Ue Seo MII re SH ISSUED BY AUTHORITY FAHIBITION NEWFOUNDLAND ITS FISHERIES AND GEYZRAL RESOURCES BY Str AMBROSE SHEA, K.C.M.G. LONDON = WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Lamrrep / (<< 13 CHARING CROSS, S.W. me — Price {SIXPENCE PAPERS OF THE CONFERENCES Held in connection with the GREAT INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION. Demy 8vo., in Illustrated Wrapper. Price Sixpence each. INAUGURAL MEETING: ADDRESS. By Brotesso Hux.ey, P.R.S. H.R.H. the Prince or WALES (President of the Commission) in the Chai Nor ON THE SEA FISHERIES AND FISHING POPULATION F THE UNIFED KINGDOM. By H.R.H tHe DvuxKE oF EpinpurGn, K.G._ 1s. THE FISHERY eee OF THE UNITED STATES. By Pro- fessor BRown Goonr, M OYSTER CULTURE “AND OYSTER FISHERIES IN THE NETHER- LANDS. Bvy Professor HUBRECHT eee OF FISHERY LEGISLATION. By Right Hon. G. SHAw- LEFEVRE, ON THE CULTURE OF SALMONIDAE AND THE ACCLIMA- TISATION OF FISH. By Sir James Ramsay Gipson MAITLAND, Bart. FISH DISEASES. By Professor HUXLEY, P.R.S. oe pCO Oras CONDITION OF FISHERMEN, By Professor LEONE THE ‘FISHERIES OF CANADA. By L. Z. Joncas. PRESERVATION OF FISH LIFE TW RIVERS BY THE EXCLU- SION OF TOWN SEWAGE. By the Hon. W. F. B. Massey MAINWARING SORES: MUSSELS, WHELKS, &c., USED FOR FOOD OR BAIT. By CHartEes HaRDING. COARSE FISH CULTURE. By R. B. Marston. ON THE FOOD OF FISHES. By Dr. F. Day. THE HERRING FISHERIES OF SCOTLAND. By R. W. Durr, M.P. LINE FISHING. By C. M. MuNDAHL. wee RAN: SPORT AND FISH MARKETS. By His Excellency SPENCER FOREST “PROTECTION AND TREE CULTURE ON WATER FRONTAGES. By D. How1tz, Esq. SEAL FISHERIES. By Captain TEMPLE. FISH AS FOOD. By Sir Henry THompson. STORM WARNINGS. By R. H. Scorr. On THE DESTRUCTION OF FISH AND OTHER AQUATIC ANIMALS &Y INTERNAL PARASITES. By Professor Connon, F.R.S., F.L.S. 2 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXHIBITION, By Professor E. Ray LANKESTER. A aaron ats FISHERY SOCIETY FOR GREAT BRITAIN. By C. E. FRVER. CRUSTACEANS. By T. CorNIsH. TRAWLING. By AveED: feet THE BASIS FOR LEGISLATiCN ON FISHERY QUESTIONS, By Lieut.-Col. F. G. Sové. MACKEREL AND PILCHARD FISH LERTEB- By T. CorNIsH. ARTIFICIAL CULTURE OF LOBSTERS. By W. SAVILLE KENT. FRESHWATER FISHING (other than eairion): By J. P. WHEELDON. SALMON AND SALMON FISHERIES. By David MILNE Homg, F.R.S.E. THE FISHERIES OF IRELAND. By J. C. BLoomri£=p. ON IMPROVED FACILITIES FOR THE CAPT UR, ECONOMIC TRANSMISSION. AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEA FISHES, AND HOW THESE MATTERS AFFECT IRISH FISHERIES. By R. F. Watsu, of Kinsale. NOTES ON THE FISH SUPPLY OF NORWAY. By Freprik M. \VALLEM. THE FISHERIES OF SPAIN. By Lieut.-Col. FRANcIsco Garcia SOL, THE SWEDISH FISHERIES. By Professor F. A. SMITT. A SKETCH OF THE FISHERIES OF JAPAN. By Nartnori OKosHI NEWFOUNDLAND; ITS ana saesiat AND GENERAL RE. SOURCES. By Sir Peano SHEA, K.C WEST AFRICAN FISHERIES ; vr. ree Metumeces 5 ENCE TO THE GOLD COAST COLONY. By Captain C. A. Motoney, C.\ RIVER POLLUTION BY REFUSE FROM MINES ‘AND “MANU- FACTORIES, TOGETHER WITH REMEDIES PROPOSED. By V. B. BarrincTon- KENNETT, M.A., LL.M. THE FISHERIES OF CHINA. By J. DUNCAN CAMPBELL. FISH PRESERVATION AND REFRIGERATION. By J. K. Kirzourn, IN THE PRESS. PRACTICAL FISHERMEN’S CONGRESS, Under the Presidency of Mr, Epwarp BIRKBECK, THE FISHERIES OF THE BAHAMAS. By Aucustus ADDERLEY. WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LimireD, 13, Charing Cross, S.W. oo, Jad a MOU 05 5 19% 4 Lnternational Fisheries Exhibition Fist 1 ON DOIN; F883 NEWFOUNDLAND 19 BSS) aE SE Rees AND GENERAL RESOURCES/ BY sir AMBROSE SHEA, K.C.M.G. LONDON \WAte ei CLOW ES AND SONS) LiMitED 13 CHARING CROSS, S.W. 1883 Lnternational Ffusheries Lexhibition LONDON, 1883 CONFERENCE ON 24TH OCTOBER, 1883. Mr. FUNG YEE, Secretary of the Chinese Legation, in the Chair. ON NEWFOUNDLAND: ITS FISHERIES AND RESOUREES IN €CONNECGHION ot eR eV ee Mr. CHAIRMAN,—Up to a recent period the colony of Newfoundland, which I represent, has occupied a singu- larly paradoxical position. It is the oldest and nearest of England’s colonial possessions, and yet is in the mother country the least known of them all, and the subject of confused ideas regarding climate, social condition, and general characteristics. From time to time stories of more or less accuracy or fulness of description, regarding histo- rical and general events, have appeared, but have