NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— I TYdzABCrRO Tanaka Reprinted from Mycologia, Vol. IX, No. 3, May, igi? NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— I TySzaburo Tanaka This is the first of a series of papers prepared for the purpose of supplying prompt ami full inforiuation regarding newly dis- covered Japanese fungi that have been described only in Japanese. Descriptions of new species of fungi, many of them of great economic impdrtancc, arc appearing in many different j)ublica- tions in Japan, some of them difficult to obtain in the United States. New species which are ]niblishcd in Latin, English, or other European language will be merely cited if referred to at all. It is hoped that the information here presented will prove of interest and value to American and European mycologists and plant pathologists. There are two lists of Japanese fungi published twelve and thirteen years ago, both including all species known from Japan at the time, one by Prof. J. ]\latsumura. Index plantarum japoni- carum, \'ol. i. Cr\-ptoganiae (Fungi pp. 127-184) 8°, Tokyo Mar. 1904, giving an alphabetical list of species with synonomy, host plants and localities all in Latin ; the other by Prof. M. Shirai, A List of Japanese Fungi hitherto known, 8°, Tokyo Nov. 1905, 156 pp., giving an alphabetical list of species with synonomy in Latin and the host plants in Japanese characters only. Localities are not given. The more important fungi caus- ing plant diseases in Japan arc treated by Prof. A. Ideta, Hand- book of the Plant Diseases of Japan, 4 cd. 4°, Tokyo 1909-1911, 1 104 pp. A 17-page index gives the Latin names of the fungi treated. Prof. Ideta is now writing a supplement bringing this work up to date. Valsa (Euvalsa) PAULOWNiAEMiyabe and Hemmi, sp. nov. in Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journal of Plant Protection) 3": 681-689. I pi. Sept., 1916. (Japanese.) This fungus attacks the Paulownia tree first on the iwigs and l(i7 168 Mycologia then spreads over the branches, finally covering the entire tree dov^n to the roots. The infection occurs in winter and early spring, mostly on the wounded or dead part of shoots, which gradually become rough, dry and brown, and finally crack with irregular elevated spots appearing on the surface — the stromata of the fungus. Loose mycelia from the stroma connect the tissues of the host and the fungus bodies. The pycnidia first appear on the stromata as depressed globular flasks, 1.5 X -6 mm., with colorless, obtuse, slightly curved pycnospores 2.85-8.75 X 0.88- 1.75 /A on short, branched conidiophores. The perithecia, ar- ranged at the bottom of stroma, 15-16 in one group, are flask- shaped with long necks about twice or three times the length of the perithecial body which measures 1 50-300 /x in diameter; asci very fragile, soon disappearing, cylindric or clavate, more or less curved, sessile or very short stalked, 32-52 X8--io^ octospored ; ascospores generally in two rows, occasionally irregular or one row, cvlindric. obtuse, curved, smooth." hyaline, very slightly oal*^ brownish when mature, 10-18X2-4^11, germinating in 20-2.1 hours, either in distilled water or on culture media. This " Tachigare " or dieback disease first appeared in Hok- kaido about 1910 and seriously damaged Paulownia, first in 1913 and 1914 when many old trees were killed. In 191 5 the disease spread all over Hokkaido, and in one case about 3,000 trees at the same place were attacked. For its prevention the trunks of the trees should be wrapped with straw in winter so as to prevent freezing or wounding. Bordeaux mixture should be used as a spray on the trees in early spring. Ophiochaeta graminis (Sacc.) K. Hara n. comb, in Byochu- gai Zasshi (Journ. of Plant Protection) 3^ : 342-345. May, 1916. (Japanese.) This fungus, commonly called Ophiobolus graminis, is known as a cause of foot-rot of wheat and barley in France, Belgium, Germany, and Japan. The author discovered a similar disease on rice-plant caused by the same fungus which he proposes to trans- fer to Saccardo's genus Ophiochaeta, on account of the existence of bristle hairs on the perithecium. In the case of the fungus attacking the rice-plants the perithecia are somewhat smaller, i. c, 240-480 ju, diameter, and the ostiolum 12-280 /a in length and 7-8 m across, but the asci and ascospores are nearly the same as de- scribed from other plants, i. e., asci 80-120X8.5-16^ and asco- spores 27.1-104X3.2-41U. Nfav Japanese Fungi KH) The author suggests four important factors in })rcvcnting the disease: (i) Selection of a resistant variety; (2) necessity of avoiding the use of too much nitrogen fertiHzers ; (3) not allow- ing too much water on the field ; and finally (4) application of stable manure instead of mulching the field. Marsonia Cartiiami T. Fukui sp. nov. in Nogaku Kwaiho (Journ. of the Scientific Agricultural Society) No. 166, pp. 381-383, fig. 6. T. 5. vi. June, 1916. (Japanese.) Spots ochre-brown, few, i-io rarely more, orbicular, elliptical or irregular, never angular, varying in size, the largest 10X6 mm., sometimes confluent, forming still larger spots, margin definite, raised, pimctatc with acervuli ; acervuli subepidermal, scattered, brownish ; conidiophores hyaline or pale yellowish, 20X3H-' conidia hyaline or pale yellowish-brown, elliptic, ends acute especially the base, giving a fusiform appearance, contents granular at maturity, i-septate, constricted at the septum. 10- 25 X 4-6 ft, average 20 X 5 M- On living leaves of young plants of Carthainics tinctomis L. (Compositae) called in Japan Bcnihana {Hung-hiia, in Chinese) found at the experiment farm of Shidzuoka-ken Agr. Experiment Station, Abegun, Shidzuoka-ken, Japan: Sept. (?), 1916. Mycosphaerella hordicola Hara sp. nov., ex Tsuruda, Shoitsu in Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journ. of Plant Protection) 3': 532. July, 1916. (Japanese.) Perithecia small, black, globular, 297X212^ or 255 X 212 /x (figures doubtful ) ; asci irregularly cylindrical or sometimes conical, octosporous ; spores hyaline, fusiform, blunt at both ends, 7-15 X 2.7-3.5 /x, two-celled, contents granular. On the blades and culms of wheat, barley, and naked barley, DifYers from Sphacrclla hacicola B. Frank which grows on rye and has perithecia with rosy interior and constricted elliptical spores which measure 10-12 /x. This sp. is also distinct from Mycosphaerella Hordcl Karst which has straight, elliptical or fusiform constricted spores, 18-24 X 6-8 /a. Distribution : Shidzuoka-ken, Sunto-gun, Kanaoka-mura, May 24, 1916, S. Tsuruda; Agehara-mura, May 3, 1916, S. Tsuruda; Ukishima-mura, May it. 1913. S. Tsuruda; Fuji-gun. Obuchi- mura, June 22, 191 5, Takimura Nokwai (.^.sTf- Soc. of Tak'- 170 Mycologia mura) ; Inasa-gun, linoya-mura, April 13, 1914, S. Tsuruda ; Aratama-mtira, May, 1914, T. Okada. New Japanese name of the disease: Alugi no Kangare-byo (Culm-rot disease of barley and wheat). Local name of the disease: Mugi no Tachigare (Foot-rot or stem-rot of barley and wheat) ; Kuse (Bad-habit). Notes : A barley variety " Dobu " seems resistant to the disease ; on the other hand the variety " Oku-mikawa " is very susceptible. The disease is much less injurious when seeds are sown earlier than the usual planting time. The disease becomes virulent when nitrogenous fertilizers are used too freely. Phosphate is effective in strengthening the growth of the culm to withstand the disease. Lime, sulphur-flower, and Bordeaux mixture all lessen the damage done by this fungus. ScoRiAS CAPiTATA K. Sawada sp. nov. in Nojishikenjo Tokubetsu Hokoku (Special Report, Agr. Exp. Station) Taiwan (For- mosa), No. II, pp. 123-124, pi. 4, fig. 19-23. T. 4, ii, Feb., 1915- (Japanese.) Mycelia covering the upper surface of the leaves of Thea siiioisis as a black mass, sometimes covering the lower surface and even the twigs, presenting a conspicuously rough or fuzzy appearance, which is caused by bundles of hyphae and slender perithecia which stand upright. Hyphae catenulate, soot color, 2.5-5 /x across; hyphae bundles (perithecial stalks) soot color, once or twice branched, of various forms but usually conical, cylindrical, fusiform or elliptical, frequently two joined together at the lower half, 110-247 X 5^-75 /a, apically constricted termi- nated by perithecia ; perithecia black, nearly ovate or orbicular, 60-83 X 50-78 fx, containing numerous asci ; asci clavate, obtuse, hyaline, 30-35 X 9-12 /x., with 6-8 spores; spores fusiform to clavate-fusiform, obtuse at both ends, hyaline, 3-septate, 10- II -5 X 3-3-5 z^- Type locality : Taihokucho Chonaiho-sho, Formosa. Dec. 12, 1907, Y. Fujikuro. ZuKALiA Theae K. Sawada sp. nov. in Nojishikenjo Tokubetsu Hokoku (Special Report Agr. Exp. Station) Taiwan (For- mosa) No. II, p. 122, pi. 4, figs. 10-13. T. 4. ii, Feb., 1915. (Japanese. ) Perithecia black, globose, 67-135 /x in diameter ; subiculum black. New Japanese Fungi 171 hyphae filiform, at first pale, later brownish, branched, septate, 3-6 /x across; asci many, surruuntled by 6-8 dark brown, blunt, 5-6-septatc setae, 70-100 X 4 />t; ^sci 8-spored, hyaHne, clavate, fusiform, 68-90 X 13-16 //,; spores hyaline, obovate clHptic to clavate, 3-sei)tate, 17-23 X 6-7 /n. On leaves and twigs of 77; ra sinensis. Type locality : Shinchiku-cho, Sanshaka, Formosa, May 10, 1910, K. Sawada. Pestalozzia Tiieae K. Sawada sp. nov. in Nojishikenjo Toku- betsu Hokoku (Special Report Agr. Exp. Sta.), Taiwan (Formosa), No. 11, p. 113, pi. 4, figs. 7-9. T. 4, ii, Feb., 191 5. (Japanese.) Spots punctate with acervuli ; acervuli at first subepidermal, later erumpent, finally exposed ; mycelium penetrating the host, hyaline, branching, 2.5-3 H- i'^ diam., mycelial tissue thin but com- posed of tightly woven hyphae; conidiophores caespitose, simple, short, filiform, 4-9 X i z^, fugacious; conidia fusiform, 4-septate, slightly constricted, 3 inner cells dark brown, 16-21 /x, basai and apical cells hyaline, 4-6 /x, setae 3-4, 28-36X1-2/11, slightly swollen at the apex, hyaline. On leaves of Tlica sijioisis. Diseased spots brown when young, when mature gray with brown margin, usually i cm. in diam., sometimes covering half of a leaf. Acervuli ahvays ap- pear on the concentric zone as black dots, but when they occur on the under surface of leaves, the zones are not always distinct and the dots are very few. Type localities : Taihokucho Zuiho, Jul. 4, 1909, Y. Fujikuro ; Taihokucho Kusshaku. Jul. 14, 1908, Y. Fujikuro; Taihokucho Mokusaku, Sept. 30, 1908, Y. Fujikuro: Taihokucho Shinten, Jul. 15. 1908, Y. Fujikuro; Taihokucho, Rigyokutsu, Jul. 13, 1908, Y. Fujikuro; Taihokucho, Hokuseiko, Jul. 9, 1907, R. Suzuki; Taihokucho Chonaiho, Dec. 19, 1908, K. Sawada; Nov. 30, 1909, Y. Fujikuro, May 4, 1910, K. Sawada; Toencho Kessisho, Aug. 21, 1908, K. Sawada & Y. Fujikuro; Toencho Doraken, Aug. 21, 1908, K. Sawada & Y. Fujikuro; Toencho Anheichin, .\ug. 20, 1908, K. Saw^ada & Y. Fujikuro; Shinchikucho Shinpo, May 6, 1910. Y. Fujikuro ; Akocho Koko. Jul. 8, 1910, K. Sawada. 172 Mycologia ScLEROTiNiA Fagopyri S. Hori sp. nov. in Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journ. Plant Protection) 3^: 171-175. Mar. 1916. (Japa- nese.) Sclerotia orbicular, ellipsoid, oblong or ovoid, 2-3 X 2-4 mm., surface black, inner tissue rose colored ; apothecia one or two from a sclerotium, cinnamon-brown, 3 mm. in diam., somewhat cupu- late, stipitate, stipes 3-5 mm. in length ; asci cylindrical, slightly curved, 135-155 X 9-1 1 i*-', ascospores eight, obliquely monostich- ous, 11-14X6-8/X, guttulate near each end; paraphyses fihform or clavate, slightly longer than the asci, 2-2.5 fx in diam., 2-4 (usually 2-3) septate. The sclerotia form inside of the seeds of Fagopyrum cscu- lentum and probably germinate twice a year. The diseased seeds ^nk in brine of 1. 12 to 1.20 sp. gr., while healthy seeds float. They alone should be planted. Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— II Ty6zabur6 Tanaka Reprinted from Mycolocia, Vol. IX, No. 4. July. 191 7 IRepiinted from Mvcologia. Vol. IX., No. 4, July. IQI?-! NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— II TvozABirRo Tanaka PnvTorjiTiKiKA Ali.ii K. Sawada sj). iiov. in Xoji Shikenjo Tokubctsu Hokoku (Special Report Agric. Kxper. Station), Taiwan (Formosa). No. 11, p. 59-60, pi. 1-2. T. 4, iii, Mar. 1915- Forming a cottony white mycelial mass on diseased portions of leaves of Allium fistidosum. Hyphae filiform, hyaline, thin- walled, with granular contents, continuous when young but always septate when old, much branched, 3-8 /x across, penetrating the cell walls of the host tissues. Haustoria not observed. Coni- diophores appear through stomata of the host or sometimes break through the epidermal tissue, mostly accompanied by hyphae; conidiophores filiform, fine, single or branching pseudo-dichoto- mously or rather irregularly ramose, 1 40-480 X 4-6 f<- ; conidia terminal, globular, ovoid, obovoid or lemon-shaped, hyaline, apically mamillate with a hemispherical papillum 5-10 /* high, 40-74 X 30-50 /x, averaging 49.4X36-5/^' '^^'ith or without a thickened septum at the base ; falling ofif not rarely with a portion of persistent conidiophore at the end, producing 15-60 zoospores or germinating with germ tube. Oogonia formations were observed in cultures on media made of bean agar-agar, and lima bean agar-agar. Oogonia spherical, thin-walled, diam. 17-26 /a (average 20.7 /n), containing one oospore; oospores spherical, colorless or pale-honey-yellow, diam. 14-23/1 (averaging 16.9 /x), walls 0.5-1.5 /«. thick. Antheridia surrounding tightly the stalk of oogonia then becoming attached close to the wall of oogonia at the lower portion not far from the juncture of the stalk, usually round to obovoid, 8-18 X 10-14 /x. Parasitic on the leaves and flower stalks of Allium fistulosuni. Type locality: Taihoku-cho Chonaiho-sho. Taiwan (Formosa), collected by K. Sawada, Feb. 17, 191 3 and July 3, 1913. Illustrations: 45 black and white lithographic figures showing detailed structure of the fungus. An attempt to inoculate the ordinary onion (Allium Cepa) with this fungus was not successful, so it seems that the infection is 249 250 Mycologia limited to the Japanese welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) ; the only plant susceptible to the disease in inoculation tests was Epiphyllum truncatum (Cactaceae). The disease is not at present widely distributed and the injury not very serious. It is desirable to eradicate it before it spreads to other localities. The paper gives a review of the genus Phytophthora and allied genera; the following species are discussed: Phytophthora cactorum (C. et L.) Schroet., P. cactorum (C. et L.) Schroet. var. Arecae Colem, P. coloccisiae Rac, P. faberi Maubl., P. infcstans (Mont.) de Bary, P. nicotian^e Breda de Haan, P. parasitica Dast, P. Phaseoli Thaxt., P. Syringae Kleb.. P. Thalictri Wils. et Davis, Katvakamia Cyperi (Miy. et Ideta) Miyabe, Pythiacystis citrophthora Smith. Phytophthora Melongenae K. Sawada sp. nov. in Noji Shi- ken jo Tokubetsu Hokoku (Special Report Agric. Exper. Sta- tion), Taiwan (Formosa) No. n, p. 77-79, pi- 3- T. 4, iii. Mar. 1 91 5. Hyphae intercellular in the host tissue or freely penetrating the cell wall, much branched, not septate in juvenile stage, but septate when mature ; aerial hyphae mostly not branching, usually attaining a considerable length, nearly uniform in diameter, the base always irregularly twisted, swelled or short-branched, and very characteristic; diam. of hyphae 4-8 /x; haustoria none. Conidiophores hardly distinguishable from aerial hyphae, filiform, delicate, very much elongated, the shortest measuring 80 /* in length, 3-5^1 across; conidia spherical, broad-oval or oval, 24- y2 X 20-48 fi, average 42.4 X 33-9 m, with apical hemispherical papillae 3-5 fi high, producing several to 40 zoospores ; zoospores ovoid or ellipsoid, io-iiX8/a, with 2 cilia; chlamydospores yellowish-brown, spherical, 25-42 fj. in diam. ; oogonia formed in cultures on bean agar-agar medium, spherical, 18-23 X 20-24 /ia, containing one oospore; oospore spherical, walls 2 fi thick, color- less to very pale yellowish-brown, diameter 17-21 /x. Antheridia not formed on the same hyphae that bear the oogonia but on the end of other hyphae, surrounding tightly the oogonial stalk and attached to the wall of oogonia at the juncture with the stalk, oblate spheroidal or nearly spherical, 10-14 X 12-16^. Parasitic on the fruit of Solannm Melongena (Egg plant). Type locality: Taihoku-cho, Chonaiho-sho, Taiwan (Formosa), June 18, 1914, July 10, 1914, and Sept. 6, 1914. Nf.w Japanksr Funci 251 Illustrations : 24 l)lack and while lithographic figures showing detailed structure of fungus. Not only the Formosan white egg plant but all other Japanese varieties are susceptible to this disease and in one case 60 to 70 per cent, of the crop was lost. Inoculation tests proved that other solanaceous plants are susceptible and such plants as tobacco, tomato and even Irish potato were attacked. Among plants be- longing to other families, figs, Arcca Catechu, and Hibiscus cscu- Icntuvi were counted as susceptible hosts, and in a lesser degree Epiphyllum truncatinn and Riciniis communis. ZuKALiA NANTOENSis K. Sawada sj). nov. in Noji Shikenjn Tokubetsu Hokoku (Special Report Agric. Exper. Station), Taiwan (Formosa), No. 11, p. 123, pi. 4, figs. 14-18. T. 4, iii, Mar. 1915. Epiphyllous, sometimes also hypophyllous, lichenous, spreading over an area 2-5 mm. across, tightly coalescent ; hyphae fuligi- nous, thick-walled, 8^, across, septate and sparsely furnished with hyphopodia, oblong bodies with rounded end usually on a stalk 18-25 /A long. Pycnidia and perithecia grow on the mycelial layer, both orbicular black bodies, mostly sessile, sometimes on stalks 18-25 /lA long; pycnidia 63-95 /x, containing numerous pycno- spores ; pycnospores pale-brown, ellipsoid to oblong, glabrous, uniccllate, bi-nucleate, 6-8X3-4/^; perithecia 132-180/a in diameter, with numerous asci ; asci oblong-clavate, ovoid-oblong, with short stipules, hyaline, 33-49 X 10-12/1, containing 8 spores ; ascospores oblong to short clavate, septate at the middle, color- less, blunt or obtuse at both ends, 9-13 X 3-5-5 M- On leaves of Thca sinensis. Type localities: Nanto-cho, Gyochi, Taiwan (Formosa), Oct. 30, 1907, Suzuki, Rikiji ; Nanto-cho Shinjo, Taiwan (Formosa), Oct. 17, 1 91 3, Fujikuro, Yosaburo. This fungus causes the Susu-byo (Sooty mould disease) of tea in Formosa, mostly occurring with Zukalia Tlicac K. Sawada, Scorias capitata K. Sawada, and Capnodium Footii Berk, et Desm. Massaria iMioRcioiDES I. AHyakc sp. nov. in Sangyo Shikenjo Hokoku (Technical Report. Imperial Sericultural Experiment Station), TcM'6 Shikenjo Hokoku (Imperial Sericultural Experiment Station, Technical Report), i'': 345, PI. 17, figs. 17-18, T. 5. xii, Dec. 1916. (Japanese.) 