as much X these injrrcdier.ts thoroughly with the liquid care of as money, fur tlicy are certainly most valu- able. The following tabic contains a statement of the :lie vat, and if the vat contains one hundred bar increase the above ingredients a hundred fold vill bo well to mix these ingredients a few days quantity of potash contained in some of the com- )re you lay up your heap, and stir them every — but this is not essential. )m the upper side of the vat lay the foundation the heap, by placing poles or rails, with one to the vat, and the other extending from it, ut two feet opart ; on these lay other poles iswise, (precisely as we do the foundation for a k of hay or grain,) to keep the straw from the jnd, and that the liquid may flow freely be- Ih. . Having everything prepared, commence lay- up the heap, by placing a layer of straw, weeds, ks, or whatever you have at hand, on the foun- on of the poles, to the thickness of a foot. You find great advantage from throwing materials ou collect them, into the yard, and letting the le tread on them, until they are thoroughly .en and wet When the layer is a foot thick, up the ingredients in the vat, and with a pail ther vessel, thoroughly wet the layer on the a. Place another layer on the first, of the e thickness, wet as before, and thus continue, I you have raised the heap as high as you wish ly from six to ten feet. Be careful at every ing to stir up the ingredients from the bottom le vat. When finished, cover the heap with jettlings in the bottom of the vat, or with any T else at hand — common earth will answer. If thp heap consist of straw, weeds, and the it will require wetting every fourth day. If have used much peat, muck, or earth, with the ■V, water once a week. To water the heap, e holes with an iron bar, or other instrument, le top of it, from eight to twelve inches apart, extending downward about to the middle ; then the liquid in the vat, and pour it into the holes 1 the whole mass is saturated ; finally, close fioles. At every watering make new holes, ive the heap three waterings when made of V, and it will be fit for nse in fifteen days from ;ime of laying it up ; when much mud or muck been added, thirty days. ^heii it is desired to manufacture this kind of ure in place.s where barn-yard liquid cannot -■adily obtained, river, spring, or pond water answer the same purpose for wetting the heaps le barn-yard liquid, by increasing in a small ortion the ingredients for the mixture, as giv- 1 section 3, and adding iheni to it." mon trees and plants: — 10,000 parts of Oak, Elm, 15 39 18 55 7 5.5 C2 ]9(i 730 275 aoo ODASMES, COAL-ASHRS, SOOT, PEAT ASHES, ''ood-ashes contain, in a greater or less degree, l.he more essential elements, or substances h form the food of plants, except ammonia; Ither all those which are not abundantly sup- i by the atmosphere. The most abundant of ; are polaah and earthy phosphates. The quan- jf these, however, is very variable in the ashes ifferent plan's. Those produced by beeeh- I contain about one-fifth part of phosphates, 3 those of the oak yield scarcely any phos- !S. The powerful elfect of wood-ashes in oting the growth of clover of every kind, is known. In Germany, no other manure is for grass lands, and by these they are kept e highest state of productiveness. Consider- ow indispensable they are to keep up the " lieecli, " Vine, '■' Poplar, " Thistle, " Fern, " Cow-thistle, " Wormwood, " Vetches, " Beans, The ashes produced from the leaves of irees con- tain much more potash than those of the twigs and branches, and those of the latter more than those of the trunk of the tree; while the ashes of the two latter contain the most phosphate and carbon- ate of lime. The quantity of potash in the leaves varies very much with the season of the year, be- ing greatest in the spring and least in the autumn. In some parts of England it is the practice to burn the stubble for the sake of the benefit afford- ed to the succeeding crop by the ashes ; and it is a very common practice upon the continent. Con- sidering the value of straw for litter, this must be a practice of very doubtful wisdom; and where the stubble is not cut for litter, it must, when plowed down, ultimately aflTord to the land all that the ashes contain, and something more. Coal ashes are generally available to farmers, and there are few situations in which they are not beneficial, especially to clover and grass crops ; and a consideration of the substances they contain will readily account for the effect they produce. Besides the earthy and imperfectly burnt coaly matter of which they principally consist, they also contain sulphate of lime, with some potash and so- da, all of which are known, when applied separate- ly, to produce a good effect on clover crops, and to favor the production of white clover particularly. They are, in fact, an important part of the food of all grasses. Peat is often within the farmer's reach, and whenever it is, may bo turned to very good account either to burn for the ashes, to apply directly to soils deficient in vegetable matter, or for the pre- servation and augmentation of the compost heap. The as/iei o/ ;ea< differ very much in value, as they are poor or rich in saline matter ; and in some situations they are the only manure used for the turnip crop, at the rate of from thirty to fifty bush- els per acre. Soot must have a powerful efl^ect as a manure, from the large quantity of ammonia it contains. It is extensively used as a top-dressing, spread by hand, at the rate, on seeds and pasture, of twenty to thirty, and on wheat, barley and turnips from forty to fortyfive bushels per acre. It is, however, more generally employed on wheat, and is considered one of the most powerful top-dressings for that crop with which we are acquainted ; and experi- ments have shown its power to be materially in- creased by an admixture of one-fourth of common salt ; more particularly when laid upon pasture land, the grass of which soon after assumes a growth of much increased luxuriance. Though it has almost always been used as a top-dressing, it is probable that it would have a greater effect if used as a compost wrJi other substances by means of the drill ; and has in that manner been success. fully employed in the cultivation of potatoes, by an eminent farmer in Gloucestershire, We perceive, also, that, in a recent comparative experiment on difl'crent manures for the growth of carrots, 54 bushels of soot and G of salt, produced larger crops of both the Altringham and White Belgian sp.-cies, than 24 tons of stable manure and 24 bushels of bones — Falliner's Farmer's Manual. From the American Agriculturist. MILKING QUALITIES OF DURHAM COWS. Dear Sir — The following statement I am indue- ed to communicate, to show the value of Durham stock for dairy purposes. A gentleman in this vi- cinity is the owner of two cows only ; one a full blood Durham, seven or eight years old, and the other a four-year-old, seven-eighths Durham heiter. He informs me he kept an accurate account of their produce in milk and butter for thirty days. The result was as follows : 108 lbs. of butter, be- sides supplying a family of five persons with new- milk and cream for ordinary family use and nine quarts of new milk daily for a calf. The average weight of milk per day, from the oldest cow, was 68 lbs., and from the heifer 60 lbs., during the thir- ty days. One of the cows the gentleman purchas- ed from the writer of this article. This statement may be relied upon as substantially correct. I he cows were kept on pasture oii/y. This experiment was made at the suggestion of a brother of the owner of the cow, who resides at the east, when he waa visiting at his house, as he had doubts as to the superiority of Durhams over the native stock for the dairy. The result satis- fied him that he was mistaken. Troy, July 17, 1S43. GEO. VAIL. ^^verage Mortality of Mankind. — The population of the whole earth has been variously estimated at between eight hundred thousand and a million mil- lions of souls. According to the English Pocket Diary, if we fix upon an intermediate number, say 946,080,000, and assign 30 years for the continu- ance of each generation, we shall find that the " children of men " come into the world and go out of it at the following average: Every second, 1 " minute, fiO " hour, 3,600 " day, 24 hours, 86,400 " week, 7 days, 004,800 " month, 30 days, 2,592,000 " year, 3(i5 days, 32,530,000 " generation, 30 years, 946,080,000 It thus appears tliat every stroke of a pendulum ushers a human being into existence, and heralds the departure of another to " that bourne from whence no traveller returns." Our ambassador, Mr Everett, in his speech at the dinner of the Royal Agricultural Society, said, " He believed that if one thousandth part of the en- ergy, the skill and the treasure, that had been ex- pended by rival nations in the deadly struggles of what was called the field, had been expended in a generous emulation to excel in the arts of peace, the farmers would very soon drive the diplomatists out of the field." (Cheers.) 86 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, SEPT. 13, IS43 ANn HORTICULTURAL RKG19TEB. BosTon, Wednesday, Skpt. i'i, 1843. NEW MODES OF COMPOUNIIING MANURES. The " American Farmer," of Hallimnre, copiea our article upon Dr. Valentine's method iS preparing ma- nures. In that article we say that "The object propos- ed by Bonimer and others, who iiave been acting upon manures, is ni.iinly to rol down straw and olher vegeta- ble substances. Bnt when rolled, such mailers cannot be strong manures." In a note upt well be measured and defined ; but we are well persuaded that ihe tendencies are good. At these shows, the farmer's zeal in his own projjer calling is iiicrcTsed — he there sees and hears things that enlighten fiis mind and slimu- Idle him to e,\ertion. There he sees good animals, and has opportunity to learn something as to the points of good animals. He sees what ikill can do at the plow — what tact can do in training the team. Before him are specimens of the largest, and sometimes of the best pro- ductions of the soil. There the dairy shows its produc- tiuns— generally good, but sometimes sickeningly pale and streaked. But even then one has a fine opportuni- ty to mark the difference between good and bad. A survey of the whole exhibition will either give in- struction or enkindle the desire to be a better farmer — or it will do boili. Such will be the eft'ocls upon many, very many minds. The young, especially, will be ex- cited and animated, and induced to form resolves to be- come skilful in husbandry. The deeper general interest in farming which llio present times witness, than was felt a generation ago, owes its existence, in part, at least, to these cattle shows. We deem them instruments of good. But they, like all other means of good, may be accom- panied by some evil. We have thought that allowing men to compete on the plowing field, and requiring the work to bo no more than five inches in depth, as has often been done in the case of single teams, tended to introduce or rather to perpetuate among us a habit of more shallow plowing than good husbandry requires. We have thought loo that the premiums are often awarded for animals tor their size rather than for excel- lence of" form ; and that the over-grown vegetables and fruits are more frequently exhibited ihan fair speci7nens of the produce of a field or garden. Such faults, if faults they be, are far from sufficient to outweigh the good ; but yet if these and some other matters of do greater impoitance, could be remedied, ice, at least, should like the efl'ccts of cattle shows slill better than we now do. From Mr J. L. L F. Warren, a good show of Dahli Admiral Slopford, Primrose, Famosa, &c. were ve fine. For the Committee, H. W. DUTTON EXHIBITION OF FKCITS. From G. Merriam, West Newton, two dishes suptt large Peaches. Fine Peaches from Mrs. Giles, Somerville. From Seih £. Hardy, Cambridgeport, fine Bartl Pears. From J. H. Pierce, Seedling Plum--, resembling I White Perdu; Sqiia-h Apple, and Bartlett Pears From H. Vandine, Early Black. Smith's Orlea Prince's Imperial Gage, and Yellow Egg Plums. Pears fn.m S. Pond. From Jacob Dean, Mansfield, a very fine display Apples, embracing seven varieties of Seedlings, ma of them very fine; several varieties of Apples uiina ed, and Superb Sweet, Tender Sweet, Spice Sweet, Si of Wine, Wine Apjde, While, Hey Boy, and Boyc Sweet. Peaches, large Early, a fine Clingstone, a Seedling, all fine. From J. L. L. F. Warren, President, Royal Geor and Lemon Clingstone Peaches, some of them ex^ larje and fine, and an Apple and Pear for names From Dr. John C. Howard, Melons — Persian Gre« Flesh, Green Smyrna, and Minorca. From Mr Josiali Lnvett, iid, fine Melon. The Melons from these gentlemen were found to of exquisite flavor. For the Committee, JOSEPH BRECK MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. Saturday, Sept. 9, ISiS. It was announced last week, that in consequence of the necessary preparations lor ihe Annual Exhibition on Wednesday next, no exhibition would be made tfus day ; but this WHS not generally understood by our friends m the cotintiy, and their usual conlributioiis were sent in, though there was nothing from our city ainaleuis. Messrs. Hovey »!t Co. exhibited a number of neat bouquets, composed of Roses, Heliotrope, Ac. From Dr. Howard, bouquets, Dahlias, Asters, and other cut flowers. From A. C. Hall, Dahlias, Balsams, and PliUxes. From A. H. White, a good stand ot Dahlias. From Mr McLellan, jiardener to Mr Pratt, fine bou- quets and a stand ol good Dalilias. From F. W. Macondray, a good display of Dahlias and fine Aslers. From S. A. Walker, a fine show of Dahlias — among Ihein good specimens of Girling's Prince of Wales, Es- sex Triumph, &c. "Poor but Respectable." — The Ohio Slate Jo nal, in noticing ilie sudden death of a citizen of Frai lin county, says he was " poor but respectable." ^ cannot, in our charity, charge the editor with meani to say that respectability is an uncommon attendant poverty, but his expression renders him liable to be understood. The obnoxious " but'* is too often used this connection. *■ Poor but respectable" — as if, foreoo it was rare to find virtue linked with poverty ! and tl respei'tability, as a matter of course, is conferred wealth ! Such is the import of this common and del table expression ; — and, while we are nol disposed impute to those who use it, any unworthy aristocra predilections, we could wish that this " poor but resp table" phrase might be speedily consigned to the reci lacle of things obsolete. We absolutely loathe it,- " stinks in" our " nostrils." It is not only a» absurd it is anti-republican, and of pernicious tendency in influence on the minds of the young, but il implies abominable falsehood. Wealth is merely a foriuiK circumstance, and confers no merit of itself; — respec bility may be joined with il, but does not follow from and cannot, like wealth, be the foundation of an ariati racy, since it is free to all, and attainable by all in co inon ; — and we hazard nothing in assoriing, that, in time past, virtue — the element of all true respectability has been found as often, at least, in the lowly cotta of ihe poor as in the gorgeous mansion of ihe rich, — a it is a blessed consolation to the children of adversi wherever within earth's borders they may dwell, th however much they may be excluded from a parlici| lion in the benefits enjoyed by monopolies of weal and monopolies of power, they cannot be excluded — it not in the power ufvtun to exclude them — from the i joyment of that purest and chiefesl of all earthly hap ness — " the soul's calm sunshine and the heartfelt joy" which follows from a conscience void of offence lowt God and man : — and this— this alone, is the element true respectability. t t t Jj^Tho annual exhibition of Fruits and Flowers the Mass. Horticultural Society, commenced this day, their rooms, ^3 Tremont Row, and will be contiiiu until Friday evening. No entertainment in the city pi sents more attraction than this, and the rooms will, doubt, as heretofore, be thronged with visitors. M.. XXII, NO. II. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 87 IlOUTICULTl'RAL EXHIBITION. [j- Thi' Annual KxlnMlion of the Massachusetts Hor- j:luriil Society will take place at tlieir Konms 2:1 Treninnl w. (nnposiie thn Snvinas Bank,) on WliDNESD.A V, IUIiSD.4 Y, and FRID.W, I3lh, Uili, and i5th ol Sep- iber. Jlinice and rare specimens of Fruits and Flowers are re- •ctfully solicited from llie nieniliers of the Hassacliuselts rlicuUural Society, and from the loverg of the science of rticulture generally. Committees will he in attendance receive coiitrihutwns on iMimday and Tuesday, llihnnd h .Sopicmher, and will retain the specimens sent suhjcct he order of the owner. 1 list giving the names of the specimens of Fruits and wers presen'ed is respectfully solicited. By Older. S.\iMUfc;L W.4LKER, Chairman Committee of Arrangements IH.'HTON MARKKT.— Monday, Sept. 11, 1843. KepnrleU for tlie N. E. Farmer, it .M;irl(et TiSO Beel Cattle, I^T.I Stores, 25 pr s VVork- Oien, 2700 Shocp and 1000 Swine. 'iiicEa. — ReeJ Cattle. — We quote to correspond with week. A small number Extra $4.50 a 4 75. First ility, $4.25 a 4.50. Second quality, $3.75 a $4.25. rd quality $3.00 a $3..50. tores. — Two year old l|8 a 13. Three year old a 17. Voikina Ojfa— Sales $fiO, $C5, $72 and $80. hi-tp — Lots were sold frum 75 cts. to $1 50. Weth- froin $1.33, to $1.75. wine. — Shoats to peddle 4 1-2 for sows and 5 1-2 barrows. Old Hogs 4 and 5. At retail from 5 to 6 1-2. THERMOMETRICAL. RAportetlforthe New England Farmer, iiig^eof the rhermoineterat the Garden of the proprietors I-: i\ew England Farmer, IJrigluon, Mass in a shaded c ierlyei^)oeure, for the week ending Sept. 10. lepL. 1843. 1 7, A.M. 12, M. 5,e.M. Wintl. itlay, 4 70 90 84 V sday, 5 66 76 7 vanc Real — Clion — Lewis— Winter Nelis, Sec. PEACHES. Malta — Early Royal George— Early York- Noblesse- Red Cheek Melacaion— Murray's Early Ann- Blu.ccn, Cows, Three year old kine, Two year old do. One year old do. Horses, Sheep, Swine, Losses by fatal accidents are given thus : — Loss :cording to per centage of value : rom their birth to their Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine weaning, < weaning to I year old, ' 1 — 2 years, ' 2 — 3 years, •uring the time of being used, 5 2 5 4 [Ibid. 5 3 10 12 4 2 8 6 3 2 7 3 3 1.5 5 3 From the New Genesee Farmer. LETTER FROM MR COLMAN. ^^r Biilthnm — I had very great pleasure in at- tending the meeting of the Royal Agricultural So- ciety this year, held at Derby, on thf 12lh, 13th, 14th, and l.'ith days of July ; and I wish it were in my power to communicate to the farmers of the United Slates the spirit and zeal by which the far- mers and indeed a very large portion of almost all other classes, are hero actuated in regard to the improvement of the agriculture of the country. I have, since my arrival here, attended various agri- cultural meetings ofcounty societies, and farmers' clubs, and in every case a large number of clergy- men have been present, taking an active part on the occasion ; and at the same time many high ofli- cial characters, comprising the gentry and the highest aristocracy of the land. Indeed, the pow- erful movement with which the cause of agricultu- ral improvement is now moving onward in this country, may be mainly ascribed, in its first im- pulse, and continued and increasing progress, to the intelligent, and disinterested, and devoted la- bors of soma of this latter class, who, without stint, devote generously their time and energies to this object — taking a personal and active part in the most minute and laborious details. This shows a just appreciation of the importance of this object, which cannot be over-estimated in this country or our own. Mr Everett, in his beautiful speech at the Pavilion, on 'J'hursday last, stated that the whole of the import and export trade of the United States with Great Britain is only equal in value to the annual crop of oats and beans in the latter kingdom ; and McQueen, in his Statistics of the British Empire, mentions that the value of the ma- nure annually applied to the land in England, much exceeds the whole value of their commercial trade — their imports and exports. These are startling facts ; and, important as commerce and manufactures obviously are in their connexion with agriculture, no one can deny the paramount impor- tance of the latter interest. The rapid increase of the population of Great Britain gives a vastly increased consequence to this subject ; since, with- out the gfeatest possible exertions, where there are so many hungry mouths, many must go unfed. To say that agriculture here has reached its acme of improvement, would be quite premature ; there is still a vast amount of land not cultivated at all — large amounts that are yet but partially improved ; and the crops now raised undoubtedly fall far short of the amount to which they mny be carried under that enlightened system of improvement which is now so vigorously prosecuted. Agriculture is cer- tainly not less the interest — the paramount inter- est— of our own people. No philanthropic mind, that observes for a few years the caprices of trade and commerce, and the instability of a prosperity rising out of such elements, or who looks at the distressed and dependent condition of a purely manufacturing population, as it here shows itself — itself so inseparably connected with the fluctua- tions of trade and commerce, and the ever-varying changes of mere fashion — but must feel that an improved agriculture, especially in a free country, where even the humblest may have a freehold in the soil, and their own few acres to cultivate, pre- sents the best instrument and source of comfort, independence, good morals, and the preservation of civil liberty. The papers which I send you will give you all tho particulars of this great occasion. It was truly a j^nat occasion. The number of animals cxhibi- ted, and their superior (xcellence, much exceeded my expectations, and showed the extraordinary re- sults attained by skill, science, and perseverance applied to the subject of improving live stock. The implements and machine.'; exhibited, display- ed great ingenuity and admirable workmanship ; and they were, in general, well adapted to the pur- poses designed. Tlie great objections to thein wore, their complicated nature, their immense size, or, rather, the power required to work them — and their expensiveness. The plows, I think, were not superior to those in use among ourselves; the thra.^hing machines and chaff cutters were decided- ly inferior to those which we have ; and so were several of the machines for the application of steain to the cooking of cattle food, or other agricultural purposes. The whole arrangement of the show, and the management of mailers from the beginning to the end, were capital, and most exactly carried out ; and while it was an occasion of intense gratifica- tion to myself, it was a day of high and just pride to England. I should have been glad to have given you more particulars, but they will come, of course, in the public papers and journals. I am happy to say, that my own project meets with every encouragement from ihe gentlemen whose encouragement is most to be desired ; and amidst the great variety of objects which present themselves, my only want is, of a hundred eyes and a hundred years to observe them in. I shall be with you in spirit, most assuredly, in your great anniversary at Rochester ; and can on- ly express my ardent desire that the exhibition, and the results of that occasion, may be worthy of the queen city of Western New York, and meet the wishes of the most spirited and patriotic friends of agriculture in the rich and beautiful valley of the Genesee. 1 am truly yours, HENRY COLMAN. IluTton-under-J\'eedicood, Stiijfordsliirc, July IS, '43. Mw use for ihe Tomato.— The Cheraw (S. C.) Gazette slates that, in addition to the advantages of the tomato for table use, the vine is of great value as food for cattle, especially cows. It is stated that a cow fed on tomato vines, will give more milk and yield butter of finer flavor and in greater abundance, than on any other long feed ever tried. It is thought, too, that more good food for cattle, and at less expense, can be raised from a given quantity of ground planted in tomatoes than from any other vegetable known in the South- ern country. Force of Habit An elderly gentleman travel- ing in a stage coach, was amused by the constant fire of words kept up between two ladies. One of them at last kindly inquired if their conversation did not make his head-ache ? "Oh, no, madam," he replied, "I have been married twentycight years." Book-larn'd men seldom know anything but books ; and there is one that never was printed yet, worth all they've got on their shelves, but which ihcy never read, nor even so much as cut the leaves of — and that book is ' human natur.' — •Sam fflick. »2 NEW" ENGLAND FARMER, SEPT. 30, 1843 LICE ON ANIMALS. TliPre is not nn animal that does not, under cer- tain circtiinstances, nourish in its liair, wool, leath- ers, or its skin, soma Itind of louse ; and sometimes more than one kind of these parasites lodge and prey on the same anuii.il. In ordinary cases, they do not produce much mischief, but when they in- crease so much Bs to produce the disease called m^nac {Pityricsis.) they become truly formidable. The cause of animals being; troubled with lice, I ''y them. parting: the wool, and applyinjj the ointment direct- ly lo the skin, and rubbing it down with the finger. Tessier recolllmcnd^ tobacco smoke as preferable lo this ointment, being attended with no danger in its use. The sheep is held in such a manner that the smoke is forced from a bellows among t!ie wool to the skin in all directions. After tiiis fumi- gation, the slipep must be placed in the open air, that the vapor may pMss off without being inhaled may usually be traced to a want of cleanliness. [ When the dust and sweat accumulated on the hai Perhapa the best remedy for lice in anima where they have not become so numerous as to and in contact with the skin of the o.v or horse, are ' produce thi* disease Pityriasis, is to rub any oil, allowed to remain undisturbed by the comb or brush; when the stables are kept filthy, unventi- lated, and unwholesome; when animals, reduced in autumn by want of pasture, or by living in un- healthy ones, are suffered to take their chance for the winter without extra care or attention ; or when a beast loaded with pediculi is turned into the jards or the stables of those exempt from these parasites, it may be expected that they will multi- ply and infest animals. When we see horses rub- bing their tails, biting their manes, and showing other signs of uneasiness and irritation ; when cat"- tle are observed to be rubbing their heads against posts or fences, and the hair coming off from the head and neck; or when sheep tear out tufts of wool with their teeth, and bile these places till blood appears, we may expect that lice are present. On most animals, these parasites have some favo- rite place of resort ; on horses, the mane and tail ; on horned cattl«, around the nose, base of the borns, and the neck ; on sheep, they run over ev- ery part; and on swine, they do not seem to be confined to any particular location. Pure air, room for exercise, plenty of food, and above all, cleanliness, are the first things to be at- tended to in the cure of this evil. Currying, brushing, and washing should be resorted to, as' except in bad cases, this trealment will be usually sufficient to free the animal from these insects, without recourse to other rernedies. Wliere these fail, it will be necessary to have recourse to such external or internal applications as shall operate directly on the vermin. One of the most conmion remedies is the mercu- rial ointment, commonly called vngntnium ; but this, though effectual, cannot be used without some danger, as numerous in-.tance3 have occurred in which valuable animals have been destroyed by its too free use. Care should be taken to prevent the animal from biting itself where the ointment is ap- plied, until it has had time to take effect. A de- coction of tobacco leaves, in a strong lye, forme a very good wash ; but this, too, owing to the nar- cotic poison of the tobacco, has caused death. Va- rious vegetable remedies h^ive been resorted to, among which are the seeds of the larkspur, and the leaves of the ledum paluslre, or marsh, or Lab- rador tea. The roots of the black hellebore, or a decoction made from them, have been used with success ; and it is said that the water in which the skins or parings of potatoes have been boiled, will effectually destroy lice by a few washings. Tho imernal use of sulphur is an excellent remedy, and such as whale oil or melted lard, on such places as they most freciiient, or on parts of the aiiimal where they will be most likely to come in contact with it. AH the pediculi breathe through what are termed spiracles or openings in their bodies, and the least particle of oil spread over their bod- ies, by causing suffocation, at once effects their de- struction. This is also a perfectly harmless reme- dy. But prevention, in this case, is belter than cure ; and neatness, cleanliness, and good keep- ing, by insuring comfort and health, leaves no op. portunity for the attacks of vermin. — Farmers'' En- ci/clop. if HORSES AND OXEN. We take the following extract.^ from Hurger's " Economy of Farming," recenlly translated from the German, by Rev. E. G. Smith, of New York : The question whether horses or oxen are most profitable on the farm, has been much discussed by different writers of Germany. Tkaer thus slates the arguments for and against: " Horses have an undeniable preference in the following particulars: 'i'hey are suitable for all and every kind of work of land-liusbaudry, in all ways, and in all weath- ers. One, therelore, when he keeps oidy horses, is not obliged to choose work for them, but can use his whole team for any business that occurs, and leave no part of it to stand still. 'J'hey accomplish every kind of work more rapid- 1 ly, and are more constant. One can, therefore, not only complete the work in the same time more promptly, but also require a longer day's work of them. In favor of oxen are t!ie following : They perform the greater part of tho work on the farm, as plowing, and the near carryi.ng of loads, as well as horses do; and one can in a usual day's work, if they are well fed, expect nearly as much from ihem. They cost considerably less; their harness is much cheaper ; their food costs much less. What is an important particular, is, that if they are well taken care of, tlicy lessen not as much in value, but often sell for more than they at first cost. They are also subject to fewer hazards and casualties. Finally, they give a greater quantity of excre- ment, which affords a more productive manure than that of horses. There can, therefore, be no doubt, that those labors which can be proportionally well performed Vfit has also discusst-d this question with h usual philosophical accuracy and practical skil In favor of Iwrses compared with oxen, be says: "I. The horse performs about one-third moi labor in a day than the ox ; (a horse can, wit good treatmenl, work 10 hours in a day, and in year do 2.i0 to 290 days' work, and his age endui to IG or 20 years;) and in the pressure of wot and unfavorable circumstances of the weather, ma more certainly be strained without danger n'n ai count of the unusual performance, than cm the o; 2. On account of their puwer and continuanci also, horses cnn he u.sed a greater number of year and of days in the year, than working oxen. 3. Thi'y can be employed in bad, stony uneve ways; in more unfavorable weather; and for mor remote and more rapid currying of loads, where o.i en cannot be used lo advantage, because these j 4. 2 1-2 5. 3 6. 3 1-2 7. 4 8. 4 1-2 !•. 5 10. 5 1-2 11. G The Nos. 8, y, II, were dug up after 23 days,, and it was found that No. 8 had an inch more to. grow to reach the surface of the earth. Nos. 9' and 11 had just sprouted, but were short, and three OL. XXII. NO. la. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 93 hcs below tlie surface. No. 10 came up in 1-2 days, but the tcmler leaf remained only (i fs green, and then withered. There is no c.x- ■imi'nt which shows more clearly the advantage a shallow planting in a soil not too loose, and dden down, than this. The more shallow the rd was covered with earth, the more rapidly the onl made its appearance, and the stronger after- rd-i was the stalk. The deeper the seed lay, lon^i'r it remained before it came to the siir- le. Four inches was too deep for the maize, I must therefore he for yet smaller grain kernels. Pelri gives an experiment made on rye, with the owing re.-nilts. The first column shows the )th ul which the seed was put; the second, the mhcr of days that elapsed before it appeared ive ground ; the third, the number of plants that ino up : — Jippeared. JVo jilunls. 11 days. 7-8 12 ' all 13 • 7-8 20 ' C-8 21 ' 4-8 22 ' 3-8 23 ' 1-8 The root-stalk forms itself always next below I surface of the ground, and if we place the lin deep, it must Hrst put out its sprouts to the ■face, atid form its side-branches in a nearer .inexion with the air. We never find that the :ker-roots are ranged from below to above, but ( contrary. From the experiments of Ugazy, who tried sev- tysix with different grains, it is clear that shal- V sowing, if the seed is only so far covered as sprout, and the germ is protected from immedi- 3 contact with the air, is preferable to laying the ed deep, because it springs up quicker, and ac- ires a stronger growth, and has hardier plants." ■Ibid. Depth. 1-2 inch. II 3 inches, 3 ' 4 ' 5 ' G ' and as stealing fruit is the most com.mon of all lar- cenies, that its enormities should he particularly pointed out. We might then hope in a very few years, that the fruit in an orchard or a garden, would be as safe as the clevis on a jilow in the field, or an aXe in the door-yard. Let public opinion render this vice as disgrace- ful as the robbing of hen-roosts — as it uiighl be by proper lectures in conmion schools — and one branch of iniquity would be lopped." FRUIT STEALING. [The following is from an old number of the enesee Farmer, but is as good now as when " bran ;w." The young should be early impressed with is truth — that stealing fruit is as much a crime I defrjuding the printer.] " An esteemed friend presented me with Noah Webster's Elementary Spelling Book, for examina- on ; and among the great number of useful re- arUs which this indefatigable author has selected r prepared for the instruction of children, I was articularly pleased to find the following : ' H is no more right to steal apples or water mel- 13 from another's garden or orchard, than it is to 'tal money from his desk. Besides, it is the mean- tt of alt low tricks to creep into a r.an's enclosure > take his property.' For this service, if I lived near Noah Webster, would treat him to the earliest and best fruit of by garden. Much as I am pleased with the course taken by ur Legislature for suppressing the plundering of ardens and orchards, and much as might be done y editors and periodicals papers, I am satisfied lattn eradicate the evil, the axe ought to be laid J the root — that is, it ought to be imperatively en- jriined on all school teachers who derive any part If their pay from the funds of the State, to lecture heir scholars on the leading principles of morality ; THE CRANBRRllY. There are four species of cranberry enumerated in the Harlus Britannicus, the most important of which are the long-fruited cranhprry, {Oxymccus tnacrocarpvs,} and the red-fruited cranberry, (Oiy- coccus erytkrocarpiis.) both indigenous to the Uni- ted States. They are the produce of swampy lands only ; but the idea that they will not bear transplanting i.s erroneous, for they have been transplanted from this country to Englanil. IMr H. Hall, of Barnstable, Mass., has been en- gaged for twenty years or more in the cultivation of this fruit, and his grounds have averaged for the last ten years, seventy bushels per acre, and some seasons he has had one hundred bushels. Mr F. A. Ilayden, of Lincoln, Mass., gathered from his farm four hundred bushels of cranberries, which he sold in Boston for si.\ hundred dollars. It is well known that cranberries are capable of being transplanted to Europe, without suffering by the voyage. American cranberries are frequent- ly sold in London at eight dollars a bushel, as fresh as when first gathered from the marshes. This iiifn-mation may be worth the attention of those who have marshy or brook land, as a matter of profit. Cranberries may be raised from seeds or oiTsct root suckers, creeping roots and trailing rooting stalks. Those also growing with several rooted stalks and branches, may be divided in the root and top into separate plants, in which way they succeed very well. The seeds should be sown, where that method is pursued, in autumn, as soon as ihey are ripe, in a shady place, or where the plants are to grow and remain; and when the young plants are up, they should be kept clean, and be removed with earth about their roots, as there may be occasion. The oflscts and root- plants may be set out in the same season, in a soil resembling that in which they naturally grow. — The J\J'aturalist. Pho.iphale of Lime. — It has been computed that every person who consumes ] lb. of wheat bread daily, will, in tlie course of one year, take inlo his system 3 1-2 lbs. nearly of phos|)hate of lime. " This circumstance (says the Albany Cultivator,) Is supposed to explain the reastm why wheat bread is so superior to that made of other k.nds of grain, as phosphalo of lime forms a principal element of hunian bodies. It is found in milk, where nature seems to indicate that it is contained for the nour- ishment of the young animal, from the remarkable fact that, when they arc able to take other food, the milk loses its proportion of this substance. Al- though phosphate of lime is contained in conside- rable quantities in the adult secretions, it is not known in those of the young, being all taken up for the purposes of nutriment. The shells of eggs arc formed of this substance, and Dr. Paris has as. ccrtained the singular fact, that if the leijs of alien be broken, she will lay her eggs without shells until these are repaired, for which the lime is re- quired. Hens will also lay their eggs without shells if there is a deficiency of lime in the yard in which they roam. It is a remarkeble circumstance, that although the grain contains the phosphate, the straw contains the carbonate of lime. Carbon is, next to water, the principal support of vegetation." — Farmers' Encydop. Yankee Ice and Clocks in England. — A recent letter from London says : " I see in the shops here, placards and signs for the sale of • Aeierican Crystalized Ice.' I under- stand our ice brings a very high price, from its solidity and bright appearance — the English ice being light, porous, and of dingy appearance. Another article of American product I found here, was Yankee clocks, which I mention for the benefit of the Nova Siotia judge (author of 'Sam Slick.') A friend in the country wished me to see an English cottage, and took me to one of modern structure. Here was a ' musical clock,' which was highly prized. To gratify me, it was set to play its music, on hearing which, I thought the sound was not unfamiliar, and then the clock itself looked as if I had seen it or its fellow, and on examining the inside of the case, I found the agents' card — 'Sperry&Co., Bowery, New York' — a genuine Ccmnecticut wooden clock, and the 'musical' part was merely the ordinary striking part, which is liirnished, you know, with a spiral steel wire, in place of a bell. I have not seen any wooden nut- megs." Cttriovs Fact Respecting Bees. — When two or three distinct hives are united in autumn, they are found to consume together scarcely more honey during the winter, than each of them would have consumed if left separate. In proof of this remark- able fact, the author states a variety of experi- ments made by him, all which led ujiiformly to the same conclusion. And indeed he shows positive- ly, by re'erence to upwards of thirty hives, six of which had their population thus doubled, that the double ones do not consume more provisions dur- ing winter than a single hive does ; and that so far from the bees suffering from this, the doubled hives generally send forth the earliest and best swarms. — ^rc. of Sci. All wish to bo more happy than they can he, yet moHt might easily be far more happy than they really are. Content with May. — We notice the recent mar- riage in Winthrop, Maine, of Mr May to Miss Con- tent W. Ila.nes. This is the lady who, a year since, obtained the first premium of the Agricultu- ral Society, for the best crop of wheat. We hope she will be content in the arms of May, and rear a fine crop of beautiful May flowers. — Bost. BulUlin. It is often said that wealth is power, and that' knowledge is power; but there is an apothem that I would place high above them all, and that is, (/•ii(/j is power. Weallli cannot purchase, talent refute, knowledge overreach, or authority silence her; they all, like Felix, tremble at her presence. — Bronnson. Herbs, to preserve their virtues, should be dried in the shade. 94 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, SEPT. ao. ISIS AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. BoSTO!', Wednesday, Sept. 20, 1843. HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. The annual e.xhibition of the M.assachusiats Horticul- tural Society tool; place last week, and allljougli vre would not anticipate the report of the able comuiitiee appointed for tljat purpose, yet we cannot refrain from makinofafew ren]arlis touching the character of ilie alisw. The exhibition, in many respects, far exceeded any and green-house, the templing Nectarines, tlie Mehins, and otlier fruit?, we must refer to the forthcoming re- port of the coinmitlee, wliich we hn|,e to publish in our next paper. We are sometimes accuj.ed of publit:hing too many and too long reports of liorticultural doings, affording but little or no iiiterest to some of our distant readers, whose time and attention are wholly engrossed with the cultivation of the more prominent and necessary ag- ricultural products. Unt, have patience, respected friends : the Horticultural Society is doing a great work, at a great expense, and for the gratuitous benefit of you and your cflspring; and hereailer when your children shall find their farui-houses and dweliings surrounded preceding ones, wiiile in others it fell short. The defi- i by the luxurious fruits and gorgeous flowers introduced ciencies, however, must not be attributed to any relaxa- | and eiperiinentid upon by this Society, " they will rise lion of effurt or zeal on the part of the members of the up and call her blessed " J. li. Society, but to the peculiarities of the season. In con sequence of the severe drought during the two first sum- mer months, the Dahlias were so completely stunted and preyed upon by insects, that they did not recover sufficiently to produce but few fine blooms — indeed, so few, that we uiust set down this part of the show, so or- namental and profuse in some seasons, a total failure. The show of flowers generally, if we may except As- ters, which were very fine, was rather below par; and this deficiency, too, must, in a measure, be charged to the drought. But when we speak of the Fruit, we must say the show was very imposing, and must have been truly gratifying to those who have been laboring so long and hard and at so much expense to improve the productions of Pomona. The anticipations of years were in some degree consuninialed. Of Pears, there has never before been so many diffe- rent specimens exhibited by so many different cultiva- tors. It was highly interesting and instructive to no- tice the different aspect of fruit of the same variety from different soils, management and cultivators; in some cases, the appearance of fruits of the same variety, was so unlike, as almost to deceive the practiced eye a* to their identity, so different are fruits grown in a meagre and a lich soil. F/om llie President of the Society there were not far from one hundred varieties fif this fruit up- on the table, and from another garden nearly the same number, and very large contributions from a hoKt of others. The opportunity for comparing new fruits and detecting errors, was Lnjwiralleh'd — and we venture to assert that so many \*arietie8 of Pears have never before been assembled at one lime upon a Society's table in America. Of Apples we cannot say so much, although the dis- play was lespectahle. This fruit generally Is very deft- ci*nt in llie neigliborhood of iioslon tiie present year. One of our most prominent membeis, who has hert^to- fi>re contributed largely on such (n-casions, was not able to Le with us to take part in the exhibition, on account of severe domestic aflliction. The show of Plums, we think, was siipenor to that | of any Ibrmer occasion. The nuniber of varieties was 1 very large, and the beauty of some of tiie sorts exqui- I site, and the taste delicious. More attention appears to j be paid to this fine fruit, and we are happy to add, in j nrany cafes, with entire success. We have learned some facts in relation to the cultivation of the Plum, which we shall divulge upon some future occasion. There were some fpecimens of Peaches of surprising beauty, but in consequence of the destruction of the PO't'A I'OEf. Can you tell me what green crops are good to 1 plowed in before a potato crop.' Especially, whethi rye is good. One of the best farmers in New Englar strongly recommends clover, and he .showed me a stiil ing proof of its fitness to precede pot toes. (4.) If we may judge from the potatoes sold in your ma ket, and from those generally found at jour public ( bles, we must say that Boston people have a strong pr judice in favor of bad potatoes. The soils are general bad, and tlie cooking is worse. To those wlio visit yi from the country, it is hard to laakii a satisfaeturv me without good potatoes. Can you suijgest any plan I which their wants can be supplied ? (5.) To the Editor of the New England Farmer: 'De.ib Sir— In your remarks concerning the " Prime " potatoes wliich my son lately scut you, you request him to point out the ini.rks by which these may be distin- guished from the ''Brown Harvest" and the ** Wliite Harvest," which he sent you last autumn. These sorts are easily distinguished while growing, by the appear ance of their stalks and leaves ; they also ripen at very different times; but there are marks by wliich the pota- toes themselves can be easily distinguished. I have had several hundred kinds of potatoes within the last five years ; most of them were seedlings, but many of them weie collected from different quarters. I regard the " Prime" potato as the best early sort with which 1 am acquainted. 1 have two or three new sorts which may prove equally valuable, but they require further experimen.s. (I ) 1 wish now to consult you on a matter which seems tome of considerable importance. It has been noticed by thousands that many varieties of white p'ltatoes are mealy and good when first dug, but that they become greenish, soggy, and unfit for use, after having been exposed n few weeks to the air. This docs not seem to me to be true with respect to any kind of colored pota" toes' The red, blue, and purjile are generally good dur- ing the winter, and some of tlicm during the spring, and even till new potatoes come. ViUizchite potatoes, unless the air be very carefully excluded, are not fit for the ta- ble in January. Now, sir, ought we not lo come to the conclusion that while potatoes should not be raised, except for ear- ly use, and for feeding stock.' I am so well convinced of this, that I have dismissed the two best sorts of late while potatoes with which I am acquainted, viz. the Brown Harvest and the White Harvest. They yield very well, and are very good for tlie table in the au- tumn, but the Long Reds are far better in the spring and summer. I wish you to consider this subject, and give mo your opinion. (2) I have a few varieties of colored seedlings, of which I may give }ou an account hereafter. If you can obtain for nio any lialla from the Long Red potato, J will see what new varieties can be produced from it. (j ) Your obedient servant, S. WORCESTER. P. S. — There arc some reasons for preferring colored potatoes, which I have not mentioned. They are not Remarks by the Editor. — (1.) The potatoes sent us 1 Mr Worcester, we have found good. We had no id) until we received this letter, that he had undt-rtaken extensively the production of new varieties from t seed. It is a good work that he or his son has undi taken, and we wish him success and profit in it. (2.) It never before occurred to u^, even lo inqui whether the color of the potato had any inBuence up its keeping properties. The remarks of Mr W. corrc pond with our own expeiience, excepting in regard one variety, which we call the Jackson. We ha known this potato about three years — it is llie whitt potato we are acquainted with, and at the same time is the best we know of for spring and summar use. \ will gladly furnish our «orrespondent with some them. They ore not yet known, we think, in Bost market, but are highly prized in Salem, by such fa. ilies as have used them. A few of them were brouj, to that neighborhood two years ago last spring, frc Berkshire county. We know not of any others li them in this vicinity — but in journeying last June, found them on the table of our host at the public hoi in Brattleboro', Vt., and they were the only good po toes we met with on out Journey of more than a fo night. We thank our correspondent for starting his quiry, but we are forced by the above fact lo dot wlietiier color alone ^ or chiefly, determines the fieepi properties. Is it not quite as moch the time of ripenin, Ife have no fixed opinion upon the subject. (3.) We will try to send the balls of the Long Red (4.) We have had no experience with green crops a manure, and are unable to furnish any tiling defin in reply to the question here put lo us. (■'>.) Our potatoes are bad enough, we know — but had never dreamed that among all the " notions" of li good people of our city, they held the aforesaid prei dice. Perhaps they do : — how to remedy the evil whi our country friends complain of, we know not, unlesi be by encouraging our friend Worcester to go on w his originations of better sorts, till he gets them in 8U abundance that we can all learn what good potatoes i — and having learned this, there can be no doubt tl our publicans will eschew the bad and cleave lo 1 good. In a word, send in better potatoes from Bridj water and elsewhere, and we will guaranty that th shall be set before our country visitors. As to the foi in"", we cannot promise much improvement. There an old saying that " the Lord sends provisions, but'| somebudij else " sends cooks." trees in many places by the severity of tlie past winter, ; so liable to be eaten by worms. Where they are plant, and the injury to others by the frosts in the spring, the ! ed side by side with the v\ bites, this is very apparent, display of this favorite fiuit was not very remarkable, Potatoes which are injured by exposure to the air, are thouj;h respectable. I unwli(desoinc ; and it may be doubted whether they are Of the luscious clusters of Grapes from open ground better for cattle than for men. dXThe Cattle Show of the Bristol Co. Agricuitu Society, takes place at Taunton, October 4th. The Show of the Middlesex Society will be holden the same day at Concord. There is an odious ppirit in many persons who i belter pleased to detect a fault than to commend a virli v. xxii, NO. la. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 95 TIIERMOMETRICAL. Urporteilfor the New Englnitd Farin(»r. uige jf tlie riieimonieterattheOanleiiof the proprietors i-i New Eiiglaiiil Farmer, Urightnn, Mass, in a sliadcil t.ieilycuiosicre, forllieweek ending Sept. 17. epl. 18-13. |7,A.... , 12, M. |5,P.M. I Wiml. iilay, silay, liie^iiay, rsilay, l.ty, irJay, cl.'y, 11 47 63 12 U 61 13 41 f,2 14 44 62 15 (iO 68 16 ts SO 17 56 7S 1 64 50 60 67 74 69 C8 I e. E. K. K. E. S. s. U(illTON MARKET.— MoNDAT, Sept. 18, Itt43. Ilpimrted fur the N. E. Farmer. I .MurkctTOO Ceel Cattle, S.'iO Stores, 3C00 Sliecp 1075 Swine. P.1CE3.— Ileef Cattle —TUc prices obtnined last week e hardly sustaiiieii. We quote Extra at $4 50. It quality, $1.U0 a 4.25. Second quality, $3.75 a DO. Tl.irii quality $3.00 a $3..50. tores.— Two year old !$8 n 13. Three year old a 17. heep. — Small lots were sold from 75 cts. to $1 50. thers, $1.2.5, $1.42, and $1.62. leine. — Slioats to peddle 4 1-2 for sows and 5 1-2 jarrowB. Selected lots a fraction more. Old Hogs 1 Ohio, 4 and 4 1-4. Selected Old Hogs from N. Y. id 5. At retail from 5 to G 12. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected leitk great care, weekly^ JEDS. Herds Grass, go 00 to 2 50 perliushel. Red Top 0 5U cents, ("lover— Northern, 00 to 12c. — Southern, 0 c. I'laic Seed, Sc 00 per hushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ary Seed, S4 30 per bushel. RAIi\. An unusual degree of dulness for the season prevailed throughout the week, with additional supplies. orn — Northern, old, hushel 00 to 00— Southern, round ow, olit, 57 a - 8 — Southern flat yellow, new, 56 n 56 — do. while 52 n 53— do New Orleans, 50 a 52— Barley 00 —Rye, Northern, 7i) a 72— do. Southern, 63 a 70 — 5, Southern, 29 a 30— Northern do. 31 to 32— Beans, per lel 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 35 -Bran, 1 20. LOUR. But slight improvements have been noticed in article the past week. Dealers not manifesting a dis- ition to purchase at more than $4 83 for good common ids, (.ienesee. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S5 00 a 0 12 — do, irf, SO 00 a 0 00 do. free of garlic, ij 00 a 0 00— Phila- )hia (to. 4 mos. S4 75 a 0 00 — Predericksburg, low I'd 4 1. 34 75 a 4 87— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00. ieoreelowu, *5 00 a 5 75— Richmond Canal, $0 00 a 0 no 3."Ciiy,*0 00 a 1100— Petersliurgh, South side $(i 00 ao 00 0. C'ounlrySO III) aO 00 — Genesee, coirinion, cash, S4 62 a i— do l.incy brands S4 75 a 5 Oj — Ohio via Canal, )0 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash *4 60 a 4 7S. Rye, 17 a 0 00 — liidia'i Meal in bbls. $2 87 a 3 00. 'ROV'ISIONS. There is no improvement in Pork, and f is a shade lower. eef— Mess 4 i lo. new hbl. Si 50 a 0 00 — Navy — $7 00 a i.— No. I, 6 73 1 0 00— do Prime So 00 a 0 On— Pork— ra clear 4 mo. bid. S13 50 a 14 00— do Clear S12 50 a 13 00 Mess, 11 00 a 12 00— do Prime Sio 00 a 10 62— do Mess n other States, — a do Prime do do So 00 a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do do SoO 00 a Oo 00 — ter, shipping, 0 a OM — do store, uninspected, 7 a 9— do •y, 10 CIS. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do th and Western, 6 a 7 1-2— Hams, Boston, 6 a 6^ — thern and Western, Sj a 6 — Clieese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4 1-2— do new milk, S a 6. VOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- tation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, G per cent, ad . All whercal the vaiue exceeils 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. 'he market for fleece and pulled is without change, ire is rather more demand for fleece, 'rime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- 1 full blood, do 33 a 35--Do. 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. I -2 do 29 a 30- -1-4 and common do 23 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 13 — Heiigasi do 8 a 10— Saxonj , clean, 00 — Buenos Ayres unpirkcd, 7 a 10 — i:o. do. picked, 12 a 16— Siiperliiio iVonlirrii pulled iamb 2-> s 32— No. I do. do. do. 23 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a IS. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb. 6 a B. 2d do. do. do. 00 a 00. HAV, 14 10 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed 610 to 12. CHEESE— Shipping and4meal,3 to 4 i-2c.— New 6 to 6 EGGS, 12 a 14. SITl'ATION AS GARDNER WANTED, A married man, of industrious habits, ^nfi wilhoMl incum- brance, who has from Ions practical experience acquired a thorough knowledge of his business in all its various dt parl- mcnts: — the Hot House, Green House, Grapery, Eraniiitg, ami the Flower Garden, and who can produce the most sat- isfactory certificates of character lioiii persons wilti whom he has lived, wishes a situaiioii. II nquired, he has no ob- jection to the management of a farm. Letters addressed to J. BRECK & CO., (post paid) No. 51 and 52 North Market street, will be attended to. Sept. 20, 1843. SCIONS PROM BEARING TREES. The subscriber at his grounds adjoining the Pomological Ganlen on Dearborn Street, North Salem, offers for sale scions from bearing fruit trees. Among them are the follow- ing P K A K S. Brirlletl— Columbian Virealieu — Beurre Romain — Urhan- iste — Washington — Beurre Diel — Beurre Bosc — Josejtbine — Easier Beurre — Bloodgood— Summer Franc Real — Clion — Lewis- Winter Nelis, Ac. PEACHES. Malta — Eiirlv Royal Georje— Early York- Noblesse- Red Cheek Melacaion — Murray's Early Ann— Blush Pine Apple — Washington Freestone— Cooledge's Favorite, &c. APPLES. Minister — Hubbardston Nonsuch — Danvcr's Winter Sweet, &c. PLUMS. Coe's Golden Drop— Violet Perdrigon — Roe's Vellow Gage— Green Gage — Violet do. — Washington— Imperial- Crnger's Scarlet — Frost Gage— Pond's Seerilins. &c. Sept. 6. JOHN M. IVES. STRA^VBERRIES, &.C. WM. R. PRINCE & CO., offer for sale the folfowing va- rielies : Myall's British (iueen, first in size and quality, the lar- gest variety we have yet seen, and very productive. S3,i 0 per hundred. Hovey's Seedling very large, and productive, 33,00 per hundred. Warren's Methven, and Elton Seedling, each S5,00 per hundred. Ross' PliiEnix, very large and highest flavored, and a very distinct fruit, $3,00 per dozen. Garaestone Scarlet and Swainstone's Seedling, now first offered, £3,00 ^er tinzen. Montevideo scarlet, an excellent Roseberry variety, S2,oo per hundred. Prince Albert, a new English variety, &5,00 per pair. Also, Myall's Eliza, Myall's Pine, Bishops' Oranire, Keene's Seedling, Downton, Black Roseberry, and all other varieties at the lowest rates. No order for less than 33, can be supplied and the amount to be transmitted with the order. They can be sent by Harnden's Express, at trivial expense lo Boston and to other places. Prince's Descriptive Caialogue of Fruit Trees, &c., in which all the estimable varieties of Apples, Pears, and oth- er fruits, are critically described, and all the bad and inferi- or varieties designated, is now in press, and will be sent to every post iiaid applicant. WM. R. PRINCE, & CO. Lin. Bot. Garden and Nurseries, } Flushing, AOg. 25th, C843. \ aiUCK MANUAL,. Forsaleby JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck M»d- ual for Farmers. By Dr S. L. Dana; price 62^. DRAFT AND TRACK CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, snilnble for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market si. STR.WVUERRIES ! The subscriber can supply all ilie most esteemed varieties orsirawbeiTies now in culiivaiion. The present is consid- eied a good lime for the lormation of new beds. The fol- lowing arc the prices per hundred plants:— Hmcij's S'cndling—a very suneriur variety, of large sized, fine flavor, abundant bearer, and very hardy, tS.OO Kiiene's Seedling— hatge fruit, very high flavor and high perfume, $2,0« Biilioji's Orange- Fine size, abundant bearer and supe- rior flavor, 82,00 /^!lon Scrdling — Very large fruit of a superior flavor, con- sidered one ot the best in England, 95,00 Mijall'ii Pine — A delicious fruit, *J,09 The old varieties furnished at 31.00 per hundred. Orders sent by mail enclosing the money will be punc- tually atlendcd to, and the plants well packed lor transpor- lation. JOSEPH BRECK. Boston, Aug, 15, 1843. STRAWBERRIES ! The subscriber would most respectfully give notice to those who are ilesirous of cultivating the most delicious Fr lit.lhat he will offer his select collection of Plants, at itie following reduced rates, in order that all may be enabled lo grow them. Having been engaged for twelve years in raising this Fruit extensively, he is enabled, by his knowledge of the choice varieties, and the best modes of cultivation, to offer the most extensive assortment of Plants and in the finest condition, of any cullivalor in the country. Persons may satisfy them- selves of this fact by a visit to his Gardens. Warren's Seeding Methven— .1 very superior variety, a great fiearer, perfectly hardy, the fruit often measuring six inches in circumference. Price per hundred plants, S5,00 Hovey's Seedling— A splendid fruit, bears abundantly, and worthy of extensive cultivation, *3,00 Keene's Seedling— Large fruit, and of very high flavor and rich perfume, 82,00 Bishop's Orange. — Very fine size and abundant bearer, 82,00 Myall's Pine— A delicious fruit, 82,00 Downton- A superior and large fruit, 82,00 The above varieties are all of the most superior kinds,aDd can be highly recommended. The following old varieties will be furnished at 84,00 per hundred : — Early Virginia, Haulhois, Methven Castle, and Royal Scarlet, English Wood. Where one thousand Planls are ordered, a discount of 2i per cent will be allowed. J^Every Plant *ent from the Gardens will be warranted true. The several varieties, carefully labelled and securely [racked, so as to be transported any distance in safety, and where it is desired, directions for planting and cultivation will accompany the Planls. The monlhs of August and September are the best months in the year for making plantations of this Fruit. Thosa made at this season and properly treated will produce fruit the coining season. Orders enclosing the amount wanted or with references, and lelt with Geo.W. Warren & Co, 192 Washington street, Boston, or forwarded by mail to the subscriber, will receive immediate and careful attention JAMES L. L. F. WARREN, Aug, 15 Nonantum Vale, Brighton. POUDRETTE I POUDUETTE ! I The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for salt, Poudrette in qiianlilies lo suit purchasers; packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or Iransportatioa by wagon or RaU Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many fanners, that ibis manure has the quickest operation upo» vegetable mailer, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orders lelt at the 'New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt attention. For sale by J. BRECK &. CO, 51 and 52 North Market Slreel, Boston. 0<^'- ^^- WANTED A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who is well acquainted with Gardening la its various branches, and who can give satisfactory testimo- nials, wishes a situation. He will, if required, take charee of a horse and cow. Please apply at the Office of the N. E. Farmer, 52 North Market Street. Aug. 8. II.VRRIS' TREATISE OW INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price S2, Also, the second edition of Dana"* Muck Manual, price 62j cts. Feb 14. 96 NEW ENGLAND F A R xM E R SEPT. ao, I84S. MISCELLANEOUS The Gold Watch an Emblem of Socie/;/.— I have now in my liands a gold watch, which combines embellislimeiits and utility in proportions, and is usually considered a very valuable appendase to the person of a gentleman. Its hands, face, chain, and case, are of chased and burnished gold. Its gold seals sparkle with the ruby, tlic topa/,, th.- sapphire and the emerald. I open it, and find that the works without which this elcgmit case would be a mere shell, those hands motionless, and those figures without meaning — are made of brass. I investigate further, and ask, what is the spring by which all these are put in motion, made of? I am told it is made of steel. I ask, what is steel ? The reply is, that it is iron that his undergone a certain process. So then I find the main spring, without wliich the watch would he motionless, and its hands, figures and embellishments but toys, is not of gold — that is not sufficiently good; nor brass — that would not do ; but of iron. Iron is, therefore, a very precious metal ; and this watch an apt emblem of society. Its hands and figures which tell the hour, resemble the master spirits of the age, to whose movements every eye is direct- ed. Its useless but sparkling seals, saphires, ru- bies, topaz, and embellishments, represent the aris- tocracy. Its works of brass, the middle class, by the increasing intelligence and power of which the master-spirits of the age are moved — and its main- spring, siiut up in a bo.T, always at work, hut never thought of, except when disordered, broke, or wants winding up, symbolically the laboring classes — which, like the mainspring, we wind upliy the pay- ment of wages ; and which classes are shut up in obscurity, and thou^'h constantly at work, and ab- solutely as necessary to the movement of society as the iron mainspring is to the gold watcli, are never thought of, except when they require their wages, or arc in some want or disorder of some kind or other. — Edward Everett. if they had been burnt, we should have called it pine coal. No, no, marm, you do us great injus- tice to say that we coal merchants cheat. 'There are tricks in all trades but ours.' Good morning, marm." — Exch. finp. .9 Good Story A good story is told of Elder Ray, an eccentric travelling preacher in Ohio. ■| lie elder, in his travels, always rode on horseback, and was remarkable for having the best piece of horse-Hcsh in the neigliborhood, ju>tly priding him- self on Ins taste in this matter. One day, while going the round of his parish, he was met by a lawyer, who accosted him with, " Elder Ray, yon ministers do not follow the example of your mas- ter— he was content to ride upon a jackass." The elder, with a ready wit, replied, "The fact is, the whole country has been scoured for jackasses to make lawyers of, so that there is not one left for us poor ministers." The knight of the green bag " cut dirt." — Selected. A Genuine Paddy. — An Irishman, the other day, called on a benevolent clergyman of this town, and asked for aid as one of the sufferers by the Fall River fire. The reverend gentleman proceed- ed to question the "sufferer" as to the extent and nature of his loss, and where his property was sit- uated. He replied that he had not yet lived in Fall River; "but, plase your Riverence," says Pat, " / am erpectin' to go there in a very few days !" — JVeiv Bedford Bulletin. " Tricks in all trades hut ours." — Jemmy, my Bon, (said a coal merchant to his young hopeful,) just throw into this load of pine coal, a basket or two of the best maple, birch and alder, and scatter it about well — then I '11 start for morket. " Have some coal today, marm .-" " What sort have you, sir?" " As nice of the kind as you ever saw — the best part of it maple, birch and aider, with a pine slick hero and there." " I 'II take a dozen bushels." The bin is filled, the money paid, and the mer- chant drives on to the next donr. Soon as the dust subsides, the bin is visited, and the quality discovered. Smutty-nose is sent for : he comes back, and coolly looks into the bin. " Well, marm, what 's the matter ?" "I want you to take this pine coal and these brand-ends back, and give mo my money, or I will let the neighbors know what a cheat you are." "A cheat! Why, good woman, I never heard such a charge before in all my born days. I told you what the coal was before you bought it." " Did n't you say the greater part of it was from hard wood ?" " No, marm, I said the best part — and so it is." " You did n't tell me it was half brand-ends." " Good woman, I told you tlicre was a pini; stick here and there, and you see them hero and there — A gentleman dined one day with a dull preacher, and after dinner got asleep in his chair. At church time, the minister awoke him, and requested that he" would go and hear him preach. " Excuse me, sir," said he, " I can sleep very well where I am." HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH, ' Grenl iiTijiiOvements have tiei'ii made the past \cr\r in i form nnd workmanship of these PInughs ; the niinilrl Ik i has heen so formed as to lay the J'vrrorc '•ompielel^f or turninff in evenj particle of grass or slul'ble. ami leririiw pro\m,i in the bcfl possible manner. The leiis;th of i mould [loard has hs a -very murh uicrcasft, so that i Plough Avoiks with the greatest ease, hoih with respecli the lioldini; and ihe learn. The Cominilue at the late tt of Ploughs at Woreester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Ploui we should prefer tor use on a farm, we might iierhaps saj the inquirer, it your land is mosily light and easy to wi try Prouty & Mears, hut if your latiUis hear}/, hard orroc BEGIN WITH Mr. HoWABD's.'' At the aljove mer.t;oned trial the Howard Pl'-ugh more work, tpilh the same pmrer nf team, than any ot plough erhihilid. J\'o other turned more ihan twentyse and one half inches, to the 112 ll.s. draught, while Hnward Plongh tvrned lircntmiinc and one half inches the same poieer of team .' All acknowledge iliat Howai Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhsiantin made. There has lieen quite an improvement made on the sV' or land side of tliis Plough, wtiich can he renewed with having to furufsh a new landside: this shoe likewise sect the mould hoard and landside together, and stiengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Sl5. A Ploii sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost ali Sin 50, and with ciitler St, with wheel and cutter, Sa extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St Nos. 61 & 52 North "Market Street, tiy JOSKPH BRECK & CC CHEESE PRESSES. SEr.F-GOVERNING CHEESE PRESSES— two kinds —lately impro\ed by the Shakers. These are so construct- ed that they govern and regulate themselves without weights, nnd are by far the liest presses now in U55. For mle at the N. E. Agricultural Warehouse. 61 and 62 North .Market itreeL JOS. BRECK ii CO. Juu« 7, 184). ORINDSTONES ON FRICTIOBT ROLLERS Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers moved with a loot Ireader, is lound to he a great imprt meut on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones h in this manner are becoming itaily more in use, and when used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can he alt: ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale'hj BRECK &, Co., No. 51 North Market street. L.^CTOMETERS— a sitntde instrument for test the quality of milk. For sale by J, BRECK & CC NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEKKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not j within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to franl subscriptions and remittancks for newspapers, witJ expense to subscribers. TOTTLK AND DENNETT, FKinTEHai 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH M.iRKET STREET, (AomcuLTnuAi. Wabehoobb.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. ifOl,. ,V\II.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1843. [NO. 13. N. E. FARMER. NQUIRIES RESPECTING THE CULTIVA- TION OF THE CRANIiERRY. A correspondent from Pliiladelphia, wishes iis to jive him some information rcspeclinij tlie mode of ulturo and some particulars about the Cranberry, s produced in our coontry : " the mode of plnnt- ng— "hen to plant— how to prepare the "•round — vliat llie product per acre — and what (if any) are he incidents that may cause a failure of the crop ?" Tilt; cultivation of the Cranberry (Oryroccvs nacrociirpus) is, we believe, but little attended to n Massachusetts, as it grows spontaneously on arge tracts of flat sandy or moss bog meadows in VIedfii'ld, Dedharn, Barnstable, Lmroln, and in nany other sections of the Slate. Formerly, hut ittle attention was paid to the gathering and sell- ng of the fruit, and the meadows were free for all o pick as many as they saw fit. The meadows vere con.'iidered a great nuisance, as they would iroduce but little or no grass when the cranberry lad taken possession, and much pains was taken jy many of the farmers to eradicate the vines by )urning. This was the case in our youthful days, ind we have often seen largo tracts of cranberry neadow undergoing the process of burning, for no Jther ojjcct than this. We have no experience jurselves in the cultivation of the cranberry, nor lave we ever seen a field artificially made ; but :hal they may be profil.ably cultivated, is beyond doubt, as the experiment has been made, and we "ind a f'u- facts in relation to the subject, in the N. R. Farmer, vol. ix. p. 137, copied from the liarnslable Journal, which we republish for the benefit of our correspondent and others : " Cranberries The Barnstable Journal states that Capt. Henry Hail, of Barnstable, has for the last twenty years cultivated cranberries. He has now (Nov. 183(1) about an acre of ground under lukivati.in. For the last ten years he has raised an averiiije of 70 bushels, and in some favorable seasons, 100 bushels. Sandy bog-land is the soil best adapted to their growth, and it should be kept well drained. Capt. Hall has a tract of about four acres en- closed, which he calls his ' Cranberry Yard,' of a Jamp sandy soil, surface nearly level, and where uot planted with cranberries, covered with rushes ind swamp brush. The cranberry vines were set iround on the borders of the ' yard,' some on land elevated two or three feet above the general level of the surface. The vines grow most vigorously, and the berries are of a better quality and more abundant where the soil is most sandy and damp. In very dry seasons, the cranberries are liable to be eaten and destroyed by worms ; but in gene- ral, are, under skilful manageinent, as certain a crop as any kind of grain or garden vegetable. 'I'he manner of transplanting is simple. Holes are dug four feet apart, made deeper than for corn ; into e.'-ch of these, sods of vines are placed. The cranberry has creeping roots, spreads very rapidly, and in three years from the time of planting, will entirely cover the ground. If the land is over- grown with hushes, they must first be removed ; but it is not necessary to destroy rushes, for the cranberry vines will do that in a few years. When the land is very low or covered with a thick growth of weeds and rushes, Capt. Hall prac- tices spreading over it a quantity of beach sand before planting. No other cultivation is performed or required, than to keep the land drained, and cat- tle from injuring the vines. The cranberries sell from .*! to $\ 50 per luichel, and the cost for pick- ing is 20 cents per bushel." The article concludes by staling tliat Mr F. A. Ilayden, of Lincoln, gathered from his farm in that town, in 1830, four hundred bushels of cranber- ries, which he sold for ,$(iOO, in the city of Boston. The editor of the Genesee Farmer makes the following comments upon the above article, as published in the N. E. Far., vol. ix. p. 251 : " Now where is the propriety of farmers emigra- ting to Michigan or the Rocky Mountains, when they can be compensated for their labor in this manner, in the immediate vicinity of our large cit- ies, where the comforts of life and the blessings of civilization are so easily obtained. " Now let us look a little further into this busi- ness. If we go to raising cranberries, where shall we find a market ? This is a very natural ques- tion, but is easily answered : Go where Mr Hay- den went, if you are not suited with the New York market. Cranberries, unlike most other kinds of small fruits, are capable of being transported to Europe, without suffering by the voyage, and we have seen American cranberries selling in London at eight dollars per bushel, as fresh as when gath- ered from the marshes." The editor then proceeds to compare this kind of farming with the raising of wheat in the north- ern part of Ohio and Michigan, and comes to the following result : "The net profit of wheat per acre is S4 — that of cranberries, .$85." This was according to the price of each commodity at that time (1830.) He remarks further: "Thus it would appear that the net profit of one acre of cranber- ries in New England, would be equal to that of twenlyone and a quarter acres of wheat in the northern part of Ohio and Michigan : now this is all well: there are some people who seem to re- quire care to make them happy ; and thus by emi- gration, they can increase their cares twenty fold, on the same amount of business." We suppose tiiat the best way to propagate the cranberry, where there are no plants to be conve- niently obtained, would be by seed. The best mode to do this would suggest itself to any com- mon cultivator, after having been informed of the proper soil to grow them in. We should try the experinienl by sowing the seed in drills, about 15 inches apart, in autumn, and when grown, trans- plant them to the place where wanted. We have ourselves paid $12 per barrel for cran- berries fur a friend to ship to London: this was in Q season of scarcity. The failure of a crop is sometimes occasioned by a frost in the beginning of June. We have never noticed any other cause of failure. The berries are gathered with an instrument called a cranberry rake, which scoops them off the vines, and when the operation is well and carefully performed, but few are left behind. We have thus given all the information respect- ing the cranberry that we are at present in posses- sion of. If this fruit is still successfully cultiva- ted, and any thing of importance touching the sub- ject can be added, we should be happy to receive it. J. B. For the N. E. Farmer. ROSR-BUGS— WHALE-OIL SOAP. J\lr Editor — The Rose-bugs have, in this vicini- ty, of late years, become extremely numerous, and very destructive, not only of roses, but of grapes, and many other kinds of fruit, eating the apples, peaches, cherries, &c. There were this year thou- sands of cherry stems and stones left on tho branch- es of my cherry trees, from which the Rose-hugs had eaten all the eatable part of the fruit. Some persons had their whole crops of fruit destroyed by these bugs. Whale-oil soap has been said to be a preventive of mischief from Rose-bugs. I have tried it. I made a strong suds with whale-oil soap, and threw it plentifully on the vines, trees and fruit, but the next day I found that the Rose- bugs were more plenty where I put the whale-oil soap-suds, than they had ever been before. We caught and destroyed a number of quarts of them, but after this it was estimated that bushels were left. The best way which I have found to cateh them is to take a small and deep tin cup, (a tin pint measure answers well,) hold this under the bugs with one hand, and as the bugs see your oth- er hand approaching, and jump to avoid it, they fall into the cup, from which they cannot climb out like a wasp, and as they cannot fly directly up- wards, they cannot fly out over the top of the cup, till the cup is nearly full. Can you tell us of any way, Mr Editor, by which .ee can preserve our delicious fruits from the rava- ges of the Roso-bngs. Yours, very respeetfully, ASA M. HOLT. East Haddam, Conn., Sept. i\th, 1843. Remarks et J. B. — The Rose-bug is one of the most annoying insects which prey upon the products of the garden, when they appear in great numbers, as they have in many places the present season. We have had some experience ourselves with them in seasons past, and know of no better method to get rid of them, than the one named by our correspondent, except that we use a tin wash dish, which being much broader, is more effectual. Whale-oil soa;), if properly applied, is sure death to slugs, lice, and many species of worms ; but for the rose bug, squash bugs, &c., we doubt its efhcacy. If any one knows a method to get rid of these troublesome insects, they will center a favor upon the public by sending it to us for publication. 98 NEW ENGLAND FARMER SEPT. S7, 1813. FIFTKENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION OF THK MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, On the V3lh, Ulh, and 15th of Sept. J 843. A bountiful Providence having' crowned with succpse the labors of the husbantlrnnn, and filled hjs garners with the rich products of the or- clinrd and the garden, the annual and accustom- ed Exhibition of the Mas.sachu8etts Horticultural Society was held at their room. No. 23 Tremont Row, on the 13th, 14lh and 1.5lli of September. The decorations of the hall were much the same as on former occasions. The number of pot plants was limited, yet there were enough to ornament the hall in a neat and appropriate manner, without crowding them together in dense masses, they be- ing grouped in a becoming manner, giving an airi- ness to the room that was pleasing and agreeable to the eye. Souie fine specimens of the noble Palm were generously sent in from the conserva- tory of J. P. Gushing, Watertown, which were greatly admired. Valuable contributions of choice grei-n-house plants were also exhibited by the Pre- sident of the Society, and by Messrs. VVinsliip, Carter, Sweetser, Meller, and Warren. We would notice in particular the fine condition of the plants presented l)y Mr Teschemacher, from the Public Conservatory: Brunia ericoides, Gloxinia rubra. Begonia platanifolia, Achimenes longiflora (a very fine specimen,) Achimenes coccinea, a number of seedling Camellias of 1842, showing the extraordi- nary effect of ^»ano on the color and size of the foliage; also other Camellias, treated with various proportions of very finely pulverized wood char- coal : the growth of these seemed superior. A eeedling .Acacia lophanlha, 1842, watered once a week for three months, with a very dilute solution of nitrate of soda, 2 1-2 feet high, showing bloom, with several other experimental plants, attracted much attention. Large nnd showy bouquets of Dahlias and other cut flowers were exhibited by Messrs. Carter, Warren, Howard, and W. Ken- rick, and an obelisk of Asters, representing Bunker Hill Monument, by Mr S. Sweetser, and a pyramid of the same flowers by S. A. Walker — all of which were attracting, from the taste displayed in their composition. Inconsequence of the failure of the Dahlia bloom, (which in former years has rendered tlie show so gorgeous,) the display of flowers was apparently deficient ; yet the Asters were displayed 111 great variety and perfection, of good size, finely quilled, and in almost every variety of tint and color. The number and variety of other autumnal flowers was quite good, but not large. A fine stand of perpetual and other Roses were shown by the Messrs. Hovey and Mr S. R. Johnson. The beauliful Phloxes from the President of the Socie- ty and also by Messrs. Breck & Co., were greatly and deservedly admired. The display of Fruits was really fine. Pears nnd Plums were shown in more numerous varieties than on any former occasion : the specimens were uncommonly fair. The Grapes were generally good, particularly those shown by Mr Haggerston, from the grapery of Mr Gushing — Black Hamburg, Syrian, Muscat of Alexandria, White Frontignac, and Sweetwater — all of which were rich in bloom, color, and flavor — as were also the specimens from Messrs. Johnson, of Lynn ; Allen, of Salem; and Howard, of Brooklinc. The show of Apples was also good It is diSicult to discriminate where there were so many beautiful specimens, but the committee would fail in duty to the Society and to their own feelings, if they omitted to designate some of the best which were exhibited, and which attracted the notice of all discriminating visitors. In the collection of the Pre.'iident were noticed ex- tra fine specimens of Pears, viz: the Columbian, Duchess d' Angouleme, Urhaniste, Summer Thorn, dishing and Dix, and rich specimens of Coe's Golden Drop and Red Gage Plums. From E. Vose, Urbaniste, Flemish Beauty, Dix, Bezi de la Motte and Cashing Pears. From S. H. Walley,jr., fine Bartlett and Marie Louise Pearg. In the col- lection of S. Walker, Bartlett and Vicar of Wink- field Pears, extra fine. From Messrs. Hovey & Co., excellent specimens of Beurre Remain, Napo- leon, Roi de Wirteniberg Pears, and a fine seedling Peach, rich and melting. From F. W. Macondry, Washington (extra fine,) Seckel, Flemish Beauty, Summer Thorn, and Passe Colinar Pears — all good. Apples were exliibited by Mr A. D. Capen, of Dor- chester, which attracted much notice from their mammoth size. Mr S. Pond had some fine speci- mens of Dix and Gushing Pears, and Plums. We noticed several fine specimens of fruit in the col- lection of the Messrs. Winship ; also in the same collection were fair specimens of ripe Figs, which we were informed by Mr Story, were from plants grown in the open ground. Franc Real, Julienne, Easter Beurre, Catillac, St. Ghislain and St. Ger- main Pears, from Otis Johnson, Lynn, were all fine, aa were also his Duane's Purple Plums. In the collection of J. Lovett, 2d, Beverly, was notic- ed a box of Imperial and Goliah Plums, and also specimens of Peaches, the product of the same tree. All the fruit from this gentleman was very fine. Mr Jacob Deane, Mansfield, had very fair speci- mens of seedling Apples. Coe'a Golden Drop Plum, from Mr Vandine, and the same in the col- lection of J. Lovett, 2d, were extra fine. From the Pomological Garden, Salem, we noticed fine specimens of Hacon's Incomparable, Marie Louise, Beurre d' Amalis, Golden Beurre of Bilhoa, and other fine Pears. Among the contributions of Cheever Newhall, were fine specimens of the Bart- lett, Surpasse Virgalouse and Louis bonne de Jer- sey Pears, and Benoni Apples— and from George Newhall, Louis bonne de Jersey Pears. From E. S. Bradshaw, beautiful Washington Plums. W. B. Kingsbury's Bajtlett Pears were judged to be the finest exhibited. S. A. Slnirtleflf showed very fine Egg Plums. From W. Thomas, fine Duchess d' Angouleme and Bartlett Pears. From S. & G. Hyde, fine Hubbardston Nonsuch Apples, Jaques Peaches, and other fine fruit. Time would fail us to mention all the fine specimens of fruit on the tables, but we must not forget the very fine Du- ane's Purple Plums, from Joseph Atkinson, Lynn ; nor the fine Porter Apples from John Owen; nor the Reine Claude Violet Plums, from J. M. Ives ; nor the beautiful Grapes from Mr Arnold ; nor the very fine specimens of Pears and other fruit from J. F. Allen. There were many other highly meri- torious specimens of fruits in the contributions of other gentlemen, deserving of notice, but our mem- ory fails us to particularize farther. The follow- ing is the report of the Exhibition : FRUITS. From the President of the Society : Pears — var. Fondante du Bois ; St. Germain (striped) ; Beurre d' Amalis ; Louise bonne (of Jersey) ; Brown Beur- re ; Burnett; Ananas d' Ete ; Passe Colmar ; Al- pha; Beurre Diel ; Verle Longue ; Duches.-^e d* Angouleme; Biifi'um ; Vicar of Winkfield (Mona. le Cure); Bon Chretien Fondante; Washington; Jaininelte ; Urbaniste ; Naptdeon ; Remsen's" Fa- vorite ; Verle longue de Automne ; Heathcote ; Cluiumontel ; King Edward's; Summer Thorn; Belle et Bonne ; Valle Franche ; Cumberland ; Wilkinson; Thompson; Columbian; Cantelope ; Seckel ; Dix; Julienne; Gilogil ; Gushing: An- drews ; Uvedale's St. Germain ; Catillac ;°Green Pear of Vair; Belle Lucrative; La Fortunce; Gloiit Morccau ; Beurre de Paques ; Comprette ; Marie Louise; Belmont; Duchesso de Mars ; Belle Angerinc; Sabine; Passans de Portugal; Lewis; Doyenne gris ; Bleeker's Meadow; Ne plus iMeuris ; Unknown; Hericart ; Beurre d' Aremberg; Striped Rousselet ; Bellissime de Au- tomne; Bergomot Suisse; Rouse Leuch ; Hessel ; Beurre Bronze; Sucre Vert; Black Worce.ster; Dearborn's Seedling ; Unknown from France ; Prince's St. Germain ; Bergamot de Swede ; Poire de Tonneau ; Cuvelier; Beurre de Angletrre; Raster Beurre ; Poire de Livre ; Queen Caroline ; Williams's Bon Chretien ; Paquency ; Mon Dien ; Autumn Superb; Fulton; Liiquet ; Beurre de Ca- piauniont; Ananas, of the French ; Remain Car- melile ; Surpasse Virgoulouse ; Epine d' Hiver. Peaches — Name unknown ; Gross Mignonne. Plums— Coe'a Golden Drop; Smith's Orleans; Blue Imperatrice ; Corse's Field Marshal ; Reine Claude Violet. From the Messrs. Winship: Pears — Fulton; Ananas ; Bergainotte Easter; Beurre(?) Seckel ; Doyenne Blanc; Gloiit Morceau ; Doyenne (.') Bartlett; Tillington; Belle Lucrative ; Pyrus Spn- rca ; Gushing ; Deux Tetes ; Colmar d' Ete ; Beur- re du Compte ; Marquis : Napoleon ; French St. Michael; Massachneetls ; Fortunee ; Surpaa?e St. Germain; Rousset ; Archiduc Jean d' Autriche ; Beurre Brown ; Wilkinson ; Pelford ; Roi de Wur- temberg ; Martin Sec ; Bon Chretien ; Passe Col- mar; Bellisime de Automne ; Cumberland ; Beurre Diel; Beurre de Amalis ; Colmar; Sieiille ; Bflle deBruxelles; Andrew's; Bru.«hmore's Bnn Chre- tien ; Scotch Bonnet ; Catillac; Inconnue Chciioau ; St. Ghislain; Bon Chretien Fondante; Bleeker's Meadow. Plums — Rocky Mountain; White Gage; Pur- ple Egg (fine); Duane's Purple ; Belle de Rion ; Blue Imperatrice ; Nectarine. .Ipples—YeWow and Red Crab ; Grand Sachem ; Variety.' Baldwin; Russet; Gardner Sweeting; Greening; Dwarfs; Api ; Reinette de Newton; Calville Rouge d' Hiver ; Reinette Franche ; Rein- ette Grisc. Figs, open culture : Shepardia berries : Tree Cranberries. From Cheever Newhall, Dorchester: ./l/iples Hawthorndean; Benoni; Rhode Island Greening. Pears — Passe Colmar; Bartlett; Beurre d' A- malis; Urbaniste; Roi de Wiirteinburg ; Heath- cote; Napoleon ; Surpasse Virgoulouse ; Harrison. From Edward M. Richards, Dedham : Pears Bartlett ; Vert Longue ; Harvard ; Gushing ; Sum- mer Thorn ; Seckel. .Ipples—FaW Sops of Wine; Hawthorndean; Red and Green Sweeting. From the Pomological Garden, (of the late R. Manning) Salem: Pears — Belle et Bonne ; Glout TOL. XTIt. NO. n. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 99 klorcpau ; Green Pear of Yair ; Ciisliinjr ; Wilkin- 011 ; French Autumn Bergninot ; Wliitfield ; Ilen- fylV. ; Jnloiisio ; Doivntmi ; SurpiiRse Maurice; [Inii.'iseletle de Meeplpr ; Choliiisfnrd ; Cnrnpte de Liancy ; Reine des Hoirce ; Bi'lle Ijucrative ; Beiir- ■e Br'uize; Cuen du Prance; Iron; Passe Colrnar; k^aloc Fraiiclie ; Clara; Parlleau ; Nanmkcaij; Gasti'r Beurro ; Ainandes; Andrews; Turkish 3on Chretien ; Marquia ; Flemish Beauty; M^irie uoiiise ; Bonchretien Fondante ; Potind ; Sci.-kel ; Jeurre Niell ; Quilletette ; Renville; tSurpasse rjrgoulouse; Huguenot; Iloricarl; Ca[)iauuii>nt ; Jlt'ikcr's Mi'adnw ; Comprette j Form Urhaniste ; )u(|iicinc ; Muscadine; Winter Nelis; Bcurre Duval ; Louis of Bnloijna ; Dumortier ; Jaminette ; |5eiirrf d' Areniberu ; Styrian ; Hessel ; Catillac ; Bt. Germain ; Golden Beurre of Bilboa ; Hcatlicote ; St. Michael ; Brown Beurre; Allhorp Crassane : phaumontel ; Sieulle ; Nova Marie Louise ; Croft Castio ; Urbaniste , Louise bonne de Jersey ; renntyivania ; Emerald; Gilogil ; Priucesse of |)rau;;e; Brande's St. Germain ; Vacat ; Marulis ; |!reen Sugiar ; Beurre Beauchamps ; Rouse Lench ; "lemi.-h Sabine ; Summer Thorn ; Fulton ; Fa- lienija ; Dix ; Doyenne ftris ; Bezi de la Motte ; luvelier : Echasserie ; Johonnot ; Enfari Prodige ; 'ope'a Russet ; Sullivan ; Calebasse ; Beurre Hose ; Mons. le Cure ; I)uqiie.'?ne d' Elo ; Striped wiss Bergainot ; Doyenne Nouvelle Bossuck ; lezi Montigny ; Tillington ; Hanna's ; Form of )elight ; St. Andre ; Napoleon ; Krinrelsbirne ; :|.oii.ssclelte Stutpard ; Striped Rnuaselelte : Jai- ■usie de Vendee de Fortenay ; John Dean ; Wil- lelrnina ; Navez ; Beurre Delbecy ; Delight of odoiqiie ; Coter ; Long Green of Europe ; Dear- orn's ; Miciiaux ; Buffum ; Alpha ; Bouquia ; ioi do Wurternburg ; Queen of the Low Coun- S'ies ; Hawthorne's Seedling ; Fondante Van ifons ; Bi'urre Diel ; Lewis ; Hacon's Incompara- lle ; Charles of Austria ; Doyenne Mons. ; Beur- e CuUor ; liergamot Fortunee ; Harvard ; Dear- orn's Seedling; Cabot; Van Assene ; Ananas !' Eti? , Commodore ; Long Green of Coxe ; King Idw.-.rJ ; Jubin ; Beurre Amandes ; Bartlett ; llizaheth ; St. Ghislain ; Beurre d' Amalis ; Cap- heaf; Ambrosia, ten var. ; No.s. 120.5,432,365, 98, 177, 1.586, 108, 969, 1103, and 1.590 of Van Ions ; two var. from Dr. Van Mons, without Nos. Jlpples — Hawthorndean ; Red Crab, two var. ; kerry Pippin ; Yellow Bellflower ; Pennock ; Lys- om ; Ribstone Pippin ; Longville's Kernel ; Ram- our d' Ete ; Triangle; Jhoins ; Caas; Kraam ; lininter ; Stratt ; Cornisli Amateur ; Sheep's nose ; 'onouillet Rouge ; Murphy ; Fall Harvey ; Wine- ap ; Rhode Island Greening; Danvers Winter Iweot ; Fameuse ; Smokehouse ; Pound. Peaches — Red PiartTipe ; Noblesse ; Malta ; led and Yellow Rareripe. Plums — Diamond ; Dominie Dull ; Kirk'a plum ; lolmnr'ri Washington ; Corse's Victoria ; Lucom- e's Nonsuch ; Green Gage ; Italian Prune. From Elijah Vose, Dorchester: Pears — Duch- S8 d' Angouleme; Bartlett; Gushing; St. Ghis- lin ; Dearborn's Seedling; Napoleon; Urban- ste ; Dix ; Iron ; Belle de Flanders ; Long Green : ^mbrelte ; Bicknell, or Quince ; Prince's St. Ger- nain ; Bezi de la Motte. ] Apples — Gravenstein ; Hawthorndean ; Summer I'earmain ; Mackay's Sweeting. j From J. P. Gushing, VVatertown, by D. Haggera- |nn : Grtipes — Muscat of Alexandria; Poonah ; ilack Hamburgh ; White Frontignac ; Syrian ; ■Sweet N'l'ater. A'eclarwes — Newington ; Red Roman, (New- ington) ; Elrtigc ; Brinion, (Violette Hativc.) From Thos. H. Perkins, Brookline, by Wm. Quant: Crapes — White Muscat of Alexandria; Black Hamburg ; Black Frankendale ; Black Fron. tignac. Ptiirhcs — George IV. ; Hill's Madeira ; variety name unknown ; riroomfield Nectarine. Persian Green-fleshed PJelon. From Samuel Walker. Roxbury : Pears — Bart- lett ; Flemish Beauty; Beurre d' Amalis; Vicar of Winklield ; Duchesse d' Angouleme ; Fondan- te (Van Mons); Duchesse de Mars; Andrews; one var. name unknown ; Dearborn's Seedling? Summer Franc Real ; Beurre Capiaumont ; Passe Co I mar. From E. Wight, Dedham : Pears — Calabasue ; Doyenne ; Napoleon ; ButTum ; Beurre Bronze ; Bleeker's Meadow ; Long Green ; Verte Longue d' Automne ; Thompson ; St. Ghislain ; Urbaniste ; Dix; Ambrette, La Fortunee; Julienne; Passe Colmar ; Easter Beurre; Louis bonne de Jersey ; Summer Thorn ; Brown Beurre ; Lewis. JJpples — Gilliflower ; Pond ; Tliiii Skin ; Seed- ling Baldwin ; Mackay's Sweeting ; Warren's Non- pareil ; Benoni ; Porter ; Wine ; R. Island Green- '"? ; Spice Sweeting ; Sweet Russet Seedling. From Otis Johnson, Lynn : Pears — Franc Real d' Ete ; Epine d' Ete ; Julienne ; Dearborn's Seed- ling ; Bartlett; St. Michael ; Louis bonne de Jer- sey ; Washington; Callabasse ; Jalousie ; Charles of Austria ; Buffum ; Easter Beurre ; Beurre d' Aremberg ; Princess of Orange: Catillac; Cusli- ing ; St. Ghislain; Vicar of Winkficld ; Green Sugar ; Harvard ; Long Green of Autumn ; Duch- ess d' Angouleme ; Bleeker's Meadow ; Napoleon; Beurre Diel ; Roi de Wirtemburg ; Prince's St. Germain ; Uvodale's St. Germain ; Hcathcote. Plums — Dunne's Purple; Bolmar Washington. From Josiah Lovett, 2d, Beverly : Pears — St. Ghislain; Bartlett; Hazel; Prince's St. Germain ; Calebasse ; Frederick of Wirtemburg ; Hericart ; Bezi de la Motte ; St. Michael ; Van Mons, No. 896; Williams's Bon (Chretien ; 3 specimens from a scion set 17th Aug. 1842. Plums — Goliah ; Long Blue : Coe's Golden Drop. Also, Imperial and Goliah Plums and Peaches from the same tree. Box of seedling Currants. From J. F. Allen, Salem : Pears — Summer Bon Chretien; Cabot; Seckel ; St. Michael; Capiau- mont; Gansell's Bergarnot ; Summer Franc Real ; Bartlelt; Dearborn's Seedling ; Napoleon; Verte Longue. Grapes — Black Hamburg ; Black Prince; Chas- selas de Bar Sen Anbe. From F. W. Macondray, Dorchester : Pears — Seckel; Gushing; Bergarnot; Washington; Sum- mer Thorn ; Flemish Beauty ; Passe Colmar. From L. P. Grosvenor, Pomfret, Conn. : Pears — Bartlett; St. Ghislain ; Julienne; Passe Colmar ; Ilardenpont ; Wilkinson ; Benrre Diel ; Urbaniste. Apples — Spitzenberg; Benoni ; Williams ; Com- pany ; Hill-top; Black; Summer Pearmain ; Pip- pin; Hawthorndean; Chandler; Baldwin. Peaches — two varieties of Seedlings, unnamed. From J. C. Howard, Brookline : Pears — Bart- lett ; Duchess d' Angouleme ; St. Michael ; Beur- ro Did ; Summer Bon Chretien ; Napoleon ; Hour- re d' Amalis; IMarie Louise. Peachss — Royal George ; Co(didgc's Favorite. Grapes — White Chasselas, open culture; Black Hamburg ; Chasselas de Fonlainblcu ; Golden Chasselas. From John M. Ives, Salem : Pears — Summer Franc Real ; Capiaumont ; Hazel ; Buffum ; Ful- ton ; Cusliing ; Belle Lucrative; Beurre Bosc ; Cabot ; Dearborn's Seedling ; Andrews ; Princess of Orange ; Flemish Beauty ; Washington ; Beur- re Romain ; Bartlett; Gilogil; (jolden Beurre of Bilboa ; Brown Beurre ; Wilkinson ; Seckle ; Napoleon ; Josephine. Plums — Nectarine; Imperial; Scarlet Gage; Reine Claude Violet ; Cruger's Seedling ; Violet Perdrigon ; Green Gage ; Diapree ; Red Gage. Cornelian Cherries. From J. L. L. F. Warren's Garden, Brighton : Pears — Bartlett ; Martin Sec ; Easter Beurre ; Brown Beurre ; St. Michael; Julienne; Summer Franc Real ; Doyenne ; Sieulle ; Bezi de Mon- tigny ; Bezi de la Motte; Seckel; Duchess de Angouleme; Beurre d' Amalis; Rousselette de Rheims ; Buffum ; Bergarnot ; Napoleon ; Urban- iste ; Catillac ; Doyenne d' Hiver ; Princess of Orange ; Franc Real d' Hiver ; Easier Bergarnot ; Louis bonne de Jersey ; Heathcote ; 9 varieties not named. .Apples — Gloria Mundi ; Grand Sachem; Haw- thorndean ; Porter ; Baldwin ; Russell ; Greening ; Lancaster; Ortley Pippin ; Golden Russett ; War- ren's Spice; Seedling; Lady Apple ; Red Sibe- rian ; Yellow Siberian; 4 varieties not named. Peaches — Lemon Clingstone ; Royal George ; President; Lemon Rareripe; George IV.; Late Admirable ; Coolidge's Favorite ; Gross Mignonne ; two var. seedlings ; four var. not named. JVeclarines — Pitmaston. Grapes — Royal Chasselas ; Black Hamburfr. Plums — Magnum Boniim ; Bingham ; Princo'is Imperial Gage ; Goliah; Duane's Purple; White Gage; Purple Gage; Egg Plum; Purple Dam- son ; Green Gage. From Samuel Pond, Cambridgeport ; Peart — Julienne; Wilbur; Gushing; Andrews; Belle Lucrative : Wilkinson ; Easter Bourre ; Nnpoleon ;■ Surpasse Virgoulouse ; Capiaumont ; Dix ; Ur- baniste ; Marie Louise; Beurre D'iel ; Burnet;. Duchess d' Angouleme ; Jolionnot; Secke! ; St.. Ghislain ; Bartlelt. From S. H. Wal ley, Jr., Roxbury : Pears — Eas- ter Beurre; Bartlett; Vicar of Winkfield ; St. Ghislain ; Marie Louise ; Seckel. Peaches — Coolidge's Favorite : 3 doz. From S. R. Johnson, Charlestown : Plums — Bolmer Washington. Grapes — Sweetwater: out-door culture: thre& dishes: fine. From VVni. Stearns, Salem : Pears — Summer Thorn ; Winter Nelis ; Chelmsford ; Catillac ; Belle et bonne ; St. Michael; Ronville; Bishop's Thumb; Seckle; Chaumontelle ; Summer Franc Real; Orange Pear ; Brown Beurre; Empress of Summer; Summer Bon Oiretien ; Bartlett ; Wash- ington ; Endicott ; Rousselette de Rhciius ; Napo- leon. Jlpples — Jarvis ; Andrews' Sweet. From Hovey &i Co., Boston : Pears — Napoleon ; Beurre Romain ; Brown Beurre ; Long Green of Autumn; Beurre de Mons (?) Plums — Cooper's Large Red ; Blue Impera- trice. JJpples — Baldwin ; Hawthorndean. Seedling Peaches. From Samuel A. Walker, Brookline : Pears— 100 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, SEPT. 37, 1843. Bartlelt ; Sockel ; Cross ; Coffin's Virgalieu ; Charles uf Austria ; Franc Real ; Heathcote. Cole's narly Peaches. From G. Mcrriani, West Newton : Peaches — Red Rareripe ; 2 dishes do. do. very fine. From C. W. Rockwell, Norwich, Ct. : Grapes — Syrian, one dish. From J. Ballister, Dorchester: Pears — Gushing; Beurrc Diel ; Fulton ; liarllett. .Apples — Baldwin. From John F. Trull, Dorchester: Pears — An- drews ; Ciitillac ; HIack Worcester ; Bartlett ; Vi- car of Winkfield ; Capiaumont ; Beurre d' Amalis. Cornelian Cherries. From Stacy Curtis, Roxhury : Peaches — one dish, very hrcre and fine, without name. Pears — Bartlett; Belle et bonne. From George Brown, Beverly : Pears — Bart- lett ; Seckel : Jalousie. From Josiah Newhall, Lynnfield: Pears — Vi- car of Winkfield ; Florelle (?) Smith's Orleans Plums. From Thomas Dowse, Cambridgeport : Pears — HarvUrd ; Seckel ; Verte Longue. From Arthur Fay : Peaches — no name. From John Washburn, Plymouth : Seedling Pears. From George Thatcher : two var. Peaches. From Wm. Meller, Roxbury : Black Hamburg Grapes. Two dishes Smith's Orleans Plums. Four var. Peaches, name unknown. Bartlett Pears, and var. name unknown. Nonesuch Apples. From J. F. Pierce, Dorchester : Squash Apples. From A. D. Capen, Dorchester: Apples. From Elbridge Tufts, Cambridge : Pears — An- ■drews ; Epargne ; Summer Bon Chretien; St. Michael. JlppUs — ^Porter. From Daniel Chaplin, Cambridge: Pears — Cat- iliac ; Winter Bon Chretien. From A. C. & W. Curtis, Newton Lower FalU : Sweetwater Grapes, out-dnor culture. From R. M. Copeland : Sweetwater Grapes, out- door culture. From Seth F,. Hardy : Bartlett Pears. From Wm. Thoma.s, Boston : Pears — Duchess ■3' Angouleme ; Sl Jijcliael ; Washington; Bart- lett. Seedling Apricots. Thomas's Plums. From H. Vandine, 'Cambridge: Pears — Beurre Diel; Beurre Spence ; New Long Rosewater Hardenpont ; Marie Louise ; Seckel ; Bon Chre tien ; Spanish Bon Chretien ; Moor Torrol ; St, Michael. Plums — Coe's Golden Drop ; Smith's Orleans New Orleans ; Yellow Egg Plum ; Italian Prune White Imperial Gage. Peaches — Golden Purple Clingstone; Royale Yellow ; Melacatune. From John liumstead, Roxbury : J}pples — Glo- ria Mundi ; Ribston Pippin. Pears — Beurre d' Angleterre; Seckel. Plums — Egg Plum ; Duane's Purple. From John Arnold, jr., Milton: Black Hamburg Grapes. From T. A. ShurtlefF, Brookline: Egg Plum. From Wm. B. Kingsbury, Roxbury : Bartlett Pears. From Mrs. Adam?, Roxbury : Bartlett Pears : 2 dozen, very fine. From Geo. Newhall, Dorchester: Pears — Cum- berland ; Beurre Bosc ; Urbaniste ; Julien ; Dix ; Passe Colmar; Fulton; Seckel; Bartlett. Royal Purple Clingstone Peaches. From Josiah Gilmore, Newton: Jipples — Mon- strous Pippin ; Golden Ball ; Lady Apple. Harvard Pear. From Wm. Kenrick, Newton: Pears — Flemish Beauty. From James Munroe, Cambridge : Pears — Lou- ise Bonne d' Jersey, Capiaumont; Calabasse ; Vicar of Winkfield ; var. unknown. Peach, var. unknown. From Aaron D. Weld, Roxbury: Pears — Bart- lett ; two vars. unknown, for name. From Isaac Davis, Dorchester: Peaches, name unknown. From John A. Kenrick : Plums — Duane's Pur- ple ; Lombard ; Washington ; Prince's Imperial ; Sweet Damson ; Smith's Orleans ; Yellow Gage. Jipples — Cogswell ; Yellow Siberian Crab. Pears — Seckel ; Bartlett ; Napoleon. From Thomas .Mason, Roxhury : Grapes — White Muscat of Alexandria; White Hamburg; Black Prince ; White Frontignac. Two dishes Bartlett Pears. From Aaron D. Williams, Roxbury: Pears — Harvard ; Bartlett ; Bun Chretien. Plums — Green Gage; Bolmar Washington ; Yellow Gage ; Orleans ; Corse's ; Red Gage. Black Hamburg Grapes. From Mrs. Bigelow, Medford : Pears — Summer Bon Chretien ; St. Michael ; Bartlett. Yellow Rareripe Peaches. From Jacob Deane, Mansfield : Jpples — Fall Sopsavine ; Golden Russet; Reinette; Tender Sweet ; Monstrous Pippin ; Vermont Sweet ; White Apple; Seedling from do.; Hey Bey; Sweet Superb ; Spice Sweet ; Seedling from do. ; Sugar Cluster Russet; Summer Pearmain ; 15oy- den Sweet; Winter Sweet Russet; Wine Ap- ple ; 5 var. of seedling Apples. Peaches — Clingstone and Large Early. From S. & G. Hyde, Newton : Jipples — Bouali Harvest ; Hubbardston Nonesuch ; High Top Sweeting. Peaches — Cutter's Red and Yellow ; Red and Yellow Rareripe ; Hastings' Rareripe ; Red Cling- stone ; Jafjues' Yellow — very fine. Pears — Catillac ; Bufl^um ; Seedlings from the Seckel. From E. E. Bradshaw, Charlestown : Plums — Bolmar's Washington; Prince's Imperial Gage. From J. Owen, Cambridge : Peaches, Pears, Apples, (Porter) and Grapes. From Joseph A. Atkinson, Lynn : Duane's Pur- ple Plums. A box of Honey from the apiary of Mr Obadiah Had win, of Worcester. FLOWERS. From the President : Phlox Breckii, P. decus- sata, Richardson's new Red, P. picta (new ; very beautiful) ; Bourbon, China, ami Tea Ivoses, new varieties ; Dahlias— Essex Triumph, Marshal Soult, Constantia, Grace Darling, Primrose, Argo ; new Verbenas, viz. Queen, Emperor, alba super- ba, Wiisonii, variegata, Stc. ; in all 15 var. Fuel)-. ias, meteor and gem (new.) G/oxiana rubra. From S. H. VValley, jr., Roxbury ; Dahlias and German Asters. From Wm. Meller, Ro.\bury ; Lemon, Euge- nia, Myrtifulia, Diosma Ericoides, Diosnia do. (2 1 plant,?,) two pots Vinca alba, Vinca rosea, Fiicbia tenella, Noisette Lamaique, Splendid Noisette;; Erica coiiseniia. Phlox Druiiiinoiiili, Y'tllow Tea Rose, Asclej)ias snlsinfulia ; Dahlias, Roses, Chi- na Asters, and 4 Bouquets. ] From Wm. E. Carter : Strelilzia regina, S. juii-i cea, Rhododendron arboreii, Agapanlhus umbelhi- tii, Hoya Cariiosa, Dombega Ferregiiiea, Dracena fragrans, Laurus Indica, L. exaltata, Lautana cam- mosa. Cactus senilis, Diosma ericoides, Aspidiiiiii exnitatum, Liatris (2 plants,) Acacia falcata, do. dalbata. Polyanthus tuberosa, Criiium sp., Colchi- cum variegatum, Eiiobulrya Japonica, Teconia.i grandiflora, Eleagnus orientalis, Eugenia malac-- ceiisis, Borya legustriiia, Meleleuca glauca, Pittos- porum iiiidulatum, Carolinea jirinceps, Sparnnau- ia Africana, Tabernaniontana coronana, Coffea, Thea viridis, Camelia Japonica hybrida, Wrightea coccinea, Laurus caniphora, Meleleuca fimbriata, Pinus lialepensis, Nandina domeslica. Magnolia aiHioefolia, Hedychium Ganlnerianum, Illicium Floriilamiin, Physalis frutescens, Achinienes longi- flora ; Dahlias; 11 Bouquets. From Samuel A. W^alker, Brookline : Dahlias, viz. Essex Triumph (fine,) Giiling's Prince ot Wales (fine,) Mrs. Jones, Mrs. Riishton, McKen- zie's Perfection, Beamy of the North, Pickwick (fine,) Queen of Beauties, Hero of Tip[)ecanoe: Marshal Soult (fine,) Grace Darling, Miranda, S Conteuda ; Asters, Heinerocallis, Balsams, Crim- son Coxcombs, White and Yellow Everlasting and Ox-eye Daisies; large Bouquets and a pyramid (j( Dahlias and other flowers. From Wm. Kenrick : very large and beautiful Bouquet ; two vases and three baskets of Flowers, very tastefully arranged, including Dahlias, Asters. Roses, &c. Frotn Joseph Breok &. Co. : Dahlias, German Asters, Disdi^cus cerulea, Cleome grandiflora, Zin nias. Phlox (lecussata, Phlox Breckii, Lobelia syph- ilitica. Bouquets, Delphinium Barlovvii, Eujihorbia variegata, Double Stocks, Petunias, &c. From S. R.Johnson : German Asters and Cliinai Roses, fine. From S. Sweelser : German Asters, Dahlias Verbenas and Roses. Pyramid of Asters in imita- tion of Blinker Hill Monument. In pots — Datilias.i Begonia sp., Fiischia .splendens, Ericas, &c. From J. F. Trull, Dorchester : German Aster; and Dahlias. From the Conservatory, Boston : AchimeneS longiflora. Gloxinia rubra, G. coccinea ; Acaccia lophantha, seedling, manured with nitrate of sodai Begonia platanifolia ; seedling Camellia, dressec with 1 teaspoonful of guano ; one do. with 4 spooH' fuls charcoal ; Brunia ericoides ; Camellia, seedi ling — half charcoal. From H. W. Dutton, Boston : Asters ; Dahlias! viz. Constantia, Pickwick and Miranda. A baske of Dahlias wreathed with China Asters. From F. W. Macondry : Dahlias, Asters, and Verbenas. From John A. Kenrick, Newton : six Bouquetl and three baskets of Cut Flowers. From R. M. Copeland, Boston : Phlo.x alba Veronica blue ; Dahlias. } ir():„ XXII. NO. 13. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 1 'rom Messrs. Winship : Erica spurea, Mauruii- sernpcrfloreiis, Acubi Japoiiica, Lobelia speci- , Fuscliia globusa, Eupatorium album, Acrosti- t) ulcicoriif, Salvia patens, IlypL-riciiin inonogy- ri, Viiica rosea, IMclaleiica liypericafulia, Bego- Evansiaiia, anil olliRr plants in pots. Dahlias, Pickwick, Conqiicrer of Europe, Queen of lUties, Castamli, Rubra, Juno, Canute, King of lows, Beauty of Beilfonl, Stafford's Madonna, Irew Hofor, &.c. Verbenas, Tea Roses, Pas- 1 Flowers, and other cut flowers. 1 very large uqnet. ruin Dr. J. C. Howard : 1 magnificent Bouquet Dahlias; 3 Bouquets, comprising Dahlias, Ro- , Sac. ; 1 pot Amaryllis. :i'rom O. & W. Wales : large Bouquet of Roses. .<'ro[n Warren's Gardens, Brighton : Morandia rclayanna, 2 Salvia splendens, Begonia discolor, yacarnosa, 2 Roses Laniarque, Cactus tomento- C. quadrangularis ; large Bouquet ; Dahlias in . ; Camellia Prattii, C. Dnncklarii, Passiflora, phospurnicum ; Bourbon, Bengal, and Tea Ro- ; Asters, Coxcombs, Pass! in Flowers, &c. From Hovey &. Co.'s new Nursery, Cambridge : luble German Asters, in 8 var. ; Bourbon, Ben- ,Tea and Noisette Roses, in 50 var. ; Verbenas, [20 var. ; Phlox Breckii and P. Decussata alba ; lihlias, viz. Marshal Sonlt, Girling's Prince of ales. Primrose, Eclipse, &c. From Parker Barnes : Dahlias. From J. Stickney : Asters, and Dahlias ; Lady |)oper, Marshal Soult, Eclipse, &c. From S. Walker : large Bouquets. Petunias.beaulifulandin variety, by W. Quant. VEGETABLES. From J. M. Ives, Salem : Autumnal Marrow ijuasli. Six Water Melons, from John Gordon, Wnter- iivn. From Josiah Lovett, 9il, Beverly : 3 Sulphur roccoli; .'■. var. of Scpiasb, viz : Malaga, Smyrna, .utuinn Marrow, Lima, Canada, and common rook-neck. From Samuel Ilorrick, Beverly : 1 Indiana or years Pumpkin — weight, 73 lbs. From E. Tufts, Cambridge: Large Yellow Can- jlope Melon. From Henry Butterfield, Cambridge; Italian )amask Squash— weight, 102 lbs. From Dr. Howard, Brookline ; Melons— Napo- jon. Green Smyrna, Persian, Nutmeg, Queen's 'ocket, and Citron. From Wm. B. Kingsbury ; Blood Beets. From F. W. Macondray ; Sugar Beets; Blood lo. ; Canada Squashes ; basket of Tomatoes ; )kra plants. From Hovey & Co. ; two Matiimotli Squashes, veigbing 48 lbs. each ; Bassano Beets ; Egg plant ; Melons. From Col. T. H. Perkins ; Egg Plants; Sala- lym Melogeria. From A. D. Weld ; Marrow Squash ; Cucum- ber. From I. Davis, Dorchester; Canada Squash, 11 months old. From A. D. Williams ; Blood Beets and Marrow Squashes. From John Hill ; Musk Melons. Acorn Squash, from P. Conant, Cbarlestown. For the Committee, S. WALKER, Chairman. F"or llie N. E. Farmer. THE BUTTON-BALLS AGAIN. Mr E'lilor — The Bntton-ball, or Sycamore, is n tree of rapid growth and when well seasoned, it burns very pleasantly, and in latitudes a little warm- er than this, it often attains a gignntic size, some- times affording from 5 or 6, to 10 or 13 cords of wood to each tree ; but in our climate they are lia. hie to decay before they nttain to so large a size — though in Connecticut, I have seen button-ball trees which I should think contained several cords of wood in each. The cause of the dccny of the button-ball trees in 1842 and '43, has boon a subject of some 6))ec- ulation, and one writer seems to have attributed their decay to worms, bnt, your correspondent W. A. P., in the Farmer of July 19th last, says he has seen numerous statements in regard to the dis- ease of the buttonwoods, but thinks that the origin of the disease is not generally placed sufficiently far back : and adds, that in the latter part of May or early in June, 1840, tlie leaves of the button- wood trees had been thrown out as thick as usual, and afterwards had been killed, in some counties in Pennsylvania. To such disasters the buttonbnll trees in north- ern latitudes are sometimes liable. Last year, (1849,) in Connecticut, the early part of May was mild, and on the lltli of May, cherry trees and pear trees were in full bloom, and peach blossoms were beginning to fade. After this, and on the morning of the 21st of May, 1842, we had frost and some ice, which killed some leaves on the grape vines and some on the buttoiiballs. After this, on the morning of the 11th of June of the same year, we had a severe frost, which made ice in some places, and which was followed next day by the witnering of the leaves on the grape vines, the buttor.ball, and many other forest trees, and I supposed the withered leaves were killed, not by worms, but by being frozen. After this, many of Ihe buttonball trees appeared for some time as if Ihey were dead, or dying, but at length, after the vvarm weather had again continued for some time, the buttonball trees again leaved out, but not so luxuriantly as before. Many small branches were dead, but a number of new branches came out, and before autumn, the buttonball trees were again clothed with verdure, and again they gave sicns of growing. The new branches which had grown since the hard frosts in .May and June, 1842, leaved out in the spring of 1843, (the present year,) but a great many small dead branches which were killed by the frosts of May and June, 1842, still remained on the trees, and gave the trees an appearance of decay. But again they commenced growing finely, till on the morning of the 2d June, 1843, we had another hard frost, and immediately many of the leaves of the corn, beans, grape vines, buttonballs, and many other forest trees, died — and, as I supposed, from the effects of the frost. In 1840, it is probable that the buttonball trees in Pennsylvania leaved out before the 12th of May. On the morning of that date, we had a smart frost, which remained till the sun was two hours high. This frost probably extended into Peunsylvcinia, and it probably caused the death of the leaves of the buttonbnll trees, as mentioned by your corres- pondent, W. A. P. The buttonball being lees hardy than many other kinds of forest trees, is not unfrequently injured, if not killed, by untimely frosts. As truth is always better than error, I send you these remarks, and possibly your inserting them iu the N. E. Farmer, may be the means of prevent- ing useless expense for the preservation of the beautiful buttonballs ; and possibly they may be tho means of preventing the shedding of more ink, for the eslslilishment of mistaken theories on this subject. I'ut as I know of no way in which mor- tals can prevent untimely frosts, I do not know that the publication of these facts will contribute any tliiniT to tho preservation of the beautiful button- balls. Yours, very respectfully, ASA M. HOLT. East Haddam, Conn., Sept. 11, 1843. Our respected correspondent is of opinion that the disasters to which the beautiful buttonball has been subjected for the past two years, may be at- tributed to the late frosts in the spring killing the tender buds, and not to insects or any peculiar dis- ease, as is the general impression. We might be inclined to fall in with his opinion, had we not an example to the contrary on our own premises at Brighton. We have a fine young bnltonwood, which was severely injured this sea.son, but as we did not have any hard frost the 2d of June, nor at any other lime after this tree began to bud out, we must, in our case, charge the injury to some other cause. We had, to be sure, a very slight frost at the time specified, but so very slight as to be hard- ly distinguishable on the low ground, and not the least thing suffered by it in our garden, to our knowledge. We noticed that the top branches only were injured. Would not the lower branches have been more liable to receive the injury by frost than those on the lop of the tree ? We should be happy to hear from others on this sub- ject. J. B. Tubiicco in Cnnnecticut. — It is not generally known that they cultivate the tobacco plant in Connecticut. Previous to our late visit to that re- clori, we heard that such was the case, and we de- termined to inquire into the matter. We found that a considerable quantity of tobacco is grown on the Connecticut river; that the product per acre is very large, and that the article pri>duced commands a high price. We were told that a ton and a half per aero was no uncommon yield. The crop of last year was sold at an average of G cts. a pound. As to the mode of cultivation, our infor- mation was to ibis effect: the soil is the sandy loam of the Connecticut river bottoms, and it is manured wilhout stint. The tobacco is planted very thick, 2 1-2 feet each way. The seed came originally from Virginia. It is cured in houses, without iiaviiig been yellowed in the sun, and without the use of fire. Such is the account of the matter which we got from those who professed to know all about it. It is incomplete, and possi- bly erroneous. If the farmers of Connecticut are so successful in the cultivation of tobacco, a knowl- edire of their mode of cultivation and curing is ■ very important in this part of the country. — Louis- ville Journal. 102 NEW ENGLAND FARMER SEPT. ar, 184: AMI HORTICULTURAL RK6ISTER. BosTO», Wednesdat, Sept. 27, 1843. EDITOR'S FAREWELL. My good wishes for ihn New England Farmer and the imerests to which it is devoted, will remain as strong, I trust, in future, as they Imve been for tlie last three years, though I am no longer editor. This change is ent rely voluntary on my part, and is made with per- fect good feeling and friomlship tnward*tlie worlhy Pub- lishers, Messrs. Joseph J3reck & Co. My cornertinn with the paper has been in all respects pleasant ; and now in leaving the charge of it, I fervently desire the prosperity and happiness of the publishers and printers, and can freely commend ihera for integrity, prompiness, and gentlemanly deportment. My time in future will probably be devoted mostly to active business, which will prevent my following up a course of agricultural reading, with any thing like regu- larity. But I trust that I shall be able, as I am disposed, to contribute something to the columns of the Farmer. I lake leave of my readers as Editor, but expect yet to give them my thoughts and opinions, from time to time, as a contributor. And 1 will here ask all the friends of this, the oldest agricultural paper in New England, to be liberal in their contributions to Air Breck. This pa- per, in the hands of ray predecessors, was made liighly instructive and useful. Its back volumes are the best history eilant of New England Agriculture. I wil' hope that the numbers of the last two years and an half, are not so meagre and deficient as to badly blot the pa- ges that went before, and make the paper unworthy of continuance. The paper will go on, and it is to be hoped that it will be the organ through which the sound practical farmers and the men of science will communi- cate their knowledge to the public. " Esto perpctua"— may it live and flourish forever. To the editors and publishers of our exchange papers, I owe, and gladly pay, my thanks, fur many friendly notices and favors, ftlay tliey all use wisely and rever- ently the power they have to direct and control public opinion and to form public character. May usefulness guide them on their way, and pmsperity follow upon their footsteps. From the pens of Mr Gaylord, of the Albnny Cultivator, and of Mr Allen, of the American Agriculturist, there have recently come unexpected no- tices of my editorial labors, for which I wish publicly to thank them. Mr Gaylord ranks first among the practi- cal agricultural writers of the country ; and the Albany Cultivator has not its equal among the agricultural jour- nals in the United Slates. I will not conceal ii, that praise from such a source was sweet to me. Long may his pen continue to give its wise and discreet counsels and instructions. Mr Allen, too, holds a strong and vigorous pen, and produces a valuable paper— one that is doitig a good work. I thank him, too, for what he has said of me, and give him my best wishes. During the earlier, and also in the latter part of my editorial term, the claims of the bereaved or of the sick among my near kindred, have made large demands upon my time, and tlie paper has sufl'ered in consequence. I do not claim to have performed lully and well tlio du- ties of Editor;— certainly I have fallen much below my own conception of what should be done. But I am not here censuring my own labors alone ; for renj few of the papers of the day are any where near as good as they should be. I do leava the editorial chair in the conviction that thepageaof the Farmer, while under my supervision, have been kept as free from malter offensive to good morals, good t.isic, common sense, and praclic.il husband- ry, as most other papers— much more so than many of thern. In taking a retrospect of my editorial career, I find on- ly a little that 1 should wish to undo— but much, very much, has been omitted. Now that other hands are to take the place of mine, I donbl not that more will be done, and that the subscribers to the Farmer will re- ceive a better supply of instruction from week to week, than I have been accustomed to furnish them. To all subscribers and friends, I wish skill, perseve- rance, and success, in cultivating both the material and ibe spiritual soil— and that from the one they may reap abundantly of the best of earth's perishing fruits, and that from the other they may pluck the imperishable flowers of virtue and holiness. ALLEN PUTNAM. SEEDLING PEARS, Among the varied productions upon the Horticultural Society's table on Saturday last, were two varieties of Seedling Pears, from Mr D. AVilbur, jr., of Somerset, Bristol eounty, both worlhy of general cultivation. One variety called the Early Wilbur, of superior fiavor ; somewhat larger than the Seckel, of a brownish russet color; flesh melting, with a very small core. The oth- er variety, called the Hull Pear, is a very desirable fruit ; melting ; full of juice ; of a Larger size than the Andrews ; and would compare well with the Bartlett in excellence, but of different flavor. We are glad to be- come acquainled with any new variety of superior Pears which have been produced in our own climate, as, no doubt, they will prove bett.r bearers and more hardy than many of the foreign sons. We hope to obtain some of the scions in the proper season. J. B. SEEDLING GRAPE. The members of the Horticultural Society were agree- ably surprised at the close of their exhibition on Satur- day, by the presentation of a cutting, on which were three fine bunches of seedling Grapes, from Mrs. Cre- hore, of Quincy, which were pronounced by those who were present to taste, to be superior lo the Isabella, Ca- tawba, or any other seedling nalive grape yet produced in our country, that has been tested in this vicinity. One essential quality of this grape is its early maturity, being now in eating, although we think in a week's' more time the flavor would be improved. The size of the berry is about the same as the Isabella; sweet and juicy, with very little pulp ; color similar to the Cataw- ba; bunches full. This accession to our collection of fruits, was received with much enthusiasm. To be in possession of a grape which matures before the frosts, and at the s.ame time of superior flavor and better qualil ty than the Isabella, is a very important desideratum. J. B. (HTAt a meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, held Sept. 23d, 1843, the President in the chair, it was — lotcd, 1 hat the thanks of this Society be presented to the adics and gentlemen who so generously contrib- ute.! plants, flowers and fruits to the fifteenth Annual Lxhibition of the Society. Fotnl, That the thanks of this Society fee presented to I hi> Cornmiitee of Arrangements, and particularly to Nimiiel Walker, Esq., the chairman, for the manner in which they execuicd their duly, in the decoration of till' llail, and oiher arrang-ments, which added so much to tlie interesl of the Socieiy's exhibition. KBEN. WIGHT, lice. Scc'ry. OHIO VINEYARDS. We have a! I heard of the vineyards of Mr Longwotj in the neighborhood of Cincinnati. The Cincinrl Gazette jrives the following account of other succesJ plantations of the vine in the same region : j " We lately visited the vineyards and orchards of John K. Mottier,al Delhi township, four miles bel. the city. His place comprises about eighty acres, ai 13 situated on one of the niinieious beautiful, breezy hii that skirt the Ohio above and below the city. Mr ; has paid particular attention to the culture of cho fruits, particularly the grape. He has six acres who devoted to grape-vines, and a more beautiful sight of I kind never met our eye. The vines are planted out hills, in rows, the roots being three feel distant frc each other, and the rows six feet apart. The vines one vineyard are thirteen years old, and in another or four. They are trained to posts seven and a halt f high, and intertwined from hill lo hill. He finds loc posts most durable, and when firmly set in ihe groui they will support the enormous crop of grapes and 1, for many years without resetting. Mr M. cultivates none but Ameri. an varieties whi are hardy, and of course need no proleclion in the w ter. He runs a plow or cultivator between the ro once or twice during the season, to keep the wee down and the earth light and in good order. The vineyard v^as commenced in 1829, and the vir began to yield fair returns in two and ihree years, a during the whole period he has lost but a single cr from the efl^ect of frost, drought, or any other cause. I finds a norlhern exposure preferable to a southern,!, vines on the latter somolimes sufl'ering partially fro spring frosis, but never in a northern. The Swiss vin dres,sers tell us that in Switzerland and Germany, they save the crops of three years out of five, lb, think they do well. About fifteen hundred gallons of wine were made la year, for which he finds ready sale at one dollar n g: Ion. The Calawba affords a white wine, in good rcpu with connoisseurs, resembling Rhenish ; the Ca| grape makes a red wine, more like Burgundy. H vines this year ai e in a very promising slate, and shnu nothing untoward occur, he thinks will yield him fro two to four ihousand gallons of wine to the acre. Mr M, is also largely engaged in Ihe culture of strav berries, and sold last summer about five thousand quart We noticed, also, a small cluster of the common an Spanish chestnut. Of the former, he has many tw years old from the seed planted by himself— also, peca nut trees, basket and golden willow, (used in trainin his grape.vines,) cedars from the seed, allheas, rose, and a variety of ornamental young trees and shrubberj There are, besides this, some half dozen other simila vineyards crowning the hills about the city, and thos of our citizens who have not looked into the mallei will be surprised at the amount of American wine mad here ; and the preparations for extending the businessc chiefly by Germans from the valley of the Rhine." Qj'The report of the Horticultural exhibition of Sat urday last, is unavoidably postponed until ne.\t week A large portion of this week's paper is devoted to ih. report of the Society's annual exhibition, which we sup pose will be dry pieking. As the N. E. Farmer is gen erally— we hope always— preserved and bound up, thes. reports will be valuable for future reference. Wm. Carmichael, Esq., of Maryland, raised this yea) upon twenty acres of land, one thousand and twenlysij bushels of Mcditeranean wheat, being a fraction below 51 1-2 bushels to the acre. \XII, NO. 13. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 103 •MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIE- Tlie Annual Meeting ol the MHSsachusclls Horlicul- Scnicty will he hehl nt their Rooms, 23 Tremont Row, \'l"URDAV, the 7lli day of Ocloher next, at II o'clock ., fur the choice of officers for the year ensnins^, viz : a dent, four Vice Presidents, a Treasurer, a Correspond- ecretary, a Recording Secretary, Professors oX Botany /e^HalAe Physiology, of Kntomology, of Horticultural lislry, and Standing Coinmittecs on Krnits, Flowers /egctahles, the Library, the Synonyms of Fruits, an ulive, and Finance. EBENEZER WIGHT, Recording Secretary. -NOTICE. The Premiums of the MASSACHU- rS HORTICULTURAL Society, for the best speci- of 0.i///./.4.S', will he awarded on SATURDAY 3i th i'lst. The Flowers shown fur Prizes must he in ands, and ready for t!ie Judges, at 10 o'clock, A. M. Ixhihition will commence at tl o'clock. By order of the Com. of Flowers. SA.\rL WALKER, Chairman. TIIER.MOMETRICAL. Renorted for the New li;iii>lunil Farmer, geof theThei nioineterat the Garde ii of t lie |)roprietor3 New England Farmer, Itrii^luon, !Mas.s in a shaded jriy exoosure, fur I he week emliiig Sept. 24. t. 1S43. I 7,a..ii. , 12, M. | 5,e.M. | Wind. jsday, day, ay. 13 f,9 82 S2 1 19 69 77 64 20 56 65 69 21 66 30 f3 22 52 66 63 23 61 70 62 24 68 83 86 1 s. E. E. W. E. W. W. rJHTON MARKET.— MoNDAT, Sept. 25, 1843. Kelinrled for the N. E. Farmer, 'Market 1250 Beef Cattle, 700 Stores, 3300 Sheep 125 Swine. From i'lOO to 800 Beef Cattle, and sev- undred stores remain unsold. CEa. — Beef Cattle — The market is completely ted," and prices are probably lower than tfiey have or many years. We quote extra $i 25, first quality a 4.00 second quality, $3.00 a 3.75, third quality a 3.25. 'es. — Two year old $8 n 13. Three year old 17. !p.— Small lots frum 50 cts. to $1.50. Welhers , $1.88. ne. — Shoats to peddle 4 1-2 and 4 3-4 for sows 1-2 a 5 3-4 for barrows. Old barrowa4 1-2. At re- )m5 to6 1-2. lATU.M. In our last week's report the number of ^attlo should have been much larger. IVIIOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected icilh great care, weekly. tpS. Herds Grass, $0 no to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top 60 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Southern, 0 Flax Seed, 9P 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. \f Seed, S2 25 per bushnl. LIN. The market continues in the same dull state ced in our last weekly report, with a further reduction 1— Northern, old, bushel 56 to 00— Southern, round old, 5t a 00— Southern flat yellow, new, 53 a 00— white 50 n 00— do New Orleans, 48 a 00— Burley — Rye, Northern, 63 a 65— do. Southern, 60 a 62 — Southern, 23 a 29 — Northern do. 30 to 31— Beans, per I 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double hush. 22 a 35 -Bran )UR. The news from England by the Caledonia of ■able prospect for a good and abundant harvest in that 1, has dispelled all expectation of a demand for the English market, and prices here are consequently more de- pressed. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. or. $0 00 a 0 00 —do, wharf, SO 00 a 0 00— do. free of ijarlic. $.-. oo a 0 00 — Phila- delphia do. 4 mos. S4 62 a 0 00 -Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 inn.s. S4 62 a i 75— Alexanilria. wb.-irf mountain, n no a 0 (in. — Georcelown, *5 00 a .<■. 75— Rielimonil Canal, So 00 a 0 0(1 —do. City, »o 0(1 a ii on — Petersburgh, South side So on a o no —do. Country «0 OOao 00— Genesee, common, cash, S4 56 a 4 63— do fancy brands S4 75 a 5 00 — Ohio via Canal, «0 nn a 0 no— do do New Orleans, cash «4 so a 4 62. Rye, «3 00 a 3 25— Inilitt'i Meal in bbls. *2 T5 a 0 00. STRAWBERRIES! The subscriber can supply all the most esteemed varieties of Strawberries now in cultivation. The present is consid- ered a good time for the formation of new beds. Tlie fol- lowing are llie prices per hundred plants; — llarnj's Seedling-— at very superior variety, of large sized, fine flavor, abundant liearer, and very hardy, 85,00 Krene'3 Seedling— Larse fruit, very high flavor and high perfume, jj („ Bisliop's Orange- Fine size, abundant bearer and supe- rior flavor, g.^^oo Kltori Seedling — Very large fruit of a superior flavor, oon- PROVISIONS. The market is without any material [ sidered one of the best in Kngland alteration since the last report ; sales have been restricted to a limited demand from the trade and for vessels' use. Beef- Mods 4 iio new bbl SsSOanno — Navv — S7 on a 7 25.— No. I, 6 75 T 0 on- do Prime So no n 0 nn— Pork— Fxlra clear 4 mn bbl. Si 3 ".n n I ion— do Clear 312 50 a 13 00 do. Mess, II 00 a II 50— do Prime SI 0 on a 10 .'■.0— do Mess from other States. — a do Prime do do So on a 0 no do. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do Sno 00 a On 00 — Roller, shipiiing. 0 a Om— do store, uninspected. 7 a 9 — do dnirv. 10 cts. n 14— La '■d, No I, Boston ins 00 a 00 —do South and Western, 5l a 6^ — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6J — Southern and Wesiern, S^ a 64— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 4 1-2- do new milk, 5 a 6. WOOr,. Huty. The value whereof at the place of er- pirlation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound. 5 per cent ad val. AM whereof the vahie exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. There is more inquiry for Fleeces, and sales to a moder. ale extent have been made at prices which fully sustain our quotations. Prime or Saxnnv Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican foil blood do 33 a 35— Do 3-4 do 32 a On— Do. I -2 do 29 a 30- -1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23 — Do. unwashed, 9 a 12 — Bengnsi do 6 as — Saxonv, clean 00 — Ruenos Avres unpicked, 7 a In — do. do. pickeil, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 23 a 32— No. I do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do dodo 12 a 15. • HOPS. Duty 20 percent. There have been no Massachusetts Hops of the new crop inspected. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb. 6 a 8. 2d do. do. do. 0(Va 00. H A V, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed 89 to 1 1 . CHEESE— Shipping and 4meal, 3 to 4 l-2c.— New 5 to S. EGGS. 12 a 14. S5,0II «3,0t Ml/all's Pine— A delicious fruit, The old varieties furnished at it. 90 per hundred. Orders sent by mail encloting the money will be pune- lually attended to, and the plants well packed for transpor- talion. JOSEPH BRECK. Boston, Aug. 15, 1843. CR01V1V IMPERT-M-S, TULIPS, &c. The subscribers have on band and for sale a supply of Crown Imperials, Tulips, White Ldlies. Pa-onies. Narcis- sus. Hyacinths, (f-c. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Sept. 27, 1843. CHRYSAXTHKBirmS. The subscribers offer for sale twenty varieties of new Chrysanthemums of the most superb and rare sorts, at 50 cents per pot. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Sept. 27. SCIONS PROni BEARING TREES. The subscriber at his grounds adjoining the Pomologieal Garden on Dearborn Street, North Salem, offers for sale scions from bearing fruit trees. Among them are the follow- ing P K A R S. Barllett— Columbian Virsalieu- Beurre Remain- Urban- iste — Washington— Beurre Diel— Beurre Bosc— Josephine- Easter Beurre— Bloiidgood- Summer Franc Real— Clion— Lewis — Winter Nclis, &c. PEACHES. Malta— Early Royal George— Early York- Noblesse- Red Cheek M'elacaton— Murray's Early Ann- Blush Pine Apple — Washington Freestone— Cooledge's Favorite, &c. APPLES. Minister — Ilubbardston Nonsuch — Danver's Winter Sweet, Aic. P L D M S . Coe's Golden Drop — Violet Perdrigon — Roe's Yellow Gage— Green Gage— Violet do.— Washington— Imperial — Criiger's Scarlet— Frost Gage— Pond's Seedling &c. Sept. 6. JOHN M. IVES. STR.VWBERRKCS I The subscriber would most respectfully give notice tothose who are desirous of cullivating the most delicious Fr it, that he will offer his select collection of Plants, at the following reduced rates, in order that all may be enabled to grow them. Having been engaged for twelve years in raising this Fruil extensively, he is enableil, by his knowledge of the choice varieties, and the best modes of cultivation, to olfer the most extensive assortment of Plants and in the hnest condition, of any culiivator in the country. Persons may satisfy ihem- selves of this fact by a visit to his Gardens. Warren's Seeding Melhven— .1 very superior variety, a great bearer, perfectly hardy, the fruit often measuring six inches in circumference. Price per hundred plants, 85,00 1-Iovey's Seedling— A splendid fruit, bears abundantly,and worthy of extensive cultivation, <5,00 Kcene's Seedling— Large fruit, and of very high flavor and rich perfume, $2,00 Bishop's Orange. — Very fine size and abundant bearer, S2,0t> Myatt's Pine — A delicious fruit, 82,00 Downton — A superior and large fruit, 82,00 The above varieties are all of the most superior kinds, and can be highly recommended. The following old varieties will be furnished at 84,00 pec hundred : — Early Virginia, Hauthois, Methven Castle, and Royal Scarlet, English Wood. Where one thousand Plants are ordered, a discount of 2* per cent will be allowed. J^Every Plant sent from the Gardens will be warranted true. The several varieties, carefully labelled and securely packed, so as to be transported any distance in safety, and where it is desired, directions for planting and cullivatioa will accompany the Plants. The monlhsof August and September are the best month* in the year for making plantations of this Fruit. Those made at this season and properly treated will produce fruil the coining season. Orders enclosing the amount wanted or with references, and left with Geo.VV, Warren & Co. 192 Washington street, Boston, or forwarded by mail to the subscriber, will receive immediate and careful atlenlion JAMES L. L. F. WARREN, Aug. 15 Nonantum Vale, Brighton. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North IMarkel si. POUDRETTE I POCDRETTE I ! The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for saU, Poudrelle in quantilies to suit purchasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order lor shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest operation upo» vegetable matter, producing greater abundance, and is th« cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Brookline. will meet with prompt atlenlion. For .sale by J. BRECK ck CO, 61 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. Oct. 26. WANTED A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who is well acquainted with Gardening i» its various branches, and who emi give satisfactory testimo- nials, wishes a situation. He will, if required, take chari;* of a horse and cow. Please apply at the Office of the N. E. Farmer, 52 North Market Street. Aug. 8. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatlw on Insects. Price 82. Also, the second edition of Dana> Muck Manual, price 62^ cla. Feb It. 104 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. SEPT. 27, 1843 MISCELLANEOUS. TEN REASONS FOR PAYING YOUR DEBTS. The Cliiislian's Reasons. 1. The Christian member of society pays his debts, first, because he is ordered to do so in the bible, where we are told to " Render unto Cssar the thiiigs that are Ctesar's, and to God the thin^rs that arc God's ;"' and to " Oive no man any thjnjr." 2. The Christian won Id strictly observe the eighth comniandineiit, " Thou shalt not steal ;" and defrauding a man of his due, is stealing ; for the tradesman lends upon faith and honor, and does nut give. 3. The Christian pays promptly all he owes, from a motive of justice and benevolence. He ■wishes both to love and succor his neighbor, and will not be instrumental in the ruin of others. The PnlrioVs Reasons. 4. The patriot knows that one act of justice is worth six of charity — that justice helps the worthy, and corrects the unworthy, while charity too often succors but the latter. 5. The patriot considers the evils that ensue from the more wealthy man leaving his poorer neighbor unpaid ; that by that means the steps of the great ladder of society are broken ; the first ruin beginning with the merchant, who can no longer pay his workmen, and continuing to the workman's child, who is deprived of clothes, food, or instruction. G. The patriot pays his debts from a love of his country, knowing that the system of non-payment, pursued to a certain extent, would bring a general bankruptcy on the nation. The Man of the World's Reasons. 7. The man of the world pays his debts, because he is convinced that honesty is the test policy. 8. The man of worldly calculation is aware, that by the immediate payment of his debts as fast as they are incurred, he purchases peace of mind, se- cures the confidence of all, and becomes acquaint- ed with his income, his means, and resources. 9. The man of the world wishes for a comforta- ble old age, and knows that he has but little chance for it if he is cumbered with debt. 10. The man of the world knows the full force of being " an honest man" — that it will carry him through the world prosperous and respected ; and that he cannot lay claim to that name if he neglects to pay his debts. — London Speclator. Thurlow Weed, Esq., of Albany, in a letter from England, says : " I was recently expressing my surprise to an English gentleman that London should be so com- paratively free from crime and disorder. I say comparatively, because you hear of and see more burglaries nnd violence in New York than in this great I'.abylon. He replied that the principal cause foi this was in the circumstance, that a law- breaker, when convicted, was transported, and did not return, as with us, to commit second offences. Another reason, he very frankly admitted, was, that they had shipped off great numbers of their rascals to America. Persons from all parts of England, of dissolute character, who iiad entered or were entering upon a career of depredation, were first sent to the workhouses, and from thence to America, their passages being paid by the au- thorities." Bishop Hughes, who is now travelling in Eu- rope, in one of Ins letters, says he was glad to es- cape from the wretchedness and want and physical suffering which surroui;ded him every where in Ireland. He adds — " It is not only beggars who are poor and destitute : those who would fain gain something by work, can hardly do so. Look at yon old woman, sitting down in the market-place of the town : she has come five miles on font with her produce for sole ; and what is it ? Two egs;s ! On my credit, two eggs, and nothing in the world besides ; and for these, perhaps, she will get two pennies (four cents) and wend her way five miles home to her hut, to wait till her single hen shall lay more." Most Sin^idar Circumslance. — The Rev. Mr Burnham, minister of the society now worshipping at the Odeon, called upon us this morning, and re- lated the following strange story, which, had he not been a clergyman, we could hardly have be- lieved. One evening last week, the reverend gen- tleman's wife was taken suddenly and seriously ill, when, during a violent fit of vomiting, she ejected a live frog, about half grown ! The frog hopped half way across the room, and then, with something like dramatic dignity, laid down on his back, and expired. Mrs liurnham supposes that she took the frog into her stomach in the tadpole state, while drinking water in the night. Mr Burn- ham remarked to us that, although not much af- frighted, yet he was considerably surprised at wit- nessing such a strange addition to his family ! — Bost. Trans. A printer, whose talents were but indifferent, turned physician. He was asked the reason of it. " In printing," said he, " all the faults one com- mits, are exposed to the eye ; but in physic, they are buried with the patient." CHEESE PRESSES. SELF-GOVERNING CHEESE PRESSES— two kinds —lately improved Ly ilie Shakers. These are so construcl- cil li al ihey govern and regulate themselves witliout weights, nnd are liy far the dest presses now in use. For sale at the N. E. Agricultural Warehouse, 61 and it North Market mreet. JOS. BKECK J* UO. June 7, im. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements have liecn made the past year i form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the muiihi I has heen so formed as to lay the Jurrmo complelehi liiriihisr in crcry parlule nf grans or sluhble, and lenrnt ground in the best possible manner. The leiiath ol mould hoard has he a very much increased, so ilia Plough works with the greatest ease, holh wjih respe the holding and the team. The Committee at the late of Ploughs at Worrester, say, " Should nur opinion he asked as to which of the Pic we should prefer for nse on a farm, we might perhaps s the inquirer, it your land is mostly light^and easy lo try Prouty & Mears, hul if your land is'hcavij, hard on BEGIN WITH Mr. HoWAUd'b." At the ahove mer.tloned trial the Howard Plougl more jcork, trith the same p^wer of team, than ant, plough exhibited. A'o other turned more than twenty: and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, whi! Howard Plough turned twenlynive and oncliaif ind the same poicer of team ! All acknowledge that How Ploughs are much the strongest and most sulistan made. There has heen quite an improvement made on the or land side of litis Plough, which can be renewed wi having lo furnish a newlandside: this shoe likewise se the mould hoard and landside together, and strenglhei Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 In $15. A PI sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost S;o 50, and with cutler Si, with wheel and culler, extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and ret: the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed 1 Kos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, bv JOSp;PM BRECK & C GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROl^LERI Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction roUen moved with a fool 1 reader, is lound to be a great imp ment on the old mode ofhanging sriiulstones. Stones- in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and whe used, give universal saliffaclion. The rollers can he al ed lo stones hung in the common wav. For sale I BRECK & Co., No. 61 North Jlatkct'slreel. LACTOMETl'.RS- a sinqde instrument forte the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & C AEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $^2 50 if not: within eixty days. N. B.— Postmasters are permitted by law to fra» subscriptions nnd remittances for newspapers, wil expense to subscribers. TBTTLI AWD DEIVKETT, PRINTERS, 81 School Street. <«^t]S '^iJcdx^ AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoricdltorai. WABEHonsE.) I.. XXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 4, 1843. [NO. 14. N . E . FARMER I BENJAMIN SHURTLEFF, Jr.'s FARM, CHELSEA. iVe were f.ivored, a few day-s since, with llie lOrtuiiity to take a liasty view of Mr Benj. Sliurt- ', Jr.'s farm in Chelsea. This farm was pur- sed by Dr. Benj. Sliurtleff, of Boston, ahout five ra since, and by him conveyed to his son, the sent owner. Dr. ShurtletT is well known to ny of onr readers as a gentleman deeply inter- ed in, and enthusiastically attached to agriciil- al pursuits, and althou^'h he is not at pre.^ent sonally enjjaged in farniinjr, yet his past experi- :e and frequent visits to his son's farm, enables 1 to note every operation and know the result, ,h as much e.xactnes8 as though he were per- ally concerned in the minutia; of the everyday rk. The great improvements made on this Ti during the five years' occupancy of Mr Shurt- I'and the supervision of the father, has induced to make a few inquiries of our respected friend, )wing his willingness to communicate any thing ich ni'iy be beneficial to the farming interest; 1 our apology for thus addressing him, must be public good. Boston, Sept. 2G//i, 1843. Dr. Bknj. SnuRTLEFF : — Respected Sir : Since ride with you to your son's farm in Chol.sea, t week, I have been revolving in my rnind the 3t mode of presenting to the public through the E. Farmi!r, the instruction which may be de- ed from the visit. The time to make observa- na was so limited that I cannot do justice to the m without making a few more inquiries, " Yan- e like," tor the benefit of all. As I know you 3 not •■^ the habit of withholding good when it in your power to impart it, I shall ask for fur- ;r inforrna'.ion with the more assurance. 1st. How many acres does the farm contain ? Iiat proportion of pasturage, tillage, English jss, marsh, &c. 2d. You remarked that when you first took pos- ssion of the farm, there was not five tons of Eng- h hay cut upon the place, and that you now t about lUO tons. How much ground was mow. then ? How much now ? You informed me It you had purchased but very little manure. jw was it possible, then, to increase the quanti- of hay at such a rate, and what were the means ed to etfect such an extraordinary renovation ? 3d. You showed me a swale now producing large ops of English hay, which you assured me was vered a ft:w years since, with swamp bushes of ery description, and was a useless waste, like le you pointed out to mo beyond your premises, ow did you manage to bring this into so produc- es and fine a state ? 4th. You said something about cutting bushes August, in the old of the moon, when the sign as in the heart, as a sure mode of killing them, have had the impression that this was all " moon- line," but your experience appears to prove the contrary. What has been your practice and the result ? .5th. I noticed a very luxuriant patch of corn- fodder, eight or ten feet in height, and was told that it was fed out to the milch cows. Is this good husbandry .' How much corn do you sow to the acre, to produce such a crop, and when is the time to sow it .' How many tons of green fodder do you suppose may he considered a fair estimate for an aero of ground, and how is it prepared and manured ? Cth. r perceived you had a very convenient barn, spacious and well arranged, and, what is best of all, well filled. 1 think yon said it was 1.50 feet by 40, with 18 feet posts. I was particularly ,=truck with the fine cellar under the whole. 1 counted 40 split stone pillars of massive dimen- sions, 10 or i'i feet high, to support the front and centre of the building, with the back wall set into the side hill from 13 to 1(3 feet high, of beautiful mason work, and very substantial. Will you favor me with a more particular description of the barn, with cost, as near as you are able to give ; the manner in which you save the manure, and intend to finish your root cellar, and convey water to your cattle? 7lh. I was shown three different qualities of salt hay in the barn. The first was what you call- ed "goose grass," very bright and sweet; the second, "black or fox grass," not quite so fine, but very fair; and the third poor enough: this you called dyke grass. What is the comparative val- ue of these grasses with English hay ? 8th. I was told that on one marsh where you did not formerly cut 3 tons of poor hay, you now cut more than 30 tons, of the best quality. Was this change brought about by ditching, or by what moans ? Uth. ( noticed on your best marsh that the ditches were cut about two rods apart : would it be profita- ble to cut an intermediate ditch? What is your mode of ditching, and the expense per rod ? Is it injurious to take a second crop from the marshes ? What amount of hay do you cut per acre on your improved marshes ? lOtI). Last of all, you took mo to another marsh, through a number of gates, over the premises of other farmers, whose grounds, to all appearance, were very rich, indicating large crops of grass. This marsh was dift'erent in aspect from the others. Its value, you said, did not consist in its crop of grass, but in the rich deposits of peat. Here, I imagine, is the secret of your luxuriant crops — or, perhaps, I may wiih more propriety call it the ba- sis. This peat resembled the fine bog and meadow peat, so valuable for composts, found in so many places in the country. You informed me that this marsh was originally a cedar swamp, but long since encroached upon by the sea : no vestige of it now appears visible, until exposed by digging. Do you use this peat freely ? What proportion of peat do you mix with your barn manure ? What distance is the marsh from the barn? What is the comparative value of tliis peat with common salt mud ? lllh. As the afternoon was spent, I did not have an opportunity to seethe cows, which, I understood, were kept for milk. Have you any particular breed? Have you had any experience with the Durham Short-Horns as milkers ? How much stock is kept on the farm, and how much hay sold ? 12lh. I observed a thrifty hedge of the Wash- ington thorn, five or six feet high. How long since it was planted, and how many years from planting docs it require to liave it strung and thick enough to keep out cattle ? I fear I shall trouble you too much to answer all the questions proposed : if so, omit such as are of less importance. It will be very gratifying to learn all the facts in relation to the management and economy of the farm, the appearance of which is highly creditable to your son, Benj. Shurlleff, jr., and speaks well for his industry and skill as a far- mer. Yours, with much respect, JOSEPH BRECK. Ji Virguxia Farm. — A correspondent of the Bos- ton Traveller, writing from the valley of the Shen- andoah, gives the following account of the Steen- bergen farm, situated in that valley, some 40 miles above Winchester. Few parts of the United States afl!brd examples of more fertile soils, and few instances of better cultivated farms than the rich valley of the Shenandoah : " On ascending thif opposite bank of the river, we entered the extensive grounds of the colebra- ted Steenhergen farm, a view of which is worth a day's journey in more oppressive heat than we ex- perienced today. The farm consists of 7,000 acres, a large portion of intervale or bottom land, and nearly the whole is under cultivation. The family mansion is beautifully situated on rising ground, overlooking the whole area, and the farm- houses are conveniently arranged in the vicinity for the overseers and slaves. The hay crop was gathered, and the quantity may be judged from tho fact that from 1500 to 2001) head of cattle are kept on the premises. The wheat, too, between 400 and ,500 acres, had been harvested, and much of it was already threshed and sent to market. Our road passed through a luxuriant field of corn, near- ly ripe, embracing a level tract of liOO acres, and a richer sight 1 have never seen. Mr Sleenbergen, who formerly owned this unrivaled farm, and by his agricultural skill, extraordinary energy and perseverance, in a few years greatly improved the strength of the soil, rendered the properly more valuable, probably, than any other farm in the United States." We may add here, as a warning to others, that not satisfied with his farm, Mr S. became infected with the speculating notions at one time so preva- lent ; that ho was, with many others, unfortunate, and when he failed some three or four years since, his liabilities amounted to more than a million and a half, of which about $050,000 was to the United States Bank. Mr S. is now resident of La Porte, Indiana, and his farm has passed into the hands of Mr Munn, Lynchburg, Va. — Alb. Cult. ion NEW ENGLAND F A R xM E R OCT. 4, 1843 MR WEBSTER'S SPEECH AT ROCHESTER. The Rocliestcr Democrat fiirniahea an extended report (if Mr Webster's spepcli at tlie second sup- per of the New York State Agricultural Society, in Rochester, on the evening of the 2]st ult., which we should be pleased to present to our readers en- tire, did our space permit. We hope we may venture to say of the speech, without offending the political or sectional preju- dices of any of our readers, that, (as its distinguish- ed author remartiod at IJunker Hiil of the charac- ter of Washington,) "it is alt Amkrican." It speaks his conviction of the importance of agricul- ture as the prominent interest of the country, and ills deep concern for its prosperity — and where he argues its claims to the protection of goveinineiit, we may almost say, (as has been observed of one of Mr W.'s speeches on another occasion,) that "each sentence contains both a proposition and n demonstration." In dcvotedness to the true inte- rests of the country — the whole country — and in ability to det'end them, "Sparta has no worthier son than lie." Mr Wadeworth, President of the Society, pre- sided at the supper, and introduced Mr Webster to the company, in a very neat speech, alluding to his eminent abilities and distinguished services, and concluded by giving as a toast — "The health of the Farmer of Marshfield." Mr Webster rose, and after expressing his thanks for the warm reception given to him, pro- ceeded to contrast, in a very able and lucid man- ner, the advantages enjoyed by the agriculturists of temperate, and the planters of tropical climates, (showing how much more highly favored were the former above the latter,) and concluded his com- parison thus : — " What is society un a plantation ? There is no society. There is capital and labor ; but independent, free spirits, there are none — none — none — and never can be. It is, therefore, only in temperate climates — on these favored spots of God's earth — beneath such a sun — such an earth as you tread — where true independence lives." He then proceeds : ■'Gentlemen — Every body knows that at the foundation of all improvement, lies this great busi- ness of the cultivation of the earth. If it was for iiis sins that man was condemned to till the earth, it was the most beneficent punishment that the Al- mighty IJeing could inflict. Now, in regard to the great interests of agricul- ture, there are things which individuals may do for themselves, and there are things which the collected agency of society — which government — must do for them. What individuals can do for themselves, they should be left to do. But there are great objects — great interests — great arrange- ments— which are necessary for the enriching of the fields of agriculture and those who till ihem, which belong lo govtrmnent ; and government neg- lects to fulfil its duty when it neglects ihem. The interests of agriculture, gentlemen, embrace much that government should attend to. And what is it? I shall not go through with all that might be said upon this subject ; nor shall [ read a lecture to governments in general or our govern- ment in particular. God forbid. But, I repeat, there are things wliich individuals cannot do, and which government should. Individuals can- not protect thoinselves from aggression — cannot levy assessments for general purposes — cannot open a road, which inoy be necessary. Govern- ment must do these things, and must take the gen- eral agency of society. It government, in fact, as in theory, e.xists for the good of at.l, then it must protect ALL. It must do for individuals what indi- viduals cannot do for themselves." The orator here paid a merited tribute to the illustrious son of New York, the late De Witt Clinton, and spoke in terms of high praise of her internal improvements, by which a large portion of her farmers " could reach in an hour, as it were, the market for their products." He then proceed- ed to speak on the subject of governmental protec- tion to agriculture, as follows: "Gentlemen — There is another great object to the tiller of our lands, besides furnishing facilities for transmission to market, and that is the exis- tence of a market for the surplus products of the soil. There must be a market of sale — a market of consumption. Will a man toil to till his ground — to fill his granaries a*id his cellars with the pro- ducts of the soil, beyond the wants of his own family, unless there be some one to buy what he has to sell ? By means of transportation and this market of sale, he must be able to buy what arti- cles he may want which he does not raise himself. A market of consumption is an object of paramount importance to the agriculturist. It is indispensa- ble. I do not say that to provide such a market is entirely within the control of the government. It Is not. 'J'here are many considerations to he taken into account — the policy of other nations — the course of trade, and many other reasons, which place the complete attainment of such a result be- yond the control of the government. But after all, I say that it is the object of government to provide that a market shall exist. It is a work which individuals cannot do for themselves, and consequently it is the duty of government to do it for them. As a question of political economy — (God forbid that I should introduce party politics here) — but, as a question of political economy, the inquiry will arise, where the surplus products of the soil shall find a sale ? This, I repeat, is the object of government to provide. In a large, phi- losophical, and I might say, philanthropic sense, it is for the interest of government to seek to pro- mote the interests of its citizens. I said that this market of sale and consumption was absolutely necessary. Without it, what use would there be of tliese fertile fields of the Genesee valley — the richest wheat land upon the face of the earth ? Why should a man raise from his farm, beyond the wants of his own household, if he cannot find a market? I do not propose to enter into the con- sideration of any strictly debateable question : but it is an elementary truth — and I say it because it is an elementary truth, which no American citizen, who will reason — who is not under the dominion of names, but who looks to things — will deny — that it is not only within the power, but that it is the duty of the government to take care that there shall be a demand for our agricultural products. (Cheers.) I do not propose, gentlemen, to enter upon the debateable ground of a Protective Tariff, but 1 will say — for I think it, and why not say it ? — [cries of ' Bravo,' and ' Say it' — 'say it"] — I do soy it, gen- tlemen, that the Agriculture of our country is the great matter which demands the protection of our government. It is a niisnomer to speak of the pro- tection of our Manufactures ! It is the protectii of Jjgricullure that is wanted. (Great cheerin; It is to furnish to our agiicultural products a mi kct — a home market — a large market. I ha many friends in Massixhusetts whose capital vested in manufactures. They are deserving the protection and fostering care of the govei locnt. But suppose they do not get it? Th can turn their manufacturing capital to other pi suits. Protection i-; not so important to the mai faclurer as to you— no, not by ten thousand fo Yon want to have open mouths to eat and dri what you raise and have to sell- — in other wor you want a home market — a steady demand for I products of your soil, and which are needed by i manufacturing, the mercantile, and the seafari community. There is, it will be admitted, a large amount capital in the Northern States, vested in nianiifi tures, and it is but natural that that interest shoi be strenuous in securing the protection of the gi eminent. But I insist, gentlemen, in spite of ■ sophistry, and I may say the folly of this age, eg gious as it often is, that the great thing to be loi ed for, is a market at home, and a demand at times for the excess ot agricultural products, i on the other hand, that we should have here homo, a demand for our manufactures — that th should be a constant interchange and intercou among ourselves, that thus our wants might supplied. It is this that is calculated to make a happy and strong people. It is in regard to I subject that our Southern brethren labor unde strange infatuation. There are there respecta men — reasoning and candid men, in most respe and yet it is strange to see how they will rea on this subject. Gentlemen, I belong to Massachusetts. (Ci of ' Bravo,' and 'Three cheers for old Massac setts,' which were given in fine style.) I h taken some pains to institute an inquiry in reg to the sums annually paid by IMassachusetts Virginia and South Carolina, for the agriculti products of these States. It amounts to sevt millions of dollars each year. Take the east part of Virginia and of North Carolina, ami w have they for sale ? One agricultural prodi and one alone, which is largely consumed by agricultural and manufacturing classes of ^ England and the other Northern States. We those Slates annually many millions for that product. We are their best and almost their c customers. England "ill not take a bushe their wheat: they look almost exclusively to market at the North. And yet, gentlemen, ow partly to prejudice, and partly to that so-ca l"ree sentiment — their notions and notionalitie (for, gentlemen, New England is not the < place celebrated for its notions,) — owing to tl causes, these southern producers uniformly and tirely reprobate all idea of protecting the agri tural classes of the North. Yet they are nctu fed, day by day, by the proceeds of their c sold to the citizens of the North ! the only pro( for which they get a single dollar. Why shi they seek to drive ua in Alassachusetts to raise <1 for ourselves.-' to drive us from all other enipi ments except that of agriculture ? They raise this agricultural product cheaper than ' can, and they have only us to buy it of ihem. " may say that this is a strong case — and yet is ; fectly true, both as it regards Virginia and Nil Carolina. I live upon the sandy and barren sin OL. XXII. n;). i-i-. AxXD HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 107 Massachuselts. I am but q poor riinnor, nnd c a trroat quantity of very pmir land. I nnd neighbors, every year, buy Carolina corn, and contrive to pay for it, too, in some way. And tticy would induce us to forsake our present suits — wliether our capital finds employment in lufactures or upon tlie sea — and to raise corn ! is stranire infatuation, indeed, arising from a id adherence to mere political axioms and po- ;al notions which have grown up in the school |)olitical enigmas — for it may be set down as a kirn, that men of sccmi'Hfi- sense will take hold \mgcr and hold on longer, to some abstract the- , than men of good sense to sound opinions. ey like dogmas and theorems which originate ;he school of enigmas, and it is a fact, that ie men like paradoxes belter than simple truths, it is impossible to argue them out of their fan- il theories. A similar, though perhaps not an lal delusion, possesses others ; and that is, that protection of manufactures is of peculiar and :lu3ive benefit to those concernoil in tliat pur- t, that the farmers are not interested in that ■tection. But cannot the mannfactiirer employ capital in other pursuits if it does not yield n a return? liut what is to become of the far- r who tills the soil, if he cannot find a market his commodity ? Can he change his pursuit? .e fact is, gentlemen, that the protection of those 10 raise and consume the products of agricul- •e, is of the highest moment to the man who Itivates his lands and has a surplus product cr what he himself consumes, (.'\pplaiise.) Now, gentlemen, we are Americans. We have .•ast country, with various climates and various rsuils. We have agricultural States and plan- tiou States. We have manufacturing and com- ercial interests, and our business is not to bring ese various interests into a belligerent and hos- e position. We should not seek to inflame our issions. We should strive to make this one •eat nation and family, jointly concerned in pro- oling each other's welfare. We should concili- e, and endeavor to persuade those whose inte- 'Sls are thus connected with ours, that these ivers interests are concerned in promoting the nprovement and well-being of all. We should at sot up interest against interest, but labor to stain such laws and systems and measures of overnment, as will conduce to the protection and romotion of the interests of all the citizens of the fnited States. We have, all of us, an interest in le United States, and in every State, and in the arious classes who compose the population of lose States. I believe that eventually, modera- on, and perseverance, and truth, and reason will revail over all the delusions which now divide us nd drive us to quarrel — and this, too, despite the resent clamor and vehemence which prevails in ome parts of the country. What I have said of the interests and wants of griculture in New York and the North, is as rue of the planting interest of the Southern States, rhe first and best market for their cotton is fur- lished by the northern manufacturers. It is as- onishing — absolutely astonishing, to those who lave inquired into the subject, that the Southern jlanters, who raise and deal in the products of the !oil, and rely upon Northern men to take one- .hird of their crop, and fi.x the price for the bal- incc, without the least charge of freight to them — ,t is, I say, astonishing, that they do not see how dependent they are upon the consumers of our own country ! Why, how would ihcy do in case that the interests of peace and the interests of hii- ofwar? Where would the colton planter find , ninnity— I believe that the great interests of our sale for his crops .= lie would be forced to rely I common religion, which commands us to love one alone upon the homo market. That is now the 1 another, have come to ccmtrol government— to say, earliest, though not the largest. One-third of the '' 'I hus far shall thou come, and no further; and cotton crop is" disposed of at home. The planter ' here let thy proud waves be staid;' and I think I gets his pay earlier from the northern consumer, and a price fixed at which he disposes of the re- mainder of the crop. These, gentlemen, are truths — they are elements of political economy, and are as true upon the James river in Virginia and in North Carolina, as they are here in New York. I do mo.n sincerely hope that the progress of intelligence and of kind feeling will soon make them apparent to all— and that all of the American | cy of England to be more family will see how much their happiness and dig- nity depend upon the free, the just, and the liberal interchange of products among themselves. (Great cheering.) Gentlemen, I am troubling you at too great ength. (Cries of ' No, no,' and ' Go on.') I be see this in every thing and every where — in the cautious policy of England, and in the acts of all the foreign courts, which are but yielding to the necessity of the case. Gentlemen, I am growing garrulous. (' No, no go on.') I had the happiness to believe lliis spirit of reciprocity would have a tendency to pro- duce a proper result. I believe it to be the puli- ibcral in her commer- cial relations — to counteract the restrictive spirit which is supposed to exist, and to adopt a more liberal policy — a pol.cy more favorable to the com- mercial interests of the world. Gentlemen, it is most certain that within a few months there! has been a great change in our intor- lievl-, however, that what I'have said is founded in [course with England. Articles of the growth of truth. I wish to see that truth universally prevail. I wish for the advancement of the great science of agriculture — its interests. I wish for every thing which is calculated to promote its prosperity — ev- ery thing which teaches every man that he has an interest in every other man." (Cheers.) Mr W. then proceeded to advocate his project of "an equitable arrangement" between the gov- ernments of the United States and Great Britain, by which "the duties shall be taken from English manufactures here, and from American agricultu- ral products in England." We give the conclud- ing portion of his remarks : "Now, gentlemen, I say that in the present state of the world — being at peace — when all the commercial States are living upon terms of amity it is a fitting time to extend the embrace of ami- ty and commercial good fellowship. It has been said by a poet, that "War is a game which, if the people were wise, kings would not play at." The people will not have war merely to gratify crowned heads, to establish dynasties, or to effecl any ob- ject not calculated to promote their own happiness. Now, gentlemen, I say it is our duty to look carefully and wisely, but with a conciliatory dispo- gitjon — to compare notes, to see what will be most for the interest of all to give up or secure, and still have our free labor properly protected ; — to the State of New Y'ork and of the West, have in greater profusion than ever before, found their way into England. Within six months quite a new trade has been opened. While in the city of New York, I took occasion to inquire of my friends how it was ; and they assured me that cargoes of beef, pork and lard, were being constantly shipped, and that recently several ships of the largest class have left New York for Liverpool and London, laden exclusively with provisions for those mar- kets. These articles were going out with the hope of obtaining fair profits, and partly because they were cheap here, and because England had modi- fied her tariflf. This is quite a new trade. Should a policy be adopted to augment this trade, who would not rejoice ? The poor of England would be better fed, we would be better paid, and the in- terests of all would be promoted. Gentlemen, I propose to trouble you no farther. I say to you that the time has come when the peo- ple will consent to give up vames and look for o-reat things — to things which belong to their inte- rests. We must look to things ; for we may be sure that however local interests prevail, when we approach the close of life, and look back upon ev. ery thing done, with a large, broad American feel- ing, we will remember with regret all that we did from mere local influences. (Cheers.) Let us re- nterests are connected with the consider what may be done, what arrangements j member that our ir ^ ,i • i made to brincr a'jout these results by formal re- United States, and with every one ot the United This is sure to come— if 1 States. Let us remember there us not a man from ciprocal arrangements. This is not in my day, it is still sure to come. All things are tending to such a result. It is seen in the progress of Christianity. We see it in the politi- cal agitations of other countries. Do you not see, springing up over the face of the whole earth, the free doctrines taught by our ancestors — our own cherished doctrines of popular rights ? This feelintr will go on augmenting, until the doctrine of the divine right of kings will break upon Eu- rope with an irresistible power. Tlie spirit of lib- erality is re-acting upon Europe with a might fear- ful only to those who are unwilling to give up their old prejudices ; but great and glorious to the great mass ot European minds, who wish the whole hu- man family to be governed by pure laws, and that man, the people, sliall have, every where, a con- trolling agency in his own government. I know, gentlemen, that this sentiment must pro- vail. I believe it — firmly believe it. I believe the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, from Maine to Mississippi, in whose welfare we are not con- cerned ; and we should show that we have hearts and souls big enough to embrace the great empire God has given us. And while we are conscious that we have social nnd religious blessings such as none other enjoy, let us be true to our own in- terests ; nnd now and forever, living and dying, remember that we are entirely Americans— Ameri- cans forever !" (Nine cheers.) Corruption, in the public morals, is like a ball of snow — when once set a rolling, it must in- crease. It gives momentum to the activity of the knave, but it chills the honest man, and makes him almost weary of his calling ; and all that corrup- tion attracts, it also retains ; for it is easier not to fall, than only to fall once, nnd not to yield a single inch, than having yielded, to regain it. — Lacon. 108 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, TREATMENT OF HORSES. No animal is more subject to ill-treatment than the horse. Some, fmin ill temper, abuse this no- ble animal, and ruin him utterly, belore ho has come to maturity. Others, ihrouirh lack of jiidij- ment, induce disease and death, before he has lived out half the days whi<;h nature has assigned him. We find but very few indeed, who e.xercise Efood judgment in breaking-, in feeding-, and in driving the horse. Vicious tricks are learned at an early age, and it is often impossible to correct bad hab- its when they are once forinod. We find some horses, of very fine appearance, that will insist on setting their own time lor start- ing. Others will refuse to draw till after the load is fairly under way. Some will kick their best friends, and some will bite the ostler when he comes to do an act of kindness. Tliese are the fruits of education, and most of the u^Iy tricks of horses are learned in breaking. The first step to be taken in training a horse, is halter breaking. It is quite important when you first undertake to control a young horse, that you let him know that your power is supreme. If you let him break his first halter, he will never forget it, and should he afterwards find himself confined by a cable, he will try its strength, because his memory is better than his judgment. The young animal should be repeatedly made fast in different positions ; and he must have re- peated opportunities to test the full virtue of a rope about his head. He should he very carefully tied till he is fully convinced that there is a power above his own strength. When this is once prop- erly done, a single brown thread will hold him and a child may lead him. When you first require him to move he will not be likely to understand you, and you must be very cautious how you undertake to get him into mo- tion. Your most prudent course will be to invite him to accompany another horse that has been trained. After he has been led repeatedly by his side, he will be more willing to follow you alone. The first saddle that is put on his back, should not be held up and made to clatter like a scare-crow. A padding that he has been allowed to sec and to learn that it is not a wild beast, will be more suita- ble than a common saddle. The first load that a young Imrse is put to draw should be a very light one. If he gets set at the first trial, he wil| remember it as long as he will the weak halter; he will suppose that every load is too heavy, and that all halters may be broken. A well trained horse is a rare chattel ; yet noth- ing but plain common sense is necessary to qualify any man to break a horse. Some horsemen pre- fer to let a young animal have his head till he is four years old, and then bring him to the bit and the collar at once ; but horses that are suffered to have their own way till they are four, are likely to prefer the sweets of freedom which they have so long tasted, to any discipline which can be con- trived. The kindest horses are those that were halter-broken when they were quite youn^. Treatment of Horses on a Journey. — If you would have a horse perform much service, you must keep him on hay and grain, or on straw and grain. Horses that go out to pasture, cannot be e.\pected to perform much labor. If you intend that your horse shall perform a long journey, you must prepare him beforehand by letting him be used to hay an ' grain. You will find it most eco- OCT. 4, lH4 nomical on a journey to keep your horses princi- pally on grain. You will not always find the best of hay at public houses, and if your chief reliance is hay, you will soon find your team will fail you. Oats are less likely to hurt a horse than other grain : there is not so much nutriment in them, but there is enough, if you give a sufficient quantity. You can buy them by the bushel, if you have a span of horses ; or if but one, you can still buy at the wholesale price. Some travellers order a half bushel of oats for a supper for a single horse, and these are given him soon after he is put into the stable. Ho is thus enabled to fill himself with a substantial supper and havo much time to lie down and rest; and he is ready to start in the morning as soon as his driver is ready. When half a bush- el is given, the traveller is not expected to pay any thing for the hay, though a little will be eat. iMust people suppose that grain is more apt to injure a horse if given him wlien he is warm, than at other times. It is hard driving immediately after giving grain, that hurts the horse. Many have been ruined in this way, but you cannot show a case where grain proved injurious merely in con- sequence of the warmth of the boast when he eats it. — Maine Cult. cheese, milk, pouJtry, eggs, &c., in abundance ; good school for si.x months in the year, wh, their children probably learned more, because th knew the value of time, than those who were dr en to school every d.-iy in the week and eve week in the year ; with a plain religious meeti on Sunday, where, without ostentation or parai they met their ueighbors to exchange friendly si utations, to hear words of good moral counsel, a to worship God in the most simple, but not t less acceptable form ; and above all, here we hearts at peace wiih the world and with each ot er, full of hospitality to the passing stranger, u cankered by avarice, and undisturbed] by ambi'iic Where upon earth, in an humble condition, or any condition, shall we look for a more beuiitif example of true independence, for a brighter pi turo of the true philosophy of life.— Henri/ Colma MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIHITJO.'* OF FRUITS. Saturday, Sept. 23, 1843. From S. & G. Hyde— Old Mixon, Kobless Independence of the Farmer. — Of all the condi- tions of men— and I have mingled with every va- riety— I believe in truth that none is so indepen- dent as that of an industrious, frugal, and sober farmer; none affords moie the means of content- ment and substantial enjoymeat; none, where edu. cation has not been neglected, presents better opportunities for moral and intellectual improve- ment; none calls more loudly for religious o-rati- tude ; none is suited to give a more lively and deeper impression of the goodness of God. Some years since, in the most rugged parts of New Hampshire, along its craggy cliffs and rude and bold mountains, I was travelling on horseback, and came suddenly upon a plain and moss-covered cot- tage, in the very bosom of a valley, where the brave sctiler had planted himself on a few acres of land, which alone seemed capable of cultivation. Every thing about the residence bespoke industry and care. Being fatigued, I stopped to ask re- freshment for my horse. A hale young girl, of about fifteen, bareheaded and barefooted, but per- fectly modest and courteous, with all the ruddi- ness of Hebe, and all the niinbleness and vigor of Diana, went immediately for an armful of hay and a ineasure full of oats for my horse; and then kindly spread a table with a cloth as white aa the snow-drift, and a bowl of pure milk and brown bread for his rider. I never enjoyed a meal more. I offered the family pay for their hospitality ; but they steadily refused, saying that I was welcome. I was not willing thus to tax their kindness, and therefore took out a piece of money to give to one of their children that stood near. " No," said one of the parents, "he must not take it; we have no use for money." "Heaven be praised," said I, "that I have found a people without avarice. I will not corrupt you ;•' and giving them a hearty thank-offering, wished them God's blessing, and took my leave. Now hero were these humble people, with a home which, if it were burned down today, their neighbors would rebuild for them tomorrow ; with clothing made from their own flocks by their own hands ; with bread enough, and beef, pork, butter, Old Yellow Malacatune, Moore's Red and Vello\ Heath and Orange Rareripe Peaches. The N blesse is a seedling from the old variet.i, tind vei beautiful. From A. D. Capen, a very large apple. Very large Egg Plums, from Mr Bryant. From Otis Johnson, Bartlett Pears and Blac Hamburg Grapes. Fine Bartlett Pears, from S. Walker. Large and beautiful Seedling Peach, from Jn Plovey. Elegant Peaches, from J. Munroe, jr. Chelmsford Pears, and two large dishes of vei fine Stveetwater Grapes, open culture, from S. I Johnson. From the Public Conservatory, Jambosa Male cencis, (the fra-rant Rose Apple, or Malay Apple a tropical fruit, of high fragrance, and rich, del cious flavor. Prom John Hooper, jr., Marblehead, the fine specimens of Bartlett Pears exhibited this seaso being very beautifully colored, grown on Quint stocks from a tree planted last season ; also, Bourr de Pasques, Bilboa Bcurre, Belle Flanders, Fortt na. Jalousie, Harvard, Beurre Incomparable, ar Beurre de Isamburg Pears. From J. F. Trull, Beurre de Amalis, Iron, Ca iliac, and Andrews Pears—superb specimens. From Nathaniel Cooledge, jail yard, Bosto; some of the finest Peaches exhibited, with blac and white Grapes, open culture, fine. From Dr. J. C. Howard, White Chasselas Grape open culture, extra fine ; also. Green Smyrna Mei From D. Wilbur, jr., Somerset; Wilbur's Earl Seedling Pear, very fine, now in eating; a another Seedling called the Hull, large and fiu. flavor good. From Messrs. Winsliip, luscious clusters of Fig i open culture, very tempting and beautiful. "l' From J. L. L. F. Warren, fine specimens c Lemon Clingstone, and Royal George Pdache extra; also. Porter Apples. From Josiah Lovett, 2d, Bread Melon from Sic ly, Smyrna Green, Malta, and Sicilian Green dc all beautiful and of fine flavor. Hericart, Bezi d la Motte, St. Ghislain, Prince's St. Germain ; Ca nbasse, St. Michael, Bourre Delberg (?) and Mus I Summer Bon Chretien Pears ; also, a white App) XXII, XO. 1*. AND HORTICULTUHAL REGISTER 111 THER.MO.METR[CAL. RepiirleiHor Ihe New Gnglnnil Farmer, ige >( ilie rinMnionicterallhcCiarilciiof llie prDpiictors ! .Vew Knsjiaiiil Farmer, Brigluon, Mass. in » sliade Stores, 4000 Sheep 2050 Swine. uicEs.— Bee/ Cattle — .\ small advance was effected last week. We quote e.xtra $4 50, fiist quality $4 ■5, second quality *3 75 a 4.00, third quality $2.50 a ores.— Two year old $3 (i 13. Three year old a 17. ■ eep.— Small hits from thirty to fifty were sold from ts to $1.42, $1.50. Wethers from $1.25lol.75. einc. — Shoals to peddle 4 1-2 f"r sows and 5 1-2 jarrows. Ohio Hogs 4 anrl 4 1-2. Large barrows 4. At retail from 5 to 5 1-2. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, Ih. 37 a 10 e, --Amer- ican full hlood dn 3.1 a 3,->— Ho 3-4 do 32 a no— Do. I -2 do 29 a 30-1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyriui Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do. uiiwasiicd, 9 a 12 — l!cn!;asi do C as— Saxony , r lean, no — Buenns Avres unpicked, 7 a 10 — no. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamh 2i a 32— No. 1 do. ilo. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do ilo clu I'J a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. About 160 bales have come in this week, most'y inspect- ed, a part of which have been taken to fill conlracts with the brewers hero, and at the Snutb, Some small lots have been sold at 7 a Sc, at which prices more is ofiered j GO bales shipped to Phdadelphia for sale 1st sort Mass. 1843, lb. 7 a 0. 1842, 6 a 8. FI AY, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed 89 to II. CHEESE— Shipping and 4meal, 3 to 4 l-2c.— New 6 to 6. EGGS, 12 a 14. WHOLRSALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, weekly. ?EDS. Herds Grass, J(n 00 to 2 50 per bushel. Red Top -) 50 cents, (,'lover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Southern, 0 c. Flax Seed, SO 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ary Seed, S2 23 per bush«l. RAIN. The market for all kinds of Grain remains ei- ively dull, and the views of dealers for yellow Corn are .ill lower rates. orn — Northern, old, bushel 56 to 00— Southern, round ow, old, 54 a 55— Southern flat yellow, new, 51 a 52— do. white 50 a 00 — do New Orleans, 48 a 60— Barley 00 —live. Northern, 63 a 65— do. Southern, CO a 62 — s, Sontiiern, 26 a 23— Norlbern do. 29 to 30— Beans, per lel 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 35 — Bran, I 20. LOUR. The market has varied in price from day to during the past w^ek 6 1-4 a 12 1-2 cts per bri. Hold- mdinifested at the close more readiness to sell, the wea- r being favorable for the arrival of expected supplies. Baltimore, Howard Street. 4 mos. cr. 84 75 a 4 97 — do. >rf. So 00 a 0 00— do. free of garlic. S4 62 a 0 00— Phila- jhia do. 4 mos. St 30 a 4 62 — Fredericksliurg, low I'd 4 !. 84 62 ft 4 75 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 00. leorsjeiown, S5 00 a 5 2,3— Richmond Canal, So no a 0 00 t). City, So 00 a 1100— Petersburjjh, South side SO 00 a 0 00 0. Country So 00 aO 00 — Genesee, common, cash, 84 75 a >— do faiicy brands S4 87 a 5 00 — Ohio via Canal, )0 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 50 a 4 62. Rye, )0 a 3 25 — India-i Meal in bbls. 82 75 a 0 00. 'ROVISIONS. The transactions have been very cir- ^scribed, and prices are less firmly sustained. iecf- Mess 4 no. new bbl. Ss 00 a 8 25— Navy— S7 00 a ).— No. 1, 6 75 a 0 00— do Prime SO 00 a 0 00— Pork— .ra clear 4 mo.bhl. S13 30 a 14 00— do Clear Sl2S0a 13 00 Mess, 11 00 a 11 50— do Prime Slo 00 a 10 50— do Mess n other States,— a do Prime do do So 00 a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do Soo on a 00 00 — :ter, shipping, 0 a 0 i — do store, uninspected, 7 a 9 — i1o ry, 10 cts. a 14 — Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 — do ith and Western, 5J a 6^ — Ham=, Boston, 6 a 6^ — ilhern and Western, 5^ a 6^ — Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4 1 -2 — do new milk, 5 a 6. VOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ei- lation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, ad . .\11 whereol the value exceeo that il Plough works with the greatest ease, both wiih respect i the holding and the team. The Committee at the late trt of Ploughs at Woreester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to whirh of the Ploui,'! we should prefer for use on a farm, we miglit perhaps say the inquirer, if your land is mostly light'and easy to wnr try Prouty & Mears, butif vour land is heavy, hard orrock BEGIN WITH Me. HowABD'3.'' At the above mentioned trial the Howard Plough ;/; more work, icitk the same power nf team, than ami otlh plough exhibited. No other tunieil more thiin twenivse/i and one half inches, to the 112 llis. draught, while ll Howard Plough turned ticentt/nine and one half ini:hes, the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howord Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantial made. There has i'een quite an improvement made on the shd or laud side of this Plough, which can be renewed wulio having to furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise secui the mould board and landside together, and strengthens tl Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 toSlS. A Plniii; sufficient for breaking up with four catile, will cost abo SiO 60, and with ciiller 4l, with wheel and cutter, S2 i extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stun Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, liv JOSKPH BRECK & CO. Parliamentary Wisdom. — Legislative blunders are not less amusing than instructive. An Eng- lish paper states that so carelessly have act.s of Parliament been framed, that one, in prohibiting the doing of a certain act under pain of transpor- tation, contained a clause dividing the penalty be- tween the King and the informer! The (iih of George HI., passed for the protec- tion of limber trees, enumerates all the trees which it was supposed would come under the denomina- tion. Seven years afterwards, it was necessary to pass another act, adding to the enumeration poplar, alder, larch, maple, and hornbeam trees. Calico Printing. — A correspondent of the Roch- ester Democrat, who writes from Providence, R. I., gives a brief and interesting history of calico print- ing in the United States. The first effort of the art was made in Taunton, Mass., in 1825, when calicoes were from three to six times their present price. This pioneer enterprise failed, but other manufactories started up. The gradual decline of duties on foreign prints 1832, affected the prosperity of the American works, but they took a fresh start under the last tariff. The revival of business has given them new vigor, and the number of machines now in operation is one hundred and twenty. In 1836, over l.")0,000,000 yards of calicoes were imported. Last year the importations fell off to 1,5,000,000 yards, while the American prints made in 1842, reached the enormous amount of 1.58,028,000 yards, worth $14,000,000. The capital employed in all brancjies of the business, is not far from $8,000,000. The tables are now turned, and instead of import- ing, the United States are beginning to export cal- icoes. In quality, the domestic article will fully compete with the foreign. — Salevi Gaz. -WIIiLiIS'S I.ATEST 13IPROVED VEGETABLE CUTTKK. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of cu ting Ruta Baga. Mangel Wurtzel, and oilier roots. Tl great objection to other machines, is their cutting the roo into slices, which makes it almost impossible for the call to get hold of them : this machine with a little alteratic cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as most convenient for ihe cattle to eat- It will cut with ea: from one to two bushels of roots per minute. Kor sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., No. 52 Nor Market st. To diminish envy, let us consider not what oth- ers possess, but what they enjoy : mere riches may be the gift of lucky accideiit or blind chance, but happiness must be the result of prudent preference and rational design ; the highest happiness, then, con have no other foundation than the deepest wisdom ; and the happiest fool is only as happy as he knows how to be. — Lacon. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction roller? ai moved with a foot treader, is found to be a great improv ment on the old mode of hanging grindslones. Stones hui in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and whereV' used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be aitac: ed to stones hung in the common way. Kor sale liy , BRECK & Co., No. 51 North Market street. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for tesiir the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEKKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not pa within Bixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank i subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, wiiho expense to subscribers. arUTTLK AND DEWKtTT. PRinTEKSi 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGIS T E R . ^PUnUSHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aa,.c...TU,A. Wa,c»o.b,.) ...XMI.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTODER^ H. J843. [NO. 15. N. E. FARMER, THINGS IN VIRGINIA. '■irginia ia a State full of interest to a traveller, ;lher he loves agriculture, mule teams, coal re- ns, horse racing, or neither of them. God, in benevolence, has made it a prolific land, from deep valleys to the highest elevation of the egh.inies. Man is more indolent than sinful in Old Dominion. He knows nothing of the far- r's ceaseless toil at the North ; hence many is of the soil sleep away life in a log-hut, in the utiful valley of the Shenandoah, whilst his cat- horses, hogs and wheat, are increasing in fat- a for an autumnal troop of purchasers, rhe ambition of a genuine Virginia planter in grain-growing regions, is more land, although fact 13 acknowledged by men of good judg- nt that they have too much already. " A little m'well tilled, and a little barn well filled," uld be productive of quite as much thrift there, in the variable climate and hard-coaxed soil of • w England. Eastern Virginia, like a fast driven horse, is nting for breath : it has been taxed to its utmost pacity, since the settlement on James River, ■cause'ithas been poorly managed, (he land is eap. Very excellent tracts, called old fitldi, ght be purchased for less than half their real lue. A very small amount of labar, assisted by udern discoveries in the science of agriculuire, 5uld convert many poverty-stricken places into •lighlful abodes of plenty. Instead of going rough fire and water to get a little terra firma in e benighted, half-explored territories of the west, t expending one-third of the money it costs to ach (he boundaries of civilization, a grand farm ight be obtained in Virginia, near the great ave- jes, railroads, &c., which, in ten years, under the gilant superintendence of a Massachusetts far- ler, would make him rich. The old slock of Virginians are an unchanging eople ; they seem not to have deviated in the lightest measure from the customs of their ances- ars.' Fences are still made high enough to keep ut mastadons, and teamsters still ride the near orse, although harnessed to a great mammoth ragon that reminds one of the ponderous car of uggernaut. Nothing so provokes a Yankee as he odd way of doing things on a Virginia farm, lorses are enveloped in harness that almost con- leals their backs as they tug under its weight. ?nt all the ridicule in Christendom will never alter he condition of the unlucky right wheel horse, loomed to carry the driver over hill and dale to the ind of life. Virginia is the only State in the Union where ■ural architecture has been reduced to a system, ind pertinaciously adhered to throughout its whole length and breadth. Log-houses are universal, even where saw. mills are within hailing distance. Mud and clay is used for filling the interstices, and in consequence of fresh air and daylight, the cultivators are a noble race in physical organiza- tion—enjoying uncommon health from the cradle to the grave. In character, they are hospitable, eenerous, untiringly kind, and the best of masters. Even the great and lofty ridges of the Allegha- nics, are cultivated in patches, yielding wheat in abundance, and afiording pasturage for immense herdsofcattle, and rich pickings for hogs, which no man could number. The wild, unsubdued for- est glens and the peaks of mountains, alike con- tribute towards the support of a prodigious multi- tude of semi-domesticated animals. They rove throu'^h the summer ad libitum, but are brought in on the approach of winter, to be brushed up for market. It is a fault, also, in the character of the Western Virginia farmers, that they are continu- ually hankering for more land. Farms vary in size from four hundred to two thousand and even five thousand acres. Cornfields of an hundred acres are by no means uncommon in the valley of the Kanhawa river. One individual in the writer s mind, owns twelve miles of pasturage, in knf;th. Every thing in Virginia is conducted after the fashion of a by-gone age— with the farmers. Me- chanics ore scarce out of the large towns. Black- smith's are seen at the bellows-pole here and there, but they are almost invariably negroes. All the necessaries of life are cheap, even in times of scar- city, compared with northern prices. The riches of the country are continually gushing out at every pore on the western side ; yet there is a certain indffnabU something wanting to give a cheerful aspect to one of the first sections of country in the world. — Bost. Trans. BORERS NOT KILLED. .Mr Editor— Ben]. Hobart, Esq., of Abington, has an orchard, about twenty years old, which he has spared no paina to cultivate and improve; but he finds that the borer has laid siege to it; and now it is his determined purpose to get rid of this most destructive insect in the surest way. He has followed your directions, as he thinks, Mr Editor, and given his trees a thorough washing with very strong potash water, having them previously scrap- ed &c. The washing was done about the middle of July last. On the 13th of September, instant, being at his home on a visit, 1 went out with him to examine hie trees, and we found, that the wash- in" had not been effectual, however plentifully it mfght have been put on. The little depredator was there, and had commenced operations. More or less of these mischievous trespassers we drew out from their hiding places in almost every tree which we examined. We found the young borer, generally, advanced but a little ways beyond the bark, and from a quarter to half an inch in length ; but now and then we encountered an old settler, to dislodge which required something more than a sharp-pointed knife. A slim, iron probe, (being the trimming cut from a tack-plate,) answered a much better purpose than a wire, to search out and destroy this old rogue. This instrument is very tough, and bo bendable, that there was no difficul- ty in following the track to the necessary length. It is certainly to be preferred to a wire probe, and cartloads may be had at the tacic factories for a mere trifle. Now, sir, here is one case in which the washing recommended did not answer thu purpose. Per- haps you will say that it was done too late in the season. It may be so ; hut Mr H. thinks, as to this point, that ho has followed the directions laid down in the agricultural papers. He seems to have lost all confidence in the effect from washing, and thinks that the knife and probe only will an- swer the purpose ; though it may be said that a single cnsa proves nothing. This case is reported for general benefit. If it stands alone, and all other similar trials have been successful, then, per- haps, some cause may be assigned for its failure. As your business leads you to an investigation of these subjects, you may have no difficulty about it, but be ready to give your readers the why, the wherefore, and the requisite satisfaction. Yours, &c. B. BROWN. E. Bridgewater, Sept. 18, 1843. iJ5=If "strong lye" will not kill the young mag- "ots, we are wrong in our recommendation of the article. Many farmers fear to apply such lye to the bark for fear of killing tlieir trees! Will it not kill young maggots just hatched? We know- it will if it comes in contact with them ; we have abundant evidence that strong lye will clear a nur- sery of these borers : we will name one. The Messrs. Winship, who have a celebrated nursery at Brighton, were much troubled, some years ago, with borers in their trees, but since they have practiced washing with lye, they have not the least trouble with them. The fly usually lays her eggs about the first of July, and they hatch in about eight days— some, however, begin earlier and some hatch later. Whether Mr Hobart's wash ever touched a worm, we have no cvidenge. It would not cost a great deal of time or money to dip one of the little worms into a spoonful of lye and see how long he would live in it. How easy to try this rather than to presume that a wash which will kill every thing else, will not destroy a borer. Let us have some evidence that the wash came in contact with the worms, before we condemn it. We suspect that some boy was sent to wash Mr Hobart's trees, and that he did not perform the work faithfully. Else why does he not say that he saw the eggs or the maggots on the tree when the wash was used, and that it would not kill them ? It seems odd that such numbers are now found just under the bark, and yet that not a worm waa seen in July ! Leached ashes, placed about a tree, will destroy the young borers, and these arc surely not so strong as lye that will bear an egg. The Hon. Will. Jackson, of Newton, has now no trouble with borers, though his trees were once full of them. He dug out the old settlers many years ago. and he now hauls away the sprouts and rubbish around his trees and applies leached ashes, and he finds them effectual. — Mass. Ploughman. 114 NEW ENGLAND FARMER DR. SHURTLEFF'S ANSWERS TO OUR INQUIRIES. Boston, Ort. rih, is-ia Mr Josrph Brf-ck— Dear Sir— In answer to the iiiqnirics in the New EnqKind Farmer of tlic 4th iiist., concerninjr my son's farm in Chelsea, I would remark, that as you have questioned nie up- on a great variety of subjects, and as I am some- what infirm, and cannot handle my pen with as much readiness as in former times, you must ex- cuse me if I do not immediately give all the infor- ciation desired ; bui it will afford me much plea- sure to communicate, from time to time, for publi- cation in your valuable paper, as I find it conve- nient, and as ray health will allow. 1. That part of the farm in question contains about ISO acres, and is at present divided as fol- lows, viz : Pastunnjr. about (54 acres ; salt marsh 53 acres ; English mnwiniT, 48 acres ; tillatre, with winter rye, potatoes, corn, carrots, blood and -su-rar beets, rota ba^'a, flat turnip, corn-fodder and nur- sery—about J2 acres. Of rotten salt-peat marsh some centuries ago a cedar swamp, (of which there 18 decided evidence, by the remaining rotten roots of large growth,) about 4 acres. Of unproductive cay land, about 2 1-2 acres. This clay land though of no consequence for cultivation, is valua' ble to make bricks, it being of a very fine and pure quality. 2. There is cut upon this farm about one hun- dred tons of English hay, and as many of salt. 1 he salt hay is all consumed on the farm.'but near- ly all the good English hay is sold. 3. Six years ago, thirteen acres of upland were mown, and the quantity of hay produced was only three tons: this year, the same land produced more than twenty ton.s. Part of this lot was plowed and laid down with a compost of two-thirds rotten saltmud and one-third of either horse or cat- tle manure, but by far the greater part was not broken up, but liberally top-dressed with the same compost. Most of the remainder of the mowin'ork well, almost without exception, and it was no easy matter to determine to one's own satisfac lion who were the most deserving. Twentythree fine teams each with two yoke of o.ven, ,novin<. brisk.y and yet without noise or confusion, on one field were a beautiful sight. The land selected for the trial was rather hard and gravelly, and con- tained no small number of rocks and stones It was a good field on which to show skill and dex- terity at the plow-handles. All other parts of the show we saw only with the eyes of others ; but they were said to be good. Hon. L. Saltonstall, President of the Society presided at the dinner table, with his usual .race and dignity, and in a neat speech set forth the bearing of general peace among the nations upon agriculture. Col. Duncan, of Haverhill, Hon. Jo- seph Cabot, of Salem, and Mr Hayden, of Boston favored the company with remarks instructive o; agreeable. 1 he dinner passed off pleasantly, and subsequently a large concourse of citizens in .he meeting-hou.e, were instructed and delighted by the President in hia address. 1 will not attempt XXII. 913. 15. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 115 ilysi3 of the speaker's remarks : tliey were snt to the occasion — just and eloquent. s II. For the best 12 dissimilar blooms, a m of $.5 to H. W. Button. re were other prizes, which would have been !d to Messrs. Stickney, Button, Warren and •r, had not the 2d rule in the regulations for :hlia show, prevented these gentlemen from more than one prize in B and C division. ■ contribution of Bahlias, e.xclusive of those for premium, was very good. We noticed if great merit in the stands, from the Presi- f the Society, Messrs. Winship, of Brighton, ey. Button, Copoland, Mellcr, Trull, War- '^inslow, Robinson, S. A. Walker, Howard, hers. Among so many beautiful specimens, ill denote only a few of extra quality, viz : he collection of the President of the Socie- ex Triumph, a splendid show ; so was Spring- urple, Queen, Virgil, Argo, Primrose, Pick- Messrs. Winship, of Brighton, presented ecimens, among them, Buke of Bedford (ex- jnqueror of Europe, Andrew Hofer,'Pick- and many others. By Mr H. K. Oliver, of Oakley's Surprise, Miranda, Lady Rae Eva, Bodd'a Prince of Wales, and Marshal By Jas. Upton, of Salem, Northern lieau- mrose, and Pickwick. By F. Putnam, of Unique, Marshal Sonlt, Lady Bathurst, and )f Bath. By H. W. Button, Miranda, Eva, il Soult, Constantia, Bridesmaid, and Oak- iurprise — in all 75 blooms. P>y J. Stickney, 122 specimens — among them, E.ssex Triumph, Pickwick, Argo, and many others of great beauty, and fully equal to any in the room. We were not furnislied with a list of the names of the flowers presented hy Mr R(diinson ; we would therefore say that his blooms were among the best, well grown, and put into the stands in good order, and did Mr R. ns a cultivator, great credit. Mr Meller made a good display : his specimen of Striata formosissima, was the best we ever saw. Bouquets, by J. L. L. F. Warren, did him great credit ; they were very beautiful. Bahlias, Verbenas, Asters, Phlox, &c., by Mr Trull. Andrew Hofer, by Mr Trull, was extra fine. By Br. Howard, of Brookline, Bouquets, Bahlias, &.C. &.C. By Hovey &. Co., some fine bouquets of Roses, &.C. By C. McClure, of Boston, a collection of Bah- lias, among them, fine specimens of Pickwick and Constantia. By Mr E. Winslow, of Roxbury, Bahlias ; Essex Triumph, Argo, and Pickwick. By Mr John Howe, of Brookline, a very pretty basket of flowers. The Asters by Messrs. Trull and Stickney, were very fine. For the Committee, S. WALKER, Chm'n. The Tomato, and how to malie it last as long as jwssible. — A writer in the American Farmer gives these hints to the growers and consumers of this capital vegetable — good boiled, good stewed, good broiled, good as a salad, as a sauce, for a soup, and raw : — " On the day I apprehend a frost, I pick all that are ripe, and all that have any tinge of red on them, and lay thein on pieces of pine bark in the garden, covered with grass or straw at night, and uncovered in the day, which will ripen them more perfectly in a few days ; after which, I lay them on a shelf, and unless the weather is unusually cold or wet, I have them frequently until Becem- bor. By observing tliis plan, I had a few toma- toes at my table on last Christmas day, as a rarity." The editor commenting on this suggestion, says : '' Our correspondent picks off the ripe fruit and those tinged with red, and preserves them for future use. But if he will, on the approach of a frost, take up hia vines, with aU their fruit on thtm, and hang them up under cover in some out-house, he will have a large addition to his winter stock ; for ho will find even the small green fruit will mature, (so far as to color,) the larger ones will prove very good, and at that season of the year very accepta- ble. The method we usually pursue, is to throw the vines over a pole, and place it in our barn, or any convenient place, and there let them hang, taking from the vines only as many of the fruit as are wanted for use. They keep well in this way, and a large quantity can be secured with very lit- tle labor." Fish Bones. — It is well known that there is much pain and danger resulting from the lodging of small fish-bones in the throat. But perhaps it is not generally known that the ui/iie aid rendered by them in vari- ous ways to the great cause of horticulture. Voted, That the Guano be distributed among the members ^f the Society, and that they be request- ed to report at a future meeting, on the effect pro- duced by its application. Voted, That the name of J. E. Teschemacher, Corresponding Secretary, be added to ihe delega- tion to visit the American Institute, of New York, at its coining anniversary. Adjourned to Ist Saturday in November. EBEN. WIGHT, Rec. Sec'ry. Hospiiality of a Dog We find in a late foreign journal, a singular fact, illustrating the principle of hospitality, as evinced in that noble animal, the dog. A gentleman had a dog, a cross between a terrier and a bull-dog, that was observed in the middle of a heavy thunder storm, to come out of his kennel, into which a hen immediately strutted with her brood of chickens. The dog gallantly endured the pelting of the storm, regarding his guests with evident complacency, who remained under shelter till the storm subsided; nor did their host venture to enter his house till they thought proper to withdraw. The Bristol Co. Jlgricultural Fair, we learn, passed off remarkably well. 116 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, OCT. 11, in* VALUE OF OXEN. We find in the Mississippi Valley Farmer, the following extracts from an address by the late President Madison, before an Agricultural Society in Virginia ; " I cannot liut consider it as an error in our hus- bandry, that oxen are too little used in the place of horses. Every fair comparison of the expense of the two animals, favors a preference of the ox. But the circumstance particularly recommending him, is, that he can be supported when at work, by grass and liay ; while the horse requires grain, and much of it. But will not the ox himself when at work require grain food as well as the horse ? Certainly much less, if any. Judging from my own observation, I should say, that a plenty of good grass, or good hay, will suffice without grain, where the labor is neither constant nor severe. But I feel entire confidence in saying, that a double set of oxen alternately at work, and therefore lialf the time at rest, might be kept in good plight with- out other food than a plenty of good grass or good liay. And as this double set would double the supply of beef, tallow and leather, a set-off is found in that consideration for a double consumption of that kind of food. The objections generally made to the ox, are — 1. That he is lees tractable than the horse. 2. That he does not bear heat aa well. 3. That he does not answer for the single plow used in our corn-fields. 4. That he is slower in his move- ments. 5. That he is less fit for carrying the produce of the farm to market. The first objection is certainly founded in mis- take. Of the two animals, the ox is the more do- cile. In all countries where the ox is the ordina- ry draught animal, his docility is proverbial. His intractability, where it exists, has arisen from an occasional use of him only, with long and irregu- lar intervals, during which, the habit of discipline being broken, a new one is to be formed. The second objection has aa little foundation. The constitution of the ox accommodates itself as readily as that of the horse, to diflTerent climates. Not only in ancient Greece and Italy, but through- out Asia, as presented to us in ancient history, the ox and the plow are associatedj At this day, in the warm parts of India and China, the ox, not the horse, is in the draught service. [n every part of India the ox always appears, even in the train of her armies. And in the hottest parts of the West Indies, the ox is employed in hauling weighty pro- duce to the sea-ports. The mistake here, as in the former case, has arisen from the effect of an occa- sional employment only, with no other than green food. The fermentation of this in the animal, heated by the weather, and fretted by the disci- pline, will readily account for his sinking under his exertions ; when food even, much lees dry, with a sober habit of labor, would have no ten- dency. Tlie third objection also, is not a solid one. The ox, by a proper harness, can be used singly as well as the horse, between the rows of Indian corn, and equally so used for other purposes. Ex- perience may safely be appealed to on this point. In the fourth place it is alleged he is slow in his movements. This is true, but in a less degree than is often taken for granted. Oxen that are well chosen for their form, are not worked after the age of about eight years, (the age at which they are b9»t fitted for beef,) not worked loo many together, and are suitably matched, may be kept to nearly as quick a step as the horse. The last objection has most weight. The ox is not as well adapted as the horse for road service, especially for long trips. In common roads, which are often soft, and sometimes suddenly become so, the form of his foot and the shortness of his leg, are disadvantages; and on roads frozen or turn- piked, the roughness of the surface in the former case, and its hardness in both cases, are inconve- nient to his cloven hoof. But where the distance hundred pounds or more, and he is then placed the full length of his chain from the manger, wh is filled with provender, and he cannot appruacli eat without drawing the weight after liiin. this manner he soon accustoms himself to move load, and in the course of a fortnight, he will pr ably be tamed without further trouble." to market is not great, where the varying state of the roads and the weather can be consulted, and where the road service is in less proportion to the farm service, the objection is almost deprived of its weight. In cases where it most applies, its weight is diminished by ihi; consideration, that a much greater proportion of service on the farm may be done by oxen than is commonly done, and that the expense of shoeing them is little different from that of horses." The editor of the Farmer adds : I " The value of the ox for labor is much increas- ed by substituting the collar and traces for the common wooden yoke and bows. The horse col- lar reversed, or turned the bottom up, makes an ex- act fit for the neck of the ox, if it be made of a suitable size. We have been assured by those who have adopted this method of gearing, that it lias with them a decided preference over the common method. The following are some of the advantages : Whether the oxen be geared singly or in pairs, they travel with more ease to them- selves ; and there is consequently an increase of speed in travelling ; there is less liability to chafe and gall, and what many would consider the most important advantage, there is an addition to the strength of draft of at least ten per cent. On farms where oxen have not been already employed, the young steers may bo very readily broken in to work by having an old steady horse put before them. We cannot, however, but advert to a common practice, which, though prevalent chiefly among small farmers, is yet by no means unusual on many larger concerns — of pairing hor- ses or mules together at the same work with oxen, which, of all the preposterous customs ever sanc- tioned by ignorance, seems the most absurd. A sluggish ox is thus sometimes coupled with an ac- tive horse ; at first, the latter exhausts his strength, but at length, finding his advantage in moderating his pace, he adopts the slow step of the former, and having once acquired the habit, it soon be- comes fixed, and he sufiers great injury in his val- ue. A sinfjle horse is in that manner often added, cither as a wheeler or a leader to a pair of oxen, from an idea that such a mode of draught is more handy than when oxen are employed alone, but it is a custom which no plea can really excuse. There is a very simple mode adopted by many fo.'eign farmers, to induce obstinate steers to take kindly to their work, without either loss of time in attendance or unnnecessary force, and merely by acting upon their appetite. The animal is har- nessed, and fastened by the collar to a cord or chain, which runs in a ring, to which a weight is appended at the manger, which he can approach or retire from at pleasure. Another weight is then hung to his traces, by the centre of the splin- ter-bar, and rests upon the ground, passing through a pulley upon which it moves. The weight to which the steer is thus attached, may be about a WHEAT CULTURE. By the aid of chemistry, the wheat-growon France have succeeded in doubling the produc wheat in that kingdom within the last ten ye and now annually harvest more wheat than grown in all the islands of Great Britain and in United States. Within the same period, the nual crop of wheat in this State (New York,) diminished not far from 30 per cent. Vegetable charcoal has been the most us agent employed by French wheat-growers to n vate their exhausted soil, prevent rust, and imp alike both the quality and quantity of the c With our still abundant forests, this fertilizer be obtained here at probably one-fifth, if not tenth of its cost in France. That our farmers may not be asked to thing blind-folded, we will try to explain, in a words, the reasons why this substance was rei mended by the French chemists to the attentic the wheat-growers of that kingdom. The decomposition of vegetable and animal ter constantly taking place on the surface of earth, disengages a large quantity of volatile monia, which is conveyed by the constontly ing atmosphere wherever it may be needed as for plants. According to Brande, water at 5( grees, takes up 670 times its bulk of volatile monia, and thus it is that showers of rain I large quantities of this valuable manure ti earth. The heat of a summer sun quickly ei rates the water and volatilizes the ammonia, away it goes again into the air. Charcoal h strong affinity for this gas, of which it will al 90 times its bulk. Spread upon a field of gro wheat, it imbibes a large portion of the ainrn that falls with the falling dews and showers: becomes fixed, and is made to enrich wheat at the expense of other portions of the vege world. To make good plump, rich wheal, it hv fattened like a lean pig, judiciously fed in ! If this be not done, like the wild alligator i al the southwest, our best varieties of wheat go back to what they were before cultivate improved by man. There are other volatile besides simple ammonia and some of its compc afloat in the atmosphere, which being solu water fall in rain, and may be absorbed in cha^ It is known to wheat-growers that wheat U liable to be struck by rust during the early f lion of the berry, than at any other period, also known to physiologists that the drall upc vital energies of the plant during tlie matu; the seed, is far greater than at any other It is also believed that the large quantity of i niacal and other stimulating salts taken in plant by their excess during the warm sh when the berry is growing and ripening, c ! the stalk to burst open, its juices to exude, a I often fatal shrinking of the seed. The 1.1 chemists having witnessed this truly lameil blighting of human food, suggested the use of? coal to absorb the excess of these useful ir i' vol.. XaII. no. 15. AND HORTICULTURAL RE G I S T E R. 11' (1 give lliem out pradiially, as a sensible man juld feed a young liorse ; not a bushel of oats at ice, but a few quarts, as he shall need them. If ! credit the concurrent testimony of both French d Knghsh wheat-growers, the result has been cciscly as the deductions of science had predict- 1 it would be. U should ever be borne in mind at fat wheat, like fat domestic animals, must be ado so by skilful management. — Buffalo Adv. ESSEX CATTLE SHOW. We find the following further particulars of the how of the EsseK Agricultural Society, in the ewburypoit Herald : " More than twice the n«»»I number of teams ntered for the plowmg match, heing upwards of iventy double teams. The fruits and flowers were in abundance, and lade a fine appearance. The articles of domestic manufacture were very umerous, and many of them most exquisite speci- lens of taste and skill. Many very superior samples of butter were ex- bited, showing a gratifying improvement in the haracler of the dairy. The improvement in agricultural implements, narticularly in plows, was surprising, when con- rasted with what they were ten years ago. Those who have constantly attended these exhi- litions, consider the show of cattle as the finest vhich has ever been on the ground. The Dur- lains were splendid animals, and bore away the pnlm. Premiums for Durham bulla were awarded to Mr Marland, of Andover, and to Indian Hill Farm, West Newbury. Five young Durham cows from Indian Hill Farm, were entered for exhibition only, and at- tracted much attention. They are highly spoken of in the report of the committee. The chairman of the committee on Swine, Mr Poole, of Danvers, in his report drew forth the rapturous plaudits of his auditors. It was one of the best reports of the kind yet produced, and the the chairman of the Worcester County Committee, must look well to his laurels. A number of the committees on farms, nurseries, &c., were not ready with their reports. The committee on forest trees awarded a pre- mium of $20 to Indian Hill Farm. Hon. Daniel P. King, member of Congress from the second district, resigned his office of Secreta- ry, and Hon. Allen W. Dodge, of Hamilton, was chosen." THE FAIR OF THE N. Y. STATE AGRI CULTURAL SOCIETY. The lale Fair of the New York State Agricul tural Society at Rochester, was probably tho grand- | the country was formed est and most imposing exhibition of the kind ever held in this country. It is estimated that M,000 persons, including a great portion of tho farmers of Western New York, were present. Mr Van Bu- ren, Mr Webster, Mr Granger. Gov. Bouck, Gov. Seward, James S. Wadsworth, were among the distinguished individuals who look part in the pro- ceedings. Almost every thing that nature can produce or art desire, si-ems to be included in the catalogue of articles exhibited. From all quarters of her wide domain, the Empire State appears to have contributed of her treasures. One writer esti- mates that there were at least 4,000 wheeled car- riages in full operatiim, and 10,000 horses. And in the show ground, some (iO Durham bulls, 20 stud-horses, several hundred sheep and hogs, a thousand horses of all kinds, &e. &c. Upwards of 1100 persons sat down to the agri- cultural dinner of the first day. Messrs. Van Bnren, Granger, Wadsworth, (who acted as President,) and many others spoke eloquently on the occasion. The Mechanics' Fair, the Orphans' Fair, and the Agricultural Fair were all open at the same time. The plowing match took place in the forenoon of the second diy. Eighteen teams started for the purse, in presence of thousands of spectators. In the afternoon. Dr. Beekman, of Kinderhook, de- livered the annual address to a company of 10 or 15,000 in the Exhibition field upon the banks of the Genesee river, Mr Wadsworth presiding. Upon the stage were Mr Van Buren, Gov. Bouck, ex-Gov. Seward, Christopher Morgan, and other eminent gentlemen. In the evening Mr Webster made a great speech. The Rochester Democrat says: "We ore in- formed by one of the committee, that the amount received from admission fees at the show ground, was about $14,000; and from members and suh- scriptions about $10,000, making in all say $24,000. The amount of premiums for the year is .'J'J.OOO, and the contingent expenses are nearly $1,000. The Society receives $700 from the State." called up in review a story of the past relating to the exploits of the Middlesex men, both in arts and in arms. He reminded us that the first canal in in Middlesex ; that the first college was here founded ; and that the first vessel which was ever built in the country, was launched at Medford, in Middlesex county. This vessel was called "The Blessing of the Bay." Thai it wai Middlesex which had the honor of first resisting British encroachment ; and on her soil was formed the old revolutionary army under the command of the Father of his Country. The cattle in the pens were not so numerous as we could wish, though we saw some good oxen and cows, and some young cattle of promise. There is belter stock in the county. The oxen in the teams looked well and worked well, and, on the whole, old native county of Middlesex made a very good appearance, and we need not fear a com- parison with most of the counties of the Common- wealth. We care not who obtained the premiums these arc of minor consideration ; we make no dollar and cent calculations when we go to cattle shows. We love to see people meet on equal terms, and we are much pleased that those who court popularity, are obliged to bow to our sturdy farmers and mechanics. At the dinner table we were honored by the presence of public men and literary characters. The Hon. Levi Woodbury, late Secretary of the Treasury, dined with us in the hall. He was in- troduced by a handsome compliment from E. R. Hoar, Esq., who stated that if we did not find so laro-e vegetables in New Hampshire as in Massa- Pdiij Aristocracy. — If there is any thing disa- greeable in the social circle — really loathsome in any kind of society — it is to hear a poverty-stricken aristocrat, too lazy to work and ashamed to beg, talk of what he once was, of rich uncles, aunts, cousins, of the splendor of his father's mansion, and his mother's " first society." He had better date his origin in a hog-sty, and then the public, bored to death with storiea of his ancient eminence, would give him some credit for getting up in the world. — Bangor Cour. If Satan ever laughs, it must be at hypocrites; they are tho greatest dupes he has: they serve him better than others, and receive no wages. — Lacon. PLOWING MATCH AND EXHIBITION AT CONCORD. On Wednesday, the Farmers and Mechanics of Middlesex county had a fine holiday at old Con- cord. The day was f fine, and the assemblage of liberal and intelligent husbandmen was unusually large. The tables were filled to overflowing with men as well as provisions, and the hilarity of the guests was not marred by any untoward event. The first business was plowing, anri we .counted, on the field 2U teams all contending for the prizes and for the first honors of the Society. All were ox teams, single or double, and all the work was done well — much better than farmers commonly plow tho same kind of land on their own farm.". No one can look upon such furrows and then rest satisfied with the bungling performances of men who have no ambition to excel. Between 10 and 11 o'clock, a procession was formed, and the new Unitarian meeting-house was filled to the brim to hear the Address of the Hon. John P. Bigelow, the former Secretary of State. Mr Bigolow's observations on fanning were gene- p^- ^b,^|,„n, Washburn, a „ ral, as he does not profess to be a practical farmer, i ^^.' ^^^ ^f „„g \—Bost. Trans hiisetts, we found as great 7(ie)i there, and he was happy to make iis acquainted with the Hon. Levi Woodbury. This called up the Hon. ex-Secretary, who com- plimented Massachusetts and the county of Middle- sex in a handsome manner. The Hon. J. P. Bige- low, orator of the day, was next called out. As soon as his name was announced, there was much applause throughout the hall. Mr B. said that with such a flattering reception, he felt inclined to reverse the order of his remarks, and instead of closing his sentences as formerly, in his official character, he must commence with "God save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts." This hit "get the tables in a roar," and all united in sustaining the old formulary of the officials. A very good dinner was provided by Col. Wil- son, the new landlord of the Middlesex Hotel. The Piesident of the Society, Wm. Parker, Esq., of Sudbury, presided at the table and gave very general satisfaction. — Mass. Ploughman. PLYMOUTH CO. CATTLE SHOW. There was a great gathering at Bridgewater on Wednesday. Col. Hatch's correspondent informs him that the manufactured and fancy articles, ex- hibited in the hall of the new Town House, were very numerous— particularly the latter, which showed that the ladies of the county possess exqui- site taste, as well as commendable industry. There were also greater varieties of fruit than at any previous exhibition. The plowing match was very fine — 17 teams contending for the palm. The Address by the Hon. John Reed, of Yar- mouth gave great satisfaction. A splendid ball was given in the evening, which was opened by gay veteran of about but in matters of history, ho was at home ; and he lis NEW ENGLAND FARMER, AND HORTICULTUFAI, RFGISTER. Boston, Wednesday, Oct. 11, 1843. THIRD CATTLE SHOW AND FAIR OF WEST- BORO' AND VICINITY. The Ihird Cattle Show and Fair of the Agricultural Society of VVeslboro' and vicinity, toril< place at West- boro' on Wednesday, the 4tli inst. 'I'he d.iy was rather cool, but very favorable for the various eiliibilions and performances. There was a Inrgo assenilil-ige of the resident population and nllier.s from the vicinity present, to participate in the festiviti.'S nnd rational enjoyments of the day The plnwinj; m.Uch, show of oxen, address, dinner, and all tlie difterent perf >rinances and exhibi- tions, succeeded each ether in a prntnpl, business-like way, that added much to the interest of the day. At an ea;ly hour, the town hall was the centre of attraction, it bavin;; been tastefully decorated by the young ladie." of the place, in a style appropriate for the occasion, though they were themselves the most attractive and interest- ing decorations in the room. The gallery was hung with counterpanes and rugs, and the tables covered with a profusion of fancy and other articles, which, with the plants and flower.s, pictures, nnd various miscellaneou.s curiosities, natural and artiGcial, with which the hall was embellished, drew a crowd of spectators, all eager to make the most of this very agreeable and unexcep- tionable holiday. Over each window was inscribed the name of the adjoining town in that direclidii. As we entered the hall, on the left hand were arranged the products of the g;irden and the field— such as very fine I loking squashes, of oil sods and sizes— one of'them raised by an elderly maiden lady, weighed G8 lbs. ; fine water melons, the largest weighing 18 3-4 lbs.; various samples of good-looking beets, carrots, onions, &c. ; samples of seed corn, very long ears. Baskets of l.irge apples, some of the specimens first best ;— among them we recognized the Harvey, Ilellflower, Baldwin.^Creen- ing, Porter, and some of the most beautiful Lyscoms we have ever seen. The Quinces exhibited were Intffe and fine, which, with a few Isabella Grapes and large I'ears, constituted the principal part of the horticultural productions in the fruit department, with the exception ofa rich display of fruits, from Mr J. L. L. F. Warren of Brighton, who, unfortunately, was accidentally de-' tained so as not to be present with them until late in the afternoon. He also contributed a magnificent bou- quet of Dahlias. We noticed among his fruits, beautiful specimens of Royal George and Lemon Clingstone Poaches; fine Pears and Apples; fine bunches of Isa- bella and Black Hamburg Grapes; varieties of Toma- toes. The specimens were all very beautiful, and much admired by those who saw them. There was a basket of Rohan potatoes, from J. D. Miller, weighing 73 pounds, the product of 3 1.2 |bs of seed. Twentyeight pounds of potatoes from one pola- to, which was planted without cutting, by a lad C. A Denny, and never hoed, nor the least attention paid tJ It until the day of digging. There were also samples of the Veto and other potatoes. There were to be seen articles of domestic mnnulac- ture, which all good housewives delight to abound and excel in, such as woollen yarn, socks, frocking, &c There were also specimens of the mechanic arl="' such as bureaus, barrels, stoves of various and improved pat- tern?, boots, shoes and other articles too numerous to mention. At 9 o'clock, the signal was given by the ringing of the bell, to repair to the fif Id prepared for the trial of skill in plowing, where the teams were arranged ready for the struggle for superiority. We were a little dis- appointed in the number, there not being so many on ihegrourd as were entered. There were, however, fourdouble and six single teams that cr.mpcted f;ir the prizes. The contest was well sustained by each pnrty, and the judges were somewhat puzzled, according to their own account, on whom to award the premiums. This part of the performances was varied by a novelty. The Pulverizer, invented by Mr Isaac Cla'pp, of Dor- chester, already described by Mr Putnam, and operated Willi. This implement follows after plowing, and leaves the surface in a fine pulverized state, without disturbing the sod, and prepares the ground for sowing grass, car" rots, or any other seed. Wo were much pleased with its operation, and hope its value will he duly apprecia- ted by the agricultural community. The next in order was to repair to the town hall again, which we found filled to overflowing wiib ladies^nd gentlemen, in social chitchat, and the scene enlivened by the performance of a full band in the gallery. The show of working cattle next pissed in review before the hall, having been formed into one large team, number- ing CO yoke. As they passed, their appearance drew forth many expressions of admiration from the strangers present and others. These, we suppose, constituted some of the best in the town, but a small part of what are owned in the place. At 11 o'clock, a procession was formed under the di- rection of marshals on horseback, and, pieccded by the band, marched to the meeting-house, where an excellent address was delivered by the Rev. Mr Kittredge, which was listened to with deep attention by a large audience. We shall be enabled to present this address to our read- ers, and will not, therefore, touch upon it now. The show of stock was very good. Westboro' and vicinity have always been noted for good dairies, and we expected, as a matter of course, to see fine cows and heifers, and in this we were not disappointed. The show cf these, as well as other animals, would compare favorably with those of many of our County exhibitions Fifty pens were filled with cattle of various kinds, a few of sheep, and a number of wagons of swine, besides the working oxen, already noticed. Of heifers and heifer calves, there were about thirty, most of them very band- some and promising. Of cows iheie was quite a num- ber of noble looking creatures, but the time was so lim- ited to view them in, we cannot be particular. There was also an assortment of steers and fat oxen, but not so numerous as the heifers nnd cows. Nine fine bulls were exhibited, of different ages, none of them inferior. We noticed a beautiful animal from Lovett Peters, Esq President of the Society, handsome nnd well proper- ti«ncd. There was also another which attracted much attention, very perfect in shape, " Wye Comet," pre- sented to the Society by the Hon. John Welles. This was a noble gift, and could not have been sent to any Society whore its worth will be so much appreciated as in this. The procession was now formed, and proceeded to dinner, which was provided on a liberal scale, in real family style by the committee, in the basement of the town ball, and open space in the rear of it. We were happy to find that the ladies were not excluded from the festive board, but enlivened the entertainment with their presence. Having despatched the dinner, and listened to theap- propriate toasts and remarks of a number of gentlemen, it was announced that the time had arrived for the trial of the strength of oxen, which was attended to with the usual interest, there being a largo number of compeli- OCT. II, 1S<3. ~ ^^ tors ; showing to advantage the docility and training of these useful animals. The reports of the various committees were read in the meeting house, at half past-three. Some of them were highly interesting, especially that on Milch Cows. Wo shall be permitted to publish .some of them entire. The reading of these reports closed the exercises of the day— a day which we believe was very happily and profitably spent by all. Wo do believe that it would have a very desirable ef- feet to establish a society of this description in every town in the State, or where the towns are small, a num- her might be associated. What can be more appropri- ate than for the whole population of a place to meet once a year, to testily their devotedness to the great cause oJ agriculture, by exhibiting their choice produc- tions, stimulating each other to improvement-and at the same time to express their gratitude to the Most High for the prosperity which has attended their efl-orts. We believe these local societies will be no detriment to the county societies, but will, otherwise, be the means of giving them more stability. A society of this kind has a tendency to break down party and sectarian feel- ings, and draw a town's people together, too often, alas, sunde.-ed by the bane of political strife and other feuds. TRIAL OF PLOWS. There was a trial of plows by a committee appointed by the Essex Agricultural Society, on the farm of Gen. William Sutton, in Dauvers, on Friday last. A large numberofplows, of diff-erent manufacturers, were en- tered. We witnessed the operation of a number of va- rious patterns. We shall look with some interest for the decision of the committee, who attended to their duty in a critical and scientific manner.' OMISSION. We are reminded that we omitted in our horticultural report of a fortnight since, to notice a twig on which were nine peaches, touching each other, weighing 1 1-2 lb., and measuring nine inches in circumfer^enco", from Jonas Siniih, of Lincoln. It has fallen to our lot, oc- casionally, to make these reports, and it has been' our desire to notice everything on the table. It is not very strange, however, that an omission should take place sometimes, as the tables are full, and the room so crowd- ed as to make it difficult to get at the table to examine critically the contents especially when the fruits are brought in late, as is often the case. J. g. OBITUARY. " In the midst of life we are in death"— We regret to announce the death of Wji. Lincoln, Esq., of Worces- ter. Mr L. was a gentleman of brilliant talents, and a zealous friend of the farming interest. He was to de- liver the address at the Show of the Hampshire, Hamp- den and Franklin Agricultural Society, in Northampton on the 19th inst. As chairman oC one of the committees' of the Worcester Agricul. Society, it will he difficult to find one who can fill his place. (D=The Worcester Cattle Show takes place thisdav— erroneously stated in our last to be held on the 4th It was the IVeslboro' Show that we intended to sav took place on that day. •' inrThe Show of the Rhode Island Agricul. Socielv at Fawtuxet, w-e learn, was very good. The stock is represented to have been excellent. Reports in our next. or?P° H°' ','" ?' »'^<:?".^'^<=ted and other transactions of the Horticultural fcocety on Saturday last, see another page. 01.. XXII, Txo. ir,. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 119 THEll.MO.M ETHICAL. Kepnrle'Mor ihe Nrw Enyliind Farmer, tinge ,t the I'liei nioineleriu Ilie (i.irdeiiof ilie proprietors li-: .Vevv Englaiiil Farmer, Iiri(,'liion, Mans, in ,-\ shaded rt.ie,-|j c!XijntiiMe. roilhewcek ejuliiig Oct. 9. • irruN MAUKKT.— .MoM.AT, Oct. 9, IMS. Keported fur (he N. K. Fanner. \t M.irllii|iping and 4uieal.3 lo 4 l-2c.— A'ew 5 to 6. EGGS. 12 a 15. tcinr:. — Selected lot of slioats to peddle, 4 1-2 and 5 Ohio Hogs 3 1-2, 3 3-4, 4 and 4 1-2. At lelail i5 to6 1-2. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected uith great care, weekly. CED3. Herds Grass, $0 00 to 2 62 per bushel. Red Top ) 50 cents, (,'lover — Northern, ou to 12c.— Southern, 0 c. I'lax Seed, Sp 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. dry Seed, S2 25 per bushpl. ;IAIN. There has not been a great deal of activity dis- ed ill the market the past week. irn — \onliern. old, bushel 50 to 00— Southern, round 'W, oil, 51 a 55 — Southern flat yellow, new, 51 a 52— do. white sn n 00— do New Orleans, 4S a .'■lO — C^irley 00 —Rye, Northern, 62 a 65— do. Southern, 60 a 62 — l. Southern. 26 a 23— IVorthern do. 29 to 30— Hcaiis, per lei 1 OJ a 1 62.- Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 35 — Bran 1 20. ..OUR The arrivals of Genesee early in the week were : 8000 brls. which were taken at 4 6S 3 4 a §4 75 per brl. iiltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S4 75 a 4 S7 — do. f, $0 no a 0 00— do. free of garlic, $4 62 a 0 00— Phila- lia do 4 mos. *4 50 a 4 62 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 84 62 a 4 75— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 GO a 0 00. orcel.iwn, S5 00 a 5 25— Riclimond Canal, So 00 a 0 on City,SiiiiOa 0 00— Petersburgh, South side So 00 a 0 00 Country 80 00 aO 00— Genesee, common, cash, S4 75 a do lancy brands S4 S7 a 5 Oil — Ohio via Canal, a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 50 a 4 62. Rye,' a 3 25 — Indian Meal in bbls. S2 75 a 0 00. lOVISIONS. Steady salesjhave been making to the at the quoted rates. f— McBS 4 110. new bhi. $s 00 a 3 25— Navy— S7 00 a -No. 1, 6 75 a 0 00— do Prime SJ 00 a 0 Ou— Pork— 1 clear 4 ino. bbl. S13 50 a lion- do Clear Si 2 50 a 13 00 rtess, 11 00 a 11 50— do Prune Slo 00 a 10 50— do Mess other States, — a do Prime do do So 00 a 0 00 argo do. 0 a 0 UO Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00— r, shipping, 0 a Oil— do store, uninspected, 7 a 9— do 1*1 els. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins, 00 a 00 —do and Western, 5J a 6j — Hams, Boston, 6 a ej — ern and Wesieru, 5^ a ej- Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 1-2— do new milk, 5 a 6. )0(,. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- ion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent ai All whereof the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per val. and 3 cts per pound. cs of fleece have been made to the extent of 70 to I lbs., principally of Ihe finer descriptions, at prices that sustain our quotations. Pulled is in good request, and are firm. The supply of this kind of wool is limited, iporiant sales of coarse foreign have come lo our know- There is a steady demand for most descriptions of ind o( wool. The consumption of both domestic and n is much greater than it was a year ago. B.1L.D\VI.\ AMD OTHJlR APPLES. 800 Baldwin Ap|i|i's of vigorous growth, and 5 ^gjy lo 7 (eel in heiglu. ai 31 cents each — cas4i. They were ingrafled with scions from the late Robert Manning, and cut from bearing trees. Also, a few thousand Unuvers \\'iii!er Sweet, Roxbury Russei, Purler, Blue Pearnnin, Hiibl anlslon Nonsuch, Pen- nock's red winler, and other lavorile A])ples; and a great slock of oilier Fruit Trees at reduced rales. Longwonh's Ohio Grape Si, and ihe Warren Grape, re- cently LXhibiied. Ihe most luscious native grape known, with clusters 9 inches long, S2 each. All other articles at moderate rates. Splendid China Roses, mcily new, 100 plant* of 50 varie- ties inr S2. Superb Tree Ko-es, 12 varieties for S9. Carnalions 25 splendid varieties (or S6, and 50 do. furSl2. The new descriptive Catalogue will be sent to every posi paid applicant. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. Lin. Bot, Garden and Nurseries, } Flushing, Oct. 6th, 1343. j WIJVSHIPS' NIKSERY, Kriguton near Bostoi», Situated on the line of the Dostim and Worcester Rail Hood, 5 miles from ike city. The season for trnnsplanling is at hand, and all those who wish lo supply ihemselves with choice Fruit and ornamental Trees, can be lur- nished at short notice, wiih the finest varieties by the proprielors of this celebrated nursery. Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, itc. &c. Catalogues may he obtained by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safely in Ions voyages. Orders left at the New Enaland Seed'Slorc of J, breck 4" Co. Nos. 5 1 05 lbs. Two beautiful cows from Job Raiuger, of New Braintree, 7-8 native breed and 1-8 Spanish, finely brindled. Mr John Barnard, of Worcester, exhibited three beau- tiful heifers, one half Durham ; color fine deep red. This gentleman slated that he had made 1400 lbs. of butter this season, from 11 cows. The show of fit cattle was not so g"od as we have seen at Icirmer Shows of this Society. From L. & E. L. Barn:ird, of Worcester, we noticed an ox 5 years old, whose weight was 2368 lbs., and another that weighed 2063 lbs. From Seth Wyman, Shrewsbury, a pair of oxen whose weigh! was 4470 lbs. Tliei'e was a yoke of fat steers from Harvey Prouty, of Spencer, whose weight was 3680 lbs. ; one-half Durham. The working oxen appeared to great advantage. Mr Wheelock, of Grafton, had a very handsome team, con- sisting of 2 yoke of steers — 2 yoke two year old, and 1 yoke one year old last spring. The working cattle of Worcester county are generally of a deep red color, under fine discipline, krpt clean and in fine order. Some of their owners have a peculiar fashion of dandyfying their oxen, which, although it may be fashionable there, we do not think adds much to their beauty. It consists in shaving close the hair of the tail, excepting that which grows on the tip ; they also polish their horns, and ornament them with brass balls. There was a fine display of swine from the State Lu- natic Hospital, as usual, from various individuals. There were no sheep exhibited. This section of the country is not well ad.ipted to raising sheep. It was stated by the President that no premii;m had been offer- ed on that account. The products of domestic manufacture, in the base- ment of the town hall, we presume, were good ; but there was such a throng of people, we could hardly get a glimpse of any thing but the butter and cheese, of which there were abundant samples, fine and rich to look at. A procession was formed at 11 o'clock, at the cattle pens, which proceeded to the town hall. After the as- sembly was sealed, the annual report was read by ex- Gov. Lincoln, President of the Society, from which it appeared that the Society is in a fioiirisliing condition, numbering about 1000 members, and has a permanent and well invested fund of about $7000, beside a large number of cattle pens, with a house to keep them in, and other pioperty The address ijy the Hon. Charles Hudson, of West- minster, was very able and interesting, and listened to with close attention by all who were interested in the cause of agriculture or concerned in the prosperity of New England. We are sorry, however, to record that the assembly was very much interrupted by a constant passing out of the hall, during the first part of the ad- dress, by young people and others, who should have known better manners than thus to interrupt the speak- >:r and disturb the hearers. It was quite unexpected in a section of the country so orderly and refined as Wor- cester county, and deserves a public rebuke. The hall was very full, and all the seats needed for the comforta- ble accommodation uf those who wished to hear the ad- dress. The disturbance was so annoying, tiiat I lie P sidcnt of the Society had to rise and request all w wished to retire, to do so then: whereupon, some or 30 had brass enough to leave their seals and pass 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. i.uary Seed, S2 25 per bush«l. GRAIN. There have been no arrivals for several days d ^tored lots are selling a little higher ; one parcel very perior yellow flat sold at 66c, and do do good, 54c ; last le of while, 51c. Qorn— Northern, old, bushel 00 to 00— Southern, round How, old, no a OO — Southern flat yellow, new, 54 n 00 — . do' white 51a 00— do New Orleans, 4^^ a : 0—B>trley a 00 —Rye, Northern, 63 a 65— do. Southern, 60 a 62 — Its, Southern, 26 a 23— Northern do. 29 to 30— Beans, per shel 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 35 —Bran, I a 20. FLOUR. The arrivals for several days past have been lite limited. Dealers pay reluctantly S4 75 for Genesee, he stock is comparatively light, but the first southerly ind will bring in a large supply, and probably lead to some •duction of present rales. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $4 76 a 0 00 —do. harf, 80 00 a 0 00— do. free of garlic, 44 02 a 0 00— Phila- jlphi'a do. 4 mos. 84 50 a 4 62 -Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 ios. 34 62 a 0 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a IJ 00. -Gerrgetown, 44 75 a 5 00— Richmond Canal, SO 00 a 0 no -do. Cny,»ii0OailO0— Petersburgh,South side So on ao 00 -do. CountrviO noao 00— Genesee, common, cash, S4 63 a 75- do faiicy brands S4 37 a 5 12— Ohio via Canal, a 00 a n OO— do do New Orleans, cash S4 5o a 4 62. Rye, J 00 a 3 25- Indian Meal in bbls. «2 87 a 3 00. PROVISIONS. The market for Pork is more languid, nd prices recede a little ; new Beef is now coming into larket quile freely, and sales have been made below the isl quoted rates. Beef— Mess 4 mo. new bbl. S7 50 a 8 00— Navy— S7 PO a 50._Kn. 1, 6 50 a 0 00— do Prime SO 00 a 0 00— Pork— Ixtra clear 4 mo. bbl. «13 00 a 1350— do Clear Sl2 50a 13 00 o. Mess, 10 75 a 1 1 00— do Prime SIO 00 a 10 60— do Mess rom olber Stales,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 lo. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00 — Jutter, shipping, 0 a on— do store, uninspected, 7 a 9— do .airy, 10 cts. a 14— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 00 —do ioulh and Western, 6 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6^ — Southern and Western, &\ a 6^— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, t a 4 1-2 — do new milk, 5 a 6. WOOL. Duly. The value whereof at the place of ex- ^irlalion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 6 per cent, ad CAMBRIDGEPORT NURSKRY, COLUMBIA STREET. SAMOTL POND, J^/urseryman, Camhridgeport, Massachusetts, Has for sale a choice assortment of Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Roots, and Vines. Among them are the best varieties of Apple, Pear. Plum, Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Grape vines. Asparagus, Rhubarb, Currants, Gooseberries, Raspberries, Pear S;ocks, Apple do. Plum do. Cherry do., &c. &c. &c. Trees of an extra size always on hand, and will be de'iv- ered lo any part of the city free of expense. Orders left with Messrs JOS. BRECK & CO , at the New England Agricul- tural Warehouse; No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, will be promptly attended to, and Trees carefully packed to go with safety til any part of ihe country. SARDEN SEEDSI GARDEN SEEDS ! I The subscribers are now receiving their fall supply of Garden, Grass and Field Seeds of every description, and would respectfully recommend to their customers and the public to send in their orders as early as possible, to 5«cure a supply from their choicest lots. Their stock of Seeds for this season will he Tery full and complete, and most ol the varieties being raised under their own inspection, they can confidently recommend them as being pure and of the first qualities. Among them are Long Blood Beet, Ruta Baga, Early Turnip do. Long Orange Carrot, French Sugar do. Early Horn do. Mangel VVurtzel do. White Field do. Also, Cucumber and Cabbage Seeds, of every varietv ; Peas and Beans, of every kind ; which together with a large supply of every kind of Seed desirable for the field or gar- den, comprise the most complete and extensive assortment of Seeds to be found in any similar establishment in the country. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. N E. Agriicultural Warehouse and Seed Store 61 ) ■--" - ■ "a. 5 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. Opt. 15, 1843. CROWN IMPERIAI-S, TULIPS, &.C. The subscribers have on hand and for sale a supply of Crown Imperials, Tulips, While Lillics, Paeonies, Narcis- sus, Hyacinths, bert Manning, and cut Irom bearing trees. Also, a _ few tbouiand Danvers Wiir.er Sweel, Roxbury Russfi, I'luier. Blue Pearmain, HuMiHrdslon Nonsuch, Pen- nock's reit winter, and oilier favorite Apples; and a great slock of other Fruit Trees at reduced rales. Longworlh's Ohio Grape Sl, and the Warren Grape, re- cently exhibited, ihe most lusciou.s native grape known, with clusters 9 inches long, 82 each. All other arlicles at nioderale rates. Splendid China Roses, mostly new, 100 plants of 50 varie- ties for Si5 Superb Tree Roses, 12 varieties lor S9. Carnations 25 splendid varieties for SO, and 50 do. for 812. The new descriptive Catalogue will be sent to every ^osi paid applicant. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO Lin Bot. Garden and Nurseries, } Flushing, Oct. 6th, 1843. > WINSIIIPS' NURSERY, Brighton ne.\r Boston, Situated on the line of the Boston and Worcester Hail Road, 5 miles frojn^ the city. The season for transplanting is at band, and all those who wish to supply Ihemselves with choice Fruit and ornamental Ifrees, can be fur- nished at short nolice, with the finest varieties hy the proprietors of this celebrated nursery. Fruit Trees, including all Vjie varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &:c. &c. Calalogues may be obtained by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safety in long voyages. Orders left at the New Eifgland Seed More ol J. Breck & Co. Nos. 61 4- 52 North Market street, will be delivered the day following. Letters containing orders, addressed to ihe subscribers, J. & F. WINSHIP. October 11, 1843. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers ire prepared to furni'sh every description of Frcit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Pbnts. The autumn is a suitable lime to transplant many Trees aiid ^^ Plants, and often times more convenient than in spring. We have as great a -variety of Applet, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, (iuinces. Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. SCIONS PROM BEARING TREES The subscriber at his grounds adjoining the Pomological Garden on Dearborn Street, North Salem, offers for sale scions from bearing fruit trees. Among them are the loUow- ing P K A K 9. Barllett— Columbian Virgalieu— Beurre Remain- Urban- iste— Washington — Beurre Diel— Beurre Bosc— Josephine- Easter Beurre— Bloodgood— Summer Franc Real— Clion— Lewis— Winter Nelis, &c. PEACHES. Malta— Early Royal George— Early York— Noblesse- Red Cheek Melacaton— Murray's Early Ann- Blush Pine Apple— Washington Freestone— Cooledge's Favorite, &c. APPLES. Minister — Hubbardston Nonsuch — Danver's Winter Sweet, tic. p L u M 3 . Coe's Golden Drop— Violet Perdrigon — Roe's Tellow Gage— Green Gage— Violet do.— Washington— Imperial— Cruger's Scarlet— Frost Gage— Pond's Seedling. &c. Sept. 6. JOHN M. IVES. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market sl. POUDRETTE ! PoUDRETTS t ! The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sal«, Poudretle in qnanlilies to suit purchasers; packed in Bar- rels in order lor shipping, or transportation by wagon or Ra« Road. The experience of five years past has satisfied many farmers, that this manure has the quickest operation upo» vegetable matter, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tneil. Orders lelt at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Bronklinc, will meet with prompt atleniinn. For sale by J. BRECK & CO, 51 and 52 Norlh Market Street, Boston. Oct. 26. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Trealita on Insects. Price S2. Also, the second edition of Dana'a I Muck Manual, price 62i cts. Feb 1». 128 NEW ENGLAND FARMER OCT. IS, 1R4?. MISCELLANEOUS From the Tennessee Agriculturist. TO FARMERS' DAUGHTERa It lias been some time since I have said any thing lu the girls, but it is not because I hove for- gotten llieni or feel less interest in them than for- merly. I believe the principal reason for my neg- lect is, that I am engaged in many other matters, and oftRnlimes lose the spirit of scribbling. It is like every other spirit, you know ; it stays with you in proportion as you cultivate and encourage it. I happen today to be in the spirit of talking to you about one of the prevailing fashions — one I cannot like or admire, although it has been long the rage. To mention it at once, it is that of ex- posing the neck a little too much. You will per- haps think strangely of my writing to you on this subject, but I do not think it in any way improper, as the fault is visible to all, and many observations are made upon it by those of the other sex who like to find fault with womankind. There are some who may look pretty in this style of dress, (that is, if any thing immodest can be called pretty,) but where one looks pretty, twen- ty appear to a disadvantage. Now it is a pity we cannot judge. The influence of fashion often de- stroys judgment, and a woman of mammoth size will appear with her enormous neck and shoulders covered only with a small ruffle or lace edging, in order to be like some of her little neighbors. Again you will see the skinny, crane-like form decked out in the same manner, just to be in the fashion, not considering that that which will do for one, is very unsuitable for another. I have often made the wish (for myself ns well as others,) that Burns did, when he saw an insect that shall be nameless, creepinj about the bonnet of a gaily dressed lady, — would tve could see ourselves as others see us. If we could divest ourselves of all self-love — of the notion that we lonk well if we are only fashionably attired, and try to find out what is suitable and be- coming, how many necks not fit to bo seen, would be veiled, and how niany ill-shaped shoulders would disappear under neat capos or shawls ! The girls would then be seen in modest apparel, as the Scriptures advise. A woman may show by her style of dress, as plainly as by her conduct, that she is possessed of real modesty. Let me tell you that a girl gains more friends among true gentle. men, by evincing herself possessed of a refined and modest character, than by all the lightness and frivolity she can assume to prove herself bold and forward. She may not be surrounded by as many fops and flirts, but she is appreciated by those of sense and dignity. If girls knew of one thousandth part of the ill-natured remarks made upon them by the other sex, at the least departure from that pru- dence and modesty which should characterize the lady, they would be quite as careful to avoid every appearance of evil, as many are now forgetful of it. I was in company sometime since with some friends and acquaintances, and among the number was a gentleman who was seeking ''a partner for life." He was noble-minded and talented, and wished rather for solid worth than fashinnabln ac- complishments. It happened that such a lady as was thought would please him, called in, and appeared to much advantage, with the e.xception that she had fallen into the fashionable style of dressing, or rather of undressing, her neck. After she left, he was asked by a friend how he liked her? — how she would suit him? He was silent for a moment, and the color mounted to his brow, as he answered, " he would never marry a woman who had not modesty enough to command his re- spect." I did wish some of my young friends could have seen just at that moment the expres- sion of his fine countenance. It girls would appear only in such dress as is consistent with real modesty, they would command respect, where, otherwise, they excite feelings of contempt among the sensible and pure-minded of the other sex. Many gentlemen like to trifle with girls of light and thoughtless dispositions; they can pass off an hour pleasantly in that way; but yon find persons of reflection, who wish for prudent companions, seeking those of modest attire as well as of modest conduct. For fear I may get a scolding from some of you, I will not write another word, except Lucy. ioung Men, help yourselves "Providence," we are told, " helps them who help themselves." A true proverb, and worthy to be stamped on eve- ry heart. Passing on through life you will find many a stream that will cross your path — luit dcm't sit down and mourn. If you can 't wade across, throw in stones to stand upon, or bring forth a dead tree from the forest, and you will soon make a bridge and be safe on the opposite side. Today you are opposed in your project. Don't stop — do n't go back — meet the opposer — persevere, and you can hardly fail of conquering. If you fail in business, come nut from under the toad-stool of de- spondency, and /n/ a^nin. Zounds! ifyoudonot help yourselves and persevere, you will do nothing. If you would be any thing, you must first resolve to " triumph over your accidents." '' Faint heart never won a fair lady," nor made any other desira- ble conquest in wordly matters. And observation will convince you that, though Fortune is said to dispense her favors indiscriminately, they are gen- erally the most successjul who are the most worthy. The Sleeper awahened. — The following anecdote of the Rev. Mr Milton, an aged and eccentric min- ister, who recently died in Newburyport, may cause an innocent smile : " Mr Milton was remarkable for his atlentipn to the conduct of his hearers during service, and his familiar manner of addressing delinquents. He was once preaching on a warm afternoon, when he saw one of his parishioners, who sat near the pul- pit, asleep. The first name of the drowsy gentle- man was Mark. Perceiving his inattention to the discourse, the preacher suddenly stopped in the midst of a sentence, and elevating his voice to its highest pitch, exclaimed " Mark .'" As if stricken by a thunder-bolt, up jumps the awakened delin- quent, his mouth opened, wondering who called him, and for what ; while the preacher, dropping his voice, went calmly on, and finished his quota- tion from scripture, as if it formed a part of his discourse : "Mark," I say, " the perfect man, and behold the upright; for tho end of that man is peace 1" Men pursue riches under the idea that their pos- session will set them at ease, and above the world. But the law of association often makes those who begin by loving gold as a servant, finish by becom- ing themselves its slave; and independence with- out wealth, is at least as common as wealth without independence. — Lacon. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvemenis have lieen made the past year in 1 form and workmanship ol these Ploughs; the mould h.-i has heen so iormed as to lay I'le furrow rompU-tely or turning in er^ry panicle of grass orslul-hlc. an,Uermni..xxii.:i BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 95, 1843. two. ir. — ■■' N. E. FARMER, For the N. E. Karmer. ITTLE SHOWS— INCREASED INTEREST IN— INFLUENCE OF, &,c. Mr Breck — In reading the accounts of llie va- us Cnttle Shows and Agricultural Fiiirs which ve taken place this fall in our section of country, e cannot but be gratified at the increased inte- st which seems to have been manife.sted in them, nerally, by the farming community — indicating, ly we not believe, an increased ambition to e.rcel good husbandry. These animal Shows, with the premiums offered the Societies under whose auspices they are Id, must bo r»5"i riled as among the most pfSoient nans of promoting agricultural improvement ; and such, it is pleasing to see a more active and neral interest in them exhibited by our farmers. augurs well fur the cause of improved husband- , and is an encouragement for our agricultural cieties to persevere in the good work to which ey are devoted. No one effect of these annual Shows, perhaps, of more beneficial tendency, than the influence ey e.