not attracted to any extent the attention of the British public, nor have they materially assisted in diffusing information or removing injurious impressions, which have for so long a period placed the colony in a false position. Recently, however, the subject has been taken in hand by earnest and able pens. In a work published early in the present year, the Rev. M. Harvey, of St. John’s, New- [39] B 2 4 foundland, and Mr. Joseph Hatton, of London, have, in co-operation, bestowed a long-deferred justice upon the island, and, in a clear and masterly manner, have set forth its claims as to climate, soil, and general resources. Thus the colony has at length been brought into rightful promi- nence, and, due justice having been done its famous fisheries and their exhaustless supply, it has become a public fact that we possess in addition other stores of wealth in the hitherto neglected interior, where there are sources of industry and wealth which promise to reward the enter- prise it must attract when opened up by the railway in course of construction under the auspices of the Newfound- land Government. The colony possesses a strange and eventful history. From its discovery in 1497 it has gone through every conceivable vicissitude of disputed possession and claims for sovereignty. A century passed after its discovery ere England concerned herself with the island, nor did she then share to any extent in the fisheries, which were prosecuted chiefly by Portuguese and the fishermen of the Basque provinces. In 1578 some four hundred vessels were em- ployed in the cod fishery. Of these seven-eighths were French, Spanish, and Portuguese, England owning but fifty of the total. No attempt was made at this period to colonise the island. The fishermen resorted to the coast at the beginning of the season, and returned to their several countries on the approach of winter. This long- continued indifference of the English Government to the value of Newfoundland was at length brought to a close, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by the enterprise and decided action of Sir Humphry Gilbert, a knight of Devon- shire. In 1583, in the presence of men of various nation- alities whom he had summoned to meet him, the knight 5 read a commission from the Queen, authorising him to take possession of the island in her name. This was the first act of declared sovereignty; but it was not followed by any immediate efforts at settlement. No doubt this was in a great degree owing to the death of Sir Humphry Gilbert, which took place soon after the annexation to the crown. Subsequent attempts to colonise were fitful and ineffec- tive. While the sovereignty was de jure in England, the French were busily engaged in planting fishing settlements on the coast. Indeed, at the present period, the fishing ports, smaller harbours, and bays of the island are a mélange of corrupted French and Portuguese nomenclature. For many years a bitter struggle existed between French and English for the mastery of the island. This frequently resulted in serious conflicts, in which the former were rarely even temporarily successful. Notwithstanding these disasters, the French managed to retain a hold over a portion of the coast, and to this day, owing to the supine- ness of the home Government, possess certain rights upon “the French shore.” In 1762, the French made their last organised attempt to obtain possession of Newfoundland ; and, owing to treachery and the surprise of idden attack, were for a time successful, but the arrival of British troops resulted in their disastrous defeat, and effectually estab- lished the since unquestioned right of British sovereignty. But, even after the removal of these obstacles to settle- ment, the anti-social policy, which controlled Government and commercial operations for more than half a century of undisturbed British rule, was not less repressive. In short, these two agencies worked together in remarkable com- bination of intolerance. This wretched policy was, about the year 1820, terminated by the establishment of regularly constituted courts of law. Prior to that period, the adminis- 6 tration of miscalled justice had been in the hands of what- ever captain of English man-of-war happened to be, for the season, on the coast. In 1832, representative government was granted to the colony, and with it came the concomitant important steps