285 286 Mycologia Pycnidia ellipsoid or conoid, immersed, later erumpent, with single, apical ostiolum, i60ju, across; ostiola papillate, dark-bor- dered; perithecial wall pseudo-parenchymatous, not very thick, paler inside, increasingly dark outwards ; mycelia surrounding perithecial wall dark-colored, mixing with colorless ones which predominate farthest from pycnidia; pycnospores mostly elliptic, frequently cylindric with blunt ends, or ovoid, septate at the mid- dle, not constricted, 9-1 1 X 3-5-40/*, walls colorless, protoplasm pale-greenish, usually not conspicuously granulate but rarely one- nucleate in each cell ; pedicel colorless and hyaline, short. On branches of Morns alba. Type localities : Fukui-ken prefecture, Japan, March, 1909, K. Hara; Idu-no-kuni, Shidzuoka-ken, Japan, Apr., 1909, I. Miyake. Illustrations : Two black and white lithographic figures show- ing pycnidium and pycnospores. Ascochyta moricola Berl. differs from this species in having dark-colored fusoid pycnospores pointed at both ends, and con- stricted at the septum. Note: As the name Ascochyta mori has already been used h'y R. Maire (Ann. Myc. 11*: 354, Aug. 1913), I propose a new name, Ascochyta Miyakei for this species. Stagnospora MORI I. Miyake sp. nov. in Sangyo Shikenjo Hokoku (Technical Report, Imperial Sericultural Experiment Station), Tokyo, Japan, i^: 348, pi. 17, figs. 22, 23. T. 4, xii, Dec. 1916. Japanese.) Pycnidia sub-epidermal, walls of thick pseudo-parenchymatous tissue, dark-brown, ellipsoid or globoid, erumpent with short papilliform openings, 130-160 X 120-150 ;*; ostiola black and darker than the pycnidial wall ; pycnospores cylindric, slightly curved, sometimes inequilateral, rounded at both ends, 3-septate, one septum formed earlier, more or less constricted, colorless, hyaline, granulate, germinating from either end or from both at the same time; 21-26 X 6-9 ju,; pedicel short, small; paraphyses filiform, straight or slightly curved and twisted, the innermost the longest, shortening toward the opening. Illustrations : Two black and white lithographic figures show- ing pycnidium and pycnospores. On twigs of Morns alba. Tanaka: New Japanese Fungi 287 Type locality: Yamagata-ken (prefecture) Yonezawa-shi, Mar. 191 5, I. Miyake. It is often observed that the fungus causes the host tissues to disintegrate and usually only bast fibers are left unattacked. RoBiLLAKUA MoRi I. Miyake sp. nov. in Sangyo Shikenjo Ilokoku (Technical Report of the Imperial Sericultural Experiment Station), i': 346, pi. 17, fig. 19. T. 4, xii, Dec. 1916. (Japanese.) Pycnidia hypo-epidermal, later erumpent with a single ostiolum, black, globoid or ellipsoid, 200 /u, across; ostiola papillate, short and small; pycnospores cylindric, 15-18X2.5-3)11; more or less thickened at the middle portion, slightly rounded at the base, and rather pointed at the apex, straight or slightly curved, colorless to pale-greenish, septate at the middle, not constricted, with 3-4 bristles at the end ; bristles equal in length. On dead branches of Morns alba (rare). Type locality: Fukui-ken prefecture, Japan, March, 1909, K. Hara. Dififers from R. Cararae Tognin, which has pycnospores with long pedicels measuring 40-50 /a; and from R. Ccltidis Scalia, characterized by having paraphyses 40-45 p. long. Cytodiplospora MORI I. Miyake, sp. nov. in Sang>-6 Shikenjo Hokoku (Technical Report, Imperial Sericultural Experiment Station), Tokyo, Japan, i^: 347. pl- i/, figs- 20-21. T. 5, xii, Dec. 1916. (Japanese.) Stromata scattered or gregarious, black, hemispherically ele- vated above, then disclosed, rupturing the epidermis, Yz-Yo mm. in diam., round or ellipsoid, pseudo-parenchymatous ; pycnidia 4-5, sometimes more than 10 in one stroma, globoid or ellipsoid, with short, flat ostiola; pycnidial wall made up of finely and densely fascicled hyphae, colorless inside ; pycnospores colorless, hyaline or pale-greenish, guttulate, cylindric with round ends, ellipsoid or ovoid, even, sometimes irregular, straight or curved, uniseptate. septa centric or eccentric, constricted or not con- stricted, variable in size, 6-15 X 3-5/*- On living twigs of Moms alba. 288 Mycologia Type locality: T6ky6-fu (prefecture) Nakano-cho, May, 1915, I. Miyake. Illustrations : Two black and white lithographic figures showing pycnidia and pycnospores. Found nowhere else, parasitic ; mycelium intercellular and with haustoria entering the host cells. DiMEROSPORiuM MORI Y. Endo sp. noy. in Dainippon Sanshi Kwaisho (Journal of the Sericultural Association of Japan), 26303. 200, fig. B on p. 288, Apr. i, 1917. (Japanese.) Perithecia large, ellipsoid, 1 10-120 /a high, 130-140 /* across, without appendages, dark-brown ; perithecial wall consisting of large cells containing several oil globules in each cell; asci nu- merous, clavate, thin-walled, 60-70 X 12-15 /a, 8-spored; asco- spores almost definitely biseriate, oblong, subacute at both ends, 7_8x5-7m, yellowish-brown, uniseptate, with 1-2 shining oil globules in each cell. Epiphytic on leaves of Morns alba (mostly on variety Nezumi- gaeshi), occurring with a species of Meliola. Catenulate hyphae, unicellular microconidia, multicellular macroconidia, gemmae, spermogonia, and pycnidia were observed, but it was not deter- mined to which species they belong. Locality: Ueda, Chiisagata-gun, Nagano-ken, Japan, nursery ground of Ueda Sericultural College, and mulberry fields of To- kida section east of the college grounds. Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI Tyozaburo Tavaka Reprinted from MycolociA, Vol. XI, No. 2, March, 1919 A *N V (Reprinted from Mycologia. Vo'. XL, No 2, March. 1919. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— VI Tyozaburo Tanaka Uncmnli.a ci'KVisroKA K. llara sp. nov. (in litt.). Unc'mula scptata Salni. var. citrvlspura K. Hara var. nov. in Dainippon Sanrin Kwaiho (Joiirn. Forestry Asso. Japan) Tokyo, 392: 62. T. 4, vii Jul. 1915. (Japanese.) Spots obsolete, hyj)ophyllous ; niycelia spreading in thin tilni-like overgrowth, fugacious; perithecia punctiform, scattered, flat-dis- coidal or conspicuously compressed into scale form, 1 70-220 /i (aver. 200 /x) diam., black; perithecial wall membranaceous, cells small and irregular, sometimes more or less radiating, 4-S ^ wide ; appendages nvmierous, 200-300 altogether, filiform, simple, smooth, thin- walled, 35-200 /a long, 4-1 1 septate throughout, the basal half yellowish-brown, 6-7 /* across, gradually narrowed toward the apex, 2-2.5 yu, across near the hyaline ends, apex coiled spirally ; asci 3-5 to one perithecium. ellipsoid or ovoid, rounded at the apex, beaked, below, walls rather thick but brittle. 65-75 X 37-50 /u. ; ascospores 4-5. ellipsoid, ovoid, or ovoid-reniform. both ends rounded, yellowish, unicellular, granular inside, 28-35 X 12- 15 rarely 45 X 18 /x. On Fagus sylvatica var. Sicholdi. Locality and distribution : Not given. Notes: In a letter from Mr. Hara. received shortly before by the writer, a very peculiar habit of this fungus is described, which caused him to determine to raise this as a species. He found that the perithecia at maturity behaved always to turn over on their heads holding the substratum with their appendages exactly like the perithecia of Phyllactinia corylca do with the second appen- dages. He proposes a new subgenus Astcrothccia to which the species belong, characterized by another noteworthy peculiar form of flattened perithecia. UxcixuLA GENicuLATA Gerard var. carpinicola K. Hara var. nov. in Dainippon Sanrin Kwaiho (Journ. Forestry Assoc. Japan) Tokyo, no. 392, p. 62, 63, i text fig. on p. 64 (to the right) T. 4. vii, Jul. 191 5. (Japanese.) 80 81 Mycologia Amphigenous ; niycelia persistent or evanescent, thin, filmy; hyphae filamentous, colorless, branching, septate, 3-4 /x across; perithecia gregarious or scattered, spheroid or depressed-spheroid, /O-icO/ix diam. ; perithecial walls membranaceous, dark-brown, composed of cells 10-18 /x wide; appendages 16-20 altogether, delicate, filiform, straight or infiexed about the middle, continu- ous, glabrous, equally thickened, spirally helicoid at the apex. 150- 440 X 6-7 /a; asci 6-8 in one perithecium, ellipsoid or ovoid, uni- cellular, hyaline, one or two nucleate at the middle, 15-20X9- II /x. On Carpi)ius s]). Localit}- and distribution : Not given. Figures (woodcut) give the shape of appendages. Differs from the type by having ( i ) amphigenous and much smaller perithecia, (2) very long appendages measuring 1.5 to 4 times as long as the perithecium and in numbers and dimensions of asci and ascospores. Uncixula negator (Schw.) Ikirr. var. Adinidiac K. Hara comb. nov. in Dainippon Sanrin Kwaiho (Journ. Forestry Assoc. Japan) Tokyo, no. 392, p. 63-64, i text fig. on p. 64 (middle). T. 4. vii, Jul. 191 5. (Japanese.) U. Actinid'mc Miyabe ex Salm. Monogr. Kris. loi. 1900 (nom. nud.). Spots amphigenous. white or cinereous, irregular, somewhat pulverulent; mycelia tliin, eft'used. persistent or evanescent; hyphae filamentous, branched, septate, 3-4 /x diam. ; perithecia amphigenous, scattered or gregarious, spheroid or complanate- spheroid, 80-120 /x, average icOfi diam.; cells forming perithecial wall 10-20 /x, rarely zt^ix wide, dark-brown; appendages 10-23, linear, simple or rarely forked, 3-7 septate or continuous, color- less above, usually 6-8 /x across, strongly helicoid at the apex, swollen at the base with diam. 9-13 i^. total length 100-250 /x. commonly, 200 ;a; asci 4-6. ovoid, ellipsoid or spheroid, beakless or occasionally beaked. 50-60X35-40/". spherical ones 50 /x diam. ; ascospores 4-6, hyaline, ellipsoid or ovoid, 18-23 X 10-13 /x. On Actinidia polygama and Actinidia Kolomikta. Locality and distribution : Not given. Illustrations (woodcut) gives appendages, ascus, and asco- spores. In comparison, several appendages of U. necator from wine grape are figured to the left hand. Tanaka: Xhw Japanese Fungi 82 Note: Salmon states that the f)ccurrcncc of tliis fundus on Actinidia in Japan snc^fjests that native h^-ahty of }J[rai)e mildew disease in ihc ( )ri(.ni ( Monogr. Erisiph. 1900, p. loi ), but Hara considers there is evidently a considerable morphological tlififer- ence between this and the typical U. nccaior, the former being characterized by short, stout, subrigid appendages, with rli'^tinct swollen bases, and by typically bcakless asci. M u KdSi'ii Ai'.K A \i..\i ( W'ahr. ) Salm. forma Quercus-glanduli- ferae K. llara forma udv. in DainipjKJii Sanrin Kwaiho (Jourrt. Forestry Assoc. Japan ) Tokyo, 392 : 64 Jul. 1015. ( japaneses.) Appendages once branch dichotomously about the middle. Other characters same as type. On Oucrciis gland ulif era. Locality and distribution not given. Mackoimioma Cokctiori Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Xojiho (Formosan Agric. Review) Taihoku, 120: 868-871. T. 5, xi, Nov. iyi6. (Japanese.) Spots indefinite : mycelia corticolous or lignicolous, occasionally formed in medulla, colorless; hyphae aseptale, branching. 3-8 /x across, freely passing through the host cells ; pycnidia sub- epidermal, punctiform, black, with ostiola erumpent, s])heroid, depressed-spheroid or ovoid, often sul)-confluent. 98-225 X 89- 2~^Ijl; cells forming perithecial wall multiserial. black; ostiola with round oi)enings 15/'. in diam. ; conidiophores numerous, densely coarctate. cylindric, somewhat tapering toward the apex, simple, straight or slightly curved, continuous, hyaline, 10-14 X 2.5-3.3^0, terminated by a single pycnospore ; pycnosj^ores ovoid- oblong, oblong-ellipsoid or short-clavate. rounded at the a])ex, ob- suse at the base, straight or slightly curved,, smooth, unicellular, finely guttulate, hyaline. i'")-32 X 7-10 /u. On Corchonis caf^sularis (jute). Locality; Formosa (widely distributed). Notes: The diseases of jute have not yet been well studied by pathologists even though the plant is so important as a source of textile fiber. Sawada states that this dieback disease is one of tjie most devastating jute diseases in'Formosa and the annual loss is sometimes recorded as 30-40 '^y of the total crop. The only remedy for this is said to be to avoid an insufficient supply of potash in the soil, and Bordeaux mixture was shown to be no protection against the disease. 83 Mycologia Sawada gives (on p. 864) five more species of fungi attacking the jute plant in Formosa, among which two are new, that is, Phyllosticta Corchori Sawada sp. nov., Hymemila nigra Sawada sp. nov., Hypochnus ccntrifugus (Lev.) Tul., Sphacroptheca fuUginea (Schlecht) Pollacci,.and Rhkoctonia Solani Kuehn. Peronospgra CHENOPODii-FiciFOLii Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan, Sotokufu Noji Shikenjo (Agr. Exp. Sta. Formosa) Circular. Publication No. loi, p. 9-10, 15, figs. 6-10, June, 1916 (Japa- nese) : in Taiwan Nojiho (The Formosan Agr. Review) No. 155, p. 29, 32, figs. 6-10. June 20, 1 91 6. (Japanese.) Hypophyllous, forming a pale-purplish-gray growth on the under surface of leaves, discoloration rather prominent, pale- yellow, round or irregular, about 1-27 mm. in diam., sometimes covering entire under surface ; hyphae intercellular, colorless, aseptate, 7-12 /x across haustoria simple or branched at the tips. mostly more or less spiral, 10-20 X 3-4 /><•; conidiospores caespi- tose from stromata. 240-500 X 8-14 4iu. 3-6-rarely 7-times dicho- tomously branching, all branches extremely curved, average of main stem and branches first to fifth orders measuring respectively 310.4 X 10.5, 33-9X6.5, 27.6 X5-a 24.1X40; 16.4X3-8- and 10.2 X 3-4 /a; conidia oblong or somewhat ellipsoid, papillate at the basal ends, fuliginous or cinereous. 26-36 X 17-25 (average 30.6 X 20.9), germinate with germ tubes ; germ tubes not conspicuously swollen at the base, 4-7 ix. Oogonial stage not known. On Chenopodium ficifolium, parasitic, Taiwan (Formosa), common. Peronospora effusa (Grev.) Ces. var. minor Casp.) on Spinacia oleracea (spinach: Horenso in Japanese) and Perono- spora Chenopodii Casp. (=p. cffttsa var. major Casp.) on Cheno- podium album are also studied, and inoculation experiments proved the independence of all of these three species. Morpho- logically, this species dififers from P. effusa in having (i) spots more intensely colored, (2) hyphae in host tissues thicker with more or less spiral haustoria, (3) curved branches of conidiophore much longer in every respect. (4) papillate conidia more intensely colored, and much longer, (5) germ tubes not conspicuously swollen at the base; from P. chenopodii in having (i) more loose and less branching conidiophores, the main stems of which appear more slender, (2) conidia much longer, mostly oblong. Tanaka: New Japanese Fungi 84 The present idea regarding? the omnivorous nature of perono- sporaceous fungi will have to be greatly altered, as is proved in this case by inoculation experiments which show an entire lack of relationship among species occurring on closely related host plants, even growing in the same field. Sawada also succeeded in making the following three independent species from what has been known as the lettuce downy mildew fungus, Bremia Lactucae, which attacks 66 species belonging to 24 genera so far as has been described. (i) Bremia sonchi K. Sawada sp. nov. in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi (Botan. Magaz.) Tokyo, 22>^-'': 80-83. Text fig. 2. Feb., 1914. (Japanese.) Foliicolous or caulicolous; spots small, polygonal, rarely cover entire surface in lower leaves ; aerial hyphae usually scanty, arach- noid when appearing on lower leaves ; intercellular hyphae hyaline, continuous, finally granulate, 8-17/*; haustoria sj)herical. occa- sionally obovoid or subclav^ate, 11-24 X7-13M conidiophores caespitous from stomata, whole length 230-560 /a, upper half 3-6 times dichotomously brnncliing, the dimension of main stem, and branches of first to fourth orders respectively measuring 286 X 9, 74 X 8, 65 X 6. 