\ert on the younf; — to whom we must look r whatever of great improvement (in its general laracler.) our agriculture is to undergo in time to ime. Of more aspiring ambition, with minds less arped by prejudice, and more susceptible of con- ction than the old, the young agriculturists see id hear much at these Shows that they will retain, id which will, most probably, influence their ae- ons when they shall become men and managers r farms. No farmer should keep his sons from tending these Shows, if they can conveniently be resent. " ({ui lion profir.il, deficit" — (" He who does not Ivance, goes back") — is a Latin proverb of more uth than falsity — especially with reference to any :t or science in which there is a perceptible pro- fess— and such is certainly true of American Tticulture. In this, little less than in other mat- irs, the spirit of the age is, >^ go ahead." The imily of Stand- stills, with us, are well nigh "run aV Though I am not so sanguine in regard to nprovements in agriculture here, as to expect the ;ry speedy arr'wa] of the time which Lord Kames lought might come, when "a farmer shall be able ) carry in his pocket sufficient manure Jor an acre," et I do think sober reason justifies the prediction lat the day is not very far distant, when 80 and 00 bushels of corn per acre shall bo as common ields ai 'M and 10 bushels now are, — and this •ill be effected, not by any old processes certainly, ut by a wide departure from them, aided by luud- rn discoveries. I said above, that the family of Slandslills had, ■ith us in Yankee land, well nigh " run out." It J to be regretted, however, that the larger portion f their kith and kin who remain, are to bo found mong our farmers. Their predilection and reve- ence for old customs is proverbial. This pcculi- irity, (if it may be so termed,) is not so much to be reproached as a Jatdt as it is to be deplored as a misfortune — since it has its origin in no unworthy motive, and operates to the detriment of its posses- sor, who, most likely, can plead this in e.vcuse of it — that he has it by inheritance. It is this prejuilice in favor of whatever is old merely because it is old, and distrust of whatever is new merely because it is new, that has heretofore been, and is now, I conceive, the most formidable obstacle in the way of improvement in our agricul- ture. Since the establishment and wide circula- tion of agricultural journals, and the multiplication of agricultural societies, this predilection for anti- quated usages and aversion for innovation, has been perceptibly weakened in its hold, and it will be a fortunate day for American agriculture that shall witness its extirpation from among our yeo- manry. Agricultural Societies and Fairs are doing much to effect this desideratum, — the agricultural jour- nals, more, — and as the most efficient agents in this good work, all these should receive the coun- tenance, encouragement and liberal support of all who appreciate the importance of the consumma- tion desired, and who possess a portion of that no- ble philanthropic spirit, which, in the beautiful lan- guage of Mr Webster, " teaches every man that he has an interest in every other man." And in this work of benevolence, let us, first of all, en- courage the press — the agricultural press. What human agent so potent as this in disseminating the light of truth and dispelling the darkness of error I Its influence can hardly be over-estimated — and its beneficial effects must he commensurate with the encouragement it receives. A more general and liberal patronage of the press by our agricultural societies, is much to be desired, and no measure would be productive of more good in promoting the worthy objects of their establishment. The dis- tribiting in premiums of volumes of such papers as the " New England Farmer" and Albany "Culti- vator," exclusively devoted to the farming interest, is one of the best dispositions which such societies can make of their funds. I think I have seen it stated in your paper, Mr Editor, that the spirited Agricultural Society of Rhode Island, subscribe, annually, for upwards of one hundred volumes of the Fanner, for the purpose of distribution as pre- miums. Tlie Plymouth Co. Society, in our own State, also adopt the same commendable course — and other Societies among us would do well to im- itate their judicious and praise-worthy example. There is another way in which the press may be encouraged beside the pecuniary support of associations : 1 mean by individuals — practical far- mers, particularly — communicaliiig through it the results !■>{' their experience for the benefit of others, and thus increasing its usefulness. He who, for the sake of being us exclusive possessor, hoards knowledge that might be of service to others, is the most despicable of all misers ; and he who is deterred from disseminating it by a reluctance to have his name in print, or from a distrust of his ability to couch his ideas in sufficiently good lan- guage, (quite common excuses,) can hardly be jus- tified for his neglect on these pleas — for the first objection he can easily obviate himself by with- holding his name, (which, however, is not to be re- commended) — and of the other, in respect to one's style of writing, I may safely venture to say, tliat if he will only write so that he can understand himself, others, most likely, will have no trouble in understanding him — and to make himself under- stood, is all that he need aim at. At any rate, the editor would see that the types did his pen no dis- credit. In this connexion, (and to conclude my rambling remarks,) let me urge you, respected reader, if you have gained any new knowledge, either from expe- riment or observation, in the culture of your farm during the past season, or in any other season, or have been more than usually successful with any of your crops, — let me urge yoii to send an account of the same, as I have this, (which, to use a rustic technicality, is rather " small potatoes,") tor publi- cation in the good old "New England Farmer," and seek your reward in the satisfaction which comes of having done a good deed, with the wor- thy intention of bancfilting others. HOWARD. Farmers' Boys There is a wholesome change going on in public sentiment, which promises to do much for the improvement of the country, and the condition of the people— we mean the change which is taking place among the young in relation to the great work of tilling the soil. A few years ago, and the young men in the country let't their fathers' farms as soon as they could get away from them, and the fathers themselves not unfrequently encouraged them in it. A hard hand and a sun- burnt face were deemed poor recommendations in life, and more ^^ genteel" modes of getting a living were sought by the young. But they are beginning to look at the matter in a different light. The dull times through which we have passed lately, have opened their eyes to the fact, that after all, there is nothing like a farmer to stand through all times, and they are quite content to stay at home. The result will be that our farms will be better culti- vated, and produce more — that large farms which are now not half cultivated, will be divided and well husbanded — and that we shall hove a large and virtuous population scattered all over our fer- tile hills. — Al'ashua Telegraph. More Apple Blossoms. — Had Parson Miller pre- dicted that 1843 would be the year of strange things, instead of " the end of aW things," he might have been set down as a true prophet ; but he is now assuredly most likely to prove a ''false proph- et." Among the many strange things of 1843, wo may mention that Mr A. R. Snow, of Roxbury, has a Roxbury Russet tree, richly laden with full sized apples, which is also nearly as well covered with blossoms as it was last spring. — Bost. Trans. The first woollen factory erected in the United States, was at Hartford, in 1790. 180 NEW ENGLAND FARMER OCT. 25, 1843. PLYMOUTH CO. AGRICULTURAL SOCIE- TV. Report on Plowing. Tiie comniiUoe on Plowing entered upon the duty assigned them, fully aware that tliere has been n-.ore complaint made against the committee on i palmer, plowing, in former years, than against any other committee. This has most probably arisen from the intense interest and pride of feeling which is generally fflt by the competitors and their friends especially disappointed ones. But the difBculty of deciding in so short a time as to whose land is plowed best, all things considered — where all are plowed so well — may, with the best intentions, in some instances, have led the committee into error. Your present committee do not expect In escape the same censure, and perhaps it may be more de- served ; but the best rule which they know to practice upon in such cases is, where we cannot satisfy all, to try and satisfy ourselves, without fear or favor. This your committee have earnestly en- deavored to do this day ; but the task has been a difficult one, owing to the large number of compe- titors and the skill and workmanship displayed by all. And if any are disappointed — as we know they must be, for all cannot receive premiums, al- though the committee wish they might — we would Bay to them, " hold u^)'your lieads, boys, and do n't crv, but hitch up a link and come on and show fight another year, when perhaps there may be a more competent committee, and you may be more successful ; at any rate, do n't give up without another scratch." Your committee would report that the quantity of land assi^'ned to each team was one-eighth of an acre, and the committee required that the land be plowed nut less than six inches deep and the furrows turned flat. The whole number of entries were 17 — and 10 teams of one yoke of oxen plow- ed. There was one yoke of 3 years old steers en- tered for plowing, which your committee consider- ed did not come under the head of oxen, and ac- cording to tlie offer for premiums, concluded they were not admissible ; they presume that the Trus- tees in establishing their premiums, did not wish to encourage our farmers to do oxen's work with steers, any more than they would wish boys to do men's work. The first premium of $10, they award to Horace Ames, of Bridgewater ; work performed in l()]-2 minutes. The plow used was manufactured by Ruggles, Nourse & Mason, of Worcester. Second premium of 88, they award to Charles Gurney, of N. Bridgewater ; work performed in 20 minutes. Plow manufactured by Ruggles, Nourse & Mason, of Worcester. Third premium of $0, they award to Stafford Slurtevant, of Halifax ; work performed in 18 min- utes. Plow manutactured by Ruggles, Nourse & Mason, of Worcester. Fourth premium of $4, Ihey award to Philander Wood, of Bridgewater ; work performed in 2.3 min- utes. Plow used manufactured by Prouty & Mears, of Boston. Fifth premium of §3, to Galen Conant, of Bridge- water ; work performed in 20 minutes. Plow made by Ruggles, Nourse & Mason, of Worcester. To Daniel Alden, of Middleboro', they award one vol. N. E. Farmer, and one vol. Mass. Plough- man. To Elisha G. Leach, of Bridgewater, they award one vol. Mass. Ploughman. To Newton Mitchell, of Bridgewater, they award one vol. N. E. Farmer. To Seth Alden, Middleboro', and Albert Pierce, Bridgewater, each one vol. Mass. Ploughman. To Wm. Thompson, of Bridgewater, and Jona- than Leonard, of Middleboro', each one vol. N. E. Of the whole number of plows used, 10 were manufactured by Prouty & Mears, and 0 by Rug- gles, Nourse & ftlasun. Your committee much re- gret, as on former occasions, that they have not more to give, as they thought that more were de- serving. DION BRYANT, CVmn. On Improvements. The committee on Improvements can almost say with one of Shakspeare's heroes, " Olhello's occupaiion 's gone." The doings of the Society at their last annual meeting, in creating the office of "Supervisor," and transferring to that office all the business that heretofore came before this committee, must em- phatically "Teach us There 's a Ditinity that shapes our ends." In this dilemma, your committee console them- selves that there are parallel cases of the abolish- ment of offices to get rid of incompetent inciimbenls ; and some of us have too long attended the minis- tration of ojie* most competent to teach the lessons of consolation, not to profit by his precepts and ex- amples in this instance. But whatever may be our personal feelings on this occasion, we are duly impressed with the conviction of the wisdom and propriety of the measure, and of the fortunate selec- tion of the executive officer, and we can say to competitors, what has been our loss will be your gain. Our attention having been called, in the incipi- ent stages of operation, by some competitors for perspective premiums for reclaiming swamp land, or fresh meadow, claimable in 1843, and having made the primary examination, in conformity with the suggestion of the Supervisor, your committee have attended to the remaining duties, and submit the following report: For these premiums, five claims were entered in season. One claimant gave timely notice that on account of the abundant rains about the time he calculated to complete his operations, he should not be able to establish his claim, and therefore withdrew. Another, after some progress, and the primary view, left his land and your committee with like ceremony, to experience the chilling neg- lect that is evinced to the eye of the traveller, as he passes some of the domains of this millionaire in acres. The committee have examined the improvements of the other claimants, and recommend the £wa:d of the following premiums: To Lewis Kenney, Esq , of Wareham, the first premium of $25. To Col. Abram Washburn, 2d, of Bridgewater, the second premium of ■SI.'). To Nahum Snell, Esq., of W. Bridgewater, the third premium of $10. By request of Mr Lewis Bartlett, of Wareham, we viewed two pieces of swamp land reclaimed by him since June 1st, 1842, in all about two acres. Mr Bartlett would have entered them in season. but for the misapprehension that no premiums would be awarded. We were much pleased with the faithful ani; workmanlike manner in which Mr Bartlett had con- verted his worthless swamp into good EnglisI mowing, and recommend that two volumes of th< Mass. Ploughman be awarded him. We also examined one and a half acre of swam( land, reclaimed by Mr Luther Richards, of Wes Bridgewater, for which we recommend a gratuitj of one volume of the Mass. Plcughman. Much credit is due the competitors for thest premiums, for their indefatigable labors and faith fnl exertions in subduing and bringing into gout English mowing, heretofore impregnable and nox ious swamps, unproductive of any thing valnabb for man or beast, and this too, in some instances at an expense that would startle some of the fas tidious sticklers for a rotation of corn and rye, ani rye and corn, on the same fields their ancetors hai cultivated in like manner since the landing of tin pilgrims. Our low swampy lands in this section of th country, are the farmer's gold mines, and if the cannot there find the material for coining the "i/eJ low jackets" they can, at least, raise the vegetabl substance that will command them ; and the yeai ly increased attention to the renovation of thes lands, must convince us that " the schoolmaster i abroad," '\s faithful in his vocation, and has som very promising pupils. It has been remarked, and we believe with muc truth, that as the country becomes cleared and lai open to the influence of the sun ; our meadow drained of their stagnant waters and rendered fci tile by cultivation, that fevers and epidemics be come more rare and less fatal. This consideratio alone, should incite us to vigorous effort to banis the fatal malaria that generates them, from ou borders. All of which is submitted for, and in behalf « the Committee, H. COLLAMORE, CKmn. 'Alluding to Rev. Morrill Allen, the Supervisor. On the Dairy. To Thomas Weston, of Middleboro', for the best butter, $ To George W. Holmes, of Bridgewater, for the next best do. To Mrs. E. C. Ripley, of Plympton, for the next best do. To Messrs. Isaac Washburn, Laban Fobes, and Pardon Copeland, each one volume of the | Mass. Ploughman. I To Ezra Phillips, for the best cheese. To Albert G. Pratt, of Bridgewater, for the next best do. To Mrs. Susan Pratt, of E. Bridgewater, for the next best do. To Messrs. Seth Leach, Nahum Snell, and Geo. W. Bates, each one vol. of the N. E. Far- mer. J. E. HOWARD, Ch'mn. On Stock. Your committee recommend the first premium i $\0, for the best milch cow, not less than 3 yeai old, to Charles Packard, of N. Bridgewater. Second premium of $6, for next best do., in less than 3 years old, to Mrs. Abigail Whitman, ' E. Bridgewater. Third premium of $6, for best heifer having hi a calf, to Josiah Whitman, of E. Bridgewater. irot.. XXII. N:>. it. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 131 Fourth premium of $4, for tlie next best do., to aniel Tribon. Fifth premium of $G, for best heifer not liavins: d a calf, Biid not more than 3 years old, to F.llis olmes, E, 15rid|;eivater. Sixth pruiniuin of $4, for the next best do., to snjaniin Crocker, of Bridgewater. Seventh pri'mi'im of $8, for the best bull of na- i^e or mixed breed, not ices than one year old, to bram Wasljhurn, '.id, of Bridjewater. Eighth preniiiini of $5, for the next best do., to ahum Snell, W. Bridgewater. Ninth premium of S4, for best bull calf, not less an five months old, to S. S. Lovell, of Bridgewa- r. Tenth premium of .$3, for tlie next best do., to benezer Wilder, of Middleborou<;h. Eleventh premium of $4, for best heifer calf, to icob Robinson, Bridgevvator. Twelfth premium of .S3, for next best do., to )nathan Leonard, Middleborough. Your comuiitlee further recommend that one vol. ich of the N. F. Fanner be awarded to Amender Iden, Biidgewater ; Statford Sturtcvant, Halifax ; aul Revere, Asa .Morse, and Mitchell Keith, of ridgewater. Also, one vol. Mass. Ploughman each to H. W. !ackett, of Middleborough ; Zenas Crocker, Geo. /. Holmes, of Bridgewater ; John Tilden, North 0. ; Richard Thayer, East do. A gratuity of one vol. of Ploughman to Mr Cros- y, of N. Bridgewater, for a bull calf not old Dough to be entitled to premium. GEO. VV. WOOD, CVmn. On Cattle, SfC. The wliolc number of beef oxen presented for Ploughman to Nahum Tribon, Middleborough ; Stafford Stiirlevnnt, Halifax; Philander Wood and George W. Bates, Bridgownler. HORACE AMES, CVmn. SEEDLING POTATORS FOR DISTRIBU- TION. Messrs. Joseph Bieck ^- Co. — Gentlemen — I take the liberty to cull your attention to a variety of po- tato which was raised from tlie seed in a ball grow- ing on the vines of some potatoes procured from your establi.-5hment, in J8.39, wliich were sent ine for the earliest variety. I send you, via railroad, one barrel for gratuitous distribution, that you can have them examined and see if they are a new va- riety. I supposed they were until within a few days since, when I was told that a similar if not the identical potato, is raised for your market. If such is the fact, you need take no pains to distri- bute them ; if not, I shall be glad to have their quality tested, and if they are esteemed as highly with you as they are by me, and you wish for some for seed, I can furnish say from thirty to fifty bar- rels, at $i 50 per tlour bbl., delivered in Provi- dence. Their yield with me lias been greater than any other potato I have planted, except the Rohan and " Long Johns," a red potato, similar to two red ones you will find in the barrel, and which last came from the seed of the same ball that produced the others. Their yield compared with the Chenango, which I have tried them with by way of comparison for two years, has been, 1841, Seedlings 17, Chenan- goes 11 : 1842, Seedling 20, Chenango 13. This year we have not tried them, except in a field of four acres, one-third Seedlings, the remainder Che- remium, were seven, which were of good quality. ! "3"?°^- a"'' ll'e difference will not be as great ; Ve recommend the followino- premiums : I ^"1 "hat the comparative yield will be, we cannot To Benj. Hobart, Abington, best fat ox, ,$10 I '^"> "^ ^ve have only dug the barrel I send, and John Caldwell, W. Bridgewater, 2d do. Isaac Alden, East do., 3d do. 5 The whole number of cows were four, which pere not so good as on former occasions. To Nathan Willis, for best fat cow, $6 Calvin Leavitt, 2d do. do. 3 The other two cows the committee were unable o ascertain the manner in which they were kept. They recommend one vol. each of the N. E. Far- ner to Capt. Abram Washburn, and John Cald- well ; and one vid. Alass. Ploughman each to Benj. iJobart and Nathan Whitman. NAHUM SNELL, Ch'mn. On fforking Oxen, Ifc. On cattle raised and trained in the county : Col. Abram Washburn, Bridgewater, 1st pre- mium, $10 Daniel Alden, of IMiddleborough, 2d do. 6 On oxen not raised and trained in the county : To the town of Bridgewater, 1st premium, 9 Charles Gurney, N. Bridgewater, 2d do. 5 On steers not less than two nor more than four years old : To Ephraim Tillson, Bridgewater, 1st prem. $G Ephraim C. Ripley, Halifax, 2d do. 3 For yearling steers accustomed to the yoke : To Philander Pratt, Bridgewater, Ist prem. $5 They award one vol. each of the N. E. Farmer to Paul Hathaway, Jona. Leonard, and Edward Cole, of Middleborough, and Horace Ames, of Bridgewater; also, one vol. each of the Mass. g what we have eaten. They are just perceptibly later than the Chenango, and of the superiority in quality, I need not speak, as you will judge for yourselves. Should they prove of a quality to re- commend them to your favorable notice, I will give you a detailed account (from my memorandum) of their production from the seed. Should you wish for some, please inform me immediately, as Ave shall take them out next week, and can forward them directly from the field. Respectfully, your ob't serv't, L. M. WHEELER. East Greenwich, R. L, Oct. 2d, 1843. QJ^The potatoes mentioned in Dr. Wheeler's letter, have been received, and are ready for dis- tribution according to his wishes, and for which he has our thanks. We like the appearance of the potato very well. They are of yellow color, and in shape oblong, and generally tapering, and the specimens sent are of large size. They have been examined by a number of gentlemen in the Quincy market, who deal in the article, who say that there is no variety like them that they are acquainted with. 1'hey resemble in shape the Cow-horn po- tato, which IS black. They have a very smooth skin. The two red potatoes, said to have been produced from the same ball with the others, re- semble the Long Red, and we should suppiise they were identically the same. We find the quality of the potatoes fine. Let him who regrets for time lost, make proper use of that which is to come. RECLAIMED PEAT OR BOG MEADOWS. We copy the fcdlowing extract from the report of the Committee on Farms of the Middlesex Ag- ricultmal Society : " Mr Ehenczer Richardson, of Poppercl), has re- claimed twelve acres of peat or bog swamp. He commenced on it eight years ago. It was then a wet, sunken swamp, very miry, and wholly unpro- ductive. He first drained it thoroughly, to do wliich ho cut about 200 rods of ditch. When drained, the land settled, and/ exposed a large (|uantity of stumps and logs. These he took off and used for fire-wood, and they have furnished him with fuel for the last seven years. He has taken off, on an average, more than 2.^ cords of this wood from an acre. Wlien drained and clear- ed of wood, he turned the top over with a grab, bog-hoes, &c., levelled it as well as he could, and planted potatoes, until the surface was mellowed and subdued, and then sowed grass seed and rolled it down. The committee were gratified to sec tiiat Mr Richardson's neighbors were pursuing a similar course with their meadows. The committee award to Mr Richardson the first premium of $25. Messrs. Abie! H. Wheeler and Joseph Merriam, of Concord, oflered their reclaimed meadows for premium. Mr Wheeler's toeadow, though produc- tive for the present, is not thoroughly drained. Last year, Mr Jlcrriain took the second premi- um. This year he has reclaimed another piece in a similar manner. His method is to cut up the bushes and hassocks and burn them, then spread the ashes and sow grass seed. The committee cannot believe that burning such a meadow is the best way to reclaim it, nor can they think that it would promote the objects of the Society, to give a man two premiums for doing the same thing twice, or for repeating the same experiment. Under these circumstances, tliey do not. feel authorized to award the second premium to any person." Poultry. — It is scarcely creditalde how valuable is the poultry in the United States. By the cen- sus of 1840. it was returned at .§12,170,170. Of this New York contributes $2,373,029, which is more than the value of all its swine, half the value of its sheep, the entire value of its neat cattle, and five times the value of all the horses and mules in the State. These facts are derived from " the American Poultry Book," recently published by the Harpers, New York. The first Snoic. — There was a slight fall of snow at Philadelphia on the 13th inst. In Ulster coun- ty, on the 14th, snow fell to the depth of four in- ches. Rufus Newhall, jr., of Lynn, Mass., has a second growth of apples upon a young tree of the Bald- win variety ; and also a vine of the Isabella grape, in blossom, the second time this season. An exchange paper states that the fatlier of an interesting family near Detroit, Mich., not long since stopped the only newspaper that he allowed himself or family, and solely on the ground that he could not afford the expense. This man chews $14 CO worth of tobacco a year! Wisconsin, it is paid, will have for sale this year, 1,000,000 bushels of wheat. 132 NEW ENGLAND FARMER OCT. 35, 18 48, For ihe N. E. Fanner. WHAT IS THE BEST MODE OF HARNESS- ING OXEN? Mr Brkck — In your paper of last week, there is an article taken from the "Mississippi Valley Farmer," on the '' Value of Oxen," which I have read with great pleasure. I find in tliat article the following paragraph: " The value of the ox for lahor is much increas- ed hy substituting the collar and traces for the com- mon wooden yoke and bows. The horse collar reversed, or turned the bottom up, makes an exact til for the neck of the ox, if it be made of a suita- ble size. VVe have been assured by those who have adopted this method of gearing, that it has with them a decided preference over the common method. The following are some of the advanta- ges : Whether the oxen bo geared singly or in pairs, they travel with more ease to themselves ; and there is consequently an increase of speed in travelling ; there is less liability to chafe and gall, and what many would consider the most importani advantage, there is an addition to tho strength of draft of at least ten per cent." I have often wondered when seeing the patient ox with his head bowed down, and his neck over- loaded with a heavy yoke, why this barbarous and inconvenient mode of gearing him was kept up — the most awkward and ungainly mode of tackling, if it may be so called, in the whole economy of farming. It seems that gearing with a collar has the ad- vantages mentioned by the intelligent editor of the Farmer, and it strikes me there are others that he lias not mentioned : they are, that the collar allows more perfect freedom for the head, and therefore there must be greater ease in travelling. The collar, too, spreads the draft over a greater surface, and brings the draft in the right place ; and if the gearing has also breeching' straps behind, the load is prevented from comingion the heels of the cat- tle in going down hill. I wish some one of yonr intelligent and observ- ing correspondents would enlighten us on this subject, and if possible give us the results of their experiments. I believe a better, safer, more com- fortable, more convenient, and in the long run, cheaper mode, could be devised, for tackling this useful animal. Many a time when he is goaded along and vexed with vituperation, he is suffering from a chafed neck, rendered callous almost by the constant action of the heavy yoke, but not so cal- lous as not to be galling and oppressive to his neck. If this mode, too, will allow of working him singly, and his gait can be improved, so that he will walk faster, and release his head from the pounds of wood he carries, (and I think such im- provement can be made,) why not adopt it ? Why will not some agriculturist who has a good yoke or two of oxen, try the experiment? Why will not others start in this matter ? What are the objections to the collar for oxen ? What are the advantages of the old mode, or rather present mode of attaching him to his load ? Why should it be persisted in? Will some of your correspon- dents, 1 ask again, enlighten us on this subject? Yours, truly, A CULTIVATOR. Remarks bi/ the Edilnr. — The customs and usa- ges of the fathers, in relation to the modes of ope- ration in farming, have been followed by the chil- dren with as much obstinacy as though their usages and opinions were infallible and could not be im- proved upon, and to doubt the soundness of their views, would be denounced almost as heresy ; but it is gratifying to know that a spirit of inquiry is abroad, and that not only the children but the fath- ers, are beginning to look around and inquire, how cm we improve upon the past nnd the present mode of cultivation ? How can we add to the comfort, and increase the profit, and improve the beauty of our animals? &c. " A Cultivator" has made some interesting inquiries, which we hope some one who has experience in the management of oxen, will oHswer. We have often been inclmed to believe that an easier mode of drawing than by the wood- en yoke, might be adopted, but as we have had but little experience in this matter, it does not become us to Fuggest the improvement. It would be rath- er hard, we think, to bring into general use any other fashion than the yoke, even though it should be proved that the collar was the best; — but will not some one make the experiment of the collar, as well as answer the inquiries of " A Cultivator." MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXBIBITION OK FLOWERS. Saturday, Oct. 14, J843. Some very fine stands of Dahlias were exhibited today. From the President of the Society, Wid- nalTs Queen, Oakley's Surprise, Dodd's Mary, Es- sex Triumph, Pickwick — all fine. The specimen of VVidnall's Queen was one of the most perfect shown for the season. Mr J. Stickney had a noble stand of upwards of JOO blooms, of all the choice varieties, with not an ordinary flower among them. Mr J. F. Trull had good specimens of Eva, Ne Plus Ultra, Constantia, &c. H. VV. Button exhibited 70 blooms, among them Burnham Hero, Hope, Queen, Oakley's Surprise, Essex Triumph, &.C., which were fine. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Dahlias, and 12 showy and fine bouquets. From Messrs. Winship, a largo bouquet. From Win. Kenrick, eight bouquets of Roses, Verbenas, iSic. There were some other cut flowers and Dahlias, to which no names were attached. For the Committee, H. W. DUTTON. EXHIBITION op FRUITS. From J. Tillson, S. Boston ; fine Isabella and Catawba Grapes. From E. Vose, excellent Marie Louise Pears. From Mr Merrill, Roxbury ; Duchess d' Angou- leme Pears. From Dr. Z. B. Adams, superior specimens o( St. Michael and St. Germain Pears. From Mr Oliver, Brookline ; fine specimens of St. Michael Pears, and Apples from Saratoga coun- ty. New York. From S. Phipps, several vars. of Apples, and 20 dishes of Pears. Among the latter were noticed the Seckel, Healhcote, Duchess d' Angouleine, -Martin Sec, Easier Heurre, Urbaniste, Dix, St. Mi- chael, Roi de Wirtcmburg, &c. Superb Isabella Grapes, and St. Michael Pears, from Mr Henry Plynipton. From Hon. D. Adams, Newbury ; a dish of fine Lewis Pears. From Geo. Walsh, a small French Grape for a name; St. Michael Pears, and Pears for name. From Kendall Bailey, Isabella, Sweetwater an Catawba Grapes, good ; Peaches and Quinces. From S. Pond, Williams's Bon Chretien Pesrsi From John Arnold, fine Black Hamburg Grapesi From S. Gray, Great lieurre Pear. From J. F. Trull, two dishes of superior Orangi Quinces, some of which weighed 14 oz. ; beautifu late Seedling Peaches; Catillac (?) Pears, weigh ing 10 oz. each. From II. Vandine, Blue Imperatrice and Coe'i Golden Drop Plums, very fine. Flemish Beauty .Marie Louise, Beurro Spence, St. Michael, Nft« Long Rosewater, Heathcote, and Prince's St. Ger main Pears. Malacatune and a la-.e Peach, an( Apples for name. From John Howland, New Bedford ; three spe cimens Seedling Pears, viz: No. 1, frcn the gar den of Jos. H. Allen, promises well. No. 3, fron the garden of the late Paul Barney, also of goo( promise. The above two varieties, the committet consider worthy of cultivation. No. 2, not yet aii maturity. A dish of fragrant monthly Alpine Strawberries from J. Bacon, Marine Hospital, Chelsea. C. H. Eldredge, Esq., exhibited a Gross Mig nonne Peach tree, taken from his nursery in Brigh ton, this morning. It was about 7 feet high, am over three inches in circumference at the larges part. It was budded, and has made its wholt growth the present season. Dr. Jerome V. C. Smith, exhibited three boxen of pure Honey in the comb, weighing 43 pounds the produce of one swarm of bees, in the 4th stor) of his house in Bowdoin Square, all ol which has been deposited by them since June last, leaving nearly as much more in the hive and boxes, foi their winter supply of food. For the Committee, J. LOVETT, 2d. Vegetables. — A Cauliflower was exhibited by Capt. Lovett, of Beverly, exceeding any thing ever shown at the Hall, measuring twentijone inches in diameter, and weighing 10 1-4 pounds. Also, two boxes of Lima Beans, fully equal to any ever shown in the Hall. For tho Committee, JNO. A. KENRICK. Curious Agricultural Experiment. — The follow, ing novel and interesting experiment has lately been made by Mr A. Palmer, of Cheain, Surrey : In July, 1842, he put one grain of wheat into a common garden pot. In August, the same was divided into 4 plants, which in three weeks were again divided into 12 plants. In September, these 12 plants were divided into 32, which in November were divided into 50, and then placed in open ground. In July, 1843, 12 of the plants failed, but the remaining 38 were healthy. On the 19th of August they were cut down, and counted 1972 steins, with an average of ■'vO grains to a stem, gi?- 1 ing an increase of 98,()00! Now if this be a prac-i ticable measure of planting wheat, it follows that most of the grain now used for seed may be saved, and will infinitely more than cover the extra ex- pense of sowing, as the wheat plants can be raised by the laborer in his garden, his wife and children being employed in dividing and transplanting them. One of the stems has been sent to us as a sample, which is rather more than six feet long, and stout in proportion — London paper. The Fair of the American Institute, at N. York, is said to have been superior to any former one. roL. Txir. NO. 17. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 133 CSIBORO' AGRICULTURAL SOCIETy. Rtport on Milch Cows. he comiuittee on Milch Ccuvg jespectfully re- to the President, and through him to the niein- of the Society, tliat they have attended to the ss of their olfice, and arc prepared to give the wint; 83 the result of the same : he first cow noticed by them, wag one belong- to Ephraim T. Forbes, represented to have kept in the ordinary way during the summer, rass exclusively, and as having given during ; successive days in June, on an average of -4 quarts of milk, atul that from 17 quarts, or Jay's milk, 2 lbs. of butler were churned, and er that the average weight of the milk was 'S, per day, ley then examined a very large and well look- nw, belcmging to James Cockran, represented sU rewording her owner for the good keeping h your committee presume she has received, ig given on an average during the month of , It) 1-3 qts. of milk per day, and during the h of September, 15 1-2 qts. the pen adjoining, were two cows belonging jomas H. Fayerweatr— Mess 4 mo. new bbl. S7 50 aSOO— Navy— 37 oOa -No. 1 , 6 50 .a 0 00— do Prime 80 00 a 0 00— Pork— I clear 4 mo. bbl. 813 50 a 14 00— do Clear Sl2 50a 13 00 Mess, 10 50 a 1 1 00— do Prime 810 00 a 00 00— do Mess other States, — a do Prime do do 40 00 a 0 00 argodo. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 DO — :r, shipping, 0 a 0(1 — do store, uninspected, 7 a 9 — do , 10 cts. a 14— Lard, No. 1, IBoston ins. 00 a 00 —do \ and VVcslern, 6 a 7 — Ham5, Boston, 6 a Cj — lern and Western, 54 a 6^- Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 1-2 — do new milk, 5 a 6. 001,. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- lion shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 per cent, ad val. All whereui the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per cl. ad. val. anil 3 cts per i>ound. There is a steady demand for fleece and pulled, without any material change in prices. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 33— Do 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. l-2do 29 a 30 -1-4 anil common do 23 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do. unwashed, 9 a 12 — Bengasi do 6a8 — Saxony , clean 00— Buenos Avres unpicked, 7a 10 — do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 2S 8 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do dodo 12 a 16. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. The quantity inspected at the Massachusetts Inspection Office, to this dale, of the new crop, is between 800 and 900 bales; about 300 bales have come to market this week, which brought the growers 7 l-2c per lb. cash, for first sort, for home use. 1st sort Mass. 1843, lb. 7h a 8. IS42, Oa 0. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed 89 to 11. CHEESE— Shipping and4meal,3 to 4 l-2c.— New 5 to 6. EGGS, 12 a 15. NONANTUM HlLLi. NURSERY OF WILLIAM KENRICK. Apple Trees of fine sizes, Peach Trees, in exten- nve numbers and of varielies most superior. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Nectarine Trees of new and most highly esteemed kinds. Franconia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Currants, Goose- berries, Strawberries- of kinds most approved. The de- scripli\e Catalogue for 1843 will be sent to all who apply. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, and Honey Suckles ; yel- low Harrison and other Roses ; Tree and other splendid Poeo- nies of different colors. Also, Myall's Victoria and oilier new kinds of Rhubarb, &c. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every desciiplinn of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The aulumu is a suitable time to transplant many Trees and _ I'hinla, and often times more convenient than in spring. We have as great a variety of Apple>. Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. CROAVN IMPERIALS, TULIPS, *.c. The subscribers have on hand and for sale a supply of Crown Imperials, Tulips, White Lillies, PiEunies, Narcis- sus, Hyacmths, /e wanner. The length of mould lioard has he o very much increased, so that Plouoh works with the greatest ease, hoih with respect the holding and the learn. The Committee al the late t of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Plou we should prefer (or use on a (arm, we might perhaps sa' the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easv tow. try Prouty & Mears, but if vour land is heavy, hard orroi BEGIN WITH Mr. Howard's. '■ At the aliove mentioned trial the Howard Pl'-ugh ■more work, with the same pmrer of team, than any o. plough exhibited. No other turned more ihan Iwenlvst and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, while Howard Plough turned iwentmine and one half inche the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howa Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhslanli made. There has heen quite an improvement made on the s or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wit having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise sec ihe mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Sl.5. A Plo sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost a SiO 60, and with culler Si, with wheel and cutter, S extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and reta the New England Agricultural Warehouse aud Seed S Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, hy JOSEPH BRECK & Cd William Cobbett showed no small exultation in recapitulating the naval victoriea of the Americans. He was one day speaking sonibwhat boldly on the subject, in presence of an English officer, who pet- tishly observed, "There is a good reason for it: I went on board their man of war after our defeat, and found /irr//" their sailors were English." "And had you not all English ?" asked the undaunted radical. Spinsters. — This term applied to single women, is said to have originated thus : In olden time, it was a maxim that no young woman should be mar- ried till she had spun herself a full set of linen. Hence all unmarried women have been called spin- sters— an appellation they still retain in all deeds and law proceedings. — Exch, pap. If " spinning" ani/ quantily of " street yarn," was now-a-days a marriageable requisite, precious few young ladies would be disqualified for entering in- to the " slate of double blessedness'' I — Pr. Dev AVILLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED VEGETAB CtTTI<;R. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of ting lluta Baga. Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots, great objection lo other machines, is their culling the into slices, which makes it almost impossible for the ( to get hold of them : this machine with a little alien cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape most convenient for the cattle to eat- It will cut with from one to two bushels of roots per minute. For sale by JOSEPH BREUK & CO., No. 62 I Market st. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERI Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction roller moved wilh a foot treader, is found to he a great imp ment on the old mode of hanging grindslones. Stones in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and whe used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be at ed to stones hung in the common way. Vot sale 1 BRECK & Co., No. 51 North Market street. LACTOMETERS— a simple inslrument for le the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & C NEW ENGLAND FARMER, A WF.EKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if noi within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frai subscriptions and remittances lor newspapers, wi expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DEnWETT. PRIHTEB.S1 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUni.ISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoricdltorai. Warehocbe.) L..XXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 1, 184:}. [NO. 18. FARMER. For ihe N. E. Farmer. NAT!ON.\L SILK CO.WENTION. f II EniTor. — Having juat returned from the first ional Silk Convention, held in New Yurk last •k, I send you, for the special information of farmers of Now England, the resolutions ad"pt- toirethcr with two or three [ireliminary remarks: . The Convention was called by the energetic nagers of the Ainerican Institute. Some three iths sinf^e, this Institute, whose object it is to note all the great interests of tlie country, and whole country, determined upon Ihne measures nected with the silk business: I^irst — To make ;ial effoi's t'> kcct" a full di"=n'ay of Ameri. silk goods as a part of the exhibition of their 1 annual Fair, Second — To invite a meeting jroners nnd itianufacturers during the Fair: , third — To request a written statement from I grower and manufacturer, giving the results is experience. In this way it was justly con- led that a mass of facts could be collected and lodied in a report, that would, when spread be- ' the public, remove all lingering doubts from lligcnt minds, and settle, finnlli/ and forevtr, whole (lUcstion in regard to this great business. ■'. The results were every way decided in their racier. But few cases of failure the past sea- were reported, and none the early pari of the ion, tvhcre the systtm nfopenfteding tens adopted. us, this system, in preference to feeding in en- aed rooms, is eouclush'cly established, and this i that will now urge business vigorously for- rd. {. All the procepdings of the convention, the ■ning speech of Gen. Tallmadge, the President .he convention, the resolutions adopted, and the 'Stance of all the letters received, (amounting to lut l.)0,) is speedily to be published in pamphlet m, by the enterprizing Messrs. Greely & McEI- h. New York, and a widely extended distribu- n throughout the whole country, is confidently icipaled. J. According to the returns received, the West- I and Soulh-weslern Stales, especially Ohio and nnessee, are going forward most rapidly in this liiiess. The valley of the Ohio alane, has this ir grown cocoons enough, to keep 200 reels in istant operation. 5. Great credit is spontaneously and most eer- ily given by all interested, and by the public fss, to the Institute, fur their wise vigorous ef- ta to bring the eilk cause, in this way, before intelligent public — a calm, discriminating pub- , that has once seen what was "moonshine," 1 can now sue what is substantial verity. Yours, &c. I. R. B. Oxford, Oct. 20. The resolutions accompanying the above, occu- too much space for insertion in this number : :y shall have a place in our next. They may be ind in the "New York Tribune," of the Uitli iilt. COOKING FOOD FOR STOCK. There is no doubt of the advantage, in one point of view, of the cooking of food for some animals : this point is, that the same quantity of food afiurds when cooked, a larger portion of nutrition. Hut is there not still a doubt as to the advantages of a general adoption of the cooked mode of feeding r What is true and advantageous on a large scale, will not always answer on a small one: a dinner for one man each day will scarce pay for (uol and the wages of the cook ; but when an hundred in- stead of one sit down to dinner, it is a very diffe- rent affair, and the tavern-keeper who would go behind-hand in the one case, could afford to ride in his chaise in the other. Will not a similar rule apply well in cooking food for domestic animals.' Most tempting accounts have appeared from time to time in the agricultural journals, of profitable undertakings in feeding large numbers of swine upon cooked food, but I have never met with much in a small way, upon a limited scale, that seemed worthy of imitating. Swine aro mentioned, because it is rather doubt- ful if much or any advantage is derived in cooking for neat cattle, milch cows, or for horses. Perhaps the experiments tended to leave the subject in great doubt as regards all. animals that chew the cud. The most decisive advantage is believed to hive been found in cooking for swine — but why is it that our farmers have not mora generally adopt- ed it ? Is it not from the cause already adverted to, that expensive processes may be true economy where a great deal of work is to be accomplished, but will not answer on a small scale. Any farmer can boil his small potatoes, and the meal also to fallen his hogs at the beginning of winter, with the utensils in constant use all the year round in his family ; but is it not questionable economy for him to go beyond this, and fit up an expensive boiling or steaming apparatus, to cook the food for his few swine. (And here it occurs to the uiind, what should not be forgotten, never mix the meal wilh or use the water in which potatoes have been boil- ed, for the food of swine ; for it is well known to be injurious and to act as a medicine to scour, as it is termed.) When, therefore, we see so often such laudable experiments and results in the cooking of food, urged for general adoption, does not the old adage occur, that we may bo more nice than wise. — Far- mers' J'isitor. Sharp Work. — The Oisego Republican contains a statement, supported by affidavits sivorn to be- fore a Justice of the Peace, which we think oul- polatoes all creation. Mr David B. Sliepherd, of Otsego, proves as aforesaid, that on the third day of this present month, (Oct.) he did, between 4 o'- clock, A. M. and 15 minutes past 7, P. M., "pull the vines, dig. and pick up three hundred and six bushels of potatoes !" CURE FOR A FOUNDERED HORSE. I send you the following prescription, to which you may give a place in your useful paper, if you think it will be of any advantage to fanners and travellers : As soon as your horse is foundered, bleed him in the neck in proportion to the greatness of iho founder. In extreme case?, you may bleed him as long as he can stand up. Then draw hi.s head up, as is common in drenching, and with a spoon, put far back on his tongue, strong salt, until you can get him to swallow one pint. lie careful not to let him swallow too much. Then anoint around the edges of his hnols with spirits of turpentine, and your horse will be well in one liour. A foun- der pervades every part of the system of a horse. The phlegms arrest it from the stomach and bow- els ; and the spirits arrest it from the feet and limbs. I once rode a hired horse ninety miles in two days, returning him at night the second day, and his owner would not have known that he had been foundered, if I had not told him, and his founder was one of the deepest kind. 1 once, in a travel of 700 miles, foundered my horse three times, and I did not think my journey was retarded more than one day by the misfortune, having in all ca'jes observed and practiced the above prescriptio.j. I have known a foundered horse turned in at night on greed feed, and in the morning he would be well, having been purged by the green feed. All founders must bo attended to Immediately. — &)ulhtvestcrn Far. It has been proved by repeated experiments, that straw, saturated with a solution of lime or common whitewash, is incombtislibk. SQUASHES. It has been asserted, as the result of an acciden- tal experiment, that squashes sown in the fall, will survive the frosts of winter and spring, and will ripen much earlier than any which can be raised by sowing in the spring. Those sown in the spring and those sown in the fall, were, in the case alluded to, exposed to a severe frost; the former were killed, while the latter survived. It maybe worth a more satisfactory experiment. The earli- est sallads we know, are grown in this way. The same has been said of a species of beans, and even of potatoes. To preserve good squashes in perfection, great care is necessary to keep them from the neighbor- hood of others of an inferior kind, and especially of pumpkins. If grown together, the good uniform- ly deteriorate, and the best squashes become bas- tard |)Umpkins. However mysterious this fact may appear, it is unquestionable ; and it is probably to be explained on the same principles with a fact no less unquestionable, that the different spccica of corn and of grain always mix when they grow in the neighborhood of each other Selected. r.arge Cattle. — Gen. Wm. A. Mills, of Living- ston county, N. Y., had a pair of oxen at the late Cattle Show In Rochester, which wei'i-licd six thovsand two hundred and fflij pounds. Rochester Fast. ■ 138 NEW ENGLAND FARMER NOV. 1, 1843. REMARKS OF MR TESCIIEMACURR, Jit the Plowing Mutcli. nf the Jlmerican Insliiiiti:. At the late plowing malcli at Puterson, N. J. un- der the auspices of llie Aincricnn Institute, our re- spected fellow-citizen, J. E. Tesciiemacher, Esq., was present, nnd addressed the asscnibla{;;e in some appropriate and beautiful remarks, reported in the N. Y. Herald, as follows : — I am delighted to meet you, pentlemen, on this fair field ot contest, and to witness your strenuous emulation in the first process of the cultivation of the soil — plowing. Gentlemen — I am e.vlremely fond of reading history, and this passion has led my imagination into the busy occupation of invent- ing far different scenes for this fair field. My mind's eve has constructed in that corner, a tre- mendous battery, vomiting forth death and destruc- tion. Opposite, it has in view immense masses of human beings crowding quickly forward up to the very cannon's mouth, each cliasni in their ranks caused by the crashing artillery, instantly closed up by frrsh victims. From another quarter come thundering over the plain numerous sq'iadrons of cavalry, ru.-liing like a whirlwind, spreading deso- lation all around ; while amidst all these e.vhibi- tions of fury and madness, and almost overpowering the roar of the artillery, arise the groans, the cries, and the screams of the wounded and the dying — of human nature suffering, in multitudes, tortures more horrid than the inventions of the inquisition. And the cause of all this dreadful spectacle, to he repeated thrice and thrice again, perhaps some few feet of disputed territory — perhaps even only some fancied wound on that indefinite term, national honor. And the result thereof — view the widow. ed female with her helpless children, tlie hopes of her life, the light of her eyes, her husband, a pale, lifeless corpse, the rest of her life on earth a mass of impenetrable darkness. View the childless mother — he whose little hands she taught to raise to heaven — he, her only support and hope on this side of the grave — gone from her sight forever. See the orphan children, icft to wander helpless through the world. And this scene, my friends, is called glory for the side that conquers, or disgrace for the defeated : each party lifting up their voices and calling on God to defend the right, and to bless their side with victory. It is impossible for me to trace this picture in language so vividly as imagination presents it to my mind. Happily, no imagination is required to represent to you the re- ality of the scene we have today witnessed. In- stead of stains of human gore, the only spots are the sweat of man's brow, arising from the condi- tion under which the Benignant Deity has decreed that lie shall earn his bread. Instead of the ma- nure of human carcasses and bones, we have that formed by the intelligent action of the scientific mind, which has peacefully penetrated into the laws of nature for the purpose of ascertaining the nourishment most fitted fur the crop intended to be raised. Instead of the groans and cries of the wounded and dying, or the wailing and lament of the widow, the parent or the orphan, we have the blilhsome whistle of the ploughman, the cheerful and contented hum of the voices of his wite and children. Instead of the ruined cottage, the de- vastated field and orchard, we have all nature smi- ling wnh its luxuriant fruits, flowers and harvests. Which, my friends, is true glory, which occupa- tion can with more chance of success lift up its voice to heaven and ask a blessing on the e.xcr- tion ? Ofi a review of these two scenes, who can help e.xclalming, happy will be the time when the sword shall become the plough share, the spear the reaping hook, and nun shall learn war no more. I have lived in other countries where other customs and forms of society prevail, and have frequently heard and seen men who had raised themselves to opulence by industry, rejected from certain class- es of highly educated society, because forsooth, tlicy had gained their riches in trade, or behind the retailing counter, or in some other calling, which conventional feelings deemed deorading ; but in no country have I ever he.ird included in these fancied degrading occupations, that of following the plough or agriculture. This is honored by time, by nobles, by men of the highest education, nay, even by monarchs themselves, some of whom have set an example to their subjects by hold- ing the plough themselves. Point out to me the man who follows the plough with a steady hand, a correct and discerning eye, easing and driving with judgn^cnt and skill, and I will show you the man whose farm in every other point of husbandry must thrive by the exertion of his intelligence and in- dustry. I liave often regretted that I was not brnught up to till the earth. There is always a sweet fragrance, a cheering spirit arising from fresh turned soil, and when I have beheld the wa- ving wheat bend gracefully under the well filled ear, as if making a thankful audience to Heaven for its luxurience, I have felt happy in the idea that it seemed like an invitation to me also to bow in gratitude to the same Being for the blessings that surround me. My friends, the youth now bringing up to agricultute are unquestionably des- tined to see this pursuit in far brighter days than it has ever yet enjoyed. Look at the vast extent iif territory on this side of the Atlantic ; it will probably for ages be unscathed by war; it will teem with a free, contented, active population, which will give a tremendous impulse to agricul- ture by the application of industry, and llie lustre of that star of science now rising steadily upon this pursuit. The immense demand by this wide- spread agricultural population, for the products of the manufarture and the commerce of the cities and of the sea board, will be reverberated back by the requisitions of hosts of mechanics, artisans and manufacturing operatives, on their industry, for fond and raw material, all products of the soil. While the vast iinprovementa in the communica- tions from one end of the country to the other, through the medium of steamboats and railroads, will eciiialize and renjler steady the immense and profitable business of supplying each other's wants, those circumstances, if seconded by tlie efforts of wise and paternal government, quietly repressing and discountenancing wild and delusive specula- lions, as well as protecting the earnings of lioncst industry against llie wiles and designing arts of drones, ivho, either ashamed or too lazy to work themselves, seek only to appropriate to themselves the results of the labors of others — must eventuate in a state of things, which the wise and good can only contemplate with satisfaction and heartfelt de- light. And what must a man do to take a share in bringing about this desired end? Put his hand to the plough — the time honored plough and hon- ored let it be throughout the land — educate your youth in the use of it ; teach them a proper esti- mation of its worth, and of the value, the dignity of agriculture. In the plough handle there is no trickery, no deceit, no false friendship. Stand b your plough, and it will stand by you in sunshin and in ram, in adversity and in prosperity. I trut our friend, Mr. Colman, now in England, will fi vnr us soon with some account of the action of th English plough. I arranged with hini on his dt partiiro, that if he wished it, I would forward t him Yankee ploughs, of any make he wi.'^hed, ft the purpose of running the race with those of Eng lish make. These are contests in which good me delight ; in which both parties gain. KEEPING APPLES. The ordinary method of stowing apples away i the bins of cellars is a very good one for famil purposes, especially if the cellars be cool and di in the warmer months, and of a temperature abo\ the freezing point in winter, 'i he best methoi however, which we have found of keeping apple is to pick them by hand from the trees in di weather, as soon as sufticiently ripe, and pack the in clean barrels, being very careful at the san time to prevent their getting bruised in so doin Head them up tight from the air inmiedialely, ar place them in any cool, dry place, with the tempi rature as near 40 or 45 degrees as possible. 1 this way we have known them to remain perfect sound for more than a year, and it is thus packe that they best bear transportation at sea. As soc as we get a line of steam-ships to cross the Atlai tic from this city to Liverpool in ten to tweh days, (which will undoubtedly be the case in very few years) good apples will become quite £ article of export ; instead, therefore, of allowir their orchards to go to decay, as many, we are son to find, are doing in this neighborhood, the produi tion of good selected fruit should be more ai more the study of the farmer, especially if he t the proprietor of only a small estate. Apples ai undoubtedly worth raising even to be fed to pigs and how much they contribute to the comforts ar luxuries of llie table, we need not say. The varieties of apples to be grown on the far need not be great ; some twenty or at most thirl kinds for the summer, fall, and winter, would prol ably embrace all that are particularly desirab for family use. These should be well approve kinds, known as such by actual tests in our cl mate ; for these greatly change by transplantin not only from foreign countries, but even in ot own diversified territories. We have repeated j seen apples which were very superior in the norti ern and eastern States, prove quite ordinary on In ing transplanted to the west and south, and knowledge of this fact should operate as a cautir to those who purchase at our nurseries, not to t over hasty in condemning every thing which dot not answer the description given it where fir 'i produced. — Jlmerican Jlgriculturalisl. i Snow Sturm in Vermont. A letter to the Bo ton Mail, dated " Sutton, Vt., Oct. 24, says th: a snow storm commenced on the Sunday night pri vious, which covered the ground to the depth i ]2 to 15 inches on a level. "It has taken us ei tirely by surprise ; and should it not melt awo very soon, it will do much damage to the la' crops — Nearly one half of the potatoes are yet i the ground. In fact our farmers were in the vei centre of their fall work when this visitation can upon them." 9t. XXII. NO. \fl?3^3pOT!?:;p?rxi ciP :^ PJCS g=, — = '2. 3 '3. "^1 III '^ 5- S, ra ?-^ ?" ™ ^r go en J>o » po to ^ to ^ .= . <» .- ^ .-^ » ^S ?? - ^ ..; f? A, ^ ^ ^ - ?:• - S - ^ r. ^ n ^' n '^- o "^ o o nP <^.= n? n? o o o o O c o " ^ — ^ a OR, S : S- V3 = ■'i '^ ^2. ''5. C-) n- '- - -" = - P- - \ A 2 w N CO tn fB S kS — t I ) *z n^ r^ r^ — ^ VI ^ m en in Cn en cn Cn cn .c^ 0:^ cn) o- _ ~ M l;^ VI ^» C3 t.^- GTj a > O ■" en ^' C u~ ill M Cl Vx *- o " rz •-1 ) - t- m -1 <» VI a M =5 VI 05 in vj 05 C~. Oi 05 o> --^ o - n V JU — , .^ CO » h^ ;^ m CO Oj 05 fO C;i — ^ o •^ c-. to C3 CO Jw (0 05 CO o (01 1\- v'( - _ _ ,_, _ _ ^^ ,_, _ < .^ — tJX ^^ lO ,1^ to CO (O (O CO ^ CO c. CO CI CO o CO EA S" p o CO . „ VI f^ VI ^1 '-1.' rr no c no cc ■o 'Xi 4^ wn OI Vm Oi Ul oo w ^ \ 3 r.i n m o ■ss: x>. .Ck CO X- C3 lO .1^ (X — ^ ^ a o =3 CO tc «• o ill ^^1 ^ Ui CTj VI 0-. cn OV CO C- CO CO en Ji CO in 05 ^ :;^/ _ . 00 (X b b cn — bl CO M CO jo Jo iO CO iO JO il) 5 - j O'— O*3OC--^0jC0enOO*>.'J' — o cv , ^ . To OUR Readers. — The large space we have lad to devote, for a few weeks past, to ihe reports if coTimiltt-'es of agricultural societies, has exclud- !d the insertion of much matter of a more general- y useful character. Having, we hope, wiili the A^orcester reports in this number, got through with he publication of these too often unattractive doc- iments, we shall be able to present our readers a Treater variety of reading matter and of a more iseful kind. We would improve this opportunity to hint, in a friendly spirit, to the framers of reports at our ag- ricultural fairs, that if they would intersper.«e their I' dry" details more frequently with somewhat of good counsel, of an instructive and practical char- acter, their reports would be much more accepta- ble for publication in the agricultural journals, and ni'jch less liable to the objection of being barren of interest, excepting to those interested in their awards. Afalural Phenomenon. — A correspondent at Ed- gartown informs us that a duck's egg, of rather large size, at th-it place, was found to contain another perfectly formed egg, resembling a pigeon's egg in size, and with a hard shell. — A'eio Dulford Mercury. The ground on which the work was done, was a grass sward, with a hard, stony bottom — and the plowing was about two inches deeper than hereto- fore hence an explanation of the large quantity of power applied in the performance. Two pair of oxen were used and moderately driven. The plows were hold and regolated by the owners or their agents— principally. The plows of Ruggles &, Co. beinj held by MrTaplcy, of Danvers ; those of Prouty & Co., by Mr Wheeler, of Conconl — excepting Nos. 9 and 11, which weie entered by their respective owners, and held by Mr Wilkins, of Middleton. The committee were desirous of a further trial of the plows ; and accordingly request- ed each of the inaniificturers to produce one of their large size and one of their medium size plows. These were tried on the 24th of October, under the following regulations: The smaller size plows I were to bo adjusted to turn a furrow 12 inches, wide and 7 inches deep— the larger size, 14 inches j wide, and 7 inches deep. They were so adjusted as nearly as possible, by the owners. The land in which they were tried, was a grass sward, in gn-d' condition to bo plowed. The work was done very nearly as required. The power applied by three yoke of oxen used, as indicated by the Dynaiiionie- ter, was nearly as fullows, viz: MEDIDM SIZE PLOWS. 1. Winslow, of Danvers, 402 lbs. 2. Prouiy & Co., of Boston, 42.') " 'I Ru.'gles & Co., of Worcester, 412 " 4. Howard, of Hingham, 412 " LARUE SIZE PLOWS. 1. Winslow, 512 lbs. 2. Prouty &. Co., (Sod A.) 4b7 " 3. Ruggles & Co., (Eagle No. 3,) 4:5 " 4. Howard, 450 " The depth of the furrows varied from G 1-2 to 7 1-2 inches — but as the depth and width were pro- scribed, the attention of the committee was princi- pally directed to the manner in which the plows run — the case with which they were hold — the condition in which the furrow-slice was laid, and to Tiily of 10 in num- ber with milk and cream. Tiie 3ommittee consider her a good cow, but not ent'tled to a premium, from want of conformity to the rales of the Society. Jonas H. Allen, of Shrewsbury, offered a famous yonng cow, 1-4 Durham. Mr Allen strictly com- plied with the rules of the Society, but failed of j^ced 18 1-2 lbs. of 'butter, and from lOth to 20lh obtaining the first premium, because, in the esti Simon Cirpenler, of Charlton, offered for the Society's premium, a cow of the Holderness breed, 4 years old, which by his certificate, he raised himself. She calved in April last, and at 4 weeiis old, her calf weighed 100 lbs. She gave from 10th to 20th June Inst, 380 lbs. of milk, from which 18 lbs. of butter were made : from 10th to 20th Sep- tember, she gave 355 lbs. of milk, from which were made 17 1-4 lbs. of buttei;. This cow was kept in a flock, together with herself making 10 in num- ber. Your committee award to Mr Carpenter, the Society's first premium of .$12. Jacob W. Watson, of Princeton, offered a cow 4 years old, (though not large was good,) of native stock; she has had 3 calves. By his certificate, the committee find that from tlie 10th to the 20lh June, she gave 401 lbs of milk, wliicli made 18 3 4 lbs. of bolter, and from 10th to 20th September, she gave 277 lbs. of milk, which made 15 1-2 lbs. of butter. She was kept with other cows and drove one mile to pasture during tlie season. To Mr Watson, the committee award the second pre- mium of S8. Wm. Eames, of Worcester, offered an 8 years old cow, of native breed, which by his certificate, gave from 10th to 20th June, 340 lbs. of milk, which made 17 3-4 lbs. butter, and from 10th to 20th September, gave 260 lbs. milk, which made 13 1-2 lbs. of butter. Mr Eames further stated that she calved on the 5th day of Nov. last, and has averaged 10 quarts of milk per day from that time to the date of the certificate, more than 11 months. To Mr Eames the committee award the third premium of $6. Charles E. Miles, of Shrewsbury, offered a cow 9 years old, which by his certificate, gave from lOth to 20th of June, 385 lbs. of milk, which pro- ination of the committee, there was another cow offered wliose merits should place her in the first rank ; and Mr Allen, (as the committee were in- formed,) having obtained the second premium last year, it was thought by the military portion of the committee, that it would not do to degrade her. We pass her, simply saying, that she gave from the 10th to the 20th of June, 3.35 lbs. of milk, from which 16 3 4 lbs. of butter were made. Danforth R. Tufts, of New Braintrce, entered for premium a fine looking 8 years old cow, of moderate size. 1'he committee had no statement from Mr Tufts. Job Rainger, of New Braintree, offered a cow, 5 1-2 years old, kept with 17 others — from lOih to the 20lh of Juno, her milk weighed from 33 to 36 lbs. per day. Daniel Tenny, of Sutton, exhibited a cow 9 years old, with a calf by her side — she was neither large nor very handsome; but as phrenologists would [no(] say, her bump of proJuclivenesa was very strongly developed. Thomas S. Brackett, of Bolton, presented for exhibition only, a most famous cow, of 10 years old, wliich does great to him and his pastures, and would be an ornament to any man's farm. Four cows were exhi'iited by the State Lunatic Hospital, which were not large, but looked well, and however frantic they might have once been, are now remarkably neat and docile, which is a characteristic, not only of the brute, but of the hu- man species coming from within the limits of that institution, worthy the commendation of a grateful j Northboro' ; Wm. Eames and James Estabrook, of i'"'''"'' I Worcester ; Harvey Dodge, of Sutton ; Danforth September, she gave 368 1-2 lbs. of milk, which produced 17 lbs. 2 oz. of butter. She calved on the 20th of April last. To Mr Miles the commit- tee award the fourth premium of $3. On Heiftrs. Committee — Adam Harrington, Shrewsbury ; Otis Adams, of Grafton ; Gardner Wilson, Leices- ter; Solon S. Hastings, Princeton; John McLellan, Sutton ; Levi Pierce, Hubbardston ; and Joel Pratt, jr., Sterling. The committee on Heifers have attended to the duties assigned them, and report — that there were fifty in the wh(de entered for premium, viz : ten three year old heifers, sixteen of two years, thir- teen yearling heifers and eleven heifer calves. Your committee had some difficulty in arriving to a satisfactory result, as to the relative merits of the several classes of heifers presented them for premiums, as most of the animals gave much prom- ise of future usefulness for stock and the dairy. Of the first class, your committee readily came to a result perfectly satisfactory to themselves, as to the best heifer, and awarded the first premium of $8 to Abiel Jaques, of Worcester, for his beau- tiful native heifer, 3 years old. The second premium of $6, to Jacob. W. Wat- son, of Princeton, for his native heifer, 3 1-2 years old, with a calf by her side. And the third premium of $4, to John Barnard, of Worsester, for his light red heifer, of 3 years, third Durham. 1 he heifers belonging to Holloway Bailey, of K. Tufts, of New Braintree — of the first class, ai very fine; and on many other similar occasion might liave shared the bounty of this Society. In the next class, your comi.Jtlee fuund then selves involved in duties unusually arduous, fro the large number of heifers, and good qualitii which were so equally balanced, — and after muc care and attention, have awarded the first preniiu of $,5, to Job Rainger, of New Braintree, for li heifer, 2 years, 6 months and 15 dajs old — fourl Spanisli. To Jacob W. Watson, of Princc'in, the secon premium of $4, for his native heifer, of 3 1-2 year with a calf by her side. And to Thomas W. Ward, of [Shrewsbury, ih third premium of two dollars, for his heifer 2 1 years old. Many of the heifers of the eefoiid class were good size and form, and very pnirnising animal particularly those of Walter Bigelow and D. Wak Lincoln, of Worcester, Wm. Cushman, of Ne Braintree ; Peter B. Stockwell, of Sutton. Your committee, in awarding the premiums fi the next class, had to encounter dilficiillies simih to the former, yet after duly considering the reli tivo merits of each one in this class, have awardt the first premium of $5 to Joseph Sawyer, of Bo ton, for his fine heifer, 18 months oM, half Du ham. The second premium of .*4, to Jai.nes D. Hi] of Sutton, for his native heifer, 18 months old. The third premium of two dollars, to Wm. ( Clark, of Worcester, for his full-blood Durha: heifer, 18 months old. Of this class your committee viewed with muc pleasure the heifers of Rejoice Newton and Wa ter Bigelow, of Worcester ; Paschal Tidd, of Ne' Braintree; Harvey Dodge and Nathaniel Dodgi of Sutton, and think their owners entitled to muc praise for their exertions in a cause so worthy i public patronage. Your committee have awarded the first premiur of !S5 to Silas Brooks, of Worcester, for his nativ heifer calf, of 6 months. To Amory Holnian, of Bolton, the second pre miumof$3, for his heifer calf, half Durham, months and 15 days old. And to Hiram Knight, of Leicester, the thir premium of $2, for his native heifer calf, 6 month.: and 14 days old. And your committee recommend that Wm. Cush' man, Danforth R. Tufts, and Paschal Tidd, of Nei Braintree ; and Harvey Dodge, Nathaniel Dodgt' and Peter B. Stockwell, of Sutton, and Jame Dyke, of MiUbury, be allowed and paid at the rat of eight cents per mile for travel, computing fron the place from which the heifers came, to the plac of show. All of which is respectfully submitted. Bulls and Bull Calves. Committee — Rejoice Newton, Worcester; Frank lin L. Sumner, Charlton ; Nuhum Willington, Wor cester ; Joel Pratt, jr., Sterling ; Orasmus Willard Harvard ; Jonas H. Allen, Shrewsbury. The committee on Bulls and Bull Calves, as) leave to report : Fourteen entries were made of bulla more thai a year old ; 13 only were found in the pens — thai entered by Mr Job Rainger, of New Braintree, wa> not seen by the committee. After deducting somi two or three from the list, the otliers were so good and possessing so nearly an aggregate of valusbli ^OI.. XVll. NO. IS, AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 141 ts, that some of the premiums were finally e, to Francis S. Brackett, of B ilton. ho bull I'f i\I.>.ssrs. Ayres & Broad has lately piircliasod by them at great expense, and in ipinion of the Committee, has more good and r bad points than almost any animal they liave TO bull of Mr Bond appears under miny dls- ntagcs, from having been driven a great dis- j and nut being in hinh order. ie Ayrshire bull, presented to this Society by ;iishuifr, appears again in the pens in his u.^iial liiiess. 11>.' has been the subject of so much ;ient on former occasions, that the ronimittee )t think it necessary that they should say more m. le bull presented to the husbandmen r.f West- , by that veteran cgriculturist, the Hon. John es, shows advantageously the good taste and nont, as well as skill in breeding, of that gen- in, to whom this Society has been so frequent- lebted for the best ornaments of its pens, ■ven bulls under one year old were entered remiuin — generally of good shape and propor- — but some of them having the appearance of luch forcing. le committee award premiums as follows : t of $'), to George B. Slater, of Webster, of ,v3, to Adam Harrington, of Shrewsbury. ; of ^a, to Thomas S. Brackett, of Bolton, fie committee consider tlioir opinions of com- .ively little consequence to the future celebri- ■ value of these animals, because a bull calf lently changes almost his entire character af- ■ne year, and more especially if he has been d during that year. II which is respectfully submitted. On Working Oxen. 'ommUlee — Nath'l P. Denny, Leicester ; Asaph rews, Shrewsbury ; Paul Whitin, Northbridge ; ua \V. Leland, Grafton ; Holloway Bally, thboro' ; Amory Holman, Bolton ; Nathaniel in, Paxton. he committee appointed to award premiums Worlving Oxen, have attended to that service made the following report, viz: better exhibition of Working Oxen has never lared on any former occasion. Twenty-two 3 of oxen were entered for premiums, eighteen fhich became competitors. So little difference •arrd in the oxen, in relation to equality of :h, docility, size and appearance, that the coni- ee found it very difficult to decide who was entitird to the premiums. But being obliged ecide, ihcy have awarded the premiums as fol- 3, viz : 'he first premium of $12, to Jotham B. Pratt, Vorcesti'r, for his five years old oxen, 'he second premium of $8, to Abiel Jaques, of rcestcr, for his four years old oxen, ^he third premium of $G, to Marshall Pratt, of ord, for his four years old oxen. t. T. Marble, Loren Carpenter, Leonard Wheel , Jefferson Wheelock, and Simon Carpenter are entitled to the thanks of the Society for the great skill they have displayed in training tlieir cattle for service. All which is respectfully submitted. ROTATION OF CROPS, &c. Mr Samuel Worcester, of Bridgewater, lias made some inquiries of us in writing, for our opin- ion as to the best system of rotation of crops, and particularly whether rye is a good crop to be plow- ed in for potatoes. He has made some inquiry al- so, as to different kinds of potatoes, and asks if we have ever known white ones to be worth much. lie also wishes we had been more explicit in de- scribing the new mode of sweeping down rye and other green crops to be buried under the furrow. We are much inclined to think that ICnglish writers are making too much of a good thing — ro- tation of crops ; and that much of the written phi- losophy on this subject is unfouriJi-d. For in- stance, we find that some plants grow better when cultivated for many years on the same spot. It is notorious that onions succeed much better on ground that has borne them for many years in suc- cession. Buckwheat also improves on repeated sowings of the same ground, and we find that grass will follow grass quite as well as it will follow corn, potatoes, oats, or barley. If you doubt this, turn over some grass land in August, and sow it immediately to grass again. In this mode, we have long been more successful with grass, than when we practiced a rotation systeni. But we acknowledge there are plants which never seem to sweeten the ground ; their roots are poisonous; and you will not succeed in continuing to plant the same on the same spot for a succes- sion of years. Of this class is the potato, which should never succeed immediately another potato crop. Indian corn may be raised for twenty years in succession on the same ground, if you apply enough manure. The roots are sweet, and when they rot, why should not they be as good food for future corn roots as rye and wheat straw are said to be, by these philosophers, for a second rye or wheat crop ? Rye, plowed in, makes a most excellent dress, ing for a potato crop. This has been tried in Sa- lem. A friend tells us he plowed in a crop of rye there the latter part of May, and he never rais- ed 60 large a crop of potatoes as with this dress- ing. He said the ground was so hot in two or three days, that you could hardly stand on it. Corn also would flourish on a green cr-ip of rye, we can- not doubt, for it does well even after potatoes. We have reason to be cautious in adopting a system of rota'..pn ; the study of this will be found of much importance, and it is experience only that can direct us. Thus we find on repeated trials, that Indian corn seldom does well immediately af- ter buckwheat. Rye has been sown in June on a ley of buckwheat, and after a few weeks it has been known to wither and die. This might hap- pen, it is true, even if a clover ley was turned at that season ; for rye is not a summer grain, and the heat caused by any green crop at that time of the year, might destroy a growth of rye. Indeed, we never knew rye sown in June, to come to much in any case. Rye is not a summer grain, but buckwheat is, and this should be chosen at that season, if a green crop is wanted. Rye flourishes on poor land better than almost the grain is wanted, or if it is to be fed off by cat- tle : it seldom flourishes when sown late in May. If you sow it about the first of Sejitember, and let it grow till the latter part of May, you need not fear to plow it in and plant either corn or potatoes on it : both have been tried. For potatoes it makes an excellent bed, causing the earth to be lignt, and suffering thom to make ample room for tho tubers in the hill. As to the different kinds of pot.itoes, we find none that we prefer to tho Chenango fur early ones, and Long Reds for late ones. ^Ve have never seen a white potato that was a great bearer or that was very rich. Ill regard to the plan which wo have recommend- ed to sweep down rye or other green crops for the plow to bury, we thought it so very simple that any one could take, without many words of de- scrijition. Take a young shrub oak bush, or two if they are small, four feet long, with all the twigs on; place it, or ihem, butt foremost, under tho plow-beam, and lash to it, letting the lops run back as far as the hind part of the mould-plate, but not far enough to be buried by the furrow. This will sweep down your standing rye or other growing crop, as you pass along, and your plo«i' will bury it completely. You can tell only by trial just where to place your bush, but you should let it run as far back as you can, and not bury it under the furrow. — Mass. Ploughman. ROHAN POTATOES. Mr S. C. Mann, in the Dedham American, says: "This potato has improved with me, in quality for the table, withoul depreciating materially in (|uan- tily or size. The present is the third year from the seed, which I procured from Mr E. iM. Rich- ards, of this town, being the second or third crop raised by him. The result of the crop this year, is to me evi- dence of improvement in size, quantity and quali- ty. About fifty bushels were dug from one piece, taking on an average about thirteen hills to a bush- el with less than two bushels that were not of good size. In a more favorable season, tliis per- haps would not be considered an extraordinary yield, but the result in this case was entirely unex- pected to me, after the extreme drought experienc- ed here in the early part of the season." BnlUr without C/iuimn.?.— The Stamford (Eng.) Mercury says, that a cow belonging to Mr tiinlth, of that place, has been regularly milked for the lust twelve months, but during the last thirteen weeks, after standing for two meals as usual, the cream when taken off, has changed gradually to butter, without the assistance of a churn ol any de- scription ; and when made up, is considerably firm- er than any other butter at this season of the year. Strange as this may appear, it as an indisputable fact. ° Shoe Pegs.— Wc understand that a quantity of fresh cut birch wood is now coming down the Ca- nal, amounting to about thirty cords, all of which is destined for Lynn and Ipswich, Mass., to be manu- factured into shot.ptgs. An interesting example of the uses of the raw material, and an indication of much activity in the shoe manufacture.— Por/- any grain ; but it must not be sown in June, when land Adv. 142 NEW ENGLAND FARMER NOV. 1, IS' A.Vn HORTICULTURAL RKGISTER. BosToK, Wednesday, Nov. 1, 1843. LAND DRAINING. The business of reclaimins swiimps, mpadow lands and boj;s, by driiining .ind oiIut means, is now undi-r good liendway in many sections of New England, and it is not unromnion, when we visit a farm, Tor ihe [iroprie- tor to say oflliis or that field, with its heavy biinlen of grass or other crops, lliat it has been reclaimed from an unprodurlive waste. It is a creation of his own, as it were, and no wonder he feels proud to point out to his visitor an inipiovement of so much importance. It is the bc.^t investino'nt a farmer can make, thus to subdue and brin^ into cultivation these waste places, whose chtiif products are rushes, brakes, bushes and frogs, and whose e.%halalions engender pestilence and death. The outlay, to be sure, is great, if done at once, and it is not within the means of every landholder to carry on an im- provement of this sort, independent of his ordinarv farming operations : but he can do it by degrees, as he has leisure from the more urgent business of (he seascms. There are thousands of acres either already reclaimed, or in the process of reclaiming in this State, and we may safely assert tliat there are tens of thousands more whose value would he increased an hundred fold by a judicious proce>s of d'aitiing. These unproductive waste portions are not all em- braced in the low lands and meadow swamps, but there is niurh high land cold and wet, covered with hard-hacU and other busheii, denoting the presence of stagnant wa- ter— a sure preventive of all profitable improvement, un- til the hidden evil is eradicated. An English writer well remarks, " that until the soil is laid dry, agiicnilure cannot be successfully pursued. Without a sutHcient supply of moisture, grailual mois- ture, 1 shall call it— not stagnant water — I admit that vegetation will not proceed ; but wherever a superahun. dance f reclamalii his power, whether fmrn narrowness of mind or slu| apathy of soul, robs the laborer of his hire, and tb tion of its bread, by allowing his acres to lie com lively sterile, drowned with water and covered weeds, scattering inlection over the land with e wind that blows. To say the least of it, he is neit friend to himself, his race, or his country. Tlie fa you may send ship after ship on the ocean, you add house to house on the land — you have plenty o how-room, but you cannot stretch out the map of country, and plant additional farms thereon." MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EilllBITIOS OF FLOWERS. Saturday, Oct. 28, 18< The specimens of Dahlias by Messrs. J. Siicknc H. W. Dutton, were among the best exhibited d the season. We have no recollection of having at any time, a better specimen of any variety tha bipom of Junes's Francis in the stand of Mr Sticli there were others of great merit, viz : lUown's G of Trumps, Widnall's Queen, liedford Surprise, of Bath, &c. Hudson's Princess Royal is very fi its form and general appearance, but the petal gnme large and confused ; still we tliink well of it, and another season to fully test its merits as also the reputation of Essex Triumph. In the collection by Mr H. W. Dutton, we 1 some beautiful specimens: Oakley's Surprise Charles XII., made a fine display ; and among i others, we noticed Conslantia, Widnall's Queen, I Triumph, and although last not least it our estim; Admiral Stopford ; tliis last named variety, allh not large, (judging from the specimen) in size, i; in its form, petal good, color somewtiat like No Flu tra, and we shall be disappointed if it does not t. high stand and rank among the cultivators anothen son. Bouquets, by Messrs. Warren, of Briglilon, and Kenrick, of Newton. We were pleased to see some specimens of Violl color, from the garden of Mr Warren, of Brighton. For the Committee, S. WALKE 0°An adjourned meeting of the Society, will be on Saturday, Nov. 4th. EBEN. WIGHT, Ric. S Qj'The Fruit report is deferred for want of roor 0=We hereby acknowledge the receipt of one drod and fifty dollars from " the Rhode Island Sc for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry," fc New England Farmer, for distribution among its ? bers. (CrWe would invite the attention of our readi the account, on another page, of the late trial of { by a committee cif ihe Essex Agriciiltuial Society which it will ho seen that the Howard plow susl- its high reputation. XXII. NO. in. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 143 TlIEll.MOMETIUCAL. Ropnrieiirortlie New Enel.incI Farmer. ;eof tiie riiri iiionieler al the ri;inlciiof tlie proprietors \eiv Kii'.;lanil Firmer, Uiiglilun, Mmss in a shadoil ilv i^xnoeure, foi ilic«cek eii.ling Oct. 29. t. 1S43. |7,«...i. ,12, M. |6,P.M.| Wiiul. N. 44 N. E. 52 E. 42 N. 46 E. 42 N. 44 N. LJHI'O.N MARKliT.— MoKiiAT, Oct. 30, 1«43. Hi-porled for the N. E. Farmer. V^rl50 S«ine. CK, - Hfcf Cattle —We lake pleasure in nniicirg bei.ulir.il fut "xen fe.l by i Brown, Ksq , of Kid};"- Orl.^ans C-o^mty. N. Y., one of whicl. took llic ren.inio al the l.iiejWr at Kocliesler N. Y., and is wl.-il.'i-d to be the laltest ox ever otTered t.ir sale ^hton! Sold to Mr. S. U. B.'nn.'tt, price not pub- We qootn lo correspond willi list week, viz : n itrii Si 50, llislqo.nlity $4 n $4 25, second quality , third quality $2 TjO a .$:! 50. reHm.' C.:«;<;.-Mes3 $3 2.-,. No. 1, $2 50. No. .„._Two year ol.l .S8 ti 12. Three year old 17. -p.— a.les quick, small lots 75c. to $1 50. Wethers l(> $2. nr — Last vieek's prices were not sustained. Lots die 4 (.>r sows and 5 for barrows. Old Hogs Irom , 1-2. Atietad ("rom 4 1-2 to 6. val. All wlieresi the va'ue exceeds 7 els. per pounil, 3D per el. ad val. and 3 cis pet pound. We have no operations of importance to notice in this ar- ticle. There is a more r-jiilar demand for all dcscriplions, and recent prices are fully sapported ; a few lunulred bales of South AmTican have been added lo the stock of coarse foreign, by two arrivals from Buenos Ayrcs. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c.— Amer- ican full blo.id in 33 a 3.->— Do 3 4 do 32 a 00— Do. I i do 29 a 30 -14 and common do i:, a '27 — Smyrna Sbeep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 9 a 12 — Henjusi do 6 a8— Saxonv , tiean on — Huenos Avies unpicked, 7 a 10— do. do picked, 1-2 a 16 -Superfine Norlbern pulled lamb 23 n 32— No. 1 rio. do, do. 2j a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— i^o. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent- The article has come into market quite freely during the past week, and ready buyers found at 7 1-2 a 7 3-4 c. per lb, mostly for home use. 1st sort Mass 1843, lb. 7^ a 8. IS42, Da 0. HAY, It lo 16 per tun- Eastern Screwed 89 to 1 1 . EGGS. 12 a 15. WIIOLFSALE PRICES CURRENT. Corvcdcd uUh great care, weekly. i-DS Herds Grass, if.(\ 00 to 2 C2 per bushel Red Top 50 cents Clover— Northern. 00 to I2c.— Southern. 0 I lax Seed, SP 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. y Seed, S2 25 per bushel. A IN. The improvement noticed in the last report een fully supported— receipts of the week are small lie demand quite active. ,n_\iriliern. old, bushel 62 to 00— Southern, round ; oil 00 a no— Southern flat yellow, new, 58 a 60— ii' white no a 00— do New Orleans, 51 a .'^5 — Barley lo — Rve Northern, 63 a 65-do. Soulhern, 60 a 62 — Southern. 28 a 30— Northern do. 31 to 33-Rpans, per 1 I 00 a 1 C2.— Shorts, per double bush. 22 a 35 -Bran, 0. OUR. The demand for Flour during ihe past week, ,een considerably greater than the receipts, the latter g fallen off in consequence of the scarcity of vessels at York, and the freight trains being kept back on ac- of the late accidents on the railroad. Itimorc. Howard Street, 4 mos, cr. S4 75 a 0 00 --do. ■ $0 00 a 0 00— do. free of garlic. Si 62 a 4 75 — Phila- ia do 4 mos. S4 50 a 4 62 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 84 60 a 4 75— Alexandria, wharf mountain, n no a 0 On. irceiown, S4 87 a f. 25— Richmond Canal, S4 75 a 4 87 Cnv, «o no a 0 00— Petersburgh, South side So on a 0 oo Country So no all 00— Genesee, common, cash, S4 87 a -do f'.my brands $5 12 a 6 50 — Ohio via Canal, a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 73 a 5 00. Rye. a 3 25— Indian Meal in bbls. i2 87 a 3 00. lOVlSIONS. There is a good supply of new Reef in el, and considerable sales have been made at $7 1-2 rl for Mess. Pork has gone off this week more freely, "f— Mess 4 fio. new bbl. S7 50 a 0 00— Navy— *7 ona INo 1 6 50 1 0 00— do Prime So 00 a 0 Oil— Pork- 1 clear 4 mo bbl. 813 50 a 14 00-do Clear S12 50 a 13 00 Mess, 10 50 a 1 1 00— do Prime SIO 00 a no on— do Mess ntiier States.— a do Prime do Ho So 00 a 0 00 largo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SnOnnaOOOO- jr, shipiiing. 0 a Oil — do store. unin<;pecled. 6 a 9— do , 'n rts. a^r>— La'd, No. I, Brslon ins 00 a 00 —do h and ^Veslern, 6 a 7 — Hams, Boston. 6 a 6i — hern and Western. 5^ a ej— Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 meal, — do new milk, 4J a5j. OOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- ilion shall uot exceed 7 cts. per pound, e per cenl. aJ SPLENDID BIII.BOIIS Pt.OWER HOOTS. .Tiist received by .TOSEPH BRECK & CO., from Hol- land, a larue and well selected assortn'ent of DUTCH LULI'OUS ROOTS, among which are the following .— Hyacinlhs, of every color and variety. Tulips, do. do. do. do. do. Pobjcmthus Narcissus, JVarcissm, Jonquills, Ranun- cuhis,' .flmmonex, Iris, Crocuses, of all colors. Gladiolus, Lillies, &c. &c. Those who wish for fine Eullis will do well to call and examine the above, as they are a choice selected lot, and will give universal satisfaction. Orders should be forward- ed soon to ti.e suliscriliers, 51 and £2 North Market Street, office of the N. E. Farmer. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. NONANTUm HILt.. NURSERY OF WILLIAM KENRICK. Apple Trees of fine sizes. Peach Trees, in exten- <:ive numbers ami of varieties mnsi superior. Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Nectarine Trees of new and most highly esteemed kinds. Francnnia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Currants. Goose- berries, Strawberries— of kinds most approved. The de- scripii\e Catalosue for 18h3 will be sent to all who apply. Ornamenlal Tre^s and Shrubs, and Honey Suckles ; yel- low Harri'^on and other Roses ; Tree and other splendid Pceo- nies of different colors. Also, Myall's Victoria and other uew kinds of Ubnharb, &c. &c. All orders addressed to the subscriber will be promptly attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be sec^iirely packed in mails and moss for safe transport to all distant places, and delivered in the city by the was^.n which goes thither daily, or shipped lo order, or pr. rail road. Or or- ders may be left with Joseph Brerk & Co. 51 and S2 North Market Str-et, Boston. WILLIAM KENRICK. Nonantum Hill, Newton, Oct. 21, 1843. GAUDEN SEKDSI GARDEN SEEDS ! I The subscribers are now receiviig their fall supply of Garden, Gra-s and Field Seeds of every c'escription. ami would respectfullv recoinmeiid to their customers and the public to send in Ih^ir orders as early as possible, to secure a supply from their choicest lots. Their stock of Seeds for ihis season will be very full and complete, and most ol ihe varieties beini raised under their own inspnct>i'T' ■' Allacknowledffe that Howar Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhslanti: The^ehas been quite an improvement made on the sh hnltp!^," /"'■"" """F''','^'"^''' ""> 1'^ renewed wid, haying lo furni.sh a new landside: this shoe likewise seen the mould hoard and iandside together, and slienglhens Plough very much. * The price of Ihe Ploughs is from S6 to Sis. A Ploii suHicienl for breaking up wiih four caiile, will cost ah extra '""*"' *'■""'' ^'beel and culler, S3 The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail K .,*/';",' r'' ;^S';'"'l""al VVarehoaseand Seed Si. ^os. 51 & 52 rvorlh Market .Street, hy JOSKPH BRECK & CO AVIIiLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED VEGETABL CUTTKU. This machine .surpasses all others for the purpose of c ting Hula Baga. Mangel Wurlzcl, and other roots. 1 great ohjeclion to other machines, is their culling ih'e ro into slices, which makes it almost impossihle ioMhecal to get hold of ihem : this machine with a little allerali cuts them inlo large or small pieces, of such shape a; most convenient for ihe cattle to eat. It will cut wiih e; from one to two husliels of roots per minute h'orsale by JOSEPH BRECK &. CO., No 6" No Market st. GRIIVDSTOIVES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friclion rollers e moved with a foot treader, is found to he a great impro' menl on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hii in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and where- used, give universal sali.?faclion. The rollers can be altai ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale hv BRECK & Co., No, 51 ^orlh Maikel street. LACTO.VIETERS— a simple instrument for lesli the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRKCK & CO, Thanksgiving in Maine, Tth of December ; Connecticut, 13lli of November, KEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not ft within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank subscriptions and remittances lor newspapers, withi expense to subscribers. SOTTLE AND DElTNETT. PRINTEBSt 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUKMSHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicoltobai WABEHOueB.) >L..ZXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, 1843. [NO. 1». N . E. FARMER. From the Fariner'« Monthly Visitor. OUR OWN BREEDS OF CATTLE. Is it nnt qiiPKtionnhle whelher, for the actual |rpose of breeding and reariiij stock, it is not ire advnntn^'eoiis to select from the animals long iiesticatcd, ralliur than from the choice speci- ns brousl.t recently from Europe ? We are are of li c fact, that all, at no distant period, re impnrtpd ; and that out of similar materials races, the nutcd stocks in England have been med, from judicious crossings and careful selec- ns, added to great attention in feeding. Have not often seen, in every part of our own coun- , farmers obtain the reputation of having excel- it cattle, who never paid a high price for an ani- 1, but whose succcsH may be ascribed to good eclions, and more than that, careful attention erwards .' The iiiolances are sufficiently nnme- is, of importations with extraordinary keeping erwards, that have resulted in great profit to the porters ; but unless this extra care has been kept , few of the second purchasers have been bene- ted ; and has it not often happened, that these •ently imported breeds, have, when kept with r long-habituated and acclimated animals, shown 3 worse condition of the two ? A change of cli- ite and of food, when added to the mode of shel- ring and feeding, necessarily produces a great icration, for better or for worse, in the cattle that e subjected to it. The most noted breeds of horses, neat cattle, eep and swine, in England, have been produced ' long and careful altiiition, in a climate far dif- rent from our own ; and for this cause it has, rhaps, often happened that these breeds degene- te in our hands, in our cattle, as in our farm- g, we have to accomplish more with the same imber of laborers. In speed and bottom, in size, id power for draught, our horses, long in the coun- f, surpass the English. Notwithstanding the far eater number of racers trained in England, and e care and attention bestowed, increasing the imber of chances for fleet horses, our racers liave en made in less time for the same distance, than that country, or than ever was made ; showing at the horse has improved since he came among I. Our work horses, also, taken as a whole, are perior ; and all the importations for a considora- e number of years, have proved less valuable an the stock already in the country. For our neat cattle, if we purchase those beauti- 1 animals that have been imported, and the whole id half breeds from them, wc pay extravagant ices (or tlicm ; and, encouraged by extravagant commendations, excitement keeps up care and tention, which tend still to sustain the acquired iputation ; but would not similar care and atten- an have produced more profitable results with ir own ? Some of the best milkere, and all our finest beef cattle, have known no relationship to these Durham or Devon, or other bloods. If wc calmly reflect and consider the effects of extravagant prices paid for sheep, do we not find similar results .' The thousands of dollars paid some thirty years ago for a single sheep, is now a matter of history. The speculations of those times show how far the mind m.iy be excited by gain as well as by superstition. What has become of the golden dreams that flitted through the imaginations of our people.' We are their representatives, whose herds were to be blessed and profited ; but has it come to pass ? That the merino produces wool of superior excellence, rivalled by the South Down, is without doubt true ; hut they are not generally more valued than our stock tliat was here before th^m. Our climate, for sheep, greatly sur- passes that of England. it is not as moist, espe- cially in winter ; and it ought to have been the case, ere this time, thit our manufactories had been supplied from our own fleeces. The mutton of our country, as well as our beef, is finer in grain and better flavored than the English. What has been proved in relation to our horses, and cattle, and sheep, is true in relation to our swine. Over and over again, in almost every part of our country, where the imported breeds have been kept with our own, the latter have proved su- perior. The truth is, that men of means nnd taste have almost always turned their attention solely to the beautiful specimens of the imported breeds, and accounts of these have found their way before the public through our cattle exhibitions and agri- cultural publications, filling the eye of the amateur farmer, and diverting almost the whole attention to them. It is hoped that the time is at hand, when we shall look at home rather than abroad for excel- lence, believing, as [ firmly do, that all our domes- tic animals, whose very constitutions have been changed and become assimilated to our soil and climate, are superior to the imported for pleasure, profit or palate : and, like their owners, have ad- vanced and improved over the original stock, from being transplanted to 'he new world. If others will believe with me, and bestow the requisite care and attention, at no distant time, Europe may be looking to America for superiority in domestic animals as well as men. New Hamfsbir£. Manuring Potatoes Woollen rags hove been found to be an excellent manure for potatoes. The rags are cut into small piece-i and put under the sets at planting, and the effect produced is de- scribed as wonderful, the quantity produced far exceeding that on ground manured in the usual way. It might heighten the effect, if the rags were dipped in, or saturated with, anlimonial gas liquor. — English pap. It is with antiquity as with ancestry, nations are proud of the one, ond individuals of the other ; but if they ore nothing in themselves, that which is their pride, ought to be their humiliation. — Lacon. GEOLOGICAL DEFINITIONS. The following definitions may be useful to lomc of our readers, as explaining the meaning of lerma which frequently occur in agricultural writinga: " The primitive tarllis are four : clay, sand, lime and magnesia. Clny is called by geologists, alumina, alumine, or argilaeeous earth. Sand is called silez, silicious earth, earth of flints. Lime, as it exists in the soil, is commonly called calcareous earth. The term calcareous is not prop- erly applied to any soil, unless it will effervesce with acids. Ecrh of these earths, answer a determinate and specific purpose in the economy and growth of plants, and the perfection of soil lies in a mixture of the whole. Vegetable matter — all vegetable substances io a decaying or rotten state. Animal matter — All animal aubstancea in a pu- trifying state. Organic matter — A term applicable to both ani- mal and vegetable substances in a putrifying state. Vegetable mould — The earthly remains of vege- table substances which have either grown and de. cayed on the soil, or have been conveyed thither in the process of cultivation. Loam is a combination of vegetable mould with the primitive earths. Marl is a substance consisting of lime with a small portion of clay, and sometimes of peat, with marine sand and animal remains. It is useful as manure, and is distinguished by shell, clay and stone marl." Chicken Hatching. — Some enterprising persons in Brooklyn, L. I., have established an " institution" in that city for the purpose of hatching chickens on a large scale, which is dignified with the eupho- nious name of Polotokion. It comprises five or six long buildings, and several acres of land. They have a similar affair in England, called the Eccateobeion, which is in successful operation, and turns out one hundred chickens a day. The practice of artificial hatching has long pre- vailed in Egypt, and has recently been introduced into France. Reaumer, we believe, was the first person who succeeded in raising chickens by means of the common oven. The modern appara- tus consists of a series of flues supplied with hot water. A good deal of care is necessary in rais- ing the youngsters, as they do not prove very healthy. It is said that they have to be taken care of by the old hens for at least a month after they are hatched. — Farmer'i Gaz. Things that I have seen — I ha»e seen a farmer build a house bo large and fine, that the sheriff turned him out of doors. — I have seen a young man sell a good farm, turn merchant, fail, and die in a poor house. — I have seen a rich man's son be- gin where his father left off — wealthy; and end where his father began — penniless. — Far. Cab. 146 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, THE SILK CULTURE. The foWowing are the Resolutions adopted by the late National Silk Convention, at New York : 1. Resolved, That the full establialitnent of the silk business, as an integral part of the ordinary industry of this country, is an object clninjin? the early and high regard of every patriot and philan- tlirop.pt. 2. liesolved, That in the history of past experi- ments in prowin? silk in the early settlements of Georgia, South Carolinn, and Viroinia ; in Penn- sylvania, Connecticut and Massachusetts, inimedi- Btely preceding the Revolution, and subsequently and especially, in the larger, more general, and more successful efforts of the past few years, we have ample grounds for increased confidence in all the great principles on which the business is based. .i. Resolved, That in regard to all agricultural products, there is a broad and well defined distinc- tion to be observed between transient and perma- nent causes of failure or success — that tlie perma- nent causes are soil and climate ; and that wher. ever these are knovvn to be favorable to any such product, we should never be discouraged by tran- sient causes, operating against success knowintr that these causes operate in like manner in regard to all such products. 4. Resolved, That as American silk, in the state in which the worm leaves it, has long been known to be of first-rate quality, it is adequate proof, that the soil and climate of our country are eminently congenial to its culture, inasmuch as these two things are the permanent causes that control the quality of every agricultural product. 5. Resolved, That the silk culture demands for its successful prosecution, essentially the same climate, and the same kind of seasons, and the same kinds of upland soils as are required for In- dian corn : and, as this crop is successfully culti- vated in all the States and Territories of the Union, there is nothing to forbid, but every thing to en- courage, the co-extensive cultivation of the silk crop. 6. Resolved, That inasmuch as in America and China, the mulberry tree is found in the native forest, it is a manifest indication of Divine Provi- dence, that this country, as well as China, was de- signed to be a great silk-growing country. 7. Resolved, That in view of the experiments made in different parts of the country, as reported to this Convention, from most of the States of the Union, in feeding worms in a natural state of the atmosphere, we are happy to regard the question as /n'um/)/ianHj/ settled, that, in our superior cli- mate, the open shed, or tent, securing to our worms ampli! shade, and heaven's pure air essentially un- obstructed, is, except in very early or very late feeding, not only all that is needed in the way of building, but intrinsically better than enclosed rooms : Therefore, 8. Resolved, That 1843 will form a new era in the history of the silk culture of the United Slates. 9. Resolved, That the introduction of the foreign varieties of the Mulberry tree, and the facility wTih which they have become acclimated, and the rea- sonable rale at which they may now be procured and propagated, give to the American people every advantage for the vigorous prosecution of the silk culture. Mherens, In the feverish excitements of the years W.iH and '31), many exaggerated statements KOV.S, 1843. were put forth by persons solely interested in the tree as an article of speculation, in regard to the profits to be expected from the growing silk, and in regard to the intrinsic value of the Mulberrv tree ; and whereas, in the prostration that came subsequently over this business, the public mind was thrown into a state of complete revulsion, the great body of our people, for a time, regarding ihe whole business as a delusion, and mulberry trees as utterly worthless — fit only for the flames and the floods — therefore, 10. Resohed, That we deem it due to ourselves and to the public, in all candor to say, that the silk culture is, in our judgment, entirely feasible, and may easily become second to no other busi- ness in the country ; that when conducted with appropriate practical knowledge and skill, and with appropriate facilities, it is more profitable than oth- er ordinary agricultural pursuits ; and that mulber- ry trees, for the purpose for which they were de- signed, are intrinsically valuable. U. Rcso'v'd, That Ihe Convention deeply re- gret the loss which the country has sustained in ihe wanton and inconsiderate destruction of mul- berry trees consequent upon the revulsion above referred to ; and they earnestly recommend to the present owners of trees to preserve and multiply them with all due care, knowing that their value for making silk will, in due time, be appreciated. 12. Resolved, That we aro much gratified in he- holding the manifestations of a growing public con- fidence in the essentml merits of the silk business ; and we are herein decidedly encouraged to go for- ward in the business our.^elves, using, at the same time, all appropriate means to enlighten the public mind, and confirm the public confidence still more fully. For this purpose, we will freely communi- cate to individuals and to the conductors of the newspaper press, the results of our own experi- ence, and such other information as may be in our power to give ; exercising all due care to keep within the limits of rigid truth. 13. Resolved, That we rejoice in the liberal pro- tection designed to be given to the silk business in the new tariff; and in the fact, that this section of the bill excited no opposition from any quarter of the country, we have a pledge that the policy now establislied will remain undisturbed, and that such amendments as experience has already shown, or shall hereafter show, to be necessary, will be icadily secured ; and farther, inasmuch as our Con- gress has never imposed discriminating duties, ex- cept in favor of such products as may be brought forth from our own fields and workshops, this act is only the expressed opinion of the intelligent body that possed it, that our country can as well make its own silks, as its cottons and woollens, its hats and its shoes, its plows, its nails, and its axes. Whereas, the present tariff prescribes a duty of fifty cents on the pound of raw silk, or silk in the gum, and a higher duty on sewings and other man- ufactured silks; and whereas we are fully inform- ed that sewings and other silks can be and are iin- ported nearly ready for the market, and yet re- taining the gum, coming in under this low duty therefore, 14. Resolved, That we consider this a manifest and gross evasion of the law designed to aid the American manufacturer. 15. Resohed, That Gen. James Tallmadge, I. R. Barbour, John VV. Gill, Gideon B. Smith, Horace Pitkin, and J. Danforth, be a committee to claim of the Secretary of the Treasury the prompt correc- tion of this abuse; and, in case it should becom necessary, that they lay the subject before Cor gress at the early part of its approaching sessioi Whereas, from the returns made to the Convei tion, it appears that there has been a large increas in the quantity of cocoons raised in the countr the present season, especially at the West an South-West, so large as to give ju>t grounds t fear that many will be lost for the want of bein timely and suitably reeled — therefore, 16. Resolved, That the early and earnest attei tion of the friends of the silk cause, be directed I family reeling, and to the establishment of filatnr( for purchasing and reeling cocoons, in different h calities where they are now urgently needeil • ar that the Legislatures of the several States be ri quested to grant liberal bounties to encourage th important and essential part of the general businei — reeling silk in a manner suitable for all the v: rieties of silk goods. 17. Resolved, That this Convention are exceei ingly gratified, in witnessing, as they do on th occasion, such a rich variety of cocoons, raw silk sOHings, twists, braids, gimps, cords, riliands, ban kerchiefs, cravats, hosiery, laces, flowered tissui and brocades, in great variety for vestings, pla and flowered lustrings and many other kinds dress sillis, velvets, satins, surges, armozines, ai other silk goods, grown upon our own soils, ai under our own brilliant skies, and manufaclured I the skill of our own citizens. 18. Resolved, That our manufacturers, and oth business men, have now every reasonable encou agcment to invest, in a wise and careful manns their funds in this form of domestic labor — groi ing and manufacturing silk. 19. Resolved, That this Convention learns, wi deep regret, that, as in other kinds of Anierict- manufactures, it has hitherto been deemed nece sary to attach the foreign titles, English, Frenc and Italian, to the excellent sewings and fabrics our own silk manufactures, in order to coinmai a ready sale in our city markets, superior as the sewings and fabrics are known to be in strengt texture and durability to the foreign articles ; ai that we earnestly recommend to our silk manufa tures, now in the infancy of our enterprize, to s a pood example to their brethren in other man factures, by attaching their own name to their ov goods. 20. Resolved, That we recommend to our felloi' citizens to cherish, by their patronage, our infa silk establishments. In this, we appeal to thoi patriotic feelings which ever glow in the hearts I Americans, asking of them all a mutual pledg; each to sustain the efforts of the other, in the pr gressive developement of our mighty resource ind the attainment of a perfect national indepe dence. 21. Resolved, That the thanks of this Conve tion be presented to the American Institute, for tl appropriate and vigorous measures lliev are no taking to promote the inlerests of the silk businesi for the ample accommodations they have providt for the sessions of this Convention ; and that thi bo respectfully requested to call another conve tion similar to the present, during the next Annu Fair of the Institute. [The remaining resolutions recommend the pu lishing of the letters received, the holding of loc conventions throughout the country in Septemb' next, &c.] roi.. axii.no. 19. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 147 ItnO GRAPC AND NORTON'S SREDLING. In tlie hisl number of llie Western Fnrmor nnil irdciier, itioro is an account nf tlie first fnll exlii- tion of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society, hich tool; place in that city on the 20tli and 'ilst Sepler.iberlast. We infer from the variety of uits and flowers presented, that the exhibition as an interestin;? one, and very good for a bcgin- nj. Anionsr the names of the coininittoes we itice that of J. B Russell, Ksq., former proprietor the N. E. Farmer and Seed Store, who took an live part in the formation of our own Society, any yearH since. From the fruit report, we extract the testimony the commiltee in relation to the Ohio Grape and i compari.sou with Norton's Seedling', which, us ere has bein some doubts expressed whether the hio {rrape was distinct Irom the other variety, ay be inter'jsting to some of our readers : " The Ohio or Cigar Box (!r.:pe. — Very fine iccimens of the grape cultivated under this name, ere presented by N. Longworth and J. E. Mot- er, some of l!:o bunches measuring nine inches in nglh. As there has been some belief e.tpressed y eastern cultivators, that this grape is the same ! Norton's Seedling, of Virginia, the comniittee lok pains to examine them together, in Mr Long- orth's garden, where both were pointed out to us y Mr Sleath, the gardener. The difference be- veen the two was at once apparent and striking, n the grape shown us as the Norton's Seedling, aid by Mr Sleath to have been obtained from Mr forlon himself, the wood is not so bright a red as 1 the Ohio, and the leaf is large and entire, where- 8 that in the Ohio is three lobed ; the bud is also luch less prominent and not so pointed as in the !)hio. The bunches of fruit in the Norton's Seed- ing, were shorter and more compact, with a thick lulp. In the Ohio, tho bunches were long, very nuch shouldered, conical or sharp-pointed, and the ruit without pnlp — sweeter, more juicy and vinous n flavor, and the seeds smaller, darker colored, ind less numerous than in the Norton's Seedling. "The committee think the grape brought into loticc herp, by N. Longworth, Esq., under the lames of the Ohio or Cigar Box, a valuable and listinct variety, and well worthy of cultivation. Phis grape has a stronger resemblance to the Le Noir ivhich was also growing near ; but its bunch- es were more shouldered, more pointed, and less Kompact." men, the best educated at Cambridge, Vale Col- lege, or Brown University, were the most illy cal- cul.-ited to become agriculturists, or to return to AIR TIGHT STOVES. Dr. Bates of Norridgewock, offers, in the news- paper published there, some seasonable sugges- tlio family homestead and become other than a tions cm a particular use of this kind of Stove. Irone, or what in the farmers' eyes, was the same thing, a student. These stoves are often spoken of as admira- j hly adapted to sick and nursing rooms. This I It is gratifying however to notice, that while our [ doubt not would be the case if nurses and others would pay attention to the proper degree of hcnt and ventilation. Such I am convinced is rarely the case, and until this thing shall be better un- derstood and better managed I shall not bo a con- vert to their use in sick rooms. As hitherto man- ancient sctiools and colleges, are mainly, pursuing their previous routine of ethics, dead languages, moral philosophy, astronomy, chemistry, and math- ematics, the farmers' ' school-master' is abroad, — in the woods and fields and among the geological strata of the earth, and that while he holds a book i aged I am suru they have been anything but bene- "BOOK FARMERS." The time is fast approaching, when " hook farm- ers" will be the only men who practice agriculture to advantage ; and by advantage we mean not solely the mere benefits which they themselves re- ceive, such as a comfortible home and a good liv. ing, but such as flow out from their noble profes- sion on all sides, and imlirectly further the progress and refinement of social life. Up to a very recent period, the system of agriculture in this country, has been full of errors, and the pursuit itself fol- lowed by ignorant and self-willed men ; and we remember many a section of country even in New England, where it was a common "farmer doc- trine," that education and farming were natural en- emies. To a certain extent, this was true, and mainlv because education was so abstruse and the- oretical, and not enough practical in its applica- tion to the earthly purposes of humanity. And the matter plainly showed itself in the fdct, that young in one hand, he grasps a bit of soil or a new com- post in the other, and reasons upon the science of farming, even while he guides the plow in the furrow. The increased and still augmenting num- ber of papers, magazines, and periodicals, entirely devoted to that which is the essenceof agriculture, leads us to suppose, that though the amelioration of the farmers' condition and the added amount of his practical knowledge may be slow of attainment, both are in actual progress towards a result agreea- ble to every American. Constant drOjis of water may wear into a stone, and so the incessant efforts to inculcate correct and useful agricultural pre- cepts, must have an influence upon the farming mass, however ignorant or headstrong its compo- nent parts may be. We noticed not long since, a project for the es- tablishment of agricultural or farming schools; and the idea is one that cannot be too highly recom- mended or too often dwelt upon. Situated as we are — the possessors of a country which affords an interminable variety of climate, soil and produc- tion, and which if properly treated, must allow us complete independence of other nations, it be- hooves every man to take an interest either direct- ly or indirectly in the furtherance of correct agri- cultural doctrines. When such shall have been fully expanded, we shall see our congressional halls somewhat resembling the Parliament of England, where the ablest debater is often the greatest breed- er of fine cattle, the most capable statesman, and indefatigable farmer, and the best representative of the people, he who takes his seat redolent, (allego- rically speaking) of the aroma of newly ploughed land, or the fragrance of the barn yard. Such men as these we meant at the commence- ment of this article when we spoke of " book far- mers"— men who deem the cultivation of the earth a high and noble cnrf, to attain which, one cannot bring too many, or too powerful means. Agricul- ture in the true sense of the term, consists no less in the study of the prohhm, than in the use of the pfoio, and the solution of the one, is just as useful as the sowing of seed for the other. It is useless to prepare your ground by farming utensils, if farming knowledge dors not tell when to plant ; and unless you know your kind of ground, and what are its capabilities, it is useless to put seed to spring from its bosom. Farmers watch the weather, the moon, the clouds and the season with a show of much wisdom, but if they put heana into ficial. I feel it a duty to call the attention of med- ical friends to a subject becoming every day more important. With a thermometer, in tight rooms, it is not common to find a sick chamber in which is an 'Air Tight' at less than 70^ — fre(iuently 10° higher. Persons in health would be sensibly debilitated to be constantly in such temperature, and it is next to impossible for the sick to regain their lost strength in such an atmosphere night and day. Even to those in vigorous health, whose duties call them often into the open air of our severe, but changeable climate, the transition from summer heat to keen blasts of winter are anything but safe. The bracing effects of cold air are not realized when its contrast with the temperature of our usual abode is such as to benumb us, instead of promo- ting a vigorous reaction. If comfortable warmth is not secured by a tem- perature of about 60 to 0.5 — it would be belter to secure it by preventing its escape from our per- sons by clothing, than by raising the temperature of the general atmosphere by stove heat. Every person who uses an Air Tight stoveshould have a thermometer, and not trust the fallacy of hia own feeling for regulating his rooms. Circumstan- ces may occasion one person to suffer by heat in the same Mom in which another is uncomfortable for want of it. With few exceptions the best houses in our State, public and private, are either badly ventila- ted or not at all. Where this is to be done by lowering the sash, I wish to tell your readers of an unpatented window spring, cheaper and better than all which I have seen bearing Undo Sam's seal. It consists simply of a button in the shape of a new moon, two inches long made of hard wood one fourth of an inch thick, fastened to each sash by a wood screw. By cutting a notch in the up- per part of the frame to receive the lower end of the button, tlie window is kept up ; by loosing it, it foils to any other like notch. So of the lower sash, by ciittin? grains or notches in the front bIi- ding rod, the window may be fastened down or el- evated to any desired point." J]pples as winter food for Sheep. — App]es, if se- cured against frost, oii the approach of severe weather,°and kept during the winter in some place where not too much exposed to cold and moisture, pasture land, or potatoes where tobacco is best, may be fed, occasionally, to sheep, and especially they may as well look at a weasel as at the weath er ; the ' fitness' is a matter essential to success- ful farming, and without the study of foils, com- post, chemical action, vegetable decomposition, and a thousand other influences, agriculture will still be, as it has been, in this country, a ' botched piece of work,' not a mosaic, correct and beautiful in all its proportions. — JV. O. Crescent City. to those with young, to excellent advantage. The best mutton we ever ate, was fattened on sweet apples, and the handsomest flock of sheep we ever had the pleasure of beholding, were kept wholly, as we were informed on apples. The regular sup- ply of some sort of such succulent food, obviates the possibility of iheir experiencing the slightcsl inconvenience from tlie attacks of thirst. — Me. Cult. 148 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, WOV. 8, 1S4». MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE. Havini; made some remarks in the August num- ber of the Agriculturist, in reference to the diffe- rent breeds of cattle, we call the reader's attention this month, to selections fur particular purposes and general management. For milkers, select as large cows as can be found posses.sing symmetry and neatness of liead and limbs. The hair should be soft and silky to the touch, and skin loose. It is a matter of more moment than is generally supposed, that milch cows have a pleasant temper. An ill-natured beast will not give so much milk, and even what is obtained will be got with difficulty, and without great cautiousness she will " dry up" sooner than one of moderate docility. In the selection of a male, great shs is objec- tionable. Tliere is not a greater error with far- mers, ihan the supposition that a Inrge male crossed upon small cow3, will improve the breed fastest There are many objections to a very large bull. They are usually coarse, and difficult to keep hi, and their ofl'spring from small cows are generally more ill-shapen than themselves, and are uniformly meagre, raw-boned, uncomely creatures. There are substantial reasons for this result. The pro- duce of externally large animals, while in vitro, (in the womb,) are not fully nourished by small cows ; there is frequent difficulty in cows being delivered of very large calves ; then they always come poor ; and, in the last place, they require such a quantity of nourishment, that few small dams supply their vvan's. The most compactly built, firmly muscled, flinty horses of the world, have not been produced by large sires, but they are the produce of the little Arab, upon dams of larger size. In breeding, it is a rule from which there is per- haps no variation, that " the male gives form, and thejemale size." Hence the conduct of the most scientific breeders of England. Their object is to find a bull rather under than over size, with full points and perfection of form ; and experience teaches, that we can find at least twenty heifers of suitable dimensions for breeders where we can find one bull which should be selected. The in- dispensables for a good breeder are, first, let the animal be of the deepest milking stock ; second, medium size ; third, small bona ; fourth, full points; fifth, glossy hair; and sixth, soft loose skin. In Durhams, select an animal without a black hair or muzxle, and by all means, have him of good disposition. The next consideration is, to manage matters so that the calves shall be dropped about the Ist of April. July is the proper month for the cows to go to the bulls. Difficulty in Calving. — It is not at all iinfreqiient that cows can not bring forth, and we have known valuable animals, by neglect, to die in this condi- tion. Sometimes the cow is loo feeble for the la- borious exertion ; and again, the calf is extremely large ; in either case, a liltle gentle assistance will relieve both dam and oBspring. If the feet have made their appearance, examine if the head is between the fore legs. If it is, all will go on well ; but if the head is turned, take otf your coat like n gentleman and christian, roll up your sleeves to your shoulder, and insert your hand, and turn the calf, if necessary, or the head, forward. Then take hold of the fore feet with both hands, and as .the suffering dam exerts herself, pull gently, and in nine cases out often, the cow will be delivered in less than ten minutes. Jl/irr Calving. — Let the calf suck all it will tho first day, but at evening have the cow milked per- fectly clean. When the calf is two or three days old, separate the dam from it, but let them togeth- er three times a day. By all means the calf .should be kept fat, and when about two months old, if properly managed, and taught to eat, it should be weaned. But unless the calf receive rich food at this age, it will decline, and become so stinted In its growth as never to recover from it. In winter, calves should have a shelter, and be fed carefully. The cheapest mode of rearing any animal, is to keep it always in good condition ; and in this no farmer can be successful without con- stant perMiiai attention. Rules are too limited to make a good manager of stock ; still they often- times materially aid. Every husbandman should be one of thought, diligence, and punctuality. JlUenlion to Milch Cows. — Any one who would conclude his cows are so superior as to give an abundance of rich milk without the requisite food and attention, will be much mistaken, and his "ill luck" he may ascribe to bad management. In winter, the first study should be, comfortable quarters for milkers. A cow-house is indispensa- ble to prosperous husbandry. Each cow should have her stall, and be taught to go to it, and slay in it for her meal. It is not so important to feed su- perabundantly, as it is to give what is to be con- sumed regularly. Man learns by experience that his regular meals, of proper quality rather than large amount, are essential to sound health — the same holds good with all domestic animals. Green food is very important in winter for cows. If this can not be obtained by the way of pastu- rage, (as it cannot at tho North and East,) roots, such aa potatoes, turnips, carrots, beets, &c., will answer the purpose admirably. Cooked food is better for cows than uncooked, and less will answer a better purpose. Currying cows in winter, is essential to good health, and it materially increases the quantity of milk. This may be done, wiih very little labor, twice in the day. Cows should have good hay or rough food of some kind, at all times, and regular supplies of water cannot be neglected with impunity, and daily sailing is just as necessary to the cow as to her master. Milking is not the most unimportant matter. Women were not made to manage cows, and an ill-natured man should not enter a cow. yard. Let an active, quick-moving, attentive man, feed, milk and manage the cows. The good old Yankee plan is for the husband to make the Jire, bring the water, and "pale the cow" — [an error, with respect to the latter oper.-ition, which, in Yankee land, is mo.st commonly the toomen^s task] — while the wife sweeps the house and gets the breakfast — and really we should like to see the system adopted in the South-west. Milking should be performed briskly. A slow, lazy person, tugging slowly at a cow's udder, putn the kind creature so much out of patience that she holds lip her milk and soon becomes dry. We advise our friends to saw off the points of their cows' horns, to prevent their hooking injuriously ; by a little training of cattle while young, they will become fond of their managers — and to get the friendship of cows, especially, is an important de- sideratum, as they will give their milk more freely to one whom they like than to one for whom the have an antipathy. Last, but not least, in managing cattle, is (! keep the stables clean. The cleaning should b done once a day, where the cows stand up at nigh and if they are are in the stalls through the daj cleaning should be done morning and evcnini Let each cow have a soft straw bed for lying dowi These, to some, may appear small matters, bi if our readers who have not adopted this or a simi lar course, will try it the coming winter, and ar not amply remunerated for their extra attcntioni wc will confess we have written to little purposi Tenii. Jjgricidlurist. IMPROVEMENT OF CORN, WHEAT, &c. To the Eililor (^f the American Tarmer : I had the pleasure, a few days ago, of showini you a couple of stalks of corn.eaving until a day or two before planting, and to delay planting as long as possible, that you may have a good crop of grass to turn in, which will serve as manure. In illustration of this principle, when I was travelling, the last summer, through the State of Massachusetts, in the month of x\ugU3t, I fell into conversation with a gentleman, who remarked that a friend of his recommended to him some potatoes of an extraordinary quality, and offered him some of them to plant, but he declined the offer, remark- ing that he had occupied all his ground, and used alThis manure ; ami also, that being then very late in June, he doubted whether they would come to any thing, if planted. His friend replied, that if he had a piece of green sward to spare, to do as he had done, viz : to turn the turf over as evenly as possible, and drop the potatoes in every other furrow while plowing, turning the sod directly up- on the potatoes — the vegetable matter in the sod, by its decay, answering the purpose of a coat of manure. He performed the experiment as recom- mended, and was so well pleased with the present trial, that he ordered his men to obtain twelve bushels more and plant them in the same way. This conversation was about the 17th of August, when he informed me that the vines had com- pletely covered the ground, and that he never saw a more flourishing field of potatoes any where in his life. The soil is a dark, gravelly loam, some- what inclined to clny. Another scientific and practical agriculturist, equally wise in his own judgment, tells me by all means to turn over my green sward in midsummer, immediately after haying, for a crop of corn or po- tatoes on the following season, and in the spring cross. plow and harrow, which will make your field as easy to cultivate as one which has been plowed for two or three years. Still another says, there is but one time only when grass lands should be turned over, and this should be the last thing done on the farm in the month of November. Plowing at this season, has many advantages ; the team is in a belter condi- tion for plowing at this season than at any other ; it is a time, too, when the farmer can plow the moat ground at the least expense; and by plowing at this season, the action of the frost upon the soil tends to pulverize and make it mellow for culliva- tion, as well as to destroy the larve of injurious insects. That this subject, or when is the best time to plow grass lands, with the greatest economy of time, labor and manure, or capital, to the cultivator, i% attended with many difficulties to be answered, I am fully aware. Almost every farmer has as many difl"erent kinds of soil to plow and cultivate, as he has crops growing ; and as one kind of soil will not produce good wheat while another of a difle- rent quality will bring it to perfection, so I believe that the right time for plowing one kind of soil, is not, as a matter of course, the right time for plow- ing n« kinds of soil. Hence the following que- ries : 1. When is the best time to plow dry, grav- elly soils for a crop of corn or potatoes, with the greatest profit to the cultivator, from the least ex- pense of labor and manure ? 2. When is the best time to plow moist, heavy, gravelly soils, with the greatest profit, from the least expense, &.c. The science of agriculture has, in my opinion, advanced to that state in which its diff"erent branch- es, like that of plowing, shoulu be tested by actual scientific experiment. I hove ndvanced these opinions on this subject, Messrs. Editors, that I may, if possible, through the medium of your agricultural journal, induce some one, if not many, of its useful and highly intelligent contributors to advance their opinions, practice and experience on this subject, that there- by I may enlighten my own mind, and that the re- sult may be the means of usefulness to many of our intelligent and practical farmers. Yours, &-C. Yankee Farmer. JVeM7 York, Sept. 20, 1843. Churning Butter. — Every good house-wife knows that at limes, for some peculiar causes, (most generally extra sourness or bitterness of the cream,) much difficulty is experienced in making the cream into butter. A lady writer in the Indiana Farmer, recommends the following course in such cases. We have (says the Western Farmer,) for years used soda or salteratus for the same purpose, and found them usually successful : — '' I wish to inform my sister buller-makers, of the means I used, which so successfully removed the difficulty. I churned, perhaps, three hours, to no purpose, and then tried to think of something that I had read in the Indiana Farmer, or some other periodical. I could not remember precisely, but 1 recollected the reason stated, was the cream being too sour. I then thought of soda, (peorlash, I presume, would do as well,) and dissolved a large teaspoonfiil in a pint of warm water, and as I poured it in, churning at the same time, it changed in a moment, and gradually formeu' into a beauti- ful solid lump of sweet butter." Dignity of Labor In many portions of Europe, to labor is dishonorable. In this country, it is hon- orahl^tf, lor here an idle man is a nuisance. An au- thor says : "The American motto is industry. La- bor is honorable — idleness is dishonorable ; and I care not whether it is the labor of the head or of the hands, for they mutually aid each other. Let me, however, exhort those who are devoted to in- tellectual pursuits, to cherish on their part an exal- I ted and just conception of the dignity and value of manual labor, and to make that opinion known in their works, and seen in their actions." 150 NEW ENGLAND FARMER KOV. 8, IS ANn HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited by Joseph Breck. Boston, Wednesday, Nov. 8, 1843. SUBSOIL PLOW AND PLOWING. The Fubsail [.low has not vel been extensively opera- ted with among us; the implement having been but re- cently inlroduced. Il bids fair, however, to become of great importance to our farmers, when its value shall be more ftilly understood. Mr Smith, c.f Deanston, in Stirlingshire, England, 6rst employed or brought into general notice the subsoil plow. He was examined before the agricultural com- mittee of the House of Commons, in 1836, in relation to it : the result of this examination was the general intro- duction of " the Deanstonizing system of tillage," as it was called, into the kingdom of Great Britain. Plows of several kinds are used for the operation of subsoiling, but the expense of the English plows would be too "real for Amiiican agriculturists. At our suggestion, Mr Charles Howard, of Hingham, set himself to work, in the spring of 183tl, and constructed a subsoil plow. It was of his own invention, he not having seen the de- scription or a drawing of the English plows, at that time. He only knew what was desirable tljat the plow •hould perform, and that in the article, great simplicity and easy draft were important requisites. He succeeded in manufacturing a plow which can be afforded at the low price of ,515, while an English plow, imported about the same lime, cost $70 ; and much less power was nec- essary for the former than for the latter. Since then, Mr Howard has made some important improvements A number of gentlemen have used his plow in I his neigh- borhood, and think very favorably of it. It has produc- ed a decided improvement on those soils where there has been sufficient time to test its influence. With this plow, the subsoil or under crust oflhe earth is broken or pulverized to the depth of 12 to 20 inches, without bringing any of it to the top, or mixing it with the suifiice soil, but by the action of the air upon this disturbed substratum, it becomes, in the course: of a few years, in a fit state to mix with the surface, and a portion of it may be brought up by deep plowing, with great ad- Tani.ige ; thus increasing the depth of the soil and pre- paring the subsoil for the receplion of the roots of the plants, which all cultiviilors know extend themselves a great distance in search of nutriment and moisture. The subsoil plow requires two yoke of oxen, to do the work effectually. A common plow, wiih one yoke (two yoke in grass land,) goes before the subsoil plow, throwing out a large open furrow. The subsoil plow following, slits up and thoroughly breaks the subsoil, and the next furrow of active sr.il is thrown over the last opened furrow of the subsoil, and so on until the field is finished. Some subsoils are so firm and com. pact, that it requires a strong team to execute the busi- ness in a proper manner. In a loamy or light soil, free from stones, it is an easy task for two yoke (tf cattle. In some wet soils, subsoil plowing supercedes the ne- cessity of draining, while in others its good effects are hardly discernable until the land is properly drained. Whero there is a thin substratum, compact, impervious to water, resting upon one more porous, as is sometimes the case, by breaking through this crust with the subsoil plow, the water will settle down through it, and render the surface dry. On very cl.iyey subsoils, it has been found by experiment, in England, that the soil cannot be permanently improved by the operation. It has been established that on soils tuntammg 43 per cent, and up- wards of alumina, or ilay, ihey do not derive any bene- fit from the process, as the subsoil will run together again, and become as compact as when first moved by the plow. An experiment on what is called " slilT clay," on the red sandstone formation, which contained only 24 per cent, of alumina and 55 per cent, of silica, the subsoiling was highly satisfactory ; and it was in- ferred that the point lo be ascertained on clayey soils, was betiveen 24 i.nd 43 per cent, ofclay. It is consid- ered that subsoiling confers the most permanent improve- ment on soil in which silica predominates, also on all light and shallow soils. On old fields, which have been plowed for many years, there is often a solid cru-t formed by the repeated action of the bottom of the plow, which becomes so hard as to prevent the roots froin penetrating, or the free circulation of the water. It must be evident to all, that the breaking up of this crust by the subsoil plow, must be of great benefit, by ameliorating and increasing the fertility of the soil. " The chemical efi'ects of pulverizingand breaking up a subsoil is certninly advantageous to the plant in two w.nys, besides others with which we are, very likely, at present unacquainted ; first, it renders the soil ponetra- ble to a greater depth by the roots, or minute fibres of the plant, and consequently renders more available any decomposing matters, or earthy ingredients, which that substratum may contain; and, secondly, it renders the soil much more freely permeable by the atmosphere, rendering, in consequence, a greatly increased supply, not only of oxygen gas to the roots of the plants, but al- so by yielding more moisture, not only from the soil, but from atmospheric air; which moisture, let it be remem- bered by the cultivator, is in all weathers as incessantly absorbed by the soil, us it is universally contained in the atmosphere, abounding most in the latter, in the very peiiods when it is most needed by the plants — that is, in the warmest and driest weather." " It is perhaps, needless to prove, that the roots of commonly cultivated plants will penetrate, under favo- rable circumstances, much greater depth into the soil, in search of moisture, than they can, from the resistance of the case-hardened subsoil, commonly attain. Thus the roots of wheat plants, in loose, deep soils, have been found to descend to a depth of two or three feet, or even more; and il is evident, th ,t if plants are principally sustained in dry weather by the atmospheric, aqueous vapor absorbed by the soil, that that supply of water must be necessarily increased, by enabling the atmos- pheric vapor and gases, as well as the roots of plants, to attain lo a greater depth ; for the interior of a well pul- verized soil, be it remembered, continues steadily to ab- sorb this essential food of vegetables, even when the sur- face of the earth is drying in the sun." We might multiply quotations to show the amelio- rating benefits of subsoil plowing ; but we think every cultivator who duly considers the subject, will be con- vinced that there can be no mistake in the matter. It must be, that the general introduction of this implement will prove of immense advantage to our county. We cannot at this moment show the result of any careful ex- periment with the subsoil plow in our neighborhood as its use has been very limited, confined 10 a few cultiva- tors only ; but their united testimony, is in its favor. One gentleman who subsoiled half his corn-field, and plowed ihe other half in the usual manner, says the diffe- rence between that which was subsoiled and that which was not, was very striking — the appearance being very much in favor of the corn whore the subsoil plow was used, the aiipcrior growth of which was apparent at a distance. What difference there is in the crop have not yet learned. The experiments of the Hon. B V. French have highly satisfactory. In consequence of the use ol subsoil plow, he raised last year an extraordinary of carrots — 26 tons to the acre — and his root cropi year, are equally promising as those of last year, the exception ol some portions of his field, where th ficiancy !• attributed to the failure of the seed. W ticed on his premises the beneficial effect of pulver the subsoil, on some seedling pear trees, this year seed, and on other plants. So confident is Mr Fr of the importance of subsoiling, that he has usee plow on all the land he has cultivated tho last two y If we cannot produce much testimony in favor ol subsoil plow in our own country, we can produce f dant evidence of its beneficial influence upon the of England, where it has now come into general i but this must be deferred for another occasion. Correction. — In the article on Land Drainin, last week's paper, we said, in speaking of Mr Frei system of draining, that lie filled the diains low one, foot oflhe surface with stones ; it should have to within a foot and a half, &c. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. exhibition or trcits. Saturday, Kov. 4, 184< From the President of the Society, Dix, Passe mar, and Louis Bonne d' Jersey, very highly col and beautiful ; also the Urbaniste, Belmont, Anni Comprette, Bourre Van Mons, Alpha, and St. Mil. Pears. From E. Vose, a large basket and dish of the f Duchess d' Angoiileme Pears probably ever exhil in our rooms, not less than six dozen in number. From Joseph Coolidge, specimens o( Monsieur. Pears, from a tree 120 years old. From F. Tudor, Pears— Napoleon, "The Great known," which the committee were unanimous in ing is no other than the Beurre Diel ; St. Mid Arch .^nge, Napoleon, Marie Louise, Bonne d' Je and Duchess d' Angouleine. From John Hooper, jr., fine Beurre Diel, Beurre J al, Duchess d' Angouleme, Belle d' Flanders, and ous other Pears, without names. From Samuel Pond, fine Dix Pears. From H. Vandine, Quinces and Marie Louise Pi From John Cass, a large basket of fine Isabella Gra From O. Tittle, Beverly; fine Seedling Apple, one for name. From J. Lovett, 2d, Pears— Beurre Delberg (?) 1 beautiful Seckels, and Surpasse St. Germain ; alsi fine looking Melon. From Joseph S. Cabot, Pears — very fine specimen the Gendesheim, Count d' Michaux, Wilkinson, Lewis Pears. From John Smith, jr., Apples for a name, suppi by some to be the Minister. For Ihe Committee, JOS. BRECt VtgttaUcs.—Mr Isaac Caldwell of Beverly, preset some Potatoes raised Irom seed in the year 1639. were much pleased vviili the appearance of the ep mens ; but in this case the old adage of " the proo the pudding is in the eating," will be applicable ; shall therefore reserve our opinion of their quality u we have tried them, which we intend doing at our ei convenience, and report at some future period. Tlie Cauliflowers, by Messrs. J. Hooper, jr., am Lovett, 2d, were very fine. Mr Edgar K. VVhitaker, of Needlinm, presented so very fine specimens of Beets and Carrots. The larj of the Beets weighed nearly 15 pounds. l] For the Committee, S. WALKER 'I . •XXII, NO. 19. AND II 0 H T I C o L T U R A L REGISTER U! TIIERMOMETRU^AL. K«*p<'rteiJ (nr the New ICngland Farmer, jeoftlie riiei inometeial the (iar(i«iiof llie proprietors New En^lanil Farmer, llriglilon, Mnss. in « shaded irly f*xnofiiire, fortlieweek ending Nov. 5. .. 1S43. 1 7,A.i>l. 12, M. 5,l'.iVI. Wind. ly, 3(1 32 60 60 N. ay. 31 30 40 33 N. W. ?i.dny, I 32 40 37 N. E. duy, o 4S 53 49 N. E. 3 37 44 38 N. W. lay, 4 •^i 36 34 N.W. y. 6 1 26 32 32 N. W. (iHrOM MAKKKT— MoKtiAt, Nov. G, 1843. Heporteri ftirtlie N. K. Former. M.irkel 3500 Bee! ('ntllp, (about 2300 of which probihly beet" and 1300 stores,) 3800 Sherp and 5wino, — 500 Swine were reported last week, 800 c unsold. CES — fictf Cattle — Lnst week's prices were hard- itained, a smaller number were sold at ihe highest We quote a few extra $4 50, first quality $4 a , second quality $3 50 a $3 VJ, third quaiiiy d- 50 25. Tclllns Cattle.— MesB $3 12 1-2. No. 1, $2 62 1-2 ■es.—Tno year old $8 a 12. Three year old 17. sp— Small lots 75c. to «1 50. Wethers $1 25 to $2. nc.—" Dull." Prime lots lo peddle 33 4 a 4 for and 4 3 4 a 5 for barrows.^ Large Hogs from 2 3-4 Atielail from 4 1-2 to 6 1-2. WHOLESALE PRICES CUURENT. Corrected uith great care, weekly. EDS. Herds Grass, $0 00 to 2 62 per bushel. Red Top 50 cents, (.'lover— Northern, 00 to 12c. — Southern, 0 . I'lax Seed, Sf> 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. f7Seed,S2 23 per bushel. ;AIN. There has been an active demand for Corn shout the week, and sales to a considerable extent have made to the trade, and for eastern markets. -n_Nortliern, old, bushel 62 to 63— Southern, round V, oil, no a 00— Southern flat yellow, new, 69 a 6(1— 0. white 54 a 53— do New Orleans, 61 a ,15 — Burley in —Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 63 a 66 — Soulhirn, 28 a 30 — Northern do. 31 lo 33 — Beans, per ■I 1 00 a t 62,— Shorts, per double bush, 22 a 35 -Bran, JO. OUR. The market has been very uniform for prices g the past week, and the demand, as usual at this sea- juite active, A number of Eastern vessels, about ma- iheir last trip, are taking on board considerable supplies astern markets, and holders at the close are more firm, illimore, Howard Street, 4 mos cr. 84 75 a 0 00 — do, f, $0 no a 0 00— do. free of !;arlic, S4 62 a 4 75 — Phila- lia dn. 4 mos. 84 50 a 4 02 — h''redericksbnr5, low I'd 4 »4 62 a 4 75— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 nn a 0 nn. oraeiown, S4 62 a 5 nu— Richmond Can3l,S4 62 a4 75 Ciiy.SiiOOailOO— Petersburgh,Sfiuth side So on ao 00 Country 30 OOaO 00— nenesee.comnio-i. cash, S4 S7 a - do laiicy brands S.i 12 a 5 60 — Ohio via Canal, a 0 no — do do New Orleans, cash S4 75 a 4 87. Rye, I a 3 37— India'i Meal in bbls. «2 87 a 3 00. lOVlSlONS, There have been no sales of any great nance durinz the past week ; the stock of Pork is in r hand^, and prices are mnre uniform. The su])pUes of are larger than the demand, and prices have couse- y declined, ef— Mens 4 v\n. new bid. S7 00 a'O 00— Navy— 36 50 a — No. I, 6 00 1 6 25— do Prime $5 25 a B 60— Pork— a clear 4 mo bbl. Si 3 50 a 14 00— do Clear SI 2 50 a 13 0O Mes*, 10 50 a 11 00 — do Prime Slo 00 a 00 Oil— rio Mess oilier Slates, — a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 no 'argo do. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do dn Soo oo a 00 00 — er, shipping, 0 a Oil — do store, uninspected, 6 a 11 — do \ 11 els, a 13— Lard, No. 1, Brston ins. 00 a 00 —do h and Western, 6 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 6 a 6^ — hern and Western, i\ a 6i— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 raeal, I — do new milk, 4i a 5^. OOfi. Duty. The T.alue whereof at the place of ei- ttiou shall uot exceed 7 cts, per pound, 5 per cent, ad val. All whercal ihc value exceeds 7 cts. per pi>und, 30 per ct, nd. val, and i cts per pound. There continues lo be a good demand for most dcscrip. lions, without any important change in prices. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full Mood dn'3:t a 35~no 3 4 do 32 a 00- Do. 1-2 do 29 a 30 -1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do, unwashed, 9 a 12 — BenqiiM RIOHTON NEAR BosTON, Situated on the line of the Boston and Worcester Rail Road, 5 mites from the city. The season for transplanting is at hand, and all those who wish lo supply themselves wilh choice I'riiil and ornamental Trees, can be fur- nished at short notice wilh the finest varieties by the proprietors nf ihis celebrated nursery. Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c, &c. Catalogues may be obtained by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safety in lone voyages. Orders left at the IVew England Seed Store of J. Hreck &. Co. Nos. 61 if- 52 North Market sireel, will he delivered the day following, Lellcrs containing orders, addressed to the subscribers, J. & F. WINSHIP. October 11, 1843. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared lo furnish everf description of Fruit Trees, and OrnamenUl Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a sniialile lime lo transplant many Trees and _ Pbinis, and often limes more convenient than in SVe have as great a variety of AppIe^, fears, Cher- lunH, Peaches, liuinces, Currants, Goose ferries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer ihem at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boslon, Oct. II, 1843. CROWN I.MPERIAI.S, TULIPS, Ac. The snbsciibers have on hand and for sale a supply of Crown Imperials, Tulips, While Lillics, P;i!onies, Narcis- sus, Hyacinths, 4-c. JOSEPH BSECK sV CO, Sept. 27, 1843. CHRYSANTHEJtIUNS. The subscribers offer for sale Iwenly varielies of new Chrysanlhemums of Ihe most superb and rare sons, at 60 cents per pot. JOSEPH BRECK. &. CO. Boston, Sept, 27. nUUHAM BULL. A full blooded Short Horn— for sale by J, HRECK & GO, Nov 6. <'• spring nes, f LO% NEW ENGLAND FARivIE NOV. 8. 18431 MISCELLANEOUS. [We Imvo received from an nnonymous corres- ponJent, siitne versos of poetry (?) of an uncommon kind, fur wlucli he tiixed us ninepence for postage — a piece of imposition to which we are so oflen Bubjecled, ns to inalie it a matter of no inconside- rable consequence. Tlie humorous genius wlio •ticlis the types for us, rfqupstod, as a favor, ihnt we would permit him to " suhmil" a few remarks upon the verses, to which we acceded, and his com- rienls are subjoined. His satire and irony, though rather sharp-pointed, are so well tempered with hu- mor, that even hisvt'cdVi, we think, can hardly re- frain from smiling at the mirth-provoking strain in which he discourses. — Ed.] For the New England Farmer. LIVING WATERS. BY W. H T. " Ho ! every one that thirelelh, come ye to the xoatcrs," if'C. " Ist. lio ! ve Bons and daiigliierB, Thirsting for the strcpin of life, Conio ye to the Living Waters. Urink and be happy, Bring all those that are thirsty, Tiiat they may live fiecly." "Jforwieh, Conn., Oct. 2ith, 1843." Oy'The above, (a fair sample of the whole, and we therefore omit the other stanzas,) came to uii, as it purports, all the way from Norwich, Connec- ticut— a region far-famed for " wooden nutmegs," and not entirely free, it wouW seem, of wooden heads '. In reading the " offusion," wo were more fully than ever convinced that "much yet remains unsung" — (i. e. in this new style of execution.) It also forcibly reminded us of the Latin aphorism — " Poeta nnscitur, non fit" — (A poet is born, not made) — for there is more of ,the "stark naked" eimplicity of na/ure, and less of the meretricious "/jf ns" of aii about it, than we recollect in any other ^fji nine offspring of the (ille^itimnle ) muses, that has lately fallen under our notice. The gift- ed originator of that transcendantly sublime apos- trophe to a juvenile porker, commencing (and end- ing) with — " f>, piggy, pigsy '. Wiggy, wiggy !" and the " down-east" prodigy who thus elegantly closed a graphic description of his visit to a hill- top— " Wlic>n I eomr, down, all ' natiir ' wore A different aspect from what it 'tid when I went up about an hour and a half before" — may well fear for their laurels, in view of the tlirentenin;r genius who generously sent us the above gem to enrich our pages, with no charge for the inappreciable favor — excepting the trifle of ninepence for postage. We would analyze the merits of this extraordi- nary production, for the entertainment of our read- ers, were it not unfortunately of such a sui generis and exulted character as to be beyond the reach of criticism : — as Dr. Johnson said of a kindred pro- duction, " it defies criticism-" What the author's motive can be in treating with such wholesale con- tempt the generally acknowledged rules for manu. facturing ordinan/ poetry, we cannot readily di- vine. He is evidently of that school of radicals in Yerse, who go for "the largest liberty," — who have no afTection fur the arbitrary rules of rhyme, and who believe that the chief essential in the art of inelricnl composition, consists in iieginning- each line with a capital letter. Now, we have no posi- tive dislike for this eccentric stretch of " poetical license," — in sooth, we can applaud the free, un- fettered, soaring spirit that dii-dnins to be " cabined, cribbed, confined" within the set limits of the schools, and dares to strike out a system of its own —but we [i. e. the publishers, personated in the lype-ilicker,] have a positive dislike — yea, it is "a fixed fact' — we have o positive dislike to being made the involuntary sufferers in the amount of twelve and a half cents (and the infliction of read- ing,) for the favor of such effusions of poetic genius as that under notice, more especially as any quan- tity of the same article can be had of domestic man- ufacture, on application to the pu|)ils of any of our primary sihools, and without the cost of ninepence for postage. Our advice to the author of this rare " gem from Castallia," is, not, by any means, to give vp in his attempt to ascend Parnassus by a new read, — we would rather encourage him in his noble daring, — but we have a word of counsel for him (or her) touching the enterprise, which we commend to his very profound consideration : — it is, that when he is seized with another suc/i lamentable "fit of poetic inspiration" as he seems to have been suffering un- der when he gave birth to the production which has afforded us the pleasure of these remarks, that he immediately make known his condition to his "marm," who, no doubt, with the usual maternal discernment and kindness, will prescribe and apply the most approved remedies for Jlat-\i\ency, and both save him from " writing himself down an ass," and the publishers from being taxed with a nine- pence for the honor of assisting in conferring the degree ! All which is submitted with the utmost hon homie, The Ttpe-Sticker. Note. — It is doubtless unnecessary to say it, but we would have it fully understood that no portion of our ridicule is intended to Le applied lo the subject of the verses — for which, as a scriptural extract, we have the most exalted reverence. Strong Cement for Glass, Wood, Sfc Steep isinglass twentyfour hotirs in common white bran- dy ; then gently boil and keep stirring until the composition is well mixed, and a drop, if cooled will become a strong jelly. Then strain it tlirough a clean linen cloth, into a vessel, to be kept close- ly stopped. A gentle heat will dissolve this glue into a colorless fluid. Dishes of wood, glass, or earthen, if united with this cement, will break else- where rather than separate in the old break. In applying the cement, rub the edges which are to be united, then place thein together and hold them for two minutes, and the work is done. — Selected. Preserving Tools from Rust. — To preserve sick- les, scythes, reaping hooks, and other steel tools from rust after the season for using them, wipe them clean and dry, and hold them before the fire until warm enough to melt wax ; then take some bees-wax and rub it all over them. Then put them in a dry place, but not warm: they need no covering Stlected. Jl Good Reply. — The commissioners in the ex- cise office, London, were offended at a Quaker for replying simply "yea" and "nay" to their questions, and one of them asked him, " Do you know for what we sit here ?" "Yes," said Na- than— " for £300 a year." HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements hare heen maile Ihe past year i; form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould \ has lieen so formed as to lay the furrmo cor.iplrtely turning in every -parlide of grass or sluhbte, and icavin, ground in the best possible manner. The length of mould hoard has hf n very much increased, so that rioiigh works with the greatest ease, liolh wiih respe the holding and ihe team. The Cominillee at the late of Ploughs at Woroesler, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Plo we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhaps s the inquirer, it your land is mostly light and easy to \ try Prouty & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard orr BEGIN WITH Ma. HoWAHD's." At the above me-.tioned irial the Howard Plougb more work, with the same pawer of team, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenty: and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. drau ':;1, whil Hnwnrd Plough turned twentynine and mchalf inch the same power of team > All acknowledge that How Ploughs are much the strongest and most substan made. There has been quite an improvement made on the or land side of lliis Plough, which can be renewed wi having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise se the mould board and landside together, and slrengiheii Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from 06 to Sl5. A PI sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost 810 SO, and with cutler *l, with wheel and cutler, extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and reti the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed i Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, hy JOSKPH liRECK & C 'WILLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED VEGETAB CUTTKR. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose ol ling Kula Baga. Mangel Wurtzel, and oliie, roots, great objection to other machines, is their curing ihe into slices, which makes it almost impossible for the ' to get hold of them : this machine with a little alter cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape most convenient for the cattle to eat. It will cut with from one lo two bushels of roots per minute. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., No. 62 I Market st. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLER! Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction roller moved with a fool treader, is lound lo be a great imp ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and whe used, give universal sali.sfaclion. The rollers can be at ed lo stones hung in the common way. For sale I BRECK *. Co., No. 61 North Market street. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrumenl forte the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & C NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A. WEEKLY PAPKR. Terms, $2 per year in advane*, or $2 50 if not within eixly days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frar lubscriplions and remjliances for newspapers, wi expense to subscribers. WOTTLE AND DElfNETT, PKINTEESi 91 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NOllTH MARKET STREET, (AoBicnLToaAL WAnEHousE.) „XXII.] BOSTON, WEDNRSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 15, 1843. [NO. 80. N. E. FARMER Foi- (he N. E. Fanner. QR STOCK— IMPROVEMENT OF, &c. 1r Breck — The free discussion in the agricul- 1 journals, of the unsettled qiie-slions pertainini,' nriciilture — the best nietliod for enriching soil, ivalini crops, improving stock, &.C. — cannot be much encouraged ; and all who have experi- ! and ability, should regard it as a duty they their fellows, to contribute something toward-s inij these disputed points — always keeping in d that the end in view is truth, and that the ns employed to attain and establish it, should :haractcrized by candor and fairness. he discussion of such topics in the agricultural •nals, is rendered the more agreeable by the that it may be conducted without the inanifes- on of any of that acerbity, or the use of any of 56 reproachful epithets so common (but unneces- /) in the discussion of politics and other matters. •Error of opinion may be safely tolerated while son is left free to combat it," was the truthful in" of ■' the sage of Monticello" — and among thren of the plow, iiaviiig in view the same at end — the highest improvement of their noble no other than the most friendly feeling should st, however much one may deem another to err opinion upon any controverted point pertaining ;heir pursuit. With a perfect freedom, then, (in practice of what lave preached,] from any asperity of le.Tiper, al- V me, sir, to notice briefly some of the positions the writer cl the article copied in your last num- r from the " Farmer's Monthly Visitor," entitled )ur own Breeds of Cattle." And let me here jmise, that I should value my own views in oppo- ion to liis, far less, were they not supported others whose experience gives great weight to >ir counsel. The best means to adopt for the improvement of r stock, is certainly a matter of no secondary portance ; and all suggestions in regard to it, ming from practical men, are entitled to respect- 1 consideration. The views of the writer alluded on this subject, appear to me, in the main, to be sed on a false presumption. He writes as if our rmers were, or had been, advised (by u-hom I can- it conceive,) to get rid of all their native stock id supply its place with imported animals ! This ea pervades his article. Now if any one has ade this recommendation publicly, I am not aware ' it — though the writer treats it as if it were a atter of notoriety. I am, and have been, an at- mtive reader of the principal agricultural jour- ils, but I do not recollect such a recomiuendation (ing urged by any writer. Such a course is by 0 means nrce.tsary to the improvement of our stock, or, I might add, would it be advisable, even were feasible, and unattended with the great expense t present incidental to it — for, animals brought irect from a different climate, and subjected to ifferent keep from that to which they have been Dng accustomed, would, most probably, (as the writer says they bai'e in many instances with ue,) deteriorate. But, I repeat it, sucli a course is not advisable, nor, can I think, advised. The most ju- dicious process to accomplish the desired improve- ment, is well expressed in the following extract from a paper on the subject by Willis (iaylord, Esq., of the Albany Cultivator, whose sound opinions up- on practical matters pertaining to husbandry, have won him an enviable distinction: "Our opinion as to the true course to be follow. ed, and the one which we doubt not will be gene- rally adopted, is, for the breeder to select a full bred bull of the kind preferred, possessing those iiualities moat desirable, or indicating that they are inherent in the breed. Mucli is depending on the proper selection of the male, for it is he that stamps most indelibly his character on the progeny. As- certain whether the animals from which he is de- scended, the particular family, we mean, are noted for any particular quality, and what that may be. In the same breed, and of equal purity of blood, animals may be found in which the predominating quality differs essentially. Aptitude to fatten, deep milking, excellence in the yoke, kind hand- ling, &c., may not be prominent in all animals of a breed; and it is for the breeder to select with reference to the qualities most desirable. " Having secured bulls of undeni?ible excellence, let the breeder next select from his native stock the best cows he possesses, or that can be procur- ed— those in which the qualities of easy feeding, deep milking, and kind dispositions appear to be the most strongly marked and fixed — and breed from such coivs only, if he hopes to effect a perma- nent improvement in his stock. We have never known an instance in which such a cross did not at once mark and change the character of a stock for the better. "Let it be remembered that breeding from cross- es, without recurrence to pure blood, always de- generates; but where the first cross or half blood is bred to a full blood — a h.alf blood heifer to a pure blood bull, for instance — improvement is sure to follow." That is the true doctrine. Cross " a bull of un- deniable excellence" with the best cows that can be found among our nntive slock : such a bull is a full blood Durham or Devon. This is as far as the use of imported animals is necessary, in order to efi'ect the improvement of our stock, and it is sup- ported by both reason and experience. In choice of breeds, the Durhams for the pail and the Devons for the yoke, (and perhaps for the shambles,) is, I believe, the selection most approved by those who have had experience with the distinguished foreign bloods. The use of imported animals carried only to the above extent, no danger is to be apprehended of our climate or our keep influencing unfavorably the issue of the parents — and the desired characteris- tics of the sire and dam being once fixed upon the offspring, the improvement, (with the exercise of due discretion in subsequent crossings,) would doubtless be permanent, Speaking of "the extravagant prices" that hare been paid for foreign breeds, the writer says : " Some of the best milkers, and all our finest beef cattle, have known no relationship to these Durham or Devon, or other bloods." Is this strict- ly so ? On the contrary, were not our New Eng- land cattle originally of Devon extract, and do they not still retain some of the cliaracterislics of that breed .' Speaking of the Devons exhibited at the late Fair of the N. Y. State Agricul. Society, the Albany Cultivator says ; "It is (/left-enern/ infusion of this blonil, which enables .Vtic England to hrin by skilful propagation; but the food of the pit must be made to co-operate in effecting the des ed result. Let a farmer go into the finest whi field he can find and select the earliest and I most weighty heads for seed. This should be w washed in strong warm brine to remove all parae ic seeds, larva; of insects, &c. then rolled in qu. lime before sowing. Give one half acre, if more, a top-dressing of 20 bushels of lime, 20 house-ashes, and 40 of pulverized charcoal, addition to this dressing a few barrels of ur: would be of essential service, if equally distribul over the ground." — Buffalo Advertiser. Afutmeg Tree. — The nutmeg tree flonrishes Singapore, near the e(iuator. It is raised from nut in nurseries, where it remains till the fifth yi when it puts forth its first blossoms and shows sex. It is then set out permanently. The tr are planted thirty feet apart, in diamond order- male tree in the centre. They begin to bea the eighth year, increasing [or many years, : they pay a large profit. There is no nutmeg s son. Every day of the year shows buds, blossi and fruit, in every stage of growth to matut The nutmeg is a large and beautiful tree, v thick foliage and of a rich green color. The i fruit is singularly brilliant. The shell is gh black, and the mace it exposes when it bursli of a bright scarlet, making the tree one of the n beautiful objects of tlje vegetable world. — Selei Snarling. — For a man to enjoy himself, he r; take the world as it is, mxiad up with a thous shades and a thousand spots of sunshine — a cl here and there — a bright sky — a storm today, a calm tomorrow — the chill, piercing winds of tumn, and the bland, reviving breath of sumi He should realize, too, that he is surroiindet individuals of different dispositions and characi and take the mass as tttey are, not as he fan they ought to he. He should look up to heave gratitude for what he enjoys, and not censure for what he has not granted. Then he will ci fretting and snarling, and not before. If thei one character on this earth who deserves the pellation of fool more than another, it must be person who continually frets and snarls, and n knows a moment's peace, while surrounded every thing to please and instruct. — Selected. American Carriages. — Lord Ashburton is n pleased with his Philadelphia wagon and liari Another English gentleman followed hie exan and has recently received a wagon and har from the same city. The Philadelphia Enqi says : " VV^e have been favored with an opport ty of perusing the letter of the owner, written ^ 1, shortly after the receipt of the articles. He presses himself in terms of admiiation of the h manship of the wagon, and above all, of the 1 ness. The coach-maker he says, to whom he I them from the custom-house, was in admiratic the iron work particularly of the carriage; anc harness-maker, who came to see the harness dared it the most finished production he had examined. The writer said in England the cc such work would be enormous. The letter ceeds to state that the wagon is wonderfully and easy, and that the writer is delighted will. 9L. XXII. NO. 30. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 155 From the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. SWAMP LAND, ^o portion of a farm is more productive, or is tained in fertility at so Utile cost as that which originally been a swamp. These low situa- 18 having for a long course of time received the efils derived from the high grounds that siir- iid them in the washing down by the rains of vegetable matter, from the leaves and decayed ber which being stopped, or strained in the pas- e of the water through the swamps, accumulated ) a deop strata of vegetable earth ; and when is opened to the sun and drained by art, it ns the best and generally the deepest soil. thin the last twenty or thirty years the atten- 1 of our .'"ariners has been attracted to these pre- us waste spots, the long unmolested homes of frogs and niuskrats ; and every successful effort, all have been, has attracted attention, and kin- d new desires of imitation and profit in their re- ctive neighborhoods. And tliese, since agricul- al journals have become common, have taken a le range, and the successful efforts, on the wings the welcome sheet, have been spread coexten- e with the country. But after all of what has sn done, is there not yet much to be accomplish- ? No one can ride forty miles in our State, d not witness many spots still soaked with water, a slate of unproductiveness. How few were the Jians in number, compared to our present popu- ion ; and yet this disparity, great as it is, is not rpassed by what we are capable of, compared th the present. When all our lands shall be rendered produc- |e that now are waste, and those we now till iall be improved to their capacity, then and not itil then will New England be full ; and then the erfliiw of its population may seek new abodes herever the prospect may open before them. Ef- rts have been and will doubtless continue to be ade to hold out inducements for the virgin soil of le west and southwest ; these efforts have drawn any, and will draw more to these regions, led by le spirit of adventure and the hope of gain, sofas- nating to youth, and as we are all of one coun- y it should pain no individual that such is the ise. But ask the traveller of the whole g:Iobe, iquire of the sojourner of the west or south if he ler saw a people with a larger portion of the ele- lents of happiness, or a sweeter home than is here I fair New England. Before we go deeper upon this point, it may be ell to listen to the spot whence we started, a sen- ment that .-nany an emigrant has painfully felt ■hen sickness or unfulfilled hopes have been his, nd the poetry and romance of youth have been upplanted by sober reality. In the draining of low lands we have nothing in lis country that can compare with the efforts in Ingland made upon the fens and peat bogs of Lin- olnsliire. What we have done has been accom- lishcd more quickly, for this great undertaking here commenced even before this country was co- Dnized, and has gone on, and is going on still. fint sums of money have been expended, and large ;imntitie3 of land equal to any in the Island, have icea rendered productive. A number of rivers ailing into this level, which is as low as the ad- acent ocean in many parts, has presented great lifficulties ; but most of these by drains, dykes, ind finally by steam, have been overcome. This ast contrivance ia an enormous wheel with capa- cious buckets; this is turned by means of a steam engine, and elevates the water of a vast tract of country, which is conducted to this point by drains, over a dyke, whence it runs off leaving the fertile land in a state for cultivation. Our country is not yet so thickly settled as to justify such an undertaking even if we had a simi- lar tract of bog land. But such success is calcula- ted to animate us to accomplish what we may have to do. We have very many swamps and wet mea- dows which could be easily laid dry, at a small ex- pense of labor, which could be applied when we could do hardly any thing else. Too often we are prone to look far away for benefits that could be equalled or surpassed by others found at our doors, and it is worth the attention of each of us who has still within his fences a piece of low wet land, whether in bushes or cleared, to try if it cannot be rendered more productive, and if money could not be better applied in draining it than by the pur- chase of additional acres. Home Improvement. or two. I kept one day's milk by itself, 15 1-2 ([iiarts on the 15th June, and churned it. All the milk was churned, as it appeared to be unnecessa- ry to cream it. I had 3 lbs. 8 oz. of butler ready for the table. The next day it was also tried, and it produced 3 lbs. 4 oz. The first day above, the milk was put in two pans — the other day, only in one pan, which may have made the difference of the quarter of a pound. In September she only gave 11 or 12 quarts a day, and made JO lbs. of butler a week — further, I have not tried her milk. She was so lame during this lime, as scarcely to be able to move. She was kept on good pasture, and besides this, I fed her night and morning with a bushel of cut hay and 8 quarts of shorts, which is still her regular feed. Peter H. Scuenck. Prom the American Agriculturist. EXTRAORDINARY BUTTER COW. Mr. Schenck has given us below an account of the most extraordinary butter cow we ever heard of Yet, notwithstanding this, our readers may rely upon it as being strictly correct. To those who do not know Mr. Shenck, we can only say, that he is one of the most reputable citizens of New York, and not at all likely to deceive either himself or others. We merely make these remarks to silence all cavil. The cow in question is poll- ed, having no horns, and is evidently a three tourths bred Durham. In form, color, and several other charncteristics, she exactly resembles ani- mals which we have seen in England, bred from red Galloways by Durham bulls. She is above the ordinary size ; with a good spread of hip; a long head ; low, deep brisket ; handles well ; and shows the largest milk veins which we ever saw. Her color is red and while. She was very low in flesh when we looked at her in October, and so lame as to walk with difficulty. We much regret that she could not have been bred to a bull of deep milking family, her stock, then, would have been invaluable. Ahltetcan, Dutchess Co., Oct. dlh, 1843. The cow Emma was nine years old last spring. I got her when a calf from Mrs. Thomas Storm at Kipp's bay. She was from a cow that she had called the cream breed. This is all the pedigree that I can give. I never till the summer of 1842 kept her milk separate from three other cows which I have, and then, for experiment,! tried it only one week. She then gave 18 quarts per day, and her milk made 15 lbs. of butter. During this time she was kept on grass only. The past summer she received an in- jury in her spine, and in consequence of this had barely (he power to get up, and hardly lived through calving. On the 21st May 1 commenced keeping an ac- count of her milk, and ihe butter it made. She at no time exceeded IG quarts per day, and on the 10th June, being 21 days, she had made G5 1-2 lbs. of butler of the best quality. This was so in- credible, that I could scarcely believe my own sen- ses, although I weighed the butter at every churn- ing myself. I thought 1 would try again for a day Guano New Enterprise. For some time past a kind of secret expedition has been filled out at this port, and the vessels that have already sailed are under sealed orders, which are not to be open- ed until the ships have arrived at a given latitude and longitude across the line. In spite of the se- crecy that has been observed, it is now becoming well known that the expedition has sailed for an island said to be somewhere to the east of the Cape of Good Hope ; and the speculation is likely to bo a lucrative one to those engaged in it, for it is said that the island in question contains guano of a richer description than any hitherto known here. Several vessels have already sailed with imple- ments of every description, as boats constructed for the purpose of carrying the cargo from the shore to the ships, namely: Irishmen, barrows, shovels, pickaxes, &c. A number of other ships, all of large burthen, are about to follow. In Lon- don and Liverpool, vessels are fitting out for the same destination, but the Clyde shippers have had the start, and, we trust, will benefit by it. As the price of guano is at present about £14 per ton, the speculators bid fair to make an excellent thing of it, as they will have the cargo for the taking. We understand the speculators are two mercantile firms in Glasgow, who have chartered the vessels. — Greenock Obstrver. New York State Agricultural Societt. We see by the following extract of a letter pub- lished in the Cultivator of November, inst., that Mr. Alexander Walsh, is the originator of this valuable society. The letter was addressed to Mr. Wadsworth, President of the State Society by Mr. Walsh, as an apology for his non-attendance at its recent Fair. Lajisingburgh, Sept. 18, 1843. Dear Sir— In consequence of many urgent calls for my presence here, I have been compelled to absent myself from the Annual Fair of the Stale Agricultural Society. You may rest assured, how- ever, that the progressive annual growth of the higherto unowned child of my brain — the State Agricultural Society — now almost in its twelfth year, and brought into existence by an anonymous advertisement inserted by me in the Albany Argus of 1832, has afforded me the utmost gratification ; and my word for it, no parental exertion shall be wanting on my part to aid in bringing it to full maturity."— riot/ Baity fl'liig. Diligence is the mistress of success. Constant- ly pursuing his task, the mouse cuts off the cable. 156 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, NOV. 15, 1S43 LECTURE ON THOROUGH DRAINING AND SUBSOIL PLOWLNG, Bi) E. Smith, Esq., Deanslon, England. By tlio arrival of the last Cunard steamship, we recoived our rcfriilar files of the Mark-Lane Ex- press. We find in them various items of afrricul- tnral intelligence, some of which will be instruct- ing to agriculturists on this side of the Atlantic. We have been somewhat interested in a lecture delivered by E. Smith, Esq., of Deanston, on Tiio- rough Draining and Subsoil Plowing, before the Richmondshire Agricultural Association, probably the more so on account of having introduced these topics before our readers the last two weeks. We publish below some extracts from the lecture, which, for the greater convenience, we hare ar- ranged into sections. Importance of Drainint; the JVater from the Subsoil as tvell as the Surface. " Until within the last twenty years, the atten- tion of persons desiring to drain their land was principally directed to the removal of springing water, bursting out in various parts, especially in high ground, as in flowing over a considerable por- tion of land it became wet and was rendered unfit for agricultural purposes. He (Mr Smith,) would observe that a dry condition of the soil was the most important condition desirable, because with- out having a dry soil, it was impossible either to work it with advantage — to have the proper advan- tage of the manure, or to have any successful re- sults as regarded the crops. Land which had been termed dry, in some parts of the country, had been found not to be in that condition, and the at- tention of cultivators had been directed to the wa- ter springing from underneath. The cure for that was digging to the spring, cutting it ofl^, and hav- ing the water carried away by a drain. The ap- plication of that principle, however, was but par- tial, and did not at all npply to that sort of land composed principally of strong tillage. In refe- rence to that land, the surface of which did not so much suffer from water rising to the surface, the rain which fell upon it must find its way some- where. Agriculturists had been led to give their land a rounded form and to make water furrows for the purpose of taking oflT the rain-water by the surface, but it was quite clear that channels form- ed on the surface, could not carry off the water thus generated, except that water was above the level in running on the surface. But it was very essential and necessary that the water should not only be taken from the surface, but also be taken from the land to a considerable depth. With ttiat view, the principle of 'furrow draining,' as it was first called, but now known by the name of 'tho- rough draining,' was introduced, and it depended on that leading principle to place the channels suf- ficiently near each other as to have the eflect of carrying off the water which falls on the soil." Distance from Drain to Drain. " With regard to the distance at which the drains should be placed there was a difference of opinion. He had found that eighteen feet from drain to drain, was a very good distance. He had had experience of that fact in stiff clays and in moorish and other lands, and generally speaking, lie had Tound that eighteen feet apart was a very good distance. If the drains were made nearer to one another, so much quicker would the water get away ; but it must take a certain lime to get from the ridge into the drain; To save expense, how- between very wet and very dry, the difficul ever, he would not recommend the agriculturists would be great. But if they left it for a year to place their drains nearer than was necessary, '"'c, the plow, in dry weather, would work it eas' because the efficiency of the result was the great and effectively, and the least injury to the s point to be aimed at. Draining was a permanent ^''oi'ld be done by the trampling of horses. Vv'h improvement, and it ought to be done to produce ''"^ '3"d was thoroughly drained and subsoileJ, the best effect ; but there was no occasion to place should be laid flat, and have no ridges. The ri the drains nearer than would produce that effect." son why there should be no ridges was, that eve n- ,• r n n, • I particle of water falling on the surface passed i Dxrechon of the Drams. i 1 .1 11 ■ r ,, • ■ ■' I to the soil wbere it fell, so that every portion "Then with regard to the direction of the the land received its own proportion of wat. drains. The old fashion was, to run the drains j Water fell upon the land sometimes beneficia across the hill for the purpose of catching the wa- ! and sometimes injuriously." ter, but it was now found the best way to bring the drains directly down the field. If the same principle had only been applied in under draining as in surface draining, the farmers would have done right. In some great slips, it might be nec- essary to cross in some way as to prevent it run- Explanation of the Beautiful .Vattiral Results Thorough Draining. " He would now explain the beautiful natu results which would take place from thoroutrl; draining land. Tho whole of it would appear ning ofl^ the soil, but if the draining was properly I ^^ filled with air, and that being expelled by v executed, and by carrying it directly down the I ''^i'. '">d " beneficial effect. And he would mi hill, the best possible fall would be obtained. Some people thought the going along the hill was the best way to carry off the water, but he explain- ed th.'it drains cut down the hill were the most suitable. The way to drain the surface with the least length of drain was, to run them in parallel strips. But the most important point %vas with re- gard to the depth of drains, and a point on which there was not that intelligence in the country that was desirable. People were apt to think that in a stiff clay soil, they ought to have llieir drains near the surface of the earth, but from what he had ex- perienced, he could assure them that drains that were executed two and a half feet, would receive the water much more effectually than those which were eighteen inches deep." Best Mode of Executing the Drains, " The best mode of executing drains depended upon whether stones or tiles were the most acces- sible. He had no hesitation in saying, from long observation, that where stones could be liad suffi- ciently cheap to be broken in order to preserve the opening of the drain, they were superior to tiles, as they left a greater opening for the circulation of the air and a freer circulation of water than where tiles are used. He had had accidents from tiles, but he had never met with any accident when broken stones were used. He would advise them to take care that the turf should be wide enough, and the several portions of it to overlap each other, so as to prevent the soil from getting into the drain. If the soil to be put over the drain were two or three inches in thickness, so much the better, and the best agriculturist would be guided by observation as to what sort of soil that should be." Use of the Subsoil Plate in Opening the Soil. "In order to facilitate the opening of the soil, the subsoil plow might be beneficially applied, but he knew instances in which the subsoil plow had not been successful. However, where it had fail- ed, he found that it had been applied too soon after the drainage was effected, and when the soil was in a wet state. It was obvious that where the plow was applied in that state, an injury was done, as from the number of horses necessary to be em- ployed in dragging along the subsoil plow, the tion a curious fact, viz: that if they kept the v ter moving on the soil, it would become benefici but the moment the water was allowed to stai then it became injurious. If they wished to ii gate the land, they would produce a much grea effect by having a current than by allowing I water to stand still. But water in falling throu the atmosphere collected matters which were ui ful for plants, and ammonia, as such, was of gre: efficiency. If the soil was in a condition that quired ammonia, the water would leave the amn nia and pass through the land without it. But dependent of this, the circulation of the almosplu among the roots of plants was very beneficial, a when in any way the circulation of the air was 1 structed, the plants would not be so much bei fited as though there was a free circulation of t atmosphere among their roots. Another procn also took place after the draining had been effe ed, which was by the acticm of the atmosphe The stift' clay, after being thoroughly drained a subsoiled, became converted into mould. T mould became converted by the application of hi bandry and manure to a great extent ; but it h changed in a great degree by the action of the s and air upon the soilj the chemical action of I atmosphere on the soil changed its nature wlii possessed one great advantage, and that was, tl soil had a tendency to concentrate itself into lit masses of what they called mould, which gave t soil a quality of greatly retaining the moisture every particle took up its quantity of water, a^ acted like a sponge. These masses had a gr(i' degree of moisture to supply the plants in a d season. In the working of the soil, and in the a plication of the subsoil plough, it was of impi tance to have a good soil on the surface. Almi all subsoils required exposure to the air, before th were in a fit state to receive the roots of plants I neficially into the earth. It was a very good pi to turn up the subsoil ; he had done some thr times over with the subsoil plough, still retaini the surface soil, and the subsoil had been turn into nearly as good land as the surface soil. Th might dig down year after year, and bring up fre soil, and by that means the land would be ve much benefited. Operation of Manure on If'ft and Dry Soil. " As to the application of manure to the Ian trampling in wet weather was very injurious to the land. Some persons, however, thought it ought to : it was quite clear that the manure put into a d' be done in wet weather ; and if farmers intended ' soil, would take effect much sooner than if it hi to subsoil when the land was in a medium slate been applied when the land was la a wet stei Ol.. XXII. XO.20. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 157 py put manure into water, it had no tendency ^ (cay. If n stake was driven into the ground, wiinld find that that part which was between »nd dry, would be decayed, wliilst that part h remained in the water would be quite fresh. was because a constant choniical change was f on. Manures, straw, &c., when put into tlie and the atmospheric air admitted to them, d be more beneficial than if they were cover- I) Willi water. Some people had £ugi;ested there mij^ht be daiijjer in thorough draining, use It allowed a great part of the manure lo way. There might be some truth in that, but 'ience had taught them that manure on a dry was much more (luickly eincacious than when IS in a wet state. There were no benefits lilt some drawbacks ; and when a proper lage was effected in the soil, some of the , perhaps, might be carried off." 'tanct of having the Drains a proper Depth. Mr Smith then urged that it was a most in;- nt point to have the drains sufficiently deep, till saw in the country a tendency to form the s too shallow, and persons still attempted to id that fallacious mode of procedure by argu- . The Duke of Portland had nearly 7000 I of drainage in Scotland, 18 or UO inches be- he surface of the ground, but he was now per- / convinced that he was wrong in putting in rains so shallow. He had therefore given di- ms for his drains to be formed at a depth not r two feet and R half; and those drains which eighteen inches deep, and had not been suf- ■itly successful, had been ordered to be taken id laid at a greater depth." ly Remuneration of the Expense of Draining, ivhen well done. Mr Smith was convinced that there was no ini- sment in the science of agriculture so benefi- as thorough drainage, and there was none h would pay so well for the laying out of their lal. He had known the whole amount laid n thorough draining a field, returned in the crop ; many more in the second crop, and a t many more in the third crop. At any rate, ivhole expense would be paid in four or five s, and when the thing was done properly, it done, he might say, fur ever, such was the lanencyofthe drainage on the principle he laid down, and it was of great consequence they should have the draining substantially '. With various appliances and various skill, light be some years before they could bring and into a proper slate of cultivation, but it a great advantage lo have it properly done at first." ATTENiNs Tdrkets. On looking over sonfe papers a few days ago, we came across the fol- ng curious mode of fattening Turkeys. As nksgwing is near at hand it may prove inti-r- ig to some of our readers. — Bos. Mtr. Journal. In the winter of 1818 — 19, a gentleman in this made the following experiment. He placed a ey in an enclosure about four foet long, two wide, and three or four feet high. He exclu- as much light as lie could without preventing rcuhition of air, and fed the turkey, with soft k broken into pieces, with charcoal also bro- , and with six grains of corn per day. Fresh er was daily applied. The box or coop in which the turkey was placed he always locked up with his own hands, and is perfectly confident that nobody interfered with the experiment. At the end of one month he invited a number of his neighbors, among others, two physicians. The turkey, now very large and heavy, was killed and opened hy the physicians, and was found to be fill- ed up with fat. The gizzard and entrails were disseclcd, and nothing was found but a residuum of ciiarcoal and brick. To conclude the examina- tion satisfactorily, the turkey was ealcn, and found to bu very good. Last winter he repeated the ex- periment with the same success. The circumstance wliich induced him to make the experiment is a very curious one. One of his neighbors informed him, that being driven from the city by the fever of 1793, his family recollected that some fowls that had lived in a kind of loft over his workshop, had been forgotten in the hurry of their removal, and would certainly be starved. They were gone six or eight weeks, and on the retiring of the pestilence returned. To their great astonishment, the fowls were not only alive, but very fat, although there was nothing but charcoal and shdviytgs that they could have eaten, and some water that had been left in the trough of a grind- stone had supplied them with drink." It appears from the above that turkies are a spe- cies of biprd that thrive best on a Graham diet. — Exeter .Yews Letter. MAPLE AND CORNSTALK SUGAR. We extract the following from the Reports of the N. Y. State Agricul. Society : The committee on maple and cornstalk sugar respectfully report, that only four specimens of ma- ple sugar have been presented to their considera- tion, of which one by Joel Woodworth, of Water- town, Jefferson co., is of very superior quality, both on account of its whiteness, approaching to the best refined loaf sugar, and on account of its excellent grain and flavor. They award the first premium of S15. The second premium of $10 they award to Da- vid Dow, of Batavia, Genesee co. The third and fourth premiums they do not award, because the quanlity presented by Asahel Dow, of Bethany, Genesee co., and Charles A. Hig gins, also of Bethany, was so small as not to come within the rule of the society, requiring 50 lbs. of sugar as the quantity to be presented to entitle to a premium. The committee have great pleasure in stating that Mr. M. Adanas, of Ogden, in Monroe Co., has gone into the experiment of manufacturing sugar of cornstalks ; and for that purpose has been cut- ting, during the present season, one acre of the "eight-rowed yellow northern corn; he has con- structed an iron mill for crushing the stalk and ex- pressing the juice, which answers the purpose ad- mirably ; but it is yet too early in the season to know the result of the experiment, as a part only of the cornstalks have been gathered and manufac- tured, and the remainder are yet standing in the field. Mr. Adams has, hoivever, already made about 400 wt. of sugar, a sample of which he has sub- mitted to your committee, and which, though not yet clarified, appears to be of a fair quality, capa- ble of equalling the best of sugar made from the cene. The stalks still on the ground he thinks will make 400 wt. more sugar ; but had it not been for the excessive drought which has prevailed in his section of the country, he is satisfied that the acre planted and experimented upon by hini, would have produced 1000 weight of sugar, wliich was the rate yielded by two rods of the land which he measured ofl", the proceeds of which he worked up by itself. U()on the whole, Mr. Adams is perfectly satis- fied that sugar can he made in this part of the country, from cornstalks, of superior quality and llavor, and equal in every respect to the best su- gar made from the cane, and so as to remunerate well for its manufacture. He proposes, at the next meeting of the society, to present a full report of his present cxperinu'nt, and your committee have great confidence th'it it will be of such a nature as n t only to entitle Mr. Adams to the premium of- fered by the society, but to the praise of beinj the first to carry into aclunl operation an experiment that has been anticipated as the source of great wealth and benefit to the agricultural interests. John Greig, J RoswELL Randall, V Committee. A. B. DONLAP, ) PICKLE FOR MEAT. The following recipe for a pickle for the preser- vation of meat, was sent to us by a lady of this city, by whom it has been used with success for many years. It was originally published in the Boston Medical and Agricultural Register, for 1807. — JVew Haven Far. Gaz. " Peacock'' s Pickle for Meat. — Admiral Peacock's pickle for meat is preferable to most others v.hen applied to family beef, pork or mutton. It is made thus: Water 4 gallons; sugar (or molasses, 1 1-2 pound; saltpetre, 2 oz. ; salt, (the bay or coarsest sort) G pounds. Boil all together, and skim, &c. Then let it cool. The meat being placed in a vessel intended to hold it, pour the cold pickle on the meat until it is covered. In that state keep it for family use. The beef after lying in the pickle for ten weeks, has been found as good as if it had been salted only three days, and tender as a chick- en. If the meat is to be preserved for a conside- rable time, the pickle must be boiled and skimmed once in two months, throwing in during the boil- in" two ounces of sugar, and a half pound of salt. Thus the same pickle will hold good for many months. This pickle is incomparable for corning hams, tongues, and hung beef. When tongues and hung beef are taken out of the pickle, cleanse and dry the pieces, then put them in paper hags, and hang them in a dry, warm place. Some who have tried the method, choose their meat Salter, and in- stead of 6, use 8 or 9 pounds of salt. In very hot weather, it is necessary before the meat is put to the pickle, to rub it well with salt and let it lie one, two, or three hours, till the bloody juices run off. If the meat, in this case, is the least tainted before it is put to the pickle, it will be entirely spoiled in a day's time, in hot weather. Peacock's pickle is found so valuable that no family ought to be without it." Preserving Cheese. — For the benefit of the cheese-making sisterhood, please to insert the fol- lowing recipe, to prevent new-made cheese becom- ing fly-blown and maggoty: Take common garden peppers, and let them be well dried and pulverized, then simmered in bacon fat thirty or forty minutes. Strain the fat off" through a thin cloth, and it will be fit for use — Selected. 158 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, NOV. 15, IR4 AM) HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. cipated, we should lei the corn stand, with the expecta- tion that we should get a heavier crop. Edited by Josepb Breck. Boston, Wednesday, Nov. 15, 1843. For the New England Farmer. CUTTING UP CORN BEFORE IT IS RIPE Mr Potnam Sir I am almost seventy years of age, I the elder gentleman and one of his sons, upon agricultu but never took pen in hand to write for any paper, until LARGE CROP OF CORN. Many of our readers are acquainted with the Messrs. Hyde, of Newton, who, in iheir still and quiet way, contrive to raise as fine apple and other trees in their nursery, as can be lound in the country. We were theie a few weeks since, looking about among their trees, and at the same time having a social confab with now. My object of writing is to inform you of my way of harvesting corn, which I have practiced for twelve or fifteen years, and never failed of having good corn in the shortest seasons. I choose to have the corn glaze over, but have cut it before it had begun to harden very much, and with good success. My fashion is to cut ray com and slook it in the finld ral matters, when we came to a field of corn of remarka- ble growl h, which struck us as being uncommonly stout and heavy. We notieed that the stalks stood from 8 to 10 feet high — (we could not reach the tops by one or two feel) — and that there were two large ears on almost every stalk, and on some three. We were informed by the elder Mr Hyde, that they raised the same variety ol corn last ) ear, and on a piece of land which measured before it is fullv ripe, as a preventive of injury by frnst. j exactly one-third of an acre, 40 bushels of sound corn I lake four rows of corn through the piece, at a time, j Having stepped into the piece the distance of a few hills, I take two hills in the two middle rows, bend the tops together, and wind them round each other: then I begin to cut up from the bottom the corn from the sur- rounding hills, and set it up on the corn which has been bnnt together, until I get as much in a bunch or stook as a man can lake up at once with a fork ; having done this, I tie the tops together w ilh a band of straw, just above the ears, drawing it pretty tight. I have been led to make these remarks by reading an article in a late number of your paper. If I could go in- to a cornfield with you and cut a few rows, I think you would not cut and lay on the ground, and then take up and band any more corn. I shall request my son to hand you these remarks, which you may dispose of as you think proper. Yours, &c. CHARLES HOSMER. St. Johnsbury, Vt., Sept. 9, 1843. N. B.— Before carting my corn to the barn, I let a hoy go with a corn-cutter or sickle and cut ofT the standing hills. There will be room for the cart to pass between the shooks, if they liave been kept through the piece in the two middle rows. Remarks. — The communication from Mr Hosiner came to us a little out of season, for which he must give his son a lecture, who mislaid or forgot it. We are much pleased with this his first attempt to write for our paper, and hope we shall hear from him again, on other matters pertaining to farming, as from his many years of experience, he may suggest various things of importance to the young farmer. This mode of harvesting corn is not new to us, al- though it may be to many of our readers. We have seen the same fashion practiced in Maine, by a brother of ours, with the only exception that he made bands with the tops of stalks instead of straw. It is an excel- lent way where there is any apprehension from frost, as there often is in Vermont and Maine, and even in this Slate, in some seasons. The corn may stand in the shook with safety until snow is expected. It should be taken into the barn in a dry state. Some persons assert that there w'M be as great weight of corn when this mode is adopted, as when it is suffer- ed to stand until it is ripe before it is cut ; but this wo cannot believe, and we think it has been proved by ex- periment that it will not be so heavy— and the only benefit derived from cutting it up befiire it has become hardened, is to save it from the frost, and this in some Beaaons and in some locations, is of very great impor- tance. Where there is no danger from this source anti- were obiained, besides which thoy gathered seed corn ip the field before the crop was harvested, and with the unsound corn, enough to make a crop at the rate of 140 bushels to the acre. This, to be sure, is a great story ; but we were assur- ed it was so, and ihst there was no guessing about it; the land and the corn were measured with accuracy, and we have no reason to doubt the owners' word : the field of corn before us was a voucher for them. Part nf this field was planted next to a wood-lot of large oak trees, and the influence of these trees for a number of rods into the field, had had an injurious effect upon the corn, and some portions in the centre of the piece had suffered in the spring from the ravages of the crows, so that with these drawbacks they did not expect so large a yield this year as they had last, though some portions of it, they said, wore fully equal. They stated that the piece before us contained one acre, and that they put upon it ten cords of good manure, and plowed it in before planting. The inquiry will be made, what variety of corn was this ? We answer, that great " humbug" variety, called the China Tree. We were a little surprised when told this, for we had ourself supposed that this variety was worthless with us, from the representations which had been made respecting it, but in this Cfise we were agreea- bly disappointed. We should not rccornmeEd it, how- ever, to any person whose farm is exposed to "early frosts, but on high land like the Messrs. Hyde's, we should most certainly try it. This variety has ripened well with these gentlemen : specimens of it may be seen at our ofKce in a few days, when it will be for sale, with many other varieties, and at a price somewhat reduced from what it was when the " Tree Cnm" fever raged a few years since. PRESERVATION OF ROOTS. The cold weather of the past week has spurred up the dilatory, and many fields of roots have been dug in a hurry. The question now is, what is the best mode of preserving them through the winter ? If all were provided with good barn cellars, there would be no difficulty in the case, for in these they might be stored with perfect safety, provided they were not put away in too large bodies, so as to heat. They should be stored in bins so arranged that the air may circulate between them, and the cellar kept near the freezing point — but by all means keep the frost from penetrating. It is a slovenly and diriy practice, and very disagreeable withal, to store large quantities of ru- ta bagas or turnips in the dwelling-house cellar. We were so thoughtless one year as to do it, and our fan were very much annoyed all winter by the unpleae odor from the roots, which was sometimes inlolera There is no disagreeable smell from carrots, bi there are no conveniencies at the barn for keeping ih we should put them in pits, except a few to use in treme severe weather. It is not necessary todigtl pits very deep. A dry situation should be selected gravelly knoll is the best location, where there is siderable declivity : dig a pit about four feet wide a footto afoot and a half deep; lay the roots with tops up, in a slanting position, so that their err shall come near the surface, or it will do to throw t in without order, filling the hole full-— give them a inches of covering with straw, or sea-weed, whii preferable, when it can be obtained ; cover this w few inches of the earth, and let it remain until weather is becoming severe, when more seawei straw may be added, or earth, if the roots will n wanted till spring. Holes should be made with an bar into the pits, and then filled with straw, for the pose of giving vent to the steam from the roots an mitting air. Or the pits may be first laid over loose boards, and then covered with sea-weed al thus situated, the pits can be resorted to at any tin the winter in mild we.ithcr. The covering of the should be finished in such a manner as «o prevei. water from settling down among the roots. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FRCIT9. Saturday, J\"ov. 11, 18 The show of fruits this day was very meagre. S. W. Cole presented a specimen of' the Crown pie from Leominster, a fine, large, oblong, red frt.. excellent flavor and worthy of general cultivation posed to be a native apple ; a good bearer, and bar From Calvin Haskell, Harvard, by S. W. Cole Mother's Apple, a very excellent Apple, in eating Nov. I to Feb. 1 ; size and shape similar to the win, of a deeper red, flesh yellowish, the flavor rich. We understand, Mr. Haskell has the trees ( variety for sale. We believe this apple oiiginati the farm of the late General Gardner, of Bolton. Nathan Webster, sent in a largo, yellow, oblon; pie of good flavor, for a name, but the committee ' not ide'tilifv it with any apple known by them. The Seedling Apples from E. Otis, Kittery, Me to the society a few weeks since, were tasted by the mittee, who report that this variety can be classed with those of medium quality, and with the nuin finer varieties now known, and every year cominj notice, they think it hardly worthy of perpetuating John Cass, of Boston, exhibited a White Grape c flavor supposed to be a variety imported from Gib, and sold by Zebedee Cook, some years since. Capi. Macondray, exhibited very beautiful speeiji of the Passe Colmar, Green Sugar, Capshcaf, and ton pears. From the Pomological G^fden, Salem, Pearr thorp's Crassanne, Croft Castle, Naumkeag or S (flavor very fine,) Doyenne Bossouck, Boquiu (rath itingent) and Urbaniste. From Samuel Walker, | Vicar of Winkfield, and Duchess of Mars; the la rietv is under medium size, but the flavor very highly perfumed, and the flesh melting, and prol ced first rata. For the Committee, Joseph Bke THE FARMERS' ENCYCLOPEDIA. Wo are very much indebted to Messrs. Little & Bi Booksellers, Washington street, for a copy of Juhi Farmers' Encyclopedia and Dictionary ol Rural A revised by G. Emerson, Esq., with such alteration additions as to make it a work desirable for culli' on this side of the Atlantic. The volume will pri great service to new beginners, and will be valua a book of reference to all others. It is published i lavo form, contains 11C5 pages, and is for sale at M Little & Brown's. The English edition is very c but this IB sold at a comparatively low price. ■XXII. NO. 20. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 159 THKK.MOMETKICAI.. Kepiirledlorllie New KnehiiHl Inniier. eof tlie riiei momelerat the (iardeiiof llie proprietors y. II an 41 38 E. 12 34 86 30 N. W. (JHTOiN MARKET.— Monday, Nov. 13, 1843. Rcliorteil furthe N. E. Farmer. M.irkel 3-250 Cattle, (about 1950 of which were !3ttle and 1300 stores,; 4C00 Sheep and 1600 CES.— Beef Cattle —We quote a very small num- ttra $4 95, first quality $4 a $4 25, second qual- 3 50 a %'i 75, third quality $2 50 a $3 25. ■reUing Oittle.— Mess $3 12 1-2. No. 1, $2 62 1-2 re's.— Two year old $8 a 12. Three year old 17. ep.—" Dull." Small lots 50c. fiOc. S8c., $1 1? 1-2, , SI 33 and f 1 50. Wethers from $1 25 to $2. I'ne.— Lots to peddle 3 1 2 to 4 for sows, and 4 12 ir barrows. Old Hogs from 2 3-4 to 4 1-4. At le- lom 4 1-2 to 6. made to supply the demand, at prices which fully support our quolaiioiis. Prune or Saxnnv Fleeces, washed, Ih. 37 a 40 c— Amer- ican full hlood dn'a:! a 35— Do 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. l-2do 29 a 30—1-4 and common do 23 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 2:i-- Do. unwashed, 9 a 12-~Hengusi do 6 a8— Saxony, clean. 00 — IJuenns Avres unpicked, 7 a 10— do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lanili 2^ a 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do oo do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. The transactions during the past week have not been '.o any groat extent ; prices paid to growers at 6 a6 1-4; the market fur home use is well slocked, and no demand lor export. 1st sort Mass 1843, 11>. 6 a Cj; 2d do 4 a 5 1642,3. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed 89 to 11. EGGS, 12 a 15. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Coneded with great care, weekly. EDS. Herds Grass, 9,0 00 to 2 62 per bushel. Red Top 50 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to I2c.— Southern, 0 . Flax Seed, SP OO per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ry Seed, 32 2-J per bushnl. .A IN. The market has become quite bare of mealing and nearly all the white has been cleared off, leaving larket in good condition to receive the supplies now expected. Oats have also become very scarce, rn— Northern, old, bushel 63 to 64— Southern, round w, old, no a 00— Southern flat yellow, new, 60 a 61 — lo. white 54 a 53— do New Orleans, 51 a ,=^5— Barley 50 —Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 63 a 66 — Southern, 31 a 32 — Northern do. 33 to 35— Beans, per il 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 25 a 40 -Bran, 23. .OUR. The arrivals during the past week have been y altogether by railroad. A brisk demand prevailed erday for Genesee, and sales to a considerable extent ! made, deliverable at the depot, at S3 : and some par- were taken, to arrive, at the same price; to-day, the tet is not quite so firm; but no sales below the above : come to our knowledge. altimore, Howard Street, 4 mos.cr. 84 75 a 4 87 —do. rf, So 00 a 0 00— do. free of garlic. So no a 4 73— Phila- hia ilo. 4 mos. SJ 75 a 0 00 — Frederickshurg, low I'd 4 , 80 00 a 4 73— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00. •orgetown, S4 7 3 a B 23— Richmond Canal, So 00 a4 75 \. City, SooOailOO— Petersburgh, South side SO 00 a 0 00 )! Country 30 00 a 0 00— Genesee, common, cash, 86 00 a — do laiicy brands 85 12 a 5 50 — Ohio via Canal, g a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 75 a'5 00. Rye, 0 a 3 37— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 87 a 3 00. R0VISI0N3. The transactions in Pork have been (ly for Mess. Sales Mess Beef, according to quality, lin the quoted rates. eef— Mess 4 no. new bbl 87 00 a 8 00— Navy— 86 60 a I.— No. 1, 6 00 a 6 50- do Prime 85 2.-) a 5 50— Pork— ra clear 4 mo. bbl. S1350 a 00 00- doClear S1250a 1300 Mess, 11 00 a 12 00— do Prime 810 00 a 10 50— do Mess a other States,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00 — ter, "shipping, 0 a 0:i— do store, uninspected, 6 a 1 1 — do •y, 11 cts. a 13— Lard, No. I, Boston ins. 07 a 7^ —do ilh anil Western, 6 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 8 — ithern and Wustcrn, 5^ a G^- Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, A\ —do new milk, 4i a 54. VOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- tBtion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, ad . All whereof the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ad. val. and 3 cts. per pound. We have no change to notice in this article. The mar- has assumed a more steady aspect, and sales were AVARREN'S NUUSKRIF.S AND GARDENS, NOU.\NTr-M VALE, BRIGHTON, MASS. It is now admitted by many of the hesl Hnrticutulratlsls in Ihe country, that the .4i//ii»i)i is the best time to transplant /•>iiiV Tri-es, and tlie experience of the Suliscriler, alter re- peated, and careful experiments, has proved to him, that this conclusion is correct. In the Nurseries of the Subscriber can be found at all times, all the choicest varieties of Apple, -Pear, Plum, ] Asparagus,- Peouyand Dah- Oherry, — Peach, — .Apricot, & I lia Hoots; Flowering Shiubs, Nectarine Tree ; Grape I and Herbaceous Plants of Vines ; Rhubarb,— | every variety. Particular altcnlinn has been given to the cultivation of the STR/iWBERRY,-RASPBERRY, GOOSEBERRY, and CURRANT. Superior Plants of each variety constantly for sale. The Conservatory of the Subscriber being very e.rlen- five, his collection of VANDIXK'S KLRSEUY, CAM BRIDGEPORT. The Subscriber offers for sale a fine assort- hnent of choice I'enr, Plum and Peach Trees; ^also Gooseberry and Raspberry bushes; fine Is- abella and Calaicba drape yines, from two lo . four years old, Shrubbery, &c. U. VANDINE. November 4, 1843. SPI.BKDID BULBOIIS FM>WER ROOTS. Just received by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., from Hol- land, a large anil well selected assortment of DUTCH BULBOUS ROOTS, among which are ihe following . — Huadnths, of every color and variety. Tulips, do. do. do. do. do. Polyanlhiis JVarcissus, A'orcis.9»,v, Jonr;uills, Rmiun- culus,' .Inevwne.i, Iris, Crocuses, of all colors. Gladiolus, LiUies,Sic. &c. Those who wish for fine Bulbs will do well to call and examine the above, as they are a choice selected lot, and will give uiiiver.sal satisfaction. Orders should be forward- ed soon to the subscribers, 51 and 52 North Market Street, office of Ihe N. E. Farmer. JOSEPH FRECK & CO. Nov. I. GREEN HOUSE PLANTS is now the largest in Now England, and choicest specimens of the Camellia Japortica, the i?ose Geranium, Azalea Rho- dodendron, Daphne's, Oleanders, Lillies, Heliotrope, &c. and all the other desirable varieties of Plants can now be furnish- ed in any quantity. To purchasers of Fruit Trees or Green House Plants at wholesale, a liberal discount will be made : and all the citi- zens of Boston and vicinity who may extend to the Subscri- iier their pntronage shall have their purchases delivered in Boston free of expense. It would afford the Proprietor much pleasure to conduct all, who take pleasure in Horticulfure and Floriculture, through his Establishment, whether they visit as purchasers or not. Mr. Warren has the pleasure of slating to his Patrons that he has taken No. 1 bl the New Stores, in the Tremont Temple, opposite Tremont House— which will be fitted in unique style, where specimens of the various productions of his establishment can be seen during the year, such as rare Plants, Fruit Trees, Flowers, Fruits, Seeds, Bulbs, &c. Orders left at the Store, No. 1 Tremont Temple, Boston— or forwarded to Brighton, will meet with prompt and care- ful attention. New Catalogues will be found at the store, or they will be forwarded to all who request— by mail. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN. Nonantum Vale, Brighton, Nov. 1, 1843. 4t. NONANTCM HIL.L. NURSERY OF WILLIAM KENRICK. Apple Trees of fine sizes. Peach Trees, in exten- sive numbers and of varieties most superior, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Nectarine Trees of new and most highly esteemed kinds. Franconia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Currants, Goose- berries, Strawberries— of kinds most approved. The de- scripti\e Catalogue for 1843 will be sent lo all who apply- Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, and Honey Suckles ; yel- low Harrison and other Roses ; Tree and other splendid Poeo- nies of different colors. Also, Myall's Victoria and other new kinds of Rhubarb, &,c. iic. All orders addressed to the subscriber will be promptly attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be securely packed in malts and moss for safe transport to all distant places, and delivered in the city by the wagon which goes thilher daily, or shipped to order, or pr. rail road. Or or- ders may be left with Joseph Breck & Co. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. WILLIAM KENRICK. Nonantum Hill, Newton, Oct.f24, 1843. PRINCE'S L.INN.;EAN BOTANIC GARDEN AND NURSERIES, AT FLVSHING. \VM. R PRINCE & CO. offer for sale Fruit Trees of large size, of the most esliinuble varie- ties, and warranted exait to their names, in.oon Quinces 3 feet high, at S2ii per hundred, and 24 feet high at S16 per hundred. China Roses, 230 varieties, emliracing all the classes of Bourbon Nosette, Ben- gal Daily, Tea, Micropbylln, Banksii, Hybrid. Perpetual, Multiflora, &c., and comprising above one hundred new va- rieties not yet inserted in the American Catalogues, al the foUowin-' low rates;— 25 varieties one each lor 89; ."iO varie- ties one'each for 816 ; 100 varieties, one each for 830. One hundred Plants comprising 50 varieties, two each for 8j6. Trees Roses of 50 varieties al 89 per dozen. Chrysanthe- mums, 20 odd varieties for 85. 20 new varieties, (many sol- ling al SI each.) for 87. Chinese Azaleas, large Flowering Plants 8 varieties at 85 per dozen, and smaller Plants of 20 other new and very rare varieties at SG per dozen. Splendid Peeonies, 2S vaiieties for Sin. WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. Lin. Bot. Garden and Nurseries, ) Flushing, Nov. 2d, 1843. 5 winships' nursery, Brighton near Boston, Situated on the line of the Boston and Worcester Rail Road, 5 miles from the city. The season for transplanting is al hand, and all those who wish to supply themselves with choice Fruit and ornamental Trees, can be fur- nished al short notice, with the finest varieties by the proprietors of this celebrated nursery. Fruit Tree's, including all the varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &.c. Catalogues may be obtained by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefullv packed to insure safely in long voyages. Orders left at 'the New England Seed Store of J. Breck & Co. Nos. 51 I?- 52 North Market street, will be delivered the day following. Letters containing orders, addressed to the subscribers, J. & F. WINSHIP. October II, 1843. . FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable lime to transplant many Trees and Plants, and often times more convenient than in pring We have as great a variety of Apple.", Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can he found in the country, and offer tbem at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. CROWN IMPERIALS, TULIPS, Ac. The subsciibers have on hand and for sale a supply ot Crown Imperials, Tulips, White Lillies, Peonies, Narcis- sus, Hyacinths, duct and good management.-' If this be so, why then should wo be so solicitous — why should we desire to leave our boys an ioheritanco that turns upon them the designs of bad men, in- duces a dislike for labor, and leaves them, too oft- en, without any thing but bad habits ? Something may be given to our daughters to set them up in housekeeping when they get married, and especial, ly if they are so happy as to get an industrious man for a husband ; but is not the best fortune we can give to our boys, a good, useful education, in- dustrious "habTls, and the example of good morals? — Far. Month. Visitor. There was excellent sleighing at Concord, N. H. on the 13th inst. The snow was 8 inches deep. 162 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, KOV. 88, 1843 From the Farmer's Monllily Viiitor. QUALIFICATIONS OP FARMERS' WIVES. A writer in the Visitor, for May, speaks of the great importance of females, especially the wives of fanners, beings acquainted with all duties of a domestic liind, and bestows high encomiums upon her " who rises witli the lark," prepares suitable food for her family, &c. My opinion perfectly co- incides with hers as to the importance of a farir.er's wife to know, and that she superintend and assist in her domestic duties, so that every thing be done as it should be. Yes: I would praise her for her skill in preparing the hot cakes and early break- fast. Yet I would contend for the superiority of her, who with neatness and skill performs her rou- tine of domestic duties with alacrity, in order to spend a few hours in usot'ul reading, that she may import light and knowledge to those around her, thereby enriching her own mind, and the minds of her children, so that they may become useful mem- bers of society. Time is making vast ravages among those who take an active interest in the welfare of our coun- try. Who are to take their places ? Shall we look for them to our large cities ? Do not many of their young men live in idleness and dissipation ." Are they accustomed to that close application to study and business, wliich is necessary to disci- pline their minds and fit them for important places in government? Where, I say, are we to look for our future legislators and statesmen, but among the sons of our honest yeomen ? And does not the formation of their minds de- pend upon their mothers ? Are not the tirst im- pressions the strongest and most lasting? And are not those received from the mother? Is not the child taught the love of good and evil, and the love of God and his country, from his mother? Does he not imbibe her sentiments and feelings with the first dawnings of reason'? How impor- tant, then, that she be intelligent, and that her sentiments be correct and her judgment good. The business of farmers requires constant atten- tion through the busy seasons of the year; they have but little leisure for inttllectual pursuits, or instruction of their children, and the woman who spends some porlion of her time in useful reading and imparting the information thereby gained to those around her, does abundantly more to benefit her family, than she could possibly do in raking hay or picking potatoes. We are creatures of imi- tation, monkey-like. If a child sees liis mother take a book, he likewise will take one. If she speaks of what she reads, he will likewise, and so .imprint it on his memory. The influence of such a woman is great. It will be felt around her, and it will tell upon a generation yet unborn. Women possess quicker sensibilities and finer feelings than men, and they have more leisure for improvement. Let them improve their time to the best advantage, and we shall have an intelligent community. A man's mind is not very likely to expand or be elevated, whose wife can talk of nothing but feed- ing the ducks and chicken'^, though the ducks and chickens should be fed, and fed often, too. Pittsfield, Oct. 12, 1S43. • ACCA. LONGEVITY OF THE HORSE. A few days ago, there departed this life a mare belonging to Mr Robertson, of View Park, Both- well — her principal claim to an obituary notice be- ing the fact that she had completed the extraordi- nary age of full forty years. She came into Mr Robertson's possession in 1818, having then at- tained the comparatively advanced age of fifteen years, which completes the sum total we have sta- ted. "Jess," as she was named, belonged to the hardy Highland breed, and during the period of twentyfive years, since she became Mr Robertson's property, served him and his family — in plow, saddle, or gig, at kirk and market — with a degree of faithfulness which made her known in Bothwell and the surrounding parishes, as the very type of equine fidelity and perfection. For a long time past, " Jess" has beiMi looked npon with interest, as an animal which belonged to a race of horses that has long since passed away, and every one was anxious to show her kindness by treating her will) corn and hay. In this way, "old Jess" never became poor, but remained " dappled, sleek and glazie" to the very last — and in appearance, at least, a living contradiction to the great number of years which she had actually lived. For two or three years past she had been rather a kindly-used pensioner than a regular laborer ; but notwithstand- ing this age of ease, she was always put to any little job of work that was going, and was in har- ness the very week before her death. Indeed " old Jess" might have lived still longer, but for an un- lucky accident which hastened her demise. On Sunday week, the venerable animal was enjoying her ease in a pasture through which there runs a stream, and having stumbled into this, she was un- able to recover herself, and lay for hours before her situation was discovered and assistance came. She apparently recovered under the treatment which was applied, but was found dead in the sta- ble next morning, caused, no doubt, either by the injuries she had sustained in the pool, or by the strains to which she had been subjected when drawn out of it. " Old Jess" was buried in View- park garden, with all the honors; that is, in her own skin, and with her shoes on her feet. We have rarely heard of an instance of longev- ity beyond that of this animal; and her case may raise the supposition, that were thi.a fnithful assis- tant treated with more consideration and kindness, the average of his life might be much lengthened. In fact, this supposition is borne out by the opinion of Mr Youutt, and all others who have written on the natural history of the horse; and it is univer- sally assumed by them that we should form a very erroneous estimate of the natural age of the horse from the early period at which he is now worn out and destroyed. "There cannot," says Mr Youatt, " be a more severe satire on the English nation than this, that from the absurd practice of running our race-horses at two and three years old, and working others in various ways, long before their limbs are knit or their strength developed, and cruelly exacting t'roni them services far beyond their powers, their ages do not average a sixth part of tliat which some horses have attained, with kind and considerate treatment." — Scotch paper. Cement for Cisterns Ashes two parts, three parts clay, one part sand, mixed with oil, will make a cement as hard as marble, and impenetrable by water forever. — Exch. pap. '• You Jim ! if you do n't behave yourself, I Ml give you a good whipping" "Well, ma, I wish you would — for you have never given me any lickln' yet that I called ' good.'" From the Farmer's Cafiinel. SEEDLING FRUIT TREES. Mr Editor — I was much struck with the plan bility and apparent force of some observations o writer in the August number of the Cabinet, und the appropriate signature of "Poma," on the su ject of Jipplts — particularly the apples of Ohio, have not the article by me, but the gist of his ri soning was, that the youthiul appearance of I fruit trees, especially the apple trees of Ohio, a the fiiirness and soundness of the fruit, which hi attracted the notice even of passing strangers, » probably to be ascribed to the trees themselves I ing seedlings, or recently derived from seedii trees. He argued the probability, that "settle in Ohio from the Eastern States, had taken seeds of apples, as a matter of convenience, in 1 of scions or grafted stocks from old trees ; ! that, therefore, the present orchards of Ohio, i in fact, youthful trees. This conclusion would pear to be warranted by the theory and praci now prevalent in Europe — especially in Belgiun ' wliere they are creating, as it were, new and ai liorated varieties of fruits, by planting the seeds several successive generations, until a fine vari is obtained, worthy to be preserved and propagal They are not at all particular about the excelle of the fruit from which they take the first seed planting ; neither does the fruit from the first pli ing show much, if any, sign of amelioration; the second generation comes out with higher | mise, and a superior variety is usually cstablis in the third generation, with the peach, accord to Van Mens, and in the sixth with the apple. Knowing how observant he is of things usi in their nature, and connected with the substan interests of society, 1 called the attention of Whittlesey, himself a practical farmer of Ohio " Poma's" remarks, and received from him, v his characteristic promptness and kindness, the closed letter, which you are at liberty to publ if you see proper. J. S. SKINNER Washington, Oct. 1«<, 1843. Jludilor's Office, P. O. Department, \ Washington, Sept. 9th, 1643. j My Dear Sir — Having read your letter of date, and the article signed "Poma," copied f the Farmers' Cabinet, I shall very briefly alte to answer your inquiries. The apples in the north part of Ohio — in v is known by "the Western Reserve," and in j country bordering on the Ohio river, as far as rietta and vicinity, wliere I am best acquaintei when proper care has been taken in selecting cultivating them, are superior in size, fairness flavor. 1 have visited no part of the country wl they so generally abound. It is as uncommoi see a house without an orchard, as without a den. When trees are taken from nurseries not gra or budded, and are left to contend with weeds grass, they become scrubby ; are covered rough bark and moss, and bear small, ill-flavi fruit. Seedlings, when reared and pruned horticulturist, are in very many instances, i cious. Several years elapsed after my residence in Western country, before I saw a defectivi wormy apple. South of Lake Erie, and dis from it from two to twelve miles, is a ridge c xxh.no. at. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 163 [] of loam and sand. This, and the land be- n it and the Lake, is the best region for fruit /e seen, whellier abundance or perfection is idered. he writer under the signature of " Ponia," rais- le question, whi'ther the youthful appearance le trees and the excellency nf the apples in 1, may not be accounted for, " from llieir nuich ; recent derivation from seedlings .'" e is correct in saying, that the early settlers, icularly those who went to the northern part of ) from the Sew England States, carried apple s of the most esteemed varieties, anil there is oubt a variety of choice fruits might be solect- 1 different sections of that country, from such lings thus produced. The youthful appear- ' of the trees depends first, on age and ciilliiro ; ndly, on climate and soil. Trees of the same on the ridge mentioned, are generally more ly, smoother and taller, than they are on the lands south of it. Their roots strike deep a good soil, from which nourishment is deriv- [r Knight's theory, "that all plants of one spe- howevcr propagated from the same stock, par- , in some degree, of the same life," &.C., is hy of serious consideration and experiment, 'he result of my observations and comparisons i nat the same kinds of apples west of the moun- 9, are larger, sounder, fairer, and belter fluvor- han at the east: that young trees in a virgin produce better fruit than old trees in a coun- long cultivated. Puma's" plan of propagating fruit at the east leedlings from the west, should be put in prac- Several gentlemen would search for and d grafts, if desired. Dr. Jared P. Kirtland, r Cleveland, and N. Longworth, Esq., at Cin- lati, much skilled in horticulture, would be val- le correspondents, for extreme sections of the te, and their acquaintance in other parts, ena- 3 them to designate other gentlemen who would erfuUy render any services to that object. Phe north, east, and south are indebted to the jt for the Mercer potato, and no doubt they can supplied from that quarter with delicious, new ieties of the apple. V"/e will pay this dnss of our foreign debts as inanded, without repudiation. ELISHA WHITTLESEY. APPLES. The Hoston Cultivator, speaking of the Horti- cultural exhibition in Boston, Nov. 4, says: " Among Uie most interesting part of the exhi- bition, was a fine specimen of Hubbardston Non- such apple, from Henry H. Hyde, of i'Vamingham. This is among the finest fruits cultivated in the country, and sells at the highest price. It sold last year, in some cases, notwithstanding the abun- dance and low price of fruit, at $.> a barrel. This '. variety bears well, if the right kind be obtained, , which, in all cases where we have had the oppor- j tunity to examine, have been traced back to Messrs. Hydo, Nurserymen, of Newton. We stated last j summer, that there was a kind of Hubbardston j Nonsuch in the country, that produced fruit siini- [ lar in appearance and quality to the genuine, but which did not produce a good crop more than one year in four or five. The object of these remarks is to direct our readers to the right source for trees j and scions. This variety does not bear so much in even years as the Baldwin, but bears more in odd years. Mr H. H. Hyde informs us that he had five barrels in 1841 from a tree set 15 years ago. Most all of the apples are fair and fit for the mar- ket." It will be seen by the above paragraph what can be done in the way of raising fruit. Five dollars a barrel for apples ! Why, it costs no more to raise good fruit than it does poor, with the excep- tion, perhaps, of a few dollars for the scions. Some farmers will go or send miles for a new and valuable kind of corn or potatoes, and at exorbitant prices, but will not go a mile for a scion of a good apple, and others will not trouble themselves to graft a tree. The consequence is, instead of get- ting from three to five dollars for their apple.=, they gel from one to two dollars, and they go hard at that. We hope to see more attention paid to this, the most profitable branch of farming — Lowell Jour. PROGRESS IN MANUFAC- AMERICAN TURKS. The other day, we made a passing call on Mr John Matland, Ballard Vale, Andover, and speak- ing of the success in the manufacture of Monsse- iline do Laines in this country, he said his daugh- I ler'fl dress was of his own manufacture. I 'i'liis was the must beautiful de Laine dress we ] ever saw — the figure was in good taste, distinct 'and elegant — the colors bright and fast, and the f brie itself light, fine, smooth and strong. j Thi.s article has been declared by experienced • dealers to be superior to any imported article of the kind. The original pattern had not been in the country ton days, when its successful Ameri- can competitor had his article in the market at the very low price of about thirty cents a yard. This is certainly very coinplimeiitary to the skill and enterprise of .Messrs. Marland, who introduced this branch of manufactures into the country. We understand that about .5,000,000 yards of this article will be produced next year, increasing largely the demand for wool of a long, smooth quality, such as the Leicester or Dishley, which we recommend as worthy the attention of wool- growers. This wool, or that of the old-fashioned long- wooled common sheep, is more valuable for this purpose than any of the grade wools, and must now be worthy of the consideration of wool-growers. Every lady possessed of truly American and patriotic feelings, may, nay, should feel proud to be clad in this elegant article of American manu- facture Bost. Trav. ORCHARDS. tf your trees have moss on them, or their bark ough, scrape them now ; but whether they are |or not, take a mixture of equal parts of soft ip and sulphur, and paint the trunks from the pis as far upwards as you can reach. This will stroy the insect embryo, and preserve your trees m the girdling of mice or rats. And to destroy ; worms or ova which may be in ihe ground, dig earth from around the roots of the tree, for a V feet, and to the depth of a few inches, and sub- l the earth thus dug up, to the operation of fire ; len cool, mix with it a gallon of lime to each ie, and replace it. If you doubt the eflicacy of treatment, try it on a few trees this fall, and . will bet you a peck of " Lady's Blushes" that lu'll subject every fruit tree on your farm to the iiie operation next fall. — Amer. Farmer. Thanksgiving :mber 30. in Rhode Island, Thursday, No- BARN YARDS. As soon as the cattle arc taken from the yards to the stalls, the droppings and compost matter ac- cumulated during the season in the yards, should be carefully scraped up — not, however, to be ex- posed to the deteriorating influences of the atmos- phere, as is too often the case, but to be covered and etCciently protected, in order that the fructify- ing ingredients may be preserved and economized for future use. The practice of carting out the manure made during the summer, and leaving it exposed through the winter in situations where a larce proportion of its most valuable ingredients must inevitably be abstracted, is not only highly injudicious, but absurd. There is no surer sign of a poor farmer, than that afforded by a manure heap nakedly exposed in winter to the wasting influen- ces of rains and winds, and we always set down the man by whom such folly is practiced, as a novitiate in farming mailers, or as a sage of the "old school," and, consequently, too wise to learn. As soon as the yard has been thorougiily cleansed of the old manure, the surface should be again cov- ered to the depth of some six inches with a stratum of straw, muck, sods, and loam, in order that the stale, or liquid portion of the manure, may be there- by absorbed and preserved for future use — Maine Cult. Preserving (Quinces. — Some people prefer to preserve quinces with the cores in, but in this way the syrup will not be clear. The following ie a cheap way of preserving them, and answers very well for common use : Pare, halve, and take out the cores, and boil the parings in new cider till soft. Strain the cider, and for five pounds of -"juince-! put in a pound of brown sugar, a quart of molasses, the beaten white of an egg— clarify it, then put in the quinces. There should be rather more than enough cider to cover the quinces, as it wastes a good deal in boiling. The peel of an orange cut in small pieces and boiled with them, gives the quinces a fine flavor — Mrs. Ellis't Housekeeping. To Remove a Wart. — Touch it with a clean pea dipped in a little aquafortis, By repeating this daily, the wart will crumble, and come off" without pain or trouble. It is an excellent and safe reme-^ dy for hard, horny, callous, whitish warts ; but I"" the wart is red, fleshy, and sore to touch, do n« apply the aquafortis Selected. Thanksgiving in Vermont, December 7th, The following is old, bnt the point it contain! will strike many with force, in these hard times : Two young mechanics commenced the sail-mak ing business at Philadelphia. They bought a lo of'duck from Stephen Girard, and a friend had en- gaged to endorse for them. Each caught a rol and were carrying it off", when Girard remarked — i "Had you not better get a dray ?" " No, we can carry it ourselves." " Tell your friend he need n't endorse your not* — I 'II take it without." Thanksgiving in New Hampshire, November 39. 164 NEW ENGLAND FARMER wov. aa, 1843. LETTER FROM MR COLMAN. I The last New Genesee Parmer contains rv letter from Henry Colman, Esq., dated •' Edinburpjli, Sept. \ 2, 1843," addressed to the President of the New j York State Ajricul. Society, Bnd intended to be read at the Society's annual meeting, but did not! arrive in time. Mr Colman says: " My friends may be assured that the honorable mission on which they sent me to the old world, has received the most cordial welcome in the fath. er-land ; and that every facility is offered me for obtaining such information as may be useful to my own country. It would be strange, if there were not much in the accumulated treasures of the ex- perience of centuries, to be learnt ; and though the intercourse between the two countries is now so direct and speedy, as to put ns at once in America in possession of the improvements of European skill and science, and a common language removes every impediment to the freest inter-commnnica- tion, yet there may be obvious advantages from looking at these things with American eyes and American experience, rather than in receiving them from those who do not fully understand our particular condition and circumstances, and may not therefore be able to place them before us in a light best adapted to our comprehension or use. I am happy to find every where the kindest feel- ings prevailing towards America ; and a strong and continually strengthening conviction of a com- munity of interest, and the unnaturalness of a war or any hostility between two countries, who are in truth kith and kin of each other. Political agri- culture here occupies a great share of public at- tention. With tliat, of course, it would be wholly inconsistent with the objects of my mission to med- dle; but I can never fail to express the wish, that every impediment to the most free intercourse and the mutual interchange of their peculiar advanta- ges of climate, soil and place among the nations of the earth, were removed out of the way ; and in- stead of merely pecuniary and self-interested mo- tives, those who control the de.«tinies of govern- ment and society were actuated exclusively by the benevolrnt motives of diffu.Hing as widely as possi- ble and rendering accessible to all — the poor as well as the rich, the humble as well as the exalted, and the common laborer as well as the capitalist — the blessings which Heaven certainly designed for all. How in the present condition of society, so long under the influence of the most narrow and selfish principles, such a blessed result is to be brought about, human sagacity has not as yet pre- dicted. My agricultural friends shall hear from me in due season. In their candor, they will not demand of me that which is immature, and so might prove worthless. I shall not, 1 am persuaded, be thought to overrate the importance of my enterprise, in be- ing anxious to give them only that information which is certain, autlnntic, and useful ; but they may be assured that I shall be more impatient to give, than they can be to receive, the results of my labors, as soon as they are worthy of their at- tention." Persevere. — Many of the greatest men sprung from humble origin, as the lark, whose nest is on the ground, soars highest in the air. Narrow cir- cumstances are the most powerful stimulants to mental expansion, and the early frowns of fortune the best security for her final smiles. CULTIVATION OP CRANBERRIES. In our absence, a number of gentlemen have made inquiries at our oflice, in regard to the best mode of propagating this much valued fruit. I!ut very few experiments have yet been made, to our knowlodge, o-n its cultivation, though there seems to be but little doubt that cranberries of some kind or other may be grown in almost any soil. The common cranberry of our Middlesex and Norfolk county meadows, has become famous half the world over, without any aid from closet farmers or from chemists. This kind of fruit seems to de- light in wet grounds, and we incline to guess it will not flourish greatly in any other soils. The vines can be easily transplanted, and the task would not be Herculean to fill up an acre of soft meadow with plants enough for the whole. Were we to engage in this business, we would use sharp spades and take up sods six or eight in- ches square, from meadows where the vines are al- ready too thick. About iiCOO of these would be enough for an acre ; they would then be half as thick OS hills of corn, and would soon spread so as to cover the ground. It will not hurt an old bed to thin them out. We are satisfied, on the contrary, that digging among the old vines will aid them, as digging among strawberry vines will improve the strawberry harvest. Rakes are now made on purpose to gather the fruit, and though these rakes tear the vines in pie- ces annually, yet the product has been much in- creased by raking. A near neighbor of our own began but a few years ago, to rake a little patch of one-fourth of an acre. He obtained 1'2 bushels only, the first season ; the next year, 18 ; then 2.5 ; and so on, till his last harvest on this fourth of an acre, was 65 bushels of handsome white cranber- ries : we saw them on his barn floor. We have yet heard of no one who has injured his cranberry vines by raking. In regard to flowing, we need more experiments ; the water may generally bo kept over the vines till the middle of May. It should be kept on as long as possible, to keep the blossoms back and out of the way of frosts ; but if the water becomes warm it will kill the vines ; you see no cranber- ries in meadows that are kept flowed till June. It is better, however, to draw the water off as soon as the first of May, and after a day or two, flow attain. In ]84"2, the cranberries were very generally de- stroyed by the uncommon frosts of June, as late, we think, as the 10th. Frosts in September some- times destroy the berries, and it would be well to flow them in cold nights, where water is plenty Plousrhman. Stratoherries in JVuvember. — The New London Advocate noticed the fact that strawberries had been picked from the garden of Mr Brande^ree, of that place, and asked, '' who can beat this .'" Mr Simeon Marble yesterday presented us a bunch of ripe strawberries, just plucked from the vines in his garden, in this city. They were of two varie- ties, red and white. The New London folks will please to consider themselves beaten. — JVeio Haven Herald. Some writer, in remarking upon the failure of different tourists to give any adequate description of Niagara, very happily says, that they all at- tempt to be as sublime as the cataract itself, but the cataract is always the victor. CABBAGES ON LONG ISLAND. The American Agriculturist gives the followit description of the culture of cabbages on Long I land : Cabbages are produced from forcing houses at very early season ; the main crop, however, is n set out till the last of July or fore part of Augui On account of the liability of the plants to be d stroyed in their early growth in the field by i sects, they are sown in beds where they can easi be protected, and are then transplanted in row they find that this is less laiiorious and more ct tain than endeavoring to protect them in the fieh The land is made rich by a heavy coating of m nure, and plowed deep and harrowed fine. T plants are set out in rows, and the number occup ing an acre is from 3000 to 7000. They are reg lated according to the size of the cabbages wh full grown, as the heads will weigh from 3 lbs. 30 lbs. each. They are supplied in immense nui bers, not only to New York, but to vessels' s stores, and are shipped to almost every port alo: the American sea-bonrd from Newfoundland Mexico and the West Indies. One of the gards ers we visited, informed us, that one year wh they were very high, he netted §2600 from ni acres, after paying all expenses of rent land, cul vation and marketing ; and that he had clear .$1200 on an average for the past ten years, about the same quantity of ground. He has i doubtedly been fortunate in the cabbage cultu We know of many a farmer occupying from 300 .500 acres of land, who does not, on an averar clear half this amount; so that it is not the nu her of acres after all, so much as the crop a method of cultivation, that gives the largest pro It would be a curious paragraph of statisti could the number of cabbages be ascertain i which grow within a circle of 30 miles from tl city. They must amount to several million hea for the Horticultural Committee of the Amerie Institute, reported last year upwards of 600,000 one tour they made of three miles only. Recipe for Curing Hams. — We have bern har ed the following recipe for curing hams, by one the most eminent practitioners in thiscilv; t salaeratns is at least new to us, and we Iherefi publish it, although it may not bn a new iiirrre ent in the recipe to others. In Cincinnati, wh« large quantities of hams are annually cured, p( per, allspice, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and otl like ingredients are usually added. But to I recipe : " Cover the bottom of the cask with coarse si lay on the hams with the smooth or skin side do\ sprinkle over fine salt, and so continue until I cask is full. A cask holding 64 gallons is sni enough, and it would be better if it held 120 g Ions. Make a brine in the following proportioi 6 gallons water, 9 lbs. salt, 4 lbs. brown suf 3 oz. saltpetre, 1 oz. salteratus. Scald and set and when cold pour the brine into the cask ui the hams arc completely covered. They ehoi remain in this pickle at least three months, an^ little longer time would do them no harm." — .4n, Far. A very modest young lady recently asserted tl she once lived near a barn-yard, and that it » impossible for her to sleep in the morning, on ! count of the outcry made by a gentleman hen. ov. XVII. No.ai. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 165 r'We do not often give place in our coliiniiis 03 of any character, bnt the foliowinj illns- I so impressively the merits of a virtue wliicli ) often •' honored in the breach" rather "than observance," in man's dealings with his feU nan — (we mean that of paying small debts) — we have thoufjht it would be acceptable to our !r«, as interesting, if not profUnhh. It serves ow " iliat the whole hopes of a family may be ndent on a sun altogether unimportant to the idual telio owes it, and that in the discharge of obligaticina, benevolence is as mucli to be grat- as coiiscienciousnesa." Thanksgiving is near .nd, and who knows that this little tale may e the means of making the day a happier one ome poor family, by indiioing some one who them a small sum, to follow the worthy ex- e of Mr Davidson in the story, and thus ena- hem to have both a good dinner and additional |)n for tlianks-giving. And who can doubt, r, that many who owe the printer a " small " will be so (happily) afTected in the regions Conscienciousness" and " Benevolence," by the ng of the tale, that they " will not give sleep leir eyes nor slumber to their eyelids," until I have " squared up" with him ! So mote it be. iD. — THE DAIRYMAN'S BILL. dark and stormy morning in February, is not ne when any one, who has freedom of choice, leave a warm fireside for a walk in the shelter- streets. But with the worthy man whom we ibuut to introduce to our readers, there was no ■native. indy Patterson was a dairyman in the suburbs dinburg, who maintained his little family by sale of the produce of two cows. His wife their only child, a comely girl of nineteen, s all Sandy's household; and every member of ■ok a share of the labor which supplied their and humble wants. Their small cottage was t and clean, as were also the inmates them- es, though their countenances, on the rainy ruary night in question, betokened depressed sorrowful hearts. Heaven speed thee, gnde man !" said the wife, Sandy Patterson threw hi.-i pliiid about his shoul- s, and prepared to encounter the blast without, eaven speed ye I or else we'll be harried and led creatures. What a night, too, to gang inr.'iin! Hap yourself up, Sandy, and pu' the net firm on your head, for that wind is enough ear the coat off your back. But the trial maun made." Icr husband drew his bonnet tight over his grey 1 scanty hairs, as he was desired, and after aking a word of hope and comfort, left his use and daughter alone in their lowly tenement. Fhe dairyman was too much inured to exposure ill seasons, to feel any great distress from the Bty rain, which fell in fitful showers upon him, lie proceeded on liis way to the centre of the f. Few passengers were in the streets that ht; the many closed shutters showed that all 0 could remain within doors, were enjoying mselves in their parlor.i. Poor Sandy walked scarcely conscious of the storm, having that on mind which rendered him heedless of any per- lal inconvenience. He reached at last, one of the most .fashionable eets in the new quarter of the city, and stopped front of a handsome mansion, which, unlike the generality of those around it, was nnt closed and shuttered up. On the contrary, a brilliant flood of light came from the windoivs, and the sounds of music and mirth were audible even in the street. Sandy Patterson was the least envious of mortals ; still he could not forbear sighing as ho listened and gazed. With a slow step he mounted the stair of that abode of enjoyment, as it seemed 'o be, and applied his hand timidly to the bell. No answer followed his gentle pull ; the sound was perhaps drowned by the revelry within. Sandy pulled again, and with very little additional ener- gy. A man-servant in plain clothes, now opened the door. To the question, " What do you want ?" Patterson replied, " I am sorry to gie' ye trouble, sir : I am the milkman : I have been once or twice, of late, about the bit account for the milk that the family has forgotten; and though it's an untiine- OU9 hour, I would be greatly obliged if it could be settled tonight. I would hae been laith to trouble ye, but I am in sair want on't." The servant, who had been listening to this speech, with the door opened to the least possible extent, that the blast might not visit the interior, now asked the petitioner to enter the lobby while he should mention the matter to his master. Sandy, with many scriibbings of his feet, did as he was required, and took a chair pointed out to hiin. Here his patience, and he had a great deal of it, was not long tried. The man, having gone up stairs, returned in a minute or two with the an- swer— "It was convenient to settle the account at present ; this was an extraordinary time to come in quest of money ; he must call again in a day or two — on Saturday, perhaps on Monday." The answer was a dreadful blow to the humble dun. The sum which was owing by this family to him amounted to about five pounds ; but that sum was of the greatest consequence to him. He had already called for payment pretty near a dozen times, although lie had modestly mentioned but " once or twice," and sad necessity alone had pressed him to renew his claim on the present oc- casion. Unless he procured the sum he was in quest of, his cattle and his furniture — his all, in short — would be geizod on the morrow by legal execution, and brought to public sale. The dis- consolate petitioner attempted, in language broken by the heaviness of his heart, to make the footman aware of the state of matters ; but seeing that his words made not the slightest impression, he drew his plaid around him, and turned away from the scene of his disappointment. On returning to his home, Sandy Patterson well nigh gave way to an agony of despair. Without hearing a word from his lips, his wife and daugh- ter read in his look the frustration of their hopes. " So they hae just served you as usual, Sandy," said the wife at last. "Just the old story — call again — not conve- nient," was the husband's sorrowful reply. "What IS to be done now, Nanny ?" continued the poor man, rising and pacing in agitation up and down the floor : •' what is to be done now? I dool we are clean ruined : not even the means left to us o' winning our morsel o' meat. And you, too, Peggy, piiir thing," laying his hand on his daugh- ter's head — " tins disgrace may gar some folks slight you, and that would be sair for you to bide." " Nae fears o' that, father," said the daughter, " if William — if any body," continued she, correct- ing herself, " were to slight us for misfortunes which we could na' help, their scorn would na' vex me, sair. Who can blame you for handing out a helping hand to aid your brother.' He may be not to blame, neither, puirnian; but if a faiit can be laid at any body's door, it is to his, and no to ^%. yours, father; and the creditors that may take a' you have in the morn, are his, and no yours." " Troth, and that is true, Peggy," said Sandy, sitting down with something like composure ; " there's nae disgrace in't at least — and that's a great consolation." The poor family, though divested of all hope of acquiring the sum of money which Sandy had gone in search of, now sat down calmly to speak of their aff'airs. Twenty pounds was to be la sed. Of this they had mustered only ten pounds, and their anxiety about the account which had been sought that night, arose from a promise of the principal creditor to slop proceedings, and allow more time if fifteen pounds were paid. In this their hopes had been disappointed, as we have seen. Before retiring to seek that repose which none of them, it is to be feared, enjoyed that night, Sandy Patterson and his family knelt down as usual, and thanked their Maker for all his mercies, beseech- ing, at the same time, strength to submit to His will. The performance of this act of devotion was not without its effect in composing the spirits of the siifl'ering family, as it brought to their ininda the refreshing recollection that whatever might happen to them on this earth, there was One whose protection man could not deprive them of. We now ask the reader's company, while we re- turn to that mansion of comparative luxury, from the door of which Sandy Patterson had turned away in sorrow and sickness of heart. Several hours after his visit, the doors of that house once more opened, not to admit (}uns, but to permit the gay and fashionable to pas?, out after their enter- tainment was over. It is not with them, however, we have to do ; therefore let us walk up stairs, and enter a room now emptied cf its visitors, and ten- anted only by the ordinary inhabitants of the man- sion— Mr Davidson, his wife and eldest daughter. Davidson, let us premise, was a man of easy and somewhat indolent nature, but remarkably liable to be afTected by general impulses. The income which he derived from his profession was ample, and it was rather from a want of system in the management of his household than any other cause that poor Sandy had remained so long unpaid. Stretching himself listlessly on a sofa, he began with his lady to chat over the incidents of the par- ty, and among other circumstances to which he al- luded, was that ludicrous application of a dairy- 1 man for the payment of his bill, by which he bad been interrupted in the midst of a very profound discussion on the merits of Hertz's quadrilles. At this allusion, his daughter, a fine child of eleven years, approached, and with ii te«r in her eye, said, "Ah! but papa, the poor man was obliged to come tonight, for his cows are to be sold tomorrow for his onn debts. I heard him tell John so, as I was crossing the lobby. Poor man, he cried as he went away." ''Good heavens!" exclaimed the conscience- stricken debtor, "can it be possible? Was this the cause of his late application, which I onl laughed at ? Can any one tell me where he lives .'" Inquiry was made below stairs, but no one knew more than that Sandy lived somewhere in the south side of the town. They did n't know his last name. (Concluded on page 168J 166 NEW ENGLAND FARMER AND HORTICULTURAL Rl-.GISTER. Edited by Jogepb Breck.. BoSTOw, Wednesday, Not. 22, 1843. CULTIVATION OF MELONS. To the Editor of the New Entjland Fanner; Sir — Will ynu ho so kind h8 to give through your use- ful paper, some directions for raising Cantaloupe Melons. I refer particularly V> the green. flesned and other kinds of the small variety. Please state what kinil of soil is best for them— what manure — the lime for planting the seed, &c. I liave been very unsuccessful in all my attempts to grow this Viiriely of melons to perfection ; and if you or any of your correspondents will give me some hints on the subject, I shall be truly (hankfuL Yours, &c. V. Remarks. —'We should have been pleased to have had a statement from the writer informing us of the charac- ter of his soil and the course he has pursued in the cul- tivation of the Melon : we might then have suggested where his deficiencies were. It is difficult to raise good melons in a heavy, cold soil, in the latitude of 42", with- out the aid of artificial heal. On good loam or rich sandy soils, we have not only seen melons of the finest flavor raised, but have done it repeatedly ourselves, without any more care than is necessary for ordinary cucumber cultivation. We once cultivated a tract of land of an alluvial and very sandy soil : — to look at it, one would suppose it nearly pure sand ; but this was not the fact. It was annually overflowed, and fine sand and rich vegetable mould were yearly deposited, and this had been accumulating for ages, and attained the depth of 2 to 3 feet. On this soil we found no difficulty in cultivaiing Water and Musk Alelons of every descrip- tion, to perfection, using decomposed night-soil compost in the hill — planting the seed the last of May, as we should cucumbers. Wore we to prepare a soil to raise Ihein in perfection, we should make a composition as near this alluvial scil as we could, with the addition of some virgin lurf mould from a pasture : say one-third river sand ; one-third vegetable mould, (peat or leaf); and onelliird virgin Boil of decomposed turf from the pasture. To this we should add a good seasoning of thoroughly rotted night- Boil compost. This should be prepared in the fall and thrown up in heaps, and sheltered, and thus remain un- til spring, when it should be thrown over again two or three weeks before it is wanted. As nearly every cul- tivator has, or ought to have, a common hot-bed, we should recoimnend starting melons in that, where per- fection was aimed at. The seeds may be planted in pots, the last of April, and kept in the frame until the middle of June, when they should be turned carefully out, witliout distuibing the roots, into the prepared soil. Another plan highly recommended is, to cut sods of grass before the ground freezes hard, and store them out of the reach of frost through the winter, and when the hot-bed is prepared in the spring, place the sods in it, with the grass doivnward, and plant the seed on the inverted sods, which may be enriched with a little very fine compost, to give the young plants a start. The plants may be kept in the frame until the ground is warm in June. They can be removed with the lurf without endangering their growth. l!y keeping the plants in the frame until they become strong, they are easily protected from bugs, whereas if they are plant id in the open ground, their growth is so slow that they fjll an easy prey to the devouring insects, and it often becomes necessary to plant again, when the season is so far advanced that the chance of success is very small. The hills for melons should be about six feet distant from each i.tlier; the common soil should be thrown out to the depth of 12 Indies, making a hole sufficient to contain a bjshel (or tvvobu.sliels would be preferable,) of the prepared soil, with which it should be filled. In this tlie plants from the pot or turf may be carefully planted, shading them w'ith a flower-pot or box, until they establish themselves, giving them a little water after planting. When the plants have acquired strength and the danger from insects is over, and the rouirh leaves produced, ihey should be thinned out to three in each liill^some s .y to one single plant. As soon as the plant spieads into branches, it should be stopped by pinching off tho first runner bud. This has a tendency to strengthen the plant and bring it in- to early bearing. When the fruit begins to swell, flat stones should be laid under each one : this retains ihe heat, and accelerates the ripening. New seed is not considered by practical gardeners, fit to plant, as it produces plants which are prone to " run to vine," as it is termed, without producing much fruit. Not only melon but all vine seed should be at least four or five years old before it is planted : it is preferred by some even at the age of ten years; in this case, it is more tardy, and less sure in vegetating. We have found the green-fleshed melons and other fine sorts more difficult to raise in perfection, than the common old fashion Musk and the large Cantaloupe; with the same treatment, the latter varieties have ripen- ed seasonably, while the former have been nearly worth- less ; but this was where no particular pains were taken with either variety. Where we have been located for the last seven years, our soil is not naturally the bestfor melons, being deficient in sand ; and having many other thing to attend to, we have not given any particular at- tention to this branch of culture, leaving it with our hired men to plant the seeds in iheir own way. The result generally has been, that our melons just begin to get ripe when the frost comes — a long time after we have been abundantly supplied from the market at 6 1-4 cents each. Mr William Cobbett, who wrote a treatise on garden- ing some twenty years since, ridicules the idea of old seeds being better than new, and says : " As to the no- tion that seeds can be the better for being old, even more than a year old, I hold it to be monstrously ab- surd ; and this opinion 1 give as the result of long expe- rience, most attentive observation, and numerous experi- ments, made for the express purpose of ascertaining the fact. Yet, it is a received opinion, a thing taken for granted, an axiom in horticulture, that melon seed is better for being old. Mr Marshall, author of an Eng- lish work on gardening, says that it ought to be • ahovt four years old, though some prefer it much older' — and he afterwards observes, Ihit 'if new seed only can be had, it should be carried a week or two in the breeches' pocket, to dry away some of Ihe more watery (larticles '! Wliat (continues Cobbett,) should we do here, where no breeches are worn i If age be a recommendation in rules as well as in melon seed, this rule has it ; for, English authors published it, and French authors laugh- ed at it, more than a century past." Notwithstanding Mr Cobbett's opinion, we shonid re- commend old seed, (n the strength of the practice of all our best gardeners, as well as of our own experience and observation. We have made no|mention in this article of the pro- cess of forcing melons by artificial heat, supposing that our correspondent is confined to common oul-iloor cul- NOV. 83, 18«; ture. It requires much attention and skill to bring ward melons and cucumbers under glass, and nu i should attempt it unless he Is provided with suits, conveniences, and either acquainted with the art hiini or has some one in his employ who perfectly understn the business, otherwise ho will labor in vain, and I his melons, if he gets any, rather expensive. CHINA TREE CORN. Specimens of the Messrs. Hydes' corn, mentioned our last paper, may now be seen at the N. E. Fan office. It is perfectly ripened, the ears large and f and Ihe tips completely covered. This variety has parently improved or become acclimated with us. shall be cautious in recommending it for general cult tion, but we sliould like to see it tried in various li lions, on a small scale. On high ground, in a w soil, and not exposed to early frost, we have no do from what we saw at Capt. Hyde's, that a large ( may be obtained, if well manured and attended to, a: corn crops should be. Some will object lo the cole the corn, as there is a prejudice against white cor Massachusetts. In Rhode Island, we believe, the \ is preferred. The China Tree Corn is apparently a mixture of White Flint, and of some of the Southern vario This cross has produced an improved variety valu. on account of its great luxuriance and fertility, but sufficiently early for general cultivation in our latit We would now suggest that there be experiments I by those who have leisure, with this and other varii of corn by mixture, or crossing. For instance, lake the China Tree Corn and the ! ton, or the Higligale, or any other desirable variety, plant together in the same field, half of one variety half of the other. Thus a Tariety may be produced more productive and at the same time sufficiently ec If a very early variety was used, it would be neces to defer planting it until the later variety was u| otherwise it would mature before Ihe late variety its farina. It should be so arranged as lo bring each riety into flower at the same time. Every other might be planted with [he late variety, and tlie early ricty planted in the vacant rows at such time as w bring the two varieties together at the critical perio( intermixing. It will not cost mucli to try the ex| ment. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. Saturday, Mv. ]8, 184 From Mr Oliver, Brookline ; extra specimens of Pears. From the Pomological Garden, Salem : Pears — Br lieurre, Heurre d' Arembiirg, Beu rre Uronze, Ijezi i Motte, Dix, and Pears wiihuut name. From J. L. L. F. Warren, two dishes fine Nnpoi Pears. * From S. W. Cole, the Mother's Apple. From J. lireck, the Wine Apple. Flowers. — From J. L. L. F. Warren ; four hands Bouquets, containing Camellias, Chrysanthemums, via splendens, &c. Also, fine Pansies. For the Committee, JOS. BRECll VARIETIES OF CORN WANTED. As we are making up a lillle assortment of coi si'nd to Europe, we should like from some of friends, one dozen ears of tlie deep red variety of t a few of the beautifully mottled or mixed, betweer red and yellow, and a few dozen of tlie black pare corn. We sliould prefer it with the husks on. Jl Great Mistake. — We copied some time since lit a Western New York paper a statement making th i- ceipts at the Fair of the N. Y. Slate AgricuL Soc »' $24,000 : it should have been $2400. XXII, NO. ai. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 167 TllER.MOMETRirAl.. Reporled Torlhe New CnglnnIoriheru do. 33 to 33 — Beans, per el 1 00 a I 62.— Shorts, per double hush. 25 a 35 — Bran, 20. LOUR. There is a very little doing in the article at mmediale close. We think the feeling for a day or past has been rather downward, owing to the unplea- weather and the tendency of New York market to r prices. altimorc, Howard Street, 4 mus. cr. S4 75 a 4 87 — do. rf, SO 00 a 0 00 — do. free of garlic. tO 00 a 4 75 — Phila- hia ilo. 4 mos. S4 75 a 0 00 — Kredericksburg, low I'd 4 *0 uo a 4 75 — .Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 00. sorgetown, 84 75 a 5 25 — Richmond Canal, 30 00 a 4 75 . City, tonOacioo— Petershurgh.South side 80 00 a U 00 . Country 80 00 a 0 00 — Genesee, common, cash, $4 94 a — do faiicy brands S3 12 a 5 50 — Ohio via Canal, 0 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash 44 75 a 5 00. Rye, 0 a 3 37— Indian Meal in bids. S2 87 a 3 00. ROVISIONS. The principal operations of the week : been for Eastern markets, previous to the closing of river. The sales of Pork, for clear, have been at a iit advance, and other kinds at former quotations. eef— Mess 4 i lo. new l.hl. $7 00 a 8 00— Navy— 30 50 a .—No. 1, 6 00 1 6 50— do Prime S3 25 a 5 50— Pork— ra clear 4 mo. bbl. 813 50 a 14 00— do Clear S12 50a 13 00 Mess, 11 00 a 12 00— do Prime »10 00 a 10 50— do Mess 1 other Slates,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do do 800 00 a 00 00— ter, shipping, 0 a 0 ' — do store, uninspected, 6 a 11 — do y, it CIS. a 13— Lard, No. 1, I5oston ins. 07 a 7\ — do Ih and Western, 6 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 8 — ihern and Western, 5j a 6^ — Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4l —do new milk, 4i a 5^. ,\\insiiips' .n'crsery, Brighton near Bosto.v, Situated on the line of the Boston and Worcester Rail Road, 5 miles from the city. The season for transplanting is at hand, and all those who wish to supply thcm>elves with choice Fruit and ornamental 'i'rees, can be fur- nished at short notice with the finest varietiea by the proprietors of this celebrated nursery. Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of Pears, Peache*, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries. &c. &c. Catalogues may he obtained hy applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safety in long voyages. Orders left at the New Encland Seed Store ot J. breck ft Co. Nos. 51 4" 52 North Market street, will he delivered the day following. Letters containing orders, addressed to the subscribers, J. &F. WINSHIP. October 11, 1843. ■VVARREN'S XrRSERIF.S AND GARDENS, KOMASTl'M VALE, BRIGHTON, MASS. It is now admitted by many of the best Horticutulralists in the country, that the Autumn is the best time to transplant Fruit Trees, and the experience of Ihe Subscriber, after re- peated, and careful experiments, has proved lo him, that this (^elusion is correct. Ill the Nurseries of the Subscriber can be found at all limes, all the clioicest varieties of Apple, — Pear, Plum, I Asparagus,— Peony and Dah- Cherry. — Peach, — Apricot, & I \nRools; Flowering Shiubs, Nectarine Tree ; Grape I and Herbaceous Plants of Vines ; Rhubarb, — 1 every variety. Particular attention has been given to the cultivation of the STR\WBERRV,-RASPBERRY, GOOSEBERRY, and CURRANT. Superior Plants of each variety constantly for sale. The Co.N-SERVATOHY of the Subscriber being very exten- sive, his collection of GREEN HOUSE PLANTS is now the largest in New England, and choicest specimens of the Camellia Japonica, the Rose Geraniu-m, Azalea Rho- dodendron, Daphne^s, Oleanders, Liliies, Heliotrope, &c. and all the other desirable varieties of Plants can now be furnish- ed in any quantity. To purchasers of Fruit Trees or Green House Plants at wholesale, a liberal discount will he made ; and all the cili zens of Boston and vicinity who may extend to the .Subscri- ber their pr.tronage shall have their purchases delivered in Boston free of expense. It would afford the Proprietor much pleasure to conduct all, who take pleasure in Horticulture and Floriculture, through his Establishment, whether they visit as purchasers or not. Mr. Warren has the pleasure of staling to his Patrons that he has taken No. 1 of the Neiv Stores, in the Trcnwnl Temple, opposite Tremont House — which will be filled in unique style, where specimens of the various productions of his establishment can be seen during the year, such as rare Plants, Fruit Trees, Flowers, Fruits, Seeds, Bulbs, &c. Orders left at the Store, No. 1 Tremont Temple, Boston — or forwarded to Brighton, will meet with prompt and care- ful attention. New Catalogues will he found at the store, or they will be forwarded to all who request— hy mail. JAMES L. L. P. WARREN. Nonantum Vale, Brighton, Nov. 1, 1S43. 4t. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruil Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable lime lo transplant many Trees and Plants, and often times more convenient than la spring. We have as great a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. a* can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. PUMPKI-V SEED tVANTED. The subscribers will pay a fair price for a few bushels of the " old fashioned yellow Pumpkin Seed," suitable for planting. JOSEPH BRECK & CO Boston, Nov. 23. NONANTU.II HIL,I<. NURSERY OF WILLIAM KENRICK. Apple Trees of fine sizes. Peach Trees, in exten- sive numbers and of varieties most superior, Peor, Plum, Cherry, .Apricot, Nectarine Trees of new and most highly esteemed kinds. Franconia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Currants, Goose- berries, Strawberries — of kinds most approved. 'The de- scriptiie Catalogue for 1943 will be sent to all who apply. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, and Honey Suckles ; yel- low Harrison and other Roses ; Tree and other splendid Poeo- nies of different colors. Also, Myatt's Victoria and other new kinds of Rhubarb, &c. &c All orders addressed lo the subscriber will be promptly attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be securely packed in matt? and moss for safe transport to all distant places, and delivered in the city by the wagr.n which goes thither daily, or siiipped to order, or pr. rail road. Or or- ders may be left with Joseph Breck & Co. 61 .ind S2 North M.irkei Street, Boston. WILLIAM KENRICK. Nonantum Hill, Newton, Oct. 24, 1S43. H. VANDINE'S NURSERY, CA9I BRIDGEPORT. The Subscriber offers for sale a fine assort- 'menl of choice Pear, Ptuvi and Peach Trees; ralso Gooseberry and Raspberry hushes ; fine /«- abella and Catawba Grape Vines, from two lo four years old, Shrubbery, &c. H. VANDINE. November 4, 1843. SPLENDID BULBOUS PLOTl'ER ROOTS. Just received by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., from Hol- land, a larpe and well selected assortment of DUTCH BULBOUS ROOTS, among winch are the following .— Hyacinths, of every color and variety. Tulips, do. do. do. do. do. Pobjanilius A'ardsstis, .Yarcissus, Jonquills, Ranun- culus, ^'humones, Iris, (focuses, of all colors. Gladiolus, Lillies,&c. &.c. Those who wish for fine Bulbs will do well to rail and examine the above, as they are a choice selected lot, and will give universal satisfaction. Orders should be forward- ed soon lo 11, e subscribers, 51 and t2 North Market Street, office of the N. E. Farmer. JOSEPH RRECK & CO. Nov. I. PRINCE'S LINNJEAK BOTANIC GARDEN AND NURSERIES, AT FLUSHING. \VM. R PRINCE & CO. offer for sale Fruit Trees of large size, of the most estimable varie- ties, and warranted exact lo their names. 10,000 Quinces 3 feel high, at 820 per humlred, and 2^ feet high at 816 per hundred. China Roses, 250 varieties, emhracing all the classes of Bourbon Noselte, Ben- gal Daily, Tea, Microphylla, Banksii, Hybrid. Perpetual, Muhiflora, &c , and comprising above one hundred new va- rieties not yet inserted in the American Catalogues, al the following low rales:— 25 varieties one each (or $9; fiO varie- ties, one each for 8i6 ; 100 varieties, one each for 830. One hundred Plants comprising 30 varieties, two each (or $26. Trees Roses of 50 varieties al 89 per dozen. Chrysanthe- mums, 20 odd varieties for S3. 20 new varieties, (many sel- lingat 81 each.) for 87. Chinese Azaleas, large Flowering Plants, 8 varieties at «3 per dozen, and smaller Plants of 20 other new and very rare varieties al 86 per dozen. Splendid Paeonies, 25 varieties for 81". WILLIAM R. PRINCE & CO. Lin. Bot. Garden and Nurseries, } Flushing, Nov. 2d^l843^ 5 DURHAM BULL. A full blooded Short Horn— for sale by J. BRECK &. CO. Nov. 6. 41- 168 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. NOV. aa. IS43 MISCELLANEOUS*. THE DAIRYMAN'S BILL. (Continued from page 165 ) " I will instantly gjo in sparch of him," cried Da- vidson ; and in spite of his wife's remonstrances, he dressed himself for the wenthcr, and acconnpan- jed by a servant, sot ont through the dark and rainy streets. Lonff and anxiously did he search, but in so populous a district, with so imperfect a knowledge of the individual he was in quest of, it is not wonderful ihat he did not discover Sandy's residence. At length, from an old woman who kept a small shop in which milk was one of the ar- ticles sold, he learned enough to give him the strongest hopes of having discovered the abode of the man he sotfght. The residence, however, was at so great a distance from the spot in which Mr Davidson was, that he saw the necessity of return- ing home for the time to relieve his wife's anxiety. At an early hour he was resolved to resume his inquiries in the quaiter to which he had been di- rected. Mrs. Davidson and her husband slept hut little in the few hours that now intervened be- tween night and morning, so deep was the impres- sion which the little incident we have related made on their minds. Davidson had fortunately been directed to the right quarter. The officials of the law had reached Sandy Patterson's humble abode; they refused his request " for a little time" in consequence of his inability to produce fifteen pounds. Nanny and her daughter were sitting in a corner, hopeless, and soon to be, to all appearance, houseless ; one of the cows wag already brought out from her stall, and stood lowing at the door, amid a crowd of intended purchasers. Already was the poor cow " put up," when Mr Davidson arrived, made himself known, and put a stop to the proceedinn-s. Conceiving himself to be in a great measure the cause of all their distress, he was not contented with paying the sum he owed the poor dairyman, but advanced enough to settle the whole amount of the claims against him. The worthy Sandy could only speak his gratitude by tears. This af- fair was no less an era in his honest family's his- tory, tlian it was in that of Mr Davidson. This night's experience taught him a le.-ssnn — that the whole hopes of a family may be dependent on a sum altogether unimportant to the individual who owes it, and that in the discharge of such obliga- tions, benevolence is as much to be gratified, in many instances, as conscieiiciousness. It may serve to show the interest which he and his family ever after this period look in the Pattersons, when we mention, that the little girl to whose acciden- tal presence in her father's lobby, the happy issue of this affair was owing, was permitted by her pa- rents, no long time afterward, to dance at the wed- ding of Sandy's pretty daughter Peggy, who mar- ried a certain William hinted at, as the attentive reader may have observed, at an early part of this true story. — Blackwood's Magazine. Curious Fact. — Does not the following, which we find in the Columbia (S. C.) Advocate, strongly support the dnctrine of Liebig, that, in the absence of other means of nutrition, the nutritive organs act upon, and appropriate the stores already exist- ing in the body ? — in other wdrds, would the pig have lived eo long had he been lean at the time of disappearance ? — .lib. Cult. " Some two months ago, Mr James Kyles of this place, missed a favorite pig, which, as it was very fat, he supposed some lover of fat pigs had appropriated to his own use, and gave it up for lost, until last Tuesday, when he commeiicrd the repair of his house, and on raising the floor, he found his pig, and still breathing, after at least ."JS days pf entire abstinence from food or drink. The pig is still living, and able to take a little meal and wa- ter. A number of the most respectable persons can attest the above fact." [The hear supports itself in winter upon the same principle Jimtr. Far.] Sticking Hogs at the Soulli. — A traveller in that region, who had some little knowledge in the art of butchering swine, stopped at an inn in South Carolina to breakfast. It was the season for kill- ing pigs, and as such jobs are there done by the negroes, he saw Scipio and his wife enter the pen among a number of grunters that woul more work, xoith the same paver of team, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenty and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, whi Howard Plough turned ticentynine and one'half inci the same power of team .' All acknowledge that Hov Uoiighs are much the strongest and most substan made. There has been quite an improvement made on the: or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed w having to furnish a new landside: this shoe bkeAvise se- ttle mould hoard and landside together, and strengthen Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to Sl5. A PI sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost SIO GO, and with cutter St, with wheel and culler, extra. ' The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and ret the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSKPH BRECK & t To Preserve Potatoes in a Dried State. — We see it staled in one of our exchanges, that to wash, cut them in pieces, steep fortyeight hours in water, and dry them in an oven, one hundred parts of fresh potatoes will give thirty so prepared. In this state they can be kept for years, or ground into flour, uhich mixed with one-third rye, makes ex- cellent bread Tenn. ^iericx" , PATENT COIIN SHELLER. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that the praclical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. It can be used in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its constructiou, and durable in its operation, and no way liable to get out of order j one man can work it to good advantage, though a man to turn, and a boy to {eed it, wnrks it much better than one alone. Tliey are so light and portable, as to be easily removed from place to place, and one machine will serve for several families or even the m- babitants of a small town. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos 51 and 62 North Market Street JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. I. \V1L.L.IS'S 1.ATEST I.lfPROVKD VBGETABLK CLTTKR. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved Vegetable Culler. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of Cutting Ruta Baga, Mangel VVurlzel, and other roots. The great objection to other machines, is Iheir cutting the roots into slices, which makes it almost impossible for the cattle to gel hold of them : this machine with a little alteration, cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most convenient for the cattle to eat. It will cut with ease from one to two hushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Not. 1 . DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market st. GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CUTTER. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. ai Ihe New England Ag lurat Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North ket Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Ha' Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not i applied to any implement for this purpose. The most i, inenl effects of this application, and some of the consei< peculiarities of the machine are : 1 . So great a reduction of the quantum of power req ' to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is suffii to work it efficiently. 2. With even this moderate power, iteasilycutstwol els a minute, which is full twice as last as has been cla by any other machine even when worked by horse or i power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whicl: i cut, require sharpening less often than those of any i straw cutter. 4. The machine is simple in its construction, made an I together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable a), complicated machines in general use to get out ofor Sl.l BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 39, 1843. CNO. aa. N . E. FARMER A SLUR AT CHEMICAL SCIENCE. n an article si^'ned "P." in liie Oct. No. of the Ciiiers' Aii'iitlily Visitor, on •' Tlie Kxliaiistion of S il,'' tlicre is tlie following paragraph : 'The soil may be, and doubtless has been, ex- I8t''il 111 mimerous cases within our country ; but belicvtd that it has been produced by a siic- sion of crops, without returning any thing in eli.ipc o'' manure to supply what was thus lakon y ; Ut we believe, whore manure is used, not y tint the soil is capable of mamtaining its fer- y, but that it can be raised to a standard he- ld its natural condition. In one of the numbiTS ;he Now England Fanner, published at Boston, lethiiig opposite to this opinion is asserted, and r, no doubt, very 'earned use of Professor Lie- 's views, and a plentiful top. dressing of ammo- , alliiili, gallipots and blow-pipes, which good urcdiy puts us in mind of the extraction of sun- nis from cucumbers, the conclusion is arrived at, t the laiiils near the city of Rome became ex- isted from use, and have been ever since barren, im «h;>t authority this conclusion has been wn, 1 liiinw not ; but in my recollections of his- y, I « n.- under the impression that imhealthiness, i not sterility, has left the Campagna without tivation." Wc copy the above for the sole purpose of ex- ssing our dislike to the slur — the side-thrust — it es to chemical science as an aid to the f rmer. what particular article in '' the New Enjland rmer" ih'.' writer alludes, we know not, nor is naloiKil ; but if the positions of that article are jpo.ted by "the views of Prof. Licbig," we Ilk .t prohahU, to say the least, that t ley are h )ihilosophical in theory and susceptible of ictieal demonstration, maugre the wei^lili/ arjru- nt of ■' P." against them, that they involve the J of " ammonia, alkali, gallipots and blow-pipes" ; and, perhaps, by a parity of ratiocinaiion ['.) to it which led him to the brilliantly witty idea of ociating these and their uses with "thetxtrac- n of sunheams from cucumbers," we may asso- te the writer and his ingcTitous simile with the xtraclion" of moonbf.ams from pumpkins .' But I be serious: — One would think that the interested and valuable researches of eminent jniists, designed to aid the former in his pursuit, uld — so far from being openly decried or cov- ly slurred — receive the approbation and encoiir- ement of all true friends of the ngricultural in- est ; and we are sorry to see a writer for the ag- ultural press, contributing openly or indirectly undervalue the well-intended and highly merito- us efforts of such men as Lif.big in the farmer's half, and treating contemptuously their endeav- I, by scientific suggestions, to render his profes- m more profitable aa a business and more exalt- as an art. "P.," for aught we know, may bo a profound holar, and deeply versed in chemical scienco ; d therefore his presumption in insinuating that the fanner can reap little or no benefit from the uses of "ammonia, alkali, gallipots, and blow-pipes," may bo pardonable; but we may take the liberty of supposing, also, (what is far from being an iin- probabilily,) that in assmiiing to say thus much, he may have relied loo confidently on the profundity of his own wisdom— and if future events should falsify his predictinn.s, and subject him to inortilica- tion, he may, nut unlikely, ascribe his discomfiture to sonietliing near akin to that disastrous species of arrogance, which often makes " Fools rush in where angels fear to tread." NEW AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL AND FLORAL SOCIETY. We are linppy to announce tho formation of a new society in Northampton, with the name and constitution below. We wish them all the liappi- ness and success which invariably attend such asso- ciations, when prosecuted with devotion and vigor. It will be our pleasure to afford them all the aid in our power ; and — (a truce to our modesty) — if they ivill subscribe for about forty copies of the N. E. Farmer, at a reduced price, we shall take a double interest in the prosperity of their society. Let it be remembered that this paper has peculiar merits to commend it to their patronage, in being wholly devoted to Agriculture, Horticulture, and Floricul- ture.— Ed. Constitution Of the Korlhampion Jigriciiltural, Horticultural and Floricultural Club. AuT. I, This association shall be known as the J^orlhnmplon Jlgriadlural, Horticultural and Flo- ricultural Club. Art. II. The object of the Club shall be the circulation of general intelligence and practical in- struction in all the branches of Agriculture, Horti- culture and Floriculture — 1. By the establishment of a permanent libra- ry of the best books on those subjects. 2. By the establishment of a correspondence with other bodies seeking the same objects. 3. By procuring the most rare and valuable kinds of seeds, plants, shrubs and trees. 4. By the establishment of lectures, discus, sion-a. exhibitions, and other means for the gene- ral circulation of knowledge on the subjects em- braced by the Club. 5. By planting shade trees on all the avenues and public sijuares of the town. Art. HI. The officers of the Club shall consist of a President, three Vice Presidents, a Correspon- ding Secretary, a Recording Secretary, a 'I'reasu- rcr, a Librarian, a Standing Committee of three persons eacli on Agriculture, Horticultuie and Flo- riculture and a Board of Directors, to be composed of the President, Vice Presidents, and Chairmen of the three Standing Committees, which Board shall have the charge and general management of the property and business of the Club, subject, howev- er, to the order and direction thereof. Art. IV. All the officers shall be chosen by ballot at the annual meeting of the Club, which shall be holden on the first Wednesday in August in each year, at such time and place aa tho Direc- tors shall order. Art. V. All special meetings of the Club shall be called by the Recording Secretary, on the requi- sition of a majority of the directors, or of any five members, made in writing therel'or, and notice thereof, as well as of all regular mcetinirs, shall be published in one or more of the newspnpers printed in Northampton, two days at least before such meeting. Art. VI. Any person may become a life mem- ber of the Club by the payment of fifteen dollars into the Treasury at any one time. Art. VII. This Constitution may be altered or amended by the votes of two thirds of the members present at any regular meeting, provided the same shall have been proposed in writing at a previous regular meeting. NEW JERSEY WAKING UP. We find in the Newark Daily Advertiser an ac- count of the formation of a new Agricultural and Horticultural Society in F,8sex county, N. J., which, as we have some subscribers to our paper in that region, (and ought to have more,) we publish. The multiplication of these societies throughout the land, cannot fail to have a salutary influence upon the country, and will be instrumental in greatly accelerating improvements in agriculture and hor- ticulture, and consequently of promoting our na- tional prosperity. — Ed. "At an adjourned meeting of the friends of Ag- riculture in Essex county, at the house of Thomas W. Reynolds, in Springfield, on Tuesday, Nov. ]4th, the President of the last meeting, Gen. John S. Darcy, being absent, the Vice President, Aaron Denman, was called to the chair, and David Naar appointed secretary. It was then, on motion, unan- imously Resolved, That it is highly expedient to organ- ize an Agricultural and Horticultural Society for the County of Essex. The cmmittee appointed at the last meeting, then reported a Constitution for the Society, which, upon being considered and partially amended, was unanimously adopted. Whereupon the society was declared to be formed, and forthwith proceed- ed to elect officers as follows: President — Aaron Denman, of Springfield. Vice Presidents — John Littcll, of New Provi- dence ; Jabez W. Hayes, of Newark. Recordin/r Secretary — David Naar, of Elizabeth. Corresponding Secretary — Isaac D. Dodd, of West Bloomfield. Treasurer — John Wilde, of do. Eiecutive Committee — Marcus L. Ward, John Munn, Abiathar Harrison, Isaac M. Hand, John Sqnicr, Abram D. A. Naar, Gideon Ross, Hugh H. Beronc, Amos Potter, Jr., Hugh F. Randolph, Nath'l S. Crane, Thomas D. Kilburn, Richard Townlcy. The executive committee were charged with the duty of fixing the day for the annual fair. 170 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, KOV. ao, 1843( SIR ROBERT PKEL ON AGRICULTURE. { With resp.ct to expenment. in the different kinds Our late Enjjiish papers contain an account of [ of maniirea, ho thought the mere reading the re- an ngriciiltnrnl dinner at Tnniworth, given by llie , Riilts of those experiments beivildering to the prnc- Taniworth Farmers' CInb, of whicli Sir Robiirl 1 <'"! farmer, and he pledged himself tn bpnr the Peel is "the patron" — which, we suppose, menns, j expense, whatever it might be, of making' the ex- that most of the membera are his tenants, and pfriinents, and exhibiting the results to all his ten- spend their labor and all their earnings, beyond a pittance barely sutiicient to keep lile and breath in iheir bodies, in ihe improvcmeut of his estate. Be- side the members of the Club, there was quite a collection of Sirs, and Colonels, and Captains, and M. P.'s. Sir Robert, of course, presided at the tible. After announcing toasts to the health of majesty, royalty, and nobility, in var^ous'inipersona. tions, Sir Robert said the next toast in his list was " Prosperity to the ['"armers' Club ;" and, as it was •isually expected of those who occupied stations similar to that in wliich he then stood, to preface a toast of that nature with some observations, he should not disappoint those expectations. After alluding to practical experience, acute and extend- antry. " You remember that I set out (said he) by stat- ing practical observations were of more value than eloquent common-places about the iinporlanre of iogriculture. I some time ago desired a friend of mine to make some careful experiments with re- spect to the merits of a manure lately introduced ; I mean guano. I desired him to make the experi- ment with the greatest care and fairness, and com- municate to me the result. He has done so, and I am sure you will excuse me if I state it. My friend took a field of two acres and planted it with potatoes — the ridges on which the potatoes were grown were of the same length, the potatoes were of the same quality, and the produce of the several ed observation, and studying treatises on the sub- ndges was taken up and measured : the avera.e ject, as the usual modes of attaining agricultural skill, Sir Robert said — " There is another mode, and that is, by commu- nication, by conversation, by asking questions, by having doubts, by means of comparing experiments, and so receiving information. I should be the last man to undervalue practical experience. If prac- tical cxperitnce be found united with extensive observation, it is most valuable ; but depend upon it, the British farmer is exposed to competition which will make reliance on mere limited personal experience a very imperfect resource. If a man's experience is confined to his district — if he has not compared it with that of other districts — if lie takes it for granted that, because Tor the forty or fifty years that he has been employed as a farmer — if he takes it for granted that if he practices the method he has seen his father practice before him, he will continue to prosper, depend upon it, he is greatly mistaken. It is impossible to travel ten miles in this district, without seeing that reliance on mere personal experience will not insure suc- cess as a fanner. You see the different degrees of fertility in land of the same natural strength, in cases where it is cultivated merely witli Ihe advan- tage of experience, and in cases in which the ad- vant.iges of chemical and geological science are brou^iht to bear upon it. Another means of acqui- ring agricultural information is, by means of books. Atiother mode — and I very much doubt whether it will not be found the most effectual is by tlie means of meetings of societies like this, not for the purpose of listening to eloquent speeches, but for the purpose of conducting discussion on practi- cal points, of asking questions, of having doubts solved, of rubbing our minds against each other, and thus cnmmunicatmg and receiving knowlodwe. If you will avail yourselves of the opportunities now offered, you will have the additional advan- tage of learning the practical experience of others which you may compare with your own; while, at the same time, by detailin ers. result was as follows: There were three manures used ; they produced respectively — stable manure, nine bushels of potatoes ; Potter's manure, eleven bushels; and guano, fifteen bushels. I asked for further details , and I found that the guano fnd Potter's manure were each mixed with ashes and fine mould, in the proportion of one bushel of ma- nure to six bushels of ashes and mould. One bushel of guano weighed 8.5 lbs : three of puano and Potter's manure xveighed 510 lbs. ; and they were spread upon Ihe ridges at two different times, at the rate of three cwt. per acre. H.ilf of each was put under tlie ridges when the potatoes were planted, and the other half when the shoots appear- ed about an inch above the ground. The potatoes were planted on the 4th of April, and taken up in October, and ihe produce of the two acres was 600 bushels. The field, be it observed, had pre- viously been niucli exhausted and was in bad or- der. The total expense of the process was £16 ; and, calculating the price of potatoes at Is. per bushel, the profit of the two acres amounted to £14. Let me add, that the soil was let at £1 per acre. This, then, was the result of the experi- ment, which I have every reason to believe was conducted with the most perfect fairness. But I cannot expect you who will probably read some other account of a similar experiment, in which stable manure may appear as advantageously as guano does in this — I say I cannot expect you, up- on the strenglli of what I have said, to go to the expense of purchasing guano ; but this I tell you, that I will devote part of the land which I occupy to make sucli experiments under Ihe superinten- dence of a committee who will look carefully to iheir results. And so with respect to other clas- ses of manure, by trying them upon different parts of the land I, as a landowner, occupy — here is another mode by which I can contribute to the ag. ricultural skill and prosperity of my tenantry." Sir Robert urjed upon the landlords the neces- „, . . . - .^'oxr^ y"i' I'enefit oth- sily of unity with Ihcir l..„anlry to improve the Thus ,n my opinion, you w,ll be enabled Uoil, and recommended frequent meetings like that greatly to benefit agricultural science and promote I of the Club, for the interchange of opinions learn- agr.cul.ural prosperity.' i„p ^„,h other's characters and wants, and pro- Sir Robert proceeded to descant on the relations i moling kindly feelings. Jle was liberal in profe.«- of landlord and tenant, and their reciprocal duties, ' sions of regard for his own tenantry, and wishes and pleilged himself to introduce any annual (of for their success in the improvement of the lands neat Blr)rk; that should be generally deemed neces- ' they occupied — all which, we doubt not, was ex- sary to promote improvement, "regardless of price." ccedingly encnurnging to them— that is, they did not happen to recidlect that, after all, ll.ey wd nothing but tevanis, and that all the improvinier they could accomplish, could only add to ti wealth of an aristocratic landlord. ' Sir Robert proposed the health of Professt Bucklaiid, and all those who, by their acquiremeir in science, had been the means of advancing t useful arts of life. Professor Buckland return thanks in an able speech, fie assured Ihe coi pany of the improvemenia which could be y made in agriculture by the proper employment scientific agency. He enlarged upon the bene! to be derived from thorough draining. Afludi to the structure of the earth, he remarked upon t provisions found in its interior for the benefit those who were destined to cultivate its surfai and the changes and combinations by winch rro soil was produced. He concluded, amid soi laughter, by impressing upon the farmers presc tlie absolute necessity of "cherishing" their dun hills, and of not allowing Ihe ammonia proccedi from them, to "waste its sweetness on the desi air." — Boston Courier. CCyMr A. H. Ernst, who was present at t last annual exhibition of the Mass. IL.rticultui Society, as a delegate from the Cincinnati llor cultural Society, and to whom the Society we indebted for some superb specimens of the VVaftj inpton Pear, has given a sketch of hia visit, whi i we copy from the Cincinnati Atlas : HORTICULTURAL TOUR TO BOSTON Messrs. Guilford ^ Russell — By request, I pi pose, through the medium ot your new paper, give a sketch of my observations on the subject Horticulture, during my late visit to the Ka-il. 1 left Cincinnati on the morning of the 28th August, and arrived in Boston in time on the fi lowing Saturday, to attend the exhibition of t Massachusetts Horticultural Society, where I h the pleasure of presenting some specimens of a s perior Pear, from Mr Longworth's gurden, whi was identified as the Wnshinglon Pear. (T original tree, I was informed, is still in existenc about filleen miles from Philadelphia, on t Wilmington road.) There was a very good d. play of fine fruits, flowers, &.C., on the tables. Tl hall of the Sociely IS quite spacious, and is opi In the public every Saturday from ten to two clock. Of ihis privilege they very generally avi themselves: indeed, the rich displays of frui flowers, vegetables, &.C., have become so attract! that it is considered a want of good taste not have visited the weekly shows. The contribiitio!i are mostly from the beautiful gardens in Bosti and its vicinity, as far as Salem, Beverly, & Among the contributors to the shows, the editori fraternity is well represented by your old frien Mr Dutton, of the Daily Transcript, a very actiM and efficient member of the Society. Many these fine establishments I was, by the kindness their proprietors, permitled to visit. I visited the beautiful residence of Marshall ' Wilder, E.oq., nt Dorchester. Mr W. is a Bostt; merchant, is President of the Massachusells Hor|t cultural Society, and a gentleman of intelligent and great taste, to whose exertions the country much indebted for his untiring perseverance ar liberal expenditures, in introducing fiom abrof many kinds of valuable new fruil, as also in tl floral department, especially that ut himself. It is to his genius that the public ire indebted for this valuable discovery. His prac- ice is to take in August, the fruit spurt from the .rees of the desired fruit, and graft them in the usual way : tlie desired object is to unite the graft with its new stock, but not to force it into leaf. If this point is attained, the new grafts will in the following spring leaf out, bloom, and produce a crop of the desired fruit. He exhibilcd at the rooms of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, several varieties of Pears from grafts thus set last year, which excited no small attention among its members. The Captain, from experience, has great faith in a moderate use of salt cast over the ground with the hand, as a top-dteseing among small fruits. If you deem the above observations of sufficient interest to the inquiring horticulturist, to deserve a corner in your paper, I will, at my earliest leisure, continue the subject. With much respect, ! remain yours, A. H. ERNST. Sprins^ Garden, near Cincinnati, Oct. 26. for the produce of the soil, is another item added to the wKulth of the country. A small lot of cheese sent to China last year as an rxpcrimenl, was sold thereat a grcnt profit; and now large quantities are going to tlie same market; so that instead of freighting the China traders with silver com, as formerly, and thereby draining the country of an article so much wnnted, the produce and manufacture of the country nnswi-r just as well. Cotton cloth, raw cotton, lead from Missouri, and cheese from the dairy farms, are now exchanged for the products of the East. Without a tariff we should have no cloths for the Chinese, and but lit- tle of any thing else. — Lancaster Gaz. PORK A.\D LARD OIL. We perceive that preparations are making at Cincinnati and other places in Ohio, for slaughter- inwand packing pork on an unusually extensive scale. Though prices will be rather low, we think they will he better than last year, owing to the in- creased demand for lard. The late discovery of converting the fat of the hog into a fine pure oil for lamps, and the residue into a hard substance for candles, equal to the best sperm, will prove of vast importance to the West. As soon as this business has been brought to that state of perfec- tion which may reasonably be looked for, the whale fishing will become of little account ; as the oil can be made from the swine much cheaper than it can bo obtained from the ocean; for while the fit- ting out of a whale ship is enormously expensive, it is a most perilous and uncertain employment. To engage in the raising and fattening of Berk- shires, requires little or no capital, while to catch a single whale an outlay of many thousands is in- dispensable. We may form some idea of the vast amount con- sumed in the articles of oil and candles, when it is considered that, from the whaling business, the wealth of Holland was mostly obtained — the same may be said of England : for between one and two hundred years ago, and before these fish in the Greenland seas and Davis's Straits had been de- stroyed by the whalemen, the business was incalcu- lably profitable. Then a ship could go out and return the same year, certain to be richly freighted. Now, three years are consumed in a whaling voyage, and after all, vessels frequently return with lillle or no oil. If, hereafter, the swine of the Wi^st are to furnish but a small share of the wealth I'orinerly dr^uvn from the ocean, we feel safe in es- tiinatnig the advantages to the country astonishing- ly large. Already, as we learn, orders have been received at Cleveland and Cincinnati, from France and oth- er foreign countries, for oil. For several months past we have been using lard oil, and though of the first made, prefer it to the best sperm. It burns clear, has no sinell, forms no crust about the wick, and above all, costs but half the price of sperm. As light is indispensable in every family, and as oil is used for various purposes, wo consider it impossible to overstock the market, or that the material for making oil can be furnished in too large quantities. Every new discovery that creates a new demand Flour for Burns. — J. Marshall, Esq., surgeon, recommends, in a communication in the London Medical Journal, the employment of wheat flour as an application to burns. This mild substance, he says, is doubtless pre-eminent to nil others hith- erto used, by imparting immediate cure to the in- flamed and irritated surface. A humorous fellow, a carpenter, being summon- ed as a witness on a trial for assault, one of the counsel, who was very much given to brow-beat the evidence, asked him what distance he was from the parties when he saw the defendant strike the plaintiff? The carpenter answered, "Just four feet five inches and a half" " Pray thee, fel- low," said the counsel, " how is it possible you can he so very exact as to the distance ?" " I thought," said the carpenter, " that some fool might ask me, and so I measured it." EXCERPTS. Brass and metal kettles should never be used in the preparation of preserves. Iron ware lined with porcelain or tin, is much preferable, and not suti- ject to the verdigris which acids produce on the others. Give hens chalk or egg-shells with their food, and they will lay double as many eggs as before. A farmer should never keep more cattle than he can keep in good order. An animal in high condi- tion the first of December, is already half winter- ed. When the young laugh at the old, they laugh at themselves beforehand. The best snuff in the world is a snuff of the morning air. '• May be smoking is offensive to some of you V " Yes, yes," immediately responded a dozen voicog. "Well," said the inquirer, immediately placing his segar between his lips and puffing away at it as for dear life " H is to some folks .'" An army of principle wilj penetrate where an army of soldiers cannot. Principle would succeed where management would fail. Pitt was once canvassing for himself, and, in the course of his travels, came to a blacksmith's shop. '' Sir," said he, " will you favor mo with your vote 1" ''Mr. Pitt," said the son of Vulcan, " I admire your head, but blast your heart." "Mr. Blacksniilh," re- turned Pitt, " I admire your candor, but blast your manners." A chandler having had some candles stolen, was told to be of good cheer — " they will come to light." m NEW ENGLAND FARMER WOV. 29, 1S43. AMERICAN PRODUCE IN THE K.MGLISH MARKET. j It will be perceived by the followiiirj extracts from Liverpool papers, that our beef, pork, lianis, butter, cheese, &c., are pettinn into better repute ahroaO, in consequence of a little more nicety in packing and making. It will be of immense nd- vantage to onr agriculturists, and our country in general, if our surplu-i produce can find a ready market In foreign ports, though it may he at mode- rate prices. As soon as our farmers learn the great difference in the price between " butter grease" and ^imi butter abroad, and good and bad cheese, &c., they will, no doubt, for their own in- terest's sake, be a little more particular in making and packing. Millions of dollars are annually lost lo tliis country in consequence of the slovenly man- ner in which these important articles are made and packed. For the exlrecls subjoined we are in- j debtcd lo the Boston Courier: [From a Liverpool paper.] Jlmericnn Provisioits — The recent large impor- tations of American provisions of good quality, into this port, which have been eagerly sought after, has attracted a good deal of attention in Ireland, and the farmers of that country are considerably alarmed lest the Americans should cut them out of the English market. We take the following ar- ticle from the Dublin Monitor: " The Liverpool papers inform us that large quantities of American cheese have arrived at that port, and been sold at a price far below that which the Cheshire farmers could offer. The tariff has made no chnnge in this article, and the duty re- mains the same ; and the importation shows the formidalde rivalry which the English farmer lias to expect from Brother Jonathan. Another article U being imported in considerable quantities, which will seriously affect the price of Irish liutter — that is, lard. The poorer classes of consumers find in this an excellent substitute for butler, so that it is likely to displace a large amount of our southern produce, being purchascable for about one-third of the price of butter — and though not so wholesome or nutritious, yet the difference of cost will bring it largely into consumption. Salted beef is another item, the introduction of which will 8i-ri AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 173 Tvti. xo. a'J. .^ iiich isT matter of great itnportnnce to ti.e LARliB CROPS OF CORN ANM) POTATOES )wer in the aoorrcn;ate. We trust thai nil | We extract the f.)ll()\ving ncctiunt of (i larsje en, who have''no other motive than their crop of corn and polatnes, from a letter recently re- lodiule interest, will take the subject of coived from the Hon. Wm. McCoy, of Fniiiklin, bjcct is to ;;et the land well covered with grass, and the soil filled with roots. The thick growth prevents the weeds from taking possi'ssion and smothering the young plants. Were we to undertake to rtnovate pastures and fields of this description, we should pursue very much the same course as thij gentleman has, with the addition of subsoiling, and if possible, to dress the land with some good compost; if not, sow the grass seed without ma- nure. Alter taking off" what crop there was the second year, we should break it up again, plowing a little deep- er than before : the decorpposition of the grass and roots would greatly enrich the soil, and the nrxt crop would be much heavier than the first. By thus repeal- ing this operation every other year, the land would im- prove, and it would not take many years to bring it back to its original fertility. By plowing late in the fall and winter, when no other work is pressing, it would not interfere with the ntcessnry operations of the farm, on which the farmer is dependant for his support As such land as we are speaking of is comparatively worthless, hardly paying for fencing, ihe interest of its value would be trifling, and tlio only outlay, except the wear of the implements and labor, would be the grass seed. One of the most profitable farms in the Slate, which we vi iled a short lime since, was where no corn nor any exhausting crop was raised. It is a grass farm, in every sense of the word. The greater part of the first crop of hay, 100 tons on 40 acres, is sold. The second crop suffices, with a little of the first, to feed out to the stock kept on the place. The number is very small compared with the extent of the farm, yet bijt very little manure is purchased. The process is, turning over the grass as often as it begins to fail, and seeding down again upon the inverted sod. This practice followed on any land, will most assuredly increase the fertility of the soil, however poor it may be. Il will take time, to be sure, on sterile pasture without manure, to bring it into a good state, but if corn is not raised upon it too soon, iho desired iniprovernent will be effected. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOUIETV EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. Saturilay, JVojj. 9.5, 1 From the President of the Society, a di«h of tlu rcnco Pear, a seedling from Messrs. Wilcomb & nurserymen, Flushing, L I. For a description i Pear, Bie ihe letter to the President, annexed. , fruit was lasted by the committee, who were of mous opinion that it may be classed with the vci of Pears. It is about the size, and somewhat shape, of the Urbanisle — melting, fine flavor, nci skin. From Samuel Walker, Vicar of WinKfield Pea. in eating, and was found to be very fine; speciii Passe Colmar do ; Capiaumont; there were doubts -vhether this vj3b coirect, notwithstanc agreed in appearance to the description given of I riety in the Catalogue of the London Horticult. Si as this fruit is there laid down as in eating in 0( whereas these specimens were not yet mature. From Josiah Lovelt, 2d, Pears, name unk These were lasted by the committee, and allhougl fine to look at, were only second rale in flavor, a committee were of opinion that it was not of muc sequence about the name. From Edward Marsh, Quincy, Lewis Pears. For the Committee, JOS. BR El Preserving Manure — If you have no barn cellar or other shelter for your manure that has accumulated in the barn-yards, pile it in a heap or heaps, and cover it all over, sides as well as top, with muck or any kind of luif. This will prevent the escape of much of its en- riching properties which would otherwise be lost. The following is the letter to the President, allu above : Flushins, II mo., 20lA, l( AI P. Wilder, Pres't Mass. Hurt. Soc— We se Harnden & Co. 's express, a box of Pears, and if should think proper to present them to the Horti.i ral Society, we would thank ihee to do so. Il is. live of Flushing. It produces abundant crops year; is in eating order over four months — say fro lOlh to the 2d month— (from Oct. to Feb ) It is n dined to rot or shrivel, as is the case with some o winter Pears. We think it possesses as many qualities as any late fruit we have seen, but this we to the better judgment of the Horticultural So The tree is of fair growth, and very full of thorns appears to be a cross of iho old St. Germain and Si chael, as it resembles both of them in wood, fo and fruit; and theie is no other variety in the n borhood of it. We intended to have sent the fr Boston last year, but were disappointed. We call Lawrence Pear. Respectfully, WILCOMB &. KIN T/it Carts, Gearing, 1,-c. — Examine every thing of the kind with your own eye>, not with your man's or over- seer's. Whatever repairs may be necessary, have done, and sen that all your carts, wagons, sleds, carriages, &c. are kept under cover. See if the sleigh wants repairs; if you omit making them now, ten chances to one, you ! will never think of it again until snow comes, when it will be loo late. — Jmcr. Far. THANKSGIVING. We suppose it is altogether unnecessary to appris readers that tomorrow is Thanksgiving day in the old Coinmonwealih of Massachusetts — (God bless 1 — and equally unnecessary to read them a lengthy I ily on their duties in conneciion wiih the lime fioii occasion. The Jiusbandman is under peculiar ob lions of gratitude to ihe Giver of all good for His un ing bounty in causing the earth to yield plenteous her products. If there be any thing (says Mr Coli to make man feel the goodness of heaven, and reve him its wide-spread and unmeasured bounty, it is the rations and the results of agriculture. Who can re upon that beneficence which lakes care of all, and 1 the products of ihe earth daily spreads u feasl for e thing that lives, so that not one is sent empty av who can see all this, and fail to lift up his soul grateful adoration to an omniscient but invisible B factor, and see "God in all, and all in God .'" Tl Him from your hearts, for his wonderful, unceasing, unstinted bounty ; enjoy His gifts with innocence, impart of them with liberality. Corn-cobs crushed and steamed, contain fully two-fi as much nourishment as the giaiii itself. XII, NO. 23. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 175 CHU.St:TTS HOKTICOLTURAL SOCIKTY. journed meeting of the Suriety will l>e held at ly's R-oms, SATUIIDAV, Dec ifl, 1843, at 1 1 o'- EBENl'.ZKR VVKiHT, Recording; Secretary. TIIERMOMETRICAL. Repcirteillorllie New KnRland Farmer. >f the Phei niometer at the (iarilei.of the proprietors w Eiiglan.l Farmer, HrlKhton, Mass in a shaded .•exii<)»«re,l'i)rfhe«eek emling Nov. 16. 1843. day, 7,A 12, .M. I 5,P.M. I _\V^d^ N. W. E N. W. N. W. N. N. W. E. 20 34 21 ■m 22 34 23 34 2i 43 25 36 26 26 1 46 42 41 48 42 40 44 44 47 4^ 42 37 42 41 IITON MARKKT— MoKDAT.Nov. 27, 1843, Reiiorteilforthe N. K. Farmer, larket 950 beef cattle, and 120 stores, 2600 and 1010 Swine. Es _ ««/■ CVi«/e.— We qiinte extra $4 25 a $4 quality $4 00 a $4 25, second quality §3 M a third quality $2 50 a $3 25. cllin" Cuttle— We quote Mess $3 12 1-2 a $3 25, $2(J-ia$2 75, No.2, $2. ,,._Two year old $8 n 12. Three year old „ -Small lots from 75c. to $\ 50. Wethers from ,c— S.ilesquickat an ndvi.nce. Lots to peddle, 4 1 2 lor sows, 5 3-d a 5 1 2 for barrows. Ohio ■roin 2 3-4 to 4. At retail from 4 1-3 to (i val. All whereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts pot pound. There is a more aciive demand for all description";, bul prices remain without mafrial change. The sales of coarse Foreign have been lnr^e, and the slock iu first hands is sen- sibly diminished. Of low Fleeces and ) uUed Wool ibe sup- plv is small. I'nme or SainnT Fleeces, washed lb. 37 a 40 c^— Amcr- iciUI full blood l.i'saaS.S-Do 3 4 do 32 a OO-Do I 2do 29 a 30 -l^ and cmmon do 23 a 27 - Smvrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23- Do. n-iwashed 9 a 12 - Uens..si dn 6 a8-Saicony.clenn OO-Buenos Avres ""P'<- f'!' ' " "" do. do pickc.l, 12 a 16-Snperfinc Norlheru polled lamb 21 n 32-No. I do do. do. 25 a 27— ^o. 2 do do do 10 a 22- No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Dutv 20 per cent. About 400 bales have come in from the growers this week, and taken on speculation by dealers, a; 6a 0 l-4c. mostly at the latter price An effort is now beint; made by some of the dealers to advance the price, but we hear of no sales at over 6 1 2c. It is believed by many, ihnt there will be a large excess this year over calls lor consumption and export, ist sort Mass 1843, lb. Cj a 7 ; 2d do 5 a si 1542, 0. HAY. II to !6 per ton- Eastern Screwed 69 to 9 30. EGGS. 12 a 15. •VIIOLPSALE PKICES CURRENT. Corrected vHh great care, weekly. ,0S Herds Grass, $0 on to 2 62 per bushel. Red Top 50 cents. Clover-.Northern, m to 12c.-Southern, 9 l-las Seed, St 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per in, y Seed, S2 75 per bushel. AIN. During the past week the arrivals of Corn have iuilelar»e, and several cargo sales have been made at not materially ditferent from the last quotations. „— N,,rtliern. old, bushel 61 to 62-Southern, round r old, 60 a 00— Southern fiat yellow, new, 5S a 69— ,' white 53 a 00-do New Orleans, 00 a 00-B>irley 0 — Rve Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 63 a 66 — Southern, 31 a 32-Northern do. 33 to 34-Heans per 1 1 00 a I 62. — Shorts, per double bush. 25 a 35 -bran, ;o. OUR. During the week past the market has been ,ut much variation in prices. The demand at the close [Uite limited for Genesee, but for .Southern there was derable inquiry for export. ilt.inore, Howard Street, 4 mos.cr. »4 75 a 4 ^T —^\«- r SO no a 0 00-do. free of garlic, So 00 a 4 75-Phi.a. lia ilo 4 mos. »4 73 a 0 00 — Fre.lernksburg, low 1 d 4 SI 7) a 4 S7— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 aO 00. ometown, 44 73 a 5 P3-Richniond Canal, S4 75 a 4 87 Citv *oooaiiOO-Pelersburgh,SouthsideSoonaOOO Country £0 00 an 00— Genesee, common, cash, «4 81 a - do lam y brands S3 no a 5 50 - Ohio via Canal, I a 0 no-do do New Orleans, cash S4 73 a 4 87. Rye, ■ a 3 50— Indian Meal in bids. S2 87 a 3 00. JOVISIONS. There is considerable doing in the mar- for Pork, and prices are rather improving. An increa- demand for Lard has been noticed. The sales of Bul- lod Cheese continue large and prices are well sustained ;ood and prime qualities. >ef— Mess 4 no. new hhl. S7 00 e8 00— Navy— Sr, 30 a "— Vo. 1, 6 00 16 50— do Prime S3 25 a 5 50- Pork— ra clear 4 nu. bbl, 80U 00 a 14 00— do Clear 512 50 a 13 50 Mess II 60 a 12 50— do Prime Soo Oo a 10 50— do Mess i' other Stales— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do 800 no a 00 00- ter shippin', 0 a 0 '—do store, nninspecled, 6 a 1 1— do •y, nets. a°13— La'd.No 1, Boston ins 07a 7* —do tli an, I Western. 6 a 7— Hams, Boston. 7 a 8 — thern and VVesiern, i\ a 6i— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4i —do new milk, 41 a 5i VOOI.. Duly. The value v/hereof at the place of cx- tatioB shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 6 per cent. aJ WARREN'S NVKSERIFS AND GARDENS, NONANTUM VALE, BRIGHTOS, MASS. It is now admitted bv many ol the he,t Hortindn'raVsts \n the country, that the Autumn is the best time to iransplant Fruit Trees, and the experience of the Sub.cril er, a ler re- peated, and careful experiments, has proved to him, that tins conclusion is correct. In the Nurseries of the Subscriber can be found at all limes, all the choicest varieties of App|e,.-Pear...-Plum,— 1 Asparagns.-Peonyand Dah- r;herrv.-Peaeh,-Aprirot,& I lia Hoots t Flowering Sh,ubs_ NHCtarine Tree ; Grape I and Herbaceous Plants of Vines ; Rhubarb,— I •'vcy variety. Pariicubiratienlion has been civen to 'I';.^"-!;!?,'!"^ ^Z the srR\VVRERRV,-RASPBERRY, GOOSEBERR-i , and CURUAN'l'. Superior Plants of each variety constantly for sale. The Conservatory of the Subscriber being very exten- sive, his collection of GHESy HOUSE PLANTS is now Ihe largest in New KnL'land, and choicest jpmmCT. of the Camellia Japonicn. the Rose Geranium. A:ralea Hlxc dndendron, Daphne's, O'eanders. LUIics. Heliotrope. &.-. and all the other desirable varieties of Plants can now he lurnisti- ed in any quantity. To purchasers of Fruit Trees or Green House Plants at wholesale, a liberal discount will be mode : and all the citi- zens of Boston and vicinity who mav eilend to the Suhscri- l,er their pi Irnnage shall have their purchases dchrercd m Boston free of expense. It would afford the Proprietor much pleasure to conduct all who take pleasure in Horticulture and Floriculture, through his Establishment, whether they visit as purchasers "^m" Warren has ihe pleasure of stating to his Po.'roi.? that he has taken No, I of the Ne,c Stores in the Trrmonf Temple, opposite Tremonl House-winch will l;e fitted in uniQue st,ilr, wh.re siiecimens of the various productions ol his C'^taldishment can he seen during the year such as rorc Plants, Fruit Trees, Flowers, Fruits, >>reds, Uulhs. ac. Orders left at the Store, No. 1 Tremoni Temple, Boston — or forwarded to Brighton, will meet with prompt and care- ful attenlinn. . . n i .. New Catalogues will he found at the store, or they will be forwarded to all who requ'^t-bv ™a,(. ^_ ^ ^^ ^.^^^py Nonantum Vale, Brighton. Nov, 1. 1M3. 4K_ WINSIIIP.S" MR.SERV, Brighto.n near BonTOW, Situated on the line of the Boston and Worcester Rail Road, 5 miles from the city. A, The season for transplanting is at hand, md ^all those who wish to suppiv themselves with nfe-ihoice Fruit and ornamental Trees, cm be fur- * ni.vhed at short nonce with the finest varietie* _ hy the proprietors of this ceiebrnleil nur.-ery. Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of Pears, Peaches, Pluni.>, NectariuBs, Cherries, iV c. &C. Calahigues mav be obtained by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully' packed to insure safety in long voyages. Orders left at the New England Seed I^lore ol J. linn.*:an bot.anic garden and NVRSERIES, at FIXSHING. WM a PRINCE & CO, offer for sale Fruit Trees of large size, of Ihe most estimable vario- lies and warranted exa-t to their names. 10 00(» Uiimces 3 feet high, at 42,1 per hundred, and 2J li-cl hi-h at »I6 per hundred. China Roses, 2o0 varielies, embrace all the c^lasses "f .Bourbon Noseiie, Ben- -a Daily, Tea, Microphylla, Banksii, Hybrid Perpetual, 5i?nlt.n. ra, &c , and comprising above one hundred new ya- rie" es not yet inserted in the American Catalogues at the ^1 owing low rates :-2,-, varieties one "^h lor *9; :^0 vane^ ties, one each for S|6 ; too varieties, one each for .30 One unVed Plants comprising 50 varieties two each lor $26. T ees Roses of 50 v.rieiies at «9 l-er dozen. Chrxsanlhe- mums, 20 odd varieties b.r 83. 20 new varieties, (mai'V ^;;1- W-\i ii each \ for 97 Chinese Azaleas, large (- lowering PI ?iu 8 vari 1 es at S3 per dozen, and smaller I'lan.s of 20 other ,;ewanh»h'7"'''''r"l'"'"'?''^'«<'^'"s^.'">lh wih res ll Pb fJhl„7w""' '''"^- ^''^ Coinmu.ee at the a oi i-iougtis at VVorrester, say we should prefer /or use on a farm, we mi?ht perhaps v pZl7k M *'""', '"■^. '^ '""^'"y light an/elsj' mol-'/l^z"'"",! ,'I"=^'-">'>e'i trial the Howard PI-„„ ami one half inches, 1„ the 112 Ihs. draught wh Hojrard Plon/.k turned ticent.mine and one'hafll PloiX i"""""["r •' A if acknowledge thai Ho made '"" " "'^^g^^' =»"'' most suhsia orlaml'tillf I'!r';i,",''<^\"'"iP™^'='"entmadeon thi. VZt ,n f "' 'i'" '^'""."''' '^''ich can he renewed » he Z, IH^ ""^'' ^"^ 'r-l^'ri"^ 'his shoe likewise s p\lZT[ ■'' u"* '-'"dside together, and slrengihe riough very much. " s«ffiH,?,T 1*' 'h,^Pl»"g''s is from S6 to $15. A P sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost extra '" ''""" *'■ "i'h wheel and cutter, The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and rel ^l^tT^rS^l""^ Agrienltural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 6t & 52 North Market Street hy JOSKPH BRECK & (i, " Come rest in this bosom," as the turkey said to the stuflnng." I PATENT COUN SHELLER. I A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor j saving implements that the pra. ileal farmer has in use Various machines for this purpose have hecn invented It can he used in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and durable in its operation and no way liable to gel out of order; one mau can work it to good advaniage, though a man to turn, and a boy to feed it works It much heller than one alone. They are so li"ht and poriahle as to he easily removed from place lo plare. and or,e machine will serve lor several families or even the in- haliitants of a small town. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store JNos. 51 and 52 North Market Street „ , JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. I. WIICLIS'S LATEST iniPISOVED VEGETABLE CtTTEK. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test mproved Vegetal.le Cuiter. This macnine surpasses all others for the purpose of Cutting Rula Baga, Mangel W urtzel, and other roots. The great ohjection to other machines, is their cuiting the roots into slices, which makes It almost imnossihle lor the cattle to get hold of them • this machine with a little alteration, cuts them into large or small pieces ol such shape as is most convenient for the cattle to eat. It will cut with ease from one to two hushels of roots per minute. J06EPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " 'IViick and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO No. 62 North Market st. GREEN'S PATENT STRAW Cl;TTER JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England Agit lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North kel Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Ha\ Stalk Cutler, operating on a mechanical principle'not h applied to any implement fortliis purpose. The most p menl effects of Ihis application, and some o( ihe consei peculiarities of the machine are; t. So great a reduction of the quantum of power reni to use It, that the slrength of a hall grown boy is suHi to work It efficiently. 2. With even this moderate power, it easily cut* two! els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been tia by any other machine even when worked by horse or s power. ' 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which cut. require sharpening less often than those of any i straw cuiter. ^ 4. The machine is simple in its construction made am together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable a' complicated machines in general use to gel out oi ordi LACTOMETERS — a simple instrutrient for tes the quality of milk. For sale by J BRECK & C( NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not i within sixty days. N. B.— Postmasters are permitted by law to frani subscriptions ,iiid reoiittancts for newspapers, wiiJ expense to subscribers. lUTTiK AND DENNETT. PRINTERg, SI Sc-faool Btreet. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicultubal Wahkhouse.) •l..X.\H.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 6, 1843. tlDO. 93. N. E. FARMER, HICII IS THE MOST DIGNIFIED AND HONORABLE PROFESSION.' " Honor and shame from no condition rise — Act well your part, there all the honor lies.." riie latj remarks of the venerable John Quincy ams, before the members of the Bar of the eoun- of Hamilton, Ohio, were of the most interesting racier. Tlie following extract is worthy to be isurcd up and remembered by every one, what- r his profeosion may be, but especially by the tivators of the soil, who, if it were possible, in Adams's estimation, that any class of men uld be raised above another in point of superior nity and honor, would be the favored class : but his view all professions are equally dignified and iiorable, when honorably pursued ; and these ws must also accord with the feelings of every ■d and enlightened man on earth : 'Brethren of the Profession of the Law: — Per- '8 my estimation of the profession, notwithstand- wliat I have said, may not be so high as that ich many of you make. So deep is my imprcs- T of the natural cijuality of mankind, and of the damental rights which that natural equality con- ! upon every human being, that I have been ac- tomed, and have accustomed myself, to transfer t principle of equality to all the professions of n — the honest professions adopted by men in the at and various pursuits of life. It is common to say that the profession of the w is llie highest, most honorable, and most dig- ed that can be exercised by man. Possibly le of you may think so. It is possible that you y have entered upon the profession with that )rea3iuii. But that impression is not mine. I not cunsider it, in point of dignity, in point of lortance, beyond that of the shoemaker, or the or, or the housewright, or mason, or any me- nical profession. I consider it not superior to profession of the healing art, destined to alle- le and remove the physical evils of the human e ; far less do I consider it superior to that pro. lion which connects man with the future and h God. lly opinion is, that the profession of Divinity ids upon the same foundation as the profession he Law. The professors of both are bound by laws of nature and of God, to pass lives of pu- and of innocence, doing all the good they can heir fellow-creatures on earth. And if it is the iWego of the professors of Divinity to stand as iiators between God and man, it is equally that hose of the Law to maintain at all hazards, ov- individual right conferred upon man by Nature I God. I would say, therefore, that we ouglit ■efer tlic whole question of the relative dignity i importance of trades, to that sacred principle latiiral equality, which is the law of nature be- len man and man. ; deem it unnecessary to enlarge further on this ject, I will not discuss the right of different sses to make pretensions to the superiority of their respective professions. If there is any one profession which can claim superiority over all the rest, it is that of the cuUivalor of the earth. For him, more than once, that claim has been asserted. But to him I should assign precisely equal rights with all the rest. Because he in numbers counts more than all the rest — though his profession num- bers more than ten to one of all others together — I cannot admit superiority on his part over the tne- chanic, the merchant, or the lawyer." SYiMPHlTUM. Our readers will recollect that we published in the Journal, last spring, a letter from Mr Ezekiel Rich, of Troy, N. H., to the editor of the Keene Sentinel, giving an account of a new article of food, bearing the botanic name of Symphitum, but more generally known as Comfrey. It was there stated that the root of this plant had never before, to the knowledge of the writer, been cultivated as food for man, or the top as hay for cattle. Mr Rich stated that the product of the top of the plant was very great — two cuttings, in June and Sep- tember, yielding six tons per acre of goml fodder, if well made; and the root, which should be har- vested only once in two years, producing 2400 bushels per aero. The root he stated to be very nutritious, wholesome and palateable for man and beast. The statement was of such a character as to ex- cite some inquiry in our neighborhood, and Mr Abednego Robinson, who is always foremost in making experiments for the improvement of agri- culture, last spring took some pains to collect the icattered roots of the Comfrey on his own farms in this town, and from those in his neighborhood, and succeeded in making a small bed of half a rod square. A few weeks since, in company with some other gentlemen, we visited his premises. The plat was set out in rows of about fifteen inches distant. The tops were thickly set, and we should judge that an acre like it would have produced three or four tons of tops when dried. Mr Robinson has since informed us that he has cut and dried the tops of this plat, and found the weight to be ti 1-2 pounds. This was cut some time in September. It had suffered the disadvantage of a very dry season, and scarrely started until July. There cannot be much doubt, when the root is firm the next season, that it will at two cuttings each produce 2.5 pountis, which is about eight tons per acre. Mr Robinson says his stock of all descriptions eat it eagerly. Another plat on dry ground did not succeed as well as this on moist ground : this, he thinks, may be imputed to extremely dry weather after setting it out. As the season has resulted, it is impossible to judge fairly what ground is most favorable to its culture. It is presumed that it may be culti- vated on variable soils, and will produce in propor- tion to their quality. We could not but observe the great beauty of 'Sis vegetable in its vigor, standing very erect, 2 1-2 feet high, full of leaves, and thick with bloom. Mr R. thinks that the culture of this vegetable will prove a valuable acquisition to agricultural pro- ducts.— Portsmouth Journnl. Emigration Westward. — We were rather surpris- ed to find by a late statement in the travelling notes of Horace Greely, that emigration to the far west is going on, from tlie supposed fertile soils of western New York and Pennsylvania. He stales "New England never witnessed such an emigration as is now going forward, not only from Buft'al,,, but more especially from Cattaraugus and Cliaulnuque coun- ties, from Western Pennsylvania and Northern O- hio, to the region of the Upper Lakes and the Mis- sissippi— mainly to Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin. Those regions would soon be filled to overflowing, were they not in turn drained by emi- gration to Iowa and the Indian territories. So waga Die world. We feel the evils which surround us, and are heedless of those in the distance ; and the emigrant from Connecticut to Iowa is at first aston- ished to find as much discontent in his new country as in the old, and a larger proportion bent on ' go- ing West' to better their fortunes. No matter the Pacific Ocean will bring us up by-and by." Leaves — Among the many materials which at this season may be collected for manure, leaves are far from being the least valuable. As soon as old Boreas has shaken down the withered foliage, har- ness up your team, and devote a day or so to haul- ing in a supply to be used as litter for your hogs, sheep, cows, horses and other domestic animals, a°nd whose comfort during winter, is, like your own, pro- moted by the luxury of a warm bed. In this way, very important and valuable acquisitons may be made in a short time, and without an outlay of much ex- pense.— Maint Cultivator. Eggs.— A correspondent says—" Eggs that pro- duce the male chicken may be distinguished from those that produce the female, by their being long- er and more pointed at the ends than those of the female ; which are more rounded at the ends. People who raise chickens for the market will do well to select those eggs which produce the male chicken to set their hens with, as the males will be larger and of more value than the females." man. -Plow. The breeders' convention at New York, on the 17th of October, the object of which was to fix upon a scale of points constituting a perfect animal, post- poned the consideration of the subject until the next fall meeting of the New York State Agricultural Society. Mr Allen, of New York, mentioned the following as the chief points of excellence : 1st, a deep wide brisket ; 2d, a general fineness of bone, hair, skin, and small olfal ; ;)d, good handlino-. No man ever regretted that he kept aloof from idle companions in his youth. 178 NEW ENGLAND FARMER DKC. 6, T 8 t TRANSACTIONS OF THE HIGH NAND AG- RICIJLT. SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND. Experiments in Deep Ptowinc; The experiment was made upon a field, which is eixtyfive feet above the level of the sea. The soil is sandy, resting upon a subsoil of sand and gravel of great depth, and so thorouglily drained by the declivity of the surrounding lands, that want of moisture is its nat. Ural defect. There is but littlo difference between the soil and the stratum on which it rests, beyond what culture and manure have made; but from sinking of gravel, treading of horses, and pressure of the plow, year afler year, and age after ane, the subsoil had become crusted, hard, and beaten as a road. In short, from shallow plowing, tliere was but little depth of cultivated earth, and, as on all such soils in dry seasons, the crop was scorched and scanty. With a view to render this field fruitful in any season, it was subsoiled with the Deanston plow, eighteen inches deep, and sown with wheat. The great vigor and luxuriance of the crop, attracted general notice, and it must have yielded an extra- ordinary increase, if it had not been lodged by wind and rain shortly after the ear appeared. Therefore, it gave only thirtyeiglit bushels of gram per acre ; but there were three tons of straw, which proved its great strength. To this a crop of pota- toes and two of wheat succeeded ; but it is the culture of this field for crop of 1841, and the re- sults, which chiefly constitute this report. It was all equally dressed with sea-weed ; and four acres of the same quality and description, were measured and staked oflT. Two of these acres were plowed twelve inches deep, with two horses, and two of them eighteen inches deep, with four horses. These two portions in all other respects, were cultivated and managed exactly alike. They were planted with potatoes in the last week of April, eight inches deep, twelve inches asunder, and in drills thirty inches wide, running at right angles to the furrows of the experimental plowing. The potatoes were planted deeper than usual, therefore the shoots were longer coming through the ground ; but ivhen they did appejr, it was with great strength and regularity. They expanded their broad deep-green leaves, and grew vigorous- ly in the dry sandy soil, in a very severe and long- continued drought. It was soon evident that the deepest plowed portion had the advantage ; the stems and branches of its plants were stronger, and covered the ground first. The potatoes from the deep tillnge were larger, more of one size, had fewer small ones, and not so many of a green color as those from the other di- vision. The practical conclusions to be drawn from this experiment are — First, That deep plowing increases the produce. .Yext, That, as boih portions of the land used in the experiment were opened up eighteen inches deep by the subsoil plow in 1837, the full benefit of that operation is not obtained till the earth so loosened is again plowed up. And the reason is evident, for it is then only that the soil is deepen- ed, by an addition from the subsoil with which it is inleriuixed, and rendered more fruitful. Lastli/, If deep plowing increases the produce, it increases also the supply of vegetable manure ; and a greater portion of manure, added to improv- ed culture, must produce a progressive increase of fertility and of produce. A WIFE WORTH HAVING. We were favored, a few weeks since, with an interview with Mr Ilarvey Ford, of Winchester, Litchfield county, who called in to pay his subscrip- tion for the fourth volume of the Farmer's Gazette. IMr Ford's (arm lies principally in the town of Goshen, and like most of his townsmen, he is a thorough-bred dairyman, and is employed in pro- ducing the famous Goshen Butter and Cheese, which has acquired such an enviable name all over the land. His operations in this line are not as extensive as many of his neighbors', he keeping on- ly on an average tivenfi/ cows ; but the products of his dairy are of tlie best quality, and always com- mand the highest price in market. The first pre- mium on Cheese was awarded to him by the Hart- ford County Agricultural Society, in 1842. Feeling highly gratified with this opportunity of an interview with an intelligent farmer from that rich section of our State, we exercised our Yankee prerogrative, and asked Mr Ford a great many questions in relation to his business. We ascer- tained that ho had occupied his farm for about six- teen years, during which time his energies had been directed chiefly to the single object of pro- ducing a first rate article of butter and cheese — those richest of all the products of agricultural la- bor. Among other things, we asked him what quantity of these delicious articles his farm pro- duced annually, and how much he usually laid out for labor, &c. From the answer to these ques- Such a wife is au invaluable treasure to 1 husband. What would some of our modern fi ladies say to this ? What would a fashiona Miss think, if told on her bridal eve that she woi be required during the next sixteen years, to m! ufacture nearly 7000 lbs. of butter and cheese e'l ry summer? If told that instead of spending her husband's money for silks and laces and otll trumpery to enable her to make a great bustle the ball room or at the fashionable watering pla she would be expected by her own industry tot S5U0 a year to the wealth of the family, how wo her little delicate hands be rai-ied in horror at thought ! And yet, our word for it, Mrs Ford I been a happier woman for sixteen years past, tl the most lightly laced and profusely bustled dan sette who promenades Broadway or Chapel strti We arc almost inclined to read a homily on fern education — but it would be out of our appropri sphere. — Co7in. Fur. Gaz. tions, we learned two important facts, viz: that The potatoes were dug in the last week of Oc- j Mrs Ford had performed almost the entire labor of tober, when It was found that the land plowed , i|,e dairy with her own hands, and that Mr F. had twelve inches deep, produced 57 bolls per acre, | a regular account at home of the quantity made and the land plowed eighteen inches deep, produc- 1 each year, the price for which they were sold, &c. ed f)!) bolls per acre, being a difference of twelve , At our solicitation he premised to send us a cor- rect statement of his books. Prompt in the ful- bolls per imperial acre, of four cwt. to the boll. Il is a condition annexed to the premium oflTered by the Highland Agricultural Society for experi- ments in deep plowing, that one-half of the land used "shall be cultivated in the ordinary way." Ky evidence before the Agricultural Committee in 183(j, the depth of plowing in Scotland is from si.v lo nine inches. If that depih had bei'ii taken for the lowest extreme in this experiment, the difie- rence in the production of the two portions, it is believed, would have been greater ; but as this field had been plowed twelve inches deep for years, its ordinary deptli was adhered to, and the diffe- rence is certainly sufficient to establish the advan- tage of deep plowing. filment of his engagement, we received from him, a few days since, a written statement, from which we copy as follows : 108,607 Ib.s. of cheese and butter, exclusive of what was used in the family, and some sold to families of which no account wna kept, miide by one woman, (Mrs. Ford,) during a term of sixteen years last past — except a very small proportion made by others during short intervals while she was absent or out of health. The amount of mon- ey for whicli these articles were sold, was $8,340 80. This is an average of (1800 1-2 pounds of butter and cheese per year, selling for $521 30 ; and all made by the hands of one woman. ORIGIN OF THE PORTER APPLE. Mr Wm. Bigelow, a few years ago, publisher pamphlet entitled "History of Sheiburne." giving an account of its remarkable tr. cs. he nar i the Porter Apple Tree. He says it wus foi growing spontaneously on the farm of Rev. Porter, but produced no fruit for several yei At length Mr P. discovered on it a single apj which he found to be of very agreeable flavor, then paid very particular attention to the tr which became very large and productive, and i ons were carried from it in all directions and grafted on other stocks. He said the stump of parent tree, in 1830, was still remaining on farm of Col. Calvin Sanger. This apple is well known in Boston, and it cr mands the very highest price of all fall fruit, is ripe in September and October. The tree i pretty thrifty grower, the limbs branching a proper angle, not extending horizontally like Greening kinds, nor running up pcrpendiculai like the high Sweeting. Its shoots are more sf der and delicate than those of the Baldwin, thot they arc not so liable to bo winter killed, for tl cease growing earlier in the season. But the P ter is as great and constant a bearer as the Ba win. No fall apple is now so great a favorite in B ton, if we except the Hubbardston Nonsuch, as Porter apple. The Nonsuch ripens in Novem i and December, and is a rich successor of the Pi ter. We are in much want of trees of these t kinds, as our markets are not half supplied w good fall apples Ploughman. Occupation. — No one can be healthy and ha[ without occupation — some regular employment profession. The life of an idler, is always an satisfactory one, and " killing time" is the most • borious of all work A gentleman, after having boughta pairof gC'i of a countryman, in the Boston market, at nii ex . price, asked the seller why he was so unwilling) sell one alone. '• Sir," said he, " they have b( i constant companions _/?Be-(in6?-(ipen/_i/ years, ani could not think of parting them." In Paris, during the month of July, there wn 33,000 sheep consumed. [.. XXIt. NO. 33. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 17.t VALUIO OP URINE AS A MANURE. Ve extract the following from a speech made by Johnson, of Rccleston, iit the anniKil meeting he Chester (Eng.) .Agricultural Society: With respect to nmnure.l of herbage re- sembling small-leafed clover, benring a yellow blossom, which I do not remember previously to have seen on any part. The lawns have continued to improve so rapidly, not only in color but pro- duct, as to excite the surprise of all my friends who had seen them before ; and I assure you that my gardener complains of being obliged to mow three or four times now where he had previously to do so once only. The effect at present, (with every appearance of its continuance,) has been such as very greatly to exceed any other manure I have ever tried. I am yours, truly, Thomas Fra.nck. Preservation of Jlpples. — In the London Garden- er's Chronicle, we find the following account of the mode of preserving apples, adopted by a gentleman in Herefordshire. We are of the opinion it would succeed any where. — Alb. Cult. " He covers the floor of his cellar with hurdles two in thickness, and on these he puts a little straw, upon which the apples are placed without further care. He has at present 110 bushels of apples thus stored in his small cellar: two or three times a week, he gives a good wetting with fresh water, as much as he thinks will thoroughly xvel the tchole of them. This water drains off through the straw and hurdles into a well. In this way, his apples keep well until the time he usually dis- poses of them." Minute Mechanism. — By a measurement lately lade by one skilled in curiosities, it is found that le silk worm's thread is so fine that one drachm of , will extend a distance of one hundred andeighty- ve miles and ninety-two feet ; while the same 'eight of a common grass-spider's thread will reach wo hundred and twelve miles and seventy-four feet. There is in every mind a court, before which all he thoUL'lils, designs and actions, are arraigned and ried. There is no appeal from the decisions of his court, for truth sits as judge — and when it pro- lounces sentence, every criminal is his own execu- ioner. Laborers. — " The laboring men of this country are vast in number and respectable in character. We owe to them, under Providence, the most glad- some spectacle the sun beholds in its course — a land of cultivated and fertile fields, an ocean white with canvass. They are the blood and sinews of the nation — its main support in peace, and its de- fence in war." Poverty is often a torch-light which kindles up an intellectual flame to brighten and beautify the whole moral world ; while the glitter of gold blinds the vision of millions to their best inerests, and finally leaves them in hopeless ignorance and disgrace. Rifrht. The Courts of Georgia have decided that the refusal to take a newspaper from the Post Of- fice and leaving it uncalled for, when all the arrear- ages are not paid, are "prima facie" evidence of in- tentional fraud. CHINF.SC AGRICULTURE. The greatest annual festival upon which the sovereign appearsiii his saccnlotiil character is ihnt of the celebration of the season of the spring, wliicli takes place about the middle of Fubruaiy, ami is one of those anciont observances that helji to preserve the primitive character of this nation. It is then that the Emperor performs the part of the husbanil- man, by ploughing ami sowing seed in an enclosure set apart (or that purpose near the [lalace. The cliiy for the royul ploughing is fixed by the Bo.ird of Rites, and this ceremony was accoinjianied by many solemnitcs on the part of the Emperor, and those who were to assist at the sacrifices — such a« fasting three days until the evening of each, nnd abstaining from all kinds of amusement during that period. Early on the morning of the festival, the Kni|)eror attended by the great officers of State, re- ()airs to the temple of the Earth, where he makes sacrifices and implores a blessing on tho labors of the spring, that they may produce a plentiful har- vest ; and when the.*e rites are ended he de-cends from the temjile into the field ^where all the requisite preparations have been made by forty or fifty hus- bandmen who are in attendance. The Emperor ploughs a few furrows with his own hands, and sowsfive sortsof grain ; after which twelve gran- dees of the first class, plough nnd sow in turn, nnd then the work is completed by the professional husbandmen, each of whom receives a present of a piece of Nankin cloth. The produce of this field is held sacred, and carefully preserved in a granary by itself, to be used for most solemn sacrifices. The ploughing by the Imperial husbandman takes place only ill the capitol ; but in every largo city a cere- mony is performed, called " meeting the spring," when the Governor assumes the character of high priest, and goes out in state, carried in a finely or- namented sedan-chair, preceded by banners, light- ed torches, and music. He is followed by several mandarins in their sedans, and by a number of lit- ters, in which are placeil chililren who are fanci- fully dressed and crowned with (lowers, represent- ing various ileities connected with the labors of the field. But the most prominent figure among the dramatis personm is a huge earthen buffalo, the representative of spring, which is borne in proces- sion to meet the high priest, who de,livers a lecture on the benefits of husbandry, which is one of six- teen discourses read annually to the people. At the conclusion of the lecture, he strikes the bufTalo three times with a staflf, when it is immediately broken in pieces by the populace, and a number of little porcelain cows with which it was filled, fur- nish materials for a scramble. The rest of the day is devoted to amusements. It is thus that the rulers of China, both by pre- cept and example, stimulate their subjects to the pursuit of agriculture, so essential to the support of the empire. And, as the Emperor in person plows the land and sows tho seed, so the Empress also performs her part to encourage another most important branch of industry, by going through, in appearance, at least, all the labors connected with the culture of silk. — Miss Corner's History of Chi- na. 180 NEW ENGLAND FARMER DEC, 6, IS 43. RINGING YOUNG HULLS. The yoiin^ 1-year-oUl bulls should be furnished with a ring in their nose. This instrument is use- ful not only in leading the animal, but, being con- stantly in use, in keeping his temper in subjection. 1 have no doubt whatever that such a ring affords the most complete command over the most furious bull. In case of a bull becoming more irritative and troublesome as he advances in years, which many bulls are inclined to be, the ring furnishes the means of curbing him at once, when it would otherwise be impoesihlj to get hold of his nose. It affords also an easy means of siispendinu a light chain from the nose to the ground, upon which the fore feet are ready to catcii in walking, when the nose receives so sudden a check, that whenever the bull attempt to run at any one in the field, he pains himself Even a young bull in a field, may follow you at first in sporl, and run at you after- wards in earnest. I rwrncniber of being encoun- tered by a 2year-old bull in the midst of a field. Instead of recognizing me, which he used to do, he advanced towards me, bellowing, scraping the ground first with one fore-foot, and then another, and casting the earth over his back. Feeling it to be vain to reach a fence or gate before he could overtake me, and knowing it to be dangerous to in- dicate any motion like retreat, I determined on standing still, and on doing one or both of two tilings, should he approach near enough — namely, to hit him on the forehead with a large stone, and should that fail to scare him, to seize iiim by the tail. With this intent, I picked up a large stone in each hand, and watching the moment when he came near enough, about .5 yards, when his head was at the ground, and while ho was bellowino- and preparing to make a rush at me, (which, sin- gular enough, bulls always do at people with their eyes closed,) I deliberately ajmed and struck hun a blow with all my might between the horns with a atone, the shock of which so terrified him, that he turned round, shook his head, and ran away from nie at fast trot. Had this manoeuvre not succeed- ed in scaring him with the secoml stone, there was no alternative for me but that of laying hold of his tail ; and there is no great difficulty in effecting this with a bull, by boldly going up, and slipping instantly behind him, seize the tail. When the tail is held firmly, the bull has no power to kick, or throw you off; and your policy is to kick his shins if you have no stick, but if you have a stout one, belabor his slianki until he lies down exhausted, which he will soon do under such a punishment, and then you may effect your escape. A number of sharp strokes on the bony or bare part of his legs, will deprive him of courage much more quick- ly than severer punishment upon the fleshy part of his rump and flanks. Not content with defealinc liim in the manner described, I had him immedi- ately brought home, and putting a strong rein-rope in the ring of his nose, led him out to the highway, and gave him such a punishment, by pullini' at, and checking his speed by, the nose, wJule trying to runaway from me, that he became subdued at the sight of a man ever after. To keep him con- stantly in check, however, a chain of such a lenoth as to trail on the ground, was suspended from the ring. This was the first and only instance of bad temper he ever showed. The ring is put into the bull's nose in this way : Let a ring of iron bo provided, of perhaps 'i 1-2 inches in diameter over all, and 1-4 inch diameter in the rod, when finished. It should have a joint in it, to let the ring open wide enough to pass one end through the nose, rnd the two sides of the ring, on being closed again after the operation, are kept together with two countersunk screws. An iron rod tapering to the point, and stouter than the rod of the ring, should be provided. Let a cart- rope have a noose cast firm at its middle, and put the noose over the bull's head, and slip it down his neck, with the knot undermost, till it rests upon the breast. Any mortared wall sufficiently low to allow the bull's head to reach over it, will answer to put him against ; or what is safer for his knees, any gate-way with a stout bar of wood [daced across it as high as his breast. Place Ihe bull's breast against the wall or bar, and pass the rope from the lowest part of the neck along each side round the buttocks, like a breeching, and bring one end of the rope over the wall or bar on each side of the biiil's head, where a stout man holds on at each end, and it is the duty of bolh these men to prevent the bull from retreating backwards from the wall or bar. A man also stands on each side of the bull's buttock to prevent hiiu shifting his po- sition. The operator having the iron rod given him heated in the fire, just red enough to see the heated part in daylight, he takes the bull by the nose with his left hand, and feeling inwards with his fingers, past all the soft part of the nostrils, un- til he reaches the cartilnge or septum of tlie nose, he keeps open the nostrils, so as on passing the hot iron through the septum, it may pass olear through without touching the outer skin of the nostrils, taking care to pass the iron parallel to the front skin of the nose, otherwise the hole will be oblique. Immediately after the rod has been pass- ed through far enough to make the hole sufficient- ly large to give free play to the ring, and the wound has been sufficiently seared, the operator takes the ring, opened, and still keeping hold of the bull's nose with the left hand, passes it through the hole, and on bringing the two ends together, puts in the screws, and secures them firmly with a screw. driver. On being satisfied that the ring turns easily round in the hole, and hangs or projects even- ly, the bull is then released. The ring should not be used until the wound of the nose is completely healed, though it is not uncommon to see the poor animal tormented, in being led about by the ring immediately after the operation, when every part of the nose is still tender and sensitive So alarmed do some bulls become from the ope- ration, that they hang back irom the leading rope of the ring with such force as to pull the ring through the nose : rather than such a result should occur, the rope should be slackened, and the ani- mal relieved from pain as often and until ha learns to yields to the rope. On first trying to lead a bull by the ring, the drover should not endeavor to pull the animal along after liimself, but allow him to step on while he walks by his side, or even be- hind him, with the rope in his hand. While so following, to relieve the animal as much as practi- cable of the weight of the rope upon the nose, the drover should throw the middle of the rope upon the bull's back, and retain a hold of its end. Should he offer to step backwards, a tap on the shank with a stick will prevent him ; and should he attempt to run forward, a monientary check of the rope will slacken his pace. On no account should the dro- ver attempt to struggle with the bull on the first occasion : on the contrary, he should soothe ond pacify him, and endeavor to inspire him with con- fidence in himself and the rope, and to show hin that he will receive no hurt if he will but wall quietly along. The animal will soon learn the tui tion he is undergoing, if he is properly dealt with but if tormented merely that the drover may sho\ his power over a powerful animal, it may be a lon|i time, if ever, before he will learn to behave quietl! when led. — Stephens' Book of the Farm. From tlie Cincinnati Atlas. HORTICULTURAL TOUR TO BOSTON. NO. II Messrs. Editors — By my former communicatiot I became pledged to continue the subject, if yo deemed it of sufiicont importance to your Ilsrticul tural readers to publish the same. To redeem thi pledge will be a sufficient apology for my acrai troubling you. Without recurring to what ha been said, I shall proceed with the narrative of m observations. In my visit to Mr Kenrick's extensive fruit an ornamental establishment, at Newton, I regrette to find him absent from home. This deprived m of an interview at his beautiful location. Mr K. collection is very large, to which he is making cor stant and extensive additions, by importations froi Europe. There being no one at hand to explain, took a hasty ramble over his extensive ground and departed, in the hope that I should have foun time to again visit him. In the vicinity of Mr Kenrick's, there are oth< public nurseries. The Messrs. Winship's among the oldest and largest. They are perha) the most extensive, in the ornamtntal line, of an establishment about Boston: their grounds ai beautifully located, five miles from the city, on th - Western Railroad, which runs directly throug them, making them, by this easy and pleasant mod of access, a place of great resort. Every thing tastefully arranged and neatly kept. Mr James L. L. F. Warren, an intelligent an enterprising nurseryman, not far from the Messr Winship, although comparatively young in tf business, bids fair not to be left far behind, if or may judge from Ihe taste, industry, and good juds ment displayed about his grounds in the arrangi mcnt of its various departments. His collectic of green-house plants is quite good, especially i that of the Camellia, of which he has a large co lection of fine looking plants. His fruit depar ment is respectable, and he is making arangenicn to do an extensive business in this line. He hn produced a very superior Seedling Stra»vberry, a so a fine Seedling Raspberry, and a Seedlin Cherry, which bid fair to rank high in these clasi es of fine fruits. In iny visit to the Messrs. Hyde, of Nenton, was much interested. In these gentlemen I foun) the true Ne>« England character exemplified — "1 place for everything, and everything in its rigli place." Ill connection with their farming as fruit operations, they are doing considerable in til nursery line. One of them, with delight, points out to me the various interesting objects of th place ; among the rest, a great elm, under tt shadow of whose boughs, his ancestry, for three i four generations back, were wont to rest their wei ry limbs from their toilsome but weary labor. 1 speaking of the fine appearance of their crops ari trees, on land which had been so long in use, H observed that ihey were obliged to manure highl XXII. NO. as. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 181 cr to an inquiry as to what it haJ cnst t!iein, that thoy had pniil as hiyh as §500 per an- inanure ; and they fonnd the more lliey ind pnt on the land, the better they could pay for it. The next object which at- ny attention was tlie great quantity of their Plum trees. They informed mo that \v years since, they were unable to save his fruit, from the ravages of that destruc- :ct, the Curculio, until they were advised, irted to saturatin^i; the jjround, for some dis. uud the trees, with salt ley, since which e found no trouble from the Curculio. t ley is the soapboilers' refuse, a highly sa- slance: the query in my mind is, whether ne substance does not destroy the Curculio From the American Agriculturist. III.V TS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HENS. The recipes for producing eggs are innumera- blo. One proposes retaining no male bird in the flock; another would have one to each half dozen hens. One requires, as the sole condition of their laying, that they be furnished with lime ; a second, a warm room ; a third, plenty of gravel : and a fourth, parched corn ; while some would allow a nest full of eggs to lay to, others would not per- mit the poor biped even one she may call her own. There is scarcely anything on which there is more twattle and quackery ; and to remove equally the whims and ignorance connected with it, we devote a few niinutes for the purpose of partially ehicida- ■ub form, in the earth ; if so, then llie diffi-, ting the subject, the way of a plentiful crop of this very t is entirely within the control of the cuU at so cheap a rate that no one need hesitate ly it. There is no country in the world he Plum tree flourishes better, or fruits :)fusely than in the Western country ; and e is perhaps no country where less Plums ight to maturity. If, therefore, any meth- i)e discovered by which this common ene- le Plum may be destroyed, we shall add I the luxury of the dessert, in this delicious I hone, therefore, that your readers will 3 subject a fair trial, and report the result. y visit to the new grounds of the Messrs. at Cambridge, I was much pleased with jrprising spirit with which they are pro- y in their operations. The location is a ; for a public nursery, and they have made beginning. They have erected a handsome acious green-house. Their collection of is good, especially in that of the Rose, is large, and very fine. Their collection of i is also good. They have quite a respec- umberof fruit and ornamental trees, to which 0 making rapid additions, and will, without rank in a very short lime among the best =hnienl3 in the country. attention was next directed to the nursery of •nuel Pond, of Cambridgeport. 'I'liis gen- deserves much credit fur the neatness and n which he keeps his grounds, and every- :onnected with liis business. His trees look nionly fine, and although his grounds are not ive. he appears to understand the true meth- urning them to the best account. He has liimself to be a most successful cultivator, ly of treo-s but also of fruit, especially of rrant, by his fine displays at the Horticultu- oms in Boston.* I am told that his method ting the Currant is, having planted out the )rt8 in rows a suitable distance apart, he runs )w between the rows annually, throwing the "rom the plants ; he then fills the furrow Id, well-rotted manure, then turns the earth vith the plow. This, with a suitable spring g, secures to him an ample reward for his in an abundant crop of superior fruit. Would be well if our fruit growers could be induc- pay a little more attention to this fruit .' th your leave, I will trouble you with a few abservations, in a future number of your ex- t paper, and in the mean time I remain yours, nuch respect, A. H. ERNST. The hen is peculiarly an egg-produoing bird. She has the same predisposition for laying, that the cow has for secreting milk. Some breeds are better adapted for this object than others ; but in all that have over come within our notice, the prop er food and circumstances are alone wanting to produce a reasonable quantity of eggs. What are these requisites ? Let us first inquire what it is we wish to procure, and the answer will enlighten us materially as to our first queries. The egg consists of three distinct parts — ^tlie shell, the white, and the yolk. A good-sized egg will weigh 1000 grains, of which about 107 are shell, 604 are white, and 289 are yolk. Of the shell, 07 per cent, is carbonate of lime, 1 per cent, phosphate of liine and magnesia, and 2 per cent, albumen. The white consists of 12 per cent, of albumen, 2.7 of mucus, 0.3 of salts, and 8.5 of wa- ter. The yolk has about 17-4 per cent, of albu- men, 28. C of yellow oil, 54 of water, with a trace of sulphur and phosphorus. The above are the constituents of eggs, which have been formed when the bird has free access to the various articles which constitute her natural food. But they vary with circumstances. When full fed and denied all access to lime, she will form an egg without tiie shell, and deliver it enclosed in the membrane or sack which always surrounds the white when covered by the shell. When scantily fed, they will frequently iay ; but from a deficiency of nu- triment, the eg^ will be meagre and watery, and po.isess but a small portion of the nutritious quali- ties peculiar to them. To produce the largest num- ber of good eggs on the least quantity of food, several things are requisite, the first of which is an abundance of the right kind of food. This is the most readily obtained in part from animal food. In warm weather, when they have a free range, they matter, it must be given in grains containing it. Indian corn has but a very small proportion, yield- ing only about .lU per cent, of nitrogen. Oats hiive a much larger proportion, alfording 2.2 per cent., being more than eleven times as much as corn, pound for pound. U heat has from 2 to .'} 1-2 per cent. Barley affords more than corn, but much less than oats. Many of the vegetables yield ni- trogen in small quantities, such as potatoes, which, when boiled, are a favorite, and perhaps economi- cal food for hens. But alter supplying them with a due proportion of animal food, which under favo- rable circumstances, they will procure for them- selves when enjoying a good range in summer, the most economical food is oats. When wheat is grown on the premises, it is probable that is the next most economical, the much larger quantity of nitrogen contained in it, being more than a com- pensation for its increased price. Hens will do much better to have a free range, as their instinct enables them to select food pre- cisely adapted to their wants; and the exercise and rolling in the dirt are essential to their health. If confinement is necessary, in addition to the food above, they must be furnished with plenty of clean water, gravel and lime. Gravel is necessary to grind their food, and without lime they cannot form their shells ; for though a small portion exists in all grains, it is not in sufficient quantity to afford the amount required for the formation of the shell. A small amount of sulphur and phosphorus is found in the egg, but this exists to a sufficient exlent in their ordinary food, nearly all substances yielding a portion of each. In winter, hens should be kept warm, or they will not lay to any extent. If sur- rounded with a comfortable temperature, with the addition of the food above indicated, they will lay nearly all the lime. There is great economy in keeping hens where there are suitable conveniences for them ; for if furnished with plenty of proper food and a warm room, even in winter they will produce two or three limes the value of their food in eggs, as they com- mand a larger price at that time. At all other seasons when they run about, they select for them- selves nearly all the food they consume, which would otherwise be of no use to their owner ; nay, frequently lis consumption is of positive benefit to him. Such are all insects, grubs, worms, and their larva;, and any animal or vegetable food scattered ro\ind the premises, that would otiierwise become puirid, and taint the atmosphere. If to the usual qualities of hens, a breed of pe- culiar elegance, of graceful forms, and beautiful plumage, be added good layers and good carcase, can generally supply their wants, in the abundance | we have a combination of utility, luxury, and taste ? presume the writer here alludes to some other nor as having been particularly successful with irraot — probably Mr A. 1). Williams, ofRoxbury. of insects, earlh worms, and other animal matters within their reach. How greedy do they show themselves of everything of an animal character. There is nothing scarcely of this nature they re- fuse, and 80 ravenous are they for this species of food, that 1 have seen them fasten to ihe entrails of a slaughtered pig, a part of which they had swal- lowed, and were unable to separate it from the ad- hering mass ; and who that has heen familiar with rural scenes, has not often ohserved them in sum- mcrj with a snake 13 or 18 inches long squirming in their beak, or an unlucky toad, as large as one of their own eggs, dangling in their bill, a prey to their carnivorous propensities. The large propor- tion of albumen contained in their eggs, requires that much of their food should be highly nitrogen- ized, and when they cannot procure this in animal n this bird, which should commend them as gene- ral favorilies. I will add a fact, which is not known, except, perhaps, to some of peculiarly discriminating and highly cultivated palates, that in addition to their stronger claims on the score of beauty, the (lesh of the yellow. legged is iwuch richer, and more highly flavored, than either the white or the black-legged liens. R. L. ALLEN. Salting Stock. — Stock of all descriptions require to be salted at least thrice a week ; and if, instead of giving them all salt, equal parts of salt, lime and ashes were mixed together, the compound would prove cheaper and more health-preserving. — Jlmer. F r. 182 NEW ENGLAND FARMER DEC. e, II AND HOUTICULTURAI, RKGISTER. Edited by Joseph Breck. BosTow, Wedkesday, Dec. 6, 1843. FISH MANURE. A correspondent wishes inrormation on ihe subject of fjsii manures ; — 1st, The most valuable species of fish used. 2(1, Their comparative value compared with oth- er manures. 3d, The quantity used per acre. 4ih, The mode of npplying — whether in a crude slate, or made into a compost — and any other information in relation to the subject. Before attempting to answer these inquiries, we shall he obliged to confess our ignorance upon the subject, so far .IS relates to nnr own experience in using this ma- nure. But as it has been extensively used on some por- tions of our own sea-coast, especially in Rhode Island, on Long Island, in somu of the maritime sections of our own Sl.ito, and in England, we may be enabled to draw from the writings and experience of olhers, some parlic- ulars whicli may be beneficial to our correspondent and others. C. W. Johnson, in his valuable work, says that " fish are very rich fertilizers ; the flesliy or muscular portions abounding in oil. The scales are composed of coacrj- lated albumen, phosphate and carbonate of lime, in differ- ent proportions. The fish usually employed as manure in England ore, sprats, pilchards, herring, sticklebacks, and whale blubber." He says the quantity of sprats ap- plied to the acre varies from twentyfive to fortyfive bushels, the poor gravelly soils requiring more than the loamy lands. " They are spread by h.ind, from seed baskets, and on winter fallows intended for oats; on which, especially if the summer is not too dry, it pro- duces most luxuriant crops, of a peculiar dark-green col- or, yielding 10 or 11 quarters (80 to 8S bushels,) to the acre, and that on land of a second-rate description. The effect, however, remains only for one crop. They pro- duce an equally good result if mixed with earth, and suffered to remain and dissolve for some time in the heap, before tliey are carted on the land. In this way, ihey answer exceedingly well for turnips. " The employment ol herring for the purpose of ma- nuring the ground, is limited to those districts near the eea, to which ihey are regular visitors in large shoals. They are a very oily fish, and produce the same luxuri- ance of growth as sprats or pilchards. Arthur Young has given us an account of an experiment, in which some wheat manured with these fish, grew so luxuriant- ly, that it was entirely laid before the period of harvest. Very numerous or accurate experiments with this fish can hardly be expected, for its use must he confined lo peculiar districts; and when 'obtained, it is generally plowed in with considerable expedition, or dug into earth heaps, which is a mode found to answer extremely well." " When once the fish begin to putrefy, their fertiliz- ing properties rapidly diminish; the oil from the fer- menting spraLs, I have seen dripping from the wagons as they travelled along ; thus they speedily lose in weight, and become intolerably obnoxious to the district through which they pass." Mr Johnson informs us that fish oils are composed of exactly the same materials that constitute all vegetable substances, differing only in the proportions; for su^ar, starch, gluten, gum, &C-, are all composed of these three Bubsianc.js— carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, in which fish oils abound. According to Dr. Thompson's analysts of train oil, (and all fish oils do not materially differ from this in composition,) he found in 100 p.irls Carbon, 68.87 Hydrogen, 16.10 Oijgen, 1503 100. Spermaceti oil, according to Dr. Ure, contains in 100 parts — Carbon, 78.00 Hydrogen, J 180 Oxygen, 10.20 100. It will be perceived by these statements ihat the more oily the fish, Ih i more valuable it is for manure. Every portion of the oil is food for plants. The kind of fish most in use as a manure, on the coast of New England, is the Menhaden, in some places called the Hardhead. Dr. Mitchell says they are pecu- liar to our marine coast, and not an inhabitant of the transatlantic waters. In a letter from Lemuel W. Briggs, of Bristol, R. I., published in the N. E. Fanner, in 1825, we get the following particulars : " The Menhaden in size are larger than the alewives, and smaller than the shad, which they very much re- semble in shape and appearance. They come into our bays and harbors in the month of April, and continue until late in the fall. When they first make their ap- pearance, they are not so fat, and do not yield so much oil. They are taken in seines, and generally sell out of the boat from 16 to 25 cents per barrel. From two lo three barrels are esteemed equal to a common load of manure. " There are three ways in which they are generally applied as a manure : 1. Thiy are spread on meadows [not what are called fresh meadows in Mass.,] immedialely after, or soon af- ter mowing. It is generally done with a fork from the cart, taking care to go about and lay them opart C, 8, or 10 inches. From 30 to 75 barrels on an acre, is a com- mon coat. An immediate decomposition of fish takes place, the oil escapes and runs into the ground, and wherever it touches, the grass, in a few days, is entirely destroyed, first turning a dark red, and then lo a black mouldy color. In a short time there will start up an en- tire new crop of grass around every fish, and grow sur- prisingly fast. What is astonishing, yet true, in moist cold meadows, (and it is on such meadows and pastures the do best,) where nought but the poorest and coarsest grass grew before, not worth mowing, herds-grass, red- lop, &c., as if by charm, will make their appearance, grow and cover the ground, and frequently from one to three tons of hay will be cut the succeeding summer. It is supposed that the seeds of these grasses lie in a dor- mant stale until Ihey feel the vivifying effects of the fish oil. The grass thus brought forth, is very sweet, so that cattle, horses or sheep prefer it, and will turn over the fish to eat it, and the hay partakes of the same qualities. " The influence of a coat offish on grass land, will be plainly discernable for 4 or 5 years, but most farmers apply a fresh coal once in three years. The practice of fishing meadows has been followed by some farmers in this Slate for 20 years, and perhaps hmger, but it is not more than 10 years since they have been so generally used in this town. " 2. These fish are plowed into tillage land in the fall of the year. When spread on land and suffered to lie and rot, much of the fertilizing qualities of the fish pass off in the air, which is very sensibly impr gnaled but in the hitler case, ihe whole fish rots and with the soil or earth, and adds very much to ihe ty. Some of our best crops of onions are raisei land prepared in ihis way. Many farmers place i two fish near a hill of corn before weeding or hah ing, at which lime they are covered with the hoe. growing crop will be much improved, but the c corn or rye the following year, will feel in a grea gree their fertilizing effects. "3. In seasons of the year when it is not conv to spread them on meadows or plow them in, a fit, as it is generally called, is made. This is usiiall by plowing a spot of ground as large as is desirab pulling on Ihis a coat of earth from 8 to 10 thick ; on Ihis, place a laying of fish and a la earth alternately, taking care Ihat Ihe las: coats of earth, and sufficienlly thick to prevent the esi the effluvia arising from ihem during their deco lion. In the spring of the following year, ihe dug over and immediately cariied where it is v and plowed in. " In either of the above ways that fish are us have an excellent manure and at not much cxc half the cost of any other kind." -As to Ihe comparative value of fish and olh nures, we believe no careful experiment has been to asrerlain this with any accuracy. Mr Job I of Tiverton, R. 1., in answer lo the inquiries of T.Jackson, when engaged in his geological sui that Slate, says, that fish manure is more aciii quicker than stable manure. '' Fish used alo hausts itself in three or four years, unless the i consumed on the ground. After being used on . throws up a great crop of grain, (if grain follon the new meadow is too frequently light. Its use be continued on the meadow." Mr Joseph Cli Portsmouth, R. I., has used fish for manure 20 yean considers 40 barrels per acre equal to 8 cartloads mon manure. (To be continued.) MASS. HORTICULTURE SOCIETI EXHIBITION OF FRCITS. Saturday, Dec. 2, ] The exhibition of fruits today v^•as excellen quantity was not large, but very select. A Seedling Pear was exhibited, grown by M Goodale, of Saco, Me., known as the McLaoghl described by Mr Manning in No. 33, pagoCSo'fh Magazine. This Pear makes thiee new vari American origin, brought to the notice of the i within a few months. That should be in every se of good Pears. Mr S. Pond, of Cambridgeport, presented sever; es of fino fill and winter Pears, consisting of ^ lenie, Dix, Diel, and Napoleon. They were pui by one ofour most popular fruit sellers, at about t a dozen for the lot, or about twenty dollars a bus By MrVandine, of Cambridgeport— Delices i ; denpont (') a fine flavored Pear ; Marie Louise ai Long Rosewater do. ; fine specimens. From Mr Geo. Howland, of New Bedford— 20 . pies, grown hy him on his farm in Cayuga county They were ol a large size, striped, with red and and of a good flavor. Considering the size, col flavor, Ihey will rate with the best. Mr II. li thanks for ihis pxhibilion. From Mr S. W. Cole, a fine specimen of Ihe i Ball Apples. From Mr Edmund .Marsh, of Quincy, a fine spi of Lewis Pears. We have not known the Lewis- than Ihny are this year. From B. V. French, Apples— Wells Pippin. From Mr Ji. M. Richards, Dedham, a fine sp. of the Minister Apple and Winter Nelis Pears. For the Committee, BENJ. V. FREKii Xlt. so. !83. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 18;J TIlKR.MOMETRrCAL. Repnrted lor the NVw Etipliind Karnier. if the riiermometerat tlie (lardeiiof tlie proprictore \v Biig;tai)M. VANDINE'S NURSERY, CAMBRIDGEPORT. The Subscriber offers for sale a fine assort- ^ment of choice Pear, Plum and Peach Trees; ^also Gooseberry and Raspberry bushes ; fine /»- abclla and Catairbn Grape Vines, from two lo . four years old. Shrubbery, &c. H. VANDINE. November 4, 1843. SPLENDID BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS. Just received by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., from Hol- land, a large and well selected assortment of DUl^CH BULBOUS ROOTS, among which are the following .— Hyacinths, of every color and variety. Tulips, do. do. do. do. do. Polyanlhus J^arcissiis, Mardssvs, Jonquills, Ranun- culits, Anemones, Iris, Crocuses, of all colore. Gladiolus, Lillies, &.C. &c. Those who wish for fine Bulbs will do well to call and examine ihe above, as they are a choice selected lot, and will give universal satisfaction. Orders should be forward- ed soon to the subscribers, 51 and 52 Norlh Market Street, office of the N. E. Farmer. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. No,v. 1. PRINCE'S LINN.X:AN BOTANIC GARDEN AND NURSERIES, AT FLUSHING. WM. R PRINCE & CO. offV-r for sale Fruit Trees of large size, of the most esiimable varie- ties, and warranled exact to ibeir names. 10,009 Quinces 3 feel high, at S2o per hundred, and 24 feet high at SI 6 per hundred. C'hina Roses, 250 varieties, embracins all the classes of Bourbon Noselte, Ben- gal Daily, Tea, Microphylla, Banksii, Hybrid. Perpetual, Multiflora, &c., and comprising above one hundred new va- rieties not yet inserted in the American Catalogues, at the following low rates: — 25 varieties one each hir S9 ; 50 varie- ties, one each for Sl6 ; 100 varieties, one each for 830. One hundreske that such a bee is the ier of the country. There are some who be- in the existence of a reigning governing bee, who denotninate it a'A-j'ng-." Such people irally consider the " king 4ee" a male, and sup- the drones are females. I have often exami- the drone bees at various seasons of the year, pening their abdomens, but could never find appearance of eggs in them. But eggs have 1 found ill what is called the queen bee. lines Righlmirc, ofKnox county, in this state, a 1 of German descent, an old bee hunter, and a e observer, (though of limited opportunities for ing,) states that he has several times found i in queen bees that had been killed or injured iccident. He also relates some facts which go nile the question whether it is the old queen or lungone which leaves the hive when a new rm comes out. Some expert bee keepers in the practice of closely watching a hive when about swarming, and by securing the queen of new colony, when she makes her a]ipcarance, cropping one of her wings, so that she cannot prevent the swarm from going off to the woods, the bees will not leave their queen. Mr. Right- e states, that several years since, he caught a en bee at the time a swarm was coming ou* of ve, and cropped her wings. He put her into a I hive, and the swarm soon followed her. He t this bee for jive years, during which time she le out with seven or eight new swarms, always dnsr out whenever Ike hive she was in siearmcd. is bee was at last killed by accident. She came with a swarm, and being unable to fly, fell the ground. Mr. R. noticed the confusion of bees, and went to search for the queen ; but , lying ou the grass, could not be readily seen, I he inadvertently crushed her with his foot. ; was full ofegs;s, and but for her tragical end, ht have lived to propagate her species for five irs longer. Sometimes there are several queens come out :h a swarm. In this case, the swarm is either )divi(led, each queen taking a portion, or as is re frequently the case, battles ensue between queens, and the right to wield the sceptre of lernment is decided by mortal combat, the con- test continuing until only one remains alive. Mr. Rightmire says he has often witnessed these con- flicts, and in one instance knew four queens to be killed in a single hive, before peace was secured. During these battles, the bees seemed in the great- est commotion, doing nothing but run about in the most agitated manner. Sa.nford How.vrd. Zanesville, O., Sept., 1S4S. CANADA THISTLES. We are requested to give some good method of destroying Cnnada thistles. We have had some- thing of consequence to do with this great pest of Ihe farmer. They may be very quickly and cheap- ly destroyed by using the land for a mowing field. | On tillage, they are a great nuisance. High cultivation makes them grow the better. The common operations in hoeing will not destroy them, and on sowing land down to grain or grass, the thistles almost get the exclusive occupancy, and what of other crops may chance to grow, it is diffi- cult 10 harvest, and before it is ripe, the thistles will have produced a large crop of seed, that will become scattered in every direction. By using land that was full of thistles for mow. ing, we have a mixed crop of grass and thistles the first season, and when cut early to prevent seeding, the thistles will be eaten by horses, if not by other stock. On mowing the second year, there will be but lew thistles, and they will be very slim and weak. In this way they may be totally destroyed with very little trouble or disadvantage, when the land can be conveniently used for mowing; and if it is filled with thistle seed that will lie dormant for awhile and start on cultivating the land, it may be kept in grass, and renovated by inverting the sod and sowing to grass again. If a pasture be much infested with thistles, the best way is to turn it to mowing, and in a few years they will be destroyed. We have mowed thistles several years in succession in a pasture, without reducing them any of consequence. On using the land for mowing, most of the thistles disappeared the second year. This is the cheapest mode of destruction. — Exeter JVews Letter. ./lid of Science to ^Agriculture. — If the earth is to be tilled at all, it must be tilled according to some ride. But that rule, we are told, is fi)unded upon experience. And upon what is natural sci- ence founded, but upon this same experience, aid- ed by experiments, and the whole digested and ar- ranged by talent and industry .' It is rare to find any one so very prejudiced as to reject the wisdom of /lis oicii experience ; how blind and selfish, then, to reject the experience of others! If there were no other advantage, the time saved by substituting experiment for experience, when it can be done to advantage, is of the utmost importance to the hus- bandman. Time is money — and such men as Da- vy, Liehig, and Sillnnan, can extract in a few days, more solid information from a few well directed experiments, than can be gleaned from the experi- ence of a whole life, unaided by the lights of sci- ence. Hence a partial acquaintance with some of the sciences — chemistry, in particular — becomes necessary to the farmer who would not be a mere drudge, doomed to follow in the worn-out track of Ills ancestors. — Browne's •'Iddress to the Philad. Jlgricul. Soc. NOTICES OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. Messrs. Tappan & Dennett have published a little work, entitled " The Revised Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and additional laws up to 1841, reduced to questions and answers, for the use of Families and Schools : by Wm. B. Wedgewood, A. B." This work will be found highly useful to enlighten the nunda of our youth in relaticm to our laws, which are here presented in a simple and attractive form. Transactions of the Worcester County Jigrmdlu • ral .Society for the year ISi'l : Printed by order of the Trustees We are indebted to J. W. Lincoln, Esq., for this report. It contains the Hon. Cliarlea Hudson's address, and other matters of interest, which we shall occasionally publish for the benefit of our readers. " The Farmer's Museum." — We have received a specimen number of a new agricultural periodical with the above title, to be issued monthly, com- mencing with January, from the office of the Al- bany Cultivator. It will be of half the size of that popular magazine, and furnished to subscribers at 50 cents per year. The " .Museum" will be made up of selections from the well-filled pages of the "Cultivator," — and this is a sufficient guarantee of its worth. Seasonable Hints. Shut Ihe Door. — You found it closed when you entered — why, then, should you leave it open ? A man who is thought- less in this particular, we regard as one who con- ducts all his business rather loosely. Square up .Accounts. — The first of January is not far distant: prepare yourself to settle with all you owe, and make all who owe you, do likewise. And first of all, remember the printer's I'ill. "Dow, jr." the preacher, says somewhere in hij " Potent Ser- mons," that he never knew a man to prosper in life who defrauded the printer. Whether this be so or not, they only deserve to prosper who " deal justly." Tlie Cattle's (Quarters. — See that your cattle are well secured against cold. " Comfort is cheap fod- der,"— and it is hardly less a dictate of self-interest than of duty and humanity, to see that your ani- mals are comfortably provided for. Gates for Bars. — If you liavo any bars on your premises, substitute gates in their stead. TJiese are both time-saving and labor-saving fixtures, and have the additional merits of being more secure and more convenient. Barn Cellar If it can be as conveniently done now as at any time, construct a cellar undcryour barn, or a portion of it, for the storage of roots, and the preservation of manure. The farmer who has no barn cellar, is getting to be considered be- hind the ago. The Children. — Do n 't keep your children from school in the day time, nor make them shell corn in the evening, if they are disposed to pursue their studies or to read any useful book. Next to the duty you owe your God, is that which you owe your offspring — and you cannot more faithfully discharge it than by giving them in their youth every possi- ble facility for the acquisition of knowledge, while you impress upon their minds the precepts of mo- rality and illustrate them by your own consistent example. 188 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, BEC. 13, IS- LAND DRAINING. Tlie Hon. Isaac Hill, editor of llie Farmer' Monthly Visitor, copies our article upon "Land Draining, in which we alluded to the experiments of Mr Frencli, of Braintree, and appends the fol- lowing remarks : " The testimony of nur friend Breck and tlie ex- ample which he presents in favor of land draining, confirms fully what the Farmer's Monthly Visitor has repeated in nearly every paper for the last two years. We know the patriotic individual well, Hon. B. V. French, who is bringing up his farm in Braintree, at the expense of iJ^O an acre, by under- draining : ho is intelliijent and practical in liis pro- fession, and would be the last man in Massachusetts to throw away his money by covering it under ground. Our hilly rocky grounds in New England, are generally of the land that has turned out belter to the tirst settlers than any other lands, saving, per- haps, the comparatively small tracts of river allu- vion. Farmers who made their pitch on these lands on tho sunny side of hills with the right slope that naturally drained themselves, and who thus have found their lands of permeable deep and warming soils, have been able to keep up the cliar- acter of theirs as good farms ; but much of the lands which at first turned out great crops, have flattened down and become both cold and sterile. There are hundreds and thousands of acres of land long mowed, and pasture grounds covered with moss and hard-hack, that now seem to be worth but a mere trifle either for the crop gathered or fed. Much of this land will not pay tl.f taxes and the interest of any nominal sum put down as its estimated value. The sour cold land south of Boston in Norfolk and Plymouth counties, {that part of Massachusetts in which Mr French resides,) is much of it even harder to reclaim than the more hilly country fur- ther in the interior. If he can disjoint the supera- bundant rocks and dispose of them in drains, at the expense of thirty dollar.s the acre, we should Bay that much of the cold hard lands among the higher hills of Middlesex and Worcester, in Mas- sachusetts, and Hillsborough, Merrimack, Cheshire and Grafton, in New Hampshire, might be cleared say for twenty dollars the acre. Indeed, we know of no way more convenient or less expensive for disposing of superabundant rocks, than digging trenches which shall cut otf the cold springs in hard-hack pastures and in side-hill basins where the wild meadow grasses only grow in meagre quantities. The rocks are put out of tha way of the cultivator forever, and will always be perform- ing a useful service as a drain bed for the surplus water that, while lying near the surface, is of se- rious detriment to the growth of all useful vce- tation of the surrounding land. The main drains should be constructed with great care, so as to leave space for the running of water: this is very easily done. If the ground be porous and soft, a. board laid along at the bottom will prevent its gullying; and a little care will be neuesiiary to place the stones in a position so there shall bo no caving. The rocks may afterwards be laid in promiscuously until within about a foot of the surface, when shavings, straw, or if nothing more convenient, turned-over sods will prevent the din from falling into the crevices so as to clog or prevent the passage of the water. Where the ground is near a level, there must be more frequent ditches and passages made for the water. The main passages should be completed in the first in- stance; and if the smaller passages shall not be sufficient to efl'ectually drain the land, then other subsidiary drains mny be very convenient to dis- pose of the additional rocks that shall bo brought upon the surface by the deeper plowing. It will be found upon all these heavy lands, that the most valuable part for cultivation will be over the covered ditches. The moisture of the covered rocks furnishes protection at all times against drought; and the influence of the sun and atmos- phere imparts that genial warmth so necessary for the free growth of vegetation. Where the drains are sufficiently nnmerous, the plow, year after year, should be struck deeper and deeper, an inch or two, into the hard pan, if there be a rocky hard pan, as is commonly the casp. Every turning up an inch of the pan will be equal in its effect of several years, to the value of a coat of manure. If too much be brought upon the sur- face at once, until it has had an exposure to the atmosphere, it will rather injure than benefit the first year's crop ; and from this circunistance arises the dread felt by most farmers at plowing up "rav- el from below the surface mould. It is our sin- cere belief that on any cultivated ground, a quantity of this lower sand or gravel brought up and mixed with the surface mould will always be beneficial ; there is no hard pan stirred by deep plowing, that will not ultimately be of great benefit in any cul- tivated field." ♦ * * » » MAKING CAPONS. The following article on making capons, ia the best within our recollection. It is taken from the directions accompanying the sets of instruments for caponizing, made by Mr John Mendenhall, Philadelphia. — .4mec. Jigricult. '• Fowls intended to be cut, must be kept at least twentyfour hours without fond, otherwise the en- trails will fill the cavity of the belly and render it almost impossible to complete the operation ; be- sides, when they have been starved the proper length of time, they are less liable to bleed. The chicken is taken at any age, from five days old until it begins to crow, or even after. Lay the fowl on its leftside on the floor, draw the wings back, and keep it firm by resting the right foot on its legs, and the other foot or knee on its wing.s. (The table, with the apparatus, does away with the necessity of this stooping position.) Be careful that the head of the fowl is not held down, or even touched during the operation, as it would be sure to cause it to bleed. Pluck the feathers off" from its right side near the hip-joint, in a line betiveeii that and the shoulder joint: the space uncovered should be a little more than an inch square. Make an incision between the two last ribs, having first drawn the skin of the part backward, so that when left to itself it will cover the wound in the flesh. In some fowls. the thigh is so far forward that it covers the two last ribs ; in which case, care must be taken to draw the flesh of the thigh well back, so as not to cut through it, or else it would lame »e.uom uie arier, unJess they have received so the fowl, and perhaps cause its death in a few days internal injury, or the flesh of the thigh has bt after the operation, by inflaminor. <•..» ti.r«..«i. r _-. ■_ ■ . .- . , The ribs are to be kept open by the hooks — the opening must be enlarged each way by the knife, if necessary, until the testicles, which are attached to the back bone, arc entirely exposed to view, to- gether with the intestines in contact with thein. The testicles are enclosed in a thin skin, con. ing them with the back and sides; this mus laid hold of with the pliers, and then torn ■ with the pointed instrument — doing ii first oi upper testicle, then on the lower. (The lowei tide will generally be found a little behim other — that is, a I ttle nearer the rump.) Nex troduce the loop; (which is made of a horse or a fibre of cocoa-nut ;) it must be put round testicle which is uppermost, in doing which spoon is serviceable to raise up the testicle push the loop undrr it, so that it shall be bron to act upon the part which holds the testicle t(i back ; then tear it off by pushing the tube to the rumpof the fowl, at the same time drawing; loop. Then scoop it and the blood out witi spoon, and perform the same operation on the c testicle. Take away the hooks, draw the skin and close the wound ; stick the feathers that pulled off' before, on the wound, and let the birn Remarks — If the operalion be performed vi out sufficient skill, many of the fowls will p not to be capons; these may be killed for us soon as the head begins to grow large and get and they begin to chase hens. The real c; will make itself known by the head remai small, and the comb small and withered ; the fc ers of the neck or mane will also get longer, the tail will be handsomer and longer : they sh be kept to the age of fifteen or eighteen moi which will bring them in the spring and sumi when poultry is scarce and brings a high p Take care, however, not to kill them near moul time, as all poultry then is very inferior. The eration fails, principally, by bursting the test so that the skin which encloses the soft matter, mains in the bird, and the testicle grows ag Birds of five or six months are less liable to 1 the testicles burst in the operation than your fowls, but they are also more apt to bleed to d(. than those of from two to four months old. A skilful operator will always choose fowl from two to three months; he will prefer, a Isc take ofl" the lowest testicle first, as then the bl will not prevent him from proceeding with other; whereas, when the upper onels taken the first, if there should be any bleeding, he to wait before he can take off" the lower teli'ticle The large vein that supplies the entrails v blood, passes in the neighborhood of the testici there is danger that a young beginner may pie it with the pointed instrument in taking off skin of the lotver testicle, in which case the chi en would die instantly, for all the blood 'in its b, would issue out. There are one or two sma veins which must be avoided, which is very ea as they are not difficult to see. If properly m aged, no blood ever appears until a testicle is ken off: so that should any appear before that i operator will know that he has done someth.l wrong. If a chicken die from the operation, it is bleeding; (of course it is us proper for use as bled to death by having its throat cut;) they V( seldom die after, unless they have received so internal injury, or the flesh of the thigh has bt cut through, from not being drawn back from the last two ribs, where the incision is made ; of which are apt to be the case with youn^^ prac tioners. ° If the te.'ticles be found to be large, the bamb tube should be used, and it should have a 8tro ft I,, hii.no. a*. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 189 i-nnt striii;; in it, — for small ones, tlie silver with a liorse-liair in it, is best, hen ii chicken lias been cut, it is necessary e letting it run, to put a ;)ernianent marl: up- otlierwise it would be impossible to dislin- I it from otiiers not cut. I have been accus- d to cut off the outside or the inside toe of the oot — by this means I can distinguish them at tance. is very common, soon after the operation, for hicken tn get wind in the side, when the d is healini;, between the flesh and the skin ; 1 escape by making a small incision in the lose fowls make the finest capons which are ed early in the spring; they can thus be cut e the hot weather comes, which is a great ad- ige. ever attempt to cut a full-grown cock ; it is a S3 and cruel piece of curiosity. I have never n one to live. ; nut discouraged with the first difficulties ; practice they will disappear; every season ivill find yourself more expert, until the cut- of a dozen fowls before breakfast, will he a I matter. e object in giving publicity to this, is to have narkets of Philadelphia well supplied with ca- : they have ever been esteemed one of the est delicacies, preserving the flaver and ten- ess of the chicken, with the juicy maturity of In the Paris and London markets, double jrice of common poultry ia obtained for ca- /^A friend, sometime since, requested of us 5 information on the subject of making capons, we publish the above article for his benefitand rs. We would observe that if any one wishes blain the instruments alluded to, we can pro- Ihem through our agent in Philadelphia. We hardly find it in our heart to recommend the nice of caponizing under any circumstances ; it is particularly objectionable when undertaken inskilful hands. In a note to a communication his subject, the editor of the Farmer's Cabinet the following judicious suggestion, which we ily approve : ■ It would, we think, be advisable for every be- ler to operate first and repeatedly upon a dead I. Not only do our young and inexperienced ;eon8, but tlin-ie also, who are elder and most ful, when they have a difficult and important ration to perform, prepare themselves immedi- y for the case, by a thorough cxamioation over Bad subject." lorse Raddish. — It is easy to have a supply of se raddish all winter. Have a quantity grated ile the root is in perfection, put it in bottles fill fith vinegar, and keep it corked tight. Vote. — It is very much improved by keeping it in I way if kept from action of air. ^ppU Poiton. — Several families in the vicinity flaggerstown, Md., have suffered severely by poi- communicated by eating npph butler preserved letotarlkenpota. New ware should be well scal- 1 before it is used. Never carry your notes in your pocket-book, for ! desk or trunk is a more appropriate place. ALTEIiN.VTION OF CROPS. Alternation of crops is unquestionably one of the best and most economical means of preserving fertility and of increasing the profits of the farm. All crops exhaust the soil more or less, of the gen- eral elements of fertility, though all do not exhaust to the same extent, nor do all exhaust it alike of certain specilic properties. It is believed that eve- ry plant requires a specific food, which other fami- lies do not stand in need of, and which they do not take up. This is evidenced by the fact that wheat cannot be profitably grown on ordinary land two successive years in the same soil, without a great falling off in the product. And it is now laid down as an axiom in good husbandry, that two crops of any small grain should never be taken from the same field in successive years, because they draw too largely upon the same specific food. But after an interval of four or five years, in which grass and roots intervene the specific food of the wheat crop hag so accumulated in the soil that this grain may then he again profitably grown up- on it. So with all other crops, not even except- ing the grasses. The law of nature's change in the products of a soil is so palpable, that in Flan- ders and Holland, where flax is one of the profita- ble staples, they do not think of cultivating this crop upon the same ground oftener than once in ten or twelve years. Our farmers, some of them, seem to appreciate these truths in reference to til- laje crops, without duly reflecting that they apply as well to grain. Meadows, too, deteriorate ; in a few years the finer grasses run out ; because the soil becomes exhausted of the particular food which affords them nourishment ; coarse or innutricious plants take their place, and the herbage becomes inferior in quality, and greatly diminished in quan- tity. Upon an average, old established meadows would yield double their present crops, if judicious- ly alternated with grain and root crops. The terms " suitably divided into meadow, plow, and pasture lands," which are generally employed to recommend larms on sale, are an indication of bad husbandry, and very often betray the secret which compels the owner to sell. Excepting in very stony districts, every acre of land which will produce good grasses, may, by being rendered dry and rich, be mode to produce good grain and roots. In the convertible system of husbandry, permanent meadow or plow lands are almost unknown — every field produces in turn, crops of grain, grass and roots. There are three classes of crops which alternate beneficially with each other, viz; — Ift, Grain or corn, or dry crops, which ini-.ture their seed and most exhaust the fertility of the soil ; 2d, Grass crops : and 3d, Root or green crops, embracing turnips, potatoes, beets, clove.?, &c. In old mead- ows and pastures, not 0^,'iy the better grasses dis- appear, and coar-'^;. Vjefbage and mosses come in, but the ;mi becomes too compact and hard to ad- mit the Tree extension of (he roots, and the genial influence of the sun, dew, and atmosphere, which are primary agents in the process of vegetable nu- trition. Tillage corrects ihese evils. It clears the soil of weeds, and converts them into sources of fertility; it breaks and pulverizes the soil, and fits it for the return of the grass crop at the close of the rotation ; while the vegetable matters of the sward contritnite to augment the grain or root crop which ia to follow. All green crops are more or less fertiJizu.i? when buried in the soil ; but clover is to be preferred, aa well on account of its enrich- ing properties to the soil, as that it also affords hay and pasture. The practice of sowing clover seed with grain crops is adopted by some fanners every year. Judge Buel followed this plan, but he plow- ed his field the following year. The food which this clover affords to the coming crop, richly com- pensates the cost of the seed and sowing, to say nothing of tlio pasture it gives in autumn. Hence tillage is admirably calculated to fit and prepare the ground for grass — while grass, in return, di- rectly or indirectly, furnishes an abundance of food for grain or roots. The fertility of a soil depends essentially upon its powor to absorb water by co- hesive attraction, and this power depends, in a great measure, upon the state or division of its parts — the more divided they are, the greater is their absorbent power. The crop upon a hard, compact soil, will suffer from drought ; but if this soil is finely pulverized and ^roken, it will suffer much less. The first ^ii^Hk compared to the rock, which receives moistl^^Kon its surface on- ly ; the latter to the spon^^which receives and transmits moisture to its whole mass, and which retains it for a long time. — Piscatitijnis Farmer, PEACH TREES. We copy the following from the Louisville Jour- nal : Messrs. Editors — I recollect seeing, a short time ago, in some one of the agricultural papers, an ar- ticle about peach trees, recommending to cut them down or dig them up, when affected with the yellows. This prescription is like cutting the throat of a sick animal, fearing lest it should die of the disease. If the cause of the yellows is re- moved, and the sick animal cured by proper reme- dies, natural health is restored to each. The only enemy of the peach, as I believe, is a small whitish worm, with a brown head, about an inch and a quarter long. Destroy the worm in any way you may, and the health of the tree is restored. I have some Heath peach trees, obtained from Mr Wm. Morton, of Lexington, Ky., which are now more than twenty years old. From neglect, they occasionally have had the yellows, but destroy their enemy, and the health of the tree is restored. Scoop the earth from about the root of the tree, ao as to form a bowl 8 or 9 inches deep ; the tree in the centre ; the bowl to be 18 to 24 inches across ; do this about the first of September ; let it remain so until the first of December ; then fill the bowl level with wood ashes; I have used leached ashes with uniform success; 1 have no doubt that lime will do as well or better than ashes. By exposing the roots to tlie sun and air, the propagation of the worm is checked : it gives birds (particularly a kind of wood-pecker or sap-sucker,) a chance to pick them out. If the first attempt does not relieve the trees, repeat it ; search for the worms and destroy them, or the trees cannot flourish. My old trees are as healthy at this time as young trees can be. Your ob't serv't, LEWIS SANDERS. Essex Jgrieullural Fair for 1844.— We are glad to loam, (savs the Salem Register,) that the next annual e.Mhibition of the Essex Agricultural Society will be bolden at Ipswich. It is several years since this part of the county has been thus honored, and we think the citizens here will mani- fest a great interest in the exhibition. 190 NEW E iN G L A N D FARMER DEC. 13, 18 AXn HORTICULTURAL RKGISTER. Kdltcd by JosepH BrccU. Boston, VVEDNEsnAV, Dec. 13, 1843. SO.MK PAirnCULARS RELATIVE TO THE ORIGIN AND EARLY EFFORTS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY FOR PROMO- TING AGRICULTURE. It may gratify the curiosity of some of our younger readers, and slimulato to new exertions some of llie new Societies, to report lo them the origin and early effbrts of " the Massacliiisetls Sociely for Promoting Agricul- ture." It is now more than liaT a century siince tliis Society was originated and p'll forlli its lirj*t efforts. It was incorporated on the Tih "I March, 1702, and is the oldest institulion of the lLton Tufts, Loammi Baldwin, James Bowdoin, Christopher Gore, (Jharles Vaughan, and Martin Brimmer, Esqrs., 'I'rusiees. June 22d, of the same year, sixteen rules or by-lows were reported, discussed, modified and adopted. (See Isl page (fthis paper.) By these rules, most of tlie du- ties devolved on the Truslces, who reporied their doings semi annually to tlie Society. The By-Laws have been somewhat changed ; some repealed, others adopied — re- lating lo the times of the annual meeting, the yearly payment, tliu nunibtr necessary for a quorum, «&c. A committee of 15 was appointed to raises fund for the carrying into execution the designs of the insiiiution. At the next meeting, Or:t 3d, 1792, another large ad- dilion was mode to llie member.'! of the Socieiy. A let- ter wa? received from Mr Thomas Adams, primer of the "Independent Clironicle," informing iho Society that "09 they will have frequent occasion for advertising, Se should expect no oilier compons ition than llie honor of publishing their communications." Wh-Tenpon the thanks oflbe Snciely was voted Mr Adams for his gene- rous oIHt When the Soclely lirid ceased publishing their " Ma=sachusBlts Agriciillurnl Reports," I'fler iho New England Farmer was eslablished, Thomas G. Fes- seiideo, Esq., the editor, made the same liberal offer, and since ihal time this paper has been the official or^an to communicate the nperatifms and reports of the Snciely, and wc do not hesilate lo sav that ihey have conslltuled the most interesting, practical, and instructive portion of its columns. Fr.h ytli, 1797. A rommiltee was appointed to apply to ihe legislature to pay I he expense rif printing, and it was voted ih.Tt a copy of the publications be furnished to each member of the Geneial Court. Such conimuni- calions and papers as ihe Trustees thought calculated to promote agrlculiural knowledge, were printed from lime 10 time. We find that up to 1S13, two volumes entitled " The Massncliusetis Agricultural Repository and Jnurnal," of about 400 pages each, octavo, had been piiblishi'd. Many of these papeis and letters were hloh. ly inlcresting and inslructive lo the agriculturist, and, without doubt, exerted n povverlul influence by their diss-'mination, in laylui; the f mndation for that surcess that litis so euiinenlly crowned the efforts of the New England farmers June loili. 1793. Tiie committee appointed lo audit the Treasurer's account, reported, that in addition lo $5.(i70 invested in stocks, there was due to the Societv $612 40. Feb. 13th, 1799. The first premiums were offered by the Socieiy at this meeting, viz : " To the person who shall produce the largest quantity of wool, meat and lallow, from the smallest number of sheep, not less than one score, a premium of $30. to be claimed on or before Augu.st 1st, 1800." '* To the person who shall ascertain by accurate anal- ysis, the constituent parts of sevi-ral fertile soils respec- tivelv, and In like manner Ihe pnrls of S'!ver:il poor soils, and ihus shall discover the defects of the latter, and shall show by actual experiment, how the paid defects may be remedied, by the addiiion of earths or other in- gredients which abound In the country, and in a manner that may he practiced by the common farmer; and if it shall appear lo the satisfaction of the Trusters, that up- on an cxlensive practice, the impioveinenl of the poor soil would be rnoie than equivalent lo the expense of the improvement ; a premium of $;100. A minute de- scription of the several stills, and all the circumslan- ces attending tlie processes, cultivation and results, will be required " From 1799 down lo the present lime, the Socieiy have offered and paid liberal premiums for every variety of Improvement in crops, slock, implements, products of domestic manufacture ; for Ihe best cultl\ ated farms, and experiments which It was sufrposed would forward the cause of agriculture, and In fact for everything which would benefit or promote the interest of the f^irmer. In some years, the energies oi' the Society have been concentrated in a Cattle ^!iow, in ail the variety of ob- jects which are usually displayed on such occasions ; at other times, butler and cheese have been some of Ihe prominent objects — the Society using all efforts to sllm- ulale the firmer to improve the quality of these impor- tant products ; at other times, stock or implemenls, and in fict no branch of rural economy has been forgotten. Stock, imf'lements, and seeds were imported not only by the individual members, but by the Socieiy, and through their effo-ts, individually and collectively, an impetU.s was gVveti fo'Mr'L.:sachusHtts agriculture, which has ever made her prominent among her sister Stales. Six hundred dollais Is appropriated for the present sea- son, to he given in premiums for the best cultivated farms, independent of what is offered for other objects. That tliFse premiums may be justly awarded, the Soci- ety have em[)loyed an agent to examine the firms of ap- pllcanls, which are so numerous thai it has occupied all his lime in the proper season. A belter choice could nol have been made, for In this gentleman are combined a theoretical ami [iraclical knowledge of agriculture, well seasoned with judgment, discretion and iiuparlial- 'ly- In 1802. a commlnee was appointed lo apply to the Genera! Court for their counlcnane.e and aid to the pro- [io«ed institulinn for Natural History and a Buttinic Gar- den in Ihe neirrhborhood of Boston. It was also voted that the Trustees be a coMimlttee to consider the expe- diency of subsciibing lo the proposed institulinn. It appears by the records, that the genllemt n connecl- ed with the Society, became subscribers, with ntliers, to a fund fiir a Professorship of Natural history in Harvard College, and when sufficient funds hod been cidle In ltJI)5 the Professorship vv'as established. Tins Ihe origin of the Boianic Garden al Cambridge, v has been under Ihe care of Mr Wm. E. Carter, ai dener, from the beginnine, and the charge coulc have been confided lo more woilliy hands. The President of the Americim Acad my of Art Sciences, llie Preslilent of Harvard College, the 1 dent of Ihe Mass. Medical Society, with the Trt of the Mass. Snciely for Promoting Agrlciillure, made a Board of Visitors, and so remained until when the corporation of Harvard College were si luted for the Trustees, and became the visitors wit other gentlemen. In ]ttl3, a new effort was made to increase the rest and utility of ihe Socieiy's papers, and a new i of numbers were proposed to be issued, the fee of ; bership being raised lo §5, to defray part of the ex| of the work. The Stale had made some approprisi lo defray the expense of the two volumes already if, The numbers came out irregularly, as the papeii reports accumulaicd. Seven additional volumes ])ubllshed from lime lo time, containing from t four numbers each. The members were cntill these publications. It appears that new members were voted In at a every meeting ; but in June, 1815, 07!i! huiidrec /ort7/S(i were admitted. This large reinforcement from every county in the Stale, very equally distril: and some from the then District of Maine. Our curiosity was somewhat excited when we to this part of Ihe record, for it appeared that some movement was anticipated ; nor were we disappoii for in looking at ihe records of the followincr mee it appeared that the subject of a Caille Show and was agilMting the minds of the Socieiy. In ihe Ja number of the Repository of 1816, we find the folk announcement : " Miinval Caille Show at Brighton, in the CoutiM Middlesex. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society foi moting Agriculture, taking into consideration iheii, lance of improving Ihe breed of domestic animals, inffuenreil by ihe example of enlightened socielies pans of Europe, who have established annual ej lions of such animals, and encouraged the cultival produce them by suitable rewards ; and wishing, as possible, to fulfil the expeclalions of the l.eoisi of the Commonwealth, who. have liber.illy patro ihls inslilulion — have dt lermined to eslablith an A Cattle .S'AoTr, ir. a slluntion, and at a season of the the most convenient fiir the citizens at laroe." Accordingly we find that a'Catlle Show wa.s ap| ed to take place in Brighton, on the second Tucsd October, 1810. Most or all of the premiums were ed for stock. This, we believe, was Ihe bcoiniili Cattle Shows In this country. In the following year, tlie Trustees announce " Encourage. 1 by Ihe renewed patronage of the Le lure of this State, they intend to bestow in pren not only the sum granted by government fnr ihif pose, hut also the whole amount of the income of own funds. They therefore announce to tlie public wish to have a Cattle Show and Exhibilion of Mar lures at Brighton, on the [second Tuesday in Ocl 1817." At this Exhibition, premiums were oflert Stock, Agricultural Experiments, Inventions, anrt mesllc Manufiiclures, to the amount of $1270. At Ihe close of the ninth volume of the Reports, v contained only two numbers, the edilors remark- is probable that this Journal will hereafter be publ at more distant intervals. The establishment o: New Eughind Farmer, a most valuable paper, ha^ dered the frequent publication of tills Journal of lea portance." After this announcement, in 1820, ihreo more numbers were published, containing, p pally, reports and addresses before the Society. The Cattle Shows ar Brighton were continued t year, excepting in 1831 and '34, until 1835. Since lime they liave been discontinued. We noliced lb, 1832, premiums lo the amount of $18.35 were off viz: For stock, $459; for butter and cheese, a lirit'hton Show, $105 ; for butter and cheese in Do ber fiillowing. $435 ; Vegetable and Grain crops, $ best farms. $250 ; experiments, discoveries and in tions, $200 ; to plowmen, $5(). Benj Guild, Esq., Ihe present Recording Scere was admllted as member of this Soclely in ISIS from that lime to the present, has held that office', dl.scharged lis duties with fidelity and devotion ti interests of the Socieiy. SXU, NO. 84. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 191 TIIEllMOMETKICAL. Kt^porled tor Ihe New t^DtjIiind Farmer. io( ihe riiei iiioineterut the (laideiiof tlie proprietors 'ew tliiglai)(t Farmer, Uriglilon, Mras. in a i^liadud lycxDosure, foriheweek eiuliiig Dec. 10. 1843. I 7,«..... , 12,M. I 5,P.M. I Winii. 4 22 40 V. 6 30 42 day, 6 12 26 »y. 7 23 30 6 25 34 y, 9 29 35 10 25 34 I 36 36 23 27 26 30 29 I E. N. W. E. E. N. W. E. N. W. lll'U.N MAIIKICT.— MosDAT, Dec. 11, IB43. KrjHirleii fur the .\. K. Farmer, •larliel 850 beet' cattle, VJOO Sheep and 2100 Several hundred Swine unsold. KB. — Ueef Cattle. — The prices obtained last week .rdly sustained. We quote a few extra $4 GO a rst quality $4 a $4 25, second quality $'i 75 a third quality $3 00 a $3 75. Miug Cattle.— hlcss $3 25, No. 1, $2 75, No. 2, . — We quote suiall lots from 75c. to $1 50. 8 from $1 50 to $2 25. '!. — Good Lots to prddle 4 for sows, and 5 for «. A lot of (Col. county) Shoats 5 1-4. A lot Barrows 3 5-8 and a lot at 4c. At retail from 6. Prune or Sasnny Fleeces, washed, lli. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full Mood, do 33 a 3:.— Do 3-4 do 33 a 00 — Do. I -2 do 29 a 30 -1-4 and coinrnon do 2.3 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 9 a 12 — lienirasi do 0 a8— Sa.\ony, ( h-an. 00— liueoos Avres unpicked, 7 a lu — do. do. picliud, 12 a 16 — Superfine Northern pulled lamli 28 a 32— !\o. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. .Accounts hy the steamer do not indicate any prospect for an export demand, and the wants for home use are nearly supplied ; Init few Hops have come in durius; the past week. 1st sort Mass 1843, lli. 64 a 7 J; 2d do 5 a 6. 1642, 0. H A V, 14 to 16 per Inn— Eastern Screwed 69 to 9 3u. EGGS, 12 a 15. HOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected icilh ^reat care, weekly. 'S. Herds Grass, gO OOto 2 62 pcrhushel. Red Top cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— Southern, 9 Fla.x Seed, St 50 per liushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Seed, S2 75 per bushel. !V. There has been a fair demand for all kinds of iringlhc past week. About all the arrivals of Corn I n sold. -Nortliern. old, bushel no to 00— Southern, round oil, 53 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 50 n 51 — white 4H a 50— do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Barley — llye. Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 153 a 65 — luthein, 31 a 32 — 'Vorlhern do. O^i to 34— Beans, per 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 25 a 35 — Bran, JR. The market is steady with rather an upward ■{ at the close for Geaesee; few sellers for good indcr ii 94. There has been considerable done in II, chiefly for exportation. more, Howard Street, 4 mos.cr. S4 75 a 4 i~ — do- ■0 UO a 0 00 — do. free of garlic, So 00 a 4 75 — Phila- do. 4 mos. S4 75 a 0 Ou —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 75 a 4 87 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 00. ;eiown, S4 75 a 5 50— Richmond Canal, S4 75 a 4 87 Uy,S0 00a 1)00 — Petersburgh, South side So 00 aO 00 cuiitrySo 00 aO 00— Genesee, common, cash, S4 87 a lO fancy brands $5 12 a 5 50 — Ohio via Canal, 6 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 73 a 5 00. Rye, 3 60— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 87 a 3 00. VISIO.S'S. The transactions of the week present rial alteration on the last quoted prices. The sales articles have been restricted to small parcels for the ade. kMees 4 I'lo. new bid. S7 00 a 3 00— Navy— S6 50 a Ho. I, 6 00 a 6 50— do Prime S5 25 a 5 50 — Pork — tear 4 mo. bhl. Sou 00 a 13 5o— do Clear S12 50 a 13 00 ss, 11 50 a 12 00— do Prune Sio OU a 10 50— do Mess her States,— a do Prime ilo do SO 00 a 0 00 go do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do 800 00 a 00 00 — shipping, 8 a 11— do store, uninspected, 6 a 10— do 1 cts. a 13— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 7 a 7i —do md Western, 6 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 8 — n and VVestern, 5i a 65- Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, do new milk, 4 J a 54. Hi. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- n shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, al llwhereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ia\. and 3 cts. per pound. e has been an animated demand for fleece and pulled iring the week, and sales hove been unusually large, hout any improvement in prices ; large sales have m made of foreign coarse. The stock on hand is lerially diminished, and holders are very firm. FRESH GARDEN SEEDS. The subscribers are now receiving large supplies of Gar- den seeds from Europe, from their own Garden, and other sources. The following are included in the ureal number of varieties in their eslabhshment, and which they offer at low prices, wholesale and retail. PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Improved Blue Imperial, Hills' Early, VVondford Dwarf Marrow, Early Dwarf, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, " riiarlton. Knights' Dwarf, " Frame, Dwarl Marrowfats. " Warwick, Tall do. BEANS. Lima, Dwarf China, Saba, *' Mohawk, Horticultural Pole, " Marrow, Red Cranberry do. " Kidney, White do. " Case knife. Kidney Pole, " Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGE. Long Late Drumhead, Early York, Late Sugar-loaf, i' Battersea, Green Globe Savoy, " Vanack, Red Dutch, " Hope Low Dutch Cabbage, Early Sugar-loaf, With a great variety nf other sorts. Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broccolis in varieties, Cu- cuinljers, Melons, Squash, sweet Maorjrum, Sage. Summer- Savory, Thyme, ituia Baga, Turnips, more than tweiiiy fine sorts. Three hundred varieties of Floweb Seeds, and every variety of Garden and Field seed, too numerous to mention. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Dec. 12, 1843. G-VRDEN SEEDSI GARDEN SEEDS! ! The subscribers are now receiving their fall supply of Gar- den, Grass and Field Seeds of every description, and would respectfully recommend to their customers and the public to send in their orders as early as possible, to secure a supply from their choicest lots. Their sloes of Seeds for this season will be very full and cnmpl'^te, and most of the varieties being raised under their own inspection, they can confidently recommend them as be- ing pure and of thelirst qualitits. Among them are Long Blood Beet, Ruta Baga, Early Turnip do. Long Orange Carrol, French Sugar do. Early Horn do. Mangel Wurlzel do. .While Field do. Also, Cucumber and Cabbage Seeds of every variety ; Peas and Beans, of every kind ; which, together with a large supply of every kind of seed desiralde for the field or garden, comprise the most complete and extensive assortmept of Seeds to be found in any similar establishment m the coun- try. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 ) Oct. 16, 1343. and 52 North Market Street, Boston. PRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every descriplion of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a siiiiable time to transplant many Trees and _ Plants, and often times more convenient than in spring. We have as great a variety of Apples. Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, (iuinces. Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer them at Uie lowest prices. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Ml/'CK MANUAl.. The Farmer's Muck Manual, by Dr. S. L. Dana— price 62 1 -2 cents, for s-ale by JOS. BRECK & CO. Dec. 11. WINSHIPS' Nl'RSERY, ]!r1UHT0N near BobTON, Silvatcd on Ike lini of the Boston and Worcester Hail Hood, 6 miles from the city. The season for transplanling is at hand, ami ^all those who wish to supply t!iem>elvpi with " choice F*ruit and ornamenlal Trees, can be fur- nished at short notice, with the linest varielieit by tlie proprietors id this celebrated nur.siry. b'ruit Trees, including all the varieties of Pears, Pcucheft, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries. A:c. &c. t^aialngues may be obtained by applying al the Nursery. Trees carefully pack-'d h* insure safely in long voyages. Orders lefl at the New F.ncland Seed Store oi J. 'p.ieck & Co. Nos. 51 r s.ife transport lo all distant places, and delivered in the city by the wagcu whidigoes thither daily, or shipped to order, or pr. rail road. Or or- ders may be left with Joseph Breck & Co. 51 and 52 North Market Str.;et, Boston. WILLIAM KENRICK. Nonantum Hill, Newton, Oct. 24, 1S43. SPLENDID BULDOtS FLOWER ROOTS. Just received by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., from Hol- land, a larse and well selected asscrlment td' DUTCH BULBOUS^ROOTS, among which are the following .— Hyacinths, of every color and variety. Tulips, do. do. do. do. do. Pob/antlms J't/arcissiis, Mircissus, Jonquills, Ranun- culus, Anemones, Jris, Crocuses, of all colors. Gladiolus, Lillics, &c. &c. Those who wish for fine Bulbs will do well to rail and examine the above, as they are a choice selected lot, and will give universal satisfaction. Orders should be forward- ed soon to tbe subscribers, 51 and C2 North Market Street, office of the N. E. Farmer. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. POUDRETTE t PHUDRETTE ! I The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale Poudretle in quantities lo suit purchasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satitfied many far- mers, that this manure has the quickest operation upon veg- etable mailer, producing greater abundance, and is the cheap- est manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and al the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt attention For sale by J. BRECK & Co., 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. Oct 26. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana movertiwilb a foot Ireader, is found to be a great improve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindsloncs. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal salisfacliou. The rollers can be atlach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK & Co., No. 51 North Market street. Pl'MPKIN SEED WANTED. The subscribers will pav a fair price for a few bushels of the " old fashioned yellow Pumpkin Seed," snilable for planting. JOSEPH BRECK & 00. Boston, Nov. 23. H. VANDINE'S N UIISEUY, CA.MBKIDUEPOHT. The Subscriber ofil.'rs for sale a fine assort- 'menl of choice /'car, Plum and Pcnch Trees; htlso Gooseberry and Raspberry bushes ; fine /s- abclla and Catmrba Grape Vines, from two lo . four years old, Shrubbery, &c. ' H. VANDINE. November 4, 1343. 192 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. DKC. 13, 184 MISCELLANEOUS RESPECT TO OLD AGE. A TRl'E STORI. A young gentleman fresli frnm college, who had more knowieilge of books than, of men, was wending his wny to the Rev. Dr. C — , of Ct. The doctor was e.xtensively Known and respected for his energy of character, his learning, and piety, and moral worth. But like the great apostle, he did not disdain to " labor wilh his own hands." With a letter of introduction to the aged divine, whom he had known only by reputation, our gen- teel young fricn4 was seeking the privilege of an acquaintance with him. "Old daddy." eaid he to an aged laborer in the field by the way-side, whose flapped hat and coarse looking over-roat — it was a lowering day — and dark complexion and features contrasted strongly wilh his own broadcloth and kid gloves and fair persim — "Old daddv, tell me where the Rev. Dr. C — lives." "In the house you see yonder," the old man honestly replied. Without condescending to thank him for the in- formation, the young man rode on, and soon found himself seated in the parlor of Dr. C's hospitable residence, at the invitation of the lady of the house, awaiting the expected arrival of the doctor. Ill due time the host appeared, having returned from the tield, laid aside his wet garments, and ad- justed his person. But to the surprise and confu- sion of the young guest, whom should he meet in the Rev. Dr. but the same "old daddy" he had so uncer- emoniously accosted on his way ! " It was very respectful in you," said the venera- ble divine, with an arch look, and in a pleasant tone — for the aged parson was not wanting in wit and humor — " it was very respectful in you to call me old daddy : I always love to see young men show re- pect to old age." The confusion and mortification of the young man were indescribable. He could have sunk through the floor, and buried himself in the cellar beneath hini. With a countenance crimsoned with blushes, he began to stammer out an apology for his incivil- ity. " No apology," said the doctor very pleasantly, 1 "no apology: I alway.s love to see respect shown to old age." But the kindness and assiduity of the family could not relieve the unpleasantness of his situation ; a sense of the mortifying blunder which he had committed, marred all his anticipated plea- sure from the interview, and he was glad to take his leave as soon as he could do it wilh decency Sat. Post. moisture of the tongue dislodges one or more of the grubs, which, adhering to it by means of the saliva, are conveyed into the mouih, and thence lind their way into the stomach. But here a ques- tion occurs to you. It is but a small portion of a horse's body that he can reach with his tongue : what, you ask, become.* of the eggs deposited on other parts ? I will tell you how the gad-fly avoids this dilenmia ; and I will then ask you if she does not discover a provident forethought, a depth of in- stinct which almost casl3 into the shade the boast- ed reason of man. She places her eggs only on those parts of the skin which the horse is able to reach with his tongue ; nay, she confines them al- most exclusively to the knee or shoulder, which he is sure to lick. What could the most precise adap- tation of means to an end do more? — Stlecled. .Marriage. — Jacobus de Voragine, in some argu- ments, succinct, elegaiit, and forcible, declares the benefits of marriage. They are these : 1. Hast thou means ? In a wife thou hast one to keep and increase them. 2. Hast thou none ? Thou hast one to help thee to get some. 3. Art thou in prosperity ? She doubles it. 4. Art thou in adversity .' She will comfort, assist, and bear thee up. 5. Art thou at home? She will drive away melancholy. 6. Art thou abroad ? She prays for thee, wishes ihee at home, and welcomes thee with joy. 7. Nothing is so delightsome as home : no so- ciety is equal to that of a wife and children. 8. The bond of conjugal love is adamantine. [The above " arguments" rest upon the presump- tion that the wife is a. good one, — and in this mat- ter of wives, it is as emphatically true as in the case of "Job's turkeys," that " the good are i^ery good, but the bad are" — not to be desired.] HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGI Great iiiiprovemems have been mnilc the pasl yenr form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould has heen so formed as to lay the _ furrow rj^mplrteh turning in every particle of grass or stubble, and icavi ground in the best possible manner. The length - mould board has ht n very much increased, so ih- Plough works wilh the greatest ease, both with res] the holding and the learn. The Cominiuee at the la of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the P we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps the inquirer, if your land is inosily light and easy tc try Prouly & Mears. but if your land is heavy, hard o- BEGIN WITH Wa. Howard's.'' I At the ahove mentioned irial the Howard PI'-ui more irorl;, irilh the same pswer of team, Ihan am plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iweni and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, wf Howard Plough turned iwentnnine and one half in the same pover of team ! All acknowledge thai Ho Ploughs are much the strongest and most substs made. There has been quite an improvement made on th or land side of tliis Plough, which can be renewed \ having to furnish a newlandside: this shoe likewise ;■ the mould hoard and Jandside together, and strength* Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to 815. A 1 suffic-ienl for breaking up wilh four callle. will cos' Sio 50, and with culler $1, wilh wheel and cuuci extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and n the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & Insects and their Yortiig. — The dragon-fly is an inhabitant of the air, and could not exist in water ; yet in this last element, which is alone adapted for her young, she ever carefully drops her eggs. The larvcB of the gad-fly are destined to live in the stomach of the horse. How shall the parent, a two-winged fly, convey them thither? By a mode truly extraordinary. Flying round the animal, she commonly poises her body for an instant, while she glues a single egg to one of the hairs of his skin, and repeats this process, until she has fixed, in a similar way, many hundred eggs. These, after a few days, on the application of the slightest mois- ture attended by warmth, hatch into Utile grubs. Whenever, therefore, the horse chances to lick any part of his body to which they are attached, the In 1780 the town of Hingham paid its tax in wooden pails. P.4.TENT COIIIV SHELLER. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that Ihe prailical farmer has in use. Various machines for ihis purpose have beon invented. It can he us«d iiwiU cases for large or small-sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and durahle in us operation, and no way liable lo get out of order; one mau can work it to good advantage, though a man lo turn, and a boy to feed it, works it much belier than one alone. They are so light and portable, as to he easily removed from place lo place, and one machine will serve for several families ot even the in- bahilanls of a small town. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North Market Street. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Not. 1. ■Wll.I.IS'S LATEST I.IIPROVED VEGETABLE CUTTEK. For sale at the New England Agricullural 'Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Slieel, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved 'Vegetahle Culter. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of Cutting Rula Baga, Mangel Wurlzel, and other roots. The great objection to other machines, is their culling the roots into slices, which makes it almost impossible lor Ihe caille to get hold of ihem : this machine wilh a liule alteration, cuts them inlo large orsmall pieces, of such shape as is most conveuieni for ihe cattle to eat. It will cut wilh ease from one to two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 4(10 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. CRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market si. GREEN'S PATENT STRA'W CUTTER JOSEPH BRECK &• CO. ai ihe New England i tural Warehouse and Seed Slore Nos. 51 anri5'2Kor ket Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, H' Stalk Culter, operating on a mechanical principle no applied to any implement foy^his purpose. The mos inent eflecls of this application, and some of the con peculiarities of the maclone are: 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power n, to use it, that ihe strength of a half grown boy is su to work it efficiently. 2. Wilh even this moderate power, it easily cutstn. els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been i by any other machine even when worked by horse o:. power. _ , 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whij cut, require sharpening less ofien ihan those of ant straw cutler. 4. The machine is simple in its construction, made : logelher very strongly. It is therefore not so liablei complicated machines in general use to get out ofci LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & NEW ENGLAND FARMER, A WEEKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advanct, or $2 50 if n within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by lavr to ft subscriptions and remittances for newspapers,' expense to subscribers. lOTTLI AND DBNHETT. PaiNTEREi 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AonicoLTHRAL Wabbhouse.) XXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 20, 1843. tNO. 25. N . E. FARMER. OTICES OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. E Silk Question Settled. The testimony Due Humlred ami Fifty Witnesse.s. Report bo I'roceccliiifjs of the National Convention 5ilk; Growers and Mnniifucturers. held in New k, Oct. L^ih, 1843. PuWished under the di- tion of the American Institute." r New Englanders hecanie so disgusted will) suit of the .silk mania, by which many of were more or less injuriously affected, that it sidercd out of place to say a word in com- ation of the business. It is thought by the ; generally, that the silk question was Settled jefore the meeting of the convention, but not, Ifer, in the sense understood by the gentlemen It on that occasion, who have made this able iteresting report. !: have in this work a large mass of evidence, ng that the silk business may be a profitable nportant one to the country. The gentlemen ;ave their testimony were not speculators, extravagant ideas of the business, but who for many years been engaged in raising and facturing silk, and from actual e.xperiment, d to their own satisfaction, that it may be suc- jUy pursued. is work lies upon our table for a more critical ination, an ! hereafter some of the interesting Is will be presented to our readers. .ddbess before the Essex Agricultural Society, pt. 27, 1843 .' by Hon. Leverett Saltonstall. B have given this able and interesting address ty perusal, and are so highly gratified with it, we shall publish it entire, for the benefit of all arming friends and those who are interested eir prosperity. IE Poetry OF Love. This is a small work, d by Rufus W. Griswold, and published by d, Kendall & Lincoln. IE Young Communicant — an aid to the right rstanding and spiritual improveiricnt of the 's Supper. Published by Gould, Kendall & oln. This, with the last named work, are I volumes, neatly bound, of an interesting icter. e are very nmch obliged to our friend, the ;or, for his valuable hints in relation to the ar- " Apple Poison," as well as for his account ■e|)aring his soil for the crop of corn. Both his lea shall have a place in our next. Physicians e country have it in their power to communi- mucli valuable information for the benefit of ■eomanry, as they are continually among them, liave opportunity to observe their various ope- ns, and generally have land of their own to :rimenton. Will not others of the profession w the e.\aniiile of" A. G." HINTS TO FARMERS. The following practical hints to farmers are ex- tracted from an address delivered in 1818, before the fllassachusetts Agricultural Society, by .losiah Qniney : Great profits in agriculture can only result from great improvements of the soil. In agriculture, and almost in that art alone, " it is the liberal hand that maketh rich ." Liberality in providing utensils, is the saving of both time and labor. The more perfect the instru- inents, the more profitable are they. So, also, is it with working cattle, and his stock. The most perfect in their kinds are ever the most profitable. Liberality in good barns and warm shelters is the source of health, strength and comfort to the animals ; causes them to thrive on less food, and secures from danger all sorts of garnered crops. Liberality in the provision of food for domestic animals, is the source of flesh, muscle and manure. Liberality to the earth, in seed, culture, and com- post, is the source of its bounty. Thus it is in agricidture, as in every part of crea- tion, a wise and paternal Providence has insepera- hly connected our duty with oar happiness. In cultivating the earth, the condition of man's success is his industry upon it. In raising domestic animals, the condition of his success is, kindness and benevolence to them. In making the jjroductiveness of the earth depend upon the diligence and wisdom of the cultivator, the Universal Father has inseperably connected tlie fertility of his creation with the strongest intel- lectual inducements, and the highest moral motives. In putting the brutal world under his ilominion. He has placed the happiness of which their nature is susceptible, under the strong guarantee of man's interest. Instead, therefore, of repining at his lot, let the cultivator of the ground consider his as among the hiirhest anil happiest of all human destinies, since in relation to the earth, he is the object of heaven's bounty ; and in relation to the inferior order of creation, the almoner of Providence. CURING HAMS. Miss Leslie calls this a " fine Recipe for euring four large hams." Mi.v together one pound of fine salt ; two pounds of good brown siigor; and two ounces of saltpetre, pounded fine. Then mix together a quarter of an ounce of cloves, a (piarler of an ounce oT mace, and half an ounce of nutmeg's, all powdered. Add the spice to the salt, &c., mixing them thoroughly. Then put them into a pot over a slow fire, and stir them till they become very dry and hot, which should be in about two minutes. Be careful not to have the fire too quick, or to keep them loo long over it, lest thej sugar should melt. Afterwards divide this mi.vlure into four equal parts, and rub one of the portions, a little warm, on each of the four hams, which shoiild previously be wiped quite dry with a clean cloth. Next, lay the hams with the rind down, in a clean salting tub, and keep lliem thus six or seven days. At the end of that time, take the hams out of the tub ; and to the pickle that remain? in it, add two gallons of water, stirring it well. Then pour the liquid into a fargo pot. Next, stir in two quarts of molasses, and two ounces more of saltpetre ; put the pot over the fire, and boil and skim the liquid till it is perfectly clear. Afterwards, let it stand to get quite cold. Return your hams to the salting tub (first making it very clean) pour the pickle over them, and let them lie in it three, or four weeks. Then smoke iheni eight days — with the shank or bone hanging downwards. Corn-cobs make a good fire for smo- king hams. • Hams should, previous to boiling, be soaked to make them tender. 4 green or new ham, may be put in soak early in the evening, and the water changed about ten or eleven o'clock. One night's soaking will he enough for it. An older ham should soak twentyfonr hours ; and one two yeara old will require soaking for two days and nights ; always changing the water at intervals. A ham weighing fifteen or twenty pounds should be boil- ed six or seven hours, simmering slowly the first hour. Take care to skim the pot well. When the hatn is done, strip off the skin, which should be saved to skewer on again when the ham is put away cold. This will prevent the cold ham from becoming dry and hard. A cold ham that has not been cut, can be great- ly improved by glazing it as follows : Have ready a sufficiency of beaten yolk of egg, — and dipping in a brush or a pen-feather, go all over the ham with it. Then cover it with bread-crumbs grated as finely as possible — and afterwards go over it with cream. Finish by browning it in the oven of a stove. This glazing is delicious. Cold boiled ham is better than raw for broiling or frying. If raw ham is to be boiled or fried, scald it several times to take out the salt which otherwise will ooze I'ortli in cooking, and stand upon the surface of the slices, tasting and looking unpleasantly. When scalded, it should lie in each hot water half an hour. There is, however, no process of curing that will make good hams unless the pork is of the best quality, and corn-fed. Where the leisure evening hour is employed by a family in reading' the page of instruction, ihero grows in the minds of the younger members, a love (of home and knowledge incompatible with some of the worst vices, and deserving of being ranked with some of the highest virtues. Dr. Parker, of Columbus, Ohio, has a small na- tive cow, which cost him only ,$10, that has given from 8 to 12 quarts of milk per day constantly for the last two years. 194 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, DKC. 20, li MIDDLESEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The CommiUce on Farnia liavo attended to the duty assigned Ihem, and respectfully submit the following There have been offered for the Society's pre- miums, eight farms, three reclaimed peat or bog meadows, lour apple orchards, four peach orchards, two pear-orchards, and one mulberry orchard, all of which have been visited by your committee. Farms. Mr. Simon Tutlle, of Acton, offered his farm for a premium. His farm contains about 100 acres of land,- which has evidently been much improved by him. lie has made most of the improvements since 1832. At that lime the whole farm produced only nine or ten tons of hay, and five or six barrels of ■winter apples. Since then he has subdued, and brought into a good state of cultivation, about 18 acres of very rough, rocky land, laid 500 rods of stone wall, planted a nursery, and set out orchards of apples, pears, and other fruits, built two barns — one 3G by 48, the other 30 by 40 feet — and made the "hole farm ten-fold mcirc productive than it was formerly. Mr. Tuttle estimates the produce of liis farm to be 40 tons Kng. hay, live tons Swale hay, 500 bushels potatoes, 1.50 bushels corn, 100 bushels oats, 10 bushels rye, fruit $200, trees from the nursery $100, turnips and garden sauce, $15 — amounting in all to $1200. In his statement no mention is made of butter cheese and pork. The work is done by himself and his son, (17 years of age) and about $100 worth of hired labor, but he thinks that ha works in his shop (at coopering) enougli m llie winter to balance the hired labor. Mr. Tuttle has no cellars under his barns, and it seemed strange to the Committee, that a man with BO much skill to devise, and energy to e.xecute, should commit an oversiglit so important to the farmer. The committee award to Mr. Tuttle the first premium of $25. The farm of Mr. Robert Chaffin, of Acton, pre- sents a very neat and tidy appearance, and is in a good state of cultivation. Mr. Chaflin has been at times an invalid, but the improvements on his farm evidently show that he has not been idle. Plis farm contains about 100 acres of land, 20 acres of which are under cultivation. Twenty years ago, this farm produced only hay enough to keep one horse, one yoke of oxen, and three cows. Now the stock and all the products of ihe farm are very much increased. Mr. ChafRn has done much work on his rocky land he hns laid over 400 rods of stone wall, and de- posited more than 20U0 loads of stone in the pond near his house, and set out many fruit trees. He has reclaimed several acres of swamp land, with the appearance of which the committee were much pleased. His method of saving manure is worthy the attention of farmers. He carts loam or sand into his barn yard, and every morninnr after milking, he puts two or three shovels full of it on to each of the cow-droppings. 'I'he practice will at once com- mend itself to all, who have no barn cellars. Mr. Chaffin is about to build a barn with a cellar under it. The committee award to Mr. Chaffin the second premium of $20. The farm of Mr. Jos'v c,q;(ied it, it asks, " that to be aware of such enoruwties should not be the signal for their in- stant suppression." The following analogy forces itself even upon this lory organ : — " Alas, how happens it that human beings are suffered to exist, and that by thousands, in this city in a state to the full as miserable and revolt- ing when human feelings are taken into the ac- count— ^as that of these helpless animals !" Could the noble animal so brutally abused but know and think, he might derive what comfort he could from the reflection that countless thousands of the home species fare but little better at the hands of their riders !— that the/fic, for their own gratification, use human flesh and blood until it starves and dies, and thus make the very carcasses of that " paragon of animals" the pedestal of their lordly pride and splendor. What a commentary on Shakspeare's eulogy on Man ! — Boston Post. Dr. Rush was once asked by a student, what per cent he thought had been added to the period of human life by the skill of practitioners of medi- cine ; and he answered, "If by practitioners of medicine, you mean to include old women and nurses, I think the increase has been very consid- erable, but if you exclude them, very little." 198 NEW ENGLAND FARMER DEC. 20, ! 14 29 32 33 24 S. E. N. W. S. S. E. E. E. lirO.N MARKKT.— MosnAT, Uec. 18, 1843. Keiinrledfurthe N. E. Farmer. ftlarkcl 650 beef catlle, 2000 Sheep and 900 is.— Peef Cattle — We quote to correspond with ek, extra $4 50 a 4 75,f5rBt quality $4 a $4 25, quality $3 75 a $4 00, third quality 13 00 a ■elling CaUle.— Mesa $3 25, No. 1, $2 75. p— Small lots from 92c. to $1 75. Wethers ; I 25 to $2 25. le. — A lot of small ehoats from (Col. county) "or Sows and 5 1-2 for Barrows Other lots 4 Old Hogs 3 1-4 and 3 3 4. At retail from 4 1-2 dairy, II els. a 13— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6^ a 7 —do South and Western, Car — Hams, Boston, 0 a 0 — Southern and VVestern, 04 a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 4i — do new milk, 4J a 6j. wool.. Duty. Thi? value whereof al the place of ex- p irtalinn shall not exceed 7 els. per pouiid, 5 percent al val. All wlierejt the va;ue exceeds 7 els. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. The active demand (or all descriptions of ihis article noticed in ihe last review, still continues, and very extensive sales have been ntade, but not al any material change in prices. The stocks of both domestic and foreigri have been greally reduced. Sufiicient of the former, however, remains to meet the present dem^inds. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 35— Do, 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. I -2 do 29 a 30-1-4 anrl common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Uo. unwashed, 9 a 12— Bengasi do C aS—Saxonj, clean. 00 — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7a 10^ do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 2S a 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. About 100 bales have come into market this week from the country, which found a ready sale. Isl sort Mass. 1843, lb. 64 a 7i ; 2d do 5 a 6. 1S42, 0. HAV, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed S9 to 9 30. EOGS. 12 a 15. VIIOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, weekly. DS. Herds Grass, $0 00 to 2 62 per bushel Red Top iO cents, (.'lover— Northern, 00 lo 12c.— Southern, 9 1 lax Seed, SI 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ' Seed, S2 75 per bushel. .L\. The demand during the past week has not kept ■ith ihe supplies, and al the close of our report there •om 15,000 to 20,000 bushels of Corn afloat unsold. 1 — N'orlhern, new, bushel 53 to 00— Southern, round , old, 00 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 50 a 00 — white 4S a 50— do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Barley ' —Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 63 a 65 — Sonlhem, 29 a 32 — Northern do. 00 lo 3-3 — Beans, per 1 00 a I 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 25 a 35 — Bran, K >UR. The operations in Genesee during the past week een almost exclusively confined to the retail trade, being wilhout any alteration. ilimore, Howard Street, 4 mos.cr. So no a 4 87 —do, SO 00 a 0 00— do. free of garlic, So oo a 4 75— Phila- ^ do. 4 mos. S4 75 a 0 00 -Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 I 75 a 4 87— .Alexandria, wharf mountain, o no a 0 00. rgeiown, 40 00 a 5 50— Richmond Canal, So 00 a 4 87 yiiy.SOOOanoo- Petersburgh.South sideSo 00 a 0 00 nounlrvSS OOaS 12— Genesee, common,!cash, S4 87 a do fancy brands 85 12 a 5 50 — Ohio via Canal, 1 5 on — do do New Orleans, cash S4 75 a 5 00. Rye, 1 3 50— Indian Meal in bbls. «2 87 a 3 00. 3VISI0.NS. Butlillle doing in B.-ef and Pork, and are lower. Butter and Cheese are in active demand, ,1ps of the former to a considemble extent have been during the past week, previous prices being lully sus- f—Mess 4 1 10 new bbl. S7 00 a 7 50- Navy— 96 00 a -No. 1, 6 00 1 6 511— do Prime S5 00 a 5 37— Pork — clear 4 ino, bbl. 813 00 a 1350— do Clear S1200a 1300 less, 10 50 a II 00— do Prime So Oo a 9 37— do Mess nher Stales, — a do Prime ilo do $0 00 a 0 00 irgo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do 800 00 a 00 00 — •, shipping, 8 a 11— do store, unmspccled, 6 a 10— do FRESH GARDEK SEEDS. The subscribers are now receiving large supplies of Gar- den seeds from Europe, from their own Garden, and other sources. The following are included in the ereal number of varieties in their establishment, and which they offer at low prices, wholesale and retail. PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Improved Blue Imperial, Hills' Early, Woodford Dwarf Marrow, Early Dwarf, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, " Chatllon, Knighls' Dwarf, " Frame, Dwarf Marrowfats. " Warwick, Tall do. * BEANS. Lima, DwarfChina, Saba, " Mohawk, Horticultural Pole, " Marrow, Red Cranberrj do. " Kidney, White do. " Case knife, Kidney Pole, " Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGE. Long Late Drumhead, Early York, I.ale Sugar loaf, !' Ballersea, Green Globe Savoy, " Vanack, Red Dutch, " Hope Low Dutch Cabbage, Early Sugar-loaf, With a great variety of other sorts. Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broccolis in varieties. Cu- cumbers, Melons, Squash, sweet Maorjrum, Sage, Summer- Savory, Thyme, Ruia Baga, Turnips, more than Iweiiiy fine sorts. Threehundred varieties of Flower Seeds, and every variety of Garden and Field seed, too numerous to mention. JOSEPH BRliCK & CO. Boston, Dec. 12, 1813. POIIDRETTE. Improvements of such a nature have been mode in the manufacture of Poiidrcite, by the Lodi Manufacluring Co., near the city of New Vork. as lo warrant the opinion, that it is the cheapest and best manure now known and m use. By experiments which have been made il has been proved that its fructifying powers have been greally increased ; it8 operation upon vegetable mailer quickened. Il will obviate thy effects of severe drought and will retniiv its fertilizing uiinliiies much longer than any Poudrelte heretofore made. It will ripen corn in 66 days, lit for use. Ihe price will be reduret/ the following season, as /dllows. At the factory it will be sold in bulk, at tlie rate of 25 cents per bushel. It will be delivered at any wharl or place in the city of New Vork, free of cartage and olher expense, at the rate of J2for I bbl. which conlafiis 4 bushels; S3 50 for 2 barrels ; S5 for 3 barrels, and 810,50 lor 7 barrels, and al Ihe rale of *1,50 per barrel lor any larger quantity. Persons wishing the ar- ticle, will please'give notice in due season, as the orders will be luUilleil in the order of time received. The Co. was in- corporated ill February, 1840, for 30 years, by the Legislatui;e of New .lersey. No liabiliiy to stockholders beyond their subscription of SlOO per share. A few shares of what is called the " Reserved Slock," remain lobe subscribed for, which Ihe company guarantee shall pay a dividend of 50 bushels of Poudrelte a year on each share, as authorized by the charter. A pamphlet containing instructions for its use and all other necessary inlormation, is in preparation and will be sent gratis soon alter the first of January next, to any person applying for it, post paid. Agents have been, or will be appointed in most of tlie important places in the Eastern and Northern Stales, lo wluun persons may give orders. Where there is no agent, please direct "to the President of the Lodi Manufacluring Co., No. 43 Liberty street, New York,'' and it shall receive immediate attention. The reader will please refer lo the letter of Mr. Kenlish, pub- lished in this paper to day, December 20, 1843. SPLEHiDlD BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS. Just received by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., from Hol- land, a large and well selected assortment of DUTCH BULBOUS'ROOTS, among which are the following .— Hyacinths, of every color and variety. Tulips, do. do. do. do. do. Polyanthus Marciss^is, JVarcissus, Jonquills, Ranun cuius, ./Ineynones, Iris, Crocuses, of all colorf. Gladiolus, Lillies, &c. &c. Those who wish for fine Bulbs will do well to call and examine the above, as they are a choice selected lot, and will give universal satisfaction. Orders should be forward- ed soon lo ilie subscribers, 51 and 52 North Market Street, office of the N. E. Farmer. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. I. GARDEN SEEDS! GARDEN SEEDS! ! The subscribers are now receiving their fall supply of Gar- den, Gras« and Field Seeds of every description, and would tespectfully recommend lo their customers and the public to setieJ in. ihei,t; orders as early as possible, to secure a su])ply from their choisesi lots. Their stoc/i of Seeds for this sea,son will he very full and complete, and most of the varieties being raised under their own inspection, they can confidently recommend them as be-' ing pure and of the first qualities. Am^ing them are Long Blood Beet, Rula Baga, Early Turnip do. Long Orange Carrot, I'rench Sugar do. Early Horn oo. Mangel Wurtzel do. White Field do. Also, Cucumber and Cabbage Seeds of every variety ; Peas and Beans, of every kind ; which, together with a large supply of every kind of seed desirable for the fielil or garden, comprise the most complete and extensive assortment of Seeds to be found in any similar establishment in ihe coun- try. JOSEPH BRECK & CO , N. E. .Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 I and 62 Norlh Market Street, Boston. S Oct. 16, 1843. MirCK MANUAL.. The Farmer's Muck Manual, bv Dr. S. L. Dana— price 62 1-2 cents, for sale by JOS. BRECK & CO. Dec. 11. POUDRETTE ! POUDRETTE I ! The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale Poudrelte in quantities to suit purchasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satitfied many far- mers, that this manure has the quickest operation upon veg- etable matter, producing greater abundance, and is the cheap- est manure they have ever tried. Orders left al the New England Seerl Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt attention For sale by J. BRECK & Co., 51 and 52 Norlh Market Street, Boston Oct 26. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved, with a foot treader, is lound lo be a great improve- ment on Ihe old mode of banging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be attacl>- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK & Co., No. 51 North Market street. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared lo furnish every ■lescription of Fruit Trc and Ornamental Trees,' Shrubs and Plants. The autumn ia a suitable lime to transplant many Trees aiid ^ Plants, and oflen times more convenient than in spriii" We have aa great a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches," auinces, Currants, Gooseberries, ic. as can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest pfiees. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. II, 1843. PUitlPKI.V SEED ■WANTED. The subscribers will pay a fair price for a few bushels of the " old fashioned yellow Pumpkin Seed." suitable for planting, JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Nov. 23. 200 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. DEC. aO, 184; MISCELLANEOUS. BABOONS. On the hills adjacent to the C'^ipc nf Good Hope, these creatures are to be fonnd in vast nutnbers. On remarkably fine days, they assemble in regi- ments, and with all the order observed by military at drill. In general they approach the height of six feet; and certainly, in features and habits, re- semble the human species more than any other quadrupeds in existence, the Or.ing-Oiitang not ex- cepted. Dnrinor ilie late rendezvous of the 2'2d English regiment of foot nt the Cape, several ren- contres occurred between the soldiers and Baboons, ■whose thieving propensities were a source of con- stant alarm to every human being within the imme- diate range of their numerous caverns. The en- suing narrative is from a gentleman who was an eye-witness to the scene: " Our barracks were situated at the foot of a range of hills inhabited by these rascals. When- ever the soldiers went on parade, they were com- pelled, in self-defence, to leave a ;)osse of sentinels to protect their property ; notwithstanding which, their furtive neighbors, the Baboons, frequently stole and carried off their blankets, great coats, or any other garments on which they could lay their paws. A poor soldier's wife had washed her blank- et and hung it out to dry. Scarcely had she turn- ed her back, when one of these miscreants, ever on the watch, stole it, and ran off with it to/.he hills, which are high and woody. This act drew on them the indignation of the regiment, who formed a strong party, armed with sticks and stones, to at- tack them, under the hope of recovering the stolen property, and inflicting such chastisement as might deter them from the commission of similar acts in future. I was on the advance with twenty men, and made a detour to cut them off from the cav- erns, to which they always fled for shelter, in case of danger. They observed my movement, and im- mediately detached about fifty of their number to guard the entrance, while the others retained their post; and we could now distinctly see them col- lecting huge stones and other missiles. At this moment, an old grey-headed Baboon, who had pre- viously visited us at the barracks, and was known among the soldiers by the name of Father Murphy, was seen distributing his orders, and, with the ap- parent judgment of a most consummate general, planning the attack. Perceiving that my design was defeated, I joined the corp de main, and rushed on to the attack, >vhen a scream from Father Mur- phy was the signal for a general encounter, and immediately the host of Baboons under his com- mand, rolled down enormous stones upon us, and we were compelled to give up the contest to save our lives — and the ghrij to be won by a triumph over such a foe, was not of a character to make us at all ambitious to gain it at the hazard of our heads and shins. In our retreat, which was prompt- ed by what Falstaff thought " the better part of valor," they actually followed us to our doors, shouting, in indication of victory ; while, during the wh(de night, we heard such yelling and scream- ing, that we expected a night attack on llie bar- racks in which case we should have given them a touch of the ' murderous saltpetre ' and ' blue pills.' In the morning, however, we found, that all this outcry had been created by disputes about the di- vision of the blanket; lor we saw eight or ten of them with pieces of it on their backs, amongst the others strutted Father Murphy. These rascals annoyed us day and night, and we dared not venture out, unless in parties of five or six together. One morning, Father Murphy had the consummate impudence to walk into the gren- adier barracks, and was in the act of stealing a sergeant's regimental coat, when a corporal's guard (which had just been relieved,) took the liberty of stopping the gentleman at the door, and secured him. He was a powerful brute, and too much for one man. Notwithstanding his frequent misde- meanors, we did not like to kill the creature, as we were not certain that he had correct ideas respect- ing the laws of niet(»i and luum : so, having first muzzled him, we shaved his head and face, and turned him loose. To this ceremony he submitted very quietly ; and when thus shorn and otherwise titivated, he was really a good-looking fellow, and on the whole, more prepo.'jses.'ii ng in countenance, than many of the fashionable 'bloods' who figure in Bond street, at the West End. We then started 1 him up the hill, though he was reluctant to leave j us. Some of his companions came down to meet [ him, but, from the alteration which the shaving produced, they did not recogtiize him, and accord- ingly pelted him with sticks and stones so unmer- cifully, that poor Father Murphy actually sought protection from his former enemies, and in time became quite tamo and domesticated, and remained with us." An Irish soldier, who had been one of the 22d regiment, in verifying this last circuii'slance, said that every word of it was God's truth, and that if he (Father Murphy) had n't died within .the last year, he was slill alive, and at the barracks ! — Lon- don paper. Death knows no distinction of persons. It takes its victims from the rich as well as the poor — the king as well as the peasant. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH Great improvements liave lieen maile llie past year form and workmanship of tliese Ploughs; the mould has heen so formed as to lay the furrmei completely turning in every particle of grass or stubble, andieavit ground in the best possible manner. The length o mould lioard has he n very much increased, so tlia Plough works with the greatest ease, both wiih resp^ the holding and the team. The Commillee at the lalt of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Pb we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps .■ the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to try Prouty & Mears, but if your land is" heavy, hard or: BEGIN WITH Mb. Howard's.'' At the above mentioned trial the Howard Pl'-ug nwre work, vith the same pswer of team, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenty and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. dranjht, whi Howard Plough turned twenti/nine and one half ina the same power of learn .' All acknowledge that Hov Ploughs are much the strongest and most substar made. There has l)een quite an improvement made on the or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed w having to furnish a new hmdside: this shoe likewise si the mould board and landside together, and strengihe: Plough very much. The price nf the Ploughs is from S6 to $15. A PI. sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost SIO 50, and with cutter St, with wheel and cutter, extra. The aljove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and rel the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seeil Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & ( PATENT COIl.V SHBLLER. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that the practical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. It can be used in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and durable in its operation, and no way liable to gel out of order 3 one mau can work it to good advantage, though a nian to turn, and a boy to feed it, | wrks it much better than one alone. They are so light and portable, as to f)e easily removed from place to place, and one macldne will serve for several families 01 even the in- habitants of a small town. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and 52 North Market Street JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Not. 1. WILLIS'S LATEST I.MPKOVED VEGETABLE CUTTER. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- tent Improved Vegetable Culler. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of Cutting Kuta Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, and oilier roots. The great objection to other machines, is their culling the roots into slices, which makes it almost impossible lor the cattle to gel hold of iheni : this machine with a little alteration, cuts them uilo large orsmall pieces, of such shajie as is most convenient for the cattle to eat. It will cat with ease from one lo two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BHECK &. CO. Nov. 1. DRAFT ANO TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market st. HARRIS' TREATISE ON lASECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK CO., Hams' Treatises on Insects. Price 3J. Also, the second edition ol Dana' Muck Manual, price C2i els. Feb 15. GREEN'S PATENT STHA1V CVTTER. JOSEPH BRECK &. CO. at the New England Ai. tiiral Warehouse and Seed Stove Nos. 51 and62Nortli ket Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, Ha. Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not applied to any implement for this purpose. The most inent effects of Ihis application, and some of the consci peculiarities of the machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power rec to use il, that the strength of a half grown boy is sut' to work il elficiently. 2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been d by any olher machine even when worked by horse or power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner inwhic. cut, require sharpening less often ihan those of any,' straw cutter. I 4. The machine is simple inits construction, made al together very strongly. Ills therefore not so liable complicated machines in general use to gel oul ofori LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for t.^ the quality of milk. For sale by J BKECK & <' NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if no within sixty days. N. B. — t'ostniasters are perniitted by law to fro subscriptions and rendttancts for newspapers, w expense to subscribers. TVTTLE AND DEKNETT. PKIDTEKSt 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. J;^ PUBLISHED BV JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AoEioniTUBAt WAaBHousE.) xxii.l BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 27, 1843. tNO. a«. N. E. FARMER. For the New England Farmer. )RT.\NCE OF A THOROUGH PREPA- ^TION OF SOIL FOR A CORN CROP. • Editor — Much is said, and eome of it well respcciiiii; the brst methods of cuUiv;itiiig the mid, ns every liint, however trifling it may r, is, iipverlheltss, worth a passing notice, in to reuiind the more negligent portion of our ctablo yeomanry of what may prove liighly icial to them, i will give you the "sequel" of d crop of corn, for our section of country, 1 I raised on a small piece of ground. It was ted by all, I believe, who saw it, to bo the ield in town. w, I suppose, my method was similar to that ny, if not most of our farmers in this part of )untry ; but in my immediate neighborhood, s somewhat different. And, now, for the ^el." ! •.,-'.. a pieco of g.u..i.J vrhich h^i :ultivated to potatoes, principally, for three and had produced a tolerable crop of these root?, beside an abundant crop of weeds, had been suffered to seed on the ground. onie of my neighbors advised me not to plant :ause of the labor it would require to keep the weeds. I, however, planted it to Indian after preparing the ground in the following ;r : owed it n good depth, and as soon as it be- dry and friable, harrowed it fine. In two or days after, I carted on long manure, and 1 it thinly over the ground and plowed across rrows, harrowed again, furrowen3 ever conferred by man. But modern dis- ■ies have made agriculture more attractive forinorly. Now the application of science »rs it an inletUclual employment ; so that the er may improve his mind while improving his and cultivate liis heart as well as his tariu." 'e conclude our extracts with tlie closing par- phs of the address, in which a merited tribute spcct is paid to the late Corre.-^ponding Secre- of the Society, VVni. Lincoln, Esq. : Genllemenof the Society : Your callin£r, im- int ns it is, should never be permitted to iiitcr- wilh higher pursuits. There is a culture more irtant than that of the soil. 'Ihe intellectual moral field requires our utmost care. We are plants, which rise and blossom and decay. t 'all llesh is grass, and the goodliness thereof I the flower of the field,' is forcibly impressed 1 us at this time, by a recent instance of mor- y among the officers of this Society. In the h of their late Corresponding Secretary, the lety has sustained a severe loss. Actively de- d to the cause in which you are engaged, he ight the treasures of his rich and well-cultiva- mind, and laid them a willing offering at our 1. No duty was loo arduous for him to per- iii no E-crifice too great for him to make in cause of agriculture. Attached to your Soci- by sympathy, by long and active labor, he was of your more valuable members — among the ;t faithful of your officers. No want of the So- y ever escaped his attention ; he preserved all interests with a fostering care. His labors al- /8 contributed to the interest of our exhibitions ; 1 his presence on each returning anniversary, s hailed with joy by a large circle of devoted mds. But the heart which was warm with every gene- is emotion, has ceased to beat. The tongue ich could instruct or amuse us, is silent in death, e place which he filled with so much honor to nsilf and profit to the Society, is now vacant. 0 shall see our friend no more. But as Igng as irtesy and kindness are regarded with favor, as iiT as talent and genius command our respect, long as benevolence and generosity deserve our mmendatinn, or industry and fidelity are esteemed virtues, the memory of William Lincoln will cherished." APPLYING MANURES TO THE SURFACE. Whether putrescent manures should ever be ap- plied to ihe surface of the soil, is a question on which Ihe opinions of distinguished agriculturists are far from being unanimous. The right deci- sion of the question depends, in our view, upon the following circumstances. 1. The condition of the manure to be applied. 2. The character of the soil for which it is intended, '-i. The nature of the crop to bo benefited by it. 4. The time of the year when the manure is to bo carried out. L If tlie manure to be applied hus been com- posted, or if the process of fermentation has al- ready spent its force upon it, there can be no seri- ous objection to its being spread upon the surlace ; since, the gaseous exhalations having already es- caped, it is chiefly secured against the ravages of ihe atmosphere; and from infiltration there is noth- ing to fear, as that is the very process best adapted to bring the decomposed particles in contact with the mouths of the plants which are to feed upon it. 2. If the soil for which the manure is intended, be very porous to a considerable depth, the nearer MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF KRUITS. Saturday, Dec. 23, 1843. Fioni the President of the Society, u fine display of Winter Pears, coiLsisliiig of seven ilislies, viz : two of l$eurre d' Areniberg, one Passe Coliuar, iwo Moiis. Le Cure, nnd two of Gloul Moreeau. The riieiiibers present were indulged with the priv- ilege of tcniiig the qualities of these Pears. AH were eonsidcied fine, hut the Beiirre d' Aremliurg was considered pre-eminent. In fact there is not 11 Pear named in the whole catalogue that will sur- pass this excellent viiriely. It possesses one good quality which is not eoinmoii with all the Winter l>ears— tliiit is, its freedom from a propensity to shrivel. It continues as fine, in this respect, as when gathered from the tree. It is also an abun- dant bearer, and thrives us well on the Pear as on the Quince stock. From .losiah Lovetl, 2d, fine Glout Moreeau anil Easter Bemre Pears: the last variety were hardly the surface the manure can be deposited, without I niature, hut considered fine for the season. Mosquitoes in jVovember. — The New Orleans amend, of Nov. 24ih, says—" As we write, niyr- Js of mosquitoes are hovering around us, like il messengers. Think of that, ye frozen dwell- 8 at the North." Sir Humphrey Davy says the cause of the red- ;e8 of the sky at sunset is, that the air being then •y, refracts more red or heat-making rays ; and 1 dry air is not perfectly transparent, they ore rain reflected in the horizon. too much exposure to the at'iiosphere, the better; it being evident that the nutritive juices will soon descend beyond the reach of the plants, if it be in the first place buried too deep. 3. If the crop to be benefited consist of any of the finer grains or grasses, the application of the muniirc to the siiifin,e (Imiunvcd in, in tlie case oi grain,) will have a greater present cfi'ect than any other mode of application, as the roots, that is, the mouths of the plants, lying close to the surface, will have the readier access to their food. That natural meadow. land can thus be made to yield a greater burden of grass than by any other means, scarcely admits of a doubt. 4. If the manure to be applied is summer-made manure, which must be carted (uit in the fall, this mode of application will have another argument in its favor. By being spread at this season of the year, after the heats of summer are past, the fer- mentation and evaporation will be but slight, and the rains and snows which may lie expected to fall upon it in succeeding months, will either wash it into the soil, or so imbed it among the roots of the growing crop, as quite effectually to shield it from the wasting action of the atmosphere the succeed- ing season. One thought more upon this subject. With the relations of plants to the atmosphere as a source of nutriment, we are as yet much less acquainted than with those which they sustain to the soil; and agricultural science, in its onward progress, may yet dcvelope the fact, that manures applied to the surface, by exerting a direct and powerful agency upon the leaves of plants, and thus promoting an increased absorption of the nutritive particles of the atmosphere, may prove more beneficial, espe- cially in the case of grasses and the finer grains, notwithstanding the losses they sustain from evap- oration, than they would if buried beneath any por- tion of the soil. — Foole's Prize Essay. F'roni Henry Vandine, Long Rose Water Pear. By C. M. Hovey, from Ur. E. W. Bull, Hart- ford—Apples : Peck's Pleasant, Jahez Sweet, Hartford Sweet, and a seedling variety. The sweet varieties are known in Hartford, and con ?!dcred fine. Peck'- P!eas'.;nt wi? ton f;:r g-t'e to give a fiiir opinion of its merits. The Seedling was considered by some present, to be superior to the Baldwin— of a sprightly character, and hand- some red fruit. Fine Apples were presented from Joseph liallis- ter, of Dorchester ; of a beautiful red color, flesh white, and of excellent flavor. They were sup- posed to 1)C identical with the variety known as the Snow Apple. Mr Ballister gives the following ac- count of them : " The kind of Apples sent are here known as the ' Fameuse,' a French name. The scions Were brought from Montreal. They are generally a small apple : those sent are from my own orchard. From high cultivation, the tree produces 25 bush- els. 1 intend cutting some scions, which I can send you, if you have not the variety with you, nd should wish it.'' For the Committee, JOS. BRECK. Potatoes, according to the Journal of (commerce, e now selling, in Now York, for seventy fice cents bushd. A beautiful Oriental proverb runs thus : — " With me and patience, the mulberry leaf becomes atin." Al the beginning of the new year, ascertain the amount of your expenses during the year past, and the loss and gain, and record it. Having arrived at this important knowledge, you will imitate the prudent traveller, who always keeps in view where he is next to move. You will thou look forward and calculate how and in what way you shall best meet and prosecute the business of the year begun. Grafting Grape Vl^ES.— In Hovey's Maga- zine, a simple mode of grafting grape vines is de- scribeieces. ol such shape as is most convcnienl for the cattle lo eat. It will cut wilh case Irom one to two bushels of roots per mimue. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 2U0 " Truck and leading Chains. 2U0 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 Norlh Market si. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH KRECK CO., Hams' Treatises on [iibecis. Price 9i. Also, the second ediliuii ot' Dana' Muck Manual, price 02j els. Feb 15. GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CL'TTER. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. al the Now Ensland Agi luial Warehouse nnd Seed Store Nos. 61 and>2 .North kel Street, have lor sale. Green's Patent Straw, Hay Slalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle nol b applied to any implement for this purpose. The most ji incnl effecis of this application, and some of the conseij peculiarities of the machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum ol power reqi louse il, that ihe slrenglhof a half grown boy is sutti lo work il efficiently. 2. With even ibis moderalepower, il easily culstwob els a minute, which is full twice as fasi as hiis been da: by any other machine even when worked by horse or s' power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which cut, require sharpening less often than those of any ( straw cutler. 4. The machine is simple inits construction, made am together very strongly. It is therefore nol so liable ai complicated machines in general use lo gel oiii of ordi LACTO.VIETERS— a simple instrument fortes the quality of milk. For sale by J BRECK & C( NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or f 2 50 if not ) within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law lo frani subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, witlj expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT. PKINTERSt 2] School Street. w AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoricoltobal Wabehoobe.) KXH.I BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 3, 1844. [NO. ST. N. E. FARMER For the New England Farmer. ADVANTAGE OF SCIENCE TO AG- RICULTURE. Breck — 1 recollect seeing in a recent niiin- yoiir well-conducted journal, an arlicle rom- ig fin an extract from one of the agricultural , in wliicli the writer treated in a epirit of e the idea of any advantage accruing' to ng-- re through the agency of "ammonia, alkali," I strange, passing strange, to me, that men iaront intelligence should he disposed rather Ic the prejudice and bigotry of the illiteiate, 10 commend and encourage the enlightened of tliose whose researches have resulted in ping such important improvements — or truths are the Piouients of improvements — as those have be-:n brought to bear so successfully gricuifj-e within the space of the last quar- a cei.'L'jry. 1 say it is strange that such be the fact, yet it is not uncommon. There )se among us — writers for the public press, vho, as soon as a principle or deduction of 3 is recommended to the farmer for lo.st, to it may not be of benefit to him in some par- case, are ready to prejudice him against it cry of " moonshine" or " humbug." mkly confess I have no charity for such per- Iftlicy are sincere in their detraction, it r ignorance »hich prompts it — and arrogant nee destrvet no charity :--if they are not 5, and think different from what they sny, ley are hypocrites, and of tlie worst kind, r they serve as false lights that may lead otli- ray. If, however, in most cases, these per- nd ahilily and honesty in the proportion that ave arrognnce and bigotry, they might com- what tlioy now denounce; — but, happily for use of aor.cultural improvement, the influence h individuals can constitute no very serious iment to its progress — for, what is truth, will tselfso, and must ultiinatc'ly triumph, tve bt^en led to these remarks, Mr Editor, by recorded in your last paper, which seems to cibly to illustrate the advantage which may derived from the application of science to Iture. I allude to the statement in the arti- aded "Skilful Agriculture and Horticulture," r Pell, of Ulster county, N. Y., had, by the ition of charcoal to his land, raised upwards '.ntyeiohl hushtls of wheat to the acre — a crop, eve, unpr'xedented in this country. It is upon good authority, that the wheat-growers nee have succeeded in doubling tlie product :at in that kingdom within the last ten years, through the agency of charcoal. V, who discovered the value of this important in efTecting such results? Was it the con- 1 of any of that class just alluded to, who t science because its application to agricul- new, or who ridicule it out of pure igno- rance and bigotry, or to cater for the gratification of deep-rooted prejudice and sapient self-conceit? Was it the discovery of any of the family of Knoiv-tnovghs — the frothy declaimers against " hook-farming," who are satisfied with knowing as much as their fathers knew, and glory in know- ing no more '7 No — no. Agriculture is indebted to Science for this important discovery. It was the suggestion of French chemists that led the wheat- growers of France to adopt the use of charcoal on their fields — and the acquaintance with this fact and the theory, no doubt, that led Mr Pell, also, to use it for the same purpose, and wiih such signal success. To whom are wc indebted fur the great advan- tage which has accrued to our farmers from tlie knowledge of a remedy for so'jr soils, and of the valuable properties of lime as an amendment to va- rious grounds ? Do we owe these discoveries to any of those boastful "practical men," who sneer at science and the learning of books ? No: — this, too, IS to be charged to the credit of science. Such facts as these — these atone, indeed — are sufficient to cont'ound with shame the shallow de- tractors of science as an aid to the farmer — and until they can originate discoveries by their boasted "practical experience," as important as these, they will better act the part of wisdom in holding their speech, than in betraying their stupidity in sense- less slurs at that which is above their comprehen- sion or too exalted to suit their grovelling inclina- tions. Very truly, yours, D. For the New England Fanner. "BORROWING." Mr Breck — 1 was pleased to see by your last paper that 07ie of the aggrieved by the practice of " borrowing," has had the boldness to come out and state his wrongs, — and though the editor of " The Cultivator," (from which you copied,) gives the sufferer no very profitable consolation, (albeit the best the case admits of,) still I think good mav come to others " afflicted in like manner," from his statement of his grievances, as it may "hold a mirror up" to some, that will enable tliein to "see themselves as others see them." The habitual borrower is an "intolerable bore." I refer more particularly to those who, having the means of supplying themselves, are too parsimo- nious to purchase, but depend upon their neigh- bors— even for articles which are in freiiuent use on the farm. I knew one of this class, who, rath- er than buy a grindstone, used to go near a quarter of a mile to a neighbors, whenever he wanted to sharpen a tool. If, as Franklin said, " time is money," it would be amusing to calculate how many grindstones the time would purchase, winch this person had spent, in the course often years, in going from his own to his neighbor's premises to sharpen his tools. And yet this man was the pos- sessor of an unincumbered estate valued at seven thousand dollars. If tlicro is any sort of economy 'n such policy, it must be of a piece with that of •' saving at the spigot and letting out at the bung." T le practice of borrowing articles for which one has frequent use, is indefensible; and he ought nal to forfeit the name of being obliging and neighbor- ly, who should take a firm stand against it, and re- fuse to lend, except in cases where the propriety was obvious. It needs all the philosophy and equanimity of temper of an Uncle Toby, to bear without "growl- ing," the constant annoyance of some borrowers. Articles even which they could make themselves at their leisure, without the outlay of a copper of their dearly-loved cash, they frequently depend up- on their neighbors for. A neighbor to one of this class, once told ine an expedient he adopted to get rid of his annoyance. The "borrower" in ques- tion, had occasion for frequent use of a tub-tunnel, for filling casks — and for this simple convenience he had for years depended upon his neighbor ; and the article not unfrequently came home (upon being sent for,) in a somewhat worse condition than "hen it was taken. The lender bore this till " for- bearance ceased to be a virtue" — and to put a stop to it "as easily as he could," (I quote his words,) he sent three times a week for the aforesaid bor- rower's shaving apparatus, stating that his own was out of repair, and invariably kept it till the owner sent for it. This so provoked the latter, that he finally refused to loan it again — and, in conse- quence, there was no interchange of civilities be- tween the two neighbors for some time. In the meanwhile, the borrower aforesaid, made a tunnel for his own use, and his former friend, the lendrr, having learned the fact, sought an interview with his offended neighbor ; "explanations" were mutu- ally given, and their former friendship renewed, with a hearty laugh, over a mug of " old orchard." Truly yours, D. The late venerable Judge Peter.s, former Pres- ident of the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, speaking of the original members of thai Society, says — "Their task was dilKcult; for their influence among practical farmers was neutralized by almost unconquerable prejudices. Few believed that those who did not follow the plow, could possibly advise the tillers of the soil. They persevered, however, with unremitting en- deavor, until many among the intelligent fanners, not only in our own, but other States, were con- vinced of, and asserted their usefulness." .^t that time, he continues, so blind were men to their own interests, that even that eminent agri- culturist, as well as statesman, the immortal Wash- ington, failed in his endeavor to prevail upon the National Legislature to cstahlish " a National Pro- fessorship of Agriculture," and Madison labored, without success, to cause a similar Professorship to be engrafted upon the plan of the Virginia Uni- versity. Swift said he never knew a man to attain emi- nence who loved to lie in bed in the morning. 210 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JAN. 3, 1S14, MR. SALTONSTALL'S ADDRESS Before Hit Essex County Agricultural Society. Gentlemen : — * * On this twenlysixtli anniver- sary of our Society, permit me tn congratulate you on its success and prosperity. The display of ani- mals, of vegetable pnxluctions, and of implements of husbandry, the trial of that great and earliest instrument of agricnilure, and indeed of civiliza- tinn — the plow — and the exhibition of articles of domestic manufacture, have never been excelled on any former occasion, and afford ihe most f^rati- fying evidence of tlie progress of agricultural im- provement. Our Society was one of the earliest in the Com- monwealth. At first, it had to contend with great prejudices. Many farmers in this ancient county, were contentedly going on in the old paths in which their fathers had gone before them. From generation to generation, lliey had cultivated the earth in a certain mode, and little improvement, or indeed change, had been made. Their fathers had prospered without the aid of agricultural associa- tions, and wliy should they meet together to exhibit the produce of their farms and to communicate to each other the results of their experience ? Their fathers had learned to cultivate the soil without reading agricultural journals, and why should they resort to books for instruction on this practical sub- ject ? Agriculture was deemed a mere imitative art, not to be improved by scientific researches. These prejudices have passed away. No one now opposes or attempts to cast ridicule on these asso- ciations, which are spreading over our broad land, and whose good effects are seen in improved culti- vation, not only in our own blessed New JCngland, but in the States of the far West, and their light has broken in upon those less favored regions where labor is not held in that honorable estima- tion which it must enjoy, before a community can be truly prosperous. • « » # Much good has been done by this Society. Per- haps there has at no time been any striking change in farming in this county. The improvement has not come with observation, "Lo here, or lo there!" — but we see tlie results. Its progress lias been like that of vegetation — you see it not, but it goes on — " first the blade, then the ear, then the full corn in the ear," until it is ripened for the joyful harvest. Many are indebted to the operations of this Society for their own improvements, who are not themselves sensible of it. It is not necessary to be a practical farmar to notice the agricultural improvement around us. It is seen in the richer covering of our fields, in the greater variety and abundance of products, and in the improvement of stock. Many of our farmers have learned that an interior animal requires as much care and expense as a good one, and "that both are thrown away up- on cattle which will neither give milk nor meat." They have learned that corn strengtheneth the heart of the patient and laborious ox, as well as of man. They arc learning the importance of pro- curing improved implements of husbandry. In neatness, too, they are learning that clean cultiva- tion is, like personal neatness, a great attraction. Although there is still much room for improvement, the chosen receptacle of carts, plows and clutter o( ■ 11 sorts, is not so commonly as it once was in front of the house, and across the door path. These are removed to a more suitable place, while before the house, you see a neat enclosure. I rejoice to add, that that sex, whose taste and whose influ- ence give a finish and a charm to the rougher works of man, are learning that the most beautiful house is never so beauliful as when sonielhing is left lo imagination, and it is seen through trers and shrubs — o'.ir noble elms, our beautiful moun- tain ashes and firs, our familiar lilacs, which have always found favor in Now England ; roses, and dahlias, those lovely flowers, which mav dispute with the rose, the lofty title of " queen of flowers." Still we often look in vain, and on some of our best farms, for the neat grass plot, ornamented with shrubs and flowers and climbing vines. We should learn that these things, which are within the reach of every one, and which in themselves seem but trifles, make the most simple farni-hoiise attractive, and that wliile they improve the taste, they contribute essentially to our enjoyment. As has been beautifully said, "they are the innocent occupation of the young members of the family, the elegant luxury of ihfni all, and they impress even the passing stranger with a sense of the taste and the ease of the farmer." * * The cause of agriculture has recently received a stimulus which it never before felt. Its improvement in this country and in Europe, has been so rapid, and its advance and estimation as a science so great, that it would be an instructive labor to trace its progress. * * Nowhere h«3 this improvement been greater than in our Father- land, as England may well be called by the I'ar- mers of Essex, many of whom are now cultivating Ihe fields set oR" to their English ancestors in the "division of lots," two centnries ago. Agriculture was introduced into England by the Romans, and strange as it may seem, very little improvement was made in the art for many centuries afterwards. Greater progress has probably been made within the last half century than in the sixteen hundred years succeeding the Roman conquest. Is it not astonishing, that in a state of society so advanced as to produce the acknowledged masterspirits of England in literature, the arts, and in science, the parent art — the art of arts — should have been passed by as unworthy of their attention, and as wholly di-^connected with science ? The subject is so closely connected with politi- cal economy, and the condition and resources of nations, that no well informed man can be wholly ignorant of the astonishing progress of agriculture in England, as seen in th« improvement of stock, in the variety and rotation of crops, in the intro- duction of new grains and vegetables, in the knowl- edge and compositicm of manures and their more judicious application, and in their gathering up the fragments, so that nothing shall be lost of every animal and vegetable substance which can give ad- ditional fertility to the soil and increase its pro- duction. The improvement in agricultural implements, too, has probably been greater within thirty years, than for centuries before. Within a comparatively recent period, the husbandman held the plow made by his own hand. Indeed, it was expected of the plowman to be able to make his own plow. And now, what a change ! — nearly fifty varieties of plows have been exhibited at a fair of the Royal Agricultural Society. And this is not so wonder- ful as the fact just announced to this meeting, that twentyfivc plows liave bten offered this day for premiums, nt a trial of plows to be had. Our dis- tinguished minister to England, Mr Everett, at the late great festival of that Society, remarked, that "'Till lately, ali the great improvomenta in agri- culture seem to have been the prniluct of the fancy of mankind." "The very plow dcscribet Viriri), is to be found in the south of Euroi But, he adds — " In going the round of your im, ment and stock yard, I could not fail to be sir with the fact, that how much cause soever mi have existed in former times, for com|)lainin| the deficiency and want of improvement in the ( striiction of agricultural implements, or in any. er part of agriculture, there was no room now making a similar complaint." The result of the spirit of improvement in stock, is wonderful. What would an English mer (or an American one) now think of the the sheep, the swine or the horse of the tim Queen Elizabeth ! He would scarcely know animals ; he certainly would not give them I room, or permit them to mingle with his flocks herds. « • « » But successful husbandry depends so much i circumstances peculiar to each nation, that it be asked. What has an American farmer to 1 from the experience of other countries.' We swer, much every way. The great cause of i cultural improvement in England has been application of scientific principles to the prat of husbandry; and science is universal. She c leaps all national bounderies. She confinei her favors to the old or the new world, nor tracts within the narrow limits of gcograpl lines, what was meant for mankind. But we need not go abroad for evidence of juster estimate of the importance of agricul The spirit of improvement is spreading ovei broad land. It has even penetrated into old ginia — and you know that the first article • Virginian's creed has been, that nothing Virgi is capable of improvement. That eminent i ciilturist, the late James M. Garnett, has lol what the state of farming has been, in the Old minion, and what are its present condition prospects. "Formerly, (he says,) cattle wcrf much neglected, that it was common for multit to be starved to denlh every winter, to supply h enough for shoeing the negroes on every f My grandfather was once near dismissing a | overseer, because cattle enough had not die the farm to furnish leather for that purpose ! a favorite opinion with many, even now, tha kinds of farming stock, except horses, are em with a sort of natural sagacity or instinct, w enables them to choose for themselves, in weather, much better shelter than their owi could provide for them. In the spring you behold n spectacle sad enough to move the pill any person who can feel for brute beasts — half dead with the mange — sheep, which have ed nearly all the trouble of shearing, by drop a large portion of their fleeces in Ihe fields, have prevented an overstock of lanbs by yea them in situations convenient to the politic t of buzzards, which may be seen hovering them, in greedy anticipation of their custoii feasts, — and cattle, (heaven help them ! for will not,) with their backs arched, as much as spines will admit, and all four feet drawn u them, to balance themselves, as it were, stronger wind than common should place the a situation which wo call, being on the lift know not whether you northern farmers unders the meaning of this phrase : — we apply it to c that have fallen down from utter inability to si and of course, are unable to rise without b XX It. NO. ar. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 311 lip ngnin. And os to dniries in old Virgin- Iniibt whether one in a hundred of our ordi. rarmers, owns such a thing ns a dairy, or I knnw how to construct one pro|)erly. Among ch r.irmtTS, biiltcriaan article quite as scarce ■ sfiriti;;, as if it were proliibited by law." hat a picture of osriciiliure in tlie land of he- ind sAgrs — the mother of States ! And this year eighteen hundred and fortytwo! Thank n, these phrases do require e.xplanaticn to a crn fanner, where cattle are on Ike lift only 3 iinprnvrinent of iheir breed — and who do etand, (and their wives, too,) the meaning and se of a dnirif. t let u-i rejoice with the distinguished ngri- •ist, that these disgraceful proofs of bad hus- y in Kastern Virginia, are rapidly disappear- nd that an impulse has been given by agri- al j'liirn.ili and societies, which has effected vements which will, without doubt, be per- nt. 6 great improvements already made in agri- ■e, have increased the facilities and advanta- f farming in the United States, and encour- s to aim at still further improvements. We now in this country implements of husbandry I very best kind — said to be much better than ir instruments in Europe — for the fiee Ameri- lind takes the lead of all others in niechani- ventinns. With respect to cattle, we have variety, and the best of all varieties. We too, all the varieties of sheep and of swine luced from abroad, or improved at home. And horses, we are said to possess quite as good 9 for draft, and even for the turf, as there is gland. e progress of agricultural improvement has accelerated, as the importance of this branch lustry has been more and more appreciated, it is indeed an interest of the highest national ■tance. It furnishes at least three-fourths of e exports of the United States. * * The ;ensus shows that the number of persons cm- d in agriculture is more than one-third of the 3 population, and nearly three times as many e employed in mauufactiires, trade, commerce laviiration. Our country is essentially a na- 3f farmers — and when we consider the rapid ase of population, the subject of agriculture Is into one of immense magnitude. Applying otio of increase of the last, to the next til'ty !, (a period which some who hear nie will ;i,)the population in 18'.)0 will be seventyfoiir ons, and at the end of a century, (hree hundred ons. What but agriculture can sustain and sh employment to this mighty population? • W'e are indeed, " a world by ourselves," would American farmers, the real strength of ountry, feel and fulfil their responsibilities and call, elevate their views above all low and onal considerations, and go heart and hand lor country — our whole country — wc should in , be independent of all other nations. * * 'e of Ma3.sachusett3 should take an especial est in the object of this Society. The foun- of New Kngland were from necessity cultiva- of the soil. " They left their pleasant and liful homes in Kngland, to plant their poor cot- 3 in the wilderness." They drew their sup- from the earth, the common mother of us all. required toil, but gratefully yielded back with est, all that was bestowed upon her. Slie has ished and brought us up as children. The men who achieved our independence — who were they .' Principally farmers. * * The men who founded the institutions of Massachusetts, who made her what .«he is — from whom, indeed, we in- herit almost all that is worth preserving — were our agricultural forefathers. There is not beneath the sun anotlier class of men like American farmers. Where else is the land cultivated by those who own it? Time was when such a class existed in F.ngland, but it is nearly extinct, and is known only in story or in song. 'l"he asriciillural classes there, now, are the few great landholders, and the laboring peas- antry, who have no interest in the soil they ciijti. vate. Here, lie who plows the land, turns out his own furrow. Ho reaps in joy his own harvest, i'he improvements he makes are his own. He owns the land he cultivates. He knows that another will not reap where he has sown. He is ■\ freeholder, that good old English title. We, in this blessed land, are indeed " a peculiar people." Who need suffer from want here ? Do any find themselves " straightened for room," in the quaint language of our forefithers ? Let them go and take possession of their farms in some part of our vast public domain. Let them go, and take the great .N'ew England instruments of civilization with them, the axe, the plow, and the Bible, and their New England habits, and their love of New Fingland institutions ; — let them go and make homes for themselves in the wilderness, and future generations will rise up and call them blessed, ns we do our fathers. We think, however, that our good old county is not yet full or worn out, but that it offers still, scope to agricultural industry and enterprise. We do not urge or encourage our young men to wander abroad in pursuit of happiness — but if they go, our loss will be the the gain of some other part of our common country. [To be continued.] Purging Sick Horses. — C. W. Gooch, of Vir- ginia, writing to the editor of the Southern Planter, says : " The ordinary means of purging a ."^ick horse, are so slow in operating, that, in many cases, they do no good. I send you a very simple recipe with which some of your readers may not be ac- quainted, which r have never known to fail. I saw it many years ago in the American Farmer, and have tested it. Take a piece of chalk about the size of n wal- nut, and reduce it to powder ; put this into a quart bottle ; pour vinegar into this until the efferves- cence prevents your pouring more, and, having the horse ready, drench him with it. But little vine- gar can be gotten into the bottle the first time, so that you will have to pour more into it, and drench a second time. Ordinarily a pint will do. In cases where it does ni't operate in five or ten min- utes, persevere in the dose, and in a very short time the suffering animal will be well again." NOTICES OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. "Daily M.\nna fob Christian Pilgrims" : liT Rev. Baron Stow. Published by Gould, Keiidnll & Lincoln, No. 39 Washington street. — This at- tractive little gem of a work, contains o verse of scripture for every day of the year, with a brief analysis of each passage, and b verse of nn appro- priate hymn. Every christian who jiossesses it, will fiiiil it a profitable and interesting book. Its mechanical execution is beautiful. It would make an appropriate new year's present. The Boston Almanac. — Mr Dickinson has is- suer! the Boston Almanac fur 1844. The mechan- ical execution is in fine style. It contains 180 pa- ges, embracing all the information about Boston which.a business man could desire. The directory fills upwards of 60 pages, being 20 more than it contained last year — showing, most conclusively, a great increase in the business population of the city. The work must have been one of great labor and care, and we hope the imblisher will find ample remuneration. A DnN. — We cull upon those indebted to us for the Farmer, to remit the amount of their dues an soon as convenient, and thus not only show they have a disposition to " deal justly," in obedience to the scriptural injunction, but that the paper is of some value to them. Mr Ellsworth, Commissioner of Patents, at Washington, slates that Mr Bommer's process of converting any vegetable substance into manure, is nn imposition. That is, the process is a mosl valuable one, but Mr Bommer has no patent for it, and has no right to any. The process is substan- tially that of M. Geoffrey, a Frenchman, and has been very slightly improved by Bommer, and even that alleged improvement is said to be not original with liim. Mr Ellsworth will explain the whole matter in n letter in the next Albany Cultivator. — Exch. pap. The following experiment proves the value of corn-cobs : " A farmer in Virginia, a few years ago, afraid that his corn crop would not be sufficient to last through the winter, determined to try, and act- ually succeeded in wintering his horses on corn- cobs alone, pounded in a homminy mortar. They received no other substance except hay fodder. Upon this they did their winter's work, and were in good condition." Queer Simile. — That eccentric mortal, " liord Timothy Dexter," said many curious things, but his idea of ingratitude is the richest thing of the kind we ever met with. " Blast that fellow !" said his lordship one day, while speaking of a neighbor, whom he had befriended, without being thanked for it—" be is like a hog under a tree, eating acorns, but never thinks of looking up to see where they come from." — Mail. The Exeter News Letter says, that wood sawed and split and nicely piled up out door.*, will go fur- ther lhi\n il'it he \eft unsawed and within doors: and adds that some has been known to go half a mile in one night, in that town recently. An Irishman who asked a teacher of music how much he charged for instruction, was informed six dollars for the first month and three for the second. " Then sure, 1 '11 come the second month," said Pat. Depend not on fortune, but on conduct. 212 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JAK. 3, 1S< For the N. E. Farmer. MANURING ROOT CROPS WITH THEIR TOI'S. Mr Breck — In a former communication tn yonr paper, I promised to give the result of an oxperi- menl which I waa induced to make from the eug. gestion or experience of one of your correspon- dents. He said thai " if tlia tops of several kinds of root crops were left on the ground where they grew, that the next crop of the same kind would be as good as the precedinpf, and so on from year to year, without a resort to rotation." After harvesting a piece of carrots in 1842, the tops were thrown into heaps and covered with dirt. In the spring, the heaps were spread evenly over the ground and plowed in with the manure for another crop of carrots. The ground, each year, was first planted with onions, and ahout six weeks after, planted again with carrots. In 1843, the on- ion crop was almost a failure, from planting old seed, wliich gave the carrots a bettei chance. The present year, the onions did well, and yielded at the rate of 290 hiishels an acre more than the for- mer crop, while the carrots fell short 150 busliels an acre. The last carrots, either by some defect in the seed, or planting, did not come up well ; spaces of several feet in every row were missing. I also suffered more vines to grow among them this year than last ; and then a very severe drought last summer had a tendency to lessen the crop. Considering all the disavantages, the yield was good; the roots were as large and smoother than the former crop, which, I have no douht, with the same chance, would have been heavier. So that, on the whole, the experiment has strengthened my faith in the efficacy of the application of the tops to the succeeding crop, and convinced me that they restore to the soil a portion of that specific food which the former crop had exhausted. A statement of the produce of the same piece of ground for 1842, was inserted last winter in the N. E. Farmer, (vol. xxi. p. 243,) which was said to be a i^ood crop, but as it has given a better yield tliis year, will briefly state the expense of cultiva- tion, together with the quantity and value of the crop. The spot of land is a little island on a marsh, that contains one-fourth part of an acre. Soil, rather sanily, very free and easy to work, and but little inclined to weeds. Fifteen single horse- loads of hor/-pen and barnyard manure were plowed in, and 20 bushels of ashes worked in with a rake. On the 14ih of April, 9 oz. of onion seed was plant- ed in rows two feet apart. After hoeing twice, 8 oz. of carrot seed was planted the 1st day of June, between the rows of onions, and the whole hoed twice more. Sold 91 bushels of onions by meas- ure, and re.'ferved two barrels. The carrots were Bold by weight, 104 1-2 bushels, and put 42 1-2 bushels, by measure, in my cellar. I also raised on the same spot, 1870 lbs. winter squashes and J260 lbs. citron melons. Sold 1085 lbs. squashes at one cent a pound, and a part of the citrons at the 1 same price. Kept no particular acount of the cit- rons— they were not saleable : gave away more than I sold. Paid 50 cents a load for the manure, and 13 1-2 cents a bushel for the ashes. The proceeds of the crop and expense of culli- vation stand thus : Produce. 96 bush, onions at 40 cts. ,$,38 40 147 do. carrots at 17 " 24 99 3130 lbs. squashes and citrons at 4c. 15 05 Amount of crop, . ^79 04 Erpense. Manure, including ashes, $10 00 Onion and carrot seed, 94 19 1-2 days labor, at 75 cts. 14 62 4 1-2 do. do. horse, at 75 cts. 3 38 Cost of cultivation, §28 94 Net profits of 1-4 acre, $50 10 The crop of 1842, was 20 bush, onions, ISO bush, carrots, and about 1000 lbs. squashes, not weighed. The most correct way of trying the experiment with the root tops, would be to confine the ground to one kind of crop, but when I was reminded of it by your correspondent, my different kinds were then growing ; and therefore concluded that the most correct trial would be to cultivate the piece in the same way again. Thus I have endeavored, with some degree of accuracy, to give the result of the experiment, and will leave it for the reador to judge how much the tops benefit the succeeding crop. I am fully con- vinced that if the last crop of carrots had come up as well as the first, had not been injured by the drought, nor overrun with vines, that it would have been equally as good, if not better, notwithstand- ing I get about five times as many onions. Have left the tops on tt»e ground again for another crop of carrots, and should a farther trial show a differ- ent result, with your indulgence, the public shall have the benefit. Q Wickford, R. 1., Dec. 1843. Bemarfrs.