towards progress and improvement. These have since developed into a settled policy, under which our self- governing population are asserting their rights to bring the colony within the pale of advancing civilisation. THE Cop FISHERY. The cod fishery, from the discovery of the island, has been and still continues to be the main element of its resources ; nor are there at this day any symptoms of exhaustion. Seasons vary in productiveness, and unfavourable returns have sometimes extended over a course of years, and have raised questions as to whether the supply was not in course of diminution. But such speculations have always so far been ended by the return of abundant fisheries, showing that as far as Newfoundland is concerned, the cause of “short catches” lay in reasons apart from the failure of the species. Notwithstanding the use of these fisheries for so many centuries, the present season has witnessed as large a catch as was ever known, and this fact undoubtedly furnishes an answer to all questions as to the “exhaustion of the cod” on the Newfoundland coast. As a rule our cod fisheries begin in June and end in October, the most productive months being June and July, when the coast is visited by a small fish called the “caplin,’ specimens of which are exhibited in the Newfoundland Court of this International Fisheries Exhibition. This fish, which somewhat resembles 7 the American “smelt,” swarms on all parts of the coast, to which it resorts to spawn about the middle of June, in almost unlimited quantity. It is then that the cod, attracted by the caplin, is found along the shore in its greatest abundance. The caplin supplies the bait for that portion of the fishing which is carried on with hook and line, the other modes of capture being by means of a trap —a specimen of which is exhibited at the Fisheries Exhi- bition—and a cod-seine, which is a net from one hundred to one hundred and twenty fathoms long, having a depth varying from fifty to one hundred feet in the centre, but narrowing towards the extremities. This seine is swept round a body of fish, and drawn together. The foot is then hauled up, enclosing very often forty or fifty tons weight of fish. Fixed cod-nets are also used to some extent, while the degree of success which attends the different methods is a varying and uncertain condition, neither being sufficiently assured to warrant its absolute and exclusive application. The coast-line for Newfoundland proper covers an extent of two thousand miles, exclusive of Labrador, on which the colony possesses one thousand miles of fishing ground. Here the fishing population is migratory. Those of our people who resort to Labrador go there in June and return in October, the residents, whose lives are spent in a primitive and unambitious manner, being a very small number. The cure of the fish requires much care and judgment, the weather being a very important factor in the operation. Unbroken sunshine is not desirable, while a long continua- tion of wet produces deterioration of quality; the best cure is effected when the weather is variable. It is not more necessary that the fish should be exposed to the sun 8 to dry than that it should be piled and left in bulks to be gradually matured. Hence the reason for varying weather being desirable. The quantity of dried codfish produced during a season averages 75,000 to 80,000 tons per annum. The value aggregates about a million and a quarter sterling, while the present season will probably exhibit an increase of from sixteen to twenty per cent. on this amount. The cured tish is exported to Brazil, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the West Indies, and a small quantity come to England. I shall, in the course of this Paper, endeavour to show why this small quantity should be increased, and with how much advantage to consumers in this country. THE SEAL FISHERY. The next of our productions in point of importance is the seal fishery, which is well illustrated in the Newfoundland Court of the Exhibition. This ‘fishery formerly employed some four hundred vessels, varying from eighty to one hundred and fifty tons, requiring the services of about fourteen thousand men. The introduction of steam has changed all that, and the fishery is now carried on by about twenty-five steamers—not more than thirty or forty sailing vessels remaining, through the obvious impossibility