52 X 4, 43 X 3-5/^, basal portion of main stem somewhat swelling, each branch rather slender, curved, rarely i- septate throughout the conidiophore, swellings of terminal branches spherical, 2-6 sterigmate, sterigmata 4-7X2.5-3/*, terminated by single standing conidia ; conidia mostly globose, oc- casionally obovoid, flat-papillate above, small-pedicellate below, containing protoplasm highly reflecting light. 1 7-24 X 1 3-2 1 /*, germinate in 2 hours; germ tubes 3-5-6 yu, diam., varying in thick- ness through the growth. On Sonchus oleraccus. Locality : Taiwan (Formosa). Common. Illustration : One woodcut figure showing conidiophore, hau- storia and conidia. Inoculation result is only positive on above plant, negative on Crcpis japonica, Lactiica debilis, Lactuca laciniota, Lactuca scariola var. sativa (Lettuce), Arctium Lappa. Hcmistcpta cartha- iiioidcs, Sonclnis oleraccus, and Taraxacum platycarpum. Chief morphological diflerence from B. Lactucae lies in (i) the situation of lowest branch of conidiophore nearly at the 85 Mycologia middle, not at one-third or one-fifth of the whole length as in B. Lactucae, (2) the form of disk of terminal branches of coni- diophore nearly spherical instead of disk-shaped. (2) Bremia saussureae Sawada sp. nov. 1. c. p. 80-83. Text fip-. 2. Foliicolous ; spots pale-yellowish, polygonal, about 15 mm.' broad, forming a dense white growth on the under surface 0+' leaves ; intercellular hypae running through mesophyll tissues, granulate, 8-17 |U across; haustoria ovoid, obovoid, or irregular, 14-27 X 5~I4/^' conidiophore single or caespitose from stomata, very long, 270-1021 fi, 3-6 dichotomously branching, branches all short and stout, the dimension of main stem and branches of first to fourth orders measuring respectively 622 X 10.* 57 X 8, 37X7, 28X5, i8X4m, septate (usually 5-6), swellings of terminal branches 4-6 sterigmate, sterigmata 6-10 X 3 M; termi- nated by single standing conidia ; conidia conspicuously large, broadly ellipsoid to elongate-oblong, flat-papillate above, pedi- cellate below, granulate, 24-57 X 18-28 /x, hyaline, germinate in 2 hours, germ tubes 4.5-7 /a across, not uniform in diameter. On Hemistcpta carthamoides (=Saussurea affiuis not Spreng.). Locality : Taiwan (Formosa). Common. Illustration : One woodcut text figure showing conidiophore, conidia, and haustoria. Inoculation experiment negative on Crepis japonica, Sanchns oleraceus, Lactuca dehilis, Lactuca scariola var. saliz'a, Lactuca laciniata, Arctium Lappa, and Taraxacum platycarpum. (3) Bremia ovata Sawada sp. nov. 1. c. p. 83-84. Text fig. 3. Hyphae 7 /x across ; conidiophores caespitose, total length almost I mm., 3-8 times dichotomously branching, usually 7-8 septate, main stem comparatively long, branches short, average dimension of main stem and branches of first to fifth orders measuring re- spectively 591X8. 55X6, 52X5, 44X3-5. 24X3- 13X3/*; swelling a terminal branch spherical or top-shaped, 3-7 sterig- mate ; sterigma 6-8 /a long ; conidia ovoid or oblong-ovoid, minutely pedicellate below, apical papilla obsolete, 14-18 X 10-13 /x, hyaline, granulate, germinate with germ tubes; germ tubes 3.5-4 ^a across, nearly uniform in thickness. On Crepis japonica, occurring with Protomyccs Inonyei P. Henn. Locality: Taiwan (Formosa). Rare. Tanaka: Xkvv Jai-anese Fungi 86 Illustration : One woodcut text figure showing conidiophore and conidia. Sufficient material was not secured to make inoculation experi- ments. The species is characterized by the very short terminal branch of the conidiophore, the long main stem, ovoid conidia, and uniform growth of germ tubes. Helicobasididum mom pa N. Tanaka forma macrosporiim K. Hara form. nov. in Dainippon Sanshi Kwaiho (Journ. Seric. Assoc. Japan) Tokyo. 26^"^^: 725. T. 6. ix. Sept., 1917. (Japanese.) Sporidia oblong-ovoid, straight or curved, rounded at the apex, gradually pointing toward the base, 15-25 X6-8/x, average "18 X 7/^'. On Morns. Locality: Not given. This form is to be distinguished from the typical " Mompa " fungus, which has much smaller sporidia, measuring 10-15 X 5- y IX. (X. Tanaka. in Journ. Coll. Sci., Tokyo. 4^: 194. 1891.) On account of the absence of protobasidia, the species belongs to Hclicobasidiiiiii instead of to Septobasidium-, to which it was transferred l)y Raciborski in 1909 (Bull. Int. Ac. Sci. Cracovie ; Math. -Nat.. Ann. 1909: 365). Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI TVOZAHUHO Reprinted from Mycologia, Vol. XI, No. 3, May, 1919 (Reprintetl from M vtoi.oc.iA. \ol. XI.. Xo. 3. May, 1919.I NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— VII Tyozahuko Taxaka DiDYMEr.L.\ MdRr I\. Mara sp. nov. in Dainippon Sanshi Kwaiho (Journ. Sericultural Association of Japan), 26''"': 388. i text cut. May, 19 17. (Japanese.) Spots inconspicuous; perithecia scattered, punctiform, black, covered by the epidermis which is raised and finally ])ierced, globoid or depressed globoid, 200-250 ;», high, 250-300 ju in diam. ; perithecia! wall thick, fungoid-parenchymatous, black, cells not definitely distinguished ; asci cylindric or long clavate, rounded above, attenuate to short sterigmata below, 70-80 X 5-8/^, octo- sporous, pciraphysate ; ascospores obliquely monostichous, fusoid, ellipsoid or sub-ovoid, slightly narrowed at both ends, uniseptate at the middle, more or less constricted, 2-3-nucleate in the young stage, homogenous at maturity, colorless, 12-15 X 5-6 /^^ ; para- physes filiform, longer than asci. i fj. across. Illustrations : One text cut with four figures showing spots, perithecium, asci, and ascospores. On twigs of Moms alba. Type locality: Mino (Gifu-ken Prefecture) Kawakanii-nuu-a, Oct., 1915, K. Hara. Mycospiiaerell.\ CoL.^CASIAF, K. Hara sp. nov. in Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journ. Plant Protection), Tokyo. 5^: 355-356. May, 1917. (Japanese.) Perithecia scattered, punctiform, immersed, later enunpent, globoid or depressed globoid. 60-120 ;a diam., black; i)erithecial wall fungoid-parenchymatous, dark-brown, cells 5-13 ^ across; ostiola terminal, verrucaeform or papilliform, often not promi- nent, simply perforated, openings comparatively large, 25-30 /* across ; asci cylindric or clavate, inconspicuously pointed above or more generally rounded, attenuate below, ])cdicellate, 45-70 X 8.5-iO/i, octosporous ; ascospores biseriate, fusoid, more or less excentrically uniseptate, constricted, upper cell broader and 148 149 Mycologia shorter, pointed, lower cell sometimes attenuate, mostly rounded, 2-nucleate in each cell. 13-17X4-5/^, hyaline, colorless. On leaves of Colocasia antiqnoruui. Type locality: Not given. Probably Main Island (Honshu), Japan. Spots solitary or confluent, at first round, testaceous brown, 1.5 mm. across, finally increasing to 6-30 mm., concentrically zoned and more or less sunken from the surface level, with dark brown margin and broad surrounding area of the same color; perithecia appear on the upper surface of the spots.. When the diseased spots reach full maturity they can be seen from the lower surface of the leaf and appear light brownish with dark green margin. The disease is frequently observed when the host plants are cultivated in damp soil and the first symptoms show during the hottest season. The disease greatly decreases the crop as the tubers cannot grow to the usual size. For protection against this disease Bordeaux mixture should be used twice or three times in early summer, and if the diseased leaves can be found they should be carefully collected and buried underground with lime. Also avoid cultivation on low, damp soil. Valsa Mali Miyabe et Yamada ex M. Miura in Noji Shiken Seiseki (Agricultural Experiment Station lUilletin) Aomori- ken, Japan, No. 15: 117-141. ph. 1-3, T. 4, ix, Nov., 1915. (Japanese.) Hyphae septate, hyaline or very pale olivaceous, intercellular, 2-4 /x across ; stromata cortical, punctiform or wart-like, of various sizes (1-3 mm. diam. in cultures), no definite border to the host substratum, black, hyphae slate-black to black ; pycnidia deeply immersed at the center of a stroma, flask-shaped, opening with a slender canal-like neck, 80-200 ^u, diam., circumscribed by black walls ; pycnospores expelled as thread-like bufif tendrils which at maturitv are readily disseminated by water ; cylindrical or allan- toid, obtuse at both ends, /-ioXi-I-Sm- homogeneous inside, hyahne ; perithecia circinate surrounding the pycnidial cavity, flask-shaped, long-necked, with black walls, of various sizes, 100-250 /x diam. :, asci numerous, clavate, often pedicellate, 20-30 X 5-8 /x, hyaline, octosporus, aparaphysate ; ascospores cylindrical, slightly curved, continuous, nearly as large as pycnidia, hyaline, agranulate. T.waka: Xi:\v J.\ panics!-; Frxr.i 150 ( )n apple. cau>iii,i; a xjiiicw hai ck-siruclivc blij^ht disease, called " l"'uranbyu " in Japanese. The disease first appears on the sur- face of brandies as brownish spots with irregular or nearly oblong circumference, slightly elevated from healthy portion, then gradu- ally drying out, inconsiderably >uiikt!i, more or less darkened, and cracking on the outer surface, finally disclosing the pustules which are scattered oxer the diseased surface. No secretion of luiuid was observed, which is usual in case of fire-blight ( Iliya- kebyo) caused by Bacillus amylovorus also known in northern Japan. Type locality : Xot given. Distribution : Northern part of Honshu ami Hokkaido. The name. J\ilsa Mali, first appeared in a list of important fruit diseases of North Island compiled by Sapporo Agricultural Col- lege, which was exhibited at the Fifth Industrial Exposition held at Osaka during 1903-04 ("Sapporo Nogakko Hen, Hokkaido Juyo Kwaju Uyogai" n. d., printed before April i, 1903), later described by Y. Takahashi and H. Okamoto in Hokkaido Noji Shikenjo Iho (Circular of the Hokkaido Agr. Exp. Sta.) No. 5: 39-41, fig. 18, published March, 1908. A more detailed account of the fungus was given by Dr. A. Ideta in his Nippon Shokubutsu Byorigaku (Handbook of the Plant Diseases in Japan) ed. 4. pt. i (1909), pp. 295-297, where the original drawing of Prof. G. Yamada is first printed and the dimensions of ascopores are given as 8 X 1.5 /A. Cultural tests were recently reported by Dr. T. Hemmi in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc, 6-: 146-152 (July, 1916), and in Journ. 'J'nhuku Imp. L'niv., Coll. of Agric, 7*: 2//-28J (Aug., 1916), where the activity of the growth is stated to be remarkably accelerated by an addition of 0.1-0.2 per cent, pyrotannic acid or 0.8 per cent, citric acid to the culture medium. DiAPORTiiE Mali Miura sp. nov. in Noji Shiken Seiseki ( .\gr. Exp. Sta., Bull.) .\omori-ken. Japan. No. 15 : 77-1 16, pis. 2. ?, 5. T. 4. ix. Nov., 1915. (Japanese.) Poniiicolous. caulicolous. often foliicolous ; mature spots on fruits 2-8 mm. diam., size not increasing further under natural conditions, round, solitary or irregularly coalescent, more or less 151 ]\Iycologia sunken, usually deeper in color than the healthy part, changing the underlying tissue to brown or dark-brown, tissue becoming spongy, imparting slightly bitter taste; hyphae intercellular, septate, 2-5 /x diam., readily producing chlamydospores and cylindrospores in culture; chlamydospores (formed in culture) catenulate, cinereous or greenish, thick-walled, conspicuously constricted at the junc- tion, numerously granulate, 10-14 X 5-8 /a; cylindrospores (formed in culture from fruit spot) straight or curved, tapering toward the apex, pale pinkish-brown in mass, colorless or indistinctly greenish when observed alone, 2-7-septate, occasionally con- stricted at septum, 38-70 X 3-3-5 ;«, those obtained from leaves in culture measuring 32-80 X 3-4 /«■ ; pycnidia, formed as brownish black spots on the surface of entirely decayed fruit, numer- ous, irregular or often growing in concentric zones, after- wards covered by white or pale olivaceous-white cottony hyphae, semi-spherical, 70-220 X 70-130 /x, at full maturity exuding from the central opening, a pinkish-brown semi-liquid sub- stance composed of two kinds of pycnospores, characteris- tic of the genus Phomopsis; conidiospores 15-18 X 2-3 /x; Phoma-spore ellipsoidal, pointed rather distinctly at both ends, contiunous, hyaline, guttulate at both ends, 7-9 X 3-4 1^- ', Septoria- spore filiform, slightly curved either near the apex or at the middle, continuous, hyaline, 24-32 X 1-3 Ai ; stromata formed in culture and on decayed twigs placed on culture media, irregular, black outside, white inside, 3-7 mm. diam., producing flat, cen- tral Phomosis pycnidia of about 1-1.5 nim. diam., and a certain number of surrounding Diaporthe perithecia with protruding ostiola visible to the naked eye; perithecia (observed on twigs above mentioned) spheroidal or oblate-spheroidal, 300-450 /a diam., with intensely black outer wall and light-brown inner wall ; ostiola rather long, conspicuously hairy near the end, with pro- jecting hyphae; asci fusoid, obtuse above, inconspicuously pedicel- late below, 45-52 X 5-io/x, octosporous, aparaphysate; ascospores biseriate, fusoid, both ends obtuse, one-septate, constricted, 2- nucleate in each cell, hyaline, 11-13 X 3-5-4-5;i*- Leaf-spots occur as pale discolored areas of 1-2 cm. diam., usu- ally producing leaf-curl and final defohation during the summer, showing under microscope mycelial development through the tis- sue. Young shoots as well as bearing twigs also show irregular brownish infection at the point about six inches from the end, gradually drying and cracking the surface, finally causing death of the tip of the shoot. On fruit, leaf and twig of apple. Tanaka: New J.\1'ani:sk Fungi 152 Locality: Northern Japan (very common). Illustration: Two collotype plates showing infections of twigs and fruits of apple, one lithograi)hic plate giving detailed struc- ture of the fungus in various stages. Note: The fruit spot of apple (Hcikwa uo Hantenbyo in Jajja- nese) here described is very widely distributed throughout the territory, most frequently occurring on Jonathan apple, the spotted fruit of whicli i5 almost considered as characteristic of the variety. Though closely resembling Phoma Pomi Pass, in the cylindrospore formation, the Phomopsis stage is entirely dil'fercnt from that, indicating a common identity with Plioinopsis Mali Rob. which is reported as occurring only on twigs and not on fruits. The discovery of the ascogenous form in culture enabled the investigator to prove these observed forms stages of Diaporthe. " Diaporteose " is proposed as the new English name for this disease. Thragmidium Rubi-Sieboldii Kawagoe sp. nov. in Kagoshima Koto Norin Gakko Gakujutsu Hokoku (Bull., Kagoshima Imj). Coll. Agr. and Forest.), Kagoshima. no. i ; 201-203. i pi. T. 5, iii. ]\Iar., 1916. (Japanese.) III. Telia hy{)ophyIlous, elongated, orange yellow, {|uite con- spicuous macroscopically as silky protrusions of veins through laciniately ruptured epidermis, discoloration of the upper surface being brownish, the margin of which is rather indefinite ; hyphae bundles projecting from cortical as well as bast portion of sub- strata attain to 2.200 /u, in whole length when measured with tclio- spore bundles ; teliospores elongate-lanceolate with conspicuously long pedicels, mostly 5-celled, gradually narrowed and sharply l)ointed at the apex, 136-221 X I5-6)U,, the terminal cell occupying nearly one half of total length, slightly constricted at the septum, membrane smooth, equally thick, hyaline, 2 /a across, contents granular, mixed with oil globules, orange yellow ; pedicels very long, average 2.000 /* in length, membrane thicker than that of spore, measuring 3 /x across, smooth and hyaline, contents also hyaline. On leaves of Rubns Sleholdii. Type locality : Toso, Nakagoriu-mura. Kagoshima-gun, Kago- shima-ken. (K. Toyohira, May, 191 1.) 153 iSlYCOLOGIA Illustration: One lithographic plate with a photograph of af- fected leaf. Teliospores and a magnified cross section of telia are given. The fungus, discovered only in the place above mentioned, is of doubtful importance so long as the connections with other forms remain obsolete. The fungus occurs on the plant about the beginning of May and lasts until the end of June. PoLYPORUS PUBERTATis Yasuda sp. nov. in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi (Botan. Magaz.) Tokyo, 3o"'^^ : 66. ]\Iar., 1916 (Japanese); 1. c. 3i3«2. ^^_ Feb., 1917 (nom. nud.). Pilei firmly suberose, sessile, dimidiate, margin semi-circular, cross-section triangular, thick, 7.5-8 X 3-4 X 2-3 cm., light ; sur- face even, minutely velvety with soft fuzzy hairs, azonate, sub- fuscous; context sub-fuscous, thick; tubes long, about 0.5-1 cm., thick-walled, pinkish ; mouths small, rotund ; spores numerous, ellipsoid, smooth, 5 X 3At- On wood bark. Type locality : Miyagi-mura Kashiwagura, Seta-gun, Kodzuke- nokuni (Gunma-ken prefecture), collected by Jugoro Tsunoda. Japanese name : Honen-take. Notes : In the latter article this fungus is placed under Sect. 4. Fusci, c. " Hymenium ohne Zystiden ; Sporen gefarbt." Neottiospora Theae Sawada sp. nov. in Noji Shikenjo Toku- betsu Hokoku (Special report, Agr. Exp. Station) Taiwan (Formosa), No. 11 : 113, pi. 4, fio^- 3(^3^- T. 4, "- Feb., 191 5. (Japanese.) Spots epiphyllous, irregular, cinereous to brown, sparingly dotted with black, minute fruiting bodies, margin definite, ele- vated, purplish-black; pycnidia subepidermal, black, depressed globose to spheroid, 84-93 X 108-135 ja, erumpent with ostiola ; pycnospores cylindrical, both ends rounded or obtuse, 12-14 X 3/^» unicellular, hyaline, ciliate at one end ; setae filamentous, 9-1 1 /x. long. On leaves of TJica sinensis. Occurring rarely on mature leaves in Formosa and seems to cause no serious damage. Type locality : Shinchikucho Nansho, May 3, 1910. Y. Fujikuro. Illustrations : Two black and white lithographic figures. Taxaka: .