— Statements like the above are just what we want. We feel greatly obliged to our valued correspondent for his repeated contributions to the N. E. Farmer. The details of his succes- sive operations on the same piece of land, will be duly appreciated by nil our readers. It appears that the profits of the same lot of land (one-quarter acre,) in 1842, was ,$21 37, or at the rate of $85 48 per acre; and last year, at the rate of $200 64 : this is quite an increase— and if the profits could be made to augment in the same ratio from year to year, it would not be necessary to cultivate a very large lot to support a family. But this is not possible. The statement exemplifies the impor- tance of thorough cultivation. It shows that it is much better to improve a liltU and !«.■<■//, rather than to half cultivate four times the quantity. We have no doubt of the correctness of the theory that every crop is best manured with it.-: own decompos- ing matter or substance. It is said to be so with the grape vine. The superfluous wood and foiliage taken off with the pruning knife, is said to be amply sufficient to manure and keep in good order a vineyard. This is the reason, no doubt, why onions, as said, do as well and even better, on the ground where they have been many years cultiva- ted. The tops are cut and left on the field where the onions grow. We should be glad to hear from our correspondent more frequent than once a year. Early Rising. — In forty years, a man who rises at six in the morning, lives ten years longer, in one sense, than one who lies in bed two°hours longer a day. DISEASE IN POTATOES. In our paper of the 5th inst., we alluded to disease in potatoes ; and as every thing relai to this subjr-ct is of vital importance to the fa, who raises, and all persons who make use of statTfor the table — and who is there that does relish a good potato with his meals .' we subjoin the opinions of several persons upon rot in the potato. Dr. G. B. Smith, of Baltimore, gives it as opinion, that the disease is a fimcru.,^ beloni'in the same class of vegetable growth as rust smut in wheat and corn, and mould and mill He recommends, as a restorative, (not havin! manner in which the cattle fair is ctmducted at Brighton. You may remember that, in coming from Cush- ing's garden last summer, we passed through Brighton, and I pointed out to you the caltle-fair hotel, and the pens adjacent thereto. This hotel and the pens belong to a company who tease the hotel and grounds ; and drovers, coming in to mar- ket their cattle, are allowed the free use of ilie pens for the purpo^^e of disposing of their cattle. There is no system about Ihe matter evcept what is observed at a barber'.s shop, of" first come, first served," as to the use of the pens. The cat- tle are generally driven into the immediate iieigli- borhood on Saturday or Sunday, and on Sunday evening, or very early on Monday morning, the cattle are placed in the pens, where they remain until they are disposed of; which is usually dur- ing Monday forenoon. The butchers from Boston, New Bedford, and the large towns in this vicinity, meet the drovers at this holel, and "dicker" with each other for beef, pork, or mutton, in their own way ; some selling their cattle by the head.; some by gross weight, and some by net weight ; and in the latter case, the butcher drives off his cattle after making the price, and takes them to his slaughter-house, which may be five, ten, or fifty miles distant ; and, in a day or two, meets the drover at some place agreed upon, (generally at some hotel in Boston,) and brings with him, on a slip of paper, the net weight of the cattle, and pays the money, as agreed upon at Brighton. The drover relying upon the honesty of the butcher for the weight of his cat- tle; and I am told that it has scarcely, if ever, been known that any dispute or difficulty arises in consequence of this mode of dealing. The sheep are generally sold by the head and hogs by the weight. During nearly the whole day of Monday of each week, the roads leading from Brighton to the neigh- boring towns are filled by little squads of cattle, sheep, and hogs, which are marched off to the "place of execution;" where they are dressed for the market, and then transported to the city in wagons and placed in the butchers' stalls ready for sale. '1 he season for packing beef and pork has now commenced, and Brighton village, on Monday mornings, presents a livehj scene. There are sev- eral large packing establishments in Cambridge and Brighton, where beef and pork are put up for the use of the navy, for shipment, and for general sale. The same establishments frequently render the tallow, make candles and soap, and sell the bones, or ship them to Europe. Near Day's rope works, in Roxbiiry, is a perfect " Golgotha," where beef is jerked, and the bones and heads are piled up like the Egyptian pyramids, waiting for ship- ment, or which sometimes happens to be ground up for manure. At Brighton we find fat cattle from all the New England States, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and "Old Kentuck," and sometimes from the rich prairies of Illinois. We have a great variety, and the prices generally range higlier than at New York and Philadelphia. Y'ou will see in the " Boston Daily Advertiser" every week a report of the sales at Brighton. The butchers are, many of them, men of con- siderable wealth, and I know of several who have risen from email beginnings in that way, to be- come our largest produce dealers and commission merchants. H. When " Old Zachariah," the great merchant of Liverpool, was uskcd by what means he contrived to amass so much wealth, his reply was, " Friend, by one article alone, in which thou may's! deal too, if thou pleasest — Civility." 214 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, JAN. 3, IS1 JINP HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited by Josepb Breck. Boston, Wednesdat, Jak. 3, 1844. THE NEW VEAR The New England Farmer to its Realers — Greeting : "A Hippy New Year" to each and all of you : peace and healtli be within your borders, and may pleiily crown ynur labors. What more of mere earthly gnod c^n you ash yourselves — what more can be wished for you .' As cu-tom has rendered it somewhat incumbent on the editor to mingle his new-year wishes with a little moralizing, Hir the spinlu;il benefit of his renders, we will corih.rin to the usage, and endeavor to fill the place of the pre.icher — promising that if our sermon has no Other merit, it shall be brief. The commencement of a new year is a fitting occa- sion to lake a retrospect of the past and to plan for the future; — lo discover in what respects and through what causes we have erred, — and, having settled these points to our satisfdciion, wisdom dictates ihnt our calculaticms for the future be formed with a view to avoid like er- rors. He who gains no wisdom from experience, lives in vain ; and he who becomes no bolter by age, most likely becnmes worse. In worldly affairs, where men's temporal interest alone is concerned, it is considered consummate folly in them to adopt a course which they know will impoverish rath- er than enrich them ; and rare indeed is it that we find one wlio thus proceeds; — bul how often, in the concern of their spiritual interest, do we find men illustrating an equal, nay, a greater folly, — absorbed in the pursuit of the fleeting and perishable treasures of earlh, ralher than seeking to " lay up treasure in heaven." It is written that " he that makcih haste to be rich, shall not be innorcnt" — and wo need bul look into our own hearts to be convinced that this is truth ; for, when the sordid desire of gain engrosses our thoughts, it stifles the warning voice of " the monitor withm," and ren- ders us, tO') often, alike neglectful of our duties to God and our fellowmen. It is for such, particularly — (and who of us can lay liis hand upon his heart and say, oj such neglect I am en- tirely guiltless ?) — it is for such that the beginning of a ne>v year is a peculiarly appropriate occasion for self- examinalion and serious leflecliun. Let us all improve it for this purpose ;— bring into comparison duties done and duties neglected, — promises made and promises un- performed ; and see how we stand in account with God and man: — and, in view of our past faults and short- comings— in view of the balance which we shall no doubt find against us for duties undischarged — let us re- solve that, if we cannot alone for the errors of the past, we will live so blamelessly in future, that we shall nol, at Ihe commencement of another year, have cause to reproach ourselves so justly as at the commencement of ihis, with having done much that we ought not to have dune, and left undone much that we ought to have performed. Our sermon is preached, — and we conclude as we commenced, with the hearty wish of " a Happy New Year*' to all our patrons and friends; — we wish them all the worldly prosperity ihey can ask (or themselves ; — a full portion of that belter and unpurchaseable good, '* Which nothing earthly gives nor can destroy — The Bi.ul's calm sunshine and the heart felt joy' : and, making the commencement of a new year, in more or less respects, the commencement of a new life, let us all — in ihe beauiiful words nf liryant — " So live, that when our summons comes to join The innumerable caravan that moves To the daik realms of death, we go nol, Like the quarry-slave at night, Scourged lo his dijn;;eiin ; bul, sustained and soothed Bv iin unfaltering iiust, appioaih nur grave Like one who wraps 'he dr.ipery of bis conch About him, and lies down lo pleasant dreams." PREPARING POULTRY FOR THE MARKET. We are induced to offer a few remarks on iho impor- tance of a little more atienticn being paid lo the exter- nal appearance of poultry, before it is exposed for sale in our market, from the fact that large quantities arc every week brought in, on which there is probably a lojis of from one 10 three cents per pound, arising, in a great measure, from the slovenly stale in which it ap- pears ; whereas if due regard were paid to dressing, much of it would bring the highest price. " Boston folks are full of notions," as we all very well know, and tliey are particularly notional in the matter of the appearance of the meals offered for sale in and about Quincy market. The dealers inside, under- stand their business well ; and we frequently lake a stroll with some stranger friend, with no small feelings of prid", 10 show him tlie luxuries of Quincy market, so nicely arranged in the stalls, in siicli perfect order, and of the very best quality. The stalls occupied by the poultry dealers are among those that most attract the attention. We see here not only every species of do. niestic poultry, buf a great variety of wild fowl, and oflentinies beautiful specimens of rare birds, brought in by the sportsman, and exhibited to gratify the sight, rather than for any use, unless it be to grace the collec- tion of the ornithologist. But the nice appearance of the poultry is what most engages the attention of the hungry epicure. What does he care ifaii extra price is charged for that fat turkey ■■ — there is nothing to offend the laste in its external a|ipearance ; it is well covered with fat, of a rich golden yellow ; the skin is all sound and clean ; the breast has nol been mutilated by a long cut, the shrinking skin exposing the drying meat, with hay chaff adhering ; nor does he see a long bloody neck protruding from its skin ; so he marks it for his own, thinking there will be nothing in it In offend the taste when it shall be brought upon his table. But what do we see here .' — a box of poultry ? Yes : they have just arrived, via railroad, from the interior : they look as if they had seen hard times ; probably kill ed lo save them from starvation ; chased down and beat lo death with poles, no doubt, by their looks, and then dressed in haste, packed in haste, and senl to market in haste ; and we would advise the owner to sell thein in hasle, and lake the first ofler ho can get, and clear out in haste — and not make his appearance again in market until he has learned lo fatten and dress his poultry in a belter manner. A decent person would be ashamed to send home fuch pitiable looking objects, ls these torn, bruised, and disfigured remains of the poultry yard ;— their very ap- pearance would be remembered, even when imbedded in the savory chicken pic. Much of the poultry exposed for sale on the outside of the market, has been through the process of sralding to facilitate the picking;— tliis practice should never be resorted lo. It turns the rich yellow of ihe fat into a tallowy hue, and oftentimes starts the skin, so ihat it peals olf, unless very carefully handled. No aperture should be made in the breast; all the offal should be taken out behind, and the opening should be mad small as possible ; the inside may be wiped out w dry cloth, but no water should be used lo cleanse tb with a moist sponge, take off any stains of blood may be found upon the carcafC. In picking, great should be taken not lo tear the skin ; the wings sb not be cut off, but picked to the end ; ihe skin ol neck should be neatly lied over it, if the head is cii We like to see ihe head of chickens left on — it mal better finish. The heads of ducks, Bremen and geese, should nol be cut off. Wild fowl general!' exposed for sale with their feathers on. After the poultry is dressed and cool, it shonl carefully packed in boxes, so that it may reach the ket without injury, and above all, keep it from free if possible. Do not expose too much for sale at a I nor suffer your load to be hauled over every few utes : — we have often times seen a load most unni fully handled. Do not be ashamed to expose the old rooster wit spurs on : if he is well fatted, he will make a good the spurs are the insignia of his office : let him Slate with all his honors. Neither call the old I chicken ; she has done much service — brought tij speclabiy many families, and furnished her owner numerous eggs: — it is doing her injustice to pass h for a chicken now. Finally, we earnestly recommend to our coi fiends ihe importance of having every article desi for Boston market, prepared in the best possible mar much is lost in other articles as well as in poultr carelessness. Appearance is every thing with people : even the box in which an aiticle is packed some influence upon the purchaser. [Cf'The Massachusetts Horiiculiural Society purchased the Latin School House in School stree the sum of $18,000, possession lo be given as so the school house now being erected in Bedford sin completed, and [ready for the accommodation o' scholars, which Vi/ill probably be early in the sp The Horticultural Society will then proceed to i such alterations and improvements in the buildi shall be found necessary for the convenience and ac modation of the Society, which, we are happy lo i is in a very prosperous condition, and greatly n larger hall for their weekly and annual display of and Howcrs. The location is central, and we ( whether a siiualion could be found better suited t purposes of the Society. SALT FOR BUTTER. A beautiful sample of salt recommended for bi may be seen at the N. E. Farnitr office, 52 North ket street. We refer to the advertisement of " Sa the Dairy." Cure for Burns. — To half a pint of milk, add as many satl'ron flowers as can be laid in a table-B)i either green or dried ; let ihem simmer together three minutes ; then sprinkle in sufficient wheat fl( make it the consistence of thick paste ; after spre it on a cloth, apply a small quantity of sweet oil oi The poultice should be renewed every three houri in the course of twentyfour hours, the fire v^'ill b tirely extracted, and the wound will heal without ino" any scar. — Selected. Teach your children to believe that their future lihood must depend upon their own exertions, and accustom them to some kind of labor. iPkx;ii, NO. ar. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 2IS NOTICE. *CHUSETTS HOHTICtTLTUllAL SOCIETY. Cornmillee on Flowers are respectfully roquesled to the room of the Massachusetts Horucutturul Si)- t 11 o'chick, on SATURD.VY next, Cih January, to premiums for the season. I'er order, S.WALKER, , 19-14. Chairman. THERMOAIETRICA1-. ftMported (or Itie New bliitjland Kariner. iot the rheiuionieterat thefJarileiiof the propriclors lew En^jianil Farmer, liriglilon, Mass in » shaded ■ly f xoosure. for the week entling Dec. 31. 1843. ' i 7, A.m. , 12, M. 5,P.M. Wind. f, 25 34 42 33 N. E. y, 26 32 34 34 N. E. sday, 27 32 30 33 N. E. ay, 23 31) 40 34 N. E. 29 30 36 32 N. W. ly, 30 19 26 23 N. W. SI 24 32 29 N. W. iHTOM MARKET.— MoNDAi, Jan. 1, 1H44. Reported forth« N. E. Farmer. 1arket825beef cattle, 1700 Sheep and CO Swine. n I.'jO to aOO Iteef Cattle unsold. Es.— Beef Cattle. — Former prices were not sns- atid «e reduce our quolations. We quote a few ;4y.j a 4 50, first quality .$3 75 a f4 00, second $•3 00 a $3 75, l.'iird quality $3 00 a $3 50. Id.— Small lots from $1 00 to $1 75. Wethers |,I 50 to $2 50. ii«.— No lots sold. At retail from 3 1-2 to 5 els. EMENT OF BRIGHTON MARKET FOR 1843. 5 Beef Cattle, 5 Stores, 0 Sheep, 0 Swine, 0 Beef Cattle, 6 Stores, 5 Sheep, 15 Swine, i7 Beef Cattle, 14 Stores, lO Sheep, "i Swine, 10 Beef Cattle, tfi Stores, ^2 Sheep, )0 Swine, i3 Beef Cattle, )2 Stores, )0 Sheep, J8 Swine, Sales estimated at $1,685,832 148,470 " " " 11.3,643 " " " 178,ti'J9 1842. $2,126,044 ^Sales estimated at $1,741,740 1841. y Sales estimated at $2,400,88 1 1840. I Sales estimated at $1 ,990,577 1839. I Sales esti mated at $ 1 ,90 1 ,864 WIIOLKSALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected ivith g^eat care, weekly. IMS. Herds Grass, $0 00 to 2 62 perhushel Red Top 50 cents, ('lover — Northern, 00 to 12c. — Southern, 9 Klax Seed, Si 50 per hushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. y Seed, 82 75 per bushel. ■ VIN. There have been no arrivals of strictly prime this week ; good mealing is scarce and wanted. Near- the new yellow corn received has been damp and un- r mealing, and sales have been made according to y- n — Northern, new, bushel 60 to on— Soulhern, round I, old, 00 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 47 a 49— 1. white 47 a 48 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Barley n -Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 63 a C5 — Southern, 29 a 3iJ— Northern do. 33 to 34 — Boans, per 1 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 35 -Bran, 0. DUR. A very languid demand has been experienced i most par' ' the week, particularly for Genesee, the sales of which have been altogether restricted to the wants of the trade. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $4 37 a 6 00 — do wharf, SO 00 a 4 7,")— do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 5 no— Phila- delphia do. 4 mos. *t 75 a 0 00 — Fredericksburg, low \\\ 4 tnos. 34 73 a 4 H7--Alexandria, wharf rnnunlain, n 00 a 0 on. — Genrqetuwn, »4 87 a 6 50 — Richmond Canal, SO 00 a 4 87 —do. City, So (Kl a ii Oi) — Pctershurgh, South side So on ao 00 —do. Country $5 00a5 12— Genesee, common, cash, *4 87 a 4 94 — do fancy brands S5 12 a S 23 — Ohio via Canal, S4 >;7 a 6 00— do do New Orleans, cash 84 75 a 4 67. Rye, 83 62 a 3 09 — India'i Meal in bbls. «2 75 a 2 87. PROVISIO.VS. The sales have been for Beef, at a slight advance ; Pork, if anything, a shade lower. Beef— Mess 4 iio. new bbl.S7 00a7 75 — Navy— S6 no a 6 50.— No. 1, 6 00 a C 50— do Prime S5 00 a 5 37— Pork- Extra clear 4 mo. bbl. S13 00 a 13 50— do Clear S12 00a 12 50 do. Mess, 10 50 a 00 00— do Prune So 00 a 9 25— do Mess from other Stales,— a do Prime do do HO 00 a 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00 — Butter, shipping, 8 a 11 — do store, unkispecletl, 6 a 10 — do dairy, 11 cts. a 13— La'd, No. 1, Brston ins. 6^ a 7 —do South and Western, 54 a (A — Hams, Boston, 0 a 0 — Soulhern and Western, 5^ a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 4i — do new milk, 4i a 5i. WOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- p iriation shall iint exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent- a 1 val. All whereof the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts- per pound. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, !b. 37 a 41 c. — Amer- ican full blood, do 33 a 35— Do 3-4 do 32 a 00— Do. l-2do 29 a 30--1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23 — Do. unwashed, 9 a 13 — ISengasi do 6 a 13 — Saxony, clean. 00 — Buenos Ay res unpicked, 7 a 10-^ do. do picl;?d, 12 a 16— Superfine Nortiieiu pui;,.J '..xinh 28 a 32— No. 1 do. ilo. do. 25 a 27— No. 2 do do do 19 a 22— No. 3 do dodo 12 a 15. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. Nothing doing this week. The crop in the Eastern Stales is from 10 to 1500 bales short of last year. The New York crop is good in quantity and quality. The export last year was from 4 to 5000 bales, mostly to the North of Europe, against about 600 bales this year. The crop this year in Germany is said to be abundant. 1st sort Mass- 1843, lb. 6S a 7 ; 2d do 44 a 5. 1S42, 0. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed SIO to 11. EGGS, 25 a 23. POULTRY. Turkies per lb. from 8 to lOcts.— Geese common 7 to 9 — Bremen lo to 12 — Cliickens 6 to 10 — Ducks 8 to 10. GAItDK.-V those who wish to increase their breed. This dis- position to fatten is so felt in England, that, at their Smithfield cattle show last year, it was proud- ly said, " Foreigners may boast of their sunny climes — of the spontaneous produce of their soil — of their grapes, and their wine, and their olive- yards, — but no land but England can boast of their fat cattle show." The object of the Trustees of the Mssaachusetts Agricultural Society, is to encourage whatever is connected with the great staples of the country — not to write down one race of cattle, and set up another. Whatever means [of improving our stock] are at hand, let them be made use of; — but if oth- ers, and superior, can be had, from abroad — brought home, and used to greater advantage, let us not be too steadfast in our old habits and practices, lest we should perceive, too lata, that we have stood still whilst others have advanced. I am yours, JOHN WELLES. Boston, March 22, 1833. Shipping Horses. — A brisk trade in horses and cattle shipped to the West Indies, is carried on in that quiet and beautiful city. New Haven, and they seem to have the monopoly of the business. The Courier says : " Most of them are sent out in large vessels, called by the craft, ' horse jockies.' The deck of the vessel is converted into a stable, by placing a sort of roof, eight feet high, over the whole of it, and the horses are lied in parrallel rows with their heads towards each other. The water for their use is earned in the ' hold' of the vessel, and the hay, pressed in bundles, is laid upon the temporary roof When tliey are shipped, they are parked as closely as possible, like herrings in a box, so that during the whole voyage they are compelled to stand up. At first, this is tedious to the poor brutes, and until they get their 'sea legs' on, thoy suffer a great deal. Most of the mules are brought here in largo droves from Canada, but oftentimes they arc driven from the West, even as far as from Ohio and Kentucky. In fact, these animals are sent here from nearly every State in the Union." Speaking of farming in Belgium, a correspondent of the N. Y. Tribune says : " It is one vast garden : every inch of ground is compelled to produce its utmost. Tho superficial farmers of America, who imperfectly turn up the soil of a thousand acres, might take a profitable lesson from the care and skill which here enables every acre to support more than Its man." 218 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, JAN. 10, IS4 FACTS IN THE HtSTf)RY OF ENGLISH AGRICULTURE. In the reign of Edward I., so low was the slate of agricultural industry in England, that a writer of that tiiiie entered into a grave calculation, " that if land yielded only three umcs the seed sown, the farmer would he the loser, unless corn should sell dear." The usual quantity of seed was two hushels to an acre. There is an account of n farm in Nor- folk which in the year 1390 produced only six bushels of wheat, twelve bushels of barley and five bushels of oats per acre. Gardens were not intro- duced into England, till the early part of the fif- teenth century. They first made their appeer- ance on the eastern part of the kingdom, from the neighboring country of Flanders, but for a long time were not sufficient to siipply the wants of the feiv persons whe possessed them. The common cabbage was introduced from Netherlands in the year J5.39. Its cultivation at first made but little progress. In J561 an old j English writer said : The cabbage is good to make | pottage withal, and is a profitable herbe in a com- monwealth, which the Flenmiings sell deere, but we have it growing in our owne gardens, if we ehould prefer our owne commodity; for there be great plenty growing between Aldbrought and Hof- ford in Sufl^olke, on the seashore." An agricultural writer in the time of Oliver Cromwell, says that the old men in his days, re- membered the first gardeners that established themselves in Surry, in England, and sold carrots, parsnips and early peas, of their own production, which before that time were deemed great rarities and were almost exclusively imported from Hol- land. Cherries and hops, were not cultivated in Eng- land, till the reign of Henry VIII. Artichokes and currants made their appearance later, in the lime of Queen Elizabeth. Even at that tune onions were imported from Spain none being produced in the British islands. Potatoes were first known in England about the the year l.iSC. For nearly a century, they were cultivated only in gardens as a curious exotic fur- nishing an expensive luxury, for the tables of none but the richest people in the kingdom. The plant, which has now become the principal means of sav- ing the lowest and poorest classes in Great Bri- tain from starvation, by snpply0 barrels of saturated water, which is then to be used as above explained. What we claim as our iniprovemeiit on Jaufl^ret's method of forming manure by the rapid ferincnta- lion of vegetable librca, is, first, the forming of the said vegetable matter into piles or heaps, with- out its being first immersed in the prepared lye, and the subsequently saturating the same by the pouring on the lye in the manner set forth. If'ihusaes, ] Charles Bafr, Th. M. Abbett, \ Jons Oouii.art. J. R. Abbett, j (Patented June 24, 1643.) (U^There, the secret at last is out, and we are privileged with knowing the mysteries of the " Patent" Bommer process of making manure, which the ingenious inventor (!) and his agents have been lauding so highly through the papers for the last year or two; and we are, in candor, compelled to say, that, though the process has some value, it is not worth the purchase money demanded for the privilege of using it ; and we fully coincide with the opinion expn'ssed by tlie late editor of the Far- mer, Mr Putnam, that the process will not give a rich manure. P. S. — "Tills IS a great country" for genius and " patents." Effects of Deepening the Soil The Liverpool Times gives the following fact, illustrating the beneficial effects of loosening the soil lo a conside- rable depth : " On Saturday last, there were exhibited in the Exchange News Room, two enormous specimens of the red beet, or mangel wurtzel, grown by Mr Robert Neilson, in a field on his farm at Halewood. Each of them weighed upwards of 20 pounds. They were not merely curiosities in themselves, but remarkable proofs of the effects which may be produced on vegetation by the deepening of the soil, for the ground which produced these gigantic roots, would certainly have produced duuble the quantity of potatoes, or of turnips, or of ordinary sized beets, usually grown on an equal extent of land. They show that by deepening the soil, an amount of produce may be got from it much great- er than any one has yet thought it possible to raise." Hatching Jlpparalus. — They have a machine for hatching eggs, now actually in use , in London, bringing out the little chickens in broods of fifties and hundreds, with all the punctuality of an old hen. The following is the advertisement in the London papers : "Messrs. Todd & Son, of Bury street. Blooms- bury, beg to call the attention of the public to their portable patent Hatching and Rearing Jipparalus, being the original manufacturers. This success- ful invention is capable of hatching, at a trifling expense, any number of game and poultry eggs of all sorts, from 50 to 200, at one time, and possesses the further recommendution of furnishing poultry for the table at a trifling cost, at all periods of the year. A machine may be seen in use daily." Never entrust the care of your cattle and horses to a person of ugly temper. •222 NEW ENGLAND FARMER J AS. 10, 1S4 AND HORTlCULTfRAL RKGISI'ER. Sdlted Ity Joaeph Brcck. Boston, Wednesday, Jas. 10, 1844. DUSINP.SS FOR JANUARY.— No. I. Tliroughout New Englutid, ilie temperature of tlie climate is such during tlie winter, as In prevent the cul- tivator fiom perforjning many labors on his farm, which may be attended to in sections of the country where the winter is less rigorous. In the Southern Slates, much work can be done during the wir.tor month.«, wliicli with us must be deferred until our land is freed from its snow and ice- When ,'pririg opens with us, the farmer finds much to do in a short time, and unless he has well arranged his business, and made every proparatjon needful to com- mence vigorous operations, he finds himself behind- hand, and although he may rise early and bite, and toil hard, he will have the mollification of seeing his more calculating neighbors in advance of him ; he will al- ways fiel in a hurry, and perhaps many things in his haste, may be neglected in their proper season, or only half done. Now is the proper time for the farmer to look about him, and see what can be done to facilitate the ojiera- lions on his firtn when the spring opens ; — now is the time to lay his plans for the year before him. But be- fore we speak of the numerous things tliat should claim the attention of the farmerduring the comparatively leis- ure montlis of the winter, we would make a few sugges- tions in relation to schooling the children, settling ac- counts, and forming some system for the improvement of the mind. And first, Send the ChilJTin to School. The school houses of Ne^v England, which the trav- eller finds scattered thickly over the country, are objects of striking interest to the stranger ; they are one of the characteristic features of the land ; and of them, and the ample pmvision made to instruct the inmates, we may be justly proud ; — but however ample the accommoda- tion and the means may be for the instruction of youth, unless the children are sent, regularly sent in season every day, ihcy cannot be expected to neeive that ben- efit which the liberal 'provisions for learning were de- signed to give. Our country schools generally com- mence tor the winter season about Thanksgiving time, or the first of December. The farmer should so order his busines'R that the boys may be released from labor, so as to be permitted to attend at the opening of the school. Their clothing shnuld be warm and neat, and they shnuld be providi'd with suitable books, slates, pa- per, &.C., and nothing should be omiticd which may liave a tendenry to stimulate and encourage them in their studies. They should not be kept from school a single dav, except in a case of extreme necessity; and the father should be willing to make any sacrifice him- Belf, rather than hinder them from attending constantly and punctually. He should take hold himself at the barn, so that his sons may gel off' early to school, that they may have equal advantages wiih their associates. We have known instances where the boys had to drudge morning, noon and night, and attend to their studies in the best way they could, while the lather was " taking it fiir and easy" at the kitchen fire, or at visit- ing places which were far, very far, from affiirding the means of increasing his stock of useful knowledge. We trust it is not so now ; but when wo look back, wo re- member how it was with some school-mates in our youthful days, who were thus situated, and we have pitied them from that time to the present: they could not become interested in their lessons — it was out of the quG8:i(m ; unj up to the pre»ient time, have reinainud couiparativi'ly ignorant. We know that parents are generally more enlightened upon the subject of edur-a- tion now; but still there may bo those who think more of the assistance which their sons may render them, than of the importance of giving them a good education. See to it that all is going on well with the children at school, and then you should prepaie to | Seltle your Jlceounts. | The thriving farmer will endeavor so to order his business through the year, so economize in his expen- ses, ihat but little will remain, to be adjusted when the | 1st of January arrives. He will not suffer a large bill to run up at the store, but make it a point to pay as he goes, if possible — frequently to do without an article un- ] less he can pay fur it on the spot, and only in cases of I extreme necessity, suffer himself to be booked at the I store. His mnchanics' bills should be squared every quarter; and as they frequently want what he may have to spare, he should endeavor tn supply their necessities from his surplus, and if possible have the balance of trade in his own favor. Taxes of every description should be promptly paid by the 1st of the month, that he may do his par; in causing the machinery of the town or parish to move with ease and freedom. It is suppO^ ed as a matter of course, that he keeps a regular ac- count with his neighbors : these should all be in readi- ness to adjust by the first of the month, and if they will not call upon him, he should visit them with his books and papers. If possible, all balances should be paid in cash : at any rate, for want of it, the account should ho settled by note or due bill. A small amount paid by one individual, may, by being paid from him to another and so on, answer to settle many accounts. If all were in the habit of thus settling their accounts the first week in the month, it would be found to be a very important itetn in promoting the goud feeling and happiness of a neighborhood and town. It should be the study of the farmer the whole year, to prepare him- self to bring all his business operations to a point at this time, and having done this, he will be in a situation to enter upon the duties of the new year with a lightness of heart and buoyancy of spirit, which it is impossible for a man embarrassed to feel. Having arranged these ihii'gs, he should next see what can be done to j Imprort the Mind. The climate, apparently so uncongenial for agricultu- ral labors, is after all, perhaps, not quite so hostile to the farrier's interest as a stranger would suppose. Of what use would it be, even though he could toil on his land the year in and year out, — what if he could add a little more to his plentiful harvest, — would this compensate for the opportunities which the leisure of our long and severe winters gives to improve and cultivate the mind .' No, we think not ;. and we should rejoice that our lot is cast in New England rather than in the sunny South ; and let the opporlunitiet; he improved which God has •.'iven us, to cultivate the mind as well as tlie soil. That this may be done in the most judicious man- ner, some system should be adopted. If every thing is read that may by chance come to hand, no benefit, but rather an injury, most likely, will be the Jesuit. Our presses are filling the country with cheap trash, of a most pernicious character, which is doing an incalcula- ble injury. It finils its way into almost every family, and wo are all templed to read the foolish stuff, to the great hindrance of any progress in that which is bene- ficial. We must all set our faces against it, and seek for that which will give as knowledge relative to business in which we are engaged, in the first pi and for those works which will ii struct and elevati well as amuse. We must le ive every one to make t own selection of books, bin let there bo some p That the f^irmer may know what is going on in world, he should lake some good f.iniily newspa discarding such as partake of a violent party spirit. ; above all, he should be acquainted with the progrei agricultural science in other sections r,f his own foreign countries, and that he may keep pace with spirit of the age, in this respect, he should subscribii one or more agricultural papers. The farmer slul give his encouragement to lyceums and other mear instrucling and improving his neighbors as well as members of his own family. While he will find enc to occupy his hands during the day, the Ion" wi evenings can be devoted to reading, and even in the i busy season of the year, there are interv:ils of which should not be lost, and books and papers sh alvv.iys be at hand. Among other preparations which should be madi the business of the year, if not already done, shi be to procure a book for a journal or diary, in w should be recorded every day's operations — the sta the weather, the appearance of birds, insects, ani fact every thing that occurs of interest on the farm. irWe acknowledge the receipt of a box of a( from Mr Jacob White, of Hope, Me., including foi five varieties, all seedlings. Unfortunately, some o) varieties were somewhat shriveled and in a deca state. The " Crane" apple, which we suppose from an orchard of a neighbor of that name, is a handsome one. We should be very glad to have seedling apples other fruit of supposed excellence, sent to us from e' section of the country, as we have facilities for coir ing one variety with another, which are not enjoye many other sections. New varieties may thus be bro into noloriety, and supposed good ones may be uisca for those which are better. CiiEniT. — We are not very tenacious about ha credit given to our articles when copied into other pa) If any iliing we can communicate will interest oi struct, we are willing to have it go the whole lei and breadth of the land, for the benefit of all, caring little who shall h.ive the credit. But as we percci' to be very fashionable among editors to " flare up such occasions, we would just Bay to our friend of American Farmer, that he forgot to give credit tr article on Poudrette. Thk Ai.banv Cultivator. — The January numb this valuable agricultural periodical, (wh:ch comme a new volume,) appears in a new form — a large oc of 32 pages — which makes it more conveniint for | ervation. It is beautifully printed, and contains ser fine illustrative engravings. The editors announce Mr Sanford Howard, of Ohio, will be associaled them in the future general management of the " C vator" and " Museum." A correspondent of the Albany Cultivator says makes "nest eggs" as follows: '•Make a hole in large end about one-fourth of an inch in diameter, one in the small end of the size of a pin's head ; thrr this blow out the contents. Tlien take calcined Slim and Spanish white, about equal pans; mix t with water to the consistency of stitf paste, and nl shells quite full with it, and place them in a warm f to dry. When dry, the substance will be quite hai \XII, NO. US. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 223 NOTICE, ACHUSETTS HOBTICULTUBAL SOCIETY Will he an atfjourned meeting held at 11 o'clocK", on IDAV, ihe I3lh inst. EBENEZb:R WIGHT, 10. liecording Secretary THEllMOiMETRlCAL. Reported (or llie New Etigtnnd Farmer. ! of llie riiei mo meter Jit t lie (lardeiiuf ihe proprietors I'ew Kn»lariil Fanner, Bri^liton, M»ci6. in » 6hauty. The value whereof at the place of ei- ion shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 per cent, aj All wliereot'lhe value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per . val. and 3 cts. per pound. There is a good demand for all descriptions, and recent prices are fully supported. Prune or Saxony Kieeces. washed, lb. 37 a 4 1 c— Amer- ican full blood III 33 a 35— Do 3-4 do 32 a 00 — Do. I -2 do 29 a 30 -1-4 and common do 25 a 27 — Smyniii Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 9 a 13— Kengasi do 6 uI3 — Saxony, (lean, 00 — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — uo. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superliue Northern pulled lamb 2S a 32— No. 1 do. do. do. 25 u 27— No. a do do do 19 a 82— No. 3 do do do 12 a 15. HOPS. Duly 20 per cent. There is nothing doing that requires notice ; prices remain noinilially the same. Ibl .sort Mass 1843, lb. 6i a 7 ; 2d do 4J a 5. 1642, 0. WAV, 14 to 16 per toil— Eastern Screwed 810 to II. EGGS, 25 a 28. POULTRV. Turkies per lb. from 8 to lOcts— Geese common 7 to 9- Bremen lu to 12— Cbickeus6 to 10 — Ducks 8 10 10. FRRSH GAKDKN SEISDS. The subscribers are now receiving large supplies of Gar- den seeds from Europe, from 1 heir own Garden, and other sources. The following are included in the great number of varieiics in their eMablishmenl, and which they offer at low prices, wholesale and relail. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, " ("harllon, " Frame, " Warwick, Lima, Saba, Horticultural Pole, Red Cranberry do. White do. Kidney Pole, PEAS. Improved Blue Imperial, Woodfor^I Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, Knights' Dwarf, Dwarf Marrowfats. Tall do. BEANS. Dwarf China, Mohawk, Marrow, Kidney, Case knife. Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGE. Long Late Drumhead, Early York, Late Sugar-loaf, i' Battersea, Green Globe Savoy, " Vanack, Red Dutch, " Hope Low Dutch Cabbage, Early Sugar-loaf, With a great variety of other sorts. Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broccolis in varieties. Cu- cumbers, Melons, Squash, sweet Maorjrum, Sage. Summer- Savory, Thyme, Ruia Baga, Turnips, more than twenty fine sons. Threehundred varieties of Flower Seeds, and every variety of Garden and Field seed, too numerous to mention. JOSEPH BRECK& CO. Boston, Dec. 12, 1813. GRINDSTONES ON KRICTION ROL.1.BRS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved with a foot Ireader, is found to be a great improve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be allach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BREGK & Co., No. 51 North Market'street. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autunin is a suilnble time to transplant many Trees and __^__^^^_ Planis, and often times more convenient than in spring We have as great a variety of Applet. Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Ciuinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer them at ihe lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. II, 1843 PUMPKIN SKED ■\VANTKD. The subscribers will pay a fair price for a few busheU of the " old fashioned yellow Pumpkin Seed," suiiable for planting. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Not. 23. MUCK MANUAL.. The Farmer's Muck Manual, by Dr. S. L. D,vna— price 62 1-2 cents, for sale by JOS. BRECK & CO. Dec. U. GARDEN &, liXOWBR SEEUS PROM LoNIJON. We have received, by i!ie Barque lluniress, from London, acbuue assorlnienl of GARUICN ANU FLOWER >KEDS. VVe have also received the invoices of three oiher siiipuieiiis of Seeds and Trees, winch arc cxpccied to arrive in the course of 30 days, which will give ns the largest and most choice collection of SEEDS AND TRKES ever offered by us. Our customers and friends arc requestetl to bend iu their orilert. JOSEPH hSECK & CO. Boston, Dec. a7lh,' 1843. SUPERIOR SALT FOR THE DAIRY. For sale at the Grist Mill in Beach Si., supfrior fine Salt, ground from the very best ol" Bonaire and St Martin's Salt, and IS decidedly the best and cheapest article for the Dairy and family use, being of nearly double slrengih and much purer than the Liverpool salt. For sale by A. SHIVERICK and HOWES &CROWELL, Boston, Dec. 27. 3mo 36 Commercial wharf. POUDRETTB. Improvements of such a nature have been made in the manulaciure of Poudrette, by the Lodi IManufacluring Co., near the city of New York, as to warrant the opinion, that it is the cheapest and best manure now known and lu use. By experiments which have been made it has lieen jiroved that its friiclifying powers have been greatly increased ; its operaiinn upon vegetable mailer quickened. Ii will obviate the elTects of severe drought ami will relain its ferlilizing qualities mucli longer than any Poudrelle heretofore made. It will ripen corn in G6 days, fil for use. 7he pria* tpill be rt'duccrf the following season, as follows. At Ifie factory it will be sold in bulk, at the rate of 25 cents per bushel It will be delivered at any wharf or place in ibe city ot New York, free of cartage and other expense, at the rale of S2 lor 1 bbl. which coniaiiis 4 bushels; S3 60 lor 2 barrels ; S5 lor 3 barrels, and SlO,50 lor 7 barrels, and at the rate of Si, 60 per barrel lor any larger quantity. Persons wishing the ar- licle, will please give notice in due season, as the orders will be fulUlled in the order of time received. The Co. was in- corporated in February, l,S4o, for 30 years, by ihe Legislature of New Jersey. No liability 10 slocLhulders beyond their subscription oi SIOO per share. A few shares of what is called the " Reserved Slock," remain to be subscribed for, which the company guoranlee shall pay a dividend of 50 bushels of Poudrelle a year on each share, as auihorized by Ihe charter. A pamphlet containing instructions for its use and all other necessary informalion, is in preparation and will be seni gratis soon after the first of January next, to any person applying for it, post paid. A gems have been, or will be appointed in most of tlie important places in the Eastern and Northern Stales, to whom iiersons may give orders. Where there is no agent, please direct "10 the President ol the Lodi Manufacturing Co., No. 43 I.iberly street. New Y'ork," and it shall receive immediate allenliou. The reader will please refer lo the letter of Mr Kentish, pub- lished in this paper to day, December 20, 1843. POUDRETTE I PoUDRETTK ! I The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale Poudretle in quantities to suit )iurcliasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or Iransporlaliou by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years past has satilfied many far- mers, thai this manure has the qnickesi operation upon veg- etable mailer, producing greater abundance, and is the cheap- est manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the fnclory in Brookline, will meet with prompt attention For'sale by J. BRECK & Co., 61 and 52 North Market Street, Boston Oct 26. GARDEN SEEDSI GARDEN SEEDSI ! The subscribers are now receiving their fall supply of Gar- den, Grass and Field Seeds of every description, and would respectfully recommend to their customers and the public to send in iheir orders as early as possible, to secure a supply from their choicest lots. Their stocn of Seeds for this season will be very full and complete, and most of the varieiics being raised under their own inspection, they can confidently recommend them as be- ing pure and oflhe'first qualiliis. Among tliem are Long Blood Beet, Rnla Baga, Early Turnip do. Long Orange Carrot, French Sugar do. Early Horn do. Mangel Wurlzcl do. White Field do. Also, Cucumber and Cabbage Seeds of every variety ; Peas and Beans, of every kind ; which, logelher wuh a large supply of every kind of seed desirable for the field orgarilen, comprise the most complete and extensive assortment of Sceils to be found m aiiy^imilar cslablisbmeni m the coun- try- N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 61 > and 52 North Market Street, Boslon. S Oct. 15, 1843. 224 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JAX. lU, IKt j MISCELLANEOUS Mrodud'ion of the JlniHan Horse into England. The Gnilolpliin ArHbiaii was one of the oriirinal horses iinported into England from Arabia, in the early part of the ISth century. In which England and America owe their present fine breeds of those noble animals. The following accnnnt of thf in- trodnctuin of tlie famous Arabian horse Godolphin into England, is translated from the Butltlin dfs Sciences : "Col. Cook, a man of wealth, education, and polished manners, but a highway robber, conunit- ted two acts af felony about the year 17aO;and thinking it impossible to elude the hand of justice if he remained in England, ho embarked for the Mediterranean, and travelled through Syria into Arabia Petrte, where he made inquiries concerning the best horses of the country. Having received information that a certain Sheik had the best horse in all Arabia, he went to him and otTered him any sum of money he pleased to demand for the horse. The Arab scornfully rejecting his offer, Cook skulked about in the vicinity, and in a favorable moment stole the horse, and travelled rapidly through the deserts until he arrived at Dainictta, near the mouth of the Nile, where he embarked on board a British ship with his horse. He arrived in England, and knowing his crimes were so great he must perish, unless the prime minister (Lord Godolpliin) interposed in his behalf, he went to him, under a fictitious name, and persuaded him to accept of this fine Arabian horse as a present. Soon after this he was discovered, arrested, and committed to prison for his former crimes. He wrote to Lord Godolphin, disclosing his real name, and requesting his intercession with the king, who was induced to order a writ of nolle prosequi to be issued and Col. Cook to be set at liberty." [A striking illustration of the advantage of having "a friend at court."] " Smart Bargains." — Mrs. Ellis, in that excel, lent work, •' 'I'ho Wives of England," makes the following judicious remarks, which cannot be too forcibly impressed with this world's good : ".^bove all things to be guarded against in making bargains, is that of taking advantage of the poor. It is a cruel system carried on by the world, and one against which Woman, with her boasted kindness of heart, ought especially to set her face — that of first ascertaining the circumstances or de- gree of necessity of the party we deal with, and then otrering a price accordingly. Yet how often do we hear the expression, " I get it done so well and so cheaply, for, poor creatures, they are in such distress, they are glad to do it for any price I" And a pitiful sight it is to see the plain xvork and fine work that is done on such terms. A pitiful thing it is to think of the number of hours which must have been spent, perhaps in the endurance of hunger and cold, before the scanty pittance was earned ; and to compare this with the golden sums so willingly expended at some fashionable millin- er's, where, because the lady of the house is not in want, the kind-hearted purchaser would be sorry to insult her feelings by offering less." ]ce. The New York Journal of Commerce states that 7000 tons of the ice housed last year in that vicinity, remain on hand; that three thousand tons were exported, and twelve thousand toiis con- sumed. Mutual Defects. — Dr. Lenigar, a titular arch- bi.'hop, a man of lively parls, happened, in a mixed com]iany, to be introduced to Mr Swan, a gentle- man of a cynical turn, whose practice it was to raise a lnui,'li at the expense of some of the corn- pany. Tliey sat near each other at the table, wiiere the Doctor engaged geneml attention by his sprightly cnnvers.ition. Mr Swan, to silence him, said : " Doctor, I forget your nnn:e." " Lenigar, sir," replied the Doctor. " I ask your pardon," returned Mr Swan, '' I have the misfortune scarcely ever to remember names : you 'II not be ofl'ended, therefore, if in the course of conversation I call you Dr. Vinegar." " Oh, not at all, sir," replied the Doctor ; " I have very much the same defect, and it is very probable, though I now call you Swan, I may, by and by, call you Goose." A handsome young widow applied to a physi- cian to relieve her of three distressing complaints with which she was afflicted. " In the first place," said she, "I havo little or no appetite. What shall I take for that, doctor."" " For that, madam, yon should take air and ex- ercise." " And doctor, I am quite fidgety at night, and afraid to lie alone. What shall I take fur that ?" " For that, madam, I can only recommend that you take — a — husba7id." "Fie! doctor. But I have the blues, terribly. What shall I take for that?" "For that, madam, you have, besides taking air, exercise and a husband, to take — the newspapers." — Silected. The ship Stephen Whitney, at N. York, brought over 1000 hampers of potatoes ! PATENT COIC\ SHBLLER. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving iinjilemenls that the praLlical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have ^leen invented. It can be used in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in ils construction, and tluraMe in its operation, and no way liable to get out of order; one man can work it 10 good advantage, though a man to turn, and a boy to feed it, w'lrks it much better than one alone. Tliey are so liglil and portlt^lle, a.s to be easily removed Irom place to place, and one machine will serve for several families or even the m- baliitants of a small town. For sale at the .-Vgricuitural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and 52 North Market Street. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1 . WILLIS'S LATEST I1IPROVED VEGETABLE CITTEK. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved Vegelal'le Cutler. This macnine surpasses ail others tor the purpose of Cutting Rata Baga, Mangel VVurizel, and other roots. The great objection to other machines, is their culling the roots inlo slices, which makes It almost impossible lor the caltle lo gel hold of them ; this machine with a liitle alteration, cuts them inlo large orsmall pieces, of Kuch shape as is most convenient for the cattle to cat. Il will cul wiih ease Irom oue to two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1 . DRAFT AKD TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 20U " Truck and leading Chains. 2U0 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North ilarkei si. HARRIS' TRE.ITISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK CO., Harris' Treatises on Insects. Price S2. Also, Ihe second edition of Dana' Muck Manual, price Mi els. Feb. 15. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH Great improvements have I een made the past year i form ami woikmanship ol these Ploughs ; the mould , has been so formed a.s to lay tlie Jurrow com/jlc'ehi turning in erery partiile of grass or slubble, andiearin ground in Ihe best possible manner. The length o mould board has be n very much increased, so tha Plough works with Ihe greatest ease, bolh with respt t'l'" holding and the team. The Committee at Ihe lau of Ploughs at Woreester, soy, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Pk we should p.'cfer for use on a farm, we might perhaps s the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easv lo try Prouty & Mears, fiul if your landis heavy, hard on DEGIN WITH Mr. HoWAIiD's.' At the above rae-.tKuied trial the Howard Pl'^ugl 7nore work, 7tith the savie pmccr of team, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iweniy and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, whi Hoioard Plough turned twcntynine and one'ha/finc! the same poicer of team .' All acknowledge that Hov Ploughs are much the strongest and most substan made. There has been quite an improvement made on the or land side of ihis Plough, which can be renewed wi having lo furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise se the mould board and landside together, and strengthei Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to Sl5. A PI sufficient for breaking up with four c.iUlc. will cost 810 50, and with cutter Jl, with wheel and culler, extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and rel the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed 1 Nos. 51 &.52 North Markel Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & C ; GK BEN'S PATENT S TRA \V CITTER. JOSEPH BRECK .fc CO. at the New Ensland Ag turai Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 anri,=;2Norih ket Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, Ha; Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not I applied lo any implement for this purpose. The most | inent effecis of this application, and some of the conse peculiarities of the machine are : 1 . So great a reduction of the quantum of power req^ lo use it, ihat the strength of a half grown boy is sutti to work it efticiently. 2. With even this mnderatepower, it easijycutstwo els a minute, which is full twice as fast as btis been eh by any other machine even when worked by horse or .• power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whiclj cut, require sharpening less often than those of any ,' straw cutler. 4. The machine is simple inits construction, marie ar' together very strongly. Il is therefore not so liable ; complicated machines in general use to get out of on LACTOMETERS— a sim|.le instrument forte the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & C AEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPF.K. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frai subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, wi exjiense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DKIVNETT, PRINTXRSj 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AsBicntTonAL Warehoos..) CXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 17, 1844. [NO. a9. N. E. FARMER. DEATH OP DR. VAN MONS. ; make the following extracts from an arti- ilished in iho Boston Transcript, of Jan. Hlli, i to llie decease of tliis celebrated individii- 1 sketches of his history as connected with ticulliiral labors. We believe an account e of tlic difficulties he had to encounter in iig his favorite occupation, have before been fore our readers, in an article written by )earborn, a number of years since ; but as it wable to repeat an intportant idea in on ad- ir discourse, so we may be excusable in ling a second time an example of such un- in perseverance as is exhibited in the life of nenled Van Mons, as an encouragement to who may have their favorite schemes frus- by unforseen circumstances.] m a letter received on Saturday by the Mas- etts Horticultural Society, we are inforfiied death of a truly great and wonderful man — Baptiste Van Mo.ns — a learned physician, inguished chemist, a superior linguist, and perimentnl and scientific agriculturist — to Europe and .America are indebted for many iieories concerning the propagation and im- inent of fruit trees, and various facts connect- !:h the beautiful science of horticulture. To |ie world is indebted for some of the best I; and it was from him that Mr Manning, of obtained his great collection of the same pus fruit. The letter announcing the de- of this benevolent and gifted individual, is ;iis son, a Colonel of artillery in the Belgian and was accompanied wjili several pamphlets, r a history of the principal events in his life, aturday, the Massachusetts Horticultural So- passed a vote cf thanks to Col. Van Mons, oted that it, with a sincere expression of con- ce, should be immediately transmitted to the ed family of the deceased. )m one of these French pamphlets we trans- he following interesting facts: in Biiptisle Van Mo7is was born at Brussels, B 11th of November, 17G5, an epoch when ;rand intellectual movement began to mani- ;self in Belgium, out of which grew the Lite- ?nciely and the Royal Academy of Brussels. Mons, however, was entirely self-educated, ad learned in college the little Latin that was taught, and he instructed himself whilst per- ng the simple duties of an apothecary. His irous writings gave evidence of the varied ledge he began to acquire, and it was soon by his voluminous correspondence with the distinguished men of his time, that he under- i nearly all the living languages of Europe, om his youth he had devoted himself with to the cultivation of flowers and fruit, pos- ng an observing mind which led him to make / important discoveries. In 171)5, BertholUl ied him in the name of the Society for the lotion of Agriculture and Arts, for several valuable communications, and afterwards, the Ag- [ which they obliged him to give up his first nurse- ricultnral Society of the Province of the Seine, ; ry, he undertook, with M. Bory, the compilation of publicly awarded to him a gold medal, for multi- I the He received simi- "" plying varieties of fruit trees. lar tokens from many other countries, and his works were translated into their languages. After the troublous events of 1815, when King William re- established the Royal Academy of Science and Belle Lettres, which the French invasion had de- stroyed. Van Mons was honored with the first ap- pointment, and in 1817, he was appointed to fill the chair of Chemistry and Agriculture in the Uni- versity of Lauvain. Under other circumstancei, he would doubtless have declined this appointment ; for, it was asked, " how could he leave his nursery, the result of so much labor and experience ?" Two successive and sad events induced his departure from Brussels — the death of his youngest son, and the loss of his cherished wife. This double mis- furtune plunged him into grief: he isolated him- self from society, and became negligent in his ap- pearance. His friends believed that the new ap- pointment to which he was called, might divert his thoughts ; they conceived how he came to quit his nursery, the object of his constant care. He had more than 80,000 trees, the greater part being seedling pears. The neighborhood of Lauvain and his extraordinary activity enabled him to unite his new duties with his favorite cares, but in 1819, it was thought necessary by the authorities to cut up hii nursery grounds into streets and building lots. M. Van Mons was summoned to clear it in the brief space of two months, under penally of seeing all his trees cut down and destroyed by fire. Such a command would liave been death to many in the situation of M. Van Mons: he was sensibly affected, but not cast down. Professor in the Uni- versity of Lauvain, he resolved to transport his nursery into that town, so that he might see it without quitting the Univer.'ity. But the time as- signed to clear the place, was unfortunately in the winter, (Ist of November to the 24th of December.; M. Van Mons had only Saturday and Sunday of each week at his own disposal. To cut his graft- ings, mark the choicest trees, and give his orders for the rest, was all that he could do himself. He could only save the twentieth part of whut he pos- sessed, and that twentieth part consisted in slips to o-raft. The remainder were sold or given away. After such a catastrophe it might be supposed that he would never expose himself to one of a similar nature; but he had unfortunately selected land belonging to the town, and the authority which should have protected his grounds as if they had been the g.irdcns of Hesperides, were the first to abandon them to pillage. In 1831, they were destroyed by the army during the siege of Anvers! His philo!(ophy here did not forsake him ; he hired two pieces of land and recommenced his labor, but here again the rage for public utility pursued him, and the engineers decided in 1834 that the nursery of M. Van Mons was the only proper spot upon which to establish a gas manufactory ! Notwith- standing these checks, he persevered towards the end ho desired to attain, and in the same year in Central Jnnats of Ihi J^alural Sciences." The year 1825, found him confined to his bed with a severe wound in the leg, and he profited by this obligatory repose to publish a catalogue of fruits, in which wo (ind mention ol more than 2000 varie- ties. The revolution of 1830, suppressed the Uni- versity at Lauvain, Biid gave place to a Catholic College. M. Van Mons was chosen professor at Gaud, but his advanced age prevented him from accepting this post. The government feeling that this veteran of science had a lawful demand upon their favor, granted him a pension with the ordina- ry distinctions due to his .■services, and soon after the King conferred upon him the decoration of liia Order. In 1837, he lost his second son, and his grief for this event, nearly overwhelmed him. One month before his death, he wished to go back to Brussels to see his two remaining sons, and the tombs of those for whom he had not ceased to weep ; but soon the force of habit prevailed, and he returned suddenly to Lauvain, where he shut himself up in the midst of his papers, and where death surprised him on the Glh of September, 1642. M. Poiteau, in preparing a work of the greatest interest, in which he developed the principal views of M. Van Mons regarding the means employed for the improvement of fruit, observes: "I call it the Theory Van Mons, and I present it as one of the most learned and most useful discoveries that genius and reason have made towards the end of the 18th century." Food of the German Peasantry — Veit, in his work on Husbandry, gives the following as the kind of food, and the quantity, on which the farm laborers in Germany usually subsist, and his ac- count is fully corroborated by Howitt's Domestic Life in Germany : For breakfast, from one-half to two-thirds of a quart of skimmed sour milk, with an allowance of two and a half ounces of barley meal per individu- al. For dinner, dumplings of wheat flour, 4 oz. of flour to a person, with skimmed milk ; or if meat is given, three fourths of a pound, with barley bread, constitutes the allowance. For supper, two pounds of wheat meal, made into meal eoup in skimmed milk, for ten persons, with a pint of skimmed milk to each, and a pound and a half of potatoes, makes the meal. There are of course some variations in the mode of serving up this homely food, and on feast days boiled pork and beer are sometimes added to the ordinary provis- ions. That such a mode of living is not unfavorable to health, the condition of the German peasant and his general longevity fully prove, but we can hard- ly believs a person could perform the severe tasks which meet the American laborer, with such food and in such quantities as arc specified above. — Mb. Cull. The annual value of the manufactures of Massa- chusetts, is upwards of $80,000,000. 226 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, EXTRACTS FROM MR TESCHEMACHER'S ADDRESS Before the American Jnslilide, in October Inst. We are happy to present to our readera the fol- h^wing- extracts from Mr Teschemacher's address, (copied from the American Agriculturist,) consti- tuting that portion of it relalmg to his experiments with Guano. We should have been glad to have received the address (and expected it) long before this, as we had learned it contnined other useful information beside what is here given. We have made one or two corrections by request of Mr T. Experiments with Guano. " In an address which I had the honor of deliv- ering before the AIa«sacliusetls Horticultural Soci- ety last year, I detailed a few experiments made by myself with the new manure from the coast of Peru, calleil guano, which is unquestionably the dung of sea-birds that has accumulated there in almost incredible masses, and which, owing to its never having been washed by rain, not only re- tains for ages its wonderful fertilizing power, but possibly possesses them in a concentrated form. I think this is a fit opportunity to give the re- sults of a continuation of some of these and other experiments, premising that every operation has been carried on by my own liands. JJut I would previously remark, that about four or five years ago, two cargoes of this manure were imported in- to England ; the following season this number was increased to six, and in twelve months of 1642 '4y, this importation had increased to above 40,000 tons, and that the sales in London alone since last January, have been from 250 to 500 tons weekly ; those in Liverpool probably exceeding this amount. I should be quite willing to rest my belief of its immense importance to agriculture on these facts alone, even if I had not my own expe- rience to confirm it, although I am aware that sev- eral experiments have been made which have failed. In all those which I have heard of, the failure could always lie traced to some error in its appli- cation ; some had applied too much, for it is ex- tremely powerful, and had killed their plants — oth- ers applied it in ground already highly manured ; its cfTects were of course scarcely visible ; others had applied it on dry soil at a dry season, when of course there were no means of its reaching the roots in n proper state. In Peru, it is always ap- plied just previous to irrigation, for it never rains on that coast. On the 12th of May, this year, I sowed several hills of sweet corn on a poor, exhausted, sandy soil, putting a tablespoonful of guano to each hill of five seeds, without any other manure. I feel sure that this quantity in sowing is two-thirds too much ; one leaspoonful would suffice ; besides which, it was not sufficiently stirred up with the Boil, so that when the young tender sprouts first germinated, they came nt once into contact with this most powerful manure, and were considerably injured, turning yellow, and several dying away. Three or four, however, in each hill survived, and soon began to grow^ of a dark green color. For the first three weeks, I did not observe much dif- ference between these and some adjacent hills in the same soil, which I had sown ^Iso without ma- nure, for the purpose of comparison. When about one foot high, I stirred into each hill about three teaspoonsful more of gu.nno, and watered all freely, as the weather was very dry. On the 11th of Ju- ly, the tassels appeared, which is about a fortnight earlier than usual JAN. ir, 1844. table, I exhibited at the rooms of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, the largest produce of one seed. It had three principal stems, two of which had throe heads each, and one two heads, in all eight beads, besides five suckers, each of which showed the silk. The weight of this plant, the roots being cut off, was 8 1-4 lbs. At the same time, I exhibited the best produce of one seed out of the hills without guano or manure. One stalk showed one head, no sucker, and weighed 1 1-4 lb. It is well known by cultivators of this corn, that under the usual cultivation it seldom avera- ges two heads to a seed. In my adoress before mentioned, the view I took of the action of this manure, and which I beg leave to state I deduced theoretically, fnmi a consideration of the analysis of its contents, was, that it would bo more valuable in agriculture than in horticulture, for that it was probable that it would diminish the size of the flower, but that it would certainly increase the produce of seed. I consider the above experiment with sweet corn alone as considerably fortifying these views, and I will mention but one other o°f my numerous experiments : it is purely a horticul- tural one, but it further supports the same theory, which is very important to agriculture. In February, 1842, I repotted two plants, an old woody one, and a young cutting of heliotrope, which were in soil entirely exhausted, and in which they had been about twelve months. The exhaustion of the soil was proved by the leaves turning yellow and dropping off as fast as they ap- peared, as well as by the attenuated appearance of the shoots. On repotting, I merely added a tea- spoonful of guano to the same soil, and replaced the plants in the same pots. In three months they had both shot out most luxuriant branches, with many clusters of flowers; and on the older and more woody plant, each cluster produced a good crop of seed, which this plant seldom produces, even under good common cultivation. This seed and luxuriance may therefore be fairly attributed to the guano. In order to pursue this subject to Its farthest limits, I considered it valuable to dis- cover whether any of the ingredients, discovered by ^chemical analysis of this manure, had .found their way permanently into the seed of the sweet corn, with a view of ascertaining its importance in cultivation as an improver of tlie food either for cattle or man. I therefore forwarded a portion of jhe seed grown with guano and that grown with- out on the same spot, to Mr A. A. Hayes, of Rox- bury, to whose valuable discoveries and researches on this subject, I have bef„re alluded, and likewise to Dr. C. T. Jackson, who has also interested him- self much in these matters.* I myself have repeated Air Hayes's experiments with this corn, although I have not been able to ■l Dr Jackscm I iiave not yet heard from, but the result of Mr Hayes's experimenls on tlie i-orn 1 transmitted to 111"), 19, that the phosphates in ilie guanoed corn, are to those m the corn without guano, as 6 lo 4 ; in oiher words, the ^juanoed corn contains 50 per cent, more phosphates than the otlier. Now, according to ihe most recent physiolugical discoveries, it is agreed that wiih- oul the pliosphates, neither Hush nor blood can be lornied, and llierefore, tliat ihe value of food for cattle and man, IS dependant on the quantity of phosphates it contains. The facts may therefore he slated as follows : In a po..r soil, with guano at the expense of about $3 per acre, a crop of Indian corn may be raised at Icasi double 111 quaniity lo that raised on well manured land : and this double quaniity will contain 50 per cent, more of those ingredients (phosphates,) whioli are absolutely , ne.essary to the formatio'n of. tiesh and blood, than the When fit for gathering for the other. separate the ingredients in the seed, so as to me a delicate and certain comparison with those seeds grown without guano. Yet, according the judgment of my eye, there is certainly an crease in the phosphates of the seed with gua If this fact can be fairly once ascertained with c ingredient, it may be fairly s»pposed to be the ci with others ; and when the researches affecting i riculture, now being pursued by numerous men of science, shall have attained a greater gree of precision and perfection, the importance a knowledge of the ingredients contained in various foods of cattle and man, will become qu manifest. One other consideration has suggested itself me as worthy of notice. In cultivation, the cho of fine seeds has always been deemed of first-r consequence. If the seed of this first year's si ing with guano has really acquired any more va able properties than that cultivated without, il at least probable, from what we already know pr tically of the laws of vegetation, that these pn erties may be increased with another year's sii lar treatment; I have, therefore, preserved som« this guanoed corn as seed for the succeeding ve when it will be again tried with the same manur It is much to be regretted that an imported di o*" 20 per cent, ad valorem is levied on guail This has just been paid on a small quantity i ported into Boston, a good portion of which has, the liberality of Capt. John Percival, of the U. Navy, been distributed among the members of i Massachusetts Horticultural Society ; no dou however, that on proper representation being nif at Washington, an article of so much importin to agriculture, will be admitted free. I will merely add to these statements, that I quantity of guano I consider desirable for each I of corn of five seeds, is less than one ounce, to given in two applications. One quarter on sowi must be well mixed with the soil, and three qui ters stirred well into the hill when the planti about a foot high, ahvays endeavoring to effect tl latter operation just previous to rain. This woi give about 70 lbs. to the acre, supposing it to cc tain 1,100 hills at six feet apart. The price England is £10 to £12, or $50 to $C0 per ton, 2240 lbs. ; hence the quantity to the acre wot cost somewhat less than two dollars, and no oti" manure is necessary. In England it has been ; plied at the rate of 250 to 500 lbs. to the acre, more than six times the quantity by the ab(;ve c culation ; but there it is scattered broadcast as t seed is sown, and of course the quantity used iiii. be much greater, as all the ground is covered, the method I propose, it is applied as it were si ply to each plant. In England, nothing is cul- vatcd in hills : it is either broadcast or in drills. There is unquestionably much still to learn this subject : I am sure I do not pretend to ha more than raised the skin of the scientific pan it ; but of the great value of guano on poor a sandy soils, under proper application, there canr exist a doubt. A remark has been made by some even of hij authority in these matters, to the effect that havii stimulated vegetation highly by these powerf manures, should the application not be continue the soil would become exhausted and barren. Nc is this not true of any manure, of the best cultiv ted field in the world ? Must not the farmer t ways use manure, and does he not exert hirost to make it as powerful as possible .' There is i OL. XXn. NO. 39. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER :ci nsth in this objoction. The results of many efiil experiments made in England on various ps, have been published. They are quite deci- • in favor of guano, even compared with nitrate loda.and other powerful fertilizers. Another lure I read of, as much in favor there, ia Pot- g artificial guano, composed chiefly of the same redients as chemical analysia has shown to be tained m the South American guano. Tliere- !, should the cheap natural source in Peru fail, •nee has shown how its place can be supplied, lOugh I fear at rather a more costly rate." CUTTING GRAIN EARLY. ,Ve copy the following from the Michigan Far- klR Editor — I wish to mako known through r paper, some facts wliich I think will be of le service to the farmers of Michigan. \raaisa Andrews, Esq., of this town, harvested y acres of wheat, this season, while it was bo en and unripe, that every farmer in the neigh- hood thought, and did not hesitate to declare I mad. He commenced cutting it ten days be- ■ any other person thought of beginning, and shed before any others had begun. The berry, 2n cut, was soft, and in that state known as be- "in the milk." He has now threshed it; and ng somewhat curious to learn the result of so el a proceeding, I today went, in company with Andrews, to the mill, and examined the wheat, found it plump, with a peculiar transparency he berry which I never before saw — which is to attributed to the very thin coating of the bran. > weighed some, and found it weighed just six- iree pounds to the measured bushel ; and the >erienced one informed rae that it made more ir and less bran than any wheat he ever saw. Now the above facts are worth knowing, from eral considerations. By cutting so early, no eat is shelled and lost, and the harvesting soa- 1 can be lengthened out, so as not to make it :essary to work so hard ; besides, the wheat ia ^ond a doubt better, and will make more and ■ter flour. Yours, truly, N. B. Eldridge, M. D. number of farmers associate together, and hold meetings once in a week or two, for the purpose of relating their e.vpcricnce in the manngeincnt of their farms, and exprossmg their opinions in rela- tion to various practical questions that may be started among themselves. 'I'hus, in a familiar way, all the members give and receive instruction, and all are benefited by the association. The ef- fect of these meetings will at once be seen in the improved modes of cultivation adopted by all the members of the Club, if not 6y all the farmers in the neighborhood. We rejoice to learn that one Farmers' Club has been organized in this State. The farmers in the neighborhood of Middletown, have formed an asso- ciation of the kind of which we are speaking, and have begun to hold their regular meetings ; and we predict for the farming interest in that vicinity, an improvement in the great art of cultivating the soil, beyond any other neighborhood in the State — unless, indeed, other neighborhoods shall wake up and follow this example. — Connecticut Far, Gaz. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Saturday, Jan. 13, 1844. There was exhibited today, by E. Allen, of Rox- bury, a dozen of the Jlgaricus campeslris, or ihc common Mushroom. They were very handsome, and no doubt to those who are accustomed to use them as food, or as a condiment, were very tempt- ing. They were raised by artificial heat. A bed of Mushrooms is very easily managed, and those who are fond of them, may with a little care, have them at all seasons of the year. For the Committee, Joseph Breck. FARMERS' CLUBS. We have, on more than one occasion, inaisted the benefits that might be experienced by those crested in the cultivation of the soil, from the ablishment of neighborhood associations for the nsideration and discussion of questions pertain- j to the science and practice of agriculture. We ve so often given our own views on this subject, d so often quoted the opinion of our contempo- ies of the agricultural press, that it is not neces- •y to enter again into a discussion of the subject, must be apparent to every intelligent farmer — leed to every farmer who ia not contented to fol- » the old-fashioned skinnine; system of tillage — It such associations are calculated to do inesti- ible good. It is too late in the day to question ;ir good results. Every body admits the fact ; d yet, comparatively speaking, nobody is ready reap their benefits. We should hardly think it ssible for any farmer, who is not determined to lide his light under a bushel," to rest easy wilh- t calling his neighbors together to hear the story his success or failure in the varioos experiments may have tried during the season. And this in reality what these '■ Clubs" amount to. A Remedy for Void Feet. — Dip or plunge the feet into a basin or bucket of cold water ; immediately take them out, and rub till they are thoroughly dry; or if snow is handy, rub them with snow. Do this two or three times a week, and in a short time it will be so agreeable that you will use the snow or water almost daily, and never have a cold foot, let the water be ever so cold. This is a law of nature. Wear the boots so large that the toes can easily move and expand themselves, and you may go without stockings. The feet will get used to it, like the face and hands, and stand the weath- er without a covering; — yea, let me ask, why not the feet get used to the weather as well as the face, without a covering except the boots — which is, and always will be, covering enough. — Eich. pap. [We do n't know but there maybe philosophy in these suggestions — but precious few, we think, wjll be inclined to adopt all of them in practice.] Scalding Milk /'or Butler. — In the Boston Plough- man, wo notice that Mr Johnson, of Framingham, scalds his milk during the winter season, after drawing it from the cow, and then sets it away in the usual manner. The butter made from the cream is as yellow, sweet, and solid, as if made in Juno. The same thing is done by all good butter- makers in this vicinity, with the same effects as detailed by Mr Johnson. — J]mer. Agricult. Resignation. — Nicholas Biddle, Esq. has resign- ed his office of President of the Philadelphia Agri- cultural Society. Dr. James Mease has been elected to fill the vacancy. AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE SPATE HOUSE. On Thursday evening, a meeting was held in the Re|)reseiitativc3' Hall, for the purpose of organiz- ing and ]irovi(ling for weekly meetings during the session. The Hon. Morrill Allen was called to the chair, and White, Esq., of Taunton, was chosen Secretary of the meeting. The Hon. Josiah Qiiincy, President of the Sen- ate, was then chosen President, and the Hon. M. Allen, (if Pembroke, Hon. Johnson Gardner, of Seekonk, Cyrus Gale, Esq., of Northboro', H. W. Cushman, Esq., of Bernardston, and Samuel Nash, Esq., of Hadley, were chosen Vice Presidents. The publishers of the agricultural papers were then chosen to report the proceedings of the meet- ings, and the senior editor was appointed to pub- lish in the daily papers notices of the weekly meet- ings. A committee of three was then chosen to pro- pose questions for discussion, and it was voted that no one should speak more than half an hour in one evening, without special license from the meeting. It was also resolved that the same committee should appoint some person, for each evening, to open the discussion of the proposed subject, ond to provoke debate thereon. The editor of this paper was then appointed by the committee to make the opening address at the next meeting, on the subject of Manures, which they proposed for discussion on Wednesday even- ing, 17th inst. It was resolved to hold meetings in the Repre- sentatives' Hall every Wednesday evening during the session, to continue from 7 o'clock to 9. — Ploughman. Heavy Bull.— Mr [Joel TucVer, of Monson, in the Ploughman, says : "As I have frequently read accounts of large cattle, I take the liberty to send you the weight of a bull, (part native and part Durham,) that I slaughtered last winter, which is as follows : 1 quarter, S09 lbs. 1 '■ S17 1 " 869 1 « 396 Hide, 173 Tallow, 63 1627 If you should hearof any better one being killed, I should like to be informed of it through your useful paper." A correspondent of the American Agriculturist says soapstone griddles are greatly superior to cast iron ones, as they are not subject to frequent chan- ges from beat to cold. They should be about 3-4 of an inch in thickness. He has one in use, and the cakes baked on it are better than from the or- dinary iron griddles, and it gives greater satisfac- tion to those employed in the culinary depart- ment. Do n't let your animals suffer from cold. 228 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JAN. 17, 1844 DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES. ] Extinct from llie Report of the Committee appointed by the Trwitees of the Mass. Sucietij for Promo- ting ^gricidture, to award the Premium for the best Dissertation upon Manures, and their appli- cation to the various Soils in this Commonwealth. Thn aiitlior of the fullowinp Essay upon the ap- plication of Chen-iisti V to Agriculture, is known to be one of the most scientific and best practical chemists of the country ; a man of genius ; a gen- ; tleman, loo, who has done more to advance the science of Chemistry as applied to Agriculture, than any other man in America. It is intended tn ' be written in plain lang^iiage, such as most farmers can understand, if tht-y give their attention to it. The principles laid down are generally such as are well established, and no longer doubtful. The great object, however, of the Essay is, to bring in- to more general notice a theory, and a practice growing out of it, suggested some years since by the author, which has received the sanction of some of our practical farmers, who have tried it under his direction. If the author is correct, common peat, when mixed with soda, potash, or ammonia, in the pro- portions given by him, would be, on most soils, equal, as a fertilizer, lo the common manures used by the farmer. Should his views be hereafter fully sustained by experiment, it will lead, we thinl;, to the greatest improvement that has ever taken place in the Ag- riculture of the State. A cord of peat earth can often, with us in Massachusetts, be obtained from from the meadows, as easily as a cord of manure from tlie bnrn-cellar; and one dollar's worth, or twenty pounds of soda ash, would, according lo the aullior, make the one equal lo the other. The theory on which the author founds this practice is, that potash or soda may be substituted for each other and for ammonia in the compost heap, without detriment. To Ibis theory we can- not, at present, subscribe. ■ But wliether they adopt this theory of the author's or not, most of cur farmers who may read this Essay, will, we be- lieve, receive both profit and pleasure from the pe- rusal. We therefore recommend, that the Society's premium of One Hundred Dollars, be given to Dr. Samlel L. Dana, for the best Dissertation upon Manures, and their application to the various soils of this Commonwealth. ESSAY. Section First. Clearing and Breaking up, and making Compost. There is one thing settled in farming — stable manure never fails. It always tells. There are no two ways about it. There is here neithertheo- ry, nor speculation, nor doubt, nor misgiving. "Muck it well, master, and it will come right," is an old proverb. It is considered a fact so well es- tablished, that nobody thinks of disputing it. There is advantage in asking why barn-yard ma- nure never fails. The answer is easy : It contains all that plants need for their growth. If we know then what plants contain, we can easily tell what is in manure. The whole doctrine of manures, then, falls into two plain principles, on wliicli hang all the law and the •* profits" of agriculture : — 1. Plants contain and need certain substances which are essential to their growth. 2. Manure contains all those substances which plants want. If, then, we would find out what it is which ma- nure contains that makes plants grow, we must first find out what a grown plant contains. This cannot be done without some little, a very little, knowledge of chemistry. Do not be startled, reader. I suppose that you may know nothing of chemistry — no, not even its terms. As a very sensible man, who wrote letters on Botany to a young lady, said, to encourage his pupil, it was possible to be a very good botanist without know- ing one plant by name, so is it possible lo become a very good agricultural chemist without knowing little more than the chemical names of a very few substances. You know nothing of chemistry, it may be, and as little of law ; yet you will go to law, and learn some of its terms by a dear-bought experience. The law terms are harder to learn ihan the chemical terms. Now I fear that some persons who have followed me thus far, will shut up the book. It is, they say, all stutf, book-farm- ing, and beyond us. It' one may not understand what manure is without this learning, we may as well begin where our fathers ended, and that was where our forefathers began ages ago. By a little law, however, picked up as a juryman, or witness, selectman, town-clerk, justice of the peace — yea, perhaps, by hearing an indictment read — men do come to understand what a lawyer means when he talks. So, too, by a little chemical talk, a man may learn what a chemist means when he talks of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, and carbon ; potash, soda, lime — (all these are old friends ; the very names make us feel at home again) — alumina, magnesia, iron, manganese, and silex, sulphur, and phosphorus. Here is a long list. Long as it is, perhaps it will be thought worth learning, when you are told that these are the names of all the substances found in plants, every substance which they want. Out of these is made every plant. Every pari of every plant, from the hyssop on the wall to the mountain cedar, contains some or all of these. Be not disheartened. Look over, read- er, the list again carefully ; see how many are old names of things which you know. Of the four- teen, you know nearly one-halt by name and by nature. These are, potash, soda, lime, magnesia, iron, sulphur. Perhaps you will add, that you know carbon is coal, or rather coal carbon. ^ oii have heard, from some travelling lecturer at your town lyceum, that oxygen and hydrogen together form water ; that oxygen and nitrogen form the air you breathe; ihal nitrogen and hydrogen form ammonia, or sal volatile, which gives the sharp smell lo the smelling-botilc. Besides, the thing has been said so often, that you must have heard it, that chlorine, the substance which bleaches in bleaching salts, united to soda makes common salt, or if chlorine is united to ammonia, sal ammoniac is formed. Now, by changes and combinations among these fourteen things, nature makes every thing we find in plants. Many of these are invisi- ble to us, as is the air. The substance called chlorine, perhaps you have never seen, but if you ever smell it you will never forget il. It is often smelt in a piece of bleached cotton, when opened in the shops. It gives the smell lo bleaching powder, used lo disinfect the air during caolcra and other diseases. If you could see it, it would appear merely a faint yellowish green air. It is all-powerful on veguialion. As it forms a part of common salt, say half of its weight, we may dis- miss the furlher consideration of it by saying, ih, in some shape or other, chlorine is universally d fused in soil and plants. The list above may be divided as follows: fir the airy or volatile; secondly, the earths and mi, als ; thirdly, the alkalies; fourthly, the infiamii bles. Only the third and fourth divisions requ to be explained or defined. The substances call potash and soda, are termed alkalies. Tliey i said to have alkaline properties. Touch yc tongue with a bit of quick-lime, it has a hot, bui ing, bitter taste. These are called alkaline prop( ties. Besides these, they have the power of cc bining with, and taking the sour out of, all si liquids or acids — that is, the acid and the alk neutralize each other. This word alkali is of A bic origin : its very name shows one of the propi ties of alkalies. '• Kali" is the Arabic word bitter, and " al" is like our word super — we s fine and superfine; so kali is bitter ; al kali,supt latively bitter, or truly alkali means the "dregs bitterness." I wish, reader, for your own sake, as well as i own, thai you should fix in your mind what I ha said about alkali and alkaline properties. Alk is a general term. It includes all those substa ces which have an action like the ley of wood ae ea, which you use for soap. making. If this ley boiled down dry, you know it forms potash. Ni lime fresh slaked has the alkaline properties potash, but weaker, and so has the calcinfd ma nesia of the shops, but in less degree than liii Here we have two substances, earthy in their loi having alkaline properties. They are called, thei fore, alkaline earths. But what we undcrsta chiefly by the term alkalies, means potash, soc and ammonia. Potash is the alkali of land plant soda is the alkali of sea plants; and ammonia the alkali of animal substances. Potash and so are fixed, thai is, not easily raised in vapor by fi Ammonia always exists as vapor, unless fi.ved something else. Hence we have a distinct) among alkalies which is easily remembered. Tl distinction is founded on the source from »hi they are procured, and upon their nature wh' heated. Pota.sh is vegetable alkali, derived frt land plants ; soda is marine alkali, derived frc sea plants; ammonia is animal alkali, derived frt animal substances. Potash and soda are fixed alkalies; ainir:onia a volatile alkali. Potash makes soft soap wi grease, and soda forms hard soap. Amnion forma neither hard nor soft — it makes with oil kind of ointment used lo rub a sore throat wit under the name of volatile liniment. Eiit tliouf there be these three alkalies, and lv,o alkalii earths, I want you to fix in your mind, reader, ih they all have common properties, called alkalin and which will enable you to understand their a lion without more ado about their chemistry. The inflammables, or our fourth division, a sulphur and phosphorus ; both used in makii friction matches. The phosphorus first takes fi by rubbing, and this sets the sulphur biirnii) Now, the smoke arising from these is only the su phur and phosphorus united to the vital part of it common air. This compound of vital air, or ox; gen, as it is called, and inflammables, forms acid called sulphuric and phosphoric acids. Ko il yc burn coal or carbon, it is well known you for fixed air, or carbonic acid. That is, by biirnin, the cool or carbon unites with the oxygen or vit. part of common air, and forms carbonic acid. Tl rOI.. X\U. NO. 89. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 229 ly, deadly air, which arises from burning char- , has all the properties of an acid. And now js see what these properties are. .11 acids unite or combine with the alkalies, ni- ne earths, and the metals. When acids and lies do thus unite, they each lose thi^ir distin- hing properties. They form a new siibelnnce, sd a salt. It is very important you should fix in your mind tins definition of a salt. You not to confine your idea )r Joseph Breck. BosTon, Wednesday, Jan. 17, 1844. BUSINESS FOR JANUARY —No. II. Cutting and SUdding Wood. We presume every lliriving farmer has already made a commfiicement (in this laborious work; he lias, no doubt, been busy every pleasant day during the past month, and the fine sledding so well improved, that his wood-pile has already bi-gun to make an imposing ap- pearance, and perhaps hie whole year's stock has been brought linme. The old practice of going over the lot, and selecting here and there a tree, such as are found in a decaying slate, is a bad one, as many young trees are thereby very much injured or completely destroyed. We believe this ccpurse is now almost universally aban- doned, and our most calculating farmers make a clean sweep of ilieir lots, e.tcept the very young trees, whieh are spared, if it is decided to let it grow up to wood again ; or if they are all cut close, they will start up again with great vigor. It is pleasing to see the rapid progress a young wood lot will make from year to year, when the old wood has all been cleared off. The sun and air will give the saplings a wonderful start. We have seen a wood lot in twenty or tvvcntyfive years from cutting, thickly and evenly set with trees of sufficient growth to be fit subjects for the woodman's axe. The stumps of young and vigorous trees will be inclined to throw up sprouts of a very luxuriant character, and a third growth will be making rapid progress before the farmer is hardly aware of it; whereas from old trees this will not be the case. It is important to have all the wood hauled before this month closes. The oxen are now, or should be, in good heart, and the snow is not generally so deep as in the month of February. If this viotV. is deferred, it may be very difficult, or even im- possible, to execute it, as very deep snows will greatly impede the travelling, or render the entrance into many lots inaccessible. In culling the wood from a lot, noth- ing should be thrown into the wood-pile which would prove more valuable for limber or fencing stuff. The proprietor should carefully select every thing of this kind, and board and other logs designed for sawing, should be carted directly to the mill. Every farmer should calculate to have a large stock of dry wood on hand at all times, so that he may be enabled to sell oc- casionally to those who are either unable to lay in a stock, or to those that are improvident. To be obliged to cart wood for his own use, in the summer, as we have sometimes seen, is altogether out of character, and ar- gues great want of prudence and forethought — and, we may add, some folks think, is an indication of any thing but thrift. We have seen a farmer (?) in hay time, un- der the necessity of going into the woods with his oxen, fell a tree, draw it home whole, and cut it up by piece- meal, as his wife might want it, to keep her pot boiling. (Wonder if he had his dinner in season.) This, how- ever, was not in Massachueelts, and we hope it was an ex'.rcme case in the State where we witnessed it. Care of the Stable tr Bam. It will be necessary to keep a watchful eye at the barn, and see that the animals are well supplied with proper food at the regular lime, and kept in a comforta- ble stale. The boys or hired men will need some look- ing after, or else the hay may disappear faster than was expected. It is good economy to cut the feed. We have practiced it for the Inst seven years, and think there is much saving by it. Tlie horses will eat hay of an inferior quality when cut, especially if a little meal is mixed with it. We have kept from four to six horses in this way most of the lime, and they are always in good flesh and spirits, although the work of some of them has been severe. The way we manage is as fol- lows : We have a box or trough eight feet long, sixteen inches wide inside at the bottom, widening to two feet at the top, and about elghleen inches deep. This stands on one side of the barn floor, with Green's Straw Cut- ter (advertised on another page,) at one end. As the fodder is cut, it falls into ihe box, which is capacious enough to hold the feed fnr our horses and eight cows or more With this machine, which is undoubtedly the best, a sufficient fiu:intily can be cut in a few minutes for the morning's feed. It is then sprinkled or mode- rately wet, and the desired quantity of meal thrown into it, and with a shovel, the whole is thoroughly mix- ed together. In this way our horses consume much marsh hay and other fudder of a coarse kind, which with a peck of carrots per day, will keep them in ex- cellent order : we have sometimes given the horses a peck of carrots morning and evening, to good advantage. To our milch cows, we give one quart of meal each per day with their cut fVed, and a peck of carrots in addi. lion, and should give tliem half a bushel each if our stock of roots would hold out. We cannot speak in too high terms of the utility of roots for horses as well as neat stock : they eat them with a good relish, and with their dry food are highly favorable to their health. We prefer carrots to any other root. The animals should be regularly supplied with water. In many of the barns recently erected in the vicinity of Boston, the water is brought into troughs directly be- fore ihe cattle. These troughs are covered with lids fastened with hinges, on the side opposite to the cattle, who soon learn lo help themselves whenever they want, by turning up the lid with their noses. This is a very comfortable and convenient way for them. Others have good conveniences In the barn-yard, while some still drive their cattle to the nearest brook or pond, which causes a great waste of manure, and exposes the cattle, when it is slippery, lo accidents, and it is also a waste of the time occupied by the one who drives them. It may be unnecessary lo remind the farmer of the importance of having a warm barn, but it will do no harm surely lo give a word of caution. Those who have the old fashioned cold barn, should endeavor lo prevent the cutting winds from blowing upon iheir cat- tle, by closing the cracks which admit the wind, by nailing over them slips of board or laths, and other means should be taken to keep out the cold. Air can be admitted when necessary, by opening the window, in the day time, but at night the cattle should be kept warm. The cows and oxen as well as horses, shonld have the currycomb or card faithfully applied to their hides every morning and ko|it as clean as possible: it will be found conducive to their health as well as comfort. They should also have a good beddinj of straw, leaves, or some oilier material every night. The stables should be so constructed that the urine will not stand upon Ihe floor, but it should pass directly into the cellar, (if, luck- ily there is one, as all good barns should have,) on lo the compost heap beneath. We have no gre-jl opinion of the man who does not regard the comfort of his cat- tle. " The merciful man is nerciful to his beast." Implements and Tools, On severe stormy days, it is not desirable for man or beast to bo exposed lo the wintry blasts, but the time may be profitably spent by the farmer in looking ir hit tool house, (if he has been ao thoughtful as to hai one,) and takn an inventory thereof, ascertaining wl will be necessary lo purchase, condemning such as r not worth mending, and taking into consideration su as may be repaired without too nnjch expense. He are some rakes : one. is minus a tooth, and anothi more unfortunate, has lost three. Now, act the pi, of a dentist, (your knowledge is equal to some of the travelling artists,) and fit in some new ones. Anotli, has lost Its head, and still another perhaps, its stale: y -can make a good one out of the two. The dung-fo with broken tine, and shovels that need a rivet, m be sent off to the blacksmith. The plows, we pi ceive, are in good order: they were cleaned and put their places after using them in the fall ; but we thiii you had better have some extra points on hand, as will be vexatious to be ;obliged lo stop in the midst i your plowing in April, and send to town for them : i member "a siilch in time saves nine." Let us look the Seed Sower: you will have occasion to use it c tensivcly next spring, as you must raise more roo Ah, you exclaim, I remember now, it went the roun among our neighbors last spring, after my own sowi was done, and no wonder it is out of repair. I do r like to meddle with it, so I will send it in to Willis. 1 will rig it up in fine style, and it will come back good as It was when new five years since. Now si we " have a place for every thing, and every thing its place." But the axes — if the storm abates, we sh want to use them in the morning, so get some hotw tur and have them put in fine order. These fricti rollers lo the grindstone — what an improvement ! ht much time is saved by them— and the cost is a me trifle. Now Js a good lime to rig up your grindsto with them, if you have one that is worth any thing; not, manage to get one at some rale, and see that y i procure one with a good gril, and be dependant no mo upen your neighbor, whose patience has so long be' tried by jour use of his. Put yourself in a situati< lo requite some of the good deeds of neighbors, and leai lo " do unto others as you would that others should i unto you." The Maine Farmer appears in a new and handson dress. " Brother Holmes," its present editor, has co ducted it from its commencement — and, uniting mui good sense with much good humor, he makes his pap one of the most useful and enlerlaining in all "do* east." The farmers and mechanics of Maine, lo who interests it ii devoted, should give it their support. To Kill Flits in a Cheese Room or Elsewhere. — Cheei rooms are freq«enlly kept closed and darkened, lokei out the flies, as the dairymaids say. Mr Livesay asser that this practice, ruinous lo cheese, may be avoided I occasionally boiling a pennyworth of quassia chips in pint of water, sweetening it, and placing it on plate about the room. It will destroy all Ihe flies that taste i Cheese, he says, being animal matter, cannot have t< much air. I have noticed that those cheeses which hai been kept is a large, well-aired room, have been qui sound; and those kept in a close, ill ventilated roon were either faded, or very bad in flavor. Thoui cheese should not be kept in too high a temperature, yi they will bear the summer heat very well, provide they have a constant supply of good air. — Alb. Cult. Fish Oil. — Several persons in Connecticut havings it staled that fish oil put upon fruit trees, would keepo insects, applied it to peach and plum trees, and the n eult was, all the trees died. — lb. j. s XII, NO. ao. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 231 K O T I C K . SSACHDSETTS HOHTICL'LTUKAL SOCIETY. lere will be an adjourned meeting held on SATUKDAV, aoth, at 11 o'clock, A. M. EBENEZER WUiHT, a. 17. according Secretary. THERMO.VIETRICAL. KeporteJ for the Now Hiigland Farmer, ngeof lire Tliei tuo meter ut tlie(iardeuof lUe proprietors •! New England Frfrmer, lirigluon, Ma^a. inaahaded lerly exposure , for theweek enditig J^n. 14. in. 1S44. I 7 A.M. | 12, M. | S.H.M. | Wind. day, iddv, nesdajr, rsday, ■»y. rday, lay, 6 21 20 13 1 9 4* 12 3 10 U 20 26 II 4 11 12 12 I 3U 26 13 42 40 40 14 ■ 19 82 20 1 vv. N. N. W. N. VV. S. N W. N.W. * helow. ilOHTOiN MARKET— MoNDAT, Jan. 15, 1844. Keporletl fur the N. E. Farmer. : Market 780 Beef Cattle, 20U0 Sheep and 50 Swine. Beef Cattle unsold. :ICE3. — Beef Cattle, — The Cattle generally were T than they were last week, and sales were dull at week's prices. We quote the same, viz., a few ex- J4 25 a 4 50, first quality .$3 75 a $4 00, second ty $3 50 a $2 75, third quality $3 00 a $3 50. eep. — Small lots were sold from $1 50 to $2 00. hers from $2 50 to $3 50 3ine. — No lots were sold to peddle. At retail from 4 1-2. About 400 arrived at Brighton at the close of narket. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, uecklij. EDS. Herds Grass, 90 no to 2 62 per bushel. Red Top 60 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 lo 12c. — Southern, 9 ;. Flax Seed, Si 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. iry Seed, S2 75 per bushel. IAIN. Since the last report the arrivals of Grain rath- ceed 100,000 bushels, nearly all of which has been sold, ■rn — .\ortliern. new, bushel 00 to 00 — Southern, round w, old, 00 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 47 n 43 — io. white 46 a 47 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Barley 00 — llye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 63 a C5 — , Southern, 29 a 30 — Northern do. 33 to 34 — Beans, per ;1 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per douhle bush. 25 a 35 -Bran, 20. jOUR. An improved feeling was manifest at the close, some slight advance in prices realized. No good brands ^s«e to be bad under 4,94 and generally held at S5. iltimorc, Howard .Street, 4 nios.cr. $4 87 a 6 UO— do. f. So 00 a 4 75— do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 5 00 — Phila- lia do. 4 mos. S4 87 a 0 00 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 84 31 a 4 S7 — Aleiandria, wharf mountain, oooao 00. lorgetown, *5 00 a 5 2J — Riclimond Canal, SO 00 a 4 87 . City, So 00 a (I 00— Petersburgh, South side $0 00 a 0 00 . Country*4 S7a5 12— Genesee, common, cash, 34 94 a - do fancy brands S5 12 a 5 37 — Ohio via Canal, ■ a 5 00— do do New Orleans, cash 44 75 a 5 00. Rye, ! a 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 75 a 2 87. iOVlSIO.NS. There have been heavy arrivals of West- *ork to day, mostly new packed, and a further large ad- n to the stock is daily expected. The market in con- SDce is unsettled, and quotations are in a great measure nal. lef— Mess 4 no. new bhi. S7 00 a7 50— Navy — $0 00 a No. I, 6 00 a 6 25— do Prime S5 00 a 5 37— Pork— a clear 4 mo. bbl. S12i0 a 13 00— do Clear S12 0Oa 00 00 Mess, 9 60 a 10 50— do Prime $3 50 a 9 00— do Mess other Slates,— a do Prime do do So 00 n 0 00 largo do. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do do 800 00 a 00 00 — :r, shipping, 12 a 14— do store, uninspected, 0 a 00— do , 14 CIS. a 17— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. C|J a 7 —do 1 and Western, 5J at! — Hams, Boston, 0 a 0 — lern and Western, 5 a 6 — Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 raeal, i — do new milk, 4i a Sj. DOL.. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- tion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, ad All whereot the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per 1. val. and 3 cts. per pound. There is a good demand for all descriptions, and recent improved prices are fully supported. Prime or .Saxony Klecc.'s, washed, lb. 37 a 41 c. --Amer- ican full blood do 3j a 37— Do 3 4 do 32 a |35 — Uo. 1 -.: do 29 a 30-1-4 and common do 25 a 23 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Uo. unwashed, 9 a 13 — Bengasi do 6 a 13— Saxon J, clean, 00 — Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a lo — uo. do. picked, 12 a 16— Siiperhne N.irlhern pulled lamb 30 a 35— No. 1 do. do. do. 27 a 30— No. 2 do do do 22 a 25— No. 3 do do do 15 a 18. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. The operation of the week have been aboul 200 bales, o( which loo were taken for export, and 100 bales on specula- tion, the former at 7c, and the latter at 6 3-4 c. per lb. Ist sort Mass. 1843, lb. 6 3-4 a 7 ; 2d do 4i a 6. 1842, 0. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern ScrewedSlo to 11. EGGS, 25 a 23. POULTRY. Turkies per lb. from 8 to lOcts.— Geese common 7 to 9- Bremen lo to 12— Chickens 6 lo 10- Ducks 8 to 10. A FARM TO liET. A farm consisting of some four or five hundred acres of land, with a farm house, two barns ana other out buildings, will be let for a series of years, " on shares." The so:l is naturally good and easy tilled. It may be made highly pro- ductive, as by Its location any amount of manure may be made from sea weed, sea and marsh mud, uiid other ma- terials, which are found on the farm. It is siiualed in the vicinity of the eastern terminalinn of the Long Island Kail Road, lour hours ride by the way of the Rail Koad to New York and six hours from Boston. The person who applies for it must be a native American, an intelligent and enter- prising farmer and a professed christian. No person need apply except such as can bring unquestionable recom- mendations of his qualifications as are specified. For farther particulars apply to tbe editor ol this paper, or by letter, post paid, directed lo JUDSON, A.NURKWS &, CO., Boston. Jan. I7lh 1841. FRESH GARDEN SBKDS. The subscribers are now receiving large supplies of Gar- den seeds ttom Europe, from their own Garden, and other sources. The following are included in the great number of varieties in their establishmeut, and which they ofl'er at low prices, wholesale and retail. PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Improved Blue Imperial, Hills' Early, Woodford Dwarf Marrow, Early Dwarf, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, " Charlton, Knights' Dwarf, " Frame, Dwarf Marrowfats. " Warwick, Tall do. BEANS. Lima, Saba, Horticultural Pole, Red Cranberry do. White do,. Kidney Pole, Dwarf China, Alohawk, ' Marrow, ' Kidney, ' Case knife, ' Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGE. Lung Late Drumhead, Early York, Late Sugar-loaf, i' Batiersea, Green Globe Savoy, " Vanack, Red Dutch, " Hope Low Dutch Cabbage, Early Sugar-loaf, With a great variety of other sorts. Early and Late Cauliflowers, Eroccolis in varieties. Cu- cumbers, Melons, Squash, sweet Maorjrum, Sage, Summer- Savory, Thyme, Ruia Baga, Turnips, more than twenty fine sorts. Three hundred varieties of Floweb Seeds, and every variety of Garden and Field seed, too numerous to mention. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Dec. 12, 1843. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. 1'he autumn is a suitable time to transplant many Trees and ___ Plants, and often times more convenient than in spring. We have as great a variety of Apple>, i'ears. Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Ciuinces, Currants, Gooseberries, 6tc. as can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. II, 1843. G.VKDEIV Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & C( GREEN'S PATKNT STRAW CUTTER. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England Agri tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and 62 North I ket Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, Hay Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not bt applied 10 aHy implement for this purpose. The most pi inenl eifecis of this application, and some of the conseq peculiarities of the machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requ to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sumi to work it efficiently. 2. With even this moderate power, it easilycutstwob els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been clai by any other machine even when worked by horse or st power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which cut, require sharpening less often than those of any c straw culler. 4. The machine is simple inils construction, made ant together very strongly. Il is therefore not so liable as complicated machines in general use to get out oford< HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK CO., Harris' Treatises on Insects. Price 34. Also, the second edition of Dana' Muck Manual, price 62^ cis. Feb. 16. LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for tea the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & C( NEW ENGLAND FARMER. jl wekklt paper. Terms, |;2per year in advance, or $.2 50 if not within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to fran subscriptions and remittances lor newspapers, will expense to subscribers. TBTTLE AND DENWKTT, PKIJITEKS, 31 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoeiooltdeal Wabehodbe.) ..XXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 24, 1844. [NO. 30. N. E. FARMER. From tlie Cincinnati Atlas. 3RTICULTURAL TOUR TO BOSTON. No. III. lessrs. Guilford If Russtll — l shoulil not trouble Willi further remark.s on my late Horticultural to tlie Norlli and East, after so long a delay, I not in my last inadvertantly done injustice [r A. D. VVilliams, of Roxbury, on the subject 18 successful cultivation of the Currant, in at- itins to Mr Pond, of Canibridgeport, what lid have been credited to him on this subject. »rel this error much, and thank the editor of New England Farmer for hi-s corrections, in re- ishing the articles. Although I have not the sure of being personally acquainted with Mr nor of having visited his place, I have formed highest regard for his Horticultural industry enterprise, from the reports of his neighbors, should regret not to add my testimony to his 1-earned reputation. iy visit to the Public Garden, at the foot of Dsloii Common," was one of much interest. It io far as it has progressed, located on land re- med from the v.-.ters of Charles river, by filling I understand this is the result of that enter- in"- spirit so creditable to the inhabitants of ton. Some years since, the idea was conceiv- by some gentlemen, of establishing this Garden a place of public resort and promenade, in con- •,tion with the Common. A subscription was .ordingly set on foot, and a large amount at •e subscribed, which has been expended in rais- • the ground, laying it off, and supplying it with nts. Attached to which there was a large Con- vatory, well stocked with rare and valuable nts, collected from all parts of the world, with ,ny fine and rare birds. The collection was es- :ially rich in Camellias, of which tlierq were ny very large and splendid plants, valued at m two to three hundred dollars a plant. The use in which the plants were kept, was round, s roof was of glass, in the form of a dome, and ;hted the whole building; theplants were ar- loed in stao'cs rising one above the other, fall- » back from the centre, so as to form a handsome pcarance from the open space within, which was 10 tastefully interspersed with cluiops nf plants re and there. A gallery run round the Green onse, cboul one-third the distance up, on which e plants were so arranged as to bring the whole terior into full view of the visitor, and at another ne exclude it from his sight. The plants were a most healthy condition, and looked uncommon- well. The house was warmed by means of les ■ the whole under the direction and manage- ent of the learned and scientific, though unas- imin? Corresponding Secretary of the Massachti- ■tts Horticultural Society, .Mr J'. E. Tksciie- ACHF.a. 'I'his fine establishment, with all its iluablc contents, I regret to add, was a few eeks since destroyed by an accidental fire, origi- ating from a defect in one of the flues. Great attention is paid in the vicinity of Boston, to cultivating, the Grape under glass, especially the Black Hamburg, with its noble bunches. This is, on the whole, the best grape for this purpose, although there are some white sorts raised in the same way to great perfection. Bunches of the Black Hamburg and others are frequently grown, weighing from one to two pounds and upwards, which find a ready market in the city, at from 7.5 cts. to $1 per pound. Pe.iches, Nectarines, Apri- cots, &.C., are also raised to great perfection under glass, which arc not unfrequently sold at from 50 to 7.5 cents a piece. In these prices, the cultiva- tor finds a stimulus and reward for his skill and industry, which prompts him to action, and furnish- es to the epicure and man of wealth a luxury, on which he may "fare sumptuously every day." My time was so short that I was prevented from visiting many fine garden.s, to which I was politely invited, of which I cannot of course speak; but hope to avail myself of this pleasure at some fu- ture day. A few remarks on Horticultural taste that exists about Boston, and I will close for the present. When a Cincinnatian finds himself within its suburbs and the region around, the first thing which will forci- bly strike his eye, is the high state of cultivation to which industry and perseverance have brought the face of a rough and rocky country from what he would look on at home as beyond recovery, but which now abounds in blooming and fruitful fields and gardens. The next thing, is the perfect re- spect which is paid to men's rights. He will ob- serve, to his surprise, as he passes along the road- side, that it is not necessary to build high fences with heavy gates, and bars, bolts, and locks, to keep out the intruder from appropriating to himself the fruits of his industry ; he will see that their fences and gates are merely ornamental appenda- ges, over which the branches of trees hang with their ample loads of golden fruit, as well as gor- geous flowers, perfectly within reach of the hand ; yet no man or woman with the least pretension to respectability, would presume to disturb what is not their own, or enter those premises without be- ing invited by the owner. He will see no hogs, cows, dogs or other animals roaming at large, ready to pounce in, if a gate should by some un- lucky chance be left loose, to destroy the labor and expenditure of years. I did not;' however, wish to be understood that there is nothing to find fault with ; this is not my object. These are some of the results of Horticultural taste, as bear- ing on those who raise fruits for their living or comfort. Another great advantage is, it has dis- criminated between the value of good and common fruits, vegetables, &c., in offering proper rewards to those who produce the best of these articles, and fixinn- a value on men and their productions in proportion to their worth. The consequence is. Now as the above are some of the happy fruits of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on that community, may we not, from this lesscm before us, take new cnurage and rally around our own infant Society, and support it with all our energy ? Will not the community, one and all, give us their sup- port and countenance, seeing that they are to be the greatest gainers ? But as it is not iny inten- tion, if it were necessary, or had I the ability, to show tho good people of our Queen City and its vicinity the obligations they are under to give effi- cient support to one of the best institutions which can be presented to them for their support, I beg leave to subscribe myself Yours, with much respect, A. H. ERNST. Spring Garden, Jan. Sd, 1844. Jlncient Prayer to Hard off Rust in Wheal. — Ever since the cultivation of wheat has engrossed the attention of mankind, they have had to contend against the evils of insects and the destructive ef- fects of disease, which oftentimes swept away both the crops and the hopes of the farmer. We know by scripture, that the cultivators among tho ancient Jews had to contend with all these difficulties. " F have smitten you," says the prophet Amos, " with blasting and mildew ; when your gardens, and your vineyards, and your fig trees, and your olive trees increased, the palmer worm destroyed them." Again — " I smote you with blasting and mil- dew, and with hail in all the labors of your hands." A writer upon this subject, translates a' prayer that was in use by the Greeks and Romans, when suppli«aling their Deities to ward otfthis calamity. It seems that they understood right well the effects of the disease, but in the darkness of their minds, they attributed it to the dispensation of a certain deity, whose special duty it was to destroy the crops, unless oppeased by sacrifices and prayers. The following is the prayer used on this occasion, while sacrificing to Rubigo, the deity in question. " O, blighting Rubigo ! spare the corn plants, and let the ear wave gently o'er the surface of the earth : suffer the crops which have been nourished by the propitious stars of Heaven, to grow until they become fit for the sickle. "Thine is no small power: the crops thou hast marked, the dispirited cultivator reckons aa lost. Neither winds nor showers so much injure the corn; neither when bitten by the frost does it ac- quire a hue BO pallid, as if the sun fervently heats the moist stalks: then, oh ! dread goddess, is the opportunity for thy wroth:— bo merciful, I pray, and withhold thy rusting hands from the crops, nor harm the cultivated land : it is sufftcient to be able to do harm.'"—Mainr Far. that a reputation for correctness, honesty, and in- telligence is looked to as of more consequence in those whose business it is to supply the public wants in the vnrious departments of Horticulture, than the low price of the articles. Corns. A medical gentleman states, that a piece of pearlash, the size of a pea, applied to a corn every night, for five or six nights successive- ly, will effect "a certain cure." — Mail. 234 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, sepa- You DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES. [Continued.) Let us Bnalj'ze a plant. Do not be startled at the word. To analyse, means to separate a conn- poiinj substance into the several substances which form it. This may be done by a vciy particular and minute, or by a more general division. It may be done, for our present purpose, by separa- ting the several substances of a plant into classes of compounds. Y'ou are already chemist enough to undertake this mode of analysis ; in truth, you have already done it again and again. For our purpose, the ancient chemists had a rery good di- vision of all matter into four elements — fire, air, earth, and water. Now, by fire you separate plants into the other three elements. You are, reader, though perhaps you do not know it, some- what of a practical chemist. Whenever you have burned a charcoal-pit, what did you ? You rated the wood into air, water, and earth, drove off by heat or fire the airy or volatile parts of the plant ; you left its carbon or coal : if you had burnt this, you would have left ashes. Now these ashes are the earthy parts of plants. If you burn a green stick of wood, you drive off first its water and volatile parts, which fortn soot. You burn its carbon, and leave its ashes or salts. So that by simply burning, you reduce the substance or elements of plants to water, carbon, salts. AH plants, then, without exception, contain the several substances in our list above, as water, car- bon, and salts. To apply this knowledge to ma- manure, we must say a word on the form in which some of these, which we call the elements of plants, exist in them. The sap is water; it holds dissolved in it some salts of the plant. This sap or juice forms a pretty large proportion of the roots — say seventyfive to eighty parts in one hun- dred of potatoes, turnips, beets, &c. This may be called the water of vegetation. If we dry beet- root, or any other plant, we merely drive ofl^ this water of vegetation. Now what have we left .= To go back to our process of analysis, let us char the dried root. Wo drive off more water and vol- atile parts. This water did not exist as such in the plant. It existed there as hydrogen and oxy- gen gas. Now this word gas is a chemical term, and it means any substance in vapor, which cannot be condensed into a liquid or solid at common temperatures. Different gases may unite, and so become solids or liquids. Steam is not gas, for it is the vapor of water, and immediately returns to the state of water, below 212 degrees. Perfect steam is invisible ; so are most gases. The air we breathe is composed of two gases, o.tygen and nitrogen. We do not see them — we cannot by JAJr. 34, 184 it to decay ; we obtain exactly the same products | the coal or carbon of mould without its salts as we did by our analysis, that is, carbon and salts. 'this worn-out land salts, and you may by we leave ' ' But because there is not heat enoutrh alone bring it back not only to tl its first vi th an it was before man by decay a portion of the hydrogen and n.xygen j freshness, but vou may even by salts alone n still united to the coal. A slow mouldering fire ' leaves products more like those of decay. Decay is a slow mouldering fire; hence the products of the decay of plants are very aptly termed mouU. It is the product of a mouldering fire— that is, an imperceptible union of the oxygen of the air with the carbon of the plant, — a union so slow that it gives out neither heat nor light. And yet it is in Its results the same as if fire had actually been seen and felt. Mould contains, then, a part of the carbon, o.vygen, and hydrogen, or, if you like the terms better, mould of soil consists of the water and coal and salts of the plants. Mould is truly manure. If the mould of soil, as it has thus been defined, were separated from the earthy portions ofsoil, it would deprive that SOU of the power of hold yet a great deal of insoluble coal ofm'o growing crops. Here then, we come to abroad it fairer and richer cultivated it. Too much stress has been all along laid u the kind of soil. Go now to " Flob," in W Cambridge : no better farms or farmers, look world through. Ask any of these practical whether the sandy and gravelly soil of Old C bridge Common, or even of Seekonk Plain, can made to bear as rich crops as their land ? T will tell you, yea. If your land will hold man muck it well, and it will bo as good.* Nov holding of manure belongs to the subject of sc and throwing that out of consideration, it is fo that even lands which do not hold manure, wl have been worn out and exhausted by cropp come to a distinction between soil and manure. The soil is the eartli on which plants grow. The mould is the manure of that soil. The soil is the earthy; the mould, that is, the carbon and salts together, with the elements of water, are the vegetable part of arable land. But though the earthy part, the soil, as it is usually called, acts as a support, on which plants grow, it does not play a merely me- chanical part. It has a distinct, decided, and im- portant action upon the manure. The action is chiefly chemical ; and the fact that soils and ma- nures do mutually affect the growing plant, is proved by the circumstance, that the first plants which grew, derived their salts from the earth. But this chemical action of soil does not belong to the present discussion. We can understand what manures are, without deciding how they act. We can theorize and guess about the how of their action when we have learned what they are. That is chiefly what the farmer wants to know. He wants to know what manure is, and what is likely to act as a manure. To these points we shall con- fine our present remarks. Pointing out the great principles applicable to all manures, the nature of soils, and the manner in which they affect manures, must be left for another essay. The vegetable or manure part ofsoil alone is to be now considered. Consider now, reader, the groat results to which our analysis has led us; that a slow, mouldering fire gives us the same products as arc formed by decay; that this is only a slow, mouldering fire, and that mould, its product, is the natural manure of plants. It follows, that whatever substance produces mould, that is, water, carbon, and salts, may be used instead of this natural manure. cooling or compression make air lake other shape | Among the salts found in mould, some are volatile it, on ;r,.,:„;Ki» „;. tu;. ;_ .l- i . ^ ._ i . _ _ -i ,■ ... _ . than invisible air. This is the general properly of gas as distinguished from vapor or steam. Oxygen and hydrogen in plants exist in just the propor- tions to form water, but we do not know that they are united in these proportions. We have com- pelled them to unite by heating the substance or root. The carbon is by this same process con- sumed, and you know, has thus formed carbonic acid. Besides this, a portion of the carbon unites with some of the hydrogen of the plant. This forms light, inflammable air. Now you may col- lect this light, inflammable air in any stagnant wa- ter where plants are decaying. Decay gives ex- actly the sa.me products as are formed in making charcoal. Decay is only slow combustion or burn- ing ; no matter whether we char the plant or leave and are easily dissolved by water. Others are fixed, that is, not evaporating easily, or not at all, and are quite insoluble in water. Now the first or volatile and soluble, first act when used in ma- nure. They act quick and are quickly done. The fixed and insoluble act slower ; they last longer. The volatile act in the early stages of growth ; the fixed in the later periods. The great difference in the action of manures, depends almost entirely upon the salts which they contain. These are the most important and essential. It is not so much the vegetable mould of manure that you want, as the salts which it contains. This is a well settled principle. Land which has undergone the skin- ning process — old, worn out and run out land, still contains a very large portion of vegetable matter ; They want salts, and something which will m this inert, dead vegetable matter of the soil, act The mould is active in proportion as it is mor< less dissolved by water. Mould consists of parts ; one is dissolved, though only in a sli degree, by water; the other is not dissolved water. Some substances, however, do rer mould very easily dissolved by water. Henct you reflect a moment on these facts, it will be s that mould itself, being valuable in propnrtioi the ease with which water dissolves it, that wI ever substance so enables mould to dissolve, r be added to it, and thus increase its value. N the things which do this are the alkalies, sc potash, and ammonia. These principles being well settled, we may i ler on the consideration of each different manu They will bo valuable in proportion to the quani and kind of salts each contains, added to the pov they may have of producing by their decay si stances which make their mould soluble. N this last property, that is, the property of produci a substance which makes mould soluble, depei wholly upon the nitrogen of the manure. This trogen, in the process of decay, becomes volal alkali, or ammonia. The word ammonia will c cur so often in the present discussion, that should endeavor to fix some definite idea to You need not, reader, be acquainted with all chemical properties. I suppose every man w will be likely to read these remarks, has smell ammonia. It has been already said, that it giv the peculiar pungent smell to the common sme ing bottle. This is volatile ammonia. It is ; ways formed when animal or vegetable bodies c cay. It has been already said, and is now repeated order that it may never be forgotten, that amni nia is formed by the union of hydrogen and nitt gen. Hydrogen and nitrogen, two airs, nitrog forming four-fifths of the air we breathe — let th be borne in mind, and without going into the chei istry of ammonia further, or the inode of calcul ting how much ammonia a pound of nitrogen w make, it may be laid down, and must be remembe ed, too, that every pound of nitrogen may be call< two and a halfpounds of sal volatile, or smellir salts of the smelling-bottle. Two and a half lb of volatile ammonia formed from one pound of r "The reader will bear in mind that Dr. Dana ua " muck" as a general term for manure — not moanit simply the muck of the meadow. — Ed. •li. XXIt. NO. 30. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 235 en. If then wc can determine, as chemistry 1 moiUlis of the rivers and litllo creeks, and some- , how much nitrogen e.xi.sts in or forms a part of | times indeed they appear to be driven olmost out lire, two and a lialf times that will be the am- jot the water by the sharks and porpoises which ia of that manure. If then the vegetable part follow them in from the sea. They are taken, he said, by the seine, in the common way, drawn to nanure is, as we have snid, valuable and active proportion to its degree of being dissolved by er, then, as ammonia gives it this easy solubili- we [nay safely say that the quantity of nitrogen lanure, is the me.isure of the value of its vege- c part. One thing must be guarded against ; to place from this view the whole of the value nanure upon its ammonia. Remember that ma- 3 consi.sts of carbon, water, and salts. The )le are equally essential to its action. There 0 eye, nor ear, nor foot nor hand in manure ch may say to the other members, " I liave no d of tiiee." The whole net together ; but it is 10 be doubted that ammonia is the lieart of ma- e, and keeps up the healthy circulation among other members. (To be continued.) MR WEBSTER AND HIS FARM. ^. corespondent of the New York Commercial irertiser, writing from Marshfield, where the n of Hon. Daniel Webster is situated, gives the owing interesting particulars : vir. We'jster, unlike most men of the present , goes early to bed, and sleeps during the first t of the night. By t) o'clock, unless the pre- ce of company or some pressing engagement induced him to remain longer in the parlor, he bund ill a sound sleep. But he rises very early the morning. I have heard him say there have in periods while in Washington, when he has .ved and dressed himself for six months together candle light. The morning is his time for dy, for writing, for thinking, and for all kinds of ntal labor ; from the time when the first streak dawn is seen in the east, till nine or ten o'clock the forenoon, scarcely a moment is lost ; and is then that the mighty results which distinguish 1 life are produced. This morning we walked out into the fields to- ther. One nf the first we passed liad been an 1 dry pasture, which the plough had not touch- for forty years. It usually had produced, Mr. ebstor said, in the spring and early summer, a tie white honey suckle and other sweet grass r the use of the dairy, but by mid summer it was mmonly dry, parched and brown. This led to a nversation on the utility of manuring land'by h when circumstances and eituntion allow it. Mr. Webster said his attention had been first awn to- the subject by seeing the practice in hode Island. He had subsequently seen prodi- ous etfects from it on some parts of Long Island, pecially about South Hampton. He had seen I use at Chatham and other places on the extrein- les of Cape Cod. He observed that whether it )uld be obtained or used for a reasonable price jpcnded, first on the nearness of the land to the la, and secondly on the general state of the wea- ler during the time when the fish usually visit the 3ast. These fish are a species of herring not lown in Europe, and are called in the United tates by the various names of moss bunkers, hard cads bony fish and mcnliaden. In the summer ley migrate north and are otf Marshfield some- mes by the middle of June, and sometimes not till une. When the weather is mild and the sea Booth they come close to the sliore, or into the the shore, and hauled of}' immediately to their des- tined use. Until this year, ho says, he has only used these fish by spreading them directly on the surface of the land, and as he does not hold to manuring by halves, the quantity is not spared. Ten, twelve, or fourteen cart loads, each weighing twenty-six or twenty-seven hundred, are allowed to the acre. There has been a notion psevailing to some ex- tent, that this species of manure stimulates the land too much, and soon exhausts it. In refuta- tion of this notion, Mr. Webster showed me a field which was thus dressed in the year 1834, and which has yielded an abundant crop every year since. This year twenty acres have been heavily fished, and the fish ploughed immediately in ; the land is destined for corn next season. A great mass of compost is also made by mix- ing earth or common loam with fish, in the propor- tion of about four loads of earth to one of the fish, and putting in lime as another ingredient. This being done in the Summer, the whole mass is dug up or turned over and mixed anew in the Autumn or Winter, and in the ensuing Spring it is found an excellent manure for any farming purpose what- ever. His gardens, his meadows, his pasture and plowed lands, all bear abundant proof of the utili- ty of this species of manure. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIlilTION OF FRUITS. Saturday, Jan. ^0, 1844. From the President of the Society — Two large dishes of the Beurre d' Areiiiberg and one of Prince's St. Germain Pears. From Moses R. Marsh, Quincy ■; IJleeker'a Meadow Pears. For the Committee, Joseph Breck. Hull Pear. — Mr Wilbur, who introduced the above Pear, says in a letter to Hon. B. V. French, that the " tree is a wilding in the town of Swansey, in this State. It was removed from an old orchard a few years since, is now about forty years old," is a first rate pear, " and a great bearer." Q^An interesting communication from a Nor- folk farmer, is deferred until next week for want of room, — as also an editorial article prepared for this week. Use of Ttirkies at the South. — J. S. Skinner, Esq., in a communication in the Albany Cultiva- tor, says : " Many object to rearing turkies, as being very mischievous and destructive to vegetables and grain ; but in the tobacco region they are consid- ered indispensable for their agency in destroying the worm which destroys the plant in the bed. In Maryland, the large planters, besides rearing all the turkies they can, send round and buy up large ' gangs ' of young turkies, at from 37 1-2 to 50 els. each, expressly to assist in • keeping down the worms.' As soon as the dew is ofi", the young negroes drive these gangs of turkies regularly over the tobacco field, where each one takes his row, and It is curious to see how quickly they can spy out the smallest worm, and what numbers they will kill. As the heat of the day comes on, they are driven into some neighboring shade, and fed with a little grain, to prevent the worms from mak- ing them sick, and to keep them from being sur- feited with too much of a good thing. After the tobacco has been housed, the planter allows his feathered auxiliaries to take the run of the corn- field and the hog-pen. In this way they soon get their growth and become fat, when all except the breeding slock reserved for the next year, become the perquisite or pin money of the good housewife, who sends them to the Washington market, where they average about $1 to the boarding-houae keep- ers, and are ia their turn devoured by members of Congress." A down-east editor speaking of the progress of civilization, discourseth thus: "Its march is on- ward— onward like the slow but intrepid tread of a jackass towards a peck of oats !" HOW SHOULD WOODLAND BR MANAGED? This, in many parts of our State, is beginning to be a question of no small importance. South and west of us, we believe it has become the set- tled conviction of farmers, that it is best to cut the wood off clean as your go, and leave the suckers from the old roots, or the new seeds which may called into action by the power of the son and air, to fill up the ground as fast as the growth will al- low, and that is pretty fast. But in this section of the State, there seem to be doubts yet among farmers, which is the best course to pursue. Some adopt the above plan, but we believe the most of people cull out the older trees and leave the youn- ger to increase in size by age. One of the best woodlots that we ever saw in Maine, was managed in this way, but it was owned by a very careful man, who did not manage in quite so Slovenish and careless way as many do. He was careful to cut the old trees clean as he went along, and at the same lime thinned out the younger growth, so that he could not only get about among it without breaking or running over any of the young Irees, and in this way the influence of the sun and air, which are essential to the growth of vegetation, could be felt by the trees, and their growth was much accelerated thereby. This mode, it is true, amounts very nearly to that first mentioned. We are inclined to think that the growth of our wood is not quite so rapid as that of the same species in Massachusetts, and farther south. It is therefore, more important to manage it in such a way that the greatest growth shall accrue in a given lime. On our seaboard, and on our rivers, coal is much used, and the wood will therefore be in less de- mand, or in other words, there will not be so much used, unless it can be aflforded at a price that will make it more economical than conl is. But in ma- ny parts of the interior there has been so much im- providence in regard to the preservation of wood, that there really begins to be a scarcity. In such situations it is absolutely necessary that care and attenlion should be bestowed upon the woodlot. We should like to hear from some of our ob- serving and matter-of-fact farmers upon the subject. Maine Farmtr. 236 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JAN. 9t, IS'^ LIST OF PREMIUMS FOR J644, Proposed by the Plymouth Co. ,9grindlural Society. Cattle Suow at Bf.idgewater, Sept. 25. Improvemtnls. To the person who shall mal;e the most sat- isfactory experiment to determine the best time to cut oaU and other forest trees which start from tlie slump, to ensure the mo.it flourishing succeeding growth — the premium claimable in 1844, $25 To the person who shall, on the 1st of Sept. 1844, have the largest quantity of land in the best state of preparation for English mowing which was swamp land, or fresh meadow June 1st, 1843, 15 Second premium, 10 Third do. Mr Colman's Report of European Tour. For the be^t experiment in the application of bone manure, on not less than half an acre of land — the experimenter to exercise his own judgment in the quantity to be applied, and the crop to be raised ; but on an adjoining half acre of similar soil and previous culture, he shall apply ten loads of good barn manure, sow on it the same kind and quantity of seed, culti- vate in the same manner, harvest separately, and weigh or measure, 10 Second premium, Q Third do. Colman's Report. For a similar experiment with saltpetre, 10 Second premium, g Third do. Colman's Report. To tlie person who shall make the most sat- isfactory, and in the judgment of the commit- tee, the most useful experiment in composting manure — not less than 300 loads of 40 cubic feet— before Oct. 1, 1844, Second premium, Third do. Fourth do. Colman's Report. To the person who shall do the most effec- tual work with the plow or hoe in subduing bushes in pasture land, from May 1st to Oct Ist, 1S44, Second premium, Third do. Colman's Report. Claims to be made on or before the 15th of Apri 1844, to Morrill Allen, of Pembroke. 10 8 6 10 6 Produce. For the best experiment in raising wheat on not less than one acre of land, nor less than 20 bushels, For the next best experiment. For the best experiment to determine at what distances the hills or drills of Indian corn should be placed to ensure the greatest crop wiih the least expense of labor. Two acres of land of as even quality as can be selected must be plowed and manured in the same man- ner ; the first half acre must be planted in hills three feet apart each way ; the second in drills three feet apart, and the kernels nine inches apart in the drills ; the third half acre must be planted in hills, three feet six inches apart each way ; and the fourth in drills, three feet six in- ches apart, and the kernels in the driils one fool apart, Second premium. Third do. Colman's Report. For the best experiment in planting corn and potatoe.s in alternate rows, either in drills or hills; the experiment to be made on not less than one acre and a half of land, half an acre to be planted with corn alone, half an acre with potatoes, and half an acre in alternate rows of corn and potatoes ; the produce of each half acre to be weighed at harvest, to prove wheth- er or not there be any advantage in mixed planting— (5G lbs. considered a bushel of pota- toes, and 75 lbs. of corn) — $15 Second premium, 10 For the best experiment in raising barley, not less than 25 bushels to the acre, 8 Second premium, 6 F"or the best experiment in raising oats, not less than 40 bushels to the acre, 8 Second premium, 6 For the best experiment in raising potatoes, half an acre to be planted in drills and half an acre in hills, soil and dressings as nearly the same as possible, g Second premium, 6 For the greatest quantity of whiti; beans raised on half an acre, ;not less than 15 bush- els to the acre, 6 For the next do. 4 For the greatest quantity of carrots raised on not less than half an acre of land, and not less than 300 bushels to the acre, 10 For the next greatest quantity on a quarter of an acre, 5 For the greatest quantity of onions on not less than a quarter of an acre of land, and not less than 75 bushels, 5 For the greatest quantity of sugar beets raised on not less than a quarter of an acre 5 For the greatest quantity of common turnips on half an acre, not less than 300 bushels to the acre, 5 For the best crop of ruta baga or French turnips on half an acre, not less than 400 bush- I els to the acre. For the best crop do. on not less than one- quarter of an acre of land, $15 10 The committee are authorized to distribute 8 vols, of the New England Farmer, and 8 vols, of the Massachusetts Ploughman, as additions to the above premiums, or as gratuities to unsuccessful claimants, according to their judgment of merit. The persons who receive premiums for root crops, will be required to report what crops are raised on the land the succeeding year, and with what success, that the public may better under- stand the influence of root crops on the soil. N. B. — Claimants of the above premiums must make entries with the Supervisor, Morrill Allen, Pembroke, on or before the 15th of April, 1844, that he may view the land to be operated on, if judged expedient, before the cultivation commence^. A particular statement will be required of each claimant how the land is prepared for the recep- tion of seed, the manner in which the seed was selected and preserved, the kind and quantity used, and an account of all the dressings and harvest of the crop. The Trustees do not intend in every case to give a premium for the greatest product, j but to consider the character of soil, local advan- tages and inconveniences, and to give reward to the persons who apply labor the most judiciously and economically. The Supervisor will visit the fields once or more while the crops are growing, and at the time of harvest he will select one square rod, regarded as an average of the field, see it harvested and we ed, by which the whole shall be estimated. ' regulation shall apply to all Indian corn and crops, excepting fields of mixed planting, the w of which must be weighed. The Supervisor s receive and lay before the Committees on Impn mcnts and Produce, the statements of every cl, ant, to which he shall append such remarks as 1 have been suggested in his several visits, and Committees so assisted by the Supervisor, shall commend the award of the premiums. Stock. For the best milch cow, not less than three years old. For the next best do. Colman's Report. For the best heifer having had a calf For the next best do. Colman's Report. For the best heifer not having had a calf, not less than one nor more than three years old, For the next best do. Colman's Report. For the best bull of native or mixed breed, not less than one year old. For the next best do. Colman's Report. For the best bull calf, not less than five months old, For Iho next best do. For the best heifer calf, For the next best do. The committee are authorized to distribut. vols, of the New England Farmer and 3 of Massachusetts Ploughman. Working Oxen and Steers. For the best pair of working oxen, raised and trained in the county, « For the next best do. Colman's Report. For the best pair of working oxen, taking in- to view their size, power and training, For the second best do. Colman's Report. For the best pair of steers, not less than two nor more than four years old, For the next best do. Colman's Report. For the best pair of yearling steers, accus- tomed to the yoke. For the next best do. The committee are authorized to distribute vols, of the New England Farmer, and 4 of tl Massachusetts Ploughman. Plowing Match. The plowing match will commence clock, A. M. on the day of exhibition. Isl premium, 2d do. 3d do. 4th do. 5th do. The work must be performed with one yoke i oxen. The committee are anthorized to distribute vols, of the New England Farmer and 6 of th Massachusetts Ploughman. at nine c $1 Beef Cattle. For the best fat ox. For the next best do. P'or the next best do. Colman's Report. For the best fat cow. For the next beet do. ; The Committee are authorized to distiibute vols, of the New England Farmer and 4 of Massa irOI/. T\ll. NO. 30. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 237 setts ['lou^liinan. Cattle not to be removed 1 the pens t)eforo 1 o'clock, P. M. llninmiits for premiums on slock and beef cut- are required to exhibit to th« coinmitten evi- co of llio iimde of rearing and trealinfr animala red for premium. The committees will please ;tly to enforce this requisition, and award no nium for a milcli cow, unless the quantity of ; and butler produced, for at least ten days in 1 of llie months of June and September, be ac- itely stated. nimals must have been kept in the county six ihs to entitle tliem to premiums, laims for stock oC every sort, and entries for ploivin;; match, to be made on or before Sept. , 1*34-1, to Abram Washburn, 2d, Bridgewater. Articks of Ihe Dairy. or the best butter, not less than 30 lbs. $7 or ne.\t best do. not less than 20 lbs. .'i or the ne.tt best do. do. 3 or the best cheese, not less than 100 lbs. 7 or the next best do. not less than 75 lbs. 5 or the next best do. do. 3 he committee are authorized to distribute 3 of the New England Farmer and 3 of Massa- letls Ploughman. Fruits and VegelnbUs, he committee on Fruits and Vegetables are orized to distribute twentyfive dollars for ex- dinary fruits and vegetables that may be de- ed for exhibition. Inventions, he committee on Inventions are authorized stribute for inventions and improvements le structure of implements of agriculture, patentQ,d, as rewards of ingenuity, $15 he committee are authorized to distribute 2 of New England Farmer and 2 of Massachu- I Ploughman. Bonnets and Fancy jhticles. he committee on articles of Usefulness and sy, are authorized to award $50 Mannfaclures. he committee on Cloths and the most use- .rticles of Household Manufacture, are au- izcd to award in premiums, according to • judgment iif the comparative excellence utility of the articles p*e8ented, $75 Cocoons and Silk. 0 the person who shall raise and exhibit argest quantity of cocoons, $8 or the next greatest quantity, C or the next do. do. 3 or every ounce of wrought silk, raised and ted in iho county, 10 cts. rticles which have received a premium, are not ;ied to a premium afterwards. If a competitor my of the Society's premiums shall be discov- to have used any deception or disingenuous sures, by which the objects of the Society have 1 defeated, such person shall not only forfeit premium which may have been awarded to but be rendered incapable of being ever after mpctitor for any of the Society's premiums. . S Cloths, fancy articles, products of the j dairy, cocoons and silks, articles of invention,- j fruits, vegetables, &c. must be deposited in the j Town Hall, before i) o'clock, A. M. on the day of ' cxhibiiion. Articles manufactured out of the county of Ply- mouth, not admissable. Premiums Claimnhlf in Future Years. To the person who shall, on the Ist of Sept. j 1815, have the largest quantity of land in the best slate of preparation for English mowing, which was swamp land or fresh meadow, June Is'- 1844, $15 Second premium, ]0 Third do. Mr Colman's Report of European tour. For the most accurate experin-.ent in the use of lime. Claimant required to select one acre of land of even quality ; the manure for one- half acre to be prepared as follows, viz: As soon as the frost is out of the ground next sprintr, take fifteen cartloads of muck or mead- ow mud, and five loads of manure from slock, and five casks of lime ; let the lime be slack- ed so as to become tine, then carefully mix the whole together. At planting time, spread Ifi loads of the above on the furrow, mi.t it well with the soil by cultivating or harrowing, and put the remainder in the hill or drill at plant- ing. Pot the same quantity of the same kind of manure, excepting the lime, on the other half acre. Let the whole be planted to corn, the second year be sowed to English grain and grass seed, the third and fourlh years n)owed, and let the produce of each half acre be weigh- ed and kept separate. Payable in 1846, 25 Second premium, ]5 For the most careful and satisfactory experi- ment in the use of plaster of Paris, on one acre of land, payable in 1847, 20 Second premium, 12 For the most accurate experiment in the use of salt on one fourth part of an acre, paya- ble in 184,5, 10 Second premium, 7 Experiment in the use of salt as manure. Select one-fourth part of an acre of dry land : prepare two compost heaps, as follows; three loads in each heap : — In one heap mix one bushel of salt, and in the other put the same kind of manure and no salt. Put one heap on one-half the lot, the other heap on the other half. Plant one-half of each part to com, the other half to potatoes, next spring. The year after sow grain and grass seed, and on the part on which salt was used the year before, sow half a bushel of salt on the ground, and sow the same quality of salt the third year in the spring. Keep the crops separate and weigh and keep an account. For the most satisfactory experiment to de- termine the best time in the year for cutting timber to ensure durability, payable in 1850, 25 Second premium, 12 Six samples of timber shall be cut the first year in dilfcrent months, according to the judg- ment of the experimenter : the slicks shall be not less than eight feet in lenglh, nor less than six inches square, all to be of the same dimensions and as near equal as possible with respect to sap wood. These samples to be equally exposed to the weather until 1850. In 1845, the experimenter shall hew out another set of samples cut in diflcrcnt months from the first, and expose in the same manner, until 1850. The experimenter shall also, at the same time he hews and cuts a stick of timber, cut a sapling of the same kind of wood and ex- pose with the timber unbarked. Claims to the 1st, 2d, 3d, Gih and 7tli of these premiums, must be iiiaJc to Morrill Al- len, Pembroke, on or before April 14th, 1814. For the most extensive forest, of any sort of trees suitable for timber, raised from the seed, not less than 1000 trees to tlie acre, which shall be in the most flourishing condition, and more than five years old in Sept. 1845, 50 Second premium for the same object, 30 Third do. do. do. 20 For the best plantation of oak or other for- est trees, suitable for ship timber, not less than 1000 trees per acre, to be raised from the seed, which shall be in the most thriving condition, and more than three years old in Sept, 1847, 40 Second premium for the same object, 25 Premiums not demanded within a year, will be considered as generously given to promote the ob- jects of the Society. And on all premiums above five dollars, awarded to gentlemen not members of the Society, the Treasurer is directed to make a deduction of twentyfive per cent, to increase the funds. The Trustees will not consider themselves oblig- ed by the terms of the above offers, to give a pre- mium in any case, when it shall be evident there has been no competition, nor more than ordinary exertion. All entries for premiums may be made by let- ters post paid. Letters unpaid, will not be consid- ered. By order of the Trustees, MORRILL ALLEN, ANTHONY COLLAMORE. Bridgewater, Jan. 1844. Wood. — Wood cut in the shortest days of win- ter has been proved by actual experiment to en- dure much longer than that of a similar descrip- tion cut in June. The laws of vegetable physiolo. gy, and particularly those involved in regulating the wonderful economy of the ascent and descent of the sap, are as yet too imperfectly understood to admit of a satisfactory explanation of this fact, although the fact itself is now becoming univer- sally well known. Wood partially seasoned, is preferable in many respects for fuel, to that which is thoroughly so. It is an egregious error to suppose that the entire mass of fluid contained in wood, is mere n-ater. Like the blood of the human system, it is a com- pound liquid, of which pure aqueous elements con- stitute the base, but in both cases chemistry has developed the presence of • other substances. In partially seasoned wood the water is absent in a great measure, and all that is combustible in the fluid, \eh.— Selected. Women. — Sheridan once wrote : "Women gov- ern us ; let us try to render them perfect : tho more they are enlightened, so much the more shall we be. On the cultivation of the minds of women, depends the wisdom of men. It is by women that nature writes on the hearts of men." Napoleon said, " The future destiny of the child is always the work of the mother." 238 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, JAK. 84,15441 AND HORTICULTURAL RfGlSTER. Edited by Josepb Breck. Boston, Wednesday, Jan. 24, 1844. SECOND AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE. On Wednesday evening List, the members of the Legislature and others interested in farming, held a meeting, according to noiice, at the State House. Tlie subject discussed was " Manures," which of course opened a wide field. On account of a previous engage- ment, we did not have the pleasure of "attending, and must therefore be dependant on our friend Buckminster, of the Ploughman, and others, for a report of the meet- ing. We shall make our arrangements for the future so as to be present, and take minutes of the transactions for the Faimer. The President of .the Senale, Mr Quincy, presided. The hall was well filled, and the meeting of an interest- ing character. The audience was first addressed by Mr Buckminster, who spoke 30 minutes, calling the atten- tion of the meeting to the principal materials which are made use of as manures. He enumerated the various animal, vegetable and mineral manures. He consider- ed the plowing in of green crops, in soils that can easily be plowed, the cheapest mode of enriching lands that he has ever tried. He also spoke of guano, poudrette, and lastly of Bommer's '•' patent" manure. He was followed by Hon. Mr Allen, of Pembroke. (We copy from the Ploughman.) " He said this was a subject of vast and extensive importance: he had em- ployed many hours in considering it, and he feared he might say so much as to transgress on the patience of the assembly, but for tho security which had been pro- vided against speaking loo long. He said we must be- gin first on the margin of the field— the outskirts must not be neglected. Before recent improvements and sci- entific discussion were introduced, farmers thought lit- tle ol looking beyond the barnyard for manures. They bad a notion that leaves and substances of that kind were injurious. But we now find that all vegetable matitr may be converted to good manure — that we live in a transition state, and find all tliiligs undergoing a change — the growth of forests and fields all in turn be- coming new food of plants. In minerals he thought we might find inexhaustible funds and sources of supply, and that we should prepare to catch the rich maierials that are floating in the atmos- pliere — he would Bay gases if he wanted to appear sci- entific. As the gentleman preceding him had named saltpetre, which is found under buildings, he would say il collects in any place that is sheltered — hence the im- portance of keeping manures under cover. He thought a vast number of articles might be converted to manure that his faith was full, and probably in advance of his discourse. He felt his inability to do justice to tho sub- ject, and feared that he had succeeded no better than the sectarian clergyman, who never could persuade his audience that he himself fully believed his own doc- trines. Hon. Mr Dodge, of Hamilton, said, that among the great importance in agriculture. The first gentleman has told us of many kinds of manure : they are all good. Every farmer has the materials on his own farm to en- rich it. How shall he apply them — how shall he make his compost heaps ? I answer, with his yard manure and his soil mixed with it ; and in the room of lime and ashes, give mo hogs' noses. Writers may talk about their chemical or mineral manures ; keep hogs, hogs ! Keep them in cellars and throw in your hassocks; their noses will sooner decompose a hassock than all the nos- trums of the chemists. Hogs will work better than your Irishmen, though il may cost more to keep them. Hogs will work seven days in a week, while you must be pretty lucky to find an Irishman that will work six. If a farmer hds a dozen head of cattle, he may make fifty cords, or 200 loads in a year. He must occasion- ally haul materials from the first of July to the first of December. Others, nigh the city may buy manure, but I can 't afibrd to haul it to my farm ; I can make it for half what it costs in Boston. Some farmers with forty head of cattle make less manure than others with seven head. Keep cattle — make your liogs work — no labor is cheaper than that of the hog. The President observed the last speaker seemed to go llie whole hog on this subject. He should like to hear what others could say. He seems tochallengo you all to answer him — all of you who hold to minerals. A number more gentlemen spoke, but we have no room for the remainder this week." We are indebted to the Traveller for the following report and remarks : " Mr Hardy, of Waltham, (a very harilij and robust gentleman, and a practical farmer,) said lie went for Aocs' noses as decomposers, rather than for lime, or any oilier animal or chemical substance. He said the way he made his manure was by putting every thing and any thing that will make manure, or that will decom- pose or absorb, even sand, if nothing better could be found, (as that would absorb valuable ingredients,) un- der his barn, in a deep cellar under the cattle and hor- ses, and letting his hogs run upon it and decompose and compound or mix it; putting these things in from time to lime, from the time the frost is out of the ground un- til it is in again. This was his chemical, or rather hoggical way of mak- ing manure, and no one could deny that this was an ap- propriate and even gentlemanly way of manufacturing manure. He went the ' whole hog' (or rather a suffi- cient number of hoys to decompose whatever lie at- temiited,) in this matter, and seemed almost to think that no discoveries in chemistry could improve upon the hog, as a decomposer. Although he did not directly oppose chemical science, he seemed to wish for nothing better than the hog, and in fact to think that nothing better could be found. There seemed to be no one present who was disposed to go into the discussion in upholding and slating the uses and value of chemistry as applied to the making of manure. It is very plain that great progress will and is to be made, and in fact bus already been made in this respect; but the audience last Wednesday evening seemed to be made up of practical farmers from difTerent parts of the State, each of whom, was disposed to relate his expe- tion of chemistry, although all such experience may i, have the knowledge of the why and wherefore. The study of chemistry, in its application to maki manure, is useful, inasmuch as it gives a knowledge the component parts of matter and its habits of action, various circumstances and connections, and thus teacl what is best and cheapest, and most easily and prof biy made into manure — and how it is done by combi tion and decomposition, without going through a bl course ofexperiments, and stumbling upon truth, a were by accident, like a man looking about, or rat feeling about in a dark room for some object in t room, rather than by taking a candle, so that he can easily and come immediately to the object of his sear Chemistry is the candle, the light in this case. It more than availing ourselves of the experience of otl — (I mean the practical knowledge of chemistry)- it is learning beforehand what experience will prove any given experiment, and by this knowledge we si avoid many useless ones, and thereby save expense ; time. It is, in fact, leaving the experience of mat which is the subject matter we are after in all our ex| ments or studies on this subject." [HTNext meeting, Tuesday evening, Jan. 23d. ject — " Application of Manures." PREMIUM LIST OF THE PLYiMOUTH AG CULTURAL SOCIETY. We publish today the Premium List of the Plymc Agricultural Society for 1644, which, as our reai will see, occupies a large share of our paper. We under peculiar obligations to this Society for the pati age they have extended to the N. E. Farmer for i years, in awarding this paper as a premium. It car be expected that all who read our paper, will tal very deep interest in this long list. They cannot, h ever, fail to rejoice, that there is so much spirit in Old Colony as is manifested in the liberal encourf ment given by this Society for such a variety of exp ments, exhibition of stock, implements, &c. We h it will have a tendency to awaken a spirit of emula in other sections of Kew England. dj'A subscriber who inquires whether scions f apple trees in bearing, can be obtained from this vie ty, and the price per hundred. Is informed that t can, by applying at No. 52 North Market street, price varies according to the variety, but is gener about two dollars per hundred, unless it be some ch. and rare sort — in that case the price would bo so what higher. articles enumerated by the first speaker, lie did not no- rience, which was interestingandusef.il. Chemistry tico salt. He wished that more trials might be made of was not specially upheld ; noi, I think, because it could this. Seaweed, because of ils salt, was good. Muscle 'not be, or that those present had such sentiments, but beds are made use of in Uanvers, and they are found j because there seemed to be enough of practical expc- very good for the soil. Is it not owing to the salt ? He j rience to fill up the evening, and no practical chemical recommended its use in tho compost lieap. man at hand. N. Hardy, Esq, of Waltham, eaid manures arc of All experience in this business is of course ihe opera- Ezperiments in Raising Potatoes. — Mr Etisha > liams, of Argyle, Penobscot county, Me., took a si quantity of putatoes last spring, and divided each po into four equal parts, planting the butt end, the s end, and the two centre pieces each separate, and produce was, from the butt ends 40 pounds ; from seed ends 62 pounds ; and from the centre pieces b together, 160 .pounds — showing the superiority of centre-pieces by 58 pounds, in the quantity planted. Important Discovery. — A discovery has been mad a way of hardening wood, so as to give it almost compactness of iron. This, it is said, is done by hausting the air from the wood by an air pump, and I saturating it with iron and lime in solution. Wood : mitted to this process, has been used fur some t im railroads in England, and found so firm as to have b "carcely marked by the wheels of the cars. — Exeh. ^ li. XXII, NO. 30. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 239 THERMOMETRICAL. ReiiortedTor the New England Fanner, ingeoftlie Thermometer at the (^ardenof the proprietors ■•; New England Fanner, Urighlun, Mass. in a shatln] ciierly exposure, for the week eniling Jan. 21. ran. 1844. [ 7,A.M. | 12, M. | S.P.M. | Wind. id ay, 16 9 24 22 N. sday, IC 30 38 36 E. liiesday , 17 34 33 49 E. rs>d:iy. 18 28 33 23 N. W. lay, irJay, 19 IB 17 17 N. VV. 20 0 7 7 N. W. day. 21 •3 10 10 N. W. * Itelow. ^KiHTON MARKKT.— MoNDAr, Jan. 22, 1844. Uefinrteil fortlie N. E. Farmer, t Market 285 Beef Cattle, 1050 Sheep and 373 ne. RICES— Bee/ Cattle. — An advanre was effected, quote a few extra $4 50 a 4 75, Krst quality $4 a 25, second quality $3 75 a $i 00, third quality 25 a $3 75. i«ep — Saleg from $1 50 to $2 25. Wethers from iO to $3 75. einc. — A few lots selected to peddle 4 a 4 1-4 for !, and 5 a 5 1-4 for Barrows. At retail from 4 to WHOLESALE PRICES CURREPfT. Corrected itith great care, weekly. ;EDS. Herds Grass, $0 DO to 2 62 perhushel. Red Top 51) cents. Clover — Northern, 00 to 12c. — Southern, 9 :. Hax Seed, Si 50 per hushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ry Seed, 82 76 per hushel. l.VIN. At the close of the week there has been more ry f<)r yellow flat Corn, of which there is none afloat. Id next arrivals be of a quality suitable for mealing, ir prices than the last sale will probably be realized. rn — Northern, new, bushel 00 to 00— Southern, round w, old, 00 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 47 a 49 — lo. white 4.'; a 46 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Barley 00 —Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 03 a 63 — Southern, 29 a 30— Northern do. 33 to 34— Beans, per :! 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 35 -Bran, 20. .OUR. The business of the week lias been quite mod- , owing in part to the advanced demanded by holders, iltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $4 87 a 5 00 — do. f, SO 00 a 1 75— do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 5 00— Phila- lia do. 4 mos. 84 S7 a 0 00 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 84 37 a 6 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00. orgeiown, S3 OO a 5 25 — Richmond Canal, S4 87 a 5 00 . City, 80 00 a II 00— Petersburgh, South side So 00 a 0 00 . Country $ I 87 as 12 — Genesee, common, cash. So 00 a - do fancy brands 83 12 a S 37 — Ohio via Canal, a 5 00 — do do New Orleans, cash *4 73 a 6 00. Rye, : a 0 00— India'i Meal in bbls. i2 73 a 2 87. lOVISIO.NS. The market for new Pork is in a great are unsettled ; the arr vals are large for the season, and :r8 are anxious to realize. ef— Mess 4 mo. new bbl. S7 2S a7 50— Navy— SG 50 a —No. 1, 6 00 a 6 50— do Prime S3 00 a 6 50— Pork— 1 clear 4 mo. bbl. S12 00 a 1250— dn Clear SI 1 60 a 1200 Mess, 9 50 a 10 00— do Prime S3 50 3 9 00— do Mess other Slates,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 •argodo. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00— ■r, shipping, 12 a 14— do store, uninspected, 0 a 00 — do , 14 CIS. a 17— Lard, No. I, Boston ins. 6J a 7 —do 1 and Western, 6i a 7 — Hams, Boston, 0 a 0 — lern and Western, 5 a 5J — Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, t — do new milk, 4i a 5^. 301,. Duty. The value whereof at Ihe place of ex- tion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 6 per cent, ad All whereof the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per 1. val. and 3 cts. per pound. i have no change lo notice in this article there contin- o be a good demand for all descriptions and prices are me or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 41 c. — Amcr- full blood , do 35 a 37— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 133— Do. 1 -2 do 30- -1-4 anil commoa do 25 a 28 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do. unwashed, 9 a 13 — Bengasi do 6 al3— Saxony, clean, 00— Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10— do. do. picked, 12 a 10- Superfine Norihern pulled lamb 30 a 35— No.,1 do. do. do. 27 a 30— No. 2 do ilo do 22 a 23— No. 3 do do do 16 a 18. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. The transactions have been very limited the past week. Stock in hands of dealers about 400 bab;s, and several hun- dred bales are held wilh a view of foreign shipment. 1st son Mass. 1843, lb. 7 a 71 ; 2d do 5 a Sj. 1S42, 0. HAV, 14 lo 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed 8 lO to 11. EGGS, 25 a 23. POULTRY. Turkies per lb. from 9 to l4cts.— Geese common 7 to 9— Bremen 10 to 12— Chickens 6 to 10— Ducks 8 lo 10. A FARM TO I.ET. A farm consisting of some four or five hundred acres of land, with a farm house, two barns and other out buildings, will be let for a scries of years, " on shares." The so:l is naturally good and easy tilled. It may be made highly pro- ductive, as by its location any amount of manure may be made from sea weed, sea aud marsh mud, and other ma- terials, which are found on the farm. It is siluated in the vicinity of the eastern terniinatinn of the Long Island Kail Road, lour hours ride by the way of ihe Rail Road lo New York and six hours from Boston. The person who applies for it must be a native American, an intelligent and enter- prising farmer and a professed christian. No person need apply except such as can bring unquestionable recom- niendalions of his qualifications as are specified. For farther parliculars apply to the editor of this paper, or by letter, post paid, directed lo JUDSON, ANDREWS*. CO., Boston. Jan. 17lh 1644. FRKSH GARDEN SBKDS. The subscribers are now receiving large supplies of Gar- den seeds from Europe, from Iheir own Garden, and other sources. The following are included in the great number of varieties in iheir establishment, and which they offer at low prices, wholesale and retail. PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Improved Blue Imperial, Hills' Early, Woodford Dwarf Marrow, Early Dwarf, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, " Charlton, Knigbts' Dwarf, " Frame, Dwarf Marrowfats. " Warwick, Tall do. BEANS. Lima, Dwarf China, Saba, " Mohawk, Horticultural Pole, " Marrow, Red Cranberry do. " Kidney, White do. " Case knife, Kidney Pole, " Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGE. Long Late Drumhead, Early York, Lale Sugar-loaf, i' Battersea, Green Globe Savoy, " Vanack, Red Dutch, " Hope Low Dutch Cabbage, Early Sugar-loaf, With a great variety of other sorts. Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broccolis in varieties. Cu- cumbers, Melon?, Sqtiash, sweet Maorjrum, Sage, Summer- Savory, Thyme, Ruia Baga, Turnips, more than twenty fine sorts. Threehundred varieties of Floweb Seeds, and every variety of Garden and Field seed, too numerous to mention. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Dec. 12, 1843. PRCIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of F'ruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable time lo transplant many Trees and _ Plants, and often times more convenient than in spring. We have aa great a variety of Apple", Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest prices. JO.SEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. PUMPKIN SEED WANTED. The subscribers will pay a fair price for a few bushels of the " old fashioned yellow Pumpkin Seed," suitable for planting. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Not. 23. GARDEN *, FLOWER SEED.S FROM LONDON. We have received, by the Barque Huntress, from London, a choice assortment of GARDE.V AND FLOWER SEEDS. We have also received Ibe invoices of three other slii]Mnents of Seeds and Trees, which are expected to arrive in the course of 30 days, which will give us the largest and most choice collection of SEEDS AND TREES ever offered by us. Our customers and friends are requested to send in their orders. JOSEPH BSECK &■ CO. Boston, Dec. 27th, 1843. SUPERIOR SALT FOR THE DAIRY. For sale at the Grist Mill in Beach St., svperior Jinc Salt ground from the very best id' Bonaire and St Martin's Sail, and IS decidedly the nest and cheapest article for the Dairy and family use, being of nearly double strength and much purer than the Liverpool salt. For sale by A. SHlVERICKund HOWES & CROWKLL, Boston, Dec. 27. 3mo 36 Commercial wharf. POUDRETTE. Improvements of such a nature have been made in the manufacture of Poudrette. by ihe Lodi Manufacturing Co., near the city of New York, as to warrant the opinion, that It is the cheapest and best mnnure now known and in use. By experiments which have been made it has been proved thai its fructifying powers have been greatly increased ; its operation upon vegetable matter quickened. It will obviate the effects of severe drought and will retain its fertilizing qualities much longer than any Poudrelte heretofore made. It will ripen corn in 66 days, fit for use. The price will be 7'ef/(/ce(/ the followin-.; season, as follows. At the factory it will be sold in bulk, at the rate of 25 cents per bushel. It will be delivered at any wharf or place in the city ol New York, free of cartage and other expense, at the rale of S2 for 1 bbl. which contains 4 bushels ; S3 50 for 2 barrels ; S5 for 3 barrels, and Sl0,.'i0 lor 7 barrels, and at the rate of 81.50 per barrel lor any larger quantity. Persons wishing the ar- ticle, will please give notice in due season, as the orders will be fulfilled in the order of lime received. The Co. w.as in- corporated in February, 1840, for 30 years, by the Legislature of New Jersey. No liability to stockholders beyond their subscription of SlOO per share. A few shares of what is called the " Reserved Stock," remain to be subscribed for, which Ihe company guarantee shall pay a dividend of 50 bushels of Poudrelte a year on each share, as authorized by the charter. A pamphlet containing instructions for its use and all other necessary inlormatiou, is in preparation and will be sent gratis soon alter the first of January next, lo any person applying for it, post paid. Agents have been, or will be appointed in most of the important places in the Eastern and Northern States, lo whom jiersous may give orders. Where there is no agent, please direct "to the President of the Lodi Manufacturing Co., No. 43 Liberty street. New York," and it shall receive immediate attention. The reader will please refer lo the letter of Mr. Kentish, pub- lished in this paper lo day, December 20, 1813. GARDEN SEEDS! GARDEN SEEDS! ! The subscribers are now receiving their fall supply of Gar- den, Grass and Field Seeds of every description, and would respectfully recommend to their customers and the public lo send in their orders as early as possible, to secure a supply from their choicest lots. Their stoc/i of Seeds for this season will be very full and complete, and most of the varieties being raised under their own inspection, they can confidently recommend them as be- ing pure and of the first qualities. Among them are Long Blood Beet, Ruta Baga, Early Turnip do. Long Orange Carrot, French Sugar do. Early Horn ilo. Mangel Wurtzel do. White Field do. Also, Cucumber and Cabbage Seeds of every variety ; Peas and Beans, of every kind ; which, together with a large supply of every kind of seed desirable for the field or garden, comprise the most comjilele and extensive assortment of Seeds lo be found in any similar establishment in llic coun- try. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. .\gricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 ) and 52 Norlh Market Street, Boston. \ Oct. 16, 1343. POUDRETTE I PuUDRKTTE ! I Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and at the Ihclory in Brookliiie, will meet with prompt altenlion For sale by J. BRECK & Co., 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. Ocl 26. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of difliereiil sizes, hung on friction roller.^ ana moved with a foot treader, is found to be a great iinpruve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satit-faciion. The rollers can be attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK Ji Co., No. 51 Norlh Market street. •240 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. JAN. 34, 1844. MISCELLANEOUS. EDUCATION ABROAD. The last number of llie Comnion School Journal contains a long and deeply interesting article on the state of education in Europe, from the pnn of Its editor, Hon. Horace Mar.n, who spent a conside- rable part of last year in iravelling in Europe. He saw many things to admire, and much to deplore. '' Europe," he says, " rxhibits beacons to terrify, as well as lights to guide us. Over some of the Scotland, as illustrative of the ignorance found among the laboring classes in some of the large towns. To eighteen young men, from 16 to 18 years of age, brought together for the purpose of giving them some rudiments of moral and religious instruction, the following question was put: — "Where was the birth-place of Jesus Christ.-" Not (me of them answered— all looked blank and stupid, and said nothing. At length, the interroga- tors observed the countenance of one of them light- ed up, and thinking that he was ready to reply, the question w.ts put directly to him, "Where was Je- fairest ficlde that God ever planted out of the gar den of Eden, the flood of ignorance has rested for I jug Christ born r" to which he answered, •'Paisley.'" thousands of years, deepening and corrupting from | SaUvi Observer. a^e to age, until now. No tongue of man can de scribe, nor mortal imagination conceive, the foul and hideous forms of poverty, and wretchedness, and crime, which have been engendered in the waters of this Dead Sea." England, a country to which we are prone, with all our pretensions to republicanism, to look for examples after which to pattern, is the only coun- try in Europe, truly civilized, that has no system for the general education of the people. It ex- pends freely indeed, for classes, but not for the whole. As a consequence, there exists in striking contrast, the highest intelligence in the few, and the most debasing ignorance in the many. "A thirst for knowledge in a few, and a patronage of it by the government, which prompts them to in- vade the solitudes of either pole, and to break through the phalanx of disease and death that guards the head-springs of the Niger, is applauded, and its object pursued at immense expense, while there are (ens of thousands around who do not know whether the land of their nativity is an island or a continent." When we connect this statement with the otEoial disclosures made of the condition of the factory population, and of the children in the mining districts, we are led to adopt the strong language of IMr Mann, and say, that "theFejee islanders, the Caribs, or the most ferocious tribes of cannibals that prowl in the interior of Africa, thousands of miles from the confines of civilization, ought to seiid missionaries to England." We are not to suppose, however, that there are no redeeming traits in the character of our nation- al progenitor. There are many En^'lish hearts that feel deeply the existing evils, and some noble souls that have toiled iiianfiilly for a better state of things. And though Great Britain has planted colonies of convicts and malefactors in the islands of the ocean, and yet by her selfish institutions breeds them at home faster than she can convict and export them, — and tliough the established church is fostered by the State with an annual rev- enue of eight millions of pounds sterling, and em- braces within its parochial territory thousands of persons arrived at manhood, " who never heard the name of Christ," — we look confidently for a reform in the moral and educational condition of the peo- ple. Until such a rofurcn is efiVcled, our national pride need not take offence at any English travel- ler in the United Slates who writes " Notes" upon us " for general circulation." In Scotland, the condition of education is much better, thou_'h the schools are far from being what they should be. Only about oue-lhird part of the children in Scotland are educated in the parish schools. A portion of the rest are educated in private schools — but n^t all. Mr Mann relates the following anecdote, on the authority of the Queen's Inspector of Schools in ^^ You're my Prisoner." — Decidedly the best joke we have heard for some time past, was played off upon a constable in the western part of this State. lie started out to arrest a person who had often evaded pursuit, but who, he was informed, was at that time engaged in a neighboring corn- field. The constable, wishing to take him by sur- prise, took a roundabout direction, scaling the sheds and fences until opposite, when ''squatting low," he crawled stealthily along and at last pounc- ed upon his victim, clenching him firmly around the waist, exclaiming, "You're my prisoner." Im- agine his mortification, when upon a more careful inspection, his prisoner proved to be a scare-crow. — Buffalo Giiz. A Dutch member of the N. Y. Legislature being asked by one of his constituents, what they had done during the session, '' Done ? I know not vot do resht do: / make two hunder dollar," answered the honest Dutchman. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements have been made the past year in form and worlimanship of these Ploughs; the mould bi has jjeen so formed as to lay the fxirrmD nompleiely c turning in ev -y parlirle cf grass orsluhhie, andicav'ing grmind in the best possihie -manner. The length of mould lioard tias be a very much increased, so that Plougti works with The greatest ease, holh with respe& the holding and the team. The Committee at the late i of Ploughs at VVoreesler, say. " Should our opinion lie asked as to which of tliePloi] we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhaps sei the inquirer, if your laud is inosily light anil easy to »i try Prouly & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard orri BEGIN WITH Mb. HnWAllD'S." At the above mentioned trial the Howard Pl'^ugh more worl^, with the same power of team, than any t plough exhibited. No utiier turned more than Iwenlys and one half inches, lo the 112 llis. diausjhl, whih Howard Ptough turned twentynine and one hatf ineht tfie same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howi. Ploughs are much the strongest and most subslanti made. Tiiere has been quite an improvement made on the f or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wit liavini; to fnrnish a new landside: this shoe likewise se( the mould tioard and landside together, and strengthen: Plouqh very much. The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to St 5. A Plo sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost 8 $iO 50, and with cutter St, with wheel and cutter,! extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and reta the New [England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed £ Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, hy JOSKPH BRECK & C'< Cure for the Gout. — Live upon sixpence a day, and earn it. — Akernetliy. PATENT COIllV SHELLGR. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that the prautical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. It can he used in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and durable in its operation, and no way liahle lo get out of order; one man can work it to good advantage, tho'ngh a man lo turn, and a boy lo feed it, \V"Huld yield twenty pounds per annum. He be- ved that some sharp sighted individuals in the ate of New York were already turning their at- ition in that direction. The time is rapidly ap- oachiiig when this is to be a great wool gjow- "■ country ; although at present the whole num- r of sheep in the Untied States does not much coed 20,000,000; more than 5,000,000 of those e ill the state of New York. Sheep raising can- t be made a profitable business on the coast ; e mountain ranges and highlands, back from the a, he says, are the regions for sheep. It was e opinion of Jonathan Roberts, a veteran farmer Pennsylvania, who had taken much interest in e kind of stock, that land in abundance could be ocured at a price that would cnal>le the wool •owers to produce it at 30 cents a pound. ing winter, and for a few years I believed we had a sure remedy. I practiced it four or five years, and never lost any in the time, except those that by mistake or for some reason, were not bled ; but in the winters of 1841-2, I undertook to winter thirteen calves, nil of which had been thoroughly bled ; and before spring, five of them died of the black leg : they were kept in a small yard, and not permitted to run out any, and were housed nights, and kept in good order. I thought it ow- ing, in part, to their close confinement and being in good flesh, and last winter I let my calves have more chance for exercise, obliging Ihein to go 60 rods for their drink; but notwithstanding, about the middle of winter, I discovered that one of the best had every symptom of the above disease, and I counted liim as good as dead ; but at the sugges- tion of a neighbor, I gave it a strong dose of lobe- For the New England Farmer. INQUIRIES. Mr Breck— Dear Sir— I atn about to roiumence fanning operations, uiiil wish to make some inqui- ries through the columns of your useful paper, in regard to the use of litne as a manure for grass land ; — what (piantity sown broadcust per acre would be sufficient ; whether it should Ix; slaked, or otherwise : at what season of the year is best to apply it, &c. I would inquire in regard to wood ashes fur grass land, about what quantity of unspent ashes per acre should be need .' and at what season of the year is best to apply them ? Also about what quantity of .spent ashes per acre. I would inquire as to the use of salt sown broad- cast upon grass land ; about what quantity per acre would be sufficient, and at what season of the year it should be sown? whether coarse or fine salt is ho.st, &c. By answering the above inquiries through the columns of the New England Farmer, you will very much (>blige a subscriber. Yours, truly, P. II. Gloucester, Jan. 22, 1844. (J5*'Wc refer our correspondent to the report of the agricultural meeting in our columns today, for an answer in jiart to his inquiries in relation to salt and ashes. We will answer upon lime in due sea- son. If convenient, by referring to the index to each of the last four or five vohinies of the Par- tner, he will readily find much of the information he desires. But this facility, perhaps, is not at hand. With the feeding and taking care of sheep Mr. | jja^ and got him on his legs and made him exer- cise, much against his will, and within one hour he began to eat hay, and got well immediately. "Randolph, Vt. G. S. P. /ebster appears to ba perfectly familiar, and en red into it at length ; he spoke in terms of the ffhest indignation against the mode adopted by loso who sometimes treat so good an animal so idly, so inhumanly ; and on the other hand he )oke of his mode of treating " his lambs" in such miinner that he not only excited my admiration y the extent of his researches and thoughts on lis point, but awoke my deepest sympathy. Cru- Ity to brutes, and especially to one which is so fton spoken of as the type of innocence, never lils to touch a tender chord. I have heard him 1 the Senate, and at the bar, I have heard him soaking to countless crowds, I have hoard him at 10 festive board, and indeed upon almost all occa- ions, back to each of which I look with almost nfiiiite pleasure, but I have never heard him on a ubject when he interested me more than he has one to day. Cooking Salt Fish. — Some people are yet in- redulous on the subject of cooking salt fish. It hould never bo boiled, for boiling hardens it ; but t should be kept in scalding water for two or hreo hours. No matter how small is the quantity if water, if it covers the fish Exch. pap. Female Sociel}/. — A modern writer observes that ' he who speaks lightly of female society, is either . numskull or a knave" — the former not having .en»e enough to discern its benefits, and the latter riating the restraints that it lays on his vices. Blind Teeth in Horsis. — Referring to an article on this subject, in the Dec. No. of the Cultivator, Mr L. Physick, of Maryland, in a letter to us, says: " 1 observe that you are desirous to obtain all the information you can collect about ' blind teeth' in horses. This was a matter entirely new to me till last summer, when one of my horses had nearly lost the use of his sight, 'which I attributed to over work, he being of a restless disposition when at work. Sometime after the predisposition to blindness was discovered, (the sight of one eye being almost, if not entirely gone,) he was sent to the blacksmith to bo shod. The smith told the boy, that if a certain tooth, pointing it out to the boy, was not extracted, the horse would soon be entirely blind ; and without my assent, took a hammer and a piece of bar-iron, as described by the boy — rather barbarous pulling — and knocked it out. The hoy said that there was no evidence of pain exhibited by the horse, and that the tooth dropped out with the first stroke of the hammer. Whether this was tlie cause of blindness or not, I cannot say ; but the horse very shortly afterward recovered his sight, which since then continues good." — Mb. Cult. Things of Importance. — To have your cellar well secured against frost; your windows and doors in good repair ; your wood-house with at least a year's stock of fuel cut and piled in it^ your yards warm and comfortable ; your stables clean and well ventilated ; your farm implements carefully cleaned, repaired, and housed ; your district school attended to, and every thing provided to facilitate education ; useful and instructive reading for long winter evenings ; a kind and benevolent heart to the poor; plenty of food for your animals ; the receipt of an agricultural journal ; and though last, not least, exemption from debt, and a con- science at peace with God and man. — Alb. Cult. Men often act lies without speaking them. also appearances are lies. All The New London Gazette says that O. Lay, Esq., of Lyme, has a hog 22 months old, which weigs over 12U0 pounds, and aoiistantly increasing in weight. Rich and Comfortable. — One of the weilthiest farmers on the Connecticut, tells the following story : " When 1 first came to settle, about 40 years ago, I told my wife I meant to be rich — all she wanted, she said, was enough to make her ' com- fortable.' I went to work and cleared up my land ; I've worked hard ever since, and have got rich — rich as I want to be. Most of my children have settled about me, and they have all good farms. But my wife is n't 'comfortable' vet." Dr. Johnson says of small debts, that like small shot, they rattle around us on every side, and can scarcely be escaped without a wound. Great debts are like cannon, of great noise and less dan- ger. Tho most effectual way of diininishing crime, is I to diminish ignorance. 244 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, JAW, 31, 184'!', THIRD AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE OF FARMERS AND OTHKRS INTERESTED IS AGRICUL- TURE, Ja.v. 23. On account of the unfavorable stale of the weather, the meeting was not fully attended, al- though there was a very respectable number pres- ent. A very intcrestinsr discussion took place, in which a number of gpntlomen participated. The President and Vice Presidents being all absent, with the exception of Hon. .Morrill Allen, of Pem- broke, Mr Allen called the meeting to order, and then proceeded to make some remarks on the sub- ject assigned for discussion, viz. " Application of Manures." He said, the subject of manure which was dis- cussed at our last meeting, stands prominent and even first among those that should employ the at- tention of farmers. Next in importance to seeking | extended knowledge of the countless substances 1 which may be applied as manure, is that knowl- j edge which qualifies us to make the most judicious and useful application of the various articles we spread over our fields. There are many and contradictory opinkins con- cerning the proper time and manner of applying the manure of barn-yards to soils. This is used to some extent by every farmer, and to this my re- marks shall be chiefly confined. The leading questions on which variant opinions arise, are, should it be used in its long or unfermented state, or should, it be decomposed before it goes to the field ? — should it be spread on the surface and there left, or plowed under the soil .' — what sea- son in the year should fields be manured ? Now, on these questions theorists and doctors differ widely ; and we certainly shall not expect in this discussion, to come to any unquestionable con- clusions. Perhaps we can pursue no course more likely to impart light and guidance, than in a free disclosure of our personal practices and the results that have followed. The work of cultivation was commenced by me before much had been written in this country on the subject of aoriculture. My early guides were strength. Much of the enriching qualities of un- mixed barn manure, would, no doubt, pass into the atmosphere, if spread on the surface. And proba- bly theorists have reference to this when they speak in so strong language against surface manur- ing. Compost manure, when proper materials are used, and in suitable proportions, we think will draw more fructifying gases from the atmosphere than will be discharged into it. But, if farmers will use unmixed manure, let them plow it under the soil. We feel, confident, however, that very little should be used in this way. The proper seasons for manuring fields, cannot be fixed by any rules which all farmers would find it practicable to observe. My practice has been to manure nt all seasons, when it could be done without injury to the soil or the growing crop. It will no doubt be most effective when applied near the lime of vegetation. 1 With the various extracts in the form of salts, I have made few exi)erinients, and those have been applications to the surface. A different course may in simie cases be preferable — if so, we hope to hear it recommended in the progress of this dis- cussion. The order of nature, all farmers must observe, is to lodge the food which is to nourish future plants near the surface. Art is seldom successful when its grasp is extended beyond established laws. Mr Breck then read the following communica- tion from the Hon. John Welles, on the subject of salt as a manure : Boston, Jnn. 2M, 1844. Mr Breck — Dear Sir — As I find that nt the second meeting of farmers at the State House, some regret was expressed by several agricultu- rists that the article of salt had not been more par- ticularly introduced, and having many years since gone through several experiments on this subject, at your request I place the results thereof at your disposition. In the various efforts to which I have had resort for the improvement of soil, and the increase of application made at the rate of 5 bushels to tJi acre, gave a bright green surface, and an inci-ase fertility to the spot on which it was strewed. Induced by what has preceded, I measured off portion of pasture land, and strewed on the su face at the rale of 4 bushels to the acre — tlie re suit was evidently favorable : the gross was of deeper green, and the feed was preferred by th cattle. I have pursued the subject in the variety modes as herein detailed, to give some proof of th utility of salt when carefully applied, and of power when otherwise used. To show this in th latter case, and as it may be as desirable to olhei as to me, I would add, that there were on m ground, set out more than half a century since fi ornament and fashion's sake, several score of tl tree called the Lombardy Poplar. These great exliausters of the soil, and it became desiri ble, from their extensive roots and suckers, to rid of them. For this purpose, I had recourse i the power of the article of which we treat. I ci down the trees, making a hollow in the top of tl stump : to this an augur was applied, and a ho bored to the depth of from 4 to fi inches: 2 or quarts of salt was put on the stump, and so cffei tual was it that no sucker ever appeared. Theol ject was thus fully effected. 1 have thus given in detail what my course hi been in the use of salt. A respect for those gei tiemen who have expressed a desire to have tl value of this article discussed, has endangered ii in the trial of your patience. But if the course have pursued shall afford any occasion for improvi ment or amusement, it will gratify one who hi ever taken great pleasure in agricultural pursuit I am, with great respect. Yours, truly, JOHN WELLES. P. S. It may be observed, as somewhat incidei tal to this subject, that the use of marine manures : which salt greatly abound, such as rock-wee sea-weed, &c. &c., are in general the great mati rial for the cow-yard and hog-sty, are in great us and demand near the tide-waters. But as in the chiefly indications of nature and the texture of : production, the application of salt has been often I '^"'"P"'""'" '""'='"''" '^ ""eluded, I had carrie ' recurred to. In England, it has been long in prac 1 "!> '" ^''^ ^"""^ P''"^'' °'" experiment and plowc tice to add it to the compost heap, to the extent of i '" •"; "re'uHy mverted under the sod, as now prat 10 to 1.5 bushels to the acre. With us, the quan- soils on "Inch operations were made. Those in- dications led me to apply almost all the manure made to the surface. My soils are generally moist and compact; the productiim of English hay was the leading object, and it was thought surface manuring would prove most effective. This course was pursued many years with satisfactory success, and without any doubts of tlie practice being found- ed in genuine philosophy. But soon after agricul- tural writers began to multiply, the practice of sur- face manuring was censured in strong terms. The first writer noticed, as subjecting me to tlie charge of " manuring the atmosphere," I think was the elder Quincy. (This phrase is usfd with great respect, and for the obvious reason that both the (iuincys ore Presidents.) Tiie deep thought to which 1 knew that venerable gentleman to be ac- customed, brought me to a pause and renewed in- quiry, and some different experiments were made tity has varied, owing with some to considerations of their distance from tide-water. Being desirous of ascertaining its value for ag- ricultural use, I began and continued for several years, a series of experiments in order to test its utility, at a position 12 to 15 miles distant from tide waters. First, by the application of about 1 bushel of salt to a buck-load of manure, for mix- ture in the compost heap, and an increased diffu- sion by its being plowed into the soil. I found the result highly beneficial, and have long contin- ued the practice. As this nearly coincided with the English mode, 1 did not risk the crop by any greater application. It then occurred to me as desirable in the pursuit of the experiment, to ascertain the effect produced Other authoritative names were yearly added to by salt when applied broadcast, or carefully strew- the denunciators of surface manuring. After sev- eral experiments, I determined to pursue the for- mer course, and manure on the surface. This was believed to be best on my farm. All my ma- nure for mowing land is composted. It is an ob- ject to increase the quantity, even at expens* o( ed on the surface of the soil or grass sward, I took a well adapted situation, and measured off a number of square rods, and began at tlie rate of 40 bushels to the acre. This, with 30, 20, and 15 bushels, entirely destroyed the vegetation. 10 bu.'-hels produced nearly tlie same effect, but the ticed, a load or two of seaweed. This was in a open pasture, and I found the result particularll beneficial. Mr Allen remarking that the subject was con' paratively new, called upon any one present I communicate any information upon the subject. Mr Stone, of Beverly, stated that he had no pe sonal experience in the use of salt as a manure but had observed its effects upon the land of neighbor. This neighbor invited him to look at piece of grass which he had, and upon entcrin the field, was asked if he saw any thing peculiar! different in the appearance of the grass in on part of the lot from that in another portion of i He answered, he did ; that in one part of the fiel the grass was much greener and more luxuriai than in the other. Tlie owner requested him t e-iicfs what had caused the difference — (a privileg all Vankees have) — but in this instance he coul only sri'f^s, "'ithout arriving at the cause; where upon he was informed that he had plowed an sowed all the land equally alike, and the cultiv; tion the same with regard to many things ; but th peculiar luxuriance of one part was occasioned b 1I-. XXIt. NO. 31. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 245 Iff salt upon it. His friend said, that being ,lcni some time before, he found upon one of thnrves, a quantity of salt thnt had come troni •go of hides, which he purchased for a trifle, xporiment sake, and sowed it broadcast over leld, as he would grain. As to the amount sown to the acre, .Mr Stone could not give account. The fall feed was much better, and oin[)lexion of the grass superior to that por- of the field where no salt had been sown. It his opinion that, when used discreetly, it might >nsiclcred a valuable manure. This lot was ted about two miles from the ocean. The ef- )f salt upon asparagus beds was well known 3St farmers ; it produced beneficial results. (Concluded on editorial page.) ?:COND AGRICULTURAL MEETING, e copy from tlie Ploughman the conclusion of iscussion at the second agricultiyal meeting, e subject of " Alanures." r Smith, the member from South Iladley, said d not rise to make a formal speech — he was n the habit of it. I obtain all the materials I from the back-house, from the drain, and the cow-yard. My yard is dishing, to hold iquid. Alter 1 have done plantmg, I cart in it all leisure limes: I mow weeds and stubble. e spring, I mix all my manures together, as as I can work them ; pile up, and leave the J to father in the hollow in the centre of the : I spread this liquid on my grounds. I ad manure on my grass lands after the grass itarted. a to plowing in green crops, the gentleman spoke first omitted one which I think inipor- — buckwheat. I can turn in two crops of buck- at in a season, and have then time enough to winter rye. I find this a good mode of im- ing lands. [r S. said he would mention one experiment ih had been reported to hitn, and on good evi- :e. A colt, four years old, was kept in the , through the year, and fed with hay — the ma- ! which he made was put on to the same ind whence the hay was taken that supported : this was repeated for four years, and at the of that term there was hay remaining, after ishing a full supply for the animal. Mr S. that nothing was put on to the land but the lure from this single colt ; he had a sufficiency itier thrown in for his bedding. Ir Merryman, the member from Auburn, ob- cd that manure should be kept under cover ; worth more than double of that ivhich has n exposed. He considered the contents of the n from the house valuable : he spoke of the iral wash on lands in summer, but hg thought ore prudent to gather all into compost heaps, said lime is not generally useful on our lands ; where iron ore abounds, lime is found to be d. He had made no great trial of swamp mud, found it worked well ou dry lands. He had nd sand out of the side-hill, good for his low ijs. Higli land earth seems to be good for low und, and meadow mud for high lands : where a n has a good proportion of each, the one will lish manure for the other. He had used, on low lands, gravel that had been dug from his ,ar, and had lain two years, and he had found 3 answer a very valuable purpose, bringing in d grass without the application of any manure. Mr Hardy seemed to have some qualms as to the colt story, but ho agreed that meadow mud was good on high land. Ho could name a poor sandy plain in Lowell, that lay by the side of a muck- hole : the owner cleared all the roots out of the hole and sold them at such a rate that the clearing of the land cost him but five dollars an acre. I''orty loads of tliis meadow muck was carried on to each acre of the sandy plain and buried deep. Corn was then planted, and no other dressing was ap- plied, and the owner harvested sixty bushels of good corn to the acre. Mr Smith now owned he was beaten, and de- clared he would withdraw the colt story. Mr Cole, of Boston, thought that a man might plow in one crop of buckwheat each year and take off a good crop of rye — that this might be done on most of our light lands. As to salt, he thought it good to kill worms in the soil. And he had tried it on a weedy bed of asparagus. The salt killed the weeds and made the asparagus thrive. He put one quart of salt to a pailful! of water, dis- solved it, and then sprinkled it on the bed. ipect ; but, on his return, he publicly expressed his determination to accept of no such tribute. Hu seemed sent to rescue his country from the im- peichment of "aye booin," for lie never bowed to wh:it ho did not feul was entitled to respect. We have not hoard his age named ; but his high brow, plowed and furrowed, and tiie ap- pearance of his thoughtful face the last lime we had the pleasure of seeing him, would lead us to suppose he was somewhat about sixty. He ha.i left a widow and one daughter. His country owes him much — perhaps more than it does to any other individual who has pur- sued the same walk through life. His name will be honored and respected as long as the happiest and most interesting of human pursuits are valued. DEATH OF MR. LOUDON. To the death of the illustrious German Van MojJS, is now to be added that of the celebrated English horticulturalist, J. C. Loudon, Esq. whose agricultural, floriculurai, and other works, are known ns well in this, as in the mother country. Mr. Loudon was a famous landscape gardener, in which occupation he was aided, as it is said, by the taste and skill of his wife, who has recently published a work upon gardening, designed espe- cially for the instruction of her own sex in that healthy and facinating employment. Mr. Loudon died last month at his residence in Porchester ter- race, Bayswater, of a disease of the lungs which had wasted him to a shadow. We copy the an- nexed notice of this good man and his labors from a late number of the London Sun. — Boston Tran- script. 'J he number and magnitude of his works are almost without parallel, and excite absolute as- tonishment when we consider the painful disad- vantages under which he labored, having lost one arm, and being deprived to a great extent of the use of the other ; but nothing damped his desire of usefulness, or checked his industry. He has been known, while walking up and down his study, to dictate to two amanuenses, and that so clearly and continuously that their pens were never at rest. In all Mr. Loudon's great agricultural, and especially iiis floricultural works, during the last twelve years of his life, he was assisted by his wife. Mrs. Loudon was favorably known to the literary world, before her marriage, as the author of one or two novels ; but she made an easy Iran, sit from the ideal to the real, and also accompa- nied her husband on his visits, when occupied in laying out the landscape gardens of many of the nubility, both in England and his native Scotland. A catalogue of hia works alone would occupy more than a column of this paper. Early and late — nearly day and night — he labored, and his mind was as independent as industrious. During his last absence from liome a number of indivi- duals connected with horticulture in its various and beautiful branches, assembled here together, determined to show their respect for Mr. Loudon, and their appreciation of his works, by presenting I him with some splendid testimonial of their re- FARMING TOOLS. There is nothing more worthy of notice than the great variety of shape in tools which are ii.sed by different persons and in different sections of country for performing the same kinds of labor. One having before him all the different patterns which may be found in use of the same articlp, would be surprised that those which are best adapt- ed to the uses for wliich they were intended ate not in universal use where all are equally easy to be obtained. Even in those tools or implements of husbandry which one would suppose should be the same the world over, there is a marked difference in the fitness or adaptness of those used in differ- ent sections of country ; for instance: the article of Grass-Scythes which are used in Massachusetts and Maine are entirely different from those used in ConniDcticut and in this State, In the former States they use a light narrow scythe, made in the neatest manner, and so formed that when used the grass falls from the Scythe in the swarth without loading upon the back to be swung round into heaps by the workman. Here our people seem to think that a good edge is the only thing to be looked for, and use a heavy bungling article of an awkward shape. It is true a keen edge is indis- pensable, but other good qualities should bo com- bined. The only reason that the best article of this kind is not generally used among ns is that we have not been willing to pay their value. Those sent from Massachusetts to our market are no sam- ples of what they use there, and without doubt our manufactures can make as neat an article as any others if they could be paid for it. The writer of this was shown not long since, the neatest article of this kind that ho has over seen, at the New England Agricultural Ware-House, Boston, kept by J. lireck & Co. It is stamped Dunn & Tay- lor, and manufactured by Taylor, Hitchcock & Co. in the State of Maine. If some of Messrs. T. H. & Co.'s best Scythes should be for sale in our mar- ket the coming season, it is to be hoped that our people will give them a trial ; and if they should prove as good as they have at the east, those who gel lliem will be sure to receive the worth of their money. Much might be said upon the value of a good Scythe, but try the highest cost and you will find them the besl. I understand they will be for sale in this city in a few days — Ulica Democrat. Always have some worthy end in view, in what- ever you undertake ; remembering that to fail with good intentions, is more honorable than success in an evil cause. — Cult. 216 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JAN. 31, 18' AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited by Joseph Breck. Boston, Wednesday, Jan. 31, 1844. THIRD AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE. (Corjliiiued fruin page 245.) Mr Buckmiiiist' r *' staled that as to tlie hpst modes of .-ipplyiiiff innnOrKS, he hiid found much difficultv. He once adopted the theory thai we cmiid hise nothing, on tlie whole by l)uryin(r manure deep in tlie soil : he thought if it did not henefil the soil so much llie fir.sl tiearjon, it woiild in time make its appearance in the crops, and nothing would be lost — that if llie first crop did not gel much of it, the second or tile third would fintl It ; Hnd as he wan saiislled that manures did not Btiik down in the subsoil, he tlmu^ht iiis chief care should be to [irevenl its evaporation. I3ut after many trials, he is now well satisfied that in Iteavff loams and claijs^ we may bury our manures so deep under liie green-sw.ard furrow as to \o»e tliein. They lie iu lumps and wasle away wiliiout giving mucli aid to the •rrowing blades. He ttiouorht ii heller to o\eriiauI th"? winter manure in the .«prn^ — let it ferment and become as line as your time will permit : mix it with loam and other mailer; epply it to the .-urface and plow a shalK.w furrow, or Iiarrow it in thoroughly. Yet he agreed tliat there was no ijreat objeclion to plowing in long green manure on lands that liad been planted the (irevious year ; for when 3 ou till the ground, you mi.v the m nure very in- timal'Iy Willi the earth. It is not so when you bury it undor ihe green-sward fjrrows." Dr. Gardner, of Seekonk, observed tliat he liad some experience which did not exactly agree wilh the gentle- man who last sp'ike One year ago last a'riiumn, he J/Iow<{I up one-half of a three acre lot, and in the spring the other half. The manure was turned under the green. sward on Ihat portion which was plowed in the »prinj;, but on that part plowed in the fall, it was har- rowed in. The result was thai the lot where ihe ma- nure was plowed under the green-sward, produced the most abundant crop nf corn. He said Old Bristol coun- ty did nol produce so huge crops of coin as he liad heard of hein^ raised in the vicinity of Boston. Forty or lifiy bushels wa.s considered a large crop in his part of the Slate. He afterwards stated ihat his land was nol a stiff sward, and Ihat he did nol plow it deep. He remarked that marine substances such as rockweed and sea \eed, were found henetlcial when applied to meadow land (mowing lands.-) — iliat when they were applied to the surface, a large crop was produced, and the results were visibly three or fmjr years. He had also used ashes to good advantage on meadow lands when spread ujion the surface at the rale of 50 or CO bushels lo the acre. Dr C- T. Jackson (a zealous friend of the farming in- terest, and always ready lo lend it ihe aid of his learn- ing,) inquired whether any Kenlleman had used salt in the inlerior, as it was important to know the difference in iis effecis when applied on the seaboard, and away ftoni the influence ci the ocean. Mr Eveietl, of Princeton, said he had a fiehl of corn which was much infested with worms, and by ihe rec- ommendation of a neighbor, was induced to' try salt, winch he applied al the rate of two bushels per acre, willi the desired effect. The corn grew well, and where the sail was strewed most pndusely, ihe crop was most luxuriant. Tlie field had not been plowed for a number of years. He maniir*-d in the hill, and not very heavily, and yet the succeeding cro[i of wheat was good : he at- Irihuted these results to the applicalion of silt. It was remarked from ihe Chair ihai we had for .^ome lime abounded in salt, and we needed a little pepptr to enliven Ihe subjei-t iMr .Merryman, of Auburn, said he had used salt siic- cessfuily in destroy ing worms in his garden; he had put It about his beans, corn, &c , and perceived ilial where it was applietl, the plants were more luxuriant. He pii's hriiie in his conipost heap, and thought salt a valuable manure, but l"o expensive for general use in Ills S'fCtion of Ihe counlry. In regard to applying ma- nure, he was nut conriiied to any [larticolar mnde. It was a general prarlice among his neigliburs lo rarry out the barnyard manure in the'^tall, but this ho thouglit a bad plan. His custom was to carry his out in the sjiring, clean Ins yard, and spread his manure on the grecD sward and plow it under. That none of the moisture may he Inst, he has men carting and spreading while anolher is plowing It in — and in this way he raised 40 or 50 bushels of corn per acre. When manure la carted out in the fa!l, it loses muili of its strenglh by tho es- cape of Ihe gases — but these aru retained in a great measure when it is snil'ered to lie compacily in the barn- yard until spring. He u.ses conipost fur grass lands alone, spieail on in the fall. He applies a liberal quan- tity of manure for corn, from 40 to 50 loads per acre. Planting one year with corn and then laying down to grass, he go's good crops for six or seven years. Ho plows his lami from 4 to 6 inches deep. Or C. T. Jackson asked information relative to the application of liquid iminures. He said the disagreeable odor from urine would be entiiely prevented by mixing it with salt muck or peat and a small quantity ofgyjisum. He recommended to farmers to lake iO casks of pent or nmck in a dry slate and one of gypsum or plaster of Paris, and have urine mixed witli the same ; this would produce an excellent manure. Casks half filled with this composition, might be placed in convenient silua- tions in the city to receive urine : a chemiclil operation would take place, ihe efiect of which would be the produc- tion ofsulphateoranimonia and ciirbonale and huniaieof lime in eunsiderable quaniilies, and the disagreeable ef- fluvia arisin.' from the liquid when kept in the original atale, would be prevented. Soapsuds may be saved in ihe same way, and make excellent manure. In Soulh Berwick, Me., has seen a process of convening all llie liquids from ihe barns and out-houses into good manure, using clay instead of gypsum. The lixuid part of ani- mal excretions, he thinks equal in value lo the solid part. In answer to ihe inquiry whether any loss ac- crued ;o the composl bed by ils being expnsed, he said much would be saved by keeping it under cover: it should not be kept loo wet, nor yet too dry, as in the last stale it will not decompose well. A small qiiantiiy of lime or ashes should be mixed with it in the spring, lo make it more active. !\lr Cole, of the Cultivator, said that " he had used salt only for Iiirnips and asparagus — lor the latier il was an excellent manure and destioyed tho weeds. Il pro. moied the growth of turnips and destroyed insects. When spread on Ihe surface ho used about 15 bushels to Ihe acre, when applied in the drill lo turnips half that quaniiiy was sufhcicnt. In raising early turnips for ihe market thi'y are generally injured by worms, which evil may be obviated by using salt. He knowagaiden- er who raises larye cabbages, and fine smooth turnips lor early use by a liberal applicalion of salt, on land that has been long under cultivation." Mr Hobbs, of Weston, remarked, that farmers are un- willing tci give up the practice of manuring in ihe hill. He was reluctant lo ad"pt a different mode himself, bui now he prefers spreading a compost on the surtace and pluw in with a light horse. plow, and does not ap- piove of burying Ihe manure deep. He found that a pint of ashes strewn upon each hill of corn had a good effect. Ho had not much experience in the use of sail, excepting its effect in destroying poplar trets by apply- ing il lo to the slump. Hon. Mr Cook, Irom B< ikshire, observed that Judge Buel recommended plowing in manures, and he and his neighbors had been induci d to lollow his insiruc- lions, and they had lo post heap, is, as far OS it can be obtained, the resid of the provision cask. This is lo he had at about price. The sail that has been used for sirevving oi surface, Ims been of course Hue bag salt. 3d. If there should be any puirid siibslances n with ihe sail, it would doubtless further pruiiiote vc lion, but this belongs to a different subject.] O"-^ meeting was recently held at Exeter, N. H the purpose of re-estahlisliing an Agriculiural Socie Rockingham Counly, and the preliminary sla|)s I fiir nfi'ei ling the desirable object. The proposed so we hope, will receive Ihe hearty supporl of llie lar of " Old Rockingham"— very many of whom, (tir their merits may not be noised abroad,) would ni Bucce'slul cultivators, suffer by comparison wilh brethren in other sections of New England. XXII, NO. 31 AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 247 Til ERMOM ETHICAL. Reported lor the New EnglanO Farmer. ^.)f ihe riiei moiiieter at the (i.irileiiof tlie proprietors New (England FArmer, Brighton, Mafls in » shatlvd ;rly exposure, for ilieweck ending Jan. 28. I 7 A.M. 12, M. I S.P.M. I Win-<. :(iHTON MARKKT.— Monday, Jan. 29, 1844. Reported Tor the N. E, Karmer. Market 300 Beef Cattle, 2100 Shocp and 40 ?, The fivvine were reported last week. CE3.— liecf Cattle. — A further advance was eflect- We quote a few extra $4 7.j a 5 00, first quality i .1 §4 50, second quality $4 00 a $4 25, third qiial- ! GO a $ 4 00. ■ep. — Former prices were hardly sustained for a iiality. We quote small lots from $1 50 to $2 00. ers from $2 50 to $3 75. ne. — No lots were sold to peddle. At retail from 1-2. tVIIOIiESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, weekly ■ ;D3. Herds Grass, $2 Sr^ to 2 C'2 per liushel. Red Top it) cents, (.'lover— Northern, IJ to 12c.— Southern, Id Kla-x Seed, Si 50 per hushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. y Seed, S2 73 per bushel. .YIN. The arrivals during the past week have hardly ■qual to the demand, and prices have in consequence nore firm, and for some parcels, an advance of two per bushel has been realised. n — Northern, new, liushel 00 to 00— Southern, round f, old, 00 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 49 a 50— ). white 47 a 00 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Barley 0 —Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. .Southern, C3 a 65 — Southern, 30 a 32— Northern do. 34 to 35 — Heans, per 1 1 00 a I 62,— Shorts, per double bush. 25 a 35- Bran, 3. OUR. About all the Genesee that could be bought at IS been taken within a day or two past, mostly by the rs,— sales reaching 4000 brls. Itimore, Howard Street, 4 mos.cr. «0 00 a 5 GO— do. ; SO 00 a 4 87- do. free of garlic, 44 37 a 5 00— Phila- ia do. 4 mos. S4 87 a 0 00 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 54 37 a 5 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00. irijelown, S5 00 a 5 25— Richmond Canal, S4 87 a 5 00 City,SJOOaiioo— Petersbargh.South side So 00 a 0 00 Country 31 87 a5 12 — Genesee, common, cash, S5 06 a ■ do laiicy brands S5 12 a 5 37 — Ohio via Canal, a 5 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 75 a 5 00. Rye, a 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 75 a 2 87. OVISIO.VS. We are not aware of any great change : market ; quotations, however, are barely supported. if— McBs 4 I'lo. new bbl. $7 25 a 7 50— Navy— So 50 a -No. 1, 6 00 -i 6 50— do Prime S3 00 a 5 50— Pork- clear 4 mo. bbl. 812 00 a 12 50— do Clear SI 1 50 a 12 00 (less, 9 60 a 10 00— do Prune $8 50 a 9 00— do Mess other States, — a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 argodo. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOU 00 a 00 00 — r, shipping, 12 a 14 — do store, uninspected, 0 a 00 — do I 14 cts. a 17— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6J a 7 —do I and Western, CJ a 7 — Hams, Boston, 0 a 0 — era and Western, 5 a 5i — Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, t — do new milk, 4t a 5^. JOfi. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- tion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, B per cent, a 1 All wbereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per 1. val. and 3 cts. per pound. e demand for Loth domestic and foreign is active, and of both descriptions have been made during the week II prices. The market is quite firm. me or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 41 c. — Amer- full blood, do 35 a 37— Do 3-4 do 32 a 35— Do. 1-2 do 29 a 30--1-4 and common do 25 a 2S — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do. unwashed, 9 a 13— Bengasi uo 6 al3— Saxony,! lean, UO — Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do. pickeil, 12 a 16 — Superfine Northirn pulled lamb 30 a 33— No. 1 do. do. do. 27 a 30 — No. 2 do Uo do 22 a 25— No. 3 do do do 15 a 13. HOPS. Duly 20 per cent. Small sales continue to be made for shipping and for con- sumpiion. l8t sort Mass. 1343, lb. 61 a 7 ; 2d do 4j a 5. 1642, 0. HAV, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern ScrewedSlo to 11. EGGS, 23 a 28. POULTRY. Turkies per lb. from 9 to I2cls.— Geese common 7 to 9--Bremen lu to 12— Chickens 6 to 10— Ducks 8 to 10. A FARM TO L.BT. A farm consisting of some four or five hundred acres of lanti, with a iarm house, two barns and other out buildings, will b'* let for a series of years, " on shares," 1'lic £o:l is nalurally good and easy tilled. It may be made highly pro- ductive, as by its localion any amount of luamirc may be made Iroiii sea weed, sea and marsh mud, and oiher ma- terials, which are found on the farm. It is silualed in ttie vicmily of the eastern termination of the Long Island bail Road, lour hours ride by the way of the Kail Road to New ^'ork ami six hours from Hoston. The person who applies for it must be a native American, an intelligent and enter- ]}r!sing farmer and a professed christian. No person neeil apply exccfit such as can bring unquestionable recom- mendations of his qualifications as are specified. For farther particulars apply to the editor of this paper, or by Idler, post paid, directed to JUDSON, ANDREWS it CO., Boston. Jan. i7th 1814. FRESH CiARDBN SEEDS. The subscribers are now receiving large supplies of Gar- den seeds Irom Europe, from their own Garden, and other sources. The following are included in the great number of varieties in their eslablishmeut, and which they oU'er at low prices, wholesale and retail. PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Improved Blue Imperial, Hills' Early, Woodford Dwarf Marrow, Early Dwarf, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, " Charllon, Knights' Dwarf, " Frame, Dwarf Marrowfats. " Warwick, Tall do. BEAN.S. Lima, Dwarf China, Saba, '■ Mohawk, Horticultural Pole, " Marrow, Red Cranberrj do. " Kidney, White do. " Case knife. Kidney Pole, " Six Weeks, &.c. CABBAGE. Long Late Drumhead, Early York, Late Sugar- loaf, ■' Battersea, Green Globe Savoy, " Vanack, Red Dutch, " Hope Low Dutch Cabbage, Early Sugar-loaf, With a great variety of other sorts. Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broccolis in varieties, Cu- cumbers, Melons, Squash, sweet Maorjrum, Sage, Summer- Savory, Thyme, Rma Baga, Turnips, more than tweniy fine sorts. Three hundred varieties of Flower Seeds, and every variety of Garden and Field seed, too numerous to mention. JOSEPH BRECK& CO. Boston, Dec. 12, 1813. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every descriplion of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable time to transplant many Trees and ^ I'lanls, and often times more convenient than in spniig. . We have as great a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, ti^uinces, Currauts, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. PUAIFKIN SEED -WANTED. The subscribers will pay a fair price for a few bushels of the " old fashioned yellow Pumpkin Seed," suitable for planting. JOSEPH BRECK & 00. Boslon, Nov. 23. OARDEN &. H.OWER SEEDS FROM LUSDON. We have received, by ihe Barque Huntress, from London, achoicc assoruiieui of GARDKN AND FLOWER SKEDS. We have also received the invoices of three oihcr shipments of Seeds ami Trees, which arc expected to arrive in the course of 30 days, which will eive us the largest and most choice collection of SliEDS AND TRF.ES ever offered by us. Our customers and friends arc requesteil to send in their orders. JOSEPH BSIiCK & CO. Boslon, Dec. 27lh, 1843. SUPF.RIOR SALT FOR THE DAIRY. For sale at the Grist Mill in Beach St., superior Jine Salt, ground from the very best of Bonaire and St Martin's Salt, and is decidedly the iiest and cheapest article for the Dairy and family use, being of nearly rlouble slrengih and much purer than the Liverpool salt. For sale bv A. SHIVER'ICK and HOWES & CROWELL, Boslon, Dec. 27. 3mo 30 Commercial wharf. POUDRETTE. Improvements of such a nature have been made in the manufacture of Poudrelle, by the Lodi Manufacturing Co., near the city of New York, as to warrant ilie opinion, that It IS the cheapest and best manure now known and in use. By experiments which have been made il has been proved that its fructifying powers have been greatly increased ; its operalion upon vegetable mailer quickened. Il will obviate the etfecls of severe drought and will retain its ftriilizinjy qualiiies much longer than any Poudrelle heretofore made. Il will ripen corn in 66 days, fit for use. Ihe price nill be re(/»rcf/ the fotlowiu'^ season, as follows. At the factory it will be sold in bulk, at the rate of 25 cents per bushel. Il will be delivered at any wharl or place in the city ol New York, free of cariagc and other expense, at the rate of S2 for I bbl. which contains 4 bushels ; S3 60 lor 2 barrels ; S3 for 3 barrels, and Sin, 50 lor 7 barrels, and al the rale of Si, 58 per barrel ior any larger rjuantity. Persons wishing the ar- ticle, will please give notice in due season, as the orders will be fulfilled in the order of time received. The Co. was in- corporaled in February, 1^40, for 30 years, by the Legislature of New Jersey. No liability to stocLhtdders beyond their subscription of SIOO per share. A few shares of what is called the " Reserved Stock," i^emain to be subscribed for, which the company guarantee shall pay a dividend of 50 bushels of Pitudretle a year on each share, as authorized by the charter. A pamphlet containing instructions for its use and all other necessary inlorniation, is in preparation and will be sent gratis soon alter the first of January next, lo any person applying for it, post paid. Agents have been, or will be appointed in most of the imporlant places in the Eastern and Northern States, to whom persons may give orders. Where there is no agent, please tlirecl '"to ih« President of the Lodi Manufacturing Co., No. 43 Liberty street, New York," and il shall receive immediate attention. The reader will please refer lo the letter of Mr. Kentish, pub- lished in this paper to day, December 20, 1843. GARDEN SEEDS! GARDEN SEEDS! I The subscribers are now receiving their fall supply of Gar- den, Grass and Field Seeds of every descriplion, and would respectfully recommend to their customers and the public to send in their orders as early as possible, to secure a supply from their choicest lots. Their stocit of Seeds for this season will be very full and complete, and most of the varieties being raised under their own inspection, they can confidently recommend them as be- ing pure and of ihe first qualitits. Among them are Long Blood Beet, Rula Baga, Early Turnip do. Long Orange Carrol, French Sugar do. Early Horn do. Mangel Wurtzel do. While Field do. Also, Cucumber and Cabbage Seeds of every variety ; Peas and Beans, of every kind ; which, together with a large supply of every kind of seed desirable for the field or garden, comprise the most complete and extensive assortment of Seeds to be found in any similar establishment in the coun- try. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. .Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 } Oct. 15, 1843. and 62 North Market Street, Boslon. POUDRETTE ! POUDRETTK I I Orders left at the New England .Seed Store, and at the factory in Brooklme, will meet with pnmipt attention For sale by J. BRECK & Co., 61 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. Oct 36. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROI.L.ERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved with a foot treader, is tound lo be a great improve- ment on the old mode ofbangine grindstones. Stones hung in this manner arc becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK & Co., No. 61 North Maikel street. •248 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JAN. 31, 184 MISCELLANEOUS "HOW SHALL I GROW RICH?" This qiipstion is one tliat most men have frequent- ly nsliod tlioinsulves, and one upon wliich a great deal of valuable time is wasted, in attempting to supply an answer more acjreeablo lo contemplate, and more easy to comply with than the true one. Th(! mechanic lays down his harnmor, the student liis book, the merchant his ledger and balance tihect, and the financier his inventory of stocks and bubbles, to ask, '' How shall I grow rich ?" The judgment of each prompts a ready and correct re- ply, but this tells of honest labor, unremittingly pursued, and the reflection becomes disagreeable. The profits of useful industry appear too slight, and arise too slowly to appease their desire for wealth, and they turn from the dictates of judgment to the fields of fancy, to discover a shorter and easier way to the object of their wishe?:. But how many succeed in the sudden acquisition of fortune with- out toil? And of those who do succeed, how many enjoy permanently what they have so rapidly ac(piiied ? Few, very few. The experience of all mankind teaches us that to grow rich and to rotain what we acquire, we must first become in- dustrious ; then temperate ; next frugal ; and, lastly, systematically just. The last is the most essential constituent of prosperity. It indeed com- preliends all the other elements of success. With- out it, even the most industrious, temperate and frugal will look in vain for wealth. Many honest men, who possess every otiicr cle- ment of success, fail in business because they do not reduce their honesty to a system. Although disposed to deal justly by their customers, they often miss their object, from the want of a correct standard of justice, and their errors and irregulari- ties eventually embarrass, if they do not put a stop to, their operations. Every man should at the coniiuencement of ills business, establish an uni- form system of buying and selling, as well as of accounts. The plan, of course, will be regulated in some measure by the nature of the business ; but the main feature must always be based upon the principle of rcci[)rocity, and if possible, of cash payments. Wlialcver you deal in, buy and sell at the lowest prices compatible with quality and fair profits ; and, lo do this, adopt the cash principle to the fullest admissible extent, and always keep your expenditures within your income. Ask no fivors, and be careful how you grant any. Be just to yourself and to others, for in this consists the tnie- est generosity. Give every man an equivalent for what you receive from him; but neither give nor receive less. In the strict adherence to these rules, lies all the art of growing wealthy ; in tlieir violation is the secret of almost every failure. Some men may complain of this system in others, and call you mean if you enforce it in your deal- ings with them ; but the opinion of such men is not to be valued. They always want your yard- stick to be four feet long, or your bushels to con- tain a bushel and a half when they come lo buy of you, and if you attempt to gratify their caprices, you must either do it at a loss lo yourself, or you must violate the principle of justice by giving to others less by the same amount as you give them more than they ought to receive. This standard of justice and rule of reciprocity are as necessary to the health and success of busi- ness, as the accuracy of weights and measures is to the adjustment of quantities. They beget confi- dence between men, and insure to hiin who ad- heres to them a larger, safer and more profitable trade than the most plausible and promising schemes of fraud and speculation can supply. Its opera- tions are slow and laborious at first, but its rewards are certain, durable, and satisfactory. Who, then, in asking himself "How shall I grow rich ?" can fail to perceive, or refuse to adopt, [ the reply of reason ? " Keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee," is a maxim as sound as it is vene- rable, and all the ingenuity of craft and the results of speculation cannot supply ils place or produce its parallel ; and if the shop be kept in the mode we have pointed out, few will have cause to com- plain of tlieir fortune when advanced in years, but numbers will be found to say, " Thus have I grown rich." — Dollar JVewspaptr. A Dutch Jldverllsemenl The Dutch are begin- ning to vie with the Americans in the article of original advertisements. A short time ago, one of Dutch manufacture came under our observation. Here it is, and let the reader judge of its merits for himself: ''Von Roorst died on the loth inst. He was the best of husbands, and his relict is in- consolable at her loss. Cod rest his soul in peace, is the earnest prayer of his deeply afflicted widow, who will, as usual, continue to supply her friend.i with the best articles in the grocery and clieese- mongery line, at the most reasonable terms!" — London Spectator. A writer of a love tale, in describing his heroine, says: " Innocence dwells in the rich curls of her dark hair." We should think it stood a pretty smart chance of being combed out- — Mail. A Southern paper elegantly styles the militia ■ our national fist." PATENT COKIV SHELLER. A Corn phellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that the practical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. It can he used in all cases for lurge or small sized ears. It is very simple in its construcliou, and durable in its operation, and no way liable to get out ot'order; oue man can work it to good advantage, though a man to turn, and a boy to feed it, W'-rks it much better thiin one alone. Tliey are so light and portnliie. as lo be easily removed from place lo place, and one machine will serve (or several families or even the in- babilants of a small town. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 Nortli Market Street JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGI Great improvements h.avp been made the past year form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould lias been so formed as to hii/ the furrow ronipleteh lurmvi^ in every partitle of grass or sluhble.and leavi ground tn the best possible manner. The lenotli i mould board has fit a very much increased, so th; 1 lough works with the greatest ease, both with resr the holding and the team. The Committee at the lai ol Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the PI we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps the inquirer. If your land is mostly light ami easy to try 1 routy & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard oi BEGIN WITH Ma. Howard's.'' At the above mentioned irial the Howard PKig more work, irilh the same pmner of team, than am/ plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenti and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, wh' Howard Plough turned twentmiine and one half ine the same power of team < All acknowledge that H.r 1 loughs are much the strongest and most substai made. ■There has been quite an improvement made on th( or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed w having to furnish a new landside: ihis shoe likewise s the mould board and landside together, and strenglhe Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to St 5. A P sufficieiil for breaking lip with four cattle, will cost Sio 60, and Willi cutter Si, with wheel and cutler, e.Ntra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and re the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 51 & 52 North Markei Street, by JOSKPH BRECK & ( WILLIS'S LATEST 1.1IPROVED VEGETABLE CITTER. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 62 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- lest Improved Vegetable Culler. This macnine surpasses all others for the purpose ol Culling Ruta Baga, Mangel Wurlzel, and other roots. The great objection lo niber machines, is their cutting the roots inlo slices, which makes it almost imnossible lor the cattle lo gel hold of iheni : this machine wilh a little alleralion, cuts Ihem into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most convenienl for the cattle to eat. It will cut wilh ease from one i.o two bushels ol roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1 . DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Markei sl. GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CUTTER. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England At tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 andri2Norli kel Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Slraw, Ha Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical princijile nul applied to any implement for ihis purpose. The most incnt effects of this application, and some of the conse jieculiarilics of the machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power ren lo use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sufi to v/ork it efficiently. 2. With even ibis moderate power, it easilycutstwo els a minute, which is lull twice as last as has been cli by aay oilier machine even when worked by horse or ; power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whici cut, require sharpening less often than those of any straw culler. 4. The machine is simple inits construction, made ai together very strongly. Il is therefore not so liable ; complicated machines in general use lo get out of on LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for te the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & C HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price %l. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price C24 cts. ^Feb. IS. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year tn advance, or fS 50 ifnol within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frai subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, wio expense to subscribers. TVTT1.E AND DENNETT, PKINTEKSt SI School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH M.4.RKET STOEET, (Agrichltubal Wabehoose.) (I.. x\n.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 7, 1844. [NO. 38. N. E. FARMER. horse was ecpial to his value ; thut a linrse at four years old, would not often brini; more than his cost ; thai two mules could be raised at less expense than one horse ; is fit for service earlier, and if of suffi- cient size, will perform as much labor; and if at- tended to when first put to work, his gait and hab- its may be formed to suit the owner." Mr Pomeroy, wlio used them near Boston for .30 years, and to such an extent as to have had more labor performed by them probably ihnn any person in New Kn.'lnnd, says : " I am convinced the email breed of mules will consume less in proportion to the labor they are capable of performincr, than the larger race, but I From the AmericaD Agriculturist. ULES FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES. The great value of mules, for agricultural and onomisal purposes, has long been known and nerally acknowledged. By those who have giv. them a thorough trial, their decided superiority horses is universally conceded. In his best estate, this despised hybrid has not 3 finene.ss, symmetry, elegance, and commanding tion and appearance of the well-bred horse; and the New England States, whore they were first .reduced, to any extent, they were the offspring '\ shall confine myself to the latter in my comparison, such worthless progenitors on both sides, that it ,such as stand 14 12 to 16 hands, and are capable 48 no wonder they never became general favor- of perlbrming any work a horse is usually put to. (8. They were first bred almost exclusively as article of comnicrcf. Ttie market for them was und in the West India islands, where a just 3te or discrimination did not exist. * * They ;re tolerated only as an article of profit, and len the markets, first in the West Indies, and terward in the Southern States, were cut off, ey were at once unceremoniously struck from the It of northern stock. It is from a desire for the more general introduo- )n of of this valuable animal on the farms through- it our Northern States, that I shall submit the ■liowing brief summary of facts in their favor, ot having much personal experience of their good jalities, I must draw somewhat from the experi- ice of others. S. W. Pomeroy, Esq., of Massa- Froin repeated experiments, I found that three mules of this description, which were constantly at work, consumed about the same quantity of hay, and only one-fourth the provender which was given to two middling size coach-horses, only moderately worked. I am satisfied a large sized mule will not consume more than three-filths to two-thirds the food to keep him in good order, that will be nec- essary for a horse performing the same labor. "The expense of shoeing a mule the year round, does not exceed one-third that of the horse, his hoofs being harder, more horny, and so slow m their growth, that shoes require no removal, and hold on till worn out; and the wear, from the lightness of the animal, is much less. " Mules have been lost by feeding on cut straw and corn menl ; in no other instance have 1 known lusetts, wrote a prize essay on mules, in 1825, hic-h is altogether the most comprehensive, yet disease in them, except by inflammation of the in- Dndensed an^d practical article on the subject I ' lestines, caused by the grossest exposure to cold ave seen, and from this I shall take the liberty of and wet, and excessive drinking of cold water, af. laking some extracts. There is no doulit that the value of the mule, ke that of every other animal, depends almost ex- lusively on that of his sire and dain. No good jal can be relied on, except from choice parents. Gen. Washington had a Maltese jack sent him rom Marseilles, by La Fayette, in 1787, which reduced for him a valuable race of mules ; and rom him and a Spanish jennet, a present from the ing of Spain, he bred Compound, a famous stock- ;etter. From these two jacks, were bred some of he best mules the country at that time afforded. Jeneral Washington used his best coach-mares for his purpose, and his judgment in this practice was hown by the result. After his decease, eight of lis mules sold for upward of .$1000. G. W. P. 3ustis, Esq., who inherited some of this stock, lays: " As to my opinion of the value of mules, I ihall always appear extravagant. I have scarce a ter severe labor, and while in a state of perspira- tion. "The mule is more steady in his draught, and less likely to waste his strength than the horse, hence more suitable to work with oxen, and as he walks faster, will habituate tliom to a faster gait. In plowing among crops, his feet being small, and following each other so much more in a line, he seldom treads down the ridges or crops. The fa- cility of instructing him to obey implicitly the voice of the driver, is astonishing. The best plow, ed tillage land I ever saw, I have had performed by two mules tandem, without reins or driver. "The longevity of a mule is so proverbial, that a purchaser seldom inquires his age. Pliny men- tions one 80 years old ; and Dr. Rees, two in Eng- land that reached the age of 70. I saw one per- forming his labor in a cane-mill in the West In- des, which the owner assured me was forty y estate for agricultural purposes, nor l years old. I have now a mare-mule 2.') years old, lorse on m i»ould I accept of one as a gift. Mules live longer uid eat less; and by their strength, patient endu- rance of slender pasturage, privation, and hardship, ire better suited to our use than any other animal :ould possibly be." This opinion is strongly cor- roborated by the report of a highly intelligent ag- ricultural committee in South Carolina, in 1624; which said, "the annual expense of keeping a mules that worked liO years, after which they were sold to a carter in the city, and performed hard service for several years longer. Mules are not subject to the glanders, heaves, yellow water, and colic, like horses ; and seldom are afflicted with spavin, ring-bone, or liota, and they will not foun- der." Mr Skinner mentions riding with General Shel. by, of Kentucky, with a pair of mules in harness, eight miles within the hour, without the use of the whip. Gen. Shelby says he "has known mules to travel 10 miles within the hour in light harness, and has himself driven a pair 40 miles in six hours, stopping an hour by the way." To the foregoing testimony, I may add that of the late Judge Hinckley, of Northampton, Mass.; a shrewd and close observer throuffh a long life, reaching to 84 years. He bred mules at an early day, and always kept a team of them for his farm work, much preferring them to horses for this pur- pose, after an experience of 50 years. He had a pair nearly 30 years old, which, on light pasturage in summer, and with a moderate supply of hay and very little grain in winter, performed all the drudg- ery, though he kept his stable full of horses besides. They outlived several successive generations of horses, and though the latter were often sick and out of condition, the mules never were. This pair once took two of us on a fancy drive of some 40 miles, which they easily performed in half a day, although attuched to a heavy clumsy vehicle. One from the stock of Judge Hinckley, 45 years old, was sold for the same price paid for a lot of young mules, he being, at that mature age, perfectly able to perforin his full share of labor. To sum up the advantages of working mules over horses, we shall have as advantage — 1. '1 hey are more easily, surely, and cheaply raised. 2 They are kept, after commencing work, for about half the cost of keeping horses. 3. They arc not subject to many of the diseases of the horse, and to others only in a mitigated de- gree, and even these are easily cured in the mnle. 4. They attain an age twice as great, and his average working age Is probably three times that of the horse. We shall not hero go into the estimate of the value of oxen as compared either with horses or mules, but content ourselves with saying, that the strictest economy requires that a spirited, intelli- gent, vigorous, muscular animal, like the pure North Devon, or Hereford, or native New England ox, ought to be substituted for both the mule and horse, wherever the latitude and labor will admit of their employment to advantage. Buffalo, Dec. Vith, 1843. R. L. Allen. that I have had in constant work for 21 years. She has often within a year taken a ton weight in a wagon to Boston, 5 milef, and manifests no iliininu- tion of her powers. A neighbor has one 28 years old, which he would not exchange for any horse in the country." A correspondent of the Baltimore Patriot, as- serts that " Col. John E. Howard had a pair of The most aggravated wounds of domestic ani- mals, it is said, are easily cured with a portion of the yolk of eggs mixed with spirits of turpentine. There ore 260 lawyers, 180 physicians, and clergymen in the city of Boston. 250 NEW ENGLAND FARMER FEB. 7, 1844. FOURTH AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE— Jan. SO. The suliject under discussion was " The Man- ngeineut of Slock, as relates to the general care and feeding." Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr. occupied tlie chair. The meeting was not so fully attended as were the [irevious ones, occasioned, no doubt, liy the very severe weather. Mr Cole, of the Cultivator, commenced the dis- cussion, and occupied about thirty minutes. His remarks opened a wide field, embracing many sub- jects which would aflord abundant matter for many evenings' consideration. He considered the sub- ject a fruitful one, and could only glance at some few particidars connected with it. And first, of neat stock. The ox, he thought of more impor- tance to the farmer than any other animal ; he was far more useful and necessary than the horse, notwithstanding he is not so swift. The horse bet- ter subserved the pleasure of man, but the ox was valuable for his great strength, as well as for other good properties in which the horse is deficient. One great objection to the ox was his slow tnove- ment, which he thought might be in a measure as- cribed to his training : that he miglit be educated to travel much faster. In England, and in this country, the ox was accustomed to travel very slow ; but in Africa he would move at the rate of from three to five miles per hour, with ease. He was also very sagacious, and could be trained like a shepherd's dog. He then spoke of raising calves, in which he had some experience. He said it was the general prac- tice to let thetn suck until the time of weaning, but he thought it better to feed them with porridge made with skimmed milk thickened vvitli Indian meal, which he thought better than new milk. On weaning calves that are permitted to suck the cow, they are ajit to fall nfl^, and do not recover till fall ; but when fed on porridge, the change to grass does not aflfect them so injuriously. They should be fed ivith clover and grass as soon as they are dis- jiosed to eat green food. In some few cases, calves thus treated might be troubled with the scours, but this would be cured or i)revented by giving them fresh earth, lime or chalk ; rennet was also very good, when put in their food. Some make use of i'ood made of flaxsee0t to bring Guano from the rocky islands on the west coast of Africa. If it he true that guano only dispenses its virtues where there is little or no rain, the speculation is like to be a losing one. — London pap. From the Albany Cullivalor. THE CARROT. Messrs Gaylord if Tucker — The improvements in the ancient and honorable art of agriculture in New England, within the last ([uarter of a century, are truly obvious, and particularly for the last few years it has become a subject of interesting con- templation to every lover of his country. Though the writer is desirous to contribute his mite to the laudable object of the pursuit of agri- cultme, it is because it is so intimately connected with the interest and well being of his country and the community. Within the last iew years the cultivation of the carrot has engrossed a great- er share of his attention than that of any other vegetable. If then the few ideas which are hastily thrown together upon this subject, shall ultimately lead to the best method ol cultivating this valuable and nutritious root, he will be richly rewarded for whatever pains he may have taken in observing and superintending its growth. We are satisfied from experience llial this plant may bo brought to great perfection in any part of New England, and with suitable attention will abundantly remunerate the husbandman for all his necessary care and la- bor. Were our farmer.') who keep a large slock, lo devote a spare acre to the cultivation of this root, we make no doubt they will at the harvest, find them.-clves in possession of a large store of feed, of valuable and rare qualities for sheep, hor- ses, and cattle, which will Siive largely of hay and other fodder, in times of scarcity of such crops. The three varieties of carrot that constitute the subject of these observations, and the long yellow, the large field, and the Altringham white. Scarce- ly any vegetable during its growth presents a richer appearance than the carrot, whether wc contem- plate the young plant or the mature root. Hence it may be said in truth, to be an ornamental as well as profitable crop. For the table, the long yellow is preferable. Its surface is smooth and fibre very compact. In pro- portion to its size, it doubtless yields the greatest amount of nutriment. Next to this is the largo field variety, on which the horse feeds and thrives well, and it gives lo the hair a peculiar smooth and glossy appearance. This root is short and rough, often sending off large radicles or branches of roots. When it grows luxuriantly, it is fre- quently hollow at the upper part. It yields a lar- ger crop than the former, but is better adapted to stock than the table. The Altringham white is a long beautiful root, much less nutritious than either of the other varieties, and resembles some of the finest specimens of the long while turnip. It is a hardy plant, requiring less care in i ts cultivation than the other varieties. Stock feed and thrive well upon it. The soil best adapted to the carrot, is a deep rich loam, free from gravel or sand. If it be too adhesive or lumpy, ashes or lime may be mixed with it. If manure be used, it should be entirely decomposed or rolled, and intimately mixed with the earth. The ground should be plowed or spa- ded fine and deep, the whole being made mellow. The seed should be planted early in April, in drills not less than 22 inches apart. When the plants spring up, they should be early freed from weeds and the earth loosened around them. The feeble plants should be pulled, leaving only the most hardy ones. At the second weeding they should be thinned again, leaving the most healthy to grow, and thus continue, leaving the most thrif- ty ones not less than 20 inches apart, so as to give large room for the tops. In this manner, the wri- ter has raised the yellow carrot no less than seven inches through, and at the rale probably of COO or 700 bushels to the acre. Middktown, Ct., Dec. 23, 1843. Several persons in Yai'mouth, in this State, have been severely poisoned by sitting in a room where peat was burning, supposed lo have in it the roots of ivy or dogwood. — .Vnit. Leave the bucket of your neighbor from whoso well you draw, half full of water — the ice in the morning will remind him of your visit, without leaving your card. " I can't imagine," said Alderman A , " why rny whiskers turn grey so much sooner than my head." " Because," observed a wag, " you work 80 much more with your jatcs than wiih your brains.'' 