of effective competition. The pursuit of this fishery is of far more recent date than that of the cod. We find that at the end of the last century the whole catch was but about five thousand seals per annum. It continued to increase, and in 1820 there were over two hundred thousand taken. Winds and ice conditions have a regulating effect on the success of the voyage, and the results show a most important variation. Thus in 1844, 685,000 seals were 9 taken ; in 1860, 444,000; in 1872, 278,000 ; in 1882, 156,000 —the smallest on record; while in the present year the catch is about 400,000. We know that winds and ice play an important part in the prosecution of the sealing voyage; but there is a strong conflict of opinion as to whether the species is not diminishing in quantity. The falling-off of the catch of late years is probably, in some degree at least, ascribable to this cause, and hence has arisen the serious question whether some measures of restriction may not be applied with advantage. At present the only regulating law is one which restrains steamers from proceeding on their voyage before the toth of March, while sailing vessels may leave port on the first. About the Ist of March the seal brings forth its young upon the ice-fields. The young seal, which is the most eagerly sought after, is matured for commercial use about the 20th of March, when the skin and fat, sepa- rated from the carcase, has a weight of fully forty pounds. It taken about the 10th or 12th, the weight is not over twelve or fourteen pounds. It is to prevent the taking ‘of im- mature seals, and the consequent loss, that steamers are kept back, thus preventing their premature appearance on the scene of slaughter. When winds prevail from. the shore, and keep the ice slack, a ship can travel more or less at discretion, and the result on the whole is then a success. A prevalence of east wind generally blocks the coast, and packs the ice in the surrounding seas, so that at the critical period between the 15th and the end of March, should this condition of things prevail, the ships are im- prisoned, and the issue is a losing one. It sometimes happens that ships are fortunately jammed amidst mul- titudes of seals, and then they obtain their full fares without chance of competition from those outside. As IO many as twelve or fifteen thousand a day are often secured by those favoured with this exceptional opportunity. In the case of sailing vessels, the men had half the gross receipts of the voyage for their share. But, owing to the greater cost of steamers, and their expensive outfit, the men’s share is now reduced to one-third. The steamers are from three to six hundred tons burthen wood built, full timbered, with hold beams, heavily planked, sheathed, and thoroughly equipped to endure severe trials in the ice floes. They cost from twelve to twenty thousand pounds, or even more, and, as they can only be employed profitably during the short period of the seal fishery, which rarely occupies more than two months, and as this has been proved a business of chequered success, it cannot be contended that the investment is one of large attraction. To the people of the colony the substitution of steam for sailing vessels has proved a loss ; the quantity taken has not at least shown any increase on the average of former times, while the men’s share has been greatly diminished. Moreover, the sailing vessels were in a large degree the property of resident “planters,” whose earnings helped to swell the common wealth, while now the owner- ship has passed into the hands of large capitalists, some of whom live abroad, and, in the nature of things, their means cannot play the same important part in promoting the social well-being of the colony. When successful, the sealers sometimes return in two or three weeks. The seals—or rather the skin and fat, the carcase being left on the ice—are quickly landed, and the one separated from the other bya process termed skinning. The fat is then cut up, placed in a manufactory, and tried out by steam, the result being the pure, colourless, and tasteless oil, of which samples are exhibited in our collec- iI tion. The skins are salted, and in due time shipped to England, where they are manufactured into leather, being split by machinery into leaves of various thicknesses, and recently, through the enterprise of Messrs. Stephen and Son, of