\'i;w JAi'Axnsn Fi ni,i 154 Pestalozzia Goss^l■ll llori >p. nov. ex S. Thuriula. in Uyochu-jijai Zasshi ( Joiirii. I'luiu I'rotcctioiij 4'': 27-28. 'J". 6, iii. Mar., 1917. (Japanese.) Spot ochraccuus-l)r()\vii, ahuiu \() nun. diani. willi irri-f;nlarly zoned fuliejincous niarfjin ; accrvuli pnnctate at the middle part of the spot, first covered hy epidermis, then ernnipent. black. 212- 255 ;u broad; conidiophores hyaline, 2-4X0.6-0.9/1.; conidia clavate. thickened at the a])ex, gradually narrowed toward the base. 5-celled. terminal and basal cells hyaline, 3 inner cells fulvous, the middle cell most strongly darkened (18-27 X 4-8/*) ; setae 2-3. slightly swollen at the apex, hyaline, 6-16 X i.6/x. On leaves of Gossypiuni herhacenm. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken (prefecture) Ogasa-gun Hiki- mura, Dec. 10, 1916, S. Tsuruda. Japanese name of the disease: Somen no Hanmonbyo (Leaf- blotch of cotton). The disease caused a little damage on the upland cotton in the Shidzuoka prefecture during the wet harvest season of 1916 but has never been reported from any other cotton-growing sec- tions of Japan or Chosen (Korea). It is very easily distinguished from ordinary " Hantenbyo " (Leaf-spot disease, caused by Cer- cospora gossypina Cke.) by its reddish-buffy-brown spots which, in the latter species, present a grayish-brown portion less con- spicuously dotted in the center with acervuli. The dimensions of the conidia. which are omitted in the original publication, were obtained by communication with the original author. Mr. Tsuruda. who, to our greatest regret, died a few days before the reply containing this information reached the writer of this review. Bureau of Plant I.ndustry, W'ASMINGTOiV, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI TyozaburS Tanaka IReprinted from Mycolocia, Vol. XII.. No. i, January, 1920 (Reprinted I'rotti Mycoloc.ia, \'o1. XII , No. i, Jiimiary, 1920.) is NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— VIII Tyozaburo Tanaka Phytophthora Carica (Hara) Hori ex K. Sawada in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.) no. 26: 174-179. T. 5, xi, Nov. 1916. (Jap- anese.) Kazvakamia Carica Hara, Nogyokoku (Country of /Agricul- ture) 9^: 24-27. Mar. 1915 ; in Nippon Engei Zasshi (Journ. Hort. Soc, Japan) so*: 20-22. Apr. 1918. Phytophthora Fici Hori, Byochii-gai Zasshi (Journ. Plant Prot.) 2": 930-932. Nov. 1915. Phytophthora Carica (Hara) Hori in Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journ. Plant Prot.) 2'^-: 1015-1017. Dec. 1915. Phytophthora Carica Plara, K. Hara's Kwaju Byogairon (A Discourse on Fruit Diseases) p. 431-436. Nov. 1916. Phytophthora sp. Moeller in Bot. Mittheil. a. d. Tropen 9 :3. 1901 (ex Sawada) ; V.'ilson in Mycologia 4": yy. 1914. (ex Sawada). Aerial hyphae branching, thin-walled, continuous or septate at maturity, hyaline, 3-TO/1 across: conidiophores solitary or fasci- culate, much resembling aerial hyphae, simple or branching di- rectly below the conidium, or irregularly forked, continuous or rarely septate. 36-480 ;u long, seldom attaining to i,ooo/x, 3.5-4.5/1 across ; conidia pyriform, oblong, ellipsoid, ovoid, or fusoid, bear- ing a distinct papilla 4-8 /x long, thin-walled, finely granulate, hyaline, 26-112 X 16-45 /x, ^^'all contiguous to the end of conidio- phores, often thickened, falling oft at times with a part of coni- diophore, germinating in water with germ tube or liberating zoospores after 35 minutes ; zoospores several dozen from one conidia. ovoid or ellipsoid, ciliate at both ends, 12X8/1. later transforming themselves into transparent, spherical rcsting-spores of 9~i2/i in diam., which also soon germinate with germ tube 3-4/1 across; germ tubes of conidia protrude usually from apical 25 26 Mycologia papilla but occasionally from other part much branched, 4-10 /j. across, often terminated by acrogenous secondary spore of the shape of conidia, otherwise a globe, which germinates with germ tube or produces zoospores on germination ; chlamydospores formed in the host tissue at ends of endogenous hyphae, seldom, formed on conidiophores, globose, ochraceous, 15-49JL1, commonly 40-45 fji, wall at first thin, later thickened to measure 2 fx. across ; oogonia and oospore yet unknown. On Ficus Carica, causing white-rot (Shiro-kusare in Japanese) of fruits. Type localities : Komaba, Tokyo, College of Agriculture grounds, on " White Genoa," Sept. 1909, S. Kawagoe & K. Hara (ex Hara) ; Gumma-ken Agricultural Experiment Station grounds, on "Black California," Sept. 191 5 (ex Hori). Distribution: Taiwan (Formosa), also occurring on "Black California" (ex Sawada). Hara states (in Kwaju Byogairon p. 432) the disease com- mences in August or September. The fruit becomes darker in color and water-logged in appearance and is followed by imme- diate liquefaction and decay. The affection is at first limited to a small sunken area, but soon spreads over the entire fruit, devel- oping in a few days a thick cottony cover of mycelium on it.'> surface. A disagreeable odor usually accompanies the decay. The surface of rotten fruits remaining on the twig is white and longitudinally wrinkled in the dried condition. Illustrations: Hara's Kwaju Byogairon (p. 433) gives 8 wood- cut figures illustrating the details of the fungus. Notes: According to Hara's point of view, the genus Kawa- kanvia ought to have its conidiophores unbranched or at least not branching immediately below the conidia (Hara '18 p. 22. See above). This distinction, however, is very uncertain and unre- liable, as irregular branching of conidiophores is often observed in well established species of Phytophthora, e. g. P. omnivora. Sawada, dwelling upon Kawakamia Cyperi (Publication no. 102 of Agric. Exp. Stat., Taiwan, p. 10-18. June, 1916), rightly pointed out that the most important difiference of Kazvakamia from Phytophthora consists in having (i) well-developed haus- toria and (2) its antheridia not tightly surrounding the oogonia! Tanaka: Nkw Japanese Fungi 27 stalk, but simply attaching to the wall of o<)gonia at an arbitrary point, and (3) in its obligate parasitic nature. The conidium of Kaivakamia is often reported to bear a collar cell at the basal end, but Sawada found this as a mere thickening of the wall, which is more prominent in Kaivakamia than in Phytnphthora. Capnodium Tanakae Shirai and Hara sp. nov. in K. Ilara's Kwaju Byogairon (A discourse on fruit diseases) p. 23(>-242. T. 5, xi, Nov. 1916. (Japanese.) Perilhecia cylindric, simple or branched, with enlarged spher- ical apex containing asci, wall fungoid-parenchymatous in tex- ture ; asci clavate, tapering at both ends when fully matured, 6-8- spored, 30-45 X 10-12 /x; ascospores oblong or fusoid, not acutely pointed at both ends but rather blunt, 3-septate, fuscous, 10- 15X4-5/^- Saprophytic on fruits of Citrus grandis (pummelo), forming irregular patches of thin felt of dirty blackish color, which only reflect the light slightly. In culture, hyphae and a form of conidia developed, which are not sufficiently worked out to prove whether they belong to a generation of this species or something else. Hyphae thus formed are at first whitish, then turn to the characteristic sooty color, plentiful, branching, septate, 3-5 /x across ; upright hyphae resume a role of conidiophores, producing catenulate conidia at the end ; conidia ellipsoid or ovoid, both ends rounded, smooth, continuous, 10-17 X 5-7 m- The crust is distinctly lighter in color than that of Capnodium salicinum and lacks the luster almost entirely. Microscopic char- acters are also distinct. No species resembling this has hitherto been described. Illustrations: One woodcut and i black and white halftone fig- ure showing the details of the fungus. Note: The type material was collected by Tanaka at Kajiya, Yoshihama-mura, Kanagaa-ken, Nov. 7, 1909. Gloeosporium foliicolum Nishida sp. nov. in T. Nishida's Shin- pen Kankitsu no Byogai to Yoboho (A new discourse on citrus diseases and their protective measures) Tokyo, p. iii- 115. T. 3, xi, Nov. 1914. (Japanese). 28 Mycologia Gloeosporium citricolum Hori in Kwaju (Fruit Tree) no. 123: 21. June, 1913 ; in Engei no Tomo (Friend of Horticulture) 9': 627. Jul. 1913; in S. Hori's Shokubutsu Byogai Kowa (Lectures on plant diseases) 2: 113-114. Nov. 1916. not Massee. Acervuli plentifully formed on upper surface of fallen leaves, also appearing in less amount on lower surface, scattered or more or less loosely gregarious, first subepidermal, later erumpent and raised, light reddish-brown, about 120 ju, in diam., also occur- ring on young twigs and on fruits ; conidiophores densely fascicu- late, cylindric, subacutely tapering toward the apex, 2-3-septate, branching, hyaline, 36-48 X 4-5 ;"-, terminated by conidia ; conidia cylindric, not curved, rounded at the apex, bluntly pointed at the base, hyaline, sparingly nucleate, 14-20 X 4-6 /x, germinating from either end. On Citrus spp. particularly on Navel orange, Satsuma (Citrus nobilis var. Unshiii), and Natsu-daidai (Japanese summer orange resembling grape-fruit). Localities : Prefectures Wakayama, Hiroshima ; Islands Kyii- shu, Taiwan. Spots first appear on leaves in spring and summer as cloud- like irregular patches of somewhat dark color, which are in- definitely margined from the healthy part. Such leaves soon lose their vigor and defoliation immediately follows. Minute pinkish pustules then appear plentifully on the surface of fallen leaves. New shoots and fresh tips of the twig are also attacked, causing immediate change of color to yellowish-brown and finally to black, resulting in the entire death of that portion. On fruit, brownish spots are commonly met with, which soon develop pinkish pustules on the surface as in the case of the leaf. Illustrations: i photograph (halftone) of badly damaged Sat- suma plant at Wakayama prefecture (in 1911) ,and i woodcut show- ing a diseased leaf, conidiospores and conidia (both in Nishida I.e.). Notes : In above cited literature Hori insists on the similarity of this fungus to Gloeosporium citricolum Massee, though it seems rather distinct in having branched conidiophores. Hemmi recently pointed out the parasitic nature of this fungus in Sap- poro Norin Gakkwaiho (Journ. Soc. Agric. & Forestry, Sap- Tanaka: New Japanese Fungi 2!t poro) lo""': 239-282. Oct. 1918, while Sawada (in Taiwan Aj^r. Exp. Stat. I'lililir. No. 100: 4. Jvinc 1916) aiul ITara (Dis- course on fruit diseases p. 284. 1916) maintain their opinion that this is saprophytic. The disease is now widely spread all over Japan and Formosa causing aimually somewhat notable damage to various kinds of Citrus, especially to Satsuma orange. Protective measures are also studied by local agricultural experi- ment stations, for instance Wakayama-ken prefectural station (see Progress Report for Fiscal Year Taisho 3, 1914, etc., etc.). Dactvlaria Panici-paludosi Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Haku- butso Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc). no. 22: 7S-80. T. 4, xii, Dec. 1915. (Japanese). Foliicolous ; spots at first orbicular, later forming fusiform areas of 5-23 X 2-4 mm., olivaceous-brown, then producing a gray or dark-colored, dusty substance which covers the lower surface, finally changing from the middle, into straw color ; conidiophores fasciculate, simple or occasionally branched; curved near the apex, 1-3-septatc, cinereous, 80-160 X 4-5 h-, bearing a few conidia. not more than 10; conidia oblong-ovoid to obclavate, obtuse at the apex, rounded or rostrate at the base, 2-septate, slightly constructed, hyaline or cinereous, 17-26 X 8.5-12/^1, aver- age 22 X 10.2 fjL, germinating in water in two hours, germ tube long, 2/1 in diam., never producing chlamydospores. On living leaves of Panicum paludosum. Type localitie;s : Chonaihosho. Taihoku-cho, Taiwan, Apr. 5 & Oct. 25, 1907, Suzuki; Aug. 13 tS: Nov. 16, 1908, Fujikuro; June 19, 1909, Sawada; Oct. 6, 1909, Fujikuro; May 16, 1910, Sawada; Sept. 23, 1910 & July 6, 191 1, Fujikuro; Sept. 4, 191 1, June 20, July 15, Aug. 7, 1914, & Nov. 21, 1915, Sawada: Kyuko, Shin- chiku-cho, Oct. 10, 191 5, Sawada: Taichu, Taichii-cho, Oct. 11, 1913, Fujikuro; June i, 1907, Suzuki: Toseikaku, Taihoku-cho, June 3, 1907, Suzuki: Rinkiho, Kagi-cho, May 27, 1907, Suzuki: Koshiken, Tainan-cho, Nov. 8, 1909, Sawada: Bokusekikaku, Kwarenko-cho, May 12, 1909, & May 30, 191 1. Sawada. Notes : Differs from rice blast fungus in its short and broad conidia which usually have nia;k.-"(l elongation of rostra at the base, and also producing no chlamydospore on germination. This fungus is unable to infect the rice plant by inoculation, just as rice 30 Mycologia blast fungus does no injury to Panicum paludosum. Similar rela- tion was also found true in case of the Dactylaria of Panicum sanguinale. In a later article (Noji Shikenjo Tokubetsu Hokoku — Special Bull., Agr. Exp. Stat. — Tafvvan, no. i6: 65-66. June 191 7). Sawada revised the diagnosis in following points : Young round spots measure 2-3 mm. in diam. ; conidiophores slightly swollen near the base, bearing i-io conidia on alternately inflected apices, brownish-gray, decreasing in intensity toward the apex ; conidia pyrif orm or elongated-pyrif orm, with collar cell of 1.7-2 /A diam., 17-28 X 8.5-i2|a average 22.5 X 10.2 /x, ter- minal cell 4-1 1 /J. average 7.4 /a, central cell 5-8.5 /a average y [j., basal cell 6-10 /x, average 8.1 ju,; diameter of germ tube 3-3.5 /a. Two additional plates (black and white lithograph) illustrate conidiophores, conidia and the germination of conidia, and one woodcut figure (on p. 20) gives general appearance of an af- fected leaf. Dactylaria Leersiae Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc), no. 27/28: 252-253. T. 5, xii, Dec. 1916. (Japanese.) Foliicolous ; spots usually orbicular, 2-3 mm. in diam., or nearly fusiform, 5X2 mm., straw-colored at center, brown on margin ; conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, simple, 2-3-septate. a little swollen near the base, alternately inflected at the apex, brownish-gray at the lower part, gradually becoming lighter to- ward the apex, 48-88 X 4-5 /* ; conidia short-conic to elongate- conic, 2-septate, not constricted, rounded at the base which end? with a collar cell of 1.2-1.8/i. in diam., hyaline, 20-35 X 7-iO/t, average 27X8.6 /a, apical cell 6-13 ;«., average 8.7 /a, central cell y-i2fj., average 8.2 ft, basal cell 7-12 ^u, average 9 /a, basal cell not sinuate toward the papilla ; germ tubes 3-4 /a diam., septate, bear- ing acrogenous chlamydospores, chlamydospores cinereous, 9.5- 12 X 9-10 /A. On living leaves of Leersia hexandra. Type localities : Chonaihosho, Taihoku-cho, Taiwan, July 3, 1914, and Apr. 15, Dec. 4, 1915, and Aug. 18, 1916, Sawada; Shirin, Taihoku-cho, Sept. 23, 1916, Sawada. Notes : Almost similar to rice blast fungus, only differing in (i) smaller collar cells which are attached to non-attenuated Tanaka: Xkw Japanese Fungi 31 base of conicHa, (2) nuich larger chlaniyclo?pores, (3) less richly formed aerial hyphae in culture, and (4) when observed in cul- ture distinctly more slender conidia with narrow basal cells, llxphac of this species do not develop on bouillon-agar prepared with the extract of Panicum paliidosinn, while the rice blast fun- gus docs very well on that medium. Inoculation failed on rice plant, just as the rice blast fungus has not been successfully trans- ferred to Lccrsia hcxandra. Redcscribing this species in Noji Shikenjo Tokubctsu Hokoku (Spec. Bull., Agr. Exp. Stat.), Taiwan, no. 16: 65 (June T917), Sawada states that the spots are at first orbicular, 1-3 mm. in diam., then becoming angular, finally resuming fusiform shape. Illustration in black and white lithograph shows conidiophores, conidia, and germination of conidia in detail. Leaf spots are also shown in a text figure appearing on p. 21. Dactvlaria Costi Sawada sp. nov. in Noji Shikenjo Tokubetsu Hokoku (Special Bull., Agr. Exp. Stat.), Taiwan, no. 16: 24- 25, 66-67. T. 6, vi. June 1917. (Japanese.) Spots usually occurring on leaves; small, orbicular, never be- coming fusiform, 1-1.5 mm. in dam.; conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, simple, generally 2-3-septate, slightly swollen near the base, brownish-gray, becoming lighter toward the apex; conidia elongate-pyriform to clavate-fusoid, 2-septate, not con- stricted, both ends obtuse, often rounded at the base, with small collar cell of 1.5-1.7/x in d'am.. hyaline, 20-30 X 7.5-iOju, average 24X8.6//, apical cell 8.5-12/1, average io.6/t, other cells prac- tically in equal length, basal cell not attenuated toward the papilla. On living leaves of Costiis sf^cciosus. Type locality: Chuho, Kagi-cho, Taiwan, Oct. 15, 1913, T. Kawakami. Illustrations: One text figm-e (on p. 24) showing leaf spots, and one black and white lithographic plate giving detailed figures of conidia. Note: In an elaborate article of Y. Nishikado in Ohara Nogvo Kenkyusho Hokoku (Report of the Ohara Agricultural Insti- tute) I-: 171-218, Dec. 1917, two more species of blast fungi found on Sctaria spp. and on Zingiber spp. are described which are determined as spp. nov., Piricularia Sctariae and P. Zingi- 32 Mycologia beri respectively. It seems more likely that all these blast fungi belong to Piricularia rather than Dactylaria, as they are provided with solitary conidia which are produced at the end of more or less elongate, spike-like conidiophores, which can never be termed capitate, as was pointed out by Nishikado (1. c, p. 210). S. Ito, therefore, suggested the new combination of Sawada's three new species as Piricularia Panicipaludosi, Piricularia Leersiae, and Piricularia Costi (Bot. Mag., Tokyo 32^82. 