2A2 NEW ENGLAND FARMER FEB. 7, 1844. From the Nalioiial Irilelli Jencer. A NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL INSTI- TUTK. Believing that a Notional Afrriculfural Institute nnd Pallern Farm in the neighborhood of VVash- inylon, if so organized and conducted as to teacli alike the science, the practice, nnd the profits of good husbandry, would be productive of incalcula- ble benefits to the whole country, I trust the edi- tors of the National Intelligencer will give pub- licity to the following suggestions, designed to ad- vance the most important branch of productive industry in the United States. It may be snt'ely assumed that there is now ex- tant a large amount of useful knowledge apper- taining to every department of rural economy, which unfortunately, is confined to a very few, and therefore comparatively of very little value to the great mass of those engaged in rural pursuits. If a fair portion of this truly practical knowledge were generally diffused among all the tillers of the earth, it would double the profits, if not the products of American agriculture. Increase the annual returns from the land and labor now devo- ted to rural employments, but ten per cent, and you will add over one hundred millions of dollars to the annual income of the American people. Aug- ment the yield of the winter wheat now on the ground only ten per cent., by giving to the plant a cheap but full supply of those elements which im- part strength to its body and a large developement to its seed, and you will double our surplus bread- Bluffs for the cvport of the next season. The transportation of this surplus to market will add injmediately to the business and much-needed rev- enue of all our intenal improvements, and give an auspicious impulse to our manufacturing, mercan- tile, and commercial enterprise. Teach the corn- growers of this land of maize how to harvest only twenty per cent, more — which can easily be done — than they now do from the same land and labor, and you will secure to them and to the community a clear gain of 80,000,000 busliols of corn. It is well known to bo practicable so to change the organic structure and functions of the pig, of which there are millions in the country, that one animal will, from a given amount of food, yield to its owner twice as much flesh and fat as another. Transform, to the best advantage, the above named 80,000,000 bushels of corn into pork, beef, lard, oil, stearine, &c., and it will load thousands of railroad cars, canal boats, and vessels to foreign consumers. According to the census returns of 1840, our twenty millions of sheep gave less than two pounds of wool per head. If we make, as we can, all the other functions of this aniftial co-op.;rate withtlio.ie organs that elaborate wool — if we stimulate the latter to the active secretion of this important pro- duct, by giving the sheep such food as contains a large portion of the elements of wool, it has heen found practicable to clip eight or ten pounds as the return from the same value of raw material, which, under other circumstances, would give only two pounds. It requires, however, several genera- tions to effoct these important organic changes, al- though much can be done in the way of improve- ment during the lifetime of each individual. How few practical farmers know how to make or to perpetuate these organic changes in the structure and functions of their domestic animals, which arc alike practicable in all their cultivated on Its way plants. Not knowing by what circumstances and elements tliese favorable changes are produced, the great mass of American agriculturists are equally incapable of preventing deterioration, to which the highly artificial condition of both their plants and animals render theui extremely prone. Hence is deduced the momentous truth, that prac- tical science, universally diffused among all our rural population, is indispensable to maintain the improvements in any branch of Iiiisbandry which science has already achieved. The knowledge of the few, no matter liow profound, con never com- pensate for the ignorance of the many. The im- portant fiict is too little heeded, that all men have minds which need intellectual food and develope- ment, as well as physical wants which must be provided for. As a people, we lack not capital, but knowledge — sound, practical knowledge — that we may avail ourselves of all the legitimate and abundant advantages placed within our reach by the benevolent Author of our being. Nothing is more common, even in this new and sparsely settled country, than to see fields badly exhausted by improper tillage. Unless the food of vegetables derived from the soil be dissolved in water, it can hardly enter the minute pores of their roots, and form a portion of their circulating nour- ishment. If this food, however, be at all times soluble in water, every rain that falls will dissolve it, and wasli it away into rivulets, or carry it deep into the earth beyond the roots of growing, if not starving plants. The needless loss from the pre- mature solution of ill-prepared manures, and the leaching or the soil when stirred up and made light by the use of the plow or the lioe, is many millions a year. Vegetable food' should be so prepared, as far as practicable, as to encounter both the frosts and snows of winter and the heat and rain of sum- mer without loss, and yet yield readily to the de- composing influence of vegetable life. Nothing short of this can maintain the fertility of all culti- vated lands. It is to practical science that our farmers, and all others w!io happen to have mouths that require three meals in every twentyfour hours, and backs that need to be clad in wool and cotton, must look for a remedy for this increasing sterility of the soil, and a thousand other evils to which no allusion can be made. In what way can this invaluable knowledge be brought home to the fireside and understanding of every husbandman in this broad republic ? I an- swer, in part by tlie efficient aid of a National Ag- ricultural Institute and Pattern Farm, near the capital of the nation. The plan of that at Brig- non, near Paris, {whicli has been eminently suc- cessful,) with slight variations, might be adopted with advantage. Tlio French Institute was estab- lished in 182'J, on a domain of over fourteen hun- dred acres, and by using on old palace for college buildings. Since it was founded, the crop of wheat annually grown in the kingdom, has been increased, according to official reports, over one hundred million bushels. It is under the direc- tion of 11 company of business men, and so managed OS to be profitable slock. A National Institute should have several young gentlemen as pupils from every Coni^ressional dis- trict in the Union. '1 hose once thoroughly edu- cated, would return and engraft, as far as desira- ble, the science of rural economy upon every lite- rary institution in the country. By the aid of model farms in every county, public lectures, and the cordial support of the whole intelligence and virtue of the community, these public benefactoi would be able to scatter broadcast the good see of a sound practical knowledge of the iinniutab' laws of Nature over the whole length and breadt of the nation. What belter use can be made of the ampl funds given to the Federal Government by th Smithsonian bequest than to qualify six hundred ( a thousand young genlleuien, every three years, I carry home to every man's door in this great a^r cultural republic, a knowledge of all the improvi ments made in practical husbandry by the exper cnce and study of the whole world .' The cult) valors of the soil have this matter in their ow hands. If they will only speak to their public se vants in Congress, this iniportant object can b promptly secured. The gam to the whole countr will be not only incalculable in amount, but as un versal as the first wants of our common natun and as enduring as the immortal mind. Will not the friends of human elevation, th friends of agricultural improvement, unite with mi and send up hundreds of petitions to Congress asking the representatives of a rural population t establish an Agricultural Institute and Patter Farm, near the capital of the nation, and thereb open a perennial lountain of knowledge, whos thousand rills shall fertilize at once and forevc the whole intellect and the whole cultivated soil c this young and rising republic.' How many mi lions have been expended from the National trea sury, or otherwise taken from the pockets of th people, for the benefit of commerce and manufac tures ? Is the great interest of agriculture alon unworthy of public regard ? Will not the keen sighted and patriotic press of the whole countr speak out upon a question of equal benefit to a parties, and therefore alike worthy of their earnes support.' DANIEL LEE. Buff-alo, Dec. 14, 1843. DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES. Section Fourth. Of the Action of Mould- in Cattle Dung. Here, then, we have cattle dung with its severa ingredients spread out before us. We have now to study its action. We neec here consider only the salts and mould. The wa ter is only water, and has no other action than wa ter. The mould includes the hay, for that has, bi chewing, and the action of the beast's stomach lost so much of its character, that, mingled witi the slime and bile, &c., it more rapidly decays thai ay would, placed in similar circumstances fresh During this act of decay, as you have already learned, the volatile parts of the mould are given off in part. These escape as in burning wood, at water or steam, carbonic acid, and ammonia. Ir consequence of this slow mouldering fire or decay the manure heats. Here, then, we have three very decided and important actions (iroduced by the vegetable part, or mould of cattle dung. First carbonic acid is given off; second, ammonia is formed ; third, heat is produced. Let us now con- sider each of those, and their efl^ects. First, the great action of the carbonic acid is upon the soil, its earthy parts. It has the same action on these, that air, rain, frost, have ; it di- vides and reduces them. It not only reduces them to powder, but it extracts from the earth pot- ash and the alkalies. This is a very important act, iL.. xvii. NO. ."ja. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 253 lows why it i.i necessary that decay or fer- tion should take place in and under the soil r sproutinu; seeds and growing roots, in order ley may obtain from the soil, the salts they well-rotted manure contains abundance of salts, ready formed in its mould, then there e less necessity of this action of carbonic But here again it must be remembered, that abundance of salts, ready formed in mould, e produced only at the expense of great loss mentation of real valuable parts. For, ••ondly, the next groat action of the mould of dung is, to produce or form ammonia. This a threefold part : its first action is, to render ould more soluble ; this action it possesses umnn with the fixed alkalies, potash and soda, le alkalies put a large, bnt undefined portion uld, into a state fit to become food for plants, econd action of ammonia is this, it hastens It is the bellows, we may say, kindling the nouldering fire. The third action of amino- s, to combine with any tree acids, such as ar, or even an acid funned of mould itself, pecially with aquafortis, or nitric acid, which heat. Little need be said upon this. That a slight degree of heat hastens the sprouting of seeds, yon well know. 'I'hat different manures produce different degrees of heat ; that some are hot, some cold, you well know, and adapt your seed and ma- nure to eaeh other. The degree of heat depends upon the rapidity with which decay occurs. And this is affected by the quantity of ammonia which each manure can afford. The great point to which your attention should be directed, when consider- ing the power of mouldering to produce heat is, that it shall not go so far as to burn up your ma- nure, just as hay will heat and take fire. (To be continued.) [From the Louisville Journal] LUCERNE. We hope that the following article, written by one of the best and most experienced farmers in the country, will induce many to sow lucerne. On the proper soil there is no doubl of the success. The sandy Ohio bottoms are all admirably suited to it. Let the reader remember that it should be soiled," thit is, cut and fed to the cattle. The ,vays produced where animal or vegetable I soiling system is an admirable one in the vicinity of cities and on all small farms. On such situa- tions no hoof should ever touch a clover field ; even the hogs should be kept up throughout the whole year. Lucerne. — Bred a farmer in Scotland, I have, since my sojourn in this country, habitually been casting an eye to the crops raised, their culture, the capabilities of the soil, and the advantages of the climate, and I have been a little surprised that I never met with lucerne. It is true my lot has denied me the opportunities of seeing the best cul- tivated districts in the United States, yet it is lit- tle noticed in your agricultural papers, and exten- sive as has been the rural information in your Journal, I recollect but a solitary instance of its presence. I had not been lung here until I was of opinion that this plant or grass is suited to the soil or cli- mate and admirably calculated to fill up the defi- ciency thai frequently occurs in the supply of green food, in the early part of summer, and also in the hot and often severe droughts of July and August. I immediately tested it and found I was right; it was on too small a scale to attract any notice, but sufficient to confirm my opinion. Lucerne is deep rooted and delights in light friable soils, and is not soon injured by drought. As far as I have seen, it is the most early of the soiling grasses, and will eat throe times in one season. It Is the most nourishing food to bo given an animal as well as the most healthful — hence its botanical name, and as it keeps in the ground for a great number of years, by saving the expense of frequent renewals, ought to be more a favorite with the American far- mers. I will state a few facts in support of these views, requesting yon to keep in mind they are from actual observation while in Scotland. Mr Guthrie, at Porto Hello, a handsome sea- bathing town on the London road from Edinburg, and two miles from the latter city, had a field of two acres of light sand upon tough blue clay. He burnt brick extensively, excavating the clay to a great depth. The surlace of the unbroken part of the field was in lucerne, and, when it first came rs decay. This is a highly important fart, esult of this action, the production of ammo- id aquafortis during the formation of mould, it a kind of saltpetre is thereby produced. is, the ammonia and aquafortis unite, and a salt, with properties similar to saltpetre. ro want the first and second action of ainmo- lO occur, before the third takes place. der now, reader, whether a more more beau- ind effectual way can be devised to hasten :, and render mould more fit for nourishing 3, than this which nature has provided. The jnia is volatile. It remains, not like potash loda, where it is put, incapable of moving un- dissolved by water ; but ammonia, like steam, ides every part. It Is as expansive as steam, ed up by the slow mouldering fire of decay, ncirates the whole mass of mould. It does ork there. What is that work ? It has al- I been told. But, if it finds no acid to com- with, it then unites with the mould itself. It sorbed by it. The mould holds il fast ; it s it up against the lime when growing plants need it. Now it is only where the abundance niiionia produced satisfies these actions of has- ig decay, making mould soluble, and filling its I without combining with it, that the forina- of saltpetre takes place. So where animal ers, which are the great source of ammonia, y, there we may expect all these actions to r. ow important, then, is that action of nioulder- which produces ammonia. If, reader, you will ct upon the consequences of this action, you at once see, that if the mould is in too small a itity to retain the ammonia, it may escape. If , wasty exposure, you allow your mould to dis- te itself in air, as it certainly will, you not only r the loss of that part of the mould, but you nish at the same time, the chance of keeping aiiimunia which has been formed. No doubt :atlle dung exposed to air, forms more ammo- Ihan it can retain. Hence the necessity and reason of forming composts with this substance, eep what you have got, and catch what you i" must never be lost sight of in manure, ^he third action of mould is, the production of so lu.Yuriant was its growth and so effectually did it cover and occupy the soil that this was little re- quired. I know It at thirteen years from planting; by this time the brick-yard had so encroached on the lucerne that there was little more than half an acre left, yet this was suflici>nt for the summer support of. a pair of hard-wrought horses without any other fond ; and that gentleman's servant of- ten wished for the time when he could take his horses from hay and oats, thai they might fatten on lucerne. Mr Gardner, (a gardener,) at the ancient village of Restabrig, had a quarter of an acre (which kept his horse) cultivated in the same way as that of his neighbor, Mr Guthrie, and with the same suc- cess. And Mr Henderson, an eminent nursery- man, in the same vicinity, had an acre sown hrond. east which bore luxuriant crops. These, though on small scales ; were so successful as to induce Mr Oliver, of Lochend, well known to the readers of your Journal, to sow several acres. I saw Mr. Oliver's four acres planted, it was then thriving finely and sold at high prices to the cow-keepers and carters of the city. Mr Oliver irrigated a por- tion of his crop with liquid manure procured from a large dairy establishment in his neighborhood, with great success. The mode of culture was to completely pulverize the soil by repeated and deep ploughings, and free it from weeds, and drill it a foot apart, using from eight to ten pounds of seed per acre ; the young plants occupied two to three inches of this surface, leaving nine to ten. The Dutch hoe, nine inches in the face, is pushed along this interval several times while the plants are young, and when grown, after every cutting. If sown in March, it will cut once that season. If sown in the fall, a full crop may be expected next year. Mr Oliver's soil is sandy loam on poor land. For two successive years I kept a hard-working horse solely on lucerne from the middle of May to November, but without knowing from how much land, as other stock were feeding at the same time. After forty-six years experience, I have the convic- tion that it is the best food for milch cows and work horses that has come under my notice, and the reason it is not more cultivated in Scotland, I believe, is, that the spots favorable to its growth are few and far between. The first time I saw lu- cerne growing was in a cottager's garden at Stan- well, in Middlesex, England. On a spot not much larger than a bcd-quilt where he kept his pig. His plants were raised in a nursery and set out in single plants at foot intervals. Transplanting is recommended by some, as the breaking of the top root forces latcrvals more likely to find food espe- cially on thin soils. I sowed in 1834 four rows across a bed fifteen yards wide in the Borthard garden at Shippingport, near Louisville, which was the experiment nienlioiiod in the beginning of this communication and cut a heavy crop in April. It may be still there — I cut it six years. P. MR COLMAN'S TOUR. Our readers will regret to learn that the publi- cation of the first part of Mr Colman's European 'I'our has been delayed by an accident which befel him, and from which he came near losing his life. While visiting a farm near London, early in De- cember, on horseback, he was thrown from his horse and so severely injured as to unfit him for under iny notice, had been so fo'r'a'number of i '"«"'*' "' pliysical exertion for a considerable pe- years. It was planted in drills one foot apart and \ "°^- ^t the last dates, he had nearly recovered, was hoed between when needful in the spring, but ' o 51 NEW ENGLAND FARMER FEB. 7, 1S4^ A.M> HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited 1>y Josepli Bi-ecli. BosTon, VVednksday, Feb. 7, 1844. FOURTH AGRICULTURAL .MKETING AT THE STATE HOUSE. (Conlinutid from page 251.) Jlr Stone, of Beverly, remarked that it was n settled axiom now since the science of agriculture was more understood, that no man could be a jrood farmer who did not keep ii plenty of stock ; for, without stock, there could he no manure, and without manure there cituld be no crop ; and if hut little produce, ilie receipts must jiece^sirilv be small. He llionglit it i dvisahle for everv farmer to keep more stork than tfiev generally do. Of the variety of stock to he kept on a place, every farmer must he lijs f.wn judge ; a lair proportion, however, he thought should be swine, 'i he fashions were continu- ally changing All abstinence from labor v< as formerly considered by some, as a criterion of a gentleman. Dr. Franklin's negro servaitt remarked, alter his return from England wiih his master, that *' the hog was the only gentleman there ; for m-tn worke, horse v/orke, tlie ox worke — all worke but the h"g ; he eal, he drink, he sleep — he no worke ; lie lib like a gentleman." Mr Stone remarked that there was a great improvement in swine ns «eli as in men since that lime. It was now no mark of a gentleman lo be idle, and the same feeling seemed to be infused into ihe swine, as they did their part of the farm work, and their services were highly useful and important as agents in decomposing manures. He thought it was belter to have water from a runninc stream brought into the barn-yard for the benefit of the calile, than to l-e oblii-ed to keen Ihe boys from school lo drive them to the brook. When cattle do nut have access to water in the yard, they will oftentimes drink so tnuch as lo injure them when driven to it after long abstinence. He fecoinmended lo put hot water in the watering tub in very cold weather for milch cows, to lake the chill from the water. As to food for cattle, they were (ond of a variety ; should have corn-fodder, roots, hay, &c.. New luilcli cows should be learned lo drink swill from the kitchen : that in his experience it greatly increased the milk, and was inure profitable for them logive the swine. As to raising calves, he coin- cided with niucli ihat had been staled, but in his neigh- borhood ihey have a value fur the market. Good veal was an iinportant article, and the great object was to give it a delicate complexion and fine flavor, which was affected by the calves sucking tlie cow, and being tied up in a pen, and kept comfortable with siravv ; for if much exerci.sed by running; with the dam, the veal v^ill be red, tough, and iinsale;ihle. He remarked, that in case a farmer should lose one of his oxen, as is some- times the case, his mate could he trained to work single, like a horse. Hulls can also be trained in the same way, and answer all the [inrposes of a horse. He said carrots were much used in his neighborhood for horses; ihat they throve better with them than when fed on grain. Mr Smith, of South Hndley, thought Mr Stone's prac- tice of feeding on slops, better in theory than in practice, and asked the gentleman how large a family must a man have lo make slops for :i dozen cows.' He thought it would cost more than the milk was worth. As to raising calves, he 'bought there was some risk in feedinj with meal, for if loo much is given, they will scour. He lakes his calves from the cows at three days old. He feeds liiein three times a day with what is called bonny-clabber, or sour milk. He said a neigh- bor of his found it impossible at fir.st to make his calf drink this; but he determined he should drink it or starve. He made a second offer at iio-'U, but it was re- fused : at night, the calf was glad lo drink the whole, and it seemed as it he would lake p:iil and all. Calves should by all means be kept well ihe first year. He liked the plan of keeping Iheni with sheep, but they need belter food, ond should have a constant supply of waler, living water in tlie cow-yard. He had aqueducts which conveyed waler to his yard^ which saved him more than the interest of ^,500. He thought corn fodder was generally under-rated. He once kept a cow lor Ills hired man ; he' fed iier principally on corn-stover as he did his own cows, in the fore part of winicr- His man complained, and wanted her fed on good hay, to which he acceded, but after trying it awhile, the man found the quantity of milk diminishing, and desired his cow might be fed with corn-stover. His wishes were again gratified, and he soon lound the quantity and quality of his milk improving. As to salt for sheep, he said a lillle was good ; but he knew a man who lost three-fourths of his flock one win- ter in consequence of enting from a load of hay that had been made very salt in order to keep it from spoiling. The whole flock was affected. He at length recollected that this load of hay had received a large quantity of salt, and removed them from it only in season lo save one-fourth of his flock. " Mr Cole said thathe wished to explain, as it seemed thai he was not understood in regard to keeping cattle warm. He recommended a very warm barn, as a pro- tection against very severe cold, and when the weather was mild, the doors should be opened and the barn ven- tilated, thai the cattle might be supplied with pure air. As to following nature, there was not time lo discuss the subject. He would barely remark that if we allow nature to lake her course, we should reap a crop of weeds instead of <^rain. All our labors were to direct nalure. We cut down the hil's, and raise the valleys, build railroads, improving on nature." [Col. S. Jaques, of the Ten Hills Farm, Chailestown, next spoke on the subject before the meeting. His re- marks were highly interesting and important lo ihe far- mer. We took copious notes of what he said, for our paper, bnl fearincr we might not do him justice, we ro- quesied him lo give the substance of his speech in a communication, which lie has obligingly done, with some additional remarks, interesting, we think, to our readers. We have also procured an engraving to show the manner of blinding bulls, as described by him. See next page.] THE WEATHER— BOSTON HARBOR, &c. According to all accounts, the weather for the last fortnighl has been more severe than il lias for many years past. Some say we have not had so cold a month as January since 1784. The following note to the Cou- rier, will tell the story • To the Editor of the Courier : Some curiosity having been expressed to know the comparative temperature of ihe month closing, 1 send you the results of the Cambridge observations as far as 1 am iible at this moment to give them. Referring to Dr. Farrar's paper on the meteorology of Cambridge, I find that according to observaiions of Dr. Winlhrop, with " HawUesbee's thermometer reduced to Fahrenheit's scale, " the mean temperature of the month of January, from 174'2 to 1774, was 28'^..99 By Dr Williams'aobservations from 17S3 to 1788, the mean temperature of the month was 22°. .50 According to President Webber's and Prof. Far- rar's observations from 1790 to ISI2, the mean temperature was 24". .97 The coldest January was that of 1792 — the mean of the month being 17°..o. The warmest, 1S02— 33°. 5. The mean temperature of the month of January for the years, 1840, was 20''..20 41, " 27.. 87 42, " 27...10 43, " 28.. .45 44, " 15. .44 the Narrows — a distance of 3 miles — and it was ass thai " the Gut," at Point Shirley, where llie curre very rapid, was frozen so completely as to bear ; team— a circumstance said to be unknown to hav currcd within GO yeais. IVondcrJul Increase in the Fertility of a Soil.— A respondent of ihe Providence County Journal, n Dr. Jackson say at the third agricultural meeting a soil which had been manured with ashes alor pine barren— had increased in fertility " 300 per ci according to the analysis of Mr Mason and Dr. Jac The reporter made not a very small mistake : il si have been 3 per cent, gain of organic mailer. Transactions of the Essex Jlgricultural Societ 1643. — We are indebted lo Hon. Allen Dodge fo valuable report, for which he has our thanks. Mean of the five last Januaries, 23 .81 During January, 1844, the mean for the month at sunrise was IO^..i?0 At 9, A.M. 14. ...'is 3, P. M. 21.. 47 9, P. M. 15... 10 The thermometer was highest on the 17lh, at 3, P. M. 45 deg. Lowest, on the 12lh, atiunrise, 9 deg. below. Range, 54 deg. Cambridge Observatory, ) B. January 31, 1844. ) Boston harbor has been frozen over as far down as COL. JAQUES' REMARKS AT THE FOUl AGRICULTURAL MEETING. To the Eduor of the New England Former: Dear Sin — Agreeably to request, I herewith you the substance of the remarks made by me a Fourth Agricultural meeting in Boston, with some additional suggestions. SAMUEL JAQUE Ten Hills Farm, near Boston, Feb. 2, 1844. One great object of these Agricultural Meeting to interchange views and opinion, and thereby gai formation from each other, upon the great inleres Agriculture. I shall therefore, confine my ren mostly lo my own practice. On the subject of rearing calves, I difl^er some from the mode which had been presented by the tiemen who have preceded me. To make the mc my calves, I allow them lo suck the cow for the three or four months. Calves dropped in the Spri keep in the stable, the first summer, leading them ti cows morning and evening ; by this means I obtain ter forms, broader loins and hips, wiih fuller bos^ giving greater weight to the most valuable p^rts. about two months old, they would begin to eat hay drink water; and at four months, would f.-ed so \ that If then taken from the cow, and well fed, i would be very little, if any, falling ofl", in their cc lion. Bui if fed upon skim milk porridge, only, us i gentlemen slate, as being their practice, and turni pasture the first season, I think they are more incl 10 be narrow in their loins and hips, and become pol lied ; defects which they seldom wholly outgrow has been said that our neat slock have degeneraied wonder, if they have been brought up upon skim porridge. If there is no profit in keeping animals there is less in keeping them poor. In wintering si in our climate, Cows in milk, and oxen daily woi should have comfortable warm lodgings. Yearlingf two year olds, will sometimes do well to run out, u there are conveninl barn-yards, and sheds, with mai underneath, adjacent to the barn, with a door left c With this arrangement you will seldom find the mals in the stable. The same remark will apply ti Horse, whose limbs are badly swollen by hard driv giving what is called a winters run, and taken i ihe spring with proper treatment, has a remark good effect. Milch Cows should have a regular kind system of treatment in their management. ". should bo milked at stated times, and if convenill always by the same person. When milking is iI menced, it should be done with as much desfd 03 possible, consistent with mildness ; and be X \XU, NO. 33. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 25.5 |p until they ore cleanly milked. I prefer milk- : they have been fed and have dune eating, when e stable. Let no movement be madu to excite , or draw off their attention from yielding down milk; thin kind of treatment will add much to [uantity of milk. Good water, easy of access at all ins, is hiijlily important to most of our domestic als. For two or three of the first days after a cow 39, in cold weitlitr, 1 do not allow her to have any water. i give her water about milk warm, with a Iful of wheat bran to a pailful. For tho loss of ap- e of either horn caltle or horiios, I give what is !d a wnriii mash, niiido as follows; two quarts of two qu.'ins of tnalt, and two (piarts of wheat bran n a pail, well mixed, then pour scalding water moist, cover the pail with a cloth let it remain it is about milk warm, then give it. If for a having a cough, put in two t.»ble spoonfuHs of f. I have seldom known this mash fail of pro- ig the desired effect. Some care should be taken the animal does not take cold after taking the . If necessary three mashes may ho given, miss- ne day between each. In November last, I had a fine Cow, giving about twelve quarts of milk per very suddenly she dried up to two quarts per day ; Ijyes became dim, cars hung down, and she re- l to eat. I was at a loss to know the cause. I ght it might be the horn ail, or garget. 1 split the r part o( the end of her tail, took off an inch of one; put about a gill of spirits of turpentine in lollow, back of the horns and about the roots of lOrns, gave her half a pound of sulphur and half an 0 silt petre, put a piece of garget root in her dew- lear the bosom, as a rowell, and gave her a warm I. In a very few days she appeared perfectly well, jave her usual quantity of milk, iny lives have been lost by vicious Bulls, from a ; of knowledge in their management. They are averse to having their horns handled, as indeed do lorned animals, but particularly the. Bull ; their s being their weapons, they seem to consider it as ssauli, if you put your hands on them ; frequently ng your hand up and down under their throat to ■ bosom, appears very grateful to them. At the >{ about six months, every Bull kept to breed from. Id have a ring put into his nose. This may be y done by making him fast in a stall, so that he be approached in front; take a strong rope, and he cenlrc form a clove-hitch, throw it over his s, drawing tight; take one part of the rope, and a half-hitch round his nose, drawing that light then make the end fast to the right, a little in front e animal, pursue tho same course with the other of tlie rope, making it fast to the left, in tho same ler ; thus you have the Bull perfectly secure for ng. Have a pointed iron bolt about one inch in mference, in the form of a marlin spike, very ) at the point ; take the Bull by the nose with your hand, with your thumb and finger, you will find een the nostrils where there is little or no gristle, the point of your bolt through this part, making hole a little larger than the ring.* The ring is I with a tenon and mortice, with a screw for a draw your bolt from the nose, and put in your put in the sciew, and the job is done. By attach- t small rope or chain to the ring, the animal is f controlled. Avoid making the rope or chain anontly fast, as he may suddenly pull back and >ut his nose. For the more perfect securilji where lings for this purpose can be purchased at the Ag- lural Rooms, Boston, kept by Joseph Breck & Co. Bulls are turned loose, thoy should have a leather blind- er placed before their eyes. See annexed cut. This blinder is made in the following manner. Take a piece of oak board one inch thick, 4 inches wide, and about 20 inches long. Nail to this board a pieco of pliable Cow or Horse hide upper leather, which will set close to the animal's face. Should it be ne- cessary, side pieces may be added, also a strap and buckle to pass round tho lower part of the blinder, and buckle loosely under the chin. This method I have long practiced. I have turned out three or four vigorous Bulls at the same time, with my Cows and Oxen, and have found them very timed and harmless, even to fences. To be deprived of sight, causes the most vicious, whether man or brute, to be perfectly inolTensive. THERMOMETRICAL. Reported for tlie New England Fanner, fl mge >f the Thermomeler at the Gardenof the proprietors of th-! Mew England Farmer, Brighton, Mass. in » shaded Nort'.ierly exposure, for the week ending Feb. 4. Feb. 1844. 1 7,A.M. 12, M. 5,P.M. Wind. ^iondav. 29 *1 4 t N. W. 1 uesday. 30 *6 6 8 N. W. VVe.lnesday, 31 0 3 1 N. W. 1 liursday, 1 8 20 19 N. W. Kri lav, 2 22 35 30 E. Saturday, 3 24 31 28 N. Sunday, 4 12 *b 25 elow. 24 1 N. URKiHTUN MARKET.— MoNDAT, Feb. 5, 1844. llpported fur tlie N. K. Farmer. At market 580 Beef Caltle, 1125 Sheep and 200 Swine. I'liicFs. — Beef Cattle. — Wo quote to correspond with last week, viz : a few extra $4 75 a 5 00, first quality $4 25 a $i 50, second quality $4 00 a $4 25, third qual- ity $3 50 a $ 4 00. Sheep.— We quote lots from $1 50 to $2 00. Wethers from $2 50 to $3 75. fncinc. — A small lot to peddle at 4 1-4 for sows, and 5 1-4 for barrows. At retail from 4 to 6 1-2. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected icitk great care, weekly. SEEDS. Herds Grass, $2 374 "^ 2 62 per bushel. Red Top 45 to 60 cents. Clover— Northern, 00 to 12c.— .Southern, 10 a 12 c. Flax Seed, Si 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Canary Seed, S2 75 per bushel. GR.\IN. — In consequence of the severity of the weather, prices have further sli^'htly improved. There is no grain afloat, and the transactions of the week have necessarily been limited. The supplies in store, held by fir.st hands, bein^ small for the season. Corn— Northern, new, l.ushcl onto 00— Southern, round yellow, old, 00 a 00— Southern flat yellow, new, 62 a DO- do. do. white 00 a Ou— do New Orleans, UO a 00— Barley no a 00 —Rye, Northern, D7 a i 3— do. Southern, 63 a 65 — Oats, Southern, 30 a 32— Northern do. 34 to 33— lieans, per bushel 1 GO a 1 02. — Shorts, per double bush. 30 a 40- Bran, 2ii a 23. FLOUR.— The market has been somewhat affected hy the harbor being closed, which has prevented the arrival of expected surplies. A channel through the ice being now completed, and the weatiier ccntinuuig mild, will enable all the shipping in the outer harbor to come in. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 nios. cr. S5 00 a 5 I2J— do. wharf, S4 -^7 a 5 00— do. free of garlic, So 00 a 5 ISJ- I'hila- delphia do. 4 mos. *4 87 a 5 00 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 inos. $5 00 a 0 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 00. — Georsetown, S5 00 a 6 50— Ricbmond Canal, S4 87 a5 12 —do. City, So (lOaoon— Petersburgh,South side So 00 a 0 00 — do. CouMtryS4 37a5 12- Genesee.comnion.cash, S5 12 a 0 00— do fancy brands $3 25 a 5 37 — Ohio via Canal, So 00 a 0 no— do do New Orleans, cash S5 00 a 5 25. Rye, S3 63 a 0 00— India! Meal in bbls. «2 75 a 2 87. PROVISIONS. Very little doing the past week, and prices are still in a great measure unsettled. Beef— Mess 4 iio. new bbl. S7 00 a 7 25- Navy— S6 25 a 0 00.— No. 1, »6 00 a 0 00— do Prime S5 00 a 5 50— Pork — Extra clear 4 mo. bbl. 312 00 a 12 50— do Clear Sit 50 a 12 00 do. Mess, 9 30 a 10 00— do Prime Ss 30 a 0 00— lio Mess from other States,— a do Prime do do So 00 a 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00— —Clear do do Soo 00 a 00 00 — Butter, shipping, 12 a 14— do store, uninspected, 0 a 00 — do dairy, 14 cts. a 17— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6J a 7 —do South and Western, 6| a 7 — Hams, Boston, o a 0 — Southern and Western, 5 a SJ- Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 4 J — do new milk, 4i a 5^. WOOfi. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- p irtation shall not exceed 7 cts. per poucd, 5 per cent, ad val. All whereof the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts. per pound. There is no material change in this article. The demand is good, and recent improved prices are fully supported. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 41 c. — Amer- ican full l.lood,do 33 a 37— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 33— Do. l-2do 29 a 30 — 1-4 and common do 25 a 23 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 9 a 13 — Bengasi do 6 al3 — Saxony, clean. 00 — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — ■ do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 30 a 35— No. 1 do. do. do. 27 a 30— No. 2 do do do 22 a 25— No. 3 do dodo 15 a IS. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. Nothing doing beyond a retail demand. Quantity in- spected in this State of the last crop, to 1st January, was 1600 hales. 1st sort Mass. 1843, lb. 6i a 7 ; 2d do 4j a 5. 1842, 0. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed SI 0 to 12. EGGS, 25 a 23. POULTRY'. Turkies per lb. from 9 to 12ct3.— Geese common 7 to 9— -Bremen 10 to 12— Ctiickens 6 to 10 — Ducks 8 to 10. SITUATION WANTED AS GARDNER By a man who understands the management of a Green- house perfectly, and the Flower Ganien generally. Good references given. Apply to J. BRECK & CO., 52 North Market St. Feb. 7. A FARM TO LET. A farm consisting of some four or five hundred acre? of land, with a farm house, two hams and other out buildings, will be let for a scries of years, " on shares." The so:l is naturally good and easy tilled. It may be made highly pro- ductive, as by Its locuUon any amount of manure may be made from sea weed, sea and marsh mud, and other ma- terials, which are found on the farm. It is situated in the vicinity of the eastern termination of the Long Island Kail Road, lour hours nde liy the way of the Rail Road to New York and six hours from Boston. The person who applies for It must be a native American, an intelligent and enter- prising farmer and a professed christian. No person need apply except such as can bring unquestionable recom- mendations of his qualifications as are specified. For farther particulars apply to the editor of this paper, or by letter, post paid, directed to JUDSON, ANDREWS & CO., Boston. Jan. 17lh 1644. 256 NEW ENGLANDFARMER. FEB. 7, 184- MISCELLANEOUS ^ Rare Character. — A correspondent of the Lynn Wnshinjtunisn frives the followinrj account of one of the jVlarbleliead Representatives, Mr Samuel Chinn. " He is 35 years of age — a stroni' heallliy man — and,' to use his own language, ' lie has neither ache nor pain.' For the last ten years this man has lived on a simple vegetable diet, causing not the voice of mourning among the herds and flocks, which graze peacefully upon the moun- tain side; and during the last four years lie has lived upon nothing hut unground wheat and fruit. He makes his breakfast of fruit, the other'two meals of wheat, patronizing neither millers nor cooks. La.«t year, ho was elected a deleg,ite to the Wor- cester Democratic State Convention, and with a true democratic spirit, he filled his pocket with wheat, walked to Worcester in one day, (a dis- tance of 58 miles,) attended the convention, and the next day returned home by the same democrat- ic express, having patronized no hotels. He is now ready to walk 75 miles in a day, whenever in- terest or duty may require it." " ; Told You So."—" Wife ! wife ! our cow 's dead — choked with a turnip !" "I told you bo; I always know'd she'd choke herself with them turnips." "But it was a pumpkin — a smasliing big 'un." " Wal, it 's al! the same. I know'd all along how it would be. Nobody but a ninny, like you, would feed a cow on pumpkins that wasn't chopt." " The pumpkins was chopt. And 't wasn't the pumpkins neither, what choked her: 'twas the tray — the eend on't is stickin'out of her mouth now.' "Ugh ! Ugh! There goes my bread tray. No Jongfr ago than yesterday, I told you the cow would swallow that tray." — IJart/ord Jour. Afftcling — "Everything is arranged for your wedding with Susan Tompkins," said a father to his only son ; " and I hope you will behave your- self like a man, Thomas." The individual addressed was a young man, seated in a chair, despatching a piece of bread and molasses. His only answer was a sigh, accompanied by a flood of tears. The parent started, and in an angry voice de- manded what objections he conid have. "Susan is handsome and wealthy, and married you must be some time or another. Your mother and I were married, and why should n't you be, pray .'" " Yes," finally sobbed Thomas, ''but that's a different case : you married mother ; but I 'ra sent out to marry o strange gal !" — Selected. A gentleman was joking an honest Hibernian about the many blunders made by his countrymen, and mentioned, in illustration, the two cats that ended a quarrel by eating each other up, leavinn- nothing but the tips of their tails. " Faith, your honor," says Pat, "an surely th.u was not a blun- der, for it is I myself that once kilt a cat by cutting cIThnr head, and the next day she caine in mewing, with licr head in her mouth !" A man with a large wife, has this advantage, that ho can see her a great way off. — Eich. pap. [True — and it is sometimes more agreeable to Bee one's wife a great way off, than it is to see her near you.] .iuful Situation. — A notorious tipler, {saya the Boston Courier,) in a town not forty miles from Boston, returned home last washing day, v ith a jug of rum, and pretty well 'corned' beside ; and staggering into his wife's domain, mistaking a tub of well warmed water for a settee, suddenly settled himself into It, and became a fast prisoner. In this predicament he called lustily for Nabby. His " gude wife" seeing his rfee;? interest in her affairs, seized the jug, danced around the philosopher, pouring the contents over his head, disregarding his beseeching appeal of " Nabby, save it ! Save it, Nabby !" to which she replied, "Go it, Joe — long life to your honor," &c. " Wliy do you not hold up your head as I do :" inquired an aristncratic lawyer of a laboring far- mer. " Squire," replied the farmer, " look at that field of grain: all the valuable heads hang down like mine ; while those that have nothing in them, stand upright like yours." A St. Louis paper tells a story of a disconsolate widower, who on seeing the remains of his late wife lowered into the grave, exclaimed, with tears in his eyes, " Well, I 've lost hogs and I 've lost cows, but I never had any thing cut me like this." " Patrick, I want somebody to kill my hogs : do you understand butchering?" "Faith, an it's me that can lend you a hand at the same ; but it's a ioss you 'II want along with me — for getting the jur off is the only part of the business that i under- stand." Poverty. — At a late celebration, a poor man who was present offered the following toast: "Here is a health to Poverty — it sticks by you when all other friends forsake you." PATENT COIl.\ SHISLLER. A Corn sheller is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that the practical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. It can be usert in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and durable m its operation, and no way liable to get out ofiirder; one man can work it to good advantage, though a man to turn, and a boy to feed it, wrks it much better than one alone. They are su lisht and portable, as to he e.asily removed from place to place, and one machine will serve for several families or even the in- habitants of a small town. Kor sale at the Airricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North Market Street JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. WiLLIS'S LATEST I.MPROVED VEGETABLE CUTTKK. For sale at the New England Agrieullural Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved Vegetable Cutler. This macnine surpasses all others for the purpose of Cutting Ruta Baga, Manuel Wurtzel, and other roots. The great objection to other machines, is their culling the roots into slices, which makes it almost impossible lor the cattle to gel hold uf Ihem : ihis machine with a little alteration, cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most convenient for the cattle lo eat. It will cut with ease from one lo two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK Si. CO. Nov. I. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trare Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 200 " Drafl Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO No. 52 North Market st. ' HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price i^. Also, the second edition of Dana's .Muck Manual, price 62j cts. Feb. 16. HOWARDS IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH Great improvemenls have been maile the past year form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould has I.een so formed as to lay the furrow romplclehi tm-nwg- in every particle of grass or stufMe, andicavh ffround t7i tlie best possibte manner. The leiicth c mould board has he n verv much increased, so ths llongh works with the greatest ease, both with resp the holding and the team. The Committee at the lat ol I'Innghs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Ph we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps the inquirer, it your hind is mostly light and easv lo try 1 routy & Mears, but if your land is'hcavij, hard or BKGIN WITH Mh. Howabd's.'' At the above mentioned trial the Howard Pl"u" more work, uUh the same pewer of team, than any plough exhihiled. No other turned more than twenl) and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draujht, whi JJoward Ptouffh turned tjcenlyvine and one half inc the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Hoi Houghs are much the strongest and most substai made. There has been quite an improvement made on the or land side ol this Plongh, which can be renewed w having to furnish a new bindsiile ; this shoe likewise s- the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthe Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Sl5. A P« sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost «io 50, and wiih cutler il, with wheel and cutler, extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and rei the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 51 & 52 North Market .'Street by JOSKPH BRECK & ( GREEN'.S PATENT STRAW CVTTER. JOSEPH BRECK it CO. at the New Enijland A: lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 nn(iri2Noril ket Street, have lor sale, Green's Patent Straw, Ha Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle noi ap[ilied toaviy implement for this jiurpose. The most inenl effects of this application, and some of the const peculiarities of the machine are: 1 . So groat a reduction of the quantum of power ret to use it, that ihe strength of a half grown boy is sut to work it ethcienlly. 2. With even this moderate power, it easilycutstwo els a minute, which is full twice as fast as lias been cl by any other machine even when worked by horse or power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whic cut, require sharpening less often than those of any straw culler. 4. The ipacbiaeis simple in its construction, made a together very strongly. Il is therefore not so liable complicated maohines in general use lo get out of or. LACTOMETERS — a simple instrument for ti the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & ( NEW ENGLAND FARMER ▲ WEIiKLy PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if no within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to fra; subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, ' expense to subscribers. TWTTLE AND DEItWETT. PRIKTERS, SI School Strest. AND HORTICJLTURAL REGISTER. ^ PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO, NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Ao».culti7ral Wabehouss.) XXII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 14, 1844. [NO. 33. N. E. FARMER, For the New England Farmer. APPLICATFON OF MANURES. Breck — Dear Sir — I noticed in the Now nd FarniPr, of the present week, a discussion Stale House on the upplicuion of inRniircs. If Imd some cxpanence and made some obser- s, I alfeo would express my opinjon. las been frequently stated in agricultural pa- hat plowing in manure is "the new method." 3 a mistake ; it was practiced when I was a lore than sixty years ago ; and for the same that is now urged in Us favor. And the e niust be spread no faster than the plow turn It under, because it would dry. This, poor opinion, is incorrect ; because green e (which [ would be understood to mean,) J under when wet and cold, will not deconi- nd incorporate with the soil near so soon, as if it is first warmed by the sun. If it lias two d.iys sun after it is spread, and then in, it will soon become moist, and imniedi- )c decomposing^, to the benefit of the grow- op. The philosophy and tlieory of putting- e denp in the soil, is, that its properties are fuod for plants, ascend, and do not de- so as to lose any valuable properties : — a ational, plausible Meony ; but does it agree xperience — with fads/ I think not. I will ane fact from many I have known. Some ago, I saiv a man spreading manure on grass n the sprinj, and soon after, plowing the land quite deep, and the manure went to the 1 of the furrows. I watched that tield at and observed that the corn was backward iiall, and at harvest tune was not ripe, and are tlian half a crop, if the same (piantity :iure )iad been put on after plowing, I have ibt there would have been double the quan- corii and of a much better quality ; for the 'as good, and had a good supply of manure, practice in late years has generally been to spread the manure, and then harrow ; and iniformly had larger crops of corn and pota- han when the manure has been plowed in. !re was so much said and published some Jars ago, in favor of sprrading manure on land and turning it under the sod, that I ina- a strip forty rods long and one rod wide on as.':, and in the middle of the field; then i it under from five to six inches deep ; the [lans of the field had the manure spread on ilo.ving, and all harrowed. The result was, Kpecied, that the strip where the manure was der the sod, was much smaller the whole 1; and at harvesting did not produce but a nore than one-half as much corn as the other if the field. The next year oats were sown ■same field; and they did not find the manure it was plowed in ; and it has never been •r heard of since. It is admitted that when e is spread on the surface, some of il does not get covered, and of course in part lost, but not half as much lost as when buried deep in tlie soil. LOVETT PETERS. fVtstboro', Feb. St.', 1844. 05^ We arc much obliged to our respected cor- respondent for his c(mimunication. We coincide with his views gi'uerally, but must beg leave to ditfer on tho point of spre.iding green manure on, the surface, to be exposed " one or two ii:iys to the sun," before plowed 111. We believe that much of the aniinoiiiacal gases would escape to " manure the air," by such miin:igemeiit. Prom what little experience »e have had in the matter, we are of opinion that manure should never be applied in a green stale, but first made into a compost, and spread and harrowed, or lightly plowed in ; but if green maniiro is used, it should be, we think, im- mediately covered, but not plowed in deep, and thus protected from the wasting influences of the sun and air. In this point alone wo difl^er. Plowing manure in deep, as in the case alluded to by our correspondent, we think equally objec- tionable to exposing it on the surface — and he who adopts either mode and rejects the other, we think may be said to avoid Scylla only to strike on Char- hydis. But the opinions of so expiTienced a far- mer as our venerable correspondent, carry with them great weight, whatever mode they may favor ; and it would illy become us to pronounce his prac- tice a poor one, when his long experience has con- vinced him it is good, liut the matter in question has two sides — and our little experience and more redaction, leads us to support the one vhich is sup- ported by science ^ and which, we cannot but think, will prove the best in practice. — Ed. From the Albany Cultivator. DEMAND FOR LONG WOOL. We have great pleasure in laying hefore our readers the following letter from Samuel Laivrence, Esq., of Lowell, in answer to one we addressed him, enclosing samples of wool from some Leices- ter sheep, owned by Mr Howard, associate editor of the Cultivator. It will be seen from this letter that rapid advances are making in this country in the manufacture of such goods as require Ion" wool, such as is produced by the breeds of sheep known as Cotswulds, Ijcicesters, Lincolnshires, &c. and that the increasing demand for this kind of wool alVords encouragement to the breeders of these sheep, which they have not heretofore enjoy- ed. It will be seen, also, that Mr S. exprcfses great confidence in the belief that the prospects of the wool-grower are fully equal to those of any other branch of husbandry. Lowell, Jan. JO, 1844. Editors of the CuUivntor — .My numerous engage- ments at the opening of the year, have prevented ail earlier reply to your respected favor of the '28tli ult. I have examined the two samples of wool, and am of opinion that they are admirably adapted to combing purposes for the manufacture of Moustin ik Lames. Tho staple is long, strong and lustrous, qmilities not desirable for felting purposes, espe. cially the two latter. I judge these samples to be from Cotswold sheep, a breed which it is very desi- rable to propagate in this country, as the worsted business Is just corning into existence. Tho secret of F.nghind's advance of all the world in the man- iifacture of worsted goods, lays in the fact of her liossc^smg better breeds of sheep for tho produc- tion of combing wools, and not from her superior skill in working them. The Worsted business in its various shapes, is to be of immcMise importance in this country, and it .'ifTords me sincere pleasure to be able In say to you that It has already been commenced in tins Slate upon a liberal scale, by parties whoso means and intelligence are a guaranty of its succes.'f. A great deal of talent and skill have been brought to bear upon this branch of industry, and if I am not greatly deceived, the time is near when old Eng- land herself will be astonished at our success. .\ number of hundred looms .on mouslines are already in operation, and more in progress. In addition to the works already projected, a company is now be- ing formed in Boston, with a capital of a million of dollars, for works on Mouslin de Lnines, &c. In reply to your inquiry about the kinds and quantity of wool used in the .Vliddlosex mills, I have to say that we use about a million pounds yearly, of such kinds as are considered in this country the choicest produced — say full blood Saxony, and Saxony mixed with Merino. We are very fastidious in the selection of our wools, both as regards the blood and condition; and in conse- quence, we are in the habit of paying prices which many manufacturers think absurd. I am clearly of the opinion that no branch of ag- riculture promises better than the culture of wool, and I sincerely hope more attention will bo given to it than has been paid for the last few years. Yours, SA.M'L LAWRENCE. Cabbage Heads from Slumps James Bates, of Norridgewock, Me., writing to the Farmers' Jour- nal, soys : " I do not know all your Boston garden- ers are up to, but I do know that, if cabbage stumps of any variety arc set out in the sprin;:, in good or- der, one, two, three, or even four good sound heads will grow on them ; and this they will do year af- ter year, until they die by acch ent. They are managed in the following manner: The upper, narrow- leafed sprouts, which would bear seed, are carefully rubbed off, and likewise all the lower, round leafed ones, which latter will form heads, le.Tving only so many of these as the strength of the stump and iho soil are capable of bringing to perfection. At our cattle show, Mr John Drew presented several such slumps, with one tn four heads of low Dutch cabbage on each, which have borne for three years. He sets them out in earth in the cellar in autumn, cuts off the heads when required for use, and places the stumps pretty thick in the garden in spring. The labor is trifling, the cut worm gives no trouble, and ihe crop sure and abundant." 258 NEW ENGLAND FARMER FEB. 14, 184 FIFTH AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE— Feb. 0. The wpather was rather unfavorable, but we are happy to state tliat the meeting was fully attended, and the subject nnder consideration, "The Man- agenient of Stock, as relates to their general care and feedinj;," was ably discussed, a nniiiber of gen- tleman taking part, and sustaining the meeting with much animation — the President, Hon. Josiah Qiiincy, Jr., being in the chair. Col. Jaques opened the discussion, and spoke ns follows : — Whatever I may offer upon the subjects con- nected with agriculture, I wish tlie gentlemen may distinctly understand that I disclaim any intention of dictation. My desire is, to communicate, ns briefly as possible, my own experience and prac- tice on these important subjects. year, I find the following directions were given to j often repeated or too strongly urged. To be si my furcMiari, to feed as follows: " For 'M cows, | all animals will not show the same fawning a cut 30 bushels for one feed : one-third, English ! spaniel by being caressed ; but they are not ins buy, one-third salt hay, and one-third rye or barley straw ; add 30 quarts of wheat bran or shorts, and 10 quarts of oat and corn meal moistened with wa- ter." This quantity was given for one feed in the morning; the same quantity at noon, and at even- ing. In addition to which, I gave to each cow in milk, 1-4 bushel mangel wnrtzel. This mode of sible to gooil or bad treatment; they are creati of habit, and have mighly good memories. Cleanliness in stables where cattle are kepi highly important, particularly the mangers: t rhonld be brushed clean at least once a day. well recollect being at a farmer's barn, some y( since, who had large and deep mangers whert feeding produced nearly or quite as mucli milk, as 1 fed his cows : his manger was filled up neoi on the best grass feed in summer. Some of the cows gave a pailfull at each milking, twice a day. (For a similar mode of feeding, see N. E. Farmer, vol. vi. p. 14.) When no wheat bran or any kind of meal is given, I feed with long hay. At a farmers' meeting in this place, 1 stated a fact within my knowledge, of two or three famous milch cows that became nearly dry : I was called Domestic animals form a very important item in j to assign a reason. On inquiry, I found that each the agricultural products of New England. Taking cow had been fed with 4 quarts of dry Indian meal into consideration all the purposes to which they t per day, for 12 to 18 months: two of these cows are adapted for the uses and comforts of the great human family, I am of opinion that there has not been that practical science devoted to this branch of agriculture, that the importance of the subject cjcmands ; more particularly as applies to neat cat- tle. I find it important to lay a foundation for good constitutions, by rearing my calves well — allowing them to suck for the first three or four months, and to be well fed the first year. The heifers will then "come in," as it is termed, at two to two and a half years old, and be as ripe at that age, as those brought up on skimmed milk por- ridge are at the ago of three to three and a half years. Their milking properties will be belter de- veloped. Thus one year will be gained. Milk is of the first importance; next, the sham- bles; then, the yoke. At the Brighton Cattle Show, in Oct. 18Ki, the famous Danvers Oakes cow received the first premium. Satisfactory cer- tificates showed that she calved April .'5th ; calf killed May 8th ; that she gavi; through the sum- mer, 17 quarts milk per day, and in the following December, there had been made from her milk 484 1-4 lbs. pure butter. J examined this cow with much attention, and thought there was no other kind of animal living, tliat would be eo valua- ble to a j)oor man with a Inrf^e family. By judi- cious management for a few years, a race of cows might be so moi!eled and formed as to be as pro. ductive as the Oakes cow. This opinion is found- ed upon my actual practice and experience for more llian forty years — a record of which I have preserved. Our long legged, gaunt hogs of 40 years since, it may be remembered, were consider- ed pretty smart hogs th.it would weigh 2.50 lbs. at 18 months. Now, the Mackay pigs at 12 months, weigh 400, and, probably, on much the same keep. Here, then, is an improvement of 50 per cent, or more. The same improvement can be made in our neat cattle. A good animal fed well, i? much more profitable than a jioor one. There are indi- vidual cows which may bo fed with the best the country can produce, and still they would not com- pare with the Oakps cow were reri/ fat : I came at once to the conclusion that the extreme fat had closed up the milk secre- linns, and that the food had turned to forming fat flesh. By giving 2 parts wheat bran or shorts, and I part Indian meal, it will produce as much milk, without injuring the milking properties. The Oakes cow came into my possession some two or three years after her high feed on Indian meal, in 181G, and fell off very much in the quan- tity of milk. As an experiment, I reduced her in flesh, turned her to grass feed only, for a season, then took her up, and fed her high, but could not bring her to give more than 8 or 10 quarts of milk per day, ever after. The subject of p.irturition, or the act of bring- ing forth the young, was mentioned at our last meeting. My views on this subject are, that most of the trouble and difficulty arises from the particu- lar formation of the parents. For instance, a cow with a large, heavy head and horns ; large, coarse limbs and light body, is, not uiit'reqnently, narrow in the pelvis. The difficulty, however, more gen- erally arises from the males. Bulls with large, heavy heads and horns ; and large, heavy coarse limbs with liglit bodies, are pretty sure to produce large bony calves, giving the cow trouble in bring- ing forth. I have put a bull, whose head and horns were very light, muzzle so fine that he could drink out of a quart pot, with limbs fine and taper- ing, and whose weight was 2200 lbs., to yearling heifers of like form and character, not unfreqncnt- ly ; and have never found any difficulty in their bringing forth their young. Calves intended to be raised, should be haltered and made fast by the second or third day alter be- ing dropped, and be led frequently by the halter, and with a light switch in your tiand, apply it gent- ly to his face whenever he attempts to press for- ward too fast. A very little attention will learn our neat cattle to be as handy to the halter as a horse. The language used in breaking and managing domestic animals, should always be the Same, for the same meaning, without variation. For in- In culling feed for slock in winter, much saving | stance, if I wish my horses or neat cattle to stop may be made, by irixing the rut feed with wheat inches deep, with hay-seed dust and unhea filth ; on digging down to the bottom, I foun had been wet, and was then smoking hot. firmer said, do you think it will make any di cnce to my cows .' My reply was, by as! another question : Suppose you should have a h dish in which you put your various meals, should allow the accumulations of the remain^ those meals to stand for months ; I think would then learn how to pity your poor anim He immediately went to work, and cleaned out manger, and that too, without resorting to the pcriment with the dish. The places where cattle stand, should be swept clean, at least on day, and well littered. Stalls for horses shoul paved, cither with brick or stone. I prefer b placed edgewise ; the stalls to be kept clean, at night supplied with a good bed of straw, allow a horse to stand or lie, for months on his t filth, and inhale its /jfryiime, (as was suggeste" a former meeting,) is not my practice. It is the opinion of some that we ought no resort to new importations for iho improvemei our neat cattle. But wliy should we not take vantage of the immense improvements which been made in England for the last fifty years.' a person wishes to obtiiii the Bartlett pear, (si mous among us,) does he try to raise them fron seed, or does he take the scions ? Although the management of stock is the ject under consideration, I will take the liberl saying a few words on the subject of a rac horses. Fortunately, we have among us a kir liorse formed by a cross of the Normandy or C dian stallion on the Vermont mares, which com the properties so desirable for " Yankee notio viz: to goto church, go to mill, under the sai to the plow, the gig, and coach. They are of g endurance, carrying weight a long distance, docile ; but if put to their mettle, are a full 1 for the best whip. Cheever Newhall, Esq., who is the owner fine farm in Dorchester, next addressed the n ing: his remarks were listened to with deep a^ lion, and we are happy to have it in our pov give thein in his own language : — Mr President — As I am entirely unaccustc to speak in public, I must therefore claim you diligence while I attempt to make a stntcnie my mode of cultivating and feeding. I believe the soiling of cattle has never much practiced in this country ; indeed, the attempt I have known, was made by a distingui individual in Q.uincy, many years ago. This nent man has since been called to perform or any kind ol meal, slightly moistening bran it. In the winter of I83(;, milk was very scarce. .■\t that time I kept 30 cows, 2.5 of which were in milk. On reference to my diary, Feb, 1 III), of that and stand, I use the word whoa. How many acci- I duties, and it is very much to be regretted iha dents might have been prevented if refractory agricultural part of the community have not liorses had been properb/ taught the meaning of of late years, the benefit of his counsel in tha f^.jiofi I partment of science. The importance of a system of mild and kind j I have given some attention to this siibjec treatment towards domestic animals, cannot be loo two years past, before which I pastured my > 'I.. XXII. NO. 33. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 259 iininor. Last season, I fed my cows, 17 in ber, IVDm the lOltj of M;iy to the 10th of June, le proihice of one nnro of rye, cut fjrren anJ '.o tliciii in the barn, tniji't'icr with iiboiit 3 lbs. alt liay and one <|ijart of meal each per day ig ti'jat lime. Part of the same piece of vye cut a second lime, and served the same nnm- jf COW3 five days. This piece of rye was !d about the first of August of the year pre- |s, at the rate of two bushels of seed per acre. . quantity was not cun'^idered quite sunicient, in my next year's sowing, I used 2 1-2 bush- if rje per acre. After the rye was consumed, were kept upon clover, cut and (ed in the 9 way, until the latter part of July. Part of clover was the Southern variety for enrly use, part Northern, which is a few days later. I commenced upon preen corn fodder, sowed !iat purpose, and fed them upon that until the He of September : after that, they were turned my mowing fields until the hard frosts came, ng the time they were in these fields, they 1 partly kept upon the tops of beets, ruta baga turnips. These tops were not gathered into 3, but were scattered over the ground at the they were cut, and permitted to remain there ral days, to be used as wanted. No more was wanted (or one day, were carried to the at a time. When tops are kept in this way, will remain good for 8 or 10 days, and cows eat them readily ; and if dealt out to them ' in moderate quantities, lliey do no harm to milk. raise for winter use, ruta baga and turnips. se will not afi'oct the taste of the milk, if kept , cool cellar, where they do not heat. My lice im taking them from the field is, to place he liarn floor as many as my cattle will con- e up to the middle of December: after that, lys to keep at least one week's supply there, so any unpleasant flavor they may have imbibed le cellar, may have a chance to escape. In way of feeding, you may be sure they will I no unpleasant taste to the milk. Ir President, I will say a few words in regard ny manner of raising corn fodder. Last year, wed half an acre the first of May, for early use. 'ed Northern corn, which yielded one-lhird less 1 the Southern. The imiii crop for late autumn winter use, was planted on the 7th of June, in Is three feet apart, and scattered pretty thick le drill, so as three bushels of seed per acre used, of the Southern yellow. flat. The ground broken up a few days before ; manured upon surface and harrowed ; after which q furrow made with a one-horse plow, the corn dropped covered. After it came up, a cultivator was !ed between the rows twice, and hoed twice. Jy cows ate what they wanted until the 7th of tembc.-, at which lime I had rather more than icre standing. It was then cut up at the bot- I and suffered to lay upon the ground two days, vas then tied into bundles of a convenient size, put up into shocks that would weigh about 300 nds when dry. It remained in this state about ie weeks, when it was dry enough for winter ui^e. measured one square rod of the ground on ch this corn grew, and carefully weighed the duce: it weighed 404 lbs. at the time it was , wliich is more than 3'i tons to the acre. It ) again weighed when perfectly dry, and wcigh- 160 lbs. to the rod, which is nearly 13 tons to acre. I think ihat rye, lucerne, clover and corn fodder, are the best and most economical arliclcs for feed- ing to cattle green, — Ihnt corn fodder, in particu- lar, both for summer and winter use as fond fnr cows, can be raised, on gooil land, at less expense than either hiiy nr vegetables. Mr President, at our meeting hero last week, much was said upon the importance of watering cows frequently. Many of the speakers said ihey should liave water four or five times a day. Soon after I commenced farming, I observed that cows would drink quite often in summer, when at pasture, and when water was handy; and although a stream of water is very near my barn, I found in ivinler they would frequently refuse to drink, and sometimes would go without the whole day, be. cause of the difficulty of getting to the water on account of the jcc ; and in stormy weather, some of them would drink only once a day. Tliis led me to adopt some way of watering them in the barn. Several years ago, I had a trough made the whole length of tho manger, about 5 inches deep and G inches wide, and placed against the frame of the stancliel. It is made of common inch board, and is water tight. At one end of this trough is a pump, with which the cows are supplied with wa- ter, summer and winter. The cost of this pump was not more than five or six dollars, and the well was not expensive, as it is but six feet deep. Mr President, although manure is not the sub- ject of discussion this evening, yet with your per- mission, I will state my manner of saving the ma- nure of cows. I have a cellar under the barn where my cows stand : the manure they make is dropped down twice a day, when it is immediately covered wiih rotten peat or meadow muck, placed near for that purpose — two or three parts of muck to one of ma- nure. Such is the large quantity of urine voided by them when kept upon green corn feed, that I have no doubt it would saturate thoroughly five parts of dry muck with one of the mixture of dung and urine. I have had some experience in applying manure thus saved, and have no hesitation in saying that this mixture of two or three parts of meadow muck with one of the droppings from the cows, is worth more than tho same weight of clear cow manure, for any kind of crops I raise. I know it is worth more when applied to corn. Hon. Allen Dodge said, in regard to soiling cat- tle and feeding with corn fodder, he had some ex- perience. He had tried Southern corn, but found by (he time he wished to use it, that it had grown so rank that the cows left a large portion of the hutis ; he therefore discontinued the use of the Southern corn and planted the Northern. Last summer he tried sweet corn, and if he could judge by the avidity with which the cows ate it, he thought it must be better for milk than any other variety. He had made no experiment to test its comparative value with other varieties, and sliould like to know if any gentleman present had any ex- perience with it. He said it was a general prac- tice among the farmers in Essex County, to feed their cattle on corn fodder at night in dry weather, when the feed in their pastures was short. He had weighed a rod of Southern corn, cut up green, and found it weighed at the rate (as we understood him) of about 20 tons to the acre. (Concluded on editorial page.) AGRICULTURAL READF.RS. In the early part of our experience as publisher of an agricultural paper, we found that the readers of such journals could be divided into two classes, one of which read with profit, the oilier with very little if any. Of course we do not include in eilh- er of these classes, those fanners who already know every thing, despise all agricultural reading, and treat the idea of any improvement in husbandry with the most profound contempt. The number belonging to this class is much reduced, but spe- ciinous are occasionally met with. l'"arincr A. belongs to the class of rcadrrs that receive and peruse agricultural papers with liltle profit. The reason is, he does not sullicienlly ex- ercise his own judgment in reference to the de- tails of farming. He reads a statement that such a farmer was eminenlly successful in the cultiva- tion of such a crop; the growing or fattening of such or such an animal ; or the management in general of a farm on the principles of rotation ; and he determines at once to do tho same. He does not slop lo inquire whether his soil is suited to the particular crop he wishes lo grow, whether it is too wet or too dry, too light or too heavy, rich or poor — but pursuing the course pointed out by the successful farmer, he miserably fails in his crop, or his animals, and frequently throws on the publication or its correspondent, the blame wliich fairly belongs to himself. Farmer B., on the contrary, is one of a class of readers that find a decided [profit in the perusal of agricultural papers. He takes the same papers as A., but wholly escapes the mislakes into which A. is constantly falling. The reason is to be found in the fact that he exercises his judgment in man- aging his farm ; and is fully aware that a course of husbandry that would be successful on one kind of soil, or one particular location, would be ruinous on another. Because a great crop, or fine animals, have been produced under certain circumstances, he does not go on to infer that they will be so in all ; and it is in this discrimination and adaptation, that the cause of his success is found. He reads, compares, reflects, and decides whether a course is suitable for him, his soil, or circumstances, before he adopts it. His agricultural reading furnishes him the means of doing this correctly, and in that he finds a great advantage. Agricultural publications are not intended to su- persede the use of the judgment in matters of prac- tice, among those who receive them ; their great office is to enable the farmer to judge correctly as lo ihe proper course for him to pursue ; lo bring lo his notice all improvements in husbandry and agricultural implements, that he may clioose wisely for himself; to show what has been done by oth- ers, and the way it has been done, that if in the same circumstances, and it is desirable, he may do so too ; and lo excite to improvement by showing it is practicable and profitable. The farmer must do as do men in other cases — obtain all the light and information possible by reading, and tin n re- flect, reason, decide, and practice for himself. — Mb. Cult. Good thoughts, like good company, will never stay where they aro not civilly entertained ; while bad thoughts, like ill-mannered guests, press for admission, or, like nightly robbers, lurk secretly about, waiting for an unguarded nioinenl to creep in and destroy. 200 NEW ENGLAND FARMER O^The subjoined communication from one w'.io iinilPs in an eminent derjree the experience of tlio practical, witli the wisdom of tlio scientific farmer, will be perused with pleasure by those of onr read- ers who have no antipathy to science as an aid to the f.irnier — and we hope nil of them are free of such an unworthy, not to say silly feeling. If any of them do entertain it, we shall never cater for its 1,'ratitication, however much in this respect we may differ from the conductors of other presses we mi^ht name. "A little learnintj," it has been truly said, "is a dangerous thinii;" — but it becomes abso- lutely loathsome ivhen, instead of advising others to seek- light, it uses its influence to keep them in the dark, leaching them to spurn as "onlij theory," the recommendations of those more highly favored with intelligence and qualified by study and experi- ment to impart wisdom to others. The views of our respected correspondent rela- tive to the importance of a knowledge of scientific principles to the farmer, commend themselves to every candid and reflective mind. The aid of one such man as he, will have more eff'ect in promoting the application of scientific principles to our hus- bandry, than the combined efl'.irts of a host of the disciples of the Jack Cade school can have to pre- vent it. We hope to hear from our correspondent again, and more fully, upon lime as a manure and Unst he may be disposed, whenever opportunity offers, to communicate his views on other topics pertain- ing to thp farm, for the benefit of our readers. While we thank him for this favor, ive are inclined like Oliver Twist, to hold out our hand and ask for "more." — Ed. THE AID OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE • LIA1E AS A MANURE, &.C. Mr Breck— [ always read the "sayings and doings" of the agricultural meetings at your° State House, with much pleasure, and regret that you do not report more fully the remarks of the various FEB. 14, IHi then it is thrown i.nto a large heap, for the pur| as he says, of rotting it and preparing it t carted out in October or November, to^be sp: upon grecii-sward and plowed in for a corn ihe next season. The past season, his boys, p; by way of frolic, threw up the pile some t2 o feet in height, and in a few days they got the mentation upon the high steam pressure priiic and the way in which the ammonia and carb atid escaped, ought to have been a cmilion farmer whose corn crops do not average ove bushels per acre. But there is an old saying there 's no great loss without some small gain ; in this case, the water in the heap was decom ed, its hydrogen combined with the nitrogen, formed ammonia ; and its oxygen with the car sneakers as mnsf nf .!,„.>, i k . •-■■"- says, in uis latner s days thev always had corn and bpeaiierb, as most or 1 em are doubt ess nrnptip-i ' ■ . n i ... . farmers whose eynprion,.o "7 """"'"'f' P"'='";'^' , grain to sell ; but no!« he frequently has to purchase farmers, « nose experience and know edrro mnat Ko .l. t> . . .', .■' T_ farmers, whose experience and knowledge must be of great interest to the farming community at large. In the N. E. Farmer of the 24th inst,, you ha°ve given a synopsis of the remarks at the second ineetintr, upon manures — a subject that lies at the foundr,iioii of successful farming. And from the remarks quoted from the "Traveller," 1 infer that what is called scientific farming, or the application of chemical principles to the subject, was not con- sidered, by at least some of the speakers, as prac- tically of much use. Perhaps I may be wrong in my conclusions, but I am a New England farmer, and one that either holds the plow 6r°drives ; nnd I feel'a deep interest in the prosperity and welfare of my brother farmers here in " the cold and sterile North," and in these times, with the low price of produce, and fur the better enabling us to compete with the farmers of the fertile West, it behoves us to take advantage of every discovery that science can nfford. ' ! Now, every person of common observation knows, or believes, that that the w/iole planetary system is g.iverued by certain fixed and invariable law.-, and by the labors and investigations of sci- rntitic men, thtsc laws have been so far discover- ed, that an Hslrcmomor can calculate to the fraction of a second, when celestial phenomena are to re- cur, after the lapse of long periods of time. And can any one suppose that the laws that govern the vegetable world are any less certain and fixed, than those that direct the movements of the planetary system ? For one, I believe they are no less defi- nite ; and for the most skilful and economical man- agement of a farm, the cultivator should possess a good knowledge of those scientific principles, as developed and brought to boar upon the subject within a very few years past, by the labors and re- searches of numerous scientific men, both in Eu- rope and this country. Chemistry and geology, as connected with agriculture, are of great impm-lance lo the farmer, and by their application to the sub- ject, the " why and the wherefore" of many things that were once dark and mysterious, are rendered clear as the noonday sun. The elements that enter into the composition of vegetation, are but few in number, but are suscep- , „„„„ - „„u ..^ ^xy^ren witn tne car tible of an infinily of combinations, nnd of yielding and formed carbonic acid ''' "'>' f^'C""' B"ckininster still jjoes '• drnd set" hur upon analysis. And soils in.pregnateU | "?*'"=• ''"'^;, '',' '^ course of his rem.,rlme were prejudiced against it on account of the bad flavor it sometimes imparts to the milk: but if fed in the manner which he practiced, he believed there would be no complaint of that nature. lie was in the habit of supplying milk for the market ; lias fed his cons for three months on turnips, and heard no complaint. His cows are first milked in the morn- ing ; the manger is then cleaned out, and one-half bush- el of cut turnips are given to each cow : after this they are fed with salt hay : they are then curried and per- fnctlv cleaned, and if the weather is eiiitable, they are turned out and watered, or if the weather is severe, they ate watered in the barn in a trough before them. At noon, he irave them a pailfull of bran-shorls — then Eng- lish hay ; and in th« evening they were milked again. He fiuds the tops of turnips to his cows, without any bad results. Ho ihoughl when we turned our attention more to the suliject of soiling, we should generally adopt that pra<-lire. He said it was surprising to see the great quantity of urine and other excrements the caiile voided when kept up. The soiling system would greatly in- crease iho quantity of manure. It is important that caitle should he kindly attended. He had found it to be the best policy to give his cows in charge of one per?on, who feeds, cleans, waters, milks, and keeps a diary of every thing relating to them.' It is necessary in our climate to raise corn fod- der or something of the kind to fei.'d out to the cows when the pastures fail, which is at a lime when far- mers tire eniraged in haying, and the cows were loo often neglecied amid the press of work at that busy sea- son. If the cows are not supplied with green food at this time, they will dry up, and all eflorts to restore them afterwards would fail He ihought tliere was nothing hotter for them for this purpose, than corn fod- *Mr French miglil have added that he practiced the most tliorniigh cleanliness in his stable : each cow has a stall by herself, and a man in constant atiendance in feeding, carding, cleaneing and milking. The milk is put away as fn!>l as taken, and Btruined into a large tin can, where all the milk is equalized, as to quahty, anr] then put into small cans for his customers in the ciiv. With such keeping and il,orough cleanlines«, bis mifk conniil fail to jjive satibfaction t« those who like il in its purity. — Eu. der. Lucerne he deemed a very important crop fori Hon. Mr Gardner, of Bristol, said he h.id been soiling, where there was a free soil. He had seen five ! "■«'"'=')■§"'''""='' "''li tl'« remarks from the chair. ., « ^ J * , [ rnujie he was sure the ixentleiuan was a farmer in ilie crops cut in one year ; the first crop was readv to be ... . ,- m /-- i j .u . ■ .i j' r^ ■> ' -it not in practice. IMr Gnrdncr said that in the d;s( cut early in the spring, when the early grass was jusl a|o„e which had taken place in the Senate l.is! y starling in the pastures. It is well calculated lor our , whenever the subject of agriculture was ilie Ih.mie. climnte, as ,1 bears the drought well : it throws its roots I "f surprised at the amount and n-cur.icy of ihe ; ^ ciilluial knowledge Mr Ciuincy ejihibUed ; but thu deep int> tlie soil : lie once examined in the monlli of g^^ (y^ (i,is [,a,j ^^w been explained. Oolober, (lie roots of plants sowed in May, and found , He said feedinjr ratlle with green fodder had , been much in vopiie in his vicinity, but it was jft'ti into favor among farmers. The Hon. Mr iiurgess nm use of it. He ihouglu the Hon gentleman from T folk fed his cows very luxuriously : ihey must sumptuously everv day. Mr Quincy remarked, that what had been said dui tl)e discussion in reference to making anirnaln doc reminded him ol what he had read in Mr Catlin's ti ; time, would return with him perfectly subdued, bt , no longer cross or refractory. What his process v ' no one knew, for he kepi it lo himself, and llie sc lied with him. Like animal magnetism, he belie ' there was something in this breathing, bnt wli.il il ■ he did not know, and asked if any one present iiad c I tried this method of breaking; animals. Col Jaques said he had seen similar accounts of s they had penetrated to the depth of 30 inches. Raising of roots he thought of great importance to all ' fanners, for niihh cows. He feeds out turnips to his catliH from the rime of harvesting until the present pe- riod of the year, ;.nd carrots and beets until spring He ' lurng out his cows to pasture the first of June, and in about 30 days the pastures begin to fail, and he then I els among the Jndi;ins of the West, whose (dim to Ir looks out iur other feed. ' ^'■'''<^ young buffaloes was, to breathe forcibly into tl ,, , , r 111 1 ■ , /• J- i nostrils, which always had the desired effect : He iiad found by keeping Jus cows tip and feedinjj .., . ,u „ ^ m ,i ' i j;„„ i.i. „ j„„ ij„ J r o t B would then lollow the Indians like a dog. lie them so high, there was some difficulty in making them [ ,jot account for this phenomenon— whether it was n breed, and jisked information of otliers, if tiiey had ex. nif-rism, animal miignetism, or what, lie could not ■ .,1.11 1 He had also rend in a Review, of an individual ^ perienced the same trouble. i . r i ■ ■ i i .■ ' was noted tor having great power in breaking reira The President, Hon. Josiah auincy, Jr., was sorry to j ,.y a„i,jjals, and who was known by the niime of confess that lie has had but little experience in the sub- \ " horse whisperer." His method was to go alone iect under discussion, but he was reminded of his home ■ t)'^ ^^^^^^ ^^''P^e the animal was kept, and after a si - _ ! I 1 nm i.miil/l mtfim ti.ttli Kim narluftlir cllltHi,.>H lif in younger days, and of this he had many pleasing remi- niscences and of his father's proceedings in agricultural matters. He had witnessed some of the operations on ! i his father's farm at Quincy, where his father had made i many expeiiments in soiling cattle. He believed he i was the first to introduce the soiling system into this | country; that he had kept the whole slock of cows,! practices, "and had faith in the viriue of some of ihi. which'formerly had required 90 acres when they run at I "<^ believed animals knew more than we were ac. ■^ ^ ' ,. ', lonied to allow they did ; and they can readily dis i large, on Id only, when shut up and fed on green fodder, j ^^1^1, ,|,g ,„„„ ^.^^^ |,„g no fear of them from I'lim v< But the system could nol be adopted on all farms. He j has. lhou8. S5 no a 0 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, nOOaO 00. Genrcelown, So 00 a 6 50— Richmond Canal.SoOOaS 12 do. C-.iy.SopOaono — Petersburgh.Sonth side So 00 aO 00 ^a ConntrvSS 00 a. 5 25— Genesee, common, cash, S5 IS a 25— do faiicy brands 83 31 a 6 37 — Ohio via Canal, on a 0 00— do do \ew Orleans, cash S5 00 a 5 25, Rye, I 6> a 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 75 a 2 87. PROVISIONS, The business doing the past week in !ef a id Pork has no: been to any great extent. Lard is belter demand. Beef— Mess 4 110. new bbl. S7 00 a 7 25— Navy— $6 25 a 00.— No. I, 86 00 a 0 00— do Prime S3 00 3 5 50— Pork— xtra clear 4 mo. bbl. S12 00 a 12 30— do Clear Si 1 50 a 12 00 1. Mess, 9 30 a 10 00— do Prime $3 60 a 0 00— do Mess cm other Stales,— a do Prime do do So 00 a 0 00 J. Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do Soo 00 a 00 00 — utter, 'shipping, 12 a 14— do store, uninspected, 0 a 00— do tiry, 1-1 els. a 17— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6J a 7 —do oulh and Western, OJ a 7 — Hams, Boston, 0 a 0 — oulhcrn and Western, 5 a 5J— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, a 4^ — do new milk, 4.i a Sj. WOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- irtalion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, S per cent, al al. Al! whereoi the vaiue exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per I. ad val. and 3 cts per pound. The market is without change in prices, with a good de- land. The stock of all descriptions is much reduced, ami ciders are quite firm. Prnne or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 41 c— Amer- ain full blood, do 35 a 37— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 35— Do. 1-2 do 9 a 30--1-4 and common do 26 a 28 — Smyrna Sheep, SITUATION WANTED AS GARDNER By a man who understands the management of a Green- house perfeclly, and the Flower Garden generally. Good references given. Apply lo J. BRECIC & CO., 62 North Market St. F«h. 7. FRl!:SII G.VUUEN SKKOS. The subscribers are now receiving large supplies of Gar- den seeds Irom Europe, from their own Garden, and other sources.. The following are included in the ereai number of varielies in their establishment, and which lliey olTer ul low prices, wholesale and retail. PEAS. Ccdo Nulli, Improved Blue Imperial, Hills' Early, Woodford Dwarf Marrow, Early Dwarf, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, '■ (."harllon, Kni;;hts' Dwarf, " Frame, Dwarl Marrowfats, " Warwick, Tall do. I'EANS. Dwarf China, " Mohawk, Lima, Saba, " Horticultural Pole, " Red Cranberry do, " While do. '• Kidney Pole, " CABB.4GE. Long Late Drumhead, Early York, Late Sugar-loaf, Green Globe tavoy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch Cabbage, Marrow, Kidney, Case knife. Six Weeks, &c. Ballersea, " Vanack, " Hope Early Sugar-loaf, POUDRETTE! PllUDRETTE ! ! Orders left at the New England Seed Store, and al the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt altenlion For sale by J. BRECK & Co., 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston Oct 26. With a great variety of other sorts. Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broccniis in varieties. Cu- cumbers, Melons, Squash, sweet Maorjrnm, Sage, Summer- Savory, Thyme, lima Baga, Turnips, more than Iweiiiy fine sorts. Three hundred varielies of Flower SEEDs,and every variety of Garden and Field seed, too numerous to mention. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Dec. 12, 1843. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved with a foot Ireader, is found lo be a great iniprove- ment nn the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal salisfaclion. The rollers can be attacli- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK &. Co.,'No. SI North Market street. POUDRETTE. Improvements of such a nature have been made in the manufacture of Poudrctle, by the Ludi Manufacluriiig Co., near the city of New York, as to warrant the opinion, that it is the cheapest and best manure now known and in use. By experiments which have been made it has been proved ihai its fructifying powers have been greatly increased ; its operaiinn upon vegetable matter quickened, il will obviate the effects of severe drought and will retain ils fertilizing qualiiies much longer than any Poudrelle heretofore made. It will ripen corn in 66 davs, fit for use. Ihe price wilt be rft/i(ccf/ the following season, as follows. Al the factory il will be sold in bulk, at the rale of 25 cents per bushel.^ It will be delivered al any wharf or place in the city ol New York, free of cartage and other expense, at the rate of S2 lor 1 bbl, which contains 4 bushels ; S3 50 for 2 barrels ; 85 lor 3 barrels, and Slo,50 for 7 barrels, and at the raie ol Sl,50 per barrel lor anv larger quantity. Persons wishing the ar- ticle, will p'.ense'give notice in due season, as the orders will be fulfilled in the order of time received. The Co. was in- corporated in Februarv, 1?40, for 30 years, by the Legislalure of Ncw.Iersey. No liability 10 sioc'iholders beyond Iheir subscnplion of SlOO per >hare. A fev; shares of what is called the " Reserved Stock," remain lo be subscribed for, wtiich the company guarantee shall pay a dividend of 50 busin Is of Poudrelle a year on each share, as authorized by the charier. A pamphlet containing inslriiciions for its use and nil other necessary information, is in preparation and will be sent gralis soon alter the first of January next, to any person applvm.g for it, post paid. Agents have lieen, or will be appointed in most of the important jilaces in the Eastern and Northern Stales, to whom )iersnns may give orders Where there is no agenl, please direct " lo Ihe President of the Lodi Manufacluring Co., No. 43 Liberty street New York," and it shall receive immediate attention. The reader will please refer to ihe letter of Mr, Kenush, pub- lished in this paper lo day, December 20, 1843. PRl'lT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a snitalde time to transplant many Trees and Plants, and often times more convenient than ia spTuig!' "Wo have as great a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- ries, F'lums, Peaches^ Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer them al the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct, II, 1843, GARDEN SKEDSI GARDEN SEEDS! ! The subscribers are now receiving their fall supply of Gar- den, Grass and Field Seeds of every description, and would respectfully recommend to their cuslomers and the public to scud in their orders os early as possible, lo secure a supply from their choicest lots. r n j Their stocK of Seeds for this season will be very lull antl complete, and most of the varieties being raised under their own inspection, they can confidently recommend them as be- ing pure and of ihe first qualities. Among them are Long Blood Beet, Ruta Baga, Early Turnip do. Long Orange Carrot, French Sugar do. Early Horn do. Mangel Wurtzel do. Whhe Field do. Also, Cucumber and Cabbage Seeds of every variety ; Peas and Beans, of every kind; which, togetlier with a large supply of every kind of seed desirable for the field or garden, comprise the most complete and extensive assortment of Seeds to be found in any similar establishment in the coun- try. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. .\gricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 ) and 32 North Market Street, Boston. S Oct. 15, 1343. Pl'itlPKIN SEED WANTED The subscribers will pay a fair price for a lew bushels of the "old fashioned yellow Pamjikin Seed.J' planting. Boston, Not. 23. snilable lor "JOSEPH BRECK & 00. GARDEN f mind, he continued thus : " Yees, mine hearers, I zay, Got pleas te king : pless him mit plenty of hard times and u wlijg par- liament—pless him mit defeats on te land't and on te zca— pless him mit all kinds of pad luck — pless him mil sickness— pless him mit shord't life — unt, Lord't, may we have no more of 'em." Scene in a School. — " Master, this ere gal keeps saying I 'm a thief." " What does she say you have stolen .-" " She says I stole her character." At this juncture a little girl jumped up and said, " I geth he did— I geth he did— for I theed him behind the tliool houth a calm' thumthin<'." Miserij in the midst of Wealth. — Thurlow Weed, in one ot his letters from London, portrays the fol- lowing scene of wretchedness, poverty, and death, in Regent street, London. Ho says: "In walking up Regent street yesterday, I wit- nessed a scene of anguish new to me, but not so to those belter acquainted with the abodes of des- titution. Observing a crowd gathering upon the opposite side of the street, I crossed over and saw an infant that had just breathed its last in the arms of Its mother, wl,o had been sitting or standing all day in that street, endeavoring to sell matches. The child died for the want of food and nourish- ment, and the mother, who was still pressing her dead infant to hor, was a picture of destitution and despair. There was scarcely strength enough in her trembling limbs to bear her into an apotheca- ry's shop, where the restoratives tried in vain upon the child were needed by the fainting mother. The poor woman by her language and deportment, excited much sympathy. She was evidently in a greatly debilitated stale from the want of food. She had only received two and a half pence for matches in two days, and had no other means of support. Regent street, where this mother and child sat starving, dazzles the eye and bewilders the imagi- nation with ita wealth and magnificence. The mmes of Potosi and the treasures of Golconda seem to have been poured into the lu.vurious lap of Re- gent street. But amid all its wealth and luxury, a mother lolled in vain for the coarse food that would enable her 10 give nourishment to a dying infant I And thus is human life in this city painfully diver- sified." j^ovel Introduction. — A wag says that in jour- neying lately, he was put into a stage sleigh with a dozen persons, of whom he did not know a single one. Turning a'corner shortly after, however, The sleigh was upset, " and then," said he, " / found them alt out." A gentleman meeting a friend who had recently failed, expressed great concern for his embarrass- ment. " You are mistaken, my dear sir," said he, " it is not 1, 'tis my creditors who aie embarrassed." Why is a hot cake like a caterpillar.' Because if makes the butter flu . PATEKT COItIV SHELLBR. ' A Corn shellcr is one of Ifie most convenient and labor saving implements that the practical farmer has in use Various machines for Ihis purpose have heen invented. It can fje used in all cases for liirge or small sized ears, tt is very simple in its construction, and durahle in its operation and no way liahle to gel out of order; one man can work it to good advanlage, though a man In turn, and a hoy to feed it W'-rks it much hetier than one alone. They are so li^ht and poriiihle, as to he easily removed Irom place lo pla'ce, and one machine will serve lor several families or even the in- bahitnnts of a small town. Kur sale at the Agriiultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and &2 North Market Street JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. rJreat improvements have heen made the past year i'n has heen so formed as to la„ the furrow complctch, o, f!:^ound m the heU possible ■mar.r.a: Th^ lenM , . f Wot r"t '"' " ." ^"y ""<" ■ncreasert S ha of P^ouJ f "/'w*" "■'""• ''^'"^ Committee at the hL li 01 I'loughs at Worresior say we shou.d prefer for use on a farm, we mi;ht perhap- sa\ rv pZ,?i M ^■•'"^ '""'J '^ "'"^"5' 'igt"^»nd'eL7to w.', BEGIN wrr^t M li '"'"'^ '■°"'' '""'' '^ ^'^""J'. ''•^'■J "'■^oc BEGIN wirn Mr. Howard's '' ^h,,Lh \ K ri'' .S""'" T""'" ".r leom, iha„ om, ol, a Id '^ne I ,'•/''• I, ^" """f '"""' "'"" 'h=n tweniyse. Mownrcl Plough tuned l,eent,,niie ami onckaf imhes pLZV ^rT" "{"r ■' ^" -^■I'-no^ledgc that HovJa , made ""^ strongest and most suhsianti: orltTs.nr I'^i" ''oi'^ •''," improvement made on the sh. h.vtf 1, r! ""'^'""r''-.™'''^'' '^''" b^ renewed wilh... the m?, H^ "'J' " W" '"'i'^'i'le^ 'his shoe likewise secui fllo "»h I'ry^th." ''"""''' ""''^"' '"' ^Ue.pi'e^s t The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to St6. A PIoik I'm rn ^"', l^™!""? "P with four cattle, will cost al„ eitra ' "" """" *'■'*'"' ^^eel and cutter, S2 The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, the New England Agricultural Warehouse and See.l S Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Sireet. by JOSKPH BRECK & CO. WILLIS'S LATEST I.IIPROVED VEGETABLE CtTTKR. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse No. 51 and S2 North Market Street, Uosinn Willis's La lest Improved Vegetable Cutter. This macnine surpasses all others for the purpose of Cutting Ruia Ba-'a, Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots. The great ohjeclion to other machines, is tlieir cutting the routs into slices, which makes il almost impossible lor Ihe cattle to get hold of them : this machine with a litlle alteration, cuts them into large orsiiiall pieces, of such shape as is m,.st convenient for the catlle to eat. It will cut with ease from one lo two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK &. CO. Nov. 1 . GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CrTTER. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England A-rK-u tnral Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 5| .inil i.2 Nonii Ma kel Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw. Hav au Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle i.oi U-(oi applied lo aHy implement for this purpose. The niosi utoii inenl effects of this application, and some of ihe consequei peculiarities of the machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum ol power rennisit to use It, that the strength of a half grown boy is sulliciei to work it eHicienlly. 2. With even this moderate power, it easily culstwohuvt els a minnle, which is full iwice as fast as hiis been elainie by any other machine even when worked by horse or slcat power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which t li • cut, require sharpening less often ihan ihose t,l any oihe straw cutler. 4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and pi together very strongly. It is therefore not so linlile as Ih. complicated machines in general use lo gel nut ol order LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for iPstinE the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK «!fc CO. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughin" 200 " Truck and leailing Chains. "' 2U0 " Drafl Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO No. 62 North Market st. , HARRIS' TRE.VTISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise onfusects. Price S2. Also, tlie second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price 62i cts. f^h. ig. SHEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in adtance.ot $2 50 if not pak within sixty days. N. B.— Postmasters are permitted by law to frank al subscriptiona and remiitancfcB for newspapers, williOL expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AM) DENNETT. PKINTEBSi 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicdltural Warehodse.) b. XAII.l BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 21, 1844. l\'0. 34. N . E. FARMER. For the New England Fanner. JME, ASHES AND SALT FOR LAND. Mk li.iKCK — In your paper of the Slst of Janu- , a correspondent over the signature of P. 11., 0 " is about commencing fanning operations," ihea for information in regard to the use of lime, les and Ealt as manure for grass land ; what .ntity sown broadcast per acre would be sutfi- •nt, &c. &c. .laving used lime to some extent, I shall offer -;\v remarks in reply to some of his queries, t should not think it the most economical way apply eitlier lime or ashes "broadcast," unless lands contain a large per centage of sulphur 1 iron, and that may be pretty well ascertained hout a chemical analysis, from the nature of the ks or stones, and its producing naturally sorrel, j 1 the running vme, braiIi. x:(ii. NO. 34. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 267 Fifty ton. to the acre have been raise.!, ' «ome of them to feed stock witl. in winter ; yet 1 j boilin- and reducing them to a pulp and mixin? ^ raise very feiv. Tlie R.ila Haga which is believed with a portion ol meal, the animal would cat more ched. even more. These, wiih ruta ba^'tie, sugar ts, and other roota, succeed best when raised ridges. :^if(h. Parsnips. This root has not been extcn- ;ly cultivated for feeding cattle, to my knowl- ■e ; yet in many points it may be considered of Huch or more importance than any other root. )n rich and well manured lands, we have ac- nts of 30 tons having been produced to the ■e. rhc parsnip contains more saccharine matter n the carrot, and have tiie advantage of stand- out all winter, and can be fed fresh from the .und in April and May. This root is very teful to the palate of animals, and liighly con- :ive to their fattening, and it is a iiialter uf as- .ishment that no more attention has been paid its culture. Mr Sea»er, of Townsend, said he had made an jerimentwith plaster on potatoes, and would te the result. He had plowed up a pasture, on ich he planted potatoes. He reserved four vs through the middle of the field, in which no nure was used. In two of these rows he used ,8ter, which was thrown over the potatoes before ly were covered at the time of planting: the intity used was about as much as he could hold the palm of his hand: about the same quantity s applied again on the surface when they were ed. In the other two rows no plaster was used : these, there were many more potatoes in num- r than where the plaster was used, but not half a weight. Those that were plastered were large, .cable, handsome potatoes— the others, fvcry in- rior. The Hon. Morrill Allen, of Pembroke, said : The soils of Massachusetts, I believe are gene- lly favorable fur root culture. Some of them ay require considerable labor in the first prcpara- )n ; deeper stirring and something iimre of ma- iritig, at least in tlie outset, will be necessary an for many oilier crops. I am not aware that ere is any particular difficulty in raising the iriou.ii kinds of roots in any part of the State. /Miat kinds can be raised to great extent, by far- ers generally with profit, is a question of great iterest ? Carrots can be raised in Plymouth lunty from 500 to ;,30t) bushels per acre. The 3it of raising is not very accurately ascertained, ut will not fall much if any thing short of §100. low it is a questionable point whether the farm- rs there can apply to (JOG or 800 bushels of car- jts to farm stuck in a manner to realize even the ost of raising. In the neighborhood of the city, ■here every quart of milk is immediately converti- le into money, it is good policy to provide great nricty of food for cows, but in the interior, where early all the profit from the cow is a more re- lote object, and labor quite as high, it will be ifudent to feed on less expensive food even at the isk (if receiving something less of milk. My views are nearly similar of the several fami- ies of beets. They can be raised to great extent ilmost any where, but in few situations with pro- it. I'arsnipa in some soils I believe might be rai- led at less expense, and probably contain more lutrinieiit for animals than any other roots. The .urnip family can be raised with less expense than iny other roots within my knowledge. With me hey Mill grow almost any where and with very itlle culture. They furnish food of some impor- tance for animals : I should like always to have to contain the most nutriment, cannot be stored in large heaps without producing a surrimnding at- mosphere deleterious bolh to man and beast. One gentleman of my acquaintance ofler storing at considerable! expense a fine crop of Ruta Baga in his cellar, was reduced to the alternative of ta- king them out again, or removing himself and fa- mily. Our situation is widely diflTerent from farmers in England, where the turnip crop can be left in the field nearly or quite through the winter. I have one other objection asaiiist this crop which discourages mo from raising it more than all others: I have never been able to make any other crop succeed well after turnips of any kind. 'I'ho Knglish turnip, which is raised with great ease, seems a great exhauster of soil, and the Ruta Ba- ga is something worse, I know that turnips have long been successfully raised in England, and nothing is heard of the exhaustion of their soil. Jl should be remembered that all the soil of England is now artificial, and that the ammonia produced by sixteen millions of people and their domestic ani- mals must be immense. The exhaustion of soil rarely comes into the account there. But, we must study to keep our land in decent condition with comparatively little manure. For extensive culture, the potatoe seems to me preferable to any of the roots, it will grow with very little cultivation and will amply pay for the best that can be given. When the soil is fa- vorable, well pulverised and good attention given to the selection of thj seed, we obtain from 400 to 700 bushels pr. acre. As food for stock [lotatocs are of less value than carrots, but better than tur- nips. There is less danger of placing them in large heaps, and when not needed for stock, they will always command some price for the use of man, and in seasons of scarcity of provisions, they fill an important place in the market. Having expressed these views of root crops, in conclusion 1 remark, that surface ciops are regar- ded by me as far more valuable : possibly one rea- son of this preference may be the superficiality of my genius. (Concluded on editorial page.) From the Farmer's Cabinet. POTATOES. The time is fast approaching, when the farmer will have to look about and gather up his iinple- menls and prepare for action. It is believed by many that the potatoe may be cultivated to great advantage, both for feeding milch cows and for fatting various kinds of stock, and especially swine. And the question very na- turally arises, whether it is belter to boil them for fattening hogs, or feed them raw. Some appre- hend the labour and expense necessarily incurred by the process of boiling, are allogcther thrown away, and that the apparatus and fixtures for such a process are only a nuisance, and calculated to enhance the labcmrs of the husbandman, and im- pose a direct lax on his time and attention, without a corresponding advantage or profit. It is in- deed difficult to conceive how the prorjesa of boil- ing can add or communicate any additional fatten- ing properties, which they did not possess in their crude state : it might be urged, however, that by and of course fatfcn si.oner : — by such a process he might indeed to the eye appear to fatten faster ; but when dressed and on the scales, the deception would appear ; besides, experience baa taught our best feeders, that to force the fattening process of any animal by very high feeding, is unprofitable, the animal being always in danger of being cloyed and loosing his appetite, and thrown into a fever by too great repletion, which generally requires some considerable time of total abstinence, before he can be restored to his natural appetite — thus making a considerable drawliack on his improve- ment. But instead of all this, we would recommend what we think a more simple and easy way for the farmer to fatten his swine; that is, if he desires potatoes to be a part of their food, which we think would be to his interest: Let him give them at proper stated times, their daily allowance of grain ; say four quarts each per day, either whole or pul- verized, wet or dry, as he pleases, and then let him give them regularly as many raw potatoes as they will eat clean, and let the sty be kept in i/ood order and well littered, and our word for it, his ho"s will show out well, either in the tub or in the market. If tiie feeder's corn is scarce, he can give thein less grain, or if potatoes are scarce, let him give them more grain, regulating his feed as circumstances may re(|uire. The object of this essay, is partly to give pub- licity to a method by which the writer is induced to believe more potatoes might be raised to the acre, than by any other method that has come to his knowledge, and with the least labour. The writer has not had any experience as yet in the process he is about to recommend, but in- tends making the experiment the ensuing season on a small scale, and desires nothing more than that his plan may pass for what it may be thought to be worth. The following is the plan proposed : — Measure off from your corn-stalk field as much land as you desire to plant with potatoes; then haul on ihc manure, giving it a very liberal coat of the best you can obtain ; spread it carefully, then sow it with plaster, at the rale of three or four bushels to the acre ; prepare your seed, and as the mode now is lo plough around the field ; as you do this for oate, drop the potatoes one foot apart in every fur- row ; and as the furrows are generally about a foot wide, you will then have a cutting on every square foot of ground, and admitting tlia plants would yield an average of two ordinary sized potatoes each it has been ascertained that 260 middle si- zed potatoes make a bushel — then as there are 43,.50O square feet in an acre of land ; and calcula- ting 280 potatoes to the bushel, we have a yield of 311 bushels to the acre, which being sold at one- third of a dollar per bushel, would amount to over a hundred dollars ; and they often sell much hgher. All the labour you have after they are planted, is to harrow the ground about the time of their com- ing up: tho tops will so effectually cover the ground as to prevent the weeds from materially Tnjuring them ; being planted e.nrly, they will be ready to harvest by the time you plough your out- stubble for wheat, they can then be turned out with the plough and grappled with the fork in the usual way. " jarmer. The contented are truly rich. 208 NEW ENGLAx\D FARMER DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES. Section Fifth. Of the .Icllnn of the Suits of CaltU Dung. Here it is wo find ourselves thrown on a sea of opinions, without chart, compass, or pilot, if we trust to the conflicting theories which have been set up for land-marks and light-lmuses. l.et us therefore, reader, trust to ourselves, aided by the little chemistry we have learned from the preced- intr remarks about the composition of salts. I have endeavorrd to impress on your memory, that the nrm salt is very comprehensive. But then, to encourage one, it is also to be remember- ed, that salts are compounds of alkalies, earths, and metals with acids. Now the earths, alkalies, metals, may he united to each of the known acids, (and llieir name is leifion,) yet you may not, by this change of acids, alter the nature of the earth, alkali or metal. That always remains the same ; every time you change the acid, you alter the char- acter of the salt. Thus soda may be united to oil of vitriol and form Glauber's salt, or to aquafortis and form South American saltpetre, or to muriatic acid and form common table salt. The soda is called the base or basis of this salt; that is al- ways soda — you do not change its character by changing the acid. To give another example : lime may bo united to carbonic acid and Hirm chalk, or marble, or limestone, or it may be united to oil of vitriol and form plaster of Paris, or to phosphoric acid and form bone-dust. Now, in each case, the base of the salt, that is, the lime, remains unchanged; but, changing the acid, we change the nature of the salt, and of course its effects Will be different. Now it is plain, that where the base of the salt remains the sam.e, that will always act the same, but different effects will be produced by different acids. Each base acts always one way, but each has an action similar to every other. Each acid acts also one -.vay, but each has an action distinct from every other : im- press this on your mind. Reflect upon it a mo- ment, and you will perceive that salts produce dif- ferent effects according to the nature of tlir-ir acid. Now this may be illustrated thus : you take every day, probably, with your every meal, common salt, that Is, soda, a base, united to muriatic acid. Your digestion and health are all the better for it. You give your cattle a little- snlt: it docs them good. Suppose now you change the acid of that%alt, leaving soda, its base, in the same quantity you daily take. Instead of the muriatic, suppose you substitute the nitric acid, or, what is the same thing, suppose *y'>u use saltpetre, from Peru, in. stead of common salt. You need not be told that you would pokson yourself and your cattle by so doing. Y'ou can drink, I dare say you have, cream of tartar punch. You feel the hotter for it. It is refreshing, cooling, opening. Now, cream of tar- tar is a salt of potash : it is potash and tartaric acid. You have a fever: your doctor gives you a sweat with Silvius's salt, that is, acetate of ammo- nia, a salt composed of that and vinegar; or vou take perhaps an effervescing draught, formed of lemon-juice and pearl-ashes. All does you good : but suppose now you change these cooling, vegeta- ble acids for a mineral acid, say oil of vitriol. Y'ou may not take potash united with a dose of oil of vitriol equivalent to the tartaric acid in the cream of tartar, without serious injury. So is it, reader, in farming; the acids of some salts arc not only harmless, but beneficial to plants ; FEE. 81, ls44 Others are actual poisons. In the first case salts help to nourish plants, as common salt helps to nourish yourself; in other cases lliey poison plants, just as they would impair your constitution, per- haps kill you. Hut it is to be remembered, as in our own caso, even those that poison, in a small dose, become medicines, so, in plants, a small dose is not only pood, but truly essential. Now if we divide the acids into two classes, the noiir- ishers and the poisoners, such will also be the na- ture of the salts. When we therefore atlem|it such a general division of tlie salts, it may be said that all the acids derived trom the vegetable king- dom are harmless ; so arc the acids called mine- ral, yet whose components are in part like those of the vegetable acids ; f.r instance, aquafortis or ni- tric acid. But the true mineral acids are poison- ous, such are oil of vitriol and spirits of salt. One thing is here to be borne in mind. It must never be out of sight, in trying to understand how salts ninkc plants grow. You cast your salt upon the ground, it lies tliere, no action occurs. It rains. Your salt is dissolved and disappears; it seems to do no good. Cast your salt now among sprout- ing seeds, and growing roots ; here is life ; well, now, life is just as much a power or force as elec- tricity is. It exerts its force, no matter how, that is quite another consideration. I say, life exerts its force here to separate the acid and the base of a salt, just like a chemical force. We can and do separate the components of salts by other sub- stances, nay, we do it by electricity alone. Now this is all which it is necpssary for you to know, and to understand about this action of plants upon salts: it does disunite the components of the salts. What is the consequence.' The alkali, earth, and metal act as such, the same as if no acid was present. The acid also acts l>y itself; if it is a nourisher, it helps the plant ; if it is a poisoner, it hurts it. It produces either a healthy, green crop, the effect of alkali, or n stunted yellow, sick- ly plant, the effect of acids. Now, neutralize this acid — kill it — and you see your crops start into luxuriance, and you reap where you have strewed. So much for illustration. Let us now apply this view of the action of salts to those contained in cattle dung. In the first place, we have salts of potash, of soda, of lime ; these are the most abundant and active. Then we have ^aits of iron, manganese, of clay and mag- nesia. These last, existing in small proportion, may be thrown out of the account, bearing in mind, however, that, though we set these aside, a plant does not; they enter equally with the others into Its composition. Let us begin with the salts of potash. It is found combined in cattle dung, first, with a vegetable acid, the acid of mould. It is a nourisher of plants. Secondly, with sulphuric acid or the acid of sulphur, called oil of vitriol. This is one of the poisoners, existing only in small proportion in cow dung: it ministers to the wants of a healthy plant. The same is true of the com- mon salt or the muriate of soda of dung. If it ex- isted in larger quantities it would poison the plants to which it might be applied. Tjie next salts are those of lime, phosphate and sulphate of lime, or lime united to sulphuric and phosphoric acid, form- ing plaster and bone-dust. The acids here, if abundant, would have a decided bad influence they arc poisoners: but the carbonic acid in the carbonate of lime, is a nourisher. Now from the small quantity in which these all exist in cattle dung, they act only beneliciolly. Butifyoi) apply a great excess, even of cattle dung, you mav l|i sure of an un'avorahle result, [t will be pmduci by the acids of those salts which we have call, poisonous. To c.intir.ue our remarks on the aci of salts of dung, it is to be observed, that they a also upon the soil. They decompose that. That i-, they extra from the soil alkalies, or other substances, !il those in the original suit. Now though applic as they must be, in very small dnses in catt dung, yet, because of their decomposing action c soil, they continually renew themselves, they la till all their acid is taken up to supply the wan of growing plants. Let us now, reader, if you understand how tl acids of the salts of dung act, turn to the bases the alkalies and metals and earths of these sail What is their action.' What purpose do tht serve in dung applied as manure ? First, they e ter into and form a part of the living plant: tht form a part of its necessary food as much as ( the constituents of mould. Secondly, when the: alkalies and metallic bases are let loose, by tl disuniting power of a growing plant, then they a as alkalies upon mould. They hasten decay, re. der mould more soluble, fit it to become food f< plants. This account of the action of mould and salts : cattle dung, may appear to you, reader, long ar hard to be understood. I do request you not I' pass it over on that account. A patient reading-, perhaps some may require two or more readings- will put you in possession of all you need to knov to understand the why and the wherefore of the ai tion of mould and salts of whatever manure ma be used. What has been said of the action ( mould and salts in cattle dung, is equally applic! ble to all manures. Jf, then, you bend your bonf to this subject, and master it, your labor of undei standing the action of other manures, will be rt duced to the mere statement of the several substar CCS which they may contain. We therefore pre cecd to point out other manures, composed of th droppings of animals. Section Sixth. Of A'ight Soil, Hog Manure, Horse and Shee; Dung. These have not all been analysed with the sam degree of care, and as often, as has cattle dung Some, as for instance, night soil, have been exam ined thoroughly but once. Now, it is not quit fair to base our reasoning upon these single analy ses, and say that this or that manure" contain this or that salt in greater or less quantity thai another. The quantity and kind of salts are materially af fected by several circumstances, which will h> considered in the next section. An analysis madi when the animal is fed and worked one way, wil vary from the result which would be obtainei when the circumstances are varied. It is there fore, quite useless, in the general consideration o the composition of manures, to enter upon the de tails of each. General results, general expres sions of facts, are suliicient for understanding tht' nature of animal droppings. It is well afcertained however, that all these droppings, of various ani.l mals, contain essentially the Siimo salts as does cattle dung. They all contain portions of each ol the substances which form plants. It will be enough for the purpose of this Essay, to present Ic' (»L. X-.II. NO. 3*. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 269 eye, reader, a table, showing tlie proportions Iter, mould, .ind salts, which the dinig of yoiir- ind your stock contain. Wutcr. Mould. Sails. it soil and hoj manure, 7.i.;i0 23.50 1.20 e dun?, 71.20 27.00 .90 p dunj, G7 90 22 50 3.06 (To be conlinueil.) R.MSING CALVES, le modes of rearing' calves, ns described by a ■er of gentlemen in the late discussions at Ualo House, were so various, and the opinions 'ssed of so opposite a character, that we felt ins to know the course pursued by a respett- iond, Lovett Peters, Esq., who has had much •icnce, and in whose judgement we have confidence. We addressed a note to him, lich he has responded in the fdllowing commu- lon, for which he has our hearty thanks. We the same disposition to communicate their ex- nce, was manifest in many other of our ajri- ral friends. — Ed. • Breck — Sir — Agreeably to your request, I itate my method of raisinfj calves. ake my calves from tiie cow when one or two old, and learn them to drink milk, two quarts inie, twice a day, which is as much as a calf ake till he has learned to drink well, which >c in two days, when learned in my fashion ; increase the quantity to three quarts at a time. 1 tlie calf is one or two weeks old, set the the half of twentyfour hours, take oft' the ii, warm the milk to blood heat, and give it In nd case should a calf have milk colder blood warm ; as cold, or nearly cold milk ;ertainly make a calf scour. When the calf ee weeks old, let the milk stand twentyfour I, skim, and warm, and increase the quantity jr quarts at a time, until he is at least eight sold ; then give him less every day, till it is jht best to stop entirely. I have tried por- , and Indian meal put into milk, but uniformly 1 that skim milk alone is best, ime find it difficult to learn calves to drink: eneral practice is, to put the fingers into the I mouth ; some fi.x something at the bottom of ugh, to serve as a teat : this last is not a good ice, for by it the calf never learns to drink, y method is the following: have a piggin, put ill quantity of milk in first, (lest the calf spill Put, the hand over the calPs nose, the thumb le side, and the fingers on the other; force ose into the milk and hold it there : he will but little the first time ; the second time he do better ; and oftener than otherwise will as much the second lime as he needs, irmerly it frequently happened that we were led to learn calves to drink ; but since wo practiced as above stated, we have had no ulty. Some think it best to let a calf suck , is three or four months old ; I have tried and have not found it the best way for me : it too much. Calves that are raised by sucking 1 three or four months, require better keeping after than those raised on skimmed milk : the r if kept well through the first winter, will al- be more hardy the former ; and at three or years old, will bo as large and as well shaped. 3ars gone, when butter sold at a good price, I made while my calves drank skim milk, jht me aa much money as the calf would if fattened ; so that the calf cost but very little, ex- ccpt the labor in tending. My cows which have been raised on skimmed milk and meadow hay, have grown tn a good size, and when fattened, have weighed, when slaughtered, eight, and some ten hundred, and had in some instances, 120 lbs. rough tallow. So you see, raising calves on skimmed milk, does not make very mean cattle. Many have been tlie remedies recommentied for calves when they scour: I have tried most of them, but have had better success with the follow, ing than with any other. It is, half a pint of cider, and as much blood, taken from the calf's neck, shook well together, and given him with a bottle. LOVETT PETERS. Westboro\ Feb. I2(A, 1844. For the N. E. Farmer. REARING CALVES ON "SKIM MILK." Mr lireck — I was glad to perceive in the re- marks of Col. Jaques at one of the late agricultu- ral meetings at the State House, as published in your paper, that he discountenanced the practice of taking calves (intended to be reared,) from their mothers at a day or two old, and feeding them thereafter during their cnlfhood, on " skim milk" or "skim milk porridge." Such a course, reason- ing, as the lawyers say, either a priori or a posteri- ori, seems in the highest degree injudicious, and I am glad to see it denounced by so experienced and enlightened a breeder as Col. Jaques. It is as unnatural as it is impolitic — and they who adopt it for present gain, do it, most likely, at the ex- pense of future loss. Milk in the state it comes from the cow, (and particularly the. first after calving,) contains the es- sential elements which make the constitution of the ofi'spring ; — it is just what the calf needs: — this is a law of nature, and cannot, therefore, be violated with. impunity. HojB soon a calf should be taught to occustom itself to other nourishment, may be a matter of question ; but that this should not be attempted earlier than six weeks after birth, I think is beyond all question. I judge so from simple reason, asiile from the knowledge imparted to the same effect by the science of animal physiology. As to "skim milk" alone, or " skim milk"yij:cns being a proper food for calves designed for rearing, the bare idea is ridiculous enough, and no one, it may be supposed, who consulted his true interest, would practice it, were he possessed of knowledge which the science of chemistry — animal chemistry — imparls. With the brute creation no less than with the human species, it is true, that the consti- tution of the mature animal depends, in a great measure, upon the treatment it received in its youth, and hereditary influences ; and the sooner this truth shall have its due influence with our far- mers generally, and triumph over ill-judged econo- my and prejudice for antiquated customs, the soon- er shall we have an improvement in the charac- ter of our stock — ^and, wlmt is even more desirable, an improvement in the character of our ow^n species. Why, it might be asked^and it certainly seems to me a rational question — why do we deem it es- sential to nourish our babes with gooil, rick milk, when taken from the mother, yet give our calves that which has been divested of the best of its nour- ishing properties? Why not look to ulterior con- sequences in the one case as well as in the other .' Would a race of men brought up on " skivi milk" — (Judas! what an ideal) — be as vigorous and eflTec- tive as one that had been reared on the pure, un- skimmed liquid ? i do n't believe they would, whatever others may think of it. I do not wish to be understood to say that a calf raised on " skim milk" or other nipan food, may net make what is now ponerally deemed a good cow : my question is, would it not be productive of im- provement in the character of our stock — especial- ly as breeders — were the mode of rearing calves practiced by Col. Jaques, generally adopted .' If any are disposed to laugh at these sug- gestions as " only theory," be it so — and I shall have the gratification of knowing that if I have not ministered to the edification of any, I have at least contributed to the mtrritnent of some — and this, in my philosophy, is not an entirely worthless object. However, I would say to those who may be excited to laughter rather than to reflection by my ideas, that, claiming no infallibility of judgment, and well aware that " there ore more things in heaven and earth than were everdreampt of in my philoso- phy," they cannot e.xcite my angtr by merely making themselves merry with (what tliey may deem) my speculative notions,— ^and this is said to encourage those who see heresy in my views, to meet and confute them (if they can,) without fear of finding in rne an irritable or bigoted opponent. "He that will not reason, is a bigot ; he that can not, is a fool ; and lie that (/are not, is a slave." I subscribe myself yours, and an Anti-Skim-milk-er. Hull, (near Jimerica,) Fih. 1844. (U^VVell, here we have a correspondent who shows " war to the" — quill-end against our friend Peters and others of like faith in the virtues of "skim milk." He is evidently no "call" himself, whatever may be the merit of his opinions on the subject of calves. As he has challenged others to enter the arena with him, we will merely assume the position of an "armed neutrality" and watch the movements. — Ed. SEA-WEED AS MANURE. S We copy the following from the Mark-Lane (London) Express : Sir — In answer to an " Isle of Wight Farmer," concerning sea-weed, in your paper of the 20th iiist., I beg to say that the best way of rotting the weed is, to mix It with other manures in the yard. I'y experience, I have found that putting it in a heap by itself, it decays away almost to nothing. If he has got plenty of straw to mix with it, and the other manures, it is astonishing how soon it converts them into excellent manure. The crops that I have found it to suit best when so mixed, were turnips and barley. I have known it when ajiplicd in this way, to produce barley weighing 2 lbs. per bushel more than that dressed with farm-yard dung. I have known it to produce good crops of oats, when plowed into the land fresh from the sea ; but this way of using it en- courages the growth of weeds ; hut by being fer- mented with other manures, checks it. An Agricl'ltlrist. Aoi;. •30//i, lgi;i Locke, being asked how he accumulated so much knowledge, replied, it was by not being ashamed to ask for inturmatioii. 270 NEW ENGLAND FARMER FEB. 31,IS1< AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited by Joseph Breck. Boston, Wednesday, Feb. 21, 1844. SIXTH AGRICULTURAI, MEKTING AT THE STATE HOUSE. (Cnnlinued from page 207.) Mr Slons, nf Beverly, said, in reference In these Agri- cultural discussions, that we appenred to he getting at the " root" (if the matter. T!ie gentleman who first spoke, in his remarks on potatoes, had called up some reminiscences, for he had been glad in times past to call in the assistance of Mr B 's predecessor, to help him out in a mailer where his vor.»':tty was at slake, relalive to his account of a large crop of this \aluahle roof. The potalo, lie considered one of the most valuable pools cullivaled : no esculent entering so largely in domestic consumption. In this respect there had been a great change within the last two generations. A neighbor in- formed him that his grandfather told him, that turnips were used instead of potatoes ; that one year he laid up 50 bushels of turnips for family use, and had that year a wonderful crop of G bushels of potatoes : that he was disturbed at the great quanlity, and troubled to get rid of them. It was now quite the reverse ; many families would lay in 50 bushels of potatoes, and not know what to do with the 0 bushels of turnips. In his neighborhood, the cultivation of roots for cattle was attracting the a'.tentinn of farmers, and many raise them extensively. Mr Stone alluded to the accounts which were published a few years ago in the newspa- pers, conce.-ning the value tif the sugar beet for caltle. A neighbor of his who had a largo number of cattle was induced by reading these accounts to procure the seed and cultivate it for his entile, but it did not come up to his ejtpeclalions. Mr Stone said it was a good root but not equal in value to the carrot ; his neighbour thouglit his cows produced more milk and of a better quality when fed on carrots, than when beets were used. He was satisfied there was not merit enough in the beets to give them a claim upon more attention than was bestow- ed upon other roots. In M. Stone's neighborhood, many substituted carrots in part for grain, and it was found that horses particularly, thrived better than when fed on grairi alone. As to the value of roots, it depended upon circumstances : there was no rule that would an- swer fur all locations to apply indiscriminately. I'arm- ers should not be too much influeoced by accounls in the newspapers, as the facls related although true, took place under peculiar circiinistanccs, willi regard to soil, climate, distance from market, &c. He tliought, how- ever, all would find it for their interest to raise some pfirlion of their fo{)d for cattle in roots. Mr Hobbs, said it was no doubt the want of proper care in selecting the best potatoes for seed, which had given rise to the complaints of iheir deicneraling. A neighbor of his had planted the " long red," ever since it was introduced, more than 30 years ago, nnJ the pota- toes were as fine in quality and as produ'-iive as at first, and he thought there was no better kind in the market : this gentleman always saved the best for seed. Mr Hobbs remarked that he knew it was the custom of some fartners to plant their small potatoes, on account of their being less saleable; but when small potatoes arc pl-inled, it must be expected that the produce will be of the same quality, and if such a course must be pcr- •iaied in, farmers must expect their potatoes to degene- rate. He remarked thai carrots were particularly good for horses : he could speak from experience : he was in the habit of giving them to liis horses in equal porportions with grain. Mr Knowies of Eastham, said he did not pretend to know much about agriculture, living as he did, on the barren sand of Capo Cod. But he would endeavor to say a few words about roots. It was a general in)prcs- sion Ito said, that cattle on the Cape lived on salt fisli and herring, but he had seen this mode of (eeding prac- ticed only in one town, viz. I'rovincetown. He said theie were many small hog holes interspersed tiirough- out his town, which when properly cleared and drained, and sand, muscles and other shell fish had been carted oil, produced a great abundance of very fine roots of ex- cellent quality. So many were raised simie years that it was found extremely difficult to dispose of Iheni to a profit, as they were at a distance from the market. Mr Cole remarked that economy was of great impor- tance in every branch of farming, but especially in rai- sino- roots ; said ho had an account where roots had been produced at 4 cents per bushel. He thought it best to prepare the land in the fall, that the manure should then be ploughed in ; some he knew would object to this course, but as he thought manure would not filtrate, there could be no disadvantage in it. As the roots of plants penetrate very deep, it was impor- tant the soil be thoroughly and deeply pulverized. As soon as the weeds began to start in the spring, the ground should be plowed or harrowed again, to destroy them, and the process should be repeated as often as they ap- pear, until the last of May — when the seed should be sprouted hy soaking and sowed. He thought by this mode one half the labor would be saved on account of less trouble from weeds. [Unless Mr Cole's land is diffe- rent from ours, we should not suppose any thing would be gained by this course. We might deslroy our weeds in the same way till the middle of July and so on — and the same evil must be contended with. Until the plant shade the ground, the weeds will continue to annoy the cultivator ; this is our opinion.— Ed.] In regard to potatoes, it was found by experiment that they would not mix when'planted promiscuously togeth- er when propagated from the roots. [Nature as well as science tells us that there can be no mixture of varieties except from seedling plants, and then from fructifying one flower from the pollen of another. Our florists are fully experienced on this point : they can keep their hundreds of varieties and even tliousands distinct from generation to generation, whe- ther their roots are fibrous, bulbous or tuberous, when planted in beds together : but how easy (or them to pro- duce a flower to suit tlwir fancy by judicious crossing. —Ed.] Mr Cole thought two bushels of carrots could be rai- sed with as much ease as one busiiel of potatoes : there might be a saving in raising carrots to sow ihera in dou- ble rows, witli a suflicient space between, to use the plough or cultivator. Mr Allen enquired whether potatoes when planted together would retain their flavor. Mr Cole said it was the practice of Ins father to plant two particular varie- ties together ; this had been done many successive years without any change. Mr Buckminsler said, the great objection to raising roots, appeared to be the cost. He should like to Know by what process roots could be raised at 4 cenls per bushel. Mr Cole said the case he alluded to was where a man sowed an ounce of turnep seed on a lot of new land which had been burnt over. That 180 bushels were produced which only cost 4 cents per bushel. .Mr Melealf, of Medway, saiti he would relate the ex- pe icnce of a neighbor in feeding carrots and rula baga to milch cows. He fed on carrots one week, and ti on rula baga, and fnund the quantity of milk increa one-third when fed on rula baga : the next week i rots were used, and the qiianiily diminished ; but w put on rula bagas again, it was increased, as be(. Thecxperimcni was repeated, always willi the s! result. This was in the winter season. ISo unplca^ flavor is given to the milk, if the cows are milked fore feeding. Mr M. said he had experimented v potatoes, by planting a part on long manure from stable, and the other part on hog manure. He obser a striking difference in the growih between ih Those on the hog manure looked very luxuriant green, while those on the long manure looked pale sickly. In digging, he found those manured with hog manure produced one-third more. Mr Gardner, of Bristol, said he had a word to sa regard to the deterioration of the potato, when 1 planted. He said the Chenango potato had been 1 •>0 years in cultivation, and was to this day consid' the best variety, and brought the highest price in city of Providence. He thought the remarks madi Mr Allen about cutting potatoes, strictly true. It impoitant to select the finest ones for seed. In relation to the cultivation of the carrot crop thought by sprouting the seed before sowing, a sa of labor in weeding would be eflfected. He said great difficulty to be encountered was, to keep I free from weeds, and with this care, a great crop c be raised ; but farmers generally had so many c matters of importance to attend to that they could spend so much lime in weeding carrots as was requ Mr Haywood said he should like to get some ins lion from practical farmers in relation to manuriri" hog manure. He planted one year, one busliel of 1 Red potatoes from which he dug 2-2 bushels. The year, he manured with hog manure; the vines loi very fine, and he expectid a large return, but was s disappointed in the result. He attributed the failu the hog manure, for tlo' land and season were good. Mr Smith, of S. Hadley, thought the potato ci valuable one ; but when he thought of the toil in ging the crop in his young days, it even nov.' make fingers ache. He thuight the turnip crop of more portance to the farmer. His mode was to give j dressing of ashes on the prepared land, which witi seed was brushed in. They were the cheapest I and good for fattening catile, pro\ided they were used for the last few weeks belore butchering. Mr Allen remarked that in Ills experience liog nure was very unfavorable to the potato crop. Mr Sheldon, a drover, had some experience in r« roots. He considered potatoes the most important — next carrots. He thought twice the quanlity ol rots could be raised on a given quantity of ground, of potatoes, but they required twice as much ma and twice as much labor. He thought he laiser bushels ol potatoes as easy and ut ns little exptns the following manner He carted his manure i field where corn was raised the year before : this left in heaps and afterwards spread : the potatnes then put between the old hills, wliich wore then with the plow, and the potatoes thus covered, thought potatoes were better for fattening cattle any other root. He had never bought an ox iha been fattened on potatoes, but turned out as well ; expected. Mr S. said his son had a beautiful pi fat three-year old steers, that had no other feed than grass and potatoes. Carrots were belier than tut wern more like grain, and kept creatures in better dition ; the milk when fed on carrots, was of 1 quality and produced moie butter. He estimate turnip criip as he sliould a "friend in need." found his hfly and potsto crops were comin" sht turnip crop could be raised late in the season, a such an extremity it was highly to be prized. Mr B. V. French said he had been very much i ested in the discussion, but it would have been i more so had the cost of cultivating the different been slated. He said there was a vagueness abou statements which he hoped would be corrected. He would suggest an easy mode of raising roots, year he had a good crop ot Chenanjro potatoes, « lie got ofl' the field in season to sow Norfolk turnip from which he obtained a good second crop of this i he sowed very little seed. The turnip crop was a exhausting one. Several other gentlemen spoke on the subject i interesting manner, whose remarks are neccssaril eluded for want of roi>m. XXII, NO. 31. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 271 TllKllMOMETIUCAL. Itrpdrted lor liie i\ew Eiiglaml Farnipr. ^eti lUf. riiei tiKJiiieleriit tlieCiardeiiof the pniprteloiB i\ew England Farmer, UriglUun, M;(H9. in n slmdcti ;rly pxp')stire, for the week cmiing Feb. 18. . 1844. 1 7.A.M. t2,.M. 5,l».iM. Winrf. ly. 12 6 as 19 N. W. dV, 13 14 33 32 S. !sdny, l-l 2S 36 31 N. W. lay, 1.-, U 34 3(1 ^. IC 31 32 36 i\. w. "Xi 17 1 19 47 32 s y. 18 1 8 12 11 N. W. .liru.N MAUKKT.— MoM.At, Feb. 19, Iij41. Kfl'drtf il rtirthe N. K. t'lirmer. .Market 5U0 Duuf Cattle, 900 Sheep and 40 'allle unEold. ;£8. — lleej Cattle. — The prices obtained last week ike quality were hnrdly Hustaiiied. We quote a Ira $4 75 a $5, first quality $4 95 a $4 50, se- [ualily $4 (10 a $ 4 25, third quality .$3 50 a $4. p.— Small lilts were sold from $1 50 to $2 00. :rs from $2 75 to $4 00. IC. — None at market. 5. We noticed eight premium cattle which arri- Ihe cari from Connecticut, after the dote of tlie t. VIIOLES.\LE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected iz'Uh great care, weekly. OS. Herds Grass, $2 37^ to 2 62 per hushel. Red Top 0 cents. Clover — Northern, OU lo 12c. — Southern, 10 Klan Seed, Si 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Seed. S2 75 per bushel. IN. The arrivals since our last report amount to 0,000 bushels. A considerable portion of the arri- lout 16.000 bushels, is going into store on account of nds. . — Northern, new, bushel 00 to 00— Southern, round , old, 00 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 49 a 50 — . white 46 n 47 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Biirley — llye, Northern, 70 a 72— do. Southern, 00 a 00 — joulhern, 30 a 32' — Northern do. 34 to 35 — Beans, per 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 30 a 40 —Bran, lUR. There has been less activity in market during it week, but as slocks are not large for the season, are well supported for all descriptions, imore, Howard Street, 4 mos.cr. So 00 a 5 12i — do. So 00 a b 00— do. free of garlic. So 00 a 5 ISj— Phila- i do. 4 mos. So 00 a 5 00 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 5 GO a 6 12 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 00. •getown, S5 12 a 5 50— Richmond Canal, S5 00 a 5 12 ;uy, *aoOa 1100— Petersburgh, South side 80 00 a 0 00 jouniryij 00 a 5 50 — Genesee, common, cash, *5 18 a do lancy brands S.> 37 a 5 02 — Ohio, via Canal, 0 00— do do ^\■w Orleans, cash SS Oil a's 50. Rye, 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 7D a 2 87. VISIONS. There is a little more firmness in the for good qualities, and the private operations of the ave been at present quotations. -Mess 4 110. new bbl. $7 00 a 7 25— Navy— SO 25 a Xo. I, So 00 -T 0 00— do Prime 85 00 a 5 50— fork- dear 4 mo. bid. S12 00 a 12 50— do Clear il I 50 a 12 00 ::ss, 9 50 a 10 OU— do Prime S3 50 a 0 00— do Mess Cher Stales, — a do Prime do do So 00 n u 00 •go do. 0 a 0 00 — — Clear do do 300 00 a 00 00— shipping, 12 a 14— do store, uninspected, 0 a 00— do 14 els. a 17— Lard, No. I, Boston iiis. ej a 7 —do and Western, 64 a 7 — Hams, Boston, o a 0 — ■n and Western, 5 a 5i— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 reeal, —do new milk, 4 J a 54. )L. Duly. The value whereof at the place of ei- 10 shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, ai llwliereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per val. and 3 cts. per pound. islic Wool of all descriptions is in active demand, ces improving. e or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 41 c. — Amer- 11 blood, do 35 a 37— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 35— Do. 1-2 do 3—1-4 and common do 25 a 28 — Smyrna Sheep, , 20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 9 a 13 — Bengasi do 6 aI3 — Saxony, clean, 00 — Buenos A^ res 1111 pit ked, 7 a 10-" do. do. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern polled lamb 30 a 35— No. 1 do, do. do. 27 a 30 — No. 2 do flo do 22 a 25— No. 3 do do do 15 a 18. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. The receipts of the week are 75 bales, on account of grow, ers, which brought G 3-4 a 7c. Islsort .Mass. 1343, lb. S 3-4 a 7 1-4; 2d do 4 1-2 a 5 1-4. HAV, 14 lo 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed «lu lo 12. EGGS, 15 a 13. POULTRY. Turkies per lb. from 9 to I2cts.— Geese common 7 lo 9— Bremen 10 lo 12— Chickens 6 10 10— Ducks 3 10 10. CO. WANTS A SITUATION AS GAKDNBR, A middle aged married man, has a practical knowledge of the management of Vines, Greenhouse Plants, the Flower and Kitchen Garden : is also well acquainted with the Prun- ing and Training of wall Trees has had mure then 20 ye.irs' expeiience, can have a good character if required from the place he is leaving. Apply 10 JOSKPH BRECK & CO., No. 51 North Mar- ket Street, Boston. Feb. 14. WANTS A SITUATION AS U\Ri)NKl{. A young man who understands the Green House, Hot House, Forcing, Nursery, Flower and Kilhen Garilening, in all its various branches, and who has had several years ex- perience in one of the best places in New England, wishes a situation in any private or public establishment. Can fur- nish the best reference. A line addressed to If, W. O. Roxbury, Mass., will com- mand immediate atteniiou. Feb. 14. SITUATION WANTED AS GARDNER By a man who understands the management of a Green- house perfectly, and the Flower Garden generally. Good references given. Apply to J. BKKCK & CO., 52 North Market St. Feb. 7. POUDRETTE I PoUDRETTE I ! The subscribers keep constantly on hand, and for sale Poudrette in quantilies lo suit purchasers j packed in Bar- rels in order for shipping, or transportation by wagon or Hail Road. The experience of five years past has satitfied many far- mers, that this manure has the quickest operation upon veg- etable matter, producing grealer abundance, and is the cheap- est manure they have ever tried. Orders left at the New England Seeil Store, and at the factory in Brookline, will meet with prompt altention. For sale by J. BRECK & Co., 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. Oct 26. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved wiih a loot treader, is lound 10 be a great improve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more ill use, and wherever used, give universal salisfaciion. The rollers can be attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK & Co., No. 51 North iMarket street. PU1IIPKIN SEED WANTED. The subscribers will pay a fair price for a few bushels of the " old fashioned yellow Pumpkin Seed," suitable for planting. JOoEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Nov. 23. GARDEN &, FLOWER SEEDS FROAI LONDON. We have received, by the Barque Huntress, from London, a choice assortment of GAHDE.N AND FLOWER SEEDS. We have also received the invoices of three other shipments of Seeds and Trees, which arc expected to arrive in the course of 30 days, which will give us the largest and most choice collection of SEEDS AND TREES ever oflered by us. Our customers and friends are requested 10 send m tbeir orders. JOSEPH BHECK &, CO. Boston, Dec. 27th, 1843. SUPERIOR SALT FOR THE DAIRY. For sale at the Grist Mdl 111 Beach St., superior Jine Salt, ground from the very best of Bonajre and St Martin's Salt, and is decidedly the best and cheapest article for the Dairy and family use, being of nearly double strength and muctt purer ihaii the Liverpool salt. For sale by A. SHIVERICK and HOWES &CROVVELL, Boston, Dec. 27. 3ino 36 Commercial wharf. HUCK MANUAL. The Farmer's Muek Manual, by Dr. S. L. Dana— price 62 1-2 cents, for sale by '" ~ " Dec. 11. JOS. BRECK & CO. JOSEPH DRECK & NEW ENGLAND .^i^ricultural IVarefiouse AND S2ED STORE. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. JOSEPH HRECK & CO. buving received a lull and gen- eral assonment of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEED.S, woriliy of cultivation, confidently recommend ihem as being pure and of the first qualiiies, unmixed with other varieties; they have no hesitalion in saying that their collection of Seeds is the best, and ot the greatest variety ever offered for sale at any establishment in the U, Stales, and would invite all to send m their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply themselves with the choicest va- rieties in good season lor the Spring pianling. The following are a lew of the most important kinds which Ihey ofl'er wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf do, Charllon, do. Frame, do. Warwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Womirnrd's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Uwarf, for borders, Knights' Dwarf, Dwarf Marrowfats, Tall do, BEANS. Lima, Saba, Horticultural Pole, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Ked Cranberrj Pole, While do. do. Kiil- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &,e. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead. Late Sugar-loaf, Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early York, Battersea, Va- nack, Hope, Early Sugar-loaf, with a complete variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Turnip Beets, French Sogar Beets. Man- gel Wurtzel, Ruta Baga, Long Orange, Early Horn and White Field Carrots, Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broc- colis of all sorls. Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- jorum, Sage, Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than twenty fine varieties. They have ju.?t received per Ship Minerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower Seeds, which together wilh an assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever offered for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Green-house Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots, and all Nurserf productions furnished at one day's notice, and when requested, can be packed in mats and boxes, so as lo be sent to Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms with Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with print- ed directions on each package for its mauagemeni and cui- tivaliou. GRASS SEEDS, At wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Grass, a first rale article for Lawns. Clover Seed, Red and While, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl .Meadow, Northern and Southern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet. Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., &c., of the best quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDE.N IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz :— 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2u0 Common tio. do, 200 Cultivators, luo Greene's Straw Cullers, 50 Willis' do. do. too Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Shillers, 60 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 60 do. Vege- table Cutlers, 50 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Stones, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do, 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patent Snailhs,200do. Common do,, 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do,,20u do. Manure Forks, 3i'0do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do, 60 doz. Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. TIE UP CHAINS!— Just received by the "Oceanus" 300 Chains for lying up cattle. These chains, introduced by E. H. Derbv, Esq, of Salem, and Col, Jacques, for the purpose of securing cattle to the stall, are found to be the safest and most convenient mode of fastening cows and oxea 10 the stancliioii. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse ami Seed Store, 51 ? and 52 North Market Street, Boston. \ Feb. 21, 1844. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornainenlat Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable time to transplant many Trees and _ Pl.inis, and often times mote convenient than in s|iriiiL,', We have as great a variety of Applc.>-', Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Ciuniccs, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and ofler them at tlie lowest prices. JOSEI'H BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. NEW ENGLAND FARMER PKB, 21, 184 MISCELLANEOUS The Poet's Dog. — Theniniiner in which Pope, the groat English poet, was preserved by the sa- gacity of his dog, is truly remarkable. Tliis ani- mal, who was called Marquis, could never agree with a favorite servant of liis master : he constant- ly growled when near him, and would even show his teeth whenever the servant ai)proached. Al- though the poet wassingularly attached to this dog, >vhich was a spaniel of the largest species, yet, on account of his extreme nRatness, he would never allow him to he in bis chamber at night. Never- theless, 1n spite of positive orders, the spaniel would frequently sneaU, towards evening, into the ap:irtment of liis master, and would not be driven from it without the greatest dillioulty. One evening, iiaving slipped very slily in wiihout being perceived, the animal placed himself under his master's bed, and remained there. Towards morning, the servant above referred to, entered the chamber of Pope. At this moment, the dog sud- denly left his post and leaped on the villain, who was armed with a pistol. The poet started from his sleep, and throwing ojien the window to call for assistance, he beheld three highwaymen, who had been introduced by his servant into the garden ot his villa, for the purpose of robbing him. Dis- concerted by this iniforeseen accident, the robber hesitated a moment, and then took flight. The servant thus betrayed by the watchful dog, was sentenced to forfeit his life. The same dog, shortly after this singular event, exhibited another proof of his remarkable instinct. Pope, reposing one afternoon in a little wood about twelve miles distant from his house, lost a watch of great value. He did not discover his loss until he had reached home. Two or three hours had elapsed, anil a violent storm was just commencing. The poet called his dog, and making a sign, which Rlarquis very well understood, he said, " I have lost my watch — go look for it." At these words Jlarquis departed, and repaired, no doubt, to every spot at wliich his master stopped. The poor animal was so long occupied in the search, as to create great anxiety, for midnight had arrived, and he had not returned. What was the astonishment of Pope, when on rising in the morn- ing, he opened his chamber door, and there beheld his faithful messenger, lying quietly, and holding in his mouth the costly jewel, with which he had returned perfectly uninjured, and which was the more highly valued by the poet, from its having been presented to liini by the Queen of fc^ngland. — .Ven-i/'s Museum. The following frightful statement as to the spirit- ual ignorance now existing in Liverpool, (Eng.) was lately made at a meeting of the town ntission there: "There are 65,000 adults who never enter a place of worship, except at a marriage or a fune- ral ; 12,000 adults, canimt read; 11,000 families have not a solitary fragment of the Word of God, and 25,000 children go to no schools whatever." How dependant a thing is human excellence ! What is beauty without soaj) ! A veneiabia clergyman of a country parish, tak- ing a morning walk, overtook a little boy leading a fractious calf to pasture. The reverend gentle- man came up to the boy, and said, " My lad, do you not know that you should raise your hat when- ever you see me ?" " I expect I oughter," answer- ed the boy, "and 1 will, if you 'II onny hold my calf the whdst." A fellow having drank too much when mowing, was oblised to craw) home on his hands and knees. While performing this nice operation through a pasture, the father of a flock of sheep perceiving a black thing approaching, lowered hia head also, and making a rush, knocked the ' corned' thing head over heels. Robert Owen, the atheist, told John Randolph that the day would come when mankind should dis- cover the principle of vitality, and of course learn to live forever. " Are you not" aware," said he, " that in Egypt, by artificial heat, the people cre- ate thousands of cliickens." " Yes," replied Randolph, "but you forget to tell us who furfiishes iht eggs. Show me the man who can lay an egg, and I '11 agree to your parallel case." The proposition was a poser. Pun for Pun. — A young lawyer being very as- siduous in his attentions to a young lady, a wit ob- served that he never heard of making love by allor- ney." " Well," replied the other, " but you should remember that all Cupid's votaries are solicitors." A man by the name of New got married, and named his first born " Something," wliich of course was Something .Vciti. His second was christened " Nothing," It being JVothhig J^'eia. PATENT COllfi SUELliER. A Corn Fhellcr is one of the most convenient and labor savins implemenls that the practical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. It can he used in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and duralde in its operation, and no way liahle to gel out of order; one man can work il to good advantage, ttiongh a man to turn, and a boy to feed it, worlis it mucli t-etter than one alone. Tiiey are so lirrhl and portable, as to he easily removed from place to place, and one machine will serve lor several families or even the in- habitants of a small town. For sale at the Asricuitural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos 51 and 52 North Market Street JOSEPH BRECK &. CO. Nov. I. AViLL,IS'S LATEST I.HPKOVED VEGETABLE CUTTER. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 62 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved Vegetalde Culler. Tliis machine surpasses all others ior the purpose oi Culling Kuta Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, and oiher root?. The great objcclion lo other matdiines, is their cutting tlie roots into slices, which makes il almost inuiossihle lor the cattle lo gel hold of them : this machine willi a litlle alteration, culs fhem into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most eonvenienl for the cattle lo eat. It will cut vviUi ease from one to two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BIIECK &. CO. Nov. 1 . DRAFT AND TRACE CIIAIKS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Ciiains 200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market st. HARRIS' TRE.VTISE OIV INSECTS. For sale by JCSEPH DRECK&CO., Hams' Treatise on liisecls. Price *J. Also, the second edition of Dana's Mud; Manual, price C2j cts. Feb. 15. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGl Great improvements have been made the past year form and workmanship oi these Ploughs; the mould has lieen so formed as to laii the furrow nompletely lurniuff in every particle of grass or stubble, and tear ' ground in the best possible manner. The length mould board has be n very much increased, so ihi Plough works with the greatest ease, both with resi the holding and the team. The Committee at the lal ol Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Pli we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps the inquirer, it your land is mostly lighrand easy to try Prouty & Mears, but if vour lan'dis heavy, hard oi BEGIN WITH Mil. HOWABD'S.'' At the above me:;t;oned trial the Howard Pl^ug more work, with the same pexi>er of team, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenn .Tud one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, wh' Hoicard Plough turned twentunine and nne'hulfinr the same power of team .' All acknowledge tha'l Ho' Ploughs are much the strongest and most substa. made. There has been quite an improvement made on th< or land side o/ this Plough, which can be renewed v. having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise s the mould board and landside together, and streugthe Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to »15. A P sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost Sio 50, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, extra. The .Tbove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and re' the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & ( GREEN'S PATEKT .S f RAW CUTTER. JOSEPH BKECK &. CO. al the New England Ai tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and62Nonl ket Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, Ha Slalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not applied lo any implement for this purpose. The most inent effects of this application, and some of the consi peculiarities of the machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power rec lo use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sul lo work il efticiently. 2. With even this moderate power, it easilycutstwo els a minuie, which is full twice as fast as has been cl by any other machine even when worked by horse or power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whic cut. require sharpening less often ihan those of any straw cutter. 4. The machine is simple in its conslruclion, made a together very strongly. It is Iherebire not so liable complicated machines in general use lii get out of or LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for U the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & ( NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $9 per year in advance, oi $2 50 ifno within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to fra subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, w expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT. PRINTERS) 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Ageiculturai. Wahehodse.) I.\II.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 28, 1844. [KO. 35. N . E. FARMER, From tlie Cincinnati Atlas. GRAFTING FRUIT TREES. Bsrs. EJilors — As the season is at hand for .miueiiccnient of piafling, I propose to offer li your useful paper, a few practical remarl^s saniP, for the benefit of siirh of your read- are in want of information on this sul)ject, .U3 add something to the common stock, in dvancement of which we are mutually eii- hout^h so much has been said and written on ibji'ct, that it may be replied, almost every acquainted with the process in some form, lat nolliing new can bo advanced. Although ay bo true to some extent, liiere is still a nt inquiry after more light. It is nut ir.y lition to flatter your readers with a new dis- ■', bit simply to bring to their notice what il, and may be done at this time, ifting may be performed at any time through Inter. My practice is, in the fall, to secure a 4rtload3 of sand, (earth will answer, if sand t be had,) in my cellar; then at the proper after the leaves are off of the trees, I remove ediing Slocks to the cellar, or secure them in other situation where I can command llicm y time wlien wanted. I then cut my grafts, I should always be the last year's growth, and cases where it can be, from hearing trees, done, I am prepared for winter work, in which lot fail to employ all the stormy days, which ) otherwise be lost: and, as before observed, g all my materials at command, when a stor- ly occurs, so that my l.ands are driven in , I rally them around a good fire, and coin- e the work of grafting by cutting my roots engths of from four to si.x inches, according ! number of small fibres attached thereto; I cii* my grafts to two or three eyes ; then I lenco by cleft-grafting, which I think decided- • surest and simplest method for root grafting, am not particular in winch I make the split, ! roots or grafts, which ever happens to be ;nule3t. Care of course nmst be observed he cut and spfit are performed with a sharp , so that the surface is left smooth, and the of the graft and root form a perfect union on idc, so that the sap vessels come in contact, liicli the sap may flow freely from one to the . This is of the utmost importance, for with- lis no union can be formed, and the conse- :e is, the graft must perish. This flow of 3 as necessary to the life of the graft, as the 1 which flows through the veins of a man's which has been broken and set by the skilful ;cian, is for its successful reunion and healing. done, I secure the parts by binding them a shred of Russia matting, or woollen yarn. I it quite unnecessary to apply wax or clay. n deposit them in the cellar, in the sand be- spoken of, in rows close together, leaving the top of the grafts exposed, taking care to keep a proper divisiim between each sort. In this position they remain until March or April, when they are transferred to their proper place in the nursery. I have often found on re- moving them from the cellar, that quite a healing had been effected between the parts. I have nev- er found it necessary to pay any attention to the removal of the binding, as it always decays in time to admit of the expansion of the plant. They should be planted sufficiently deep to secure two inches of earth over the part where the union is effected, so as to exclude the sun and air from it. Every economist must see the great advantage of this mode of grafting over all others, where a large auinuni is to be performed, to need an argument to induce a trial. Trees produced from this mode of grafting are much handsoiuer, if not better, than those grafted above ground, or by budding ; as the body is al- ways uniform, and not liable to overgrow the origi- nal stock, which, to say the least of it, presents a very un.sightly appearance. This mode of graft- ing, however, is more particularly applicable to apples than any other sort ol fruit. I remain yours, with much respect, A. II. ERNST. Spring Garden, Jan. 23, 1844. THRIFTY FARMING WITHOUT AGRICUL- TURAL, PAPERS. [Were the following statements not well vouch- ed, (and we know they would not have had publi- city in the Fanners^ Cabinet were they not strictly true,) we could hardly have credited thorn. A farmer without barns, and making butter in a quart bottle! — and this to be witnessed at the present time, within twelve miles oF a city in the State of Pennsylvania, (as we infer.) Verily, it would seem there is need of sending missionaries among our own people as well as to the benighted heaiheu of foreign lands, — for, what can bo the degree of general intelligence among those who, in the chief art of civilized life, evince hardly a higher degree of enlightened skill than that which directs the la- bors of the savage .' We commend this farmer (?) (and his townsmen, also, if they are like him,) to the attention of the societies " for the diffusion of knowledge." Surely, such ignorance is a disgrace to any Slate, and ought to be baiii.'ihed from our borders. It is hardly in advance of that existing among the untutored savages when Pkmn founded tlie Commonwealth in which it is now manifested. —Ed. N. E. Far.] A few necks ago, a friend of ours was about to take a journey on business, and as he would re- main some time in a certain district where we had no subscribers, he concluded, as well as ourselves, that he might collect a few to add to our list. In a letter from him, dated " , Jan. 7th, 1844," he says : " I have lately taken a ride of twelve miles from this city, and returned by a different road. I saw but one building that could be con- strued into an apology for a barn. " How do you manage without barns.-'" said I to one of the best farmers I met with. "Oh," said he, "we have no use for barns — we have nothing to put in them." " How do you thresh your wheat?" I inquired. " We do not make any wheat." " Your rye, then ?" " We do not make any rye." " What do you do with your hay ?" " Neither do we make any hay," was his reply. " What do you give your horses during wmter?" "The tops and blades of the corn ?" " And how are your cows provided for ?" "We let tliern take their chance in the fields among the stalks: they make out to live till spring." This same farmer told me he had not manured an acre of land nor a hill of corn for nine years ! " And what," I asked, " is an average crop of corn r" "A barrel to the thousand hills." "And how many hills do you reckon to the acre ?" " Two thousand." "And how many bushels to the bar- rel?" ''Five." " Then your crop of corn is ten bushels to the acre." '' Yes, we are satisfied with that, and half of us do not get that much." "Have you marl here ?" I inquired. " Yes, we have plen- ty of it three or four feet below the surface, hut it is too much trouble to dig it." Seeing a little girl busily engaged in shaking a quart bottle, I asked what she had in it. She answered, cream, and that she was making butter ! ! I conclude, therefore, that a farmer who has a horse and cart, a wooden plow, rope traces, and a corn-husk col- lar, and a quart bottle to churn his butter in, feels himself amply prepared for conducting a farm in these dxfcgins, without wasting a dollar a year in paying for the Farmers' Cabinet." A most legitimate conclusion, truly ! We should have come to the same precisely, had we been canvassing ourselves, instead of our friend. Where would be tlie use in stirring up a neighbor- hood that was quietly reposing upon a belief in the perfection of its primitive habits, and in making it feel its own privations, by showing it the superior privileges of others ? If a man is content from year to year, and from generation to generation, with t(Mi bushels of corn to the acre — with hi-i wooden plow, husk collar, and quart-bottle churn, why ask him to waste his money on an agricultural paper, that would make hiin dissatisfied with them all ! Our friend also informed us, that overtaking a boy who was returning in his cart from market, he inquired of the lad how far he had come — what his Iliad had consisted of, and how much be had ob- tained for it ? He said his load was fodder — he had brought it nine miles, and got aixlijlwo^ and a half cents for it ! We could make quite a chapter of reflections upon these little incidents, hut as they would not reach the infected district — for no subscribers were obtained — and as those of our readers will be quite as wise as our own, we leave each one to supply his own. — Farmers' Cabinet. Short Horns. — Mr S. D. Martin, in an article in the Farmers' Cabinet, says : " I believe the Short- Horns cannot be improved by any other, but think all other cattle may be improved by Ihcin." 274 NEW ENGLAND FARMER PEB. as, 1S« SEVENTH AGRICULTURAL.MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE— Fee. 20. Tlio subject under discussion was " Farm Tools." Hon. .Tosiali Quincy, jr. presided. Mr Buckmin- ster, of the "Ploughman," opened the meeting with the following remarks, which we take from his paper : "The Plow would be acknowledged by all far- mers to be the most important tool in agriculture. He would not go back and inquire when the plow was first introduced, or where it was first used: he would look back 25 years, and compare our present plows witii those in common use at that period. " Plows were then made in a form that varied but little in appearance from our best modern plows ; but the mould-board — now called the mould-plate — was so fitted that there was a break between it and the share ; the furrow would not rise easily, as it had not a smooth inclined plane to rise on. Now, the mould-plate is so fitted to the share, that the furrow rises without obstruction, on a smooth surface. "The first cast-iron plows were made quite short, for fear if made long, they would be broken on being thrown against rocks ; but now, better metal is used, and plow-makers venture to make them nearly as long as the old-fashioned wooden ones. The short plows work well enough in rough and stony land, but in plain fields where one great object is to turn flat and bury all the surface mat- ter, long plows work best. " It has been objected that long plows occasion more friction than short ones : the speaker thought this was a mistake, and that the furrow would rise as easily on a long mould-plate as on a short one ; it would rise more gradually, but not up so steep an ascent. The plow would more resemble a thin wedge, which enters more easily than a thick one ; the furrow would be longer on the rise, but would not i7ioiint so steep a hill. " He thought, notwithstanding all that had been written on the improvement of plows, that the smooth surface of the plate and the regular rising of the furrow, were the chief cause of our being able to plow with one-half the team that was for- merly required. " Tht harrotc follows the plow. He preferred the simple square harrow to the crotch, or three- cornered kind, for in using the latter, the team draws the principal teeth up from the soil. For a horse ho preferred a square harrow with si-^iteen teeth — made in the simplest manner — to any one of complicated form. " The rotter is an instrument more recently brought into use here. He had seen large and ! small ones ; some 8 feet long, 5 feet in diameter, ' and a joint in the middle to facilitate turning at the corners of fields. Some cost over 50 dollars, but they are not so good as those that cost but 5. They cover too broad a surface and make too little impression on the eod. A roller may be made so small as to cause too much labor in drawing; some are made of logs only one foot in diameter ; these are built too low and cannot be well drawn over loose stones or even over earth. A roller should be 4 feet or 4 12 feet long and 2 to 2 1-2 feet in diameter. One horse will draw such a one with the driver on it, and it may be niado for 5 dollars.* *A rather low estimate of the expense of a cheap roll- er, we lliink. The cost of pl.ink, spikes, anil iron bands would exceed five dollarj. We should like to see a de- cent one fur that price, with a place to " ride on." — Ed. Two plank wheels are first made, then narrow strips of plank are spiked on, and thin iron hoops are drove on to keep the planks tight. Planks will last longer than a log. " By rolling well we make the surface better for both the scythe and for the horse rake ; we beat down the surface only, and leave the soil un- der it as light as ever ; but a harrow, with long teeth, leaves all the earth heavy except a little matter at the surface. The roller often sinks small stones and saves picking. " Tlic tiorse rake is an important tool, much la- bor may be saved by its use. When made in the simplest form it is sold for four dollars, and this is the best form for use. One man will rake an acre in half an hour, yet with a hand rake he will be half a day. He said a man bought one of him last summer in West Cambridge, hut on condition that he should himself go out there and rake an aero in half an hour ; he went and raked an acre perfectly clean within the half hour, and to the sat- isfaction of the purchaser. " JbcA-s be would name. By making them of good steel the tines are now only one fourth as large as formerly ; consequently they enter the manure readily and it is easily thrown ofl^ again, so that a man may fill a cart with one half the labor that was required with the old clumsy tines. " Iron sliovels too are substituted for the old wooden shovel, shod with iron, and they enter into the soil as much more easily than the wooden ones as the cast iron ploughs do more easily than the Avonden mould-boards. He could go no far- ther, for his half hour had elapsed." Mr Dodge observed that the previous speaker seemed to be in favor of using horses in harrowing, rolling, &c., hut he should suppose it would be hard work, and that it was more appropriate to use oxen : this was his custom. He thought we should be slow to substitute the horse for ox labor. He should hardly agree with Mr Buckminster that the roller he had described could be drawn with ease by a single horse. He thought it was an impor- tant question how far we should go in adopting the many and expensive implements used in mod- ern English husbandry. He was not in favor of a profuse expenditure in tools ; nor did he think it good policy to be niggardly in this respect. Our climate was rugged and labor high, and we must bring in the aid of improved implements to save labor and time. Having purchased good implements, the next thing was to use them well. They should be cleaned after using, and then properly housed. He spoke of the good effects which the temperance reformation had produced in the care of tools : for- merly, when under the influence of strong drink, the hired men broke and injured many more than the sober men of the present time. »'?/?('r eleven o'clock, harrows, plows, &c., were apt to come in contact with stumps and rocks ; but such accidents were comparatively rare now. He thought he had seen a roller made of solid wood, 1 1-4 foot in diameter and 6 feet long, that he should prefer to the one described by the pre- vious speaker. He spoke of the [value of the"scruffle hoe," which he had never used until the last summer, as being a very excellent instrument in a nursery, and for other purposes, especially in root crops. The editor of this paper said he had used the scruffier, or Dutch hoe, for many years, and con- sidered it indispensiblo in the cultivation of crops and for garden purposes : that he C( weed one acre of ground in the same time four men would require to go over the same qi tity of land with hoes, and the work wouli done much better : the handle of the instrun should be so long that the operator may si erect : the work may then be accomplished ' ease. The scruffier cuts forward and backward Mr Merriam, of Auburn, said he considered plow one of the most useful tools. He was first person who introduced a cast iron plow Auburn. His neighbors laughed at him at I but now those plows are in general use an- them. As to the harrow, he was somewhat u cided which form was best; but was incline believe the triangular shape was most prelerj He disliked, however, to use the harrow at rate, unless the ground was very rough, as it a tendency to make the ground heavy. He sidered the cultivator a good instrument to lig the ground. Could not dispense with a rol thought it too heavy work for one horse : uses 6 feet long and 4 in diameter, with three cai rolls green sward after it is turned over ; also i sowing down to grass ; and in the spring, i his young grass, to press down the roots w have been thrown out by frost. He uses a h( rake, and could not do without it ; he has rake acre in 15 minutes, hut considers it good wo; rake an acre in 30 minutes. He said it was n as much to lusa in hay-time as a man. Mr Morse, of Shelburne, said he was not a mer, but a manufacturer of scythes. There n great diff'erence in their make at the present from what there was 30 years ago. The comp now is that they do not last; that the steel is gone; but the difficulty was, the farmers w have them made light, which he thought wai correct ; as a person could not mow bo easy a light scythe as he could with one that heavier ; nor would the light ones be eo dun As to length, some wanted them only 3 feet ', dies, while others would have them over 4 He thought a long scythe the best, as with i could take more of a drawing stroke. MrKnowles, of Eastham, spoke of the scy used in mowing salt grass : there was much culty in using narrow ones, and it was neces to use those that were wide and thin. Mr Stone, of Beverly, spoke of the improven- which had been made in various agricultural plements, which, for want of room, we slia obliged to pass over. Mr Cole described a cheap mode of consti ing a hay wagon, and grain cradle, and of mode of sharpening scythes in Pennsylvanii hammering the edge, instead of grinding it 1 The President, Mr Quincy, said there was implement which had not been alluded to, w had been used in England with great success, which had not been introduced, he believed, this country, and that was the subsoil plow. Il been stated in returns made before Parlian that where it had been used in connexion thorough draining, the crops had been incre four fold. It pulverized the ground to the d of 12 to 24 inches, without bringing the subsc the surface. It was regarded as an instrui calculated to effect a great revolution in agr ture. He remarked that something had been about the first invention of the plow. It was f ably not known where it did originate. Hc( 1. XXI1.no. 35. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 275 d there was no account of its first use ; but icollccted having his attention first called to the scriptures, where it was stated that when irophet Elijah called upon Elisha, he found plowing with 12 yoke of oxen; upon which ige a Dutch cominentator made the remark, "no wonder Elisha was willing to quit plow- br prophecying, if it required 12 yoke of oxen ow his land." r Allen, of Pembroke, said farmers were not rally flush in funds, and it would not do for to purchase every new implement that was id: he had suffered somewhat by so doing, .ool house was full, and he had begun to slack He had tried long and short plows, and found lort one ran easiest, but the long one turned attest. He uses the triangular [harrow, but not like to have one used much on his ground. ) rollers, he thought one made of a hard-wood 'as the best : he had one of that description h had been in use 17 years. He considered oiler a great improvement, and should recom- all farmers to use it. The care of tools and iments is of great importance, but his practice ntrary to his doctrine ; for, although he has five barns, all his carts and implements are 11 housed. Tools work belter when cleaned lOused after using, as they would be free rust. ; had a different opinion of the value of the -rake from the gentleman who had spoken of He thought their general use would lead to a ess way of making hay. He had seen a man rkshire county, who cut 100 tons with the as- icc of three boys only. How he contrived to it, he knew not; but he found he let it lay in swarth until it was made, and then drew ether hastily with the horse-rake, and as he jht, must be carted into the barn in a slate not favorable for the quality of the hay. He ;ht the ra4(ing was but a small part of tlie la- ■f haying. ■ Gardner, of Seekonk, was satisfied that the !-rake saves him the labor of four hands if not t. r B. V. French said the Chair was under a .ke in regard to the introduction of the subsoil : ho had one which he had used with much fit for a number of years. He stirs the ground 8 depth of 17 to 20 inches deep. It was stated iglond, that there was no soil but what was filed by the use of it. In Scotland, where it )een extensively used in connexion with thor- draining, they now obtain DO bushels of oats, e before only 30 bushels to the acre was an ige harvest. dtlihlt Ink. — The milk which exudes from the :hes of sumach, is the best indelible ink that )e used. Break oflTone of the stems that sup- the leaves, and write what may bo wanted it. In a short time it becomes a beautiful lack, and can never be washed out Selected. Seory. — A fact not understood, is of little value r possessor. It is the explannlion belonging which gives it importance. It is idle, there- to oppose all theory — for theory is but the ex- ion of causes in operation ; and it is imposei- (jr a thinking being not to theorize, to some It, upon every process passing in bis view. — Oarlington. From the Farmer's Cabinet. DISEASE IN PEARS. A general complaint has often been reiterated that our finest kinds of pears burst and become leathery when they are full grown, and instead of ripening and furnishing a tender, buttery fruit of delicious flavour and delicate texture, they be- come black, tough, and worthless. U'his disease attacks only those of the finest and most deiicnie kinds: the coarse and inferior varieties are free from it. It prevails only, so far as my observa- tion goes, with old, or the older trees that are pretty well grown ; the fruit of young trees that are in the vigor of their growth and expansion, and whoso lops bear a much larger proportion to their roots, seem to be free from it. From which I infer, that those trees whoso roots have penetra- ted far and wide,- and deep in the soil, take up a larger quantity of sap than they can dispose of profitably, during the suspension of the growth of the branches ; and after the pears have acquired nearly their natural size, those of a delicate tex- ture give way to the inward pressure, and are split and spoiled, or greatly injured, while the more coarse, tough and hardy descriptions, resist the pressure, and are uninjured from this cause. If the above theory should be found correct, the rem- edy for the cure of the disease would sseni to be, to trim the roots moderately, early in the spring of the year, and particularly the tap root, or those roots that pass more directly downwards where the most moisture is found. I have seen much benefit arise from pruning the roots of a pear tree belong, ing to a friend, which every year since has produ- ced an abundance of fruit of the finest quality, and which has always taken a premium when exhibited at the Horticultural Society; it is true the pru- ning was done, not with the view of cutting the roots, but of burying a lilack cat directly under the boll of the tree, in compliance with a superstitious suggestion made by an ignorant person, to bring it into bearinif. The fact was, that the black cat, or the cutting of the tap roots, which is more proba- ble, brought the tree into luxuriant bearing, and it has continued so for many years past. The great benefits of ploughing an orchard, and by that means cutting the roots, has often been noticed in the increased quantity and quality of the fruit. Mcintosh, an EHglish horticulturist of celebrity, who recently wrote an interesting work on fruit trees, says : " Pruning the roots is one of the ma- ny modes of treatment practised on unproductive and too luxuriant-growing pear trees ; and although an old practice, does not appear to have been so generally attended to as it deserves. This species of pruning may be advantageuusly employed in the case of trees which are sickly or diseased, owing to their roots penetrating into a wet, cold, or other- wise uncongenial subsoil, and also when the roots penetrate too deeply even into a good or over rich soil. In the former case are produced canker, cracking of the bark and skin of the fruit, which latter also becomes stony or gritty." The idea prevalent of latter years, that pear trees should be grown in an undisturbed grass sod, to keep the roots as cool as possible, as a preven- tive of the fire blight, may have led us into an op- posite error, by which the cracking and spoiling of the fruit has been brought about, that is now so much complained of: for when the sod is undis- turbed, the roots remain untrimined, whereas for- merly, pear trees of the finer kinds, being often grown in gardens, were dug about and tlie roots more or less cut every year, and the disease now complained of, was comparatively rare, if at all known. Be this as it may, let the experiment be cfTectually made the coming spring, of digging un- der and trimming off' the tap, and some of the other downward roots of the Butter pear trees, that hare heretofore had their fruit burst and spoiled, and those who make the trial, I hope will communicate the result through the pages of the Cabinet. Should any choose to bury a black cat underneath the tree I shall not object; but let the trial be made on some of the trees in the plain way, without piissey, so that we may learn which way is be. . require an epicure to distinguish the diflerenco I tremely diminutive, and soon dropped ott; tne their flavor. When I took up my pen, it was my intention to 3Cribe my manner of cultivating the parsnip, and point out the soil best adapted to its growth ; t discovering that it will spin my thread too ig, shall conclude by saying that the parsnip, e the beet, requires a deep, rich, moist soil, with earlier planting than the latter, and about the DC after culture. It is not so great an exhauster the beet, and may he grown several years in icession on the same spot without degenerating. Wickford, R. I, Feb. 1844. C. We are glad to receive the above communica- n on the parsnip. The value of this root for ick has not been appreciated by our farmers gen- lUy, as Its merits deserve. It may be raised th ease. Wo have no doubt that the result our correspondent's experiment is correct, viz : It it^ value in comparison with carrots, is about e-third more, as food for milch cows. We shall pleased to hear from him again on other mat- 's connected with his husbandry. — Ed. From Hovey's Horticultural Magazine. SXPERIMENTS ON THE CULTIVATION OF PLANTS IN CHARCOAL. I perceive in the horticultural papers received ' the last steamship, that there is an animated scussion on the value of charcoal in horticulture, id tliat Mr Robert Ri^'g, an excellent chemist, 18 proceeded so far as to publish a book, with the ctraordinary assertion that carbon is a compound )dy made of plants. Assent to this propo.'ilion iniiot of course be expected from chemistry, in 3 present state : but we do not know to what Tan^e discoveries the searching inquisitiveness ito the laws of nature, of the present age, may !ad. Having made various experiments on the action 'charcoal, lor the last two years, I have conclud- ■] to add my share to the dincussion. The first view I took of the value of charcoal in orticulture, arose from the arguments on the dif- •rent powers of well rotted and of fresh manure ; ly prejudice, from constant practice, being rather I favor of the former. And one of my tmnginnnj 3asoiis for this prejudice, (for proof was not to be ocpected,) was, that the carbon of the vegetable art ijf the old manure was reduced by fermenta- lon and complete decomposition (combuslion, Lie- lig,) to the finest possible stale of comminution, luch as is totally impossible to imitate by the most iborious mechanical pulveriiation. In this finest r all states, carbon, if used nt all by the living cgctable, could be most easily appropriated. My xperiinents were, therefore, all made with the ine.si pulverized wood charcoal I could procure, uch as is used in making gunpowder. flowers appeared also diminutive, and finally dropp- ed ofl'likewi.se just after opening. It then, with the olher.5, went to rest; but to my surprise, in August it began to vegetate and went precisely through the same process us in spring — others which were by its side, remaining dormant: after this it went again to rest. 3d. I potted several seedling camellias in one quarter charcoal, one quarter old manure, one half loam; these grew with great luxuriance, and the color of the foliage was dark, healthy green. 4th. I potted several young pelargoniums with various quantities of charcoal, never exceeding one quarter, often very much less. In these the eflect was the same, both coming very near to the luxuriance and size of foliage of those treated with guano. In August last, I made up my mind to re-pot and top-dress a large number of exotic plants, of various kinds, many of which were in a bad state from neglect ; of these the chief number were ca- mellias. I made up a compost, consisting of about two-thirds Roxbury fresh loam, and one-third a compost, chiefly consisting of old manure : to this I added about one-fortieth part of charcoal, and had the whole very carefully and intimately mixed: with this I operated. In September, when I thought the earth had got well settled round the roots, I began to water, every Saturday, with water in which guano had been mixed, in the quantity of about one ounce to ten gallons. I was perfectly astonished at the alteration which appeared in about four weeks, in the general health of all the plants— it seemed to me like mag- ic ; and many who visited the Public Conservatory previous to the late calamitous firo, can bear testi- mony to their beauty and luxuriance. The earth of one large camellia, (double white,) with about y.50 blooms, was nearly altogether changed, the tub having fallen off with much of the earth. I hardly expected to save the blossoms, but they opened in as great splendor as the others. It seems to me that tho period of the openiiig of the flowers was aUo generally accelerated. We had 20 or 30 out the first week in November, and the first week in December, just previous to the fire, I counted above ."iOO in full beauty ; this was cer- tainly earlier than we had them in previous years. Passiflora Loudonii, which, under the best of common cultivation, has always yellow and un- healthy looking leaves, was placed in this mixture, with the addition of charcoal drainage. The rapid change in its appearance was surprising, and al- though, from unavoidable circumstances, it was re- moved into this soil just previous to flowering, yet instead of being "checked, fresh flower racemes shot forth, and, with the others, opened their beau- tiful blossoms in the greatest splendor; the foli- age becoming of a fine healthy green, and spread ''^^^gJ^JgJ^ p„p open, not curled in at the edges. i I had several other experiments in progress on the use of charcoal, some of which I hod hoped would have thrown light on its immediate action on the roots of plants — a subject on which we are at present in the dark; unfortunately, these with many others were destroyed by accidental fire. My impression from those trials is, that although charcoal alone is nearly useless, yet when mixed in due proportion with the earths and salts, usually found in soils and manures, its presence is highly beneficial, and greatly promotes the luxuriance of vegetation, as far as regards stems and leaves. Of its valuo in the production of flowers and seeds, I am not, for the reasons before stated, able to give an opinion of any worth. It may be thought, and probably is in part true, that much of the luxuriance of the last named ex- periments arose from the use of guano water; but from other experiments with charcoal, instituted for the purpose of making comparisons with guano, and in which of course none was used, I cannot hesitate to believe that some portion of this luxuri- ance was also due to the charcoal. 1 trust, there- fore, that other horticnhurists, who have the means, will undertake farther experiments on this subject, so that we may not in this country be behind the rest of the world, in the astonishing advances which are every year being made in that most delightful of all pursuits — Horticulture. Yours, J. E. TESCHEMACHER. Boston, Jan. 2i, 1844. How to Make an Unproductive Tree Bear — .\ lady of our acquaintance, took us into her garden a few days ago, where we were shown an apple tree which she informed us had been planted for ten or more years, but had never until last year borne any fruit. In looking over an old volume, she accidentally met with what purported to be a remedy for this unproductiveness, which was sim- ply to cut from each limb, close to where it diver- ges from the trunk, a piece of bark about four in- ches round the limb, one inch in width, and imme- diately replace it by tying it on with a rag until it adhered again. Early last spring, she tried this experiment upon the tree we speak of, leaving, however, iwo or three limbs untouched. The re- sult was, that in the autumn it was filled with ap- ples ; but it is worthy of remark that those limbs only which had been cut, bore fruit. The opera- tion is very simple, and as it has proved successful in this instance, we have no hesitation in recom- mending its trial in similar cases. — Reading Gaz. Ivjlammntion of the Throat cured 6.V ■'ilnm. — Powdered alum applied by the finger to the part afi'ected, very seldom fails to cure inflammation of the throat in a few days. The eflicacy of this remedy, says tho author, M. Valpeau, is as mar- vellous as it is rapid. Employed the first, second, third, or fourth day, while there is yet no abscess in the tonsils, it arrests all symptoms as it were by enchantment ; the fever abates, the swelling diminishes, the appetite returns, and the convales- cence is quickly decided and completed. Ily showing that this remedy is as powerful in simple inflammation as in inflammation of the tonsils, M. Valpeau hopes that practitioners will no longer hesitate to make proof of its efficacy, and rescue thereby hundreds of human beings from the grave. 278 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, FEB. 28,194 ANJ) HORTICULTtRAL REGISTER. Kdlted by Joaepli Breck. Boston, Wednesday, Feb. 23, 1844. EXPERIMENTS IN SOAKING SEED CORN IN MURIATE OF AMMONIA. To the Editor of the New England Farmer : Sir — dome time last May, I arcidentally saw a notice of some modo of preparing seed for planting, invented in Germany, which was said to insure good crops, even upon poor and barren land, at a very trifling cost. VVhnl tlie preparation was, the discoverer refused to make known. While thinking over tho various substances that had been or might be used with advantage, it oc- curred to me that Muriate of Ammonia, the common Sal AniDMniac of the druggists, might answer well for the purpose reqnired, brtth from thu nature of its base and its acid ; and I determined to try the experiment of using it. I accordingly dissolved a small piece, weighing by es- timate 4 or 5 grains, in about Iialf a coifee cup of water. Into this a small handful of good sound corn was thrown, and suH'ered to remain 4 or 5 liours, and then planted. By the aide of each hill, at a proper distance, was planted another hill with corn from the same ear, but unsoaked. Generally in each spot only one hill of each kind was planted ; but in one place a hill of the soaked corn was placed on each side of the unsoaked. The particulars and results were as follows,, viz : No. 1. Planted in good ;ight soil, into which a fair dressing of coarse long stable manure had been plowed ; about 5 kernels were planted in each hill. Result : Soaked. Unsoaked. 8 ears, 6 good, 2 small. 4 ears. No. 2. Three hills — 2 of soaked, and between them 1 of unsoaked corn. Soil dry, sandy, annd close to the edge of a path where little or no manure fell in the spreading of it. Result: Soaked. Unsoaked. a. 5 ears, 3 of them good. 3 good ears. b. 5 " 3 " " No. 3. Two hills — in a dry sandy bed, occupied for a dozen years by gooseberry bushos, which were rooted up about 2 years before. During all that time, the ground had never been manured, otherwise than that a dressing of rotten chips had several times been put about the bushes, which were well trimmed and kept clear of weeds. During the two last years, it had borne cabba- ges, which were watered a number of limes with soap- suds and the drainings of a sink where dishes were washed. Result: Soaked. Unsoaked. 3 large good ears and 3 3 rather poor ears, abortive ears. "Jiio. 4. Two hills — on the edge of a sandy square reserved for several years past for squashes, which were manured in the hill, so that tho place where the corn was planted, had no benefit from it, beiny at least four feet from the nearest hill. Result : Soaked. Unsoaked. 3 good cars, 3 rather poor ears. No. .1. Three hills — in a moisler piece of ground, in- to which a light dressing of coarse stable manure had been dug with the spade, but just under the edze of the boughs of some large honey locusts, the roots of which filled the ground, and eihausted the soil so, that I have found it difficult to make any thing valuable grow there but eiilf bush beans. Result : Soaked. Unsoaked. 4 good ears. 3 poor ears. The land where all the four first experiments were tried, was light and dry, and suffered considerably Ironi drought about the lime the ears were forming. Pota- toes for early use, 'planted in the immediate vicinity, were completely stopped in their growth about the last of July, the hills being perfectly dry to the bottom, and not getting fairly moist again for a period of 3 weeks. Owing to this, the produce of the corn was less than it would have been with seasonable rains ; but in all cases, the hills tho seed in which had been soaked, manifested a decided superiority, not only in productiveness, but in the size and vigor of the stalk and leaves; as was re- marked by several of my friends, whose opinion I asked without informing them of any difference in the seed. For all the trials but the first mentioned, poor spots were taken purposely, that the effect of the soaking might be observed free from the influence of manure. Three or four soaked kernels were also planted in a spot near the door of a shed, where sprouted cuttings of grape-vines had been several times set, and all which had perished from the united effects of drought, barren- ness and heal. Even here I obtained 3 good stalks, and "2 good ears. Being much belated about planting my early peas, in consequence of the slow departure of some heavy snow- drifts, which had accumulated on the spot where I usu- ally plant them, and which left the ground cold, I soak- ed the seed peas in some chloride of soda, diluted with three times its bulk of warm water. They came up in a week, grew luxuriantly, and gave me peas within a few days of the usual time, notwithstanding much cold weather in May and the early part of June. The crop was also very good, though the land h.id not been ma- nured for the two previous years, and a crop of peas, succeeded by one of turnips, had been taken off each year. This same piece of ground — a light sandy soil — has yielded good crops of peas twelve years in succession, with only light manuring the first nine years ; yet Lie- big says that successive crops of peas cannot be raised on the same ground. I believe he extends the remark to other leguminous plants; but I have raised both pole and bush beans upon the same spot for ten years past, and the crop ihis last year was as good as I have ever known it, and extremely abundant. The ground has been moderately manured every year, but is much shad- ed by apple trees. Respectfully, yours, SAML WEBBER, M. D. Charhstoicn, ^'. H., Feb. 10, 1844. llj'We feel much indebted to Dr. Webber for an ac- count of his interesting expeiiment. The result shows conclusively that a great advantage was derived from soaking the corn in the muriate of ammonia. We would call the attention of farmers to this subject, and ask them to try the same experiment. Tliey may do it on a small scale, if they please, at a trifling cost. 1 1 tho above results are correct, it is inipurlanl that it should be extensively known. In relation to Dr. W.'s peas not exhausting the ground by being planted on the same S[)Ot so manv sue- cessiue years, we suppose it may be atlribuled to their being gathered green — but if his peas and other crops were permitted to ripen, no doubt lie would find lliem to be more exhausting. HARRIS'S TREATISE ON INSECIS. The American^dilor of the Farmer's Encyclopa lately published at Philadelphia, by Carey & Hart, < mends very highly. Dr. Harris's Treatise on Insects jurious to Vegetation, and has made copious exti from it. The matter copied from the Treatise, fil the Eucyclopa;dia, about 60 pages, of two close colu each, amounling to 163 pages of the Treatise. If introduction, index, captions and blanks are dedu from the latter, it will be found that one-third part o Treatise, and nearly 'J2 pages besides, have been i ferred to the Encyclopa'dia. It should be added, Mr Emerson, in almost every instance, has acknnwl «d the source whence his information was deri thereby giving due credit lo Dr. Harris for his lal Should this be the means of bringing 'more into ni the Treatise, (which is on sale at the bookstore of Me C. C. Little & Co., and at most of the Agriculi establishments in the city,) tho increased demand more rapid sale of the work, may, to .seme, extent, c pensate the author for the want of a copyright. NOTICES OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. We have received a volume of the tenth editio Bridgeinan's "Young Gardener's Assistant." highly useful and popular work has now appeared ranged in three parts with many additions and impr ments, and enriched with a fine likeness of tlie aut! a steel engraving. We can recommend it as the ' best work ever published in this country on garden for new beginners. It contains ample directions foi cultivation of fruit, flowers and vegetables. The thor is a practical man, and perfectly understands whole subject. The work is for sale at all the princ seed stores in Boston, New York, and other cities in U. States. The United Slates Practical Receipt Book— or C plete Book of Reference for the Manufacturer, Trai man. Agriculturist, or Housekeeper — containing m thousand valuable receipts. For sale by Redding & S State sireet. Transactions of the .Agricultural Society of iVcsth and Vicinity fur the Veur 1843.— Containing the add of the Rev. Mr Kiitredge before the Society in Octc last. We shall make some extracts from it for the L efit of our readers at some future time. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FHCITS. Saturday, Feb. 17, 1844 By E. M, Richards, of Dedham, Echasserie and Mc Le Cure Pears — fine specimens — nearly first rate for season. These pears should be in every choice coll tion. From Mr Henry Vandine, of Cambridgeport, fine s ciiuens of the Long Rosewater Pears — and also a sp( men of the Hardonponl Pears (.') B. V. FRENCH, Ch'mn ICJ^The communication of our respected correspf dent J. E. T., shall appear in our next. [nrWe have received from N. Dearborn, 53 W'ashing- ton sireet, three maps : one of the city of Boston ; one of Maine ; and the other of Vermont and N. Hampshire — biautifully executed on enamelled cards, about 5 in- ches by 6. [3=" Anti-Skim-milker, Esq." requests us to retu his thanks to the gentleman who kindly transmit! to him through us, some valuable facts, which may be service to him on some future occasion. inrThe communication on " Ergot," for which t writer has our thanks, shall have a place in our next. V shall endeavor to procure the Essay to which he allndi 1,. XXII, NO. 35. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 279 NOTICE. S9AC II U SETTS HORTICl'LTUltAL SOCIETY. n aiijonrncd noceling will be heldal the Suciety's Rooms, j.iTURDA Y, March 2d at 1 1 o'clock, A. M. EBENEZER WIGHT, Bb.23. Rccorilin^ Secretary. Til ERiMOM ETHICAL. Repiirtedforthe New England Farniel. nge>f the riiennoraeter at the (5 ardenoftlie proprietors « New England Farmer, lirighton, Mass. inashaded .;ierly exposure, for the week ending Feb. 26. eb. 1S44. 1 7,A.M. 12, M. 5,P.M. Wind. iday, 19 6 42 36 W. sdav , 21) 24 45 »3 W. Inesday, 21 33 41 33 N. E. rsday, 2» 34 44 4U N. VV. ay, Tday, 2.3 23 3r 32 E. 24 24 16 18 N. W. day, 25 12 27 26 N. W. ir.HTON MARKET.— MoNDAT, Feb. 26, 1844. ReimrteU for the X. K. Farmer. U Sliirket 625 Beef Cattle, 12 pairs Woricing n and 550 Sheep. MCKS.— Beef Callle. — Former prices for a like qual- »eie not sustained. A iinall number was sold at our ,esl quotation, viz ; a very few at $4 73 a $5. Frst ily . 2 62 per hushel. Red Top 0 50 cents. Clover— Northern, OU to 12c.— Southern, 10 c. Kla.i Seed, St 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ary Seed, S2 75 per bushel. R.\IN. Since the last weekly report, the arrivals have 1 considerable, and some slight reduction in prices in consequence taken place. The market at the close, )rime mealing had somewhat recovered. orn — iVorthern. new, bushel 00 to 00 — Southern, round ow, old, 00 a 00— Southern flat yellow, new, 49 a 00— do. white 45 a 46— do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Barley I 00 —Rye, Northern, 70 a 72— do. Southern, 00 a 00 — s, Southern, 3.J a 32— Northern do. 33 to 34— Beans, per hel I 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double hush. 30 a 34 —Bran, I 23. LOUR. Early in the week, on receipt of advices per imer Hibernia, the dealers bought quite freely, but yes- lay and to-day the market has been very flat, the news having had the effect anticipated on the New York mar- , and there are now more sellers than buyers at asking :es. Sallimore, Howard Street, 4 mos.cr. SO 00 a 5 12J— do. irf. So 00 a 5 00— do. free of garlic, $0 00 a 5 12^— I'hila- phia do. 4 mos. 85 00 a 5 12 -Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 I. 35 00 a 5 12— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00. leorgetown, «5 12 a 5 50— Richmond Canal, S5 00 a 5 12 o. Cuy,$OOOaiiOO— Petersbiirgh.South side So 00 a 0 00 0. Country 35 00 a 5 50 — Genesee, common, cash, Sj 19 a 5— do faiicy brands S5 37 a 9 02 — Ohio, via Canal, [10 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash 35 On a'5 50. Rye, S2 a 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. 32 75 a 2 87. 'ROVISIONS. For good qualities Pork there is a better ing in the market; and for Western Lard there has been le a speculative movement. leef— Mc3s 4 ino. new bbl. $7 00 a 7 23— Navy— So 25 a ).— No. 1, 86 00 a 0 00 — do Prime $3 00 a 6 50— Pork— ira clear 4 mo. bbl. 812 00 a 12 50— do Clear SI 1 50 a 12 00 Mess, 9 50 a 10 00 — do Prime $3 50 a 0 00— do Mess m other Slates, — a do Prime ilo do SO 00 a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do Soo 00 a 00 00 — Iter, shipping, 12 a 14— do store, uninspected, 0 a 00 — do ry, 14 CIS. a 17— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6J a 7 — do ilh and Western, Ci a 7 — Hama, Boston, b a 0 — ithern and vVestern, 5 a 5i — Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4i — do new milk, 4i a 54. YOOI.. Duty. The v.ilue whereof at the place of ci- tation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, ad . All whereof the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per ad. val. and 3 cts- per pound. No change in the market ; prices continue firm, and the demand good. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 41 c. --.Amer- ican full hlood.do 35 a 37— Do. 3-4 do 32 a 35— Do. l-2do 29 a 30—1-4 and common do 25 a 28 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23— Do, unwashed, 9 a 13— Bengasi do 6 al3— Saxony, clean, 00— Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a I li- do, do. pickeil, 12 a 16— Superfine .Northern pulled lainb 30 a 35— No. 1 do. do. do. 27 a 30— No. 2 do do do 22 a 25— No. 3 do dodo 15 a 18. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. Sales this week of 100 bales, at 7 1-4 a 7 l-2c pr. lb. The stock for sale, though not large, is estimaleJ to exceed the stock of last year, al this time, by 1000 bales. l6l sort Mass 1S43, lb. 7 a 7 1-4 ; 2d do S a 5 1-4. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton-Eastern Screwed 810 to 12. EGGS. 15 a 18. POULTRY. Turkies per lb. from 9 to 12cts.— Geese common 7 to 9— Bremen 10 to 12— Chickens 6 lo 10— Ducks 3 to 10. FARM WANTED. A Farm, worth from 3 to S6;100 and within 30 miles of Boston, is wanted in exchange ior valuable Stocks, or part payment in cash. Apply at 45 Harrison Avenue, before Mirch7th, at 3 1-2 P. M. only. 2t Feb. 23. LONDON HORTICTJI^TUKAI. SOCIETY'S CATA- LOGUE OP FRUITS. The subscribers have received a few dozen of these val- uable Catalogues. Those who have ordered them are re- quested to call before they are all taken. Feb. 28. JOS. BRECK & CO. WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER, A young man who is well acquainted with the various branches of Gardening, and who can procure satisfactory testimonials, by applying at Mr McOLOUGH'S, South Boston. Address J. D. *5w. Feb. 28. GUANO ! GUANO ! Just received by the subscribers, a few bags of Guano. For sale in small quantities lo suit purcbasprs. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Feb. 28, 1843. WANTS EMPLOYMENT. A steady man, a native of Scotland, perfect in the culture of the Vegetable, Fruit and Flower Garden,— the construc- ting of Grape Vinaries, upon an extensive and most appro- ved plan of durability- the culture and management ol For- cing in all its various branches — and the propagation of Plants. A lady or gentleman wanting a man of the ahov^ capacity, will please leave a line at JOSEPH BRECK A- GO'S. Seed Store, addressed to T. Y. Feb. 28. W^ANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER, A middle aged married man, has a practical knowledge of the management of Vmes, Greenhouse Plants, the Flower and Kitchen Garden : is also well acquainted with the Prun- mg and Training of wall Trees has bad more then 20 years' experience, ran have a good character if required from the place he is leaving. „ , ,, Apply lo JOSEPH BRECiK & CO.. No. 51 North Mar- ket Street, Boston. Fi^''- l''. WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who understands the Green House, Hot House, Forcing, Nurserv, Flower and Kithen Gardening, in all ils various branches," and who has had several years ex- perience in one ol the best places in New England, wishes a situation in any private or public establishment. Can fur- nish the best reference, A line addressed to B. W. 0. Roxbury, Mass., will com- mand immediate attention. Feb. 14. SITUATION WANTED AS GARDENER By a man who understands the management of a Green- house perfectly, and the Flower Garden generally. Good references given. Apply 10 J. BRECK St CO., 52 North Market St. P^^- '■ GARDEN &. FLOWER SEEDS PROM LONDON. We have received, by the Barque Huntress, from London, a choice assortment of G A RDEN AND FLOWKR SEEDS. We have also received the invoices of three other shipments of Seeds and Trees, which arc expected to arrive in the course of 30 days, which will give us the largest and most choice collection of SEEDS AND TREES ever olfered by us Our customers and friends arc requested lo send m their orders. JOSEPH BliECK & CO. Boston, Dec. 2rth, 1343. JOSE P II II R E C K &. NEW E.VGLAND .laricuUuTal U'arelwuso CO. AND SEED STORE. 51 and 52 Norlh M.irket Street, Boston. JOSEPH lillECK & CO. having received a lull and gfn. eral assortment of FIELD, GRASS, G A KDE.N and FLOW- ER SEEDS, worthy of cultiv,ilion, cnnlidenlly recommend them as being pure and of the first qualities, unmixed with other varieties; ihcy have no hesitation in saymg thai their collection of Seeds is the licst, and of the greatest variety ever olTered for sale at any eslalilishment in the U. States, and would invite all to send in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply tliemselves wilh the choicest va- rieties in goml season lor the Spring planting. The following are a few of the most important kinds which they offer wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early. Early Dwarf, do. Charlton, do. Frame, do. Warwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Woodlord's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, Knights' Dwarf, Dwarf Marrowfats, Tall do. BEANS. Lima. Saba, Horticultural Pole, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberry Pole, While do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead, Late Sugar-loaf, Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early York, Baltersea, Va- nack, Hope, Early Sugar-loaf, with a complete variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Tnrnip Beets, French Sugar Beets, Man- gel Wurtzel, Rata Baga, Long Orange, Early Horn and VVhiie Field Carrots, Early and Late Caulirtowers, Broc- colis of all sorts, Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweel Mar- jorum, Sage, Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than tweniy fine varieties. They have just received per Ship Jlinerva, afine and choice lot of new Flower Seeds, which together wilh an assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever offered for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Green- house Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots, and all Nursery productions furnished at one day's notice, and when requested, can be packed in mats and boxes, so as to be sent to Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms with Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with print- ed directions on each package for its managemeni and cul- tivation. GRASS SEEDS, Al wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Grass, a first rale article for Lawns. Clover Seed, Red and White, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl Meadow, Northern and Southern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet, Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, ic, &c., of the best quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz : — 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2oO Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutters, 50 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- table Cutlers, 50 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Stones, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, I6U do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patent Snuiths, 200 do. Common do., 600 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3ro do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do, Truck do. 100 do. Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do, 60 doz. Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. TIE UP CHAINS!— Just received bv the "Oceanus" 3U0 chains for tying up cattle. These cuains, introduced by E. H. Desby, Esq. of Salem, and Col. J.^cacEs, lor the purpose of securing caltle to ilie stall, are found to be the safest and most amvcnient mode of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion. .JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 } and 62 Norlh Market Street, Boston. $ Feb. 21, 1844. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable time to transplant many Trees and Phinls, and often tunes mnie convenient than in - pruig^ Wo have aa great a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, Sic. as can be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest prices. Boston, Oct. U, IS43. JOSEPH BRECK & GO. 280 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. FKB. ae, 1844. MISCELLANEOUS. EXERCISE. Many penple look upon the necessity man is un- der of earning his bread by labor, as a curse. But it i.s evident from the structure ot the body, that exercise is not less necessary than food for the preservation of health : those who labor are not only the most healthy, but generally the most hap- py part of mankind. This is peculiarly the case with those who live by the culture of the soil. The love ol activity shows itself very early in man. So strong is the principle, that a healthy youth cannot be restrained from activity. Our love of motion is surely a strong proof of its utility. It seems to be a law throughout the whole animal creation, that no creature, without exercise, shall enjoy health, or be able to find subsistence. Inactivity never fails to produce a universal re- laxation of the soiids, which disposes the body to innumerable liiseases. When the solids are rela.i- ed, neither the digestion nor any of the secretions can be duly performed. How can persons who loll all day on easy chairs, and sleep all night on beds of down, fail to be relaxed ? Nor do those much mend the matter who never hardly stir abroad but in a coach. Glandular obstructions generally proceed from inactivity. These are the most obstinate maladies. So long as the liver, kidneys and other glands, du- ly perform their functions, health is seldom much impaired ; but when they fail, it is difticult to be restored. Weak nerves are also the constant companions of inactivity. We seldom hear the laborious com- plain of weak nerves. This jilainly points out the sources from which nervous diseases generally originate, and the means by which they may be prevented. It is absolutely impossible to enjoy health, where the perspiration is not duly carried on ; but that can never be the case where e.\erci.se is neglected. When the matter which ought to bfe thrown off by perspiration, is retained in the body, it vitiates the humors, and occasions the gout, rheumatism, &c. No piece of indolence injures the health more than the custom of lying in bed too long in the morning : the morning is undoubtedly the best for exercise, «i3 the air braces and strengthens the nerves. Custom soon renders early risin" agreea- ble, and next to total abstinence ii-oin all intoxicat- ing drinks, nothing contributes more to the preser- vation of health. Every person should lay themselves under some sort of necessity to take exercise. Indolerice, like other vices, when indulged, gains ground, and at length becomes agreeable. Hence many who were fond of exercise in the early part of life, be- come averse to it afterwards. This is often the case with gouty and hypocondriac persons, and frequently when tln^ir diseases are difficult to cure. Indolence not oidy occasions disea.ses, and ren- ders man useless to society, but promotes all man- ner of vice. The mind, if not engaged in some useful pursuit, is constantly in quest of some ideal pleasures. From these sources proceed mo.irnn,g ,n everij partideof grassorsluhble,andi(avii,L' I grouml m the best possible mazma: The length n't' i mould board has ht n very much increased, so ihal | 1 lough works with Ihe greatest ease, both with respect the holding and the team. The Committee al the lale tr ot Ploughs al Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of thePloU" we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhaps say the inquirer, it your land is mostly light and easy to wi, try Prouty & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hard orrua BEGIN WITH Mn. HOWAUD'.?.'' Al Ihe above mentioned trial the Howard Pl"ugh d more irork irilh the same pmrer of learn, than any oil plough exhibited. No other turned more than tweniyse and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, wh'ile i Hoicard Plovgh turned hccntmihie and one half inches the same power of team .' All acknowledge thai Howar Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantia made. There has been quite an improvement made on the sh or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wiili. having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise seui the mould board and landside together, and slrcuglhens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to Sl5. A Ploii' siilficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost ah. ».0 50, and with cutler $ I, with wheel and culler, S2 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Si. Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Street, by JOSKPH BRECK & CO Muck Manual, price 62i cts. Feb. 16. GREEK'S PATENT STRAW CL'TTEH. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England Agric tnval Warehouse and Seed Store Nos, SI and 52 Noriii !\1 kel Street, have lor sale. Green's Paieni Straw, Hav Slalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle noi bel ajiplied lo any implement for this purjtose. The inos! iirr inent e.fecis of this application, and some of the consequ peculiarities ol the machine are: 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requn to use il, that the strength of a half grown boy is sulhci 10 work it ellicienlly. 2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two In els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been clan by any other machine even when worked by horse or stc power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which tl cut, require sharpening less often than those «l any ot straw caller. 4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and logether very strongly. It is Ihercfure not so liable ; t;0mplicated machines in general use lo get out of order LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for testi the ipialily of milk. For sale by J. BRECK <& CO NEW ENGLAMJ FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 !iO if rot p within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank suhacriplinns and reinittancfcs for newspapers, « illi expensB to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT. PRINTERS) ai School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BT JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AoBioutrnsAi. Wabehousb.) .XXI BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 6, 1844. [XO. 36. N. E. FARMER GUANO, &c. ; Editor of the New England Farmer : ;end you herewith a head of corn which was II last year under the influence of Guano — x,,.^.uuc ouiio. I room, will be out of the way. Trees should be The principal varieties of fruit which succeed I P'anted as near the surface as possible, and no ma- in our climate, are the Apple, Pear, Quince, Plum, ! nure should come in contact with the roots. It is Cherry and Peach, besides many other minor fruits, not considered necessary to slake trees, as thev which though of less importance, are highly desira- frequently receive more injury from this, by chaf- '^'^- '"ff. however wel! secured, than benefit; and most The Apple stands first in importance, as its use experienced persons have abandoned the practice is indispensable in every family. As an article of export, it is of some and increasing consequence : our climate is admirable for the perfection of the fruit. Formerly, little attention was given by many of our farmers to the quality of the apple which tliey suffered to grow on their farms. If it was a good In my experience, and from observation, I have come to the conclusion that an orchard should be kept under perpetual cultivation, as by pursuing this course, ihe trees will make more rapid pro- gress, come into bearing quicker, and produce finer fruit. This practice is pursued by some of our most thrifty market gardeners. There are some ... ^.„.. „., i,,^.. ,,,,,,1,3. ,, ,1 ,vu3 u gnou iiiuai, iiMiiijf luarKui garaeners. mere are some cider apple, it was all that was considered neces- 1 varieties of apples which never succeed well in sary: good fruit for the family and market, was of I grass ground. [If the ground is very rich, and minoj importance. If a farmer could make . 10, 100, ' the grass kept down as far about the tree a.s the or 150 barrels of cider, it was about all he expect- I branches extend, and well manured every year, ed from his orchard, or desired. It was enough j grass may he grown in the intervals between the to /urfd/e his own and his neighbor's family for the 'trees; hut this is difl^erent from the practice of year to come— and what, with the feelings and j permitting the grass to take full possession, with a habits then prevailing, could he wish for more. scanty supply of manure.] But when the glorious Tkmperance Refokma- The enemies of the apple tree are the borer, Tio.N dawned upon us, and the brains of the peo- | curculio, canker worm, and caterpillar; and they pie began to be a little more clear, and their men- lOre great obstacles to the successful cultivation of tal vision more distinct, th« inquiry was made, '^'^ ''"'* " What shall we do with our orchards'?" At first' some, in their zeal, were disposed to wreak their vengeance upon the trees, and inconsiderately " laid the axe to the root," and felled them to the ground ; but the more discerning soon discovered that apples were valuable food for stock, and many were consumed in this way. As the vitiated taste of men became reformed with their habits, a de- sire for better fruits was manifest, and we liad the pleasure of witnessing the renovation of many or- chards by grafting them over witli good fruit. In New England are found many native varieties of the Apple, of the first clasii, and which for our climate, are superior to any in the w„rld. Amoiif all the imported varieties, and those from the Mid° die States, few will couipare with the Baldwin, this fruit. The Pear tree is next in importance to the apple, and require rich soil, inclining to moisture. On dry, lean soil, good and perfect fruit cannot be ex- pected. Pears are budded on pear and quince stocks. It is well to have some of each descrip- tion. Some varieties of pears succeed best on quince stocks ; they come into bearing much quick- er, and the fruit in some cases is more perfect and higher colored. Trees on quince stocks may be planted very thick, and, where there is but little ground and many varieties desired, are most to be preferred. We have in cultivation many fine for- eign varieties, which are hardly known among our farmers generally. Our Horticultural Society has done much in introducing and proving many valu- able varieties, and they have gathered togellier T) I n ^ ■ — — -■■..., uuiu vuiictii.-i>, uiiu iiiey lave sat lerecl tofelner kntcTal "''V "'"'r-'^^r'"'''''^'"'"'^'' -nyfine native sortsf besides' those ge,rer ay long catalogue of native fruits that might be enu- kno.vn. During the last season, they have brought Our native seedlings are generally better ada In our climate than many foreign sorts, and bt bearers and more hardy. The new varieties al ed to, are the Hull, Wilbur, McLaughlin and L rence. [The Hull and the Wilbur were received f D. Wilbur, jr., Somerset, Mass., on the 23 September, then in eating. A beautiful seed was exhibited at the Horticultural Rooms b W. Oliver, of Lynn, in perfection 21st of Octo the flavor very fine, having some resemblanc the Seckel, but a size larger and more heaut On the 25th of November, the Lawrence Pear examined and tested: it was from WilcomU King, nurserymen, Long Island, N. Y. ; pronoi ed very fine. On Dec. 2d, Mr S. L. Goodal. Saco, Me., exhibited a Pear known by the n of the McLaughlin, of fine quality, which originated in the vicinity of Portland.] The fire-blight is a disease which is often structive to llie Pear tree. The Quince requires a moist, rich soil, and no enemy except the borer. There can hardly. said to be more than two varieties the Orau and Portugal. In the cultivation of the Plum tree, we much to contend with. It is subject to the ra ges of the Curculio, which in some districts discouraged the horticulturist in attempting raise this fine fruit. lu the city of Boston" some places in Ihe vicinity, it is raised to per lion ; while in other locations the crop is inva bly destroyed, or so little is perfected as hardb make it an object to encumber the ground v the trees. The black warty excrescence is an. er disease fatal to the tree, if not timely chec by amputating or cutting off the diseased p Salt has been recommended as destructive to Curculio, and has in some cases been applied n success. The Cherry is a delicious and healthy fruit, e; ly cultivated, and not so common among farm as it should be. Some persons complain of depredation of birds upon this fruiT, and speak them as very annoying; but in Brighton, we hi enough for birds, boys and all, and many rot the trees. If any farmer would sot out a do; trees, there would be no complaint on this score As to the Peach, it is a most delicious fruit, , Ihe greatest obstacle in its cultivation is the sev ity of the climate. In same severe cold seaso the trees have all been destroyed, and often sul so as not to bear abundantly ; but notwuhsland these groat discouragements, it is best to persev. and keep planting, as the young trees will be; to bear in two or three years after planting I stone, if budded the first season, which is the°bi method. (Concluded on cdilorial page.) meratcd. In setting out an orchard, the first important step — ' — J — - -.""Qiit to notice four or five new varieties of native pears, which are worthy of a place in every collection. Charcoal for Manure. — Charcoal is recommen ed as a manure, because it is an absorbent of ai monia, and it is supposed that by spreading it the soil, it will absorb the ammonia from "the i mosphere, and transmit it to the growing plants tliey require. That it is an absorbent of ammoni may be known from its taking away the efiluv from tainted meat or fish. So completely will do this, that we have known meat that had consi erably taken hurt, made good and free from ar disagreeable taste or smell, by being repacked wii charcoal between each layer Mb. Cult. I.. XXIt.NO. 36. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 283 THE ECONOMY OF STALL FEEDING. , a lecture on the fattening of cattle, delivered he R('yal Agricultural Society, and reported )C Gardeners' Chronicle, I stated that some ex- nents were then in progress at Whitfield Farm, igh the kindness of Lord Duoie, winch I be- d would confirni some of the theories adduced at lecture. I now beij to redeem my promise inrniinicitin? to the public the results o'' these riLnents. Tliey were carefully superintended Ir John Morion, from whom I have received 1 assistance on this and on many other occa- 1. iebi<», in his work on .\ninial Chemistry, has ■ed more accurately than any precedinq; wri- he source of animal heat, and the constituents le food used in its support. He has shown warmth is an equivalent for food, and that on the other hand, renders nocesr^ary a great- upply of food, by carrying ofl' rapidly the heat h its combustion engenders. He has also ted out that motion is always accompanied waste of matter in the body, and it followed rally from this that an economy of food was ssarilv the result of an economy of motion, e.vperiments of Lord Ducie and Mr. Childcrs, I feeding sheep in sheds, afforded a powerful tical illustration of these theories. The warmth nunicnted by the sheds was equivalent to a lin amount of food, and the deprivation of mo- occaeioned a diminished waste of the tissues le body, and, therefore, a corresponding saving inient. To illustrate these views more fully ollowing experiments were instituted on five of sheep, each lot consisting of five sheep : — lo. 1 lot was fed out of doors, and was there- exposed to all the influence of atmospheric iges. Jo. 2 lot was kept under an open shed, and efore was less exposed to the inclemencies of weather. fo. 3 lot was placed under an open shed, similar he last lot, but in this case the sheep were kept tary, !. e., each was confined to a space of 3 ft. I ft. fo. 4 lot was placed under a close shed in the t. Jo. 5 lot was kept under a shed like No. 4, ex- t that each sheep was separated, and confined , space of 3 ft. by 4 feet. 'hese different lots were allowed 1 pint of Oats each sheep per diem, but were supplied with as ly Swedes as they felt disposed to eat ; the "hts consumed were accurately determined. ! live weights of the sheep were ascertained )re the commencement, and at the conclusion he experiments the results were as follows : — -^ Live Live increase Weight of weight weight in live roots Nov. 18. Mar. 9. weight. eaten. ~ 108 lbs. 131J lbs. 23J lbs. 1912 lbs. 104 I3v!-2-5 28 -J-S 1394 108 130 1-5 22 1-5 123H ina 12!) 4-5 •27 4-5 88(5 111 131 34 20 3-4 686 n the consideration of these experiments, we / refer to the " roots" alone, as the quantity of •n supplied to the sheep was in all coses the le. It will bi? seen that the first lot, or that ich was exposed to the cold, ate more than dou- the quantity of food consumed by the sheep in a dark warm shed. Exposure to cold winds abstracted heat so rapidly from the bodies of the sheep, that a large amount of food was necessary to support their proper temperature. That this excess of food was wholly employed for this pur- pose, and entirely lost as far as the farmer is con- cerned, is obvious, for the absolute increase in weight of the first and last lots is nearly equal, al- though the relative increase for the food consumed is much in favour of the latter. Thus, also, it will be seen, that although the second lot of sheep re- ceived 51S lbs. of food less than the first, yet that lot reached a greater weight both absolutely and relatively. The second lot had the protection of n shed, and, therefore, did not require so much food to keep up the proper temperature of their bo- dies as the exposed sheep. In these two cases, both lots were similarly situated with regard to ex- ercise. In lots .3 and 5, a diminished space was afforded, but without advantage, probably from disturbing the placid temperament of his animals, as they were observed to fret and lose their appe- tites when thus separated. 'I'hc result attending the experiment with the 4th lot is highly interest- ing. The sheep forming this lot were confined in the dark. In this stale there were no inducements for the sheep to move about, or even to remain in a waking state, except when impelled by hunger to eat food. Hence they passed much of their time in sleep. During sleep, the voluntary mo- tions ceased, and there was small waste of the lis- sues of the animal, which now possessed almost entirely a vegetable life, and increased rapidly in size, with small consumption of food. Although eating considerably less than one-half of the food consumed by those sheep which were exposed to the weather and to the causes of waste produced by voluntary motion, this lot increased nearly as j much in absolute weight at a relative economy o! food nearly three times as great. The results of these experiments are very fa- j vorable to the views brought forward in the lee- ture referred to. They will, I trust, confirm, if • proof be still requisite, the economy of stall-feed- ing, and the principles on which this practice de- pends. I am quite aware that considerable evils have been found to attend the system in certain cases ; but in every case which I have examined, the evils seem wholly attributable to the manner in which the system was carried into operation, and not to the system itself Cattle are confined in sheds built without any regaid to ventilation or cleanliness : they become diseased ; and stall- feeding is pronounced by the fanner, who thus suf- fers the effects of his own want of care, to bo very injurious, and to be productive of evil consequen- ces to the health of his stock. If cattle are expo- ! sed continuously to an impure atmosphere, the ' tone of their system becomes depressed and disease follows, sometimes exhibited in the form of diarr- hoea, frequently of rot, very often of consumption, or of one or other of the many diseases to which cattle are liable. But none of them are the results of the system, nor have they occurred when due regard has been paid to cleanliness and ventila- tion. These are points which retard the progress of fattening much more than farmers are generally aware of. Attention to these circumstances would I feel convinced, render more sure the favorable results which follow from the communication of warmth and the deprivation of excessive motion, and would be further productive of economy in the returns for food supplied. — Dr. Lyon Play/air, be- fore Ike Royal Inatitulion, Manchester. HEARING LAMBS FOR THE BUTCHER. The Essex (Mass.) .\gricultural Society's Trans- actions for last year, conlain a valuable slntement from Joseph Marshall, of Ipswich, on the piinage- ment of sheep for the purpose of rearing lambs for the butcher. He keeps them in good plight, as lie finds they will not otherwise be protitablo. In winter they are fed on clover, or second crop hay, bean and pea vines, &c. He is scrupulously at- tentive to the preservation of their lienlih, by keep- ing them in dry places. In winter, they are kept under an open shed nights, and are never allowed to be out in wet storms, day nor night, lie does not even allow their skins to be wet by washing them — preferring to wash the wool after shearing. He has followed this treatu'enl with his sheep tor several years, and has never had an unhualtliy or dirly-nosed one among them — and they have never had a tick or a louse. At the time of lambing, he gives them each a gill of corn every morning, and feeds plentifully with turnips or carrots. They commence lambing in February ; and last season, a part of them being put with the buck in March, again produced lambs in August — and Mr .Mar- shall has no doubt that had they all been with the buck at that time, they would have " produced a second crop of lambs." He intends hereafter to have them produce lambs twice a yea^. He sells his lambs at between three and four months old, at two dollars each, and finds the business profitable. His sheep average four to rive pounds per fleece. Mr M.'s pastures are high ground, not very rich, nor better adapted to .sheep ihan most farms in the country «3/6. Cult. Roots of Plants. — In loamy or sandy soils, the roots of trees have been found to penetrate to the depth of 10 or 12 feet ; and the roots of the Canada thistle have been traced 6 or 7 feet below the sur- face. Wheat, if planted in a mellow, rich soil, will strike its roots 3 feet downwards, and elongate much further horizontally. The roots of oats have been discovered at 18 inches from the stem, and the long thread-like roots of grass extend still fur- ther. The roots of an onion are ^o white, that in lilack mould they can be readily traced, and in a trenched or spaded soil, they have been followed to the depth of two feet. The potato throws out roots to the distance of L5 or 20 inches; and the tap-rooted plants, turnips, beets, carrots, &c., inde- pendent of perpendicular roots, spread their fibres to a distance which equals, if it does not exceed the potato. It is perfectly absurd to expect to suc- ceed with roots of this class, unless the ground is so mellow as to allow them to penetrate and grow freely — and to cfiect this mellowing, nothing can be so effectual as the use of the subsoil plow. — Chatham (Eng.j Jour. Great Crops. — Gov. Hill states in the Monthly Visitor, that there were raised last year on an is- land in Winnipisseogee lake, 00 1-2 bushels of fine spring wheal to the acre — the same land hav- ing given the year before, 137 busliels of shelled corn. The farmers of that region, we should sup- pose, can have no great desire to emigrate West. Black Sea Spring Wheat — Mr G. Farnum, of Shorehani, Vt., says he thrashed about .500 bushels of this wheat, and did not hove a single rusty bun- dle ; whereas three-fourths of the other varieties was badly damaged by rust. 284 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MARCH 6, IS DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES. [Continued.] THE QUALIIT OF DUNG. It is alTocted first, by tlie season ; second, by the age ; third, by the sex ; fourth, by the condl- tion ; fifth, by the .node of employ.nunt ; si.xth, by }^^ ^ ^^^^ .^^ ,^^j,^_ ^^^^ ^^^ the natnre of the beast ; seventh, the kind of food, j ^^^^ ^ j^^^_ ^^ fattening animals, contains 1st. The season. It is because digestion is r n .1 1 . r r j r 1 . .1 lou i lie oco.iMi. lu " , ^ more of all the elements of food for plants, than at worse in summer than in winter, a general tact, ,. , , ■ 1 1 t ■ . wuiBc = iiiiiici , g \ any other period, and is peculiarly rich in nitrogen. I trust, reader, it is not so long since you have met warnrith, requires but little of his breathing food, to keep up his heat. All the starcli, gum, sugar, &c. go to form fat. Having little use for his muscles or flesh, that sufters little waste, and the nitrogen which should go to form flesh, is voided in dung. If it is a she, no milk is given during this period, tire summer soiled, it is said the manure is worth double that from stall-led winter cattle. I do not think much is to he attributed to the worse diges- tion in summer, but the cause of this great diffe- rence in value, is to be found in the fact, that soil- ed cattle generally get a large proportion of blood- forming food. The wear and tear of their flesh is little, ami hence, requiring little of their food to keep up their flesh, a greater portion goes off in dung, which thus becomes rich in ammonia. The green plants, rich in nitrogen, afliVird abundance for milk, ■which, being rich in all the elements of cream, should nfi"ord Inrge returns of butter. 2d. Age. From the fact, that young and grow- ing animals require not only food to form flesh and blood, to repair the incessant waste and change taking pl.ice in their bodies, as in older animals, but also a further supply to increase the bulk of their frame, it is evident, that their food will be more completely exhausted of all its principles, and that also less will be returned as dung. All expe- rience confirms this reasoning, and decides that the manure of young animals is ever the weakest and poorest. 3d. The se.\'. This is one of the most powerful of the causes which affect the strength of dung. From the remarks which have been already made, and which 1 trust, reader, are now fresh in your memory, of the important part acted by nitrogen in dung, it must be plain why sex should exercise such influence. Ist. In all food, as we have ex- plained, that only which contains nitrogen, can form flesh and blood, or substances of similar con- stitution, that is, requiring a large proportion of nitrogen, as milk. Hence an animal with young, that is, a cow before calving, requires not only ma- terials for its own repair, but to build up and per- fect its young. Hence the food will be most com- pletely exhausted of its nitrogen, and consequently the dung become proportionably weaker. 2d. The young having been formed, then milk is required for its sustenance. Milk contains a large propor- tion of nitrogenous or blood-forming elements, and so tlie cause which originally made the dung weak. the word ammonia, that you have forgotten that its source and origin are due to this nitrogen. Now the source of this nitrogen is in the food, and as, during fattening, grain, is supplied for its starch, &c., to make fat, and very little waste of the body taking place, the extra nitrogen of the blood-form- ing materials of grain, is nearly all voided in dung. .')th. The mode of employment. Your working beasts suffer great wearnnd tear of flesh and blood, bone and muscle, thews and sinews. Hence their daily food supplies only this daily waste : the food is very thoroughly exhausted, and of course the dung is weak. It derives its chief value from the excretions of those parts of the body which are voided as waste materials, among the excrements. There is a distinction to be noted here: excretions are the worn-out flesh and blood elements — excre- ments, the undigested and unused food : dung in- cludes both excretions and excrements. Now the chief value of the dung of working cattle depends upon the excretions. Cth. The nature of the beast. If his coat is wool, he requires more sulphur and phosphorus, the natural yolk or sweat of his wool, more lime and ammonia, than does the hairy-coated animal. Hence sheep produce manure less rich in many of the elements of plants, than cattle ; but as at the same lime it contains a larger portion of nitrogen, and is very finely chewed, it runs quicker into fermen- tation. It is a hotter manure, quick to eat, quick to work, and is soon done. 7th. The kind of food. We have already spok- en of this as aflecting the quantity of dung. Its effects are no less marked on its quality. Now all that requires to be said on this subject, is to re- mind you, reader, of the two divisions of food, the fat-formers, and the flesh and blood-formers. It must be evident, that the more of this last the food contains, that is, the more nitrogenous is the food, the richer the dung. Hence, grains of all sorts, peas, beans, &c., will always give a richer dung than fruits, as apples, &c. The more nitrogenous the hay, the richer the dung. Meadow cats-tail and rye grass are nearly six times stronger in am- monia than oat straw. Red clover is twice as rich very great value of clover in enriching land is made evidi^nt. But to return to the quality of dung, as atfected by the food, it has been pr that animals fattening on oil cake, give manu value double tliat of common stock. Here t dance of nitrogen is supplied where but very is required, and consequently much is void dung. The point to which we have arrived is a br ing place : the remarks which have been ol upon the action of salts, have prepared the wo our entering upon the next section — the S( class of manures. (To be continued.) continues to operate during all the lime the animal I •„„:,,„„„„„„ I,, • u . u 1 1 . . .,,„,■■■, „. ' '" nitrogen as herds-grass: wheat, barley, and rye is in milk. Sex, then it is evident, affects mate- i _,,.,„. „,„„„ „„,i ,,. .■, .. _._,,_, _i.... _f .i._ J __ straw, green cirrotsand potatoes contain only about one-third to one-fifth the ammonia of herds-grass. rially the quality of the dung. 4lh. The condition. If the animal is in good ! and tarnips only about one-sixth. The quantity condition, aud full grown, it requires only food | of ammonia contained in these different difl^erent enough to supply materials to renew its waste. j grasses and straws, shows at once the efl^ect they Hence, the food, (supposing that always in suffi. , must have in the compost heap. The kind of lit- cient quantity,) is leas exhausted of its elements, tor must have no small effect upon the value of than when the animal is in poor condition. In manure. And while we are upon this subject, it the last case, not only waste, but new materials may not be out of place to mention, that the kind must be supplied. If the animal is improving in of a green crop turned in, materially affects the fesh, (and here, reader, 1 would have you boar in value of the process. While the straws of the mind the distinction between flesh and fat,) if the grain-bearing plants afford for every ton of green animal is improving in flesh, then the manure is al- crop turned in, about three-quarters of a pound of ways less strong, than when he is gained fat. ammonia, green corn-stalks and herds-grass, about There is no manure so strong as that of fattening five pounds of ammonia per ton ; red clover'affords animals. An animal stall-fed, kept in proper about seventeen pounds of ammonia per ton. The For the New England Farmer. ROOT CROPS— NEW METHOD OF PL/ ING POTATOES. Mr Editor — At the sixth agricultural me at your State House, the Hon. Mr Allen made very judicious remarks, as 1 think, upon the vation of the various kinds of root crops for fe stock. He says " the turnip family can be i with less expense than any other roots with knowledge." But he objects to the cultivati the turnip and ruta baga, upon account of the ing great exhausters of the soil. Mr 15. V. F is of the same opinion. Now there is frequ a crop of bagas of from 800 to 1000 bushels i upon an acre — and we should expect that would exhaust the soil ; but it is now a rec opinion that a large portion of the food of pla derived from the air, in an especial mann those having large leaves, like the English 1 and baga ; and it is also a settled fact, that if return to the land the crop that has grown it, you add to the fertility of the soil, becaus return to it all that has been abstracted I growing crop, with the addition ot that dc from the air. From the above reasoning, th the crop is consumed by the farm stock, ar manure, solid and liquid, be returned to the I ground, it would be enriched ; or if appli some othar part of the farm, that is enrichec haps in a greater ratio than the turnip groi impoverished. From some few trials in fe cattle tlirough our long winters upon a port roots, I am satisfied that their value is not appreciated by farmers in the country, even i they never sell a quart of milk. The ances oijr race of cattle were formed to feed thf round upon green forage — and a peck or two of roots, with their dry meadow hay, must bt ducive to their health and comfort, during w and to the profit of the farmer. With the highest respect for Mr Allen's opi on all matters appertaining to the farm, I s not have ventured to make any comments upi remarks, had I not thought they were rather t lated to deter farmers from cultivating the I family of roots, on account of their exhai qualities, notwithstanding he thought they be raised cheaper than any other routs. If I taken a right view of the subject, his objei are not of a very serious nature. In the N. E. Farmer of Feb. 21, p. 207, you copied from the Farmer's Cabinet, an ortit the cultivation of potatoes. The writer of tl tide says: " The object of this essay is par give publicity to a method by which the wri induced to believe more potatoes could be i to the acre than by any other method tha vol.. XX\1. JIO. 36. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 285 lie tn his knowledge." He gives directions for ipnrinjr tlie jrroiuul, &c., and directs that tlic >d be dropped In the furrows, at llic distance of foot npiirt ; and s-iys — " Adinilting: tlic plants uld yiold an average of two ordinary sized pota- s to each — it has been ascertained tlial 260 inid- ! sized potatoes make a bushel — llien, as there 43.500 square feet in an acre of land, and cal- latinf the riiei titnineler al llie (iar and Western, 04 a 7 — Hama, Boston, 0 a 0 — lern and Western, 5 a 5i — Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 meal, \ — do new milk, 4i a Sj. DOl,. Duly. The value whereof at the place of ex- lion shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 per cenl. aJ All wlioreot the value exceeds 7 els. per pound, 40 per 1. val. and 3 cts per pound. ere has been no important change in the market since »st review. A gootl demand continues for all descrip- , and prices are firm. aie or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 40 a 48 c. — Amer- full blood, do 40 a 45— Do. 3-4 do 35 a 33— Do. 1-2 do 35-1-4 and common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna .Sheep, ed, 20 a 25— Do. unwashed, 10 a 15 — Bengasi do — Saxony, clean, 00 — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a lo — ■>. picked, 10 a 15— Superfine Norlhern pulled lainb 35 -No. 1 do. do. do. 30 a 35 — No. 2 do do do 25 a 30 — 1 do do do 18 a 20. OPS. Duly 20 per cent. 4 JUi 100 bales arrived this week from the growers, which n unsold. Nothing doing by dealers beyond a limited demand. son Mass 1843, lb. 7 a 7 1-4 ; 2d do NOJVANTlini HII..L1. NUnSKRY OF WILLIAM KENRICK. Baldwin and other Apple Trees of fine sizes, 10,000 IVacli Trees, also of Kinds sujierior and III sizes line; Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Nec- tarine Trees of kinds new or most highly es- teemed. This nursery, by late extensions, now covers 30 acres of ground. A large green house is now being added. Franconia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Currants Gooseber- ries, Strawberries — o( kinds most approved. The descri]i- live Catalogue for 1843 will be .'=ent to all who apply. Ornamental Trees ami Shrubs, and Honeysuckles; yel- low Harrison and other Roses; Tree and other splended Pfflonies of dillerent colors. Also, Myall's Victoria and other new kinds ol Rhubarb, double Dahlias, &c. &c. All orders addressed 10 the subscriber will be promptly attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be securely packed in mats and moss for safe transport to all distant places, and delivered in the city by the wagon which goes hither daily, or shipped to order, or per railroad. Or.iers may be left wilh .loseph Brcck & Co. 51 6c 52 North Mar- ket street, John G. Locke, Esq., or Eliphalct Wheeler. Esq., Frammgham. WILLIAM KENUICK. March 0. eptMl5 Nonanlum Hill, Newton. FiNii: FicorE:is fink sbbd. The subscribers have for sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved Ironi the varieties of double Pinks which were exhibited by them at the Horticultural Rooms, and for which they obtained premiums Ihe last season. This is pro- bably the finest seed of American growth ever offered for sale. Price 25 cents per package. Also extra fine English Picotce and Carnation seed at 12^ cents per package. JOSEPH BRECK &- CO. Boston, March 6, 1844. ^VAKTKD. An experienced and thorough farmer, of strictly temper- ate habits, is wanted lo do the work upon a small farm, easily cultivated, within 20 miles ol Boston. One without a family would be preferred. Satisfactory recommendations required. Application to be made to the editor of this paper, or ad- dress (postage paid,) F. B. at the office of the New Eng- land Farmer. Boston, March 0, 1844. FARM 'WANTED. A Farm, worth from 3 to S6OOO and within 30 miles of Boston, is wanted in exchange lor valuable Slocks, or part payment in cash. Apply al 45 Harrisou Avenue, before March 71h, at 3 1-2 P. M. only. 2t Feb. 28. LONDON HORTICUIiTtlRAL SOCIETY'S CATA- LOGUE OP FRUITS. The subscribers have recei ed a few dozen of these val- uable Catalogues. Those who have ordered them are re- quested to call before they are all taken. Feb. 28. JOS- BRECK & CO. WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER, A young man who is well acquainted wilh the various branches of Gardening, and who can procure satisfactory testimonials, by applying at Mr McOLOUGH'S, South Boston. Address J. D. *5w. Feb. 28. GUANO I GUANO I Just received by the subscribers, a few bags of Guano, For sale in small quantities 10 suit purchasers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Feb. 28, 1843. ■WANTS EMPLOYMENT. A steady man, a native of .Scotland, perfect In the culture of the Vegetable, Fruit and Flower Garden,— the construc- ting of Grape Vinaries, upon an extensive and most ajipro- ved plan of durability — the culture and management of For- cing in all its various branches — and the propagation of Plants. A lady or gentleman wanting a man of ihe above capacity, will please" leave a line at JOSEPH BRECK S,- CO'S. Seed Store, addressed lo T. Y. Feb. 28. WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who understands the Green House, Hot House, Forcing, Nursery, Flower and Killien Gardening, in all its various branches, and who has had several years ex- perience in one nf the best )ilaces in New England, wishes a situation in any private or public eslablishmenl. Can fur- nish the best reference. A line addressed to I!. W. 0. Ro.xbury, Mass.. will com- mand immediate attention. Feb. 14. JOSEPH BRECK & CO NEW ENGLAND Jll^rifultural ll'iiri/iotjsc ANO S.CED STORE. 51 and 52 North l\I:irket Street, Boston. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. having received u lull and gen- eral assortment of FIELD, (HH^S, (iARUEN and FLOW- ER SEEDS, worthy <•( cultivation, confidently recommend them as being pure ami ol the first qualities, unmixed with other vuriclics; they have no hesitation in saying that their col.ection of Seeds is ihe best, an, I of llie greatest variety ever offered for sale at any eslablishmenl in the U. Stales, and would invite all to send in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may sujiply themselves with the choicest va- rieties in good season lor the Spring pianliiiu The following are a few of ihe most iinportanl kinds which Ihey offer wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Chailton, do. Frame, do, Warwick. Improved lilue Iiiiperiitl, VVoodlord's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's iJwari, for borders, Kuights' Dwarf, Dwarf Marrowfats, Tall do. BEANS. Lima. Saba, Horlicultur.il Pole. Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberrj Pole, White do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case kiiile,do. Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead. Late .Sugar loaf. Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early \'orli', Batlersea, Va- nack, Hope, Early Sugar-loaf, with a complete variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Turnip Beets, French Sugar Beds, Man. gel Wurtzel, Kiita Ba'-^a, Loii-j Orange. Early Horn and While Field Carrots, Eurly and Lute Caulillowers, Broc- colis of nil sorts, Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- jorum, Sage. Stiiiiiiier ^uvo^y, Thyme, and Turnips, more than twenty fine varieties. They have .just received per Ship Minerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower Seeds, which together with en assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete colleclion ever offered for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Greenhouse Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Routs, and all Nursery productions furnished al one day's notice, and when requested, can fie packed in mats and bo.xes, so as lo be sent lo Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms wilh Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with print- ed directions on each package for its managemeni and cul- tivation. GRASS SEEDS, At wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Giass, a first rale article for Lawns. Clover Seed, Red and While, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl Meadow, Northern and Southern Red 'fop, Barley, Oats, Millet, Rhode Island Grass, Buek« heat, &c., &c., ol the best quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz : — 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2'i0 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cullers, 5ii Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, too Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- table Cutters, 50 Common do. do., 2o0 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 150O Doz. .Scythe Stonee, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 600 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do- Patent Snuilhs, 200 do Common do., 600 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3' Odo. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do, Truck do. loil do. Draft do, 600 do. Tie up do, 60 doz. Halter do, louo yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. TIE UP CHAINS!— Just received by the "Oceanus" 300 Chains for tying up cattle. These chains, introduced by E. H. Derby, Esq. of Salem, and Col. jAciiCES, for the purpose of securing caitle to the stall, are found to be iho safest and most omvenient mode of fastening cows and oxen 10 the stanchion. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. .Agricultural Warehouse an 1 Seed Slore, 51 } and 52 North JIarket Street, Boston. J Feb. 21, 1344. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared lo furnish every description of Fruit Trees, mid Ornamental Trees, Shrubs anti Plants The autumn is a siiitahle tune to transplant many Trees and _ Planis, and often times mote coiivenienl than in spring. We have ;ig great a variety of ,App|,>. Pears, Cher- ries, Plums. l*eaches, (iuinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and offer llieui at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct, II, 1843. 288 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MABCH C, IS44 MISCELLANEOUS WHAT IS CHARITY? 'T IS not to p:u^^Je vvlmii at my door, A shivering brotliur stands ; To ask the cause that made him poor Or why he hcilp demands. It 's not to spurn that biuther's prayer For faults hi; once h'ls known ; 'T is not to leave hiin in despair, And say that I have nono. The voice orCHARirv is kind — She ihinkelli notliiiig wrong ; To every fault slie seemelh blind, JSor vaunleth with her tongue. Jn Penilencu she placcth Faith — Hope smileth at her door ; Relieveih first— then softly sailli, " Go brotlier, sin no more !" Selected. Power of the Pence Principles. — The following beautiful siory is totd by a correspondent of the Boston Courier, to illustrate tlie power of peace principles : I have read of a certain roffiment ordered to march into a small town (in the Tyrol, I think,) and take it. It chanced that the place was settled by a colony who believed in the gospel of Christ, and proved their Caiih by works. A courier from a neiohborinn; village informed them that troops ■were advancing to take the town. They quietly answered, " If they will take it they must." Sol- diers soon came riding in, with colors flying, and fifes piping shrill defiance. They looked round for an enemy, and saw the farmer at his plow, the blacksmith at his anvil, and the women at their churns and spinning wheels. Babies crowded to hear the music, and boys ran out to see the pretty trainers, with feathers and bright buttons, ''the harlecjuins of the nineteenth century." Of course none of these were in proper position to be shot at. " Where are your soldiers ?" asked the invaders. "We liave none," was the reply. " Hut we have come to take the town." "Well, friends, it lies before you." "But is there here nobody to fight?" "No: we are all Christians." Here was an emergency altogether unprovided for by the military schools. This was a sort of resistance which powder and ball could not meet; a fortress perfectly bomb proof. The commander was perplexed. " If there is nobody to fight with, of course we cannot tight," said he. "It is impossible to take such a town as this." So he ordered the horses' heads to be turned round, and the troops evacuated the village, as guiltless as when lliey entered, and perchance somewhat wiser. ^ Ten/ Fair Hit. — A collector of church rates in England, called upon a Quaker, who kept a dry goods store, for the usual sum. The latter said — " Friend, is it right that I should pay, when I never attend the established church?" "The chuich is open to all," answered the col- lector, " and you might have attended, if you had a mind to." The Quaker paid the money, and the next day sent the collector a bill for a quantity of broad- cloth. The man came immediately to the store of the Quaker, and in a great passion asked the mean- ing of it, declaring that he never had a single arti- cle from his store. " Oh !" said the Quaker, rubbing his hands, " the store was open for thee, and thou mightest have had the cloth if thou hadst a mind." ffhert is the Scltoulmaster'? — The Boston Cou- rier says the following is a literal copy of an en- dorsement on a petition, recently presented to the Mass. House of Representatives : " Mr Handy of Barnstable Presents the Pretishon of Snow & Rich and 20 others Citersons of Bos- ton Praying for the Law to be amended as Setforth in said i'relishon Relating to Barrels for Mackrel and other Pickled fish wish it Referred to the Com- mitty on Fishreys." J\"egro Eloquence A dandy black stepped into a provision store to buy sotne potatoes : before purchasing the article, he gave the following truly eloquent description of its nature : " Tte later is in- evitably bad or inwerably good. Dere am no me- diocrity in de combination ob de later. De exte- rior may appear remarkably exemplary and bute- some, while de interior is totally negative: but, sir, if you wends de article 'pon yoiir own respon- sibility, knowing you to be a man of sagacity in all your translations, why, sir, widout furder cir- cumlocution, I lake a bushel." " Now, as you are on my side, I hope you will stick to me," as the patient said to the strengthen- ing plaster. The following humorous definition was given by Sheridan: — "Irishman — a machine for converting potatoes into human nature." PATENT COKN SHELTER. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that the practical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. It can he used in all cases for large or small .sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and durable in its operation, and no way liable to get out oi" order ; one man can work it to good advantage, though a man to turn, and a boy to feed it, works it much better than one alone. Tliey are so light and portable, as to !>e easily removed from place to place, and one machine will serve for several families or even the m- haliilants of a small town. For sale at the Aaricullural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North IMarkel Street JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. WILLIS'S LATEST I.ttPROVED VEGETABI.E CLTTKK. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehou.se, No. 51 and 52 Nortli Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved Vegetable Culler. This macnine surpasses all olhers for the purpose of Cutting Ruia Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots. The great objection to other machines, is their culling the roots inio slices, which makes it almost impossible lor the cattle to get hold of them : this machine with a little alteration, cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most convenient for the cattle to eat It will cut with ease from one lo two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. i . DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains. 20U " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 Norih Market st. HARRIS' TRE.VTISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise on Insects. Price 32. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price 62i els. Feb. 16. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great iiiiprovemrnis have been made the past vear i form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould b has been so formed as to /ui/ Ihe furrow complrleh/ turning in evenj particle of grass orsluhhle, and leaviri ground in the best possible mariner. The length of mould board has bt ,i very much increased, so that Plough works with the greatest ease, liolh with respei the holding and the team. The Committee at the late of Ploughs at Worrester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Plo we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhaps si the inquirer, if your land is mostly light ami easy to v try Prouty & Mears, but if vour land is^ heavy, hard orn BEGIN WITH AIh. HoWABD'o '' Al the above me:;t:oned trial the Howard Pl-'ugh more -work, with the same pnwfr of team, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iwentys and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, whih Howard Plough turned twenti/nine and one' half inch, the same power of team ! All acknowledge that How: Ploughs are much the strongest and most substaul made. There has been quite an improvement made on the i or land side ol lliis Plough, which can be renewed wit having lo furnish a new lanilside: this shoe likewise sei the mould board and landside together, and strenglhen Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to $15. A Pk sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost e SIO 50, and with cutter 41, with wheel and cutter,! extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and reta the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed S Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Strf-et. by JOSEPH BRECK & C' GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CUTTER. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at Ihe New England Agi Uiral Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North kel Street, have lor sale. Green's Patent Straw, Hay Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not b applied to any implement lor this purpose. The mostp inent effects of this application, and some of the conseq peculiarities of ihe machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power reqi to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is suni to work it etiiciently. 2. With even ihis moderate power, it easily cuts two h els a minute, which is full twice as last as has been elai by any other machine even when worked by horse or si power. 3. The knives, owing lo the peculiar manner in which cut, require sharpening less often than those uf any < straw culler. 4. The machine is simple in its construction, made am (ogelher very strongly. It is therefore not so liable a: complicated machines m general use to get out ofordi LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for tes the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & C( NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEKKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to fran subscriptions and remittancts for newspapers, witj expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DE1H^ETT. PKlNTEKSi 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoeicolturai. WARBHooaB.). .XVH.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 13, 1844. [KO. 37. N. E. FARMER, GHTH AGRICULTURAL MEKTING AT THE STATE HOUSE. (Continued.) ubject — Fruit and Fruit Trees. Ir Dodge, of Essex, said he knew of no subject e interesting than fruit trees. It ia but about years since he entered upon their cultivation, 1)6 must say that he had derived much plea- : from the business. He tliought the culliva- of fruit opened a large fiold for our fanners, that all should be induced to enter it for the it and pleasure it would afford. It had been that the railroads were using up the farmers, he believed it was in part true, and for that ' reason it was necessary that they should enter n some new branch ot business. Nothing pre- .e<3 itself with so much promise as the cultiva- of good fruit. The market could not be glut- with it. He thought the fanners were greatly jbted to the (jentlemen connected with the is. Horticultural Society, for their zeal in inlro- ing so many valuable fruits from the old coun- 3, as well as for the great interest they have lifested in collecting our fine native varieties, in cultivating, testing and comparing them, had been engaged in raising a nursery ; had -ed apple pomace in the fall. This is objected by some, as the pomace contains malic acid, ich is prejudicial to the growth of the tree, but manuring with ashes, this difficulty is obviated, e trees will make a vigorous growth the first r, but will not be fit to bud until the second, ich stones may be planted in the spring, and Ided in September following. He considered nuch better to bud trees while they were young, n to craft when they were older. Budding is ch more simple than grafting, and the trees bear it equ.illy well, although he had been often ed whether this was the case. Budding is on same principle as grafting, excepting it is done h a single eye, instead of a number of eyes, and was an absurd idea to suppose there could be f difference. Buds should be fully ripe before erted and he never takes out the wood, as is nerally recommended. This is called the Amer- n syslem, and succeeds well in our climate. In sinn- the bark to insert the bud, great care juld be taken not to injure the inner bark : the srilion should be performed very delicately. In ng round the matting, every part of the slit )uld be covered, and bound so tight as to exclude air from the wound. To succeed well in hud- ig, it was necessary to pay attention to Jittle ngs. To learn the art of budding, a person had tter witness the operation, in preference to con- Iting books. Practice, not theory was wanted. He had raised fine Pear stocks three years since) ,m seed sown in the pomace in the fall: they me up well and made vigorous growth. In the 11 he was advised to lake them up and put them his cellar, as it was said the winter would de- ■oy them, but he let them stand, and Done died. His soil is a light sandy one, and not retentive of moisture, and therefore not inclined to heave. Mr D. thought trees taken iVom a nursery where they were much crowded and forced, would not do well. Trees thus unnaturally forced have a great flow of sap, which enlarges the eap vessels ; and when planted into a poorer soil, there is not sap enough to fill them : they consequently shrivel and the tree dies. In transplanting, it is impor- tant to preserve the small fibres or spongioles. The tree should be removed before the buds begin to start, and should not be set deep. Whether spring or fall is the best time, he knew not ; but had succeeded well in transplanting in the spring. He was opposed to staking trees. He thought the stones in an orchard had better remain there. He ftnew an orchard which was never broken up, and in very rocky ground, yet it was a very fruitful one. The question was often asked, whether the quality of the stock affected the fruit of the bud or graft. He thought it did not. There might be some difference in the quality of the same variety of fruit, owing to different soils and exposures ; but he said the sap from the stock did not go directly to the fruit, but ascended to the leaves which were from the bud or graft, and it was in the leaf the sap was elaborated into the juices that form fruit, and this gives its peculiar character. Mr Cole described the manner in which he raised trees from seed. There were some who thought it necessary to expose the seed to tlie ac- tion of frost, and therefore sowed it in the fall : but this was not correct. On sowing a lot of ap- ple seed in the fall, he saved a parcel of seed for experiment. He divided it into two equal parts. He wet one lot in the winter, put it into sand, and buried it in the cellar, where it was not exposed to frost. Next spring, planted it and the other lot dry in adjacent rows. Those that were kept moist grew ; the others did not. The next year, he obtained 23 quarts of apple seed after the ground was frozen. In the winter wet it and put It in sand, and set one-half out of doors to freeze ; the other half were put in the cellar and did not freeze. The next spring being wet and backward, the seeds all began to sprout about alike, and some of the sprouts were an inch in length before the ground was ready to plant them in. He had come to the conclusion that it was necessary to keep the seeds moist, but not to freeze them. In planting peach trees, bethought it necessary to get the stones from fruit rai.'ied among us, rather than from that which came from the South, as he imagined the trees would be hardier. He said the stones should be buried a foot below the surface in the fall, to keep them from mice ; in the spring, take them up and crack them, and plant as we should corn. Transplanting may be done in the spring or fall, if it be done well. The objection to fall transplanting arises from its being done too late. The proper time is from the 20th of Sept. to the lOlh of Oct. The earth then gets well settled round the roots, and the trees will grow well the next season. Mr Gardner, of Seekonk, said there were diffe- rent opinions — some recommended setting trees in the fall, others in the spring — some wore for plow. ing an orchard, and others to let it remain in grass. He had an orchard of 4 or ,5 acres, set out in the fall, and only two or three trees died. It flour- ished well without plowing, but in consequence of what he heard in the agricultural meetings last winter, in favor of plowing, he had plowed it, and if what had been said by some of the gentlemen this evening be correct, he had done wrong. He had another orchard of 4 or 5 acres, which had not been plowed for 15 or 20 years, and he got Irom it successive crops of grass and a large amount of excellent fruit. Some of his neight)or8 plow their orchards and let their swine run among their trees, but he thought they did not succeed so well. From the American Agriculturist. WORN-OUT LANDS. I find Massachusetts is full of worn-out land — largo farms, not a tittle of which are cultivated aa they ought to be. These frequently have large houses on them, many of which have cost more than the farms would sell for. The sons of their owners, instead of staying at home and educating themselves for cultivating these lands in an im- proved manner, in many instances emigrate south and west in quest of a fortune, which, after years of hard struggling and suffering they but seldom obtain ; or they turn merchants and soon fail, or take to a starving profession, already too full and overflowing; leaving their father, after draining every cent they can from him for a college educa- tion or an outfit, to carry on the farm as he best may in his old age. Thus situated, he cannot af- ford to hire laborers to assist him, and he has no heart to make improvements himself; he therefore goes on in the old routine, and makes what he can. I find such a course as this one of the greatest bars to improvement in my native State. Many of the farmers now are alarmed at the fa- cilities which the western railroad offers (or bring, ing western produce to Boston ; but I think these fears arc without cause, for they can turn their at- tention in Ma.ssachusetl8 to raising fruits, vegeta- bles, and such articles as can never be transported any great distance at a profit. Besides, the manu- facturing villages, since the revival of business, are affording good markets to every thing raised in their vicinity ; and by means of the railroads, the farmers can transport many things to Boston and other markets, and sell at a fair profit, which they could not do before; and then they make their pur- chases there, which saves lliem from 10 to 20 per cent. ; so that upon the whole, I think the railroads in a few years, from the facilities they offer, will even be found beneficial to the farmers. A Traveller. Young apple, peach, plum, apricot, pear, cherry, and indeed all kinds of trees and shrubs, whether fruit or ornamental, may be set out aa soon as the frost is out of the ground. 290 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, MARCH 13, 1844. NINTH AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE— March 5. Hon. Josiali Qiiinoy, jr. in the chair. Subject, " Fruit Trees," continued from last week. Mr Allen, of Pembroke, said he came to the last meeting with raised expectations, and he was not disappointed. Situated as lie wag in the interior of the country, his experience was limited on the subject. He considered the transplanting of trees a work re(|uiring much care. In taking them from the ground, it was important that the ro'its should not be wounded, and all the small fibres should be preserved. In planting, they should be set the same depth they were before removal. The prepa- ration of the soil for an orchard, was a work of great importance. The subsoil plow was no doubt an excellent instrument for this purpose, but at present it was not likely to come into general use. He should recommend that holes for the trees he dug G or 8 feet square, and from 2 to 3 feet deep, and filled up to within one foot of the surface with stones, tanners' waste, or some other sub.stance which would be a long time in dissolving. Fresh soil from the forest should then be procured to fill up the hole : there was something in this conge- nial for the growth of the tree, and nothing could be better. In regard to plowing orchards, there were various opinions ; but he thought Mr Gray's mode described at the lajt meeting, as etfectual as any : viz. to break up the ground around each tree to the distance of a number of feet. Budded and grafted trees were necessary for the early enjoy- ment of the fruit ; but they were short-lived, and the fruit not quite so perfect as from trees raised from seed. Ho would not discourage grafting, but would suggest to young farmers whether it would not be well to nurture and plant seedling orchards, so as to secure better fruit than that which is en- joyed by the present generation. One difficulty which he had experienced in rais- ing young trees, was, they ^inade wood too fast for the extension of the bark, which cracks and as- sumes an unhealthy and rough appearance. To prevent this, some take a knife and make a slit lon- gitudinally, but to him this appeared an unnatural and rash measure : if milder means coold be used, he should like to be informed, and should be glad to have the opinion of the meeting upon the subject. Mr Stone, of Beverly, remarked that erer since our great progenitor in the garden of Eden said, " the woman gave me and I did eat," the subject under discussion has been an interesting one. To him (Mr S.) there were two causes which made it peculiarly so— a natural appetite, in the first place ; and in the second place, on recovering from a fe- ver, a few years since, fruit had been recommend- ed to him by his physician, with [lermission to in- dulge in it freely, and he derived great benefit from its use. He always enjoys better health when there is abundance of fruit, than he does when it is scarce. It had been to him a matter of surjirise to wit- ness the indifterence manifested by many of the farmers in the interior of the Comtnonvvcalth, on the subject of fruit, while in other respects their farms were well managed. He asked an acquain- tance, somcwhal advanced in life, why ho did not plant more fruit trees .' The answer was, he had enough to answer his purposes, and the ynimg folks must do as he had done, and look out for themselves. Mr S. said he considered this to be a false principle — an immorality : il was a viola- tion of the golden rule : it was not " doing unto others as we would that they sliould do unto us." If our predecessors had transmitted enjoyments to us, we should do the same to those who are to come after us. Not ordy those who were engaged largely in fanning, were neglectful in this respect, but, what was more surprising, those who possess small lots of land, were loo prone to follow the ex- ample of the farmer. Every one who has a small plot, can plant a few trees, and in a short time he may eat the I'luit of his own labor. Mr Stone said he had derived great pleasure and benefit in filling up a small lot with trees — and in their cultivation and in watching their growth, his thoughts were often lifted up, and he was led to consider the Au- thor of all growth. In regard to the varieties of fruit most advisable to cultivate, farmers must be governed by circum- stances. The most important was the apple, and those residing at a distance from market, should cultivate the winter fruit ; while those living near, might find it more profitable to cultivate such fruit as was from time to time maturing through tlie season. In New England he thought the quality of the apple was as good as it was in any part of the country, although it might not grow to so large a size as it does at the West. He thought the pear might be cultivated with much profit, as it could be brought into bearing early — [when budded on the quince stock. — En.] He recommended the Pound pear as being very saleable, commanding a high price, and the tree rery hardy. He knows a tree of this kind from which the owner realized the interest on 150 to 200 dollars yearly, without trouble. He was inclined to think the Peach could be raised to profit in favorable aspects, where it was protected by buildings, &c., but not in orchards. A neighbor of his has a tree in his garden, no lar- ger than his wrist, which was trained to a trellis, from which he had realized $12 from what he sold in one year. As to Cherries, they were so well known that little need be said about them; he thought it was desirable that some means should be adopted by which they might be brought into market for a considerable time in their season. He thought tliere was no difficulty in retarding the ripening by extending an awning over the tree to keep them from the sun. He spoke of the difficulty of raising plums, on account of the depredations of the Curculio ; re- marked upon the habits of this insect, and of the mode of destroying by shaking them oflT in the morning upon sheets. He alluded to the dismal appearance of trees when eaten by the canker worm, and of the little success in destroying them by the usual applications. Ho thought there was a partial remedy, at least, for this affliction, if farmers would only combine together and prevent the destruction of birds. It was a well established fact that canker worms and other insects had in- creased in those districts where this murderous practice had been indulged in. It was an objec- tion made by some, that birds destroyed the cher- ries, and it was necessary to kill them ; but It would be belter to let Ihe birds have all the fruiji rather than to shoot them. liut this was not neceak saty: the birds would not take it all: farnier| should plant a few trees for their special use: h« had done so, and thought the pleasure derive* from the notes of the songsters, a fair equivaler for the fruit. (Concluded on editorial page.) For the N. E. Farmer. IMPORTANCE OF WARMING AND PUI VERIZING THE SOIL. Joseph Breck, £57.— Dear Sir — As seed time i, fast approaching, allow me, through the medium (, the New England Parmer, to call the attention (| our farmers and gardening friends, to the gre: importance of having the ground well prepared be fore any seed is sown, or plants, shrubs or tree, transplanted. The attention of all has so ably an| repeatedly been called of late, by writers in all th| agricultural papers, to the importance of manurin, well, I fhall pass that over, and proceed to what conceive to be the ne.xt important point — prepa; tion ; viz. 10 have the ground wtll, often, and dee.pl stirred,— not only to pulverize it, but to warm I believe for want of proper attention to this, man | failures occur in raising good crops of Indian corn, | Lima and Seba b'?ans, squashes and melons, sj well as various other vegetables and fruits, ft 1 which the season with us is quite short enough, t| the longest, to bring to maturity. Few at thi busy season, stop to think hnw important it is Ih ground should be well warmed before the seed i sown, or roots of plants, bushes, or fruit trees, ar put into it. I am not agoing to propose hot-beds, or coa fires under grounil to heat it, but simply to take ad vantage of nature's furnace, the sun. My groun is mostly low — all a clay loam, resting on a sub soil of stifle clay. To be sure, I have pretly thor oughly drained that part of it I cultivate as a gar den : still, being low, it is moist, and naturall late to vegetate in spring. I am able, in a grea measure, to overcome the natural lateness of ih soil, and bring forward my vegetables, mature m; melons, strawberries, raspberries, &c., nearly a early as my friends, in their gardens at Dorchestei Roxbury, and other places in the vicinity of Bostor although the season with them is at least a weel (we generally consider it ten days) earlier than a Salem and vicinity. My practice is to plow, spade, (or whatever othe method I use to stir the soil,) always wheti the sw shines clear ; and, if possible, from 11 A. M. to ' P. M. By this means, the surface earth, now wel warmed by the sun, is turned under, warming thi earth yet lower down, by coming in contact will it. I repeat this plowing or spading two or thref times, and in every case on warm, sunny days, ant find the seed planted a week or ten days later 01 land thus prepared, than on ground having had bu one plowing or spading, will mature their vegeta bles or fruits much earlier, and of superior size always allowing the same manuring and after atten tion to both. All seeds with dry husky coatings, beets, &c. (I soak peas, beans, corn, &,c.,) should have boiling "A compost of equal parts hen manure and unleachec' wood ashe«, applied in the quimtity of (say) lialf a pini to each hill of corn, on a moist day, immediately afteil hoeing, produces a wonder/ul eifecl. 1 oil. XSII.no. 37. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 291 tcr lurned on tliem, immediately adding cold wa- Irub this well on with a stick. If a sheep is very , until tlie hand can renmin in it withnut incon- bnd, and the foot festering or gangrenous, take the lience : let it sn;ik twnlve hmirs ; then put tlio ' yolk of two e^rga, mix with one or two oz. guru d in a basket to drain; hang the basket up ;' torpenline, and stir them till they mako a Bulve. it remain a week ; if not planted then, it will I I'ut on the salve afli>r you have applied the first necessary to turn it into another basket, that j prescription, and ti« it on with a rag or piece ot top seed, now getting dry, should be at the leather. toni. They may be kept this way some weeks hout injury, if the weather is cool : when they rill to sprout, they should be planted. ?or .'quashes, melons, Lima and Soba beans, &.C., sually prepare a compost the autumn previous, ,sisling of vault manure, sandy loam, or sand 11 the sea-shore, from beds of ditches, ponds, or ipiiigs (if roadside; to this I add old stable ma- e, wilh.iut stint: in spring, add pigeon dung I unleached wood ashes, sufficient of each to av- gca quart of the former and two quarts of the er to each hill. About the middle of May, I pare a hole four feet at least in diamfter and 18 hes to two feet deep; into this I put my com- t, on a hot, sunny day, mixing equal quantities he soil taken from the hole, if suitable, if not, I the necessary quantity of sand, or sandy loam, cin" on top about four inches of rich soil, to nt the seed in. The compost should be shov- !d over two or three times in a warm sun, be. 5 mixing in the hole. Six to eight feet apart melons and pole beans, and 10 to 1.5 feet for ashes, are suitable distances. A good number ieed.s should be planted in each hill, that the A», March II, 1844. Reported for the N. K. FarniRr. Market .540 Beef Cattle, 350 Sheep, and 2-'3 . CO Beef Cattle unsold. CEs. — tleef Cattle. — The prices obtained Inst "or a like quality were not sustained. We quote extra $i 75 a $5. First quality J5;4 25 a $4 50 ; quality $3 75 a $4 25 ; third quality $3 25 a $3 p._We quote sales from .$ 1 75 to $3 75. ,e. A lot to peddle 4 3 4 (or sows and 5 3-4 for s. At retail from 5 to 7. rHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, weekly. IDS. Herds Grass, $2 37A to 2 62 per bushel. Red Top j cents. Clover— Northern, OU to 12c.— Southern, 10 Klax Seed, S2 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Seed, S2 75 per bushel. .IN. The supplies during the week have been about •) the demand, and for good dry Corn prines have • improved. — Northern, new, bushel 00 to 00— Southern, round oM, OU a 00— Southern flat yellow, new, 60 n 00— white 46 n 48— do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Barley — Rye, Northern, 70 a 71— do. Southern, 00 a 00 — outhern, 30 a 32— Northern do. 33 to 34 — Beans, per I 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 30 a 33 -Bran, UR. The business done in Flour has been unusual- led for the season, and prices are less firmly suatain- parcel of 500 brls Genesee good common brands sold 0. imore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $0 00 a 5 12i— do. 30 00 a 5 00— do. free of garlic, JO 00 a 5 12^— fhila- 1 do. 4 mos. $4 94 a 5 00 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 5 00 a 0 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, OOOaO 00. "etown, «5 12 a 5 60— Richmond Canal, S3 00 a 0 00 illy, 3o 00 a 11 00 — Petersburgh, South side SO 00 a 0 00 Country S5 37 a 0 00— Genesee, common, cash, S5 12 a do fancy brands S5 37 a 0 00— Ohio, via Canal, 1 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash ii 00 a 5 50. Rye, I 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 87 a 3 00. (VISIONS. There have been ' some heavy opera- n Pork and Beef, during the past week, comprising •ious qualities, all taken at jirices within the quoted —Mess 4 MO. new bbl. $7 00 a7 50— Navj-- So 25 a No. 1, 86 00 .-i 0 on— do Prime S5 00 a 5 50— Pork- clear 4 mo. bbl. S12 50 a 13 00— do Clear SI 1 50 a 12 00 ess, 9 50 a 10 00 — do Prime S7 75 as 23— do Mess ithe'r Stales, — a do Prime do do So 00 a 0 00 rgo do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00— shipping, 12 a 14 — do store, uninspected, 6 a 10 — do 14 CIS. a 17— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6J a 7 —do and Western, 64 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 0 a 0 — rn and Western, 6^ a 7— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 raeal, — do new milk, 4i a5i. 01.. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- on shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 6 per cent, ad ill whereol the value exceeils 7 cts. per pound, 40 per val. and 3 cts. per pound. re has been no important change in the market since ;t review. A good demand continues for all descrip- snd prices are firm. le or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 40 a 48 c. — Amer- all blood, do 40 a 45— Do. 3-4 do 35 a 38— Do. l-2do 15-1-4 and common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, i, 20 a 23 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 16 — Bengasi do -Saxonj, clean, 00 — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — .picked, 10a 15— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 35 No. I do. do. do. 30 a 35— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30— do do do 18 a 20. PS. Duty 20 per cent. le sales have been made for shipping, and to consu- Bt 7 I -2c. per II). sort Mass. 1843, lb. 7 a 7 1-4 1 2d do 5 5i HAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed 8I0 to 12. EGGS. 15 a 18. POULTRY. Turkies per lb. from 9 to 12cts.— Geese common 7 to 9— Bremen 10 to 12— Chickens 0 to 10— Ducks 8 to 10. NONANTUAI HILL. -NURSERY OF WILLIAM KENRICK. iUlilwin and other Apple Trees of fine sizes, 10,000 Peach Trees, aUo of kinds nuperinr and ^ of sizes fine; Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Nec- tarine Trees of kinds new or most highly es- teemed. This imrsery, liy late extensions, now covers 30 acres of ground. A large green house is now being added. I'ranconia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Currants Gooseber- ries, Strawberries — of kinds most approved. The descrip- tive Catalogue for 1843 will be sent to all who apply. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, and Honeysuckles ; yel- low Harri'-on and other Roses; Tree and otbrr splended Ptsonies of difi'erent colors. Also, Myall's Victoria and other new kinds ol Rhubarb, double Dahlias, &c. &c. All orders addressed to the subscriber will be promptly attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be securely packed in mats and moss for safe transport to all distant places, ami delivered in the city by the wagou which goes hither daily, r.r shipped to order, or per railroad. Orders may be left with Joseph Breck & Co. 51 & .V2 North Mar- ket street, John G. Locke, Esq., or Eliphalel Wheeler, Esq , Framingham. WILLIAM KENRICK. March 6. eplMlS Nonaulum Hill, Newton. PINK PICOTEB PINK SBED. The subscribers have lor sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved Irom the varieties of double Pinks which were exhiliiled by them at the Horticultural Rooms, and for which they obtained premiums the last season. This is pro- bably the finest seed of American growth ever offered for sale. Price 23 cents per package. .Also extra fine English Picolee and Carnation seed at 12^ cents per package. JOSEPH BSECK &• CO. Boston, March 6. 1844. ^VANTKD. An experienced and thorough farmer, of strictly temper- ale habits, is wauled to do the work upon a small farm, easily cultivated, within 20 miles oi Boston. One without a fainily would be preferred. Satisfactory recommendations required. Application to be made to the editor of this paper, or ad- dress (postage paid,) P. B. at the office of the New Eng- land Farmer. Boston, March C, 1844. FARM WANTED. A Farm, worth from 3 to $6000 and within 30 miles of Boston, is wanted in exchange lor valuable Slocks, or part payment in cash. Apply at 45 Harrison Avenue, before March 7th, at 3 1-2 P. M. only. 2t Feb. 23. L.ONDON HORTICU1.TURAI, SOCIETY'S CATA- LOGUE OP FRUITS. The subscribers have recei ed a few dozen of these val- uable Catalogues. Those who have ordered them are re- quested to call before they are all taken. Feb. 23. JOS BRECK & CO. AVANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER, A young man who is well acquainted with the various branches of Gardenin", and who can procure s!"'i«''!i''i"'-i' testimonials, by applying at Mr McOLOUGH Boston. Address J. D. Feb. 28. GUANO ! GUANO ! Just received by the subscribers, a few bags of Guano. I'or sale in small quantities to suit purchas'^rs. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Feb. 28, 1843. WANTS EMPL,OYMENT. A steady man, a native of Scotland, perfect in the culture ofthe Vegetable, Fruit and Flower Garden,— the construc- ting of Grape Vinaries, upon an extensive and most appro- ved plan of durability- Iheculturc and management ot For- cing in all its various branches — and the propagation of Plants. A lady or gentleman wanting a man of the above capacity, will please leave a line at JOSEPH BRECK If GO'S. Seed Store, addressed to T. Y. Feb. 28. WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER. A young man who understands the Green House, Hot House, Forcing, Nursery, Flower and Kithen Gardening, in all ils various branches, and who has had several years ex- perience in one ot the best places in New England, wishes a situation in any private or public establishment. Can fur- nish the best reference, A line addressed to B. W. O. Roxbury, Mass., will com- mand immediate attention. Feb. 14. JOSEPU BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND ^«riculturnl Warehouse AND S?>ED STORE. 51 and 52 North i\Iarkel Street, Boston. JOSEPH HRECK & CO. having received a lull and gen- eral assortment ol FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEEDS, worthy of cultivation, confidently recommend them as being pure and of the first qualities, unmixed with other varieties; they have no hesitation in saying that their cohection of Seeds is the best, and of the greatest variety ever offered for sale al any eslablishincnl in the U. Stales, and would invite all to send in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply themselves with the chuiccsl va- rieties in good season lor the Spring planting. The following are a few of the most important kinds which they offer wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Charlton, do. Frame, do. \Varwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Woodford's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Uwarf, for borders, Knights' Dwarf, Dwarl Marrowfats, Tall do. BEANS. Lima. Saba, Horticultural Pole, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberrj Pole, White do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &e. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead, I.atc Sugar loaf. Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early Vork, Battersea, Va- iiack, Hope, Early Sugar-loat, with a complelc variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Tnrnip Beets, French Sugar Beets, Man- gel Wurtzel, Ruta Baaa, Long Orange, Early Horn and White Field Carrols, Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broc- colis of all sorts. Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- jorum, Sage. Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than twenty fine vaiieiies. They have jusl received per Ship Minerva, a fine and choice lot of new Floweh Seeds, which together with an assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever offered for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs. Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Green- house Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots, and all Nursery productions furnished at one day's notice, and when requested, can be packed in rnais and bo.xes, so as to be scut to Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms with Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with print- ed directions on each package for its mauagemeni and cul livalioii. GRASS SEEDS, Al wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Grass, a firsl rate article for Lawns. Clover Seed, Red and White, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl Meadow, Northern and Southern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet. Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., &c., oi the best quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz :— 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2ii0 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cullers, 50 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- table Cutters, 50 Common do. do., 200 Hand Coru Mifls, 200 Grain Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 15O0 Doz. Scyihe Stonee, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 150 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patent Snaiths, 200 do. Common do., 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3' Odo. Hay do. 300 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do, Truck do. 100 do Dralt do, 500 do. Tie up do, 50 doz. Halter do, looo yards Fence do, 23 Grind Stones on Rollers. TIE UP CHAINS!— Just received bv the "Oceanus" 300 Chains for tying up cattle. These chains, introduced by E. H. Derbv, Esq. of Salem, and Col. Jacques, for the purpose of securing caitle to the stall, are found to be the safest and most cimvenient mode of fasteningcows and oien to the stanchion. JOSEPH BRECK &. CO., N. E. -Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 } and 62 North Market Street, Boston. Feb. 21,1844. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers arc prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental ■Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable lime to transplant many Trees and _ Plants, and often times more convenient than ia spring. We have as great a variety of Apple*, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &e. as can be found in the country, and oiler them at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. 11, 1843. 296 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 9IAIiCH13, 184^ MISCELLANEOUS. A Sermon from the Lmves. — Next to the Bible, [ there is nothing that speaks more powerfully or | beautifully than the seasons. ! Spring breaks out with the laughing mirth find freshness of the young child. Nature assumes a roseate hue, and joy is written upon all God's -works. How cheerily we watch the budding leaves and the unfolding flower. This is like the dawn of life. Tlie young mind lives in the present glo- ry, and sees not the future. Summer comes. Nature is developed. The earth's carpet is spread ; the trees wave with their perfect foliage ; the flowers are in gorgeous bloom. Heaven has impressed upon creation the highest perfection. One can hardly realize the idea that these are perishable. So is it with the early noon of life. We see man in the pride of his greatness and strength, and woman in the surpassing glory of her beauty — but see 7io( the invisible mortality gnawing beneath. But »4i((i(m7i is here. And now the flowers have drooped and the "senr and yellow leaf" has fallen from the chilled tree. The cold blast has driven away the warm atmosphere, redolent with perfume Death is written upon Nature, and Winter's white shroud will be soon thrown over her corpse. So is it with life. The changing seasons teach us a mournful lesson ; and yet to him whose heart is right it is beautiful as mournful. The death of Nature is not an "everlasting sleep." Ere many months it shall cast off its fu- neral gear, and spring up from its grave, with new life, and bud and blossom as before. Nature never dies — it but rests from its labors. Thus it is with human existence. The great principle of vitality in Nature is equally applica- ble to the spiritual as to the animal economy. The intellect may throw its vision beyond the snows of life's dreary Winter, and see itself in the bloom of an eternal existence. We pity the man who es- teems himself as of less value in the estimation of Heaven than the mute tree or the soulless flower. — Pari. American. country, are someiimes so abundant that herds of cattle perish by their attacks. They are so tough that it is diflicult to bruise them. When I came out iif the wood, one was found on my neck, in the act of perforating the flesh with its proboscis, but had not time, so it was easily extracted. It was about the size of n large bug, with a grey mottled skin, which was so coriaceous and leathery, that no bruising would kill it. — Ifctlsk's Travels in Brazil. Horrid Insects Opposite the Venda was an open copse, covered with brushwood. Here I en- tered to collect insects, which abounded in it: but I was called back and warned of danger. I thought of serpents, and made a precipitate retreat; but I found the danger was from n smaller, though nearly as serious a cause. Among the insects of the country, is a kind of tick called carapatoo. This is exceedingly venomous: it has six hooked or •^arp claws, with which it readily clings to any assing object, and it is furnished with a proboscis of a singular structure. It consists of a pencil of bristles, serrated inwards, forming a terebro or piercer, with which it constantly penetrates the flesh of any animal to which it has adhered, and burrows its head in the wound. When entering, the bristles expand, forming a triangle, of which the base is inside, so that it opposes a resistance to extraction, which it is someiimes quite impossi- ble to overcome. If it is sufiered to remain, it gorges itself wiih blood, till it becomes bloated to an enormous size ; if it be extracted forcibly, so as to separate the head, it remains festering in the wound, and as it is exceedingly irritating and ac- rid in its quality, it causes violent inflammation, which degenerates into a foul and dangerous ulcer. These horrid insects, which are the plague of the Influenza. — The editor of the N. Y. Mercury says : — " We have had the influenza for a fortnight; and if the weather isn't more steady and regular in its habits, we may have it for a fortnight to come. Blow, O blow, ye fickle breezes, All among the ieaflf-ss lieeses ! Give us enuffles, gives us sneezes. Give us paing, and aciies, and wheezes ; Give us any thing you pleases — but don't give us the influenza ofteiier than four times in a year." '• Patrick," said an employer the other morning to one of the workmen, "you came late this morn- ing: the other men were at work an hour before you." "Shore, and I'll bo even with 'em to-night, then." " How, Patrick ?" " Why, faith, I '11 quit an hour before 'em all, shure." " Dick," inquired the maid, " have you been af- ter that salseratus ?" " No, 1 haint." " If you do n't go quick, I 'II tell your mistress." "Well, tell mistress as soon as you please ! I do n't know Sally Ratus, and wont go near her: — you know well enough I 'm engaged to Deb." — Sat. Cour. PATENT COKN SHELTER. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements llial ihe praclical farmer has in use. Various macliines fur I his purpose have heen invented. It can be used in all cases for large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its construction, and duratde in its operation, and no way lialile to get out of order; one man can work it 10 good advantage, thougli a man to turn, and a boy to feed it, works it much belter than one alone. They are so light and portable, us to t>e easily removed from place to place, and one machine will serve (or several families or even the in- habitants of a small town. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos 51 aud 52 Nortb Market Street JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov, 1. \V1L.L,IS'S LATEST I.MPROVED VEGETABLE CUTTER. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved Vegetable Gutter. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of Cutting Rula Baga, Mangel VVurtzel, and other roots. The great ohjection to other machines, is their cutting the roots into slices, which makes it almost impossible lor the cattle to get hold of them : this machine with a little alteration, cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most convenient for the cattle to eat it will cut with ease from one lo two bushels of roots per minute. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1 . DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 200 " Truck and leading Chains, 200 " Draft Chains, For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market St. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH Great improvemmts liave lieen made the past year form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould has been so formed as to lay the JnrrmD completely turning in erery particle nf grass or stubble, andieavii ground in the best possible manner. The length o mould hoard has hf ji very much increased, so thf Plough works with the greatest ease, l.oth with resp the holding and the team. The Committee at the lat. of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the PI we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and eas> to try Prouly & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard or BEGIN WITH Ma. Howard's.'' At the aliove meif.oned trial the Howard Ploug more vrork.trilh the same power of team, than any plough exhibited. No uther turned more than Iwenij and one half inches, lo the 112 Ihs, draught, whi Howard Plough turned twentmine and one half ine Ihe same poicer of learn .' All acknowledge that Hoi Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhslai made. There has been quite an improvement made on the or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed w having to furnish a new jandside: this shoe likewise i. the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthe Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Sl5. A P sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost 410 50, aud with cutler Jl, with wheel and cutter, extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and re' the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSKPH BRECK & ( HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK &C0., Harris' Treatise on Insects, Price 32. Also, the second edition of Dana's Muck Manual, price 62i eta- Feb. 16. GREEN'S PATENT STRAW Cl'TTES. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England A tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and r>2 Nnril ket Street, have lor sale. Green's Patent titraw, Hi Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle noi applied to any implement lor this purpose. The most inent effects of this application, and some ol the cont-, peculiarities of the luaclune are; 1 . So great a reduction of the quantum of power re to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sui 10 work it efficiently, 2. .With even this moderate power, it easily cutslwe els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has beeu cl by any other machine even when worked by horse or power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whit cut, require sharpening less often than those of any straw cutler. 4. The machine is simple in its construction, inade a together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable complicated machines in general use to gel out ofc LACTOMETERS— a simple instrument for t the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK «!t. i NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if nc within sixty days. N. B. — PoBtmasters are permitted by law to fra subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, w expense to subscribers. TDTTLE AUD DEWWETT. PKINTEKSi 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. ^ PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK &. CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aohiouitubal Wabbhoubb.) .xxn.j BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 20, 1844. [NO. 38. N. E. FARMER. PORT ON FARMS OFFERED FOR THE STATE SOCIETY'S PREMIUMS. he TnifUcs of the Massachusttts Society for Promnt- int; .tgriculture : 'he Committee appointed to award the premi- ofTered for the best cultivated farms, respoct- ! report, that they have carefully examined the ral sta'ernents mode by the respective claim- , and, allliough they have been aided in their beratioiis by the intelligent gentleman who had iifully inspected their farms, they nevertheless a found some difficulty in satisfying themselves \o their comparative meriti'. Most of the claims entitled tj respectful con.sidcration, — all exhibit mmcndable ambition to be esteemed good far- e — an honest ambition, surely, whose humble ry aims at no distinction except that which ■ngs from a desire to contribute most to tlie (k of human happiness, — a contest in which, rgh all may not win the prize, all may engage 1 profit to themselves and with more or less jfit to the community. n their distribution of the funds of the Massa- setls Society for Promoting Agriculture, tlie -stipes hope and believe that their efforts have tribulod in some liumble measure to the success he great cause whose interests they have labor- oo promote. They have at no time been insen- 18 of llie importance of the trust committed to r hands. On the success of the great cause of iculturi), the welfare and happiness of all, in Btcr or less degree, must depend. It is, in h, tlie powerful engine that puts in motion the )le mass of the body politic. Should this cease ict, all the elements of which society is com- sd, must not only come to a stand, but cease to It. The fostering patronage of a generous pub- should '-trerigthen the hands and encourage the rt of the cultivator of the soil — and the smiles n approving community cheer him on in his lable and laborious calling, — then will an in- igcnt, sober and industrious yeomanry continue le, as ihey ever have been, the right arm of our ,onal power and greatness, giving stability to form of our government and the freedom of its itutions. i'he numoer of applicants for the Society's premi- ! for ill" best cultivated farms, is 11; being a ;er number than have ever been presented in one son. f n some of the statements made of their re- ctive modes of culture, your committee find much omniend, but still there exists with all of them ic practices which they cannot approve. These If cninmillee feel bound to state; and they do ot without some hesitation, being aware that iiers under some circumstances may have good , sutlicient reasons for a certain course, which ers, without a knowledge of their circumstances, J bo led to condemn. There are, however, 18 practices among farmers whose claims for fercnco are bcscd only upon immemorial usage, but the bad tendency of which, modern practice has fully demonstrated. All those who have made claim for premium, without a single exception, use a part or the whole of their long manure from the stable in its green state. This is unquestionably bad economy, since it has been again and again demonstrated by careful and repeated experiments of our best practical farmers, that a load of com- post made of one part of stable, manure and two parts of peat or swamp mud, properly composed, give as great an increase of crop, and as great and durable improvement to the soil as a load of long manure used in its green und unfermented state. There is another advantage in composting manure ; it may be used nearer the surface, by which great- er benefit will be derived by the growing crop, without the risk of losing any of its enriching qual- ities. The practice also of manuring crops in the hill, particularly potatoes, with green manure, is bad husbandry. By this practice, especially in dry seasons, the crop is not only greatly diminished in quantity, but is much inferior in quality to that which is produced on land where the manure is spsead on and plowed in. Few persons seem to be aware of the distance to which potatoes extend their roots, and that if the manure be placed with- in three feet of the hills it will seldom fail of being reached. VVe have often witnessed the injurious effects of putting green manure into potato hills, and in some instances a much less crop has been produced than would have been yielded without any manure upon the ground. Your committee observe, also, the almost univer- sal practice of sowing grain with grass seed. More than twenty years' practice, and the opinion of our best farmers, have convinced us that this is bad economy. If the farmer must raise a crop of grain on land which he intends laying to grass, he will find his future crops of hay may much increased by sowing his grass seed in September, after taking off his grain crop and plowing in the stubble. The quantity of grass seed sown, is in some instances much too small. From two to three pecks of herds grass and a bushel of red-top seed should be al- lowed to the acre. The barns of some of the applicants for premi- um were found without cellars, and otherwise de- fective in construction, as it regards the warmth and comfort of the cattle. The good farmer will be as careful in preventing the cold winds from blowing through his cattle-stalls, as ho will in ex- cluding them from his bed-chamber. Much of the food taken by animals in a cold barn, is required to keep up the warmth of the body, which in a warm one goes to their nourishment and increase of weight. Warm barns are therefore not only more comfortable, but will operate as a saving of food. In some cases, the cattle were not provided with water in the barn-yards, and are therefore compelled in all weathers to go for water to some distant spring or brook, whereby much of their ma- nure is wasted, and the cattle exposed to suff'ering and injury. This is bad economy, and by every judicious farmer must be considered bad husband- ry, and with a very trifling expense may bo reme- died. Upon the farm of Mr Poor, near Newburyport, well known by the name of the " Indian Hill Farm," improvements have been made on a broad scale, and with liberal outlay. It has long been noted for its durable and well contrived structures, and for the systematic culture of its grounds. Mr Poor has planted a number of acres with forest trees, which have now become a source of income. Some of the oaks which have grown from acorns planted by the present owner, when but a la'd, are now more than six feet in circumference. Nume- rous acres of wet and unproductive meadows have been reclaimed upon the most approved method, and calculated to render them permanently produc- tive. His uplands in most respects are success, fully managed, and generally yield abundant crops ; and above all, his plan for saving and making ma- nure, is superior to any we have noticed, and is worthy of the attention of all farmers. Mr Poor says he finds deep plowing a remedy for the washing of the land on side-hills : this is a valuable suggestion, and adds another to the many advantages of deep plowing. It is found to be a serious objection to the cultivation of our side-hills, that the land is so liable to be washed away by sud- den and heavy showers. The remedy suggested appears reasonable, as the capacity for absorbing the water that falls upon the surface, is no doubt increased by deep plowing, and consequently there 13 less to run ofl^. Your committee are aware that it may be said by some that Mr Poor is one of those gentleman- farmers, that farm more for pleasure and show than for profit, and that, therefore, his example cannot be adopted as a guide for farmers of more limited means. Is this so ? The time, we trust, has gone by, when scientific, or what is more conimonly de- noted " book farming," and "gentleman farmer," were used as terms of reproach. The rich man who indulges his taste in beautifying and adorning the face of nature, and expends his thousands in making agricultural experiments, and in convert- ing his barren wastes into fruitful fields, clothed with the richest verdure, is, in the highest sense of the word, a public benefactor; and, as a rational source of amusement, he derives for himself infin- itely more pleasure than he could from the same amount expended in the costly establishments and rich equipages of a city life. It is to those who expend liberally, who cultivate their grounds more for pleasure than profit, that the country is indebt- ed for much of its beauty and richness of scenery for most of the valuable improvements that have been made in the science of agriculture. Hut for them, we should now be following in the old beat- en track that was pursued by our fathers centuries ago. The single suggestion of Mr Poor, that deep pIowinL' may be a remedy for washing oil' the soil on our side-hills, is of great valuf> to farmers, and not the less valuable because it comes from a gen- tleman who may derive less profit from his money and labor expended, than his neighbor of smaller 298 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MARCH ao, 18 means. If the latter cannot incur the expense of providing the means for eavinff all the materia s for making mannre which are adopted by the for- mer, he may derive much valuable informntion in the way of increasing his own manure heap. If he cannot, with Mr Poor, reclaim his twenty acres of swamp land in a year, he has the benefit of /earning the process by which he may, with a little enterprise and personal industry, reclaim his one acre. If his barn is not so large and expensive as Mr Poor's, he sees how his smaller one may be made, at a very little expense, quite as comfortable for his stock, and a greater degree of economy used in saving their manure. Taking all things into consideration, your com- mittee have concluded to awerd the first premium of $900 to Mr Poor. The farm of Mr Waller Bigelow, of Worcester, was found in fine order, and cultivated with much profit to the owner. The agent says : ''Mr Bige- low has distinguished himself in persevering la- bors, which have been followed by an accumula- tion of wealth. Few instances are to be found in our country, where so much has been acquired by simple inior ; and though Mr B. retains many an- cient habits in the culture of his soil, he has made a very promising begiiming in the renovation of low land." Your committee recommend that the second premium of $150 be awarded to Mr Bigelow. All which is respectfully submitted by the Com- mittee. E. PHINNEY, Chditmnn. LIME AS MANURE. Tbere are considerable portions of our coun- try where the application of lime for agricultural purposes has not yet been introduced. When it can be had at reasonable rates, we are satisfied it is in almost all cases a profitable application as a manure. The result of so many and well-weigh- ed careful experiments, would seem to have put its manifest utility beyond any question. In ad- verting to lime at this present moment, our main design is merely to suggest some of the most ob- vious occasions for its use. In almost all soils where lime does not naturally exist, either as pulverized rock, shells, or marl, its application is attended with decided advantage. It may be used at the rote of 50 tn l.'iO bushels per acre the first year, and from 20 to 30 bushels per acre every tliree to five years after, according to the circumstances of the land, the kimi of crops and rotation. We are aware that some will difler with us in reconuneiiding the use of so small a quantity ; they contending, that where oyster-shell or stone lime free from magnesia, is used, from 250 to 500 bushels may be safely put on the acre, and then the land will want no further application for ten to fifty years. The objection to such large quantities is, that the lime rapidly exhausts the organic matter in the soil, and it requires a great quantity of manure, and a long time of rest to re- store it. If the soil be a stiff clay, and full of in- ert vegetable matter, such na fibrous roots, unde- cayed vegetation, or peat, much larger quantities should be used than on lighter soils, and those more free of the above organic matter. Lime should be applied by dumping it in small heaps, and allowing it to slack to a fine powder by the air, or by throwing water upon it if convenient, and then as soon as this is accomplished, spread it broad-cast upon the land. Sea-water is much bet ter than fresh for slacking lime, as it adds to its fertilizing (|nalities. Some contend that thus slack- ed it will have double the efli"ect upon the land ; but we consider so great a difference as this a matter of doubt. The reason of allowing lime to slack before plowing it into the soil is, that it ab- sorbs from the air the carbonic acid which has been expelled by heat. It is an unnecessary waste to apply it as quicklime to the soil, and allow it to seize on the carbon it there finds. It is very greedy of carbonic ncid, and it will soon absorb from the atmosphere all that is required for its sat- uration. After being well slacked and spread, the lime should be well plowed in, not too deep, and as thoroughly incorporated with the soil by harrowing, as possible. The eifect it now has upon the soil is to decompose the vegetable matter, and render it at once food for plants. Lime is almost equally advanlTgeous to all crops, fruit trees, and whatever constitutes the object of the farmer's attention. Good crops may in numerous instances be grown without the use of lime ; but in almost all would they be greater or more enduring with the same quantity of manure. It gives increased efficacy and lastingness to the manure. On grass fields, lime may be scattered broadcast, and its beneficial influence is soon witnessed in the improved health and increased quantity of the grass. Fields thus dressed will resist drought much better than tlicy otherwise would, lime hav- ing a greater affinity for moisture, and drawing largely at all times from the atmosphere. Besides its effect on manures, lime produces a most beneficial influence on many soils. Some of these contain deleterious substances, such as vege- table acids, the salts of iron and manganese, &c. The lime, when brought into contact with these, at once combines with the acids, and converts what was positively injurious to vegetation, into what is positively beneficial to it. The same effect is produced in peat soils which are saturated with tannin and gallic acid. These it combines with, and not only renders them innocuous, but converts them into a substance highly favorable to veceta- tion. On sandy soils it is very useful, by render- ing them more compact, retaining the manures, and attracting moisture ; while on clay soils it par- tially breaks up their adhesiveness by insinuating its particles between the alumina, and there under- going various chemical combinations, it tends to make it more porous. — ^mer. ^Igricult. For the N. E. Fanner. SAMPLES OF CORN FROM LARGE CRO Gentlemen: — Please accept a sample of el raised by me the past season. I send three di rent kinds, all planted on the 27th, 26lh, and 2' of May. The Brown corn produced 80 bushels per ac the twelve-rowed corn produced 81 bu-hels 1 peck to the acre : the produce of the long-ea eight-rowed corn was 88 bushels and 28 quarts the acre. The Brown corn and the long-ea eight-rowed corn yielded 1 bushel and 4 quart: shelled corn to 2 bushels of ears : the twelve-ro' corn yielded I bushel and 8 quarts to 2 biisl of ears, and I think one-third larger growth stalks than either kind of the eight-rowed corn I wish to remark, that the corn 1 have sent is a fair sample of the corn in my crib, it hav been taken from there and not selected as s corn. I consider the Brown corn from C to 8 i) earlier than the long-eared eight-rowed corn, that from 8 to 10 days earlier than the twelve-ro' corn. The land for the different kinds of corn was der the same state of cultivation, it all having b raised in the same field. HORATIO SARGEANl Springfield, Mass., March, 1844. (tT^Mr Sargcanl's concise statement is ar teresling one. We are much obliged to hin: it, together with the samples of corn, which be kept for exhibition to the farmers. His r of corn per acre speak well for his husbandry, we should be gratified to receive from him a st ment of his manner of preparing the ground and mode of cultivating this crop. The New t land farmer who gets 80 bushels of corn fron acre, is fortunate indeed ; and if he can inst others how to prosper in like manner, it is a wo act in him to do so Ed. Agriculture was the first, and should ever be the most esteemed of all pursuits. How happy would it be for hundreds and thousands of our youno- men, if they could be persuaded that a few acres of ground are a better capital than as many thou- sand dollars procured by writing their names at the bottom of a negotiable note; and what years of misery might be saved if men would believe that a dollar actually earned as by farmers and me- chanics, is worth a hundred in prospect to be gained in trade and speculation. — Sal. Coiir. Lucerne. — 'J'hose who are disposed to try this valuable grass, can do so as soon as the ground is relieved from the frost and dampness. It should be sown on a dry rich soil. From 10 to 20 quarts of seeds should be sown. It may be put in with spring barley and oris. It is frrqucntly cut four times in a season. 1 For the New England Fanner. INQUIRY. Mr Editor — I live near a large lanyard, wl 15 or 20 thousand hides are manufactured yet The hair is taken off by what is called the sw ing process. The hides are hung up in a h vault, kept as near as possible at an even temp lure, and thus brought so near the point of pu faction that the hair will work ofli'. Of course monia is generated within the vault in immi quantities, as any one may know who choose; poke his nose within it. Now I wish to kno there is any way to Jii- the salt, so as to be i for agricultural purposes .' I have supposed to cover the floor with plaster, or something lik might do it. But this will not be allowe about the thickness of a cent, and the slit, as far as it extends, somewhat thinner. The time for grafting depends much upon the gested, (exce;'t the black ml,) such as pruning the | season ; but the best is when the buds first begin roots, digging and plowing among the trees, ap- ^ to open. Scions will live set any time after the plying various substances to the roots, and also of girdling the limbs — but all to no purpose. I had a very thrifty young tree, that stood in a rich, deep, moist soil, which had produced five bushels at a bearin", before the blast struck it, of the most de- licious fruit. Four years next month, I took it up and removed it to a less productive soil, thinking that if it lived through the operation, it might be the means of restoring the fruit. The tree lived and has borne two years, and the fruit has been exactly like the other trees of the same kind. Two kinds only have been affected by the dis- ease, and those of our best fruit. These we call the red cheek and the Gardner pear — names per- haps that are local, as they have not appeared in the catalogues of your horticultural exhibitions. Every tree, old and young, and in whatever situa- tion, of the kinds above named, has suffered alike ; and every thing applied by the way of remedy, has had no effect in removing the canse. One tree I have not operated upon at all, and the fruit has exactly kept pace with the others. sap freely circulates, and till the apples are as large as musket balls. — Fari'iers' and Gardeners'' Mmanac. - , „„, : For Chapped Hands and Lips. — Wash two or three times a day with tincture of lobelia, as pre- pared by the Thomsonians. Honey mixed with water is also said to be good. For Croup. — Roast an onion, slice it, and press out the juice ; mix this with honey or brown su- gar, forming a syrup, and give a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes till your child is relieved. For Corns Keep them closely trimmed, wear loose boots, and you will never suffer much pain ; by perseverance in this course, you will, perhaps, outlive your corns. , To Get a Good Wife. — Choose a woman who has been inured to industry, and is not ashamed of it. Bo sure she has a good constitution, good temper, is not food of novels, and has not been accustomed to " dashing." Vou need inquire no further. — Ten- nesee Jlgricidl. 302 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited by Joseph Brcck< Boston, Wednesday, March £0, 1844. TENTH (AND LAST) AGRICULTURAI, MEET- ING AT THE STATE HOUSE— March 12. Hon. Josiah Qiiincy, jr. presided. The subject under discussion, " Pouliry." Mr Cole, of the Cultivator, opened tin? discussion with the following remarks, which we copy from his paper : *' He said the subject is of great importancej though some regard it as of Jitlla consequence, and never attend to poultry till it is before them on the table. Some fam- ilies in the interior supply themselves wliolly with feathers from their fowls : eggs are used to considerable extent in all families, and they are an important article of food ; and the meat of fowls is a considerable item. According to the returns at the last census, the value of poultry in the United Slates was $1'3,000,000. In four of the Now England Slates the value of poultry was more than that of swine. Fowls aro as important as Iiogs, and should receive more attention. Our Agricul- tural Societies should offer premiums for the best breeds. layers, eggs laroe ; ihcy aro good sitters and good nurses, and iheir flush i:f e.xcellent. For all the various purpos- es, they are supposed to bo the best breed in the coun- try. The Siberian or Russi.m fowl is very singular in appearance, having a beard like a Jew. They are high- ly esteemed as great layeis in Scotland. There are yet but few in this country. Among our common hens are some excellent kinds, and by selecting the best— pre- ferring the yellow legs, if we raise for the market— we can have a good breed. " He then introduced a number of subjects for con- sideralion. Farmers should have yards to confine hens in when they injure vegetation, and warm houses in winter. Corn, oats, rye, wheat, buckwheat, rice, mil- let, are good food, and they should have several kinds, and may be fed mostly on those that are the cheapest. In winter and when confined in summer, thc-y should have gravel, meat, old lime, mortar, chalk, pounded bones, bricks, oyster shells, charcoal, Ac, and thry should have green food, such as raw cabb.iges, potatoes, apples and turnips, woen they cannot get grass. MAKCH »0, 184 and the best management, showing the largest produc tion in proportion to expense. " He said that he would speak of hens : and first of the different breeds that are now in this country. The Bantams are very small, possessing no excellencies, but «re kept as a curiosity. The Frizzled fowl has no su- perior qualities, but as tije feathers run forward, they cannot go among grain, and on this account some far- mers keep them. The Game breed is common in our country. They are good layers, and very hardy, and their flesh is excellent, equal to any breed, but as they have black legs, they will not sell so well ; and as they are inclined to fight, tlie chickens often injure or de- stroy each other. The Guinea hen resembles the tur- key in its rambling propensity. It is restless and shy, laying abroad, and giving no indications of laying or sit- ting. But it is a good layer, the eggs are excellent, and the meat is very fine, tiiough dark colored. Tliey sell well in the New Yoik market, but they do not here. The Malays are the largest hens in this country. They are brown, mixed with yellow and red. Lay tolerably well, and the eggs of good size, but their flesh is tough and coarse. The Bucks Coun'y breed is very common in Pennsylvania, ami many are brought from that sec- tion to this market, some of which have weighed 17 lbs. a pair, when dressed, and have sold at a shilling a pound. Some capons of this breed have been recently sold here for $3 a pair, weighing 18 and 19 lbs. a pair. (Capon- izing improves fowls very much, both in quality and «ize. Every farmer knows that the ox is generally larger than the bull, and the beef better.) This is doubt- less a mixture of the Malay with some other breed They are not good layers, and their eggs are small for their size, and their flesh is coarse and not so good as other breeds : they are long in coming lo maturity. But from their large size, they sell well in the market. The iJoobies have been recommended highly, hut he found them very tender, and they lay a small egg for their gize. They are not inclined lo sit Some speak well of the Creole, others do not. The Poland, or Topknots, are of middling size — shining black, except a large tuft of while feathers on the crown of the head. They are a mild, peaceable fowl, bear confinement well, are great layers, and not Inclined lo sil. Their flesh is excellent, but they have black legs. The Dorkings are remarka- ble for having five toes. They are of good size, great Diseases. For colds affecting the head and throat, he found cayenne and other Thomsonian medicines best. Lice are destructive. Rats destroy young chick- ens and ducks. What is the best food for chickens .' Do hens lay best with or without a protector ? Some say if they have no male with them they will lay bet- ter and are not inclined to sit. He observed this in one case. How old are eggs when too old lo hatch ? How long may a hen be off and yet the eggs hatch ? Long, pointed eggs produce males, and round ones females." Mr Stone, of Beverly, said as no one else seemed ready to come up to the "scratch," he would make a few remarks. He made some general observations rela- tive to the subject ; said he had but little experience himself: he related what had been told him by those who had. He recommended lamp oil to cure the pip. ducking lo cure any inclination to sil— and advised not to give salt food. Mr Cook, of Berkshire, said the subject had attracted much attention since the taking of the census. He had consulted with some of the gentlemen that were en- g.aged in taking it, who thought that part of ii relative to poultry was done in rather a loose manner. He did not agree in all the statemenis made by the gentlemen who had preceded him. He tlioughl it did not make much difference with the hens, whether they had the company of ihe male or not. He found they were as much inclined to sit when not attended by the male as otherwise. As to the number of hens a farmer should keep, he should be governed by circumstances. A larger number may be kept where there is a great quan- tity ofgrain raised, than where there is but little. In western New York they keep 100 hens with as much economy in proportion to the number, as our common fanners here keep 10 or 15. From the remarks made by gentlemen this evening, it appeared that ihey were of opinion that from fowls which had their freedom, with proper feed, a greater return of eggs may be ex- pected. In addition to common food, fowls require something more stimulating— animal food of .some kind. He said there was no creature that parted with so much value in comparison with its cost as the hen. There was nothing belter or more stimulating to them than angle-worms, of which they were exceedingly fond. The President stated tlial there was a complaint that Col. Thayer, of Braiiilree, was too much inclined lo sit. This hint called up the Colonel, who staled that he had kept poultry of all sorts for 40 years. In regard lo hens, there was a great variety, some good and some bad. He has had some experience with the Dorking fowls, and thinl.s them a superior breed. They will lay continually through the season, beginning in Febru without a disposition to sit. With regard lo the n her that can be economically kept on a farm, depei upon circumstances: 100 would do as w.-ll as 10 \. proportionate range. Sail is injurious to them, jj of some kind is absolutely necessary : when fed on n alone they would die. Corn damaged by salt w; was bad for them, but that damaged by fresh water ■ not injure them, though not so good as that not daina. He finds hens lay bettei without the cock, but no d rence in their disposition to sit. It is nece..i8ary lo ; water. They do better to have a rarge than to be ( fined. He has an acre of ground fenced off for his p try, and they are admitted into his stable. They not like sheep, which, when kept in l.irge numbers, c; disease from each other ; as they have no disease! communicate ; but where there are many hens, I have not generally so good allention. He thinks 6 h as profitable as a cow. When eggs are cheap, they | be kept, by a method he had, until ihey would brin high price. A neighbor of his besan with a few h They are in high repute among epicures, and he thir they are the best bird in existence for eating, except I canvass-back duck. His geese are kept cheap. Th 'n a pasture and eat grass like a sheep. The Bi n geese are very large, but they hatch too early, a the goslings are apt to die from the cold. He was gl to see that more attention was paid to poultry. It w a business of profit. His bens lay in v\'inler. He hat tight hen-house, so warm that water will not freeze the coldest weather, though the door is always open f them to go in and out. Ducks he thought unprofitable, unless they have tl advantage of a river or salt water. Mr Merriam, of Auburn, said he would like to inquH about the turkey, whether ihey can be made profitabi He said ihey were in the habit of wanderinj, and woul not do well when confined. He gave sour skim-milk i his young fowls. He said a neighbor of his had a sic hen and supposed she would die, but iliought he woul try an experiment, and gave her one of Brandreth'spill but without effect. He then gave another, which opi rated, and cured the hen. He had thought of puhlist ing in the papers this wonderful cure, for the benefit c the discoverer, but he had not done it. (Remainder in our next) go 1 me O-The communications of F. P. A., Levi Barilell Esq., B., and Josiah Lovelt, 2d, Esq. must be deforre until next week for want of room. We are undergrea obligations to these gentlemen for their favors, and hop to hear from them ofien. Jj»Thur3day, April 4ih, has been appointed by th. Governor and Council fur a day of Fasting and Prayed in the Commonwealth of iMassachusells. (Jj'We would direct attention to the adverlisement o Nitrjte of Soda on another page. XXII. NO. 3S. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 203 TIIKRMOMKTRtCAL. Kppurled lur the Nmv KnglanU Farmer. ;e jf the Tliei fuo meter ut the (! aide uoftUe proprietors ■Vew I'jtigl.uui Farmer, Brighton, Matta, in a shaded rly exp'jBure, to ihe week ending March 17. rch 1S44. 1 7A.M. 12, M. 5,1'. iM. Wiiirf. »y. 4 32 32 25 N. E. ay. S 8 18 23 N. W. ?sday, 6 20 37 37 N. VV. day, 7 IS 44 42 S. !, 6 31 50 4i S. ay> 9 ,15 G8 41 s. y, 10 31 3y 32 N. 'Yi II 30 47 43 N. av, 12 .i.'i •19 31 S. E. .»s(iav, I.-! 3-; 52 48 S. E. lav, II ■10 4^ 44 N. W. 15 29 32 3i E. ay, 16 32 3-. 34 E. y. 17 32 42 30 E. HTON MAKKKT.— MoNDAT, March 18, IS44. R«'Pnrted for I he N. K. Farmer. Klarket 490 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs Working Oxen, ihei'p, and 270 Swine. CO Beef Cattle unsold. ICES. — Beef Cattle. — We quote a few exlra $5. (uality $4 50 a $4 75 ; second quality $i a $4 50 ; quality $3 50 a 4. -king Oxen. — We notice a few sales, viz., $76, nd iW. ep.— Small lots from $1 75 to $3 62. ne. — Lots to [)eddle 5 for sows and G for barrows, .ail from 5 to 7. washed, 20 a 25— Do. unwashed, 10a 15 — Hengasi do' 0 al3— Saxony, clcaii, 00— Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a lU— no. do. picked, U) a 15— Sii|icrhnf Norilicrn pulled laudj 37 a 40— No. I do. do. do. 32 a 33 — IS'o. 2 do do do 25 a 30— No. 3 do do do 18 a 20. HO['S. Duly 20 per cent. Sales are limited to small parcels, ami moslly to consu- mers. None have been received this week from the coun- try. Slock in market is moslly held for improved prices. 1st sort Mass. 1843, Ih. 7^ a 8 ; 2d do 6 a CJ. HAY', 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern ScrevuedSlO to 12. EGGS, 12 a 10. SCIONS FOR GRAFTIiVG. Those who wish to obtain Scions for grafting, are remind- ed that tliis month is the tmie to cut grafts. It is important that orders should he S'-nt during the month to ensure exe- cutioi^ as it is impossible to keep a lull a>sortmoiil on hand. We have a supply of the lollowing, cut from bearing trees, viz: Apples — Raldwin, Greening, Roxbury Russet, Porter, Hnhbardston. Nonsuch, and other varieties. /•ears.- Hartleti, Seckle, Jargonelle, and other varieties can be cut if ordered. Also, Plum and Cherry Scions. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston. March 20, 1844. tVHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected u-ith ^reat care, weekly. ■,D.S. Herds Grass, $2 37^ to 2 62 per bushel. Red Top •5 cents, (.'lover— Northern. On to 12c. — Southern, 10 I 'lax Soed, J2 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ySeed,S2 7o per bushel. AIN. There has been no arrivals this week of any ,ance — and the prevalence of a strong easterly wind feral days past, has imparled to the market a tempo- .ruiness. n — Northern, new, hushel 52 to 53— Southern, round f old, 00 a 00 — Soirtheru flat yellow, new, 50 a 51 — )'. while 00 a 48 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Barley I) —Rye, Nnrlhern, 70 a 71— do. Southern, 00 a 00 — Southern, 3J a 32 — Morthern do. 34 to 35 — Reans, per I 1 OJ a I 02.- Shorts,perdouble bush. 30 a 35 — Bran, 3. DUR. The market continue in the same dull and in- state as noticed m the last report, until towards the when holders gave way. Itimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S4 87 a 5 00— do. , S4 7o a 5 37— do. free of garlic, $4 87 a 5 00 — Phila- la do. 4 mos. $4 "3 a 4 oT — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 64 67 a 5 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00. ■rgelown, So 00 a 5 50— Richmond Canal, S5 00 a 0 00 City, SO 00 a 1100— Pelersburgh, South side SO 00 a 0 00 Country 84 87 a 5 37— Genesee, common, cash, S5 12 a • do fancy brands S5 37 a 0 00 — Ohio^ via Canal, a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S5 Oil a' 5 37. Rye, a 0 00— Indian Meal in bids. S2 87 a 3 00. DVISIONS. The transactions of the week have not 0 any gre.tt extent. Prices realized for good qualities m to present quotations. f_Me8S 4 I JO. new bbl. S7 00 a 7 50— Navy— S6 25 a -No. 1, S6 00 a 0 00— do Prime $5 00 a 5 50— Pork — clear 4 mo. bid. S12 50 a 13 00— do Clear 811 50 a 12 00 ■less, 9 50 a 10 00— do Prime S7 50 a 8 00— do Mess other States. — a do Prime ilo do SO 00 .a 0 00 >rgci do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do Soo 00 a 00 00 — ■ shipping, 12 a 14 — do store, uninspected, 6 a 10— do 'l4 els. a 17— Lard, No. I, Boston ins. 6J a 7 —do and Western, Bj a 7 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 8 — ern and Wesiern, 6J a 7— Cheese, Ship'g and i meal, —do new milk, 44 a 5^. '01. . Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- lon shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 percent, ad All whereol'the value exceeds 7 els. per pound, 40 per . val. and 3 cts. per pound. !S to a moderate extent have been made during the at ]irices which fully sustain our quoted rates. ne or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 48 a 50 c. — Amer- uU blood, do 43 a 45— Do. 3-4 do 37 a 40— Do. l-2do 35 -1-4 and common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, FINE bone: MANl'RE. The subscribers have on hand, Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Hone Manure, mixed with the marrow ol the bone. It was produced from a manufactory when the bone was saw- ed in a wet state. It must be a very valuable article. Also, Fitly Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry slate, princi- pally saw dust, and the refuse of a manufactory. March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NITRATE OF SOOA FOR AGR1CCL.TURAI. PURPOSES. BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named article, which has been much approved of in England, and as far as used in this country has been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, 1341. Sm NONANTUM Hit,!,. NCRSF.RT OF WILLIAM KENRICK. Baldwin and other Apple Trees of fine sizes, 10,000 Peach Trees, also of kinds superior and of sizes line; Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Nec- tarine Trees of kinds new or most highly es- teemed. This nursery, by late extensions, now covers 30 acres of ground. A large green house is now being added. Franconia Raspberries, Grape Vines. Currants Gooseber- rfes, Strawberries- ol kinds most approved. The descrip- tive Catalogue for I843 will be sent to all who apply. Ornamental Trees and Shrnb.= , and Honeysuckles ; yel- low Harrison and other Roses; Tree and other splended Pceonies of diflerent cidors. Also, Myall's Victoria and other new kinds of Rhubarb, double Dahlias, &c. &c. All orders addressed to ihe subscriber will be promptly attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be securely packed in tnuls and moss for safe transport to all tlislani places, and delivered in the city by the wagon which goes hilher daily, or shipped to order, or per railroad. Orders may be led with Jose|)h Breck & Co. 61 &. 52 North Mar- ket street, John G. Locke, Esq., or Eliphalet Wheeler, Esq, Framingham. WILLIAM KENRICK. March 6. cptMlS Nonantum Hill, Newton. PINE PICOTEK FINK SEED. The subscribers have lor sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved Irom the varieties of double Pinks which were exhibited by them al the Horlicultural Rooms, and for which they obtained premiums the last season. This is pro bably llie finest seed of American growth ever offered foi sale. Price 25 cenls per package. Also exlra fine English Picotee and Carnation seed at I2J cents per package. JOSEPH BliECK it CO. Boston, March f,. 1641. ^VANTISD. An experienced and thorough farmer, of strictly temper ale haluls, is wauled to do the work upon a small (arm, easily cultivated, within 20 miles ot Boston. One without a lamily would be preferred. Satisfactory recommendations required. Application to be made to the editor of this ])aper, or ad dress (postage paid,) F. B. at the office of the New Eng- land Farmer. Boston, March C, 1844 WANTS A SITUATION AS GARDENER, A young man who is "well acquainted with the various branches of Gardening, and who can procure satisfactory I testimonials, by applying al Mr McOLOUGH'S, Soulh Boston. Address J. U. *5w. Feb. 28. J O S E !• ir B U E C K &. CO NEW ENGLAND Agricultural (Curc/iouje ANO SiiED STORE. 51 and 52 North Market Slreel, Boilon. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. having received a lull and gen- eral assort mcnl of FIELD, GRASS, G A RDEN and FLOW- ER SEEDS, worthy of cultiv.ilion, confidently recommend ihem as being pure and of ihe first qualilics, unmixed with other varielics; ihcy have no hesitation in saying that their cofection of Seeds is the best, and of the greatest variety ever offered for sale at any establishmenl iii the U. Stales, and would invite all to send in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that Ihey may supply themselves with the choicest va- rieties in good season lor 'the Spring planting. The following are a few of the most important kinds which they oiler wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Charllon do. Frame, do. Warwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Woodlurd« Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Uwarl, for borders. Knights Dwarl, Dwarl Marrowfats, Tall do. BEANS. _, „ Lima. Saba, Horticultural Pule, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberry Pole, While do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &e. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead, Late Sugar-loaf, Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early York, Ballersea, Va- nack, Hope, Early Sugar-loaf, with a coniplele variety of other kinds. . „ „ „ Long Blood and Tnrnip Beets, French Sugar beets. Man- gel Wurlzel, Rula Baga, Long Orange, Early Horn ami White Field Carrots, Early and Lale Cauliflowers, Broc- colis of all sorts. Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- jorum, Sage. Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than twenty fine varieties. . , They have just received per Ship Minerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower Seeds, which logelber with an assorl- ment of over lour hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever offered for sale. „„,,„„ FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Greenhouse Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots, and all Nursery productions furnished at one day's notice, and when requested, can be packed in mats and boxes, so as to be sent to Europe or any part ol America. • u c. j r Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms with Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assorlment, neally put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with print- ed directions on each package for its managemeni and cul- livalion. „„_ GRASS SEEDS, Al wholesale and retail, al the lowest market prices. Also Kentucky Blue Giass, a first rate article for Lawns. Clover Seed, Re.1 and While, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl Meadow, Norlhern and Southern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet, Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., &c., ot the best quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on ''''agricultural and GARDEN IMPLEMEltTS of all kinds, among which are the lollowing, viz :— 1000 Howard's Palenl Cast Iron Ploughs, 2i0 Common do. do, 2U0 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cullers, 50 Willis' do. do 100 Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowe.-s, 60 do. Vege- table Cullers, 50 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Gram Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Stones, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Palenl Snailhs, 200 do. Common do,, 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3i'0 do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 flo. Truck do. 100 do. Draft do, 600 do. Tie up do, 50 doz. Halter do, lOUO yards Fence do, 25 Grind Slones on Rollers. TIE UP CHAINS!— Just received by the "Oceanus" 300 Chains for tying up cattle. These chains, introduced by E. H. Dehbv, Esq. of Salem, and Col. Jacoi-es, lor the purpose of securing cattle to ihe stall, are found to be the salest and most amveuient mode of faslenmgcows and oxen to the stanchion. ,, _.„ JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 > and 62 North Market Street, Boston. ^ Feb. 21, 1844. FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every descriplinn of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable tune to transplant many Trees and Plants, anil often limes more convenient than in spring. We have aa great a variety of Apple.--, Pears, Cher- ries, I*lum.s, Peaches, Uuinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and oll'cr them al the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. II, 1843. 304 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. MARCH 20, IS4*.| MISCELLANEOUS Pure Water the Bed Drink. — There is no axiom of health more just than that "men never have a true appetite till they can eat with relish any ordi- nary food." It is told of John Bailes, who lived I to the age of V28, that his food for the most part consisted of brown bread and cheese, and his drink water and milk. He had survived the whole town of Northampton (Eng.) three or four limes over, ■with a fern exceptions, and said strong drink (in- cludiii;; tea and coffee,) killed them all, though this assertion is rather too general. Water mani- festly IS the natural beverage of all animals: whole nations, as the Mahometans and Hindoos, use it alone os a beverage. Unlike other drink, it does not stale the appetite, but the contrary ; indeed, it was observed by Hippocrates, about two thousand years ago, that water drinkers have generally keen appetites. Water is a fluid that requires no di- gestion, for it is not necessary that it should under- go any changes : it is the natural menstruum, that hoWs in solution both what is essential for the nu- trition and healthy functions of the body, and what has become refuse, after having served its destined office in the animal economy. Water, therefore, from its congenial qualities, can never much dis- turb the system, except it be taken immoderately, when the body is over-heated. It is told of Lord Heathfield, so well known for his hardy habits of military discipline and watchfulness, that "his food was vegetables, and his drink water, never in- dulging himself in animal food or wine ;" and Sir John Sinclair, in his work on longevity, says, in the account of Mary Campbell, then aged 105, that she preferred pure water to any other drink. — Se- lected. Resemblances. — Some philosophical observer has remarked, that every animal, when dressed in hu- ma/i apparel, resembles mankind very strikingly in features. Put a frock, bonnet and spectacles on a pig, and it looks like an old woman of eighty. A hull dressed in an overcoat, would resemble a law- yer. Tie a few ribbons round a cat, put a fan in its paw, and a boarding school miss is represented. A cockerel in uniform is a general to the life. A hedgehog looks like a miser. Dress a monkey in a frock coat, cut off" his tail, trim his whiskers, and you have a city dandy. Dunkeys resemble a good many people. Collecting a Bill. — A gentleman from New York who had been tarrying in Boston for the purpose of collecting some money due him in that city, was about returning home, when he found that one bill of 8100 had been overlooked. His landlord, who knc'V the debtor, thought it a doubtful case ; but added, that if it was collectable at all, a tall Yankee, then dunnino- a person in another part of the room, would annoy it out of the man. Call- ing him up, therefore, he introduced him to the creditor, who showed him the account. "Wall, 'squire, 'taint much use trying, I guess. I know that critter. You might as well try to squeeze ilo out o' Bunker Hill monument, as to try to collect a debt out o' him. But any how, what '11 you give, sposin' [, do try ?" "Well, sir, the bill is $100. I'll give you — yea, I'll give you half, if you collect it." " Agreed," replied the collector: "there's no harm in trying, any how." Some time after, the creditor happened to be in Boston, and in walking up Tremont street, encoun- tered his enterprising friend. " Look here !" said he : " I had consider'ble luck with that bill o' your'n. You see I stuck to him like pitch to a pine plank, but for the first week or two It was n't no use, not a bit. He was always short, or else he was n't at home ; and I could n't get no sort of satisfaction. By and by, says I, after going sixteen times, 1 '11 fix ye : so 1 sot down on his door step, and set all day and part of the evening, and began agin early next morning, and about ten o'clock he gin in. He paid me my half, and I gin him up the note .'" — Sat. Covr. Severe upon the Lawyers. — When Peter the Great was sojourning in England, for the purpose of making himself acquainted with its various crafts, in pursuance of his plan, he attended at Westminster Hall, during a trial conducted by some of the most eminent counsel of the day. At its conclusion he was asked what he thought of the system of English jurisp.iidence. " When I left Russia," he replied, '• there were three lawyers in St. Petersburg: as soon as I return, I'll hang two of them." "Sam," said a lady to a milk boy, "I guess from the looks of your milk, that your mother put dirty water in it." " No she did n't nuther — I seed her draw it clean out of the well, 'fore she put it in." The Currency — Mr William Banks, of Ohio, has married Mary Gould. The probable result of this union will be, an increase of Banks in Ohio. Never choose a woman for a wife who has thin lips and a sharp nose — except you want a scold. PATENT COIIN SHEL,L,KR. A Corn shellcr is one of the most convenient and lahor saving implements that the practical farmer has in use. Various machines for this purpose have been invented. Il can be used in all cases fi)r large or small sized ears. It is very simple in its conslruclion, and ilurable in its operation, and no way liable to get out of order; one man can work it to good advantage, though a man to turn, and a boy to feed it, works il much better than one alone. Tiiey are so light and portable, as to be easily removed from place to place, and one machine will serve for several families oi even the m- habitants of a small town. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 53 North Market Street. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. ■WiL.L,IS'S 1,ATEST I.tlPROVED VEGETABLE CUTTER. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse, No. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston, Willis's La- test Improved Vegetable Cutter. This macnine surpasses all Cillers for the purpose of Cutting Ruta Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots. The great objection to other machines, is their cutting the roots inio slices, which makes il almost impossitde ior the cattle to get hold of them : this machine with a little alleration, cuts them into large orsmall pieces, of such shape as is most convenieiu iur the cattle to eat. It will cut with ease from one to two bushels of roots per minute. JOsiEPH BRECK & CO. Nov. 1. DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS. 400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing. 2uo " Truck and leading Chains. 2IJ0 " Dralt Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., .\o. .52 North Market st. HARRIS' TREATISE ON INSECTS. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Harris' Treatise nn Insects. Price S2. Also, the second edition of Dana's .Muck Manual, price 62j cts. Feb. 15. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvemonls have been made the past year in form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould h has been so formed as to lay the furrow complriely • turning in erery particle of grass or stubble, and lenv'int ground in the best possible maimer. The length of mould hoard has ht n very much increa.scd, so that Plough works with the greatest ease, both wiih respec the holding and the team. The Cominiliee at the late of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Pit we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps si the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easv to v try Prouty & Mears, but if your landis heavy, hard orn BEGIN WITH Ma. HowAnn's.'' At the above mentioned trial the Howard Plough more uork, with the same peicer of team, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iweniys and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, wh'ih Howard Plough turned twenty-nine and onr^half inchi the same power of team .' All acknowledge that Howi Ploughs are much the strongest and most substant made. There has been quite an improvement made on tne s or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wit having to furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise see the mould board and landside together, and strengthen; Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to S|5. A Plo sufficieut for breaking up with four cattle, will cost a Slu 60, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutler, si extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and rela the New England Agricultural Wareliousc and Seed S Nos. 61 &, 32 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & C«;| GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CITTFR. JOSEPH BRECK cfc CO. at the New England Agr tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. SI and 52 North j ket Street, have lor sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not bi applied to any implement forlhis purpose. The m.ost p inent effects of Ihis application, and some of the conseq peculiarities of the machine are : 1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requ to use it, that the strength of a half grown hoy is sutfli to work it efficiently. 2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two b els aminule, which is full twice as fast as has been clai by any other machine even when worked by horse or si power. 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which cut, require sharpening less often ihaii those id' any straw cutter. 4. The machine is simple in its coiislruclion, made am together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable a' complicated machines m general use tu get out of ordi L.\CTOMETERS— a simple instrument for tes the quality of milk. For sale by J. CHECK & C( NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or §2 50 if not within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by taw to fran subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, w it expense to subscribers. TVTTLE AND DENNETT. FKINTEKS, ai School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PURLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicoiturai. Wabshoube.) BOSTON, WEDNRSDAY EVENING, MARCH 27, 1844. r\C>. 39. N . E. FARMER, For the New England Farmer. inquTries. Breck, — Dear Sir — Having about four very light sandy land, in a lot I have irchased, — two acres merely a sand bank, ilh a thin sandy soil in sward : all been :ow pasture for some forty years, and I that cultivated, and bore decent crops irley, &.c., — I propose turning it all over deep, then use the subsoil plow, sowing wheat on one to two acres, planting tjie rt to Indian corn, and part to white bush am very desirous of getting the opinion our chemical friends, say Mr Tesche- I the best and most economical mode of f. I have a beach at hand, can procure sand, at low water mark, on an e.xtcn- nck-weed from the rocks by the shore, ss, kelp, and other spring drift stutT. be much benefit to put a coat of either :r on the grass before turned over, or a e sand on after turning and mix well oil by harrowing, I do not intend to able manure on any part of it this spring. a little compost with a part of the corn, ware I have supplied myself with guano ; lisposed to procure any thing that you ninend, to soak a part or all of the seed II feel much much obliged if our friend ued, and any other of your chemical d yourself, will give me some directions jcecd in this case. As seed time is fast ■Iff, if possible, should like some remarks liject in your next week's paper. respectfully your ob't serv't, JOSIAH LOVETT.Sd. , March \l, 1842. e handed the above to Mr Teschemacher, ndcd the following remarks : 'eed, which contains phosphate'of lime, is )llow8 : put a layer of loam 8 inches n a deep layer 1 or 1 1-2 foot rock-weed, all thin layer of lime, then stable dung, ler layer of loam, and so on, until you rge heap: leave this one year to ferment, ; over previous to stirring on the land, would be excellent on the light sandy d by Mr L. Use it in hills, as I have di- id always just previous to rain. For mo IS also excellent, but observe, never manure with guano. of soda is also ex<;ellent for grass ; but I nw whether it produces fine nutritions know guano does, stated that Clapp's pulverizer is a good 0 stir in guano or nitrate of soda, or any liich is used in small quantities. niy sand is probably too much impregna- lalt for general cultivation, although it for some. Would not a piece of your 1 near the boachj do well for asparagus ? I have a notion that guano will make this grow very fine, and have engaged some growers of it to | make the experiment this year. J. E. T. For the New England Farmer. "UNRULY MILKERS." .1/r Breck — I agree with the writer of the piece under the above caption, copied into your last pa- per, in all his positions save this : ".4 heifer jiever kicks from prinripte." In this I do not concur. From my observation, I have been convinced — as I supposed all were — that anjong animals of all kinds, some were as nalurnlly vicious or bad tem- pered as we know some men are. I mean to say that they are born with a good deal of the bad — a preponderancy of it — in their composition, and have a strong inclination to show it, — and hence it is harder to extirpate this vicious principle than if it were acquired otherwise. I have seen — (who has not?) — colts that shew their disposition to bite or kick, very early, and retained it ever after. (Per- haps proper training would have lessened it.) Heif- ers, for aught I know to the contrary, may be pos- sessed by nature of a more gentle and amiable dis- position than colts ; but I believe that, nine cases in ten, they do "kick from principle," as much as the naturally dishonest man steals from principle. However, as the disciis:^on of this question can- not be productive of any great profit to your read- ers, it is not worth while to go farther into it. One thing relative to it I hold as certain : that is, wheth- er a heifer or other animal "kicks from principle" or otherwise, it is no way to break them of the practice by beating or kicking them in turn, — and I am inclined to think that, in the case of cows, the remedy suggested by the writer of the article above alluded to, will prove as effective as any. Gentle means are the best to correct bad habits in the young both of brute-kind and n.an-kind ; and the truth of this is getting to be more gener- ally admitted than it has been in time past. If animals still retain vicious propensities when old, I join with the writer alluded to, and say, do n't thrash them — "just keep philosophical, and try other means" — and if you an 't reform them " any how," then send them to — Brighton. It is unworthy of man — reasoning man — to wreak his vengeance upon an animal, in p. spirit of retali- ation ; and how silly — to use no harsher term — how silly must such an act appear to him, (if he has a sound head and a right heart,) when, after his pas- sion has passed, ho reflects that it was but a poor, helpless, thoughtless krute upon which he wreaked his manly vengeance ! D. Erperiment. — A Scotch paper says that the Rev. Mr Ramsay, of Arhro.'ith, commenced digging early potatoes on the 28tli June ; after removing the crop, he immediately rejilanted the stems : and al- though the first crop was considered good, the sec- ond from the stems, wna stiporior — more numerous, larger, and of a better quality. The experiment is worthy of further trial. For the N. E. Fiirmor. SHEEP AND LAMBS. Mr Editor — I noticed in the last Farmer, an ac- count of the manner in which Mr Joseph M irshall, of Ipswich, keeps his sheep, and have no doubt but that it is the best way to make the most of both sheep and lambs. Farmers here generally keep their bucks from the sheep in the tall, so as to bring the lambs in May. This is bad policy. It lakes very high keeping indeed to keep their flesh on, through a very cold winter; and so keen is their hankering for the ground, that nothing will make them contented when the ground is bare, if they are confined, and they lose in flesh. If turned out, it is just as bad ; they lose their appetite for food from the barn, and lose flesh the same. Per- haps sheep are weaker in April and May, than at any season of the year. My sheep began to lamb this year in January, and from that to the last of February, and niitwithstauding the exces,~ive cold, every lamb is alive, and now eat as much hay, ac- cording to their size, as the sheep. A very little attention will save every lamb, if the sheep are kept on Mr Marshall's plan, and their extra value for the butcher, is not the only advantage : they breed at a year old, which May lambs seldom do: they are perfectly hardy, and not like spring lambs, pinched and stunted by the next winter. Cold will never hurt sheep or lambs that come in the winter, if kept from storms and out of the force of cold winds. It seems Mr Marshall means " next year" to have " a second crop" of lambs in August. Pos- sibly he may do it in Massachusetts, but here it would be nothing but "book farming." I never knew but two or three instances of lambs coming in August, or the three following months, and never one where the sheep had raised a lamb in the spring. I hope he will let us know next fall how many lie has of the "second crop." Kennebec Co., Mt., March 8, 1844. B. CoKRECTioN. — The Farmers' Cabinet informs us that we were wrong in our inference that the fanner of quart-bottle churn celebrity, resided in Pennsylvania. We are glad that that State, re- nowned for thrifty husbandmen and good citizens, is not obnoxious to the reproach of having within her borders such farmers as the one described in the article we copied from the " Cabinet" a few weeks since. By the way, if our will could be gratified, the " Farmers' Cabinet" should be a monthly visitor at every farmhouse in the Key- stone State. No one of the agricultural periodi- cals of the country is so deserving the patronage of the farmers of that State, as the " C^ibinet." Though unlike some other agricultural journals we could name, it does uot claim to be the best in the coun- try, we esteem it none the less highly for this, and express our sincere opinion when we say, that, in the value of its contents it is second to none. We always open it with the expectation of findiiii: some- thing of interest, and are seldom disappointed — Ed. 306 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MARCH 2 TENTH (AND LAST) AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE STATE HOUSE. (Concluded ) Subject — " Poultry." Col. Tlinyer said he had omitted to spenk about the diseases r>t' the hen. He said the gapes was the worst disease arnonjj fowls: it ori^nnated from a small worm, al)out 1-4 of an inch loner, which gets into the windpipe, and works its way down into the che.^t, choking up the wind-pipe. He has made use of a feather moistened with one drop of spirits of turpentine, and then applied to the inside of the windpipe. Sumctimes it would effect a cure, but not always. If too mud; spirits of turpentine is used, it would destroy the fowl at once. In regard to turkeys, they are very tender while young. Tliey love to wander. If they can be kept on a farm where they can have a large range, they may be made profitable. He saw on Mr Webster's farm a hundred or more in one flock : they had a range upon an extensive marsh, and a chance to feed on grasshoppers, and were in fine condition and profitable, as they required no other feed than what they picked up, except in the fall. He thought the Dorking breed of fowls mure liable to the gapes than many other varieties. Mr Knowles, of Eastham, said that a townsman of his was of opinion that a bushel of corn when fed to hens, was worth $1 25 ; but owing to rail- roads, the price of eggs would be so diminislied as to make poultry keeping a poor business. Mr Gardner, of Seekonk, said the subject was of much interest to him. He found that hens did not do so well when confined. He formerly kept them in a yard, with a plenty of corn and water ; but they produced but few eggs. Since then he has increased his flock, and suffers them to run with his farm stock, and he has been very success- ful. They are benefited by ranging on a salt marsh. Turkeys, as has been remarked, are deli- cate, and difficult to raise. Last year he increased his slock, and had from 100 to l.iO young ones: he fed them on curd, and kept thp:ii shut up a few weeks, and they did well ; but after they were permitted to run at large and ramble in the grass in wet weather, they began to die, and but very few were saved. He wished to know of some good method to raise them. Mr Cook made some remarks about lurkies. They appeared to be very delicate at an early age, but much hardier when older. If young turkeys can pass through a (ew weeks of their first exis- tence : they would most likely do well ; but they require much care. Confinement was highly inju- rious to them — they seemed created to rove about. He spoke of the injurious effects of their being wet, which was apt to destroy them. They re- quire a great variety of food. If fed on meal alone, they would die. At an early age they show a wonderful dexterity, in catching insects, and when allowed their liberty would grow fat on flies, grasshoppers, &c. In season^ when they swarm, they devour myriads of insects, and they afforded a very stimulating food. Mr Cole said a friend in Uangor confined his hens, except for about an hour before sunset every day, and in the month of January h.id 1900 engs from 150 hciis. Mr Dndge, Senator from Essex, said one neces. sary expedifnt in making hens lay in winter was in feeding them with meat. It wiis iinmalerial whether it was c^jokcd or not ; but u .'hould be chopped up; in summer they could procure worms and other insects; it was not so important at that season to give meat to them Ho thought salt fond injurious. He considered it doubtful whether when salt was laying about the barn after salting hay, the hens would eat it ; though it was the commonly received opinion that they would. He said it was a prevailing opinion that boiled peas when given to lurkeys produced injurious effects, but he considered tins fanciful. A turkey would swallow a grasshopper whole and it must be strange if it cannot digest a pea without injury or incon- venience. He was not particular about keeping his hens warm, but let them take care of themselves, tho' he thought it desirable to have a good lien house. His hens in the hot weather of June, were ex- ceeding troubled with lice, and one third died off, a hen which had hatched out a brood of chickens, was found dead on her nest, literally destroyed by the lice. Col. Thayer said it was necessary to have a hen house tight and warm, if eggs were expected in the winter. Lice in hen houses might be destroyed by burning a pot of charcoal in the house, closing it tight: whitewashing was sometimes resorted to but was not always efficacious. The meeting was then adjourned to the first week in January next, when it is presumed the members of the Legislature, who may then repre- sent the State, will come prepared to make the meetings still more iustniclive than they have been the present session. This is the first season we have had the privilege of attending these dis- cussions— but from observations made by gentle- men who have been present a number of succes- sive years, we infer timt those of the past winter hove been of a more interesting character, than of any other season, i^luch practical information has been elicited from experienced gentlemen, while the patience of the assembly has sometimes been tried by long prosy speeches by those who had ap- parently but little practical acquaintance with the subject under discussion. We do not consider an agricultural meeting of this character a suitable place for display of oratory, or that it adds much to the honor or consequence of the speaker, who- ever he may be, (except in his own estimation,) to make a long harangue when he has nothing of consequence to say upon the subject. It is, how- ever, interesting to hear the experience related by those who have all their life-time been engaged in agriculture ; to be made acquainted with their suc- cess and their failures, their modes of operation, &c., ami to have a free interchange of views upon all the topics which are brought successively be- fore the meeting. The geiitlemeti who have composed the meetings are very much indebted to the Hon. Josiah Quin- cyi j'-, who has so ably presided at these meetings during the winter, having been ab.-ient only one evening, and that through necessity. When the discussions were animated, he was not disposed to lake part in them ; but if there appeared to be any thing like dullness approaching, he was sure to electrify the assembly by a flash of his wit, pro- ducing new life and vigor in the minds of all. Thi.i mode of spending one evening in the week during the session of the Legislature, commends Itself to all, especially to those interested in the great subject of agriculture, and we sincerely hope they will be rt'sumed another year, and sustained' in a manner vvhicli will prove beneficial to all who I shall take part in the discussions, as well thousands who read an account of them. MASS. SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING: CULTURE. Report oj the Committre on the Premium to i ed "for the best account, founded on ei of draining and reclaiming wet or meat There were this year four application premium. One of the applicants, who shows most advantages which he has himself deri draining and reclaiming his low lands, lected to give us such an account of his n would assist others in following his exai can consequently have no claim to a preii He appears to have fallen into an erro I common among the applicants for premi this Society, that a reward is offered to the skill and industry he has displayed ii^ ing his own property. But he, as well as other applicants for niium, have, in their increased crops, alreai a rich rewrird for the labor and expense of and reclaiming their wet lands, as most pears by their own accounts. Your committee considered that your ject in offering this premium was, to ind of those who had been most successful in and reclaiming wet lands, to give such ar of their operations as would enable mei your Society, and other farmers throng State, to follow their example profitably. We are happy to say that two such have been sent in to us. Mr Benj. Poore, of Newburyport, hai short but clear and distinct account of hi of draining lands. This same gentleman in his account of his farm, which is this y ed for premium, given somo further parti his success in draining. Mr Samuel Goodrich, of Stockbridge, I a more full and elaborate account of his n draining, sccompanied by a plan of a piei acres which he has drained. Both of these gentlemen understand th tage of covered drains, and the necessitj structing drains where the upland tcrmin the meadow begins, deep enough to cu springs which are fed from the land above Tho committee consider that proper att these two points is of essential importance ing. Mr Goodrich throws his lands into beds has drained it. This was very necessai old method of reclaiming wet lands, but mittee, judging from their own experience, this practice useless and even pernicious a has been drained in this thorough manner. The committee recommend that the prf fifty dollars be given to ftlr Samuel, Goo Stockbridge. And as they consider the subject of the importance to the agriculture of the St would likewise recommend that a gratuity dollars should be given to Mr Benj. Poore, buryport, for his account of his method of his lands for the last 20 years. Which report is respectful submitted. FRANCIS C. LOWEI fur the Comii Boston, Feb. 10, 1844. XII. NO. 39. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 307 Report on Root Crops. inimittee nppointcJ to report on iho pre- r root crops, hive received an application Harvey Dmlge, of Sutton, forlhe premium y your Society, for tlie best crop of ruta half tin acre. Tlie committee think that tied to it, and therefore recommend that ium of t<'n dollars be given to Mr Dodge, Rpsprctfullv, FRANCIS C. LOWELL, 1, Feb. JO, 1844. for the Committee. From the American Agriculturist. LTLTURE OF CRANBERRIES. S been frequently addressed by gentlemen katp, upon the subject of cultivatinj the ?, I beg leave through yonr paper to an- m, by replying tn the following queries of y correspondents, just received. ; the plants obtained from the berry .-' It inion they are not, as I have repeatedly experiment of endeavoring to grow them seed, and have known others to do the t without success. Tianure necessary in the rows or hill ? I link It was not, for our greatest yield of les in their wild state, is obtained from r lands. qat time in the spring or fall should the planted .' I had always followed plant- e spring, till the fall of 184'2. The vines that fill, yielded a few berries the suc- autumn of 1843, but not so abundantly ac- to their time, as those planted in the This, howi^ver, may be owing to the cold i^e had ; for the cranberry here, generally, short last year, le manner in which I commenced the cul- hem, and success up to this date ? In the f 1840, I planted half an acre with roots, in drills 18 inches apart, and 2 inches from ler in the drills. The following autumn, gathered 12 quarts of fine cranberries. The umn I gathered 28 boxes, measuring onc- ihel each box, of which 6 boxes were sent American Institute, and were awarded a . The fall of 1642, I gathered 81 boxes 3 half acre, and again was awarded a diplo- he American Institute for such as 1 showed. St two years have been very bad seasons cranberry, the crop having fell short of its ield greatly ; but not so much so as the 1 wild cranberry. I have set out plants ear smce 1840, taking the most thriving I nd, and have always had a good yield, he season was reasonably favoroble. one wishing to obtain roots, will please ad- le, stating the number of square rods they ia:ited, when I will give mv prices for the SULLIVAN BATES. ingham, Mass , Jan. 25, 1843. From the American Agriculturist. DRAINING SWAMP LANDS. A farmer upwards of 70 years of age, in this vi cini'y, having subscribed (or an agriculturul paper, and observing in it an article upon draining %vamp lands, immediately bethought him of what could be done with about siv acrrs near his own dwelling. It was a perfoct frog-pond, thinly covered with lamerack, spruce and alders. He dug a ditch round the whole of it, with an outlet at one corner, and the winter following, when the swamp was frozen, went on and cut down all the wood and brush, carried oft' tho wood, and heaped the limbs and brush for burning. The next siimiiicr, being a dry one, he burned off nearly everything com- bustible. The next year, what was previously swamp, became dry and compact enough to bear a heavy yoke of oxen. He then had an anchor made, with three sharp flukes or prongs, which would catch under the roots, and with this he dragged out nearly every stump nnd root on the six acres. These were heaped up into piles, and when dry, burned. He now marked the wet spots, and the winter following, sledded from a gravelly hill joining the swamp, sufficient dirt to make those spots dry and hard. The next year, he harrowed the land and sowed with timothy, clover, and red top, and, in- stead of an unsightly frog-pond, and rookery for blackbirds to harbor and destroy his corn, ho has a beautiful meadow, yielding three tons of hay to the acre. He has given it a light top-dressing of ma- nure to warm and sweeten it, and now wonders that generation after generation should have passed away without having made this simple improve- ment. J- THOMAS. ff'orcesler, Mass., Jan. 4, 1844. I previously filled with a composition formid of ash- es, salt, muck, puudretti", lime and charcoal-dust, in nearly equal (inanlities, except salt, a small por- tion of which only was used. The quarter of an acre produced I'JO bushels, and would, in my opin- ion, have yielded one-third more, liad ihe blossoms been cut off. ROB'T L. PELL. Ptlham, Ulster c«., Jan. C, 1844. From the same. ra for the Rtrkshires. — The Louisville Jour- les that Mr T. 15. Spillinan, of Carroll co., lently slaughtered 9 Berkshire hogs, full if one litter, 20 months old, weighing ."3,429 'hey were kept on common faro. MrAsahel lof Berkshire Co., Mass., slaughtered a Berk- log last January, 2 years and 8 months old, ssod weight of which was 708 1-2 lbs. The June last, he was estimated to weigh only The clear pork was 10 inches thick. CULTURE OF POTATOES, &c. At yoiir request, 1 send you a specimen of the Pink-eye Kidney potato, which is a fair sample of mv last year's crop, together with the mode of cul- ture. On the first of May, the ground, a sandy loam, on which turnips had been grown the previous year, was plowed very deep, harrowed, and fur- rowed three feet apart — the f'^rrows filled with I rotted manure, incorDo'--'gj „j^f, oyster-she'i iiine and chnrco*', j^st. The largest potatoes were then Selected for seed, cut into single sets of one eye each, and planted on the manure, eight inches ^Pirt, "".nd covered with the p!'S^'/.■ After this the fiCld was top-dressed wilhiime and charcoal dust, in equal quantities, at the rate of 200 bushels to the acre, and harrowed. The potatoes were hoed and plowed twice dur- ing the season. On the 12th of October they were dug, and although the furrows were too far apart, and the potato a shy bearer, the produce was 432 bushels per acre, free from decay or dis- ease. My object in liming was, to destroy any worm or insect that might be concea.led in the soil. Contiguous to the potatoes, I sowe J a quarter of an acre with ruta baga seed in dril Is. O" ""* crop I did not use lime or charcoal du >l : the con- sequence was the entire loss of Ihe crop, which was destroyed by worms. Adjoining, I so *ed a quar- ter of an acre with Oninge carrot eet'd, which were soaked in strong ley J8 hour?, and | own '" drills, HARROWING GRAIN. We have often found great benefit in harrowing winter grain in the spring of the year, as soon as the ground is well settled, and dry, more especially wheat somewhat winterkilled. It stirs tlie earth, encourages tillering, and adds to the vigor of the growth of the plant. The harrow should be fol- lowed by the roller, so as to replace the roots of the plants which may be laid bare by the harrow, and crowd them into the earth. It is hanlly nec- essary to add, that the harrow should be light, with short, fine teeth. Among the German population of this country, we have seen wooden-tooth har- rows frequently made use of fortius purpose. We believe that barley, oats, and all spring crops of grain may he harrowed to advantage, whenever the surface of the ground becomes some- what hard and encrusted, which all clay soils are liable to after a hard rain. Harrowing tlie hemp crop under such circumstances, we were informed ill Kentucky, has been found highly beneficial Amer. JigricuH. Cominunicated, Mr Editor — In Carey & Hart's edition of John- son's Farmers' Encyclopedia, edited by Emerson, page G49, column 1st, it is s stated that "Some re- cent experiments of Sausstire, go to prove that plants do assimilate hnmus, contrary to the views of Liebig, who regards it only as a medi.im by which nourishment is absorbed and subsequently given out." Now as this subject seems to be one of considerable practical agricultural and horticul- tural importance, if yon or some of your learned and valuable correspondrnts will furnish a copy of those experiments through the columns of the N. E. Farmer, you will very much gratify and oblige One ok your Co.nstant Readers. We should be glad to receive from any one, a Copy of the experiments above alluded to.— Ed. Communicated. Mr Editor— \ noticed in your report of one of the agricultural meetings at the State House, that ..Pickering's, or the conical brush," -'-^J^'°;^- mended as the best caterpillar destroyer that can be used. Now, sir, I would say that a common eorn-coh fastened to the end of a pole, is equal, if not better, than any " conical brush"-and as every farmer usually has cobs on hand, consequently thousands of dollars can be saved annually by the useofthecob.brush. ^- "*''^- Rock Bottom, Mass. If any farmer permits caterpillar nests to remain on his trees after this, he will deserve lo be cobbed _a species of flaggellation which, though not re- cognized by the dictionaries, had a s(r./f.ng s.gnifi- cancy amoog our playmates" long time ago. —Ld. In your spring purchases of animals he guided not so much by the cheapness as by the quality of the animal. The best are the cheapest. 308 NP:W ENGLAND FARMER, HI ARC II HT ARTIFICIAL GUANO. Tolhe Eililor oflhe New En^rlaml Fanner: Dear .SVr—I protnised you nn accdunt of eorne of the resciirrhes which have been made in my labo- ratory diiririj the last four years, concerning the chemical mture of guano and the best method of composinif artificially a manure of the same kind. I am happy now to redeem this promise, having succeedi'd not only in preparini^ an artificial guano equal in aoricultural value to that brought from the island-i of ihe Pacific ocean, but also in combining Bubstanccs with it which plants require, (as proved by analysis,) which do not exist in the natural guano. Thn value of any artificial manure depends upon its adilnig to the soil certain substances that plants require, which do not exist in it, or oc- cur in ton minute proportions to subserve the wants of vegetable economy — or some may act by decomposing certain inert compounds which exist in the soil, giving rise to useful combinations, or by extricating gaseous matters available to plants. Guano comes nearer to a universal compost than any other natural excremental manure, and is more concentraled than any kind of poudrette that has yet been made. It seems very remarkable, then, that there should exist so many contradictory statements respecting its agricultural value-^statements which only prove the want of science and skill on the part of those experimenters who have denounced it. So far as regards its application, we may say that it is especially adapted to those varieties of soil which are deficient in saline ingredients, and to those having inert or insoluble vegetable mat- ters. It is not required on rich mould, containing animal and vegetable manures, and where ground bones have been largely used — for those manures convey to the soil similar ingredients to those found in guano. Our liglit sandy iuams will, without doubt, be found to be the best soils for its successful application. It must be remembered that all concentrated manures require dilution, or must be largely mixed with soil, charcoal or peat, in order to prevent the too powerful action of the ammoniacal salts on the delicate rootlets of plants. This rule is applica- ble to all saline manures. Guano may also be ap- plied in solution in water, as has been done at the Conservatory, by our scientific friend, Mr Tesche- macher. In the large way, it may be thus sjirink- led on the soil by the watering engine. The first lot of guano which I received, was brought to Boston by Mr John H. Blake, the pres- ent superintendent of the Gas works. This sci- entific chemist had then just returned from an ex- tensive journey through South America, from whence he brought a variety cf useful substances, obtained in hii explorations. A sample of this guano was analyzed in my lab- oratory in 18.39, by Mr Moses B. Williams, then my pupil. His attention was particularly directed to' researches on the organic matters existing in it, which had been neglected by European chemislsi and those matters were found to be the usual in- gredients of the richest mould, viz ; crenic, ano- crenic, and huinic acids, combined mostly with am- monia, and algo a large proportion of that neutral compound called by Berzeliui, extract of huinus. These organic matters I regard as very impor- tant, and consider them as convertible food of plants, undergoing changes of composition the mc- iient they enter Ihe sap-vessels and cells of vege- tables, and forming by their reduction an important supply to their nourishing juices. It was evident on comparing the fertilizing ac- tion of natural and European artificial guano, that therg was wanting in the latter some important in- gredients, and it ocurred to me that it would be easy to form, artificially, the organic compounds, and to introduce them into an artificial guano, made up entirely of chemical salts. This I did forthwith, and submitted the artificial guano thus made to the test of actual trial, m manuring potted plants. The results of the experiment were de- cidedly satisfactory, and certainly established the fact that the artificial guano was equal to, if not better than the natural. I also gave samples of the artificial gnuno to several agricultural friends, requesting them to try it against the natural kind. Mr Teschemacher's results were unfortunately in- terfered with by the fire at the Conservatory, but he informs me that so far as the experiment went, the artificial guano furnished by me, proved to be of double the value of the natural guano. I have not heard from the other gentlemen vvho agreed to try It. According to the analysis of Voelckl, published in the Builelin Universetle de Gentve, Nov. 17th, 1841, natural guano consists of Urate of ammonia, .9. Oxalate of ammonia, 10.6 Oxalate of lime, 7.0 Phosphate of ammonia, 6.0 Phosphate of ammonia and magnesia, 2.6 Sulphate of potash, 5.5 Sulphate of soda, 3.8 Muriate of ammonia, 4.2 Phosphate of lime, 14,3 Clay and sand, 4.7 Undetermined organic mailer, (1-8 of which is soluble in water,) and water with traces of soluble salts of iron, 33.3* 100. The following is the compositior. of my artificial guano, with an estimate of the cost of each ingre- dient, as stated by my friend, Mr A. A. Hayes, a scientific and manufacturing chemist. The prices are estimated for crude products, as they can be made in large quantities : — Bone-ash, or ground bones,' Carbonate of amnionia, Phosphate of soda. Sulphate of magnesia. Muriate of ammonia, iiulphate of soda. Sulphate nrj;otash, Ni!r.ii,e ofiiida, Nitiate of potash, tlluinale cf potash, ^y, tApocrenate of ammopia, &c. 10 Oxide of manganese, Bng-iron ore in powder, Fine silex from peal bog, q. a Costper lb. Total. 15 lbs. Jet. 7ct3. 10 ' tjcts. GO ' 10 ' 4cts. 40 ' 0 ' Sets. 18 ' 5 ' 9cts. 45 ■ 3 ' let. 3 ' 5 ' 3cts. 15 ' 5 ' 4ct8. 20 ' 2 ' 6cte. 13 ' 20 ' Sets. 60 ' 4 CIS. 40 ' acts. 10 ' 2 • let. 2 ' 100 $:i 33 t.-*awdust anA polasli melted together In an iron pol JPeat steeped, in carljonate of amniQnia, strained and evaporated to pa-te. ' In my e.Kperimenta, the bones wore burnt until white, and then reduced to powder, and all the chem- ical substances were used in their pure slate. This "This nrgaiiic matter apfiears to liave been overlooked by Vaquelin, l.i„big, and other agricultural writers ; yet it is^eyidoiit that it forms an important part of the guano. is unnecessary in ordinary practice, but quired in scientific researches to establish ciple. Any chemist who inspects the tab above mixture will perceive how a seriesd decompositions will take place, resulting ii ination of the best formula for an artificial In some cases I have added sulphate of I sea salt (chloride of sodium) to the above and in such case sulphate of ammonia anc ales of lime and soda are produced. In the cultivation of potatoes, a much la portion of sulphate of magnesia may be ir with advantage. For clover, a very large of gypsum may be made, sither by mixin rectly with the yuano, or by spreading i soil, the latter being preferable, since it sorb the escaping ammonia. The apocrenate, crenate, and humate o nia made by the addition of carbonate of to swamp muck or peat, does not (in the la require to be dissolved and filtered. 1 sufficient to mix them in the state of a nio No ammonia can escape from its combina the peat or muck. The refuse bone-black of sugar refine be made into a paste with sulphuric acid i and then treated with a sufficiency of crut or soda to take up the phosphoric acid se the sulphuric acid. This mixture may hi added to the other ingredients of the gua ing out the phosphate of soda and sulphat' ash and gypsum, for these are now formed, The animal carbon will also be a subs the ammoniacal extract of peat, which omitted. Urine made jnto a paste with gypsum, may be substituted for the carboi muriate of ammonia. It is indifferent wh use nitrates of soda or potash. The comm saltpetre will answer perfectly well, wher be obtained cheaper than nitrate of soda mon bog manganese answers for the oxide ganese and bog iron. It will be easy for any one familiar wii istry, to make many varieties of the abov nations within the rules, but those who do derstand the science, will do well to fo formula strictly, if they wish to test the the manure. Natural guano, at the present time, is wi per ton in England, and so many ships engaged in its transportation from the g lands of the Pacific, that ive may look foriv time when the localities where it is now | will be exhausted, and the coast of Chili a will be reduced to comparative barrennes therefore important that we should end form an artificial manure, equal if not su| value to it. I am satisfied that we can, b ting on a large scale, make an artificial more valuable than guano, and susceptibl those variations which our different soils ar require. We cannot expect old farmers to leave I in the furrow and go to school to learn ch but we do think it of the utmost moment ll should see that their children who may h be called to improve the soil, should be n quainted with this science, which lays at I foundation of the successful cultivation of and the adaptation of manures to the variot' of useful plants. It is as absurd for the fi undervalue and neglect chemistry, as it w for the navigator to despise and neglect asl VOL. XXI', Ji<>. 39. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 30d The fitriiipr i.; a jfiiide to Ihe most successful culti- vation of the Hoil, wliile the lottor directs the riinri- ner across the deep with onerringr precision. Respeclfiilly, your ob't serv't, C. T. JACKSON. Boston. March 4, 1844. {Cr'Wod will ; that all the efforts which are making to extend the cause of human freedom, of virtue, and of tempe- rance, to disseminate amongst the wl...le family of man the peaceful doctrines of the Gospel of the Son of God, may mejf . the approbation and receive the favor of our falhe.- in Heaven. Let us invoke thi blessing of God upon the peo- ple of all the States of this great Uniim, and pray that He would give ihem a spirit of Christian Pa- triotism and Forbearance, and inspire their hearts with a respect and reverence for the Constitution made by their fathers, and under which they have so long prospered, and so direct their ways, that their best interests, honor, and happiness, may be permanently promoted by their continuing Fre& and United Stales. Given at the Council Chamber in Boston, this first, day of March, in the year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and fortyfour, and of the In dependence of the United States the sixty- eighth. GEORGE N. BRIGGS. By His Excellency the Governor, with the advicft and consent of the Council. John G. Palfret, Stcretary. God save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts .' Hints for Spring. — The earlier after the frost is out of the ground that you transplant vines, or put out your cutlings, the better ; for it is impor- tant that they start in their growth with the earli- est vegetating power of the earth in spring. Rose, snow-ball, lilac, and ail other bushes of the flowering tribe, should be set out early as pos- sible. As soon as the plants in your strawberry beds push through the earth, the beds should receive a. dressing. Clear out all the weeds, decayed leaves, and old runners: loosen the earth around the plants, and apply some rich mould abou'i them, digging it in so as to prevent a loss from evapora- tion or washing. — Selected, Astringent Mixture for Scours. — Suet cut fine and boiled in new milk, in the proportion of one quarter of a pound to a pint of milk. To this add boiled starch one pint ; alum, in powder, one drachm. Give as a drench. Good both for horses and cattle. — Practical Receipt Book. 310 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, niAIiCK 27, Ig44. AND HORTICULTURAL RRGISTER. Edited by Joseph Brcck. Boston, Wedneshat, March 27, 1844. ON THK RIGHT USE OF MANURES. Mr Editor — After nil the conflicling nplniniis abiiut the depth to which mnniires should be buried, if covered at all ; and after all the conflicling opinions about the time ic/ien manures should be buried, permit me to say that, according to my experience, (lie deptli to which manures are covered, ami tiie degree of rottenness which manures should attain before ihey are used, should be varied according to a number of different circumstan- ces, as — Isl, The difierence in the component pans of the ma- nures. 2d, The differeac in the kinds of soil and subsoil to which they are applied. 3d, The difference in the kinds of crops which it is designed should be benefiied by the manure; and ■ 4lh, The ditlerence in the time when it is designed that the manure should give forth its powers fur the benefit of the crop. First There is a very considerable difference in the component parts of manures. Some are vohitile, some are fixed. All volatile manures should either be cotn- postid, or else, ifil is practicable, they should be cover- ed as soon as tliey are spread, in order to prevent them from evaporating and flying into the atmosphere when used. But it the volHlite parts <>f the manure are corn- posted with peat, or other substances which are reten- tive of moisture ; or if, according to Ute views of Lie- big, the volatile parts are fixed by strong acids, or by the sulphate of lime, they will not then require so deep a covering as if they were not thus composted, or de- prived of ibeir volatility. Composted manures do not require to be plowed in as deep as those which are not compcsted. And where farmers cultivate damp soils and compost their stable and barn-yard mantires wiih peat or swamp mud, we are assured that ilipy sometimes succeed pretty well in the cultivation of grass, corn, wheat and rye, by leaving the composted manure on or near the surface of the soil. A^ain : manures which are not volatile, hut which arc disposed to sink in the soil, such as lime, ashes, marl, clay, sand, &c., should be left on or near the sur- face of the ground. And those manures which natu- rally collect moisture, may be left nearer the surface than others. Second. Manures should be differently applied on different kinds of soil and subsoil. Long manures plowed into a stiff soil, tend to loosen it, so as to admit more air and make it lighter. Manures should bo cov- ered deeper on a dry gravelly soil than they should on a damp one. On a soil which is decidedly wet, the sol- uble and volatile parts of the manure, would be likely to mix with the water, and to go off with it ; while on a very dry and gravelly soil, there would be iri',re danger of losing the volatile parts of the manure by rapid evap- oration, unless the volatile parts of the iitanure were fixed, or carefully covered. Volatile manures should be composted with peal or swamp mud before beinf ap- plied to dry gravelly soils. Third. Manures require to be buried deep or other- wise, according to the sliafie of the roots of the plants which it is designed should be benefitted by them. For those |dants which send down long tap rool.i, the ma- nure should be mixed with the soil, not only on iho sur- face, but to a considerable depth below il A number of years ago, I look an e.^hausled spot of ground, with a good, healihy, but exhaiisled subsoil, and after plowing it deep, J gave it a good dressing ol compost, which was left near the surface, and then I planted it wiih carrots. They came up and grew, and promised to make a very fine nop : ilio upper ends of the roots were large, but when taken from the ground, the roots proved lo be very much shorter than the same kind of carrots usually were, when they grew in places where the soil was more deeply manured. But where crops are to be cul- tivated which send out their roots horizontally, as rye, wheat, corn, &c , and do not send ihem deep, Ihe ma- nure will produce more speedy effects, if it lies on or near the surface. On a spot which 1 designed for corn, near my dwell- ing, I plowed in a liberal dressing of fish offal, and lest ihey sl.ould smell bad, 1 plowed Ihem in, with deep fur- rows ; then manured the ground with barn-yard and stable manure, and planted corn, and my crop was only about the rate of 40 bushels of corn lo the acre, which was nut more than I should have expected without the fish. The fish offal was too low to be fed upon much by the roots of the corn. The next year, however, I plowed the same spot over again, with other deep fur- rows ; this brought the remains of the fish again near the surface, and where 1 then planted corn, it yi.lded a luxuriant crop. In some places the corn yielded as much as 15 ears lo the hill. Fourih. i.,ong manures which are covered in the soil, decompose, and frequently give oui iheir slrength to pro- mote the growth of corn just at the time when the corn is making seed, and needs it most. In this case a little lid. couise, there was no expense for the cukivaiiL i after the second crop. In the six years which we mowed the grass, ihete was no expense but the expense of harvesl- And to have ground so much like the t-arden of en as lo bring forth rich crops spontaneously lor even the limited period of six successive years, vvilliont any other expense but harvesting, is not only a great advan- tage, but to us it was viry pleasing. Had all this ma- nure been lefi on the surface of the ground, v, e think it would have destroyed the first crops in the course, and and we tliink the manure would liave then evaporated so as not to have malerially benefiied the last of these crops. But to a tenant, who had a \e:,se for Imt one year. It would probably have been more advantageous to have left the manure nearer the surface, and to have spread It out m.ire extensively; yet even then wcthinkhe could not have realized any thing like the same amount of net profit by iis use. Now then it appears to me, Mr Editor, that ?r, long as the questions about long manure and short mnuure— the degree of rottenness which manures should altain before they are plowed in— and the depth to which liiey should be coveted — so long as these questions nre stated in gen- eral terms, without reference lo the ditferent kinds of manures which are used — without relerepco to the dif- ferent kinds of crops to be cultivated— and wiiliout refe- rence to the differences of situation, circumstances, and soil on which they are grown— the debaies on these subjects, (which have been going ever since I fiist be- came an agricultural reader,) may be uselessly contin- ued, and a large amount of ink may yet he shed in the ntroversy, without coming at all nearer to a settle- well rolled manure in the lull, to give the corn an early i ment of these mooted questions than at the commence- start, proves beneficial. But long and coarse manures do not suit parsnips, beets and carrots, and according to my experience, where parsnips, beets and carrots are planted among coarse manures, instead of their growing smoolh and handsome, their roots almost invariably gro« prongy, and the crop is never large. Beets, car- rots and parsnips require manure wliich is well rotted, and ready lo give immediate nourishment to these crops. Where volatile manures are used with a view of ma. terially benefiling crops which are to grow a number of years after the manures are applied, the manures should be worked in deep. A garden which has been well manured and well dug, so as to work the manure in deep, retains a portion of its fertility for a number of years after the application of manure is suspended -. while a soil manured with volatile manures, which are lefl on the surface, is soon exhausted. A number of years ago, I buried a dead cat in a mow- ing field, to the depth of perhaps 12 to 18 inches. The first year, no increased fertility was observed about the spot, but for several years alterwards, the grass grew with increased luxuriance over the grave of the cat. This encouraged me to make another experiment. I theiefore took an exhausted piece of land, which luid lain in corn hills and sweet ferns, and'wi'hout manure, for very many years. Into this wa then plowed white fish, with good deep furrows, at the rate of 35,000 to 30,000 to the acre, and then planted potatoes. The next year, we sowed it to oats and grass, and then mowed the ground for six successive seasons next following. During all these eight years the piops were improved, and during the first seven years they were very conside- rably improved by ihis one manuring. And these eight crops, after deducting .ill expenses f,r rent and for culti- valion, (except the expense of removing the stones from the ground,) gave a net profit at the rate of about $100 per acre. Tliis net gain was in consequence of applying the manure in such a manner as lo need but a small pro- portional expense for the after cultjvatien. for, in this ment; — for, unless my experience is fullacious, the de- gree of rottenness which manures should acquire before being used — and Ihe depth to which manures aie plowed in, may be varied, and ought to be varied, according lo the various kinds of manure which are used, the various situations and kinds of soil to which they are applied, ihe vaiious kinds of crops intended ti be benerited by Ihe manures, the length of time before ihe manures are required to give forth their whole strength, and the va- rious circumsiances of the culiivators. I remain, Mr Kditor, very respectfully yours, And the public's very humble serv't, ASA M. HOLT. East Haddam, Ct , March 15, 1844. Note bv the Editor. — When our correspondent says that his eiuht crops (on the piece of exhausted land ma- nurerl with fish,) six of which crops weia grass, yielded him a wet profit of about $100 per acre, "does he state what he intended to .' The amount naiiiMd as net profit per acre, (considering that six of the crops xvere grass alone,) seems to ns an over-estimate— unless in our cor- respimdent's vicinity, hay has a higher value or yields much more iibuiidantly ihan with us. We iliink lie miisi have erred (uniiiientioniilly) in the slalement of llie profit. Or do we misapprehend him .'—does he mean Ihat $100 was the total, not the yearly profit ! (D=In the report of the Fruit Committee, in our last number, the blank in the award for " the best gooseber- ries," should have been filled by the name of E. E. Bradahaw— and the premium for " the next best do. " should have been to Otis Johnson instead of J. F.Allen. [The printers " followed copy, " and arc, therefore, not culpable in this case. J flCfThe atticleof our valued correspondent at Warner, N. H, and the favor of "A Young Harvard Farmer," are necessarily deferred until next week— as also the continuation of Dana's Essay— and we withholil our own editorial to give place to the valuable cornmunicaliou of Mr Holt. vol.. XXII. NO. 39. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 211 TIIKIIMOMKTIIICAI,. llt.;i'>r(ed(or the New Kii^tund Karnier. ftin'eif clip rneimoiiieteriitllie(!arileiK)l ilie proprielori) of III! New En;;laiiil F.irmer, ISriijIiliin. Mass initahndcd Nort ieily(-X(i.isure.toiheweek eniliiig Miirrli 24. Miircli 1S«. |7A.iM. 12. .\I. 5,1'. M. Wind. MouHay, 18 36 41 40 • N. W. Tuesday, 19 19 27 29 N. W. Wednesday, 20 33 45 43 S Thursday. 21 33 33 34 N. E. Friduy, 2i 26 31 29 N. Saiurday, 23 22 33 30 N. Sunday, 24 2U 37 40 N, W. UlUlJHVON .MARKKT— MoNUAt, Manli 25, 1841. Keporlf il furlllf N. E. K.irtner. Al Market 270 Beef Cattle, 20 pairs Working Oxen, 200 Sheep, and 1200 Swine. I'nicEs.— Bee/ Cattlt. — Higher prices wore obtained and we advance our quotations, viz. cxlra $5,25 a $?i, 50. First quality §4,75 a $5,25; Becond quality $-1,2.") a $4,75 ; third quality $3.75 a 4,25. Working' Ozui —Sales, 70, 78, 80 and $90. SAeep.— From $2,75 to $4,00. Sicine. — Sales quick. Lots to peddle 5 for sows and 6 for barrows. At vctail G for sows and 7 for barrows. N. B. We noticed four extraordinary fine large and fal Cattle, fed by Col. Chapen, of Springfield, Mass., two of which were equal'y fat, and much superior in form and liuib to the famous Rochester piemium Cattle of J843. made to supply the dcmuiid at prices which support nur quotations. Prune or Sax'iny Fleeces, washed. lb. 4^ a 50 c. --Amer- ican full Mood lo .13 a 13-1)0 3-4 do 37 a 10 — Do. I -2 do 33 a 35- -14 and ciinimun do 28 a 32— Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Un. unwashed, 10 u 15 — r.eir,'iiM do 6 J l3--!*axonj . ciran 00 — Huenns Avres niipickeil, 7 a 10 — (to. (fo iiickeil, 10 a 15 — Sii|ier(itic Norihern pulled lamb 37 8 40— No. I (In. do. do. 32 a 35 — No. 2 do Oo do 25 a 3u— No. 3 do do do 18 a 20. HOPS. Duly 20 per cent. Nothiiy^ iloiu^ this week that requires nolice 73 a lOu bales arrived from the country, which remain uiulisposed of; 6 l-2c. per lb. offred by u dealer for a parcel, auU refu- sed j Plants , and. often ti.nes moie convenient than la spring. We have as great a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Pea che s^ (Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in i he country, and offer them at the lowe« prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct . n, 1843. FlNenrOTEE PINK SEED. The suh«c ribiirs hav. for sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved Ir jm ft -arieties of double Pinks which were exhilmed I ..y theni' al the Horticultural Rooms, and for which they ob tained premiums the last season. This is pro- bably the fin' 'St seed of American growth ever offered Suf sale. Pr ice 25 cents per package. Also extra fine Engii'sh Picotee and Carnation seed at 124 cents r, er package. „ , ,. , JOSEPH B.'?.fi.CK'& CO, Bosk ,n, JJarch 6, 1844. WILLIS' LATEST IMPROVED SEKS SOWER. In using this machine, the farmer may be c. itain that his seed is put into the ground, and at the same lime in the best possible manner. There li.is been a great difilculty in machines for sowing garden seeds; Ihey are very apt to clog up, and llie farmer iniglit go over atv acre of land and not sow a single seed ; but not so willj. this; it is so constructed that it cannot po.ssibly clog. Ill using this sower, the farmer ran save ono iialf of his seed, and do the work at less tlian one quarter the expense of tlie co.iiiiion way of sowing, and lia,to u done in a much better manner; it opens the furiow drops the seed covers it over and rolls them down.' It will sow any kind of (iarden Seeds ; say Ruta Bagii Mangel Wurlz. I, Turnips, Carrots, Beele, Parsnips, On- ions, 4-c. For siilo at the Neiv England Agricultiira Warehouse and S.'ed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 Non'i Wat- kel Btroet, by JOSEPH BKECK & CO. MUCK MANUAL. The Farmer's Muck Manual, by Dr. S. L. Dana— priv« 62 I -2 cents, for sale by JOS. BRECK & CO, Dec. II. 312 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. MAKcn ar, is44. MISCELLANEOUS ANCIENT COIN. We find in an old puper the following account of thp tirst money coined in New England : "One side of the coins bears the inscription, '• MASATHVSRTS *J N*" in a circle including R rei'iilar limb tree, mtended to represent a pine ; on liin other side, '^ NBW KNGLAND, A. N. D. O. enclosin;? " 1(J52," directly over "XII." They passed originally fur one shilling, and the "XII" was intended to represent its value in pence. Other pieces were coined at the same time with " VI." and '' III." (sixpence and threepence nn them.) This mint was established in Boston by order of the court in 1651. The coinage con- tinued thirty years, though all bore the same date of Km 1, w lien the first were struck. " No other colony," says Hutchinson, " ever presumed to coin metal into money." Those coins did not obtain currency excepting as bullion any where but in New England. The Court made a contract with John Hull " to coin money of the just alloy of the then new sterling Engli'^h money, and for all clurges which should attend melting, refining and coining, he was to be allowed to take fifteen pence out of every twenty shillings." This proved a very advantageous con- tract to Mr Hull, and enabled him to accumulate a large fortune. He was offered » large sum of money to give up the contract, but he refused. Mr. Hull was gramlson of Roheit Hull, who came from England to Boston in ItirB.i. He. died Sept. 'in, 1G81, having been distinguished in military life, held the office of treasurer of tha-Colony in lf!7r>, and an assistant from 1680 tor his dealh. " He was, (says Mather,) the son of a. poor woman, but dutiful to and tender of his motiver, which Mr Wilson, his mintfiter, observing, pronounced that God would bless him, and although he was then poor, yet he should raise a great estate." His on- ly child, Hannah, married Feb. 98, 1676, to Samuel Sewall, the first of three individuals of the n.ime, in successive generations, who have held the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. It wa» re- ported, that when this marriage took pUce, the bride was placed in one side of the scales, jnd her ^weight in these silver coins in the other, which was given her as her marriage portion. She is represented to have been a highly accomplished and beautiful woman, and large enough to balance down a very heavy fortune, — some say £30,000. The Emperor and Rabbi. — There is often found in some of the brief tales of the Hebrew, a more impressive truth, than volumes can convey. ' \'ou teach,' said the Emperor Trajan to Rabbi Joshua, 'that your God is every where, and boast that he resides among your nation. I should like lo see liini.' ' God's presence is indeed every where,' replied Joshua, ' hut cannot be seen ; no mortal eye can behold his glory.' The Emperor insisted. — 'Well,' said Joshua, 'suppose we first try lo look at one of his ambassadors?' The emperor consented. The Rabbi took him into the open air at noon day, and bid him look at the sun in its me- ridian splendor. ' I cinnot,' said the Emperor, the light dazzles me.' 'Thou art unable,' said Josh- ua, ' to endure the light of one of his creatures, and canst thou expect to behold the resplendent glory of the Creator ? Would not auch a sight de- stroy you .'' j KPIGRAM ON A UISER. At rest beneath this churchyard stone, Lies siingy Jemmy Wycit ; He died one morning just at ten, .\nd saved a dinner by it. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. GrPat improvements have heen made the past year in the form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the niituUI ht ard has been so formed as to tay the J'vrrme nomptelehj orcr. turning- in every particle of grass or stubble, and leating the ground in the beat possible ntanncr. The length of the mould hoard has bf n very murh increased, so that the Plough works wiih ihe greatest ease, holh with respect to the holding and the teaiTi. The Coinmillee at the lale trial of Ploughs at Woroester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Ploughs we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy lo woik, try Prouty & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard orrocl.y, BEGIN WITH Mb. Howard's.'' At the al.ove me:;t;oned trial the Howard Pl'!,. XVII, Na. to. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 817 y dist»pp''nred. Tlie next year, the first crop iqiially jjoml ; tlie second not so iar^o, tlioiigli • ili;in iniddliii;,'. In subsequent years iho ood rflocts bt;canie less and less obvious, but visible at least len years." le Proffssor says — " Another important char- is, that when fresh dug, this substance al- invariably jives out the odor of sitlphurelled iffji ; ihiit is, an odor considerably reseniblinj,' )f a i;un-barrol which has been (ired repeatedly giinpowdor. Very frequently, also, there is plants, tliat probably sprani; from seed.-) in the ma- imro; while upon llie other part of the fi''ld there were but very lew. But ns I intended to sow the whole field the following sfiring, pains were taken to hoe them up. After cutting up the corn with the sickle at harvest, there then was such an nbiin- dance of clover and honeysuckle, that I had the stubs of corn cut off with a scythe at the ground, and the land harr, I, 7.') lbs. 2, 73 ' 3, 74 ' 4, (not full} 19 lb. 13 oz. 'j-otal. 241 lbs. 13 the elomeiits, that furnish the peculiar food neces- sary to its growth. Sulphuretted hydrogen, or 6ome other compound of sulphur, undoubtedly was one of the efficient means of producing such luxu- riant crops of clover. From the facts above, I think any soils or mucks strongly impregnated with the odor of sulphuretted hydrogen, would be more valuable for composting with manure, than that not giving it out. Dr. Jackson, in his Geological Report of Rhode Island, gives an account of a remarkable spring of water, on the farm of Mr J. Harris, of Cranston : "The spring gives rise to a little rill running through the meadow. Along the banks of this rivulet, and around the spring, clover grows spon- taneously, and is very luxuriant, while it is want- ing in other parts of the field. It is yet doubtful whether this is owing to the minute quantity of sulphate of lime or to the presence of the crenates of lime and iron." " The above remarks are given I'or the purpose of stimulating other persons to continue the se- 1. muck, or pent, strongly impregnated with the . u .u .i r . ' , ' i . , u .. 1 u 1 „„ .„,, 'searches, in ordir to learn whether the facts are smellini; odor of sulphuretted hydrogen. And ' I some experience I have had while engaged igi;ing some hundred rods for ditches and un- iraining, 1 have but little doubt it may bo found nost farms, and from the fact of its being most ily favorable to the growth of clover, honey- ile, and roddtop grass, it would be a most v universal, and that the agricultural value of the substances in question may be tested by experi- ence." I have, Mr Editor, been induced to make these quotations and remarks, with the hope that it may stimulate farmers to study more into the means within their reach for the improvement le application for light dry land ; for the growth i they have lover to be plowed in, or to be fed off by ; of their farm and increasing their crops, and if thi: 'p, as frequently practiced in England, prepara- 1 article in any measure has that effect, I shall " fee to a wheat crop ; and it might be a better ma- 3 for clover than gypsum. I believe it may erally be found in wet grounds; where the i.s upon the higher lands contain sulphur and 1, in quantities that will cause them to oxydize ciumble to pieces. n the fall of 1641, wishing to enclose about ths of an acre of wet, springy land, which was Lly surrounded by hills, from which water oozed impregnated with the sulphuret of iron, I dug apen ditch upon the south side of it at the foot he hill, and an under-drain through the middle, on the north side : the covered drains were nt three feet deep. While digging the drains, soil emitted a strong odor, similar to that of a amply repaid for my labor.' LEVI BARTLETT. Warner, JV. H., March 8, 1844. For the New England Farmer. STOCKING CORN. Joseph jBrfcft— Dear Sir— Last fall, before the lime for cutting stalks had arrived, I reserved 12 rows of nearly a square acre of corn, to test the comparative utility of cutting (or topping) the corn, and stooking — or cutting up stalk and butt with the ear on. The rows were alternate ; thus — No. 1, the easternmost row, was topped ; No. 2, the second row, was stooked ; No. 3, topped ; No. I gun. After draining, it was dry enough to be l^gjij^l^pj. No. 5, topped ; No. fi, stooked — thus ' "'^ on to No. 12, inclusive. The stooked was bound with straw and carried out on the grass, when the rest of the field was topped. All was harvested at the same time. On November 2d, 1843, the corn was husked into baskets holding 1 1-2 bushel of ears, and weijrhed : wed, with two acres of dry land on the north e, wiiich was about four feet higher than the ir.ed part of the field. In the spring of 1842, it 3 manured upon the inverted sward, and pliinled h Corn. That on the drained part was much erior to the corn on the higher ground. Tlie ole was twice well hoed. Upon the wet part ire were myriads of clover and honeysuckle Balance in favor of stooked, by weight, 50 lbs. 3 Balance in favor of do. by measure, 3 pecks. On the 17th of January last past, both parcels were shelled. The six stooked rows yielded three and one half bushels of shelled corn. The six unstooked, yielded two bushels and three pecks of shelled corn. Difference in favor of stooked, 3 pecks of shelled corn. On weighing the shelled corn, the difforenco of the stooked and unstooked, was, in favor of the stooked, 47 lbs. G oz. On weighing the ears in Nov. last, Mr Wood. (one of my men,) my brother and myself, observed the stooked was not so dry ns the unstooked : con- sequently the stooked weighed most and lost more on tht cob than the unstooked : but the shrlled- stooked corn more than held its own on the last weighing. On using the stalks and butts of the stooked, which were cut up in four inch pieces, by Hovey's Spiral, both parts, or rather the whole, was found equally sweet and green. If it is added, that the rows of corn were 3 feet (i inches apart, and that the labor of harvesting the stooked, was, in every stage, less than by the usual mode, except in husking, you and your readers in general, and our old Harvard farmers in particular, will have all the elements necessary to make their own calculations, and may draw such conclusions as are warranted by the prc:mises, as well as (or better than) A You.\r, Harvabd Farmer. Harvard, Mass., March 19, 1844. ();J=This experiment appears to have been very fairly conducted, and shows (if any further proof were needed,) the better policy of cutting up corn in preference to t ipping. VVe hope our corres- pendent will undertake further experiments in oth- er matters the present season, and furnish us the results. We would name as interesting subjects, the comparative merits of planting corn in drills, in close order, and planting it, as most common, in hills far apart ; — also, planting potatoes in furrows, and covering them with the plow;— and soaking turnip seed (of all kinds) in tanners' oil, to prevent the depredations of the fly, so destructive to the young plants. If he has not convinced himself whether it is best to plant potatoes whole or cut, an experiment on this point would perhaps be desi- rable. We have taken the liberty to si ggest these subjects for experiment by our correspondent, be- cause they are interesting to us, and in the hope that, as he is a i/ni.ng- farmer, and as he has shown so much good judgment in the trial above detailed, he may be induced to attempt others of equal im- portance, and for the results of which we would be greatly obliged to him. — Ed. 318 NEW ENGLAND FARMER ARPILS, 1S«4, ANII HOBTICI'LTUKAL RKGISTER. Edited by Joseph Breck. Boston, Wednesday, Apkil 3, 1844. SPRING WORK— FKNCES. The farmer who did nut make every possible prepara- lion for his spring work (luring ihe ronipiirntively leis- nrc months outhern flat yellow, new, 55 a 56 — do. white 00 n 50— do New Orleans, Oo a 00 — Birley 00 —Rye, Northern, 72 a 73— do. Soulhern, 69 a 70 — , Southern, 3ii a 32— iVorlhern do. 34 to 35— Beans, per el 1 00 a 1 62. — Shorts, per do'uble hush. 35 a 40- Bran, 25. jOUR Since the last weekly report, there has been od deal done iu shipping qualities, and some large lots also passed from the hands of one dealer to another. altiin'jre, Howard Street, 4 nios. cr. SO 00 a 6 00— do rf, $0 00 a 4 37- do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 5 00 — Phila hia f'o. 4 mos. So 00 a 4 ^7 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 So Oj a 5 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00 iorqiinwn, S3 00 a 5 30— Richmond Canal, S5 00 a 0 00 . Cit; ,*OOOanOO — Petersburgb.South side SO 00 a 6 25 . CountryS4 87 a 5 00 — Genesee, common, cash, S5 12 a — do fancy brands $5 25 a 5 37 — Ohio^ via Canal J a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash $5 uo a's 25. Uye. > a 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 87 a 3 00. R0V13I0NS. There have been large sales of Pork f our last weekly report, comprising about 3000 hrls. for regular trade and for Eastern markets, and some par- Ifar shipping. !ef- Mess 4 i lo. new hbl.SG75a7 0n — Navy — $0 00 a — No. 1, t5 87 a 6 00— do Prime S5 00 a 5 50— Pork— ra clear 4 mo.bbl. S12 50 a 13 00— do Clear Si 1 00 a 12 00 Mess, 9 30 a 10 00— do Prime S7 50 a 9 00— do Mess 1 otiier Stales, — a do Prime do do So 00 n 0 00 pargodo. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do 800 oo a 00 00- er, sliipping, 15 a 18 — do store, uninspected, 10 a 12 — t\o iy, la cts. a 2ii— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. Gj a 7 —do |h and Western, 6J a 7 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 7t — hern and Western, 6i a 7— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, |li -do new milk, 4J a Sj. Cool. Duty. Thevatue whereof at the place of «- alion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent ad All wbereoi the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per id. val. and 3 cts per pound. Sales of fleece and pulled have been made during the week, to a con>iderable cxicnl, al full prices. There is a good dcmaiul for all descri|)lions, wiih but u limited supply. Prime or Saxoiiv Fleeces, washed, lb, 45 a 50 c. --Amer- ican full blood do 43 a -I',— r>o 3 4 do 37 a lO -Do. 1 2 do 33 a 35- -1-4 and common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 15 — Iteiigusi do 6 a 13 — Saxony, c lean, 00 — Buenos A vres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do picked, 10 a 13 — Superhne Nnrllieni pulled lamb 37 8 40— No. 1 do. do. do. 32 a 35— No. 2 do do do 23 a 30— No. 3 do do do 18 a 20. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. A sale of 80 bales this week for export, at 7 a 7 14c. per lb. I Isl sort Mass 1843, lb. 7 a 7J ; 2d do C a 00. ffAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed Slo to 12. EGGS. 12 a 14. WARREN'S GAKDEN AND Nl'RSERV, NONANTUM VALE, BKIGHTOK, FLORAL SALOON AND SEED STORE, No. 1 TREMOiXT TEMPLE, {late Trcmor.t Theatre) BOSTON. The proprietor of this establishment is now ready to receive a d execute orders lor Fruit ; Ornamental Trees: Grape Vines; Shrubbery; Roses; Slraw- ^S berry Plants, &c. in any quantity and of Ihe mosl valuable kinds at short nntice, properly packed and secured for transportation to any part of the United Slates or Pro- vinces. The catalogue for 1841 which has been prepared with scrupulous care, contain a list of the choicest sorts of Pearsj Apples ; Plums ; Cherries ; Peaches ; Apricots and Necta- rines ; Grape Vines ; Raspberries ; Gooseberries ; Straw- berries ; Currants ; Evergreen Trees and bhrubs ; Orna- mental Trees; Herbaceous Plants; Roses; Green House Plants ; Dahlias, 'Vc. A new feature has been added in the catalogue which renders it particular valuable for purchasers who are desi- rous of improving their orchards and grounds by plniiiing only the most apjiroved, superior and productive varieties. It is by columns ami abtireviations. the meaning of which is explained under every different kind of ftuit, so that a large number of the most important characters by which the dif fereni varieties are distinguished may be seen at a glance. While the list of fruits may not be found so extensive as in some other cntalognes, it contains every kind of value, and all new and improved varielies are added as soon as their qualiiies are tested. Nevertheless any variety that maybe ordered can always be supplied, on as reasonable terms a.'5 are afiiirded anv other nurseries. The list of />.4Hf./AScomprises upwards of 3' 0 of the choicest varieties of this gorf.'eous and sjilendid flower, most of them jirize varieties. Dry roots ready for delivery early in the spring, and in pots from the middle of April to the 1st June. STKAWBEURIES o{ the most productive and best varieties, for sale in any quantity. None but healthy and strong plants will be sutfered to leave the nursery. G/?j4f'/'.Sand SCIONS of most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtained in their season. GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, nfaW the rare and splen- did kinds, always on hand at the Saloon, where visitors are respectfully inviletl to call. GRAPE I'lNES; ASPARAGUS, and other roots constantly for sale. Also, a great variety of choice GARDEN zni FLOW- ER SEED.'^, all of tliis year's growth, and warranted fresh, genuine and true to their names. Agricultural, Horiicullural and Botanical Books. Gardening Implements: Flower Vases, &c. &c. The whole enumerated in a new descriptive Catalogue, which will be given gratis on applicaiion. All orders for trees will be delivered at one day's notice. Every tree aud plant will be warranted by the subscriber, as lo its distinctive character and goodness. Bnqoeis and cut flowers, can be obtained any day in the week at the saloon. Flowers furnished for decorauons. at ihort notice. April 3. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN. FRUIT AND ORNMENTAl, TREES, &.C. s. & G. Hyde's nurseiiy, newton. The subscribers have for sale a choice collection of Fruit Trees, comprising the best varieties of Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Pears, Plums, &c. Gooseberries, Currants, Raspberries, Grape Vines, and Quinces. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, Altheas, Poeoiiies, Bncklliorn,&c. All orders nddiessed to the subscribers will receive prompt attention. Trees packed to insure safety to distant places S. & G. HYDE. Newton, April 3, 1944. WINS, HP'S MUSBUY. BulGHTON NKAIl I O^TON, SUvaicd on the line of the Ooslon and ii'orcester Rail Road, 5 miles X'oin the city. The season lor Iriiiisplaiiting is al band, and all ihose who wish lo supply themselves wiih ehu'ce Fruit and oriuimental Trees, can be fur- nished al short notice wuh ihe liuest veiietiesbj ibe proprietors of this celebrated iiursf.v. Fruii 'frees, including all ibc varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, fitc 6ic. Cuiali'Siies may be obtained by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safely in lung voyages. Orders Isfi ut the New Englaml Seed Store of J. I'lreck &, Co Nos. 61 &62 North Market street, wilt be delivered the day following. Letters containing orders, addressed lo the subscribers, J. & F. WLNSHIP. March 27, 1844. CAMBRIDGEPORT Nl'KSERT. Columbia Street. SAMUEL POND, '^m NURSERYMAN, CAMBRIDGEPOtlT. MASS. Has for sale a choice assortmenl of frimt trees, «,' instrument of his will. ■Maid$lone (Eng.) Gaz. Sea-taeedas Manure. — I beg to inform your cor- spondent " M. T.," in reply to his inquiry in your DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES. Section Elkventh. Of .Irlificial Mire Beds. But there is a fashion in manures as well as in other things, and salipetrf is now so fashionable, that yon may be inclined to use it. Be it so. I will show you, reader, how to make it for yourself, and at the same time form a large pile of capital mould. But as you have began to inquire a little into the reason of things, let us go a little into the reasons why the earth under all barns where cattle are kept, why the plaster of old houses and cellar walls, always afford saltpetre. You well know that this is the case, and why ? We have already told you that the acid of saltpetre, that is, the aqua fortis, ia formed of the air we breathe. .Now alka- lies and porous bodies compel (he constituents of air, under certain circumstances, to unite and form aqua-fortis, and this immediately unites to the al- kali and forms saltpetre. The best alkali to com- pel this union is ammonia. Hence, where plenty of animal matter is fermenting, or rotting, or where plenty of urine is, there, porous bodies being pres- ent, saltpetre will be formed. Now this is enough for you to understand the principle upon which I propose to you to form an artificial nitre bed for your own use. U has been found that the manure of twentyfive cows, asses and mules, in layers of about four inches thick, with layers of the same thickness of chalky soil, first one and then the oth- er, and now and then damped with the urine of the stable, produces from 1000 to 1200 pounds of salt- petre in four years. The heap is formed under cover, and occasion- ally shovelled over. At the end of two years, it is a mass of rich mould. It is left two years longer, with an occasional turning over, but it is not wet with urine for the last few monihs. The dung the farmer has always ; he wants the porous chalky body. This may be furnished by spent ashes, mixed up with its bulk of loam. Hence the fol- lowing rule may be given: One cord of clear cow- dung, one cord of spent ashes, one cord of loam, or swamp muck. Mix the ashes and the swamp muck well, and having hard-rammed the barn cel- lar floor, or that under a shed, lay a bed upon it four inches thick of these mixed materials ; then a layer of dung, three or four inches thick, and so on, till the pile is two or three feet high, topping off with loam. Wet it occasionally with urine, keeping it always about as moist as garden mould. Shovel over once a fortnight for two years. The pile now contains about fiftv pounds of several va si Gazette, that I do not live near enough to the ricties of saltpetre, and mixed ■ throughout with a to avail myself of the weed as a manure, but I nearly three cords of excellent manure. It may ive conversed with farmers who are in the habit therefore be now used according to the farmers judgment. By thoughtful management, he may, after the first two years, annually collect as many fifty pounds as he employs cords of cow dung. But, however prepared, nitre affords, by its elements, nourishment to plants. All its parts act. Its al- kali acts, and its acid acts. (To bo conlinued.) using it, and their account is, that for a single ■op, it answers well, but that it seems to melt ivay in the earth. Nevertheless, the repeated use 'it must, in the end, materially affect the staple fthe soil ; for, besides a great multitude of ani- lalcules and small Crustacea always entangled in , a considerable quantity of inorganic substances lUst be thus accumulated, for it contains potash, ada, sulphur, lime and magnesia. The sea-weed I seldom carted before decomposition has begun, ecause the quantity of water which it contains fhen fresh, adds so much both to its weight and ulk ; and before that process begins it would be seless. — L. V. Harcourt, in the London Jgrkiilt. Hazt'.te. Ingratitude.— We all shudder at the imputation of ingratitude, as a vice including all others, yet how few of us are willing to employ a moment in even contemplating that benevolent Being who called us out of nothing, privileged us with exis- tence, and made us candidates for a glorious im- mortality ! MIDDLESEX CATTLE SHOW and Plowing Mulch at Concord, October '2, 1S44. The Middlesex Society of Husbandman and Manufacturers hereby offer the following premiums for the encouragement of Agriculture, Manufac- tures, and the cultivation of trees within the Coun- ty of Middlesex : Live Stock. For the best Fat Ox, at least expense, the next best, the best bull, not under 1 yr. old, or over 3, the next best, the best Bull Calf, no over ^'i nor under 3 months, the next best, the best yoke of Working Oxen, the next best, the next best, the next best, the next best, the best 3 year old Steers, the next best, the best 2 year old Steers, the next best, the best yearling Steers, the next best, the best Calf Steers, the next best, the best .Milch Cow, the next best, the next best, the next best, the best Milch Heifer, under 3 years old, the next best, the best S year old. Heifer, not having had a calf, the next best, the best yearling Heifer, the next best, the best Heifer Calf, not over 12, nor under 3 months, the next best, None of the above animals, except Calves, will be entitled to premiums, unless they have been owned in the County of Middlesex, at least six months previous to the time of exhibition. Milch cows and heifers will not be entitled to a premium unless the owner furnishes a certificate, showing the mode of keeping, and quantity of milk given or butter made. Domestic Manufactures. For the best piece of plain Cloth, not less than 15 yards, 3-4 yard wide, $4 the next best, -• For the best piece of Woollen Flannel, not less than 20 yards, 3-4 wide, the next best. For the best Ladies' long Hose, not less than 3 pair, the next best, For the best piece of Woollen Frocking, not less than 16 yards, 7-8 yard wide. For the best Cotton and Woollen Frocking, not less than (J yards, 7-8 wide, A written statement of the mode of preparing, and a minute and accurate account of the expense of manufacturing said articles, must be exhibited. (Remainder in our next.) $8 6 8 C 4 2 8 7 6 5 4 6 3 5 3 4 2 4 2 8 6 4 3 6 3 4 2 4 2 Physical education is as indispensable to mental culture, as seed and tillage to agriculture. NEvV ENGLAND FARMER APRII. 10, IS SAUSSURE'S EXPERIMENTS. j ^ihe Etlifior of the N. E. Farmer : Lt.Dear ar.R~I sf'iid yon tlic followinp in answer tto the iiii|uiry of " A Conslaiit Reader," in your last. The e.xpeiimenl.5 of S.ius.-ure u> which he refBrs, arc those, I suppose, peifonned to sulve the followint: q\)estiot), prnpnseil by •' Le Cunpi-es Scp- entificiiio (le France" ; — "Is it possible that sub- jSlanccs of ternary and quaternary composition, can be assimilated, after having been absorbed by the joots of plants ?" Ainon;; such substances, humus, .and other organic matters of fertile soils — that is, Boluble geine, and ijeates — Sanssnre considers the ■piost important, and it is to these that his (jbserva- (tions refer His remarks, &c. were originally pub- Tished in the " Bibllotheque Universellede Geneve," -from which tHty were e.xtracled by Liebij, who, .appendincr certain strictures of his own, inserted -the whole in his " Anncikn" from which they have .teen copied into the London '' Annals of Chymis- .|try," the source to which I am indebted for them. ,. With reward, your friend and ser'vt, -' Lowell, Mirch:iO/U. SAM'L L. DANA. ,.1. " Msorplion of Humala of Polassa hj Benvs.* ,, " Ttie root of the plant was placed iii a test Ttube of 2"2 millimetres (nearly nine-tenths of an jjinch) interior diameter, and 1.50 in heioht, (6 in- Tches,) uhich contained a dark brown solution of r|CarboirjtHd luimate of potassa, or 7 centigrammes I (1 grain) of dry humic salt, containing according to analysis, 18 milligrammes (nearly 3-10 of a grain) of humus. Besides the before mentioned plant, a similar vessel, tilled with a solution of the humic salt, was placed, with a view to ascertain what change would be effected in it by evaporation and the influence of the atmosphere. " After a fortnight, the original weiglit of the plants, 11 grammes, (170 grains,) had increased ti grammes (93 grains.) It had absorbed 135 gram- mes (about 4 1-2 oz ) of the liquid. The absorbed liquid was replaced every day by distilled water. The while roots of the plant had obtained their full length. No sediment had been deposited either on the plant or from the liquid. The latter had evidently lost in color nearly in the same pro- portion as if it had been diluted with twice its vol- "'tttne of water. These results are so striking and "'yd Hksily obtained, that no doubt can exist in the "^iftfnd oftiny one who will be at the pains to repeat the experiment. " Tlie liqyid rem.'vini^ be''''"'i sfier the growth of the plant^i yielded, on eyapora,tion in a water- |,;J)ath, 2 cenligrainmes (3-l() of a grain) of herniate !_. of potassa, containing 9 milligrammes (nearly 1-10 of a graifi),!?^,. humus — ,a quantity wl|icl) inay be. .about equivalent, to that absorbed by the plant. C 2. ^' Msnrption rf the Humnts of Potnam lij the luutbmmon Knot-'grasg, (Polygaitumpersmaii/t.) j C "I plunged the roots of a Polyfranuin persicaria, [ weighing 20 gianinies, (nearly 310 graitiSi) into a sdlntioii of 430 ciibre-b'eiitiineties ((»tJ22 gpariSs : a 1' pint imper»»i of distMleil water is b780 grains :) ot hinnuo nf polisso. This plant, on account pf its - absorbent pr.opertu>« as a mafsli plant, .is much ,,jjriorB 8iiite4 3i"p>;,,c)«R?iW^B^r,«fi.thi^ k\t\i, l^an an oahea;i plant.;,, j,,;,,,^-,, .,,, ;,,..:,„ ,,„; ,.,,, ,, , ,. J .b'jtitH.flljeibuMic «alt wag plepaIel^l»y boriing,ifur seve- ral minuics, siftad inould, frOmi if^liSn'h'n, uilh half iI8 weight *►(■ ijicarhonale of^iQlasfia, uaii'S ^^ times iia a qiiaiititv or waier euRicient 16 uialntam tnd perfect "These 430 cubic centimetres of solution con. laincd 0.73 grammes (a gramme is 15 4 troy grains) of dry hiimate of potassn : the absorbed liquid was not replaced. In the course of ten days, the liquid had diminished to 65 cubic centimetres, {1003 grains.) Its color was darker tlian that of the original solution, in consequence of the healthy plants alisorbing the water in greater proportion than the substances held dissolved in it. "The plant had increased in weight 3 1-2 grainuies, (nearly 54 grain.s.) The dry saline hu- inale which had been absorbed, must, according to the weight of the residue, have been 0.352 gram- mes, containing, according to analysis of the humic acid salt before and after absorption, as the coinpo. sition is not invariable, 43 milligrammes (.GG2 grs.) of humus. 3. "Absorption of Extract of Mould hy Polygamtm persicaria. " I macerated for two days a certain quantity of heath mould from Mendon,* in half its weight of rain water. 100 grammes (1543 grains) of the fil- tered liquid yielded on evaporation in a water-bath, a dark brown neutral extract, which weighed, whilst warm, 0.338 of a gramme — not an invaria- ble result, I would observe. This substance, as is also the case with the greater part of the extrac- tive of mould, did not contain any perfect humus. The aqueous solution deposits, however, on evapo- ration, a precipitate which is a modification of hu- mus. These extractive matters are, therefore, not to be considered as solutions of humus, but rather as substances capable of producing humus. These e.xtracts, especially the latter, are plentifully im- bued with azote. "Tivelve centigrammes (nearly 2 grains) of this extract, were then mixed with 100 grammes of wa- ter, (1543 grs.) : one-half of the filtered solution was taken for the nutriment of two plants, (Polyga- num persicaria) — the other was retained in a simi- lar vessel, which did not, however, contain any plant. After the lapse of nine days, (during which time the absorbed fluid was replaced by water,) the plants, which seemed in a very healthy state, having grown 7 centimetres (nearly 3 inches) and sent forth long white roots, were taken out. The CO nparing fluid evaporated yielded a dry extract weighing 39 milligrammes, (.0006 grs.) whilst that of the liquid left by the plants, weighed only 33 milligrammes, (.5082 grs.) " T,his experiment was remarkable, first, from tbe-circumstaHce that,, the liquid containing the plants partially lost its color: secondly, from the perfect transparency of this solution compared with the change which the comparing liquid had sus- t^jined, this latter being altogether turbid: thirdly. •"The fertile mould of which we speak, does not efffervcsre with acids. Burnt, ll leaves behind 0 22 of earthy mailer and metallic oxides, combined with seve- raUalta. iMoistened with a little water, in consequence olUhe partial solubility of organic matter, it enters into fernienlation, ifthe air be eicluded by ajar over a mer- curial bath, and disengages carbonic and acetic acids, wfiirli, previous to 1erm«fitation, were not coniaii:ed therein. The first infusion o(" this extract, contained (like most moulds) about one-fourth of deeply colored grape 90gaij,beaido6 much destrin, a substance eiuuain- i/ij; azote, willi a deposit of extractive, sonie traces of ni(rate potash, riiirate animoni.i, nidriate lithe and mOri- aie potash. It left 14 1 -2 per cent, of asiies, containing 3 pet «enl. < J salts soluble in wiit?r,<>f whi<.h 1-10 was cotbotiate oj; potassa. U conlaii)s4 pbo^phaio oi' lime- and poiass, and other alkaline salts. 'Tnat pV>rtion of the ashes '^wTiich was ■inkt)l\ible' in Water, contained chiefly phosphite of lime, metallic oxide", and sdica." for the quantity of water evaporated from plants. This amounted, at a temperature of i ly 22° Centigrade, (= 68° Fahrenheit,) some) to 3 1 2 times the weight of the plant, in thes of 24 hours. " In some of my experiments on the absoq of organic extract^, the roots suffered, bee black, especially at their evtremities. By re] iiig 'he absorbed liquid with water, the solu did not lose their color, and the weight of thi tractive dry residue was sometimes greater that of the extract previous to absorption. " It appears that these operations are exposi two different influences ; first, the absorptio the nourishing substance ; and secondly, to th placement of humus by organic matter vielde the decomposition of the plants. In case the ter influence prevails, or even when both iiifl I COS are equal, the quantity of substances const in the nutrition of the plants, could net be def This, I conceive, explains the discrepancy of results obtained by M. Harteg. " Having thus proved the absorption of hi by the roots, it remains for me to refer to ihi similation of the said humus after bavin"' ent the plants. One of the proofs of this assimih is derived from the absence of that peculiar c ing matter of the hiimua in the interior of t plants which have absorbed a strongly colored lution of humate of potassa, as compared wit! different effects of coloring matters, (such as &c.,) which are not fitted for the nutritioi plants. The latter leave behind them trac their passage, while the former are changed partly assimilated by plants. A bean plant o teen inches high, whose roots were plunged filtered decoction of Brazil-wood acidulated wi a little alum, was not able to absorb one- of its weight of this solution which dyed of a color four-fifths of its stalk before it withe whilst Knot-grass, (Polyganum persicaria,) g very well in the same liquid, absorbed its colo components, and showed no trace thereof in stalk ; but when, on the other hand, a similar f was absorbed in dilute ink, it received a blu color from absorption, which at the same i caused it to wither. The coloring matter of zil-wood underwent a change during its partial similatiou by the knot-grass ; whilst in the b plant, for winch it was unfit nutriment, no dec position ensued." [Here end Saussure's experiments. If you v for Liebig's remarks on them, 1 will send tliem your paper, next following the publication of above.— S. L. D.] ICj^'Dr. Dana would add to the obligations are already under to him, by furnishing as the marks of Liebig which he mentions. — Ed. Corn and Crows. — As the season for corn-pli ing is approaching, it may be of service to ki how to prevent the depredations of crows. "Take after the rale of one pound of coppt tx) Q bushel of seed corn: dissolve in water, i sprinkJe the corn with it; the corn may at same time be rolled in plaster." This experiirent has been tried now for th years, with great success, by a veteran farn and be permits me to hand it to you for publi tion. — Springfield nap. 701^. X\II. \0. 4 I. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 325 For ihe N. E. Farmer. RE'*.RING CALVES ON SKIM-.MILK. 'Ir Hreck — Ii. llic New EiiglaiKl FuriiiPr, of llie I Ftb.. Iiiat, over tlie signature of " AiUi-Skiiii- ter," is an article whicli Ueservee a piissing no- It is not a little arnusinnr to one wliu lias n in tlic pructice of raising calves for fifty rs, to read the confident opinions of one who is lenlly but little acquainted with the subject. AntiSkiiu inilkor" says " it is as unnatural" t is skim iiiilk fur raising calves.) " as it is ini- tic — and they who adopt it for presemt gain, I, most likely, at the expense of future los^." osl likely" : — if the writer knows any thing ut it, why not tell us what he knows .' New ;lanil farmers are matter-of-fact men ; Ihey want 8 well attes.ed. 'he writer ^'oes cii to say, " As to ' skirn milk' skini milk' fwns being proper food for calvrs gned for rearing, the bare idea is ridiculous ugh, and no one, it may be supposed, who con- ed las true interest, would practice it," &c. 'or si.\ty years the writer of this has been ewh t conversant with raising calves, and for rjy filly years been in the annual prstctice of it, by this time, if not a very dull scholar, ought note something, rather than guiss. It is all a nisical theory tli.it there cannot be as good cat- raised on skim milk, as to size and shape, as in other way. Tliey are more hardy, make bet- working oxen ; and for cows, quite as likely to e good milkers, und quite as good to propagate 1. Vhy, sir, I have raised calves on skim milk, that, ■n grown to oxen, were as handsome as any !rs, and weighed, when slaughtered at Brighton, ;wt., and cows that weighed 10 cwt., and had lbs. rough tallow. )ne objection to raising calves by letting them k a cow till some months old is, that it makes inucli bone — especially the legs are apt to be large, and not so firm as those which have a ■ rapid growth when young ; and they are more to tire when worked. )nee more, and I have done with ■' Anti-Skim- tor." lie says — " Why do we dsem it essen- 10 nourish our babes with good, rich milk, when ;n from the mother?" &c. Those who under- id raising " babes" do not : it is loo rich and rty fur their iicalth, Much better for them that e skimmed or watered. Why, sir, I have had, rather my wife has had,) some experience in ing " babes" — and it was our practice to water milk given ihein ; and so far as my knowledge Bnds, it is the general practice in the country, ire we have rich milk, to water it. A Skim-mii.ker. 'f'e9tboro\ Marck 2S, 1844. "each Trees. — A correspondent of the Morris jeyman says : — " I am satisfied that screenings nthracite coal are a good protection of peach !S against worms. I placed around each tree, 5X, two feet square and six inches deep, and id it with the coal ; and they have no indica- , of worms about them." rhe eye of a master will do more work than both hands. Not to oversee workinfn is to leave m your purse open. — Franklin. From the Albany Cultivator. CULTURE OF FRUIT. Griiflincr. — One of Ihe most important opera- tions in the culture of fruit tree.-:, is the propaga- I lion of varieties by budding and grnfling. By I means of these, we exchange the unpalatable fruit ' of the wilding for the most delicious productions which art and nature combined have been able to furnish. And there are few gardens or orchards , which might not be greatly improved by the intro- duction of the best varieties, the cultivation and I care of which cost no more than that of the most worthless. Budding and grafting have their respective ad- vantages and disadvantages. Budding requires lees skill and care, but needs the subsequent atten- j lion of removing the ligatures, and heading down the stocks. Grafting does not need this subsequent care, but more skill is requisite in the operation. The peach and nectarine can rarely if ever be ' propagated by grafting; and buddin;: cannot be ' performed on large and unthrifty stocks, which may often be success, ully grafted. Books on gardening de.ocribe many difTerent modes of grafting; but the multiplicity of these often more bewilder the learner than instruct him. By understanding the essential requisites, the ope- ration is at once simplified, and it may be varied at pleasure without danger of failure. The two chief points are, that the sa/i flowing npward ffiroiigh the slock pass freely into the graft, awl that it returns icithoiit ititerruption from the inner bark of the stock. To secure these, both the wood and bark in the stock and graft must be so cut as to admit of being placed ill close contact, and when so placed, the line of separation between the bark and wood, should, on one side at least, exactly coincide in both. The most common and useful modes are the whip and cleft grnfling. Whip grafting is adopted where the stock and graft are of nearly equal size. To perform it, the stock and graft are cut off ob- liquely with an equal degree of slope, so as to leave two smooth straight surfaces which may be brought into close cnntacl. A transverse cleft with the knife is to be made near the middle of each of these surfaces, about one-third of an inch deep, so that when they are pressed togotlier, the tongue and slit thus made in each, may mutually and firmly interlock. It is then usual to bind them to their place with basa or corn husk ; hut it is better to have the jaws of the cleft in each so firmly pressed together as to render this unneces- sary. The whole is then to be closely wrapped in a grafting plaster. Where the stock is more than half an incli in diameter, cleft grafting is preferable. The stock is first cut olT horizontally, and a split made in it at the middle of the cut surface an inch or two in depth ; in this, the graft, cut wedge-like, is insert- ed. To do it properly, it is requisite that the graft be BO cut as to fit the split as nearly as possible, which is to be opened by a wedge on the side op- posite from the place for tlie graft, and that the jaws of the .stock be strong enough to press the sides firmly and closely. After this, the plaster is applied. It is convenient in grafting, to have two knives, I one chiefiy for cutting, and the other very sh.irp, for smoothing the surfaces for contact. I All the branches and buds on the stock must be I carefully removed, that the sap may ali go to the nnuri«hinent of the graft. Failure is often caused by a want of this care. I In heading down old trees, it is a common prac- I tice to giiift into llie largo branches; it would be I much belter to cut off iliojc branclu's, and to graft or bud into the young shuots which spring up in their places. i The practice of using clay to cover the wounds, I is now nearly superseded by the far neater and j better mode of applying plasters of grafting wax. These are made the mo-^t readily and cheaply by spreading the warmed wax over a sheet of unsized paper with a knife, or with a brush when melted, and afterwards cutting up into plasters of the requi- jsito size. The best and cheapest wax is made by I melting together one part of beeswax, two parts of j tallow, and four of rosin. j As grafting early in spring is genemlly prefera- ble, (more especially for the cherry,) it becomes necessary in cool weather, to soften the wax by artificial heat. A kettle of coal.% or a lamp, may be used for this purpose. Budding. — Budding is always to be performed when the bark peels freely, which takes place when the stocks are in a rapidly growing st»tp. Cher- ries and plums should always be budded by the middle of summer ; apples and pears often contin- ue growing rapidly a month later, and peaches may be done even as late as the conuuenceinenl of au- tumn. It is indispensable to successful budding, that the stock be thrifty, and the shoot in which the bud is inserted, not more than a year or two old. No skill can succeed in old or stunted stocks. For the cambium, or mucilaginous substance between the bark and wood, which hardens into the new wood, and which cements the bud to the stock, ex- ists only in sufficient quantities for this purpose in fast growing branches. Every bud is an embryo plant, and the object is to transfer this from one tree to another. To ef- fect this, it is only necessary that the bud be cut smoothly from the shoot with a very small portion of wood with it, and inserted under the raised bark of the stock, in close contact with the cambium. Provided the stock is thrifty and growing ; the bud smoothly cut off, and closely and evenly ap- plied to the stock ; the cambium uninjured by re- moving the barks ; and the bud be kept to its place a few days by a ligature of moderate pres- sure ; it is of little consequence how the operation is performed, and there can be little danger of failure. The common way of cutting the bark to remove it, is to make a transverse cut and longitudinal slit just through it, like the letter T. The bud is then slid downwards under the bark, in the middle of the slit. Whatever mode is adopted, the bark should b(! lifted by placing the knife at the edge, and not by running it under, as this alway.^ in- jures the cambium. After the bud is inserted, the whole should bo covered, except the bud itself, with a ligature of moistened bass, com husk, tow, or other soft substance, bound round it with just sufficient force to press the bud closely on the stock. In about two weeks, or as soon as the lig- ature begins to cut into the stock, it must be re- moved. Early the following spring, thu stock is to be cut ofTa quarter of an inch above the bud, and in a direction sloping towards it, and all the branches and other buds carefully removed, that the whole of the nourishment may go to its growth. Macedon, ft'ayne Co., .V. Y. . J. J. T. 326 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, ARPILIO, 1S4' AMI HDUTICULTURAL RIGISTER. Edited liy Joseph Breck.. Bosros, Wednesday, April 10, 1844. SOWING CLOVER WITH OTHER GRASS SEED. Mr Editor — As the season is at hand for sowing spnnif giaiii, and OS most farmers sow their grass seed at the same lime, 1 have thought 1 would offer a few re- marks, anil point r.ut what I ihinii is a inislake in many farmers, at least ill the section of the country where I reside, in not sowing clover with other grass seeds. For some years past, many farmers have neglected sowing clover seed. They siy the northern, on well manured land, grows so rank that it lodges, and it is difficult lo L'et il dry enough to be carried to the harn, without shattering most of the heads and leaves, and their stock will nut eat the coarse stalks. The soulhern is loo early f'lr other grasses, and is liable, in makin;:, lo lose its leaves, and produces a small crop when sown alone. Some of thfi above objections are true. If, afler the clover is mown, il is spread and turned in the middle of the dav, and raUed into winrows and rolled into cocks — and the next tltiy opened and turned and shook up seve- ral times-, as practiced by some farmers, it is no wonder that thiir laitle will not eal it, and that they will not sow il. Hut there are eoiue good and observing farmers who continue to sow it, believing their land is beni^filed liy it, although they do not consider the first crop of so much value, yet they think upon the whole they get as great an amount of hay in the course, (afler the clover has disappeared,) before again plowing up, as the d caying roots of the clover afford food for the other grass- es, and leave the ground open for the admission of air and water. In securing my clover for several years past, I have pursued the following method : When about half of the heads have turned brown, in good bright hay weather, I commence mowing afler the dew is off, — let it remain in the swarih until 4 or 5 o'clock, P. M., ; then with the fork commence at the end of a swarth, and lake up a flake, and put it forward, and take up another, and so on, till 1 get a forkfull ; this is placed on the warm dry ground, between the swarths, and follow taking up flake aftur flake, and forkfull after forkfull, till I judge the cocks contain about fifty pounds j rake up the scat- terings, and let it reuiain in these small heaps till about the same lime next day, when I make them into large heaps by putting two or three into one ; third day after the dew is off, turn them boltom upward, and in a few hours ihey are fit to carl in. I have always till last sea- son, sprinkled a few quarts of salt to each load, but last year I used no salt. 1 put some 12 or 15 tons of bay, mostly clover, inio my barn, cured in this way, and am now feeding it to my caLtli-, which ent it as dean and freely as any hay 1 have given them. The leaves and heads are all on, and as fresh and of as good color as when mowed. But I am satisfied that tlie salt is bene- ficial lo my stock, although not required to prevent the hay from heating or becoming musiy, and shall in future salt my clover hay. I can safely iccommend this method to all who raise clover for hay. But in connexion with tliis, there seems to be one or two important considera- tions. Every person who has been familiar with the agricultural papers lor the last fifieen years, must be BWare ol the great advantage the farmers of the .Middle, and the planters of ihe Southern fcilules have derived from the cultivation of clover in connexion with lime and plaster of Paris. The long taproot of the clover penetrates to a depth on their worn-out lands, below where the fibrous roots of corn and wheat had ever reached, and it finds in the unexliausteil subsoil, those essential salts lliat have been exhausted in ihe lop soil by long chopping ; and its abundant leaves extract from the air Ihe necessary carbon; and by plowing in the clover, it replenishes the soil wilh decaying ypgelable matter, wliich is soon converted into humus. This course gives them increasing crops of corn and wheat, and, continued for a few years, restores 'heir exhausted soils to their pristine fertility. Beside the above, there seems to be another good reason why clover should be more generally cultivated here at the North, where all our hay crops are vyanted for winter forage. At page 24, of Dr. Dana's Prize Essay, he says, " Clover is twice as rich in nitrogen as herdsg'ass, and that the kind of a green crop lurried in, materially ati'ects the value of llie process. While the straws of ihe grain bearing plants afford for every ton of gieen crop turned in, about three- fourths of a pound of ammonia, green cornstalks and herdsgrass about five pounds of ammonia per Ion, red clover affords about seventeen pounds per ton. The very great value of clover in enriching land, is thus made evident." Without doubt, the ratio of nitrogen is relatively the same in the green and dry herdsgrass and clover, and supposing the coarse stems of the clover hay are not all eaten, if it goes into the compost heap as litter, it is twice as valuable as herdsgrass, and ten times the value of rye straw for manure, and the manure fiom what the stock did eat, would be valuable in the same propor- tion. In the N. E. Farmer, of March 20th, Mr Phinney re- commends the practice of seeding down land to grass after the grain crop is taken off, by plowing in the stub- ble and sowing the seed in September, — and his opin- ions on all matters pertaining to the farm, are of the very highest authority. I would suggest that where such a course is to be pursued, if it would not bo money well expended, lo sow a few pounds of southern clover seed per acre wilh the grain, for the npress purpose of plowing in with the stubble for manure. By its decom- position, il would afford heat, moisture and food, lo the I was about to publish bis opinion, that he might h stated it more fully and satisfactorily to himself. Respectfully, your ob't serv't, C. T. JACKSON P. S. — Having seen .)Ir T. since the above was w ten, I find he objects only to the word "■ prorcd" — ar agree with him that the extent of the experiments wo not warrant its unqualified application. ng and tender herdsgrass and redtop, and be a pre- servative against drought. B. Boston, April 3d, 1844. To the Editor of the New Encland Parmer : Dear Sir— I regret to find by Mr Teschemacher's let- ter, inserted in your last paper, that he thinks I must have misunderstood him in reference to his opinion on my artificial guano. He evidently refers to asub, 00— Petersburgh. South side So on a 5 25 >. Country ?4 37 a5 00 — Genesee, common, cash, S5 12 a — do laricy brands S5 25 a 5 37 — Ohio, via Canal, lO a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash 84 87 a' 5 25. Rye, i2 a 0 00— Indiau Meal in bbls. 42 87 a 3 00. ROVI.SIONS. The principal transactions have been in k, comprising about lOUO bris. clear, mess and prime, of ous qualities, at differeut prices, within the quoted rates. eef— McBS 4 iio. new bbl. $6 75 a 7 25— Navy— $0 00 a l._Nii. I, So 37 .1 6 00— do Prime S5 00 a 5 50— Pork— ra clear 4 mo. bbl. 812 50 a 13 00— do Clear SI 1 00 a 12 00 Mess, 9 00 a 10 00 — do Prime S7 50 a 8 03— do Mess n other States,— a do Prime do do SO 00 n 0 00 Cargo do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00 — ter, shipping, 15 a 18— do store, uninspected, 10 a 12— do ry, Id cts. a 20— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6J a 7 —do ilh and Western, 6 a 6i — Hams, Boston, 7 a 7^ — ithern and Western, 6^ a 0— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 4i — do new milk, 41 a i\. VOOIi. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ei- tation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, a.l . All wbereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per ad. val. and 3 cts. per pound. Lophospermum Sianilem 12i cents. Mimulus Hudsonia 12^ cents. — ■ cardinalis splendens 124 cents. Madagascar periwinkle 12J cents. Pentstemon Millerii Pj cents. hybridus 12i " . gentianoides 12^ cents. splendens 12^ " Salpislossis, fine sorts 12^ " Schizanlhus Hookerii 12^ " oblusifolia. new white. humilus. pinnata. Portulacci Gilesii, 25 cents. Phlox Drummondi 12S " Verbena, fine scarlet, and from other choice sorts 12^ cts. aubletia. urticifolia — With many other rare sorts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 19, lSi4. FINK DONE BIANVRE:. The subscribers have on hand, Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bone Manure, mixed with the marrow o( the lone. It was produced from a manufactory when the bone was saw- ed in a wet state. It must be a very valuable article. Also, Fifly Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- pally saw dust, and the refuse of a manufactory. March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. PIWE PICOTEK PINK SEED. The subscribers have for sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved Irom the varieties of double Pinks which were exhibited by them at the Horticultural Rooms, and for which they obtained premiums the last season. This is pro- bably the finest seed of American growth ever offered for sate. Price 25 cents per package. Also extra fine English Picotce and Carnation seed at 12i cents per package. JOSEPH BSECK &. CO. Boston, March 6, 1844. NITRATE OP SODA FOR AGRICULTURAI. PURPOSES. BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named article, which has been much approved of in England, ami as far as used in this country has been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, 1344. 3m J O !S E P U BRECK & NEW ENGLAND Jigricultuntl li'urrjiouse ANO S.'^ED STORE. CA and 62 North Market Streel, Boston JOSEPH HRECK & CO. buying received » lull and gen- ernl assortment of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEEDS, worthy of cuUiv.iiion, confidently recommend ihem as being pure and of the first qualilus, unmixed with other vnrieties; ihey have no hcsvlalmn in saying that their collection of Seeds is tlie best, and of the grcalest variety ever offered for sale at any establishinent in the U. Stales, and wouhl invite all to send in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply theniselveK with the choicest va- rieties in goori season lor the Spring pianung. The following are a few of llir mo!.t important kinds which they offer wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Chatlion, do. Frame, do. Warwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Woodford's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, Knights' Dwarf, Dwarl Marrowfats, Tall do. BEANS. Lima, Saba. Horticultural Pole, Dwarf China, ik(. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberrj Pole, While do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead, Late Sugar-loaf, Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early York, Batlern^a, Va- nack, Hope, Early Sugar-loaf, with a complete variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Turnip Beets, French Susar Beets, Man gel Wurtzcl, Ruta Baiia, Long Orange, Early Horn and While Field Carrots, Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broc- colis of all sons. Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, tweet Mar- jorum, Sage. Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than twenty fine varieties. They have just received per Ship Minerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower Seeds', winch together with an assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise tlie most com- plete collection ever offered for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Green-house Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Routs, and all Nursery prodoctions furnished at one day's notice, and when requesied, can be packed in mats and boxes, so as to be seut to Europe or any part o( America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms wilh Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with print- ed directions on each package for its managemem and cul- tivation. GRASS SEEDS, At wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Grass, a first rate article for Lawns. Clover Seed, Red and White, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl Meadow, Northern and Southern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet. Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., &c., oi ihe best quality and tor sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz ; — 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2ii0 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutters, 50 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, too Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- table Cullers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Giam Cradles. 100 Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Stonee, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Siecl Shovels, 160 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patenl Snailhs,200 do Common do.,600do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do., 200 do. Manure Forks, 3 0 do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do, Truck do. 100 do Dralt do, 500 do. Tie up do, 60 doz Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. TIE UP CHAINS!— Just received by the "Oceanus" 300 Chains for tying up cattle. The.^e chains, introduced by E. H. Debby, Esq. of Salein. and Col. jAaiEs, for the purpose of securing caitle to ilie stall, are tound to he the safest an(* most cunveuient mode of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, fit ) • ' " " a. < Feb. 21, 1844. and 52 North Market Street, Boston. MUCK MANUAL.. ! The Farmer's Muck Manual, bv Dr. S. L. Dana— price ; 62 1-2 cents, for sale by JOS. BRECK & CO. I Dec. 1 1 . FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, »nd Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a siiilable time to transplant many Trees and Plants, and often times more convenient than in spring. We have as great a variciy of Apple.-, Pears, Cher- ries. Plumfl, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Goo^eberries, &.e. as can be found in the country, and otfer them at the loweBl prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, Oct. U, 1843. 328 NEW ENGLAND FARMER API. Ill 10, IS 44 MISCELLANEOUS. An Irish;iiiin niico went .4//LM.S' comprises upwards of 3''0 of the choicest varieties of this gorgeous and splendid flower, most of them prize varieties. Dry roots ready for delivery early in the spring, and in pots from the middle of April to the 1st June. STRA iVBERRIES of the most productive anil best varieties, for sale in any quantity. None but healthy and strong plants will he suffered to leave the nursery. GRAFTS and SC/OiVS of most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtained in their season. GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, of all the rare and splen- did kinds, always on band at the Saloon, where visitors are respectfully invited to call. GRAPE V^LXBS; ASPARAGUS, and other roots constantly for sale. Also, a great variety of choice GARDEN ani FLOW- ER SEEDS, a\[ of this year's growth, and warranted fresh, genuine and true lo their names. Agricultural, Horiicultural and Botanical Books. Gardening Implements ; Flower Vases, &c. &c. The whole enumerated in a new descriptive Catalogue, which will be given gratis on application. All orders for trees will be delivered at one day's notice. Every tree and plant will be warranted by ihe subscriber, as lo its distinctive character and goodness. Boquels and cut flowers, can be obtained any day in the week at the saloon. Flowers furnished for decorations, at short notice. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN. April 3. FRUIT AND ORNMENTAl. TREES, &C. s. & G. Hyde's nursery, NE^VTON. The subscribers have for sale a choice collection of Fruit Trees, comprising the best varieties of Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Pears, Plums, &c. Gooseberries, Currants, Raspberries, Grape Vines, and Quinces. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, Allheas, PcEonies, Buckthorn, &.C. All orders addiessed to the subscribers will receive prompt attention. Trees packed to insure safely to distant places. S. & G. HYDE. Newton, April 3, 1844. SCIONS FOR GRAFTING. Those who wish lo obtain Scions fur grafting, are remind- ed that this month is the tim'? lo cut grafts. It is important that orders should fie S'-iit during the month to ensure exe- cution, as it is impossible to keep a full assortment on hand. We have a supply of the following, cut from bearing trees, viz: Apples — Baldwin, Greening, Uoxbury Russet, Porter, Hubbardston, Nonsuch, and other varieties Pears- Bar'lelt, Seckle, Jargonelle, and other varieties can be cut if ordered. Also, Plum and Cherry Scions. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston. March 20. 1814 GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved wilh a toot treader, are lound lobe a great liiiprove- menl on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner sre hecoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal saiL-^faclioii. The rollers can be attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK &■ Co., No. 61 North Market street. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvemcnis have been made llie past year in form and workmanship of these Plousrhs ; the r. luld hi has been so formed as lo lay ihe fii'rrmc rnrnplrtety o lurnwg in every partiele of grass orslul'hie, and leaving frround in the best passible manner. The leiisth of mould board has lu n very much increased, so that Plough works with the greatest ease, (mth wiih respec the holding and ihe team. The Committee at the late t of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as lo which of the Plou •we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps sa the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy lo w try Prouly & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hard orro~ begin with Mr. Howard's." At the above mentioned trial the Howard Plough more work, with the same pewer of tarn, than any a plough e-vhibiled. No ,ither turned more t'.aii Iwentyse and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while Howard Plough turned ticentynine and one half inche: the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howa Ploughs are much the strongest aud most substanti made. ■There has been quite an improvement made on the si or land side of this Plough, which rnn be renewed will having to furnish a new landsidc: t. s shoe likewise sect the mould board and landside together, and strengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Si 5. A Plot sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost al; SIO SO, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, Sii extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail the New England Agricultural Warehouse aud Seed Sli Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSKPH 15RECK & CO '-sL^'p^^ WILLIS' LATEST LMPKOVED SEED SOWE In using this machine, the farmer may be ccitain tl bis seed is put into the ground, and at the same lii in the best possible manner. Tliere has been a gn difficulty in machines for sowing garden seeds ; th are very apt to clog up, and the fanner might go over acre of land and not sow a single seed ; but not so w this; it is so constructed thai it cannot possibly cli III using this sower, the farmer ran save one half his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter t exfiense of the common way of sowing, and have done in a much better manner; it opens the furie drops the seed covers it over and rolls them dowi It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta liaf Mangel Wurlzcl, Turnips, Carrots, Bei ;s, Parsnips, CJ ions, ^c. For sale al the New England Agricultui Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 North Mi ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or f2 50 ifnot pi within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, withi expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT. PKINTEES. 21 School Street. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. POnHSHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NOliTH MARKET STREET, (Agbicultubal Wabehouse.) .XAII.l BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 17, 1844. CNO. 48. N. E. FARMER, From tlie Albany Cultivator. BLIGHT IN THE PEAR TREE. ''he blight in the pear tree is produced from jf two causes, or from both. 1st. The culti- n of the tree after a set of organs have been iHshed and matured for the production of fruit, in situations where manure cannot be applied, ly be for the want of the necessary pabulum he support of its organism and for fruit. 9d. want of protection to the roots, from sudden ges of temperature. 0 prevent this disease, it is necessary to cease vating the ground the trees occupy, after they monce bearing fruit, and cultivate the tree by dressings of manure, to be applied in the fall le year, and by covering the surface of the ind with straw, litter, tan, or any other matter will protect the roots, or rather the ground in ;h they run, from sudden rise or fall of tempe- re. If tlie soil is destitute of iron, this mineral lid be added to it. I mention the iron, from Dus observations made where it has been of importance in restoring to health diseased ■ trees, and from observing that pear trees grow irously and live almost entirely exempt from ase, upon soils containing iron, provided the 3 are not injured by cultivation after they have fecied a set of vessels for the formation of fruit, in other words, after they commence bearing crops of fruit; but the iron alone is no preven- ', but seems to form an important ingredient to ■ tree. In no case should the ground be dis- )ed by plowing or digging after the tree com- nces to bear fruit. vVriters upon orchards tell us that certain kinds pears are not worth cultivating on account of ease ; but at the same time, admit that trees of so kinds are still in existence, and continue to iduce good fruil, and are to be found in cities; 1 in Fituations, I strongly suspect, where the )und around them is not cultivated ; and where •ir roots are protected by brick pavement, or by nething else, from sudden change of tempera- e. A protective covering to the roots is not only of vantage to the pear tree, but to most if not all ler trees we cultivate on our farms ; and tor the int of It may be attributed many of the diseases ey are subject to. Upon a good soil, the peach ■e is rarely if ever infested with worms, if the ' ots to their extremities are placed in a situation icrc the temperature of the earth about them is adually raised and diminished by the many sud- :n changes of weather in our climate. I have re trees thus situated, about which a worm has ;ver appeared, although my orchard has furnished em in thousands, as also a nursery I have kept ■r the purpose of inquiring into their habits; a^ill lese five trees remain untouched by worms. Nature's plan is to protect the roots of ihc lantF, either by shade from the green foliage, or y decayed and decaying vegetable matter, and by both. A tree standing alone, and not near oth- er trees, and without artificial aid, grows but slow- ly till the ground becomes covered with decayed vegetable matter, and its branches extend suffi- ciently to produce a shading to the ground occu- pied by its main roots. Our forests are affected by the timber being thinned out and the under- growth kept down ; the trees become diseased ; worms make inroads upon their trunks and branches, and a slow decay takes place ; while the woodland next adjoining, left undisturbed by man, continues in fine health and as vigorous as ever in growth. Now if nature produces her work best in this way, (and that she does, every man of attentive observa- tion can see,) we certainly ought to follow her ex- ample. Then let us plow, hoe and dig, but ever bear in mind that our business is to aid nature in her products, and that too much plowing, digging, and hoeing about plants, is injurious, by preventing nature from performing her work, or by undoing what she has already made an effort to do, and is in the continuance of doing. With much respect, Lyttleton Physick. .larai Farm, Md., Xov. 13, 1843. ON COWS DROPPING AFTER CALVING. As the disorder of the cow, designated puerpe- ral fever, or dropping afier calving, is still an un- settled subject as to its true nature, I trust any facts that may be gathered relative to the matter, although barren in themselves in point of elucida- tion, will not do any mischief by farther unsettling the affair. I do not presume any attempt at expo- sition : I only present to you a few simple obser- vations. First, the total absence of the ordinary charac- teristics of fever in most cases, through every stage of the disorder. Secondly, the very sudden developement of the disease in almost every case that occurs. Third, the equally sudden recovery of the great- er number of those who were diseased. The earliest symptoms that I have noticed are a tremor of the extremities, especially the hinder ones, which rapidly increases to staggering, and ends in total paralysis — the secretions, especially that of milk, diminish in proportion as the dis- ease progresses — the patient, when first down, per- haps supporting herself on her brisket, with her head turned to her flank and nviking a piteous moan at almost every expiration of breath. If this latter stage of the complaint is not quickly reme- I died, she soon becomes unable to maintain this iio- sition, and lies prostrate on her side; the eyes be- come dim — she is quite insensible to any and every object— in fact, she is universally palsied. The breathing becomes unnaturally slow, and in this condition death usually winds up the affair. Now, sir, with regard to treatment. Viewing it as an inflammatory or febrile disorder, I first had recourse to the ordinary antiphlogistic remedies, [such as are used to check intfiimmation,] but where I have relied on these remedies, I have in- variably been disappointed. The depletive plan, with me, has proved a total failure. Tills being the case, I have for many years abandoned it, and have adopted the opposite, or stimulant plan. I do, however, occasionally bleed, if I am called in the early stage, but never at an advanced period. 1 also take care to administer some purgative early in my attendance, but place no reliance on it without a stimulant being added. I think, as a purgative, croton and aloes have the preference in this case with me, and, as a stimulant, large doses of spt. nit. aeth., with about two ounces of tinct. opii. A variety of other stimulants may, however, be used, either separately or combined, with equally beneficial results; I also usually rub a stim!ilating embrocation well into the back and loins, and ap- ply a sheepskin over all. I think a turpentine clyster also of much service. Many patients under this plan of treatment, will be on their legs in from twelve to twentyfour hours from the administration of the first dose ; and no fear need be entertained for their safely when once they can stand. 1 scarcely dare venture any remarks as to the nature of this affection, and (he post-mortem exam- inations have not been attended with uniform re- sults ; but that it is a nervous disorder, I think most practitioners will admit. It also seems pecu- lior to the cow, and likewise to the period of partu- rition.— J. Beeson, Veterinary Surgeon, (Eng.) Soiling. — Feeding animals in the summer sea- son with green food cut daily, and given them in stalls or yards, is far preferable to grazing. First, because the food is consumed with less waste; secondly, because rest is, to a certain degree, an equivalent for food. The bodies of animals do not remain stationary, but are constantly wasting in proportion to the amount of exercise they undergo ; hence, while they rove at large, they must receive from time to time new supplies of food to make up for this waste, which are not needed when they are at rest, and consequently, by the system of soiling, less food will be required to fatten them. Thirdly, because by soiling there is a great sav- ino- of valuable manure, which hy the old method of grazing, was nearly altogether lost. — English paper. Grease Spots. — "Take the yolk of an egg, (un- cooked,) entirely free from the white, and with a soft brush, apply the substance, and rub it on the spot until the grease appears removed or loose. Wash off the egg with moderately warm water, and finally rinse off the whole with clean cold water. Should not all the grease be removed, (which may be difiicult, if it has been on a long time,) dry and repent the operation." The writer of the above says that a fine Merino shawl, which had been badly smeared with tar and grease, (gudgeon grease,) was perfectly cleaned by this process in a few minutes. — Southxceslern Farmer. 330 NEW ENGLAND FARMER ARPII, 17, I84i' ANII HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited by Joseph Breck. Boston, Wednesday, April 17, 1844. [In our last wi- gave the experiments of Saussure on the :ibsorption and assiniilaliuii of humus by plants, kind- ly furnished us by Dr. Oana, vvlio has further increased our indehledness lo him by transcribing for onr columns tlie subjoined strictures of Prof Liebjg on the above named experimenls.] Some Remarks on the Preceding Experiments of De Saussure, on the Nourishment of Plants. By J. Liebig. By a summary of the results of I)e Saussure 's experi- ments, we obtain the following facts : A liorse-bean, ve<;i;taiing for a fortnight in a aohilion of humate of potassa. incrt-asts in vfeighl by GOOO milli- grammes (6 giainmes) — 9-2.t) grs. ; and has consumed for tins increase in weight, as defined by direct experi- ment, 9 milligrammes of humus — (1-10 of a grain.). In a second experiment, a specimen of Polyganum persicaria, (a marsh plant,) increased in a solution of humus during a space of time not defined, 3500 milli- grammes, (nearly f 4 grains,) for which it had consumed, according to the calculation, ili milligrammes of humus, (.002 grs ) In a third experiment, two specimens of Polygonum persicaria increased in nine days by T centimetres (near- ly 3 inches,) and bad beside ihis, shot forth roots, fir which they consumed from the extract of mould, 5 mil- ligrammes, (.077 of a grain.) These experiments, therefore, prove, with the strict- est accuracy, th:il, presuming the hutnus to be absorbed m this form, and in no nihcr, iis quantity — even under the most favorable conditions, (where the water, in which the plant vegetates, contains more humus than the plant is able to absorb with that water,) is very small, and that the plant in the first experiment, assimi- lated in 100 days 1-10 of a grain of humus * Accord- ing to 'he last experiment, two specimens of Polygonum persicaria consumed together in nine days, 5 milligram- mes, (.077 of a gr.) One specimen, therefore, in 100 days, 1-30 of a grain. Il follows from this, that the quantity of extract of mould (by itself or combined with caibonale of potassa,) absorbed by a plant, when nourished therewith under the most favorable circumstances, is so small, and there- fore so difficult lo define, that it is not unfair to suppose the possibility of inaccuracy of observation ; thai is to say, that the experimenls which go lo prove the absorp- tion of huuiiis by the roots, do not possess the requisite power of demonstration. If now, besiiles this, it can be proved, with the great- est certainly, that a solution of humus experiences, by the influence of the air, continual change, a true decom- position, in consequence of which carbonic acid is formed from its component pans, ichj, it may be asked, in the new experimenls of De Saussure, lias this inllu- ence o( the atmosphere, which he himself ascertained, not been taken into account, in order lo explain the loss in weight of the carbon in iiis test liquors ? Every one who is a little conversant with M. l)e Saussuie's re- searches, will easily be able to answer this qui^stion. Respecting the part aitributed to ammonia in vegeta- tion, il lias been objected If) me that many plants, name- ly, vegHiables, taste of animal manure, when it has been applied lo thein in too great quantity, and that herbivo- rous animals do not eat the grsss or hay of meadows ma- nured wiih dung-waler. The truth o( theso facts can- not be doubted, and it may be the same with those plants which grow on marshy meadows, and on a soil containing animal or vegetable matters in a state "f pu- trefictinn, to which the atniosphf re has not free access. All these observations entirely piove, then, that all such foreign matters lake no part in ilie pru<-ess of vege- tiition of the plant ; for supposing this to bo the case, all I hose odorous and vapid components of manure or dung-waler, would not have preserved llieir peculiarity ; for they wc.uld have lost ii necessarily, if the plant had consumed tlicnn tor its developement. .■V plant absorbs, like a sponge, all soluble compo- nents of the soil ; but in colored fluids, in solutions of •This is doubtless a misprint, and should be 14 days, l-IO ol a grain,= in 100 days to 0 714 of a r, as I have before I'bserved nn another occasion, we should easily discover them in the color of Ihe springs of our meadows and of our forest brooks. And whence then IS the humus derived which is required for the myriads of plants vegetating in the sea ? The water of our wells is in general colorless and transparent; in calcareous soil, it is lich in bicarbonate of lime, without humus. This carbonic acid derives its origin from vegetable inalter : il is liunius, which, with- out dissolving, yields this gas, by its own decoinposiiion. The springs in meadows and marshy places, impreg- nated with iron, contain il in the form ot protoxide dis- solved, instead of lime, in carbonic acid — a combination which forms only in the U|rper strata of mould. By deepening these springs, the water ascending from be- neath is found free from iron, and their contents of car- bonic acid are very muuli diminished. How is it possi- ble, taking in account so many well-known facts, to entertain the least doubt as to the true part which mould- ering vegetable humus matters act in the nutrition of plants ? Certainly, most plants vegetate, in pure quartz irri- gated with distilled water, only very scantily ; while they arc developed more vigorously in good and appro- priate mould. But plants require, besides water and air, other conditions for the process of nutrition which the quartz does not yield lo Ihein, and without which they likewise vegetate scantily in mould, if these condi- tions be not present. All inferences which may be drawn from experiments of Ibis kind, do not possess any validity in the present day. —Liebig's " .■InnaUn." [CrOur limited knowledge in chemical science does not warrant us to attempt to decide in this case in which learned " doctors disagree ;" but were we to offer an opinion merely, upon the subject in dispute, we should s.iy, that if Liebig has not ihe right side in the question, he iias at least fortified his positions with weighty arguments which il seems impossible lo reconcile with the doctrine which the experiments of Saussure are claimed to have proved as the true one. Some further remarks of Saussure on the assimilation of humus by plants, with Liebig's reply. Dr. Dana has kindly prom- ised to condense for our next paper. — Ed. SEEDLING GRAPES. We are indebted to J. W. Boutelle, Esq., of Filcli- burg, for roots of two varieties of seedling grapes, for which we are much obliged. We have no doubt but in process of lime we shall find ourselves possessed of many fine varieties of grapes, raised from our own indi- genous sorts, which will vie with the fiireign. If Mr Boutelle will favor our Horticultural Society with spe- cimens of his grapes when ripe, it will no doubt turn to Ills account, provided they are superior. We should at the same time advise iiini to propagate them as much as possible this season, as we can assure him a good price lor all the vines he can raise, if, upon comparison with other native sorts, they are found to be belter. We lake the liberty to publish his letter, giving a descrip- tion of the varieties : FiUhhuTg, April 5th, 1844. Mr Brk.ck— Sir— Having ^ead in your paper last fall, an account of an early variety of native grape, ex- hibited at the Horticultural Rooms, from a lady of Qiiin- cy (I think,) which you considered very fine, I send you a root from a vine in a bearing state in my garden, which 1 consider of superior quality, and earlier fiy two or three weeks than any other in this vicinity, and per- haps than the Quincy lady's, [Mrs. Crehore ] It ri- pens here the second week in September, and 1 Ihink in the vicinity of Boston, it would ripen much sooner. I cannot ji'we n very accurate description of it : il is a very rich grape, « seedling, a good bearer, aud resembles the Black Muscadine, according lo "Prince's Treatise on Ihe Vine," and is considered by those who are acquaint- ed Willi il tht best in Fitchbxtrg. I also send a native variety which I consider a vi excellent grape; its berries ate large, round and wh except where exposed to the sun, and then a very li| red, or rather a flesh-color ; skir. very thin, with liule no pulp when fully ripe. If you shall think these vii eties worth cultivating, I shall be happy in having or tribuled my mile toward the cultivalion of so goot, kind of fruit as the Grape. I will send you so grapes from ihese vines (which 1 intended lo have di last year, but my grapes were nearly destroyed by rose bug) next fall, when I hope you will give liter name. Yours, with respect, J. W. BOUTELLE MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. exhibition of fruits. Saturday, Jlpril 6, 1844 The President of the Society presented some fines cimens of the Lady Sweeting Apple, from the establi mem of Messrs. Downing, of Newburg, N. Y. Th were highly flavored, good size, and finely colored. 1 apples were accompanied with scions, which will distributed at our next meeting. Fine specimens were also exhibited by the Preside of an Apple, name unknown. From its size and fi appearance, wo suspect it is fiom the Emjiire Slate : flavor first rate. Il would give us pleasure to receive specimens fruits, during the season, from our friends in westi New York. For the Committee, S. WALKER, Chvin EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. Saturday, April 13, 1844 The first of the new, and the last of the old crop Grapes, were this day presented by J. F. Allen, Esq., Salem — viz: specimens of Black Hamburg, finely c ored and of good flavor. Also, u cluster of the v Black Prince, of last season, perfectly sound as th were when taken from the vine. They were somewl shriveled, but otherwise in good order, and of excellt flavor. Mr Allen also presented some fine, ripe St. i chael Figs. For the Cominitleo, S. WALKER, CUmn. EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. From Wm. E. Carter, Botanic Garden, Cambriclg Azalea Phoenecium, Smithii, Hybrida and Coccinne very beautiful specimens. We hope to see this interei ing and beautiful family of plants more generally cul vated than they are at present. The tender varieties a verv well adapted to parlor cultivation, and will flow profusely with very little management. The bar sorts, which are very numerous, are liighly ornament and add much to the brilliancy of the shrubbery or bi der. For the Committee, JOSEPH BRECK, Chmn. EXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES. From Edward Savage, G stalks of blanched Khobar grown in the garden of Mr George Eaton, of Sprin field, which were very much admired for their beau and delicacy. They measured 3 feet 7 inches in lengt The following letter to the editor if Ibis paper, accoi panied them. It would be gratifying to receive an a count of the process by which they were produced this early season ; Springfield, April 11, '44. Mr J. Breck — Dear Sir — I send G stalks of Kliubar from Mr George Eaton's gerden, in this town. The G stalks are from a parcel of 20, and is the fourth pul ing this season- Mr Eaton uncovered Ihe roots the 9 of March, and on tlie SDth of that month, (just 20 daj after,) he pulled 14 stalks, equal in quality lo those send you. You will please exhibit these on Saturda' at the Society's room, provided they are worth the n' lice. Most respectfully, yours, EDWARD SAVAGE. ICrThe favors of Dr. Jackson, " B." and other art cles, are necessarily deferred till our next. >!.. X.VII. NO. 43. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 331 )le and single teams. And no person sliall end for citirer of (he Society's premiums, unless s the owner of the oxen and plow, and acts ns irman himself or some person who works on farm. Single teams will plow without a dri- 111 competitors in plowing, must enter their ics with the Secretary, before eight o'clock on Iday of the Show. Trial of U'orkiug Oxen yill take place immediately after the services liie meeting house. IVll competitors in this trial most enter their lies with the Secretary, before nine o'clock on day of the Show. t is understood, that whenever, merely from it of competition, any of the claimants might be sidered entitled to the premiums, under a literal strnction, yet if in the opinion of the judges, object so offered is not deserving of any re- ■d, the judges shall have a right to reject such ni. No article or animal on which, to any ler, one premium shall have been awarded, 11 ever be permitted to receive the same or a ; premium. Milch heifers will not be allowed ake a premium as milch cows : the same pair iteers will be allowed to receive but two pre- ims. The proof of agricultural experiments I the manner in which they were conducted, to offered at the annual meeting of the Trustees, e Trustees have reserved fifty dollars to be arded to such persons as shall exhibit any arti- of utility for which no premium is offered above, [f any competitor for any of the Society's pre- ims shall be discovered to have used any disin- nuous measures, by which the objects of the So- UANA'S PRIZK ESSAY ON MANURES. Section Twei.kth. Jlshes. It is easy to s-^e, that salis, whatever be iheir name or nature, which are likely to be of any ser- vice to Iho fanner, are those only which either en- ter into and form part of the plants, or which, by upon the sails. In spent ashes we have nearly all the bone du-sl left ; and besides this, a portion of what is usually considi'red the real strength, that is, the [lotash. This is chemically united to cer- tain of the other constituents of ashes. You can- not leach it out. Upset your leach-tubs, shovel over your spent ashes, mix it up with fermenting manure, where a plenty of fixed air is given off. the action of their acid or base, act on the earthy fj,,re \g the secret of the value of spent ashes, so parts of soil, or upon the mould. Salts either poi- j f^^ j^g the potash or ley strength is concerned, .son or nouri.sh plants. The first, like the medi- j 'j'|,jg ^.jjpgg^pp ^^ ^ji-to carbonic acid, lets loose cines wo take, are good in small doses; the second t(,g p„[jg|,jy|,jj|, ,^^8 chemically combined with can hardly injure, even by iheir excess. If we t[,p „t|,^f „|„,tj,rs. Water would never have done recur to the principle with which we set out early i ^^^^g Mark, now, a practical leson taught here by in this essay, that the ashes of plants contain all their salts, then rightly to know what salts are cliemiBtry, and confirmed by experience. Lenched ashes must never be used on wet soil, if wo want ikely to produce good effects as manure, we ,t8 alkali to act. The close wet soil, perhaps even should first study the composition of ashes. We iialf covered at times with water, excludes the air. earth, or we, losing the volatile parts of a plant, its mould and ammonia, by burning, collect its sal's as ashes. Let us see what these salts are made of. In the first place, you know, all salts are composed of an acid and a base. The bnses are. Potash and soda, liime. Magnesia, Clay, Iron, Manganese, Silex, or earth of flints. The acids are. Carbonic, or carbon uni- ted to oxygen. Phosphoric or phosphorus do. do. Sulphuric, or Sulphur do. Muriatic, essentially com- posed of chlorine. Now if we throw nut the carbonic acid, which has been formed in burning, we have left in ashes, three acids, which are united with the bases, and may form the following salts in plants, namely : ty have been defeated, such persons shall not j Glauber's salt, Epsom salt, common table-salt. ,y forfeit the premium which may have been arded to him, but rendered incapable of being er after the competitor for any of the Society's omiums. Members of the Society who shall have premi- 18 awarded to them, will be entitled, by a vote of ? Trustees, to an allowance of ten per cent, in dditicmtothe premiums mentioned in this bill. Any person having received a gratuity on any tide (except live stock,) shall be debarred from er receiving any premium on the same article. All persons (ladies excepted) not members of e Society, who take a premium of $5, and up- ird.<, shall receive a diploma of membership for 5, and the balance of said premium in cash. AH premiums not called for in a year, will be rfeited, and added to the fund? of the Society. WILLIAM PARKER, President. Moses Prig hard, Sec'ry. Remedy for Hard Milking. — Mr Kniskern, of nox, says that he has tried the plan of opening 18 teats of cows that milk hard, with a harness !r\, or a small penknife, as recommended in a for- er number of the Cultivator, by Mr Durand , and is by this means made a very good milking cow om one which could scarcely be milked before. -^Ib. Cull. Scotch Guano. — A plentiful deposite of tliis rich lanurc, it is reported, is found on some of the orthern islands of Scotland, which, probably, will upersede that hitherto brought from the islands in le }'acific. have in ashes a great variety of substances. They , -pi^g carbonic acid of air, that which alone extracts come from the soil. They form a part of plants. | (|,g ^||.j|| |yo,„ gpe^t^ghes, cannot here act.. There The dead plant returns them again to their mother j ^^ jj,,, other lesson to be learned from these facts, that It is chiefly the alkaline action which is want- ed frcmi spent ashes. Hence, no one who thus un- derstands the source, and the true value of ashes, will allow the alkaline portion to be first leached out, unless he can find a more economical use for it than its application as a fertilizer. Perhaps no fact speaks louder, that the great action of spent ashes is that of its potash, than this, that where we prevent that from being extracted, the spent ashes ate of little value. If, then, spent ashes de- rive iheir groat value from the potash, much more will unleached ashes derive their value from their potash. Now, reader, the point to which I have led you in these remarks, is this: that the more alkaline any salt is, the better is it for manure. Hence, aa a general rule about the use of salts, it may be laid down that the alkaline salts, that is, potash, pearlash, coniinon ashes, barilla ashes, white, or soda ash, are the best. And as these, in all their various shapes, are the cheapest and most common articles, so you need not run after a long list of other salts. Next in value to the real alkalies, are spent ashes, used in a light, porous, open, sandy soil, if you would derive the greatest benefit from them. Next to these comes peat ashes. You well know these are of no value to the soapmaker. But not so to you. They show only traces of alkaline power. 15ut treat them as you did spent ashes. Their power, independent of their bone-dust, which is by no means small, and their plaster, which is still greater, and their lime, which is perhaps the greatest, lies in the alkali, which is locked up, as it is in spent ashes. Treat them, therefore, as you did spent nshes, and then peat ashes will, and do afford, alkali. So too coal ashes, even your hard anthracite ashes, yield all the substances which spent ashes do. It is easily seen, therefore, when, how, and where, spent ashes, peal ashes, coal ashes, are most likely to do good. Perhaps we may not have a belter place to state the fact, that a cord of soapboiler's spent ashes contain about ,50 lbs. of potash. When we add to this, 1 17 lbs. of bone-dust, and about a ton and a half of chalk, or carbonate of lime, which acts chiefly on the soil, and so comes not now under considera- tion. It IS seen that there is no cheaper source of alkali and salts, to one within reasonable carting distance of a soapboiler, than spent ashes. 'I'hey are marl, bone-dust, plaster, and alkali combin- ed. (To be coniioued.) bone-dust, a salt of lime, and what we may term a bone-dust salt of iron, or phosphate of iron, plaster of Paris, or gypsum, copperas, alum, and some olli- er salts, which need not be enumerated. Our list comprises the principal, and those most likely to be used in farming. Well, now, the lesson to be drawn from this composition of ashes is tlii.s, that there is scarcely any salt occurring in commerce, which may not be used in agriculture, instead of those found in ashes. In fact, almost all sails which occur in a large way, as refuse materials from manufactures or olher sources, have been used, and all wilji greater or less success, as ma- nures. And if you cast your eye over the acids and bases of common ashes, this seems quite rea- sonable. It is not expected that a plain farmer, possessing little or no chemical know;^,^ge, should be able to tell beforehand, what th? effect of a salt would be, applied ti> his land ; but if he under- stands what the composition of ashes is, he may be sure that in any quantity in which the salt is likely to occur, it cannot be injurious, provided il is mixed up with plenty of mould, and a little ashes, or al- kali, which will kill or neutralize any excess of the poisonous acid. In ashes, we have one part which may be leached out, and a part which remains after leaching, called spent ashes. Let us see then in leachin<;, what parts we take away. First, we take away all ihe acids, except the phosphoric. Secondly, we take away nearly all the potash and soda. What is left ? The phosphoric acid, and all the bases. It is evident, therefore, that the strength of ashes can never be wholly leached out, if that depends! 332 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, APRIL 17, 184 For ilie N. E. Fanner. "REARING CALVES ON SKIM-.MILK." " Help me, Cassius, or I sink .'" Mr F.tHlor, — Had I well con^illeted the proba- ble effect of my rashness in challenging; opposition to the views advanceil by nie in a former communi- cation, against the practice of rearing calves on skimmed milk, I might, perhaps, have saved myself the nuirtification of being proved (?) a whimsical ihconst, by one who glories in being a veteran " Skim-milker" of " fifty years' experience." AJy temerity, I see plain enough, sir, has got me into ditficulty, — and I am undecided now, whether, un- der the influence of what the doughty Falstaff con- sidered "the better part of valor," it would not be the wiser course for tne to sliow the white feather at once, than attempt to summon courage and con- tend against such fearful odds. But when f reflect that my opponent avows himself " Jl Skim-milker" I can hardly find it in my pluck to yield to such a foe withiiul at least a show of opposition, though I am aware it is an encounter in which few laurels can be won, liowever spirited may be the combat. But, (as I before hinted,) in view of my opponent's '•fifty years' e.\p''ripnce" in raising calves (on "skim riilk") and his wife's in raising "babes" — (which matter i.-? incidentally connected with the question in consideration) — in view of these unfavorable circumstances, and my own vulnerable points, my first impulse was to retreat from the field, with all the show of dignity and courage, which silence, in certain cases, is said to indicate. But a truce to this skirmishing. "A Skim-milker" — {(he very yiame takes away all " stomach for the fight") — opens his battery upon me b_y the very mortifying assurance that my opinions were " not a little amusing to him" he ''having had fifty years' experience in raising calves" (on "skim-milk,") and I being " evidently little acquainted with the subject." Upon this I have only to remark, that if I have in any degree contributed to his amusement, I am glad of it. Men, at a certain period of life, have, sometimes, a sort' of childish passion for amusement; and it is possi- ble that such might be merely amused with that, which, with others, would excite reflection rather than mirth. (I hope this remark will not be taken as indicating irreverence fur age, as of that I am guiltless.) On my remark that the practice of rearin" calves on ''skim-milk" is "as unnatural as impolitic,"* and that " those who adopt it for present gain, do so, most likely, at the expense of future loss," he exclaims with emphasis, " ' Ahst likely^: if the writer knows any thing about it, why do n't he tell us wh: 4 4 >< It is understood that no person who has obtaii a premium at any previous Plowing Match, or ti of working oxen, can contend for the same or 1 premium, with the same oxen. No person sh be a competitor at the Plowing Match after has obtained the Society's first premium w XXII. NO. 42. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 335 TMKRMO.M ETHICAL. Kf [nirleiHor tlie New Gngtand FHririfr. [e'jf the riiei moinelerat iheliardeiiof ihe propriet \ew Knglaml Karmer, Brighton, M»d8. in n eliui riy nxposure, to (tie week ending April 14. •il, 1844. 1 7 A.M. 12,. M. |5,P.M. Wi.,.t. ■y. 8 44 60 64 E ay, 9 54 6S 55 N. ssday, lo 40 C6 6S IS. W. day, 1 1 48 54 44 i:. 12 .■!G 59 56 K. !av, 13 44 -6 76 !V. E. y, 14 Si 61 1 .94 N. \V. Mean full llood lid 43 a 45— Do 3-4 do 37 a40— Do.l-2do 1 33 a 35 -1-4 ainl common do 2R a 3'2 — Smyrna Sheep, I waslicil, 20 a Ji— Dn. unwiishcd. 10 a IS — lieii!;:isi do "■' I 6 aI3— yaxony, clean. 00— liueiios Ayres iiiipirked, 7 a 10 — \n\ do. do. jiickeil, 10 a 15— Snperline Nonheni polled lamli 37 a 40— No. 1 do. do. do. 32 a 35— No. 2 do ilo do 25 a 30— No. 3 do dodo 18 a 20. HOPS. Diilv 20 per cent. The sales by growers have heen at some reduction. Noth- ing of importance doing among dealers. 1st sort Mass. 1843, lb. 7 a 7j j 2d do 6 aOO. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern ScrewedSlo to 12. EGGS. 12 a 14. CO. iHTON MAUKKT.— Monday, April 15, IH44. Kepitrled for the N. K. I-'.irmer. Market 480 Beef Cattle, 40 pairs Working O.Ten, heep, and 940 Sivine. 140 Beef cattlB unsold. cEs.~- Beef Cattle. — Prices have again declined e reduce our quotations. Extra ,f5. First c|uality a4.,75; second quality $4 a $4,50; third qualily a $4. ■king Oxen —Sales, 70, 73, 85, 88, and $95. •p— Sales from $'i,50 lo $-3,75. A few cosset ers 5,50 a $G. nc. — Sales quick, hots to peddle 5 (or bows and barrows. Old hogs, 4, 4 1.2 and 5. At retail > to 7. WHOIiESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corvcdcd uilh great care, vteekbj. ;DS. Herds Grass, §2 00 to 2 25 per bushel. Red Top 05 cents, (.'lover — Norlhern. 1 1 to 12c.— Southern. 9 Kla.t Sced.'.SI 60 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. y Seed, S2 25 per bushel. A IN. The arrivals of Corn the past few days, exceed bushels. The market closes extremely heavy at ions, except for gooil mealing lots, which meet a re4- e at full prices. n — Northern, new, bushel 5S to 60 — Southern, round r, old, 00 a 00 — Southern flat yellow, new, 66 a 00 — 1. while 51 a 00— do New Orleans, 00 a 00— Burley 0 —Rye, Northern, 72 a 75— do. Southern, 69 a 70 — Southern, 30 a 32 — Northern do. 34 to 35 — Beans, per 1 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 00 a 0 0- Bran, 0. OUR. There has lieen for a day or two past more ;ss in the market for all descriptions, and (ew sellers nesee under S5 13, most of the lots offered at $5 12 be- ken up early in the week. Itimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. SO 00 a 5 00— do. ', SO 00 a 4 37 — do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 5 00 — Phila- ia rio. 4 mos. SO 00 a 4 87 — h^redericksburg, low I'd 4 84 87 a 4 94 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, OOOaO 00. ugeiown, S4 87 a 5 37 — Richmond Canal, S4 87 a 5 00 Ciiy, Soooaiioo— Petersburgh.Soulh side So 00 a 5 25 Country S4 37a5 00— Genesee, common, cash, S5 12 a - do fancy brands S5 25 a 6 37 — Ohio, via Canal, a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash 34 87 a 5 25. Rye, a 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. 32 87 a 3 00. OVISIONS. The transactions have been to a mod- extent, at former reported prices. ,f_MeBS 4 110. new bbl. S6 75 a 7 25— Navy— SO 00 a -No. 1, So 87 ••> 6 00— do Prime *5 00 a 5 50 — Pork— , clear 4 mo. bbl. S12 60 a 00 00— do Clear SI 1 00 a 12 00 Hess, 9 00 a to 00— do Prime $7 50 a 8 00— do Mess other States,— a do Prime do do SO 00 a 0 00 argo do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do 800 00 a 00 00- r, shipping, 15 a 18— do store, uninspected, 10 a 12 — do I IS els. a 211— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 6i a 7 —do I and Western, 6 a 6i — Hams, Boston, 7 a 74 — lern and Western, Cl a 0— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, t — do new milk, 4i a 5^. )0I.. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- lion shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 per cenl. al All wliereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per 1. val. and 3 els per pound. ere is no important change in the Wool market; de- i continues good and prices firm. The slock of coarse I has been somewhat increased by arrivals from Buenos 5, but most of those importations had been contracted efore arrival. me or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 45 a 50 c. — Amcr- POTTAIVATT.VMIE BEAN. The subscribers are happy lo inform their customers and friends that they have received a new ai;d superb variety of early BUSH BEA.N, of excellent flavor, and very prolific. It surpasses in beauty any variety now cnllivyled among us. The name of " Potiawatiamie" has been given lo it on ac- count of Its having been received from ihal tribe of Indians in Iowa, by whom it is cultivated. Price 37^ cents per quart. JOSEPH lUlECK & GO. Boston, April 17, 1844. SPLENDID FLOWER SEEDS. The subscribers have received the following choice Flow- er Seeds which they offer at 0 1-4 cents per package, except those marked otherwise. Extra fine German Asters, 8 varieties. Fine double Balsams (sorts.) Extra fine do I2J cents. Cosmos bipinnatus 12 " Campanula pulcherrima 125 cents. pyramidalis alba I2i cents. do azurea 12^ cents. Chinese Primrose 12^ cents. Cleofne Grandiflora 12^eenls. Didiscus cerulea 12^ cents. Erysimum Peroffskiana. Geraniums, from superb flowers 33i cents. Lupinus pollyphyllus 12i cents. var alba' 12J cents ■ rivularis 12i cents. Crookshanliii 12^ cents. splendens 124 cents. — odoratus I2i cents. Lophospermum Siandem 12i cents. MimuUis Hudsnnia I2i cents. cardinalis splendens 12J cents. Madagascar periwinkle i24cents\ Pentstemon Millerii 1 'J cents. hybridus 12i " gentianoides I2t cents. splendens 124 * " •Salpialossis, fine sorts 12^ " Schizanthus Hookerii 124 " obtusifolia. new white. humiius. pinnata. Portulacci Gi'esii, 25 cents. Phlox Drummondi 12^ " Verbena, fine scarlet, and from other choice sorts 12J cts. aublelia. urticifolia — With many other rare sorts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 19, 1844. FINE BONE MANURE. The subscribers have on hand. Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Hone .Manure, mixed with the marrow ot the lone. It was produced from amaqiifactory when the bone was saw- ed in a wet state. It must be a very valuable arlicle. Also, Filly Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- pally saw dust, and the refuse of a manulaclory. March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK &. CO. PINE PICOTEE PINK SBED. The subscribers have for sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved from the varieties of double Pinks which were exhibited by them at the Horticultural Rooms, and for which they oblained premiums the last season. This is pro- bably the finest seed of American growth ever offered for I sale. Price 25 cents per package. Also extra fine English j Picolee and Cainatioii seed at 12^ cents per package, i JOSEPH BRECK & CO. I Boston, March 6, 1844. MUCK MANUAl,. The Farmer's Muck Manual, by Dr. S. L. Dana- price 62 1-2 cents, lor sale by JOS. BRECK! & CO. Dec. II. JOSEPH BRBCK & NEW ENGLAND ■Agricultural IVureliouse AND s;<:ed store. 5l and 52 North Market Streel, Roslnn JOSEPH BRKCK & CO. having received a lull and gen- eral assorlmeiit of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW- ER SKEDS, worthy of cullivaiiim, confidently recommend ihem as being pure anil of the first qualiiies, unmixed with other varieties; they have no hesitation in saying that their collection oi" Seeds is the best, and of the greatest variety ever oflered for sale at any establishment in the U. States, and would invite all 10 send in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply themselves with the choicest va- rieties in good season lor the Spring planting. The following are a few of the most impoilant kinds which they offer wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Charllon, do. Frame, do. Warwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Woodibrd's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Dwarf, fur borders, Knights' Dwarf, Dwarf Marrowfats, Tall do. BEANS. Lima, Saba, Horticultural Pole, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberry Pole, While do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead, Late Sugar-loaf, Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early Vork, Batlersea, Va- nack, Ho))e, Early Sugar-loai, with a complete variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Tnrnip Beets, French Sugar Beets, Man gel Wurtzel, Ruta Baga, Long Orange, Early Horn and While Field Carrots, Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broc- colis of all sons, Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- jorum, Sage. Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than iweniy fine varieties. They have just received per Ship Minerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower SeeT'S, which together with an assort- ment of over (our tinndred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever ofli?red for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Green house Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots, and all Nursery productions furnished at one day's notice, and when requested, can be packed in mats and boxes, so as to be sent to Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terme with Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, wiih print- ed directions on each package for its managemeni and cul- tivation. GRASS SEEDS, At wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Glass, a first rale article for Lawns, ('lover Seed, Reft and White, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl Meadow. Northern and Soulhern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet, Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., &c., of the liest quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz : — 1000 Howard'3 Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2iio Common do. do, 2(10 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutlers, 50 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- table Cullers, CO Common do. do., 20O Hand Corn Mifls, 200 Grain Cradles, loo Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz Scythe Sionee, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do. loo do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patent Snaiths,2no do Common do, 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3i'0 do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do. Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do, 50 doz Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. .Agricultural Warehouse agd Seed Store, 51 } ■ -- ■ - " n. ? and 62 North Market Si reel, Boston. FRVIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every descriplion of Fruit Trees, and Ornamenlal Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable lime to transplant many Trees and Plants, and often times moie convenient than in spring We have as great a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- nes, Plum.a, Peaches, Quinces, Currants. Gooseberries, &c. as can be found in the country, and otTer them al the Inwes-l prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Bnslon. Oct. II. 1843 NITRATE OP SOIJA FOR A«ItlCUI.TURAl. PIlKPOSKS. BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named arlicle, which has been much approved of in England, and as far as used in this country has been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, 1844. 3m 336 NEW ENGLAND FARMER APBIL, 17, 1844 M I S C E t L A N E 0 U S Hard f^ttrslion to .Answer A western pape"" puts the riillowing: "Suppose a canal boat heads west-iior'-vvest a[id has the wind aheam, with a flaw coming up in tlie South : would tlie captain, according to maritime law, be justified in taking a reef in the stove-pipe without asking the cook ?" We should think it would depend a great deal upon what they had for dinner on board, says the New Orleans Picayune. Jlnother. — A travelling lecturer having stated that he was ready to answer any (juestion that might be asked him, a Kentuckian desired to know " how much it cost per week to ' paster' Nebuchad- nezzar during the time he was out to grass." Fashion in Spelling. — "Why, mother, almost every word in John's letter is spelt wrong. You 'd not have ine marry such a man, surely ?" " La ! child, I suppose that 'a the way they spell in the place where he lives. There are different fashions in spelling as well as in other things." "WARREK'S. GARDEN AND NURSERY, NONANTUM VALE, BRIGHTOy, FL6RAL SALOON AND SEED STORE, No 1 TREMONT TEMPLE, (late Tremont Theatre) BOSTON. The proprietor of I his estahlishmeiit is now ready i to receive a -d execute orders (or Fruit ; Ornamental sTrees ; Grape Vines; Shrulihery; Roses; Straw- berry Plants, &c. in any quantity and of the most valuable kinds at short notice, properly packed and secured tor transportation to any pari of the United States or Pro- vinces. The catalogue for 1844 which has been prepared with scrupulous care, contain a list of the choicest sorts of Pears; Apples ; Plums ; Cherries ; Peaches ; Apricots and Necta- rines ; Grape Vines ; Kaspberries ; Gooseberries ; Straw- berries ; Currants; Evergreen Trees and Shrubs ; Orna- mental Trees ; Herbaceous Plants; Roses; Green House Plants ; Dahlias, &c. A new feature has been added in the catalogue which renders it particular valuable tor purchasers who are desi- rous of improvino their orchards and grounds by planting only the most approved, superior and productive varieties. It is by colurians and abt'reviations, the meaning of which is explained under every diifereni kind of fruit, so that a large number of ihe most important cliaracters by which the dif- lereni varioiios are distinguished may be seen at a glance. While the list of fruits may not lie found so extensive as in some other catalogues, it contains every kind of value, and all new and improved varieties are added as soon as ihcir qualiiies are lesled. Nevertheless any variety that may lie ordered can always be supplied, on as reasonable te'ms as are afforded any other nurseries. The list of /?.4flLM.S' comprises upwards of 3i'0 of the choicest varieties of this gorgeous and splendid flower, most of them prize varieties. "Dry roots reaily for delivery early in the spring, and in pots from the middle of April to the 1st June. STRA WBERRJES of the most productive and best varieties, for sale in any quantity. None but healtliy and strong plants will be snfi'ered to leave the nursery. GRAFTS and .SC/OA'.S oC most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtain'-d in their season. GREEN HOUSE BLASTS, of all the rare and splen- did kinds, always on hand at the Saloon, where visitors are respeclfully invited to call. GRAPE VINES; ASPARAGUS, and other roots constantly for sale. Also, a great variety of choice GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEEDS, M ol this year's growth, and warranted fresh, genuine and true to their names. Agricultural, Horticultural and Botanical Books. Gardening Implements ; Flower Vases, &c. &c. The ■whole enumerated iu a new descriptive Catalogue, which will be given gratis on application. All orders for trees will be delivcr'>d at mie dav's notice. Every tree and plant ■will he warranted by the subscriber, as to its distinctive character and goodness. Boquets and cut flowers, can be obtained any day in the week at the saloon. Flowers furnished for decorations, at Thort notice. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN. April 3. ■WIIUSJIIP'S NIRSERY. HniGHTON NEAR H'OSTON, Situated on ihe line of the Boston and WorccslcrRail Road, 5 miles from the city. The season for transplanting is at hand, and all those who wish lo supply themselves with choice Fruit and ornanieiual Trees, can be lur- nislied at short notice with the finest varieties by the proprietors of this celetirated nursery. Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &c. Cnialogues may he obtainel by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safely in long voyages. Orders Isft at the New England Seed Store of J. Breck & Co. Nns.iSl & 32 North Market street, will be delivered the day following. Letters containing orders, addressed lo the subscribers, J. & F. WINSHIP. March 27, I8l4. CAMBRIDGEPORT NURSERY. Columbia Street. SAMUEL POND, NURSERYMAN, CAMBHIDGEPORT, 3IASS. Has for sale a choice assortment of fruit trees, shrubs, I ROOTS AND VINES. — Among them are the best varieties of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Grape Vines, Asparagus, Rhubarb, Currants, Gooseberries, Raspberries, Pear Stocks, Apple Stocks, &c. &c. i,-c. Trees of an extra size always on hand, and will be de- livered to any part of the city, free ot expense. Also scions of Pears, Plums and Cherries. FRUIT AND ORNMENTAL. TREES, &.C. s. & G. Hyde's nukseey, newton. The subscribers have for sale a choice collection of Fruit Trees, comprising the best varieties of Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Pears, Plums, &.c. Gooseberries, Currants, Raspberries, Grape Vines, and Uninces. Ornamental Trees' and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, Allheas, Pa?oiiies, Buckthorn, &c. All orders addressed to the subscribers wilt receive prompt attention. Trees packed to insure safety to distant places. S. & G. HYDE. Newton, April 3, 1544. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements h.ave been maile the past year in the form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould beard has been so formed as lo lot/ the Jyrrow completely oi^cr, turning in every •particle of grass or stubble, and leaving the ground in the best possible wanner. The length of the mould board has he n very much increased, so that ihe Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect In the holding and the team. The Committee at the late trial of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as lo which of the Ploughs we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to wcirk, try Prouty & Meats, but if your landis heavy, hard orrocl.y, BEGIN WITH Mr. Howard's.'' Al the above mentioned trial the Howard Plough did more iDork, with the same pcnrer of team, than any other plough exhibited. No other turned more than IwentyseveB and one half inches, to the ll'2 lbs. draught, while ihe Howard Plough turned ticentt/nine and one half inches, to the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially made. There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe, or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed without having lo furnish a new landside: ihis shoe likewise secures the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens the Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 toSl5. A Plough, sufficieut for breaking up with four cattle, will cost about *:o 60, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, S2 BO extra. The aliove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at the New Knaland Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. WILLIS' LATEST IMPROVED SEED SOW In using this maidiine, the farmer may be cutain his seed is put into the ground, and at the same in the best possible manner. There has been a ^ difficulty in machines for sowing garden seeds ; are very apt to clog up, and the farmer might go ovei acre ol land and not sow a single seed ; but not so i this ; it is so conslrucled that it cannot po.ssibly li In using this sower, the farmer ran save one ha his seed, and do the work at less ihan one quartei expense of the common way of sowing, and ha' done in a much better manner; it opens the fur drops the seed covers it over and rolls them do It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta I Mangel Wurtzel, Turnips, Carrots, Beets, I'.irsnips, ions, ^c. For sale nt the New England Agricul Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 North ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NONANTUM HILL,. NURSERY or WILLIAM KENRICK. Baldwin and other Apple Trees of fine s 10,000 Peach Trees, also of kinds superio of sizes fine ; Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, tarine Trees of kinds new or most highl ,.,. . , teemed. This nursery, by late extensions, now covers 30 aci ground. A large green house is now being added. Franconia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Currants Goosi ries, Strawberries — of kinds most approved. The den live Catalogue for 1843 will he sent to all who apply. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, and Honeysuckles; low Harrison and other Roses ; Tree and other sple< Pceonies of difl'erent colors. Also, Myall's Vicloriw other new kinds of Rhubarb, double Dahlias, &c. &c. All orders addressed lo the subscriber will be proi attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be sec packed in mats and moss for safe transport to all di places, and delivered iu the city by the wagon which hilher daily, or shipped to order, or per railroad. O may be lell with .loseph Breck & Co. 51 &. 62 North ket street, John G. Locke, Esq., or Eliphalet Wheeler, Framingham. WILLIAM KENRICK March 6. eptMl5 Nonanlnm Hill, Newt SCIONS FOR GRAFTING. Those who wish lo obtaiu Scions for grafting, are ren ed that this month is the lime lo cut grafts. It is imp< that orders should he sent during the month to ensuri cution, as il is impossible to keep a lud a^sorImcnt on We have a supply of the loUowmg, cut from bearing viz: ylMte— Baldwin, Greening, Roxhury Russet, P Hnhbardston, Nonsuch, and other varieties. Pears.- Bartlett, Seckle, Jargonelle, and other vai can be cut if ordered. Also, Plum and Cherry Scions. JOSEPH BRECK & CI Boston, March 20, 1844. \ GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERil Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollen moved with a foot treader, are louud lobe a great iiiip: ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones Slones in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and whtl used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be al ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale I BRECK & Co., No. 61 North Market street. NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in arfrance, or f 2 .''iJ ifnoi within sixty days. N. B. — PoetmaBters are permitted by law to frai subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, wi expense to subscribers. TDTTLE AND DENNETT. PRIKTEES. 21 School Sltree. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicdltobai. WAaEHOosE.) XAII.] BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 24, 1844. [NO. 43. N. E. F ARMER. ASCENT OP SAP IN PLANTS. Boston, April 16M, 1844. Editor of the New England Farmer: av Sir — The following experiment which I yesterday, may interest some of your read- My object was to ascertain the rale of ns- )f the sap in a gra.pe-vino, at different periods ay, and to exhibit to my piipils the propul- orcc which raises it in the stem of a plant. ril 151k, 1844. — The lowest branch of a -vine, having four branches, was cut off! and :n glass lube was attached firmly to the cut nily, by means of a strip of sheet India rub- ed with stout silk. The tube was fixed per- :ularly against the wall on which the vine •ained, and a pasteboard scale of inches was ed to the tube. ; sap began to be efliused immediately. , 2o A. M. Experiment commenced, and the fluid rose as follows : I " to I^ inch. ^ « 3 i " 5 I " 7 I " 8i P. M. 9 i " 10 " 10^ > " 14^ « 15 > " 17 ) " 19 " 20 ■ 21 ■ 26 for.' la not its rise due to the action of nieml'ra- nous partitions, just as takes place in the endos- mometer of Dutrochet .' Respectfully, your ob't sorv't, CHARLES T. JACKSON. ) I 'e the experiment stopped, for the sap had ;d the mouth of the tube. s experiment is worthy of trial on various at different times during the developement leaf-buds, and I hope others will be induced it. 3 evident that the sap forming the common ■){ plants, rises by a propelling force similar t which causes its rise in the tube of an en- meter. Dutrochet says it will sustain a col- f mercury 28 inches in height, .nnot at this time enter upon the discussion stions concerning the theory of the elevation sap in plants, beyond the expression of the n that it cannot be accounted for by capillary lioii nor by atmospheric pressure ; for, in the ise, we cannot by capillary attraction, ac- for the rise of the sap beyond the cut ex- y of the vine; and in the second, we cannot • ve how the pressure of the atmosphere could the case, where it is as great in one part as other, and where a vacuum cannot be pro. , on account of the porosity of the woody Even if a vacuum was efiected by the ab- >n going on in the buds, how could the as- i the sap beyond about 30 feet, be accounted For the New England Farmer. BENEFIT OF MIXING SOILS. Mr Editor — I was gratified with the communi- cation of L. Bartlett, Esq., on Sulphuretted Hydro- gen, in the Farmer of the 3d inst. There is no doubt but any mixture of soils, or any soil from a considerable depth brought to the surface, will act efficiently as manure, and in many cases very pow. erfully. Some 16 years since, I built a house, and the earth from the cellar was used for grading. The bottom dirt, which of course came on top, was a fatty blue clay, with a strong sulphur smell. At the east end it was proposed to have a garden, and I intended to haul on a covering of other earth, but other business prevented, and it was planted with cucumbers, squashes, &.C., which, much to my surprise, exceeded every thing else in the garden, and for the three years I occupied it, it maintained its superiority. A few years since, while walkinj; in the lower yard of the Maine State Prison, I observed a patch of corn, cucumbers, &c., growing so very rank as to induce me to ask the warden what was used for manure. He said, "Nothing — they were planted on earth dug from the bottom of the quarry by some of the convicts, and nothing else was put on them." This was a light yellow loam, lyin<' be- tween the joints of the lime-rock, and brought from a depth of 50 or more feet, and did not look as if any thing would grow on it. I have within a few years fertilized a mere clay bank, by bringing on soil from the road-side; and any mixture of soils of different qualities, so far as my experience extends, will improve the crops equal always to the expense incurred, and often much more. g. Kennebec Co., Me. MIDDLETOWN FARMERS' CLUB. From the report of the discussion on " Producing and Using Manures," at the second meeting of the Middletown (Ct.) Farmers' Club, published in the Conn. Farmer's Gazette, we make the following extracts : " Judge Coo remarked, that the right application of manure depe,nded,n^iich upon the nature of the soil. Heavy land would profitably bear a larger application at onqe, than a lighter soil. It was his opinion that the purchase of manure was rarely to be advised. That a farmer should depend prin- cipally upon his barn-yard for a supply, and the resources upon his own farm. A compost of turf ashes, mud, lime, &c., might soinetimes be made with advantage, for a top. dressing for grain or grass land. The best time and way to apply ina- nure to corn and potatoes, is in the spring, and be- fore it has fermented. It should be covered, but not deeply. It should be near enough to the sur- face to feel the influence of heat as well as mois. tore. In the management of a farm, the grand object in applying manure, as well as in arranging the crops, should be permanent improvement, and not merely the obtaining one great crop. The most valuable manure, according to his experience, is sheep dung — and pasturing by sheep is an ad- mirable method of iuiproving poor land. Judi^e Coe instanced a tract of land in his own possession, improved in this way two or three hundred per cent. He has found manure to be belter, much better, for being kept under cover until used. He thinks well of the efl'ect of ashes, and is satis- fied that dry ashes are the most economical. He had had a long and favorable experience in the use of plaster of Paris. It is most profitable in small quantities, and thoiigjit it best, for top-dress- ing, to apply it directly after mowinS- Had used it with advantage in the hill for corn and potatoes. It is not a preventive of the cut-worm, but tends to invigorate the plant and put it beyond the worm's reach. Judge C. thinks ^rass the most profitable crop raised, if land is adapted to it. Mr VVm. Plumb said he had made much use of lime, but with little or no advantage on his heavy land, while his light soil had shown a decided im- provement in consequence. Mr Charles Hubbard stated that dry ashes had the best effect upon his corn by applying them in the hole before the corn is planted — but said that a mixture of plaster and ashes was better than ashes alone." LIMA BEANS. To have a good vegetable garden, should be tho aim of every man — and woman too, who has the occupancy of a patch large enough to make one. Many people seem to think that vegetables are vegetables, and it matters not what is the quality if in quantity they do not fall short. We would remind sgch that some good things are a great deal better than some other good things — and amono- the best of garden vegetables we class the Lima bean. It is a tender plant, and needs careful cul- ture. Plant from the middle to the last of May: having the soil made rich and deep, cover slightly with fine mould, and set the poles at the time of planting. For succotash in summer or winter, there is no variety that can be compared with the Lima — Conn. Far. Gaz. Broom Corn.— Immense quantities of broom corn arc raised on the Connecticut river, in Alassa- chtisetts. It yields about 1000 lbs. of brush, and (lO to 70 bushels of seed to the acre. The brush sells for 5, and sometimes as high as 13 rents the pound, and the seed at .33 cents per bushel. Its cultivation is like that of the Indian corn. lb. Manure for Melons. — It is contended that hen- dung is equal to pigeon dung, in producing u large quantity aud fine quality of melons. — London Gard. Chron. 388 NEW ENGLAND FARMER APRIIi Hi, 184 MELONS. Amonij the fruit of this kind, t!iere is probably no class which is so universally a favorite as this. It is easily cultivated, and is always sure to bear Bomettiir.f.' ; onoiir;h to repay for the care bestowed. The two difficulties in the way of success, are these: to protect the plants from the attacks of insects — and drought. The striped rose-bug, as it is commonly callod, attacks the plants of the melon as soon as they show their first pair of leaves : they are usually tender, and if cut oft' at once, either kill or very much weaken the plant. Sprinkling with nshes, lime, or soot, has been much recommended ; but when the bugs are nu- merous, they cannot be kept olT in this way. Since last summer, I have had some very fine seed sent me, and with it the assurance, that sprinkling with sulphur is effectual against the striped bug — and that a little camphor-gum near the plants will keep off the pumpkin bug, wliich appears later, and sucks the juices from the vines. These two things I think worthy of trial. But the most effectual preventive is a small box with a pane of glass fur its top, which can be pressed down over tlie hill; this will bring the seed up quick, and be not only a protection against the bug, but will keep off cold winds and frosts, if there should be any. But it must bo taken off a part of every day, so that the plants may have air, and not come up too weak. After the third pair of leaves, they get so much advanced that the bug cannot well destroy them, and then the dusting with lime or sulphur will be beneficial. The best protection against drought, is to pro- pare the ground by manuring well with cow ma- nure, and plowing deep — twice before making the hills. The manure for melons should be old and light. The practice in some sections, where they raise melons fur market, is to make a hole for each hill about 18 inclies square, and the same depth, after the ground is well prepared ; this they fill in with rotten turfs, light manure and rubbish, well mixed together with the earth. Into this the roots of the melons run, and do not easily feel the effects of dry weather. The best melon bed that I have ever seen, was made by turning over in the spring a piece of turf ground, which was light and in good lieart. Four feet between the hills is little enougli for musk melons, and six for water melons. They want hoeing for the first three or four weeks often, and in the morning when the dew is on : after that, the surface should be kept clean and loose, so as to receive the small shovrers. A shoving hoe is best for this purpose, as it does not disturb the vines. Care should be taken to keep the seed pure, by planting different varieties at as great dis- tance from each other as possible. They will mix, too, with cucumbers, pumpkins, and so on. Melon seeds will retain their vitality for ten years and more, and are more productive than when fresh, as they do not run so much to vines ; it is therefore advisable, for a man who has a good kind of melons, to save as much of the seed the first year as he can, and pjant several years from that. The best varieties of the water melon are the Black Spanish and Imperial ; of the musk, the Nutmeg, when it can be gotten good, is the best — at leaft, I like it best. — IfesUrn Farmer and Gardener. From the London Gardener's Chronicle. AMERICAxV BUG. The following is from " Waterton's Essays on Natural History." After mentioning several inef- fectual applications, such as unctuous preparations, decoction of walnut leaves, spirit of turpentine, for destroying the downy white insect, or American Bug, on apple trees, the author says : " Despairing of success, I was on the point of quitting the field, and leaving the bugs in undisturbed possession of it, when I began to conjecture that I had not gone the right way to work. I reflected that none of the applications could have penetrated sufficiently deep into the curved and knotty sinuosities of the dis- eased parts, and that on this account there would be a sufficient force of the enemy left alive to re- commence its depredations at the first favorable opportunity. Wherefore I concluded that nothing short of the entire destruction of the eggs, the young, and the adult, could save the trees from ultimate ruin. Knowing that the bug could not exist if totally deprived of air, I resolved to bury it alive, and this I effected by an application at once the most easy and simple that can be imag- ined— it costs nothing. I mixed common clay with water till it was of a consistency that it could be put on to the injured parts of the tree, either with a mason's trowel or with a painter's brush. 1 then applied it to the diseased places of the tree, and it soon smothered every bug ; a second coat upon the first filled up every crack which showed itself when the Clay had become dry, and this resisted for a sufficient length of time the effects both of sun and rain. The sickly parts, now effectually freed from the enemy which had been preying on their vilals, were placed in a state to be cured by the healing process of nature, and that nature has done her duty, my apple trees amply testify." "THE FARMER OP MOUNT VERNON." Washington was passionately fond of agricu turc. Its improvement was ever with him an ob- ject of paramount regard. Virginia can boast of few sons to whom her agriculture has been more indebted ; few who have assisted in promoting its interests to a greater extent or with the manifesta- tion of a more ardent and patronizing zeal. The following account of his farming operations, will serve to exhibit the Father of his country in his true liglit. " The farm of General Washington at Mount Vernon, contained 10,000 acres of land in one body — equal to about 15 square miles. It was divided into farms of convenient size, at the dis- tance of 2, .3, 4 and 5 miles from his mansion house. These farms he visited every day in plea- •ant weather, aj:t^_v/as constantly engaged in mak- ing experiments for the improvement of agricul- ture. Some idea of the extent of his farming ope- rations may be formed from the following facts : in 1787, he had 500 acres in grass — sowed (500 bushels (if oats — 700 acres with wheat, and as much more in corn, barley, potatoes, beans, peas, &c., and l.')0 with turnips. His stock consisted of j40 horses, 112 cows, 235 working oxen, heifers, and steers, and .WO shoep. He constantly em- ployed 250 hands, and kept 24 plows going during the wliole year, when the earth and the stale of the weather would permit. In 1780, he slaughter- ed 150 hogs, for the use of his family and provi- sions for his negroes, for whose comfort he had great regard." — Maine Cull. For the N. E. Farmer. LIEBIG'S REMARKS ON SAUSSURE'S I PERIMENTS ON THE ABSORPTION A ASSIMILATION OF HUMUS BY PLAN Liebig observes that the plant in Saiissure's I experiment, "had not taken up a corresponc quantity of humus for each part of carbonat potash." The solution of humus contained at beginning of the experiment, 70 parts of hu carbonate of potash, composed of .'52 parts carl ate of potash, and of 18 of humus. At the en the experiment, "there remained 0 humus, H bonate potash, consequently it had absorbed 9 mus, and 41 carbimate potash.'' Now, contii L., " the plant ought to h.ive absorbed 14 par' humus with 41 of carbonate of potash ; with 1 carbonate of potash, only 4 parts of humus sh have remained. It is, therefore, evident, th separation of the potassa from the dissolved hi substance took place, which must have bren duced by the roots of the plant; they Iiad ti up the salt of potash, and left the humus in tin maining liquid." On the second experiment of Saussure, (se E. Far. 10th inst.,) L. remarks, that the liquid, trnry to that of the first, was deeper colored a end, than at the beginning. •' The fluid conta ^Jj of humic carbonate of potash," yet, wiih excessive dilution, " the coloring substance not pass over in equivalent proportion with potash into the plant, but was left behind." In the third experiment, the reader will havii served that a solution of extract of mould, wii: a plant, was placed beside that containing n pi also that the liquor of the first, gave at the of the experiment, O.UOOC of a grain of tes while the last afforded 0.5082. The fact of rf pearance of humus, therefore, L. does not ques He admits that, and also the experiments of £ sure proving the evolution of carbonic acid moistened humus, or its alkaline solution, and remarks on the 1st experiment of Saussure, " it remains perfectly undecided under what the y parts of humus, which had disappeared, been taken up." On this point he adopts, or er advances, a twofold explanation, at one timi ferring it to carbonic acid, and at another, ti salts of mould- "This aqueous extract of n contained, however, according to the examin of De Saussure, nitrate of potash and soda, as as chloride of potassium and chloride of calc substances which are very easily absorbed b_i roots of plants. It is evident that these so sails passed into the plant in a manner preci similar to tlie absorption of the carbonate of ash, described in the previous experiment;! the diminution of weight, which the soluble co nent parts of the fluid (in which the plant v tated) sustained, finds, in this circumstance, a fectly satisfactory explanation." II the reader recurs to the question asked I in his "summary," (see N. E. Far. of 17th i why Saussure had taken no account of the i| ence of the atmosphere, f the plant, this occurred in another way. action of air, on the e.\tractive of mould dia- ed in water, is limited by the absorption of ox- n ; carbonic acid is formed, which remains dis- ed in the solution, and a brown or black 3sit of the oxydated humus, as it is called, is sratcd. The formation of carbonic acid and deposit go on independently of each other ; in the fluid which contains the root.", the car- ic acid formed is perpetually removed. It can- contain either free carbonic acid or free 0x7- , simply because both are absorbed. In the •r arrangement, then, all the conditions are ent fur allowing the air to act continually on organic matter contained therein," (ere, attain, we find Liebig ascribing the disap- •anca of the humus to the formation and absorp- of carbonic acid. If he so thinks, the only ition at issue is, the assimilation of the disap- ■ed humus. On Liebig's view, this can no ;er be a question. The fundamental of his rine is, the assimilation by plants of the carbon arbonic acid. This last is the only source of carbon of plants, says Liebig. On this ques- of assimilation, we will present the views of ssure in your next paper — remarking now on e assertions of L. above quoted. St. It has always appeared singular that Liebig never offered experimental proof of the sound- I of his own views of the action of mould. We e now his reason : he believes all Saussure's eriineiils incapable of a definite result. If, 1, the amount of humus absorbed by roots can- be ascertained, neither can the amount of car- ic acid so absorbed, be defined. L.'s rea- ing is, therefore, equally conclusive against his I vievs, so far as the roots are concerned. !d. Liebig states in his Agricultural Chemistry, d C'linibridge edition, pp. US, (!7 — " Each new icle fibril which a plant acquires, may be re- ded as constituting at the same lime a mouth, g, and a stomach. The roots perforin the func- I of the leaves, from the first moment of their inatiun. A plant gains another mouth and macli with every new fibre of root." This doc- \e is decided. Il is explicit. Consequently, amount of carbon absorbed, either as carbonic 1 or as humus, by the roots, must be dependent the developeiiient of the plant. What reason, n, has L. to assert that a growing plant will orb in 100 days the same proportional quantity las in 14? His own doctrine teaches us to ex- t a ditferent and increasing quantity. Id. The assertion that humus is insoluble in ter, because our springs and brooks are color- 3, is refuted by common and every-day observa- The most casual observer sees brooks and jrs deeply colored by vegetable matter. Rain- ier is highly charged with it. In these cases, xists dissolved. The most colorless water, al- y holds dissolved in it organic matter in some pe, in some form of humus or mould. All nat- 1 waters have this common character. It can- , be gainsaid. No argument, then, can be rea- iibly drawn from this source, against the doc- le of Saussure. S. L. D. Lowell, April 18, 1844. From the Maine Farmer. USE OP LEACHED ASHES AS MANURE. Dr. Holmes — Having read with a good deal of interest the communication of Mr Stetson on this subjoct, in No. 0 of your paper, I have thought that possibly some one of your numerous subscri- bers may be interested, and perhaps profited by the "relation of my experience." Twelve years ago, some timo in the month of June, I turned over a quarter of an acre of green sward, for the purpose of raising a crop of riila bagas. My manure had been so nearly " used up" for other crops, that, by close scraping I was able to get but one cart-load ; to this I added one load of leached ashes — probably about .30 bushels. This formed a dressing for the piece, scanty as it was, and it produced a fair crop of turnips. The next year, the land adjoining was broken up, and the whole planted to corn. This piece of ground has been treated over since exactly in the same manner as that on each side of it, and in every crop, except the first corn crop, there has been a perceptible difference in favor of the piece on which the ashes were put ; anJ the last season, a greater ditference than ever before. The field had been mowed so long aa to be what we term " bound out," that is, producing nothing but spear grass, except on this quarter of an acre, which had twelve years before received the dressing of leached ash. es; on this there was a crop of red and white clo- ver, very thick, but short; the contrast with the adjoining parts of the field was so great as to be distinctly seen at the distance of half a mile. It was the opinion of the man who assisted me in haying, that this quarter of an acre produced three times as much hay as an equal piece on either side of it, and in his opinion I fully concur. The land is high and gravelly. Now, Mr Editor, I have a two-fold object in making this communication thus particular — that- those who leach ashes may not suffer them to be washed away as valueless, and that the experience of others may be elicited. I should not do well to close this communication without expressing my thanks to Mr Stetson for his article on this subject. I recollect that some years ago, I planted a piece of potatoes on land upon which leached ashes had previously been pretty freely used, for raising turnips. The pota- toes were very scabby, but it never occurred to me that ashes produced that eS'ect, till I road Mr Stet- son's communication. I have no doubt of it, and shall be able to avoid a like occurrence. Will some one tell us what fertilizing property is left in ashes after the alkali is exhausted.' In the case which I have elated, the twelve years' leachin" must have been sufficient to get out all the pota'eh. N. FOSTER. East fVinihrop. ^[^j'Wa would suggest to friend Holmes, of the Maine Farmer, that if he would copy into his pa- per the section of Dr. Dana's Essay published in our last number, he might furnish his correspon- dent some information on the subject of his ques- tion. Dr. Dana says, (Essay, p. 34,)—" In ashes, we have one part which may be leached out, and a part which remains after leaching, called spent ashes. Let us see then in leaching, what parts we ! lake away. First, we take away all the acids ex- cept the phosphoric. Secondly, we take away nearly all the potash and soda. What is lefi ? The phosphoric acid and all the bases. It is evi. dent, therefore, that the strength of aslies can nev- er wholly be leached out, if that depends upon the salts. In spent ashes we have nearly all the bone- dust left ; and besides this, a portion of what is usually considered the real strength, that is, the potash. This is chemically united to certain of the other constituents of ashes. I'ou cannot leach it out, leach you never so long." AMMONIA— IMPORTANT SUGGESTIONS Dr. Lee, of Buffalo, one of the editors of the New Genesee Farmer, (who, in addition to much scientific learning, has the advantage, as he states, of having been " bred a farmer,") in an article on charcoal as an absorbent of ammonia, remarks : " When 1 stated, in the January number of the Farmer, that twenty years' experience had taught me the great value of cliarcoal to absorb the fer- tilizing ingredients in urine and manure, I publish- ed a fact of considerable importance to the practi- cal agriculturist. Let any one take an old barrel that will hold water, fill it with pounded coal, place it under his wood-shed, and empty his chambers into it, until the coal is saturated with human urine. Not a particle of ammonia, pr of any offensive gas, will escape till the coal is saturated. Then apply this substance in the quantity of a tea-eiipfuU to a hill of corn or potatoes — in the hill. " Dissolve one fourth of n pound of sal. ammo- niac, which will perhaps cost 6 cents, in two quarts of hot water, and when reduced to blood-heat, put two quarts of seed corn into it to soak. Let it re- main eighteen hours, then plant in a row by itself, after il has been rolled in plaster. (I have soaked some in urine with good effect.") If ammonia is of such great use in promoting the growth of plants, as has lately been claimed for it, it seems to us that the above suggestions — particularly the first — if put in pratice, would de- monstrate contlusively the value of this gas as an aid to vegetation. We would esteem il a favor if some of our readers would test the above sugges- tions the present season, and give us the results. A half barrel, or vessel of less size even, might be used to put the pulverized charcoal in, if it be desi- ! rable to saturate a quantity in a short time, or be- fore planting time arrives. The coal should not be used until it is certain that it is thoroughly sat- urated,— and this, according to Dr. Lee, may be ascertained by the smell : thai is, no off^ensive odor will arise until the coal is fully saturated. JVitrate of Soda for Strawberries. — The propor- tion in which nitrate of soda has been successfully applied to strawberries, is three ounces to the square yard, sprinkled regularly over the surface of the bed, just as the plants begin to grow. Although it may injure the foremost leaves, the succeeding ones will soon put forth with redoubled vigor. — Card. Chron. Valuable Salve Take three carrots and grate them i place in a vessel and cover with lard, with- out salt. Boil thoroughly, strain, and add suffi- cient beeswax to make a paste. This is a most invaluable ointment or salve, for cuts, burns, scalds, or wounds of any kind. — Sat. Cour. The weekly average of deaths in London for the last five years is stated at 94(3. 340 NEW ENGLAND FARMER APRIIi 34:, lS4j From the Magazine of Horticiiliure. GUANO— ITS ACTION ON THE GROWTH OF VARIOUS PLANTS, FRUITS, &c. I have already stated that I had numerous ex- perini'int? in progress which were destroyed by fire : as there is no prospect of my resuming them at present, 1 will offer a few ideas upon which sev- eral of them were based, in order that those who have leisure may pursue them. The ultimate object of vegetable life appears to me to be the production of seed. To this purpose, and to accumulate the properties and ingredients for the formntion and perfection of this seed, the root, stem, leaf and flower are devoted — each per- forming its destined gradual part, until by their united efforts, brought into action by soil, Hglit, heat and moisture, this object is attained ; exterior vegetable action then declines until another sea- son. Experiment has shown that plants grown on mere sand, with the assistance of water, will throw out stem, leaf and flower, nay even the forms of seed, but these will be mere integuments, empty vescicles or little bladders ; — also, by constantly stimulating, with peculiar manure, we can throw plants into such uninterrupted luxuriance of shoots and foliage, that often the flowers, and more often the seeds, do not appear within the limits of the season. Combining these views with others on the production of double flowers, and with some suggested by various experiments on guano, it seems highly probable that certain manures are particularly conducive to a luxuriant growth of stem and foliage, while others are peculiarly so to the production of numerous and well filled seeds. As it would be impossible for me, at the present moment, lo develop all my ideas and experience on this subject, I will endeavor briefly to elucidate it by a supposition, which, like those in algebra, may or may not be near the truth. Suppose the nitrogenous (ammoniacal) and alka- line (potash and soda) manures to be those chiefly instrumental in producing stem and foliage, then nitrate of soda will be valuable for this purpose; and if the soil itself contain the ingredients of the seed in a fit state for absorption, the plant thus thrown into a state of luxuriance, will be enabled to draw from it sufficient lo make plenty of good seed. But if the soil in itself contains them very sparingly, then this excess of stem and foliage, al- though containing a quantity of nitrogenous and palatable food for cattle, will be deficient in rich seed. Now we know that phosphate of lime and of magnesia, with sulphurous compounds, exist in all seeds useful to man and animals — these, how- ever, do not form part of nitrate of soda and pot- ash, hence the latter can only assist the plant in extracting them from the soil. Suppose, secondly, we use a manure combining the nitrogenous principles in tho shape of urates, &',c., with the alkaline phosphates, sulphates, mu- riates, &c., then even on the poorest soil, while the ammoniacal portion is performing its ofl!ice of causing luxuriance in foliage and stem, the ingre- dients of tlie seed are ofl^ered in abundance to the root. This is exactly the predicament of guano — most of the salts in which are soluble in water — and those which arc not, such as the phosphate and oxalate of lime, become so when combined near the roots with the carbonic acid furnished by the humus, as well as by other portions of the manure. The use of a solution of guano in water, is therefore good, when the seed is not required ; but where it is, the deprivation of the insoluble phos- phate of lime is very injurious. Hence, from the proper use of guano, a luxuriant vegetation is followed by the production of a large crop of fine seed. As a farther elucidation of my views, I will state that the manure made use of for the purpose of producing double flowers, is the highly nitrogenous stable manure, which is used in such quantity as to prevent the roots from coming into contact with that part of the soil containing the ingredients of the seed : this manure being then chiefly favorable to the production of foliage alone, if continued through many generations, will, by degrees, convert the stamens, pistils, and the parts destined by nature to prepare tlie seed, into leaves or petals, and finally obliterate the seed. These flowers, if grown in a poor soil, scarce in ni- trogenous substances, will again, as is well known, revert to their normal single seed bearinn- state. Several of my experiments with guano proved to me that it shortened the internodes, or portions of the stem between each leaf: this was particularly evident in seedling orange and lemon trees, and is a sure indication of fruit or seed bearing: indeed, the spurs, which are well known as the fruit-pro- ducing parts of many trees, are but shortened branches, where the internodes are reduced to a mere nothing, and where, consequently, the axilla- ry action is concentrated into a small space. I havo, therefore, no doubt of the beneficial action of guano on fruit trees. Many experiments are, however, yet desirable. Such as whether guano acts beneficially on tlie receptacle of the seed, which is the fruit of the strawberry or raspberry ;* whether on the extoriar covering of the seed, which is the apple, peach, plum, &.c. ; or on the kernel or nut, or on the pulpy envelop of the seed, as the gooseberry, grape, melon, gourd, &c. I hope that these ideas will give rise to numerous experiments this year, and that those who make them will not hesitate freely to communicate them for the general beneht. I will merely add farther, that I should consider it advisable, in all experiments on fruits, to try both the guano itself as well as a weak solution of it in water. It is highly probable that the solution will be efficacious where the receptacle or the ex- terior of the seed is most valuable; whereas in corn, peas, beans, &.C., those phosphates which are insoluble in water, and are very necessary, would ba thus lost to the plant. At another period I may possibly resume this subject, as it seems to me that these ideas open new views on the physiology of plants, and cer- tainly show of how much importance it is for those who study this subject, to become better acquaint- ed, from personal observation, with the action of the sdils on vegetable life. It is from the want of this knowledge tliat the greatest errors have been proposed and propagated as truths, by scientific men. Yours, J. E. TESCHEMACHER. Boston, March, 1844. *Mr T. requests us lo correct an error here, which oc- curred ill the haste of composition. The fruit of the raspberry is represenled as the receptacle: he iniended to invite attention to tins fruit as being a specimen of tlie berry, (acinus.) — Eb. FiR. When we take people merely as they are, we make them worse ; when we treat them as if they were (vhal they should be, we improve them, as far as they can be improved. — Goithe. DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES Section Thirteenth. Manures Composed chiefly of Mould. These are of vegetable or animal origin. A first, of animal mould. Here we shall find tliat come perhaps better prepnrnd to undprstand t part of our subject than either of the precedi classes. We have explained the principles whi enable us to understand why it is that animal a vegetable substances produce, by decay, idcnti matters. Tho only difference consists in the qui tity of these matters. Let me here, reader, call your remembrance the facts we stated respect the two classes of food, and the two classes of si stances formed from that food by animals. A c tain portion of that food contains none cf t principle which forms ammonia. This portion food makes fat. Another porton of food conta the substance which forms ammonia. This f of the food forms flesh and blood, and tha ol parts of the body, skin, hair, feathers, bristles, wi horns, hoofs, nails and claws, thews and sine Now, when a body dies and decays, the mo which it forms will be rich manure, or poor i nure, just in proportion as it contains more or 1 of the substances formed out of that poriioi food which furnishes flesh and blood. The therefore, in animal mould, plays a very infe part lo that acted by the flesh and blood. It word, as I wish to dismiss the fatty matters fi our present consideration, I may do this, reai by stating to you all that you need know, thai decay, fat forms chiefly carbonic acid. If, thf fore, you call to mind what we have said about action of that, you will see how fat acts in i nure. But the flesh and blood, and the siibstan formed from it, give precisely the same things vegetables do when they decay, that is, wa mould and salts. The great difl'erence betw. the decay of animal and vegetable matters, is tl that as the animal bodies are far richer in the s stance which forms ammonia, so they affon richer source of manure. Tho animal body c tains that element, in quantity enough, not onlj fill the pores of its own mould, but also enough impregnate a large quantity of mould from ot sources. The vegetable body, on the contri contains scarcely enough ammonia to fill its c mould. Vegetables differ in the quantities of elements of food which can furnish fiesh i blood, and hence those vegetables are best for i nure which furnish most ammonia. We have ready remarked on the difference, in this respi between straws, grasses, and clover. But with going further into this comparison, which can hi no other practical bearing than to show you immense difference in value, in animal and ve| table bodies, in forming manure, we may here solve the subject into one great principle. 1 substance which forms flesh and blood, whet derived from plants or animals, alone forms ami nia during their decay, and the mould thence a ing, is rich or poor manure, just in proportion a contains the substaiic^e fit to form flesh and bio Starting from this principle, we find that anil substances, as flesh, fish, fowl, the body genera including its various forms of covering, hair, wi feathers, nails, hoofs, horns, claws, &c., afford, the process of decay, about ten times more ami nia than the straAvs and grasses tisually enter into the compost heap. The animal bodies give more volatile alkali tl roi.. xvn, NO. 43. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 341 r mould can contain. It is ^iven off in such ititv tliat (iecny is rapidly hastened. All the 9 of putrefaction, therefore, rapidly take plnce. qii.ititity of mould being small, nothing holds volatile purls — they escape and are lost. Now, moil sen.-^e and practical foresight have stepped ere, from time iinmeniorial, and taught mankiiid necessity and the utility of preventing the ce of the volatile and most valuable parts of decaying animal substances, by covering them itii eailh, soil, &,c. These imbibe the escap- virtue or strength, and become rich and fer- ing. It remains to stale, that every pound of lal carcass can impregnate ten pounds of vege- 2 mould ; or, taking our arable soils as they .Uy occur, one pound of flesh, tish, blood, wool, I, &c., can fertilize three hundred pounds of men louin. ou will see, therefore, reader, how little you ! now lo learn of the necessity of saving every g in the shape of animal matters, and convort- them to nianure, by turning them into your post heap. It is to be remarked, that the dry is of animal Bubstances undergo the process of ,y very slowly, when left to their own action, jl, hair, t^ncks, horn-shavings, &c., or even her chips and curriers' shavings, bear long ex- ire, and seem quite indestructible. They yet rich in all the true virtue of manure. They t something to bring this out, to set them a king, to bring on fermentation. Well, on this 1 wo may lay down two rules ; the first is, that tried atiiong a heap of fermenting matter, that miinicates a similar change to these dry, ani- substnnces. This is slow work. The second is, that if these dry matters are buried in the among the roots of growing plants, then these more powerfully than termentation, and the dry stances are converted to manure with a speed ch may be called quick, compared to the fer- iting process. "he practical lesson to be drawn from these erences of action between the fleshy and horny ts of animals, is, that when you want a quick short action of manure, to use the fleshy and d parts : where you want a more slow and per- lent action, to commence and long last after the t is over, to use the dryer and harder parts. f now we turn to the other division of mould, I from vegetables, we find it lacking in the very ig wliich was superabundant in animal mould, at thing is volatile alkali. The great mass of retahie mould is always impregnated, but al- ys slightly charged with volatile alkali. There liot enough of the flesh and blood forming ele- int in vegetables to hasten the decay of vegeta- matter, or to convert them after decay into rich nure. Now here, again, not science, but prac- il common sense steps in, and did step in long ), and as she taught mankind the necessity of ling soil or mould to the decaying animal mat- , so here, to enrich vegetable mould, she teaches t animal matter, or that which is its representa- s, alkaline salts, must be added to vegetable uld, to make it actiV'!. It is not the mould alone ich plants want. We have seen all along how ;ure provides a certain amount of salts in her gin mould : we by cropping e.xhaust these faster n the mould. We have tons of that, yet our Ids am barren. They want, as has been ex- ined, salts. [Concluded in our n«t.] For the Mew England Fanner. TMK WART ON PLUM TREES. Mr Hrfck — Sir — The disease called the ' wart ' in plum trees, is, I believe, generally ascribed to an insect. This ascription is doubtless correct, but there are some facts connected with the pro- gress of this disease, for the existence of which none of the theories advanced — not even except- ing that of the ■' Insectarians," is adequate fully to account. I have noticed that of many trees standing in a certain lot, not a single unproductive tree has been injured or cvin attacked by this disease; while of the residue, not an individual has escaped. On another lot, four trees, in cultivated soil, have been ruined after a course of several years' bearing ; while in a green-sward yard, on the same premi- ses, and within six rods of the former, four trees are standing which have for years been unproduc- tive, and also unharmed by the disease. The lat- ter have uniformly blossomed abundantly, but have cast unripe fruit, — one for a period of nearly thirty years, and the reinainder for about ten or twelve. The general appearance of these trees is, neverthe- less, heallhy, and the bark smooth, and free from schirrous protuberances, wounds and moss. Can any one explain ? W. PREPARATION OF CLOVER SEED. We have received two communications from Jo- seph Warbasse, of Newtown, N. J., on his mode of preparing clover seed for sowing, by which the writer calculates he makes a saving of one-half he seed required. Mr Warbasse's process seems to be predicated on the assumed fact, that ordina- rily more than one-half of the seed sown does not germinate, either from the want of moisture to swell it, or of gypsum, the presence of which he considers essential to stimulate the germinating principle. Mr Warbasse is probably right in say. ing that one-half the clover seed sown does not come up ; and he is strengthened in his supposi- tion that much of it remains dormant in the soil, by the fact he states, and which is of common no- toriety, that plaster sown upon light lands, will bring in clover, where no seed is sown at the time. Mr Warbasse's remedy for the evil is, to saturate and swell the seed thoroughly in soft water, to which a small quantity of salt is added, and after it has become well saturated, to coat it with gyp- sum, &c., the efl'ects of which seem to be to pre- vent the escape of moisture which the seed has imbibed, and thus insure its germination and growth A further advantage may be, that the salts impart fertility to the soil which comes in im- mediate contact with the seeds, and causes a more vigorous growth. Such seems to be the philoso- phy upon which Mr. W.'s practice is founded. Wc give the process of preparing the seed in his own words : " The seed is to be made thoroughly wet with a strong pickle from your pork cask ; let it remain in a heap one day ; then spread it about one or two inches thick on a dry floor, and in a few days a crust of salt will be formed on each grain. When you wish to sow it, moisten it again with pickle, spread it over a floor, and put on about three quarts or more of plaster to a half bushel of seed ; mix it well, and keep it moist in a cellar until you sow it." — Yankee Far. SELECTIONS From the London Hardeners' Chron. (f Jie;rirul. Gaz. To CoRRKSi-oNPENTS. Vines. — " R. W." — The check which takes place at the extremities of your vine shoots after the latter have grown from G to 12 feet, is probably occasioned by want ot sufti- cient moisture at the roots. Onion*. — " A Subscriber." — Guano is an excel- lent manure for onions. To a bed 20 yards long and 4 feet wide, you may apply 25 lbs. It being of a hot burning nature, must be well mixed with six or seven times its bulk of good light soil. The onions may he sown in drills, about nine or ten in- ches apart, drawn lengthwise of the bed. Jhparagus. — For manure, guano mixed with sea-salt, and applied in a liquid form, has proved most beneficial. Temperature for Cucumbers in Hot beds. — A thermometer plunged into the mould of the bed, about three inches deep, should indicate 80° of heat, which is a safe temperature for the plants. firuit Trees. — "Abdalon." — Your npple.» and pears are for the most part subject to canker They are old varieties. Your soil has doubtless its share in causing the disease ; but you had better get new kinds. If you cannot procure rich loamy soil, the sward of any soil will certainly prove beneficial. We would still advise you to cut away all unsound wood. Lime will bo best ap- plied in a quick state, early in spring. It should be spread over the surface of the ground, and dug or forked in so as not to injure the roots. Jlnalysis of the Raspberry. — The following is the analysis of the raspberry, which I extracted from some work, but the authority I neglected to note down : Silicic acid, 0.25 Phosphate of lime, 3.65 Carbonate of lime, 3.40 Potash, 5.24 Soda, 0.50 Ox. manganese, 1.00 14.04 It was stated that the raspberry most generally springs up where fields had been burnt over, and also by the sides of decomposing stone walls. — )f. P. Keane. " Ought Potatoes to he Cut or Planted Whole ?" — I am in the habit of planting five or six acres of potatoes yearly, and for the last two years I have planted the greater part with whole potatoes, and find they produce as good crops as cut seed, with this great advantage — I have scarcely a potato that misses growing ; whereas with cut seed, I have often had a great loss from dry rot. When taking up the general crop, I pick out for my seed potatoes those of a uniform size. I plant in rows two feet apart, and one foot apart in the row, and have had exceedingly good crops. — .4. C. Horn- castle. Beware of little expenses- sink a great ship — franklin. -a small leak will Truthful Sentiment. — We live in the midst of blessings, says a late writer, till we are utterly in- sensible of their greatness and of the source from whence they flow. We speak of our civilization, our arts, our freedom, our laws, and forget how large a portion of all is due to Christianity. Blot Christianity out of the page of man's liistory, and what would our laws have been .' wiiat our civili- zation ? 342 NEW ENGLAND FARMER ARVllL.Zi,lfH ANn HORTICULTURAL RRGISTER. Sdlted 1)y Joseph Breck. Boston, Wednesday, April 24, 1844. STATE SOCIETY'S CATl LE SHOW, &c. We are gralififiil to learn tlial the Massachusetts Soci- ety for the Promotion of AgricuUure have decided to hold a grand Cattle Show and Exhibiiion of Agricultu- ral Implements, Dairy Products, &c., at Worcester, on the Oil) and IDth of October next. We shall probably be able to give the list of premiums in our next number. The well-directed efforts of this Society for the encour- agement of agricultural improvement, will, we hope, be as successful as they are praisewortliy. SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF CLOVER, &c. The sudden appearance of clover and other plants in places where ihcy have not for a long period appeared before, is an occurrence which has been often noticed, and excited much wonder. Cases oftliis kind (if^'e do not mistake,) were mentioned in the article on " Sulphu- retted Hydrogen," by L. Bartlelt, Esq., published in a lale number of this paper. It is a well-known fact thai after the clearing of woodland, species of plants often appear, of which no traces had been seen tor many years previously, if ever. That clover reappeais in fields where it had not shown itself (or a long period before, may be, and is, a some- what curious circumstance, but not at all inexplicable, if it be known that it ever had existed in the same place ; for, seeds excluded from the influence of air and fructi- fying agencies, will often lie dormant for an almost in- credible period of time, and of a sudden shoot forth with their wonted vijjor. Seeds found in sealed vases exca- vated at Herculaneuin, readily vegetated upon being planted, though they had lain there for centuries. In unrolling an Egyptian mummy at the British Museum, a few years ago, seeds of wheat were found, and plant- ed ; and though some thousands of years old, they vege- tated and matured their products. To suppose that any species of vegetation could be rpoiitaueoushj generated in a soil, would be absurd ; since in order that such a circumstance should occur, the laws of Infinite Wisdom must be altered; and never, since llie Omnipotent spoke creation into birtli, institu- ted the p)slem of nature, and '* pronounced it g<'od," has any such deviation from its principles occurred, to the knowledge of man, as the production of a plant toitkout the agency of a pre-existent germ. It is estab- lished— and finite power cannot change it — ihat causes shall precede effects, and that the attainment of all ends depends upon the exercise ol certain j/reseribed means ; and the spontaneous generation of a plant is as absolute- ly impossible as the spontaneous generation of a race of animals. Robert Owen, the infidel, remarked to John Randolph, that he might live to See the lime when the principle of vitality would be discovered, and human life be perpetuated ; and in support of tins probabilily he observed — " Do you not know that in Egyjit, by arti- ficial heal, the people create thousands of chickens.'" " Yes," replied Randolph — " but pray tell me where do they get the eggs? Show me the man who can lay an 'gg, and I will admit the force of your illuslralion.'' Not less marvellous would be the production of a plant without the af;ency of a pre-exislenl germ, than the production of a chicken without the agency of an egg. That there is something mysterious, to human com- prehension, in the appearance of plants in some cases. unknown to have existed before (or certainly not for a great length ol time) in the same place, we do not deny ; and the fact furnishes an interesting subject for study to the inquisitive mind ; hut to account fur it by spontane- ous generation, is to impute mutability or inconsistency to nature's laws, — and this — to call it nothing worse — is the height of presumptuous folly. Much as has been learned of the mysteries of vegeta- ble physiology, within the htsl half century, there is a vast deal more that is mystery still, and which baffles the penetrating vision of science. And the same is true of animal physiology. Tfie mysterious processes of di- gestion, formation of the blood, &c., have not yet been discovered, nor — as another has observed — " hardly a plausible conjecture offered " in their explanation. " When man is able by any artificial process, to form one drop of blood, to compact one ounce of bone, or to form or color a single flower or leaf," then, and not lill then, will he have diiscovered the key to the wondrous mysteries of nature's processes in animal and vegetable growth. The attainment ol' this knowledge may not be impossible, — we can imagine it is not, — but they v^ho engage in the search for it, cannot fail to be reminded of the exclamation of the enraptured psalmist, in con- templation of ihe Almighty's works — " How unsearcha- ble is Thy wisdom, and Thy ways past finding out !" and not befoie." Notwithstanding this injurious e of leached ashes on potatoes, Mr Stetson considurs t " one of ihe most valuable manures for grass, grain o soria, peas, beans, &c." For wheat, especially, he he knows of" no manure so valuable, according I cost, as leached ashes." ASHES AS MANURE. The value of ashes for manure has not been duly ap- preciated by farmers generally in this section. On Long Island, as is well known, they are extensively used and highly valued. Vessels are often sent fiom there to the seaport towns along the eastern coast, for the sole pur- pose of procuring ashes ; and many cargoes are annually carried away from Boston and adjacent towns. The leached ashes from S(>me of the soap-manufactories in Roxbury, we are informed, ate usually sold to ihe Long Island farmers. These facts should lead our farmers who have light soils, to ascertain whether they might not reap equal benefit from the use of ashes, as those elsewhere; and instead of permitting this valuable fer- tilizer to be bought up, as it were, at their very doors, and transported to other sections, perhaps they would not lessen their reputation for sagacity, nor do much det- riment to their own interests, should Ihey purchase and use these ashes themselves. The section of Dr. Dana's Essay published in our last paper, treats of the value of ashes as manure, and we commend his remarks to the attention of all who are in- terested in the subject. The great value which he gives even to spent ashes, may excite surprise in some, as it did with us ; yet his statements are, no doubt, based on well ascertained fads. A late number of the Maine Farmer contained an ex- cellent article by Mr Samuel Stetson, on the use of ash- es. One statement of his develops something new to us, though it may not be so to others. He says : — "I have found that wherever a fair dressing of leached ash- es, say from 200 lo 200 bushels per acre, is used in one year, where potatoes are planted, that for several years afterwards the potatoes grown there are so scabby as to be entirely unfit for the market or for table use. * * I have had to dig this knowledge out to my cost, and this provoked me to inquire of others, and 1 found the same result — wherever leached ashes were used, scabby pota- toes came after." Mr S. accounts for this effect by the potatoes coming in contact with the lumps of ashes, which " eat off the skin, and leave the potatoes scabby" — and says; "1 expect the same result must follow, until tile bunches of ashes are dissolved by the plow, rain and frost, and then I expect the mischief will cease, DEMAND FOR FRUIT TREES. From what we know and hear, we judge that lh(i mand fur fruit trees this spring, exceeds that of any villus season. Attending to orders for trees, and ext ing our own nursery, has kept us so closely emph of late, that wo have had little time to devote to o business. In fact there seems to exist a sort of fruit mania, (if the ti^rm is pardonable,) aud the fact is a ter of gratulation, — not, particularly, on account of profit which it may insure to vs, as dealers in fruit t — oh, no ! — it would be uncharitable lo charge oui joicing to that motive, — but because we believe business of fruit-raising is one which may be n profitable lo all. It is a business, we are quite sur* which those who engage need fear no great detrii from competition, at least for many years to come ; one which is not likely to be " overdone," since thi- mand for good fruits — apples, in particular — is such warrant their far more extensive cultivation. Fan who are favorably situated in respect to a market, c not, we believe, more surely promote their intei than by making the culture of good fruits a leading jeet in their husbandry. THE AYRSHIRE CATTLE. This breed of cattle, we hear, are coming into fii with our farmers, as their merits are ascertained. ♦ Uanilall, Esq., of New Bedford, who h;i8 imported bloods of this breed, says : "In my opir;ion, the i shires are better adapted to the short p.isture and fi climate of New England, than any breed of cattle ' which 1 am acquainted They are not great consul of food, and 1 think give a greater return in butter milk, for the food they consume, than other bree (Trans. N. Y. Ag. Soc.) One of ihe most dislinguif iarniers of Massachusetts— -a gentleman whose judgn in matters pertaining to husbandry, cummands the h est respect — recently informed us that he was tuii his attention lo the Ayrshires, as being preferabl other breeds for New England, and was about impor some of that breed for liis own (arm and use. Holmes, of the Maine Farmer, remarks upun the 1 ness of an Ayrshire cow, given in his paper, as folio " The cut is said to represent the breed well, and certainly looks like a good-hearted, motherly, thi cow, and such a one as any farmer would not be ash ed of.'" Most of these callle in New England were tained from the importations of Mr Gushing, of Wu town, and Mr Randall, of New Bedford. We presi animals may be had from either of those sources, tho of this we are not certain. NEW ENGLAND FRUIT BOOK. Messrs. Ives, of Salem, have published in a liandsi volume, a practical treatise on Fruit and its culiure. gives a descriptive catalogue of the most valuable v eties of the Fear, Plum, Apple, Peach and Cherry New England culture, by Robert Manning. To wl is added other varieties : also the Grape, (Quince, Go* berry , Currant and Strawberry, with outlines of m; of llie finest Pears, drawn from natuie ; with direct! for pruning, budding, grafting, and general modes culture. Second edition, enlarged, by John M. Ives MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. Saturday, Jlpril 20, 184'; Win. E. Carter, of the Botanic Garoeii, Cambiic exhibited two bi^autifiil specimens of the Azalea, v variegata, and another beautiful variety. For the Committee, J. BRECK, Chm't XXII, NO. 43. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 343 TIIEIIMOMETIIICAI,. Rrporlfillorllie New Englaiiil Karnier. , ge if tile riiei rjiometeral llie (iardenof the iiropriceors i\evv England !•" .inner, lirigliton . Mass. in !> shaded eriv i-xposure, to ilieweek ending April 21. j 1st sort Mass IS43, lb. 7 a 71 ; 2d do 6 a 00. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern Screwed 810 to 12. EGGS. 12 a 14. iril, 1S44. 17 A.M. 12, M. 5,P.VI. 1 Wind. uy, 13 61 62 47 E. lav. !'• 44 S3 53 11.. lesdav, 17 06 65 52 1 N. W. iday. 19 32 41 4.=< E. V, 19 31) 6S 48 E. dav, 21! 30 63 47 i\. E, ay, 21 46 52 44 E . KiHTON .MARKK.T.— MoM.AT, April 22, 1844. KfP'Tled fortlie N. E. Farmer. M irket "00 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs U'orliinii Oxen, Slieip, and i;!.')0 Swine. 40 Beef cattle unsold. K.VR5I FOR SAI.K- One of the most pleasant sitnations in the midille of the town of I'epperell —the farm of the hue Rev. James Howe, containing 44 :icres of first rate land, well divided into mow int;, tillage, pastnriiii; and wood land, well watered and fenced, with a two story house and two barns, one 36 by 40 !eel, witli a cellar under the same, and all other convenient out buildings. There are a variety of fruit trees on the lann. Terms casij. For further particulars inquire of SKl'H N A SON, on the premises, or to JOSIil'H lUlECK & GO^. 5 and 62 North Market Slieet, Boston. Aiiril 20. POTTAWATTAMIE ftEAM. The subscribers are happy to inform their customers and friends that they have reieived a new at.d superb variety ol e.irlv BUSH BKAN.of excellent flavor, and very prolific Hicrs — Bfcf f««/e— Higher prices were obtained, i It surpasses in beauty any variety now culiivated among us. „c advance our qiiotationa to correspond. Extra The name of " Polfawallamie" has been given to it on ac- ^ T. .:„..,,,„ cl r. , , -r. . „,.„„H ,„„i;,„ *a 25 count of its havmg been received from that^ tribe of Indians First quality $4,.W a 4,75 ; second ([uality $4,25 ,75 ; third quality $;!,50 a $4,00. orking Oim —Sales, 65, 63, 75, and $82. „p —Sales from $2,50 to $3,75. A small lot of t weathers 5,U0 a $(i,00. line. — Sales quick. Lots to peddle 5, 5 1-4 and 5 3-8 lOws, and 6, 6 1-4 and 6 3-8 for barrows. At retail 5 to 7. in Iowa, by whom it is cultivateii. Price 37j cents per quart. JOSliPil BRECK & GO. Boston, April 17, 1844. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great cure, weekly. llEDS. Herds Grass, $2 00 to 2 25 per bushel Red Top 63 cents. Clover— Northern, 10 to 1 Ic— Southern, 8 Klax Sced,,Sl 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb iry Seed, S2 02 per bushel. lAIM. The late news from England, is less favorable ippers, and the heavy arrivals at this market during the week, have caused some further reduction in prices, rn— Nortliern. new, bushel 56 to 68— Southern, round w, old, Ol) n 00— Southern flat yellow, new, 64 n 65— do', white 49 a 50— do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Barley 00 —Rye, Northern, 70 a 72— do. Southern, 65 a 70 — , Southern, 30 a 32— Northern do. 34 to 35 — Beans, per el t 00 a I 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 00 a 0 0--Bran, 00. ILOUR. The business of the week has been rather lim- ; prices are without much variation, compared with the report. altiniore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. So 00 a 5 00— do. irf, SO 00 a 4 S7— do. free of garlic, $4 87 a 5 00— Phila- hia do. 4 mos. SO 00 a 4 67 —Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 . 34 87 a 4 94— Alexandria, wharf mountain, OOOaO 00. eorgeiown, S4 87 a 5 23— Richmond Canal,S4 S7 a5 00 1. City. So end in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply themselves with the choicest va- rieties in good season lor the Spring planting. The billowing are a few of the most important kinds which they offer wholesale and retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Chatbon, do. Frame, do. Warwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Woodford's Dwarf^ Marrow, Bishop's Dwarf, for liorders. Knights' Dwarf, Dwarf Marrowfats, Tall do. BEANS. Lima, Saba, Horticultural Pole, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberrj Pole, While do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &e. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead, I, ate Sugarlnaf, Green Globe Sa- voy, Red Dutch, Low Dutch, Early ^ ork, Battersea, Va- uack, Hope, Early Sugar-loaf, with a complete variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Turnip Beets, French Sugar Beets, Man gel Wurtzel, Ruta Baga, Long Orange, Early Horn and While Field Carrots, Early and Lnie Cauliflowers, Broe- colis of all sons, Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- jorum, Sage. Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than twenty fine varieties. Thev have just received per Ship Minerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower Sf.eds, which together with an assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever offered for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Greenhouse Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots, and all Nursery productions furnished at one day's nonce, and when requested, can be packed in mals and boxes, so as to be sent to Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms with Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neally put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with jirint- cd directions on each package for its manageuieni and cul- tivation. GRASS SEEDS, Ai wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Glass, a first rate article for Lawns. Clover Seed, Red and White, Orchard Grass, Oat Grass, Fowl Meadow, Northern and Southern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet. Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., 4;c., ol the liest quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz : — 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs. 2"0 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutters, 60 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- table Cutlers, 60 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Gram Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz Scythe Stones, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 169 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 600 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patent .Snaiths,200 do. Common do, 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3i0 do. Hay do. 300 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do, 50 doz. Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., E. .Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 ^ and 52 North Market Street, Boston. S FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every descriplion of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a Mutable tune to transplant many Trees and _ IManls, and often times more convenient than in We have as grenl a variety of Apples, Pears, Cher- ries, Plums, Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooselierries, &c. as can be fouiid in the country, and ufl'er them at the lowest prices. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston. Oct. II, 1843. NITR.H^TE OP SOOA FOR AUUICULTURAl. PliRPOSES. BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named article, which has been much approved of in England, and as far as used in Ibis connlry has been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, 1844. 3m N. spriir.:. 344 MISCELLANEOUS The followinfj anecdote is said to have actually occurred m the western part of the State of Massa- chuBClts : " An agent soliciting subscriptions for a life of Bonaparte, showed his prospectus to a man, who read thus : 'one dollar in boards, or one dol- lar and twentyfive cents in slictp.' After consid- ering for a moinent, he replied, that when he should be called upon for the subscription, he might not have either boards or sheep on hand, and therefore ho 'guessed' he had better not subscribe." Steaming il. — "Talk about your northern steam- boats," said a Mississippi fireman the other day, " why, you haint had a biler bust for five years ! Do n'l require no spunk to navigate them waters ; any fool can do it. But it takes a man, stranger, to run one of our alligator boat's head on to a saw- yer, high pressure and the valve soddered down, si.v hundred passengers on board, and every soul endangered !" NEW ENGLAND FARMER WINSIHP'S NinSERY. BillGHTON NEAR HosTON, Situated on the line of the Boston and Worcester Hail Road, 5 miles from the city. The seasoii for transpljnling is al hand, and all those who wish lo supply themselves wilh choice Fruit and ornuinentarTrces, can lie fur- nished at short notice wilh the finest varieties by the proprietors of this celeliraled nursery. Fruu Trees, includins,' all the varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &c. (Jotalogues may be olitaiueil hy applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safety "in long voyages. Orders Isfi at the New England Seed Store of J. Breck & Co. Nos„5l & 52 North Market street, will be delivered the day following. Letters containing orders, addressed to the subscribers J. & F. WINSHIP. March 27, 1844. APRII. !^*, IS44. CAMBRIDGEPORT NUUSERT. Columbia Street. SAMUEL POND, NURSERYMAN, ■WARREN'S GARDEN AND NURSERY, NONANTUM VALE, BRIGHTOK, FLORAL SALOON AND SEED STORE, No. I TREMONT TEMPLE, [late Tremont Theatre) BOSTON. The proprietor of this establishment is now ready 1 to receive a. id execute orders lor Fruit ; Ornamental JTrees ; Grape Vines; Shrulihery ; Roses; Straw- berry Plants, &c. m any quantity and of the most valuable kinds al short notice, projierly packed and secured for transporlaliou to any part of the United Stales or Pro- vinces. The catalogue for 1844 which has been prepared with scrupulous care, contain a list of Ibe choicest sorts of Pearsj Apples ; Plums ; Cherries ; Peaches ; Apricots and Necta- rines ; Grape Vines ; Hasphernes ; Gooseberries ; Straw- berries ; Currants ; Evergreen Trees and Shrubs ; Orna- mental Trees; Herbaceous Plants; Roses; Green House Plants ; Dahlias, &c. A new feature has been added in the catalogue which renders it particular valuable for purchasers who are desi- rous of improving iheir orchards and grounds hy planting only the most approved, superior and productive varieties. It is by columns and abbreviations, the meaning of which is explained under every different kind of fruil, so that a large number of the most important characters' by which the dif- ferent varieties are distinguished may be seen al a glance. While the list of fruits may not be found so extensive as ia some other catalogues, il contains every kind of value, and all new and improved varieties are added as soon as their qualities are tested. Nevertheless any variety that may be ordered can always be supplied, on as reasonable terms as are afforded any other nurseries. The list of DAHLIAS comprises upwards of 3f>0 of the choicest varieties of this gorgeous and splendid flower, most of them prize varieties. Dry roots reatiy for delivery early in the spring, and in pots from the middle of April to the 1st June. STRAWBERRIES of the most productive and best varieties, for sale in any quantity. None but healthy and strong plants will be suffered to leave the nursery. GRAFTS anA SCIO^'S of most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtaiu'^d in their season. GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, of all the rare and splen- did kinds, always on hand at the Saloon, where visitors are respectfully inviled to call. GRAPE VIWES; ASPARAGUS, and other roots constanlly for sale. Also, a great variety of choice GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEEPS, all of lhi« year's growth, and warranted fresh, genuine and true to their names. Agricultural, Horlicultural and Botanical Books. Gardening Implements; Flower Vases, &c. &c. The whole enumerated in a new descriptive Catalogue, which will be given /gratis on application. All orders for trees will be dMivered at one day's notice. Every tree and plant will be warranted by the subscriber, as to its distinctive character and goodness. Boqiieis and cut flowers, can be obtained any day in the week ai the saloon. Flov;ers furnished for decorations, at short noiice. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN. April 3. CAMBRIDGEPORT, MASS. Has for sale a choice assorlmenl of fruit trees, shrubs, BOOTS AND VINES.— Among them are the best varieties of Apple, Pear, Plnm, Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Grape Vines Asparagus, Rhubarb, Currants, Gooseberries, Raspberries Pear Slocks, Apple Stocks, &c. &c. iVc Tbees of an extra size always on hand, and will be de. livered to any pari of the city, iree ol expense. Also scions of Pears, Plums and Cherries. FRUIT AND ORNMENTAL TREES, ifeC. s. & G. Hyde's nursery, newton. The subscribers have for sale a choice collection of Fruil Trees, comprising the best varieties of Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Pears, Plums, &e. Gooseberries, Currants, Raspberries, Grape Vines, and Quinces. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, Altheas, Posonies, Buckthorn, &c. All orders addressed to the subscribers will receive prompt attention. Trees packed to insure safety lo distant places. S. & G. HYDE. Newlon, April 3, 1944. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements have been made the past year in the form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould brard has been so formed as to lay the furrow completely oner, turning in every parlicle of g-rass or stubble, and leaving Ike ground in the best possible manner. The length of the mould board has bf n very much increased, so that Ihe Plough works wilh the greatest ease, both with respect to the holding and the team. The Committee a I the late trial of Ploughs al Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Ploughs we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say to the inquirer, if your land is mostly light ana easy lo work, try Prouly & Mears, but if your landis heavy, hard orroclty. BEGIN WITH Mb. Howard's." Al the above mentioned trial the Howard Pl'>ugh did more work, trifh the same pewer of team, than any other plough exhibited. No other turned more than tweolyseveB and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while the Howard Plough turned fwentynine and one half inches, to the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially made. There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe, or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed without having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secuies the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens the Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to $15. A Ploiiph, sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost abiiiii SiO 50, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, $2 60 extra. The above Ploughs nre for sale, wholesale and retail, at the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed StorC) Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. WILLIS' LATEST IMPROVED SEED SOWE In using this machine, the farmer may be ciitain tl his seed is put into the ground, and at' the same lii in the best possible manner. There has been a gri difficulty in machines lor sowing garden seeds; tb are very apt lo clog up, and the former might go over acre of land and not sow a single seed ; but not sow this; it is so constructed that it cannot possibly cli In using this soiver, the farmer can save one half his seed, and do the v\ork at less than one quarter t expense of the common way of sowing, and have done in a much better manner; it opens the furio drops the seed covers it over and rolls them dow It will BOW any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Bn| Mangel Wurlzel, Turnips, Carrots, Beets, Parsnips, C ions, 4-c. For sale at the New England Agricuitu Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 North M ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NONANTUM HILL. NURSERY OF WILLIAM KENRICK. B.ildwin and other Apple Trees of fine siz 10,000 Peach Trees, also of kinds superior a of sizes fine; Pear, Plum, Cherry, Apricot, Ni tariue Trees of kinds now or most highly i teemed. This nursery, by late extensions, now covers 30 acres ground. A large green house is now being added. Franconia Raspberries, Grape Vines, Curranls Goosehr ries. Strawberries — ot kinds most approved. The descr live Catalogue for 1843 will be sent lo all who apply. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, and Honeysuckles ; y low Harrison and other Roses ; Tree and oilier splend Poeonies of difl'erent colors. Also. Myall's Victoria a ether new kinds of Rhubarb, double Dahlias. &.c. &c. All orders addressed to the subscriber will be proHipl attended lo, and Trees when so ordered will be secure packed in mats and moss for safe transport lo all dists places, and delivered in the city by the wagon which gc iiither daily, or shipped to order, or per railroad. Ord< may be left with Joseph Breck & Co. 51 & hi North Mi ket street, John G. Locke, Esq., or Eliphalel Wheeler, E& Framingham. WILLIAM KENRICK. March 6. eplMlS Nonanlum Hill. Newton. SCIONS FOR GRAFTING. Those who wish lo obtain Scions for grafting, are remir ed that this month is the lime lo cut grafts. It is inijiorlc that orders should be sent during the month lo ensure e3 ciilion, as it is impossible to keep a full assort incut nn hat We have a supply of the following, cut from bearing Irei viz : Apples — Baldwin, Greening. Roxbury Russet, Port HnbbardsloD, Nonsuch, and other varieties. Pears.- Bartlett, Seckle, Jargonelle, and other varieti can be cut if ordered. Also, Plum and Cherry Scions. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Boston. March 20, 1844. ! GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ai moved wilh a fool Ireader, are found lobe a great iinprov menl on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hui in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherev used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be atlac ed to sUines hung in the common way. For sale by BRECK 4. Co., No. 51 North Market street. NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not pn within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted hy law to frank subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, withe expense to subscribers. TWTTLE AND DENNETT. FKINTEESi 21 School Sttree. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. B2 NOllTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicoltouai WABEHonsB.) .XXII. 1 BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 1, 1844. [NO. 44, N . E. FARMER. JSACHUSKTTS SOCIETY FOR PROMO- TING AGRICULTURE. Premium List — 1644. (e Show and Exhibition of Jlgricnllural Im- plemenls, he Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for toting As;ricultiire announce to the public intenlion to offer in premiiims the sum f^rant- I the ComrrKinwealth, and the income of their s for the current year. They confidently hope the agricultural community will be incited to 9nd for the liberal rewards which they hold and that the Grand Cattle Show and E.xhibi- which they propose to hold in Worcester, by exhibition of the finest animals, and of the i; approved afjricultiiral implements in the Coin- weallh, may have an extensive influence, and lent valuable lessons and examples to all far- 1), who desire to make improvements either in breed and management of stock, or in the e or instruments of culture. hey pnipose to have a Trial of Plows and oth- iipieijents, on Wednesday, Oct. 9lh, and to hold i/fif Show and an Eihibilioji of Farming Im- lents and A]echamry Tools, on Thursday, Oct. , 1844, at If'orcester — and for these purposes offer the following liberal Prf.micms : For Stock Viiich lias obtained a premium from any incor- ited Atjricultural Society in the Commonwealth, last year, or shall obtain a premium from any h Society the present year: Calltc. Julls 3 years old and over, for the best, S30 Second best, 20 Julls 2 years old and under 3 years, for the best, 20 Second best, 12 Julls 1 year old and under 2 years, for the best, 12 Second best, 8 [Jul! Calves, for the best, 8 Second best, 5 ^owe, 3 years old and over, for the best, 30 Second best, 20 Third best, 1-i Fourth beet, 10 \ statement will be required of the manner of >pinj, whether alone, or with others; of the intity and quality of the milk, tested by the milk not less than seven successive days having bren mifaclured into butter ; of the time when the II was made and its results; of the time of the v's calving, and the quality of the calf; of the led ; and of such other facts wiihin the knowl- tre of the owner, as will give the committee full brmation of the qualities of the cow for the dairy. Heifers 2 years old, and under 3 years, for the best, $20 Second best, '2 Third best, 6 Heifers 1 year old, and under 2 years, for the best, '2 Second best, ° Third best, 5 Heifer calves, for the best, 8 Second best, ^ Working Oxen 4 years old and upwards, for the best pair, 30 Second best, 20 Third best, 15 Fourth best, 10 Steers 3 years old, and under 4 years, for the best pair, 20 Second best, 15 Third best, 8 Steers 2 years old, and under 3 years, for the best pair, 15 Second best, 10 Steers 1 year old, and under 2 years, for the best pair, 10 Second best, ° In awarding the premiums to the Working^^Oxen and Steers, particular reference will be had to the close matching, excellence of training, and docility of the animals, as well as to their general appear- ance. Cattle filed for Slaughter, Regard being had to the acre, mode and expense of fatting, of which a particular statement must be made : Best fat Ox, $^0 Second best, 25 Third best, 15 Fourth best, '0 Best fat Steer, Cow or Heifer,. 4 years old and under, 20 Second best, 12 Third best, 8 Shtep. For the best fat Wether, 5 Second best, 4 Long Woolcd. For the best Buck, 10 Second best, 7 For the best pen of 3E*»es, 10 Second best, 7 Middle Wooled. For the best Buck, 10 Second best, . 7 For the best pen of 3 Ewes, 10 Second best, 7 Fine Woolcd. For th3 best Buck, 10 Second best, 7 For the best pen of 3 Ewes, 10 Second best, 7 The term of " long wooled," is intended to in- clude tho Leicester, Lincolnshire, Cotswolds, and all the English and other varieties of sheep which furnish the quality of Wool for combing ; the " middle woolcd," the Southdown, the Norfolk, Dor.-iet, Cheviot, Native, &.c. The " fine wooled," the Spanish and Saxon varieties of the Merino and some of their crosses. Swine. For the best Boar, $20 Second best, 12 Third best. 8 For the best breeding Sow, 2 years old, and which shall have had two litters of pigs — for the best, 20 Second best, 12 Third best, 8 For tho breeding Sow, 1 year old and up- wards, which shall have had one litter of pigs — for the best, 12 Second best, 8 Third best, 5 For weaned Pigs, not less than 3 in num- ber, of the same litter — for the best, 10 Second best, 7 Third best, 4 In awarding premiums on Swine, reference will not be had exclusively to tho size and present con- dition, but regard will be had to that form, and proportion of bone and offal to the more valuable parts, which promises the greatest value at the least expense of feed. General Rules. In awarding premiums on all stock, regard will be had to the manner and expense of raising and keeping ; and the owner, or person having charge of the animal, will be required to give a satisfac- tory account thereof, in writing, to the appropriate committee, on the day of the Exhibition, as it is the intention of the Trustees to encourage that stock, which not only may appear best, but which, in reference to tho cost, is most profitable to the farmer. No premium will be awarded for any stock, un- less the animal, in the opinion of the committee, is of superior qualily and value. The owners of Bulls are requested to have a ring in the nose of their animals, with a chain or rope to secure them. The owners of Working Oxen or cattle, exhibited in the yoke, are requested to bring a chain to each yoke, to secure the cattle to posts. All animals offered for premium, must be in the pens or secured to the posts before 9 o'clock, A. M. on the day of Exhibition, and must not be removed therefrom before 3 o'clock, P. M. of that day, ex- cept with the consent of the appropriate commit- tee, or of one of the marshals, or other officers of the Society. Compensation for Travel. The Trustees, with a view to the liberal encour- agement of the citizens of this Commonwealth who live remote from the place of the Exhibition, propose to pay the expense which may actually be incurred in getting the stock to the Show, not ex- ceeding eight cents per mile for travel, to the own- er of such animals before mentioned, as obtain 346 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MAY 1, 18 prerniimis, and which are bronjjht or driven more than fifteen miles, compiitinfj from the place from which ttie anmials come, to the place of the Show : also to unsuccessful compelitors and owners of cat- tle offiTPd for exhibition, the like sum, when it shall appear from the report of the committee, that in their opinion, the owners merit such an indem- nity for an expense which has n;iven credit to the Siiow ; but no owner of any number of premiimi animals will be entitled to more than one allow- ance for travel, at eight cents per mile. Entry of Jlnimals. Persons intending to ofTer any species of stock, for either of the before mentioned premiums, must give notice cither by Itaer, postage paid, or by persona! application, to John W. Lincoln, at Worcester, on or before the 9th day of October next, at 9 o'clock, A. i\I., stating the kind of stock, au'e, breed, where raised, by whom owned, and ac- companied by a certificate that a premium has been awarded for the animal by an incorporated Agri- cultural Society within this Commonwealth, and requesting him to enter his application, so that tickets for the pens may be ready by 8 o'clock of the next morning, and the several committees be furnished with a statement of the animals, to which their attention will be required. The difficulty of making proper arrangements for the accommoda- tion of the different species of stock, without such previous notice, renders a strict enforcement of this rule indispensable, and no person will be con- sidered as a competitor, who shall not have made such application for entry on, or before the time specified. Owners of animals of superior excellence, which have not been olfered for premium at any show of any incorpornted Agricultural Society, either the present or past year, may enter such animals for exhibition at the time before mentioned, furnishing the information necessary to enable the Committee to judge of the character of the Stock. P.tRM Implements. For the best Plow, $50 Second best, ' 30 For the best Subsoil Plow, J2 Second best, g For the best Cart or Wagon on improved principles, 20 For the best Drill Barrow, 10 Second best, 7 For the best Harrow, ]0 Second best, 7 For the best Fanning Mill, ]0 Second best, 7 For the best Threshing Machine, 10 Second best, 7 For the best Straw Cutter, 10 Second best, 7 For the best Vegetable Cutter, 6 Second best, 4 For the best improved Ox Yoke, .5 Second best, g For the best Horse Rake, g Second best, 5 For the best half dozen Hand Rakes, 4 For the best Grain Cradles, 4 For the best half dozen Dung Forks, 5 For the best half dozen Hay Forks, 5 For the best half dozen Grass Scythes, 5 For the best half dozen Cradle do. 5 For the best half dozen Scythe Snaiths, 5 For the best half dozen Shovels, 4 For the best half dozen Hoes, 3 General Rules. Articles not presenting any new and valuable improvement, will not be entitled to premium. Should there be presented any Agricultural Imple- ment, other than those above menlinned, which in the opinion of the committee is entitled to particu- lar commendation, they will be authorized to award a suitable gratuity, therefor. Implements and ma- chines must be tested as far as may be practicable, in the presence of, and under the direction of the Committee, should they deem it necessary. The plows will bo subjected to a full and thorough trial, and in any manner the Committee may think expedient. Tlie plows offered in competition for 1 .^i.V^^""'', 'n".'"j'"-' "" 7Y ".' "■-""""'J''' ,L n u 1 r J , ^ , ; "iiums shall be discovered to have used anv d the premiums, will be delivered to them for tna, „„„, , ,, , "="»"/" 1 ;Ii ,„ii k„ k 1 «r J J L r. L , ;• g'"i"o"s measures, by which the objects of thi winch will be had on Wednesday, the 9th day of j ^1= . October next, at such place in the town of Wor- It is understood that whenever merely want of competition, any of the claimants inii considered entitled to the premium, under a li^ construction, yet, if in the opinion of the Jul the object so offered is not deserving of any ward, the judges shall have a right to reject claims. Persons to whom premiums shal awarded, may, at their option, have an artic plate, with suitable inscriptions, in lieu 0 money. In cases where pecuniary premiums are off the Trustees may, having regard to the cir stances of the competitors, award either the I ety's gold or silver medals, in lieu of the peci ry premium annexed to the several articles. If any competitor for any of the Society's cestcr, as shall be hereafter designated for that purpose, and will be continued, without any agency therein by the owners, until the Committee have satisfied themselves of the relative merits of the several plows offered. The Trustees are desirous of rendering the Ex- hibition of Agricultural Tools not only interesting, but useful, both to those who may have occasion to use them, and those who manufacture the instru- ments. They hope that the agriculturist will find in tho Exhibition Hall, every implement which he may have occasion to purchase, of the most im- proved construction, manufactured in the best man- ner, and having thereon the name of the maker, that the public may know where such tools can be obtained. They also wish to include in the Exhibition such Mechanics' Tools as a farmer has frequent occa- sion to use, such as Planes, Chisels, Gimlets, Saws, Adzes, Axes, Bitt Stocks and Bitts, Angers, Wrenchrs, Hammers, Squares, &c., and for those which in the opinion of the Committee are deserv- ing a premium, they are authorized to award a gra- tuity. For the purpose of providing for the pay- ment of the gratuities before mentioned, the sum of f 50 has been reserved. But no tool or imple- ment will be considered as entitled to a premium unless manufactured within the United States. All tools and implements must be delivered at the Town Hall, in Worcester, to the person au- thorized to receive them, before 9 o'clock, A. JI., oa. Ilie 9th day of October next, that they may be seasonably entered on the books, and arranged for the examination qf the appropriate Cominitiee. Those who may find it more convenient to send them at an earlier time, may forward them to the care of John W. Lincoln, at Worcester, who will take charge of them, see that they are prop, erly entered on the books, and exhibited in the hall. It is requested that every farmer who may have in possession any implement not in common use, which he uses on his farm, in his dairy, or in his workshop, and which he considers better than is used by his neighbor, will exhibit it on this occasion, for the informntion of the agricultural community. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, will seasonably make appoiiitrient of the several committees, who will be selected from those persons in different parts of the State who are considered as particularly skilled in the subjects to which their attention will be re- quested. by which the obje ciety have been defeated, such person shal only forfeit the premiums which may have awarded to him, but be ren;lered incapable of ing ever after a competitor for any of the Soci premiums. The Treasurer will pay all premiums awai on demand. All premiums not demanded within six mc after they shall have been awarded, shall be det to have bee.i generously given to aid the funi the Society. By order of the Trustees : JOSIAH QUINCY, Jr.,") JOHN C. WARREN, 1 ^ JOHN A. LOWELL, p""™ H. CODMAN, ] ^pril, 1S44. For the New England Farmer. CLOSE PLANTING OF CORN. Mr Breck — \ have sometimes thought tli farmers would communicate the results of un cessful experiments, through the medium of agricultural journals, they would confer as gre benefit upon the public as they do by relating t successful experiments. In accordance with above opinion, I will attempt to give the resuJ close planting of Indian corn the past sea though at the risk of being somewhat tedious. In the spring of 1841, in consequence of the moval of an old fence, I had a strip of pas land fifteen rods in length, and two rods in wi added to a field. It wa.s plowed up and plat, with potatoes, and yielded a fair crop. In [ spring of 1842, there were carted upon it :' cartloads of good stable manure, and detj plowed ; after laying a few days, it was harrow and four more loads of good compost manure m' of swamp muck, stable dung, lime, and asi' were spread, and again plowed and harion Abont the 10th of May, drills were made b; kind of horse-rake, wiih the teeth just three apart; three kernels of the "Brown corn" w dropped in the drills, at the distance of two fe in a few days the corn came up, and grew rapid during the season, the ground was merely sera over with the hoe three or four times, but no h made. In October, when fully ripened, thee was harvested, and produced over thirty buslielf large sound ears, ami two bushels of small ea and I think it would, when dry enough for market, have shelled out 15 bushels, or at the r of 75 bushels to the acre. I intended to have sown it last spring, with 0 L. xtir. N'». It. AND H O R T r C IT L T U R A L REGISTER 347 ;ras3 seed ; but upon reading in the N. E. er iif March 22d, J8-13, an account of a pre- crop of corn raised in New Yorl;, by a Mr )3, I IV93 led to plant the patch n^i^in with upon his plan. In his statrincnl of the cnl. nn, &c., he says: "On the :i'-id of May, I84'2, ived lip one aero of uernsward, for the pur- of plaiitinj; it with corn. After plowing it I harrowed it well, lengthwise of the fnr- I then marl;ed out the fjroiinun- sltine, will soon have the inside of the top tumbler Coaled over with nuusture, which will be in such quantities as lo trickle down the sides. No. 2 will have a very little moisture upon one cido — and No. 3 will have no water within. This little ex- perirnent proves that corn, potatoes, and roots, should be planted at such distances as freely to ad- mit the sun's rays, and that Ihe amount of cnrii is lessened by culling Ihe stalks, and that Ihe pluck- ing of the leaves of mangold-wurlzel and turnips, for green fodder, must be attended with loss to the bulbs. Every body knows that plants suffer by being in the shade, if the ground is ever so richly ma- nured ; and this experiment tells the why. In some parts of Russia, wheat is fit to harvest in six weeks fnmi the time it is sown : their days, con- tain 20 hours of broad sunlight, and that tells the wherefore. But tiie leaves of plants have another important office to perform : they possess the power of ab- sorbing the principal part of their carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbonic acid, which is decomposed by the leaf, (with the aid of sun- light,) the oxygen is liberated, and the carbon re- tained, and forms about 44 per cent, of the solid or woody texture of plants. If the e Heel of the sun's rays upon growing plants were more generally un- derstood, the plants in many of our gardens would not be loft so thick. Many persons seen to go upon the principle that the more cucumber and mehm vines there are in the hill, (and the hills 2 feet apart,) the more fruit they will obtain. I have frequently seen 12 or 1.5 plants left in the hill, and the owner would about as soon have had one of his teeth extracted, as one of the plants pulled up. L. B. Printers in high places. — The Mayors of the following cities are, or rather formerly were, prin- ters : — London, Edinburgh, Penh, Glasgow, New- Vork and Washinglon. Statesmen and philoso- phers, jurists, scholars, poets and divines, (we do not recollect any niililary heroes,) have been grad uates of Ihe printing office. A Tennessee editor pertinently remarks that a liberal use of the rod is the only way to make boys smart. A very good ton mot, and that is all. For, in spite of the old proverb, " Spare the rod and spoil the child," it is probable the iiijudicious use of the rod has spoiled more children than it ever improved. Siihstilute for a Bell The first bell in Haver- hill, says the Salem Gazette, was purchased in 1764: before that time there was o singular sub- stitute, as appears by the following vote, passed in 1G50: "That Abraham Tyler blow his horn half an hour before meeting, on the Lord's day, and on lecture days, and receive one pound of pork annu- ally for his services, from each family." A western paper, in announcing a steamboat ex- plosion, very delicately observes — "Three persons were slightly killed." The editors in Mobile are luxuriating on straw- beiries and green peas. The editors in this town are luxuriating on — on — last year's potatoes ! — Maine Far. 348 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MAT 1, 1«* DANA'S PRIZE ESSAY ON MANURES. (Concluded.) Manures Composed chiefly of Mould. And now, reader, having been broiislu by this course of reasoning;, to what the mould wants, [i. e. salts,] consider what tons and tons of useless mould you have in your swamp muck and peat bogs, your hassocks, and your turfy meadows. All these, foot upon foot in depth as they lie, are truly vegetable mould, in a greater or less degree of de- cay. If you dig this up, and expose it to the air, that itself sets it to work, decay is hastened, vola- tile matters escape, yea, ammonia, the master-spirit among manures, is secretly forming and at work", warming and sweetening the cold and sour muck. Without further preparation, practice confirms what theory teaches, that this process alone furnishes from these beds of vegetable mould, a very good manure. It is already highly charged with all the salts which a plant wants. But experience, doubt- loss led by the light of the good results of mixing mould with animal matter to preserve its strength, has also reversed the practice, and taught the util- ity of adding to vegetable mould quickening salts ; that is, either the volatile alkali, by composting the mould with stable manure, or alkali in the shape of ashes, or potash, or soda-ash, or lime, or a mix- ture of these. In fact, whatever substance can by. putrefaction give off volatile alkali, will, and must, and does, convert vegetable mould, of itself dead and inactive, into a quick and fertilizing ma- nure. If, then, reader, you pause here a moment upon this fact, and then cast your eye backward over the principles we have endeavored to impress on your memory, you will perceive that there is not, among all the classes and kinds of manure which we have shown you, one which may not be added, or as is the phrase, composted, with peat, meadow- mud, swamp-muck, pond-mud, or by whatever other name these groat storehouses of vegetable matter are called. These are the true sources of abun- dant manure, to all whose stock of cattle, &c. is too small to give manure enough for the farmer's use. It is the farmer's business to make a choice (if he has any but Hobson's,) of what substance or mixture of substances he will use. We have shown him how small a portion of animal matter, one to ten of pure mould, will impregnate that sub- stance. Taking, then, a cord of this swamp muck, we shall find it contains in round numbers, about one thousand pounds of real dry vegetable mould. So that the carcass of an animal weighing one hun- dred pounds, evenly and well mixed up with a cord of fresh dug muck, will make a cord of manure, containing all the elements, and their amount too, of a cord of dung. But it is not from the carcasses of animals that the farmer expects to derive the quickening salts for his muck. This can be the source of that pow- er only to the butchers, (what fat lands they all have!) or to the dwellers near the sea, where fish is plenty. A barrel of alewives, it is said, fertili- zes a wagon-load ol loam. The carcass of a horse converts and fertilizes five or six cords of swamp muck. A cord of clear stable dung changes two cords of this same muck into a manure as rich and durable as stable manure itself. These are all the results, reader, of actual practice. The explana- tion of the principle has only come in since the practice, and showed the how and the why of this action. But the merit of explaining this action, would be, is nothing, if it had not conducted one step further. The explanation of the principle of the action of animal matters, animal manures of all kinds, whether solid or liquid, on muck or peat, has led chemistry to propose, whore these cheap and common forms of quickening power are not to bo had, to mix ashes, or potash, or soda-ash with swamp muck. Now, reader, this is not an idle, visionary, book-farming scheme. It is perhaps one of the few successful, direct applications of chem- istry to fanning, which speaks out in defence of such book-farming, in tones and terms which be- speak your favorable consideration for the attempt which science is making to lend you, reader, a helping hand. This proposal, the offspring of sci- ence, has been carried out successfully by practi- cal men in our own country, and has made its way abroad. Though this is not the place to give you (he details of their results, you may rely upon the fact, that alkali and swamp muck do form a ma- !iure, cord for cord, in all soils, equal to stable dung. Well now, after your patience in going over these pages, I hope you will find your reward in this statement. To be sure, it might have been said at once, and so have done with it ; but I hoped, reader, and I am sure I have not been disappointed, that you liked to dive a little into the reason of things, and felt that you had farmed too long by the rule of thumb, to be satisfied that it was the road either to improvement or profit. And so among your first attempts at improving your worn- out lands, always supposing you have not a barn- cellar, hogs, and swnmp-muck, so aptly called by one of your own self-made practical men, the " far- mer's locomotive," I presume you may like to know the proportions in which you may mix swamp-muck and alkali. You can hardly go wrong he.o by using too much ; the great danger is, you will use too little alkali. But calculating on the proportion of mould in fresh-dug swamp-muck, or peat, it may be stated as a rule, grounded on the quantity of quickening power in a cord of stable manure, that every cord of swamp muck requires eight bushels of common ashes, or thirty pounds of common pot- ash, or twenty pounds of white or soda-ash, to convert it into manure equal, cord for cord, to that from your stable. Dig up your peat in the fall, let it lay over winter to fall to powder, calculate your quantity when fresh dug, and allow nothing for shrinking in the spring ; when your alkali is to be well mixed in with the mould, and, after shov- eling over for a few weeks, use it as you would stabl€ manure. These quantities of ashes and alkali are the lowest which may be advised. Three or four times this amount may bo used with advantage, but both the quantity of alkali and the number of loads per acre, must and will be determined by each for himself. It is a question of ways and moans, rather than of practice. But suppo.'iing the smallest quantity of ashes or of alkali to bo used which we have advised, then at least five cords of the compost should be used per aero. This iiin.y be applied to any soil, light or heavy. Hut there is another form of this same swamp muck and alkali, which should be used only on light, loamy, sandy soils, to produce ' : greatest benefit, thoug-h even on heavy soils not very wet, it may be used with great advantage, 'i is a compost of one cord of spent ashes to t cords of swamp muck. This is decidedly the mixture which has yet been tried. We hav this all that mixture of various salts and ni'l which plants want, and both by the action of mould and by that of the air, the alkali of spent ashes, which no leaching would extrac soon let loose, and produces all the elfects o much clear potash or soda. I have thus, reader, given you a few of ways by which you may convert your peat-1 and swamps into manure, when you have ngi cattle nor hogs. I have not thought it w while to go into this subject further, and give directions for lime and salt, or other matters w might be used. 1 have given you the most ( mon, and those well known and at hand. All want, then, to apply these principles of forr composts, is to give them that little attention w will enable you to understand them. And rest must be left to your practical common st without some share of which, farming, like ev thing else, would be vanity end vexation of 8| I would here, reader, take my leave of you, in the hope that we may again meet to have ar er talk. There are a great many other point lating to manure, which can be understood after we have made ourselves somewhat acqu od with the chemistry of soil. Then, having plained that, before the full action of manure be under.^lood, wo must proceed a step further consider what changes take place in growing c and the effects of these growing crops upon and manure. The quantity and kind of salts extract, and how soil is exhausted. This w lead to the consideration of the quantity and of manure to be applied to different soils, ant value of different manures. But there is one er very important thing belonging to our sub Crops exhaust land, but fatten animals. Now last properly belongs to that part of our subjec lating to the changes occurring in vegetables, their power ef exhausting the soil. It wil seen, therefore, that the whole covers the gn called Agricultural Chemistry. This Essny is only its first part. If it n your acceptance, I trust it may encourage its thor to draw up its second pari on soils, an third part on the efl'ect of crops on soil, and l| value as food for animals. THE CURCULIO. Mr J. A. Kenrick, of Newton, in the Maga of Horticulture, says : — " Having heard salt red mended, [as a protection against the curculitj concluded to make a trial of salt lye, havi' quantity at command. The yard contains ai one-eighth of an acre, in which I have abc hundred trees. In the spring, I had about cords of meadow nmd, well saturated withi evenly spread and spaded in. (The year prev about the snmc quantity of dock mud was ap| in the same way.) About the first of June, I on a load of about five hogsheads (salt lye) in o tion, pouring it from a large watering pot, a two common sized pailsfiill to each tree, satura the whole ground in thi! y.ird ; and so powi was the application that there was not a wee be found the height of two inches during the son : every tree bore well, and many of them i so completely loaded with fruit, that I was obli n.. x\ir. >'o. *«. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 349 ike Iheni to prevent their breikiii? down. > wcTf a very fevr ciirciilios ivhich fdiiiiJ their ip (he trees, but not a twenlUlli part enoii;,'h n the fruit as they ougfit to have been, whjch nted llieir attaining the size they otherwise 1 have done." tore. 'The draining of swiiinps furnishes abundant materials which every consiileratc man will mix wall warmer soiU and greatly enrich tliem. The premiums on grnin and root crops have been followed with numerous and beneficinl re- sults. There can exist no reasonable doubt that his land. It may he wise in the Society to encour- age e.xperirnenlH in oflers of reward, but certainly not as means of establislung rules of general appli- cation. We properly keen before the people and solicit attention to every Bubstance, which, in any foil and under any circumstances, may conduce to ,.ne effect has been followed with numerous bene- H'^ lucrease of vegetation. fMOUTlI .KGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Report of the Supervisor for 1843. e commence below the publication of the first al report of the Supervisor of the Plymouth ;ultnral Society, Hon. Morrill Allen. It rids with practical instruction and judicious iel, and we wish our limits and other circum- es, pcruiitted lis insertion entire in one paper, ever, all will read it who are acquainted with ithor by reputation or otherwise — and there lit few of our readers, wo presume, who may e embraced in the number of such. — Ed. Report. le Trustees were pleased to introduce into the .f premiums for the present year, several im- nt alterations in relation to Produce and Im :ments. making this first report under a change, it is proper to enter into seine review of the do- in past years, that the Society and the public possess the means of correct judgment wheth- • not the change is improvement of importance gh to justify the expense attending it, and lirection of the attention and labors of compe- s into new channels. ''hen the operations of the Society commenced, :ulture in ali its branches was in a state of t depression in the county. Comparatively towns produced a supply for it-? inhabitants, of of the grains, or even of hay. The grain was fly raised on the old system of alternating 3 of Indian corn and winter rye. Occasional iS of oats, barley and wheat followed Indian I or potatoes ; with those grains grass seed was n, but two crops of grain with one light dress, with manure, (or, as often happened, none,) t be miserable preparation for a crop of grain, wonder that under such management, both h-iy grain were scarce. The first board of tnis- corrcctly supposed the most proper means to imployed in leading farmers to the knowledge he real source of the evil which was spreading iliwhting prospects overall their interests, would to hold out efTeclual enconragements to the itest products on single acres. Accordingly, ral premiums were ofTerod for hay, grain and ts. For grain and roots, offers have been con- led, with some variations, to the present time, the greatest crops of hay, premiums were dis- tinued several years ago, probably because the lure of grasses commanded more attention, and i more successfully practiced than any other nch of husbandry. The renovation of low d, which the Society early and liberally encour- ;d, and its conversion into English meadow, has I the effect of almost doubling the quantity of glish hay, and nothing more may be necessary V, than a judicious continuance of similar en- iragements. If we can persuade farmers to acquire the jwledge necessary to the proper management of lands, and the successful cultivation of the it grasses there, little danger will exist of the rmer soils being abandoned to the course of na- ficial results. There can exist no reasonable doubt that one eflect has been great general improvement in field culture. But we have never succeeded in obtaining, though various means have been resort- ed to for the purpose, so particular stateinants of the nature and condition of the soils, or so minute descriptions of the cultivation as it was supposed would be most useful, and which it was the bound- en duty of successive competitors to give. A new (To be conlinucil.) QUALITIES OF PLANTS. Will plants imbibe any thing prejudicial or oth- erwise, if the matter contained in the soil exists in a superabundant quantity in lieu of their proper aliment — or are they sometimes driven, like ani- mals, from necessity, to make use of unwh'ilesome food, which alters the constituents of their bodies ? All roots, fruits, &c., have their own peculiar uni. and somewhat expensive expedient is now adopted , ,-,^,,| ^.,gjg . ^ut they difTer occasionally in a re- fer the purposes of obtaining and dift'using the de sired information, in the appointment of a person to view the fields on which experiments are pro- posed, and acquaint himself with the particular cul- tivation. If such service be faithfully performed, the information on some points must be more sat- isfactory, still much will continue to depend on the care and accuracy of applicants in detailing their operations. The premiums this year, (as seemed proper un- der a change,) are for experiments simple in char- acter, and easily carried to completion. The re- sults, it may be fairly presumed, will impart no new views to many experimental farmers, but may tend to convince those who have long been in bon- dage to established usages, of some truths which they have perseveringly refused to receive on any authority that could with the shadow of reason be questioned, — truths which may give a new direc- tion to their labors, and essentially conduce to their interest. In the department under the charge of the Com- mittee on Improvements, several entries have been made for reclaiming swamps: by the advice of the Chairman of the committee, the lands have been viewed. The Trustees will determine whether or not, premiums shall be awarded to the merito.ious operators next year. A claim has been entered to the premiums otTered for experiments with lime and salt. The final result should not now be anti- cipated by any remarks on the indications which the progress already made may seem to give. A general caution, however, may properly be given against attaching too great importance to the re- sults of single experiments with any of the salts, whether those results be favorable or unfavorable. Some writers tell us the salts are condiments of plants ; the constitutions of soils vary as do those of men ; in some cases condiments may be iughly conducive to health and vigor, and in others abso- iiarknhle degree. Grapes (of Tokay) on slate, had a peculiar delici and Western, 5i a 6i — Hams, Boston, 7 a 74 — lern and Western, 6 a 6^ — Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, -do new milk, 4i a Si- 301.. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- lion shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, ad All wliereoi the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per 1. val. and 3 cts. per pound. lere continues to be a good demand for both fleece and d Wool, and sales have been made at our quotations, slock iu market is not large, and is daily diminishing, me or Saxony Kleeces, washed, lb. 45 a 50 c. — Amer- ful! blood, do 43 a 45— Do. 3-4 do 37 a 40— Do. 1-2 do 35 -1-4 and common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, ed, 20 a 2.)— Do. unwashed, 10 a 15 — Bengasi do l--Saxony , clean, 00— Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — .pi ked, 10 a 15— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37 No. 1 do. ilo. do. 32 a 35 — No. 2 do do do 25 a 30— 3 do do do 18 a 2U. POTTAWATTAMIE BEAN. The subscribers are happy to inform their customers and friends thai they have received a new aid superb variety of ef>rly BUSH BEAN, of excellent flavor, and very prolific. It surpasses in beauty any variety now cullivated among us. The name of " PoIIawaliamie'' ha3 been uiven to it on ac- count of its having been received from that tribe fif Indians in Iowa, by whom it is cultivated. Price 37il cents per quart. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 17, 1344. SPLENDID FLOWER SEEDS. The subscribef! have recrived the following choice Flow- er Seeds which they offer at 6 1-4 cents per package, except those marked otherwise. Extra fine German Asters, 8 varieties. Fine double Ralsams (^^orls.) Extra fine do 12^ cents- Cosmos hipinnatu** 12 " Campanula pukherrima 12^ cents. pyramidalia alha 12^ rents. Ho nzarea 12^ cents. Chinese Primrose 12i cents. Cleome Grandiflora 12^ cents. Didiscus cerulea 12^ cenis. Erysimum PerofTskiana. Geraniums, from superh flowers 33^ cents. Lupinus pollyphyllus 12^ cents. var alha 12^ cents rivularis I2i cents. Crookshanliii 12^ cents. splenderis 12^ '"euls. — — odoratus 12^ cents. Lophospermum Sianrlem 12^ cents. Mimulus Hudsnnia I2i cents. ■ cardinalis Rpfenfipiis 12^ cents. Madncascar periwinkle I2icfnts. Pentstemon Milierii I '4 cents. hyl)ridiis 124 " • eentianoides 12^ cents. • splenriens 19^ " •Salpizlossi*), fine sorts 12^ " Sohizanth'is Hookerii 12^ *' ohiusifnlia. new white. • hnmilns. pinnata. Portnl;irci Gilesii. 25 rents. Phlox Drummondi 12^ " Verbena, fine scarlet, and from other choice sorts 12^ cts. ■ aubletia. urticifolia— With many other rare sorts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 19, 1844. PINE BOXE MANURE. The subscribers have on hand. Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Hone Manure, mixed with the marrow of the I one. It was produced from a nia-iufaclory when the bone was saw- ed in a wet slate. It must be a very valuable ariicle. Also, Fifty Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- pally saw dust, and the refuse of a manufactory. March 20, 1844. .TOSEPH BRECK & CO, PINE PICOTEK PINK SEED. The subscribers have for sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved from the varieties of double Pinks which were exhibited by them at the Horticultural Room*, and for which they obtained premiums the last season. This is pro- bably the finest seed of Amfrican growth ever offered for eale. Price 25 cents per packase. Also extra fine English Picolce and Carnation seed at 12^ cents per package. JOSEPH BRECK &. CO. Boston, March 6, 1844. MUCK MANUAL,. The Farmer's Murk Manual, bv Dr. S._L._nAVA— price 62 1-2 cents, for sale by ec. II. JOS. BRECK & CO. JOSEPH BRKCK <& NEW ENGLAND Ji^ricuUuraf tVartJiOuse AND Si=:ED STORE. 51 and 52 North Murkel Street, lioslnn JOSKPH KRKCK & CO. Imvinj received a lull and i;en- eral assortment of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN ami KLOW- KR SUKDS, worthy of cultiv.itiun, confidently recommend thein as beiii^ pure and of the first qualities, unniLxed with other varieties; tli^-y have no lirsitation in sayini^ that their cobection of Seeds is the best, and of the tjreatest variety ever offered for sale at any eslablishinent in the U. States, and would invite all to send in their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply themselves with the choicest va- rieties in good season lor the Spring piauting. The following are a few of the most important kinds which they olfer wholesale anri retail, viz : PEAS. Cedo Nulli, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Chailion, do. Frame, do, Warwick, Improved Blue Imperial, Woodford's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders. Knights' Dwarf, Dwarl Marrowfats, Tall do. UEANS. Lima. Saba, Hortieultur il Pole, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow. Red Cranl.errj Pole, While do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. Case knife, do. Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGE.S. Lar!»e Late Drumhead, Late Sujar loaf Green Globe So- voy, R.d Dutch, Low Dutch, Early York, Batlersea, Va- nack, fIo])e, Early Sugar-ioal, with a complete variety of other kinds. Lon^ Blood and Tnrnip Beets, French Su^ar Beets Man ?el Wurizel, Rata Baiia, Long Orange, Early Horn anil White Field Carrots, Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broc- eolis ol all sorls. Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- joriim. Sage. Summer Savory, Thyme, and Turnips, more than Iwelily fine varieties. They have just received per Ship Miuerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower Seeds, which together with an assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever offered for sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias. Green house Plants, Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots, and all Nursery productions furnished at one day's notice, and when requested, can be packed in mats and boxes, so as to be sent to Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms with Seeds of various sizes, containiog a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor retail, with |)rint- ed directions on each package for its maiiagemeni and cul- livalion. GRASS SEEDS, Ai. wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Also, Kentucky Blue Grass, a first rate article for Lawns. t;inver Seed, Re.1 and While, Orchard Grass, Oat (ira-iS, Fowl Meailow, Northern and Southern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet, Rhode Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., ic, ol the best quality and for sale low. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz :— lotio Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2ii0 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutters, SO Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, too Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 511 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- lable Cutlers, 50 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Giain Cradles. 100 0.t V'okes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Slonee, 3000 do Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 600 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do, Pateni Snaiths, 200 do Common do., 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3i'0do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do Dral't do, 500 do. Tie up do, 60 doz Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, SI ) and 52 North Market Street, Boston. \ FRUIT TREES. The subscribers are prepared to furnish every description of Fruit Trees, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants. The autumn is a suitable tune to transplant many Trees and _ Plants, and often times more convenient than ia We have as great a variety of Apples. Pears. Cher- luma. Peaches, Quinces, Currants, Gooseberries. &e. be found in the country, and offer them at the lowest JOSEPH BRECK & CO. nn. Oct. II, 1843 spring ries, 1' n? can prices. Bnsi NITRATE OP SODA FOR AGR1CII1.TURA1. PlIRPOSKS. BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named article, whieli has been much approved of in EnglantI, and as far as used m this country bus been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, 1844. 3m 352 NEW ENGLAND FARMER HAY 1, 1844 MISCELLANEOUS. " I wish you had been Eve," said an urchin to an old Miiiid who was proverbial for her meanness. " Why so ?" she asked. '' Because," said lie, " you would have eaten a the apple, instead of dividing it with Adam." Dow, Jr., the writer of the " short patent ser- mons" of the N. Y. Mercury, recommends every man to know himself — if not, he should inquire of some one who does know him, and then act accord- ingly. Good advice this. The Americans are followers of the English in every thing. — London ^,?e. We must conffss, Mr Age, that our soldiers fol- lowed you in the last war. — Louisville Jour. "What were the dark ages.'" inquired the schoolmaster. " 1 guess they were the ages be- fore spectacles were invented," replied the preco- cious pupil. WARREN'S GARDEN AND NURSERY, NONANTUM VALE, BRIGHTON, FLORAL SALOON AND SEED STORE, No. 1 TREMONT TEMPLE, (late Tremont Theatre) BOSTON. The proprietor of this eslahlishment is now ready Sto receive and execute orders lor Fruit j Ornamental ^Trees ; Grape Vines; Shrulibery; Roses; Straw- berry Plants, &c. in any quantity and of the most valuable kinds at short notice, projierly packed and secured for Irausporlalton to any part of the United States or Pro- vinces. The catalogue for 1844 which has been prepared with scrupulous care, contain a list oi the choicest sorts of Pears; Apples ; Plums 5 Cherries ; Peaches ; Apricots and Necta- rines ; Grape Vines ; Raspberries ; Gooseberries ; Straw- berries ; Currants ; Evergreen Trees and Shrubs ; Orna- mental Trees ; Herbaceous i'laiits; Roses; Green House Plants ; Dahlias, 'Vc. A new feature has been added in the catalogue which renders it particular valuable for purchasers who are desi- rous of improving their orchards and grounds t>y planting only the most approved, superior and productive varieties. It is by columns and abbreviations, the meaning of which is explained under every different kind of fruit, so that a large number of the most important characters by which the dif- ferent varieties are distinguished may be seen at a glance. While the list of fruits may not be found so extensive as in some other catalogues, it contains every kind of value, and all new and improved varieties are added as soon as their qualities are tested. Nevertheless any variety that may be ordered can always be supplied, on as reasonable terms as are aiforded any other nurseries. The list of />ilflZ./A.5 comprises upwards of 3i'0 of the choicest varieties ol this gorgeous and splendid flower, most of them prize varieties. Dry roots ready for delivery early in the spring, and in pots from the middle of April to the 1st June. STRAWBERRIES oC the most productive and best varieties, lor sale in any quantity. None but healthy and strong plants will be sutfered 10 leave the nursery. GRAFTSand SCIOXS o( most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtaimd in their season. GREEy HOUSE P LASTS, of M the rare and splen- did kinds, always on liand at the Saloon, where visitors are respectfully invited to call. GRAPE VISES; ASPARAGUS, and other roots constantly for sale. Also, a great variety of choice GARDES 3nd FLOW- ER SEEDS, a\\ of tliis year's growth, and warranted fresh, genuine and true to their names. Agricultural, Horticultural and Botanical Books, Gardening Implements; Flower Vases, &c. &c. The whole enumerated in a new descriptive Catalogue, which will be given gratis nn application. All orders for trees will be delivered at one Hay's notice. Every tree and plant will be warranted by the subscriber, as to its distinctive character and goodness. Boquets and cut flowers, can be obtained any day in the week at the saloon. Flowers furnished for decorations, at sborlnoiice. JAMKS L. L. F. WARREN. Aprils. VVINSIIIP'S NIRSERV. BiilGHTON NEAR Ho~TON, SUuated on the line of the Boston and Worcester Rail Rood, 5 miles from the city. The season lor transplanting is at hand, and ail those who wish to supply themselves wiih choice Fruit and ornaniental Trees, can be fur- nished at short notice with the finest varieties by ihe proprietors of this celebrated nursery. Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &c. Cotalogues may be olitained by applying at the Nursery. Trees carefully packed to insure safety in long voyages. Orders Isft at the New Englan.l Seed Store of J. Breck & Co N0S..51 & 52 North Market street, will be delivered the day following. Letters containing orders, addressed to the subscribers, J. & F. WJNSHIP. March 27, 1844. CAMBRIDGEPORT NUHSERY. Columbia Street, SAMUEL POND, NURSERYMAN, CAMERIDGEPOnX. MASS. Has for sale a chuice assoriinent of fruit trees, SHiiuBS, ROOTS AND VINES. — Among them are l'ie best varieties of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Giape Vines, AsparaiL^us, Rhuharh. Currants, Gooseberries, Rfispberries, Pear Slocks, Apple Slocks, &c. &.c. SfC. Trees of an extra size always on hand, and will be de- livered to any pari of the city, free of expense. Also scions of Pears, Plums and Cherries. FRUIT AND ORIVMENTAL. TREES, &C. s. & G. Hyde's nursery, newton. The suhscriliers have for sale a choice collection of Fruit Trees, comprising the best varieties of Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Pears, Plums, &.c. Gooseberries, Currants, Raspberries, Grape Vine?, and Quinces. Ornaniental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, Allheas, PtEonics, Buckthorn, &c. Ail orders addiessed lo the subscribers will receive prompt altenlion. Trees packed to insure safety to distant places. S. & G. HYDE. Newlon, April 3. 1S44. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements have been made the past vear in the form and workmanship o( these Plouehs ; the mould h« ard has been so formed as to Iny the furrow romplptc'y orcr. turning- in every particle of grass or stubble , and leaving the ground in the best possible manner. The length of the mould lioard has Ik n very much increnscd, so that the Plough works with ihu greatest ease, both with respect to the holding and ihe team. The Committee at the late trial of Ploughs at Worpester, say, " Should our opinmn be asked as to which of the Ploughs we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to w*trk, try Prouty & Mears, but if your land is heavy, iiard orroc/.y, CEGiN WITH Mr. Howard's.'' At the above m'^r*t:oned trial the Howard Pl'^ugh did more work, irith the same power of team, than any other plough exhibited. No other turned nmre ihan twentyse/en and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while ihe Howard Plough lurned twentt/nine and one half inches, to fhe same power of team ! All acknowledjje thai Howard's Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially made. There has been quite an improvempnl made on the shoe, or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed without having to furnish a new landsidc: this shoe likewise secures the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to Sl5. A Plough sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost about «iO 50, and wilh cutler £l, wilh wheel and cutter, S2 50 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at the New linglnnd Agri<-ultural Warehouse and Seed Sturei Nos. 51 & 52 North IVlarkel Street, hy JOSKPH BRECK & CO. WILLIS' LATEST IMPROVED SEED SOW In using this machine, the farmer may be cutain liis seed is put into the ground, and at thf same in the best possible manner. There lias befna| difficulty in machines for sowing garden s^eds ; are very apt to rlog up, and the farmer might go ov( acre of bind and not sow a single seed ; but not so this; it is so constructed that it cannot possibly In using ibis s'^^ver, the farmer ran save one ha his seed, and do the work at less than one quarte expense of tiie common way of sov\injj, and ha done in a much better manner; it fjpens; the fui dr'r — 'l is sour stufl' — only give me duog enough from the hovel windows, and I can raise as good crops as Mr I. dues, wi;h all his swamp muck, lime, compost, and boidifarming." I inquired if he took an agricultural pnper. "No," gaid he — " I did take one several year.s ago, and that had so much to tell about a new kind of pota- to that they sold for twentyfive cents a pound, and after all, it warnt no better than the long reds ; and about tree corn and mulberry trees; and a good many farmers got hit, by believing their great sto- ries, that I got sick of, and stopped it, and would not now take the gift of one." I afterwards called upon Mr I., the " book far- mer," as Mr G. sneeringly called him, and found him a middle-aged, intelligent farmer, who was quietly improving his farm by every means within his reach, f was so much interested in his man- agement, that I thought I would attempt to commu- nicate an account of it to the public, through the coiomns of your useful journal, with the hope that other farmers might be benefited by his example. Upon looking into his barn, I found his hovel floors were water-tight, and sloping toward the back side. In the rear of the cattle, >vas a kind of trough, of the width of 13 or 15 inches, made by sinking one of the floor plank two inches ; this was also water-tight : the droppings from the cat- tle mostly fell into the trough, and by giving his cuttle a good bedding of litter every night, they were kept comfortable, and nearly as clean as when at pasture. He had the past winter used several loads of sawdust from a shingle mill, and leather shavings from the currier's, for the purpose of bedding, and soaking up the urine. 'the hovels were daily cleared out by wheeling the ma- nure and litter into the centre of the yard, (which is dishing,) and piling it up in a snug heap. His barn is so situated he cannot dig a cellar under it, but intends the coming season to build a shed for the purpose of keeping his manure under cover in future. The floors of his horse stable are tight: every day it is cleared, and the manure and litter IS spread under a shed, and by being trodden by his stock, it does not heat and fire-fang, as is too often the case. Most of his winter manure will be mixed with swamp mud, to compost through the summer. I inquired respecting a heap near his barn : he said there were two cartloads of lime mortar, that he bought for a trifle of a man who had taken down a large house: it was mixed with about four loads of brake-root turf, about 18 months ago ; it had been left this length of time for the purpose of having the plaster come to pieces, I and rotting the turf. Last fall it w'as shovelled over, and two lime casks of fleshings, procured at i the tanner's, mixed with it. He thought while 'this animal matter was decomposing there W(mld ' be a large amount of nitrogen generated, and give him a large amount of nitrate of lime by spring, ! when it would be again shovelled over, and 35 bushels of t'ood ashes mixed, and then applied to an acre and half of ground, upon which he should sow wheat : I think he said the compost was to be put on after the ground was plowed, and to be har- rowed in with the wfieat. The ashes he had pur- : chased at ten cents per bushel. I He had a cartload of 'he waste wool, or flying, i from the wool carder's : this was to be boiled for a short time in lye, to cleanse the oil and grease, and fo render tlie wool more decomposible. By way of experiment, a part of it would be used to manure some of his corn and potatoes in the hill, the rest would be mixed in the compost heap, to remain a year or so. He also had a large quantity of old ivoollen rags, that he bought of a store- keeper for a trifle — having, he said, read in some book that 100 lbs. of woollen rags contained as much nitrogen as 3000 lbs. of cow manure. Some of these rags were to be chopped up and steeped in urine for a few days, then to be partially dried and sprinkled with gypsum, and used as manure in corn and potato fulls ; the other part would, like waste wool, be composted. He had a numbei casks of flishings that were obtained at the I ners, which would be mixed with vegetable mo soon as the snow was off, and he could obtain he also has the hair, lime, and piths of horns fr the tan-yard ; the bones are broken up by the ht mor and mixed with manure and plowed in; tl will slowly decompose, and supply phosphate lime to his land : he had about two barrels of settlings of salts from the pearlash factory — si lar, he thought, to the material known as glass f tory manure ; an account of its use and valui given in Mr Colman's Fourth Report, pages 31< by a Mr Jarvis. There were a tew inches of upon the top of the salts in the barrels, so stn as to float an egg with nearly one-half its surf| above the lye. This, he assured me, accordin| Mr Jarvis' statement, would convert 10 or 15 lo of loam or muck into J. compost equal to the s£ amount of good stable manure. All these m: rials, sawdust; wool fleshings, hair, lime, pithi horns, and salts from the potash, he had for ren- ing, as thoy were considered a nuisame, am no value by the manufacturers or owners, droppings of the fowls are occasionally sera from the boards over which the hens roosted, put in old casks : in the spring it will be moist ed with urine and ground to pieces with a I and mixed with plaster of Paris, to be afipliei grass land, or put about the corn and potato li at the first or second hoeing ; — he styles it " Y kec guano." He has a strong tight box under back house, in which is frequently thrown gyps or charcoal dust obtained from the coal-pen of village blacksmith : it absorbs the smell, and o in a week or two, the contents of the box mixed with dry peat or sawdust, or some other terial, to absorb the liquid part, and put into tii'ht barrels. This is home-manufactured f drette. His hog-yard, of good size, has been i to the depth of 18 inches, and a good plank fl over the whole, which makes it easy shovell out the manure. The suds from the wash are c veyed to it by a epout, which with the manuri his hogs, mixed with the loain, muck, and ol materials, makes many loads of valuable mam He has tried many experiments that he has E recommended in the agricultural bonks and pap that he has read ; says, after he became " one . twenty," he did not feel obliged in all thingi follow in the " footsteps of his worthy predec sor," his father, and sometimes pursued a r truck, and went upon his own hook. He inte getting a small quantity of guano and gro' bones the coming spring, for the purpose of lest them by the side of oiher manures. Several the kinds he has not yet tried, but from his marks, I feel satis.fied he will find them all val ble helps for increasing his crops, and from the ture of some of them, valuable and permanent provers of his soils. If you think any thing I have written, is wc publishing, it is at your service. Salem, ,'ipi-i! \8ii- Rvery gate-post on the farm should have an ■ gur hole bored in it, to be filled with grease ( plugged up, to grease the latches and hing Want of grease is often observed, but from having it at hand, it is generally never applied. Sctedtd. U. XXII. .V . 15. AND HORTICULTUPxAL REGISTER 335 GUANO AND TURNIPS, few subjects rI the present day are more in- ing to our aijriculiural leaders than llie coni- ve irierits of manures on the various soils, )tice tlie followiiiir statonient made by Mr n, M. P., as Chairman of tlie Swansea Far- Club. At the recent meeting of that Club, ivian said he " would at present only allude rial which he had recently made of three ina- willi Swedish turnip.«. He had divided the into three nearly iqual portions, and had red one part wiili farm-yard manure, another Ibone-duit, and the third with i.Mian-. The i from the two first were good, that from the ihaving rather more leaf than the other, but |;iano crop, which was in the centre of the I hid failed entirely — from what cause he j not. His farm man stated thiit he had iiii.\ed ibusliels of ashes with throe hundred weight lano, and that the manure was drilled in and i;d with an inch and a half of soil under the However, the seed did not vegetate. At Ime time he should met tion that some Nor- iirnip seed thrown broadcast over the ground, ine very well, showing that the guano was hie to vegetation, but that it was ticklish or the farmer to rr.eddle with in turnip crops, ass land he had found it answer well : but this and other artificial manures could be d with the greatest advantage, appeared to ) be on farms that were not easy of access, here the land had been completely run out, for instance, as the farm he had lately taken, crop after grain crop had been grown there, I most instances the crop had been carried off nd. His difficulty was to make a start and le keep for stock, so as to get yard manure, he was endeavoring to do by growing turnips thor green crops, by means of artificial ma- , and in such cases they might be valuable, fter all, the farmer's chief dependence for ma- must be on his own farm-yard." — fi'elsh pap. ■lere is danger attending the immediate appli- 1 of guano as a manure. It should be tlior- y mi.\ed with the soil before tlie seed is jiut ive it. — Card. Chron.] cause they say they have not manure enough to spread over she whole field; some to bring the corn forward earlier ; while others follow this course because their ancestors practiced it. The arguments against this practice are, that it re- quires more labor ; it exposes the seed to more worms, it gives more stalk than corn in proportion, and the land is not left in so good condition for the ne.\t season as when the manure is spread over the ground. The labor of tilling an acre of corn or of pota- toes is so great that no fanner can afford to plant poor ground. If he has but little manure, he should plant but little. He will earn more by la- iioring for his neighbors than by planting ground that is not rich enough for a good harvest. If any one doubts whether he could make his cro(is and his land better by spreading the whole manure over his ground, he can easily try one field or a part of one. It is certain that many farmers raise fine crops of corn, without being at the trouble of doling out messes to each hill. When the manure is spread and partially buried with a plow or a harrow, it is not a good practice to make deep furrows for the seed corn, and a plow is a poor tool for furrowing out the ground. Some farmers drag a draft chain along to make marks for the seed, but this is hard labor. A post four feet in length, with two teeth in it and a pair of shafts for a horse is a better instrument; the teeth should be broad like cultivator teeth, as was stated in our last paper Mass. Ploughman. ripening for some months in the cellar than when it IS first di'j;. — Ibid. [ [Where potatoes are cut for seed, the eyes should be planted as soon after as possible, and not suffered to wilt. Rolling in plaster and lime, after cutting, has been highly recommended, both for promoting growth and keeping off worms.] PLANTING CORN. e season was so forward in the latter part of that soioe farmers planted corn in their fields, ouht whether they ivill gain much in the h by planting thus early ; we shall in all bilily have fro.'^ts that will cut it down and back as far as the corn planted later, and ps kill nuch of it. ople in this latitude seldom commence plunt- irn before May ; what is planted from the. to the aoth, when the season is forward ;h, succeeds as well as any, and we often ste corn that was planted as la'e as llie 'Jjth. the seed for an acre costs but a trifle it is ible to drop more than you expect to have through the season ; for the birds must have and the worms will eat some, so we must late accordingly. 'I'he labor of thinning out nd is not great ; we are paid for it by having ction of the best stalks. Weeds in the hill often be pulled out by the hand, and it ia as lo pull up stalks as weeds. muring in Hills. — A majority of our fanners ollow the old practice of putting a shovelful nure in each hill of corn. Some do it be- POTATO PLANTING. The same objection lies to putting manure into potato hills as into those of corn, though we often plant cold and low grounds with potatoes, where a little manure in the hills is thought to operate to good advantage. But in such ground it will prove better, and more easy, to spread on the manure and trust to the man who buries the potatoes to haul in some of it to each hill ; in this way you avail yourself of the advantage of both methods — of spreading and of manuring in hills. It seems not yet fuliy settled whether it is proper to cut potatoes for planting. We sometimes have a good harvest when, nothing but the eyes are planted, but we think we are not so sure of it. It is reasonable to suppose that by a continued course of planting, the si/able and best shaped potatoes, we may keep up the species better than by cutting the seed or by planting the small and refuse pota- toes. It is very certain that potatoes will not thrive so well when planted for a number of years on the same ground, as by shifting, or rotation. There seems to be something poisonous about the vines and the rootlets of potatoes that not only unfits the ground for a succession of potato crops, but other crops following are also affected. It is advisable in all cases to avoid plantitig the same ground twice with this root, for two years in succes.^ioii. If you wish your potatoes to ripen in the ground you should plant early. When planted late, they will sometimes yield a larger quantity than when planted early, because early ones are sometimes cut short by a dry turn of weather at a critical time in their growth. But as such dry times are more likely to happen late than early in the season, you run more riek by late planting. The Long Red, or Long John, seldom has time to ripen in the field ; it is therefore better for the table alter MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ExumiTioN or fruits. SalurJay, jjpril 20, I8<14. Apples, from Mr C. Tinkham, of Qimkerville, Vt., presented by Samuel Downer, Esq., of Dor- chester. The appearance of the apple was fine : flavor seoond rate. Pears, hy Mr Henry Vandine, of Cambridgeporl. The tree was obtained from Flushing, L J., as the Beurre Spencc. It is probably a good baking pear, of second size — flavor as an eating fruit, very poor. Who has the Beurre Spence? we should like to see a specimen when in eatin". For the Committee, S. Walker, Ch'mn. EXHIBITION OK FRUITS. Saturday, .^pril 27, 1844. J. F. Allen, Esq., of Salem, presented a very fine bunch of Black Hamburg Grapes — the berries were large and the bloom rich and fine. For the Committee, S. Walker, Chm'n. EXHIBITION OF VFGETABLES. Saturday, Jlpril 27, 1844. From John Bumstead, Roxbury, a brace of very fine Cucumbers. The specimens did his gardener great credit. For the Committee, S. Walker. Cabbage Plants and Caterpillars. — Win. Lever, near this city, having on hand some hundred thou- sand of spring cabbage plants, of a rare growth, and beautiful flavor, was some two or three weeks ago sore dismayed on beholding the frightful havoc made on them by caterpillars, which threat- ened immediate ruin to his crop. Mr Lever pro- vided himself with a large quantity of very finely sifted sand, and by the simple plan of dusting the plants regularly before the dew had vanished, has most signally succeeded, for they are now in a most healthy condition, and the proprietor is realiz- ing a good harvest from the proceeds — Conncc/icii( paper. Green Cornstalks make Rich Milk. — At a late meeting of the Farmers' Club in New York, Mr Morris, of Morrisania, stated that he kept a dairy of 12(5 cows, to supply the New York market with milk. That he feeds them on green corn — he sows his corn broadcast — and eays it makes better and richer milk than any other feed he has used, and there can be no doubt but that it produces more provender than any other vegetable. Mr Morris' statement exactly coincides with our no- tion. So much saccharine matter as cornstalki yield, must make rich milk.— .Conn. Far. Gaz. Mutilating shade trees and shrubbery is a penal offence in Maryland, as it should be everywhere. The person who has the disposition to commit such an act, wo should suppose capable of stealing a sheep or robbing a hen-roost. 356 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, MAT 8, 1S4 PLYMOUTH AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Report of I he Supervisor for 1843. (Cnntinued.) A claim was seasonably entered to the premium offered for an experiment in the application of salt- petre to land, by Nathan Whitman, of E. I'ridge- water. The experiment has been satisfactorily conducted ; and the result is, one square rod on the half acre where ten loads of barn manure were spread and plowed in, the proddce was 47 1-2 lbs. of Indian coin, e(|ual to 101 2.') 75 biisliels per acre ; one rod of an adjoining half acre on which 100 lbs. of saltpetre were sown, produced 48 1-4 lbs., equal to 10270-7.) bushels per acre. In all experiments of this kind, there is room for some doubt concern- inij the accuracy of the reported result. There may be dili'^rence in the strength of the soil, which IK not perceived or not noted : when the harvest of a sinirle rod is made tlie test of the product of the whole field, we are exposed to mistake in the se- lection. In this instance, we believe tlic applicant took an acre of as even quality as he could easily liiid on his farm. A cursory observer would proba- bly think the soil on the half acre dressed with ma- nure, rather the most energetic ; but it is possible that the reverse is true. Repeated experiments will be necessary to show conclusively to what ex- tent it will be for the interest of farmers to apfily saltpetre to their fields. In appearance this has been a fair experiment, the plowing and cultivating on both hiilf acres were the same, the result is suf- ficient encouragement to make other trials with the article. We suppose it always will have far less enduring influence on the soil than barn ma- nure, but if It will always give a larger single crop of grain, the occasional use of it may very much advance the interests of farmers. The committee recommend the award of the premium of $10 to Mr Whitman. Galen Manley, of N. Bridfjewatcr, has made an experiment in the application of bone manure in consistence wjih the conditions on which a pre- rniiiin for that object is offered. Mr iM. selected abo'jt an acre of land of apparent even quality ; on 91 rods he spread ten loads of barn manure ; on 82 rods twenty bushel.^ of ground bones, then sowed three bushels of barley, cultivated and rolled. The 91 rods produced 14 3-4 bush., equal to 25 bush. 3 pecks 5 quarts and 1 pint per acre; the 82 rods dressed with iO bush, bones, 13 3 4 bush., equal to 2G bush. 3 pecks 2 quarts I pint per acre. This experiment seems to have been fairly made. Perhaps Mr M. was not very judi- cious in the choice of a crop: few if any of the summer grains, do well when barn manure is ap- plied in the year of sowing. It would have been a more exact experiinont had there been only 80 rods manured and the same quantity dressed with bones. The committee recoumiend the award to Mr Manley of the premium, $12. Five claims were regularly entered to the pre- miums offered for the largest quantities, and the richest couipost manure. The claimants have all of them done soniothihg worthy of commendation in composting and applying inanure to their fields ; but if the Trustees could obtain no know|ed;;e of the amount and merit of their labors beyond what can be drawn from the statements accompTnying this report, they certainly would not think of be- Btowinir reward in any shape. Why is it so diffi- cult — shall we be obliged ultimntely to say im- possible ?— to persuade farmers to give any thing like correct statements of their operations and the reasons of them ? On the subject of manure it is of little importance to us, or to the public, to be informed how many loads of earth a man has cart- ed into his barn or hog-yard, if we be left in igno- rance concerning the time it remained there, the operations performed on it, the means employed to absorb the droppings of the stable and sty, and to prevent llie escape of the richest gas. Full state- ments concerning compost heaps are of first im- portance, yet we often find them more imperfect than almost any others placed in our hands. Do applicants regard this too homely a subject for many remarks ? Would they manifest their deli- cacy in the confinement of their language and la- bors on the subject to the barn and hog-stye, then they must expose themselves to trreat danger of wounding the delicate feelings of all visitants at the domicil by the offensive efBuvia of the back yards of the house, particularly where the sink- spout empties. Careful composting of manure, wherever materials can be found at the house or barn, is productive of cleanliness : this, in a moral view, is at least a half virtue, and a whole one in view of bodily health and comfort. Refine as we may in our language or our supposed tastes for cleanly labors, we cannot easily shut our eyes to the fact, that, through all creation, life is subsisted on death ; therefore we can neither be prudent men nor thrifty farmers without continual study and la- bor in the application of the decayed substances around us to purposes of vegetation. The commit- tee think it would not be right to award the pre- miums with 80 slender evidence as has been pre- sented of extraordinary exertion ; but, willing to notice every degree of merit, they hope the Trus. tecs will bestow the following gratuities, viz: to Gnlen IManloy, of N. Bridnewater, .$9; to Paul Hathaway .$7; to Nahnm Tribou $6; to Geo. W. Wood $5, of Middleborough ; and to Jonathan Copeland, of W. Bridsewater, $4. To the premiums offered for experiment in rais- ing Indian corn, five claims have been entered. Nahiim Tribou, of IMiddlcborough, partially made the required experiment. He planted half an acre in hills and the same quantity in drills, not how- ever, with so much accuracy as was desirable. In the culture of corn, Mr T. seems not to have re- ceded far from the tradition of the fathers. He puts all the manure under the corn, and in the til- lage raises very considerable hillocks, a practice inconsistent both with reason and experience. Through the misunderstanding of Mr T.'s laborers, the stalks were all cut in that part of the field planted in hills. We there weighed the produce of only one rod ; it gave 30 lbs., equal to 64 bush- els per acre : on the part in drills, a rod was weighed where the stalks were cut, and gave 3 ichole grain was employed. In May, 1^42, .Mr A. A. Hayes, of Roxbury, ex- )ite■ ^ X\H. NO. 44. k- AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 859 Tlllill.MO.MKTIlirAL. Uflicrltillur llic New Kni!l:in(l Kariii»i. ge if l!ip riiPi inipnioter:il live naidennf llie |jr(>| ;Vew Knglanil Fanner, liriglilon. M-.tm in a erlyoxpnsure.toilieweek emling May 5. tncfurrt 1 HOPS. Oiiiv 211 per cent. I The iransaclion"! ol llie week comprise about 2fiu tiales first sort, lor export, and one or two parcels, for lioine con- siiniplion. Isi sort M.tsi 1R43, 111. 6J a 7 ; 2d do 4) a5 H A V, I ! lo If. per ton- Kastern Screwed Slu to 12. E(Jl^S 12 a II. »y, 1844. 7 A.M. 1 12. M. 5,P.M. Wind. ay, 20 45 60 57 N. W. lay. 3.1 36 6t 54 E. \e»dav. 1 53 77 73 S. 2 62 90 fi5 S. y. day, ay. 3 57 82 70 S. K. 4 4J 6il 51 E. 5 4S 70 75 N. W. KiH I'O.N iM.\KKKT — MoMiAf, May G, IH4J Kei'nrlett fur (he N. 1-". Farmer. MarUe- 500 Beef Cattle, 15 pairs Working Oxen, Sheep, and 2000 Swine. CO Beef Ciittle unsold. ,„ICK3.— flee/ C'««/<.— Prices have declined and educe our quotations. Extra $5,25 a .5,37. First ty $5,Cf ; second quality $4 50 a 4,75 ; third qunl- ;3 7oh4. a few cattle were sold on Saturday at ithing I. ore than our highest quotations. orliinz Oien — No sales noticed. ecp.— Dull. Small lots from $1,25 to $3,75. ithers from 3,00 to $4,50. Pine.— Lots to peddle 5 1-4 a 5 1-2 for bows, and I a6 1-2 for harrows. A very choice lot 5 3-4 a ,. Old Ho;;s from 4 lo 5. At retailfrum 5 to 7 1-2 FARM FOR %\l.V. One of the most pleasant situations in the middle of the town "f Pepperell— the farm of the late Rev. James Howe, ronlainiuK 44 acres of first rule land, well divided iiilo mow- in?, nllafie, pasuiriti^ ami wood land, well watered and liMiced, with a two story hmise and two hams, one 3ii hy 40 . !eet, wiih a cellar under the same, ami all other convenient ! out build MISS. There are a vjneiy of fruit trees on the lorm 1 Terms easy. For further particulars inquire n! SETII NA- SON, on the premisen, or to JOSEPH iiRECK & CO., 01 and 82 North Market Street, Boston. April 20. WIIOLF.SALK PRICES CURRENT. Corrected icilh great cnre, weekly. ^EDS Herds rjrass, 82 00 to 2 12 per bushel Red Top 3 70 cents. Clover— Northern, 9 to 10c. -Southern 8 Elax Seed. 31 60 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. 4ry Seed, fJ on per bushel. RAIN. About all the late arrivals have either been or gone into store. The demand for Corn continues .ed, and present quoted rEtes are barely obtainable. ,r„_Northera. new, bushel nO to 00— Southern, round ,w old 51 a 5>— Southern flat yellow, new, 48 a 50— do' while 47 a 43-do New Orleans, 00 a 00-Barley 00 —Rye, Northern, 73 a 75— do. Southern, 70 a 72 — South=rn 30 a 32— Northern do. 00 to 37J— Beans, per lel 1 00 at' 62.— Shorts, per double hush. UO a 0 0— Bran, . 00. LOUR. There has been a good demand throughout week, -.hii-h increased considerably at the close, wilh a er feeling among holders. Several large parcels in llie kel are still limited above present prices. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. SO on a 5 00 -do ,rf SO 00a4 37-do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 5 oo-Ph. a- ahia do. 4 mos. SO 00 a 4 S7 -Kreder.ckshurg. low I'd 4 - 84 87 a 4 94— Alexandria, wharf mountain, n 00 a 0 on. leor"ein-,vn 8-4 87 a 6 50-Richniond Canal, S4 87 a 5 00 o c'liv Soooaiioo—Petershurgh, South sideSo OOaS 25 o' (.;ountrvS4 =17 a 5 00— Genesee, common, cash, S5 06 a >1 do fancy l.rands S5 13 a 5 37 - Ohio^ via Canal, 'in a 0 00— do do ^'ew Orleans, cash S4 87 a S 12. Kye, 50 a 0 OO-lndiau Meal in bids. S2 87 a 3 00- ROVISION-S. The market has been very languid DU"hout the week, and prices are a shade lower for near- ilflhe arlicles under this head. The sales correspond to present quotations. ieef-Mess 4 no. new bbl. 36 75 a7 00— Navy-3C 00 a - _Nn 1 S.-, 50 I 6 oo-do Prime S5 no a 5 2.-.— Pork— ira clear 4 mo bhl. S12 50 a 00 oo-do Clear SH 00 a 1 1 50 Mess S9 00 a B 76— do Prime S7 60 a 7 75-do Mess m oiber Stales— a do Prime ilo do So 00 a o 00 Cargo do. 0 00 a 0 00 -Clear do do Soo 00 a 00 00- tter ihipping, 15 a 18-do store, uninspected, 10 a 12-do rv lacts. a 20-Lard, No. 1, Boston ms. 00 a 0 -do all', and Western. 5i a 65 - Ham.=., Boston, ^ a ^ - jlhern and Western, 6 a 6i-Clieese, Ship'g and 4 meal, , 4^ —do new milk, 4i a 5^. iVOOl Duty The value whereof at the place of ei- •lation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, nd All whereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. Time or Saxony Fleeces,jvashed,lh^ 43 a 60 c^- POTTA'VVATTAMIF. BEAN. The subscribers are happy to inform their customers and friends thai ihcy have received a new and superb variety ol early BUSH BEAN, of excellent flavor, and very prolific. It surpasses in beauty any variety now culiiv^itod among us. The name of " Potla'waliamie" has been given to it on ac- count of Its having been received from that trilie of Indians in Iowa, by whom it is cullivaled. Price 37^ cents per quart. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 1", 1844. SPLENDID FLOWER SEEDS. The subscribers have received the following choice Flow- er Seeds which they offer at 6 1-4 cents per package, except those marked otherwise. Extra fine German Asters, 8 varieties. Fine double Balsams (sorts.) Extra fine do 12.^ cents- Cosmos bipinnatns 12 " Campanula pulcherriina 12.^ cents. pyramidalis alba 12^ cents. do azurea 124 cents. Chinese Primrose 12i cents. Cleome Grandiflnra 125 cents Didiacus cerulea 124 cents. Erysimum PerofTskiana. Geraniums, from superb flowers 334 cents. Lupinus pollyphyllus 124 cents. var alba 124 cents _ rivularis 124 cents. - CrookshanUii 124 cents. splendens 124 cents. ■ odoratus 124 cents. (nil and gen- Lophospermum Siandem 124 cents. Mimulus Hudsnnia 124 cents. cardinalis splendens 124 cents. Madagascar periwinkle 124 cents. Pentstcmon Millerii 1 '4 cents ■ hybridus 124 " . eentianoides 124 cents. splenrtens 124 " Salpi^lossis, fine sorts 124 " Schizanthus Hookerii I2i " oblusifolia. . new white. humilus. pinnala. Pnrlulacci Gilesii, 25 cents. Phlox Drummondi 124 " Verbena, fine scarlet, and from other choice sorls aubletia urlicifolia— With many other rare sorts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 19, 1844. PINE BO.NE MAIVCRE. The subscribers have on hand. Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bone Manure, mixed with the marrow of the lone. It was produced from a maniifaclory when the bone was saw- ed in a wet state. It must be a very valuable article. Also, Filly Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- pally saw dust, and the refuse of a manufaclorv. March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. 124 cts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND A^TLeullitTal Warehouse s.:ed store. fi| and 52 N^irlh Market Streei, Bosio JOSEPH BRECK & CO. having received ; cral assortment of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW- ER .SEEDS, worthy of culiivatinn, confidently recommend them as being pure and of the first qualiiies, unmixed with other varieties; ihey have no hesitation in saying Ihat their colieclion of Seeds is the best, and of the greatest variety ever ofiered for sale at any establishment in the U. Stales, and would inviie all lo send 01 their orders as soon as pos- sible, that they may supply themselves with the choicest va- rieties in good season lor ihe .Spring planlmg. The following are a few of the most important kinds which they oficr wholesale and relail, viz : Ph'.AS. Cede Null!, Hills' Early, Early Dwarf, do. Charlion, do. Frame, do. Warwick, Improved liliie Imperial, Woodford's Dwarf Marrow, Bishop's Dwarf, for borders, Knights' Dwarf, Dwarf Marrowfats, Tall do. HEANS. Lima. Saba, Horticultuml Pole, Dwarf China, do. Mo- hawk, do. Marrow, Red Cranberrj Pole, White do. do. Kid- ney Pole, Dwarf Kidney, do. (JIase kiiile, do. Six Weeks, &c. CABBAGES. Large Late Drumhead, Late Sogar loaf. Green Globe So- vov, Retl Dutch, Low Dutch, Early York, Batlersca, Va- nack, Hope, Early Sugar-loal, with a complete variety of other kinds. Long Blood and Tnrnip Beds, French Sogar Beets Man 2el Wurtzel, Ruia Baga, Long Orange, Early Horn and White Field Carrots, Early and Late Cauliflowers, Broc. colls of all sorls. Cucumbers, Melons, Squashes, sweet Mar- jorum, Sage. Summer .Savory, Thyme, aiKl Turnips, more than tweniy fine varieties. They have just received per Ship Miyerva, a fine and choice lot of new Flower .Seeos, which together wiih an assort- ment of over four hundred kinds, comprise the most com- plete collection ever offered (or sale. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, Shrubs, Grape Vines, Roses, Dahlias, Green house Plants, Rhubarb and Asparajus Roots, and all Nursery productions furnished at one day's notice, and when requested, can be packed in mats and boxes, so as 10 be sent to Europe or any part of America. Dealers supplied on the most liberal terms with Seeds of various sizes, containing a complete assortment, neatly put up in papers, labelled and sealed ready lor relail, with print- ed directions on each package for its managemeni and cul- tivation. GRASS SEEDS, Ai wholesale and retail, at llie lowest market prices. Also, Keulueky Blue Glass, a first rate article for Lawns. (;inver Seed. ReO and While, Orchard Grass, Oat GrasR, Fowl Meadow, Northern and Soulhern Red Top, Barley, Oats, Millet. Rhoile Island Grass, Buckwheat, &c., &c., of ihe best qnalily and for sale low. AGRICULTIRAL BOOKS of all kinds, coustantly on hanii. AORICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz :— 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2"0 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutlers, 50 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- tatde Cutlers, 50 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles. lOo Ox Yokes, ISflU Doz Scythe Slonee, 3000 do Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, I6'J do. Common do. lOii do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patenl Snuiihs,200do Common do., 600 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 20u do. .Manure Forks, 3' odo. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do. 50 doz Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Amer- a 10— Do. 1-2 do - Smyrna Sheep, unwashed, 10 a 17 — I'.engasi do . -Buenos Avres unpicked, " a 10 — "do picke.r 10 a 15— Superfine N.irthern pulled Iamb 37 io_No. 1 do. do. dn. 32 a 35— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30— 0. 3 do do do 13 a 20. n full blood, do 43 a 45— Do. 3-4 do 37 a 3) '4 i*"'' common do 28 a 32 ished, 20 a 25— Do. il3— Saxony, clean, 00 PINE PICOTEK PINK SBED. The subscribers hare for sale a few packages of Pink Seed, saved from the varieties of double Pinks which were exhibited by them at the Horticultural Rooms, and for which thev obtained premiums the last season. This is pro- bably ihe finest seed of American growth ever offered for sale. Price 25 cents per package. Also exlra fine English Picolce and Carnation seed at 124 cents per package. JOSEPH B:on and other Roses; Tree and other splend Preonies of different colors. Also, Myall's Victoria ai other new kinds ot Rhubarb, double Dahlias, &c. &c. All orders addressed to the subscriber will be prompt attended to, and Trees when so ordered will be secure packed in mats and moss for safe transport to all dista places, and delivered in the city by the .vagoii which go hither daily, or shipped lo order, or per railroad. Ordt may be leli with Joseph Breck & Co. 51 & 52 North Me ket street, John G. Locke, Esq., or Eliphalet Wlieeler, Es' Framingham. WILLIAM KENRICK. March C. eplMl5 Nonanlum Hill. Newton. SCIONS FOR GRAFTING. , Those who wish to obtain Scions for grafting, are remin Great improvements hare been made the past year in the i ed that this month is the lime to cut grafts. Ji is imporla form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould hi ard ' that orders should be sent during the mnnlh lo ensure ej has been sn formed as to lay th.e fyrrmc completely oner ! cuiion, as it is impossible lo keep a full assorlmeot on ban turninor in erery particle of g-rass or sliMlc,and lenvin^ Ihe | We have a supply of the following, cut from bearing tree HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. ground in the best possible manner. The length of' the mould board has b< n very much increased, so that the Plough works wilh the greatest ease, both with respect to the holding and the team. The Committee at the late trial of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Ploughs we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo the inquirer, if your land is innsily light and easy lo work, try Prouty &. Mears, buiif your landis heavy, hard orrocl.y, BEGIN WITH Mn. HoWAUD's '■ Al the above mer.t:oned trial the Howard Plough did more work, icith the same p»:rer of team than ami other \ "'"**^" ' . ,, , ru ■ ■ ., . t.-. ■ l „j i. Vl-/ I K ,1 . J •t-u.,i,iHau any o"icr n,^^! on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones bun ploui^h exhioued. No ,jtlier turned more than twenivset-en ■ l- i ■ j T i u ' 1° . ,,- • , . ., ,,,'.""". '"■^".'J?"^" i in this manner are becomingdaily morein use, and wherevi used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be allacl ed 10 stones hung in the common way. f^'or sale by . BRECK cfc Co., No. 51 North Markei'strcei. VIZ : Apples — Baldwin, Greening, Ruxbury Russet, Portt Hnbbardston, Nonsuch, and other varieties. Pears- Parfletl. Seckle, Jargonelle, and other varietii can be cut if ordered. Also, Plum and Cherry Scions. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston. March 20, 18^4. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION RO'^LERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers an moved wilh a foot treader, are found lobe a great iinprovt and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while the | Howard Plovgh tamed ticentynine and one half inches, to the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially made. There has beeii quite an improvement made on the shoe, or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed without having to furnish a new laiidside; this shoe likewise seciiies the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 lo 315. A Ploneh sufficient for breaking up wilh four cattle, will cost about «iO GO, and with cuucr Si, wilh wheel and cutter, S2 00 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Slore, Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. N E AV ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $-2 53 if not pai within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law lo frank a subscriptions and remittancts for newspapers, wiliioi expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DEIfWETT. PRINTEKS- 21 School Stlree. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AoaieuLTOBAi. Wabehoube.) XX no BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 15, 184^. [XO. 4C. FARMER. From the Farmer's Caliiiiet. OBACCO AROUND PEACH TREES. Eduor — I liave read with interest in different ers of llio Ciibi.u't. articles respecting- the dations of the insect .^s;cria exitiosa, upon each tree, and have seen various remedies siJ. I, too, am induced to offer one, as sim- s I believe il is effectual, viz: an application lacco in the following manner. In the latter >( si,.iii;,f or early part of Bunimor, scrape the from around the body of the tree, to the of one to three inches, being particularly ul not to injure the crown of the roots ; fill lasiii thus formed, with trash tobacco from the I, and envelope the boll of the tree to the lit of three or four inches, with the stems or s. ! do lut offer this as a means to renovate leased tree, but as a preventive, the effii;iency lich has been tested for nineteen years, by icl Wood, one of the most noted nurserymen .'Xtensive fruit-growers in ihi^ section ofcoun- and alno by other practical farmers with un- or success. The efficacy of tobacco when ap- in tliis nianne-, appears to result in its nni- il ru'HSsoiiii. ss. The place which tliis insect ts fcr dopo, iiirg its ecrge, is the junction of loll of the tree with tie surface of the ground, findir.g there ii substance which is loathsome , it clooses rather to wino its way to the or- d of a less provident neighbor, than to consign ggs, and consequently to trust the reproduction :s species to a tree so fortified against its at- s. I am aware that some may lie prejudiced nst this remedy on account uf its simplicity ; it II ^v be well to remember, that simple inven- s and simple remedies are often the most valu- A I'uCKhVE Farsier. mithjield, Ohio. lars, and I am sure the stock will appear far better at the opening of the spring. You will perceive that ttie respective value of vegetables for food is six cents a bu-fiel, while hay is at ten, and straw at four. It may be said there is some cost in preparing the vegct.ihle food, but this is more than compensated, if properly done, by the extra quantities of manure made." Thus it appears that 20 lbs. of straw and 8 Ib.f. of roots mixed, are more valuable than 20 lbs. of good hay, while the actual cost is much less. Four- teen tons of roots are a moderate crop per acre, while the average of hoy will fall considerably be- low two tons to the acre. The advantage in fa- vor of the turnip is thus perfectly apparent, and the farmer who persists in mowing his twenty or forty acres, which would furnish roots sufficient, if mixed with the straw which might be grown on the remainder, to l;eep his animals far better than the hay, and leave the grain crop nearly a clear profit, is clearly acting against his true interests. Again we say to our farmers, you did well last year by so extensively entering upon the culture of roots; you will do better this year by greatly extending their cultivation. — Ezch. pop. engorgement, I will not say ; but as you ore a doc- tor, I will leave it to you to decide. J. L. TIME From llie Albany Culliratiir, METHOD OP ROOTS vs. HAY. Vc t:.l cows, and 3 horses. I have raised this 3on for the use of my stock, 5.544 bushels of etabio"*, all to be cut and fed out with cut w. As to the respective value of the vegeta- fooJ, tl.'O loUowing statement will perhaps best ibii it. have commenced feeding and shall continue to d, J 1 head of horned cattle wiili 2l) I'js. of cut iw cell per day, 4 cts. for each 20 lbs., 5() cts. ID to each, 8 lt>s. of roots gratod, mixed with iw, 3 cents — 42 cts. And now allow 150 days the season of feeding, at I'b cts., is .$147. The ac slock would require 10 His. of hay each per ' for l.'iO days ; they would consume 42,000 lbs., lal to 21 tons; at the moderate price of .$10 per , ,'*2I0. Bilance in favor of root feed, 0.3 dol- Froni the Maine Farmer. ACCIDENTS AND OBSERVATIONS. Some years ago, I sowed about half an acre of wheat near my barn ; my neighbors' hens came on it and began their scratching, and as I did not want to quarrel with my neighbors, I let them scratch. But in despite of biddies' scratching, (fur they scratched the piece nearly all over,) the wheat came up well and grew thick and even, and at harvest time I had some over 18 bu.<:hel.<. Last year, I sowed half of a bushel of wheat on a part of the same ground above mentioned, and my hens, and those of others, immediately went to work and scratched it nearly or quite over ; they followed this business daily for some lime, but the wheat came up thick and grew well, and 1 had a good crop for any year, considering how much the apple trees shaded it. I sowed about four bushels of wheat besides, on ground nearly or quite as favorable for a crop ; it came up well, but soon after, tlio worms and fly destroyed it so that I had more from the half bush- el where th- hens scratched it over, than I had from all the reinaiiuler. So, is it not a fact that hens save more spires of wheat by destroying grubs and worms, itian they destroy by picking up the grain ? — for all they get is that which is so near the top of the ground, that, if it ever comes up, when dry weather comes, the roots (for grain roots are all lateral,) dry up, and I have even seen the grain itself shriveled and dry, and perhaps the next day, after a sliowur, the same kernel would be swollen as though it was ready to burst, and the roots were in a similar condition. Now, such wheat is always troubled with the ytllows — whether the yellow jaundice or the yel- lows from dyspepsia, brougfit on by abstinence and FOR CUTTING AND CURING HAY. Having been requested to iniiku known tlie ex- periments I have tried and fully tested, I now sub- mit thein pro bono publico, witli ah due deference to the opinions of my seniors in agriculture. My practice is to commence cutting when one- third of the blossoms of clover have turned brown, and the timothy just parting with its bloom. The grass thus cut is drawn immediately into llie barn, and one bushel of fine salt spread by hand ihinly over each alternate layer composing a ton, as it is slowed away in ihe mow. Tlie salt prevents mow burning, moulding, &c., and the stock are induced to eat it as greedily as ihey would new mown nrass, which it nearly resembles, as its most nutri- tious juices are preserved, being diffused through the stem of the entire plant at that period of its growth. If left on the ground until tlie seed ri- pens, the saccharine juice of the plant is lost. The principal desire of ihe fanner should be to preserve the green appearance of his hay, and at the same time make it tender and palatable to his slock. The fermentation which ensues after it is housed, secures that object, and prevents tl e inevi- table injury to his meadows which follows ipen- ino- grasses. By early harvesting he obtain- a lux- uriant growth of aftermath or rowen, almost as nutricious as the first, and as much relished by cattle, but peculiarly adapted to sheep. Yours, respectful Iv, R. L. PELL. Pelham, Ulster Co., M Y. Ciiution to Farmers. — On Thursday, 14 young cattle, belonging to Mr Duinbell, near this town, (Douglass, Isle of Man.) were suddenly seized nitfi illness while grazing in a meadow, and in a few hours three of them died. An experienced farrier was sent for with haste. On his arrival, he in- stantly set about ascertaining the cause of sickness and consequent death. On examining the stom- achs of the cattle that had died, each was found to contain a qnautily of the roots of common Hem- lock. He saved the other II animals by inimedi- atc bleeding, and giving them pounded chalk and other ingiedients in warm milk. Il appears that the cause of the hemlock roots coming within the reach of the animals, originated in the drains throughoDt the meadow liaving been recently opened, and in turning up the earth, brge i|uanlities of the roots of this deadly poison tiad been dug up, and strewn upon the surface. 1 his should operate as a cau- tion to formers not to turn cattle into boggy pas- tures while the operation of clearing drains is be- in made of it in this instance, was highly tfatisfiicttl and contirms the opinion I have luiig entcriaii! that more attention ought to he paid to the prn formation o! dung-heaps, as well as to the inak and prestrving of liquid manure in tanks, &c., l! 13 the eem ral practice. Were this the case, I persuaded it would be far more advantigeoui the farmer, than spending his money for fore i substances, rii>t more powerful than those wh i may be ohtaineil, at much less cost, l/um ol agents within reach, if the means are only adif to secure them. Here we have the fact of iLs oi mon dramings of the farm-yard giving a ret equal to that obtained from the finest r;i:inuri which we have any knowledge. The quan used was 100 gallons, or 1000 gallons per a not in the strong, brown colored state it appc when running from the stables or cattle liou but diluted with water until it resembled whs commonly used for gardening purposes. It is ficult tn make the general reader iinder^'and t. but I should think one, gallon of the dark-ooli liquid, to two gallons of water, would be near right proportions. The appearance of the g was remarkably strong and healthy. The wo of straw was 300 lbs.; of grain, 25C lbs., or 52 bushels per acre. If the effects of guano and some of the o manures were such as to excite surprise, I tl the result of this experiment will appear no remarkable, as it supplies us with evidence in p of the great value of liquid manure, wliicli, I gret to say, is either little attended to, or wli permitted to rirn to waste. In this partrciilar, I lieve it will bo generally admitted there is g room for improvement ; and it is to be hoped time is not far distant when the facts deriverl I these and similar experiments, will be the mi of causing a better system of management lu introduced. A portion of equal extent to those allottee each experiment was set apart for comiirison, and at the end of a week I had no difficulty in found to produce, without manure, in straw 23^ I pointing out every spot where the guano had been used. 4. Sulphate of JJmmnnia. — A small quantity of this salt was sent me from Hristol, with the follow- ing directions : " The quantity usually applied is about 2 cwt. per acre. Upon grass lands or grow, ing crops, it may be sown broadcast; or in pre- paring the land for seeds, it may be harrowed light- ly into the ground ; or it may be mixed up in any proportion with soil or any decayed vegetable mat- ter that may be most easily procured." In the present case, the quantity used w-as 22 12 lbs., which after being reduced and made tolerably fine, was sown by lianil unmixed with any other sub- stance. A fortnight after tlio application, I re- marked a trifling difference in the color of the young plants, which seemed to be of a paler green than those adjoining ; but this soon changed, and was succeeded by a line healthy green, which they retained during the rest of the season. The crop was about the same thickness as where the guano was used, and of an average height.- The produce gave of straw, 200 lbs. ; of grain, 232 lbs. ; equal to 47 1-2 bushels per acre. Between this and guano, there is a difference in favor of the latter of 18 lbs. in the weight of straw, and 20 lbs. in ill gram, 200 lbs., or at the rate of 40 bushels acre. The subjoined table will more readily show results of the several experiments : Kind of Manure. Produce per Notliing, 40 b 1. Nitr.-ite of soda, 2. Sulphate of soda, 3. Guano, 4. Sulph. of ammonia, 5. Dramings of farm-yards, W 37 1-0 43 3-4 50 47 1-2 52 12 15. BOOTl Leaves are the lungs of plants ; thoy take i gen from the air and emit carbonic ac:d, whit composed of oxygen and carbon. Wliiie the mer goes off, the latter remains and converts sap into a kind of pulp, a part of which ronsis carbon. The pulp passes from thfc o,.i'i r ui under side of the leaf. The cells wriei'-- i' • lodges being yelloiv, and the carbon of a darK I they form together the green color of the lo and young bark. — Selected. Never drive a toad from your garden : they useful in destroying noxious bu^s. L. XSI'- N"'» 48- AND HORTICULTUi^AL REGISTER. 363 FiPi'iloin VVIiilman, of Easl Bridgewiilor. ia con- si(I>reil critilU'J to the preniiimi offered for the greatPSl iiumitity of carrols raised on a quarter of nn acre, $5, liavinj; raised o fniclii.n over 101 bushels; aUci U) ihc prfiiiimii for the t'reatest ()uuntity of sonar hi'ets, $5, hJiviii^,' raised a fr.ic- V , - - - . , tion over 2U0 bushels on a qiMirler of nil acre. Mr iffht US' Tiiliy have been more expiicit on some ^y 1,^3 jjiven a very particular stnleiiient of tlie " ' ' ■'-"">"- ° "''"•'"" coniliti.in of his luiid, and a detailed account of the culiivuiioii. Galen Manley, ie entill<'ff'--^. have ..ot been en- Mr =^^^^^^^^ con, which, in connec- ly fulfilled, .0 «-7-„;'';7'7 J^;l7; i:„^ slmlFar one by myself, I am inclined idiug so,,,, reward for wha '^^ ^^'^"j;""; ,,,,t„^i.st«nding the great length of this report, ng thut luture applicants wul be ■" « ""^ ^' ^^^^ ,„ ,,^^,,, ° „„ t„; , ,th of Sept. Mr H. cut up he ..xaminarmn ol conditions. ^ J . 'f " 7 J Lventy-five htlls in a field and stocked the corn ; it, "Tinulir.nce. It is recoiiiiuenueu tiiat luc p ^"'■1 . ,, . , ■,, , ..1 ■„ii.„ ^ ,ui I "15 he awarded to J,„i,.|, Whit- from twenty-five neighboring hills he cut the stalk audt e;e^^omlof $10, .0 Leonard llill. It and left twenty-five w„h ihe stalks on. About , ami tiie se .OIK 01 ij. V, .-.-,„ „.,;,, the Ctli of Oct. he harvested separately and weigli- Iso rocnmmended that a gratuity of $ bo pa d '^ ,„enty.five hills where the stalks were . aul ^/-l-7y-7'-' ''/.*;• i^bi;""^'"" "--"'- i gave 35 Ibs.'equal to C.I 20-75 bus. per acre- d, and one of *3 lo Nahum Iribou. » > fM lUTH .AGR.ICUI.TURAL SOCIETy. Report of tl,e Svpenisor for 1843. (Concluded.) siah Whitmnn, of East Bridgewater, has given ler stJftement of Ins experiment in raising Iii- rorn than it is common to rrccive, but even US' riiliy have been more explicit on some s. He does not describe the manure placed r llm corn so accurately as ho might, and X to have done. He tolls us it was from the am! hog yards ; we are left to conjecture her It was chiefly the droppings of animals or ak comi OS!. Mr. W. is sensible that his first iiig was too 8hoal ; the after management verv wril, with the exception of placing more half his manure under the corn. We were the hills had not been at an equal distance ways, Ih'' experiment would have shewn more raiely tl.o advantage of planting in drills. •e was also another mistake in planting two s of corn. On a rod in hills, stalks cut, there ] ■ 44 lbs. equal to 93 05-7.5 bushels per acre ; s ni • cut. 45 lbs., equal to 96 bushels per acre ; red in dr.Us, 45 lbs., equal to 96 bush, per ; stalks n>, tout, 74 lbs., equal to 100 20-75 «ls per acre. "e think all the applicants might profitably left more spires of corn on an acre. The in- ««! of the sun and light on plants are very t, but we b-'lieve when the furrows run from 1 10 south and are only three leet apart, tliese ences 'vil! be sudirient, and in close plaining lulliva'ion of the field is likely to be much ; ih'iroL'gh, a very important circumstance in ijct'.ig tlie crop. The statements given of the ■ nse "of laising an acre of corn are far more ising ;ha'i instructive; they range nearly all »vayf.-omS20 to .$66 ; too carelessly formed, ife^ty l) guide any one. A single item in of the statements will prove this. An appli- charges tweWe dollars for twelve cords of ma- ; twelve dollars for carting it on to hi? field planting. It is of considerable importance the public should bo correctly informed what le difference in expense of cultivating in drills ills ; we are. furnished by the nppliCRiits with ling satisfactory on this subject. One man 1 us that it IS worth about one dollar more to It an acre in drills, after which the labor is lit- jr nothing more than the culiivation in hills, ithcr says it will cost four dollars more to cul- te n ''rilis than hills ; and a third merely re- ks Ihit 13 very perplexing and expensive btsi- ! to plant and cultivate Indian corn as we do Now it does seem that on this point ■y applicant might easily have been explicit, 81 the least approached correctnes*. Then ler* niiglit J-ave made some more certuio cal- tion'i wliici, method of planting would most note te^ir i;,:orest stalks not cut 37 lb.'', equal to 70 4-75 bus. ; the hills slookcd gave 23 lbs. equal to 62 30-75 bus. per acre. The re>ult of the trial made by me was very nearly the same, there >vas a loss in stooking compared with the part where the stalks were cut of about four bushels to the ecre, compared with' the part where the stalks were left uncut, a loss of ei^ht bushels. Wo think corn should not be stooked except in prospi>ct of an early frost, and that thestilks of corn si'oiild never tie cut exccpt- iii" when the owner wants them lor some particu- lar use. Respectfully submitted, MORUILL ALLEN. Gold Fish. — In this neighborhood, every pond that holds >vater through the year, is full of them. In every cottager's garden, where there is a dip- hole dug to the depth of four, five, or seien feel, there the fishes thrive and breed. In these ponds there is nothing but hanging grass and stones ini- liedded in clay or gravel, to which the fish can at- tach their spawn, and >et they breed. My own pond, which is perfectly alive with gold and silver fish, is about eight feet deep in the centre ; it liaa never had plants ot any description put int.i it, yet water-weeds grow in it in the spring and early summer, and then sink down : it is a pond fiir the cattle to drink at. Several other ponds near me, by the road-side, used as drinking places for cattle, are full of gold iiiul silver fish. 1 would here ob- serve that none of these ponds are supplied by perennial springs; the water in them is either rain water or water from land springs in the winter, or from both these sources. Gold and silver fish will not live any length of lime in ponds in which there are springs, much less breed in thein : the water i« too cold — they fur with a kind of moss and die. The ponds I have mentioned, have all of them stony or gravelly bottoms, and slope from the sides to the centre: the fish deposit the spawn on the pebbles or gravel in the shallow water, winch be- ing much warmer, from the greater power of the sup than in the deep places required for aquatic plants, the spawn is more certain ot being quicken- ed into lite. If fish do not breed, the fault is eith- er that they are all of one sex, or that the pond rests on a spring, and is too cold, or is not suffi- ciently shallow towards the edge; or there is a want of gravel, stones, or sticks in water sufficient- ly warin'diiring the breeding season. — J. StetU,in London Card. Chron. [Any one desirous of procuring gold fish, can bo supplied, at .50 cts. a pair, on application to the proprietors of the N. E. Farmer ] Ctmenl I have used with unvaried success, fur joints to pipes, and fillings for steam-engines of 14 and 16 liorse power, a coniposition formed of iron-filings, muriate of ammonia, or sal ammoniac, (quantities indefinite, say four ounces to one pound of filings,) and a small qunntity of brimstone in powder, mixed together with water, so as to form a stiff paste, to be well rammed into the crevices and joints. Another is, ground white-lead, and a sufficient quantity of red-lead powder mixed, so as to make it of the consistence of slifl" putty ; this is applied to the joints. — ff.Jioyner, in Card. CUron. Fumigating with tobacco the heads of cabbages, &c. attacked by lice, is recommended to disperse them. 364 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MAY 15, IS*. PREMIUMS FOR THE YEAR 1844, Offered by the Mussdchustlls hforlicuUurnl Sadefy Fruits. At a meeting of the Fruit Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on the 23d March, 1844, it was Voted, That there be offered the following pre- miums tn be awarded to exhibitors at tho Society's Annual Exhibition in September : Apples. — For tho greatest number of kinds and the best grown, a premium of six dollars. For the next beet do. do. a prem of four dolls. Pears. — For the greatest number of kinds and the best grown, a premium of si.x dollars. For the next best do. do. a prem. of four dolls. Grapes. — For the greatest number of kinds and the best grown, a premium of seven dollars. For the second best do. do. a preni. of five dolls. For the third best do. do. a prem. oflhree dolls. Assorted Fruits. — For the best basket of fruit of various kinds, a premium of seven dollars. For the next best do. do. a prem. oflhree dolls. For the best dish of Apples, not less than 12 specimens, a premium of three dollars. For the best dish of Pears, not less than 12 specimens, a premium of three dollars. Assorted fruits exhibited in baskets, shall not be entitled to any other than tlie premium for such. The above premiums to be awarded on the first day o( the exhibition. Voted, that the followinic premiums for the season be offered, .Apples. — For the best summer Apples, a premium of five dollars. For the best fall do. a pre. of five do. For the best winter do. a pre. of five do. Pears. — For the best summer Hears, a pre.of five do. For the best fall do. a pre. of five do. For the best winter do. a pre. of five do. Cherries. — For the best specimen of Cherries, a premium of four dollars. For second best specimen do. do. of two dolls. Peaches. — For best specimen of Peaches, grown under glass, a premium of five dollars. For next best specimen do. a premium of three dollars. For best specimen of do. in open culture, a premium of five dollars. For the next best do. a prem. of three dollars. Apricots. — For the btst specimen of Apricot.i, a premium of four dollars. JVectarines For the best specimen of Nectarines, a premium of five dollars. Q^ainces. — For the best specimen of Quinces, a premium of four dollars. Plums. — For tho best specimen of Plums, a pre- mium of five dollars. For the next best specimen of do. a pre- mium of three dollars. Gooseberries. — For the best specimen of Gooseber- ries, a premium oflhree dollars. For the next best do. a prem. of two dollars. Currants. — For the best specimen of Currants, a premium of three dollars. For the next best specimen of do. a premium of two dollars. Raspberries. — For the best specimen of Raspber- ries, a premium of four dollars. For the next best co. do. a prem. of two dolls. Straiobe.rrits. — For the best specimen of Strawber- ries, a premium of five dollars. For the next do. do. a prem. of throe dolls. ffaln Musk -For the best specimen of Water Hi/acinths. — Best 10 named varieties, .Second best, (Ex.iibitiiin to take place May 4.) Tulips. — Best 30 varieties, Second best " (Premiums to bo awarded May 18.) Pansies. — Best 6 flowers. Second best " (Premiums to be awarded May 18.) Hawthorns — Best display. Melon Melon, a premium of three dollars. Melon. — For the best specimen of Musk Melon, a premium of three dollars. Grapes. — For tho be.«t specimen grown under glass previous to July 1st, a premium of five dol- lars. For the next best specimen do. do. a premium of three dollars. For the best specimen grown under glass, subsequent to July 1st, a prem. of four dolls. ' Hardy .Izaleas — Best display, .Yiitive Grapes. — For tho best specimen of native Grapes, a premium of three dollars. Per order, S. WALKER, Chm'n. Flowers. The Flower Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, submit to the Executive Committee, for their approval, the following list of premiums to be awarded the ensuing year, amount- ing to the sum of two hundred dollars. To be awarded at the Annual Exhibition in Septem- ber. Dahlias Division A, open to all cultivators. Pre- mier Prize — Best 12 dissimilar blooms, $4 00 Specimen bloom, 2 00 First Class — Division B, open to all cul- tivators of more than 200 plants. For the best 18 dissimilar blooms, 4 00 Second best, 2 00 Second Class. — For the best 12 dissimi- lar blooms, 2 50 Second best, 1 50 Third Class. — For the best 6 dissimilar blooms, 1 50 Second best, 1 00 Division C, open to all cultivators of les.i than 200 plant.s. First Class. — For the best 18 dissimilar blooms, 4 00 Second best, 2 00 Second Class. — For the best 12 dissimi- 1 lar blooms, 2 50 ] Second best, 1 50 Third Class. — For the best 6 dissimilar blooms, Second best, Premiums on Balsams and J]slers. Double Balsams. — Best display, Second best, .Asters (German) — Best display, Second best, Roses. Hardy Perpetual — Best 6 varieties, Other Roses, Cut Flowers. (Designs for Ornamenting the Hall at the Annual Exhibition.) For the most appropriate design, $7 00 Second best " 5 00 Third best, " 3 00 Bouquets, (To be presented at the Annual Exhibition.) Best, 4 00 Second best, 2 00 Third best, 1 00 Geranittms. — The best 12 varieties, 3 00 Second best " 2 00 (Exhibition to take place April 27.) 1 50 1 00 2 00 1 00 2 00 1 00 3 00 3 00 Hardy Rhododendrons — Best display. Magnolias — Best display, Shrubby Paonies — Best 6 flowers, (Premiums to be awarded June 15.) Ranunculus — Best display in June, i Pinis — Best 6 distinct varieties, S Second best " S (Premiums to be awarded June 22.) Herbaceous Pdonies — Best 12 flowers, l Second best, \ (Premiums to be awarded June 22.) Rosts (Hardy)— First Class. Bfst 30 distinct varieties, f Second best, i Third " ; (Premiums to be awarded June 22.) Second (-'lass. Bourbon, Chinese, Tea and Noisette — Best 12 varieties, ^ Second best " { (Premiums to be awarded June 22.) Carnations and Picotees — Best 6 flowers, dis- tinct, { Second best, " " ! (Premiums to be awarded July 20.) Phloxes — Best (5 varieties, I Second best, 5 (Premiums to be awarded August 17.) Herbaceous Plants — Brst general display of flowers fur the season, I Second best " " '< Indigenous Plants — Most interesting display for the season, ', Chrysanthemums — Best 12 varieties, ' Second best " " I Third best, i (Premiums to be awarded Nov. 16.) Camellias — Best 6 flowers, ! Second best '* " Third best, " '■ ', (Premiums to be awarded in Feb., 184.'5.) Jlznleas (Green House) — Best 6 named var. 1 Second best " " 1 (Premiums to be awarded March; 1845.) Gratuities, 2. $20i Gratuities will be awarded at the discretic the Committee, for Seedling Camellias, Aza Roses, Pinks, Carnations, or Picotees, Phle Geraniums, Dahlias, or Chrysanthemums of An can growth, or for any rare or curious flower may be exhi.bited during the season. JOSEPH BRECK, Chm' Boston, April fi, 1844. Vegetables. The Committee on Vegetables recommend following premiums to be offered the ensuing y Asparagus — For Asparagus, the earliest and largest four bunches, a premium of XXIU so. 48 AND H 0 R T t C U L T U R A L R.E G 1 S T E R . 365 barb— The largest and b<'al, provio'is t» llie first SaHirday in July, Vi stalks, •"! 00 —The earliest ami best pock in June, 4 00 rce — riie finest 6 tieaiJs, 00 Second premium on do. 3 00 JOHN A. KENRICK, Chm:n. Regdlations. If, at any meeting, the committees for awarding- miuins shall be of opinion that the time appoint- by the premium list for the exhibition of any uit. Flowers, or Vegetables, will be too late or 1 early, they shall have power to alter the time exhibr.ion, giving notice thereof to the Society the time of such change. Committees shall have the discretionary power withliolding premiums, if the articles exhibited not merit them. All oi'.icles exhibited shall remain in the Hall nil 1 .'clock, P. M., when they will be delivered the contributors, unless otherwise directed. Every article, if possible, is to be accompanied its proper name. When specimens of any Fruits, Flowers, or e^plables arc presented for a name, the owner is ques'ed to give all the inforii.alioii in his pos- ssion as to their origin, and the name which they ave usually been known by. When the committee have good reason to be- eve that any information has been withheld, as ) the n- Tie of specimens, they will decline to give •leii opinion: they are ready at all times to awl nd assist, to the utmost of their ability, in ascer- iining tlie true name of any production presented nder these regulations, but not otherwise. The committee are authorized to remove all or- linary specimens from the table. The regulations of the Society forbidding the jandling of fruits, flowers, &c., will be strictly ad- lered to. No premiums on Fruits are to be awarded, un- .ess specimens (if desired) of the same, shall have been pre: ented to the committee, to enable them to judge of the quality. No Seedling Flower will be considered as de- serving a premium, unless it possesses points of superior excellence. No premium will be awarded to a Seedling which has already received one. It If also desirable that the Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers exhibited, should be accompanied by From the London Gardener's Chronicle. GUANO AND TURNIPS. On reading in your last paper, the statement made by John Henry Vivian, Esq., M. P., president of the Swansea Farmers' Club, respecting the failure of his turnip crop that had been manured with guano, it reminded me of a similar occurrence, which happened to a friend of mine in this neigh- borhood, and of which I was an eye-witness. Hear- ing so much about the wonderful effects of guano as a manure, induced him to make trial of it lor part of his turnip crop ; and not knowing any thing of its nature, or of the mode of using it, he thought the best plan he could adopt was to sow the guano and tur.iip-seed together, as when bones lire used. He accordingly did so ; and after wait- ing for some time, he wondered why no turnips made their appearance, as they did in other parts of the field. On examining the drills, he was sur- prised to find that some of the seed had chipped, and made an effort to grow, but had afterwards shriveled up. Others, again, looked as if they had been kiln-dried, and lost their vegetative power. As a matter of course, the guano was blamed as the cause of the failure, and most heartily was it and every other new kind of manure abused. Noth- ing, in his opinion, would ever surpass good old farm-yard manure, and any body might have his share of guano, for what he cared about it. Hap- pening lo ride past at the time my friend had made this unfortunate discovery, I recommended him to have the part of the field harrowed afresh and sown again, by way of experiment — for I ought to observe, he had applied the guano at the rate of rather more than 3 cwt. per acre. He adopted my suggestion, and, singular enough, in the course of some days, the turnips which had been sown broad- cast, made their appearance from one end of the field to the other, marking as distinctly as possible, the lines where the drill had deposited the guano in the first sowing. In due time, the intermediate spaces were liorse-hocd, and the turnip rows prop- erly thinned. Nothing could exceed their luxuri- ance. Although sown nearly three weeks later than the main crop, they soon overtook them, and became far superior in every respect— so much so, indeed, as to be the subject of general remark in the parish. Hence I think it may be safely laid down as an axiom in the use of guano, and which has already been mentioned in tlie Gardeners' Chronicle, Hint it should never be apidifd in contact with seeds, as it kills the embryo in germi:ialion. M. E. H. No man can borrow himself out of debt: if he gets free of it at all, honorably, it must be by indus- try and frugality. SELECTIONS From the London Gard. Chron. and Jlgricult. Gaz- Foot Rot in Sheep — Caution. — While your read- ers' attention has been turned to the di-easo of foot-rot in sheep, when cither house-fed or kept in a damp situation for any length of time, 1 would beg to offer a caution to shepherds and others, who may have the care of animals so affected. If any of the mutter of foot-rot come in contact with a sore or scratch on the hand or other part of the body of a person tending the animal, it is apt to produce a violent inflammation and rapid mortifi- cation— a disease termed by medical men, gangre- nous inflammation. A shepherd in this neighbor- hood, nearly lost his life from this cause lately, and the disease wa.s only arrested by burning out the whole part aftected. The mode of treating the diseased animal here is, to clean the parts diseased and apply the strongest nitrous acids carefully with a straw or glass rod. Animals affected with the complaint should be immediately separated from the rest of the flock, as treading in the same foot- steps will spread the disease from the tainted lo the free, J- L- Field-beit v. Mangel Wurzel, alias Mangold Wurl- zel. — In the last number of the Gazette, yoor cor- respondent *' S." comments upon '' the barbarous mode often adopted of spelling this name Mangold Wurlzel," and pretends to show that it should be called Mangel Wurzel. This is decidedly exclinng- in" bad for worse, as will be seen from the follow- ing explanation: — The word Mangold signifies Beet, and is applied in Germany to Le^if-beet, (Beta cicla, L.) which is grown in gardens lor the sake of its leaf-stalks, which are eaten like Sea- kale. Wurlzel, or more correctly, Wurzel, signi- fies root : Mangold. wnrzel, therefore, is literally Beet-root, a name given to a variety of Beta vul- garis, L , of which the Field-beet and Sugar-beet are also varieties. As for Mangel Wurzel, it lite- rally means, root of scarcity. A German. Protection of Turnip Plants against Ihe Fly. — As the following meihod of treating turnip seed has proved very successful in preventing the rava- ges of the flea, I have taken the liberty of sending it to you. A day or two before sowing, put the seed into a sieve and tub of clean water, and rub it quite clean through the sieve, changing the wa- ter once or twice ; dry it in the sun or before a fire. A little flour of brimstone is to mixed with the seed while yet damp. If the egg of the turnip flea is committed to the soil with the seed, this is an effectual preventive. A. B. Rooks Your correspondent " S." suggest that those who shoot these birds, should examine their crops, to ascertain the good or evil which thny do. Some farmers who have done this, have declared that they would never destroy another. I believe it will be found that they will never touch corn when they can procure grubs, &,c. ; that moist weather. Similar observations that pigeons do not so much harm as many sup- pose. They will sometimes be found full of Char- lock seed, &c., when the larmer shoots lleui for destroying his barley ; and the grain which they may eat occnsionally is only what is left on the surface (and would C'>me to very little,) as they cannot move the ground. B. W. Onions. "Tyro." — Try on youronions ihe fol- lowing mixture: One peck of salt, two of soot, well mixed and left for a few days; then applied «s a top-dressing, or lightly forked in. IS, in will show 360 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, MAY 15,1SU, AND HORTICt'LTLRAL RKGISTER. Edited by Josepll BrccU. Boston, Wednesday, Mat 15, 1844. 19 581 64 ANALYSKS OF AFRICAN AND PERUVIAN GUAiNO. Mr Breck — Having received from Authentic sources, gpeciniens cf llio Peruviuu and African guano, I li;ive made coinpariMive analysus of tiiein, and 1 llirow the results into this form for llio sake of being better under- stood I'} igriculturisiH, atttiougli it exinbits lint u small portion of llie labor 1 have bestowed on lliis complica- ted substance : — PcTuvian. Jlfrican. ptr itnl. per cent Dried in a water batli (temperature 10S°,) one hour, - - loses 10| (This loss is chiefly moisture ) Dissolved in cold water — that is, washed until the water showed no reaction by cheniica! tests — loses 62^ (This loss is soluble salt«, cliiefly of ammonia, with a little sea-salt; and al liough there appears mrtre of lhe^o in ihe Peruvian ihan the Africa.i, yet if the excess of mois- ture in the latter be token into ac- count, the quantities are nearly the same.) Heated to ledness for twenty min- utes, .... loses 54i (This loss is the volatile sails of amm. lia and the organic matter.) This third experiment was extended in order to separate the volatile salts from the organic matter : the result was — organic, - - 24 Volatile, - - 304 Deduct '''om this 49| the 9 per cl. excess of moisture in the first ex- periiio nt, and we have still 10 per cerit. volatile (ammoniacal) salts in favor of the African. In fo'ir expcrimenis with each, the amount of pbos- phate of lime and magnesia fluctuated in both, finm 10 to II percent. I found, also, small proportions of oxal- ate of lime, sulphates and sea-salt, with a trifle of s.tnd. 1 am aware that my analyses differ somewhat from those made in England, France, and Germany, but not more th.in these differ from each other ; nor is this at all surprising — for several of ilie ingredients of this manure are only now beginning to receive thai atleniiun from chemists which i- ill enable them to analyze it in the perlectioii required by science. On this subject, see the late Transactions of the Chemical Society of Lonrlon. Mr Davy, of England, does not find urea in the Afri- can guano. l:i my sample, I believe there are strong rn. diealions ol it, although 1 have not siifjicicntly studied this part of the subject ; but this ingredient so easily un- dergoes change, that a difl'erence of this kind is not im- probable ?till, urea as forming carbonate of ammonia and oxalates, is a valuable substance to ngricullurc. 1 believe tloit the African is the most recent lormaiion, ! have furnished some irf both k'st inslitnied experimenis with it. There is cerlainly weight of evidence enough in existence to prove its greal importance as a manure. On this subjecl, I beg toaiate thai I have not the slightest pecuniary interest in any such carg'«3, nor have I any exjierimenls on hand. 1 have only exerled myself in instigating nihers. Yours, J. E. TESCHEMACHER. Boston, May II, 1844. CATERPILLARS. We noiice an abundance of these disgusting and vo- racious insects upon our apple, wild cherry, and oiher trees, and have seen many larrncrs busily employed in their destruction wilh that effective and simple instru- ment, "Pickering's brush." We have also noticed that in many orchards no efixirl has been made to check their ravages, and the trees will soon be despoiled of iheir beauty. Unless this business is speedily attended to, it will be too late, if it isnol even now, and there will bo no lack of seed for another year. In one of ihe March numbers of the Farmer, a corn cob lied to a pole, was recommended as being equally efficacious as the brush above mentioned, for the destruc- lion of (atcr)iillar nests. This, a gentleman tells us, is « great mistake. The brush can be obtained al our of- fice al 2.5 cents. A boy will earn the price of the brush twice over in a day, and clear twice the number of trees he would with a cob. INJURING FRUIT TREES. There are some (and too many) heedless people, old as "ell as young, who are disposed when passing fruit trees in blossom by Ihe road-side, to break off a portion of the blanches, for the sake of the flowers. Now, the motize which induces this act, may be very commenda- ble ; but if they reflected that the owner had to suffer by their gratification, it might, perhaps, abate their pro- pensity, or restrain the indulgence of it. There is some excuse for this conduct in tho young, — but for those who have, or should have, arrived at " years of discre lion," there is not a whit of palliation They shouhl consider that by this act of breaking off the branches they : number. Subscriptions received at tho ofiiee of the E. Farmer, and by Mr A. D Phelps, Washington Terms, .•gO on delivery of the first No., and ihe rem«i der at intervals between that time and the complslii of the work. " The Silk Qui:stion Settled. Report of the Pi ceedings of the National Convention of Silk Orowe and Silk Manufacturers, held in New York, Oi:I. 13 and I4lh, 1843. Second edition, with additions." This interesting report has been slereolvped and ll price reduced, that it may have a geneial circulatii throughout the country. The funds were ra'-i d to a cnm(>lish this by a few public-spirited indivir' :als Boston and vicinity, and by a donation from th. .Mass chusetls Agricultural Society, to whom the fronds the silk cause acknowledge their indebtedness, Tl report has been corrected, some parts abridged, new mi ter added, as an appendix, and an an index of subjec prepared. The publisher, T. R. Marvin, 24 C ngre will fill orders, wilh cash accompanying, as follo>is! GO copies for |;5 00 130 " " 10 00 ,1000 " " 70 00 Any number less than CO copies, JO cents each, if if order comes free of expense. We shall extract froi tho WDjk at some future time. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patent We are indebted to the Commissioner of Intents f the annual report of 1843. It embraces a lar™ amoui of agricultural staiisiics and facts, collected from evei part of the country, many of which are new and highl interesting These with other documents, compose volume of 330 pages. We have received from the publisher, John Owei Cambridge, an agreeable lillle work entitled, " Swei Aiibuin and Mount Auburn, wilh other Poems," li Caroline F. Orne. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. exhibition of flowers. SaluTtlay, May II, 1844. From Wm. Kenrick — a basket of beautiful iloweri arranged with much taste by Miss Russell; — also, fin Bouquets, embracing most of the hardy flowers pf ih season. From Miss Sumner — two handsume Bouquets, coni posod of green-house flowers. From Samuel Walker — two fine Bouquets of hard flowers. From Madam Eigelow, Medford — a branch of the nev While Double-flowering Peach. For the Committee, J. BRECK, C/m'n. exhibition of fruits. Grapes, from the garden of Mrs. Howard, Woodland Brookline, by her giidencr, Mr James Nugent — vii Black Hamburg and Sweetwater. For the Committee, S. WALKER, Chm'n. (□"Sprinkling Gooseberry and Currant bushes willi soap-suds is recommended lo prevent mildew. XXII NO, 46. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER :j67 TIIEKMO.MKTIIICAI, Rupurledloithe Now Kiislanu I'liniiel. ii-lyxiiDsure.iolbeweek emiing Maj 12. CHKV'SASTIIEMl'MS, v ERBE.VAS, DOUBLE DAIIM tS, SlC. Mof thp The, ,„ou>et..r.u the (.ar.iem.l ll,e |.r„|,nc.m y^-jlAr//KA/f/.l/.S, mos.ly new 8orls, nt $3 , er doz- Jew Kni-lHu.l P.r'"*":,''''':':'!""^''.:':, '" " * • e.'.K 'm c-enis p.r |,la,>. f„; som. ixtra fiue new son,. KEA'BE.V.l-^' TKc niiiiiy varieiics cf this showy flower add moth lo \U<- lirill anov of Iho flower canleii, as iliey cominue in l.lonn. from June lo Novcinher. Tlity can lie lur- nivhrriala low rale, oinl.raciii!; while, pink, purple, lilac, sc-arlel. crimson, and nmnv inierm.'dinic shades and varia- tions, at S2 per dozen, when the selection is made hy us,— orSs'per dozen for some of ihe choicest new sorts. i DOUBLE DAHLIAS. We can fnrnisli I his gorgeous flower to any exient, and of the most splendid vari.ties Irnm ' ■) to SI'' per dozen. The time of phniinj is fast apjirooch- ins! and those w.ho wish to ornameut their grounds with ' flower should send in their orders soon. The hrst ol KiHT'ON MARKKT — MoNn*r,»lay 13, IM44. Itpporleil for the N. K. Parmer. Market J.'iO Beef Cattle, IG.pairs Working Oxen, i-htep, and 2l'50 Swine. irKS.— Kee/ Catlle.—A small nHv.nnre was efTeet- Wp quote a few extra $5,75. First quality ^r^;25 0 ; second quality $4 75 a 5,00 ; third quality $3 75 (1. hTk:n-r Oxen —Sales 68, 12 85, and f 90. e«;;— S:ile!from 1,'^5 to $3,.'jO. We noticed the sale hcantiful cosset weathers for $l'M. 7nc.— I.ols to peddle 5 a 5 ^.8 for sows, and 6 a 0 or harrows. Old Hogs from 4 1-4 to 5. At retail to 7 1-2. I ill June IS in season to plant ihcui out. We can forward ihem safely in pots lo any part of the country. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Bastoii. May 13, 18'(4. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.. Corrected tiilh f^reat care, weekly ;EnS Herds Grass, $2 00 lo 2 12perhusiiel Red Top II 7U cents, (.'lover— Northern, 9 to 10c. — Southern, 8 Klai Seed. »1 50 per hushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per Ih. Iir^' Seed, S3 00 per bushel. 1\IN There have heen no sales of any importance. ,rn — .N-.rihern. new, hushel oO to nij— Southern, round w oi I, 52 a 53— Southern flat yellow, new, 50 a Si- lo' while 48a49--do New Orleans, no a 00 — Burley 00 — llye, Northern, 74 a 75— do Southern, 71 a 72 — Soiiihern. Oi) a 32— Northern do. 00 to 36-Bpans, per ,el I 00 a I 62,— Shorts, per double hush. 00 a 00- Bran, no [,OUll The general impression araon^ the dealers he- uniavorable for the continuance of present prices, the Ket has heen unusually languid during the past week, iallimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S4 94 a 5 UO— do. rf 54 75 a 4 SI— do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 0 00 -Phila- ■hia .lo. 4 mos. S4 81 a 4 ^7 — Kredericksl.urg, low I'd 4 34 87 a 0 00— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00 .ior-eiowii 44 87 a 5 37 — Richniood Canal, S4 37 a 5 00 D (■"ity.Su'oOaiiOO- Pelersliurgh,South side $3 Oil a 6 25 o' l.'ountrv*4 S7aO 00— Genesee, common, cash, S5 00 a ;- do lailcy hrands 85 18 a 5 25 — Ohio^ via Canal, joaooii-dodo New Orleans, cash 34 87 a 6 00. Rye. iO a 0 00-Indian Meal in bids, ii 87 a 3 00. ROVI3ION3. Owing lo large quantilies of Pork and •t arriving, to an already overstocked market, and the de. ad now being quite limited, some further reduction hi :es has been submitted to „ « „ !eet-\!e«s 4 no. new bid. SC 75 a7 on— Navy-Sb 00 a i _,\o I S5 50 1 6 00— do Prune S5 00 a 5 25— Pork— llaclear4im. bbl. SHOO a 1 1 51 -do Clear SIO 50 a 10 75 Mess S8 30 a 9 00— do Prime SC, 50 a 7 00-do Mess m other States.- a do Prime do do SO 00 n 0 00 Cargo do. 0 00 a 0 00 -Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00- ller shipping, 15 a 13-do store, uninspecied, 10 a 12- do rv 'id els a 2o— La'd, No, 1. Boston ins. 00 a 0 —do jlh and Western, 5J a 6 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 7j — ithern and Western, 6 a Ci-Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 meal, 4j —do new inilk, 4i a 5^. VOOI. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- ■lation shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 per cenl a I \\\ where3i the value exceeds 7 els. per pound, 40 per ad. val. and i cts per pound. \ fur demand continues for all descriptions, and prices ifirin. The supply is moderate, but shearing being near hand, no scarcity is aniicipaled. 'rim- or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. Ao a 50 c.--Amer- n full blood do 43 a 45— Do 3 4 do 37 a 40-Do. l-2do ■ 35 -14 and common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna bheep, isherl -0 a 23— Do. unwashed, 10 a 17 — Bengasi oo il3-Saxons, clean. OO-BuenosAyres unpicked, 7 a 10— do pi'ked 10 a 15— Supeifinc Northern pulled lamb 37 j,>._>lo^ 1 flo. do. do. 32 a 33— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30— D. 3 do do do 18 a 20. HOI'S. Duty 20 per cent. 6m -11 sales of first sort have heen made at B4 a 7c pr. lb. isl son Mass 1843, lb. 6i a 7 ; 2d do 44 a 5. HAV, 14 to 16 per ton- Eastern .Screwed 310 to 12. £Gt'•<■«<'." '•j^f"'" Terms easy. For further particulars inquire (if Sb. 1 H ^ A" SON on the premises, or to JOSEPH BRECK & CO., 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. April 20. POTTAWATTAMIE BEAN. The .subscribers are happy to inform their customers and friends'that they have received a new and superb variety of early BUSH BEAN, of excellent flavor, and very prolihc. It siirpasses in beauty anylnrietv now cullivaled among us. The name of " Pottawaiiuinie" ha^ been given to it on ac- count of us having been received from that Inbe of Indians ^J^' 'y^"'"'" '^ '^ "^"'jJsEPHBtEci^rcV" ■Boston, April 17, 1844. ___^__ SPLENDID FLOWER SEEDS. The subscribers have received the following choice Flow- er Seeds which they ofler al 6 1-4 cents per package, except those marked otherwise. Extra fine German Asters, 8 varieties. Fiae double Balsams (sorts ) E.-!trafiue do 12i cents. Cosmos bipinnatus 12 Campanula pulcherrima 12^ cents. . pyramidalis alba 12^ cents. do aziirea 12^ cents. Chinese Primrose 12t cents. Oleome Grandiflora 12} cents. DidisiHS ce.ulea 12i cenis. Erv'inuim Peroffskiana. Geraniums, from superb flowers 334 cents. JOSEPH B K E C K & CO NEW ENGLA.ND Ai'TtcuHural IVurcliouse AND S.^.ED STORE. .,1 anil 52 North Markel Street, Boston JOSEPH BRECK Si CO. having leceiveil a lull and gen- eral assortment of FIF.LU, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEEDS, worthy of cultivation, contidenlly recmmend ihem as being pore and of the lirst qualities, unmixed with other v.iricticsi ihey have no hesitation in saying that their col-.ei.i.on of Seeds is the best, and of the greatest variety ever oficied for sale at any eslablishincnt in the U. States. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on "agricultural and GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, ainone which are the lollowing, viz :-luoO Howard'8 Patent Cast Iron l'loughs,^2 .0 Comm.;n do. do, 210 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutlers, 50 n Ulis do. .lo. 100 Common do. do, ino Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers. ..0 do. V ege. tableCulter , 00 Common do. do , 'JOO Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles. 100 Ox ^okes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Slonee, 3000 do Auslin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Pate'ni Snaiths,200 do Cunmon do., 600 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 30 do. Hay do. 300 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do Draft do, 300 do. Tie up do, GO doz Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store. 51 ? ' J .^ M__.V. \f--1...t <:ti.nat H^ctpn. \ UliUi.li .Ta.tiivuoi- 11 ij,. ..V." .^._,_, and 52 North. Market Street, Boston. Lupinus pollypl.yllns I2i cents. L var ulba I2i cents . rivularis 12^ cents. Crookshankii 12^ cents. splendens 12^ cents. odoratiis ISicents Lophospermum Siandem 12^ cents. Mimulus Hudsonia 12i cents. . car.linalis splenrlens 12i cents Madagascar periwinkle 12i cents. Penlstemon Millerii I -J cents. hybri.lns 12.^ " gentianoides 12^ cents. ... . splendens 12^ Salpijlossis, fine sorts 124 Schizanthus Hookcrii 12^ ohtusifolin. , new while. humilus. pinnala. PorlulacciGilesii, 25 cents. Phlox Driimmondi 124 " ... . .„i . Verbena, fine scarlet, and from other choice sorts 124 cts. anbletia _____ urticifolia— With many other rare sorts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 19, 1844. ^^ FINE BOSE MANl'RE. The suhscrihers have on hand, Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bone Manure, mixed with the marrow of the 1 one. .was produced from a ma.,nfaclory when the botie was saw- ed in a wel Male. Ii m-'^t l'<- " "">' v^Uiablc article. Also Filiy barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- oallv saw dust, and the refuse ol a manufactory. March 20, 1844. . JOSEPH BRECK & CO. -WARREN'S GARDEN AND NURSERY, NONANTUM VALE, BBIGHTOK, FLORAL S.\LOON AND SEED STORE, v;, I TREMOyt TEMPLE, (late Tremont Theatre) BOSTON. The proprietor of this establishment is now ready lo receive aid execute orders lor Fruit ; Ornamental Trees- Grape Vines; Shrubbery; Roses; Slraw- berry Plants. &c. in any quantity and of the most valuable kinds al short notice, pr.iperly packed and secured for transportation lo any part of the United Males or Pro- "'The' catalogue for 1844 which has heen prepared with scrupulous care, contain alist ol the choicest sorts of Pears; Apples • Plums ; Cherries ; Peaches ; Apricols and Necta- rines ; Grape Vines ; Raspberries ; Gooseberries ; blraw- berries; Currants; Evergreen Trees and bhrubs ; Orna- mental Trees; Herbaceous Hants ; Roses; Green House Plants; Dahlias .Vc. . , A new feature has been added in the catalogue which renders it particular valuable for purchasers wh.i are desi- rous of impr.iving their orchards and grounds by pi inting only ihe most approved, superior and productive varieties. It is bv columns and abbreviations, the meaning ol winch is explanied un.ler every different kind of fiuil, so lb;.i a largo number of ihe most important characters by which the dif- ferent varieties are di,slinguished may be seen al a glance. While the list of fruils may not lie found so extensive as in some olher catalogues, it contains every kind ol value, aid ail new and improved varieties are added as soon as ■ '.eir qualities are tested. Nevertheless any variety that may be .irdered can always be supplied, on as reasonable terms as are afforded any other nurseries. The list of /).4Hi-MS comprises upwards of 3 ii of the choicest varieiics of this gorgeous and solendid flower, most of them prize varieties. Dry roots ready tor delivery early in the spring, and in pots from the middle of April lo the Lst June. STRA WBERRIES of llie most productive and lies' vaiieties, lor sale in any quantity. None but healthy and strong plants will be sufiered lo leave the nursery. GRAFTS and SC/O.VS of most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtained in their season. GREES HOUSE PLAS'TS. of all the rare ami splen- did kinds, always on hand at the Saloon, where visitors are respecilully invite.l to call. GRAPE VnXES; ASPARAGUS, and olher roots "ATso'a^grear variety of choice f?A«0£N and FLOW- ER.iEEDS.aW of tl.is year's growth, and warranted tresh.Ecnuine and true 10 their names. Agricullural, Hor'iculiura and Botanical Books Carde.ung Imp'emenis ; Fh.wer Vases &c &c. The whole enumerated io a new < escriptive Catalogue which will be "iven /-rolls on application. .Ml orders lor trees will be delivered at one day's notice. Lvery tree and plant will he warranted by the subscriber, as to us distinctive character and goodness. , , . . j . .i. B inoeis and cut flowers, can be nhtained any day in the week at the saloon. Flowers furnished for '^ecorauons. al short nonce. JAMES L. L. F. WARREINi. April 3. 368 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. MAT IS, IS'J*. MISCELLANEOUS.. Tho foMowinn; beniitiful liule allogory is copied from llje N. O. Crescent City : A hnmnriinij bird once met a bmterfl/, and beinj pleased wilb ibo beauty of its person, and v and abundant deposit. It is on an island, ren rock, on the S. VV. coast of Africa, about es from main land. The son of Mr Roe, was ) loci, fur it, from a notice in the journal of an •ican whaler, which he read when at school, lin nor fresh water is found on the island, nor there appear to be, in fact, any thing except uins, nnd a deposit of guano, Iwenly feet deep, I'.lu whole iiland, which is about a mile in cir- lerenoe. The penguins were so tame tliat they sd at the naked feet of Mr Roe and his com- i>n. ne African guano has the external characters e South American, and each afforded Dr. Da- i folbws : I'.ruu.t. 111.2 eo.o 2.8 19. 8. 00. African. 40.2— Matter soluble in water, volatil«, or deBlnictibleby fire, being ox- alrte of ammonia, diplioepbalc and muriate of ammonia, and animal maltPr. 28.2 — Phosphnte of lime and mBgnesia, little sulphate of lime and sand. 6.4_Common salt, sulphate and sesqui- carbonalH of potash. 0 0 — Urate of ammonia. 25 'i — Water and carbonate of ammonia. 100. the changes in African guano. Without affording more oxalate of ammonia than the American, its urate of ammonia and urea, seem to be replaced by carbonate of ammonia. These are changes unno- ticed by Dr. Davy, though the change of urea into carbonate of ammonia, by the addition of the ele- ments of water, is one of the best established facts of modern chemistry. Allowing, then, the African guano to have been originally like the excrement of other birds, some peculiar induRiices seem to have changed its uric acid, as well os its urea, into carbonate of ammonia. Now, Mr Editor, so far as this has occurred, it has replaced a 6xed, by a very volatile salt, and of course has produced an article more liable to deterioration in proportion to its amount of carbonate of ammonia. The Liverpool price of the African article is £9, the American aljut £12 per ton. Lowell, Mny 10, 1844. S. L. D. our readers will be no less surprised than was Davy, at finding no urate of ammonia in this can guano. It abounds in crystals of oxalate ninionia, but contains no oxalate of lime, nor es of urea. The absence of urate of animonia ery remarkable, as this salt is so very charac- stic of the urine of birds, always voided with r excrement. Dr. Davy instituted new analy- of the excrements of several birds, and con- ed the received opinion that urate of ammonia Iways a constituent of bird excrement, whatev- nay be the food of the bird. Thus, he found .e of ammonia in the common goose, fed on 38; in the pigeon, common foivl, gull, pelican, white-headed sea eagle. The three last were he tjarden of the London Zoological Society ; w?re fed, the gull wholly, and the others ;fly, on fish. What has, therefore, become of urate of ammonia, the characteristic of the I excrement, in the African guano? Dr. Davy iks, m accordance with Liebig's view, that uric i has changed to oxalic acid. He found not a ',e of oialalt of ammonia in the excrement of above birds. Time and the oxygen of the air, thinks, have produced this change. He goes ther, and experimentally, by boiling urate of ain- nia With oxide of manganese, in a few hours !Cted a transformation of uric to oxalic acid. rUinly some peculiar influences have controlled CURING HAY WITH SALT. We copied into our last week's paper, a commu- nication from the Albany Cultivator, by Mr R. L. Pell, giving his method of curing hay in the mow instead of the field — applying o bushel of salt to each layer of a tim of the gretn grass, as it is slowed in the barn. We doubted the practicabili- ty of this plan, notwithstanding Mr Pell's state- ment that he has followed it with good success ; for we could not well conceive tiiat gt^^s — espe- cially clover — housed as soon as cut, could be pre- served from damage by the mere application of salt. Mr P. says that it can ■ others, as appears from the following extracts from the May No. of "The Cul- tivator," disagree with him : — Messrs. Editors — On rrading Mr R. L. Pell's letter in the Cultivator for March, I took up my pen to show that some of his opinions are wrong, and some of his practices actually cruel. After telling the time he CHS his grass, he says : "tlie grass thus cut, is drawn immediately into the barn, and one bushel of fine salt spread by hand over each alternate layer composing a ton." Now I maintain that the quant.ty of salt he puts on, actu- ally punishes the poor animals that have to eat the hay and eat it they must, if they have nothing else, or starve. Some 14 years ago, I read in some paper, this mode of curing hay, and I tried the ex- periment by commencing to feed 012 sheep with hay so cured. It took me all of an hour and a half each day, to pump water for them, and then, after drinking till they were like to burst, they would, in cold days, stand and shiver for hours ; and I believe if 1 had not changed their feed to something else half of the time, that so much salt would have killed a number of them. » * • JoBfC JOHKSTO.N. Messrs. Editors— Yom statement in the Jan. No. of the Cultivator, that salt may bo properly used to prevent damp hay from being damaged, does not agree with my experience on the subject ; for as far as I have observed, the salt increases the damp- nesf, and should be sjiaringly used on wet hay as well as dry. Most farmers, in the hurry of the hay-making season, are apt to house loo much of their hay in a gri-en, damp state, and use salt so profusely as to injure it, and the stock thut con- sumes it. Stock need but little salt in winter, and more than to make their food palatable, must havo a contrary effect, and be eaten from necessity rath- er than choice. My practice is to cure my hay properly and put two quarts of fine salt to a ton, taking care to have the lumps well piilveri'/.ed. The above >vas written before I read a conimu- nication from R. L. Pell, of Ulster county, in your March number. If Mr Pell has made any consid- erable quantity of hay in the way he de>cribDs, and fed that exclusively any considerable time to his stock, and not lost ihem, I think they iniist bo of a different teiiiperaineiit from my neighbor's cow that was killed by eating salted cucutnliers, or my pigs that shared the same fate hy drinking a pail- full of swill with one pint of salt in it. Daniel S. Curtis. Millet. — We wnuld advise farmers to procure a little of this seed for cultivation. It ie worth rais- ing, cither for the seed or for fodder. When sown broadcast, at the rate of a peck to the acre, it makes excellent fodder for cattle, and produces at the rate of one and ii half to three tons the acre. When sown thinner and cut laier, on good corn ground, it produces from forty to seventy bushels of seed per acre. This is admirably adapted for poultry, but is oflen fed to cattle and hogs. If ground, it is considered equal to corn. It rnay be sown any lime from the middle of April to the middle of June. There is a good article on the subject of this plant in Fessenden's Complete Fanner, to which we would refer the reader. — Louisville Jour. Rearing Calves. — A correspondent of the Alba- ny Cultivator says: "When I first commenced farming, I never could get my calves through the first winter without losing one or more. They would always grow poor towards spring ; their backs would assume the appearance of an arch; the scours would set in, and they would die in de- spite of all my care and attention. Experience and observation have convinced me that lice were the primary cause of all the difficulty ; and for several years past, I have adopted the practice of destroying them in the fall, or forepart of winter, since which time I have not lost a calf I have found sulphur the best remedy. I take two parts of lard and one of sulphur ; melt the lard, and when nearly cold mix in the sulphur, and rub this thoroughly on the parts most frequented by these troublesome vermin, and they will soon di«- • ppear. It sticks close to the hide and hair, and prevents any more from petting on them from other animals. I keep my calves by themselves, and have a warm phelter for them to go in when they choose, in addition to as much good hay as they can eat. I give them each half a pint of oats or corn-meal (ground in the ear, night and morning." 370 NEW ENGLAND FARMER M.\.Y23, 184* TESTIMONY IN FAVOR OF THE SILK BUSINESS. We give below the tesliniony of a few penile- men ill favor of the silk business, from the pamph- let noticed lost week, entitled "The Silk Question Settled, or Testimony of One Hundred and Fifty 6th. Have fed both in the early and late part of the season, and our success in each is equally crood. 7th. As to the causes of bad success in fHedinir, we know jio neid of having bad success. We al- ways keep our room warm, feed as often as the worms will take leaves, and attend well to cleimli- Witiifsses"— a work which we rpcommend all to j "''"'■''"'' ''Y *"> ''"i"?- 'he worms are all in the bushes to wind in four weeks from the time of hatching. If this seems in any degree incredible, please try it, and see. Our only crop this season amounted to one hun- dred u.id eighty pounds of cocoons. I consider the silk business one well worthy the attention of our New England farmers : and I believe it is one which will yield a much better profit than ordinary agricultural productions." purchase who are in any way interested in this subject. It is not among tlie inipriibabilities of the future, that the silk business is destined to become a leading interest of this country — and surely those who are endeavoring to demonstrate its feasibility and encourage its adoption, arc deserving of much credit, and have our best wishes for their success : Extracts. John McSummy, Manheim, Lancaster Co., Penn., says — " Voiir Convention was unknown to me un- til this day, too late for me to attend. I am sorry, as I liave over 100 lbs. of well-reeled silk (from 10 to 20 fibres,) of this year's crop, which I should like to take on to New York to sell, besides attend the Convention. I have more yet to reel. There is much silk raised in this county. We have suf- fered for want of good reelers. I have now sur- mounted this difficulty, as well as other difficulties in raising silk, and experience both pleasure and profit in the business. I should be very glad to receive orders from manufacturers for my silk now reeled, or I will reel to order. I began in the silk business in 1839, and have increased as follows : lS3f>, made 40 lbs. cocoons. 1810, " 165 " « 1841, " 534 « '« 1842, '< 856 « » 1S43, " nearly 1800 ■' " I have used different kinds of leaves, but never found any difference wliere the trees were culti- vated alike. They must be cultivated and kept clean, otherwise it is useless to try to make silk. It ia al.-o useless to try to feed after harvest, where the old leaves have not been taken off the early part of the season. I have f^d for two seasons out of doors in open shaiiteis, after the worms had passed the third moulti.ig, and fed altogether on branches. It is a very great saving of expense and labor." RoswU Rice, Charlemont, Franklin Co., Mass. — ''We consider the silk business a noble one; therefore, if we can, by sending in our statement^ small though it be, yield any assistance or encour- agement, we gladly do it. In answer to fjiiestioiis : Ist. We have fed worms six seasons, and our labors each year have been crowned with success. 2d. Feed in a close building, regulate the tem- perature by artificial heat, the mercury standing at 75 or 80 degrees. 3d. Have never fed in an open leirt or shed. Did we live in a latitude where no chilly blasts were ever felt, but all were warm and pleasant as a sunny day in July, we might feed in tents; but we think the rigors of this our northern clime, are too severe for the silk-worm to endure. 4th. We prefer, above all other kinds, the pen- n\tt worm ; consider the texture finer, and the yield greater. 5th. We use the Uiulticaulis and white mulber- ry— the white in the early part of the season, be fore the ethers are grown. Cut the tops from the multicaulis trees in (he fall, and the ground. John D. Dix, Ithaca, N. Y. — I received your Silk Circular, some days since, and take the first opportunity upon recovering from a severe illness, to answer your questions, or as many of them as 1 can, satisfactorily to myself. To question 1, I answer, I have fed worms three years, and the general results have been favorable : the second year better than the first, and this year belter than both together. I have raised forty bitsheta this year, at an expense of $70, which is about the amount of premium I have drawn from the State, leaving me the amount received from the sale of cocoons as so much made. 2. The first year, I used the upper rooms of my house, badly ventilated, and w.'is very careful to shut the windows nights, and build a fire cold days — all urong. Second year, used third story of store, long room, windows at each end — no artifi- cial heat — windows closed in cool weather. Third year, used an old rope-walk and barn, from,, which I took off boards all round, and let the air circulate freely night and day, in all kinds of weather — very few diseased worms. Spun in thirty day.s, and made the best cocoons I ever saw. I also fed the leaves as they came from the trees, wet or diy ; used lime freely, and changed the litter but once during each age. 3. Have Jiot fed in an open shed or tent, but think it would do well. 4. Prefer the Mirabel Jaune, or mammoth Nan- kin pea-nut worms. 5. Trees, Multicaulis, and heretofore they have managed themselves. Hereafter, I intend to cut them down close to the ground in November, and lay down the tops at the same time, instead of waiting till spring. 6. I have found a great difference in favor of early feeding : for instance, from two ounces hatch- ed 17th June, I obtained 135 lbs. of the very best cocoons I ever saw. From 4 1-2 ounces hatched June 28, I olitained 213 lbs., not quite equal to the first. From four ounces hatched July 10, I ob- tained 1J2 lbs., decidedly inferior to the first, though good. 7. The causes of bad success in feeding that have come under my observation, are, 1st — Want of the pure air of heaven. 2d. They do not ge.ie- rally have sufficient room on the shelves. 3d. Their fiiod is kept too long in cellars or some oth- er vile place, where it gets wilted or dried up. Give silk-worms plenty of food fresh from the trees, plenty of room on the shelves, and plenty of pure air, and then do not handle them too much. eave the roots in and there is no difficulty in raising them success I fully." THE ECONOMICAL APPLICATION OF M NURE. From a notice in the London Gardeoers' Chrc icle, of a "Treatise on Alkali as a Manure," Hugh Waterton, Esq., we extract the following: We all acknowledge, in the case of t.ie tradi man, that it is his interest to turn his money ot as soon as possible during any given period ; ai though this truth is equally applicable to the f mer, yet in practice he seems to deny its applii b-lity. " It is a common observation amongst farmi (says Mr Waterton,) to say 'I have given such field a dressing it will not forget for jears.' L on reflection, it must strike any one that this is most improvident mode of proceeding." It is so, for two reasons: 1st, because as the a thor immediately states, the manure, if not nil a soibed fiy the crop to which it is applied, is Hat to waste during periods when the land is n..t u der crop ; and 2d, because that portion remaini in the soil after the first crop, is so iimtii capii lying useleas'lill the second and tl ird ur fiui crop, before which it is not all consumed. He Mr Waterton : "The practice of using strong and lastini; m nurcs, as they are termed, lias generally been mc approved ; and the artificial or highly cone en'rat substances which have lately been introduce have failed to give satisfaction to the agnculluri; from their evanescent nature, and from the supp sition that they exhaust the soil. Becaise th( act but for one year, they are turned aside as ne' fangled things, fit only for the experim.^ntal fa mer. The virtue of bono manure is said to la fifteen years. Now it is quite certain that if tl land derives benefit in the fifteenth year after tl bones have been used, it must be that some them (the writer refers to crushed bones, not bon'i (/us/,) I'ave remained all that time undecompose and consequently fourteen years must have elapse without any good result, except from the portic that has annually been absorbed by plants. 100/. is laid out in bones, and 15 acres of grai are top-dressed with them, and their effects ail visible for 15 years, the first return of profit col only result from that portion of the bones t!iat hi become immediately decomposed and entered in( the composition of the plants — the remaining 1 parts having to wait each succeeding year, till th the whole quantity has been decomposed. Now the 100/. worth of bones were so prepared as t come into operation all at the same time, 225 acre; or 15 times the usual quantity, could be topdressei So sensible ore the Dutch and Belgians of the at vantage of supplying their land annually with ms nure ready for immediate use, that they take grea pains to prepare every substance that onn be use with advantage, in such a mani.er as to be mad available by the crop intended to be sown ; an where circumstances will allow them, they suppl the plants themselves rather than the soil." These are very useful remarks, and ought to bi influential. We certainly should not like our laiu to be wholly dependent for the crop it bears an; year, upon the manuring we had given it that yeai There must always, on well cultivated farms, b. a certain innount of capital invested in cultivation which lies dormant from year to year — which thi farmer in part invested when paying his predecea sor for the cultivation in the land, as it is termed and which he expects to receive again only whei rOL.. XXII. Nl>. 43. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 1 371 gives his riirm into the hnnds of his successor, t l!ii?re IS no necessity tor his invcslinfr, besides s ni'Ces;!,iry sum, an annual amount in tlie pur- ise of innniirt's, applied in such form and quan- r, thai t!ie prolils resnllinij from them shall not fully obtoincd tiU 10 or 15 years have run their irse. He has already invented a considerable ti, which is now lyinij idle; he surely is not aux- s to »('d Id that sum, and allow iha increase to as }on'T d )rMiaht as that to which it is added. From the London Gardener's Chronicle. [EORY A.\D PRACTICE OF MANURING LAND. Under this head I propose to discuss the best ans of retaining or increasing the fertilizing •per'li 3 of manures. ■ Plaii'.s, havinir no power of locomntion, must have ir food supplied to them upon the spot where y groH-. Now, as from nothinn; it is clear noth- ■ can be made, so is it equally certain that the in, leives, straw, and roots of a stalk of wheat, at hhie derived the materials of which their ric is composed, either from the earth in which roots are planted, or from the atmosphere in ich the straw, leaves, and grain grow. Now, have only to apply the same truth to difFerent Is of which a plant is composed, and instead of iiig that as a whole it derives its material from earth oi air, we prove that it must have carbon I the elements of water for its starch and sui;ar, addit' in of nitrogen for its gluten or albumen, isphUe of lime and magnesia for the husk of its ■d, and silicate of potash for its straw; and we re only further to prove that these elements St be present for one crop, and with variations omissions are essential for another, and also .t by tiie addition of individual elements, we can reasf! tiie quantity of individual produce, as )le fur gluten, carbonaceous matter for starch, we hnve only to prove this, and we arrive at je at the foundation of Agricultural Chemistry, the basis of those great principles which must 3r guide the scientific farmer, in a judicious ap- cali'jri of manures — tiie food of plants. A mo- m's rt. lection, too, will convince any one who nks it worth while to consider the subject at all, :t the cause of failure, which we so often hear of the application of manures, arises from the want atteitlon to these principles. Let us take an example : — A farmer is anxious try a certain manure: we will say nitrate of so- or I ilash, lie applies it to his land according the prescribed rules of so much ppr acre. Now the nitrate acts as a manure principally, if ; entirely, by supplying the alliali, soda, or pot- 1 to the soil. The Cerealia (wheat, barley, &c.) lausf the soil of alkali, because a union of it :h silicic acid, is necessary for the stiffness of ! stalk ; and this, I may observe, en passant, is ! causa of the green, rank appearance of the lii) crops to which the nitrates are applied. But it may happen, and does frequently happen, .t there is no deficiency of alkali in a soil. >w in such a case it is obvious that the applica- n of 'he nitrate must fail. Another farmer ap- es It wlicre ihc alkali is deficient, and it suc- 3ds : I ^nce the discordance in experiments, of ich we hear so much. I wiU take a second example: A crop of turnips man^' Id-wurzel, or potatoes, is manured in part with guano aid azotiscd manure, and in part willi good rotten stable manure, and the crop from the last nariied is tiie best. Another crop of wheat, barley, or beans, shall be manured in a ^ilnilar way, and that from the guano succeed best. Now in these cases the results are strictly in accordance with chemical focts ; and yet the experimenter who fails on the turnip crop, rejects the guano as a useless expenditure. Theio is another source of apparent failure and consequent disappointment in the use of guano and artificial manures, which cannot be too strongly dwelt upon: I mean the fallacy of judging the ef- fect of uiaiiures by appearances. If wheat is ma- nured with rotten stable manure and guano, or nriiie, the plants from the stable manure will have the freshest, gieencst, and strongest appearance: but notwithstanding this, the grain from the guano will be the best sample, superior both in quality and quantity to that in the other experiment. Experiment, sound co-operative experiment, is the means by which these principles can be proved true or false ; but no good results will ever be ob- tained by putting a bushel of this or that manure at random upon the first crop that comes to hand, and judging of the result Irom mere appearances; on the contrary, much mischief may arise, and a certain retardation of the application of one of the most interesting and important of the sciences to Agriculture. Mr Pusey, was, to a certain extent, right, when he stated that the experiment of the Duke of Richmond was the first real contribution of Chemistry to Agriculture. But this was not the fault of the science, but of those who have un- dertaken experiments. An experiment, as Liebig has observed, is the expression of a thought ; and whether this thought is that of the chemist or the farmer, it is quite impossible to prove its soundness unless the minutest details are attended to. C. R. BREE. ANALYSES OF AFRICAN GUANO. In the London Gardeners' Chronicle, of March 23d, we find the following analysis of the newly discovered African guano, which, it will be seen, diffi'ra very materially from the analysis of Dr. Davy, given on our first page. Dr. D. could de- tect in the African guano no urate of ammonia, whereas the analysis below, gives to it 52 parts (out of 100) of " ninmoniaca I salts, chief y urate and phosphate of ammonia." The Peruvian guano has been found to diifer considerably in quality, and the same may be the case with the African, and hence the wide disagreement in the analyses : " We are enabled, by the kindness of a friend, to give an analysis of Guano from Ichaboe, West- ern Africa, as obtained by MrHuson, of Liverpool : Moisture (water) - - 10.5 Free ammonia ... 6.5 Ammoniacal salts, chiefly urate and phos- phate of ammonia - - - 52 Carbonate of lime - - - 6 Organic (animal) matter, with phosphate of lime, traces of oxide ol iron, and an inappreciable amount of silica, - 10 1(10. If this analysis is correct, (observes the editor of the Chronicle,) there can be no doubt that the substance is of great value." Ill ihc same paper, of March 13th, we find two more analyses of the African guano — one by An- drew Ure, M. D., F. R. S., Proftssor of Chemis- try, London ; the other by Prof Ilcrepath, Uristol — which, lor the sake of coiiiparis on, we subjoin. It is proper to state that the samples were from dif- ferent islands. Dr. lire's .'Inalysis. "This is the first sample of clean guaro from .Africa which I have seen. 100 parts contain 10 of ready formed ammonia, equivalent to about 32 parts of anl ammoniac, and to nearly 40 of sulphate of ammonia. 100 parts contain 21 1-2 of moisture, separable by the heat of boiling water ; 100 parts lose 50 parts of volatile saline and organic matter, including the 10 parts of ammonia, by a red heat, besides the 21 1-2 of water, and leave 28 1-2 of white matter, which is chiefly phosphate of lime. 100 parts contain only 1 of siliceous sand, showing the guano to be the genuine excrement of birds. The whole constituents nioy be thus stated : Saline and organic matter, containing 10 parts of pure ammonia - - ."iO.O Water - - - . - 21.5 Phosphate of lime and magnesia, as also potash .... 26.0 Silica - - - - - 1.0 Sulphate and muriate of potash - - 1.5 100. Prof. Htrepath's Analysis. "I have analysed the sample of African guano, and find that it is quite equal to that of Peru of good quality. The results are below ; but I have not particularized those matters contained in it which agriculturists do not yet know the value of: all those which are known tube beneficial are — Phosphate of lime - - 21 parts. Soluble phosphates, with a little com- mon salt, - . - - 8 The elements of ammonia - - 11 Other matters, almost entirely organic 00 100 parU. To Protect Vines from Bugs. — A subscriber communicated to us a (ew days ago, a fact relative to the destruction of such bugs and winged insects as are injurious to encumber and melon vines, &.c. He has practiced it for several years, and found it very effectual in protecting the plants from the de- structive ravages of these insects. The method is as follows : Just at evening, he kindles a small fire, (or if the patch be large, several may be nec- essary,) that will blaze freely, in some convenient place, where it will not injure the plants. He then, by brushing the plants, alarms the bugs, so as to cause them to take wing, when they fly di- rectly into the fire, and are destroyed. — H'estern Far. ($• Gard. IPatering Fruit Trees. — There is great danger in over-watering. The newly transplanted tree will generally, from its innate vigor, push its leaves well, and until tliey are fully expanded, retain their freshness: D BEAN. It has often been a iiiatlor of regret with us that the copimon field white bean is not more extensive- ly ciillivaled, especially in the Earitern States. It produces bountifully, and pays better for the labor bestowed upon it than any other crop on light poor soils. iSakcd or boiled, it is a favorite dish at the table ; U is also most excellent feed for stock, es. pecinlly sheep. We estimate this humble little vegetable highly ; and if the following hints serve in the least to extend its culture, we shall feel amply repaid for writing this article. Soil. — The bean will grow well in any soil, from the stiffi'st clay to the loosest sand ; but in our ex- perience in its culture, we have found thai a lij;ht prnvel, abounding soincwhiil with stone, suits it l>est. In a clay soil the bean does not ripen so well or show so pure a white, and it is somewhat stiliject to mould and rot ; in rich loams it runs too much to vine ; and in light shining sands, its gr'iwth is small and somewhat parched. Preparation — We are supposing the soil a hard poor gravel: in this case it is customary to plow about 3 inches deep; but as the bean sends out innumerable fine roots from its main stem, it is im- portant to have the ground loose and inellow to a greater depth, and yet keep the most fertile part of It on the top. If, then, the. labor can be spared, and it bo not too expensive, we would recommend that the surface plow be followed by the smaller kind of subsoil-plow, stirring the ground 6 inches deeper thus making the two plowings at least 9 inches in depth. Manure. — A favorite manure for a benn crop in some parts of Mass,ichusetts, is chip-dung ; but composts rf most any kind, answer very well, es- pecially those in which muck predominates. Lime, ashes, charcoal and plaster, are more or less bene- ficial as a top-dressing. Long manure fresh from the barn-yard, is rather too rank, and is apt to make the beans run too much to vine ; but this de- pends iJomething upon the soil to which it is ap- plied. Whatever fertilizing mitcrials, however, are made use of, if the land be very poor and rough, and it is not particularly wished to improve it for a succeeding crop, we would recommend that they should be used for manuring in the hill ; otherwise be spread broadcast upon the land di- rectly after plowing, then well incrporated with the soil by harrowing. Thus prepared, the ground should be planted as soon as possible. Planting. — For this purpose, some prefer throw, ing tho field into ridges; but this should only be resorted to when the soil is stiff, or possesses a su- perabiindar.t moisture ; in evory other case, plant- ing on a level surface is best. Drills 2 1-2 to I? feet apart, is the favorite method of planting with those who are desirous of making the most of their ground ; hills 2 1-2 to -3 feet distant each way, an- swer nearly as well ; sonie sow broadcast, but when this is done, no afterculture can follow, and the crop is liable to be lessened by (he growth of weed.--, and the land is left in a foul state. Beans arc frequently grown among corn, being planted between each hill at the second time of hoeing-. ■ The crop under these circumstances is small ; it takes also from that of the corn, and it may he considered upon the whole, as scarcely paying for the extra trouble of culture. It is cus- tomary to plant beans after corn and pot.ntoes are got in. The first week in June is quite early enough in this climate ; farther north, the last ol May is perhaps better: it grows quick, and we have seen first rate crops gathered from plantings as late as the 15th of June, in the latitude of 42.