Dundee, several descriptions of leather have been produced, which meet the wants of bookbinders and upholsterers as well as the former purpose of shoe-leather, to which, until recently, the Newfoundland sealskin was exclusively applied. The exceptional superiority of these various descriptions of leather is proved by a Gold Medal being awarded for them. The value of this item of the productions of the colony shows an average of about £230,000 per annum. The men employed in the industry number about ten thousand. They are the flower of the labouring popula- tion, and amongst them it is not easy to find a man over forty years of age. For skill, daring, and power of endur- ance, it would be difficult to match them anywhere, and but for the obstacle arising out of the distance of the colony from this country, we should probably have had a batch of these fine fellows brought over to see and to be seen, without any fear that they would suffer by comparison with the fishermen of this kingdom, whose presence during the Exhibition has been such an appropriate and gratifying feature of this magnificent display. THE HERRING FISHERY. Following in importance to the seal comes the herring fishery. The supply of this fish is very large, especially on the south-west coast, where, during the winter and spring months, a material amount of business is done, a large portion of the fish being sent to the United States in a 1h 92 = frozen condition. It is not a rich fish, nor has it been turned to as much account as it might be asa cured article of export. What we prize most in this branch of the trade is the Labrador herring, which for size and nutritious properties is superior to any that the resources of the world have given to the Fisheries Exhibition. This fishery is rarely ever followed as a separate pursuit. Herrings usually appear in August, and are seldom found on the coast after September. The fishing is attended to by the cod-fishermen as an adjunct to “the fishery,” as the cod-fishing alone is termed. I may here note incidentally that we have a local legal decision that salmon is not fish!—a condition which, however para- doxical it may seem, was conventionally correct, for it had relation to a charter for a fish cargo, which locally was understood to be codfish, and which the offer to ship salmon did not satisfy. For various reasons the herring fishery has not expanded into the proportions it seems capable of attaining, but this is probably because cod- fishing offers superior attractions. The annual value is about £140,000. Herrings are taken in mesh nets and in seines. As many as two thousand barrels have been enclosed in one haul of the seine. When taken in such large quantities the cure is often inferior, from the dif- ficulty of saving the fish in- good time. Net fishing is more regular and satisfactory. The United States and Canada receive the larger portion of the catch of Labrador herrings. They should undoubtedly be known more ex- tensively here, and their excellence would give them a high place in the fish-food market. 3 LOBSTER AND SALMON FISHING. Lobsters have received some attention during the past few years, and the export of canned lobsters to this country, to which they are almost wholly sent, amounts to over £20,000. This fish will decidedly need the appli- cation of some conservative measures, for it already gives signs of exhaustion which it would be wise to regard. The high quality of the Newfoundland lobsters has secured for them the only gold medal given for this fish by the jurors at the present Exhibition, and the local Government will no doubt direct its attention to the means by which to guard this promising industry against strains beyond its capacity. Salmon are found in greater or less quantities all around the coast, the finest being those taken at Labrador. In quality these are equal to any in the world. This fishery is carried on for purely commercial purposes, and nets are the means of its prosecution. June and July are our salmon- fishing months, and one rarely sees the fish at any other time. In addition to fish consumed in the colony the catch averages 4000 tierces of 300 lbs. each, salted, packed and sent chiefly to American markets, where they are sold for from £6 to, £7 per tierce, The fish offal has not hitherto been turned to account, beyond what was used by the fishermen and small farmers for their