307-308. Japanese. Oct. 1918). Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI Tyozaburo Tanaka Reprinted from Mycologia, Vol. XII. No, 6, November, 1920. [Reprinted iioin Mvcoi.OGiA, Vol. XII, No. 6, November, 1920.) /fw v^-vk NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— IX oa»<,>^<^ Tyozaburo Tanaka HELMiNTiiosroRiu.M PAi'AVERi K. Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.) No. 31 : 129, T. 6, xii, Dec, 1917, and in Bull. No. 128, Agric. Exp. Stat., Gov'nt of Formosa, " Taiwan ni okeru Keshi Byogai Chosa " (Diseases of poppy in Formosa) by K. Sawada, pp. 20-22, T. 7, vi, June, 1918. (Japanese.) Conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, copiously branched, cylindric, many septate, yellowish-brown, 86-130 x 6- 7 /x, ter- minating with a single conidium. after its abstriction a second conidium is formed; conidia cylindric, both ends blunt, 3-10 septate, constricted, yellowish-brown. 22-112x7-11 [x. Parasitic on leaves, stems, peduncles and fruits of Papavcr soui- niferum. On leaves, spots are large, irregular, brown and pierced at the center when fully matured. On stems, the lesions causing rot are brown, and, when they are formed at the lower part, cause wilt- ing of the whole plant ; the decay soon appears at the petiole of leaves turning them to a dirty yellowish-brown color. The stem tissues, including cortex, are entirely disorganized and dead ; at a certain stage a gray mould is found on the decayed surface. The appearance on the peduncles is similar to that on the stems. When the fruits are attacked the spots are orbicular, yellowish- brown or brown bordered with a blackish-brown periphery, and later develop gray mould from the center, which occasionally appears in concentric zones. No sound seed is produced from the diseased fruits. It is one of the most dangerous diseases of cultivated poppies in Formosa. Type localities: Taihoku-cho Taihoku. Apr. 25. 1917, Funabiki ; Taihoku-cho, Chonaihosho, Apr. 21, 191 7. K. Sawada. 330 Mycologia Notes : Additional localities are recorded from Taichti-cho Koroton, June 8, 1918, K. Sawada; Nanto-cho Nanto, June 6, 1918, K. Sawada; Kagicho Chikutoki, Apr. 3, 1918, K. Sawada. (See second paper, p. 21.) After inoculation tests, the damping- off of poppy seedlings is proved to have been caused by the same fungus. This trouble was found by the author in nurseries of southern Formosa. FusiCLADiuM THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokawi (Tea Jour- nal) 14*: 16-17, I pl- T. 8, iv, x\pr., 1919. (Japanese.) Acervuli amphigenous, velvety, black ; conidiophores filiform, straight or curved, thickened at the base, continuous to 3-septate, brownish at the lower part, light colored and often crooked at the upper part 40-70x4-5^11; conidia terminal, occasionally arising from the crooked edges of conidiphores, cylindric or oblongovate, uniseptate almost at the middle, usually not constricted though sometimes constricted, blunt at the apex, somewhat pointed at the base, straight or curved, colorless or flavescent, 1 5-28 x 5-6 yu,. On leaves of Thea sinensis. Type locaHty: Shidzuoka-ken Iwara-gun Kjiro-cho, Nov. 27, 1918, K. Hara. Illustrations: 2 black and white halftone figures (figs. 8 and 9) showing tufts of conidiphores and conidia. No Fnsicladium has been reported on tea plant. This species is distinct from all known species by its almost colorless conidia. Mycosphaerella THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokwai (Tea Journal) 14^: 9-10, i pi., T. 8, v, May, 1919. (Japanese.) Spots orbicular or irregularly roundish, 3-4 mm. in diam., finally confluent, forming large irregular lesions, at first dark- brown, later becoming cinereous ; perithecia epigenous, immersed, later with ostiola erumpent, gregarious, minutely punctiform, black, globose or depressed globose, 50-150^1 in diam.; well car- bonaceous, f ungoid-parenchymatous, dark-colored, composed of - polygonal cells, 3-8 /x across; ostiola papillate or wart-like, with orbicular openings 10-13 /x across; asci tufted, cylindric clavate or oblongovoid, rounded at the apex, pedicellate at the base, octosporous, 30-42 X 6-8 ix ; ascospores biseriate, oblong-ovoid or cylindric, both ends subobtuse, uniseptate, not constricted, cells linequal, upper ones being slightly shorter and broader, lower 'I'.WAKA : Xf.w Jai-anksl: I-'ungi 331 ono imicli lonj^cr and narrower, every cell hinucleate at first, later heconiiui,' hoinogenou-, hyaline, 10-13x2-2.5/*. Parasitic on leaves of Tlica sinensis. Type locality: Gifu-ken Ena-gun Kawaue-niura, Apr., i has typically i-celled asco- spores. and should correctly be placed under Gloeosporium (sub- gen. Collctotrichum) . In a later publication of the same author (Annals of the Phytopath. Soc. of Japan, i-: i-ii, March, issued June, 1919) the detailed characters of this fini^us arc thoroughly given in (icrninn. The disease was reported from Sapporo and Hyogo, and is pretty serious in early suninicr nionth>. The tem- perature relations of the development of this fungus are also given by ITcninii in Sapporo Norin Gakkwai-ho 10'": 40, 49-52, rice. 1 918. Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— X TVOZABURO TANAIC\ (Reprinted from Mycologia, Vol. XIII, No. 6, November, 1931. | RcinintcJ lr 111 M vJOLiKiiA. \'vjl Xlll No. 6 NovernlJiT. 1921.I NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— X Tyozaburo Tan.\k\ HvpoDERMOPSis TiiKAi': K. I[. (Brown spot of the tea-plant.) Illustrations: One half-tone plate showing the diseased spot, cross-section of a perithecium, asci (with a paraphysis) and asco- spores. (Figs. T, 5, 6 and 8.) :V2:\ 324 Mycologia Stagnospora Theae K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Jour- nal) 14^: 14-15. T. 8, vii, July, 1919. (Japanese.) Pycnidia scattered, globose or depressed-globose, 100-150 jx in diam., wall parenchymatous, composed of dark brown polygonal cells 4-8 /x in diam. ; ostiola even or warty, opening round, 15-20 fjL across; pycnospores elongate-cylindrical or sub-clavate, both ends rounded, 6-ii-septate, hyaline, 18-35 ^ 4~5 Z^! pedicels of pycnospores short, arising from the base of p3xnidial chamber, 4-6 X 2-2.5 M- Saprophytic on the trunks of TJica sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Iwara-gun Ejiri-cho, Nov. 24, 1918. (K. Hara.) Illustrations : One half-tone plate showing diseased spots, section of a pycnidivim, pycnospores and pedicels (Figs. 13-16). Leptosphaeria Hottai K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) 14": 14-15. T. 8, ix, Sept., 1919. (Japanese.) Leptosphaeria Hottai K. Hara nom. subnud. in Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journal Plant Prot.) 6^: 37. T. 8, iv, April, 1918. (Japanese.) Spots orbicular or irregular, large, brown, with greasy luster, later darker with minutely crowded dots of perithecia; perithecia superficial, nearly always covered by epidermis, globose or de- pressed-globose, 350-500 fji in diameter, wall carbonaceous, black, thick, especially so at the place touching the host epidermis so as to show more or less clipeus-f orm, ostiolate at the apex ; opening of ostiola round, 30-45 /a across ; asci clavate or cylindric, apex round, base short pedicellate, 60-70 x 8-10 fx, paraphysate, octo- sporous ; paraphyses filiform, considerably longer than the asci, usually simple, hyaline, 1-1.5 (U. across; ascospores biseriate or obliquely tri-seriate, ellipsoid, oblong-ovoid or fusoid, at first uni- cellular and 4-nucleate, later 3-septate with one-sided middle septum, constricted, flavescent, 12-18 x 4.5-5.5 /x. Parasitic on the trunks of Thea sinensis. Type localities: Ejiri, Hikuma, Mitsuke and Takabe in Shi- dzuoka Prefecture. The shape and size of the ascospores resemble Leptosphaeria Coniohyrium forma Theae, but the shape of the perithecia diflFer greatly from this species, so a different name is given. Japanese name: Kuroazabyo (black spot disease). Tanaka: New Japaxf-sf, Fungi ."."J') This disease was at first discovered by Masazo Hotta at Aralama district, Inasa-gun, Shidzuoka-ken, and reported in the Annual Re- port of Shidziioka-ken Ajj^ricultiiral Experiment Station (for the fiscal year T. 5, 19 16). Hara in the Byochu-gai Zasshi states that the disease is serious in the vicinity of Hamamatsu and also occurs in the Mie Prefecture. Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing asci, paranhyses and ascospores. (Fig. 6.) SiLLiA Theae K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) 14': 15-16. T. 8, ix, Sept., 1919. (Japanese.) Stromata scattered or gregarious, at first immersed, later erum- pent, pillow-shaped or wart-like, sometimes confluent, afterwards with rounded margin adhering to substratum, 0.8-5 ^^^^- "i diam., surface orange-yellow or dirty-yellow, rugose with black perithecial. spots, inside orange-yellow, somewhat membranaceous in structure, with imbedded perithecia; perithecia globose or ovoid, dark-col- ored, 300-350 X 180-300 fi, wall carbonaceous or parenchymatous, dark-colored ; ostiola terminal, forming wart-like protrusions on the surface of stroma, opening one, round, 80-100 fj. across; asci cylindrical or clavate. apex rounded or somewhat mamelon-shaped. base tapering to pedicel, 150-170 x 20-25 /j,. paraphysate, octo- sporous; paraphyses filiform, forked, longer than or equal to the asci, 1-1.5 [X across; ascospores biseriate or irregularly tri-seriate. fusoid, cylindrical or clavate. rounded at both ends, straight, bent or curved, or more or less lunate, with numerous biseriate oil globules, giving the appearance of a septum. 6-Ti-septate, con- stricted or straight, hyaline. 35-44 x 8-9 fi, germinating at both ends. Parasitic on trunks and liranches of Thca sinensis. Type locality : Shidzuoka-ken Hamana-gun Hikuma-mura, No- vember Ti, 1918. (K. Hara.) The affected area first appears on one side of branches or trunks as a spot of dark pink or gray color, and l)y increasing its size it entirely surrounds the bark, simultaneously spreading upwards and downwards. The stroma then makes its appearance as dirty- yellow or in some rare instances pinkish-yellow spots, raised from the diseased surface like warts or a pillow-shaped elevation or sometimes a button-shaped swelling of 0.8-8 mm. in diameter. Perithecial bodies are formed on the stromata as elevated or flat 323 Mycologia black spots round in shape. Such spots are soHtary or run to- gether to form war.ts of irregular outHne. The dying out of the' diseased portion is rather slow, occurring two or three years after the infection. The surrounding area of stromata often develops a greenish color which looks attractive in comparison with pink stromatic bodies. Suggestions for control : ( i ) Diseased branches should be re- moved and destroyed by fire; (2) infected areas on trunks should be peeled off and disinfected with grafting wax or a similar sub- stance; (3) to prevent the disease the woody part of the tree should be washed with Bordeaux mixture. Japanese name of the disease: Chaju no Samehada-byo (Shark- skin disease of the tea-plant). Illustration (Fig. 7, on p. 16) : One half-tone text figure show- • ing asci, paraphyses and ascospores (one-germinating). AscocHYTA Theae K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Jour- nal) 14^^: 13-14. T. 8, X, October, 1919. (Japanese.) Pycnidia punctiform, globose or depressed-globose, 80-120 [x, wall membranaceous, consisting of dark-brown carbonaceous po- lygonal cells 5-10 IX in diam. ; ostiola apical, even or papillate, open- ing simple, 10-12 /x across; pycnospores ellipsoid, cylindric or subovoid, both ends rounded or truncate, uniseptate, dividing into homogenous or slightly unequal locules. provided with a large oil globule in each locule, not constricted at the septum, hyaline, 7-10 X 3.5-4.5 [X. Parasitic on the leaves of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Abe-gun Okawa-mura, October 24, 1918. (K. Hara.) Found occurring on tea leaves infected by Exobasidium reticu- latum. Illustration : One half-tone text figure showing pycnospores. (Fig. 8, on p. 14.) Valsa Tiieae K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tear Journal) 14": 15-16. T. 8. xi, November, 1919. (Japanese.) Stromata scattered, at first immersed, later erumpent, black, punctiform to the naked eye, conical, apex projecting, black, typi- cally Valsa-like; perithecia annular, 5-10 or more on one stroma, Tanaka: Xkw Japanese Fungi :'>27 f^^lohose or {lci)rcsse(l-i;loI)Osc, JOO-350 /a ijioad, i,V)-i7o /* high, wall funi^oid-pareiKhvmatous, black, 12-15 fj. in thickness; ostiola separate hut j,Mouped, eloiiijate, 30-300 /x long; asci clavate or cylindrical, rounded at the apex, narrowed into pedicel at the base, 25-30 X 4-5 ju, aparaphvsate, octosporous ; ascospores distichous or irregularly distichous, cylindrical, roiuided or truncate at both ends, usually curved in one direction, rarely straight, hyaline or flavescent, 5-10 x 1.5-2 /.i. Parasitic on weakened trunk of Tlica sinensis. Type locality : Shid/.uoka-ken Hamana-gun Ilikiuna-mura, De- cember 12, i()iS. (K. Ilara.) Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing cross-section of a stroma with perithecia, asci and ascospores. (Fig. 9.) Notes : There are two species of Valsa found on the tea-plant, but it is still undetermined which causes the die-hack of the trunk. The other species not described here has no stroma, though it re- sembles this species in other respects. The latter is left unnamed until its characters are more fullv studied. DiATRYPE Theae K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) 14" : 10. T. 8, xi, November, 1919. (Japanese.) Stromata subepidermal, later erumpent, oblong or linear, 1-2 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, cross-section oblate-urceolate, slightly rounded at the upper part, flat or somewhat concave at the base, with a broad neck at the top, cinereous, more or less parenchyma- tous ; perithecia deeply immersed in the stroma, globose or ovoid, 300-330 /A high, 100-170 iM in diam., wall parenchymatous, dark colored, 15-30 /x thick, long ostiolate; ostiola penetrating the stro- matic neck, opening round, 20-25 jj. across ; asci clavate or obovoid, apex usually narrowed, rarely swollen and rounded, base tapering very much into a filiform pedicel. 20-40 x 6-8 /x, aparaphysate, octosporous ; ascospores cylindrical or fusoid, sTOunded at both ends, straight or curved, plane or nucleate at both ends, hyaline or flavescent, 7-1 1 x 2-2.5 t^- Saprophytic on the trunks of TJica sinensis. Type locality : Shidzuoka-ken Abe-gun Okawa-mura. October 24. 1918. (K. Ilara.) . Differs from Diafry/'c slicjina (Hoffm.) Fr. in the shape of the stromata. also from D. Hochelagac E. & E. in the aparaphysate asci. The former is found in the same village where the present species was discovered. o 28 Mycologia Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing infected trunk, cross-section of a stroma, asci and ascospores (Fig. 12). Hendersonia Theae K. Hara sp. nov. Chagyokai (Tea Jour- nal) 14^- : 22-23. T. 8, December, 1919. (Japanese.) Pycnidia globose or depressed-globose, 60-130 fx. in diam., im- mersed, later slightly erumpent, pycnidial wall parenchymatous, composed of angular cells of 4-7 /a in diam., apically ostiolate; ostiola papillate or warty, with opening ri-15 jx across; pycno- spores broad-ellipsoid or broad-fusoid, broadest near the middle, narrowed toward both ends, at first hyaline, finally changing to yellowish-brown, 3-septate, somewhat constricted, 7-10 x 4-5 /x. Parasitic on the leaves of Thca sinensis. Type locality : Shidzuoka-ken Abe-gun Okawa-mura, October 24, 1918. (K. Hara.) Foliicolous, appearing mostly at the leaf tips, on spots that in- crease their area downward by degrees toward the leaf base with definite but undulating border lines. The infected area is at first dark brown. ])ut later it changes color, becoming gray, and minute spottings of fungus bodies appear somewhat sparsely on the sur- face. The lower surface of the diseased area is light brown in color. Illustration : One half-tone text figure showing an infected leaf, a section of a pycnidium and pycnospores. (Fig. 13, nos. i, 2, 3.) Since March, 1919, Kanesuke Hara has been publishing in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) a series of papers dealing with the diseases of the tea-plant, in which he describes a number of new species of fungi. The translations given here and in the last num- ber of New Japanese Fungi (Mycologia 12^': 330-332) cover nearly all of those published in 1919; the rest of his new species will be given in the subsequent nvmibers of this series. Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— XI Tyozaburo [Reprinted from Mycologia, Vol. XIV, No. 3, March, 1922.) Csi (Reprinted from Mycolocia. Vo'. X^^^. No. 2. Marcli 1922 1 <<*>< AiMCAt tiAKUhiN NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— XI Tyozaburo Tanaka Helminthosi'okium Oryzae Miyabe & Ilori sp. nov. ex S. Ilori in Noji Shikcnjo Hokoku (Bulletin of the Agric. Exper. Sta- tion), Nishigahara, Tokyo, no. 18: 67-84. M. 34, xi, Nov., 1901. (Japanese) ; Saccardo, Sylloge fungorum 22: 1394. 1913 (nom. nud.) ; Oudcmans, Enum. syst. fung. i : J2T). 1919 (nom. nud.). Spots scattered or grouped, fuliginous or soot-color, velvety ; conidiophores fascicled, 2-5 in group meeting rather loosely at the base, (lark-brown, more or less bending, 7-15-septate, lowermost cell largest, rather rounded and swollen, width of cells gradually reduced toward the apex, terminated by blunt, thin-walled, light- colored or almost colorless cell, 100-330 x 6-8 /u,; conidia lunate or obclavate bending to one side, obtuse at both ends, easily de- tached, pale-olivaceous of sooty shade, 6-ii-septate. only slightly constricted at the septum, contents finely granular, 84-140 x 16- 22 fi, germinating at both ends. Parasitic on culms, leaves, and glumes of Orysa sativa. Type localities : Experimental farm of the Imperial Agricul- tural Experiment Station, Nishigahara, Tokyo, Sept., 1900 (S. Hori) ; Tokyo-fu Minamitama-gun Motohachioji-mura, Sept. 26. 1900 (S. Hori); Okayama-ken, Sept., 1900 (T. Nishida). Japanese name of the disease: Ine Goma-hagarebyo (Sesame- spot leaf blight of rice plant) ex Hori in Dainippon Nokwaiho (Journ. Agric. Soc, Japan), no. 380: 6. Feb., 1913. (Japanese.) Hori later revised the description as follows : Conidiophores 2-3- fascicled, brownish, 100-330 x 7.2 ^u,; conidia 6-io-septate, fuscous. See Hori's Nosakumotsu Byogaku (Discourse on diseases of agri- cultural crops), Tokyo, Seibido, June, 1911, pp. 106-107. (Japa- nese.) Illustration : Hori's original drawings of conidia and conidio- phores are seen in the book above mentioned (p. 107). Ideta's 81 82 Mycologia Handbook (sec Mycologia 9: 167), p. 744, also gives fairly good illustrations of the fungus. Both paddy and upland rices are infected. The fungus usually appears as minute spots on the leaf blade, abovit the size of sesame seeds, often elongated or confluent, forming larger spots. In such infected leaves, especially when the plant is young, the discoloration and withering soon follow, proceeding from the leaf-tip, often causing death of the entire plant. In an advanced stage of the disease characteristic brown velvety bodies are produced from the surface of the diseased spots. K. Hara (in Hara's Ine no Byogai, Diseases of the rice plant, Gifu-ken, June, 1918, p. 61, in Japanese) states that the Japanese rice blight fungus might be identical with that which had been described by Breda de Haan as Hchninthosporiuni Orysae (in Bull, rinstit. Bot. Buitenzorg., no. 6 : 11. 1900), though the de- scription of the latter is rather imperfect. The present species, however, differs very strikingly from H. uiacrocarpmn Grev. in the shape of the conidia which are obclavate or fusoid, whereas in the latter they are simply clavate (refer Fig. 249 CH of Engler & Prantl, Nat. .Pflanzenfam. I, i**: 479). The disease was first known in Japan about 1895, but is now established everywhere as far as Formosa. Recently prevention through seed treatment and spraying with various kinds of fungi- cides has proved to be effective. See Nishikado, Y., in Byochii- gai Zasshi (Journ. PI. Prot.), 5^: 693-712, Sept., 1918, and Suye- matsu, X.. ditto, 7^: 26-29, Jan., 1920 (both in Japanese). In a series of inoculation tests, a number of rice-plant varieties as well as wild grasses was examined by Suyematsu in connection with the susceptibility and resistance to the Hehninthosporium rice blight. See Suyematsu, N., in Nogaku Kwaiho (Journ. Sci. Agric. Soc), Tokyo, no. 212: 279-286, Apr., 1920; no. 214: 443-446, June, 1920; and no. 217: 655-657, Oct., 1920. (All in Japanese.) Glomerella Cixnamomi Yoshino sp. nov. in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo, 21-**: 230-232, PI. 5. M. 40, ix, Sept., 1907. (Japanese.) Mycelia first colorless, later fulvous, hyphae mostly colored in Tanaka : New Japanese Fungi 83 substratum, septate, 2-3.5 f^ across; acervuli of couidial stage (Gloeosporium) minutely tubercUlate, subepidermal, later erum- pent, lisjjht pink in color; stromata disciform, brown ; conifliophores densely seated on the stroma ; conidia oblon^-. frequently ovoid ellipsoid or cuneate, often slii(htly curved, without guttulae or 1-2- guttulate, colorless, light pink in mass, variable in size but chiefly 10-18 X 4-6 fi] perithecia subepidermal, black punctiform, solitary or two together, globose or depressed-globose, slightly raised at the apex with orbicular ostiola 17-20 fi wide, brown or brownish-blue. 100-150 IX in diam. ; asci numerous in one perithecium. fusoid, broad at the middle, narrowed near the apex, wall often thickened at the apex l)ut not stained by iodine, 46-60 x 8-13 /x, octosporous, aparaphysate ; ascospores oblong, narrowed at both ends, usually curved, hyaline, non-guttulate or guttulate, 10-15 ^ 3-5~S I'- On Cinnamomuui cainphora, infesting leaves, petioles, leaf-buds, and young shoots in the nursery, causing considerable damage. Old plants are also infected. Diseased spots are usually orbicular, elliptical, or fusiform, 3-5 mm. in diam., first reddish-brown, later becoming fuliginous, finally fading into light-brown. The infected area is definitely marked from the healthy part, usually sunken, and when severely affected the infected areas become confluent, causing brown rot of the surrounding part, finally girdling the stem and killing the entire plant. Type localities : Kumamoto-ken. Yatsushiro-gun, Dec. 29, 1905 (T. Tejimazaki) ; Kikuchi-gun Waifu-cho. Oct. 25, 1906 (K. Yoshino) ; Hotaku-gun Oe-mura, Nov., 1906 (K. Yoshino) ; Ashikita-gun Hinagu-cho, Dec, 1906 (K. Yoshino) ; Hotaku-gun Kawachi-mura. May 12, 1907 (T. Nishida) ; and Saga-ken Saga- shi, Nov., 1906. Illustration : One copper plate giving ten figures, showing the diseased plant, conidial layer, germination of conidia, perithecia, asci, ascospores, and germination of ascospores. Distribution: Formosa. Sec Sawada, K., in Taiwan Ilaku- butsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc), no. 25: 131-133. T. 5, X, Oct.. 1916. (Japanese.) Sawada states that the outbreak of the disease in the nursery and young plantation of camphor trees near Taihoku caused much dam- age in the spring of 1913. The Formosan fungus generally agrees with that described from Kyushu l)y ^'oshino, with the exception 84 Mycologia of the smaller size of the ascospores, which Sawada finds to meas- ure 12-13 X 5.5-7 ju,. Sawada also revises the description of the fungus as follows : " Conidiophores straight or more or less curved, simple, hyaline, 16-27 ^ 3-5~4 H-l ^sci clavate-fusoid or fusoid, 53-67 X 8-8.5 f.." Hara in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo, 27^^' : 272 (Japanese) suggests to call the present species Guignardia Cinna- momi (erroneously spelled cinnamomii) on account of the lack of the stroma which should be present in Glomerella. Physoderma Maydis Miyabe in A. Ideta, Nippon Shokubutsu Byorigaku (Handbook of plant diseases of Japan) ed. 4, Tokyo, Shokwabo, M. 42, 1909, part i: 114, fig. 19. (Japanese.) Cladochytriwn sp. nov. K. Sengoku, in Ehime-ken Nokwaiho Journ. Agr. Soc, Ehime prefecture) no. 32: 58, ]\I. 34, xii, Dec, 1901. (Japanese.) Cladochytrhim Maydis Miyabe in Ideta's Nippon Shokubutsu Byorigaku (Handb. PI. Dis., Japan)^ ed. 3. Tokyo, Sho- kwabo, M. 36, 1903, p. 75 (nomen nudum) : Omori, J. & Yamada, G. Shokubutsu Byorigaku (Plant pathology) Tokyo, Hakubunkwan, M. 37, 1904, p. 202 (nomen nudum). Occurs on the parenchymatous cells of the culm, midrib of the leaves, and the lower part of the husk, producing numerous orbicu- lar, elliptical, or linear spots; spots mostly small-sized, often con- fluent, brown or fuliginous, light-colored near the margin, much deeper at the center ; sporangia ellipsoid-ovate or globose, deep- brown, 24-26 X 22-24 /*• Parasitic on Zea Mais. 1 Referring to Ideta's Handbook of Plant Diseases here quoted, the first and second editions were published in 1901 and in 1902, respectively, under the title Jitsuyo Shokubutsu Byorigaku (Practical discourse on plant diseases) ; the third edition, issued in 1903, was greatly enlarged and largely rewritten, and bears a new title, Nippon Shokubutsu Byorigaku ; it is called the third edition in the German title page only. The fourth edition, which came out under the same title, was issued originally in two parts, the first in 1909 (pp. 1-344) and the second in 191 1 (pp. 345-935. with appendices), and is really a new work written under the critical supervision of Prof. K. Miyabe, who con- tributed diagnoses of some of his new species published here for the first time. Unaltered reprints of the fourth edition were issued in 1912 and in 1914, sometimes called fifth and sixth editions. Taxaka: New Japanese Fux(;i 85 The disease does not usually prevent fruitinj^, but sometimes does when it occurs abundantly in the early stage of the host plant. In 1 90 1 the disease was first discovered I)\ 1\. Sengoku in the pre- fecture of Ehimc. Shikoku island, and the above description is probably based upon the material collected at this time. It has not been reported from any othir locality in the Japanese territory. Illustration : One black-and-white wood-cut figure showing sporangia. Notes: Physodcniia ccac-viaydis Shaw, first reported ffom India (Sydow, H., Sydow. P.. & Butler, E. J., in Annales mycologici 10'': 245-247. fig. 2. 1912), and now known as the causal organism of one of the worst diseases of corn in the United States (sec Tisdale, W. II.. in Journ. Agr. Res. 16': 137-154. 10 pis.. Feb., 1919), is, in many respects, identical with the present species, though no actual comparison of the organism has yet been carried out. Plant quarantine against this fungus was announced by the U. .S. De- partment of Agriculture in 191 6 (see Notice of Quarantine No. 24. 1916). Mycosphaerella bambusifolia Miyake & Hara sp. nov. in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo, 24-*": 338-340, M. 43, xi, Nov., 1910. ("Japanese.) Foliicolous; pycnidia punctiform, black to the naked eye, im- mersed, globose or depressed-globose, fuliginous, open at the apex. 70-100 X 60-90 fj,; pycnospores abundant, oozing from pycnidial opening when mature, ellipsoid ovoid or cylindrical, hyaline. 2-3.5 X 1-1.5 fx; pedicels miiuite; perithecia mixed with the pycnidia, globose or depressed-globose. 70-100 ju, broad, 90-100 fi high, rarely 60 fjL in diam. ; wall thick, fungoid-parenchymatous. fuscous or black, ostiola as high as the epidermal plane or slightly raised ; asci many, fasciculate, oblong-ovoid and more or less stipitate below or fusoid-lunate and obtuse at both ends, 37-50 x 9-10 jtt. octosporous, aparaphysate ; ascospores distichous, ovoid or ellipsoid, uniseptate, usually not constricted, hyaline, at first granular, usually becoming homogeneous later, 13-16 x 4.5-5 /n. Parasitic on Phyllostachys pubcnila and Pliyllostachys hambii- soidcs. Infected leaves develop round, elliptical, or irregular fuscous 86 Mycolggia spots of black periphery, which often run together in increasing size, finally causing death of the surrounding area. This gives the leaves a brownish appearance, and when they are severely infested the entire bamboo grove appears badly discolored and seriously injured. Later fruiting bodies make their appearance on the dis- colored area as minute black spots. Type localities : Gifu-ken Ena-gun Toyama-mura and Ka- wauye-mura, Apr., 1908; Tokyo Komaba, May, 1909. Differs, from Mycospliaerella Arundinariae Atk. (Bull. Corn. Univ. 3^ : 9. 1897) in the absence of brown hyphae around the perithecium, and in the shape and size of the asci and ascospores. Phaegsphaeria Bambusae Miyake & Hara sp. nov. in Shoku- butsugaku Zasshi (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo, 24-®°: 340-341, M. 43, xi, Nov., 1910. (Japanese.) Foliicolous; spots appear along the vein, often with indefinite margin, brown or dark-colored, later becoming grayish or fuscous from the middle, finally covering the entire leaf ; perithecia mi- nutely punctiform, scattered or along the veins, immersed, globose or depressed-globose, black, 120-170 x 140-210 fi; wall rather thin, dark-colored or fuscous, ostiolate at the apex ; asci numerous, fascicled, clavate or cylindrical, 65-90 x 18-27 /x, octosporous, aparaphysate ; ascospores distichous or irregular, fusoid or ellip- soid, straight or slightly curved, triseptate, constricted, hyaline and granular when young, dark-colored with age, 25-30 x 10-12 /*. Phyllosticta stage usually makes its appearance with the asciger- ous stage on the same diseased spot as it does in the case of Pliacosphacria Orycac IMiyake. (See Journ. Coll. Agric, Imp. Univ. Tokyo 2*: 247. 1910.) The description of this form follows : Pycnidia immersed, globose or depressed-globose, ostiolate at the apex, 100-140 x 70-100 fi ; pycnospores ooze from the pycnidial opening when mature, ellipsoid or cylindrical, hyaline. 2-2.5 ^ ^•^~ On the living leaves of Anindinaria Siuioni and Sasa panicidata. Type localities: Tokyo Komaba, July, 1906 (D. Karashima), July, 1910 (I. Miyake & K. Hara) ; Tochigi-ken Nikko, Aug., 1910; Gifu-ken Ena-gun Kawauye-mura, Aug., 1910 (on the sec- ond host). Tanaka: New Japanese Fungi 87 UsTiLAGiNOiDEA Sacch ARi-NARENGAE K. Sawacla sp. nov. in Tai- wan riakubutsu (lakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.) 4'-'': 4-3- 'i^- 3- v, May. 1914- (Japanese.) Ovary infestiii}^, appearing in group on the ear of the host plant, dark oHvc in color, balloon- or top-shaped, rounded at the ape.x. 3 mm. long, first covered ])y a membrane, later rupturing at ma- turity, exposing the dark-olive spore mass inside, lower part of the mass being associated with glume and palea, hard, sclerotium-like. inside of the mass white or very light straw-color, composed of closely arranged angular cells ; spores globose or ovoid, covered with comparatively large-sized warts, dark-olive, 4-5.5 usually 4-5-5 Z^- Parasitic on Saccharum narcnga. Type locality : Akocho Hanshoryo Keishusho, Formosa. Dec. 10. 1907. (Y. Shimada.) The cross-section of the sclerotium-like body is entirely paren- chymatous, and no parallel hyphae are visible as in the case of Ustilaginoidca Oryzac Bref. Plasmopara Wildemaniaxa p. Henn. var. macrospora K. Sawada var. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.) no. 16: 2-4. T. 3, vii. July, 1 91 4. (Japanese.) Foliicolous; spots irregular, often occupying the entire leaf, light yellowish-green, white mouldy on the lower surface; hyphae in mesophyl intercellular, invading the cell only by haustorium. color- less, continuous, branching, 7-13 /a thick; haustoria globose or ovoid-globose. 13-17 x 9-18 /a; conidiophores fascicled from the stoma, upright. 320-605 /a long, main axis 8-12 jx thick, slightly swollen at the base, first branching at about one half or one third of the whole length from the base, usually branching 5 to 7 times, terminal branchlets (commonly 4-8 /x long) and their underlying branchlets very short ; conidia ovoid or elliptic-ovoid, rounded at the apex, papillate at the base, colorless, 14-18 x 11-13 ix. Parasitic on the leaf of Jiisticia procumhcns. Type locality: Formosa. Taihokucho Chonaihosho, Sept. 12. 1908 (Y. Fujikuro). Apr. 5. 1913 (Y. Fujikuro). The present variety has noticeably larger-sized conidia than those of the type species described by P. Hennings and later by Sydow 88 Mycologia and Butler. {See Wildeman, E.. Etudes Flor. Bas- & Moyen- Congo, Ser. 5. IP: 85. 1907, and Ann. Mycol. 10^: 243-244. fig. .1. June. 1912.) Sawada suggests that more noticeable dif- ference may be revealed if they are closely compared as in the case of species of Bremia. (See Mycologia 11-: 84-86. March, 1919.) CoLLETOTRiCHUM BoEHMERiAE K. Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.) no. 17: 2. T. 3, ix, Sept., 1914. (Japanese.) Foliicolous or caulicolous ; spots scattered, cinereous with brown margin, orbicular and 1-2 mm. diam. on leaves, when on stem, forming orbicular, elliptical or fusiform spots, occasionally causing longitudinal rupture of the host epidermis, 1-6 x 0.8-2 mm. in size ; hyphae colorless, 4 /x thick ; acervuli small, with setae ; conidi- ophores dense, short, terminated by conidia ; conidia colorless, cylindrical or occasionally clavate, straight, obtuse at both ends, granular, 14-19 x 4-5 //,; setae dark-brown, tapering toward the apex, i-2-septate. 45-85 x 4-5 fi. Parasitic on Ramie (Boclimeria nivea). Type locality: Taihokucho Chonaihosho. Formosa. June 29, 1914 (A. Imachi). hardly removable when the fibers are bleached. The infected Stem infection causes bad staining of the bast fibers, which is plant, therefore, yields only lower grade fibers of less commercial value. Cercospora piricola K. Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.) no. 17: 3. T. 3, ix, Sept.. 1914. (Japanese.) Hypophyllous ; spots usually angular, occupying certain area en- closed by veinlets, later coalesce, often cover the entire surface, cinereous, later changing into brown, generally 1-3 mm. in diam. ; conidiophores fascicled, several or more than ten together, straight or curved, cinereous, 0-2-septate, 15-27 x 3-4 /x.; conidia linear, curved, 3-5-septate, grayish or almost colorless, 28-57 ^ 2.5-3.5 /*• On Pints communis (pear) and Pirns sinensis (sand-pear). Type localities: Formosa. Taihokucho Chonaihosho, Jan. 15, 1910 (Y. Fujikuro), Sept. 2, 191 1 (K. Sawada) ; Taichijcho Tai- Tanaka : Xi;\\ jai'axkse Fungi 89 heisho, Auj;-. (>, lyii (Y. Fujikuro) ; Kagicho Toroku, Apr. 30, 19 1 3 (K. Sawada). Resembles Ccrcospora minima Tracy ^: Earle (I'ull. Torr. Bot. CI. 23'': 206. May, 1896) on pear from America, but differs in being hypophyllous and in baving longer conidiophores and shorter but ibickcr conidia of grayish color, while the .Vmerican species is characterized by being epiphyllous and having shorter conidiophores and slender and hyaline conidia. The extent of injury due to this fungus is not known. UsTiLAGO FORMOSANA K. Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.) no. 34: 6-8. T. 7, V, IMay, 1918. (Japanese.) Infesting inflorescence and the upper part of the culm ; sori linear, fuliginous, 2.5-14 cm. long, at first enclosed by grayish- white membrane, later escaping from enclosing sheath, ruptures and emits black spore mass inside, leaving only fibrous tissue be- hind; spores globose or subangular-globose, light reddish-brown, containing granules. 5-7 /x generally 5.5-6 ^ in diam.; epispore apparently smooth, l)ut finely echinulate under close observation ; promycelia very short and continuous, or somewhat longer and uniseptate, producing sporidia at the end or at the joint between two cells, 8-17 X 1-3 fx.; sporidia fusoid to oblong-fusoid. often producing secondary sporidia thereupon. 3-6 x 1-2 ^; germinating tube sometimes formed on the promycelium. On Panic Kill prolifcrum. When the disease occurs in the field, whole culms arising from common root are infested. Type localities : Formosa. Taihokucho Chonaihosho. May, 1906 (S. Suzuki), Apr. 22, 1907 (Y. Fujikuro). Aug. 10, 1008 (Y. Fujikuro), Nov. 27, 1908 (K. Sawada). Dec. 4, 1908 (K. Sawada) ; T(3ench6 Nanseisho. June 2, 1917 (K. Sawada) ; Tai- tocho Daimabukutsu, Apr. 29. 1909 ( K. Sawada) ; Taitocho Toran. May 2 1 , 1911 ( K . Sawada ) . Diflfers from Ustilago Panici-prolifcri P. Henn.. which occurs on Panicnm prolifcrum acuminatum in America, in having dis- tinctly smaller spores. Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI TvdzAnuRd Tanaka [Reprinted from Myoologia, Vol, XIV, No. $, September, igja.] NEW JAPANESE FUNGI [Ke; Tinted iron, Mvcologia, \'o . XIV., No. 5, September. 1922.] NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS— XII Tyozaburo Tanaka Gymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo, i/^**-: 34. M. 36, ii, Feb., 1903 (nomen nudum) ; in Ideta's Nippon Shokubutsu Byorigaku (Handb. PI. Diseases in Japan) ed. 3, Tokyo, Shokwabo, M. 36, iv, Apr., 1903, 6. 214-217, fig. 50, 51 (nomen subnudum) ; Yamada in Omori, J. & Yamada, G. Shokubutsu Byorigaku (Plant Pathol- ogy) Tokyo, Hakubunkwan, M. 37, ix, Sept., 1904, p. 303-306. (Japanese.) Description by G. Yamada : 0. Pycnia epiphyllous on spots, first small, punctiform and orange-yellow, gregarious, few in number; pycnospores small, fusoid. 1. Aecia hypophyllous, on thickened, well-developed, brown spots having a beautiful, flavo-rubescent margin, very slender, 3-6 mm. high, cinereous ; peridium tubular, not recurved in dehiscence, irregularly torn at the end, liberating reddish-brown aeciospores ; aeciospores globose or sub-angular, minutely-verrucose, the pores several. On Pyriis sinensis (Japanese sand-pear) and Cydonia rulgaris. III. Telia foliicolous, forming reddish-brown, gelatinous masses, deep-fuscous when desiccated, pulvinate with sticky, orange-yellow teliospores ; teliospores long-pediceled, orange-yellow, those pro- duced on the outer part of the telium broad and short, thick-walled and deep colored, those formed in the inner part of the telium slender, thin-v^^alled and light colored, readily germinating from the places near the septum ; promycelia 1-2, rarely produced from the apex of the teliospore ; sporidia 2-3 on a promycelium. On Jiinipenis chinensis and /. chincnsis var. procumbens. The sporidia of III readily produce Roestelia (R. koreacnsis P. Henn.) on Japanese pear leaves, according to the inoculation test conducted by Miyabe. 282 Tanaka: Xi:vv Japanese Fuxgi 283 Ideta (under supervision of Miyabe) gives the spore characters as follows : " Teliospores 2-celled, f usoid, 45-70 x 20-25 p., long- pediceled." (hi Nippon Shokubutsu Byorigaku ed. 4, pt. 2: 470. M. 44, 191 1. Japanese.) Notes: Sydow first described Gyumosporancjiiim japonicuni from the specimens on the branch of Jiinipcnis chincnsis collected by Shirai at Koniaba, Tokyo (/;; Hed\vi;j^ia, Beibl. 38'' : ( 141 ) ■\Liy- June, 1899), and later. Shirai succeeded in producing RoestcUa (R. korcaensis) on Japanese pear leaves by inoculating with some mixed forms of Gymnosporangiuin found on the leaves and stems of Junipcrus chincnsis, and which he called G. japonicum (in Zeitsch. f. Pflkr. 10^: 1-4, pis. 1-2. Apr., 1900). These results apparently induced many Japanese pathologists to believe that G. japonicum is the causal organism of the devastating Japanese pear- rust, though Miyabe clearly defines that G. asiaticuui occurs only on the leaves. The first comprehensive description of G. asiaticwn given by Yamada also limits the occurrence of the telia to the juniper leaf only, and Yoshino later showed that the pear-rust is caused only by the leaf-inhabiting form of Gymnosporangium (G. asiaticum) in the Kyushu island, and not by the stem-inhabiting form which he never found existing in the island (in Shokubutsu- gaku Zasshi, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 19^'- : 167-168. M. 38, vii, July, 1905. Japanese). Ideta also describes the telial stage from the leaf-inhabiting form only, though he was liberal in bringing the name G. asiaticum into the synonymy with G. japonicum in his latest description (1. c. ed. 4, pt. 2: 467, 469-470. 191 1). Despite the existence of the valid name Gymnosporangium asi- aticum applied to the form on the juniper leaves, Sydow renamed the leaf-inhabiting form as Gymnosporangium haracanum, based upon the material collected by K. Hara from Mino province (in Ann. Mycol. lo^ 405. Aug., 1912). Using the fresh material taken from the juniper plant upon which Sydow's type was col- lected, Hara succeeded in producing pear-rust by inoculation (in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 27^^°: 348. T. 2. vii, July, 191 3. Japa- nese). At the same time, Ito succeeded in producing rust on Photinia viUosa by inoculating the stem-inhabiting form which he determined to be G. japonicum Syd. (in Shok. Zass. 27^-^: 221- 284 Mycologia 222. Nov., 1913). Ito concludes, therefore, that the leaf-inhabit- ing Gymnosporangiunv (G. haraeanum ^ G . asiaticum) is the cause of the Japanese pear-rust (Roestelia koreaensis) , while the stem-inhabiting form {G. japonicum) is connected with the Pho- tinia rust (Roestelia photiniae P. Henn.). (See 1. c. p. 221, and also in Byochu-gai Zasshi, Journ. PI. Prot. 4^: 178-182. T. 6, iii, Mar., 191 7. Japanese.) Jackson also succeeded in infecting sand-pear and quince with the teliospores from Gymnosporangium koreaensis Jacks. (^G. asiaticum^ G. haraeanum) and recom- mended G. photiniae Kern (in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 443. Oct., 191 1 ) to supersede G. japonicum, following Ito's successful inoculation. (Sec Journ. Agr. Res. 5: 1006, 1007. Feb., 1916.) Dietel, on the other hand, made examination of aecia found on the leaves of Cydonia vulgaris, Pirus sinensis and Pourthiaea villosa (Photinia villosa) collected by Kusano at the Botanic Garden, Tokyo, and brought altogether under one species G. confusum Plowr. (in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 28^: 286, May, 1900), but Ito states that G. confusum never occurs in Japan, though Shirai lists it in his Nippon Kinrui Mokuroku (A list of Japanese fungi hith- erto known, Tokyo, Nippon Engei Kenkyukwai, M. 38, 1905, p. 39) and he also maintains that the first two must be identical with G. asiaticum and the third must be G. japonicum (in Byochti-gai Zasshi 4^: 180. Mar., 1917). In Korea, pear-rust was known quite early and its connection with juniper was suspected by the Korean agriculturist Soh You- Koh in his work Haing po chi written as early as about 1845. (Shirai, in Ann. Phytopath. Soc, Japan iM 2. Jan., 1918.) In Japan, Hori first noticed the connection of the pear-rust with juniper Gymnosporangium in 1892, and he studied the actual dam- age of the pear plantation in Okayama first in 1900. (See Hori's Shokubutsu Byogai Kowa [Lectures on plant diseases] v. 2. Tokyo, Seibido, t. 5, xi, Nov., 1916, p. 301-302 [Japanese] .) The infection of quince (Cydonia vulgaris) by the pear-rust fungus was reported by Miyabe and all later investigators, but Sydow made it a new species giving the name Gymnosporangium spiniferum to the aecial stage. (See Ann. Mycol. 10: 78. Feb., 1912.) Ito conceives this to be identical with G. asiaticum (1. c. p. 181), but Tanaka: Nkw Japanksk I''u\(;i 285 Kern brings this into tlic synonymy with C photiniae (in Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 6: 246. Aug., 1916). Successful inoculation of Cydonia japonica by the pear Gymnosporangiiim was also re- ported by Yoshino (1. c. p. 168), Hori (1. c. p. 309) and Ito (1. c. p. 182). According to Yoshino (in Shok. Zass. 20"= : 91. M. 39, V. May, 1906. Japanese). Ideta (1. c. cd. 4. p. 467) and Ito (1. c. 4': 327), natural infection of European pear (Pyrns communis) is found hut of slight extent, and I Tori adds Pyrus Toringo and Cxdonia sinensis as incidental hosts {in llori's Nosakumotsu Byo- gaku. [Discourse on p'anl diseases]. 7 impr. i^i i. ]). 2()2. Ja])a- nese). Ideta first reported that (7. asiaticiim occurs also on the leaves and stems of Jitiiipcnts rigida (in Shok. Zass. 18-^^: 157- 158. M. 37, viii, Aug., 1904. Japanese), but later he corrected the statement in accordance with Miyabe's inoculation tests, that the leaf -inhabiting form only can produce aecia on pear leaves (1. c 18-^^: 223. Oct., 1904. Japanese). Later investigators all agreed with Ideta's final statement (sec Hara, in Engei no Tomo [Friend of Hort.] 13": 811-812. T. 6, ix, Sept., 1917. Japa- nese), except Ito who doubts these statements because only excep- tional species can infect both the Sabina and Oxycedrus groups of juniper (in Byochu-gai Zasshi 4^: 182-183). R- Nodzu even suggested that the pear-rust infects several species of Chamaecy- paris (in Shimane Kenritsu Noji Shikenjo T. 4 Nendo Gyomu Kotei. [Ann. Rept. Simane Agr. Exp. Stat, for 1915I. p. 93- Japanese), but his suggestion received little credit by succeeding authors. Yoshino, on the other hand, succeeded in obtaining rust on Cydonia vulgaris, C. japonica and the Japanese pear by infect- ing with a Gymnosporangiiim found on the small stems of Juni- perus ehincnsis in the Saga prefecture (in Shok. Zass. 20-^-: 91. May, 1906). He describes this stem-inhabiting telium as being "only swollen or expanded or globular, appearing quite ditTerent from the ordinary stem-inhabiting form which expands greatly with moisture into a tongue-like petal." This shows, according to Yoshino, that the telium of G. asiaticum occurs also on the small twigs of juniper in a form quite distinct from that of (7. japonicum. Gymnosporangium Yamadae Miyabe in Shokubutsugaku Zasshi (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo, 17^"=: 34-35. M. 36, ii, Feb., 1903 (nomen 286 ' Mycologia nudum) ; Yamada in Omori, J. & Yamada, G. Shokubutsu Byo- rigaku (Plant Pathology) Tokyo, Hakubunkwan, M. 37, 1904, p. 306-308, fig. 38 (Japanese). Gynmosporangium Yamadoi Miyabe ex Ideta in Nippon Shoku- butsu Byorigaku (Handb. PI. Diseases in Japan) ed. 3, Tokyo, Shokwabo, M. 36, iv, Apr., 1903 (nomen subnudum) ; jMiyabe in Ideta ditto ed. 4 pt. 2 : 471-474, fig. 174. M. 44. 191 1 (Japanese). Description by G. Yamada and K. Miyabe combined : I. Aecia hypophyllous, on more or less thickened, reddish-brown spots, cylindrical, thick, 0.4-0.5 mm. in diam., 5-8 mm. high ; peridium fulvous, splitting into a fine lace-'-ike network ; peridiil cells narrow and elongated, 60-80 x 20-24 /x. inner wall smooth, outer wall slightly verrucosa, side wall tuberculate with short papillae and never making elongated ridges ; aecio'spores subglo- bose or polygonal, 16-24^ in diam., wall thick, brown, finely ver- rucose, the pores 8 scattered. On Pyrus Mains (Apple), Pyrus spcctabilis, and P. Toringo. Til. Telia caulicolous, from a perennial mycelium, appearing on reddish-brown, spheric swellings of the host stem, of somewhat shining appearance, disclosed by the rupturin.g of the cork in irregular fissures, flavo-rubescent. flat, petal- or tongue-shaped, irregular, deep-fuscous when desiccated : teliospores 2-celled, ob- long, broad-e'lipso'd, obovoid or clavate. upper cell always larger, frequently with thick-walled, obtuse papilla at the apex, /jn-50 x 15-22^. On Juniperxis chinensis and /. chinensis var. procumhens. Apple culture of the northeastern territories has been menaced by the disease. In Sapporo, Hokkaido, it made its first appear- ance in 1902 with the introduction of /. chinensis, carrying the fungus from the south. According to Ideta (1. c. ed. 4 p. 472), Miyabe first found in 1904 the connection of apple rust with this particular Gymnosporangium inhabiting on the juniper stems. The aecial stage develops in July and August causing discolora- tion of apple leaves, which frequent'y results in defol'ation. The telial stage appears on the juniper in April or May in the main island, and in May or June at Sapporo, Hokkaido. Tanaka: Xi:\v Japanese Funci 287 Illustrations: 4 text-fijj;ures by Vamacla (1. c. p. 307) are given, showing telia on juniper branch , cross section on the swollen stem, teliospores and germination of teliospores. Notes: The finding of aecia on Pyrus spcciabilis by Shirai in Tokyo was reported by Dietel as ? Gymnosporangium claviaeforme Jacq. {in Hedwigia 37: 216. July, 1898) and by P. Sydow as Gymnosporang'mm ? clavariifonnc (Jacq.) Rees (do. Beibl. 37^: (207) Nov.-Dcc, 1898). ]\ Hcnnings listed an accAuii on Pyrtis Toringo collected by Shirai at Nikko as ? (7. clavariifonne (Jacq.) Rees (in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 28: 262. Mar., 1900), and he later reported G. clavariifortnc from Tokyo, found by Hori on P. spec- tahilis (do. 31'"': 72,2. Aug. 1902). The^e are all iikely to represent G. Yamadac. Under G. Yamadae Miyabe sp. nov., Kern presented a description of the aecial stage found on Pyrus spcctabilis by Nambu at Tokyo (in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7-": 466. Oct., 191 1 ), and Sydow later described the telial stage under the same name from material presented by M. Miura (in Ann. Mycol. 12: 159-160. Apr., 1914). Ito (in Byodiu-gai Zasshi, Journ. PI. Prot. 4*: 244-245. Apr., 1917) ventured, however, to bring this name into the synonymy with G. chinensis Long (in Journ. Agr. Res. i : 345. Jan., 1914) but all later investigators have considered the latter to be identical to G. asiaticiim (= G. haracanum = G . korcacnsis). Sec Clinton, in Ann. Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. .Stat, for 1914 p. 15, 16. 1914; Jackson, in Journ. Agr. Res. 5: 1006. Feb., 1916 and Kern in Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 247-249. Aug., 1916. Gymnosporangium Idetae Yamada ex K. Hara in Hara's Kwaju Byogairon (Discourse on fruit diseases) Irie-cho, Shidzuoka- ken, T. 5, xi, Nov., 1916. p. 95 (Japanese) : in .Shidzuoka-ken Nokwaiho (Journ. Agr. Soc. Shidzuoka prefecture) no. 287: 51-52. T. TO, ix, Sept., 1921 (Japanese). Description from Hara's second article : O. Pycnia epiphyllous, immersed, on orbicular or irregularly- orbicular orange-yellow spots of 5-15 mm. broad, which later turn into beautiful reddish-brown color, globose, with pointed apex; pycnospores fusoid, exude with mucilaginous substance, 8-10 x 3-3-5 M- 288 Mycologia I. Aecia gregarious, protruding from the host tissue, often with common base, cylindrical, grayish-yellow, with apex first rounded, later lacerating, 1-3 x 0.3-0.6 mm. ; aeciospores broad-ellipsoid, globose or subangular, grayish-brown, verrucose, 18-28^ in diam. On Anielanchicr as'iatica, collected by Hara in Kawauye-mura, prov. Mino (Gifu-ken). Description from Hara's first article: III. Telia caulicolous, formed on fusoid swellings, roughened at first, later lacerate, exposed as purplish-brown masses ; teliospores cylindric-clavate or rarely subfusoid, i-septate, upper cell being broader and shorter, 45-75 x 15-20 /a. wall 1.5 /* thick, the pores 2 in both upper and lower cells near the septum, or i apically in the upper and 2 in the lower cell, germinating mostly from the apical pore; sporidia ellipsoid, ovoid or globose, 12-15 ^ /-lO/x. On Juniperus rigida. Revised description of III in the second article of Hara: " Telial masses chestnut-brown or purplish-brown, at first hemi- spheric, later becoming flat by union, or liquify, varying in size, smallest about 5 mm. in diam., largest several inches broad, occa- sionally surrounding the twig; teliospores 2-celled, rarely i- or 3-celled ; 2-celled spores with thick, colored wall, ellipsoid, broad- ellipsoid, subfusoid or ovoid, the cells equal in shape but lower cell being a little longer and narrower than the upper, upper cell occa- sionally papillate, not constricted or slightly constricted, both ends rounded or narrowed, 35-50 x 20-25 fi, those round ones measuring 28-33 ^ 18-28 /i, wall 1.5 /A thick, the pores 2 or i. mostly one apical in the upper cell, two lateral near the septum in the lower cell ; colorless spores ellipsoid, cylindrical or fusoid. the cells unequal, upper cell larger and flatter, lower cell cylindrical or tapering to- ward the pedicel, 50-55 x 16-23^11. wall i /* thick, the pores one apical in the upper cell, or two near the septum as in the lower cell ; 3-celled spores elongated, contents brown or yellow-rust color, i- nucleate, 65-75 ^ 18-20 /a; pedicels cylindrical, very long, hyaline, 3-5 fjL thick ; promycelia clavate or cylindrical, 3-septate ; sterigmata 3-4; sporidia ellipsoid ovoid or reniform, 10-15 x 7-10 /x." Related to G. Miyabei Yamada & Miyake much closer than to G. japoniciim Syd. Inoculations by Yamada and by Hara, con- ducted independently, resulted in the formation of aecia on Anielanchicr asiatica. Notes : The telial stage found on Jnniperus rigida was first identified as G. tretnelloidcs Hart. (Hara in Shok. Zass. 27^": Taxaka: Xkvv Jai'Anksk I'ungi 2.S0 67. T. 2, i, Jan., 1913. Japanese). This identification was made by Sydow according to llara's second report (1. c. 27^'"': 348. T. 2, vii, July, 1913. Japanese), but as he had formerly succeeded in inoculating .Inielanchicr he considered this to be identical, at least partly, to G. junipcrinum mentioned by Shirai in his " List " p. 39. Hara later obtained materials from Yamada who proposed the present scientific name according to the results of his inocu- lation. Sec Engei no Tomo (Friend of Hort.) 13'': 812. T. 6, ix, Sept., 1917 (Japanese). The present species was later acknowledged by Ito as a distinct species, differing from G. clavariiforme by having much flatter telia ; from G. amclanchieris in the elongated shape of the telio- spores ; and from G. clavipcs in the different shape of the pedicel of the teliospores. See Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journ. PI. Prot.) 4': 325-326. T. 6, V, May, 1917 (Japanese). Hara's descriptions are based upon the specimens collected at Kawauye-mura, Mino province (Gifu-ken) (O. I. III.) ; various localities in Totomi province (Shidzuoka-ken) as Sakabe, Makino- hara, Kasuisai, and Mikatagahara (III.). Illustrations: Fig. 11, no. 6 in Hara's Kwaju Byogairon shows 2 germinating teliospores and 2 sporidia. Gyimnosporangium hemisphaericum K. Hara sp. nov. in Engei no Tomo (Friend of Hort.) 13^: S13. T. 6, ix, Sept., 1917 (nomen nudum) ; in Dainippon Sanrin Kwailio (Journ. Forest. Soc, Japan) no. 419: 16-18. T. 6, x. Oct., 1917. (Japanese.) 0. Pycnia epiplnllous, on orbicular orange-yellow spots, gre- garious, first immersed, later piercing the epidermis with ostiola erumpent, globose or depressed-globose. 125-170^ in diam.. osti- olar filaments hyaline, resembling pedicels of pycnospores ; pycno- spores fusoid or ellipsoid, hyaline. 10-13 x 2.5-3 /x; pedicels fili- form, 50-80 X 1-1.5/U,. 1. Aecia hypopliyllous, cespitose or simply aggregate, conical or subcylindrical. delicate, brown, later cinereous or flavescent. T-1.5 mm. high ; peridium dehiscent only at the end ; aeciospores globose or sub-angular, fulvous, verrucose. 20-28 x 18-25 /x. On Pyrus Ziimi. Spots at first orange-yellow or yellowish-pink, orbicular, 1.5 mm. in diam.. later enlarging attaining to 6 mm., becoming viscid and 290 MVCOLOGIA then black-spotted on the upper surface, and producing hair-like aecia on the lower surface. At this stage, there develops a dis- colored area of pale-yellow or occasionally light-pinkish color around the spot. III. Telia foliicolous or caulicolous, arising between scale-like leaves, oljlate or hemispherical, fuscous or purplish-brown, later pulvinate, 1-5 mm. when desiccated, attaining to soy-bean size with moisture ; teliospores subglobose, broad-ellipsoid or f usoid, rounded at both ends, sometimes papillate at the apex, occasionally with narrowed base, 2-celled, the cells almost equal-sized, constricted, 30-35 X 25-30 /A, wall thin, 1-1.5/x thick, the pores 2 in each cell near the septum, or i apically in the upper, 2 in the lower cell ; colorless spores fusoid or ellipsoid, commonly narrowed at both ends, 2-celled, each cell unequal, upper cell being 2-4 /x shorter than the lower, slightly or not constricted, 30-37 x 17-25 /a, wall thin, I fj. thick, the pores i apical or 1-2 lateral in the upper, and 1-2 lateral in the lower cell, lateral pores being located near the septum; i-celled teliospores ellipsoid or ovoid, rounded at both ends, or papillate at the apex, wall colored, 1-2 ju, thick, the pores apical or lateral ; pedicels cylindrical, long, 3-4.5 fj. thick ; promy- celia cylindrical or elongated like hyphae, curved, 3-septate, 10-12 [x in diam. ; sterigmata 3-4 on a promycelium. cylindrical, 5-6 /x long ; sporidia ellipsoid or ovoid, 10-13 x g-io jx. On Juniperus chinensis. Type locality: Mino province (Gifu-ken) Kawauye-mura, Mar., 1917 (K. Hara). The telia received a preliminary identification as G. haraeanum by T. Hemmi and S. Ito, but after examining well-developed telio- spores Hara became aware of its great difference from common pear-rust Gymnosporangium and thought it to be a new form. The inoculation was then carried out and he obtained positive results on P. Zmni, and negative on P. Malus, P. Toringo and P. sinensis. Hara also collected aecia from naturally infected P. Zumi in August, 1916. Hara observed, on the other hand, a type of sorus arising from the space between the scaly leaves of juniper, in this respect similar to a telium. This form, becoming globose or hemispheric in shape, is much lighter in color than the telium, being brown or rust- colored, pulvinate, composed of numerous spores arranged in TwAKv: \'i:\v JapanksI': Fcnc.i 'JOl chains on the pc(hcc-l 3-4.5 /x thick (sometimes attaining to 9/x thick in aI)Sorhin<^ moisture). The spores are globose or broad- ellipsoid, 20-26 /i in diam., wall is thick, dark brown, 1.5-2 /^i thick, contents being granular, rust-colored. In cutting the sori longi- tudinally, well-developed hyphae were observed, which were either apparently fillin;.^ the enlarged host cells or running between them. The hyphae were colorless or fulvous, branching, 2-2.5 H- '" diam. The spores did not germinate after several attempts, and that led Mara to consider these to be rudimentary urediniospores which had probably lost their function. He states that these peculiar spores occur also in the telia without forming independent sori of their own. He also ventures to add an account of this form to the generic character of Gymnosporangiwn. See Byochii-gai Zasshi (Journ. PI. Prot.) 6*: 754-755. T. 8, ix, Sept., 1919. (Japa- nese.) Gymnosporangium Siiiraianum K. Hara sp. nov. in Byochu-gai Zasshi (Journ. PI. Prot.) 6^ : 681-687, 6": 751-756. i pl. T. 8, viii-ix, Aug.-Sept., 1919. (Japanese.) 0. Pycnia epiphyllous. on orange-red or reddish spots of 5-10 mm. broad, immersed, globose or depressed-globose, 1 50-200 /* in d:am., ostiolar filaments needle-shaped, narrowed at the apex, straight, containing orange-colored granules, 80-120 x 3-4 /a; pycnospores cylindric or ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, hyaline, 8-12 X 3-1 ;i/.; pedicels linear, narrowed at the apex, hyaline, 15- 30 X 2.5-3 1^- 1. Aecia hypophyllous, on 7-10-times thickened spots, the sur- face of which undulate, orange-yellow with margin of orange or reddish color, cespitose in small group or irregularly scattered, at first cinereous with purplish-yellow, simply projecting, later elon- gating into cylinder or tube, 0.25-0.5 mm. in diam.. 1-5 mm. high; peridium straight or curved, at first ^with rounded end, later de- hisrcnt; per'idial cells sub-hexagonal, elongated, or fusoid. rarely subglobose, lower ones much shorter and light-brown in color. 33-90 X 20-40 /x. outer wall parallel-striated. 4-7 /x thick; aecio- spores globose, ovoid or polygonal, fulvous, 18-23 x 16-18 /t. wall verrucose. 1-2 /x thick, the pores 6-14. pedicel linear, variable in length, 4-5/'. in diam. On Pyrus sinensis. Type locality: Totomi province (Shidzuoka-ken) Mikatagahara, June 6, 1919 (K. Hara). 292 Mycologia III. Telia foliicolous, epiphyllous, solitary or rarely 2-3 to- gether, first subepidermal, later erumpent, minute, depressed-glo- bose or oblate-ellipsoid, upper surface convex, purplish-brown or castaneous, lower surface more or less flat, light-brown or light- colored, looking as though attached to the substratum with pedicel- like body, 1-3 mm. in diam., 0.5-1 mm. high, becoming honey-color with moisture; teliospores broad-ellipsoid, fusoid or ovoid, rounded or narrowed at both ends, sometimes pointed at the apex, 2-celled (rarely 3- or i-celled), usually equal-sized, sometimes upper cell being broader and shorter, lower just opposite, or rarely vice versa, constricted or not constricted, 30-50 x 15-25^, wall castaneous, 1.5-2.5//, the pores 2 in each cell near the septum, or i apically in the upper, 2 laterally in the lower cell ; colorless spores oblong short-cvlindrical or fusoid, rounded or narrowed at both ends, 2- celled, the cells equal or unequal, upper being larger or just oppo- site, mostly not constricted but rarely much constricted, wall ful- vous, 1 1^ thick, the pores mostly i apically in the upper, 2 laterally in the lower cell, or 2 in each cell near the septum ; 3-celled spores clavate or oblong, not constricted at the septum or .slightly con- stricted, 64-66 x 15-18 ju.; i-celled spores globose, ovoid or ellip- soid, 22-25 ^ 20-22 /x, round ones 22 /x in diam., wall 2-2.5 /^ thick ; pedicels cylindrical, very long, 4-9^11 thick, hyaline; promycelia at first cylindrical, later occasionally elongate into hyphal form of 5-7/', thick, or simply curved, 3-celled and 5-8 /x thick; sterigmata filiform. T5-20 X 2-4 /x. terminated by sporidia ; sporidia reniform or ellipsoid, orange-colored, 10-16 x 5-91".. On Juniperus littoralis. Type locality : Totomi province (Shidzuoka-ken) Mikatagahara, Mar. 20. 1919 (K. Hara), Mar. 21, 1919 (K. Yoshida). Apr. 7, 1919 (Y. Watanabe). Illustrations: i black-and-white plate giving 15 figures to show aecial form on Japanese pear leaf : section of a pycnium, its ostiolar filaments, pedicels of pycnospore, pycnospores, section of an aecium, peridial cells, formation of aeciospores, mature aeciospores, telia on leaves of /. littoralis, a swollen telium, colored teliospores, colorless teliospores, germination of teliospores and sporidia. The appearance of the aecial stage is quite similar to that of G. asiaticum, except the aecia look more or less purplish in color. Notes : Sand-pear culture in the ^likatagahara region was given up some time ago on account of the virulence of rust, though Taxaka: Xkvv Japanese Fungi 293 no Junif'cnis chincnsis was found in the vicinity. After careful examination, liara found J. littoralis growing wi'd in the region which carried tclia looking quite different from those of /. chi- ncnsis. Inoculation, using type material colected by Watanabe, proved that this telial form infects P. sinriisis very easily, hut P. aiicitparia {Sorhus oiicuparia, S. japonica) remained free (1. c. 6°: 751-75-)- tiara also suggested that the case reported by Ideta, regarding tlie leaf-inhabiting form of Gyninosporaiininm en J . rit/Ula as the pe:ir-rust organism, is one of misidentification of the host, because J. littoralis is often mistaken for /. rig'.da (1. c- P- 753)- SYNOPSIS OF JAPANESE GYMXOSPORANGIUM SPECIES* I. Telia on stem, causing hypertrophy 1. Telia on spheric swelling of the stem of Juniperus chinensis, and /. cliinen- sis var. procumbens ; aecia on Pyrus Mains, P. spcctabilis and P. Toringo ; aeciospores chestnut-brown. Gymnosporangium Yamadae Miyabe, ex Yamada 1904, and Ideta 1911 (G. Yaniadai Miyabe). Syn. G. claviaefornie Dietel, non Jacq. G. clavariifonne Syd., P. Henn., non Rees. G. chincnsis Ito. non Long. 2. Telia on fusoid swelling of the stem of Juniperus chinensis, and /. chinensis var. procumbens; aecia on Photinia villosa {P. laevis) ; aeciospores yel- lowish-brown. Gymnosporaxgium japo.nicum Syd. 1899. Syn. Rocstelia photiniae P. Henn. in Hedwigia 33: 231, Aug., 1894. (Ex Ito, 1913-) Roestelia potirthiacae Miyabe in Shok. Zass. (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo. 17^''-: 35. M. 36, ii. Feb., 1903 (Japanese). (Ex Ito, 1917.") Accidium pourthiaeae Syd. in Bull. Herb. Bois. 1900. no. 4 : 3. (Ex Ito. 1917.) Gymnosporangium confusum Diet., non Plowr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 28: 286. May. 1900 pro parte. (Ex Ito, 1917, p. 180.) G. photiniae Kern. 191 1. * In looking over this synopsis. Prof. Miyabe kindly made the following comments : (i) The plant here called Juniperus chincnsis var. procumbens should be /. chinensis var. Sargenti, since /. procumbens, according to E. H. Wilson, represents an entirely different plant. (2> The plant here called Juniperus littoralis is better called /. conferta. in accordance with modern classification. (3^ The apple rust fungus probably had been existing in the prefecture of Anmcri for centuries, where the wild crab apple is found common. 294 Mycologia 3. Telia on fusoid swelling of the stem of Juniperus rigida; aecia on Amelan- cliier asiafica; aeciospores chestnut-brown. Gymnosporangium Idetae Yamada ex K. Hara, 1916, 1921. Syn. Gymnosporangium tremelloides Syd., nan Hartig. (Ex Hara.) G. juniperinum Shirai pro parte, non Fries. (Ex Hara.) 4. Telia on fusoid swelling of the stem of Chamaecyparis pisifera, Ch. pisifera var. pliimosa, and Ch. pisifera var. squarrosa ; aecia on Pyrus Miyabei and P. Aria var. kamaoensis ; aeciospores yellowish-brown. Gymnosporangium Miyabei Yamada & Miyake in Shok. Zass. (Bot. Mag.) Tokyo, 22253; 21— 28. Feb., 1908. Syn. Roestelia solitaria Miyabe in Shok. Zass. 17192: 3- M. ^6, ii, Feb., 1903. (Ex Yamada & Miyake.) R. solenoides Diet, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 32: 631. June, 1903. (Ex Yamada & Miyake.) Gymnosporangium solenoides Kern in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 450. Oct., 1911. II. Telia ox leap or on green stem, not causing hypertrophy 5. Telia conic or spheric, on Juniperus chinensis, J. chinensis var. procumbens, and /. rigida ; aecia on Pyrus sitiensis, Cydonia vulgaris, C. japonica, and Py>us coiimuiiis ; aeciospores yellowish-brown, 18-22 X 18-21 /j. (P. Henn.). Gymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe, ex Yamada, 1904. Syn. Roestelia koreaensis P. Henn. in Monsunia i : 5. 1900. (Ex Yamada.) Gymnosporangium japonicum Shirai. non Syd. pro parte. G. confusum Diet., non Plowr. pro parte. (Ex Ito, 1917.) G. spiniferum Syd. (Ex Ito, 1917.) G. haraeanum Syd. 1912. G. chinensis Long. (Ex Kern, Jackson). G. koreaense Jacks. 1916. 6. Telia oblate or hemispheric, on Juniperus chinensis; aecia on Pyrus Zumi] aeciospores yellowish-brown, 20—28 X 18—25 /jl (K. Hara). Gymnosporangium hemisphaericum K. Hara. 1917. 7. Telia depressed-globose or oblate-ellipsoid,- on Juniperus littor'alis; aecia on Pyrus sinensis ; aeciospores yellowish-brown, 18—23 X 16—18 [i (K. Hara). Gymnosporangium Shiraianum K. Hara. 1919 Undescribed or questionable species reported from Japan I. Telia on Juniperus nipponica; aecia on Sorbus japonica (Pyrus aucuparia var. japonica) and 5. sambucifolia var. pseudogracilis (P. aucuparia). Gymnosporangium alpinum Yamada ex Hara in Byochil-gai Zasshi (Journ. PI. Prot.) 69; 754. T. 8, ix, Sept., 1919 (nomen nudum). Syn. Gymnosporangium juniperi Ito, non Link, based upon Miyabe (1903) and Ideta (1911). In Byochu-gai Zasshi 4*: 246. T. 6, iv, Apr., 1917 (Japanese). (Ex Hara, 1. c.) G. juniperinum Miyabe, Shok. Zass. 17: (35), non Fries (Aecia only; on Pyrus aucuparia. 1903). Ideta; aecia on Sorbus japonica, telia on Juniperus nana (?) 191 1. Also Yamada, 1904. p. 308; Shirai List ed. I, p. 39 pro parte. Tanaka: \i:vv jAi>ANi:sii Funcii 295 2. Telia on unknown host, collected by Miyabc in Karafuto (SaRhalicn). Gymnosporancium clavariaeforme (Jacq.) Rees. Ex Idcta, 191 1, p. 474-4/5- (Collected by Miyabe in Karafuto on Juniperus nana, ex Hara, 1. c.) (Shirai, List cd. I, p. 39. fo parte. Accia on Sorbus sp. : List ed. 2, p. 265, aecia on Pyrus.) 3. Telia on unknown host ; aecia on Pliolinia villosa. Gymnosi'orangium blasdaleaxum Kern, 191 1 p. 438; 1016. p. 250. Syn. Aecidium pourthiaeae Syd. (Ex Kern.) 4. Host entirely unknown. RoESTELiA CANCELLATA Reb. ex Matsumura. Shokubutsu Meikwan, Index PI. Japon. vol. i: 171. M. 37, ii, Feb., 1904; Shirai List ed. i, p. 88 {Gymnosporangium Sabinae for the synonym). Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. ^ N*w Vorli Bolmntc^^amtOmn LtCwsry QK609.J3T3no.1— 1^ gen Tanaka, Tyozaburo/New Japanese (ungi. No 3 5 85 001 17 1469