° The quantity of seed usna'ly allowed per acre, in hills, is one bushel ; in drills, it would require a little more ; broadcast, at least two bushels. Yet this will depend something upon the size of the bean used, and the economy in dropping the seed. Six to seven beans should be dropped in each hill, and four or five slocks be left to bear ; in drills, drop the seed every two or three inches, and leave a plant every four to six inches. When planted in hills the field may bo checked out by a light one- horse ploWj as for corn ; then drop the seed by hand, and cover with a hoe or shovel. plow ; for drills, run the plow about two inches deep, then drop as above, or from a long-necked bottle, or a tin cup with a hole in the bottom and a handle at- tached to it, slightly shaking the cup or bottle as the person dropping walks along. Children are best for this kind of work, as they are not obliged to stoop so much as men, and they will do it quite as rapidly and well. After dropping, cover about two inches deep with tlie hoe, or turn back the furrow with the plow. When this is finished, it is best to pass a light roller over the ground. For drill planting, there are various machines which answer as well for beans as for corn, but in stony ground, or a stiff soil, they do not cover well. After-culture. — This is very simple, and only re- quires the cultivator to be passed up and down the rows at two or three different times during the sea- son, for the purpose of keeping the weeds down and stirring the earth, followed by a slight hilling with the hoe or a light plow, throwing the dirt to the plant.i. Harvesting. — This should be done in dry weath- er, as soon as the bean is well formed, and there is no danger of its moulding or shrinking ; if left till touched by a hard frost, the pods are liable to crack open, and much waste ensues from their shelling. When sown broadcast on smooth land, the most rapid way of harvesting is by mowing; when in hills or drills, especially in rough ground, it is customary to pull the vines by hand, which being light work, and demanding a good deal of stooping, may also, like the dropping of the seed, be pert'ormed by children. As the bean-vines are pulled they are thrown into small heaps, and sunned daily like hay. As soon as sufficiently dry, they should be taken to the barn, thrashed, and the straw stacked. We have never found it answer to stack beans before thrashed ; they have invariably become dark-colored or spotted, and in addition to this, we lost more or less by rot or nwuld. Mr Solon Robintfon, in vol. viii. of the Cultivator, rec- ommends the following method of curing beans: " Take poles or stakes (common fence-stakes) into your bean field, and set them stiff in the ground, at convenient distances apart, which ex- perience will soon show you, and put a few sticks or stones around for a bottom, and then, as you pull an arm-full, take them to the slakes, and lay them jround, the roots always to Ihe stake, as hi^'h as you can reach, and tie the top course with a string or straw, to prevent them from being blown off, and you will never complain again that yon cannot raise heans, because they are too trouble- some to save." Product. — This varies greatly according to soil and cultivation. When planted with corn, 7 to 12 j bushels is a fair yield per acre ; when planted ] alone, 20 to 25 bushels. Wo are persuaded iha by subsoiliiig even tho poorest gravel land, ar only lightly top-dressing it with the proper kind manure, from 30 to 35 bushels per acre may 1 counted upon as an average ; and if so, beai would be a much more profitable crop than ar thing else which eould be produced from such Ian The highest product which we have known takt from a single acre was 53 bushels, but wo lia' heard of 60 bushels being raised. Value. — White beans of a good quality, wt cleaned, and neatly put up, usually bring from j to f 1 75 per bushel in this market ; and occasio ally they are worth from $2 to $2 50. Th- stra is valuable as food for sheep, and wl en proper cured, they eat it with avidity. In a chemic analysis of beans, it is found they abound with greater quantity of the elements of wool than ai other grain or vegetable ; to make sheep produi heavy fleeces, they are therefore particularly dei rable as food, and such is the natural fondness those animals for them, that they will eat the with avidity, whole or ground, even in a damag. state. Corn is good for falling sheep, but not valuable as beans, peas, oats, and most other kin of grain, for the production of wool. From the Albany Cultivator. THE PUMPKIN CROP. Messrs. Editors — The pumpkin may be just called^one of the best articles the farmer raisi There are many different varieties of this v«gcl ble, but we think there is none equal to the ol fashioned, yellow, field pumpkin, for yield a goodness. For producing rich milk, it is one the very best articles that can be given cows. F raw to bogs, they are useful by increasing the i petite. They will fatten young fall beef, and gi fatting oxen a better start in the fall than eitb potatoes or turnips. The cultivation of the pumpkin is thought many farmers a secondary affair. Hence the id that they can be grown only in extraordinary s« sons, when everything is favorable. But that ti crop can be successfully grown with corn, 1 bs had abundant evidence, having never rased tht feparately but one season. The pumpkin H grow, and generally succeed well in any soil tH will produce the corn crop successfully. Thi like a rich, warm soil, with plenty of stable manu to feed on, and will stand drought as well as (i crop. But there are some difficulties to be o«i come in getttng the crop up and out of the waji insects, (bugs, &c.) We have generally planted pumpkin seed at I time of plan'ing corn ; but there is an objectioil this early planting, and that is, they may be cut by a late frost. This was the case in this sect! the two last seasons — frosts occurring about I first of June. After the yoong plants are up, ai ihe danger from frosts is past, then comes Ihe "I of war" with the bugs. The little striped bu coinc in swarms, and will in a short time, if left themselves, destroy ihe crop. But in this col (as in all others,) " preventbn is better than cure and to prevent their attacks, wo sprinkle Ihe pUl as soon as up, with plaster, and find tiie " varininl do not like to meddle with any thing that is whil with this substance. In case the plaster is wash off by rain, we sprinkle again, and contmi e to so as often as is necessary, till the plnnts area of the way uf these "pestiferous critters." 0 VOb. XXII. >JO. 4T. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 373 rop the Inst season, was planted with ciirn, and lad just got finply up, when, on thw night of the ret of June, thvy, wiih the corn, were cut down ■y froFt. 'i'li>; co'n started again, but the pump- ins were a " doai) set" at that biifinpss. We had few seeds left, uud a few days after the frost, we tuck them Jinvn between the hills of corn. They ame up we'l, and we took care to keep tliem cov. ■red with pliister, so that the bugs did not trouble hem much. The space covered by the vines :ould not hiive been much over an acre, yet we jathertd from it si.x large cart-boilies heaping full. To escape Inte frosts, we think the fiirmer would lo well to delay planting till about the first of 'une, in this chiii.ite. 'I'he spaces at which they ihould be plaiil'^d, is important, as the vines ex- .end a good distance. If planted witn corn, we .hink every alternate hill in every third row, will )e thick enough — the vines will then cover the 'round. Care should be taken not to obstruct the fines after they begin to run. If weeds spring up, jull thfin out by hand, or cut them out with a hoe. We have boen in the habit of raising pretty large crops of pnnipkins. Seven or eight years jgo, the seed which we saved from one crop, meas- jred (f)i buihel;, which we sold to the seedsman, it a dollar and a hnlf a bushel. The seed saved from the last crop was two bushels, which sold readily at two dollars a bushel. Derby, Conn. L. D D. JVote bii the Printer'! D — I. — Pumpkin ! What hallowed associitions — what fond recollections — what blissful anticipations, cluster around that name in the breast of the true New Englandar ! At horn';, it is his solace and a tie; — abroad, the name of pumpkin touches the tenderest chords of his heart, and the dear land of his nativity — the treasury of his hopes and his loves — the land of the pilfrrims once, and of pumpkins forever — seems dearer still ! Reverenced be the name of pump- kin,— over honored be pumpkin pies, — (how could we sing "it"eel home" without them I) — and suc- cess attend all pumpkin-growers. (Seed for sale at the office of the jV. E Farmer.)—'- P. D." The Field Carrot. — The soil best adapted to SELECTIONS I From the London Card. Chron. and JlgricuU. Gaz- \ Cucumbers. — For two years past, I have entirely discarded the old method of growing cucumbers on dung hot-beds, or of allowing them to grow on the surface of the soil at any time. I find that by training them to trellises I have not half the trou- ble with them that is required by the old plan, and that the plants continue much longer in bearing when so treated. — Robert Reid, JVoble Thorpe. Yenst. — Boil one ounce of hops in four quarts of water until the hops fall to the bottom of the pan ; strain, and wh."] Patent Manures. — It is the interest of the far- mer to pay but little attention to patent manures, and to see to the due economizing and preparation of the dung of his own farm-yard. We should be sorry to sav, "Do n't believe half the statements the carrot is a deep, rich loam, free from gravel or\p^rp„rU„g\o be facts, put forth by the advertisers Band ; if it is tco^^tdhesive, ashes and lime may l)e | ^^ patent manures;" but we may safely say, " Don't believe half the inferences they would have you Yew. — Caution to Farmers. — In addition to the statement in your paper, of four bullocks bein^ poisoned by eating Yew, I would observe that I have noticed where animals have been pi>isnned by it, the yew had been cut a few days before. Any animal, at least the horse, ass, cow, and sheep, may and do eat the yew with perfect impunity when t;reen, but a very small quantity, in a withered stale, I believe always kills. I used to live in a neighborhood where there were many of thes« trees, and often noticed all the above named ani- mals eating the green twigs with much relish and without harm ; and yet every now and thco, soma valuable cattle died suddenly, and on examining the stomachs, were evidently poisoned by yew. This made me reflect upon the subject, and I found that, if withered, it is a deadly and a quick poison ; if green, perfectly harmless, and much relished at times. I suspect that the same thing holds good with regard to the cornnioii Laurel. All of the above animals eat it when green without hurt, un- less taken in very great quantity ; but a very Small piece, in a withered state, will kill a pig. 1 should like to know if the above agrees with the experi- ence of your readers. — fF. D. F. in Card. Chron. mixed with it. If barn manure be used, it should be entirely decomposed or rotted, and intimately mixed with the earth. The ground should be plowed deep and made mellow before sowing. Whe 1 the plants spring up, they should early be freed froiii wieds, : nd the earth loosened around them. The feeble plants shi uld be pulled, leav- ing only the most hardy ones. At the second weeding, they should be thinned again, leaving the most healthy to grow, and thus continue, leaving the most thrifty ones not less than twenty inches apart, so as to give an abundance of room for the tops. In this manner, the writer has raised the yellow carrot no less than seven inches through, and at the rate of seven hundred bushels to the acre. — Selected. Manure of Foxcls. — We regret to see so little at- tention p- 1 to the saving of pigeon and hen-dung. The manure cf any kind of birds is extremely val- uable fo; gro ving melons, or indeed vine-crops of any kind. Cucumbers, squashes, pumpkins, and especially melons, grown with hen or pigeon dung, are said lo be sweet ir and more delicate than those from any other manure whatever. — Amer. Agrieult. Points of a Good Milch Cow. — The following may be useful to your correspondent "G." in an- swer to his inquiries. It is from a report of the Guernsey Agricultural Society. Points. — 1. Pu- rity of breed and qualities of the dam for yielding rich and yellow butter. 2. Small head, large and bright eye, small muzzle, small ears, orange-color within. 3. Straight back from the shoulders to the tail, and chest wide, 4. A fine and loose skin, with soft and short hair. H. Sides well rounded, flank small between the side and haunch, tail fine. 6. Fore legs straight and well proportioned, hind legs broad above the knee, fine and clean below ; hoofs small ; legs eljould not cross in walking. 7. Udder large, and the teats large and springing from the four corners of the udder ; milk-vein large and well defined. — Guernsey, in Card. Chron. draw from these statements." — Ed. Card. Chron. Cedars To"S. M. H."— There is little hope of recovering an old cedar when onco it is in a bad state of health ; but as yours is planted in a soil which is dry and mixed with chalk, it may be improved in the following manner : Remove the turf round the tree to the distance of about 20 feet in diameter, and then loosen the soil with a fork, so as not to injure the roots ; afterwards give the exposed surface a watering with 2 gallons of sul- phuric acid, diluted with sixty times its quantity of water, using it when the weather is moist. When this is done, the turf may be relaid. — Ed. Chron. Grafting Vines. — The grape vine may be suc- cessfully grafted either by whip or cleft grafting ; but whichever mode is adopted, the plant must be in leaf before the operation is performed. — lb. Graflinf^ Pears. — As many varieties as yon can find room 'or, may be grafted on the =ame tree. In some cases, a graft ol a diflereiit variety causes an improvement in the general health and bearing of the whole tree. — lb. Urate. — If the floors of stables or cow-sheda were strewed with common gypsum, they would lose all their oflTensive smell, and none of the am- monia which forms could be Inst, but would be re- tained in a condition serviceable as manure. This composition, swept from the stable floor, nearly constitutes what is sold under the denomination of Urate. Manufacturers of this material state, that three or four cwt. of Urate form sufficient manure for an acre ; a far more promising adventure for a practical farmer will be, to incur some expense in saving his own liquid manure, and, after mixing it with burnt gypsum, to lay it abundantly upon his corn lands. For, in this way, he may use as much gypsum as will absorb the whole of the urine. Now, in the manufacture of Urate, the proportion of 10 lbs. IS employed to every 7 gallons — allow- ing the mixture, occasionally stirred, to stand some time, pouring off" the liijuid, and with it nearly all its saline contents except the ammonia. Urate, therefore, can never present all the virtues of the urine — lOl) lbs. of Urate containing no greater weight of saline and organic matter than 10 gal- lons of urine. — Smith's Productive Farming. Mnngold-wnrzel. — A correspondent of the Gard- eners' Chronicle says, this beet fei to milch t )ws, increases the quantity of milk, but diminishes the richness of the cream. He has found carrots and parsnips far superior for producing butler. S74 NEW ENGLAND FARMER MAY 33,1S'I4. AM) HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. Edited by Joseph BreoU* Boston, Wednesday, Ma» 22, 1844. COI>MAN'S EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. We linve read wilh doep interesi, Cnlman's first re- port ol European agriculture, and think it will meet the high expectations ol" ihe |)iihlic. His account o( the ag- ricultural laborers in England and Scotland, is enough to ranke all in our land, who read it, however poor, fetl salisfii'd with their condition, and thank God that their lot was cast in a country where there is some chance of risinc Irom tlieir low estate, or at least where an indus- trious diy laborer may procure the necessaries, the com- forts, and even many of the luxuries of life for himself and laniilv, and save a liule f«r the time of need. We make a few extracts : A Scotch Collage. " In the neighborhood of Haddington, in Cast Lolhi- an, I visited a laborer's cottage, being one in a range of SIX colta;es, in a district of country beautifully cultiva- ted and highly improved. The wife, a very tidy and ci»il woman, about forty years of age, was at liome ; her husband and daughter laboring in iha field. This was a very good specimen of a neat cottage, and ils in- mates had passed the greater part of their lives in it. It had no other floor but the hard ground ; and two beds were fixer! in the wall, like sailors' berths on board ship A cake made of pea-flour and barley-flour was baking over the fire, of which I was asked to eal, but the taste of which did very lillle towards quickening my appe- tite There was, bnsides the one in which I was, a small room for coal and lumber, where, in case of great emergency, a lodging might be made up. One of her neighbors in the same block, with no larger accommoda- tions, had ei^hl children to provide for. The husband of the woman in whose cottage I was, was a plowman, and likewise a bondager — a species of service or con- tract which requires him 10 furnish a fi^male laborer, at tenpence a day in ordinary work, and one shilling per day in harvest, whenever her services are n quired. If he has not a wife or daughter who will answer the pur- pose, he must keep a woman in his house to be always in readiness whenever hi-r services are required. His wages were — 18 bolls of oats, at 4 bushels per boll, 72 bush. 2 bolls of peas, " " 8 " 4i bolls of barley, " " 18 " and £1 for " lint"— or shirts. The employer likewise keeps a cow fiir the laborer ; or if he has no cow, an allowance is made to him of five or six pounds in money. He is likewise allowed 1000 sq. yards of ground for potatoes, which the farmer plows and manures for him, but which he cultivates in extra huuis. For Ihe woman's work he receives a fixed amount per day, wlieiiever she is employed ; and (or SIX months' service in the year, he pays her three pounds. For the other six niunlhs he pays her nothing more than her board and some clothes. " Frugality in Humble Life. " Of the extraordinary frugality wilh which some per- sons in humble life live, even where prices are high, I may as well in this place us anywhere, give an example which came under my observation. in Arbroath, near the niagnificeht ruins of the abbey of Arbroath, 1 heard the movements of a hand-loom, and I took the liberty, with due ceremony, of going in. A iniddle-ajcd Scotch woman, of pleasing a|ipearnnce, and neatly dressed, was weaving. 1 asked her huw much she was able to earn She replied, that if she rose early, at five o'clock, and woiked all day through the week, after paying for the use of the loom and tlie cost of winding her spools, her week's work would amount to four shillings. She re- ceived no parish assistance. She paid three pounds six- teen shilling.^ for the rent of her house. Her fuel cost her ninepente per week ; and out of the remainder — lf!S8 than two shillings — she had to support and clothe herself and an aged mother, who was very infirm and incapable of helping herself. What the support that either of the pour creatures could have under such cir- cumstances, must be left to conjecture. The woman spoke of her circumstances being difficult, but she made no complaint ; and presented an example of (rue chris- trian philosophy, which would have done honor to a su- perior education and the highest condition in life." IVomen iMioring in the Field. " In all parts of the country, women are more or less employed on the farms, and in some parts in large num- bers ; I have frequently counted thirty, fif'y, and many more in a field at a time, both in hoeing turnips and in harvesting. I have found them, likewise, engaged in various other services : in polling weeds, in picking stones, in unloading and treading grain, in lending threshing machines, in digging potatoes and pulling and topping turnips, in tending cattle, in lending out dung, and in carrying lime-stone and coals. Indeed there is hardly any menial service to which they are not accus- tomed; and all notions of iheir sex seem out of the ques- tion whenever their labor is wanted or can be applied. The wages of women are commonly sixpence and eight- pence, and seldom exceed ten-pence a day, excepting in harvest, when they are as Iiigh as a shilling. Their meals are taken in the fields. The dinner is often nothing more than bread. I am not disposed to object to the em- ployment of women in some kinds of agricultural labor. The employment of then) in indistTiminate labor is lia- ble to tlie most serious objections. In terlding,and mak- ing hay, and in various other agricultural labors, they carry their end of the yoke even ; but in loading and leading out dcn;r, in i;arrying broken Iime-stone in bask- ets on their heads, to be put into the kilns, and in bear- ing heavy loads of coal from the pits, 1 have felt that their strength was unnaturally taxed, and that, at least in these cases, they were quite out of ' woman's sphere.' I confess, likewise, that my gallantry has often been se- verely tried when I have seen them at the inns acting as ostlers, bringing out the horses and assisting in changing the coach team, while the coachman went into the inn to try the strength of tlie ale." Impruvemenl in the Condition of the Laboring Classes. " To my mind, it is obvious that no great improve- inent can take place in the character and condition of the laboring population while they remain a distinct and servile class, without any power of rising above their condition. The low rate of their wages absolutely for- bids the accumulation of any properly. They cannot own any nf the soil which they cultivate. The houses which they ociupy belong not to themselves, and they may at any time be turned out of them. They must ask leave to live, and they must take it by plunder or violence if denied. Their only home is the grave, and even their repnse here is nrt always secure. I recfllect, in passmg tlirough a part of Derbyshire, the coachman, by whose side I was seated, said to nie tliat this was the Duke of Devonshire's village, and this the Duke of Rutland's, and this the Duke of Norfolk's, and so on ; and I could not help asking mysell, with some sinking of heart, where lithe people's own village ? I believe it is impossible for a man who lives in a state of entire dependence upon others, to have tho spirit of a man ; and who, in looking out upon the beau- tiful and productive earth, where God has placed him, is compelled to feel that there is not a fool of soil which, under any circumstances, he can claim (or himself; that there is ns i,, .Eluded ,^ "!lfi^/ "'"■'( ^';'^-^' '""'"" "'^"'.f "*• »' «3 , er doz- J , * .; 1 ,M in ^"' "^"^ ^" <■*;'"*• M**"^ plani Iiir some exlra fine new "lorls. Voriie.ly pxpo-;ui 2 to)l:e week emiing M:iy 19. ,.,"t^ r» »- *r . -. \„, ^ . , V Rtciit..\A.^. 1 he many vnnelies nf ihis snowy flnwor add much to ihe lirilliancy of ihe flower ;,'ariten, us ilipy cotiiinue in bloom iVom Jtme to Nitvemhcr- They cun he fur- nished al a low rate, cinhrncing while, pink, purple, Jiloc, scarlet, crmisoii. and many inlermediale shades and varia- tions, at 3-2 per dozen, when the selection is made by us, — or as;i per dozen for some ol' the choicest new sorts. DOUBLE DAHLIAS- We can furnish this sorgeous flower In any extent, and of the most splendid varieties frnm 3 'o Si'-* per dozen. 'I'he tune of plaminrj is last approach- ing, and ihoj-e who wish to omametil their grounds with this flower should semi in ih'ir orders soon. The tirst of June is in ^.ea^on to plant them out. We can forwiird ihem safely in pots to any part of the country. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston. May 13, 1814. & C O. Miiy I'i-t.l. 1 7 A.M. 12, M. 5,P.M. 1 Wind. \Ioniliiy, 13 '.3 £9 62 N. W. Tui'sday, 14 43 63 49 E. SVediK'seisy, 15 56 66 69 N. E. riiursdjy, !('• 5t 63 6(1 E. fridjy, 17 1 54 54 SO N. E. 3aiurd:iv, 1.^ :.3 57 E. Sunday i'> 1 uO 61 62 N. W. BKKiHTON MARKKT.— MoM.Ai,May20, 1844. Ki-nf-rlrJ fur Ihe N. K. Fftrmer. At Mrirkfi 540 15i;pf Cattle, 10 pairs Worliinir Oxen, 40 Sliei'p, and l(iOO Swine. 25 Beef Cattle were Irivcn to Providence. 75 Beef Cattle and 300 Swine insuld. I'lilcES. — f^«^:f Cattle. — I^rice't have def'iined and we educe our quotati'm'", viz ; a small nunilier exira $5,.')0. 'irst quality :j-'>,00 a 5,2.5 ; second quality $4 50 a 4,75. riiird qipilctv .Tta';') m i,-i5. Worliim; Or.tn — No i.ales noticed. Sheep — t^old from 'ifM to f 4,50. tiwine. — Lots to peddle 5 for sows, and fi for harrows, •arje Barrows 4 3-4 a 5. Sows 4 1-2, At retail from 1-2 to 7. FARM FOR SALK. One of the n>osl pleasant situations in the middle of the town of Pepppreil —the farm of the l.ue Rev. James Howe, containing .14 acres of first rate land, well divided inln mow- ing, tdlage, pasturino; and wood land, well watered and feuceil, with a two story house and two hams, one 36 liy 40 Jeet, with a cellar under the same, and all other convenient out buildings. There are a v jrieiy of fruit trees on the farm Terms easy. For further particulars inquire of SKTH NA- SON, on the premises, or to JO.SEPH BRECK & CO., 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston. April 20. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Correcled uith f^eal cure, weekly. SEEDS. Herds Grass, $2 00 to 2 12perl.ushel Red Top 3 to 70 cents (.'luver — .Northern, 9 to lOc. — Southern, 8 9c. Klax Seed SI 50 per hushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. anary Seed, S3 00 per bushel. GRAIN. Aliont all the recent importations of Corn have Ben sold at 50c. for yellow fiat, and 43c. per bushel for hile. The supplies of Oats and Rye are about equal to le deman ". Corn— Nirthern. new, bushel 00 to 00— Southern, round ?llow, old, 52 a 53— "^o'lthern fiat yellow, new, 60 nSI — ). do. white in a I'O— do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Barley ) a 00 —Rye, i^ ihern, 74 a 75— do. Southern, 71 a .'3 — ats.Southern, 00 a 32— Northern do. 36 to 37— Beans, per ishel I 00 a I 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 00 a 0 0- Bran, 5 a 00. FLOUR. Tliere have been considerable sales of Gene- ve during the week j,ast. Baliimure, Howard btreel, 4 mos. cr. t4 94 a 5 00— do. harf, S4 75 a4Sl— ilo. free of garlic, S4 87 a 0 00— Phila- ilphl.i no. ^ moa. ^4 J i i 4 ^^7 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 08. S4 81 a4 87— Alev.-odria, wharf mountain, OoOaO 00. ■Geors;elnwn, S5 O'.i a 3 25— Richmond Canal, 84 87 a 5 00 . 3 do do do 18 a 20. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. The slock in market is now very small, and some holders POTTAWATTAMIE BEAN. The subscribers are happy lo inform their customers and friends that Ihey have received a new arid superb variety of early BUSH BEAN, of execllenl flavor, and very prolific. It surpasses in beauty any variety now cultivated among us The name of " Pottawattamie" has been given to it on ac- count of us having been received from that tribe of Indians in Iowa, by whom it is cultivated. Price 37!^ cents per quart. JOSEPH BRECK'& CO. Boston, April 17, 1314. JOSEPH BRECK NEW ENGLAND Jlgricullural ll'artliouse AND s.:ed store. 51 and 52 North Markei Street, Bostnn JOSEPH liRECK & CO. bavmij received a lull and gen- eral assorlmeni of FIELD. GRA^S, GA RDEN and FLOW- ER SKEDS, worthy of culiivatioii, confideiilly reciunmend Ihem as being pure and of llie first qiialilies, unmixed willi other viirietics; ihey have no hesitation in saying that their collection of Seeds is the best, and of the Rreatest variety ever otlereil for .sale at any eslablisOmenl in the U. States. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. ' AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz ;— 1000 Howard's I'uient Casi Iron Ploughs, 2 0 Comnmn do. do, 2iiO Ciiliivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutters, 50 Willi,' do do. 100 Common do do, loO Willis' Patent Corn Shellers" 60 Coimnou do. do, 2u0 Willis' Seed Sowe.-s, 50 do. Vege- table Cutlers, 50 Common do. do , 2no Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles, too Ox \ okes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Stonec, .3000 do Austin's Rifles, lOo d,iz. Cast Steel Shovels, IBO (o. Common do. luo do. Spades, 5110 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patent Snaiths,2o0 do Common do., 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3io do. Hay do 300 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. lOO do Draft do, oOO do. Tie up do, 50 doz. Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. .Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store. 51 and 52 North Market Street, Boston '.( SPLENDID FLOWER SEEDS. The suhscibers have received the following choice Flow- er Seeds which they offer at 6 1-4 cents per package, except those marked otherwise. Extra fine German Asters, 8 varieties. Fine double Balsams (sorts.) Extra fine do 12A cents- Cosmos bipinnatus 12 *' Campanula pulcherrima 12^ cents. — pyrainidalis alba 12J cents. ■ do. azurea 12^ cents. Chinese Primrose 12i cents. Cleome Grandifiora 12i cents. Didiscus cerulea \3^ cents. Erysimum Peroflskiana. Geraniums, from superb flowers 33^ cents. Lupinus pollyphyllus 12j cents. var alba 12^ cents — rivularis 12^ cents. % . Crookshankii 12^ cents. spleudens 12^ cents. . odoratus 12A cents. Lophospermum Siandem 12j cents. Mimulus Hudsonia 12^ cents. ■ • cardinalis spleudens 12^ cents. Madagascar periwinkle 12^ cents. Pentslemon Millerii I '1 cents. .- — hybridus I24 " qentiaiioides 12^ cents. spleudens 1 2J " Salpiilossis, fine sorts 12i " Schizanthus Kookerii 124 " obtusitiilia. new white. humilus. pinnata. PortulacciGilesii, 25 cents. Phlox Drummondi I'j^ " Verbena, fine scarlet, and from other choice sorts 12J cts. ■ aubletia. urticifolia— With many other rare sorts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 19, 1844. FINE BO.\B MANTRE. The subscribers have on hand, Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bone Manure, mixed with ihe marrow of the I one. edemandini; an advance on present quotations, but we It was produced from a iiKrinfaclory when the bone was saw- ar of no sales. ! ed in a wet state. It must be a very valuable article. Isl sort Mass 1^43, lb. 6| a 7 ; 2d do 41 a 5. I Also. Fitly liarrcls fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- HAV, 14 to IC pertou- Eastern ScrewedSIOto 12. P^i'ly *•»" ''"st, and the refuse of a manufactoiv- EGGS, 12 a 14. ' March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK &. CO. WARREN'S GARDEN AND NURSERY, NONANTUM VALE, BalGHTON, FLORAI, SALOON AND SEED STORE, No. 1 TREMONT TEMPLE, {late Tremont Theatre-) EOSTO.W. The proprietor of U;ic establishment is now ready to receive a ;d execute;q, iers for Fruit ; Ornamental Trees; Grape Vines; Shrubbery; Roses; Straw- berry Plants, &c. in ao^ quantity and of the most valuable kinds at short noticej,{.^:operly packed and secured for transportation lo any part pi the United States or Pro- vincejs. The catalogue for 1844 which has been prepared with scrupulous care, contain a list of ibe choicest sorts of Pears; Apples ; Plums ; Cherries ; Peaches ; Apricots and ."Necta- rines ; Grape Vines ; Raspberric.i ; Gooseberries ; Straw- berries ; Currants ; Evergreen Trees and Shrubs ; Orna- mental Trees; Herbaceous Plants 5 Roses; Green House Plants ; Dahlias, &c. A new feature has been added in the catalogue which renders it particular valuable for purchasers who are desi- rous of improving their orchards and grounds by planting only ihe most approved, superior and productive varieties. It is by columns and abbreviatir.ns, the meaning of wb.ch is explained under every diflierent kind of fiuil, so that a large number of the most iinpoilaiit characters by which the dif- ferent varieties are distinguished may be seen at a glance. While the list nf fruits may not lie found so exlensive as in some other catalogues, it contains every kind of value, and all new and improved varielies are added as soon as IKeir qualities are tested. Neveriheless any variety that may be ordered can always be supplied, on as reasonable terras as are afforded »ny other nurseries. The list of />.4/i/yMS comprises upwards of 3 0 of the choicest varieties of this gorgeous and splendid flower, most of them prize varieties. Dry roots ready for delivery early in Ihe spring, and in pots from the middle of April to the Ifet June. STllA WBERRIES of the most productive and best raiieties, for sale in any quantity. None but healthy and strong plants will he suffered lo leave the nursery. GRAFTS anA SCIONS o( most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtained in their season. GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, ol all the rare and splen- did kinds, always on hand at the Saloon, where visitois are respectfully invited to call. GRAPE VINES; ASPARAGUS, and other roots constantly for sale. .\lso, a great variety of choice OARDE.Wani FLOW- ER SEEDS, all of" this year's growth, and warranted fresh, ecnuine and trut to their names. Agricultural, Hor'ieultural and Bulaiiical Books. Gardeinng Implements; Flower Vases, &c. Sic. The whole enumerated in a new descriptive Calalostue, which will be given frrntis on application. All orders for trees will be delivered at one day's notice. Every tree and plant will be warranted by the subscriber, as lo its distinctive character and goodness. Boqiieis and cut flowers, can be obtained any day in the week at the saloon. Flowers furnished for decorations, at short notice. JAMES L. L. F. VVARREN. April 3. 376 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. MAY aa, IS44. MISCELLANEOUS Contrash in Life.— A physician met me. <* Would you like to see a curious picture of life ?" ■did ho. " Of course: how far off?" " Within sound of that music." We turned out of Broadway, and in a few mo- ments were at the font of a rude and dirty stair- case, leading up on the side of a wretched build- ing, to a kind of temporary loft. The doctor opened Government of Children — We have no idea that every family of children can be governed with the same ease or to the same perfection. But what- ever excuse some parents may have for defects which appear in their children, on account of na- ture, disposition, or the circumstances in which they are placed, we certainly cannot excuse those who makt no attempt to govern them. We have often been pained when we have heard parents give commands to their children, and then allow i them to be totally disregarded. We have seen i this evil in ministers' families, as well as in others. , door, and we entered a dingy room, just long , ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ .^^^ been directed to a case of enough for a man to lay his length in. An old cobbler's bench without tools, a few scraps of old ; leather, and a man lying on some dirty straw in the corner, with a ragged quilt over him, were all the contents of the room. Yes, one thing more — j a cent laid carefully on the window-sill. " Have you taken the medicine ?" asked the doctor. "No, sir!" " Why not ?" " It 's of no use, sir." " How of no use?" "Why, I don't want it — I'm sick of life, doc- tor. 1 did n't send for you." Here the sick man turned his back to us with a groan of pain at the effort, and drew the dirty cov- erlet over his head. The doctor leaned over him and itain thai his seed is put into the ground, and at the same lime' in the best possible manner. Theie has been a great, difficulty in machines fur sowing garden spe.ls ; they ^ arc very apt to clog up, and the farn.'r might go over ao acre of hind and not sow a single seed : h.it not bo with" this; it is so constructed that it cannot possibly clogj In using this sower, the farmer can save one half gl , his seed, and do the work at less ihrn one quarter the expense of tl'e co:nmon way of sowing, and have i done in a much better manner; it opens the furiow drops the seed covers it over and rolls tlinn down. It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Rula Baga Mangel Wurtzel, Turnips, Carrots, Beets, Parsnips, On ions, 4-0 For sale at the New England Agricnilura Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 nnd 52 North Mar ket street, by JOSEl'H BRECK & CO. The Parson and the Farmer. — An honest bluff farmer meeting the parson of the parish in a bye- lane, and not giving him the way so readily as he expected, the parson, with an erect chest, told him that he " was bettor fed than taught." "Very true, indeed, sir," replied the farmer ; " for you leach me, and / feed mysell."— JSng. pap. EPIGRAM. Why should all girls, a wit exclaimed, Supriaing farmers be ? Because they 're olways studying The art of husband-ry. Wan of JVapoleon — The German historians, whose statistics are relied on with much confidence, estimate that in the wars of Napoleon, which were carried on eleven years, from 1802 to 1612, five milliont eight hundred thousand men perished, be- ing more than half a million annually. This cal- culation does not include a great number of pre- mature deaths, caused by the accidenU of war, by fright, despair, &c. NITRATE OP SODA FOR AGRICCI.TURA1. PURFOSB8. BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named article, which has been much approved of in England, and as far as used in this country has been found highly beneficial od grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, 1344. 3m GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved with a foot treader, are lound lobe agreal improve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be attach- ed lo stones hung in the common way. Kor sale by J. BRECK & Co., No. 61 North Market street. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements have been made the p^.st year in th form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; llui mould b< ar has heen so formed as to lay the fvrrmc ''Aymptetely onei \ tumivg in every particle of grass or 3tut^blK, and tenving th\ ground in the best possible manner. The length of lb mould board has heen very much incrensed, so that th Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect t the holding and the team. The Committee ? t the late Irin of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to whioli of the Plough we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhajjs say I the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to worl, try Prouty & Mears, hut if your landis hcavtj, hxrd OTroch\ BEGIN WITH Ma. HoWAHD'B." At the ahove mentioned trial the Howard •^'i'^ugh dt more work, with the same pewer of teajn. than any othi plough exhibited. No other turned more it an Iwenlyseve and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while ife Howard Plough turned tteeniynine and one half inch^s^. the same power of team I All acknowledge that Howard Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantial! made. . There has heen quite an improvement made on the sho or land side of this Plough, which can be reuewed willioi having to furnish a new fandside; this shoe likewise securi the mould hoard and landside together, and strengiheas th Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to »I6. A Ploiig sufficient for breaking up with lour cattle, will cost aboi tio eo, and with cutter 1 1, with wheel and cutler, t2 f extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail,: the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Sted Slut Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAP«R. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not pa within sixty days. IS. B. — Foatmasters are permitted by law to frank i subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, witho expense to subscribers. TOTTLK AMP DKNWITT, FKIIfTZKB* 21 School Sitrce. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. ^ PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoricditohal Wabbhoube.) l»l,. XMI.l BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 29, 1844. [NO. 48. N . E. FARMER CAPE COD SOIL. A field containing about two acres, was planted ih corn by Mr Harvey riovvea, in Dennis, about fortnii^ht since. A storm of wind, a day or two ter, blew off the light soil to so great an extent nearly or quite to cover the fence on the lee- ird side, and to leave il extreuiely doubtful how nch of the field remained planted ; and Mr Howes ill have to wait with patience until he ascertains hat requires to be replanted It was estimated at not less than 500 loads of soil were removed. What would the agricultural editors do with ich soil as this?- — Yarmouth Regisler. Itj^Let it be protected from the winds by plan- tions of everfjreen trees. This has been done ider similar circur.istances in Europe, as appears ( the (ullowin£r extract from a coiniiiunjcation by on. Win. Foster, of Boston, in vol. xviii. No. 41, the New England Farmer: " Beiwixt Bordeaux and Bayonne, in France, ere is a great extent of sea-coasi, from whence e blown iuMuense drifts of sand, which were en- naching fearfully on the fertile soil beyond. The rench oovernment had made various attempts to op its progre.ss without success, until about sev- ity years ago, when a philosophical engineer pro- jsed to prepare a wide belt of hind the whole •ngth, taken from that part yet capable of cultiva- on, aud to sow it broadcast with pine. The plan jcceeded, and the sand-drift has been stopped." Instead of sowing the seed, it would be more ad- isable to transplant the trees, and with them as luch of the soil in which they grew as cnnvonient. The next measure would be to stiffen the soil y mixing with it clay or peat ; but we do not know lat either of these substances is procurable on the lape. If not, it might cost more than il would ome to, to transport them from elsewhere ; but of lis our Cape Cod friends must be the judges. Soil ■om the salt marshes might be of use for the above urpose. But the mere prevention of the drifting f the sand by breaking the force of the winds, /ould be a great help, and this we think is practi- able by the method above proposed. — Ed. Jlsparngtis A medical correspondent, on whose tatement we can most implicitly rely, informs ns hat the advantages of this plant are not sufficient- y estimated by those who sulfcr from rheumatism nd gout. Slight cases of rheumatism are cured n a few days by feeding on this delicious esculent ; nd more chronic cases are much relieved, espc- ially if the patient carefully avoid all acids, wheth- r in food or beverage. The Jerusalem artichoke IBS also a similar effect in relieving rheumatism, riie heads may be eaten in the usual way, but tea lade from the stalks, and drunk three or lour times . day, is a certain remedy, though not equally agreeable. — York (Eng.) Courant. Sprinkling asparagus with sea-water, when six nches high, is said to be very beneficial. MANAGEMENT OF CORN. To the Editor of the A'. E. Farmer : Sir — \a I have seen several different plans for planting corn in hills and drills, &c., inyourvalua- ble paper, I will give you my method of planting corn in drills. I have been in the habit, for a number of years, of planting corn in drills, on deep soil, and as fol- lows : Plow about 0 inches deep, taking care to lay the furrows as level as possible. Before plant- ing, harrow it lengthwise of the furrows a number of times, and until it becomes mellow. It is then furrowed out. North and South, at the dis- tance of 4 l-'i feet apart, about 4 inches deep, with a small horee-plow, going across the piece and back in the same place, throwing the soil each way from the centre of the drill ; I then fill the fur- rows with compost manure made from my hog and barn. yard, with a portion of stable manure: it will take from IG to IS cords to the acre: it is covered with the plow, by turning a furrow on each side of the drill. The corn is placed in the two latter fur- rows, 17 inches apart in opposite intervals, in what would be termed the dead furrow, without manure ; the two double rows will be 18 inches apart, and the cultivation between the double rows, 3 feet ; the manure to be kept covered. I drop 2 kernels of corn in a place, but never suffer more than one stalk to stand, unless there are missing hills, and in that case I allow two to stand next to the miss- ing. My reasons for this plan of planting without manure in the hill are, that it prevents the stalks from getting an over growth in June, and the ears will set lower on the stalk, and will take less strength of soil to support them. The stalk of corn has two sets of ro its ; the first set extend deep into the earth, draw the moisture, &c., and will stand the drought equal to a shrub bush. The second set of roots, called fibre or corn roots, and by some cob roots, extending all over the ground near the surface, which tend to making corn, will have the benefit of the manure that is deposited for the purpose of making corn, and not stalks: in this mode of culture, I have raised over 100 bush- els of corn to the acre. I am confident in the ulti- mate success of this mode of drill planting, it will raise corn enough over and above the ordinary mode, to pay the whole expense of cultivation. One of my neighbors contended that this plan of planting was not a good one, on account of the sniallness of the stalks in June, and with that quan- tity of manure he could raise more corn on the old plan ; he therefore prepared an acre of land on a wager that ho could beat. He plowed his land and spread the same quantity on the surface and in the hill ; it was planted in hills three feet apart each way : he raised the largest growth of stalks that I ever saw: in fact it was all stalks, for he did not raise the tenth part of corn that was raised on my plan. Both planted the same sfasou. Ma- nuring corn in the hill for the purpose of getting a large growth of stalks in the early part of the season, and having no deposit to carry it out, is in my opinion bad policy : it only tends to make stalks to the injury of the grain ; for if the ears set high on the stalk, it will require great strength of soil to carry them through. Corn should be plant- ed early, but it should have but the natural soil, and should not be encouraged beyond that. Keep the manure deposited to make corn. Yours, &c. G. S. Warwick, R. I., May 20, 1844. {jy^Our correspondent's prescriptions are rather unseasonable for this year's use ; but, like certain other valuables, they may be " warranted to keep," and be as good next year as when •' bran new." Will he favor us with an account of other practices in his husbandry .' — Eu. For the N. E. Farmer. IMPROVE THE BORDERS OF FIELDS. Strips of land on the borders of fields, next to the wall or fence, where the plow could not be brought to work, are very often suffered to lie idle, and produce nothing. Now, if such strips were improved by planting bush beans or peas, or win- ter squashes, they would yield a product of more profit, I venture to say, taking into account the ex- pense bestowed on them, than the same amount of land planted with the main crop of the field. "Many a mickle makes a muckle," says the Scotch proverb ; and a hill of bi'aiis here, and of squashes there, in spots which would not otherwise be occupied with any thing of value, will count up at harvest, and furnish a supply of these excellent vegetables for family use, sutficient, perhaps, for the whole winter. This may seem to some a small matter: not so do 1 view it; it is an object worthy the farmer's attention. He certainly renders his reputation of being a good husbandman somewhat questionable, who suffers any portion of his land to lie idle, that could be just as well improved, and with an assu- rance of profit. Many such unoccupied strips of land as those alluded to, might be put to a useful purpose, I think, in being planted with the sun-flower — the seeds of which, some maintain, are no less valuable for poultry than grain. If these seeds have such value, most certainly they would well repay for the expense incurred in raising them. D. Utility of Geese to the Farmer. — It has been long remarked that cattle of all kinds are never ui'- healthy where geese are kept in any quantity ; and the reason assigned is simply this, that geese con- sume with complete impunity, certain noxious weeds and grasses, which taint more or less, ac- cording to their abundance, the finest paddocks de- pastured by horses, bullocks, and sheep. Most far- mers are aware of ihie, and in many places where the beeves appear sickly, geese are let into the pastures, and the soil where they tread is converted for the time being into a sort of infirmary JVeto M Farviers' Jour. 378 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, For the New England Farmer, GUANO. Mr Editor — Mr Teschemacher has lain the pub- lic under obligations to liini forliis interesting coin- niiinications on the use of that important article, Guano. Dr. S. L. Dana, in his interesting ".Miick .Man- ual," inforn)s us that there are three varieties of guano known in trade ; that the most recent is the best; that the white is the most recent : the red- dish brown the most ancient, and the dark grey in- termediate between the two. Now, Mr Editor, as one kind of guano is sup- posed to be stronger and more valuable than anoth- er, will yon have the goodness to ask Mr Tesche- macher to be kind enough to tell us through the columns of the N. E. Farmer, which of the varie- ties of guano he used in his experiments, when, though some ofhi-i seeds were killed by the strength of the manure, the seeds which were not killed, made such a luxuriant crop.' Yours, with respect, A COHBTANT RrADER. For the New England Farmer. PROFITS PER ACRE OF EIGHT CROPS. Mr Breck— Dear Sir— The following explana- tion, which has been crowded out of place by a number of other matters, is now at your service. If you think it has been too long neglected to merit a place at this time in your valuable paper, just throw it aside. In my communication on the right use of ma- nures, which was published in the N. E. Farmer, of 27th March last, my account of the net profits per acre on eight crops, which grew in consequence of one manuring with fish, seems to be thought somewhat ambiguous, and not easily understood. Therefore, permit mo to say, by way of explana- tion, that when I stated that " these eight crops, after deducting all expenses for rent, and for culti- vation, gave a net profit at the rate of about .$100 per acre," I meant to be understood, and I supposed I should be understood, that the eight crops col- Uclively gave a total amount of about .f 100 net gain 1. r acre. This would be an average of about $12 50 net gain annually per acre, during the 8 years in wliich the crops were taken. It may per- haps be right to add, that the land in the next ad- joining lot and of about the same value with this before it was manured, has been several times ap- praised for only about $\0 per acre. I will also just add, that under the head of cuZ/irdli'on, I in- cluded tha expense of the fish with which the land was manured. So that the net gain on those eight crops which grew in those eight years, was more than double the original price of the manure, to- gether with the land on which the crops grew, and the land was left better at the end of "the eight years than it was at the beginning. This I think would not have been the case if the land had had the same amount of manure divided into different parts, and applied in different years, even if exact- ly the same amount of manure had been applied in the eight years. For if the manure had been spread on the surface, a great part of it would have been lost in the atmosphere, and if it had bren plowed in at different times, then the expense of so many plowings would have absorbed a great part, if not the whole of what is now net gain. Yours, respectfully, ASA M. HOLT. E. Haddam, CI., May 23(/, 1844. MAY 89, 1844. Communicated. Dr. Asa .M. Holt, of East Haddam, respectfully tenders his thanks to Dr. C. T. Jackson, for the valuable and interesting communication,' on the manufacture of artificial Guano, which Dr. Jackson has so generously published in the columns of the N. E. Farmer. But as the humate of potash, and the apocrenale of ammonia, bolii of which enter the composition of Dr. Jackson's guano, are neither of them found at our stores. Dr. Jackson is request- ed to have the goodness to give the public a fur- ther benefit, by publishing in detail in the N. E. Farmer, his method of preparing both of the above nnmed articles. East Haddam, Conn., May 23d, 1844. Ptach Tree fForm—M. Flngg, in the Plowboy, says : "Much has been said and written respecting the worm which is so destructive to our peach trees. Now my object is not so much to point out a pre- ventive as a cure, of which, after eight years' trial, I can speak with some degree of assurance. It consists in the following simple method: In the spring, after the frost is out of the ground, I lay bare the trunk of the tree at the roots, then pour on from two to four gallons of boiling soap-suds, tak- ing care so to remove the earth as to retain the boiling suds around the tree; then immediately replace the earth. I usually perform the same op- eration again in August ; and once a year I scrub the entire trunk of the tree with strong soap-suds ; this method I consider much better than diccrincr away the earth, and probing with a penknife, as il takes comparatively but littlu time, and is much more certain. Many persons might be deterred from trying this method, fearing that it would in- jure or destroy the tree; but I can safely say I have never known a single instance where the tree sustained the least injury. I have sold peaches for four dollars a bushel the subsequent fall after the operation." From the London Gardener's Chronicle. SALT AS MANURE. Amongst the many manures strongly recommen- ded to farmers, few are more highly lauded than common salt ; which, it is stated, supplies to crops all that they require, being at the same time the cheap- est, most effectual, and most universal of all known manures. As to the practical evidence on which such assertions are based, I will say nothing; well authenticated facts are always valuable, and we tnay form our own conclusions from them ; the ad- vocates of salt as a manure are, however, not satisfied with stating simple facts respecting its use, but theorize as to the probable manner in which it may act, and endeavor to prove by those theories, its excellence as a manure. Two chemi- cal reasons are advanced to prove the value of common salt as a fertilizer. It is stated that salt fixes ammonia; and secondly, that when decom- posed by ammonia, alkali is set free, which greatly increases the fertility of the soil. In the Gardener's Chronicle for J 843, No. 8, I made some observations on the action of salt on carbonate of ammonia, my object being to show, that the asser- tion that salt was one of the best fixers of ammo- nia, was not supported by chemical facts ; but that, on the contrnry, it is highly improbable that salt could bo used for that purpose, although true that under particular circumstances salt and carbonate of ammonia partially decompose each other. A the subject is again exciting a good deal of intei est, I am induced to make a few farther observi tions on the subject, more especially in respect t the second assertion, that salt, whe'n decompose by carbonate of ammonia, furnishes alkali to planti There can be no doubt that in some situationi on particular soils, and applied to particular crop, salt in moderate quantity is an excellent manure- abundant evidence of this is given in the writini; of those who have studied the effects of manures but at the same tune there are many cases in whic its application has done no good, and indeed some times produced evil effects. In many case no doubt, these effects were the result of to large an application of salt, whilst in others th nature of the soil was such as to render the salt o no value. In the following observations, my object is nc in any way to discourage the employment of sail but merely to point out the questionable nature o the scientific reasons in favor of its applicalior which are made use of by its advocate.-;. Whei very strong solutions of common salt and carbon ate of ammonia are mixed at low temperaturee-i they slowly and imperfectly decompose each other and a quantity of bi-carbonale of soda and muri ate of ammonia are formed, whilst a portion o ammonia is set free. The bi-carbonaie of soda be iiig almost insoluble in the solution of the rnuriati of ammonia, may be separated and obtained pure whilst the muriate of ammonia may be obtain ed by evaporating the solution and separating it fron undecomposed common salt, and free ammonia. If in place of separating the two substances, a quantitj of water is added, the bi-carbonate of soda dis. solves and the two salts re-decompose each other common salt and carbonate of ammonia being form- ed. In the same way, if solutions of carbonate oi bi-carbonate of soda be mixed with solution of mu- riate of ammonia, they mutually decompose each other, and form carbonate of ammonia and com- mon salt. It is perfectly true that very strong solutions of bi-carbonate of ammonia and common salt decom- pose each other, and that common carbonate of am- monia decomposes solution of salt, when carbonic acid is passed through it; but it is equally true that this only holds good when the solutions are concentrated ; if dilute, no such change takes place. When salt is employed as manure it is exposed to the action of a very dilute solution of carbonate of ammonia, for dew and rain-water contain a minute quantity of that salt ; under these circumstances it is not to be expected that the salt will be de- composed; and it is not reasonable to compare what takes place in strong solutions in close ves.i sels, with what takes place in the open air with abundance of water. We can only compare the action of rain-water on salt, to the action of very dilute solution of salt and carbonate of ammonia, and such solutions do not decompose each other. Although chemical facts are certainly against the decomposition of salt by carbonate of ammonia, or the fixation of ammonia by common salt, yet this in no way diminishes the value of the salt ap- plied as manure. It has been assumed that salt cannot act benefi- cially on vegetation except it be previously decom- posed, but there appears very little proof of the truth of this assertion. Even supposing it proved that salt must be decomposed, it is yet by no means impossible that this decomposition is effected after IVOl.. XSll. NO. l*. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 379 has been absorbed by the roots of plants ; on le contrary, it is very possible that such n change ay take place in tlieir orfrans, and more likely lan that it should be effected in the soil by the irbunate of aiiinionia, of dow and rain. Sail .ixed willi snot is often praised as an excel- ■nt manure, and mentioned as affordinj; an ox- :nple of the decomposition of the former by the arbonatn of ammonia contained in the latter ; lere is, however, no need to suppose any decoin- osition to hnve taken place to explain the benefi- ial rffecis of such a mixture. When plants are lanured with anmniaoal salts they grow with in- reascd vigor, the roots increase rapidly, a larger upply of morganic matter is required, and if this i withheld from the plants they do not flourish. Vhon inorganic manures are used, (ilants acquire icrcased power of absorbing ammonia, and when lamired with salts of ammonia they acquire in- reased' powers of absorbing inorganic matters ; eiice, the best manures are those in which both lasses of substances are applied at the same time, nd hence it would be reasonable to expect that alt and soot together would produce a more pow- •rful effect than either alone, except in soils rich n alkaline or ammoniacal salts. The mode in »hich manures act can only be ascertained by ob- erving the effects which they produce on living dants, but the changes which take place in the or- ;ans of plants cannot be compared with those vhich are the mere effects of ordinary chemical .ctiim. The process which can effect the decom- losition of carbonic acid and water in the organs if a plant, are equally able to cause the decom- lositiiin of common salt, and other inorganic com- jounds. — E. Solly. and cause luxuriant growth. Now if this be the case, why dues it not operate the same every where ? Why does it produce heavy crops in one field, while in another a little way distant, it has no effect whatever? The atmosphere with its ingre- dients embrace both fields alike, and if this theory is right, it should act alike in both. The best way for the farmer is, to first try it, and if it bene- fits his crops, use it more freely. But how much shall he use per acre? and how shall he apply it? On grass lands it should be sown broad cast when there is a dew or moisture upon the grass, and in n calm time. In regard to the quantity, experiments havo been tried, and from ly exemplified, than in the methods pursued in the culture ofihe corn crop. While all the wrilers for the agricultural press, with- out an exception, to our knoviledge, discountenance and decry the practices of hilling and topping corn, and most ofthem the custom of manuring in the hill — and not- withstandini; all thai has been said and written against these practices — still, nineteen-twentieths of our farmers, probably, adopt and follow these methods, in the belief, no doubt, thai they are the best, or from a deep-rooted disinclination to adopt new modes instead of the old and tried ones which were satisfactory to thetr fathers, and with which, therefore, (Aey are content. But it is not our intention at this time, to attempt an exposition of the impolicy of either of the above named practices in the management of the corn crop. If what has already been said on that subject by others, has failed to produce conviction, tee may well despair of adding any thing further that could produce it, since far abler and more experienced pens have labored, time and again, for the same end. What we intend to speak of at the present lime in con- nection with the tillage of the corn crop, is the stirring of the soil during the growth of the crop — an object whose utility has not as yet been dufv appreciated by our farmers, and whoee itnportance cnh' hardly be over- rated. In the report of tiie Supervisor of the Plymouth Co. Agricultural Society, (Hon. Morrfli Alien,) recently published in our pages, is Ihre remark, in reference to the tillage of corn : "The plow should never enter the field after the first hoeing." Tlie reasons on which this advice is based, are sound and tenable, so far as they refer to the ill-judged practice of running the plow in n)cry row, and thus injuring the roots, and as a conse- quence, the crop. But let a plow be used, wilU the coul- ter alone, in every other row, tuitning ns di^ep as practi- cable ; and let this be done in any stage of the growth of the corn, when it may be endangered by lack of moisture : — Will not more benefit accrue to the crop from this operation than injury by cutting the roots on one side ? One who has tried this course asserts that it will enable corn to stand unharmed any drought which is likely to occur, while land in corn not thus stirred, will be unable to sustain the crop. " Stir ihe ground eight inches deep, (says the same aullmrity,) and the corn will stand and grow during a three weeks' drought — stir it twelve or fourteen inches deep, with a coulter plow, and the crop will grow every' day during a six or Bi'ven weeks' drought." Thi< pl.ui we think worthy of trial. The practice of plowing in every row after the roots have begun lo spread, is objectionable indeed, and Mr Allen very jusily censures it in his report above men- tioned ■; but it would seem that the piactice above recom- mended, while it secures the crop a large share of the advantage of deep-stirring, is nut obnoxious to the ob- jection brought against the other, of severing or lacerat- ing the roots on both sides of the row. In an article on the tillage of crops in vol xx. No. 48 of this paper, by its former editor, Mr Putnam, are the following suggestions, which we deem worthy of repe- tition. We have adopted in our own practice this sea- son, with some crops, the plan recommended by Mr I'.l- iot in the cultui-e of carrots ; — " The ground should be often stirred — but how ? Shall wo run the plow, or cultivator, or harrow deep, and loosen the earth as far down as we can ? or shall we merely scratch the surface ? In years past we have maintained that it is important to spare the roots of the growing corn ; and have preferred using a light horse- harrow to any other implement; and our course has been successful. But it does not follow from this that we may not do belter. "When reading last year the Essays upon Husban- dry, by Rev. Jared Eliot, published in 1747, wo were much impressed by a statement thern made in regard lo the cfTecls of peculiar tillage upon the carrot crop. This was raised without manure. The rows were put wide apart, and soon after the plants came up, the earth was filowed away fiom them, the plow running very near the plants. After a few days, these furrows were turned back towards the plants. A few dajs subsequently to this, furrows were again turned from the plants, btit the plow did not run quite so near them as at ihe first time. Then after a few days the furrows were turned back — and this process of turning off and on, was repeated five or six times. But at each lime of turning off, the plow was kept a little farther from the plants than before. " The consequence of all this was, that he obtained carrots 8, 9, and 10 inches in circumference, where in the common way of cultivation, he could not have had them larger 'than a common dipped tallow candle.' And though his rows were six feet apart or more, he ob- tained 230 bushels per acre. " The minute fibrous roots of the carrot extend late- rally farther than we are apt to observe. And it is only a fair supposition that the better the state of the ground, or the more recently ihe ground lias been stirred before the roots exli'nd into it, the better the crop will grow. The course pursued by Mr Eliot was admirably fitted to furnish to the roots a fresh supply of soil from week 10 week, and this soil in a light and pulverized state. " The question which his practice and his success in this case have suggested, is this : Whether we might not benefit our corn, our potatoes, and all i;ther crops, by commencing early with plowing the earth away from one side of the row, letting the plow run very near the plants — say within two or ihree inches ; then we might turn this earth bank immediately, or h;t it remain two or three days, and then turn it back. After this was done, we might plow away from the other side ; at the proper time turn this back. When it became necessary to plow off again, keep the plow 4 or 5 inches from the plant. .'\nd thus repeal ihe process as long as was nereBsary — taking care all the time to keep the plow far enough from the plants not to harm many of the rools. " At the last time of going over the ground, it maybe well to use the light harrow and level the whole surface.' " A fact that bus some bearing upon this point, may be brought from the practice of some of the most suc- cessful Scotch cultivators of the potato, who after tho plnnls come up, take otfthe mould-board from the plow, and then running the couller as near lo ihe plants as they can, let the share pass directly under the seed and pl.Tnts. The effect is lo stir the ground so that the first roots will enter just as they begin to want food." MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. Saturday, May 25, 1844. The Society '.a rooms were highly decorated this da' with Flora's riches. The display of flowers was ver" brilliant. (•'loni the President of the Society, M. P VVilde rare collection of Pajonies aiboreas, includin» the fol lowing varieiies : Banksii, papaveraceii. Grand Due di Bade, Heldii pUnissima, stellnta atropurpurea, piirpurei plena, and papaveracea plena. Fuschias, var. Hybrid; coccinnea, and Monipennyii. _ From Messrs Hovey & Co., beautiful Roses, var Triumph of Luiemberg, Augustin Hersant, Mrs. Bosan quel, Madam Nerard, Marshall Villers, Caroline, Hy menee, Roi des Cramoises, Clara Sylvain, &c. Also,i fine Bouquets. From Samuel Walker, Bouquets. From Wm. Weller, fine Geraniums, Pansies, a fine seedling Polyanthus, and Bouquets. From Mrs. Sumner, fine Bouquets. From Messrs. Winship, a fine display of Hawthorn, four varieties ; two largo bunches of beautiful Azaleas of various sorts; also, some very beautiful Spireas and other cut flowers. S. trilobata was very much admired. From Wm. Kenrick, Paeonies arboreas, var. Moutan Banksii, &c.; Papaveracea; also. Herbaceous Pieonies Double flowering white Hawthorn, Scarlet do. ; Tarta. rean Honeysuckle, Corchorus Japonicus, Chinese Ber- berry, Purple Beech, Iris, Bouquets, &c. From Jno. A. Kenrick, Azaleas, several varieties- PfEony arhorea, 2 var ; Paiony herbaceous, 6 var. ; Gly- cine sinensis, Scotch Laburnum, Tartarean Honey, suckle, Arislolochia Sipho, Flesh-colored Horsechesnut, Hawthorn, 3 var ; Magnolias, 2 var., &c. From Joseph Breck & Co., Tree Paeonies, 6 var. of Herbaceous Peonies, Lychnes, flos cuculi, Hesperis, Tulips, Phh>x divaricata, and a variety of cut flowers, .■ilso specimens of a much admired variegated Moun- tain Ash, very beautiful. For the Comtnitice, J. BRECK, Chm'n. The committee on Hawthorns, Hardy Azaleas, Mag- nolias, and Shrubby Fajonies, have attended to the duty assigned them, and respectfully report that they have awarded the following premiums, viz. For the best display of Hawthorns, a premium of $2 to Jno. A. Kenrick, ot Newton. For the best display of Hardy Azaleas, a premium of I $.1, to Jno. A. Kenrick, of Newton. Tlie committee believing that ihe specimens exhibi- ted of Pasonies and Magnolias, were not of sufficient merit 10 receive the Society's premiums, have declined to make any award. S. Walker, J. Breck, Parker Barnks, Committee. EXHIBITION OF FROITS. Fine specimens of Black Hamburg Grapes, Miller's Burgundy and Sweetwater, from Wo.idland, Brookline, by James Nugent, gardener to Mrs Howard. The spe- oimens of the Hamburg were well colored and hio-hly flavored. " Mr J. F. Allen, of Salem, presented some very beau- tiful specimens of the Peach, viz : Royal George and Grosse Mignonne ; the specimens of the former appear- ed conscious of their merit, and fairly blushed at their own beauty. Mr Allen also presented some fine speci- mens of the " Black Fig of St. Michael," and Franconia Raspberry — ripe and in fine order. For the Committee, S. WALKER, Chm-n. ■KXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES. Fine Aspar.igus was exhibited by Mr John Cum- inings, jr., of Woburn. J. A. KENRICK. Simple Cure for H'orms. — One spoonful of syrup of peach-blossoms, taken in a glass of thu water distilled from the leaves, or in which the leaves and worm-seed have been decocted, is a most safe and certain medicine for the worms in children — U. S Receipt Book. OL.. XXII, KO. 49. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 383 TIIERMOMKTRICAL. R* E. iuuday, •ii 44 5S 54 E. URKiHI'O.N MAKKKT— Mosi.AT,iMay27, IH44. Keporteil for the N. E. Farmer. At Marliet 300 Beef Catlie, 05 pairs WorkiniJ Oxen, !00 Plieip, and 1500 Swine. 50 beef Cattle and J25 Jwine unsold riiicts — Bee/ CiUtle — Nearly all of ilie best Cattle vere sold on the hoof prcibahly at sornethinj; more than ur highesl quotations last week. U'e quote extra $5,02. 'irst quality ;j5,r2 a 5,37. Second quality $4 75 a 5,00. ?hird qualitv $4,00 a 4,50. Working Oxen —Sales $G5, $80, $85 and $87. S/iee/).— Sale of lots from 2,25 to $3,00. ^wme. — Selected lots of small Slioats to peddle 4 1-2 0 5 fc^r BOWS, and 5 1-2 a 6 for barrows. Old Hogs rom Ohio 4. At retail from 5 to 7. CUUVS/\J«TllE9It'llIS, VEKBKXAS, DOUUliK D.vm.i.vs, &.C. The suhscril.er« can furnish 25 varieties of the finest CUHYSASTHEMUMS. mosily new s.irts.at S3 per doz- en, or 50 cents per plant lor some extra flue new sorts. VEHBESAS. The many varieties of this showy fl'^wcr add much to the brilliancy ol the flower carden, as they continue in bloom from June io Novemher- They can be fur- nished at a low rate, embracing while, pink, purple, lilac, scarlet, crimson, and many intermediate shades and varia- tions, at S2 per dozen, when the selection is made by us,— or S3 per dozen for some of the choicest new sons. DOVULE DAHLIAS. We can furnish ibis gorgeous flower 1(1 any extent, ami of the most splendid varieties Irom 3 10 Sl2 per dozen. The time uf planting is fast approach- ing, and those who wish to ornament iheir grounds with ibis flower should send in their orders soon. The first of June is in season to plant them out. We can forward them safely in pots to any ))art of the country. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston. May 13, 1844. WHOLK-SALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected with great care, weekly. SEEDS. Herds Grass, $2 00 to 2 12 per bushel Red Top 8 to 70 cents. Clover — iVorthern, 9 to 10c. — Southern, 8 9 c. Flax Seed. SI 60 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Jaiiary Seed, S3 00 per bushnl. GR.\IN. There has been a steady demand for Corn dur- iig the week past, and prices have been pretty uniform. (j„rn — Northern, new, bushel 00 to 00— Southern, round ellow, obi, 52 a 53— Southern flat yellow, new, 50 a 51 — o. do. white 48 a ' 0 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Barley fl a 00 -Rye, Northern, 73 a 75 — do. Southern, 70 a 72 — )ats, Southern, 00 a 32— Northern do. 36 to 37— Beans, per ■nshel 1 00 a 1 62.— Shorts, per double bush. OOaOO- Bran, 10 a 00. I'LOUR.— Since our last report the market has been dull or all descriptions, and closes heavy at quoted rates. Baltimore, Howard Street. 4 mos. or. *4 94 a 5 00— do. vharf, S4 75 a 4 31— do. free of garlic, S4 87 a 0 00— Phila- lelpbia do. 4 mos. 84 73 a 4 87 — b"'redericksburg, low I'd 4 nos. 84 81 a 4 87 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, OOOaO 00. -Georgetown, S5 00 a 5 25— Richmond Canal, 84 87 a 5 00 —do. Ciiy,*ii00aO00— Petersburgh.South side S3 00 a 5 25 —do. Country S4 87 a 0 O'J — Genesee, common, cash, 84 81 a I 87— do fancy brands S5 12 a 5 18 — Ohio, via Canal, 10 00 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 50 a 4 87. Rye, »3 60 a 0 00— Indian Meal in hbls. 82 87 a 3 00. PROVISIONS. The heavy increased supplies of Pork, and tbe anxiety on the part of holders to realize, has led lo some further decline in prices, and several parcels have been forced on the market at exceeding low rates. Beef— Mess 4 iio. new bbl. SO 30 a 7 on— Navy— S5 75 a e 23.— No. 1, 85 50 a 3 75— do Prime $0 00 a OOU— Pork— Extra clear 4 mo. bbl. Soo 00 a 00 00— do Clear 310 00 a 10 50 do. Mess, S7 SO a 8 00— do Prime 86 25 a 7 00— do Mess from other States, — a do Prime do do 80 00 a 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do Soo 00 a 00 00 — Butler, shipping, 15 a 18— do store, uninspected, 10 a 12 — do dairy, 13 els. a 2li— Lard, No. I, Boston ins. 00 a 0 —do South and Western, 5} a 6 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 74 — Southern and Western, 6 a ej- Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 4 J — do new milk, 4i a Sj. WOOL. Uuty. The value whereof at the place of ex- pirtation shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 per cent, ai val. Allwhereol tbe value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per ct. ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. Manufaclurers continue to purchase to meet their present wants at recent prices. Sales have been made lo a fair, extent, and the slock in market is sensibly diminished; r(ul will soon be increased by supplies ol the Dew clip. Coarse foreign is in good request. Prime or Saxony Kleeces, washed, Ih. 43 a 48 c. — Amer- ican full blood, do 43 a 45— Do 3-4 do 37 a 40— Do. l-2do 33 a 35-^-1-4 and common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 25— Do. unwashed, 10 a 17 — Bengasi do 6 al3— Saxony , (lean, 00 — Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do. picked, 10 a 15— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37 a 40— No. 1 do. do. do. 32 a 35— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30— No. 3 do do do 13 a 20. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. Nothing doing this week. The slock in hands of grow- ers and dealers is too small to admit ol much trade being done, and it is difficult to quote with entire correctness. 1st sort Mass. 1843, lb. 6^ a 7 ; 2d do 4i a5. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed 810 lo 12. EGGS, 12. KARM FOR SAtK. One of the most pleasant sitnations in the middle of the town of Pepperell— ibe farm of the late Rev. James Howe, containing 44 acres of first rate land, well divid.'d into mow- ing, ullage, pasturing and wcyod land, well watered and fenceil, with a two story house and two barns, one 36 by 40 leet, with a cellar under the same, and all other convenient out buildings. There are a variety of fruit trees on the farm Terms easii. For further particulars inquire of SKTH NA- SON, on the premises, or to JOSEPH BRECK & CO., 51 and 62 North Market Street, Boston. April 20. POTTA^VATTAMIE BEAN. The subscribers are happy lo inform their customers and friends that they have received a new and superb variety ol early BUSH BEAN, of cxcellenl flavor, and very prolific. It surpasses in beauty any variety now cultivated among us. The name of " Pollawatiamie" has been given to it on ac- count of us having been received from that tribe of Indians in Iowa, by whom it is cultivated. Price 37^ cents per quart. Boston, April 17, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. SPLENDID FLOWER SEEDS. The subscribers have received the following choice Flow- er Seeds which they oSer at 6 1-4 ceiils per package, except those marked otherwise. Extra fine German Asters, 8 varieties. Fine double Balsams (sorts.) Extra fine do 12j cents. Cosmos bipinnatus 12 " Campanula pulcherrima 12^ cents. pyramidalis alba 12^ cents. . do azurea 12^cents. Chinese Primrose 12t cents. Cleome Grandiflora 12J cents. Didiscus cerulea 12^ cents. Erysimum Perofi'skiana. Geraniums, from superb flowers 334«ents, Lupinus pollyphyllus 124 cents. ■ var alba 124 cents rivulans 124 cents. Crookshankii 124 cents. splendens 124 cents. ■ — odoratus 124 cents. Lophospermum Siandem 124 cents. Mimulus Hudsnnia 124 cents. cardinalis splendens 124 cents. Madagascar periwinkle 124 cents. Penlstemon Millerii 1''4 cents. hybridus 124 " . - gentianoides 124 cents. . splendens 124 *' Salpi.;lossis, fine sorts 124 " Schizanthus Hookerii 124 " oblusifolia. new white. J humilns. pinnata. PortulacciGilesii, 25 cents. Phlox Drummoiidi 124 " Verbena, fine scarlet, and from other choice sorts 124 cts. . aubletia. urticifolia— With many other rare sorts. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston, April 19, 1844. PINE BONE MANTRE. The subscribers have on hand, Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bono Manure, mixed with the marrow ol the lone. I It was produced from a manufactory when the bone was saw- 1 ed in a wet state. It musl be a very valuable article. Also, Filty Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi. pally saw dust, and tbe refuse of a manufactory. I March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. JOSEPH BRECK & CO, NEW E.\GL.4ND ^gricuttural IVarehouse AND SF.ED STORE. 51 an. I 62 North Market Street, Boston" JOSEPH BRECK & CO. having received a lull and gen- eral assorlnienl of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEED^>. worlliy of cultivation, confidently recommend Ihem as being pure and of tbe first qualities, unmixed wilk oilier varieties; ihey have no hesilalion in saying that their collection of .Seeds is the best, and of the greatest variety ever ofiered for sale at any establishment in the U. States. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDB:N IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz : — luoo Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs. 2''0 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Siraw Cutters. 30 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, KiO Willis' Patent Coru Shellers, 60 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 60 do. Vege- table Cutters, 50 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills. 200 Gram Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz. Scythe Slonee, 3000 do. Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 15'] do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Patent Snuilhs, 200 do. Common do., 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 20o do. Manure Forks, 3 0 do. Hay do. 300 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do, Truck do. 100 do. Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do, 50 doz. Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 ) n. S and 52. North Market Street, Boston. AVARREN'S GARDEN AND NURSERY, NONANTCM VALE, BRIGHTON, FLORAL SALOON AND SEED STORE, No. 1 TREMONT TEMPLE, (late Tremont Theatre) BOSTON. The proprietor of this establishment is now ready to receive arid execute orders for Fruit ; Ornamental Trees; Grape Vines; Shrubbery; Roses; Straw- berry Plants. &c. in any quantity and of the most valuable kinds at short notice, properly packed and secured for transportation to any part of the United Stales or Pro- vinces. The catalogue for 1344 which has been prepared with scrupulous care, contain a list of the choicest sorts of Pearsj Apples ; Plums ; Cherries ; Peaches ; Apricots and Necta- rines J Grape Vines j Raspberries ; Gooseberries ; Straw- berries ; Currants ; Evergreen Trees and Shrubs ; Orna- mental Trees; Herbaceous Plants; Roses; Green House Plants ; Dahlias, &c. A new feature has been added in the catalogue which renders it particular valuable for purchasers who are desi- rous of improvin{> their orchards and grounds by planting only the most approved, superior and productive varieties. It is by columns and abbreviations, the meaning of which is explained under every different kind of fruit, so that a large number of the most important characters by which tbe dif- ferent varieties are distinguished may be seen at a glance. While the list of fruits may not he found so extensive as in some other catalogues, it contains every kind of value, and all new and improved varieties are added as soon as ilieir qualities are tested. Nevertheless any variety that may be ordered can always be supplied, on as reasonable terms as are afforded any other nurseries. The list of DAfll/M.S comprises upwards of 3' 0 of the choicest varielies of this gorgeous and splendid flower, most of thein prize varieties. Dry roots ready for delivery early in the spring, and iu pots from the middle of April to the Ut June. SriiAWBEIiRIES of llie most productive and best varieties, for sale in any quantity. None but healthy and strong plants will be suffered 10 leave the nursery. GRArTS and SCIOyS of most of the kinds named in the Catalogue can be obtained in their season. GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, of all the rare and splen- did kinds, always on hand at the Saloon, where visitors are respectfully inviled TO' call. GRAPE VL\ES; ASPARAGUS, and other roots constantly fur sale. Also, a great variety of choice GARDEN and FLOW- ER SEEPS, a\l o( this year's growth, and warranted Iresh, genuine and true to their names. Agricultural, Horiicullural and Botanical Books. Gardening Implements; Flower Vases, &c. &c. The whole euumeraled in a new descriplive Catalogue, which will be given gratis on application. All orders for trees will be delivered at one day's notice. Every tree and plant will be warranted by the subscriber, as to its distinctive character and goodness. Boq'iels and cut flowers, can be obtained any day in the week at ihe saloon. Flowers furnished for decorations, at short notice. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN. April 3. 384 NEW ENGLAND E A R M E R . MAY 89, 1844. MISCELLANEOUS How Scholars are Made. — Cosily Apparatus and spleridul cabincls, have no magical power to nial;. Cor. — Was any attempt made to resuscitate him ' Wit.— Yds. Cor. — How .' Wit. — We searched his pockets. (■or. — I mean did you try to bring him to ? flit- — Ves — to the public house. Cor. — I mean to recover him.' Wit. — No. We warn't told to. Cor. — l)id you ever suspect the deceased of mental alienation? Wit. — Yes; the wliolo village suspected him. Cor.— Why ? Wit- — 'i'hat he alienated one of Squire Water's T)ig8. (Applause.) The Use of Marrying. — Galignani's Messen- ger relates the following amusing aneccote : A jolly young fellow, named Roubille, made his appearance at the bar of the Correctional Tribunal, (Paris) with such a stereotyped smile on his lips, expressive of self-contentment and good nature, that every one present was astonished when it was found that he was charged with beating his wife. 'J'he following colloquy ensued between the Presi- dent and the prisoner : " You are accused of beating and kicking your wife." "Aye, aye — it's a habit I've got." "You would do well to get rid of it." " Of my wife? I should like nothing belter." " No, no, not that — you know perfectly well what I mean. Have you any reason to complain of your wife ?" " I do n't know that I have. But you must see, when I am in a rage it must fall upon something, and as my wife is always at home, why she catches it." " You show a most deplorable want of feeling." '•If it did not fall on her, I should be breaking the furniture ; but there 's no such risk, you know, in striking my wife." Here the President exclaimed — "Hold your tongue man ! you only aggravate your offence." The Tribunal sentenced him to two months im- prisonment, on hearing which, his everlasting smile left him and he remarked, " Well I certainly did not expect that. Two months for slapping one's wife! What's the use of marrying!" WILLIS' LATEST IMPROVED SEED SOWEI In usin;; this machine, the farmer may be cutaiii thi Ins seed is put into the ground, and at the same lim in the best possible manner. There h,is been a grei difficulty in machines liir sowing garden seeds; the are very apt to clog up, and the farmer niiglit gu over a acre of hind and not sow a single seed ; but not so wit this; it is so conslrucled that it cannot possibly cloj In using this sower, the farmer ran save one half i his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter th expense of the common way of sowino-, and hare ilone in a much better manner; it ope'ns the fiinovj drops the seed covers it over and rolls them down It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Bag! Mangel Wunzel, Turnips, Carrots, Beets, P.irsnips, On ions, ^-c. For sale at the New England Agricniluri Warehouse ami Seed Store, Nos. .51 and 52 North Mai ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO Poor, Dear Lady .' — The London correspondent of the New York Journal of Commerce writes — " It is said that a proposition will be submitted for augmenting the income of the Queen, on the score of her increasing family, and that her Majes- ty having become pecuniarily involved, will seek from her faithful parliament a relief from all her difKculties. Her present debts are stated to be £100.000 sterling: the support of herself, husband and court costs John Bull £470,000 a year — or about 2,l'iO,000 dollars! It certainly must be very difficult to keep within such an income." [What a curse is royalty !] respect t nimiliee at the late tria KITRATK OF SODA FOR AORICUI.TURAI. PURPOSES, BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the aliove named article, which lias been much approved of iu Eii^laiul, and as far as used iii this counlry has been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, tS44. 3m GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLKRS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moveu wilh a foot treader, are lound lobe a great improve- ment on the old mode ofhanginy grindstones. Stones hung in Ibis manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal salisfaclion. The rollers can he attach- ed to stones bung in the common way. For sale fiy J BRKCK &• Co., No. 51 North Market street. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH, Great improvements have been made the past year in th form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mouhl h, ar has heen so formed as to lay Ike .furmt -.omplctebi ora l.„ r'J '" 'fr'-'J'"!'"'' "fS-rass or stnhhie, and, earing Ih " m1 "'J''t *?' P'"'''''' morincr. The lengih of th mould hoard has been very much increased, sS that th I lough works wilh Ihe grealest ease, both with the holding and the team. The Co of Ploughs at Worcester, say " Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Ploughs we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say t, he inquirer, if your land is mosilv light and easy to work try 1 routy & Mears, hut if your land is hcamj, hard orrockv BEGIN WITH Mk. HowABD'.?.'' At Ihe above mer.f.oned trial the Howard Plough die more icork with the same p«iner of team, than any olhm Vlougk exhibUcd. ^o other turned more than twentysevef: and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while lh<' Howard Plough turned twcvtynine and one half inches, u\ Ihe same poirer of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's! Ploughs are much the strongest and most substamialh made. -"I Th. or la having to furnish a new iandside; this shoe likewise secures^ the mould board and Iandside together, and strengthens tliel Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to $15. A Plough I sutlicient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost about SIO 50, and with cutler Si, with wheel and cutter, $2 fiO extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, a« ihe New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Sti.rsi Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO. 'here has lieen quite an improvement made on the shoe.l and side of this Plough, which can be renewed without! NEW ENGLAND FARMER A W'F.tKLT PAPKR. Terms, $2 per year in orfronce, or f 2 50 if not paid within sixty days. N. B.— Postmasters are permitted by law to frank all subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, without expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT. PRINTERS. 21 School Sltree. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUIUJSHED BV JOSKPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NOLITU MARKET STREET, (Aobicoltubai Warehouse.) ui..z\ii.i BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 5, 1844. CJVO. 4*. N. E. F ARAfI E R. WOOL WASHING. As the time ol" slicaring sheep \a at hand, and 3 wool will be more in demand this season than it as been for several years, it behooves the wool- rower to see that it is in the best possible condi- on for the market. This is his duty at all times, ' he desiijns his clip for market ; but if he is to ork it np nt home, it is not so necessary to be so articular with it, as if he were to send it abroad, ccause those who operate upon it, in tlie doines- c line, can cleanse it thoroughly in their own uy and manner. As they do not purchase it by le pound, they run no risk of being cheated by le extra quuntum of dirt which may adhere to it. 'n the contrary, there are two reasons why he ho designs to sell the whole to the manufacturer, lould be careful to have his fleeces thoroughly eansed. First, because it is the indispensable uly of every man lo be honest ; and second, be- muse the reputation of the wool growing district 1 which he belongs depends upon the good condi- on of the wool which is sent out from it. The reputation of the wool of Maine has suf- •red by the inattention of too many of our wool- rowers to cleansing their wool. The manufac- irer soon learns the quality of the wool, and gov- rns hiiiiself accordingly. He makes all due al- iwanco in the price on account of the waste, and bile the seller may suppose that he is making real gain by splling the dirt in his wool, at a irge price per pound, the fact is that he does not, 1 reality, get so much for his fleece as he would, ad It been sufHciciitly washed. The washing of sheep, as at present practiced, I n laborious and uncomfortable job. The opt ra- )r generally stands in the water, and washes the neep by immersing it in the wator with himself; nt those of the flock which come last, are exceed- igly apt to be slighted, for the person becomes eary and cold, and hurries over them without do- ig his whcile duty. In many cases, the sheep re turned out, after beinj washed, into pastures here they can have access to sandy spots, and ley will be sure to lie down on them, and thus le wool becomes hlled again with dirt, and is almfi', — at this stage of their growth they ought to be immediately taken up, and spread on the surface of the ground, fully exposed to the influence of the atmosphere ; by which means, in a short time the tubers will be tanned green. This early digging prevents the cellular tissue of the tubers from bo- coming gorged with solid matter, by cutting off the power of absorption from the roots ; whilst, by the subsequent exposure of the tubers to the atmos- phere, the juices combine with a larger proportion of oxygen, which, in the light, enters into combina- tion with the coloring matter of these roots, n(jt only changing their color from white to green, but also giving to them an increased vitality, as is seen in germinntion when oxygen enters into combina- tion with the juices, and carbonic acid is parted with ; by which moans the starch in the tubers, in- atead of becoming fixed, is retained in the transi- tion state ; so that when those conditions calcula- ted to excite vegetation are present, the organiza- ble matter in the tuber immediately excites the buds or eyes to vigorous growth. Similar results, to a certain extent, may be ob- tained by very late planting; so that when the proce-is of vegetation is stopped by the autumnal frosts, the maturation of the secretions of the plant may be somewhat in the transition stale ; that is, they may not have acquired the solidity I have al- luded to. There are, I have observed, some soils calculated to produce the same cBects. Peaty soils, and reclaimed bog, and morasses, aro found to produce an imperfect vegetation, as is observa- ble in the cereal or grain plants, which, when grown on these soils, are greatly deficient in that which constitutes its value as food, namely, starch. In like manner, tlie potato, when grown upon these soils, is always found soft and spungy, and little fitted for table ; while they are found eminently fitted for planting, and that for the reasons already stated. The manner of keeping the tubers over the win- ter, must have due attention. It is of the utmost importance that the chance of becoming in the least degree heated, be avoided ; and this is easily accomplished by storing them in pits never more than lliree feet wide, and ten inches to one foot deep. They will have little chance of acquiring heat in a pit of these dimensions, but the narrower the better, and not too thickly cnvercd with earth ; the less of this the better, if sufficient to prevent frost from reaching them. When taken out to be used for planting, and cut, the sets should never be allowed to lie in a heap, as is frequently done, but ought to be spread thinly in an airy place for a few days previous to planting, that ttie cut p.irts may be drid up a little, or healed, as it is termed. Muih has of late been said concerning raising that all our esteemed varieties are obtained ; but i over a given part, the more that part increases ii: when once obtained, unless they are preserved in j diameter. The secretions for fruit are iikcwisi vigor by the means I have above pointed out, they will in a few years become so enfeebled, that they will appear in the same condition as the finer vari- eties now in cultivation, all of which may be effec- tually restored by proper treatment. — Mr Dtnns, in the Kelso (Eng.) ClirnnicU. From the Magazine of Horlicullure. PRUNING FRUIT TREES. Hints on the Si/stem of Pruninir Fruit Trees, as Practiced in the London Horticultural Socieli/^s Garden. As the raising and cultivation of fruit trees forms one of the principal objects of pursuit by a great mass of people in this enlightened country, I should be pleased to offer a few hints (jfyou should think them worth publishing,) on a proper system of pruning, and a few first principles in connection with it, which may prove useful to some of your readers who are not thoroughly acquainted with that important operation, — important, because on the performance of it, in a great measure, depends the health, vigor, and production of fruit. To have a true knowledge of it, it is necessary that the operator should be in some measure, acquaint- ed with the laws that govern vegetation and know the functions the different parts have to perform; for, unless he does, how can he be sure of the con- sequences that are to follow ; and it is no ways improbable that that which was intended for a ser- vice, may turn out an evil ; hence it is obviously necessary that the operator should be acquainted with vegetable physiology in order to ensure suc- cess ; quite as necessary as it is for the surgeon to know the functions of the human system, in order to perforin a successful amputation. I shall now endeavor, and at the same time hope to satisfy your readers, by pointing out the princi- ple thina that is nfcessary to be known, namely, the functions of the haves. It is essential also to know that every part of a plant, from the minutest fibre to the ponderous stem, has its own useful of- fice to perform ; but as the development of all those parts entirely depends on the leaves, it is on that account I consider them the principal organs of the vegetable fabric. The roots absorb moisture (containing the food of plants,) by their extremities, and it is transmitted from them through the stem by means of channels, lormed by nature for that purpose, to the leaves, where it undergoes a chemical process. The fluid on entering, contains many different substances, owing to the particles of matter it meets with in its progress through the vessels of the alburnum : this fluid does not become the proper food until it is duly exposed to the sun's rays, which act on the cuticle of the leaves, when what fluid that is su- perfluous passes off by evaporation, and that which is left becomes elaborated and prepared as the proper food, passing into the system, and depositing a new layer of wood to the outside of exogenous, and to the inside of endogenous structures, pass- ing on to the roots, always leaving something after it that adds to the diameter of each part it passes through, and finally elongates the tips of the roots or forms new ones. The matter that does all this is prepared by the leaves, by which alone the great prepared by the leaves, and dep. XMi. xn. 43 AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 389 B rest, which many deem more beautiful to I he e thun n level, and when seen whitenod with eir blossoms in the sprinw, or blushlnj: deeply th their fruit in Butumn, they are exceedingly (ea.-inj to the eye. In general tliey arc (cirnicd 'the white tliuru, and sonieKint^s of the holly, and i>t unfrcqiienily of these two plants intermingled. jt I must cnntess, Myself somewhat disappointed k^i^t",',; „,, ^..^e dunn- the Buminer thecondiiion of the hcd|rps throui,'hout Kn^'land. f course there are many excepiiniis, and perhaps e cases to which I refer, should be considered as ceptlons to the general fact ; but in Irequenl in- inces, the hedires are frreaily neglected. There e many vacancies in them ; they are not well mined ; they are intermingled with various eed'' and rubbish; and, instead of being confined a width of four or six feet, they are often seen ith their pernicious acco upanimi'nts occupying 010 than a rod in width. I inquired why this as permitted ; and why, when the rest of the ce was so clear and bright, such dirt spoH were lowed to remain; the answer was, " that they ,„||,^ „, t|,e churn, and stirred about till it reoches ere left for the protection of the game, and that , ^ jg,„p^^^,„,p „,• 55 ^„ (-,0 degrees." Water power ey inadeexcrllenl covers for partridges and fox- ^^ f^^^^^ for churning to any other, as it is more 1." When so much care and expense are in- I ^^^,^_. ., ^^^^^ ^^j_^^ churned, the butler is irrcd in the protection of this kind of game, it '^ | |,^;^^__^^ , , ^^^^^j wit),' cold water; if this be not be hoped .hat it may suggest always the higher | ^^^^^ .^ .^ ^^g.^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ buttermilk clean out ity of taking care of the Auma« game, the hungry 1^^ .^ ^s soon as cool and solid, the butter is ,d ragged children, who, in some parts of Eng- ^ ^^^,^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^,^ ^^ ^_^,^^^,, ^^^^^^ j^f,,^^ p^^p^^ly nd are as numerous, and growing up as wild, and ^^,^^^ ^.^^ ^,^^_^ ^.^^ ^^1^^ ^^^ ^^.^,1^^^ ^^^^ ,,,^^. BUTTER-MAKING. [We take the subjoined from Mr Ellsworth's valuable report :] The Goshen butter, in the State of New York, is celebrated all over ths country, and the following account is given of one of the most celebrated dai- ries there: — "The cows arc regularly salted and In the winter, each cow is kept in a stall, with a separate door to it, in a building two sides of a square round a large yard ; the upper story of the building is appropriated for fodder and hay. The cows are brought up to the yord, night and morning, and regularly niilkeo. The milk is set away on a cel- lar bottom ; here it stands till loppered and soured, as it is said to make more butter in this state than any other, and of a belter quality. in this state it is poured, cream and all, into churns which hold a barrel each. If the weather be cool, and the milk not sufficiently warm to come readily, a can is filled with hot water, and this is placed in the any of them as little taught, as the rabbits in a arren. The enclosures in England are of various ex- ml, from ten to twenty, and fifty acres. There •e some farms with scarcely a subdivision, and in lese cases the stock are soiled, fn parts of Eng- ind, however, they resemble the divisions of New Ingland farms, and are of various sizes, but gen- rally small and of all shapes, and often not ex- ceding t'our or five acres. It is reported of a far- ler in Devonshire, that he lately cultivated one undred acres of wheat in fifty different fields, 'here mu.st have been here a great waste of land nd labor. One of the most competent judiresof gricultnral improvement in England says, howev- r, that ' his tenants never wish to have more than me plowed field on a farm.' The loss in land by 00 many fences, the loss of time in cultivating in imall fields instead of large, on account of the ne- cessity of more frequent turnings, and plowing the lead-lands by themselves, and the actual cost of naking and of maintaining the fences, not to add hat these fences are larbor for vermin, are serious considerations."- Caiman's European JlgricuUure. ouglily with a wooden ladle — the hand never be- ing allowed to touch the butter, as, from its heat, it softens it." After being thorou^'hly worked, the butter is packed in firkins of seasoned white oak. The firkin, previous to packing, is well washed with cold water, and then rubbed all round with salt, to prevent the butter from adhering to us sides. It is put down in layers as churned, 3 or 4 inches deep. When the firkin is filled, a linen cloth is placed over the top of the butter; on this, half an inch of salt ; to which is added a little wa- ter, to form a brine. The cellar is considered very important ; it should be seven feet deep ; 18 inches of which, at the top, should be allowed for ventilation ; the windows to be covered with very fine wire gauze, to let in the air and keep out the insects ; the walls to be of stone and pointed ; the floor of slabs. The best temperature at which butter may be procured from cream, as appears by the experi- ments of Dr. Barclay and Mr Allen, is in commenc- shelter for weeds, and a '"g churning from fifty to- fiftylive degrees, and at no time ought it to exceed sixtyfive degrees; while, if it falls below fifty degrees, it will be more difficult and laborious to obtain the butter. It was found by Mr Ballantyno that the greatest quantity of butter is obtained at sixty, and the best quality at fiftyfivc degrees in the churn, just be- fore it came. In the making of the beat butter, rich pastures are considered very desirable. A sufficient diver- sity of grasses mixed tou-ether, is useful ; but there are some weeds which do great injury li" the milk. The species of ranunculus known by the name of generally avoid it, but they sometimes do not. Those which are confined to limited pastures, are more exposed to it; while those which have a wi- der range, and can make their choice of plants, Bulfer less. Greater care should be taken to eradi- cate it from the fields ; and by the use of lime among the materials of compost, and frequent turn- ing over the seeds, which are sometimes thus car- ried forth into the fields with the manure, it should be destroyed. Plowing up the land also may be necessary ; but at all events, the buttercup, if pos- sible, should be rooted out. Much depends on the proper beating or working of butter, by which it may be deprived of its but- termilk. Rubbing with the ladle is not sufficient. In an English publication of high authority, it is said that " the great point in making good butter, and that will keep, is the freeing it from butter- milk ; and, if everything else is well done, and this point overlooked, good butter is impossible for any length of time. The mixture of milk in any de- gree with the butter, is sure to produce an unplea- sant taste in the butter; and the entire freedom from this, constitutes the grand secret of making (!ood butler. 'I'liere are many who think washing biittiT with water incompatible with retaining the rich flavor ; but if the water is cold and pure, it is scarcely possible anything should he washed away except ihe bnllermilk, which destroys the flavor of all butler. Besides, the best butler in the world, and that which in all markets commands the best price, (viz: Dutch butter,) is invariably made in this way. Perfectly free from buttermilk, butter may be kept with almost as much ease as tallow. Lime and Salt.— I tried this mixture on two acres of old grass land, having mixed them in the proportions recommended by Mr Ciithbert Johnson. A heap was made, and the lime and salt were laid in alternate beds, then mixed up together, and well covered over with soil and sods. Afler three months this was applied to the meadow in ques- tion ; it was in a stale resembling mortar, and was with difficulty spread ; afler it became dry, it was beat to pieces, and spread and bush-harrowed. In many parts of the field, the grass appeared as if ic was scorched. It did not grow luxuriantly, and the crop was the worst I ever had — in some parts not worth cutting. — Correspondent Gard. Cliron. Love of Flowers. — A love of flowers is one of ;lie earliest of our tastes, and certainly one of the most innocent.. The cultivation of flowers, while It forms an elegant amusement, is a most healthy md invigorating pursuit. Unlike hunting, fishing, ■shooting, or similar rural amusements, it inflicts no 3iifreriii2 on any of the animal creation, and merely aids nature in her efforts to make the world beau- tiful to the eve, as the fruits are pleasant to the ..„ , taste The flower garden, while it agreeably oc- the buUerc.p, is said t- have eff-ecled great mjury cupics the time, does not impose a heavy tax upon 1 1" the butter in parts of Ensland ■■ - " »r» v,.ru f„>„ flnwpr.q but what 1 '""S also prevailed among cattle 1 ;, , -• It is said to 'J'he An epidemic the pnrket and there are very few flowers but what i '"-s also prevailed among cattle in England, which may bo euit.valed to as gre^it perfection in the gar- ! ''»« I'sen traced to the same cause den of the peasant as of the peer. It is n taste, i be now spreading through this country too which IS well adapted to the female character, ; plant is described as being of an acrid, poisonous and afl-ords much rational amusement to the re- j nature, and, by various experiments, it has been cluse. — Manual of Gardening. proved to bo very fatal to animals ; cattle will ^nn/>/si»o/-Sot7«— The following is a method of annlysing soils for ordinary agricultural purpo- ses : Weigh a convenient quantity of the earth to be analysed, say 1000 grains, dried in the open nir; dry the same before a fire on paper, so as not to scorch the paper; re-weigh, and the diflference will be the organic matter. Pour a convenient quantity of muriatic acid on the remainder ; stir, and when Bctlled, pour it ofl", and add oxalate of ammonia: the precipitate will be the lime. Mix the remiiinder with water, and stir it well ; when a litllc settled, pour ofl' the turbid mixture, and the suspended conicnts are orgillaceous, and the de- posit siliceous. — Correspondent Gard. Chron. Cucumber and Melon Bu^S.—The ravages of Ihe yellow striped bug that attacks cucumber and melon vines, may be eff'ectually prevented by sift- ing charcoal dust over the plants. There is some- thing in this very offensive to the bug. — .Imerican Far. 390 NEW ENGLAND FARMER Jl'NES, 1814. A-M> HOR riCULTCRAL RKGISTEU. Edited by Joseph Breck. Boston, VVednesdav, June 5, 1844. GUANO. We insert below an article on this precious manurf, Cfbiigingly farnislicii us by our friend Mr Tesclieinaclier, in answer lo ihe inquiries of '* A Constant Reader." Perhaps some of our readers may think that too much hae already been said upnn the subject, — that guano can never be used to advantan^e and profit in this coun- try, (f there be any of this description, we would say, do not condemn it before ii has been fairly tried, or be- fore It can be brought in sucli quantities as to bring down the price lo lis fair value. Thu3 far, it has benn brought to us in sparing quaniiiies, and Uoriiculiurists have been ao eager for it, that the imporiers have obtained their own price. Mr Teschemacher wa-i one of the first in this country to experiment with guano, and so saiisfied IS he of its value, that he has exerted himself to tlie ut- most to induce ship owners to turn their attention to the importaiitin of it. To Mr T.'s influence we are indebt- ed i'iiT the s'ljall lots which were brought this spring, and which are now in the hands of some of our most practical and scientific agriculturists in the country, who will no dcubt give us a irut; account of tlieir exper- iments. Mr Teschemacher U not the only gentleman in this neighborht)od who has given guano a fair trial, or who appreciates its worth. In a conversation with one of our most eminent horticuhnrisls a few days since, who has used ii from the first of its importation in tliis coun- try, he said it was beneficial lo every plant lo which he had applied it ; that it was astonishing to see its power- ful results ; that it would bring about a revolution in horticulture. Many plants that have hardly been made to show flowers heretofore, are now, by guano, , brought freely into bloom, and its effect in producing j seed, where none was perfected before, ^hows cnnclu- ' clusively ihat its fructifying influence is very great, and will be of immense value in maturing and perfecting the cereal grains, as well as the fruits and flowers more immediately in the horticultural department. Its introtluction into Scotland has depreciated the val- ue of iho siri'et manure in the city of Edinburg to the amount of £1700 per annam, so that it has caused a se- rious deficiency in the revenue, and embarrassment in the department to which ihc sweepings of lire rily are appropriated. It will, no doubt, if freely introdriced, and the duty of 20 per cent, to which it is now subject- ed, be repealed, bring down ihe high price of manure in our city and vicinity, which, as all engaged in ao-ri- cnliure know, is enormously high. What effect it may have in the Interior, with slovenly husbandry, or with good husbandry, we cannot foretell. We may safely «ay, however, to the former class, ihey will not be much benefited either by tfiia or any other manure. They must toil on, and continue to be eati^fiod with meagre crops, hard labor, and hard fare, and merely vegetate — wliile Ihe more intelligent farmers are pursuinf; their interestirig inveHiigalinns in ngrieultur.il science, pryin" into the secret opcrnlioni of nature, and brintring un- der their control l!ie difficulties wliich heset their path ; and ihoiigh a full purse i.i not always their reward, their inqiiiripR and researches mingle many pleasures with their toils, their minds are enriched, their occupation )iderablo variation in the quality nf alru'^st every parcel. The analyses of Professor Johnson, of Edinburg, some of which a"Tee pretly closely with ihe one I sent you lately, .•^till differ considerably — in one instance shewing as much as 33 per rent, of common sea salt, which u^^ually only exists in quantities of about 3 to 5 per cent. : this parcel whs, therefore, evidently taken from that part of a Guano island much exposed to the spray of the sea. A greater variation exists in the quantity of moisture, and this is an object of mirch importance, for, in analvzinji 1000 parts, of these are 300 parts of moisture, or 30 per cent It is clear, then, there are only 700 parls of Guano sub- mitted to analysis; whereas, in parcels whicli contain only 10 per cent, of moisture, there are 000 parts of Guano submitted. This, of course, alters the amount of all the other products, and therefore the value of the Guano to the farmer. From the Guano taken from the surface of the depos- its, ii is probnble that a large proportion of the ammonia has evaporated : that would seem better, therefore, whii.'h has been taken below ihe surftce. Much judgment will he required in deciding on the exact value of the Guano whir h will be imported here, but it is so rich in its fertilizing powers, that I do not be- lieve that any small difference will be of much conse- quence to the farmer. My continued reseaiches con- firm my previous opinion of the African being at least equal to the Peruvian. The great difficulty they have had to contend with in I Englanil, is the adulteration ; and the only remedy for this is to purcha-^e from men wfiosn character stands above all srispieinn nn the subject. I have been very anxiiius to persuade our ship owners to send vessels to Africa for ihis manure, that niir farmers m'glil not re- main as nuiny as twenty or thirty years behind the rest of the world, rn that puisuit whirh is the occupation of their lives. In several instanres, i am happy to say I have succeeded, and when I have had the opportunity, I have iriven a few short instrncMons to the captains, to guide them in their choice of '^di^cins," so (hat I tru**! we shall have several good cargoes here for next season. 1 have tliought this general reply to " A (Constant Reader," pref-rable to a di»Jiinct reply tn each que-tion. Yours, truly. J. E. TESCHEMACHER. Boston^ May Q-Qth, 1844. To the Editor of the JV, E. Fanner : Dear Sir — I send you the following reply lo the questions of your correspondent. Dr. Holt, of East Had- dant. Conn. Humate of potash is made by nrixing a very strong solution of caustic potash with sawdust, and melting lire wh()le in un iron pot It is a dark red brown mass, very soluble in water. Peal nr swamp muck, or any other vegetable mailer, will answer in ihe pliice of saw- dust. Apocrenate of ammonia rs made by diiresting at a boiling heal, peal or swamp muck with carbonate of am mom a, and straining off the liquor, which is of a deep coffee hnrwn color. This may be evaporated to dry- ness-, ftr to the titate cif a thick extract, before it is mixed with (he guano salts A saturated nmmoniacal solution of peat or swamp muck, may be made by mixmg carbonate of nmnmnia will) it and then leaclung it in the same way lliat pot- ash lye is oblamed from ashes, pourino- hot wnter thrfiush il and collecting the filtered solution, which cou'sists mostly of ihe apocrenate r)f ;imnionia, with a little of if crenale arrd humate of amrnoni;i and extract of humu This liquid iii one of li.e most powerful of liquid ni; nures. Tire remaining peat is still charged with amm nia, and miy be used for manure, mixing it with tl other ingredients of the compost iieap. To Consolidate Urine and Retain the Ammonia. The following is an excellent method of collectin tlie salts and gaseous matters of urine, which 1 hav tried myself, and recommended to many of my agricu lural friends residmg near large towns or cities; — Talie 20 measures of dry peal and one of ground gy[ j-um, and mix them well together. Place barrels ha full of tliis mixture in places where urine may be co iected, and il will be found that the sails and ammoni of many barrels of urine will be consolidated in th mixture, without giving the slighlest odor, or being any way offensive, for the salts are taken up, and th carbonate of ammonia, formed by decomposing urea, immediately absorbed. This method of getlmg rid nf a nuisance and of cor solidatinj; a valuable liquid manure, full of the moil useful salts, ought to receive attention A mixture ( peal or swamp murk and gypsum, will also t-erve to al sorb all the disagreeable gases of vaults, wliich will b converted into fertili/mg compounds with tlie sulphuri acid of the gypsum and the organic vegetable acids c the peat. Yours, respectfully, C. T. JACKSON. BosiOHy June ]st, 18A'\. MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV. EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS. Saturday, June 1, 1844. From Samuel Walker, three superb Bouquets. From J. L L F. Warien. Dahlias— Ihe fiisl of th season — var. Dodd's Mary, Crichton, and Lord Liver pool. From John A. Kenrick, several varieties of Azaleas pEBonius, double Hawthorns, Honeysuckles, Scotch La burnum, Ciiiiinanihus virginica, or Fringe tree, flemero callis, &c. Fro(n Joseph Breck & Co , 5 varieties Pseonies, 5 var Iris ; Bouquets and Pansies. From liovey &, Co , a fine assortment of Rosea. Froni John llovcy, two Bouquets. From J. F. Allen, iwo snpetb clusters of Aimee Viber Roses; one bunch (onlaining more than 50 buds am flowers. From Samuel R. Johnson, Harrison and Austrian Ro ses, Acacias, &.c. From VVm. Kenrick, a fine display of flowers, beau tifiilly arranged by Miss Russell — among 'which wen Pneoniesof various sorts, Laburnums, Purple Beech Honeysuckles, Lupins, Roses, Hemerocallis, &c. For the Committee, J. BRECK, Chm'n. EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. The President of the Society presented gome very su- perior specimens of Apples, from the nursery of Messrs Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. V. The size ol the fruit large, flavor fine, color beautiful. 'Piie follow- ifig Idler addressed to the President, will give oui^ friends all the neiessnry information, as it regards thf origin of the fruit, &c. ; hut we cannot lorh. ar stating that we know of no variety of liie applo superior, if ir all re.-ffjecls equal, (at tins season of the year,) lo tht " Northern J^py." It gives us pleasure lo learn thai Messrs. E *t B. liave 3000 young trees under cultiva- tion, and we hope our friends will be able lo get a sup- ply nf itiis valuable fruit : — M. P. Wilder, Esq., Presd't Mass. Hort. Soc— Dear Sir — We send, accompanying ihis, pe.r Pomeroy *& Co. 's Express, a f'W t.f the " Northern Spy"' apples, to ytmr address. It is considered a native fruit ot Western New York — iho original tree having produced numbers of suckers that are now beariirg the identical fruit. It ia esteemed lu-re one of oirr best friiiis of this season, and it commands almost any price in our market. Tliey are sold at 2 to 3 cents each now in ihc streets at the fruit shops. The tree is (tne of the ino^t vigorous and hand- some growers, and bears very abundantly. You will please present lliese specimens to your Society, in our name. There are several quite superior fruits consider- ed natives of onr rej;ion, that we will forward in season for the inspection of your Society. Ol^. XXll. NO. 4a AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 391 VVc li;ive now prowing over 3000 young trees of the Sdv " that will bn two years old next full. spy Very respectfully, your I'li I serv is, Kn.WANGKR iS: BiiiKr. Ml. Hope Botanic Garden and JVurseries, } Rochester, May 'iod,\Sii. 3 Mr Allen, of Salem, again presented some of his nrv superior and heautil'ul specimens of the Royal Jeori/e cling-st.me Peicli — some of the fruit girled elev- n inrhes. Mr. A. also eihibitrd Grosse Mijinonne, loolid-e Favorite, and a new variety (roni Niw Jersey. Grape«, liy Mr. AHe'i, viz; Black Hainhurj, Ferral or ilark I'oriuijuese, Early Wliitr and Chnssulna Bar-siir- iibe. 'ri.ei^peciinBMs of the Bliiek Hamburg were re- larkably fine — the berries were large and the bloom as erlbct aa when it hung to the vine. The " lih-.ck Tig r S.iint Michael," and some Franconia Ras|iberrie» roiijlit up the rear of a host of line frnil by Mr. Allen, ill the specimens did him great credit Mr. JaioHS Nirgen', gardener to Mrs. Howard, Wood- ind, llrookliiie, e.xhihried some fine specimens of the Hack Hamburg and .Miller's Burgundy Grape. For tlie Couinottee, S. WALKER, C/tm'n. F.XHIBITIOS OF VEGETABLES. Fine specimens ol Cucumbers were eihibited by A. ). Weld.ofRoxbury. , „ ,. ^ , , Fiom the garden of the hite Dr. Howard, by James Nugent, a couple of long prickly t:""""'''','',-',- ,„,„,. For the Committee. J- A. KLNRICK. Baltimore, floward Street. 4 nios. er. »4 ("7 u 0 00— do. wharf, S4 75aOUO— rio. free of garlic, i4 76 a 0 ou — I'liila ilclphia rIo. 4 mos. »4 6.i a 4 73 — Frt-derickslairg, low I'd 4 inos. 84 7i a U on — .'Mexaihlna. wharf mounlain, li 00 .\ 0 00. -Georceiown, «IS7 a 5 25 — Ricbninnd Canal, 84 S7 aO »0 , —do. Ciiy.SoiiUa ii 00 — 1'eters.hurgh. South sideSu 00 a 6 25 -do. Coumry*4 76 u4 87— Genesee, common, cash, «4 69 a 4 75— do laiicy brands 84 87 a 5 12— Ohio via Canal,; io 00 a 0 00— tlo do IVew Orleans, cash S4 50 a 4 7o. Uye. '; sa 50 a 0 on -Imlia'i IMcal in hi. Is. «2 87 a 3 00. PROVISION-S. There have been further arrivals of 1 Pork, since our last report, and the market being com- ] plot' I y overstocked wiili the ailicle and prices iinseliled, our iiuolaiions, for the prcseut, must be regarded entirely nom- inal. lieef- Mess 4 i lo, new Id. I. $0 50 a 7 00— Navy— S5 76 a ,-, 25. — Nn. I, 85 50 .1 5 75— do Prime So on a 0 On- Pork— Kxira clea'r 4 mo bbl. 800 00 a OOno— do Clear ilOOO a 1 1 00 ilo. Mess, S7 50 a 8 00— do Prime So 25 a 7 00— do Mess from other States — a do Prime do do 80 00 n 0 00 do. Cargo do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do Soo 00 a 00 00 - Biiller, shipping, 15 a. 18— do store, uninspecled, 10 a 12— do CO. da iry, IS CIS. -Lard, No. i, Lloston O-MASS HORTICULTURAL SOCIF.TY. An adjoorncd meeting of the Society will be held nt he Society's r is. No. '23 Tremont Row.oii SATUR- ).'\Y. llie dlh June, at 11 o clock. ' EBENEZER WIGHT, Jung s Recordin-; Secretary. THEft.MO.METRICAL. Reported tor llie New England Farmer. Kingejf the riieimometeriil the (Jardenof the proprietors fllli Sew England Farmer , Brighton, Mass in a shaded ^oriierlyrxpisHre.ioihe week ending June 2. Scul'h and Western, 5J a 6 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 7j Southern and VVesiern, 6 a 6^— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, 3 a 4.J — do new milk, 4 J a 5^. WOOL. Duly. The value whereof at the place of ex- p.rlalion shall not exueed 7 cts. per pound, 5 )ier cenl a I val. All whereat the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per ct. ad val. and 3 cts per pound. There has not been any important change in the Wool market since our last review. Sales of both domestic and loreign have been made lo a fair extent. Prime or Suxonv Fleeces, washed, lb. 45 a 48 o. — Amer- ican full Idood do'43 a 45— Dj 3-4 do 37 a 40— Do. 1-2 do 33 a 33 -1-4 and common do 23 a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do. unwashed, 10 a 17 — Bengasi do 6 a 13 — Saxony , clean, 00 — Buenos Ay res unpicked, 7 a 10 — iio. do. nicked, 10 a 15— Superfine Norlhern pulled lamh 37 a 40— No. 1 do. do. do. 32 a 35— No. 2 do do do 23 a 30— No. 3 do do do 18 a 20. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. Sales of a few hags to the trade, 7 a 7 I -4c. per lb. Isl sort Mass 1843, lb. 6^ a 7 ;2ddo4ia5. HAY, 14 to 16 per ton— KasterD Screwed ilO to 12. EGGS. 12. JOSEPH BHKCK & NEW ENGLAND Ai'ricuUural U'arthouse ASD S7.ED STORE. 1 and 52 North Market Street, Boston JOSEPH liRECK & CO. having received a lull and gen- eral assiiriineni of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW Eli SICEDS. worlliy ol ciillivalion, confidenlly recommend ihem as being pure and of the first qualiiies, unmixed with other varielics; ihey have no hesitation in saying that their cofeciion of Seeds is the best, and of ilie greatest varietf ever ofiered for s-ale at any eslablishment in the U. Stales. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly oo hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kuuN, among which are the following, viz ;- lOdil Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2 '0 Common do. do. 2hO Cullivalors, 100 Greene's Straw Cutlers, 50 Willis' do. do. 1011 Comnicm do. do, loo Willis' Patent Corn Sliellers. 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vega- 00 a 0 — do I laijieOuiiers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Hand Corn Mills, i;;;^nS44: ITA.M. I i2,M-|5,P.M.| Wind. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, 26 I 27 I 28 1 29 30 I 1 I 21 55 54 59 53 54 56 64 63 1 57 85 73 71 58 71 64 71 66 74 62 73 70 E. W. N. E. E. E. E, N.N. ItKKiH TUN MARKET.— MoNDAr,June3, 1844. Kepnrlerirorihe N. K. Farmer. ■\t Market SCO Beef Cattle, -2,5 pairs Working Oxen, 320 Sheep and Lambs, and liOU Swine. FiacKs — «ee/ C 1-2. 200 Grain Cradles loo Ox ^ okes, 1500 Doz Scythe Stones, 31100 do Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Casl Sieel Shovels, 1511 do. Common do. 100 do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scylhes. 3oO do. Patcni Snaiihs, Zoo ilo Common do, 300 do. Hay Rakes, 20O do Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3 odo. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do, Truck do. lOo do Draft do, 300 do. Tie up do, 50 doz Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers JOSEPH BRECK&CO, N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store. 61 ) and 32 North Market Street, Boston. \ CHRTSANTHBDIUMS, VERBRN.VS, POUB1.E DAHLI.\S, A.C. The subscribers can furnish 23 varieties of the finesu CHRYSANTHEMUMS, mosily new sorts, at 83 i er doz- en, or 50 cents per jdanl for some txtra fine new sorls. VERBENAS The many varieties of this showy flower add much to the brilliancy of the flower earden. as ihey continue in bloom from June to November- Thry can be fur- nished at a low rate, embracing while, pink, purple, lilac, scarlet, crimson, and many intermediate shades and varia- tions, at 32 ])er dozen, when the seleclion is made by us, — or S3 per dozen for some of the choicest new sorls. DOUBLE DAHLIAS. We can furnish ihis sorgeous flower lo any extent, and of the most splendid varieties from 3 to S|2 per dozen. The time of planting is fast approach- ing, and those who wish to ornament their grounds with this flower should senil in their orders soon. The first of June is in season to plant Ihem out. W^e can forward them safely in pots to any part of the country. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Boston. May 13, 1844. At ro- WIIOLBSALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected wilh great care, weekly. SEEDS. Herds Grass, $2 00 to 2 12 per bushel. Red Top 63 to 70 cents. Clover-Norlhern, 9 to lOc.-Soutbern, 8 «9c. Klax Seed. Si 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. Canary .Seed, S3 00 per bushel. GRAIN. The business of the week has not been lo any great extent, and prices have lieen pretiv umlorm, Corn-Norlhern. new, bushel 51 to 52-boull.ern, round yellow, old, 49 a 50-Soulhern flat yellow, new, 47 a 48- \o. do white 43 a oo-do New Orleans, 00 a 00-Barley 00 a 00 -Rye, Norlhern, 70 a 73-do. Southern, 65 a 70 - Oat- -;,.,ithprn, 00 a 32-Norlhern rio. 32 to 34-Beans per hushei 1 00 a 1 62.-Sliorts, per double bush. OOaOO-Bran, 00 a 00. FLOUR. The market coniinunes exceedingly depressed, and prices have still a downward tendency. The salfs />' the week have been chiefly to supply the usual retail de- mauQ. REVOIiVING HORSE RAKE. The Revolving Rake, which has been in general use in most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most useful and labor saving machines now in use. One man and horse, with a boy to lead, will rake ou an average from 25 lo 30 acres per day, with ease, and tlo the work" well. They are coming into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years, supersede the use of ihe common band rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all oihers, as the person using it does not have to slop the horse to unload the rake. FARM FOR SALE One of the most pleasant situations in the middle of the town of Pepperell— the farm of ihc late Rev. James Howe, containing 44 acres of first rate land, well divided into mow- ing, tillage, pasturing and wood land, well watered and fenceil, with a Iwo story house and two barns, one 36 by 40 ieel, wilb a cellar under the same, and all other convenient out buildings. There are a v.iriety of fruit trees on the farm. Terms easy. For further particulars inquire of SETH NA- SON, on the premises, or to JOSEPH BRECK & CO., 51 and 52 Norlh Market Street, Boston. Ajiril 20. For sale at the and Seed Store June 4. New England Agricultural Warehouse JOSEPH BRECK &,CO. GARDENERS' KNIVES, And other implements for garden purposes, in great va- riety and ol superior quality. For sale at the N. E. Agri- cultural Warehouse, No. 61 and 52. N Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. FINE BONE MANURE. The subscribers have on hand. Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bone Manure, mixed with the marrow of ihe I one. It was produced from a mannfaclory when the bone was saw- ed in a wet state. Il must be a very valuable article. Also. Fifty Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry stale, princi- pally saw dust, and ihe refuse of a manufactory. March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK it CO. HORTICULTURAL, TOOLS. A few cases of superior Horticultural Tools, for gentle- men or ladies' use. For sale by JOS BRECK & CO. 51 and 62 North Market Street. MUCK MANUAL. The Farmer's Muck Masual.by Dr. S. L. Dana — price 62 I -2 cents, for sale by JOS. BRECK & CO. ec. 11. SCYTHES, ifcC. SCYTHES, RIFLES, and SNAITHS. of the most ap- proved kinds, for sale low, at the New England Agricuhu- ral Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 and 52 North Market .Street. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. CULTIVATOUS. A lot of prime Cultivators, for sale cheap at the N. B. Acricultural Warehouse, 51 and 62 North .Market Street. *= JOS. BRECK & CO. I10ES. The best kind in the Market. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. lactojuetbrs A simple instrument b.r lesiiug '"f Jlii^li'.y.';!,'?.'';^ sale at the N. E. Farmer OITice. For JOS. BRECK &. CO. 392 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. JUAE 5, 184*. MISCELLANEOUS " A Thousand Notablk Things o.v Vakiocs Subjects — disclosed from the Secrets of JVniure and Art — Practicable, Prof table, and of Great Advantage." Sucli is tlie tiLle (or a pari, rather) of a queer old bcioli ivhicli we lately tell in wilh, printed at London in 171)1, from wtiiijh we are tempted to inalie a few extracts — premising that some of them will be considered rnther more ridiriUouc than ■ " practicable" or "profitable." But if some of the " Notable Thin<;3" do not impart useful knowledfjr, they may at least excite a smile — "and smiles are good."— Ed. Tar. "The hoofs of the fore feet of a Cow dried, and made into fine powder, increnseth Milk in Nurses, if they eat it in their pottag-e, or u-ie it in their drink ; and being cast upon burning coals, the smoke thereof doth kill Alice, or at least doth drive them away." " Earth-worms fryed with Goose-grease, then strained, and a little thereof dropt warm into the deaf or pained Ear, dolh help the same. You must use It half a dozen times at least. This is true:' ''The juice of Mullen Leaves put to any part that is bruised, and the stamped leaves thereof then put upon the same, and tied fast on with a cloth, and so let lie one whole day and night, will heal it finely, yea though it be a wound ; but the sore must be first washed with white wine, a little warmed, and the juice of the leaves must be put to it, and you will marvel at the efl'ect. Proved." "A barren Vine will bear Grapes, if you cast old and sour Wine thereon; or if you bury the Lees of Wine at the roots thereof." "In the nioriiing, if Salt be holden in the mouth under the tongue, until it melt or consume into wa- ter, and the Teeth being rubbed therewith, it will preserve the Teeth safe and sound ; it will keep them from rotting, and that they shall not bo worm- eaten. Proved." " A little Bay Salt, stamped small, mixed with the yolk of an Egg, and applied to a Felon, and ao used divers times, doth not only perfectly heal the same with speed, but also draws out all the pain of the arm, and ceases the awellintr thereof. Proved." " Veil shall slay the bleeding of the Nose, if you write with the same blood in the forehead of the party that bleeiLs, these words following, Consum- malum est:' [Consummate nonsense, we suppose.] "The Blood of a While Hen, smeared on a freckled face, and sufferi-d to dry thereon, and after, wards wiped away, clearly takes away all spots from the same." •'The Pecoction of Hollyhock, with Honey and Butter, being drank, doth marvellously ease the pain ol the Cholic, and of the Bick. Proved:' " 'I'he White of an Egg well and long beaten, mi.ved with quick Lime, will surely join broken Glasses and broken Earthen Cups, and will make them hold fast and surely together. Hut it would be the better, if a little of very old Cheese be well mixed therewith." "The Head of a Cat that is all black, burned in a new put, and fine ashes or powder made there- of, and siiine of the same thrice every day blown out of a quill into the eye that hath any evil or grief in the same, is a most excellent help and remedy thereof." " A Flint Stone by lying in Vinegar the space of seven days, may be tlien dissolved into powder by rubbing between the fingers." " If young Beasts eat of the leaves of an Ivy or Ash Tree, they die ; but if they that chew the cud do eat thereof, they feel no harm." " Whosoever will preserve Chesnuts and keep them safe and sound, let them mix them with Wal- nuts: fur they will drink up such humors whereby Ihey corrupt; and they will not suffer them to wax iiiouldy." "The paring of an Apple cut something thick, and the inside whereof laid to hot burning or run- ning Eyes at night, when the party goes to bed, and tied or bound to the same, doth help the same very speedily and contrary lo expectation." "The people of Jlslamorts {os Pliny reports,) have no mouth, and are clad with a woolly moss growing in India, and live only with smelling of odors at their nose, of roots and flowers, and apples that grow in the woods, which they carry with them." " The Roots of Lilies soaken in Water, doth take away the Redness in the Face, if the same be rubbed therewith a few mornings and evenings." "If one bleed on the right side of the Nose, bend and press hard the party's right finger ; if on the left side, then the little finger in like case, lor therewith the bleeding will cease. This is a proved remedy:' ''If yon take an acorn from an Oak Tree, and in the same you shall find a little Worm, which, if It doth Hy away, it signifies Wars ; if it creeps, it betokens scarcity of Corn ; if it run about, then it foreshews the Plague. This is the Countryman's Astrology, which they have long observed for truth." " If one that hath eaten Garlick or Cummin seed, breathe on the face of a Woman that is painted the color will vanish away straight; if not, then her color remains as it did before." "If you mark where your right foot doth stand at the fir.st time that you do hear the Cuckow, and then take up the earth under the same, wheresoev- er the same is sprinkled about, there will no Fleas breed. 1 know this hath proved true:' " If the ears of Cats be cropped or cut ofl', it will make them keep at home the better, for then the water (which they cannot abide) will drop into their ears, being open." ''When any draw nigh towards their death, and their members lack lilood and vital Heat, then Fleaa and J^ice leave them quite, or else tnke to that part of the body where the said Heat tarries the longest, which is in the hole of the Neck under the Chin, &.c. This is a token that death is at hand" "Take Black Soap, and almost aa much Ginger in powder, and mix them well together, then anoint therewith any Tetters or Ringworms every day, for four or five days together, and it will heal them certainly " " The Seeds of Roses with Mustard Seed, and tho fiiot of a Weazel, tied together in something, and handed among the boughs or branches of a 'I'ree that bears but little fruit, it is said will make tho tree to be marvellous fruitful." ''If you would kill Snakes and Adders, strike them with a large Radish." WILLIS' LATEST IMPROVED SEED SOWE. In using Ihis machine, the farmer may be c. itain tb his seed is put inlo the ground, and at iI.b same lir. ill tiie best possible manner. There h.is been a gre difficulty in iriachine.i hir sowing garden seeds; ihn are very apt to clng up, and the farmer might go over i aere ol land and not bow a single seed ; but not so wi lliis; it is sn conslriicled thai it cannot possibly cic In using this sower, the farmer nan save one half his seed, and do the work at less ihan one quarter tl expense of the co.nunon way of sowing, and have done in a much better manner; it opens the furio' drops the seed covers it over and rolls them dowi It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; sav Ruta Bag Mangel Wurlzel, Turnips, Carrots, Beels, "P.irsnips, O ions, &.C, For sale at the New England Agricnlicir VViirehouse ami Seed Store, Nos. 51 .-.nd 52 Norl'i ftla ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements hare I.ecn maile the past year in tl form and workmanship ol these Ploughs; the mould I,, ai has heen so formed as to lay the /vrroic <:or:\pMeh, ooc turning m ercr,j particle of grass or sluhblc. and leaving tl ground in the best possible manner. The length of x) mould hoard has been very much increascrt, so that tl .hh^^.j*'"''^ ]";'"*"" "f^=>'""'3'^.'"''h w.lh respect I the holdins; and the team. The Committee at the late Ini ol Ploughs at Woreesler, say, " Should our opinion be asked as to which of Ihe Plnu-I- we should prefer for use on a farm, we mi?hl perhaps say i he inquirer, >( your land is mostly light'an.l easy to wi.rl trj Prouty & Mears, hut if your landis heavy, hard orroch BEGIN WITH .Mr. Howard's.'- At Ihe al.ove mentioned trial the Howard Plough rfiV- more ivorkv-ith Ihe sawc pawer of learn, than any oihe plough e.thibited. No other turned more Ihan Iweniysoi-e and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draujht, while ih Howard Plough turned Iwcntiinine and one hal f inches . i the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard' 1 loughs are much the strongest and most substantiall made. There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe or land side ol this Plough, which can he renewed williou having to lurnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secnie: Ihe mould hoaid and landside together, and strengthens ill. Plough very much. = > 6 The price of the Ploughs is from S6 lo 815. A Ploneb sutticieiii forhreaking up wilh fourcallle, will cost aho'u *.0 50, and with cutler «1, wilh wheel and cutter, Sa 61 extra. Theahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, r the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stme Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEKKLT PAPER. Terms, $3 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not paid within sixty days. N. a. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank all subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, withoul expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT. PKINTERS. 21 School Sltree. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH M.4RKET STREET, (Aobiodltoral Wabehodbe.) vol,. XMl.l BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 12, 1844. [NO. 50. N. E. FARMER. CULTURE OP CORN. Corn is unquestionably tlio most valuable grain crop wliich is raised in tlie United Slates. So mnch, however, has lately been written upon its culture, that little new can be said npon this sub- ject. It is well known that it is a gross feeder, and land can scarcely be made loo rich for it. Proper hoeing, frequent stirring of the earth with the plow or cultivator between the rows, and above all, l;i:o|iing the weeds down, are quite as essential as a rich soil. Tliere is ono point in the culture nf corn, nnd a pretty important one, too, which 3eems to remain in dispnte, and that is rewarding the breaking of the rods by deep plowing between the rows. The late Jud^e Duel contended that Ihis was very injurious; while an equally eminent authority. Judge Beatty, of Kentucky, has come to the conclusion, after careful experiment, that cut- ting the sm.iller roots by the plow, or otherwise, to a moderate extent, is not injurious to the crop ; for, eays he, the main roots will thereby throw out in- numerable others in their place, and to a much more divi'rsified extent. We will here make a suggestion of our own. Does not the cutting off a few of the smaller corn-roots act upon the stalks in the same manner as root-pruning of fruit trees? W"hen the growth of the tree is too rank, we know that root-pruning has the effect of cliecking the production of wood in the tree, and of causing it to produce more fruit. Why, then, will not the root-pruning of corn add to its increase of grain? We should be very glad if some of our readers would make a series of experiments on this crop the coming season, with a view of testing the mer- its of the two different methods of culture. We apprehend that when the soil is very rich, and there is a tendency of the corn running too mucli to stalk, cutting the roots would be advantageous ; but where the land was rather poor, and no such result likely to ensue, that cutting or breaking the roots in its culture, would be injurious. However, (bis is a mere matter of speculation with us, and till some reliable experiments are made in different kinds of soil, the same season, and with rows side by side, n mem opinion on this subject should have litlle weight witli the practical farmer. Cornjor Foddtr The culture of corn for sum- mer soiling and winter fodder, is greatly on the increase, and demands attention. From experi- ments made by several of our friends last season, in growing corn for soiling, they found that such as was sown in drills about one foot apart, did much belter than that sown broad-cast ; and that the varieties of sweet corn which produce tall slen- der stalks, and the most leaves, gavo the best and greatest amount of fodder. Tlicy infer that there was more saccharine matter in the stalks from these varieties, and the cattle, consequently, found it more palatable and nutritious. Corn may be planted for fodder till the 20th of this month, north of 40 degrees; farther south, still later. — American Agriculturist. PRODUCTIVE FARMS. To a person not familiiuly acquainted with the history and statistics of English husbandry, the ex- treme productivcne.ss of llie farms of that country, will appear incredible. Nearly nine-tenths of the cultivated land in Great Britain and Ireland, are rented to tenants, who pay, usually, from four to five pounds sterling per acre annual rent. VV'hero is the farmer, in this country, who could live under such a burden ? Here, a farm comprising a hun- dred acres, is often rented for one hundred dollars, and even at this rate, the tenant has a hard task. The cultivation, even where ihcro area large num- ber of acres in grass, will little more than pay the rent and taxes ; but in England the result is wide- ly dilTerent. The tenant who there pays five pounds sterling, per acre, annual rent, and finds all appliances, obtains not only a comfortable living, but in many cases wealth, from the prosecution of a business which here, with like burdens, would doom him to want and misery. In 1811, Irwin estimated the produce of one En- glish farm of 890 acres, at £8,578— or $38,000! The quantity of manure applied was 13,746 one- horse cartloads in one year, nnd 10,2.50 the next! Now, admitting the rent of this farm to be $12 per acre, and the cost of manure and its application $12 more; and if to this sum we add, for interest, or expenses, taxes, and the various contingent ex- penses of cultivation, &c., -$12 nwre, we shall find upon striking the balance, that there will remain a profit of $10 the acre, amounting in the gross aggre- gate, to the sum of $10,000 clear gain to the ten- ant in a single year! In the vicinity of London, a hay farm compris- ing IGO acres, was rented. The i^ntal in this in- stance, was .$12 per acre, amounting in the whole to $1920 per year. A very heavy expenditure was required for manure — probably as much as many a Now England farmer would have been willing to give for the land, and yet the tenant succeeded, and has since become wealthy, and with no other income than the produce of his farm. In Ireland, a poor tenant hired an acre of land, erected his cottage, purchased manure and farming tools, and the first season cleared all expenses and had a balance of £8 left. And yet that Irish pea- sant, in addition to the expenses and outlays above enumerated, had a church tax to pay, and to be at the expense of purchasing his own seed, and main- taining a family of four besides himself and wife. The frugality of the Irish peasantry is proverbial. But there was something more than mere frugality at the bottom of this man's success. There was thorough cultivation — a thing which in New Eng- land may be said to be wholly unknown. This is the mystery, and the only one. That Irish peasant, with like expenses, would have starved here on for- ty acres, with our cultivation. — Connecticut Cou- rnnt. THE "SKIM-MILK" CONTROVERSY. To the Editor of the New Enijland Farmer: Dear Sir — I hove no desire to prolong the "bat- tle" between my humble self nnd my formidable opponent, "A Skim-milker," and I freely accord him all the laurels that liavo been won ; — but you will give me lenvo to " define my position," as the politicians say — in other words, to exculpate my- self from an imputation which I conceive may rest upon mc, from a remark in his last communicntion. I say to him, plainly, (and you, sir, can attest the truth of my asseverations,) that I have not — I never had — tlie slightest possible interest in Col. Jaques' stock — no more than I have in " A Skim-milker's" — that I am hardly acquainted with Col. J., other- wise than by reputation, never having exchanged a dozen words with him in my life; — that I only re- ferred to him as authority, because, on the points on which I quoted him, I knew he had the reputa- tion of being a skilful judge ; and because I had heard much of his success as a breeder of stock ; — that, further, I know nothing of the character of the stock now on his farm, and have no more interest in it than in any other man's stock ; — that, lastly, if Col. J. has made u.se of any means to "puff" his stock into celebrity, (and a celebrity not de- seriied, as " A Skim- milker" seems to insinuate,) /, surely, have not been one of the instruments he has used for that purpose ; — and I liope I may say, without subjecting myself to the charge of boast- ing of my virtue, that I am not so lamentably des- titute of conscienciousness, as to be capable, either from selfish or other motives, of "puffing" nny man's stock as superior to another's, when no proofs of such superiority were in my possession. And further I have not to say. Very respectfully, June 8, 1844. Anti-Skimmilker. The Greenfield Demociat eays that the silk fac- tory in that town continues to operate in a flourish, ing manner. Some forty or fifty hands arc em- ployed, and the agent advertises for fifty more girls. Apply your Asties — It is asserted by those whose assurance is deserving of regard, that for every bushel of common house-ashes, applied to the hills of Indian corn, there will be a corresponding addi- tion to theciop, nnd an almost complete exempiion of the plants from the vernal ravages of slugs and worms. The most proper time for applying ashes to this crop, is just after the plants get up, nnd while the roots being yet in their nascent state, are not in a condition to collect the elements nf food from but a limited range. We have heard of several failures this season, in consequence of ap- plying ashes in the hill ; a practice nliich is sure to result fatally to the seed, unless their alkales- cent qualities be, in some measure, neutralized by the interposition of a stratum of dirt — Maine Cull. Floicers. — The lovers of sweet flowers may de- rive advantage from the knowledge that gravelly or sandy soils promote the aroma. Those flowers of perfume are natives of the sandy lands, Persia, Arabia, &.C., and those in pols should therefore be supplied with sand or gravel. — Michigan Far. Rather go to bed supperlese than rise in debt. — Franklin. 394 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JVNE: 13, 1S44. From tlis Chester (England) Farmer's Herald. PEAT COMPOST. The following method of making peat compost, is piven by Mr Alton, and inserted in Sir John Sin- clair's Scotch Husbandry : The peat and dung must be thrown up, in alter- nate strata, into a heap four and a half feet high, and in the following proportions: peat six inches; ihmg ten inches ; peat six inches ; dung four in- ches ; peat six inches; and tlien a thin bed of dung, and cover the whole with peat. The heap should be put loosely together, and then made euiooth on the outside. The compost, after it is made up, gets into a general heat, sooner or later, according to the weather and the condition of the dung ; in summer, in ten days or sooner ; in win- ter, not perhaps for many weeks, if the cold is se- vere. It always, however, has been found to come on at last ; and in soinmer it sometimes rises so high as to be mischievous, by producing what is called fn-fanging. In that season, a stick should be kept in it, in diflerenl parts, to pull out and feel now and then ; for if it approaches to blood heat, it should be eith- er watered or turned over; and on such occasion, advantage may be taken to mix with it a little fresh peat. The heat subsides after a time, and the heap may then be allowed to remain untouched until within three weeks of using, when it should be turned over, upside down, and inside out, and all the lumps broken. Use it weight for weiglit, like farm-yard dung, and it will be found to stand the comparison with that. Let it be observed, that the object of maaking up the compost is to form as large a hot-bed as the quantity of dung admits of, and then to surround it on all sides, so as to have the whole benefit of the heat ana effluvia. Peat, nearly as dry as garden mould, in seed-time, may be mixed with the dung, so as to double the volume and more, and nearly triple the weight, and instead of hurting the heat, prolong it. A correspondent of Sir John Sinclair's, states that he has used this compost for seven years, and considers it to be of immense impor- tance. He would rather bring peat two or three miles, than want it for his compost hills. In this process of making compost, a large quan- tity (if almost inert humus is broken down, and rendered fit to yield abundant nourishment to plants, both in the shape of carbonic acid gas, and also saline matter; while the ammonia, produced by the fermentation of the dung, is absorbed and retained by the humus. In all cases where peat can be had for the pur- pose of making compost, experience has shown there can be no question about the propriety and advantage of using it for that purpose. The effects of peat-ashes are well known; and in this case the saline and earthy substances, of which they are composed, are made available, as well as the humus, which is retained instead of being dissipa- ted, as in the case of burning. It often happens that all the dung upon a farm cannot be used at the most fitting season, and must be kept for a future occasion ; much care is there- fore required to prevent its being wasted, either by ferrnenlation or from the effect of water. The method above noticed, of mixing the dung with peat, can be practiced only in particular situations, but every situation admits of the formation of com- post heaps by means of mixing earth of some kind or other. It is usual to form compost by mixing the dung with any kind of soil that happens to be most convenient ; but it is by no means an unim- portant question as to ivhat kind of material is the best for the purpose. 'Ihe muddy deposit of tide- ways, the sediment of ponds, and the scouring of ditches, are the first to be recommended ; next, calcareous road-scrapings, marl, and clay. In making an earthy compost with dung, there is a threefold object answered: first, to prevent the too rapid decay of the dung; secondly, to present an earthy substance to the slowly decoying matter which is capable of uniting with it, and preserving the ammonia; and thirdly, to afford some addition of saline matter, which most earths contain. The most finely divided earths are, of course, the best adapted for these purposes, and perhaps a rich marly earth should be preferred to any other, from its known fertilizing qualities, while there is con- siderable uncertainty in that of the other materials mentioned. It is seldom, however, that much choice can be exercised. In forming a compost heap, a bed of the earth should be first laid down, about six inches deep, and then a layer of dung about a foot deep, lightly and regularly laid upon the earth. Ltt the alternation be repeated until the heap is about five feet high ; a thin coverini; of earth, both on the lop and sides, completing the whole. In about ten weeks, the heap should be turned and well mixed, and again covered with a slight coating of fresh earth. Wherever night-soil can be obtained in any quan- tity, the forming it into a compost, so as to preserve it from waste and render it fit for the drill, is an object of great importance, as it is much too pow- erful to be used in the crude state, and indeed can- not be conveniently distributed in that condition. In China, this most valuable material is mixed with fat inarl, formed into cakes, and then dried in the sun, and in this state is transported to great dis- tances by means of the numerous rivers and canals which intersect that country. The best mode of treating night-soil for the purpose intended, is to mix it Willi about double its bulk of charred or half-burnt peat,^vhich will arrest its decomposition and by so doing, render it inoffensive. When peat cannot be obtained, finely sifted coal-ashes is a good substitute. In situations where lutp ashes can be procured, it would form an excellent addition to any of these mixtures, as it would supply those salts in whiih night-soil is rather deficient. Lime should in no case be resorted to, as it very much injures its quality by driving off ammonia. The materials should be well mixed, and spread either under a shed, or in the open air, until dry enough to be riddled for the use of the drill. In order to pro- mote the drying, the compost should bo frequently turned over. About 20 bushels of such a compost will be a powerful dressing for an acre of land. Whenever both peat and lime are available, they form a very good compost for manuring pasture land. The mode of preparing this compost may be in the usual way, of alternate layers, Ihe peat being used in a double or triple proportion to the lime. The heap should be suffered to remain three or four months, during which time it should be turned and well mixed. The lime acts very powerfully upon the inert fibre of the peat, and ren- ders a large portion of it soluble in water, and in a fit state for becoming the food of plants. Any refuse animal matter can of course be em- ployed in a similar manner. The carcase of a ■dead horse, which is often suffered to pollute the air with its noxious effluvia, has been happily cm- ployed in decomposing 20 tons of peat earth, and transforming it into the most enriching manure. Night-soil may be composted with peat with great ! advantage. Many volumes have been written on the subject of composts, as substitutes for farm yard dung, and yet the true principle upon which they should bo formed, does not appear to have been clearly incul- cated and insisted upon. Farm-yard dung is cer- tain in its effect, because it contains all the ele- . ments or substances which plants require for their- food ; and those composite manures which contain the greatest number of the more essential substan- ces are the most likely to act with corresponding uniformity. MANURES. It is well known to every cultivator of the soil, that no land will continue productive, if some equi- valent for its produce be not returned to it. If the land is always yielding and never receiving, it must in a short time become barren. However, there are particular soils, like those o! Egypt, which, being annually overfli>wed, derive a valua- j ble manure from the hand of Nature, and therefore cannot be rendered barren by bad husbandry or over-cropping. There are also some soils in our own country, which are not easily exhausted, in consequence of being composed of materials which attract and retain the food of plants. Taking these things into consideration, we consider it a duty incumbent on all cultivators of the soil, to use every means to promote its fertility, in the most simple and efficacious manner. We are fully con- vinced that if more attention were paid to the making and saving of farm-yard manure, instead of running after every new importation, they would, at the end of the year, find their purses heavier, and their land in better heart. In the north of Scotland, the small farmers aniJ cottagers pay great attention to the making of ma- nure by their pigs, by bedding lliem with leaves, moss, rushes, grass, fern ; all of which materials make excellent manure when trodden under foot and saturated with the urine of animals. We have lately noticed, in some parts of Ireland, bog- earth employed for bedding cows and pigs ; this material makes an excellent manure, especially if ] it has been well saturated with the urine of the cattle. We have seen better crops produced from land which has been manured with these materials, than the produce of any of our new importations. We do not wish, however, to condemn these im- ported manures, but we would have farmers pay more attention to the making of manure on their farms, and when made, not to allow it to manure the atmosphere instead of the soil, which we are sorry to say is loo common a practice. We would recommend farmers to adopt the fol- lowing plan : To every two cartloads of farm-yard manure, add one of the scourings of ditches, road- scrapings, or a matted sward; if these materials are properly mixed with the dung, he will be am- ply compensated for any additional expense. The use of mixing the soil with the dung, is to imbibe the gaseous elements, and hinder their di-isipation. Whenever putrid fermentation is going on in his dung-hill, he should apply some earthy substance in sufficient quantity to imbibe and retain all efflu- via. Health, profit, and cleardiness require such a proceeding. The fanner who arrests tlie rank va- AND VOl^. X.1II. NO. bO. p^^^hicl. emanate from decaying animal and vegetable matter, instead of permitting them to pass into, and contaminate the air he breathes, causes the ..tmosphere to be healthy, and supphes his crops with an invaluable food— J. Mc '■, "' the London Gardener's Chronicle. From the Loudon Gardener's Chronicle. EXPERIMENTS WI-HI DIFKERENT MA- ' NURES ON THE POTATO CROP. The fMlowing experiments on the application of various manures to the potato crop, ^vere tned last season, and as the mode of culture adopted differs from the usual practice, a few words ot e.xplauatmn HORTICULTURAL REG ISTER. 395 THE BIRDS AND THEIR USEFULNESS. ".iudi Atleram Partem" (r7»Wc were perfectly astounded upon reading the following remarks by the worthy and much re- spected editor of the IJos.on Courier. While we hardly dare to controvert what he says in respect to the robin's characteristics, we must express our surprise that we should have so Ion? cnlcrtmned a belief which the editor of the Courier considers fallacious. But our friend Bucking-ham generally looks well to the strength of his armament before he commences an attack, and ho may be as well fortified in this case as usual. Let him not, how. ever, think to escape without a shot from some quar- ter The robin's friends are legion, and we anxious- ' ' Our e ,1.0 i.ainl nriiclice a tew WOrOS 01 tApiai"".'"" ler. 1 nu luum o ■■■-•• -o nTh s bSt' ne essary. The land was of ,y waitto see what defence they can make on that buujeci are iiei. ; „ „„^„.„„.i„ _„•..,:„„„ „,„ ;„ fnvor of the birds— bul on tnat soujci,i a,^ ••-- j- _ j . 1 very superior quality, consisting ot a moderately tenacious clay, through which a considerable por- tion of an impure carbonate of lime is interspersed. It had been previously many years in grass. 1 lie potatoes were planted on the 15th of April. The ridaes were five feet wide, five sets being placed across the ridges, being thus nearly a foot distant across, and nearly eighteen inches m the other di- rection. These were covered about three inches deep with the earth out of the furrows. Before prejudices are in favor of the birds— but, "/a< j,istHia, raal cvers of the potato could be induced to pay more attention to the quality of this important crop than has usually been done._.4mer. Jlgriculturist. [In behalf of the Boston folks, we second that wish — Ed. Fa R.J From the Maine Farmer. TAKE GOOD CARE OF YOUR ORCHARDS. Mr. Holmes :_The raising of good apples is beginning l„ be appreciated by the farmers of this 6iate as its importance demands. There are munv exceMent varieties of apples which are natives of this btate, but are not considered so valuable for shipping purposes as some other kinds The Rox bury Russelt, (a native of Massachusetts we be- lieve,) has gamed great celebrity abroad as the best variety to keep for a long time, and is there- fore most valuable for exportation. In this respect It 13 excelled by no other variety within our know- ledge, and may be cultivated with great a,'vantaer, of the industry and corn.' This is an impoitant item in sheep hus- bandry; and one that not one flock-master in a thousand can answer BEANS FOR SHEEP. j fence, my eyes never beheld. I have sinnp been , ... .! ' ^ ,,•,.,,,! informed by a friend, iiersonaUy familiar with the In regard to an article in the Maine Cultivator, ( ^ ., .^_. .i,._ /-.... „„.„„„,„,„_ taste of the people where such improve- ,3, blending the useful with the beautiful, are et there appears to be an unpardonable apa- iniong some farmers in relation to raising . Whether it is the fear that a little time and r spent in setting out trees will never be re Doctor, that not more than four years are now re- quired to grow a hedge. Very respeclfullv, A. McP FARMING CAPITAL. From a communication by Mr L. Durand, we make the following extracts : — " I think it correct to say, that a liberal expenditure of capital in I'ann- ^^__^^ _.. ,ing, will ultimately pay better than when laid out If the object be to form /a( in sheep, then tlie ! in any other business. The difference between remark that beans are worth more than corn is not capital laid out in farming, and that laid out in true. For corn contains more of the fat forming I manufacturing, is, that all which is expended in elements than beans. But if the object be to form 1 the latter beyond the actual profits of the goods manufactured, is a dead loss ; while that which is aid out on the farm, under good maiiagi'mcnt, amount of profit that an orchard would yield j which is denied to the pig. 1, is hard to tell. As a general thing, some 10 Peas, oats, barley and wheat also abound in the 2 years must elapse from the time an orchard elements of wool ; but in a less proportion. The anted before it can be expected to be very itic in bearing fruit. This length of time, no )t, lies far beyond the mtnlal vision of those enjoy the fruition of other men's labor, and • nothing to do but to gather fruit from trees :h were planted by the industry and faithful- I of their fathers. Had the first settlers of ne practiced upon the narrow and selfish poli- )f neglecting every improvement, the benefit of ch could not be fully realized in their day, the sent inhabitants might employ themselves in long winter evening by cracking acorns, and ling beechnuts, instead of having a good supply Baldwins. Russetls, and other choice and new ieties of fruit, f you have neglected to plant a nursery or to out trees this spring, it may be best to make virtue of necessity, and defer it till another ing, when you should by no means fail of set- g out a row of apple trees. And if you are not mitted to eat of the fruit thereof, those who iquid execrations of all animals furnish the lar- gest, as well as the cheapest supply of the ele- ments of cheese, wool, wheat, beans, &c. ; and yet in consequence of our profound ignorance of the science of organic chemistry, the indispensa- ble elements of our foi.d and raiment are wasteful- ly thrown away. Tlirough inexcusable ignorance, our cultivators of the soil break the laws of na- ture, and that harmonious circle of cause and ef- fect— composition and decomposition — which ena- bles us "to reap our daily bread from human mould," as Young so truthlully expresses our de- pendant condition. — Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. muscle and loool, then the remark is true. Beans to them, unless they have a longer life to g(,[,ta|ii niore of the elements of wool, than any ^ than usually falls to the lot of mortals, or [ other plant. Hence nature, ever true to herself, 1 causes it to improve and increase in value from ther it is want of energy or lack of faith as to | h^g endowed the sheep with a taste for this plant year to year. In manufacturing, the interest on '' •'■' ' the capital may be received within six months or a year. In farming, it may not be so, but it will be sure to give its return in a scries of years. Anoth- er item which lias been much neglected by far- mers, is thit of purchasinofi-ooii impletnenls to carry on their farming operations. In itiis country, where manual labor is high, a farmer should ob- tain as many labor-saving implements as can be used to advantage. Although these implementa may cost more at first than connnon ones do, they will find their account in it at last. Get the best implements to be had, even if you have to go out of the State for them." — Mb, Cull. From the Maine Cultivator. LIVE FENCE HEDGES. Messrs. Editors — Some years since, during a visit to Boston, I crossed, in company with several friends, to the town of Chi-lsea, and while there, 1 was very agreeably entertained at the house of Dr. dl live after you will thereby be reminded of i gi^^^^^l^lj.^ ^j^^^^ success in farming has been emi- ir having done, at least, one good deed. Yoii | ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^.^ g^^^ggg jn the cultivation of >uld, also, bestow increased attention upon the ] es which you now have. Some people are in live fences, and other ornamental departments of - ^-- i the art. As to the species of trees selected by ned to think a visit to the orchard once a year, ^^ si,urlleff, he informed us that nolwitlistanding J then in the autumn for the purpose of ^ecur- j ^^^^.^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^p^^.^ ^^j induced him to r the fruit, IS all that is necessary. But this is ! ^^_^^^ ^^.^j ^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ly ^f j^p^^^ ^^^^^^ p^^ji^ tso; a little attention in the spring, by way ofi ^j indigenous, he had never as yet made trial of iicinus pruning, and seeing that the caterpillars | ^^^^ ^^^_^,^ .^ ^^.^ opinion, to the con.mon Mapl d other pests of the orchard are destroyed, «'ll U^^^, (Crala^ns cordula.) Other varieties, he re- jld as great, if not g.eater return, as labor e.x- 1^^_.^^^^ ^g^g ^^^^^ destroyed by the iorer, but n'ed in any other way. that the maple thorn had never, to his knowledge. Will you who have orchards, attend to this in 'been infested hy tlieni, and that during the entire Plaster on Potatoes. — Those who plowed green sward Inst fall for the purpose of planting potatoes this spring, wiH find tli,at a spoonful of plaster, ap- plied as soon as the plants come up, will increase the yield. Plaster seems to aid the potato on all kinds of land, though not equally. We have seen soils where a t'.hle-spoonful of plaster proved as useful as a shovelful of manure. If the land is in good order and the soil suffi- ciently mellow, the potato vines will need but very little liilling. The potatoes will make a bed for themselves in the rotting sod. We have raised at the rate of 400 bushels to the acre without hilling up enough to hide the plaster : it could be seen through the summer. — Bost. Cult. nson, and secure to yourselves a supply of good lit, or will you neglect it year after year, and be ntent with a mean and dwarfish specimen Just fit insult your hogs with ? One thing is pretty rtain, if you do thus neglect your best interest, lu will soon be convinced of the truth, that " >io in can gather Jigs of thistles or grapes of thorns." " Old Orchard." Farmington, May, 1844. A correspondent of the Prairie Farmer says that lady of his acquaintance, colors wool and woolen 5ods blue, with punlane, a common garden weed, id that the lady assured him it was equal in every ■spoct to the best indigo blue. period he had cultivated the cordala, he had pot lost from this cause, so much as a single tree. Some plants of this variety, set the year before, had increased from two to three per cent, in size, and his loss, from all contingencies, fell somewhat short of one p^r cent., notwithstanding the situa- tion was rather exposed, and the winter quite hard. As to the cost of Dr. S.'s hedge, it is impressed upon my mind, thougii I cannot recollect wiih def- initenes." on this point now, that he informed me that the hedge, reckoning all expenses, direct and incidental,, did not amount to more than Jiftrj cents the rod. Keeping Cows The keeping of cows is much Ilka the cultivation of land. If the crop does not reach a certain amount, there is a loss to the far- mer, or the crop may precisely equal his expenses, the year leaving him as it found him; but above all this, is profit, and the more he can increase this balance, the greater his gain. So with a cow ; if she does not give a certain quantity, she does not pay for her keeping, and the more such cons a man has, the worse off he is. On the contrary, all above a given yield, is clear profit, and the farmer or dairyman, has every inducement to increase this amount as high as possible. — .ilb. Cull. An industrious and virtuous education of chil- dren is a better inheritance for them than a great estate. To what purpose is it, asks a heathen phi- losopher, to heap up riches and have no concern as ,^ _ ^ ..., , to what manner of heirs you leave them to? The Thf hi'd'^e, then in a perfect state, had question is worthy of more than a passing thought occupied night years in coming to maturity, and a i let it be well considered by every American fath- more beautiful, ornamental, and durably efficient | er — Stlechd. 398 NEW ENGLAND FARMER Jl'NEia, IS' AKD HORTICULTURAL RKGI9TER. Edited by Joseph Breck. iJosToN, Wednesday, June 12, 1844. CULTIVATION OF THE SUN-FLOWER. Mb Breck — The euggcsdon of your correspondent " D." in your paper of tlie 29th ult., relative to the rais- ing of sun-flower seed for poultry, is well worthy of at- tention, as I can attest from experience. I do not es- teem these seed any less valuable for fowls than oats. Three years ago, I saved upwards of two bushels, which were fed to my hens while they lasted, without grain of any kind ; and I could not perceive that the fowls throve less well upon this feed than when kept on oats. I did not apprtipriate or prepare any particular spot for the sunflowers, but planted iheni in waste placis, which would not have been occupied with any thing valuable; and I reconimond their culture in this way to all farmers, for the sake of the seed for fowls. PRUNING FRUIT TREES. Having practiced for the last fifteen years the plan of pruning fruit trees late in June, and having succeeded by this course much better than formerly, when, accord- ing to general usage in my section, 1 pruned in May, (sometimes in April,) 1 feel authorized to recommend pruning in the latter part of June as preferable to any other time. 1 do not know that this accords with the experience of others, but I feel well assured that if any who doubt Its superiority over other methods, will give it a fair trial, thiiy will not abandon it. The wounds Ileal sooner by pruning at that period, than when done at any other which I have tried. HILLING AND NiOT HILLING POTATOES. The old practice of hilling corn (which never had any merit to recom i.end it, save its antiquity.) is now almost universally discarded by Judicious farmers; and, from a sm^ll experiment I made last year, (and which I mean to extend this,) witli respect to the comparative merits of hillin;; and not hillirrg potatoes, in hoeing, 1 am inclined to think that t!in same practice may well be discarded in the management of this crop also. I left two rows in the piece unbilled — that is, making only a very slight hill at the first hoeing, and not enlarging the hills at the two subsequent hoeings. The whole piece was hoed three times in the course of tfie season, and at each of these times the hills in all the rows save these two, were increased in size, as usual. At harvest, I measured the products of twt» rows on each side of the two unbilled, and the last gave ftc? pecks more (and larger potatoes) than the mean product of the other four By making large hills, 1 suspect we deprive the crop of an important share of the beneficial influences of the enn and atmospheric moisture. Potatoes need a free and mellow be d to grow in, but this is not best secured by increasing the size of the hill ojttr planting ; — it should be done principally before that, — at least, so I have been led to think from recent observation. It is bard for us to give up our old prejudices, and abandon our old practices ; hut self-interest — that om- nipotent incentive--! think will, ere long, consign the practicp.i of hilling corn and hilling potatoes, to the re- ceptacle of things which the wiser-grown generations of the sons have discovered weic unwise in their fathers. Yours, truly. An Old Farmeii. L , Mass , June l.s(, 1S44. Uj"' An Old Farmer's" doctrine respecting hilling corn or potatoes, we believe to be correct. It will be seen by reading the article on another page on the cul- ture of the potato, that we differ from the editor of the American Agriculturist in the matter of hilling potatoes. His experience is in favor of the practice — ours is not. We have e.'sperimented particularly with potatoes, and MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. EXHIBITION or FLOWERS. Saturday, June 8, 16 From M. P. Wilder, President of the Society, b. ful specimens of Erica radiata and ampullacie in pi From Wm. E. Carter, a great variety of cut flo found that where no hill «as made, but the crround kept I T""° 'l'"'"'' T'l' ^^^"'"'f '"'"'■'•^''- Baplisia ,.,,,, , , , , ° ; ph», and var. Sophura, Polemonium, new var, perfectly light between the plants, the difference in fa " ■ vor of not lulling was very great. The ground, how- ever, should be plowed deep and finely pulverized for potatoes, as well as corn, or any other crop. There is a great loss to the farmer by not giving the ground a thorough preparation to begin with. " An Old Farmer" has our thanks for his valuable communication, and we are highly flattered by his note accompanying it. It is our great desire to make the paper interesting to our readers. From numerous sources we have had the approbation of valued corres pundents, which encourages us to believe that our ef- forts are not altogether in vain. We have not the van- ity, however, to publish these tokens of approbation, as is customary with some individuals. MILDEW ON GRAPES. One of the great obstacles in our climate, in cultivat- ing the Sweetwater, and some other varieties of foreii'n grapes, is the mildew. As the season is now approach- ing when the young fruit will begin to set, we would recommend the following remedy to those who have been troubled with this difficulty in past years. The recipe was published in the New England Farmer about twelve years since, and as we have frequent inquiries as to what course to pursue in such cases, we republish it for the benefit of all interested in it. We know of no better remedy ; — " Take a pint and a half of sulphur and a lump of the best unslacked lime of the size of the fist" — (a good large fist, we suppose)—" put these in a vessel of about seven gallons' measurement; let the sulphur be thrown in first, and the lime over it; then pour in a pail of boiling water, stir it well, and let it stand half an hour; then fill the vessel with cold water, and after stirring well, allow the whole to settle. After it has become settled, dip out the clear liquor into a barrel, and fill the barrel with cold water, and it is fit for use. You next proceed with a syringe, holding about a pint and a half, and thiow the liquid with it on the vines in every direc- tion, so as completely to cover foliage, fruit and wood. This should be particularly done when the fruit is jusj forming, and about one-third the size of a pea, and may be continued twice or thrice a week, fdr two or three weeks. The whole process for 200 grape vines, need nut exceed half an hour." Lice on Dahlias. — Pols of Dahlias from green-houses, are often infested with the green louse : to destroy them, syringe the plants with the same solution as rec- ommended for the grape. nies, var. Pottsii, Reevesii, and Whitleji ; new S' Honeysuckle, Fraxinella Dictamus alba, and ,3 hour From Samuel Sweetser, a magnificent plant of umph d'Arcole Rose; also, a fine specimen of C speciosissimus. From Messrs. Hovey & Co., China and other i among them the new Crimson Boursault, and H China Lanzeseur ; bouquets. From J. Breck & Co , Ins of various sorts, Pseix Fraxinellas, Pansies, Papaver orientalis, and otiier p nial flowers; Roses, General Lamarque, Toiletl Roses, new Crimson Boursault, &c. ; bouquets. From John .\. Kenrick ; Alagnulia Macrophyll fine specimen ; Paiony Whitleji, Azaleas, &c. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Dahlias, fine Pansies* handsome Seedlino; Picotees, one variety very fine. From Samuel Walker, Lychnis angiisti folia plei very superb new perennial ; SpirsB aruncus, and . cut flowers ; bouquets. From Parker Barnes, Honeysuckles, of sons, flowers, and bouquets. From AVilliani Kenrick, Roses, Pieonies, var. P and Whitleji, &c., Fraxinella, Spireas, Iris, Verb' Delphiniums, Geraniums, with a variety of othe flowers, neatly arranged, in bouquets, baskets, &c. From Samuel R. Johnson, Yellow Harrison and and Yellow Austrian Roies, a fine display. For the Committee, J. BRECK, Chm EXHIBITION or FRUITS. The President of the Society presented 6 boxes a branch literally loaded with fruit of the Bigarrea Mai Clierry. J. F. Allen, Salem, presented Grapes — Black L burg, superior Ferral and Bar Sur Aube, very I Peaches, Royal George Clinostone ; very superior fine specimens Golden Nectarines ; Black Naples 1 very large and fine. From Mrs. Howard, Brookline ; very fine Black H burgh and Sweetwater grape.'i, and fine specimei Aliller's Burgundy. From J. L. L. F. Warren, 4 boxes of very fine E Virginia Strawberries From E. K. Whitaker, three boxes of Strawherrie For the Committee, JOSIAH LOVETT, 2i EXHIBITION OF VEGETABLES. By Thomas Nugent, gardener to Mrs. Howard basket of green Peas From John Hill, West Cambridge, a basket of gr Peas. For the Committee, JOSEPH BRECK O'Two frames, covered with cotton cloth, pared with Whitney's Waterproof Composition, vi exhibited by Mr Dutton. This article is gettiii" ' extensive use in England, as a substitute for jilass horticultural purposes, the coverings lor hot-beds, to protect trees, vines and wall fruit from cold, inse birds, &c. — Trans. Transactions of the JV. Y. State Agricultural Society. We are indebted to Henry O'Reilly, Esq , Secretary of the New York State Agricultural Society, for the 3d volume of their " Transactions." This is a highly in- teresting and useful work, and reflects much credit upon the Society, which, in spirit and efficiency, is second to no other of like cliaracter in the country. The volume contains 071 large octavo pages, embracing a number of prize essays : one on Insects iiijuiious to Orchards, Gar- dens, Field Crops, and Domestic Animals, by the late much lamented Willis Gaylord, Esq, ; an article on the Diseases and Insects most injurious to the Wheat Crop, by J. J. Thomas ; abstracts of the doings of the County Societies, &c. We have marked several artirles of in- terest fiir publication in the Farmer. New York has more able agricultural writers than any other State in the Union . Early Virginia Straioberries — We acknowledge receipt of a box of fine Early Virginia Strawber from Edgar K. Whitaker, Esq , of Needham, whi with a little sugar and cream, were highly relish Some difference between these and the sour, decay things that are sent on from Long Island and New J sey. inrThe Cincinnati Gazette states that to preset milk from souring in a thunder storm, it is only nee essary to put it in a glass vessel with a glass cover, b set it in a moderately cool place. [CFAn English chemist says that if one-quarter of I human urine wasted in London annually, could saved and judiciously applied to land, it would prodt the astonisliing quantity of 109,087,500 lbs. of flour,, about 800,000 barrels of flour. \X1I, NO. 50. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 399 yiMASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIKTY. iE AND Pjkonv KxMiBiiioN — In consc(\iienco of (lusiial early season, lliu Exiiibiliun ol" Rdscs anH iccHius I'lL'oiiiefi will take place on SATURDAY, ITitli, instead of the -L'd insl. as advertL-ed in the ule of premiums. Exliiliitiirs for premiuins must their dowers in llie stands bj 10 o'clock, A. M. JOSEPH BRECK, Ckairmaii of the Flower Committee. THER.MO.METRICAL. Kxiiorlfclfortlie New England Fariii."i. Tg )f llie riiei inomeleral the (iarrieimf tlie proprietors New England F^rnler . l!ri>;lilon. Mass in a shaded !rly exp'iBure. to i he week ending June 9. I, 1344. |7,A.M. I 12..M. I 5,P.M. I Wind. ay esday, day, '. lay, y. 31 56 63 1 57 4 52 73 62 6 64 78 62 6 53 7ri 70 7 66 72 6.5 8 57 73 62 3 61 72 67 E. B. S. E. E N. W. S. E. WOOL. Duty. The v.iliie whereof at the place of e.x- [ p iriation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 percent al | val. Allwhereoi the value exceeiU 7 cts. per pound, 40 per el. ad. val. and 3 cts per pound. No change in the market. A fair demand exists for a descriptions ; and in foreign, 300 bales have been sold with- in the quoted rates. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 45 a 48 c. --Amer- ican full hlood do 43 a 45— Do 3 4 do 37 a 40 — Do. 1-2 do 33 a 33 -1-4 anil common do 2S a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23-- Do. unwashed, 10 a 17 — Hengasi do 6 al3— Saxony, clean, 00 — Buenos Ay res unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do. picked, 10 a 15— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37 a 40— No. 1 do. do. do. 32 a 35— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30— No. 3 do do do 18 a 20. HOPS. Duty 20 per cent. The. English market has slightly improved at the last dates, but sales were very circumscribed ; a few bales very superior first sort, Massachusetts inspection, were taken. Isl sort Mass 1843, lb. 6^ a 7 ; 2d do 4J as. H.AV, 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed 69 to 10. ECiGS, 12. 'UHTON MARKET.— MoNDAT, June 10, ia44. Rei'orteil Tortile N. K. Farmer. market 515 Beef Cattle, 10 pairs Working 0.\en heep and Lambs, and 700 Swine. 90 Beef Cattle d. ic£8. — Beef Cattle. — We qoute to correspond last week, about the same prices were obtained like quality. Extra $5,25 a $5,37. First quality 6 a 5 12. Second quality $4 50 a 4,75. Third y, $4,00 a 4,50. rhing Ozen— Sales $G0, 72 and 80. ep and Lambs..— 0\i Sheep from $2 to 2 75. s from $1 50 to 2 50. 'wine. — Lots to peddle 4 1-2 for sows, and 5 1-2 rrows. One lot 4 3-4 and 5 3-4. Small pigs for ?rs from 7 to 9. At retail from 5 lo 6 1-2. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected Kith great care, weekhj. EDS. Herds Grass, (nominal) per bushel. Red Top 00 cents, (."lover — Northern, 0 to 00c. — Southern, 0 l-'laiSeed. Si SO per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. ry Seed, S3 00 per hushel. LAIN — There has been a moderate but steady de- fer Corn throughout the week, and sales mostly con- to good mealing qualities. rn — Northern, new, bushel 52 to 53— Southern, round *, old, 50 a 51 — Southern flat yellow, new, 48 a49 — o. white 4S a '0 — do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Barley )0 —Rye, Northern, 67 a 68— do. Southern, 64 a 65 — Southern, 00 a 32- Northern do. 35 to 36— Beans, per 1 1 ooal 62.— Shorts, per double bush. 23 a 25- Bran, JO. .OUR.— The market has displayed but little change the last report j prices are a shade lower, except for est descriptions, which, at the close, were a little firm- it li some calls for foreign shipment, dtimore, Howard Street. 4 mos. cr. 94 75 a 4 78 — do f, 84 62 a 4 75— do. free of garlic, S4 75 a 4 87— Phila- lia do. 4 mos. $4 62 a 0 00 — Erederickshurg, low I'd 4 84 62 a 4 73— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 0 00 a 0 00. orgeiown, *4 75 a 5 00— Richmond Canal, S4 75 a 0 00 Ciiy.SoOOaiiOO- Petersburgh.South sideS4 87 a 5 12 Country 84 75 a 0 00— Genesee, common, cash, *4 69 a - do faiicy brands 84 87 a 5 25 — Ohio, via Canal, a 0 00 — do do New Orleans, cash S4 50 a 4 75. Rye, ' a 0 00— Indian Meal in bbls. S2 87 a 3 00. LOVISIONS. — There has been a brisk demand for during the week past, and nearly 4000 barrels have ged hands, mostly ordinarily Mess, ef— Mess 4 mo. new hbl. $6 50 a 7 00— Navy— $5 76 a — No. 1, *5 50 a 5 75- do Prime So 00 a 0 00— Pork— 11 clear 4 mo bbl. SOD 00 a 00 00— do Clear S9 50 a 1 1 00 Mess, S7 50 a 8 60— do Prime 46 25 a 7 00— do Mess other States,— a do Prime do do *0 00 a 0 00 .largo do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do $00 00 a 00 00 — l!r, shipping, is a 18— do store, uninspected, 10 a 12 — do , IS cts. a 20 — Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 00 a 0 — do ',1 and Western, Si a 6 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 7^ — lern and Western, 6 a ej— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, i —do new milk, 4i a Sj. nSVOliVIlVG HORSE RAKK. The Revolving Rake, which has been in general use in most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most useful and labor saving machines now m use. One man and horse, with a boy to lead, will rake on an average from 25 to 30 acres per day, with ease, and do the work well. They are coming into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years, supersede the use of the common hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person using it does not have to stop the horse to unload the rake For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store JOSEPH BRECK & CO. June 4. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NEW E.NGLAND ^« Aifricultural Warehovsc "" ' AND SSED STORE. 61 and 62 North Market Street, Boston. JOSEPH BRECK &. CO. having received a lull and gen- eral assortment of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN nnil FLOW Kit SEEDS, worthy of cultivation, confidently recommend them as being pure and of the first quahties, unmixed with other varieties; they have no hesitation in saying that their col'.ection of Seeds is the best, and of the greatest variety ever ottered for sale al auv establishment in the XI. States. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz :— lOoo Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2n0 Common do. do, 2(10 Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutlers, M Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, 100 Willis' Patent Corn Sliellers, SO Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 60 do. Vege- table Cutlers, so Common do. do, 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles, 100 Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz, Scythe Stonei-, 3000 do, Austin's Rifles, iOO doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do. too do. Spades, 600 do. Grass Scythes, 300 ilo. Paleni Snaiths, 200 do Common do., 600 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3' 0 do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do, 60 doz Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. -Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 } and 52 North Market Street, Boston. S CHRTSANTHEMUMS, VKRBEtVAS, DOUBLE DAHLIAS, eipelii it in three or four days. 1 never tried this : therefore, as it proves, so praise it." "Aristotle and Avicen do affirm, that of the round and short Egg, the Cock Chicken doth come ; of the long and sharp Egg, the Heji Chicken." [This has been published in the papers recently as a new discovery.] '' Tlie more lively and quick that a Horse is, the more deep he will thrust his Nose into the Water when he drinks." " Young Children whose Gums are anointed with the brain of a Hare, do breed their Teeth easily." " The unpleasant noise of Frogs in the night will cease, if you set a candle burning on the bank side nigh whore they be." " When you are where Stinks are, open your Mouth, and breathe there through, and you shall not smell it, nor receive prejudice by it." " For Bed-bugs. Take a handlul of VV^ormwood and White Hellebore, and boil them in Urine till half is wasted, and rub your bedstead with it." " Any Stones will easily be made soft, by letting them lie all night in the Blood of an Ox, the Fat of a Wether, and strong Vinegar, mixed together." " if you take Salt Water and rub a lousy Head with it, it kills the Lice." SAYLE'S GARDEN ENGINES. A splendid article, will throw a constant stream of to ihe distance of 50 to GO feel, wilh sreat force, ami i of fire would be a suhslituie for a fire engine. Tht perfect article for the purpose ever introijuced. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 51 and 52, North Market Street. JOS. BRECK & ( Boston, June 4. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGl Great improvements have lieen maile the past year form and workmanship of these Ploushs ; Ihe mould has heen so formed as to lay the furrmc romplelely turning in every particle of grass or sluhble, and team, ground in the best possible manner. The length i mould lioard has been very much increased, so th; Plough works wilh Ihe greatest ease, f>olh with res)) the holding and the teatn. The Commitlee at the lal of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the PI we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps the inquirer, if your land is mostly light'anJ easy to try Piouty & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hard or BEGIN WITH Ma. HoWABD'3.'' At the above me-tinned trial the Howard Pl^ug more work, with the same pswer of learn, than any plough exhibited. No other turned more than Iwenly and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, whi HawaTd Plough turned ticentynine and one'half ini^ the same poicer of team .' All acknowledsc that Hoi Plongtis are much the strongest and most substai made. There has been quite an improvement made on the or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed w having to furnish a newlandsider this shoe likewise S' the mould board and landsirle together, and strenglhe Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to S|6. A P sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost SiO 51), and with cutler *1, wilh wheel and cutler, extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and ret the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & ( NEW ENGLAND FARMER A WEEKLY PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if no within sixty days. A. B. — PostmasterB are permitted by law to fra siihscriptions and remittancts for newspapers, w expense to subscribers. TUTTLE AND DENNETT, PRINTERS' 21 School Sttree. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH MARKET STREET, (AoRicniTOBAt Wabehoosk.) Jl.. XMT.l BOSTON, WEDNKSDAY EVENING, JUNE 19, 1844. [NO. 51. N . E. FARMER, From Ihe Albany Cullivalor. " KNOWLEDGE IS POWER." Never waa lliis imiUo more signally illuslrated an in the advantages derived by intelligent far- ers from the aid of science. Even a slight nc- inintanoe with chemistry and geology, is produc- /e of prgfit to the pocket, ns well as pleasure to 0 mind. Yim may be somewhat surprised to find me rming on the hard soil of Connecticut, instead of aching mathematics in a ship of war," said a ortliy friend to me lately ; '' I am somewhat siir- ised at the transition myself," he continued ; " but le truth is, that upon leaving the ship on a visit imeward, I bought a copy of Liebig's newly pub- ished book about Agricultural Chemistry, for the urpiise of reading on my journey ; and so much as I instructed and entertained, that I de'.ermined ) take hold of the old farm once more, and en- eavor to practice on the doctrines taught by that ;ientific Gorman. I have done so for a couple of ears, and the result niore than realizes my expec- itions. I'y economy in increasing the quantity nd improving the quality of manures, and by ap- lying more manure and better cultivation, our orn crop is more than doubled — aye, almost tre- iled ; our potato crop is much improved in (]uality, nd greatly in quantity ; and our meadows pro- luco hay enough to leave a handsome surplus, vhere formerly the cattle we now keep would have bund rather 'short commons.' But the greatest mprovement in reference to the cattle and niea- iows, results from adopting the plan which I saw Tientioiied in the Cultivator, as pursued by Hon. Fosiah Q,uinc_v, of Massachusetts. The old stone fences running through our farm, were a nuisance :n my siglit, forming ready harbors for noxious ver- min and weeds, besides occupying considerable ground. I determined to follow the Qiiincy fash- ion, (and those Quincies have many good traits about them,) by soiling our cattle, and thus render- ing division fences needless. I thus keep the cat- tle in better order on the products of much less land, and save additional quantities of manure that would alone pay me for all the trouble I have in housing the animals. By under-draining, I have reclaimed considerable marshy land, making it now productive; and the peat-bog of twelve acres, formerly a mere nuisance, is now one of the most valuable parts of our farm — furnishing us with abundant material to throw into our hog-pen and cnwyard, for forming compost, in connexion with an occasional sprinkling of lime to promote decom- position. I should not forget that even the weeds with which the old farm was infested, are now made tributary to the improved mode of cultivation ; some well-meaning doubters, who are always slow of faith,) are now satisfied there is something in it less ridiculous than tliey formerly supposed. So, with this brief account of myself, since you last met me on board the line-of-baltle ship, do you wonder that I have now relumed with increased interest to Ihe (dd farm, where I learnt to plow in the same fields that were cultivated b/ my ances- tors, from the early settlement of Connecticut ?" .^3 one of the multiplying evidences of the bene- ficial results of agricultural publications — as an example worthy of imitation by many of our far- mers, young and old — the foregoing sketch is at your service — in the hope that young men who are inclined to abandon farming in the hope of better fortune otherwise, will at least '' rtail, reflect and jui/^re," before they abandon their farms, however " worn out" or unprofitable those farms may have been. Farmers who practice on such doctrines, have little need of crossing the Rocky Mountains in search of lands in Oregon. Ruo. injured, and yielded an abundant crop of remarka- ble sound, ripe corn." — ^Ib. Cull. PRESERVATION OP CORN FROM FROST. Mr S. N. Hawes, of Shoreham, Vt., relates a remarkable case of the exemption of a piece of corn from frost, which he thinks is to be attributed to the plentiful use of long barn-yard manure, in connexion with the stalks of a crop of corn which had grown on the ground the year before — the whole having been plowed into the soil. He says : "I plowed deep, strewing the old crop of stalks in the furrows and covering the whole entire. I had a raiik and extra growth of a large kind, which required a longer time to mature; and some of the last days of August or first of September, the earli- est ears had commenced hardening, when we had one of the severest frosts I ever witnessed at that season of the year. I had much anxiety respect- ing my corn crop, which I visited early in the morning; but the crackling of the frozen grass at every footstep, prepared my mind to behold it in ruins. Yet determined to know the worst, I pressed on, mounted the fence, which surrounded it, and to my surprise, not a panicle of frost was visible upon it ! 1 looked around upon everp side ; all bore a wintry aspect. I looked again upon the crop before me ; it bore the appearance of having been wet by a gentle but profuse shower. I sprang over the fence, determined to pass through it ; but ere I had pone half a dozen rods, was glad to re- treat, and before I could effect it, was completely drenched. I again remounted the fence, where I could take a view of every sije : it was alike sur- rounded by a heavy frost. As I stood pondering upon the apparent phenomenon, the fact flashed upon my mind, that the process of decomposition from tie extra quantity of long manure, particu- larly the old crop of stalks, was still going on to POINTS OF A HORSE. It was formerly said that a horse should have three qualities of a woman, three of an ox, tlireeof a mule, three of a deer, three of a wolt', three of a sheep, three of a fox, three of a cat, and three of a snake. Mr Hooper, of the We.«tern Farmer and Gardener, gives the following interpretation of this, t'rom Denton Otfut, the animal manager : "Three points of a woman — deep chest, full bosom, long hair. Three of an ox — eye, nostril, joints. Of a mule — hoof, strength, perseverance. Of a deer — head, legs, hair lays well. Of a wolf — breast, loin, lope. Of a sheep — face, patience, mildness. Of a fox — ear, tail, foot. Of a cat — walk, action, leap. Of a snake — sight, memory, and moulting." Offut, whose name is mentioned above, we are told, is much distinguished in Kentucky, for liia success in taming animals. Hia rule, (as given in the Farmer & Gardener,) seems to be simple and rational. His first object is to confine the animals in a small space. Then approach them slowly and quietly — induce them to eat salt from the hand — rub them oil over with the [hands — always moving the hand with the direction of the hair — speak softly and soothingly to them, rub- bing them at the same time about the face and head. Feed them only moderately, so that they may be always ready to take food and water. Never strike them a blow. To prevent a horse from lying down in harness, ho says, "tie him down with a rope, so that lie cannot get up, and keep him so ten hours. Then let him get up, and work him for an hour. Give him water from your hand, and feed him; this tends to make him like you, removes fear, and re- stores confidence." for, cut frequently,, (as all weeds should be, till that degree that the heat completely counteracted they are exterminated,) they form material for ad- the action of the frost. Near the middle of Ihe ditional nianure, when drawn into the hog-pen or day, (which was extremely warm and clear,) 1 trav- cow-house for litter. It is satisfactory to find that elled a mile in length, visiting every field on the many in our neighborhood, who at first smiled m- same level w,th my own, and all without dislinc- creduously at my notions of book-fcrming, (and also ! 'ion w^^fe entirely destroyed. Mine remained un- GUANO. The British papers represent the guano business to be about the best going. A vessel of .5(10 tons was ten weeks on ita passage to Africa, seven in loading, and nine in roUirning to Liverpool. The guano itself cost nothing. The proceeds of the cargo were £4,000, or $20,000 ; the expenses, $2000. A British man-of-war has been ordered to the coast of Africa, for the protection of this trade. — Boston Post. The scientific and enterprising agriculturists of Europe, are availing themselves of every artificial expedient to make their land productive : they ac- cumulate tlie refuse and ofial of the world for this noble purpose. Several years ago, we remember to have read that the bones of the thousands slain at Waterloo, which were consuming by exposure to the open air, were collecled and shipped to Great Britain, there to be ground into powder and useil as manure. Liquid nianure, the drainings from stables and cow. pens, is the most valuable of all manures ; yet there is not one farmer in twenty in this country, who saves it. — Far. Month. Visitor. 402 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, EXPERIMENTS IN TUB MANUFACTURE OF CORN-STALK SUGAR. Last year, a premium of $]00 was awarded by the N. Y. State Agfricultiirnl Society, to Marcus Adams, of Genesee county, N. Y., for experiments in the manufacture of sugar from cornstalks. Mr Adams' statement is contained in the last volume of the Society's Transactious, from which we copy : Raisi7}g the Corn. — One acre of ground was se- lected, of a sandy loam, cultivated last year to ruta baga ; this was manured with thirty loads of the best stable manure, well mixed in with the soil by twice plowing and harrowing. Corn planted the T3th of May; kind, eight-rowed northern; the rows three feet apart one way, and liills J8 inches the other, with from six to eight kernels in a hill. Corn came up fine, and was plastered the 31st of May ; hoed the liist time the 9th and 10th of June ; the second time, 24th of June. Cultivator run through it three times. The corn began to tassel the )8th uf July, and was in full tassel the tirst of August. Up to this time the crop had looked uncommon- ly well ; but from the 1st of August, a severe drought commenced, and continued, until the crop was very materially injured. Some spots where the corn had grown most luxuriantly, withered and dried up ; other parts of the field suffered less, so that on the whole there was some more than half of a good crop, or of what there would have been if the season had continued favorable. Culling, Grinding, and Boiling. — Cut the first stalks, and made the first experiment at grinding and boiling, the 25th of August. The stalks a° this time were quite green, but the produce was quite satisfactory, and appeared quite favorable for crystalizing. The juice was very abundant, of a greenish color, very rich, thick and heavy, yet re- taining all the flavor of the corn-stalk, until after cleansing and boiling. August 30lh, made the second batch. This was boiled in a shallow sheet-iron pan, clarified and strained, according to the directions given in Mr Ellsworth's report. Other experiments were made the 4th and 7th of i^epteniber. The object of these successive experiments was mainly to determine at what time the saccharine matter was sufficiently matured to make crystal- JVNS 19, 1S4 4 a few minutes. The syrup is then removed from the fire, and again passed through the flannel strainer, when the boiling is finished, as rapidly as possible. This process, from the cutting of the stalk to taking the sugar from the fire, could not possibly iie performed in less than two hours; ant! if the batch was larger, would often exceed three. Five batches were made in one day, from which one hundred pounds of sugar were produced. The Boiler — The boiler or pan, I made of a sheet of Russian iron, turned up at the sides and ends, lapped and riveted at the corners; would hold about twentyfive gallons, five and a half in- ches deep, but from fifteen to twenty gallons is as much as would boil to advantage. This pan is placed upon an arch of brick, so that the fire comes in contact with only the bottom. Mill — To construct this was a matter of much more difficulty. Some drawings and descriptions are given by Mr Ellsworth, but little more could be known from them than that there must be three rollers, so placed and put in motion that the stalks in passing between them should receive two crush- ings. To plan and construct a mill, with the proper ized Onthellthof September, the stalks appeared in the right stage, and the cutting, grinding and boiling were commenced and continued with little intermission until the whole was completed. The method pursued in this operation, was to keep a sufficient number of hands in the field to strip the leaves or blades, and cut off the tops as fast as the elalks were wanted for use ; this labor was gen- erally performed by boys. The cornfield being at a. little distance from the mill, (he horse used for grinding was put before a light wagon, driven to the field, the stalks then cut and placed upon the wagon, (taking care to keep them straight and in order,) driven to the mill and ground without delay. A load of this kind in a light wagon, with a lum- ber box, will make a batch of from 15 to 20 gal- lons : this would be ground in about 30 miinrtes. Lime water was mixed with the juice while it was running from the mill. The juice is then strained through a flannel cloth into a pan, and heated, rath, er moderately, to the boiling point, when the scum is removed with a skimmer, then boiled rapidly for dimensions and with the strength required, so that the work of crushing the stalks should be performed with certainty and despatch, was no easy task. I flatter myself that 1 have in this been tolerably successful. The rollers and iron work, patterns, &c., for my mill, were made by A. J. Lang worthy, of Rochester, at a cost of sixtyfive dollars. The whole weight of iron is about nine hundred pounds. About one-half of the expense of the mill is in the horse power. The iron rollers being placed horizontal, it was necessary to have a horse-power wheel and gearing, in order to give them motion. If the more simple, and it ivould seem at first view, less expensive forms, given in Mr Ellsworth's re- port, had been adopted, placing the rollers perpen- dicular, the horse passing around them, the rollers must have been of large diameter in order to take through the length of a cornstalk at one revolution of the horse. These large rollers, when made of iron, would have been very expensive, and probably not work os fast as the small ones 1 use, giving them a quicker motion by gearing. In my mill the circumference of the rollers has such a propor- tion to their motion, that their velocity is equal to about one-sixth the velocity of the horse ; or, in other words, a cornstalk six feet long, will pass through between the rollers in the same time that the horse will walk thirtysix feet. The grinding is a beautiful operation; the amount of juice con- tained in the stalk is surprising to every one. The stalks in passing through the mill, are crushed very fine, and the juice entirely separated from them by the pressure of the rollers. Clarifying. — This has been to me a difficult, and to some extent, an unsuccessful operation. All the various methods recommended by different persons who have made some experiments on corn- stalk sugar, and all that my own experience in clarifying maple sugar could suggest, failed of producing fully the desired effect. In all the fail- ures which have been experienced to produce crys- talized sugar, the cause should be sought here. Unless the juice of cornstalks can be clarified, it is vain to expect a pure article of crystalized sugar. All the obstacles to the complete success of this enterprise are met at this point ; but that they will be completely overcome, there cannot be the least doubt. Lime water applied to the juice as soon it comes from the mill, one gill to fifteen gallor was thought to produce the best effect. But e periments were made with various other thino such as milk, eggs, charcoal, &c. ; these we used separately, and combined, but nothing ai peared to raise the scum as well and render tl juice as clear and well-flavored as the lime-wate One experiment was made by filtering the juic through sand and charcoal ; this rendered it vei transparent and improved the taste, but there ai very many objections to this process— the lengl of time required for the operation, is a sufficiei one. Straining. — This operation is performed bot before and after clarifying. The strainer use was a square yard of good new flannel, of fine te.> ture ; so great is the amount of mucilage, or ver minute particles of the cornstalk contained in th juice, that the strainer has to be rinsed in watc once or twice in straining a batch. The secon straining is rendered more difficult by the juice be ing hot, as the hands have to be used in forcin it through the cloth. Some method may yet b discovered by which all this foreign matter will b removed in the operation of skimming. Boiling — .This operation requires care and clos attention, particularly when about ready to skin and when the juice is concentrated to about thi point desired. The more rapidly this operation i; performed, the more perfect will be the ciyslaliza tion. As soon as the scum begins to rise, the fin must be regulated with care, that time may be hac for removing the scum before it shall be boiled in If the operation of boiling and skimming be wel performed, about one gallon of thick heavy scuir will be obtained from a batch of fifteen gallons The syrup, when thick and nearly done, has a very beautiful appearance, equalling in every respect the best maple syrup. To boil to the crystalizing point, (which is a very uncertain one,) requires considerable care and discrimination. The same tests that are used for maple syrup are equally ap- plicable to cornstalk ; as, for instance, when it will flake off, breaking short, from a dipper or stick or string out between the thumb and finger, from half an inch to an inch in length, is perhaps the safest test. Very great care is necgssary here, that it be brought to the right point and no more ; and also in managing the fire, as a little blaze, or too strong a heat, is most sure to scorch, and this is fatal to crystalization. Cnjslalizntion. — Difficulty has been found here by all that have made experiments with cornstalk sugar ; but perhaps every one has obtained a suf- ficient quantity that was well enough grained to satisfy them that the difficulty was somewhere in the process of manufacture. From recent observation I am inclined to think that I have kept my sugar in too cool a place. Two small parcels, left partly by accident where they received the warmth of a fire, were found well grained. But there is another difliuulty after it is well crystalized, to make the molasses separate, or drain, as it is called ; although the crystal appears to be as fine as was ever formed, still the molasses will not separate by any common methods used for maple sugar. Jimounl from, the Jlcre. — Although the quantity of stalks was so much diminished by the drought, yet six hundred pounds of sugar were obtained : this, it should be understood, is weighed when taken from the fire, and before graining has commenced. vol.. x.m.Ni>. 51. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 403 ■ it were all well grained mid the molasses eepa- .ted, the wtif;Iit of sugar would prohably not he ore than five hundred, and molasses one hund- id. In order more fully to determine the amount at might he produced from an acre of good corn, measured two square rods of the best corn I had ; e stalks were then cut, and their weight was 11)5 )mids ; after grinding, the juice weighed 09 lbs., id measured nine gallons ; from this I obtained ! 1-2 lbs. of sugar. By this it would appear, that id the whole acre been as good as the two rods bmitted lo the test, one thousand pounds would ive been the produce. And it would seem that is mu.*t be a safe calculation, as the stalks on the 'O rods were not as large as would be grown in good season. An equal amount by weight of large stalks of nk growth, and small ones that were grown ick, were ground separately ; but as no material fleience was found in the produce, my opinion is at the corn should be cultivated so thick that no rs will be produced. [Here tollows a list of items showing the e.\- :nse of raising one acre of cornstalks, including nt of land, to be $19 52.] There is no part of the business that is so te- ous as plucking the ears, stripping the leaves, and itting otf the tassel. A part of this labor was ^formed lor the fodder that might be obtained, It it was not sufficient to pay. I am unable to y what this labor would cost ; but this much is rtaiu, it is needless for the most part, as no ears ■ any amount need be raised, if the coin is sutfi- ently thick. From the best estimate that I can ake of the expense of stripping leaves and cut- 3g the tassel, 1 think that a smart hand would ;rform the work on an acre in si.x days, or for i 50; making the whole expense up to the cutting • the stalk, $24 02. It is somewhat difficult to come at the expense was at in manufacturing the acre of stalks into igar, so much was done by way of experiment, ut as 100 pounds were made one day, 1 shall take lat as my guide, and call it a day's work for two ends to make 100 weight: The amount above brought down, $24 02 To 12 flays' work making sugar, at 75 c. per diem, 9 00 To use of horse and wagon 6 days, at 37 1-2 cts. per diem, 2 25 To 3-4 cord of w ood at 9s. per cord, 1 12 Vhole exfieuse of cultivating the crop, ) ^„„ .„ and manufacturing 000 lbs. of sugar, ) '* Some credit might be given for fodder, as a large mount of loaves or blades might be saved, by a ttle extra labor while stripping them. The stalks fter beini; ground are worth something ; horses and attle eat them very greedily when they are fresh :om the mill. If good crystalized sugar of pleasant flavor shall e obtained from the corn.stalk, I see no good rea- on why its manufacture shall not become as uni- ersal as the raising of corn. Every neighborhood an as easily be supplied with its apparatus to lake sugar as to make cider. I make no doubt that a mill with wooden roll- rs would answer a good purpose for a small ope- ation, and small operations are what are wanted ; 3t no man go into this business largely until there i more knowledge on the subject. A simple mill vith two rollers, that might be built for five dollars, yould crufiii the stalk and save most of the juice. From llio Western Fanner and Gardener. PAVK.MR.NT— A RKMKDY FOR THE CUR- CULIO. Messrs. Editors — Mr J. A. Kenrick has proved from a wlmle year's experience, that salt strewed under (he phiiu tree, is an efieclual bar agam.-t the depredations of the Curculio. But I have, from an experience equally extensive, discovered a complete preventive against tlio ravages of the in- sect, and one at the same time necessary to the health and beauty of the tree, and the sizu and per- fection of the fruit. Twenty years since, I plant- ed in my garden a large number of plum trees. After waiting years, and no fruit coming to per- fection, I removed a part of the trees near to my house, and paved the ground around them wiili brick ; and every tree in the pavement yearly pro- duces a crop of fine fruit, whilst all tlioso in the open ground are destroyed by the curculio, and never till the last season perfected a single plum. Last spring, in my absence, all the plum- trees in the open ground were pruned, and all the trees escaped the ravages of the insect. Ergo — /inini'ng is an effectual remedy. I v.ill not deny that salt is equally so; but I am fond of having the reason of a thing before I give it credence. Why pruning should have this effect, I can give no possible rea- son : but one of my German tenants gave me one why salt should. "Sail," said he, "save de pork why he not save de plum .'' But even this co- gent reason does not convince me. All the effect of salt must be soon evaporated by the rains and nir. The depredations of the curculio continue till near the ripening of the fruit. Before we promulgate our great discoveries, wo should give them more than one season's lest ; and I would therefore advise all lovers of good plums, not to trust either pruning or salt. A pavement is certainly in general a safe remedy. But one rea- son can be given for it : the insect has the instinct not to deposit its egg where the young, when it falls, cannot perforate the ground to shelter itself through the winter. A Year Old. (]J=\V'e think the writer of the above somewhat unfair, to say the least of it, in his statement of ,Mr Kenrick's remedy. Mr K. did not advise the mere " strewing of salt under the trees" — hut com- pletely saturating the ground about tho trees with salt lye, and incorporating salt mud with the earth. We do not think Mr K. was without rea- son in this proceeding. Plum trees near the sea- shore and on islands in Boston harbor, have been exempt from attack by the curculio. What could cause this except the influence of salt? We do not know but that the pavement may prove the best security, but we wish to see the remedy pro- posed by Mr K. correctly stated. — Bd. Far. QJ^At a meeting of the Mass. Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, held on Wednesday, the following gentlemen were elected officers for the ensuing year : John Welles, President ; Peter C. Brooks, Isl Vice President; John C. Gray, 2d ditto; Abbot Lawrence, Recording Secretary : Benj. Guild, As- sistant ditto ; Henry Codman, Treasurer; Jusioh Quincy, Jr., Corresponding Secretary. Trustees — Daniel Webster, J. C. Warren, R. Phinney, F. G. Lowell, David Sears, and W. P. .Mason. Dr. C. T. Jackson was t hosen a member of the Society. IMPROVEMENT I.\ CATTLE DURING THE LAST CENTURY. Wo occasionally find some farmers, even at this late day, who scout the idea of any improvement in the breed of cattle, and cling lo the old fash- ioned breed with a sort of dogged petinacily which neither persuasion nor reason can overcome. We lind in Churchley'a Picture of London, which an obliging friend has lent us, the following scraps of information. In speaking of the marliela in the city, he observes that, about the year 1700, the average weight of the oxen sold in ihe London market was 370 lbs. ; of calves ."iO lbs., of sheep 28 lbs., and of lambs IS lbs. The present average »t. is, of oxen 800 lbs., of calves 140 lbs., of sheep 60 lbs., and of lambs 50 lbs. 'Ihe difference between the two average weights is sufficient to show the great improve- ment in the size of animals. Although nearly one hundred years have elapsed between the two periods of comparison, yet it may be well to ob- serve that tho improvement has been brought about during the last half of the century, by a few of the spirited farmers of the Kingdom. These farmers had, at first, to meet the opposition of their Broth- er farmers, but by perseverance and indefatigable exertion, they at length brought the stock of Eng- land to Buch a pitch of perfection that it becair.o tho best in the world, and other nations resorted thither to obtain model animals in order to bring about similar improvements in their own. — Maine Farmer. From the Albany Cultivator. CREAM CHEESE. Mrs. Reynolds, of Connecticut, desires to be in- formed of the mode of making cream cheese, men- tioned in Mr. Sotham'a communication in the Jan- uary number of the Cultivator. In reply to her inquiry, we are pleased to give the following com- munication from Mrs. Sheldrick, under whose su- perintendence the cheese spoken of by Mr. Soth- atn was made. Messrs. Editors — .\ccording to your request, I herewith send you a recipe for making cream cheese; and if any of your numerous readers can learn any thing from my experience, I shall feel most happy in communicacing what I well know to be worthy the trial of all good house-wives. Recipe. — Take one quart of very rich cream, a little soured, put it in a linen cloth and tie it as close to the cream as you can. Then hang it up lo drain for two days — take it down, and carefully turn it into a clean cloth, and hang it up for two days — then take it down, and having put a piece of linen on a deep soup-plate turn your cheese upon it. Cover it over with your linen; keep turning it every day on to a clean plate and clean cloth until it is ripe ; which will be in about ten days or a fortnight, or may be longer, as it de- pends on the heat of the weather. Sprinkle a lit- tle salt on the outside, when you turn them. If it is wanted to ripen quick, keep it covered with mint or nettle leaves. The size made from a quart of cream is most convenient, but if wished larger, they can be made so. Arabella Sheldrick. Hereford Halt, March 8, 1844. A philosopher has said that "though a man with- out money is poor, a man with nothing but money, is still poorer." 404 NEW ENGLAND FARMER SALT AS A MANURE. At a late rneetinfr of the BronriFgrnve (Knij.) Far- mers' Club, Mr H. F. Fartlun, stated somo inter- esting; I'acts relative to the use of salt ns manure. We copy from the London Gardener's Chronicle: " CiiMinion salt," he said, "has lately attracted much attention as a manure, and upon light soils it is very valuable. I have received two letters on this subject, containinor the actual e.vperience of two thorou(;hly practical agriculturists. The fol- lowing are e.ttracts : " I have used salt for agricul- tural purposes many years with success, and am thoroughly convinced of its utility. I am now ap- plying it for barley on all my lightest soils, con- taining any considerable portion of vegetable, at the rate of five to six c«t. per acre ; also on iny wheat of the autumnal sowing on the same descrip- tion of soils, and, at the same rate per acre. I did BO last year with great success. I gave it, as in other years, a fair trial, by leaving a strip in each field without the salt, which in every case plainly showed itself in the months of May and June, par- ticularly in the wheat. Our wl^eat in the latter part of May and the beginning of June, is very much subject to the red rusl, a disease very detri- mental here; but it is completely obviated by the use of salt, and the sample is much finer, the yield bfetler, and much freer from light or diseased grains when salt is applied. I last year salted a twenty- acre field of barley, at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre, leaving a strip the whole length of the field with- out salt ; at harvest, the greatest novice might have discovered the diffcreAce, the salted being very superior in sample and color. I last weelt winnowed 300 bushels of it, without having a sin- gle bushel of light — a circumstance which does not occur with us this year where salt was not used. This was grown on land which ten years ago, was considered not worth cultivating, but be- ing wonderfully improved by the use of bones and salt, it now grows as good turnips and barley as any land I have. I have also used salt very satis- factorily for fixing the ammonia in manures." Mr Matthews, the other gentleman referred to, writes as follows: " If salt were found only on the shores of South America, and imported here at the price of guano, I think it would be in more general use than it is at present. Its value no one attempts to question, but nevertlieless its application is very limited. My experience of its eflx>cts is confined to light ss, Passiflora, &c. Dahlias, (some very fine,) Carna tiotis, Violas, Verbenas, bouquets, &o. From Wm. E. Carter, Roses, Pieonies, and a giea variety ofcut flowers, bouquets, Ac. A fine branch o Kalmia latifolia ; Rhododendrons, and Magnolias o sorts, some very fine specimens From Samuel R. Johnson, a fine show of half-hard' Roses, Peeonies, and other flowers. From Hovey & Co , 30 var. of Pelargoniums, inchid ing several new Seedlings : '..'0 var of Verben.is, includ ing Gazelle, Delicatissima, Splendissima, &cr, also, 51 named varieties of Roses, several of tiie finest «eri Aspasie, Felicite, Parmentier, Capataine Sissolet, Henn Barbot, Madame Plantier, Richelieu, Mrs Rivers, Ladi Fordwick, George IV., La Tourtertlle, l.ansezeu? Painted Darnask, Moyenna, d'Audigne de la Blanchaire &.C. From Joseph Breck & Co , 50 varieties of Roses among which were La Tauterelle. Toilette do Roses Edward Jesse, Palmyra, Snow Ball, Madame Hardy and Red, White, and Luxemburg Moss, and other lint sorts: 20 varieties of Dianthus barbalus. Peonies, Per- ennial flowers of various sorts. From Parker Barnes, cut flowers and bouquets. From Messrs. Winship, Roses of sorts, Pajonies, and a great variety of Perennial and otherflowers ; bouquets From J. E. Teschemacher, 2 pots of Geraniums, 22 months from the cutting, measuring 2 feet U inches in breadth, grown entirely at the window, with no other manure but giiano and < harcoal. For the Committee, J. BRECK, Chmn. Micard of Premiums on Paonies and Roses. The judges appointed to av^ard premiums on Peonies, have attended to that duty, and respectfully report, that they have awarded to Wm. E. Carter the first premium of #3, and to Joseph Breck & Co. the second premium "f$^- Parker Barnes, Chm'n. The committee appointed to examine the Roses, do, in their opinion, award the first premium of ^5 to Messrs. Hovey & Co., the second premium of $4, to AlessrB Breck &. Co , and the third of $3, to Jolm A. Kenrick. Phe Bourbon and China Roses, not having the number of varieties required, the committee do not think proper to award a premium for thein. Wm. E. Carter, W.M. Meller, R. M. COPELAND. EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. From J. F. Allen, Salem, fine specimens of Grapes, of the following varieties: Black July, White Chasselas, Ferral, or Black Portugal, White Frontinac. Chasselas de Bar sur-aube. Muscadine, and Black Hamburg; also Golden Nectarines, very handsome, and a larire dish of very fine Black St. Michael Figs. From Hnzen Hazelline, Hav"ethill, fine Black Ham- burg and White Chasselas Grapes. From J. P. Cushing's garden, by Mr Haggerston, very fine and large Black Hamburg, Sweetwater, (Jrisley Frontignac, White Frontinac, and Muscat of Alexan- dria Grapes. From E. K. Whilaker, Needham, very large Straw- berries. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Strawberries, viz: Melh- yen Castle, very handsome ; also. Early Virginia and Hovey's Seedling. Friim A. H. Hovey, Cambridge, fine Hovey's Seed- ling Strawberries. From the garden of Mrs. Howard, Brookline, by T. Nugent, fine Black Hamburg Grapes. From J. Bumstead, Keen's Seedling Strawberries. From Hovey it Co., Hovey's Seedling StrawbHrries. For the Committee, P. B. HOVEY. VegelabUs.—A fine Cucumber was exhibited by Mr Ol,, XXII, NO. 51. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 40^ imes Galvin, gardener to George Jones, Esq., of iVew- ort. Mr Samuel Wnlker eiliibiled 6 stalka of Rhubarb, 'eigliing; 1-4 lbs.; remarkable line. JNO. A. KENRICK. TIIERMO.METKICAL. Rfpiirledfor Ihe .New Kiipl.-ind Farmer. K ini^e if lite fliei monielerut the (lardenof the proprietors ill-; .Vew Englantl Farmer. (Jri^hltjn, M^-s in a shaded on lerly eX|)f>iiiire.to l he week eniiiiig June 16. June, 1S44. 1 7 A.M. 12, M. |5,I'.M. 1 Wind. onday, 10 1 61 71 1 6S N. W. uesday, II 43 63 53 N. W. 'ednesday, 12 4G 66 60 N.E. liursday, 13 53 78 57 E. ririuv, 14 56 63 59 N.E. ilurday, 15 1 51 6S 65 E inriay, 16 1 56 73 76 S. E. SRKJHTON MARKET.— MoKD»i, June 17, 1844. Kepnrleii fortlie N. E. Farmer. At market 300 Beef Cattle, 10 pairs Working Oxen, 00 Sheep and Lambs, and GOO Swine. rnicEB '— Bee/ Cattle. — Prices liave advanced, and e advance our quotations, viz. Extra $5,50. First jality,$5,'25. Second quality $4 75 a 5. Third, $4,50. 'e also noticed four sold for $5,6'2. Working Ozen.— Sales $C5, 70 and 85. Sheep. "Dull." Sales of Lambs from $1,12 to2. Old leep from $2 to 3. Several hundred Sheep unsold, ijcine. — Lots to peddle 4 1-2 for sows, and 5 1-2 r barrows. Selected lota 5 a 6. Two lots old Hogs ]-2. At retail from 5 to 6 1-2. M'HOLESALE PRICES CURRENT. Corrected icith ^reat care, uecklij. SEEDS. Herds Grass, (nominal) per hushel. Red Top to 00 cents, (,'lover — Northern, 0 to 00c. —Southern, 0 I) c. h'lax Seed. Si 50 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per lb. anary Seed, S3 00 per bushel. GRAIN. The market closes firm at our quoted rates, ith a steady demand for good mealing Corn ', siiictly prime tmmanding some advance. Cnrn — Northern, new, bushel 00 to 00— Southern, round illow, old, 00 a 00 — Southern fiat yellow, new, 60 a 61 — II. do. while 43 a 49— do New Orleans, 00 a 00 — Barley » a 00 —Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, 60 a 65 — lits.Souihern, 00 a 32— Northern do. 33 to 36 — Beans, per tshel 1 00 a 1 62. — Shorts, perdouble bush. 23 a 25--Bran, I- a 20. FLOUR. Until near the close of the week an uuusual ilness prevailed for all descriptions, and prit-es had a fur- er downward teudeocy. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $4 75 a 0 on— do. harf, S4 62 a 0 00— do. free of garlic, S4 73 a 0 00— Phila- ilphia iln. 4 mos. S4 62 a 0 00 — Frederickshurg, low I'd 4 08. 34 62 a 4 75 — Alexandria, wharf mounlain, 0 00 a 0 00. GeoTEelown, S4 75 a 5 no — Richmond Canal, S4 75 a 0 00 do. Ciiy,80 00ai)00— Petersliurgh.South side 34 87 a 0 00 ■do. Country S4 75 a 0 00 — Genesee, common, cash, S4 68 a 75— do fancy brands *4 87 a 5 12 — Ohio, via Canal, 1 00 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash 34 50 a'4 73. Rye, I 50 a 0 00— IndiaT Meal in bids. S2 87 a 3 00. PROVISIONS. The market for Pork continues firm at ir previous quotations, which are contioued. Beef dull, id prices without much change. Beef— Mess 4 i lo, new bbl. $6 75 a 7 50— Navy— 86 00 a 60.— No. 1, 85 50 a 5 75— do Prime 64 00 a 4 25— Pork— lira clear 4 mo. bbl. 800 00 a 00 00— do Clear 810 00 a II 00 ). Mess, $8 00 a 8 60— do Prime SO 60 a 7 00— do Mess jm other States,— a do Prime do do 80 00 n 0 00 I. Cargo do. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do SooOOaOOOO- liter, shipping, 15 a 18— do store, uninspected, 10 a 12 — do iry, 13 cts. a 20— Lard, No. I, Boston ins. 00 a 0 —do lulh and Western, 5i a 6J — Hams, Boston, 7 a 7^ — lutbern and Western, 6 a 6.^ — Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 meal, a 4 J —do new milk, 4i a 5\- WOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- irtation shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, 5 per cent, ad .1. All whereol the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per . ad. val. and 3 cls- per pound. Sales of this article have been made during the week, lo fair extent, without any essential change in prices. The ool of the new clip begins to come into market, in small quantities, but operations lo much extcDt have not as yet been made. Prune or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 43 a 48 c. — Amer- ican full blood d" 43 a 45 — Do 3-4 do 37 a 40 — Do. I -2 do 33 a 35 -1-4 anil common do 28 a 32 — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a a.'i— Do. unwashed, 10 a 17 — Bengasi do 6 a 13 — Saxony, clean 00 — Hueiios Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do. do. [licked, 10 a 15— Superfine Norihirii pulled lamb 37 a 40 — Nc. I do. do. do. 32 a 33— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30— No. 3 do do do 18 a 20- HOPS. Duly 20 per cent. l6t sort Mass 1843, lb. 7 a 8 ; 2d do 5 a 6. H A ^', 14 to 16 per ton— Eastern Screwed 89 to 10. EGGS, 12. RKVOL.VIIVG flORSK RAKK. The Revolving Rake, which has been in general use in most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most useiul and labor .'aving machines now in use. One man and horse, with a boy lo lead, will rake on an averaije from 25 lo 30 acres per day, with ease, and do the work well. They are coming into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubt, in a few years, supersede the use of the common hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person using it does not have to stop the horse to uiihiad ihe rake. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. June 4. GRAIN CRADLICS. The Grain Cradle is an article which is coming into very general use in the New England States where they were till of late but little known, although they have been in very general use in the southern and western Stiites, for many years, and which is found to be decidedly the best mode of harvesling grain, as it is supposed one man will cradle five acres in a day when he cannot reap more than one. The difference in gathering a crop is so much in favor of crad- ling, that wc must suppose that it will be the only mode adopted hereafter, and the grain cradle will become of as much use, as an implement of husbandry, as the plow now is There has been a very great improvement in Ihc manu- facturing of this arlicle, they are now made on the most improved plan; the scythe is well secured and finished in a superior manner and made of the best cast steel. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. June 4. BENJAMIN BANGS. No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named article, which has been much approved of in England, and as far as used in this country has been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants generally. Boston, March 20, 1344. 3m JOSEPH RRECK di CO., NEW E.NGLAND ^grindlural tVuTihouse AND SSED STORE. 5| and 52 North Market Street, Boston JOSEPH BRECK & CO. having received a lull and gen- eral assorlment of FIELD, GRASS, GARDEN and FLOW ER SEEDS, worthy of cultivation, confitlently recommend them as being pure and of the first qualities, unmixed with other varieties; they have no hesitation in saying that their cohection of Seeds is Ihe best, and of ilie greatest variety ever offered for sale at any establishment iii the U. Stales. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly on hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz :— 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 2f'0 Common do. do, 2UD Cultivators, 100 Greene's Straw Cutters, 50 Willis' do. do. 100 Common do. do, too Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 50 do. Vege- table Cutlers, 60 Common do. do., 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Grain Cradles, loo Ox Yokes, 1500 Doz Scyllie Stones, 3000 do Austin's Rifles, 100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels, 160 do. Common do. luu do. Spades, 600 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Pateni Snailhs, 200 do. Common do., 500 do. Hay Rakes, 200 do. Garden do.. 200 do. Manure Forks, 3' Odo. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. 100 do Drafl do, 300 do. Tie up do, 50 doz. Halter do, 1000 yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stoues on Rollers. JOSEPH BRECK & CO., N. E. .Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store, 61 ) and 52 North Market Street, Boston. S LACTO-IIETERS A simple instrument for testing the qualitv of milk. For sale at the N E Farmer Office. JOS. BftECK &. CO. GARDENER'S KNIVES, And other implements for garden purposes, in great va- riety and of superior qii,ality. For sale at the N.E. Agri- cultural Warehouse, No. 61 and 52, N Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. HOKTlCiJIiTURAI, TOOLS. A few cases of superior Horiicultural Tools, for gentle- men or ladies' use. For sale by JOS BRECK & CO. 61 and 52 North Market Street. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLLERS. Grindstones of difTerent sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved with a foot Ireader, are louiid lobe a great improve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satisfaclion. The rollers can be attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK & Co., No. 51 North Market street. FINE BONE MANCRE. "The subscribers have on hand. Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bone Manure, mixed with the marrow of the lone. It was produced from a maiufaclnry when the bone was saw- ed in a wet state. It must be a very valuable arlicle. Also, Filly Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- pally saw dust, and the refuse of a manufactory. March 20, 1844. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. SCVTHES, &C. SCYTHES, RIFLES, and SNAITHS, of the most ap- proved kinds, for sale low, at the New England Agricultu- ral Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 and 52 North Market Street. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. CCLTIVATORS. ' A lot of prime Cultivators, for sale cheap at the N.E. Agricultural Warehouse, 51 and 62 Norlh Market Street. JOS. BRECK & CO. HOES. The best "kind in the Market. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. 408 NEW ENGLAND FARMER JVSE 10, IS44. MISCELLANEOUS THE GOOD MINISTER. A TRUE STORY. Some years since, there lived in the town of S., Ma.ssachusftts, a most practical and good minis- ter, by tlie nnme of P Two of his parish- ioners by tlie names of White and Hagar, lived on the opposite sides of a beautiful little pond that was full of pickerel. White was a rich farmer, and lived in a two story huiise : Hagar was a poor day laborer, with several small children, and lived in a little loj^-liiit on the very brink of the pond. Both were members of the chnrch. On a cold Sabbath morning in January, farmer White started at an early hour for church, and, it being nearer, instead of going by the road, he cut across the pond upon the ice. But how was he mortified to find his poor brother Hagar upon it, fshing. Fishing on the holy Sabbath! Ho ap- proached him at or.ce, and with a stern voice, and a feeling of deeply offended piety, reprimanded him for his great wickedness. Hagar attempted to reply, but While would not hear him. Hagar said he hnd a good excuse, and that his brother White would not only forgive, but even justify him, if he would only consent to hear. But no, no he would lay the matter before the church, was the only reply. Accordingly, as soon as meeting was over, he accompanied parson P. a short distance on the road, and related to him the great wickedness he had witnessed in Hagar, in the morning. Parson P. though of a mild and amiable temper, felt as though Hagar ought to be brought to judgment, and made- an example of. Accordingly, the first time he met him, the subject was Jtroached with all due form and gravity, as in days, of yore, was customary in cases of such heinous offences. The story of tanner White was repented, and the parson asked if it was true. Hagar replied in the afhrniaiive, stating also the fact that brother White refused to hear an explanation, which he desired to give, and which he now proposed to state. '• Well," said the parson, nuldly, " what is it?" " Why," said Hagar, " I worked for Mr B., till late on Saturday night, and expected to gei something to lust my family over Sunday, at .Mr G.'s stiire, on my way home. But it was shut up, and I got nothing. We had nothing hut a few potatoes in the house, and I told Mrs Hagar that I would go out on the pond and catch three pickerel. She made no answer. And accordingly, in the morning, just as I had cut a hole in the ice, and put my hook in the water, brother \\ hite came along, and reprimanded me as he told you. I thought 1 was doing right. I was but a few rods from my house, and I knew not wiicre else to go for dinner. I was very thankful when the first fish bit. I kept my"mind meditating on religious truths all the time, and just so soon as F had the three I warited, I went home. I was so thankful when we came to the table, that we had been pro- vided with something to cat. We went to church in the afternoon, and I don't think we did wrong. What else could a poor man do, who had nothing for his wife and children to eat for the day, but a handful of pnor potatoes ?" The parson gave him some good words of advice and comfort, and tlicy parted. In the course of a few days, he met farmer White, who asked hi.u, straight" ay, if he had seen Hagar. " Yes," was the reply. " What did he say ?" The pardon related to hiin Hagar's story, and then said — " Brother White, don't you have a warm dinner on Sundays .'" " Why, yes," said the farmer, somewhat surprised. " How do you get it, brother White ?" continueil the minister, pleasantly. "How? — why, Mrs White goes to the meat barrel, and takes nut a piece large onoui;h for the whole family's dinner, and boils, or fries if, and — " " Hold !" said the parson : " That pond, brother Wliite, is Hagar's meat barrel — it 's al] the one he has, and every body knows it. He took out just meat enough for dinner, and no more ; and, though I cautioned him not to be caught in such a difficulty again, if he could possibly avoid it, I thought upon the whole it would not be best to trouble tho church with the matter." Farmer White was a man of sense, and he ad- milted that the good parson was right. The pond, he said, was Hagar's meat barrel, and no mistake ; and he should say nothing !iiore about the matter. The apostles plucked the ears of corn on the Sabbath, and ate, because they were "an hunger- ed," and the Jews complcined of them to their Master. What was his reply ? Child Killed by a Cat The Pottsville (Pa.) Emporium has the following : — On Tuesday last, an infant daughter of Dr. George H. Brandlner, in this borough, came to its death in a very sudden and singular manner. The mother left her babe asleep in the cradle, up stairs, whilst engaged be- low in domestic affairs — and after a short time had elapsed, returned to look after it, when, sad to re- late, she found a cat silling directly upon ila breast, and apparently engaged in sucking its breath, and on taking up the child, found that it was lifeless. Every possible expedient was used to' resuscitate it, but the vital spark had fleil. JCild Oats. — In his early days. Lord Chief Jus- tice Holt gave but little promise of future emi- nence. He had a great many " wild oats" to sow, and it took him a great while to sow them. Many of the associales of his younger years were un- principled, and socm became abandoned. One of ihein, while Justice Hull presided in the Court of the King's Bench, was tried for iiighway robbery, convicted, and sentenced to be executed. After sentence had been passed, the Chief Justice in- tpiired of him what had become of Jack such a one, Bill such a one, and the rest of the gang ? " Alas, my lord," said the criminal, with a low bow, " ihey are all hanged but your lordship and myself.'^ We heard an anecdote the other day, and here it is. Before this County (Norfolk) was set off from Suffolk, our people had to go to Boston to at- tend the courts. It happened that one of our townsmen, doubtless a very worthy man, was drawn as a juror, and had to go and listen to the many contradictory stories of witnesses and lawyers, un- til he was quite tired of it. On his return, one of his neighbors asked him what they were doing at Court. " Well," said he, " I do n't know ; if they all tell the truth, some of them lie like fury." — JVorfuUc Dan. " My son, tell me who was the strongest man ? "Jonah." "Why so?" "Because the whale could n't h(dd him afler he got him down." "You need n't study the catechism any more at present SAYI.B'S GAROBPI ENGINES. A splendid article, will throw a constant stream of waK to the distance of 60 to 60 feet, with greal forte, and in cas of fire would I'e a sulislilule for a fire engine. The moi perfect article for the purpose ever introduced. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse aud Seed Stoi INos. 31 and 52, North iWarket Street. JOS. BRECK &. CO. Boston, June 4. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH, Gr^at improvements have been made the past year in tl form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould hcai has heen so lormed as to lay the furrow completely one turning in erery particle of grass or sluhble, and tearing tl ground in tfie best possible manner. The length of ll mould hoard has heea very murh increased, so that tl Plough works with the greatest ease, hoth wiih respect ' the holding and the team. The Coinmillee a t the lale In of Ploughs at Woreester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to wliich of the Plougl we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say the inquirer, if your land is mostly liglit ami easy to wiir try Prouty & Mears, hut if your land is heavy, h.ir'd orrucj, BEGIN WJTH Mh. HoWARD'S.'' At the ahnve mentioned trial the Howard Pli^ugh d more icork, with the same pmrer of learn, than any olh> plough exhibited. No other turned more than lwenlysci'< and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, while ll Howard. Plough turned t^ccnti/nine and one half inehes, the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhstaotial made. There has Iteen quile an improvement made on the shn or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed witliri' having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secun the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens tl Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to $15. A Ploug sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost ahm, *10 50, and with cutler Si, with wheel and culler, »2 l| extra. The atiove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, the New England Agricultural Warehouse aud Seed Stui Nos. 61 d. 62 North IVlarket Street, hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A wei;klt paper. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or ,f 2 50 if not pa within sixty days. N. B. — Postmnstnrs are permitted by law to frank ! 8nbscriptisrs. Hovey & Co. a large collection of har- dy roses, 100 varieties. Bouquets from John Hovey and Miss Sumner. From Parker Barnes, cut flowers nnd bouquets. From Samuel R Johnson, China and Hardy R finedi.^play, Pieonies, &c Vegetables Remarkable specimens of" Tuikis ' and " Palestine" Leituce, were exhibited by Cipl siah Lovett, 2d, raised from seed ref;eived from Smir two years >ince. ^ Twenty-fi.ur stalks of Myall's Victoria Rhubarb, we- exhibited by John A Kenrick, all gaihcrid frum o plant, 12 of which weighed 12 1-3 pounds. John A. Kenkkk. From John A Kenrick, Rhododendrons, Knimias Magnolia ureifolis, roses, iVc, ' From Samuel Sweeiser, G varieties of China Roses, and a beaiinful specimen of Cactus serpentiniis. From William Kenrick, a great variety of Roses, Pm- onies, and cut flowers of numerous sorts. From Messrs Winship, a circular stand filled with ro. ses in ab..ui 50 sorts, with a pyramid .if Herbaceous and other flowers ; embracing 100 varieties, making a splen- did show. The new shrub Denlzia scabra, was very WALKER'S RANUNCULUSES. Mr Samuel Walker, of Roxbury, has succeeded bringing 10 perfection a bed of splendid Ranunculi containing between one and two thousand plants, ei bracing varieties of every color and hu«, plain, spotb and variegated, which ho imported last year. We h the pleasure of looking at them yesterday : they are e cecdingly beautiful and delicate ;-those who are de,l reus to see them should call soon, as the warm wealh will soon mar their comeliness. VVe understand 1. bed will be sold without reserve at [auction tomorroi at Ihe garden, at half past four o'clock, P. M. Dire lions for cultivating will be given to purchasers. FI risls and amaleurs will do well to be present. In the horticultural report last week, for Samuel A Walker read Samuel Walker. ■^n Insect Trap.— Scoop ont the inside of a turni scollop the edge of the shell, and place it downward , the earlh The insecis will go imo ,i a. a place of , treat, and the beds ofsquashe.s melons, cucumbers, &( may thus soon be cleared of then:.— Selected. ,. XXII, NO. 53. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 415 TllKR.MOMETKICAL. Rt^pnrteittur the Nhw Knglanil l-'arniei. pulled Wool is small, and ihc (iemand fair lor ilie different qualilies. ige )f tlip riierniomeler.it the fJar pnira Working Oxeni Sheep and Lambs, and SfiO Swine. iicEs — Bee/ Cuttle. — The prices obtained last week » not sustained, and we reduce our quntdtiims, viz. a$5,-25. First quality, .$5,00. Second quality $4 50 Third quality, $4 a 4,25. orking Oxen — Sales $70, 75 and 85 eep and Lambs. Sales from $1,25 to 2 75. cine. — A lot of old Hoks 4 and 4 1-2. Lot to ppd- 4 1-8 for sows and 5 1-8 fir barrows. Small pigs 6 (i 1-2 to 7 1 a At retail from 5 to 6 1-2. WHOLESALE PniCES CURUENT. Corrected with ^reat care, loeekly. CEDS. Herds Grass, (nominal) per hushel Red Top ) 00 cents. Clover— Northern, 0 to 00c. —Southern, 0 l-'lax Seed, Si 60 per bushel. Lucerne, 33 c. per Ui. iry Seed.S3 00 per bushel. lAII^^. The transactions made comprise a large portion e arrivals, taken at some ailvance on the last weekly re. yellew flat Corn, 5« a 52c. ; a superior parcel, 32 I 2, and I'er at 51c. pei bushel ; white do. 48 12 a 49 1 2c., go very prime, 50c. per bushel. .Several parcels re- afloat unsold, held at the above prices. lu other IS there is no change. irn — rS'irtliern, new, hushel 00 to 00 — Southern, round w, oil", 00 a 00 — Southern flat yell, iw, new, 50 n 51 — do while ii a 49 — do IVew Orle.ins, 00 a 00— Barley 00 — Rye, Northern, 67 a 70— do. Southern, CO a 65 — ,Soiuhern, 00 a 32 — \orlhern do. 35 to 36 — Keaiis, per ell 00 a I 62. — Shorts, per double hush. 23 a 23 — Bran, 80. !iOUR. The market continues depressed, owing in a t meiisure to the large quantity of Flour. Ohio and other ripiious, 111 a rloiibtfiil stale, beinij otf-.-red and sold at ced rates. Dealers, loo. in view of the favorable pros- of wheat crop, and believing that the market has not ■cached its lowest point, confine their operations princi- f to immedune wants. The businnss done with trade •rally, has also been exceedingly limned. alliinore, Howard Street, 4 nios. cr. $4 75 a 0 0"^— do. rf, S4 62 a 0 00— do. free of garlic. S4 75 a 0 00-Phila- hia do. 4 mos. £4 62 a 0 00 — Fredericksburg, low I'd 4 . S4 52 a 4 75— Alexandria, wharf mountain, o on a 0 00, eoreciown, »4 75 a 5 00 — Richmond Canal, S4 75 a 0 00 I. CTi'v »n 00 a 0 00— Petersburgh, South side SI 87 a 0 00 I. Couiitrv*4 75 a 0 00 — Genesee, common, cash, 34 68 a — do faiiey brands S4 87 a 5 12— Ohio via Canal, 0 a 0 00— do do New Orleans, cash S4 5ii a 4 75. Rye. 0 a n nil -Indian Meal in bids i2 87 a 3 00. RO VISIONS. There has been a steady but limited de- id for Pork, at prices ranging according to the last re- . Some inferior lots have been sold at lower rates f is exceedingly dull of sale, and prices in a measure lincl. Nothing of consequence doing in Lard, and form- rices continued. ;ef— M'ss 4 mo new bbl. SO 75 a 7 50 — Navy— 86 00 a .—No. 1, S5 50 a 5 75— do Prime S4 00 a 4 25— Pork— •1 clear 4 mo bbl. SOO 00 a 00 00— do Clear »10 ilO a 1 1 00 Mess, 88 ou a 8 50 — do prime »6 50 a 7 00— do Mess 1 other Stales, — a do Prime do do $0 00 a 0 00 ;3argodo. 0 00 a 0 00 —Clear do do *00 00 a 00 00 — er, shipping, 15 a 18 — do store, uninspected, 10 a 12 — tlo J-, tacts. a'2o — Lard, No. 1, Boston ius. 00 a 0 —do II and Western, 5i a'6J — -Hams, Boston, 7 a rj — he and Western, 6 a 6J— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal, li — do new milk, 4i a Sj, 'OOI,. Duty. The value whereof at the place of el- ation shall not exceed 7 els. per pound, 5 per cent ad AT whereoi the value exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 40 per id. val. and 3 cts per pound. leeee Wool of the new clip begins to come to market, we have heard of no sales to any extent. The stock of REVOLVING horse: RAKB. The Revolving Rake, which has been in general use in most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is found to be one of the most usetui and labor ^aving machines now in use. One man and horse, with a boy lo lead, will rake on an average from 25 to 3ii acres per "day, with ease, and do the work well. They are coming into very general use in all parts of the country, and will, no doubl, in a few years, supersede ihe use of the common hand rake. There is a great advantage in this rake over all others, as the person using it does not have lo stop the horse to unload the rake. For sale at the New Kngland Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. June 4. GRAIN CRADLKS. The Grain Cradle is an article which is coming into very general use in the New England States where they were till of late but little known, although they have been in very general use in the southern and western States, for many years, and which is found to he decidedly the best mode of harvesting grain, as it is ^ opposed one man will cradle live acres in a day when he cannot reap more than one. The difference in gathering a crop is so much in favor of crad- ling, that we must suppose that it will be the only mode adopted hereafter, and the grain cradle will become of as much use,as an implement of husbandry, as the plow now is. There has been a very great improvement in the manu- facturing of this article, they arc now made on the most improved plan ; the scythe is well secured and finished in a superior manner and made of ibe best cast steel. For sale at the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. June 4. BENJAMIN BANGS, No. 39 & 40, Lewis' Wharf, has for sale, a quantity of the above named article, which has been much approved of m England, and as far as used in this country has been found highly beneficial on grass land, trees and plants gen"rally. BostoD,.March20, 1844. 3m CO., JOSEPH BRECK & NEW E.NGLAND Ai^ricultural ll'ureliuuse S.^ED STORE. 6] and 52 Niirlli Market Street, Boston JOSEPH BRECIv & CO having received a loll and gen- eral assoriment of FIELD, GRA.--S, GARDEN and FLOW ER SEED.S. worthy of culiiv,iiiiin, confidenily recoininend them as being pure and of the first qualiues, unmixed with other varieties; they have no hesitation in saying that their coi.eciion of Seeds IS the best, ami ol the greatest variety ever offered for sale at any establishment in the U. Slates. AGRICULTURAL BOOKS of all kinds, constantly o» hand. AGRICULTURAL AND GARDEN IMPLEMENTS of all kinds, among which are the following, viz :- 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs, 20 Common do. do, 200 Cultivators, lOu (Jreeiie's Straw Cutlers, 5ii Willis' do. do. too Common do. do, too Willis' Patent Corn Shellers, 50 Common do. do, 200 Willis' Seed Sowers, 60 do. Vego- table Cuiier.s, 5ii Common do. do,, 200 Hand Corn Mills, 200 Giain Cradles, lou Ux N okes, 13U0 Doz. .'^cylbe Stone*, 3U00 do Austin's Rifles, lon doz. Cast Steel Shovels, lOn do. Common do. lOO do. Spades, 500 do. Grass Scythes, 300 do. Poleni Suaiths,200 do. Common do.,5o0do. Hay Rakes, 200 do Garden do., 200 do. Manure Forks, 3i0do. Hay do. 500 Pair Trace Chains, 100 do. Truck do. I no do Draft do, 500 do. Tie up do, 50 doz Halter do, lOuO yards Fence do, 25 Grind Stones on Rollers JOSCPH BRECK & CO,, N. E. ."Vgricullural Warehouse and Seed Store, 51 / and 52 North Market Street, Boston. \ LiACTO.HETERS. A simple instrument for testing the quality of milk. For sale at the N E Farmer Office. JOS. BftECK & CO. UARDENER'S KMVES, And other implements for garden purposes, in great va- riety and of superior quality. For sale at the N. E. .Agri- cultural Warehouse, No, 51 and 52. N Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. HORTICULTl'RAl. TOOLS. A few cases of superior Horiicuhural Tools, for gentle- men or ladies' use. For sale by JOS BRECK & CO 51 and 52 North Market Street. GRINDSTONES ON FRICTION ROLL-ERS. Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollers ana moved with a foot treader. are found lobe a great improve- ment on the old mode of baii2:ing grindstones. Slones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universalsati.-faciion. The rollers can fie attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK & Co., No. 51 North Marketstreet. FINE BONE IHANTRE. The subscribers have on hand, Fifty Barrels of fine pul- verised Bone Manure, mixed with the marrow of the lone. It was produced from a inaniifactory when llie bone was saw- ed in a wet slate. It must be a very valuafde article. >Also, Filly Barrels fine Bone Dust, in a dry state, princi- aw dust, and the refuse of a manufactory. March 20, 1844^ JOSEPH BRECK & CO. SCYTHES, d^C. SCYTHES, RIFLES, and SNAITHS, of the most ap- proved kinds, for sale low, ot the New England Agricultu- ral Warehouse and Seed Store, 5i and 62 North Market Street, JOSEPH BRECK & CO. CCl,TIVATORS. ~ A lot of prime Cultivators, for sale cheap at the N. E. Aericultural Warehou!c,5l and 52 North .Market Street. JOS. BRECK & CO. HOES. The best kind in the Market For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. 416 NEW ENGLAND FARMER. JVyE 26, IS44. MISCELLANEOUS. The Irish believe (as is well known,) that St. Patrick banished all the snakes and toads from the " EniPrald Isle." The following quotation is given as a sample of the manner in which the laudable deed is handed down to posterity : — " Success to bold St. Patrick's fist ! He was the saint so clever — He gave the snaUes and toads a twist, And banished ihem forever : There's not a mile in Erin's isle, where nasty varmint musters — Where'er he put his blessed foot, he murthered them in clusters ! The frogs went hop, the lf)ads went flop, slap-dash into the water, The bastes committed suicide to save themselves from slaughter." Anecdote of Burns. — Being in church one Sun- day, and having some difficulty in procuring a seat, a young lady who perceived liim, kindly made room for him in her pew. The sermon was upon the terrors denounced by the scriptures upon sinners, ■nd the preacher quoted several passages, to en- force his point, to which the lady seemed particu- larly attentive, and somewhat agitated. Burns, on perceiving this, wrote with a pencil on a leaf of her bible, the following lines — . "Fair maid, you need not take the hint, Nor idle texts pursue — 'T was only sinners that he meant, Not ungels such as you." Jump up, Girls ! — The editor of the Portland Express, in discoursing upon early rising, talks in thiswise: '' Up with you! Mary, Ellen, Abby, Sarali, Olive, Caroline, Eliza, Jane, Hannah, and all the rest of you girls, arouse — wake up — rise, and see the sun rise, and brush away the dew from the beautiful grass. You not only lose the best portion of the day by lingering in bed, but you de- press your spirits and contract sluggish habits. What if you are sleepy ? Jump out of bed — fly round — stir about, and in a few moments you will be bright as larks. We would n't give a straw for girls who won't get up in the morning. What are they good for? Lazy, dumpish creatures — Our advice to young men who are looking out for wives, would be — never choose a female who do- zes away the precious morning hours." Female Education Hannah More has truly re" marked that " to know how to groio old gracefully is one of the rarest attainments of lile. " When admirers fall away," continues Miss More, " and flatterers become mute, the mind will be driven to retire into itself; and if it finds no entertainment at home, it will be driven back again upon the world with increased force. Yet, forgetting this, do we not seem to educate our daughters e.\clu- sively for the transient period of youth, when it is to mnturer life we ought to look ? Do we not edu- cate tliem for a crowd, and not lor themselves ? — for show, and not for use.'" The fjllowing sensi- ble remarks upon this subject, we abstract from the "Port Folio": " When a man of sense comes to marry, it is a companion that he wants, not an artist. It is not merely a creature who can paint and play, sing and dance : it is a woman who can comfort and counsel him ; one who can reason and reflect, and feel and judge, and discourse and discriminate ; one who can assist him in his affairs, lighten his sorrows, piirily his joys, strengthen his principles, and edu- cate his children. Such is the woman who is fit for a mother and a wife — to be a helpmate for a man, and to 'train up a child in the way he should go.'" Reproof. — "Who hath redness of eyes?" This scripture interrogatory is well illustrated by an an- ecdote related with most effective dryness by a friend of ours. An elderly gentleman, accustomed to indulge in frequent potntions of Cogniac, enter- ed the bar-room of an inn, in the pleasant city of H , on the Hudson, where sat a grave Quaker, toasting his toes by the fire. Lifting a pair of green spectacles upon his forehead, rubbing his in- flamed eyes, and calling for a hot brandy toddy, he seated himself by the fire, and remarked to the old Quaker that " his eyes were getting weaker, and that even spectacles did n't seem to do 'em any good." " I'll tell thee, friend," replied the Qua- ker, " what I think. I think if thee was to wear thy spectacles over Ihy mouth for a few months, thy eyes would get sound again." — Knickerbocker. " Sam, does n't your scliool-master ever give you any rewards of merit ?" "Yes: he gives me a lickings every day, and aays F merits two." Death from Vontamination by a Corpse. — A poor woman named Owen, residing in Colchester, was, a short time since, engaged to "lay out" a corpse for interment, and on entering the cottage of the deceased for that purpose, slightly scratched her finger with the latch. Having performed the re- quired duty, she relurnod home, and shortly after, her hand became painfully inflamed, which in- creased BO much that medical aid was obtained. The fatal poison had, however, reached the springs of life, and, after lingering in great agony for sev- eral weeks, she died a few days ago. — Essex (Eng.) Standard. Mr Timothy Tucker, of Milton, tells us he has been suffering for a month past, in consequence of assisting a neighbor whose cow, as the phrase is, had cast htr withers, in calving. The parts had been restored to place two or three times, and had consequently become lacerated and diseased. Mr Tucker laid bare his arm to effect his object; his arm had a slight scratch on it, and he supposes that some of the putrid fluid has affected him through this slight wound. His arm soon swelled up, and he has been long unable to use it. This is a very strong case to show that caution is necessary in handling diseased bodies. It is not incredible to suppose that the putrid blood of a dead animal may poison a living being, though the inocculation be as slight as in the cases of small pox or kine pox. But this case goes still farther: the putrid blood of a living animal is ca- pable of great mischief, and there may be cases where it may prove fatal. — Mass. Ploughman. SAYLE'S GARDEN ENQtIVES. A splenHid arlicle, will throw a constant stream of wa to the distance of 511 to 60 leet, with great forte, and in c: of tire would l-e a suhslitute for a tire engine. The m perfect article for the purpose ever introduced. For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse aud Seed Sti Nos. 51 and 52. North Market Street. JOS. BRECK &. CO Boston, June 4. Curious Welsh Sign Board. — A cobler's shop in North Wales, has on it the following words : — " Pryce Dyer, cobler, dalor in pigtail, bacon and ginger bred ; ogs laid every morning by me and hot muffins ; in the sumer gentlemen and lady can have good tae and crumpets and strawbery and crame — with skim-milk because I can't get no crume. N. B. shuse and boots mended very well. When I ain't in Peggy waits on custumers." HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvements have heen made the past year in form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the m'ould Ik has heen so formed as to lay the fiirrme complriely oi turving in every particle of grass or stubhi-e, and leaving ground in the best possible manner. The length of mould hoard lias been very much Increased, so that Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect the holding and the team. The Committee at the late li of Ploughs at Worcester, say, " Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Plnui we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps saj the inquirer, it your land is mostly light ami easy to wi try Prouty & Mears, hut if your /anrf is heavy, hard orroc BEGIN WITH Mh. HoWABD's.'' At the above metif.oned trial the Howard Plough i more xoork, with the same pawer of team, than any oi, plough exhibited. No other turned more ihan twentysei and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while Howard Plough turned twentynine and one half inches the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howar Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhstantis made. There has heen quite an improvement made on the sh or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed willii having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise seen the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens Plough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 toSl.^. A Ploiii' sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost alic- tlO 50, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, »2 extra. The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stii) Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. NEW ENGLAND FARMER. A WEEKLT PAPER. Terms, $2 per year in advance, or $2 50 if not pi within sixty days. N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frank subscriptions and remittances for newipapers, with) expense to subscribers. TOTTLl AND DENKETT, PRINTERS* 21 School Street. DEC 1989 V HJSFT