limited crops, but during the present year Job, Brothers, and Co., Newfoundland and Liverpool merchants, have established some expensive factories for the manufac- ture of fish guano; and, as it will be so much reclaimed from waste, we may hope the adventure will become permanent and profitable. The above enumeration exhausts the category of those fisheries that enter into the commerce of the colony. The 14 whole value has reached a million and three-quarters sterling per annum hitherto ; and this year it will not be far short of two millions. The resources of the colony are not confined to its fish produce, as has been the prevailing impression. Already, within a period of twenty years, copper mining has grown to a degree which makes Newfoundland rank as fifth in the list of copper-exporting countries of the world. As the growth and outcome of these industries the colony has an annual import and export trade of over three millions sterling, and the stable character of the commerce of the colony, based upon its fisheries, is well illustrated and substantiated by the fact that two local banks, possessing an aggregate capital of less than one hundred and fifty thousand pounds, supply all banking facilities required for its trade. We have in this statement evidence of the soundness of our trade, and the absence of speculative element. The cases are rare in which so small an amount of borrowed money has a place in the business capital of a country, while even in the banks the merchants are large stock-holders. Nowhere do business men exhibit higher integrity in their transactions ; and, in all those countries with which they have relations, the reputation of a New- foundland merchant is second to none for those qualities which inspire confidence and respect. Failures of any consequence are so rare that they scarcely have a place in the estimate of contingencies; and it is largely due to this satisfactory condition of affairs that we find the stock of our oldest local bank commanding a price of six hundred and fifty per cent. on its original cost— not a speculative value, but for the purpose of bond fide investment. The stock is not in the market, and can only occasionally be obtained. The stock of the other and younger LS bank is worth three hundred per cent. when it changes hands, which is not a case of frequent occurrence. Newfoundland merchants have found their way into the higher commercial and public life of England. quantity and value of dried fish produced during a season, 8 », relative value of dried cod to fresh, and its importance as food, 20, 21 Cod-fishery, the, number of vessels and their nationality, employed in 1578. .4 55 es value and importance of, 6-8 Copper, recent increase in the mining, 14 DISCUSSION on Sir Ambrose Shea’s paper, 23-27 EMPLOYMENT, necessity for its extension, and means for this purpose, 16-22 FISHERIES EXHIBITION, THE, one of its chief objects, 26 Bis necessity of protecting our, 23, 24 Si total annual value of the fisheries of the colony, 13, 14 Fish-offal, its value for the manufacture of fish guano, 13, 24-26 France, certain rights possessed by the French, 5 GOVERNMENT, representative government granted to the colony in 1832. .6 HERRINGS, excellence of the Labrador herring, 12 > extent and value of the fishery, 12 es large quantities captured in one haul of the seine-net, 12 LEATHER, superiority of the various descriptions manufactured from seal skin, 11 Lobsters, value of canned lobsters exported to England, 13 London and its fish supply, 23 NETS, size and strength of a cod-seine, 7 Newfoundland, annexation of in 1583..4, 5 As area of the colony and review of its condition, 17-2: 5 discovery and disputed possession of, 4-6 < extent and value of the herring fishery, 11, 12 a extent of fishing-ground possessed by the colony 7 29 Newfoundland great importance and value of the cod-fishery, 6-8 importance of the seal-fishery, 8-11 its history as a colony, 3-6 lobster and salmon fisheries in the colony, 13 necessity for extended employment, and means for this purpose, 16-22 population and revenue of, 15, 16 the resources of the colony and staple character of the commerce, 14, 15 total annual value of the fisheries, 13, 14 OIL, excellence of Newfoundland cod-liver oil, 21 produced from the fat of the seal, 9, 10 superiority of the fish oils from the colony, 21 ” ” POPULATION of the colony, 15 RAILWAY, construction of a, and its satisfactory results, 18, 19 Revenue, how derived and expended, 15, 16 SALMON, curious local legal decision respecting, 12 56 fine fishery at Labrador, 13 Seals, numbers caught in various years, 8, 9 oil produced from, 9, 10 fishers, number employed, and mode of payment, 10, 1x fishery, the, its importance and value, 5-11 99 ” aio VESSELS employed in the seal fishery, 8-10 number employed in the cod-fishery in 1578. .4 be) LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Limitep, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. ¥ » @ a = - as bane MO cA Chae | Peecs Serices # 22 eh leatain PUBLICATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION, PUBLISHED WM. CLOWES & SONS, ne e Charing Cross, §.W Das eae as Na + mf OFFIGIAL GUIDE BOOKS, &c. LARGE PLAN and TOUR of the BUILDINGS, 1d. ; post-free 13d. GUIDE to the EXHIBITION, 3d.; post-free 4d. PROGRAMME of MUSIC, &c., 2d.; post-free 3d. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE, Second Hdition, 1s.; post- free ls. 4d. CHEAP RECIPES for FISH COOKERY. Prepared by Mrs. CHARLES CLARKE. 3d.; post-free 4d. THE FISHERIES PORTFOLIO: CONTAINING Ten Original Etchings of Scenes on the British Coast, TITLE. ARTIST, Bait Gatherers . +» «© «© » «» R. W. MacsBetn, A.R.A. 2.—Running Ashore . + +» « « . CoLin HUNTER. 3.—A Fisher Girl este celia re iteice |elOs NWA TSONG 4.—Fishing Boats off Hastings . . Davip Law. 6.—Going: for. Bait’) 6 os ee Otto LrEypg, R.S.A,. 6.—Boat Building on the Yare . . C.J. Warts. 7.—Preparing for Sea—Hastings . C. P. SLOcoMBE. 8.—Ramsgate Harbour. . . . . J. P. HESELTINE. 9.—Fisherman’s Haven . .. . «© J. MacWuirtTer, A.R.A, 10.—Stranded—Rye. . . . 5 - » WILFRID W. BALL, Price 15s. the complete set. Lonpon : WILLIAM CLOWES & SONS, Limtzp, 13, CHARING CROSS, S.W. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. —corg{00-— The following Handbooks upon en ~- ae to the irs rem (VULI)NI UY | | Demy 8v0., 7 [lus____r+ oe 1s. each ; OF = in cloth 2s. each. THE FISHERY LAWS. By FREDERICK POLLOCK, Barrister-at- Law, M.A. (Oxon.), Hon. LL.D. Edin. ; Corpus Christi Professor of Juris- prudence in the University of Oxford. ZOOLOGY AND FOOD FISHES. By Grorce B. Howes, Demonstrator of Biology, Normal School of Science, and Royal School of Mines, South Kensington. BRITISH MARINE AND FRESHWATER FISHES. (Zi/ustrated.) By W. SAVILLE KENT, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Author of Official Guide- books to the Brighton, Manchester, and Westminster Aquaria. APPARATUS FOR FISHING. By E. W. H. HoLpswortu, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Special Commissioner for Juries, International Fisheries Exhibition ; ; Author of ‘Deep Sea Fisheries and Fishing Boats,” *‘‘ British Industries—Sea Fisheries,” &c. THE BRITISH FISH TRADE. By His Excellency SPENCER WALPOLE, Lieut.-Governor of the Isle of Man. THE UNAPPRECIATED FISHER FOLK. Bv James G. BERTRAM, Author of ‘* The Harvest of the Sea.” THE SALMON FISHERIES. (//ustrated.) By C. E. FRYER. Assistant Inspector of Salmon Fisheries, Home Office. SEA MONSTERS UNMASKED. (///ustrated.) By Henry Lez, F.L-S. THE ANGLING CLUBS AND PRESERVATION SO- CIETIES OF LONDON AND THE PROVINCES. ByJ. P. WHEELDON, late Angling Editor of ‘‘ Bell’s Life.” INDIAN FISH AND FISHING. (//ustrated.) By Francis Day, F.L.S., Commissioner for India to International Fisheries Exhibition. A POPULAR HISTORY OF FISHERIES AND FISHER- MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES. By W. M. ADAms, B.A., formerly Fellow of New College, Oxford; Author of ‘Zenobia : a Tragedy,’ and inventor of the Ccelometer. FISH CULTURE. (J/élustrated.) By Francis Day, F.L.S., Com- missioner for India to International Fisheries Exhibition. SEA FABLES EXPLAINED. By Henry LEE, F.L.S. (///ustrated.) ANGLING IN GREAT BRITAIN. By Witiiam SENror (‘“ Red Spinner”). FISHES OF FANCY: their Place in Myth, Fable, Fairy- Tale and Folk-Lore, etc. By PHi~ ROBINSON. LITERATURE OF SEA AND RIVER FISHING. By J. J. MANLEY, M.A. IN THE PRESS. THE PLACE OF FISH IN A HARD-WORKING DIET. By STEPHEN MITCHELL, M.A. (Cantab.) THE OUTCOME OF THE EXHIBITION. By A. J. R. TRENDELL, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law, Literary Superintendent for the Fisheries Exhibition. LONDON : WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, 13, CHARING CROSS, LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSs.